cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship of DNA repair and chromosome aberrations to potentially lethal damage repair in X-irradiated mammalian cells

By the alkaline elution technique, the repair of x-ray-induced DNA single strand breaks and DNA-protein cross-links was investigated in stationary phase, contact-inhibited mouse cells. During the first hour of repair, approximately 90% of x-ray induced single strand breaks were rejoined whereas most of the remaining breaks were rejoined more slowly during the next 5 hr. The number of residual non-rejoined single strand breaks was approximately proportional to the x-ray dose at early repair times. DNA-protein cross-links were removed at a slower rate — T½ approximately 10–12 hr. Cells were subcultured at low density at various times after irradiation and scored for colony survival (potentially lethal damage repair), and chromosome aberrations in the first mitosis after sub-culture. Both cell lethality and the frequency of chromosome aberrations decreased during the first several hours of repair, reaching a minimum level by 6 hr; this decrease correlated temporally with the repair of the slowly rejoining DNA strand breaks. The possible relationship of DNA repair to changes in survival and chromosome aberrations is discussed.
Inclusion of neuropsychological scores in atrophy models improves diagnostic classification of alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Brain atrophy in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are difficult to demarcate to assess the progression of AD. This study presents a statistical framework on the basis of MRI volumes and neuropsychological scores. A feature selection technique using backward stepwise linear regression together with linear discriminant analysis is designed to classify cognitive normal (CN) subjects, early MCI (EMCI), late MCI (LMCI), and AD subjects in an exhaustive two-group classification process. Results show a dominance of the neuropsychological parameters like MMSE and RAVLT. Cortical volumetric measures of the temporal, parietal, and cingulate regions are found to be significant classification factors. Moreover, an asymmetrical distribution of the volumetric measures across hemispheres is seen for CN versus EMCI and EMCI versus AD, showing dominance of the right hemisphere; whereas CN versus LMCI and EMCI versus LMCI show dominance of the left hemisphere. A 2-fold cross-validation showed an average accuracy of 93.9%, 90.8%, and 94.5%, for the CN versus AD, CN versus LMCI, and EMCI versus AD, respectively. The accuracy for groups that are difficult to differentiate like EMCI versus LMCI was 73.6%. With the inclusion of the neuropsychological scores, a significant improvement (24.59%) was obtained over using MRI measures alone.
A Randomized, Prospective, Parallel Group Study of Laparoscopic Versus Laparoendoscopic Single Site Donor Nephrectomy for Kidney Donation

Few prospective, randomized studies have assessed the benefits of laparoendoscopic single site donor nephrectomy (LESS-DN) over laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN). Our center initiated such a trial in January 2011, following subjects randomized to LESS-DN versus LDN from surgery through 5 years postdonation. Subjects complete recovery/satisfaction questionnaires at 2, 6 and 12 months postdonation; transplant recipient outcomes are also recorded. One hundred subjects (49 LESS-DN, 51 LDN) underwent surgery; donor demographics were similar between groups, and included a predominance of female, living-unrelated donors, mean age of 47 years who underwent left donor nephrectomy. Operative parameters (overall time, time to extraction, warm ischemia time, blood loss) were similar between groups. Conversion to hand-assist laparoscopy was required in 3 LESS-DN (6.1%) versus 2 LDN (3.9%; p = 0.67). Questionnaires revealed that 97.2% of LESS-DN versus 79.5% of LDN (p = 0.03) were 100% recovered by 2 months after donation. No significant difference was seen in satisfaction scores between the groups. Recipient outcomes were similar between groups. Our randomized trial comparing LESS donor nephrectomy to LDN confirms that LESS-DN offers a safe alternative to conventional LDN in terms of intra- and post-operative complications. LDN and LESS-DN offer similar recovery and satisfaction after donation.
Bioethical Malpractice: Risk and Responsibility in Human Research

