cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abiotic Processes Affecting the Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents

Abiotic processes, such as sorption, volatilization and chemical transformation, play an important role in the natural attenuation and treatment of chlorinated solvents. In this chapter, an overview of the principles governing these processes in the context of chlorinated solvent remediation and treatment is presented. This discussion includes a brief introduction to sorption processes and volatilization, with most attention focused on abiotic transformation pathways because of the recent advances in this area and the increasing interest in applying monitored natural attenuation (MNA) to chlorinated solvent plumes. The chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the literature, but rather highlights basic information on key abiotic processes that may impact remedial technology implementability.
The Best Job in the World

I often tell people I have the best job in the world. But more precisely, I have two of the best jobs in the world: being a mom and being a professor. How I ended up where I am today, with both of these jobs, is a story of accepting opportunities and overcoming challenges.
Corin is a key regulator of endochondral ossification and bone development via modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A expression

Corin has been studied extensively within the vascular system and is known to regulate blood pressure. We have shown that corin is one of the most highly upregulated genes during osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). This study tested the hypothesis that, through modulation of angiogenic signalling pathways, corin is a critical regulator of osteogenic differentiation and endochondral ossification. In vitro, corin expression in hASC was suppressed via siRNA knockdown and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression was quantified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vivo, a murine corin knockout model (female, 10 weeks) was used to determine the effect of corin deficiency on long bone development. Wild-type and corin knockout long bones were compared via haematoxylin and eosin staining to assess tissue characteristics and cellular organization, three-point bending to assess mechanical characteristics, and immunohistochemistry to visualize VEGF-A expression patterns. Corin knockdown significantly (p < 0.05) increased VEGF-A mRNA expression during osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, corin knockout reduced tibial growth plate thickness (p < 0.01) and severely diminished the hypertrophic region. Corin knockout femurs had significantly increased stiffness (p < 0.01) and maximum loads (p < 0.01) but reduced postyield deflections (p < 0.01). In corin knockout mice, VEGF-A expression was increased near the growth plate but was reduced throughout the tibial shaft and distal head of the tibiae. This is the first study to show that corin is a key regulator of bone development by modulation of VEGF-A expression. Further elucidation of this mechanism will aid in the development of optimized bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies.
Traveler’s Diarrhea

The world is now a smaller place, where international travel is feasible and accessible to a large population. Traveler’s diarrhea (TD) is a clinical syndrome of diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea within 2 weeks of travel. The CDC estimates that TD affects 30–70% of travelers. There are several categories of traveler’s diarrhea: mild, moderate, severe, and persistent. The highest-risk areas for TD are Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Mexico, Central America, and South America. Bacterial pathogens are responsible for 80–90% of TD cases.
Exploration of Relationships between Conformity to Masculine Social Norms and Demographic Characteristics

In this full research paper, we bring into focus the interplay of conformity to masculine social norms and demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, race/ethnicity, institutional settings) among undergraduate engineering students in the United States. We approached this study with an exploratory, non-experimental design that involved examining patterns of relationship between the conformity to masculine social norms and demographic characteristics of respondents. Our data were obtained from of survey responses by engineering students (n=128) in first-year general engineering courses at three universities in the Southeastern United States. We operationalized conformity to masculine social norms using the Conformity to Masculinity Social Norms Inventory (CMNI-22). Our results revealed moderate to low conformity to masculine social norms among engineering students in first-year general engineering courses. Overall, student demographic characteristics appeared to have weak to limited influence on levels of conformity. However, the institutional setting interacted significantly with both gender and race/ethnicity such that male students at the public research university setting and white students in the same setting reported significantly higher levels of conformity to masculine social norms than students in other demographic categories. We discuss these findings as they enrich understanding about how institutional contexts might affect gendered social norms related to engineering professional formation.
One approach to circulation and blood flow in the critical care unit

Evaluating and managing circulatory failure is one of the most challenging tasks for medical practitioners involved in critical care medicine. Understanding the applicability of some of the basic but, at the same time, complex physiological processes occurring during a state of illness is sometimes neglected and/or presented to the practitioners as point-of-care protocols to follow. Furthermore, managing hemodynamic shock has shown us that the human body is designed to fight to sustain life and that the compensatory mechanisms within organ systems are extraordinary. In this review article, we have created a minimalistic guide to the clinical information relevant when assessing critically ill patients with failing circulation. Measures such as organ blood flow, circulating volume, and hemodynamic biomarkers of shock are described. In addition, we will describe historical scientific events that led to some of our current medical practices and its validation for clinical decision making, and we present clinical advice for patient care and medical training.
0D and 2D: The Cases of Phenylethylammonium Tin Bromide Hybrids

