cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Do corporate insiders circumvent insider trading regulations? The case of stock repurchases

We use calculated values of standardized abnormal insider trading activity to investigate for patterns of unusual insider activity around fixed-price and Dutch auction repurchase announcements. Firms are classified according to whether the repurchase is signaling information about future cash flows, about the distribution of excess free cash flows, or about management's attempts to maintain control in the presence of a takeover. We find below normal levels of sales well before the event and above normal levels of sales after the event. This tendency is strongest for fixed-price offers and for firm's conveying information about future cash flows, and is absent for firms involved in takeovers. No evidence exists of abnormal levels of purchases before or after the event. We interpret the evidence as consistent with insiders successfully circumventing policies and regulations designed to prevent the exploitation of private information by timing the pattern of their security sales.
Materials science: Nanotubes sorted using DNA

A vast number of DNA sequences are possible, and so finding the few that bind to a particular non-DNA entity is a daunting task. A systematic search algorithm has found sequences that target specific carbon nanotubes.
The textural promotion of metallic iron by alumina

Abstract Textural promotion of iron catalysts, i.e., maintenance of high specific areas of reduced iron samples, is achieved by dissolved Al2O3 into Fe3O4 prior to reduction. A 10.2 wt% A12O3 in Fe3O4 sample with a known surface composition in the reduced state was investigated to determine the mode of textural promotion of reduced iron by alumina. The amount of Fe2+ inside the reduced iron crystallites was determined to be approx 1 wt% by Mossbauer effect spectroscopy. X-Ray line broadening indicated a 61 ± 3-nm crystal size in agreement with the BET particle size of the same sample. The paracrystallinity following Hosemann was determined to be 0.6, a value in agreement with an empirical correlation between particle size and paracrystallinity. All data presented here are compatible with Hosemann's view that molecular inclusions of FeAl2O4 in the iron lattice are responsible for textural promotion. Since particle size is inversely proportional to specific surface area, paracrystallinity may be a dominant cause of textural promotion in our case. Another cause may be a patchy monolayer of alumina at the surface of the iron particles, preventing sintering by a “skin” effect.
The thermodynamics of the LaNi5-H2 system by differential heat flow calorimetry I: Techniques; the α + β two-phase region

Abstract The use of a heat flow calorimeter with the differential twin cell configuration to study intermetallic compound-hydrogen reactions is described. The techniques of calibration and operation of both the gas titration system and the calorimeter, which are required to obtain high precision enthalpies, are described and discussed. Enthalpies for the reaction in the two-phase region of the LaNi5-H2 system are independent of the overall composition but exhibit a small hysteresis with ΔHabs = −32.30 ± 0.07 kJ (mol H2)−1ΔHdes = 31.83 ± 0.09 kJ (mol H2)−1 where ΔHabs is the enthalpy of absorption, ΔHdes is the enthalpy of desorption and the errors are the standard deviations. The value of ΔHdes is the best value for the enthalpy of reaction between equilibrium phases with a total probable error of ±0.5 kJ (mol H2)−1.
Cathode effects on thrust subsystem performance predictability.

Development of a model of mercury vapor electron bombardment thrustor hollow cathode operation. The proposed model predicts that the primary electron emission mechanism is thermionic when sufficient low work function material is present, that the cathode is heated by power extracted from the plasma to a temperature sufficient to emit the current demanded by the external circuit; that for a given total arc current, attempts to reduce cathode temperature by changes in the external thermal coupling will affect only the amount of power extracted from the plasma; and that depletion of low work function material in the cathode results in higher cathode temperature.
CD20 and CD5 expression in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia

In order to quantitate a previously noted decrease in CD20 fluorescence intensity (FI) on B-CLL lymphocytes, binding capacities [BC x 10(3) +/- 1SD = number of antibodies bound per cell] were calculated. The mean (N = 5) BC x 10(3) +/- 1SD of CD20 reagents for normal B-PBL and B-CLL lymphocytes confirmed this observation. B-PBL and B-CLL were 56 +/- 11 and 61 +/- 14, and 19 +/- 15 and 18 +/- 16, respectively, for Leu 16 and B1. Although adequate compensation standards for the determination of CD5 and CD20 coexpression are not available, qualitatively, the density of CD5 on both normal B-PBL and B-CLL is less compared to the expression of CD5 by normal T cells. CD5 expression on B-CLL seems to be linked to the lower levels of CD20, whereas CD5 expression may appear to be absent on CLL lymphocytes expressing normal levels of CD20. Levels of CD20 in B-CLL suggest involvement of one or two genes (alleles) whose decreased expression may be linked to CD5 expression.
CROSSING RELATIONS FOR HELICITY AMPLITUDES

Abstract Crossing relations for helicity amplitudes for particles of arbitrary spin are formulated without recourse to the introduction of scalar amplitudes. The basic assumption is that the amplitudes are simply related by analytic continuation; the path of continuation is carefully specified. The relations are given a simple geometrical interpretation. The relation between πN → πN and ππ → N N obtained in this way agrees with that obtained by direct elimination of scalar amplitudes.
Urine Biomarkers Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Newborns

