cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creatine and phosphate pools are maintained at energetically optimal levels in the heart during hypertrophic remodeling and heart failure

The ability of mitochondria to oxidatively synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate is compromised in the failing heart. Specifically, the magnitude of the free energy at which ATP is synthesized in heart failure is diminished compared to control. However the causal mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. Here we used computer simulation to analyze the impact of reduction in three cytoplasmic metabolic pools that is observed with hypertrophic remodeling and heart failure. Our simulations, which are validated based on in vivo data on phosphate metabolites in both the healthy and diseased heart, predict that, given a prescribed reduction in the total adenine nucleotide pool, the pools of total creatine and total exchangeable phosphate are maintained at levels that maintain the ATP hydrolysis potential of the heart at near the normal physiological value.
SHEAR LOCALIZATION IN HIGH-STRAIN-RATE DEFORMATION OF GRANULAR ALUMINA

Abstract Dynamic deformation of densified granular alumina of two different particle sizes was investigated by the radial symmetric collapse of a thick-walled cylinder. The densified granular alumina was used to model the flow in ballistic impact and penetration of fragmented ceramic armor. Shear localization was a well developed deformation mode at an overall radial strain of ∼0.2–0.4 and strain rate of 10 4 s −1 . The following qualitative features of shear bands were established: • Shear bands have clear boundaries and their thickness does not depend on the initial particle size and has a typical value ∼10 μm. • The structure of the shear bands was dependent on initial particle size, suggesting differences in the mechanisms of flow. For the ∼4 μm alumina, comminution (break-up) and softening of particles were observed. For the ∼0.4 μm particles, a peculiar structure consisting of a central crack with two lateral cracks was formed. • Distributions of shear bands and displacement magnitudes were dependent on initial particle size. The observed differences in powder behavior are associated with different mechanisms of powder repacking. For large particles (∼4 μm), additional hardening resulting from microfracture and subsequent repacking of different size particles in the powder takes place. The small-sized (∼0.4 μm) ceramic does not go through the particle fracturing stage and the hardening is due to “classical” repacking.
The Role of the Head and Neck Surgeon in the New World of Health Care Reform.

The landscape of health care delivery in the United States is in the midst of irreversible and progressive changes that present tremendous opportunities to do maximal good for patients. Clinicians must embrace this opportunity to ensure this redesign is done properly and to the benefit of patients—not the bottom line of the health system. This sweeping change in health care will also align the benefits of preventive care and public health with the economic health of health systems for the first time. Clincians will be incentivized to ensure that legislative environment fully supports efforts to create a healthier population—which for the American Head and Neck Society means a reduction or elimination of tobacco use and widespread HPV vaccination of children.
Use of a Mail-Out Continuing Education Article to Teach Health Professionals about Drug-Induced Disease

A U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)/Georgetown University Medical Center conference was the basis for "Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug-Induced Disease," the first MEDWATCH continuing education (CE) mail-out article. Developed as a major component of FDA MEDWATCH post-marketing surveillance outreach, the article used a clinical therapeutic approach to discuss topics including adverse drug events (ADEs) pharmacology and ADE reporting. Distributed nationwide through the MEDWATCH Partners, health professionals applied for CE credit by completing a self-assessment examination. With the overall response rate slightly more than 2%, 15,260 health professionals (55% physicians and 37% pharmacists) received CE credit. Evaluation of the initial approximately two-thirds (N = 10,021) of successfully completed exams found 99% agreement that stated learning objectives were met, and the article relevant to their clinical practice; spontaneous comments/letters were also very positive. The highest percentage responding specialists were internists (28%) and psychiatrists (17%), with notable differences found among specialties for response rate versus relative article distribution (such as relatively low response rates among surgeons and radiology/radiation physics specialists). The number of health professionals receiving CE credit, coupled with examination performance and overall response, indicates that "Clinical Therapeutics and the Recognition of Drug-Induced Disease" was well received and fulfilled learning objectives. The results provide encouragement for this continuing educational approach.
Syringomyelia: A Complication of an Underlying Pathology

Patients with syringomyelia may have diverse etiology and experience a variety of symptoms. This report describes two cases of syringomyelia in patients with different profiles, presentations and pathomechanisms. d oi:10.4021/jocmr2010.04.291w
Cell type-specific genes show striking and distinct patterns of spatial expression in the mouse brain