Tin halide perovskites and perovskite-related materials have emerged as promising lead-free hybrid materials for various op-toelectronic applications. While remarkable progress has been achieved in...
Interdisciplinary oncology education: A survey of trainees and program directors in the United States.

e17617 Background: High quality cancer treatment requires optimal coordination of multidisciplinary care. Therefore, oncologists must have a strong understanding of collaborating specialties. This ...
Student-Centered, e-Learning Design in a University Classroom

Regional state university expectations for increased instructional rigor in addition to improved student satisfaction and retention resulted in faculty concern regarding lack of student motivation and class preparation. In an effort to leverage learning, a group of faculty members redesigned courses placing initial content acquisition responsibility on students. As a result, students entered classes prepared to engage collaboratively in student-centered learning activities and demonstrate workplace skills in real world scenarios. Pre-class instruction using multimodal digital tools maximized and individualized learner content acquisition. As a result, learner engagement increased before, during and after class. The process of redesigning one sophomore-level education course is described in this chapter. The redesigned course included collaborative and student-centered undergraduate coursework driven by technology applications to meet twenty-first century adult learner preferences.
Correlates of Love Across Relationship Types and Cultural Regions

A cross-cultural study of intimate relationships explored correlates of love around the world. Structural Equation Modeling found similar factors associated with love across nine cultural regions, as well as across eight relationship types defined by men and women, married or unmarried, in opposite-sex or same-sex relationships. The correlates are similar in spite of any variations in mean levels of the factors. The correlates occur in the following categories: motivation, partner suitability, intimacy dimensions, exchange processes, conflict resolution, and well-being. The findings have implications for future research, self-reflection, and couples counseling.
Proinflammatory Signaling Pathways and Genomic Signatures in Head and Neck Cancers

The advances in genomics research during the past few decades have significantly improved our biological understanding of head and neck cancers (HNCs), which have resulted in the development of innovations in early detection, diagnosis, and treatments. Clinically, however, HNCs are still difficult to treat using conventional regimens and are associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Furthermore, patient response rates to newly developed targeted and immunomodulatory therapies are relatively low and unpredictable, and therapeutic resistance is highly prevalent. The challenges to achieving effective early detection, diagnosis, and better treatments for HNCs are due to the genetic heterogeneity of the tumors and promotion by a proinflammatory microenvironment, which have recently been dissected using genome-wide technological approaches. In this chapter, we have summarized advances in understanding the most prevalent HNCs, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), focusing on proinflammatory signaling pathways and genomic signatures. Comprehensive understanding of the proinflammatory signaling pathways and genomic signatures in HNSCCs could lead to the identification of new biomarkers for early detection and diagnosis, and new therapeutic strategies for precision medicine, which will bring clinical benefit to patients with HNSCC and other rarer types of HNCs in which similar inflammatory mechanisms emerge.
Intellectual Property and Development at W.H.O.and W.I.P.O.

Recent activity at major intergovernmental organizations reflects a renewed emphasis on making the international intellectual property system work to foster global health in developing countries. The World Intellectual Property Organization1 recently approved a historic "Development Agenda" - a wide-ranging set of reforms that reorients WIPO towards development and reconfigures how the organization makes policy, provides technical assistance, and is administered. The World Health Organization has launched its own development agenda of sorts - an Intergovernmental Working Group on Public Health, Innovation and Intellectual Property that is tasked with preparing "a global strategy and plan of action" aimed at "securing an enhanced and sustainable basis for needs-driven, essential health research and development relevant to diseases that disproportionately affect developing countries, proposing clear objectives and priorities for research and development, and estimating funding needs in this area."This Article describes these initiatives with particular emphasis on the proposals that have been approved or (in the case of the WHO working group) upon which Member states have reached consensus. The Article compares the initiatives and examines how they might be expected to facilitate collaboration between the two IGOs. Finally, the Article poses some questions prompted by the diversity and ambition of the proposals that make up the initiatives.
COMBAT DANCE:A CREATIVELY HOLISTIC APPROACH TO MOVEMENT PERFORMANCE ART