Objective To identify urine biomarkers predictive of acute kidney injury (AKI) in infants admitted to level 2 and 3 neonatal intensive care units with birth weight >2000 g and 5-minute Apgar score ≤7. Study design A nested case-control study was performed comparing 8 candidate urine AKI biomarkers in infants with AKI (defined as a rise in serum creatinine of at least 0.3 mg/dL or a serum creatinine elevation ≥1.7 mg/dL persisting for 3 days) and 24 infants from the described cohort without AKI. Urine was analyzed for neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin, osteopontin, cystatin C, albumin, β 2 microglobulin, epithelial growth factor, uromodulin (UMOD), and kidney injury molecule 1. Results Compared with the infants without AKI, those with AKI had higher levels of urine cystatin C (1123 pg/mL [95% CI, 272-4635 pg/mL] vs 90 pg/mL [95% CI, 39-205 pg/mL]; P P P = .003; AUC=0.82). Although the differences were not statistically significant, levels of urine neutrophil–associated gelatinase lipocalin, kidney injury molecule 1, and osteopontin trended higher in infants with AKI. Conclusion Urinary biomarkers can predict AKI in neonates admitted to level 2 and 3 neonatal intensive care units.
Quality of life indicators

Quality of life is considered to be a function of biophysical, environmental and social conditions. No system of quality of life indicators has been developed as yet, however some progress has been made lately to this end. Methods appropriate for designing quality ot life indexes are suggested in this paper. Such indexes could be used to evaluate different quality of life aspects and make comparisons over space and time. An indicative list of quality of life indicators, grouped in the following categories, is given: air quality, water quality, soil quality, natural, conditions and hazards, shelter quality, urbanization, communications, nutrition, health, education, economic conditions, security, social, leisure/recreation. Furthermore, the impact of the size of cities on the magnitude of the following quality of life indicators has been investigated: total crime, murders and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny ($50 and over), auto theft, congestion, ave...
Chekanov–Eliashberg invariant of Legendrian knots: existence of augmentations

Abstract An explicit and easy-to-check condition sufficient for the existence of an augmentation in the Chekanov–Eliashberg algebra of a Legendrian knot is given in terms of the front diagram. Many new examples of Legendrian knots distinguishable by the linearized version of the Chekanov–Eliashberg invariant are provided.
Electrical resistance study of the melting and the liquid state of tin at 1 atm in air

Abstract The melting of tin is reported to be accompanied by a sharp increase in resistance at 1 atm in air , and at high pressures up to at least 31 kbar (the triple point), as reported previously. (1) At temperatures somewhat above the melting point at 1 atm in air the electrical resistance vs temperature characteristics show a reversible anomalous region in which the temperature coefficient of resistance is negative over a range of 30 to 70°C. At higher temperatures at high pressure there are suggestions of an additional anomaly in the liquid state. (1)
Long-term outcomes and toxicity in patients treated with brachytherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma younger than 60 years of age at treatment with minimum 10 years of follow-up.

Objective To report the outcomes and late toxicities in younger patients with long-term follow-up treated with brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods Patients treated with brachytherapy with or without external beam radiotherapy who were aged ≤60 years at treatment with ≥10 years of follow-up were selected from our database. The outcomes were analyzed regarding biochemical failure, distant metastases, and cause of death. Genitourinary outcomes were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events criteria. Gastrointestinal toxicity was measured using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scales. Erectile dysfunction was measured using Sexual Health Inventory for Men and the Mount Sinai Erectile Function score. Results A total of 131 patients met the inclusion criteria, with a median age of 57 years at treatment and a median follow-up of 11.5 years. Of the patients in this cohort, 9.9% developed biochemical failure with 1 failure and 1 prostate cancer-related death after 10 years. The International Prostate Symptom Score were statistically unchanged after 10 years. Of 22 cases (17%) of grade 2 or greater genitourinary toxicities, only 6 (4.5%) continued after 10 years. Of 11 cases (8.3%) of grade 2 or greater gastrointestinal events, none persisted past 10 years. A significant decrease occurred in the mean Sexual Health Inventory for Men score from 19.5 to 15.3 (P = .008). Of the potent patients before treatment, 69% remained potent at last follow-up. A total of 4 second malignancies were detected, 2 of which were within the radiation field. Conclusion Men
Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type II Diabetes: Rationale and Collaborative Clinical Trial Results