This Article provides an overview of Institutional Review Board (IRB) operations, reviews the sources of regulatory guidance, and examines the weaknesses of the existing system for the protection of human research subjects. It then discusses the scant case law relating to IRB negligence in the protection of human research subjects and explores some hypothetical circumstances under which it may be appropriate to hold a board accountable for injuries to clinical trial participants. Finally, this Article considers the potential consequences of expanded IRB liability, concluding that tort law sometimes may serve an important function as a catalyst to regulatory reform when professional self-regulation and governmental supervision fail.
Pfiesteria: The Toxic Pfiesteria Complex

General Characteristics, Systematics, and Life Cycle Systematics and Cellular Characteristics Complex Life Cycles Culturing Pfiesteria Assessment of Toxic Pfiesteria Involvement in Fish Kills Distribution, Nutritional Ecology, and Predation Sublethal and Chronic Impacts of Toxic Pfiesteria on Fish and Mammalian Health Keywords: dinoflagellates, toxic; pfiesteria
Molecular cloning and promoter analysis of the rat liver farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene.

The isolation and characterization of the rat genomic clone encoding the cholesterogenic enzyme farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase is reported. The gene is localized on a 15-kilobase (kb) genomic fragment, spans approximately 12 kb and contains eight exons. Sequences containing from 3.9 kb to 132 base pairs (bp) of the putative promoter were joined to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The CAT activities or CAT mRNA levels of the hybrid genes were determined following either transient transfections into human hepatoma HepG2 cells or stable transfections into Chinese hamster ovary cells. The transient transfections identified a 319-bp fragment that was required for a 4-fold induction in the absence of sterols. Sequence analysis of this region showed it contained five potential copies of the sterol regulatory element (SRE-1) (Smith, J.R., Osborne, T.F., Brown, M.S., Goldstein, J.L., and Gil, G. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 18480-18487) previously identified in the promoters of the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, HMG-CoA synthase, and low density lipoprotein receptor genes. Further mutational and deletion analysis of the FPP synthase promoter-CAT constructs followed by stable transfection and primer extension of the CAT mRNA levels indicated that these potential SRE-1 regulatory elements were not involved in the sterol-mediated transcriptional regulation of the gene. Our analyses have identified a 115-bp region that is required for the transcriptional induction of FPP synthase in the absence of sterols. These results suggest that the FPP synthase gene may be regulated at the transcriptional level by a different mechanism than other sterol regulated genes.
Cellular communication systems with voice and background data

Cellular communication systems that support both voice calls and background data calls arising from various platform types having different mobility characteristics are considered. Hand-off problems of voice and data calls are studied. A tractable analytical model for traffic performance is developed using multidimensional birth-death processes. Preemptive priority is used to assure transparency to voice calls. We examine two possible strategies for handling preempted data calls. One is a prioritized scheme and the other is non-prioritized scheme. Theoretical traffic performance characteristics are calculated. For voice calls, blocking probability and forced termination probability are calculated. The possible causes of data call termination are considered. These include forced termination probability of a data call and pushed-out failure probability. The expected waiting time of data calls is also determined.
The UNIX text processing system

Unix Text Processing Tools. Text Editing with Vi. Advanced Vi Editing. Vi Word Processing. Nroff and Troff. The -ms Macros. The -mm Macros. Equations and the eqn Preprocessor. Tables and the Tbl Preprocessor. References and the Refer Preprocessor. Pictures and the Preprocessor. Other Document Preparation Utilities. Appendixes. Index.
Primordial Odontogenic Cyst with Induction Phenomenon (Zonal Fibroblastic Hypercellularity) and Dentinoid Material Versus Archegonous Cystic Odontoma: You Choose!