COMBAT DANCE: A CREATIVELY HOLISTIC APPROACH TO MOVEMENT PERFORMANCE ART By Raymont Lee Anderson, M.F.A. A thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2003 Major Director. Dr. Noreen Barnes-McLain, Director of Graduate Studies Department of Theatre “Combat Dance” is an eclectic blend of combat and dance art forms combined and taught from the Fall 2001 to Spring 2003. As defined here, combat dance is a blend of techniques and principles gleaned from both unarmed and armed aspects of stage combat, martial arts (such as aikido and kung fu), modern dance and other expressive movements used to tell a story of conflict. Its primary purpose is to provide both actors and non-actors greater awareness and control of their bodies and to provide a range of creative avenues of expression. Combat dance gives the performers a unique and v holistic set of exercises and skills that leave no part of the body, mind, or even deeper the spirit uninfluenced. The thesis begins with the vision and birth of the class, a description of the preparatory research, an analysis of the reasons for the class, and reflection, revelations, and realizations gained through teaching the class. The ultimate focus of this thesis is to aid anyone interested in any type of combat or dance-related movements: dancers, non-dancers, actors, non-actors, movement coaches, and even those in the fields of dance or drama therapy. Thesis was saved using Microsoft® Works Suite 2002 Requirements To use Microsoft® Works Suite version 2002, you need: Computer/Processor Multimedia PC with a Pentium 200MHz or higher processor Memory 64 MB of RAM Hard Disk 1045 MB of available hard-disk space for typical installation of all applications. Custom installation may require more or less hard-disk space. Drive Quad speed CD ROM drive or higher Display Super VGA monitor, 1 MB of VRAM Operating System Microsoft Windows 98, Me, 2000 or XP operating system Peripherals Microsoft mouse or compatible pointing device Miscellaneous Microsoft® Internet Explorer 5.5 software required and included. Up to an additional 80 MB of hard disk space may be required for Internet Explorer upgrade. This installation will not replace your primary browser. Modem (28.8 baud or faster recommended), access to the Internet, Audio card with headphones or speakers, Microphone required for voice recording.
Multiple molecular forms of bovine heart cytochrome c. V. A comparative study of their physicochemical properties and their reactions in biological systems.

Abstract The differences in the physicochemical and electron transfer properties of the multiple forms of bovine heart cytochrome c, Cy I to Cy IV, provide a means of correlating substitutions of aspartyl or glutamyl residues for asparaginyl or glutaminyl residues in the polypeptide chain with the conformation of this heme protein, as well as a new aspect in the study of the relation between its structure and function. The differences in light absorption spectra (at 25° and -190°) and optical rotatory dispersion, as well as in circular dichroic absorption spectra, of the multiple forms indicate that they differ in conformation, and that Cy I represents the native form. This, coupled with the fact that the oxidation-reduction potentials of the various forms are different, indicates that the environment of the heme group, i.e. the hemeprotein interaction, has been affected in Cy II and Cy III. Evidence is presented in support of a difference in conformation in the ferrous as well as in the ferric form, although the difference is clearer in the latter form. The different forms are slowly oxidized by molecular oxygen (278 µm) at neutral pH; the first order rate constant increases in the order Cy I l Cy II l Cy III, and numerically by about 3 times (from 3.0 x 10-5 to 8.3 x 10-5 sec-1). The different forms are reduced by ascorbate at pH 7.0 in a second order reaction. The rate constants decrease in the order Cy I g Cy II g Cy III and numerically by about 3 times (from 7.9 to 2.8 m-1 sec-1). The different forms are all able to restore succinate oxidation in mitochondria depleted of endogeneous cytochrome c. However, they are not isokinetic. Athough the V'max values are essentially the same, the K'm values for cytochrome c increase in the order Cy I l Cy II l Cy III and numerically by about 5.5 times (from 2.9 to 15.9 µm). The results put into perspective earlier studies on various chemically and enzymically modified forms of cytochrome c, and support the view that certain asparagine and glutamine residues are important to achieve the conformation and the biological activity characteristic of native mammalian cytochrome c.
Biotoxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

The sections in this article are Introduction Nanoparticles in the Environment How Nanoparticles are Introduced into Mammalian Systems Health Threats Nanomaterials and Biotoxicity Iron Oxide Titanium Dioxide Dark Studies UV Irradiation Studies Other Metal Oxides Conclusions Acknowledgment
Fifth-Generation Model for Corticosteroid Pharmacodynamics: Application to Steady-State Receptor Down-Regulation and Enzyme Induction Patterns during Seven-Day Continuous Infusion of Methylprednisolone in Rats

A fifth-generation model for receptor/gene-mediated corticosteroid effects was proposed based on results from a 50 mg/kg IV bolus dose of methylprednisolone (MPL) in male adrenalectomized rats, and confirmed using data from other acute dosage regimens. Steady-state equations for receptor down-regulation and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme induction patterns were derived. Five groups of male Wistar rats (n=5/group) were subcutaneously implanted with Alzet mini-pumps primed to release saline or 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/kg/hr of MPL for 7 days. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the infusion. Plasma MPL concentrations, blood lymphocyte counts, and hepatic cytosolic free receptor density, receptor mRNA, TAT mRNA, and TAT enzyme levels were quantitated. The pronounced steroid effects were evidenced by marked losses in body weights and changes in organ weights. All four treatments caused a dose-dependent reduction in hepatic receptor levels, which correlated with the induction of TAT mRNA and TAT enzyme levels. The 7 day receptor mRNA and free receptor density correlated well with the model predicted steady-state levels. However, the extent of enzyme induction was markedly higher than that predicted by the model suggesting that the usual receptor/gene-mediated effects observed upon single/intermittent dosing of MPL may be countered by alterations in other aspects of the system. A mean IC50 of 6.1 ng/mL was estimated for the immunosuppressive effects of methylprednisolone on blood lymphocytes. The extent and duration of steroid exposure play a critical role in mediating steroid effects and advanced PK/PD models provide unique insights into controlling factors.
Several new concepts to bridge the "Logic Effort" research and SoC timing closure practice