The rationale for intensive insulin therapy and results from major clinical trials in diabetes are reviewed. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) has shown that intensive insulin therapy will prevent or delay the onset of retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy in type I diabetes. The University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP) and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) have addressed the issue of insulin versus oral agent or diet therapy in people with recently diagnosed type II diabetes. The UGDP showed that effective glycemie control could be achieved with intensive insulin therapy, but no effect on vascular end points was seen. Early data from the UKPDS also suggest that intensive insulin therapy may be more effective in lowering HbA 1c toward normal than oral agents or diet. A pressing clinical problem is the question of the use of intensive insulin therapy in type II diabetic individuals who remain hyperglycemie despite pharmacological therapy. A Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study explored the feasibility of using intensive insulin therapy in 153 male type II diabetic patients with these characteristics. A 2% lowering of HbA 1c was seen, with no increase in weight gain or in hypoglycemia. However, 40 of 153 patients (26.1%) had cardiovascular events during the 27-month trial; no difference in cardiovascular event rates was seen between the two treatment groups. A long-term multicenter collaborative trial is needed to assess the benefltcrisk ratio of intensive insulin therapy for type II diabetic patients in whom pharmacological therapy failed to provide glycemie management.
A novel solution reaction of hexahydridoferrate(4−) with iron(II) that produces iron particles

Abstract This report is the description of a reaction that produces iron(0) from the room temperature reaction in THF solution between [MgX(THF) 2 ] 4 [FeH 6 ] (X = Cl and Br) and FeCl 2 . The production of α-iron is demonstrated by powder XRD and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The lattice spacings ( d ), isomer shift ( δ ), nuclear quadrupole (Δ E Q ), and magnetic hyperfine ( H hf ) parameters determine that the material consists of the bcc phase of iron.
Pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin-secreting cells in Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive -negative chronic active hepatitis: Evaluation by a protein A plaque assay

Abstract The response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated in 7 patients with Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and 16 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Immunoglobulin-secreting cells were assessed by a reverse hemolytic plaque assay with protein A-coated sheep red blood cells. HBsAg-negative patients with CAH, but not HBsAg-positive patients with CAH, showed a markedly impaired response to PWM compared to healthy controls. Coculture experiments of mononuclear cells from most unresponsive patients with HBsAg-negative CAH and mononuclear cells from healthy controls demonstrated a higher than expected response to PWM, suggesting that a quantitative or functional defect of a cell population with a “helper” effect for the in vitro response to PWM may be present in some patients. The hyporesponsiveness to PWM in HBsAg-negative patients with CAH, but not in patients with HBsAg-positive CAH, represents and additional difference in immunologic parameters between these two types of chronic liver disease.
How much do we count? interpretation and error-making in the decennial census

Following a critique of the 1990 decennial census procedures, we conducted a field study among low-income, inner-city residents in 1991 to examine how they conceptualized and managed the civic task of census response. Interpretations about the purpose and meaning of the census, about commitment to the task, and about connection to government, singly and together with literacy skills (e.g., reading and general literacy competence), were associated with errors that are not detectable by evaluative methodologies used regularly by the Census Bureau. The validity and reliability of census data, and possibly other self-administered survey research. will be increased by greater use of knowledge about both interpretation and literacy skills informulating data collection procedures.
The computer in the construction industry

Abstract Computer technology in the 1980s has changed drastically. Microcomputers perform functions that only large and expensive mainframe computers performed a decade ago. Computers are used today by a rapidly growing majority of construction firms. This paper investigates computer applications in various aspects of the construction industry, such as planning, surveying, designing, graphics, pre-bidding, budgeting, scheduling, quality and cost control and equipment management. It also includes the results of a questionnaire directed at the construction industry concerning: 1. (1) types of construction (e.g. design, construction management, etc.) 2. (2) the company's annual dollar volume of work 3. (3) types of computers used 4. (4) usage of commercial software and percentage of usage for various activities within the construction industry 5. (5) the extent computer utilization has advanced the construction industry, etc. In the construction industry, small and minicomputers predominate in types of computers used. Commercial software is more commonly used which requires constant revision and improvement. Software problems are the major cause of user dissatisfaction with the use of computers. Overall, the research findings indicate that computer use has helped the construction industry and the number of users will continue to increase. The computerization of scheduling techniques and construction material codings have helped improve speed and accuracy of computer data entry. To completely harness the computer technology and to produce tangible cost savings, it is necessary for the construction industry to enhance user capability.
Defect related properties of doped alumina

Abstract Al 2 O 3 is an insulator at low temperature but a mixed conductor at high temperature, with transference numbers dependent on oxygen pressure and doping. Impurities always dominate the properties. Mg, Fe and Co act as acceptors; Ti, Si, H, Y and Zr act as donors. Samples dominated by the acceptors Fe or Mg can be compensated by hydrogen. In exactly compensated samples, conductivity by protons (H i and H' i ), electrons, holes, Al⋯ i and V‴ A1 has been observed. Analysis of the results leads to the parameters of ionic and electronic disorder. It is not known, however, which ionic disorder mechanism is dominant. Electrons and holes are large polarons. Electronic energy level positions for various dopants are given. In polycrystalline materials there is in certain samples an excess of electronic conductivity at grain sites smaller than 10 μm, but ionic conductivity is decreased. Large diffusivities of oxygen along grain boundaries must be due to neutral species, probably O x i .
Electrode formation by electrophoretic deposition of nanopowders