The most recent A.F.I.P. fascicle defines primordial odontogenic cyst (POC) as a distinct, nonkeratinized, odontogenic cyst of “undetermined origin” forming in the place of a developing normal or supernumerary tooth. However, the majority of examples reported in the literature under this term represent odontogenic keratocysts (keratocystic odontogenic tumors). In addition, there are rare reported cases of cystic odontomas. An 18-year-old Caucasian male presented with a unilocular mandibular radiolucent lesion in the place of a congenitally missing molar. Histologically, it featured nonkeratinizing, thin stratified squamous epithelial lining with areas of spongiosis and foci of vacuolization of individual basal cells without significant nuclear palisading. Focally, budding of the basal cell layer was identified. A zone of increased cellularity featuring induction-type fibroblasts was present subepithelially as well as dentinoid deposits with odontogenic epithelial nests. Immunohistochemically, the epithelial lining was negative for calretinin and the induction-like zone negative for S100 protein, smooth muscle actin, and CD34. The case was externally reviewed by five oral pathologists who provided various diagnostic interpretations including primordial cyst, odontogenic cyst not otherwise specified (NOS), cyst with ameloblastic changes, and unicystic ameloblastoma. At that time, a final diagnosis of odontogenic cyst NOS was rendered with a comment that it may represent a true example of POC or a cystic odontoma. The lesion has not recurred within a 13 year follow-up period after initial excision. An unusual cystic lesion is presented that may represent a true example of POC with dentinoid formation or an archegonous cystic odontoma.
Fault injection: a method for validating computer-system dependability

A fault tolerant computer system's dependability must be validated to ensure that its redundancy has been correctly implemented and the system will provide the desired level of reliable service. Fault injection-the deliberate insertion of faults into an operational system to determine its response offers an effective solution to this problem. We survey several fault injection studies and discuss tools such as React (Reliable Architecture Characterization Tool) that facilitate its application. >
Uncertainty and scoring systems.

Estimating risks for individual patients facilitates communication with patients, relatives and colleagues, and determines whether further treatment is futile. The process of estimating risks involves mathematics (i.e. scoring systems) and human experience and expertise. Understanding how risks are estimated is important because prognostication is an integral part of any medical specialty. In the USA, such treatment limitation or withdrawal decisions were made on only 7% of all intensive care unit patients but this represented 47% of all deaths on such units. In the UK, data reported by the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre suggest that although treatment limitation decisions are made on only 11.8% of patients, this accounts for over 50% of deaths on intensive care. Scoring systems offer a useful adjunct in identifying futility but there are important inherent weaknesses that limit their performance. This review aims to discuss some of these limitations.
A locomotor adaptation including explicit knowledge and removal of postadaptation errors induces complete 24-hour retention

Locomotor patterns are generally very consistent but also contain a high degree of adaptability. Motor adaptation is a short-term type of learning that utilizes this plasticity to alter locomotor behaviors quickly and transiently. In this study, we used a variation of an adaptation paradigm in order to test whether explicit information as well as the removal of the visual error signal after adaptation could improve retention of a newly learned walking pattern 24 h later. On two consecutive days of testing, participants walked on a treadmill while viewing a visual display that showed erroneous feedback of swing times for each leg. Participants were instructed to use this feedback to monitor and adjust swing times so they appeared symmetric within the display. This was achieved by producing a novel interlimb asymmetry between legs. For both legs, we measured adaptation magnitudes and rates and immediate and 24-h retention magnitudes. Participants showed similar adaptation on both days but a faster rate of readaptation on day 2. There was complete retention of adapted swing times on the increasing leg (i.e., no evidence of performance decay over 24 h). Overall, these findings suggest that the inclusion of explicit information and the removal of the visual error signal are effective in inducing full retention of adapted increases in swing time over a moderate (24 h) interval of time.
The Mozart Effect

This review deals with the Mozart Effect, an improvement of performance while listening to Mozart music. Previous studies have shown improved spatial temporal reasoning and improved IQ test results and neurophysiological changes, mainly increased coherence among different groups of subjects. This review emphasizes the effect on epileptiform patterns, both generalized and focal; provides an example of a chronic effect over a period of 1-2 days; addresses the distinctive aspects of the music to account for this phenomenon and shows that long-term periodicity in the power of the music is a special quality; and deals with the melodic line and shows that Mozart repeats the melodic line much more frequently than other well-known composers. It is likely that the superorganization of the cerebral cortex resonates with great organization found in Mozart music.
Obstruction to the renal microcirculation after temporary ischemia.