"Logic Effort" is academic research in the field of circuit optimization. The aim of this research is to achieve the fastest circuit implementation of a logic function by using the least amount of silicon resource. The fruit of this "Logic Effort" research has been utilized by Magma in real world timing closure practice and has resulted in significant success. However, the "gain" concept used by Magma in its practice is not user-friendly and has caused lot of confusions. This paper introduces several new concepts which can function as a bridge between the "Logic Effort" circuit optimization technique and real world timing closure practice.
Assessment of the advantages and feasibility of a nuclear rocket for a manned Mars mission

The feasibility of rebuilding and testing a nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) for the Mars mission was investigted. Calculations indicate that an NTR would substantially reduce the Earth-orbit assemble mass compared to LOX/LH2 systems. The mass savings were 36 and 65% for the cases of total aerobraking and of total propulsive braking respectively. Consequently, the cost savings for a single mission of using an NTR, if aerobraking is feasible, are probably insufficient to warrant the NTR development. If multiple missions are planned or if propulsive braking is desired at Mars and/or at Earth, then the savings of about $7 billion will easily pay for the NTR. Estimates of the cost of rebuilding a NTR were based on the previous NERVA program's budget plus additional costs to develop a flight ready engine. The total cost to build the engine would be between $4 to 5 billion. The concept of developing a full-power test stand at Johnston Atoll in the Pacific appears very feasible. The added expense of building facilities on the island should be less than $1.4 billion.
Genetically Engineered Mouse Models in Cancer Research

Mouse models of human cancer have played a vital role in understanding tumorigenesis and answering experimental questions that other systems cannot address. Advances continue to be made that allow better understanding of the mechanisms of tumor development, and therefore the identification of better therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. We review major advances that have been made in modeling cancer in the mouse and specific areas of research that have been explored with mouse models. For example, although there are differences between mice and humans, new models are able to more accurately model sporadic human cancers by specifically controlling timing and location of mutations, even within single cells. As hypotheses are developed in human and cell culture systems, engineered mice provide the most tractable and accurate test of their validity in vivo. For example, largely through the use of these models, the microenvironment has been established to play a critical role in tumorigenesis, since tumor development and the interaction with surrounding stroma can be studied as both evolve. These mouse models have specifically fueled our understanding of cancer initiation, immune system roles, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, and the relevance of molecular diversity observed among human cancers. Currently, these models are being designed to facilitate in vivo imaging to track both primary and metastatic tumor development from much earlier stages than previously possible. Finally, the approaches developed in this field to achieve basic understanding are emerging as effective tools to guide much needed development of treatment strategies, diagnostic strategies, and patient stratification strategies in clinical research.
Changes to Pregnancy and Lactation Risk Labeling for Prescription Drugs

Safe medication use by women during pregnancy and lactation is an area of concern for women and their health care providers. In December 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a final rule on new labeling changes, which go into effect in June 2015 and eliminate the current letter system of A-D, X. The new labeling will include a summary of risks to using the medication during pregnancy and lactation, and supporting data and relevant information to assist health care providers in counseling pregnant and lactating women.
Cell type‐dependent biomarker expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a rare and progressive salivary malignancy, is characterized by cellular, morphologic, and clinical heterogeneity. The authors of this report hypothesized that the dual cellular composition of ACC plays an important role in biomarker evaluation, tumor biologic behavior, and response to therapy. METHODS: To investigate the differential localization and expression of the c-Kit protein and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein, immunohistochemical analyses were performed on tissue arrays that were constructed from 199 tumors, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic factors. RESULTS: c-Kit expression was limited to the inner ductal epithelial cells, whereas EGFR expression was limited mainly to the outer myoepithelial cells in the majority of ACCs with tubular and cribriform patterns. In solid ACCs, c-Kit uniformly was positive, whereas EGFR consistently was negative. A significant statistical correlation was observed between c-Kit expression and a poor 3-year outcome, and EGFR expression was correlated with a better 3-year outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings underscored the importance of cellular subtype localization of biomarkers in the clinical and therapeutic stratification of patients with ACC. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Gutowsky, Herbert S.: The Coupling of Chemical and Nuclear Magnetic Phenomena

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Dipolar Broadening and Motional Narrowing at Harvard 3 Starting Out at Illinois 4 High-Resolution NMR 5 Exchange Averaging in High-Resolution Spectra 6 Conclusion 7 Biographical Sketch
A Bivalent, Chimeric Rabies Virus Expressing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Induces Multifunctional Antibody Responses.