Abstract This study considers electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of silver nanoparticles as a process to form electrode layers for electroceramic applications. Silver powder with spherical morphologies with diameters=10 nm are dispersed in non-aqueous suspensions and deposited with excellent control of both surface roughness and particle packing. These deposits are then sintered into dense homogeneous films. Electrodes are also patterned into microstripline structures with 15 μm lines and coplanar coils on Al 2 O 3 substrates with a photolithographic process.
Decomposition of an organophosphorus material in a silent electrical discharge

An organophosphorus compound, C7H16FO2P, was reacted with air in a silent ac discharge. This paper discusses the observed fragmentation and products of the reaction using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
85% of maximal age-predicted heart rate is not a valid endpoint for exercise treadmill testing

Exercise testing should be symptom-limited. Nevertheless, 40% of clinical laboratories applying for ICANL accreditation use 85% of maximal age-predicted heart rate (MPHR) as the primary exercise endpoint. We hypothesized that this approach importantly may underestimate exercise capacity and inducible ischemia. Two patient cohorts were studied. 1. A prospective registry of patients referred for exercise testing. 2. A retrospective cohort of patients with positive exercise ECG. Of 306 registry patients, 211 (69%) continued exercising after reaching 85% MPHR to maximal HR of 101% ± 7% of MPHR. Forty-two patients (14%) stopped 85% MPHR (P = .02). Of 300 patients with positive ECG, 232 patients (77%) exercised to >85% MPHR. At 85% MPHR 144 patients (62%) had positive ECG (1.2 ± .7 mm ST depression) compared to 232 patients (100%) at peak exercise (2.3 ± .9 mm ST depression, P < .001). Mean workload at 85% MPHR was 7.3 ± 2.4 METs compared to 10.6 ± 2.8 METs at peak exercise (P < .001). Achievement of 85% MPHR is not a valid diagnostic or functional exercise endpoint because it significantly underestimates exercise capacity and inducible ischemia.
Torsion free modules

Si studia un funtore contravariante Ξ dalla categoria di tutti gli anelli associativi con identita (con opportuni omomorfismi) nella categoria dei reticoli Booleani completi (equivalentemente, degli anelli Booleani completi). Per ogni anello R il reticolo Ξ(R) e l'insieme delle classi di equivalenza [A] modulo un'opportuna equivalenza, ove A varia nella classe degli R-moduli destri non singolari.
Oxygen on iron oxide: Kinetic evidence of an atomic species

Abstract Oxygen adsorbed on α-Fe2O3 in three different forms over the temperature range from 450 °C to room temperature. The form that adsorbed and desorbed between 200 and 300 °C desorbed with a second-order kinetics which suggested its atomic nature. The activation energy of desorption was found to be 163 ± 8 kJ/mole, and the initial coverage at 240 °C was 1.4 × 1016 molecules/m2. It was postulated that the adsorption and desorption of this species involved pairs of surface iron ions containing coordinative unsaturation, while surface mobility of the species was provided by single surface iron ions.
EFFECTS OF CALCIUM, POTASSIUM, & MAGNESIUM ON OXALIC, MALIC, & CITRIC ACID CONTENT OF VALENCIA ORANGE LEAF TISSUE'

The importance of organic acids in plant metabolism is well established. Several investigations have dealt with the effect of nutrition on organic acids of leaf and fruit tissues (2, 3, 5, 13). In general, the effects of cations on the organic acids in leaf tissue are rather complex. For example, Cooil (1) found that the higher total acids associated with high K in expanding guayule leaves was largely accounted for by high citric acid levels, whereas in mature leaves high malic acid levels were associated with high Ca levels. In tung, oxalic acid formation is directly related to nitrate and Ca supply (3). Citric acid is the main acid in citrus fruits (8, 9) and the amount in the fruit is influenced by K nutrition (11). Approximately twice as much malic as citric acid, however, is found in citrus foliage and oxalic acid as insoluble Ca-oxalate occurs in even greater concentrations than malic acid in citrus foliage (10). The present study was concerned with a quantitative determination of oxalic, malic, and citric acids in Valencia orange leaf tissue grown with a wide range of Ca, K, and Mg. The objective was to determine what effect any one of the cations may have on the accumulation of the three acids in the leaf.
The incidence of lower eyelid malposition after facial fracture repair: a retrospective study and meta-analysis comparing subtarsal, subciliary, and transconjunctival incisions.