Abstract Renal ischemia of 2 and 4 hours' duration resulted in obstruction to the renal microcirculation as determined by the intravascular injection of colloidal carbon. Interruption of renal blood flow for 2 hours produced a vascular block which was reversible as compared to the effects of an ischemic interval of 4 hours' duration where the vascular obstruction was permanent. The intravascular block to the microcirculation was located primarily in the vasa recta and peritubular capillaries of the medulla in both groups of animals with gradual recovery in those animals sustaining 2 hours of ischemia.
Visual Resolution and the Diffraction Limit

Movement of a grating behind a fixed aperture can be detected by human subjects when the grating is well below the diffraction limit of the pupil and below acuity measured with stationary gratings. With movement one sees a flicker or ripple at the edges, and it is argued that these edge effects lead to spurious estimates of optical resolution in insects and man.
Comment on ‘Plutonium chemistry: a synthesis of experimental data and a quantitative model for plutonium oxide solubility’ by J.M. Haschke and V.M. Oversby

In part of a recent paper [J. Nucl. Mater. 305 (2002) 187] the authors examined the published data on the disproportionation of Pu(V) and the self-reduction of Pu(VI) in aqueous solution. They conclude that alpha particle-induced reduction of Pu(VI) is contrary to the experimental observations. It is shown here that, with the exception of results at pH 6, the authors have misinterpreted the published data. It is also demonstrated that the published data are in agreement with the generally accepted alpha-reduction mechanism.
Pax3 and Dach2 positive regulation in the developing somite.

In vertebrates, skeletal muscles of the body arise from cells of somitic origin. Recently, somite culture experiments have identified a set of genes, including Pax3, Six1, Eya2, and Dach2, that appear to play an important role in early myogenesis during somite development (Heanue et al. [1999] Genes Dev. 13:3231-3243). In somite culture Pax3, Six1, Eya2, and Dach2 not only function to activate myogenesis, but they form a complex network regulating each other's transcription. We sought to examine whether this putative Pax3/Six1/Eya2/Dach2 network of regulation actually functions in vivo. In particular, we tested whether Pax3 and Dach2 participate in a positive regulatory feedback loop in vivo as they do in culture. To test in vivo Pax3/Dach2 interregulation, we took advantage of the known dependence of both factors on ectodermal signals. Somites isolated from the overlying ectoderm lose expression of Pax3 and Dach2. Therefore, we attempted to rescue Pax3 or Dach2 expression in somites isolated from the ectoderm by retroviral misexpression of the complementary factor. Indeed misexpression of Pax3 or Dach2 resulted in rescue of Dach2 or Pax3, respectively. These rescue experiments demonstrate that Pax3 and Dach2 positively regulate each other's expression in vivo and support the validity of the Pax3/Six1/Eya2/Dach 2 network in regulating myogenesis.
Rydberg and valence-shell states and their interaction

Abstract Two types of Rydbergization, MO and MO-or-state Rydbergization, are defined and exemplified. Two limiting cases of the interaction of states of the same symmetry species are distinguished (a) interaction at the gyrovibronic level; (b) at the electronic level. A third case, interaction at the MO level, can also be formulated under (b) in cases where MO-or-state Rydbergization occurs. Rydbergization and valenation are described as special situations under the general heading of conversion of MO's. At the end, disagreement is expressed with a formulation given recently by Buenker and Peyerimhoff of the Rydberg series of which the V state of ethylene is the precursor.
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of a Variable Region of the Large Subunit rRNA for Identification of Marine-Occurring Yeasts

A 230-nucleotide region of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA was examined to determine whether signature nucleotide sequences could be used for species identifications of basidiomycetous yeasts. Multiple strains of genetically defined heterothallic species ofRhodosporidium, Leucosporidium, Cystofilobasidium, andSporidiobolus demonstrated that nucleotide sequences within these species are homologous and that differences between species range from 1 to 20 or more bases. Also included in this study were several homothallic species of these teleomorphic genera and some anamorphs assigned toRhodotorula andCandida. Those results indicated close relationships among certain homothallic species, particularly in the genusMrakia, and potential relationships of homothallic and anamorphic strains to several teleomorphs. The data suggest that LSU sequences can be used for yeast identifications with the possible exception of closely related homothallic species.
Postulated Role of Interdomain Interaction within the Ryanodine Receptor in Ca2+ Channel Regulation