Abstract We previously showed that a matrix (M) gene-deleted rabies virus (RABV)-based vaccine (RABV-ΔM) is highly immunogenic and induces potent B cell responses in the context of RABV infection. We speculated that RABV-ΔM expressing HIV proteins would also induce potent B cell responses against HIV antigens. As a prerequisite to future studies in nonhuman primates, we completed immunogenicity studies in mice to confirm the ability of RABV-ΔM to induce polyfunctional B cell responses in the context of HIV. To that end, the envelope protein from the mac239 strain of SIV (SIVmac239Env) was cloned into RABV-ΔM, resulting in RABV-ΔM-Env. Infectious virus was recovered following standard methods and propagated on baby hamster kidney cells stably expressing RABV M [>107 focus forming units (ffu)/ml]. Western blot analysis of cell lysates or of purified virions confirmed Env expression on the surface of infected cells and within virus particles, respectively. Positive neutralization activity against a neutraliz...
Amino Acid Polymorphism and Rare Electrophoretic Variants of G6pd from Natural Populations of Drosophila Melanogaster

Identifing the amino acid changes responsible for electrophoretic variants is essential to understanding the significance of allozyme polymorphism in adaptation. The amino acid mutations responsible for the common G6PD allozyme polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster have been recently described. This study characterizes the amino acid changes associated with 11 rare electrophoretic G6PD variants. The 11 rare electrophoretic variants result from six independent amino acid mutations. The in vivo function of the rare variants was determined in an earlier study and most variants fell into one of two function classes. It is shown here that the function of the rare variants reflects the state of the Pro/Leu mutation responsible for the A / B allozyme polymorphism in each variant. Two mutations destabilize quaternary structure resulting in shifts from tetrameric to dimeric alleles, and one of these also results in a variant with in vivo function intermediate to A and B. That mutation is an aspartic-acid-to-asparagine change that is two residues away from the Pro/Leu polymorphism responsible for the A / B dimertetramer quaternary shift. Structure-function relationships based on studies of human G6PD deficency-associated mutations predict that these last two amino acid changes fall within the protein domain responsible for NADP-binding.
Growth of Ba(Ti1-XZrX)O3 single crystal fibers by laser heated pedestal growth technique

Abstract Ba(Ti1-xZrx)O3 (x = 0.15 and 0.2) single crystal fibers were grown by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique. The XRD results show that the grown crystals are of single phase. Temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity, room temperature hysteresis loops and strain were measured. A broad permittivity peak was observed with the temperature of the dielectric constant maximum Tm ≌ 339 K for x = 0.15, and Tm = 310 K for x = 0.2. The data were in agreement with those of corresponding ceramics, indicating that the compositions of the single crystals were similar to those starting stoichiometry (ceramics). The remnant polarization of 8.5 and 4.0 μC/cm2 was obtained for x = 0.15 and 0.2, respectively. The strain level of ~0.065% and high field d33 of ~ 130 pC/N for x = 0.15 were obtained.
Kinetic paths in two order parameters: A Mössbauer spectrometry experiment with FeCoMo

Abstract Mossbauer spectrometry was used to measure short range correlations between 57Fe and Mo atoms, and between 57Fe and Co atoms in crystalline Fe-49 at.%Co-2 at.%Mo alloys. After a rapid quench from the melt, both types of correlations were characteristic of those of a nearly disordered alloy. After annealing, we found FeCo correlations characteristic of B2 order, and a Co-rich environment around Mo atoms. We found that the Warren-Cowley SRO parameters, αMo|Fe and αCo|Fe, do not change at the same relative rates when rapidly quenched specimens are annealed at different low temperatures. At lower temperatures we observe a smaller ratio, R(T), where R(T)≡ d d t α Mo|Fe d d t α Co| Because the critical temperature for B2 ordering in FeCoMo is only weakly dependent on Mo concentration, we attribute the temperature-dependence of R(T) to a high activation barrier for the diffusive jumps of Mo atoms.
Parent–Child Connectedness Mediates the Association Between Marital Conflict and Children’s Internalizing/Externalizing Outcomes

A number of studies of marital conflict have examined both parent- and child–reports of marital conflict and child outcomes, but additional research is needed to provide evidence for potential mechanisms of action explaining the association between marital conflict and child internalizing and externalizing outcomes. In the present study (N = 330 2-parent/child triads), we show that the connectedness of the parent–child relationship (as reported by parents, but not children) significantly mediated the effect of marital conflict on children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Our findings suggest that children’s perceptions are important when trying to understand the impact of marital conflict, but our results suggest that parent reports provide important, incremental insight and should not be overlooked.
Effects of Imitation and Nonimitation on Children's Subsequent Imitative Behavior.

Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the differential effects of imitating versus not imitating children on their subsequent tendency to imitate a model. Fifty-four kindergarten children matched on age and sex performed a simple three-choice task of feeding a “Cookie Monster.” There were four experimental conditions in which an adult female either imitated or did not imitate the child's performance and either verbalized or did not verbalize the sameness or difference of the adult's and the child's responses. After being imitated or not imitated, each child was given opportunities to imitate models provided by the adult. A three-way analysis of variance (imitation-nonimitation × verbalization-nonverbalization × sex) revealed only one significant F, that for the main effect of imitation. Children who were imitated copied the adult's models significantly more often than did children who were not imitated. The results are interpreted in the light of evidence that being imitated is reinforcing to...
Anesthetic considerations in a cardiac surgical patient with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease.

0 SLER-Weber-Rendu disease, otherwise known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), is an autosomal-dominant disease with an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 and a high penetrante. The homozygous trait causes a rapidly fatal disease,’ but the more common heterozygous trait causes a mild disease that usually presents in adulthood. There is no predilection for a specific race or cthnic group, and the severity of symptoms increases with advancing age.’ The disease is a fibrovascular dysplasia, characterized by a pathologie triad of telangiectases, arteriovenous malformations, and aneurysms that are widely distributed throughout the body. There is great variability both in the number of vascular lesions, and the severity of organ dysfunction that they produce. glucose, transaminases, total serum protein. and albumin ah to be within normal limits. Alkaline phosphatase was elevated at 179 IU (normal 30-110). The hemoglobin concentration was 14.0 gm dL, hematocrit was 42.X%, and the platelet count was 258,000 mm?. The prothrombin time (PT) was normal. but the PTT was prolonged at 40.4 sec (control value: 29.X sec), and the ftbrinogen was elevated at 515 mg/dL. The digoxin leve1 was 1.3 ng/mL (normal 0.8-2.1). Electrocardiography revealed a rate of 72 per minute, accelerated junctional rhythm with absent P waves. a normal QRS axis, marked voltage changes consistent with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and repolarization abnormalities.
Regional scale climate forcing of mesozooplankton dynamics in Chesapeake Bay

A 16-yr (1985–2000) time series of calanoid copepod (Acartia tonsa andEurytemora affinis) abundance in the upper Chesapeake Bay was examined for links to winter weather variability. A synthesis of sea level pressure data revealed ten dominant, winter weather patterns. Weather patterns differed in frequency of occurrence as well as associated precipitation and temperature. The two dominant copepod species responded differently to winter weather variability.A. tonsa abundance showed little response to winter weather and did not vary in abundance during wet or dry springs.E affinis responded strongly to winter weather patterns that produced springs with high freshwater discharge and low salinities. During wet springs,E. affinis abundance increased overall and its area of dominance extended further down estuary. The different response of the two species is likely related to several factors including residence time, development time, salinity tolerance, food limitation, and life history strategy. Important fish species that rely on zo oplankton as food resources were also related to winter weather variability and spring zooplankton abundance.Morone saxatilis (striped bass) andAnchoa mitchilli (bay anchovy) juvenile indices were positively and negatively correlated toE. affinis abundance, respectively. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A02BY003 00004
Thin-film tantalum-nitride resistor technology for phosphide-based optoelectronics

Abstract The phosphide material system is an important material system for both microelectronics and optoelectronics, but integrated circuit technology on InP substrates is immature. In this work, thin-film deposition techniques and resistor processing techniques to fabricate fine-line geometry resistors for InP-based electronics are reported. Deposition parameters for d.c. reactive sputtering of tantalum in an argon-nitrogen ambient to realize tantalum nitride thin films with 50 Ωp[ sheet resistance are optimized. The dependence of electrical properties, including resistivity, Seebeck ratio and temperature coefficient of resistivity, are reported for a wide range of nitrogen flow. In common with other electronic material systems, Seebeck ratio characterization is implemented for process control monitoring of phosphide-based electronics fabrication. Material composition as a function of nitrogen flow is determined by Rutherford backscattering and elastic recoil detection. Techniques to fabricate low resistance contacts to the TaN are discussed. The processes are demonstrated with the fabrication of high-density, two-dimensional arrays of photoreceivers based on amplifiers using the tantalum nitrate resistor technology.
Assessment of peripheral vascular disease by postocclusive transcutaneous oxygen recovery time