Background:Many incisional techniques have been described for access to the craniofacial skeleton for traumatic fracture repair, including subciliary, subtarsal, and transconjunctival approaches. Each is associated with a distinct set of complications. The goal of the authors' study was to examine l
Adaptive Coping Reduces the Impact of Community Violence Exposure on Violent Behavior among African American and Latino Male Adolescents

This study examined whether coping moderated the impact of community violence exposure (CVE) on violent behavior among 285 urban African American and Latino adolescent males assessed annually across 5 years. Composites indicating overall CVE (having knowledge of others’ victimization, witnessing violence, direct victimization) and approach to coping with CVE were created by averaging across years 1–3 (Time 1; mean ages 14–16). Adolescents classified as coping effectively tended to respond to CVE in beneficial ways (e.g., developing long-term solutions, engaging in positive reappraisal). Violent behavior was examined across years 1–3 (Time 1) and years 4–5 (Time 2; mean ages 18–19). CVE was longitudinally associated with greater violent behavior, adjusting for Time 1 levels of violent behavior. This association was significant only among adolescents with less effective coping strategies. Interventions targeting the enhancement of coping skills may be an effective method of reducing the impact of CVE on adolescent violent behavior.
Channel assignment and routing in multiradio wireless mesh networks using smart ants

We present our initial work on the design and implementation of an efficient channel assignment and routing architecture for multi-radio and multichannel wireless mesh networks (WMNs). Our proposed scheme is derived from the principle of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) in which smart ants (agents) perform the routing and channel assignment to stochastically solve a dynamic network optimization problem. We extend the ACO framework by implementing two modules namely a channel assignment module and a routing module with the objective of minimizing the overall network inference in multi-radio mesh networks. The main focus in our work is to take advantage of the particular characteristics of ACO framework and exploit them in designing a joint channel assignment and routing scheme for WMNs keeping in view the unique characteristics and requirements of these networks.
U.S.-Russian strategic arms reductions: Nonlinear challenges, practical opportunities

Abstract The Obama Administration's desire to push forward with strategic nuclear arms reductions during the President's second term requires the navigation of numerous shoals and reefs. U.S. and Russian negotiators will have to overcome both political and military obstacles to accomplish post-New START reductions in long-range nuclear weapons. For example, efforts to reduce offensive nuclear weapons are complicated by U.S. and NATO plans for missile defenses deployed in Europe and by exigencies in U.S. and Russian domestic politics. In addition, the military-technical aspects of cyber war and nuclear deterrence can no longer be treated, analytically or practically, as isolated compartments. This article considers several aspects of the relationships among possible post-START offensive force reductions, advanced conventional weapons including missile defenses, and emerging cyber capabilities.
Two-dimensional properties of surfactant-like polymer monolayrs

A functional polymer monolayer at an air/water interface has been studied systematically by substituting a hydrophobic backbone with a hydrophilic moiety (OH) by measuring the surface pressure as a function of surface concentration for different molecular weight polymers. The characteristic scaling exponent (ν) estimated from the isotherms and the overlap surface concentration suggests that the air/water interface becomes a better solvent as the amount of hydrophilic functional groups is increased. Also, the isotherms show that the area per polymer molecule increases with increasing amounts of OH groups. However, the water surface tension is most effectively reduced at the 50% substitution level, not at 100%. This optimum amount of OH group on the hydrophobic polymer is equivalent to the hydrophic/lypophic balance of a surfactant in the formation of microemulsions. Furthermore, the surface occupied area per OH group (σo) is estimated with the ideal gas law at a dilute surface concentrations. The results show that the σo is a minimum at the same substitution level at which the reduction of water surface tension is a maximum.
Characterizing the Energetic States of a Glutamate Receptor using Umbrella Sampling and Microsecond Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Ionotropic glutamate receptor functional states consist of: non-conducting, conducting, and desensitized states that are well characterized by electrophysiological studies. However, the energetics of these states is not well understood. It is known that the interface between monomeric subunits of the tetramer plays a major role in distinguishing these functional states. We have used umbrella sampling and microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of receptor dimers to calculate several free-energetic states of AMPA subtype glutamate receptor ligand-binding domains in the absence of its transmembrane region. Our results show the desensitized conformation as a highly probable conformation during simulations thus characterizing it as a low free-energetic state. We have also developed a model of a transmembrane region of AMPA based on what is known from crystallography of AMPA and potassium channels. Umbrella sampling of this model transmembrane region in the lipid bilayer is being conducted complementary to the ligand-binding domain. We hypothesize that in the full receptor the low absolute free-energetic state is the desensitized state.
The evolution of disturbances in horizontal films

Abstract Disturbances in horizontal liquid films that wet their solid support decay under the influence of gravity and capillarity, so that the film ultimately becomes flat and quiescent. Small-amplitude disturbances of short enough wavelength are known to damp monotonically, whereas those longer than a critical wavelength and in a thick enough film damp periodically. A long-wave expansion of the Navier-Stokes system leads to an equation for the evolution of film thickness which is easily solved by computational methods; long-wavelength, large-amplitude disturbances are found to result in increased surface inclination before eventual leveling. A finite element scheme is used to solve the Navier-Stokes system directly. The damped standing waves when inertial force is sizable and disturbance length is moderate are tracked. Sinusoidal disturbances lead to damped oscillations that retain their sinusoidal film profile when amplitude is small, and resemble well known profiles of inviscid standing waves when amplitude is large.
Book Review: Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications and Microeconometrics Using Stata