To characterize gene expression patterns in the regional subdivisions of the mammalian brain, we integrated spatial gene expression patterns from the Allen Brain Atlas for the adult mouse with panels of cell type-specific genes for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes from previously published transcriptome profiling experiments. We found that the combined spatial expression patterns of 170 neuron-specific transcripts revealed strikingly clear and symmetrical signatures for most of the brain’s major subdivisions. Moreover, the brain expression spatial signatures correspond to anatomical structures and may even reflect developmental ontogeny. Spatial expression profiles of astrocyte- and oligodendrocyte-specific genes also revealed regional differences; these defined fewer regions and were less distinct but still symmetrical in the coronal plane. Follow-up analysis suggested that region-based clustering of neuron-specific genes was related to (i) a combination of individual genes with restricted expression patterns, (ii) region-specific differences in the relative expression of functional groups of genes, and (iii) regional differences in neuronal density. Products from some of these neuron-specific genes are present in peripheral blood, raising the possibility that they could reflect the activities of disease- or injury-perturbed networks and collectively function as biomarkers for clinical disease diagnostics.
Microseismic Techniques — Basic and Applied Research

Microseismic Techniques — Basic and Applied Research. The phenomenon of microseismic activity appears to provide the basis for one of the most useful tools presently available in the field of rock mechanics. During the last six years the Rock Mechanics Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University has been involved in studies related to this phenomenon, and the present paper describes a number of the basic and applied research studies undertaken. Emphasis however will be on the applied aspects of these studies, including the use of microseismic activity in the laboratory to define failure in pressurized gas storage reservoir models, and in the field to study underground gas storage reservoir stability and to evaluate coal mine strata control techniques. A mobile laboratory has been under development in conjunction with the two field programs and a brief description of this laboratory is included.
Damming ephemeral streams in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona, USA: biogeomorphic analysis of riparian area growth

In this study, two ephemeral streams are compared in assessing bio-geomorphic change to channels intersected by the Central Arizona Project (CAP) canal. Water and sediment are fully or partially restricted to move downstream due to the CAP canal, which acts as a dam to these streams. Upstream of traversed channels, vegetation cover has increased over time causing the development of a green-up area. Along the canal, several channels remain longitudinally connected via culvert or overchute to the downstream sections of the stream channels. The two streams examined both had longitudinal connectivity, but only one of the streams had a green-up area upstream. Field work and channel surveys reveal that this is due to the culvert’s peak discharge outflow. The stream with a developed green-up area had a culvert size that is approximately three times less than the discharge of this ephemeral stream causing the partial damming upstream during flow events. Green-up zones slowly enlarge over time as bed levels and adjacent desert surface heights increase from continual sediment deposition upstream causing the floodplain to laterally increase due to overbank flooding. It is estimated that the green-up area for the partially dammed stream will increase by approximately 1570 m2 over the next 36 years. Suggestions for urban and agricultural development are presented in this paper in relation to these dynamic green-up areas. Understanding biogeomorphic processes along dammed ephemeral streams lends valuable insight to riparian conservation efforts and future urban development plans in desert regions.
Calcification and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis: Which Is the Chicken, and Which Is the Egg?

In this issue of the Journal, Joshi et al. [(1)][1] ask the question, “Does vascular calcification accelerate inflammation?” To answer this question, the authors performed a substudy using data from the dal-PLAQUE trial [(1)][1], which was a phase 2 randomized trial to determine the vascular
Efficiency of linear supply function bidding in electricity markets

We study the efficiency loss caused by strategic bidding behavior from power generators in electricity markets. In the considered market, the demand of electricity is inelastic, the generators submit their supply functions (i.e., the amount of electricity willing to supply given a unit price) to bid for the supply of electricity, and a uniform price is set to clear the market. We aim to understand how the total generation cost increases under strategic bidding, compared to the minimum total cost. Existing literature has answers to this question without regard to the network structure of the market. However, in electricity markets, the underlying physical network (i.e., the electricity transmission network) determines how electricity flows through the network and thus influences the equilibrium outcome of the market. Taking into account the underlying network, we prove that there exists a unique equilibrium supply profile, and derive an upper bound on the efficiency loss of the equilibrium supply profile compared to the socially optimal one that minimizes the total cost. Our upper bound provides insights on how the network topology affects the efficiency loss.
"Run for It!": Viewers' Participatory Responses to Film Narratives

The authors suggest that, as people experience narratives, they often generate mental responses that parallel responses they make when participating in real-world events. In 2 experiments, they used a think-aloud procedure to explore the range of such participatory responses that participants generated while viewing film excerpts. In Experiment 1, participants viewed film excerpts with sympathetic and unsympathetic characters. The authors used viewers’ responses to construct a taxonomy of participatory responses. In Experiment 2, they provided evidence that participatory responses are sensitive to narrative context. They manipulated the level of suspense for excerpts by providing or withholding information about potential negative outcomes and found that viewers generated more participatory responses during suspenseful than nonsuspenseful film excerpts. The authors propose that participatory responses play an important role in how people experience narratives and should be included within theories of narrative comprehension.
Electrochemical Properties of Nanocrystalline La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x Thin Films†