Abstract A method for assessing peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was developed from the pattern of transcutaneous oxygen (PtCO 2 ) changes after temporary limb ischemia induced by pneumatic blood pressure cuff occlusion. The transcutaneous oxygen recovery half-time (TORT) was defined as the time required to recover half of the decrease in the limb/chest PtCO 2 ratio produced by temporary limb ischemia. TORT was examined in subjects with and without significant PVD. Patients who underwent operative therapy for symptomatic PVD were studied before and after operation. Comparison was also made of the values of patients in whom therapy was successful in resolving symptoms vs. those in whom it was not. TORT was found to improve the diagnostic accuracy of PtCO 2 measurements to differentiate normal vs. PVD limbs and successful vs. unsuccessful results of therapy. Normal subjects uniformly had TORT values ≤1.5 minutes at both calf and foot positions; limbs with symptomatic PVD consistently had TORT values that were significantly longer in duration (p
Simultaneous kissing drug-eluting stent technique for percutaneous treatment of bifurcation lesions in large-size vessels

Treatment of bifurcation lesions is associated with high procedural complications and restenosis rate due to plaque shift, suboptimal angiographic results, difficulty in crossing the stent struts, and incomplete coverage of the side-branch ostium. The simultaneous kissing stent (SKS) technique involves two stents, one in main vessel (MV) and one in the side branch (SB) with overlapping stents in the MV proximally, extending proximally the carina of bifurcation. We analyzed our first 200 consecutive patients (202 lesions) who underwent SKS technique for true bifurcation lesions using sirolimus eluting stents, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Procedural success was 100% for MV and 99% for SB using SKS technique, with clinical success rate of 97%. In-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiac events were 3% and 5%, respectively, with a procedure time of 36 +/- 14 min. At mean follow-up of 9 +/- 2 months, the incidence of target lesion revascularization was 4% in the entire group. Therefore, SKS technique using sirolimus-eluting stents may become an effective treatment strategy for large-size bifurcation lesions. However, in order to establish its superiority, SKS technique needs to be compared in a randomized manner with conventional stent techniques.
Role of baryons in chiral-symmetry restoration at high temperature.

To help provide insight into the apparent remarkable rise in baryon susceptibility at the high-temperature phase transition in QCD, we study the three-dimensional lattice SU(2) chiral model at finite temperature. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which a rising susceptibility is a natural consequence of chiral-symmetry restoration in a nonlinear {sigma} model. Indeed the susceptibility, defined in terms of a discrete (nonconserved) version of the winding number, is found to rise rapidly in the vicinity of the phase transition, suggesting that a proliferation of baryons and antibaryons (i.e., Skyrmions) plays a significant role in the restoration of the chiral symmetry. These results support the idea that the cooling of the quark plasma could result in copious antibaryon production.
Selection of multinomial logit models via association rules analysis

In this research, we propose a novel approach for a multinomial logit model selection procedure: specifically, we apply association rules analysis to identifying potential interactions for multinomial logit modeling. Interaction effects are very common in reality, but conventional multinomial logit model selection methods typically ignore them. This is especially true for higher-order interactions. Here, we develop a model selection framework to address this problem. Specifically, we focus on building an optimal multinomial logit model by (1) exploring the combinations of input variables that have a significant impact on response (via association rules analysis); (2) selecting potential (low-order and high-order) interactions; (3) converting these potential interactions into new dummy variables; and (4) performing variable selections among all the input variables and the newly created dummy variables (interactions). Our model selection procedure is the first approach to provide a global search for potential interactions and establish the optimal combination of main effects and interaction effects in the multinomial logit model. In our investigation, we consider both simulated and real-life datasets, thereby confirming the effectiveness and efficiency of this method. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:68–77. doi: 10.1002/wics.1242
Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) of the scalp with extensive pilar differentiation.

background. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC), or sclerosing sweat duct tumor, is an uncommon, locally aggressive tumor. It typically involves the upper lip or face of middle-aged adults and rarely involves the scalp. It is characterized histologically by both pilar and eccrine differentiation and is associated with frequent perineural invasion. MAC is frequently misdiagnosed because of its bland and asymptomatic clinical presentation. In addition, its defining histologic features may be missed with a superficial biopsy. objective. To describe a case of MAC in the scalp treated with Mohs surgery. We describe a case with extensive pilar differentiation and clear cell changes. In addition, the clinical and histologic characteristics of this rare neoplasm are reviewed. methods. Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) was performed on this neoplasm. results. The tumor was successfully excised in one surgery (five stages) and is without evidence of recurrence at 18 months. conclusion. We present a case of MAC of the scalp in a 64-year-old white man treated successfully with MMS.
Centriole ciliation is related to quiescence and DNA synthesis in 3T3 cells