Cameron, Colin A., Trivedi, Pravin K. (2005) Microeconometrics: Methods and Applications. New York: Cambridge University Press. Cameron, Colin A., Trivedi, Pravin K. (2009) Microeconometrics using ...
A Conversational Telephone Messaging System

The Phone Slave is an intelligent answering machine, conversing with callers to format messages and relaying personal greetings to identified partles. Its owner can access these voice messages as well as electronic mail via speech recognition or Touch-Tones over the phone network. Access to both lncoming and outgoing messages, an on-line directory, and autodial features are also provided by a touch-sensitive color monitor.
A finite element study of the remote field eddy current phenomenon

The difference in operation of conventional and remote field eddy-current nondestructive evaluation procedures is described. A finite-element study conducted to provide physical understanding of the remote-field eddy-current phenomenon is reported. Finite-element predictions of probe performance are shown to agree very well with experimentally observations. They also indicate the presence of an unusual potential valley and corresponding phase knot in the pipeline wall that play a significant role in explaining the underlying physics of the method. >
Working with family members to engage treatment-refusing drinkers: The CRAFT program.

SUMMARY Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is an empirically-supported program based on behavioral reinforcement that engages treatment-refusing alcohol-other drug abusers into treatment by working with their concerned family members. These concerned significant others (CSOs) are taught how to rearrange contingencies in the drinker's environment such that sober behavior is supported and drinking behavior is discouraged. CSOs receive behavioral skills training in order to acquire the tools to successfully influence the drinker to enter treatment, and to enhance their own happiness as well. This review describes the outgrowth of CRAFT from the original Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) program, summarizes the research foundation, and presents the basic CRAFT procedures with illustrative examples.
OPTIMUM RATIO OF CATIONS ON NUCLEAR SULFONIC ACID RESIN FOR MINIMUM CHANGE IN COMPOSITION OF RESIN-TREATED MILK

For the purpose of developing a large-scale method for removing radiostrontium from milk, preliminary studies were carried out with Amberlite IR- 120. The optimum mole fraction of the major cations (Ca/sup 2+/, K/sup +/, Na/ sup +/, and Mg/sup on the strong sulfonic acid ion-exchange resin for minimum change in milk composition was determined by equilibrating the resin with milk at pH 5.4 and 6.6. The fraction of Ca on the resin increased with decreasing pH, whereas those of Na and K decreased. Mg was present in relatively small amounts, and it appeared to be little affected by pH. Relative affinities of ions for the resin were: Sr > Ca> Mg > K> Na. By using the milk-equilibrated mole fraction of the cations on the resin, and the apparent equilibrium constants involving the ions and the resin, mixed regenerating solutions of the chlorides of the 4 cations were prepared. The concentrations were adjusted so that the ratio of ions on the resin would be in equilibrium for milk at pH 6.6 and 5.4. Milk passed through columns of these resins showed little change in the cationic composition. The cationic composition of milk varies with breed of the animal, season ofmore » the year, and with other factors. Consequently, the milk-equilibrated mole fraction of cations placed on a resin will vary. (H.H.D.)« less
Political Opportunities and Local Grassroots Environmental Movements: The Case of Minamata

This paper examines the Minamata mercury victims' grassroots movement. Our analysis demonstrates the value of using a political opportunity framework to understand local grassroot environmental movement (LGEM) outcomes. We explain the variation over time in a LGEM's ability to achieve successful outcomes across different political environments. Specifically, we show that the success of the Minamata LGEM hinged on its ability to employ nontraditional and institutionally disruptive tactics during a period of expanded political opportunities.
A Critique of the Epidemiologic Study of Firearms and Homicide

Public health professionals have called for the use of epidemiologic methods to study violence, particularly firearm-related homicide. This literature review uses epidemiology texts to evaluate the extent to which public health research has complied with epidemiologic methodology, focusing primarily on the two medical journals publishing most extensively on the topic. Most studies and reports surveyed failed in at least one way to observe basic standards of the science of epidemiology.
The Deaf Acculturation Scale (DAS): Development and Validation of a 58-Item Measure

This study involved the development and validation of the Deaf Acculturation Scale (DAS), a new measure of cultural identity for Deaf and hard-of-hearing (hh) populations. Data for this study were collected online and involved a nationwide sample of 3,070 deaf/hh individuals. Results indicated strong internal reliabilities for all the subscales, and construct validity was established by demonstrating that the DAS could discriminate groups based on parental hearing status, school background, and use of self-labels. Construct validity was further demonstrated through factorial analyses, and findings resulted in a final 58-item measure. Directions for future research are discussed.
Spatial-spectrum estimation in a location sector