As part of an investigation of new cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, we have investigated several perovskite oxides with cobalt ions on the B sites in both bulk and thin film forms. Of particular interest is the composition La0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x (LSCO) which has exceptional properties for oxygen reduction at intermediate temperatures in ceria based fuel cells. Thin films of LSCO were deposited on both sides of a dense polycrystalline gadolinia doped ceria substrate by pulsed laser deposition under conditions that lead to the formation of nanocrystalline films. The electrochemical properties for oxygen reduction were determined in a symmetric electrochemical cell by alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy. The results were analyzed using the Adler−Lane−Steele (ALS) model to obtain the diffusion and surface exchange coefficients and the thermodynamic factor. We show that the thermodynamic factor, a measure of how easy it is to create oxygen vacancies, is much higher t...
Application of PBL combined with LBL in pharmacology teaching reform for traditional Chinese medicine speciality

According to the specialty characteristics of traditional chinese medicine,we have tried to reform the traditional teaching method and used the combined teaching method of PBL and LBL in pharmacology teaching.Teaching practices showed that the combined teaching method not only could promote the students' all-round development,but also could improve comprehensive quality of the teachers.In a word,the teaching reform maybe improve the teaching effects eventually.
Development of Simple Physics-Based Circuit Macromodel From PEEC

The evaluation of electromagnetic parasitics is important for electromagnetic interference within power electronics systems. Simple yet accurate physics-based lumped-circuit models of these parasitics can facilitate fast analysis and better understanding of the system performance. Methods exist to reduce complex electromagnetic models to much simpler representations but, while they speed up calculation, they do not preserve physicality. In this paper, a methodology is developed for obtaining a simplified SPICE circuit from a large-scale partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) model, where there is a clear correlation between geometry and parasitic circuit elements. To preserve correlation between equivalent circuits and physical geometry, reduction is done first for inductance and resistance; then, reduction is performed for capacitance using nodes from the reduced LR model. The reduced model gives a better insight into the causes of and possible solutions to electromagnetic problems and can be used to improve the design. The method was validated on real power electronics geometries using frequency-dependent behavior of port impedances and admittances. The initial PEEC model for this example contained approximately 10 645 unknowns and was reduced to 195 elements. The calculated and measured impedances agree within 0.1 dB up to 200 MHz.
The quark spin structure of the nucleon

Some non-perturbative aspects of the nucleon quark spin structure are reviewed. The first part is a brief summary of early theoretical developments in the field of polarized deep inelastic scattering of electrons on polarized nucleons and an illustration of the non-perturbative power of lattice QCD 25 years later. The second part is a short pedagogical introduction to the analysis of high energy scattering in the complex angular momentum plane, with particular emphasis on spin-dependent deep inelastic electron-nucleon scattering. The third part comprises a brief introduction to lattice QCD and its applications in the non-perturbative determination of the spin-dependent structure functions.
Autonomous control for mechanically stable navigation of microscale implants in brain tissue to record neural activity

Emerging neural prosthetics require precise positional tuning and stable interfaces with single neurons for optimal function over a lifetime. In this study, we report an autonomous control to precisely navigate microscale electrodes in soft, viscoelastic brain tissue without visual feedback. The autonomous control optimizes signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of single neuronal recordings in viscoelastic brain tissue while maintaining quasi-static mechanical stress conditions to improve stability of the implant-tissue interface. Force-displacement curves from microelectrodes in in vivo rodent experiments are used to estimate viscoelastic parameters of the brain. Using a combination of computational models and experiments, we determined an optimal movement for the microelectrodes with bidirectional displacements of 3:2 ratio between forward and backward displacements and a inter-movement interval of 40 s for minimizing mechanical stress in the surrounding brain tissue. A regulator with the above optimal bidirectional motion for the microelectrodes in in vivo experiments resulted in significant reduction in the number of microelectrode movements (0.23 movements/min) and longer periods of stable SNR (53 % of the time) compared to a regulator using a conventional linear, unidirectional microelectrode movement (with 1.48 movements/min and stable SNR 23 % of the time).
Properties of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3

In this chapter I will present the fundamentals of the studied systems. I will begin by identifying the crystal structure of each system as well as their point and space group symmetries. From there I will move on to a review of measurements of the bulk vibrational structure using Raman, IR, and inelastic neutron scattering spectroscopies. Additionally, I will present recent ARPES measurements of the surface electronic structure that clearly indicate the presence of chiral DFQs, whose interaction with phonons is the main topic of this dissertation.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with Reduced-Intensity, Fludarabine-Based Conditioning in Relapsed and Refractory Hodgkin’s Disease: Low Transplant-Related Mortality and Impact of Intensity of Conditioning Regimen on Survival.