Abstract Both DNA and the centriole pairs are replicated once in each cell generation. The cyclic changes in both must be coordinated so that the two centriole pairs can participate in mitosis when the genetic material is to be partitioned to the two daughter cells. One of the centriole pairs also forms a primary ("9 + 0") cilium sometime during the cell cycle. In this study, we asked whether some aspects of the coordination of the DNA and centriole cycles occur in G 1 , a part of the cell cycle when non-neoplastic cells become irreversibly committed to DNA synthesis. We used indirect immunofluorescence with antitubulin antibody to reveal the centriole pairs as a microtubule organizing center with or without a cilium. Quiescent Balb/c and Swiss 3T3 cells in low serum or at high cell density stopped in G 1 with ciliated, probably unduplicated centrioles. When these quiescent 3T3 cells were stimulated to enter DNA synthesis, the centriole's ciliation changed in three phases: first, an initial but transient deciliation within 1–2 hr; second, a return of the cilium by 6–8 hr; and third, a subsequent final deciliation of the centriole coincident with the initiation of DNA synthesis at 12–24 hr. The deciliated and duplicated centrioles subsequently separated in preparation for mitosis. Together with other information, these results imply that centrioles in growing mammalian cells are primarily ciliated in a part of G 1 during which the cells can arrest in suboptimal environmental conditions. Arrests in low serum or at high cell density also occur before centriole replication. These results suggest that deciliation and duplication of the centriole may occur near the time that quiescent cells become irreversibly committed to DNA synthesis. Certain centriole events may therefore be necessary before DNA synthesis can be initiated in 3T3 cells.
Devices for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. Part III: Thermography, ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and electromyographic biofeedback

This last article in the three-part series on devices for the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) compared the claimed diagnostic usefulness of thermography with the present scientific evidence. In a similar manner, the therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound, electrical stimulation, and electromyographic biofeedback was also reviewed. This evaluation concluded that the application of thermography to the diagnosis of TMD is limited by variations within and among subjects and by intrinsic problems with controls of the test environment. It also concluded that evidence that therapeutic ultrasound alone is useful for the treatment of TMD is lacking, that positive clinical results of electrical stimulation may not be due to specific therapeutic effects, and that it is doubtful that the use of electrical stimulation devices can produce a position of the mandible that has any diagnostic or therapeutic significance. There is evidence, however, that relaxation training, assisted by EMG biofeedback, can reduce daytime muscle activity.
The Effects of Age on Medio-lateral Stability during Normal and Narrow Base Walking

We examined age-related differences in frontal plane stability during performance of narrow base (NB) walking relative to usual gait. A cross-sectional analysis of participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) was performed on data from the BLSA Motion Analysis Laboratory. Participants were thirty-four adults aged 54 to 92 without history of falls. We measured step error rates during NB gait and spatial-temporal parameters, frontal plane stability, and gait variability during usual and NB gait. There was a non-significant age-associated linear increase in step error rate (P = 0.12) during NB gait. With increasing age, step width increased (P=0.002) and step length and stride velocity decreased (P<0.001), especially during NB gait. Age-associated increases in medio-lateral (M-L) center of mass (COM) peak velocity (P<0.001) and displacement (P=0.005) were also greater during NB compared to usual gait. With increasing age there was greater variability in stride velocity (P=0.001) and step length (P<0.001) under both conditions. Age-associated differences related to M-L COM stability suggest that the quantification of COM control during NB gait may improve identification of older persons at increased falls risk.
Duality modules and Morita duality

Every duality between a full subcategory B of topological R-modules and a full subcategory D of Mod-S which contains S and is closed under isomorphisms is determined in a natural way by a bimodule RUS. This article examines the situation when D=Mod-S, in which case one gets a duality that may be considered as being one-half of a Morita duality.
A rapid and efficient procedure for transformation of intact Saccharomyces cerevisiae by electroporation.

Abstract A rapid and efficient procedure is described for transforming Saccharomyces cerevisiae using electroporation to render intact cells permeable to DNA. The technique uses relatively low voltages and is particularly sensitive to low concentrations of plasmid DNA. At the highest voltage used (400 volts), the frequency of transformation increased with the amount of plasmid DNA between 25 ng and 100 ng. At higher concentrations of DNA (1–1.5 μg) electroporation yielded one-third to one-half the number of transformants obtained with a standard lithium acetate pretreatment. Because this method requires neither pretreatment of cells nor addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), it has several advantages over currently used transformation procedures.
The importance of valencep functions in the bonding of Na2, K2, and Cu2 and their positive and negative ions

The relative importance of the valencep functions for describing the bonding in the valence isoelectronic Na2, K2, and Cu2 molecules and their positive and negative ions is investigated. In absolute magnitude the contribution of thep functions to the dissociation energy follows the trend Cu>Na>K while by percentage of the dissociation energy the importance of thep functions follows the polarizabilities, i.e. K>Na>Cu. The bonding in K2, K2+, and K2− is analyzed to explain the observed trends.