Multiple narrowband source localization using arbitrarily configured arrays and spatial-spectrum estimation is considered. A new eigenspace-based approach which uses projections onto a particular vector or vector set in the estimated noise-only subspace is described. Several CLOSEST vector estimators are developed by using different measures of closeness. First CLOSEST is a novel full-dimensional element-space approach to spatial-spectrum estimation which has important performance advantages relative to pertinent established spatial-spectrum estimators. It incorporates a priori knowledge of the array manifold over a location sector of interest to provide SNR spectral-resolution thresholds which are lower than those of MIN-NORM (for some arrays, substantially lower). Second, relationships between the CLOSEST approach and several established approaches to spatial-spectrum estimation are established. For a linear equispaced array, MIN-NORM is shown to be a special case of the CLOSEST-approach-one which is based on projection onto a noise-only subspace vector which is close to the array manifold over the entire field of view. >
Acute myocardial infarction complicated by a ventricular paced rhythm.

n 80-year-old man with a past medical history of a ermanent ventricular pacemaker presented to the Emerency Department (ED) after being found minimally esponsive without a palpable pulse or measurable blood ressure. After an intravenous bolus of 500 cc of normal aline solution was given in the field, a palpable pulse eturned with a blood pressure of 110/74 mm Hg. In the ED, the patient complained of shortness of reath and mid-chest pressure radiating to the right arm. he complaints began after running approximately one nd one-half blocks to catch a train. The patient reported ausea, diaphoresis, and fatigue associated with the chest ressure. The patient’s initial vital signs included an oral emperature of 35.6°C (96.6° F), a pulse of 60 beats/min, respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min, and a blood pressure f 112/70 mm Hg, which was the same in both arms. oom air pulse-oximetry was 99%. The patient was iaphoretic and in mild distress. The head, eyes, ears, ose, and throat examinations were normal. The neck did ot reveal any jugular venous distention, and there was ild wheezing in the lung bases bilaterally. The heart ounds were regular in rhythm, with no murmurs, galops, or rubs. The abdominal examination was normal. he extremities revealed mild symmetric pitting edema. eurologic examination was normal. The initial electrocardiogram (EKG) revealed a right entricular-paced rhythm (Figure 1). Concordant ST seg-
Evaluating the Structure of Early English Literacy Skills in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children

Better understanding the mechanisms underlying developing literacy has promoted the development of more effective reading interventions for typically developing children. Such knowledge may facilitate effective instruction of deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. Hence, the current study examined the multivariate associations among phonological awareness, alphabetic knowledge, word reading, and vocabulary skills in DHH children who have auditory access to speech. One hundred and sixty-seven DHH children (M age = 60.43 months) were assessed with a battery of early literacy measures. Forty-six percent used at least 1 cochlear implant; 54% were fitted with hearing aids. About a fourth of the sample was acquiring both spoken English and sign. Scores on standardized tests of phonological awareness and vocabulary averaged at least 1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean of the hearing norming sample. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that DHH children's early literacy skills were best characterized by a complex 3-factor model in which phonological awareness, alphabetic knowledge, and vocabulary formed 3 separate, but highly correlated constructs, with letter-sound knowledge and word reading skills relating to both phonological awareness and alphabetic knowledge. This supports the hypothesis that early reading of DHH children with functional hearing is qualitatively similar to that of hearing children.
Dynamic detection of event handlers

This paper considers the problem of dynamically finding event handlers in a running application using information obtained from periodic stack samples. Knowing the set of event handlers in an application is a prerequisite to building a model of the event behavior of the application which is in turn needed to do performance analysis, program visualization, or program understanding in terms of events. We show that a trie-based statistical technique can effectively and accurately find event handlers.
Fingerprint image enhancement: algorithm and performance evaluation

In order to ensure that the performance of an automatic fingerprint identification/verification system will be robust with respect to the quality of input fingerprint images, it is essential to incorporate a fingerprint enhancement algorithm in the minutiae extraction module. We present a fast fingerprint enhancement algorithm, which can adaptively improve the clarity of ridge and valley structures of input fingerprint images based on the estimated local ridge orientation and frequency. We have evaluated the performance of the image enhancement algorithm using the goodness index of the extracted minutiae and the accuracy of an online fingerprint verification system. Experimental results show that incorporating the enhancement algorithm improves both the goodness index and the verification accuracy.
Microcomputers and Improving Social Science Prediction

This article analyzes a type of microcomputer program that can process a set of (1) prior cases or incidents, (2) predictive criteria for separating the cases into winners and losers, or two or more other categories, and (3) relations between each prior case and criterion in order to arrive at a decision rule that is accurate and makes substantive sense. Micro computers allow the user to change quickly the various inputs to see the effects the changes have in reducing inconsistencies in applying the decision rule to the data set. This is educated reiterative guessing, as contrasted to more mechanical least squares approaches.
Hexacosanoic acid and other very long-chain fatty acids in peanut seed oil.