Forty patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s disease (HD) underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) following a fludarabine-based conditioning regimen from an HLA-identical sibling (n=20) or a matched unrelated donor (n=20). The median age was 31 years (range 18-58). The median number of chemotherapy regimens received prior to allo-SCT was five (range 2-9). Thirty (75%) and thirty (75%) patients had received prior radiotherapy or a prior autologous SCT, respectively. The median time to progression after autologous SCT was nine months (3–52). Disease status at SCT was refractory relapse (n=14) or sensitive relapse (n=26). The conditioning regimens employed were fludarabine (25 mg/m sq IV x 5 days)-cyclophosphamide (1 g/m sq IV x 3 days) ± antithymocyte globulin (30 mg/kg IV x 3 days) (FC±ATG) (n=14), a less intensive regimen, and fludarabine (25 mg/m sq IV x 5 days) -melphalan (70 mg/m sq IV x 2 days) (FM) (n=26), a more intensive one. The two groups had similar demographics and prognostic factors. Chimerism studies indicated 100% donor-derived engraftment in 26/26 (100%) FM patients and in 9/13 (69%) evaluable FC±ATG patients. Day 100 and cumulative (18-month) transplant-related mortality (TRM) were 5 % and 22%, respectively for the whole group. There was a nonsignificant trend towards a lower cumulative TRM in the FM group (18% vs. 30% at 18 months, p=0.2). The cumulative incidence of acute (grade II-IV) GVHD was 38%. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 18 months was 69%. There was a trend for a lower relapse rate after the occurrence of GVHD, however, this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio 0.8; p= 0.6). Progression rates were similar in the FM and FC patients (53% vs. 57% respectively at 18 months, p=0.4). However, disease progression occurred later in FM patients (range 2–34 months) than in FC patients (range 0.7–13 months). In addition, with comparable follow-up time after progression, the FM group experienced a lower death rate after progression. Twenty-four patients (60%) are alive (fourteen in complete remission) with a median follow-up of 13 months (4–78). Sixteen patients expired (TRM n=8, disease progression n=8). FM patients had significantly better overall survival (73% vs. 39% at 18 months; p=0.03), and a trend towards better progression-free survival (37% vs. 21% at 18 months; p=0.2). We conclude that allo-SCT with fludarabine-based, less intensive conditioning from matched related and unrelated donors are feasible in high-risk HD patients with a low TRM. The intensity of the preparative regimen affects survival.
Actors Act. Directors Direct. Producers … Produce? Mel Brooks’s The Producers and the Creation of an Archetype

Mel Brooks’s 1968 film The Producers and its musical versions (2001, stage; 2005, film) tell the tale of two fictional producers, Max Bialystock and Leo Bloom. Brooks’s visions offer a great deal of information about the reputation of producers as both artistic creators and businessmen. Brooks shows Broadway musical producers as being Jewish, male, and interested in making a lot of money and offers images into what a producer does and how the profession has been crafted and disseminated through his immensely popular film and musical.
Mandatory Disclosure: A Behavioral Analysis

Mandatory disclosure is a defining characteristic of U.S. securities regulation. Issuers selling securities in a public offering must file a registration statement with the SEC containing detailed disclosures, and thereafter comply with the periodic disclosure regime. This regime has been highly controversial among legal academics. Some scholars argue market forces will produce optimal levels of disclosure in a regime of voluntary disclosure, while others argue that various market failures necessitate a legal mandatory disclosure system. To date, however, both sides in this debate have assumed, inter alia, that market actors rationally pursue wealth maximization goals. In contrast, this paper draws on the emergent behavioral economics literature to ask whether systematic departures from rationality, such as herd behavior or the status quo bias, might result in a capital market failure. The paper concludes that such a market failure could occur, especially in emerging markets, but also contends that one should not jump to the conclusion that legal intervention in the form of a mandatory disclosure system is necessary, especially insofar as the highly evolved U.S. capital markets are concerned. The paper concludes with a cautionary note against the potential for behavioral economics to be glibly invoked as a justification for government intervention.
Communicating: Achieving Buy-In from Key Stakeholders

“Social marketing,” as it has traditionally been viewed, refers to efforts to persuade people to engage in behaviors that benefit both themselves and society. When you persuade people to wear sunscreen religiously, you are protecting them from skin cancer and you are also saving others the expense of having to pay higher insurance premiums or higher taxes to cover the costs that health care providers or governments incur when treating people for skin cancer. Although the term “social marketing” has recently been used to describe marketing efforts that make use of social media like Facebook, I am more comfortable with the old meaning and have spent a good part of my career doing research and teaching on this topic. I have worked on problems like how to persuade people to avoid drinking and driving, cease smoking, eat more fruits and vegetables, limit their use of credit, and get mammograms and other cancer screening tests.
Farmer Interest in and Uses of Climate Forecasts for Florida and the Carolinas: Conditional Perspectives of Extension Personnel

AbstractIn baseline surveys that were conducted in Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina, extension personnel were asked whether, how, and which farmers would use climate forecasts to manage production and other aspects of their agribusinesses. In making such assessments extensionists use their expertise to account for, the authors assume, net benefits to farmers of the forecasts, given any help that they also expect to provide their clients. Models of conditional probabilities are estimated to show how the assessments depend on the expertise and other characteristics of the extensionist and her clientele. For example, if a person has worked at least 7 years in extension, she is more likely to agree or strongly agree that farmers are interested in using climate forecasts. An extensionist who works with field crop producers is more likely than one who does not to think that a farmer can use climate forecasts to improve planting schedules, harvest planning, crop selection, nutrient management, and lan...
Storm phase–partitioned rates and budgets of global Alfvénic energy deposition, electron precipitation, and ion outflow

Abstract We review the role of Alfven waves in magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling during geomagnetically active periods, and use three years of high-latitude FAST satellite observations of inertial Alfven waves (IAWs) together with 55 years of tabulated measurements of the Dst index to answer the following questions: 1) How do global rates of IAW-related energy deposition, electron precipitation, and ion outflow during storm main phase and storm recovery phase compare with global rates during geomagnetically quiet periods? 2) What fraction of net IAW-related energy deposition, electron precipitation, and ion outflow is associated with storm main phase and storm recovery phase; that is, how are these budgets partitioned by storm phase? We find that during the period between October 1996 and November 1999, rates of IAW-related energy deposition, electron precipitation, and ion outflow during geomagnetically quiet periods are increased by factors of 4–5 during storm phases. We also find that ∼ 62–68% of the net Alfvenic energy deposition, electron precipitation, and ion outflow in the auroral ionosphere occurred during storm main and recovery phases, despite storm phases comprising only 31% of this period. In particular storm main phase, which comprised less than 14% of the three-year period, was associated with roughly a third of the total Alfvenic energy input and ion outflow in the auroral ionosphere. Measures of geomagnetic activity during the IAW study period fall near corresponding 55-year median values, from which we conclude that each storm phase is associated with a fraction of total Alfvenic energy, precipitation, and outflow budgets in the auroral ionosphere that is, in the long term, probably as great or greater than the fraction associated with geomagnetic quiescence for all times except possibly those when geomagnetic activity is protractedly weak, such as solar minimum. These results suggest that the budgets of IAW-related energy deposition, electron precipitation, and ion outflow are roughly equally partitioned by geomagnetic storm phase.
Molecular Basis of Gut Microbiome-Associated Colorectal Cancer: A Synthetic Perspective.

A significant challenge toward studies of the human microbiota involves establishing causal links between bacterial metabolites and human health and disease states. Certain strains of commensal Escherichia coli harbor the 54-kb clb gene cluster which codes for small molecules named precolibactins and colibactins. Several studies suggest colibactins are genotoxins and support a role for clb metabolites in colorectal cancer formation. Significant advances toward elucidating the structures and biosynthesis of the precolibactins and colibactins have been made using genetic approaches, but their full structures remain unknown. In this Perspective we describe recent synthetic efforts that have leveraged biosynthetic advances and shed light on the mechanism of action of clb metabolites. These studies indicate that deletion of the colibactin peptidase ClbP, a modification introduced to promote accumulation of precolibactins, leads to the production of non-genotoxic pyridone-based isolates derived from the diversi...
Motions with Constant Stretch History

The simple material may have a long memory. Deformations undergone an arbitrarily long time ago may continue to affect and alter the present stress. With such complicated material response possible, the solution of particular problems may be extremely difficult, indeed unfeasible. There are particular motions, however, in which memory effects are given little chance to manifest themselves, because there is little to remember.
Interaction-Based Tracking of Program Entities for Test Case Evolution