The fatty acid composition of peanut seed oil from a range of samples included in the core of the core or the ‘mini core’ of the US peanut germplasm collection was determined using gas chromatography. Oil contents of the seeds ranged from 31.4 to 47.9%. Very long-chain fatty acids are defined as those having more than 22 carbons in chain length. Although it has been reported in peanuts seed previously, the presence of hexacosanoic acid (C26:0) was quantified in a large variety of samples here for the first time along with docosanoic (C22:0) and tetracosanoic acids (C24:0) to demonstrate the potential of peanut seed as a source of very long-chain fatty acids that have been associated with widely varying effects such as the metabolism of the dietary fatty acids and physical properties of the oils themselves. Use of representative samples from the peanut germplasm collection allowed for comparison of very long-chain fatty acid content among seeds of different origins, and showed, although values overlapped, the seeds did cluster according to area of origin.
Bayesian clustering and tracking of neuronal signals for autonomous neural interfaces

This paper introduces a new, unsupervised method for sorting and tracking the non-stationary spike signals of individual neurons in multi-unit extracellular recordings. While this method may be applied to a variety of problems that arise in the field of neural interfaces, its development is motivated by a new class of autonomous neural recording devices. The core of the proposed strategy relies upon an extension of a traditional expectation-maximization (EM) mixture model optimization to incorporate clustering results from the preceding recording interval in a Bayesian manner. Explicit filtering equations for the case of a Gaussian mixture are derived. Techniques using prior data to seed the EM iterations and to select the appropriate model class are also developed. As a natural byproduct of the sorting method, current and prior signal clusters can be matched over time in order to track persisting neurons. Applications of this signal classification method to recordings from macaque parietal cortex show that it provides significantly more consistent clustering and tracking results than traditional methods.
Scalable TCP congestion control

The packet losses imposed by IP networks can cause long and erratic recovery delays, since senders must often use conservative loss detection and retransmission mechanisms. This paper proposes a model to explain and predict loss rates for TCP traffic. Based on that model, the paper describes a new router buffering algorithm, flow-proportional queuing (FPQ), that handles heavy TCP loads without imposing high loss rates. FPQ controls TCP by varying the router's queue length in proportion to the number of active TCP connections. Simulation results show that FPQ produces the same average transfer delays as existing schemes, but makes the delays more predictable and fairer.
Teachers’ creativity, playfulness, and style of interaction with children

Abstract: This investigation examined the relationships among a teacher's creative thinking, playfulness, and degree of sensitivity in their interactions with preschool children during play. These variables were operationally defined as scores on measures of ideational fluency, playful disposition, and quality of self‐reported play interaction. The Multidimensional Stimulus Fluency Measure, the Adult Behavior Inventory, and the Play Interaction Scale were administered to 46 students and 37 teachers of three‐ and four‐year old children. The Play Interaction Scale, developed for this study, was based on environmental components identified in earlier research as facilitative of play. Subjects indicated the frequency with which they might respond in a structured, elaborative, or unstructured manner to 20 vignettes describing the play of children. Results indicated that the expected positive relationships among creativity, playfulness, and an elaborative teaching style were found only for the students. The pre...
Outcome of children with prolonged unconsciousness and vegetative states

The outcomes of 60 children unconscious for 90 days or longer following acquired brain injury are reported. Eight children who died had remained in persistent vegetative states. As expected, most neurologic improvement occurred within the first year after injury, although some delayed improvements were observed. Outcomes were strongly correlated with causes of brain injury. Better cognitive and motor function was observed with nonanoxic injuries. No child in this report with anoxic brain injury regained functional cognitive or motor skills, although 3 became socially responsive. The remarkable contrast with adults following acquired brain injury is the significantly longer survival of children. The only children who died had remained in persistent vegetative states.
Pericentromeric Regions of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) Chromosomes Consist of Retroelements and Tandemly Repeated DNA and Are Structurally and Evolutionarily Labile

Little is known about the physical makeup of heterochromatin in the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) genome. Using DNA sequencing and molecular cytogenetics, an initial analysis of the repetitive fraction of the soybean genome is presented. BAC 076J21, derived from linkage group L, has sequences conserved in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of all 20 chromosomes. FISH analysis of this BAC and three subclones on pachytene chromosomes revealed relatively strict partitioning of the heterochromatic and euchromatic regions. Sequence analysis showed that this BAC consists primarily of repetitive sequences such as a 102-bp tandem repeat with sequence identity to a previously characterized ∼120-bp repeat (STR120). Fragments of Calypso-like retroelements, a recently inserted SIRE1 element, and a SIRE1 solo LTR were present within this BAC. Some of these sequences are methylated and are not conserved outside of G. max and G. soja, a close relative of soybean, except for STR102, which hybridized to a restriction fragment from G. latifolia. These data present a picture of the repetitive fraction of the soybean genome that is highly concentrated in the pericentromeric regions, consisting of rapidly evolving tandem repeats with interspersed retroelements.