After changes are made to a system, developers typically perform regression testing to uncover the regression faults in previously existing functionality of the system. However, during software evolution, the program entities (i.e., classes/methods) realizing such functionality might be modified/replaced by other entities. Thus, in the new version, existing test cases containing obsolete class references or method calls might be broken or might not test the intended functionality. To repair the broken method calls in those test cases, for each obsolete class/method, a tester needs to find the corresponding entity that provides the same/similar function or has the same role in the new version. To automate that task, we present ITRACK, a novel tool for matching program entities across versions, which mainly relies on their interactions in the code. The key idea is that the role and functionality of an entity correlate with its interactions with other entities (e.g., how it uses or is used by others). Two entities in two versions are matched based on the similarity of their interactions with other entities in the respective versions via our novel iterative matching algorithm. Our empirical evaluation shows that ITRACK achieves from 84–99% accuracy in identifying the calls in previous test cases that need to be adapted in accordance with the replacements of entities and provide such matching to support repairing broken method calls.
Blocking, Neural Basis of

The modern views on associative learning and memory have been profoundly influenced by the classical conditioning phenomenon of blocking. Specifically, blocking revealed that the informational relationship, rather than the temporal relationship, between stimuli is essential for the formation of associative constructs in animals and humans. Empirical and theoretical works have identified key characteristics and potential neural mechanisms of blocking in the mammalian brain systems.
Concept labeling: building text classifiers with minimal supervision

The rapid construction of supervised text classification models is becoming a pervasive need across many modern applications. To reduce human-labeling bottlenecks, many new statistical paradigms (e.g., active, semi-supervised, transfer and multi-task learning) have been vigorously pursued in recent literature with varying degrees of empirical success. Concurrently, the emergence of Web 2.0 platforms in the last decade has enabled a world-wide, collaborative human effort to construct a massive ontology of concepts with very rich, detailed and accurate descriptions. In this paper we propose a new framework to extract supervisory information from such ontologies and complement it with a shift in human effort from direct labeling of examples in the domain of interest to the much more efficient identification of concept-class associations. Through empirical studies on text categorization problems using the Wikipedia ontology, we show that this shift allows very high-quality models to be immediately induced at virtually no cost.
Female Sexual Offenders

“Women don’t do such things!” (Wijkman, Bijleveld, & Hendriks, 2010) is a declaration that accurately captures societal and cultural resistance to recognizing that women commit sex crimes. Historically, sexual offending has largely been associated with men for various reasons. In part, this association is driven by public panics that stem from intense media depictions of male sexual offenders who commit serious, albeit rare, sex crimes such as a rape-murder against strangers, specifically children victims (Jenkins, 1998; Zgoba, 2004). In addition, the observation that women sexually offend goes against normative sexual scripts we ascribe to gender, such as the stereotype that women are sexually passive and are unwilling, or possibly unable, to commit such crimes due to their delicate and nurturing nature (Denov, 2003, 2004a). In contrast, men are viewed as possessing stronger sexual drives as well the physical capability to carry out such crimes, which is a more intuitive logic that explains their sexual offending (Denov, 2003, 2004a). Given the historical resistance to recognizing female sexual offending, a recent study found approximately 65% of respondents disagreed or strongly disagreed that female-perpetrated sex crimes were less serious than sex crimes committed by men (Cain, Sample, & Anderson, 2015). This suggests public perceptions of female sexual offenders are shifting. It is unknown whether these perceptions are driven by media depictions of female sexual offenders, but it highlights that the public is beginning to recognize the severity of sex crimes committed by women.
Factors affecting availability for detection: An example using radio-collared Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).

Avian monitoring strategies are usually linked to bird singing or calling behavior. Individual availability for detection can change as a result of conspecific factors affecting bird behavior, though the magnitude of these effects is difficult to quantify. We evaluated behavioral and temporal factors affecting Northern Bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) breeding season individual availability for detection during three common survey times (3 min, 5 min, 10 min). We conducted 10-minute surveys associated with radio-collared male Northern Bobwhites on Peabody Wildlife Management Area, Kentucky, from 2010–2011. We homed to within 50 m of radio-collared males and recorded number of distinct Northern Bobwhite whistles (singing rate) per 1-minute interval, number of other males calling during the survey, minutes-since-sunrise, and day-of-season. We also recorded the number of minutes during a 10-minute survey that radio-collared male Northern Bobwhites called. We used logistic regression to estimate availability of radio-collared individuals for 3-minute, 5-minute, and 10-minute surveys. We also modeled number of minutes during 10-minute surveys that radio-collared Northern Bobwhites called, and we modeled singing rate. Individual availability for detection of radio-collared individuals during a 10-minute survey increased by 100% when at least 1 other Northern Bobwhite called during a survey (6.5% to 13.1%) and by 626% when 6 other Northern Bobwhites were calling (6.5% to 47.6%). Individual availability was 30% greater for 10-minute surveys than 5-minute surveys or 55% greater for 10-minute surveys than 3-minute surveys. Northern Bobwhite called most (2.8 ± 0.66 minutes/10-min survey) and at a greater rate (11.8 ± 1.3 calls/10-min period) when at least 5 other Northern Bobwhites called. Practitioners risk biasing population estimates low if individual availability is unaccounted for because species with low populations will not be stimulated by other calling males, are less likely to call, call less frequently, and call fewer times per minute, reducing their individual availability and likelihood to be counted on a survey even when they are present.
An intentional interpretive perspective

To the extent that the concept of intention has been addressed within behavior analysis, descriptions of intention have been general and have not specifically included important distinctions that differentiate a behavior-analytic approach from vernacular definitions of intention. A fundamental difference between a behavior-analytic approach and most other psychological approaches is that other approaches focus on the necessity of intentions to explain behavior, whereas a behavior-analytic approach is directed at understanding the interplay between behavior and environment. Behavioranalytic interpretations include the relations between the observer’s behavior and the environment. From a behavior-analytic perspective, an analysis of the observer’s interpretations of an individual’s behavior is inherent in the subsequent attribution of intention. The present agenda is to provide a behavior-analytic account of attributing intention that identifies the establishing conditions for speaking of intention. Also addressed is the extent to which we speak of intentions when the observed individual’s behavior is contingency shaped or under instructional control.
Pathophysiology of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoglobulins

The presence of elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immunoglobulin G (IgG) in central nervous system (CNS) syphilis with a resultant abnormal colloidal gold curve was the first use of the immune response to an infectious agent in the nervous system to diagnose that condition. Today, our laboratory tests are more specific, and evidence is overwhelming for CNS synthesis of immunoglobulins in a number of conditions. The presence of this abnormality is not pathognomonic of any particular disease, nor by itself sufficient to define an immunological or infectious etiology, but by statistical inference has provided clues to such an etiology in degenerative diseases of the nervous system with unknown pathophysiology. The following review of the literature may well contain some obsolete theoretical views by the time it reaches the reader’s hands, but in that case it will at least provide a historical record of this rapidly moving field. The disproportionate emphasis on multiple sclerosis (MS) reflects the volume of literature as well as the authors’ special interests.
“What If I Am a Woman?”: Black Feminist Rhetorical Strategies of Intersectional Identification and Resistance in Maria Stewart’s Texts

In this essay, I argue that an analysis of Maria W. Stewart’s rhetorical choices extends her legacy as an early proponent of the intersectionality of African American female identity. She uses casu...
Gastrointestinal Helminths from Three Species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Philippines

In an attempt to add to our knowledge of the biodiversity of helminths infecting Philippine amphibians, three species of dicroglossid frogs (Dicroglossidae) were examined for helminths: Limnonectes macrocephalus (n = 5), L. visayanus (n=5), and L. woodworthi (n=5). Wefound four species of Nematoda (Abbreviata bufonis, Aplectana samarensis, Falcaustra dubia, and Seuratascaris numidica) and one species of Acanthocephala, Peudoacanthocephalus bufonis. Falcaustria dubia in L. macrocephalus had the greatest mean intensity of infection (15.5±2.1 SD). Rather than possessing a unique helminth fauna, dicroglossid frogs from the Philippines are infected by generalist helminths that also infect other species of frogs. Twelve new host records are reported.
Prevalence and Correlates of Depressive Symptoms Among International Students: Implications for University Support Offices

International students often experience significant challenges and difficulties adjusting to their new campus and university environment abroad. As a result, understanding the unique needs of these students has become an important priority for many university administrators and mental health professionals amid growing health concerns faced by members of this community. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in a sample of international students enrolled in a mid-size U.S. university. A hierarchical multiple regression model revealed that poor English fluency, increased acculturative stress, and perceived discrimination were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms, whereas increased social support was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms. Implications for university administration and support services are discussed.
Structural, Thermal, and Thermomechanical Behaviors of Phenolic-Inorganic Hybrid Composites

In pursuit of our goal of forming organic-inorganic hybrid frictional materials, we produced two types of composites, i.e., conventional and hybrid. We formed conventional composites by dispersing fly ash, montmorillonite clay, or pre-formed nano-sized silica particles in phenolic matrix. Hybrid composites were fabricated from sol-gel technique using tetramethylor-thosilicate-phenolic mixtures. We subjected our samples to X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in-situ transmission-Fourier transform infrared (ISTA-FTIR), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) measurements at 40°C < T < 310°C. Our results suggested that the curing behavior of the phenolic polymer was affected by the concentration of the silica and hybrid composites manifested mechanical properties, which were substantially different from that of conventional composites.
Global Repair Profile of Human Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase on Nucleosomes Reveals DNA Packaging Effects.

Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is the only known human glycosylase capable of excising alkylated purines from DNA, including the highly mutagenic 1,N6-ethenoadenine (eA) lesion. Here, we examine the ability of AAG to excise eA from a nucleosome core particle (NCP), which is the primary repeating unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes. Using chemical synthesis techniques, we assembled a global population of NCPs in which A is replaced with eA. While each NCP contains no more than one eA lesion, the total population contains eA in 49 distinct geometric positions. Using this global eA-containing NCP system, we obtained kinetic parameters of AAG throughout the NCP architecture. We observed monophasic reaction kinetics across the NCP, but varying amounts of AAG excision. AAG activity is correlated with solution accessibility and local histone architecture. Notably, we identified some highly solution-accessible lesions that are not repaired well, and an increase in repair within the region of asymmetric unwrapping of the nucleosomal DNA end. These observations support in vivo work and provide molecular-level insight into the relationship between repair and NCP architecture.
Developing a Shared Vision for Change: Moving toward Inclusive Empowerment

Shared vision is an important process for change projects, serving to amplify success, increase participation, and erode the divide between project leaders and constituents. Yet there are few empirical examinations of the process of building shared vision within academic departments. Using focus groups and participant observation, this study examines shared vision development within 13 large-scale change projects in engineering and computer science higher education. We find that teams of faculty, staff, administrators, and students built shared vision with stakeholders through co-orientation, formational communication, and recognition of stakeholder autonomy. Our results delineate practices for developing shared vision for academic change projects and demonstrate the benefits of inclusive stakeholder empowerment.
Experimental study on protecting rusting inside an enclosed laser cavity

A serious rust phenomenon has been observed in an enclosed laser cavity. To figure out the reason which induces the rust, some experiments were carried out by recording the variation of the temperature and relative humidity at different positions. Thus, the vapor density can be numerically deduced by using the measured physical features. To avoid the undesirable rust phenomena occurring again, the exchange windows were chiseled out on an inner cover of the enclosed laser cavity in order to decrease the difference between the vapor density inside the cover and that outside the cover, which relates to the efficiency of dehumidification. The results validate that such a difference of the vapor density is a function of the area of exchange windows. Then, the curves of the vapor density versus the area of exchange windows have been plotted. It has been demonstrated that adding the area of exchange windows, which were pasted by some particulate air filters to prevent external dust particles from entering, on an inner cover might be a feasible method to avoid rust near the water cooling elements. Such a study might be useful for laser technicians to pay much more attention to the protection of undesirable vapor-induced rusting.
Bacterial Quorum Sensing During Infection

Bacteria are highly interactive and possess an extraordinary repertoire of intercellular communication and social behaviors, including quorum sensing (QS). QS has been studied in detail at the molecular level, so mechanistic details are well understood in many species and are often involved in virulence. The use of different animal host models has demonstrated QS-dependent control of virulence determinants and virulence in several human pathogenic bacteria. QS also controls virulence in several plant pathogenic species. Despite the role QS plays in virulence during animal and plant laboratory-engineered infections, QS mutants are frequently isolated from natural infections, demonstrating that the function of QS during infection and its role in pathogenesis remain poorly understood and are fruitful areas for future research. We discuss the role of QS during infection in various organisms and highlight approaches to better understand QS during human infection. This is an important consideration in an era of growing antimicrobial resistance, when we are looking for new ways to target bacterial infections.
Racial and ethnic disparities in hospital observation in Maryland

Abstract Objectives Hospital observation is a key disposition option from the emergency department (ED) and encompasses up to one third of patients requiring post-ED care. Observation has been associated with higher incidence of catastrophic financial costs and has downstream effects on post-discharge clinical services. Yet little is known about the non-clinical determinants of observation assignment. We sought to evaluate the impact of patient-level demographic factors on observation designation among Maryland patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all ED encounters in Maryland between July 2012 and January 2017 for four priority diagnoses (heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], pneumonia, and acute chest pain) using multilevel logistic models allowing for heterogeneity of the effects across hospitals. The primary exposure was self-reported race and ethnicity. The primary outcome was the initial status assignment from the ED: hospital observation versus inpatient admission. Results Across 46 Maryland hospitals, 259,788 patient encounters resulted in a disposition of inpatient admission (65%) or observation designation (35%). Black (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.23) and Hispanic (aOR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01–1.21) patients were significantly more likely to be placed in observation than white, non-Hispanic patients. These differences were consistent across the majority of acute-care hospitals in Maryland (27/46). Conclusion Black and Hispanic patients in Maryland are more likely to be treated under the observation designation than white, non-Hispanic patients independent of clinical presentation. Race agnostic, time-based status assignments may be key in eliminating these disparities.