Localized distribution of malignant hyperthermia (MH) and central core disease (CCD) mutations in N-terminal and central domains of the ryanodine receptor suggests that the interaction between these domains may be involved in Ca2+ channel regulation. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of a new synthetic domain peptide DP4 corresponding to the Leu2442–Pro2477 region of the central domain. DP4 enhanced ryanodine binding and induced a rapid Ca2+release. The concentration for half-maximal activation by agonists was considerably reduced in the presence of DP4. These effects of DP4 are analogous to the functional modifications of the ryanodine receptor caused by MH/CCD mutations (viz. hyperactivation of the channel and hypersensitization of the channel to agonists). Replacement of Arg of DP4 with Cys, mimicking the in vivoArg2458-to-Cys2458 mutation, abolished the activating effects of DP4. An N-terminal domain peptide DP1 (El-Hayek, R., Saiki, Y., Yamamoto, T., and Ikemoto, N. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 33341–33347) shows similar activation/sensitization effects. The addition of both DP4 and DP1 produced mutual interference of their activating functions. We tentatively propose that contact between the two (N-terminal and central) domains closes the channel, whereas removal of the contact by these domain peptides or by MH/CCD mutations de-blocks the channel, resulting in hyperactivation/hyper-sensitization effects.
A protein biosensor for lactate.

Abstract Blood lactate is a clinically valuable diagnostic indicator. In this preliminary report we describe a protein biosensor for l -lactate based on beef heart lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH was noncovalently labeled with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS). The ANS-labeled LDH displayed an approximately 40% decrease in emission intensity upon binding lactate. This decrease can be used to measure the lactate concentration. The ANS-labeled LDH was further utilized in a new sensing format, polarization sensing, which is suitable for miniaturization to a point-of-care lactate monitor. However, temporal instability of beef heart LDH indicates the need for further protein engineering prior to development of a more robust lactate-sensing protein.
Strontium Isotopic Identification of Water-Rock Interaction and Ground Water Mixing

87Sr/86Sr ratios of ground waters in the Bighorn and Laramie basins' carbonate and carbonate-cemented aquifer systems, Wyoming, United States, reflect the distinctive strontium isotope signatures of the minerals in their respective aquifers. Well water samples from the Madison Aquifer (Bighorn Basin) have strontium isotopic ratios that match their carbonate host rocks. Casper Aquifer ground waters (Laramie Basin) have strontium isotopic ratios that differ from the bulk host rock; however, stepwise leaching of Casper Sandstone indicates that most of the strontium in Casper Aquifer ground waters is acquired from preferential dissolution of carbonate cement. Strontium isotope data from both Bighorn and Laramie basins, along with dye tracing experiments in the Bighorn Basin and tritium data from the Laramie Basin, suggest that waters in carbonate or carbonate-cemented aquifers acquire their strontium isotope composition very quickly--on the order of decades. Strontium isotopes were also used successfully to verify previously identified mixed Redbeds-Casper ground waters in the Laramie Basin. The strontium isotopic compositions of ground waters near Precambrian outcrops also suggest previously unrecognized mixing between Casper and Precambrian aquifers. These results demonstrate the utility of strontium isotopic ratio data in identifying ground water sources and aquifer interactions.
Colonic diverticula and hemorrhage.

Approximately 17 per cent of 500 patients with diverticular disease had colonic hemorrhage. In most cases the bleeding was mild, but it is potentially a lethal complication. In this series the associated mortality was 3.6 per cent. If the bleeding site is readily identifiable it is reasonable to resect the involved area; if not, total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis is the preferred procedure. Selective arteriography is now performed more often, and has been helpful in localizing the site of hemorrhage in several patients.
Generalized equitable preference in multiobjective programming

The concept of equitability in multiobjective programming is generalized within a framework of convex cones. Two models are presented. First, more general polyhedral cones are assumed to determine the equitable preference. Second, the Pareto cone appearing in the monotonicity axiom of equitability is replaced with a permutation-invariant polyhedral cone. The conditions under which the new models are related and satisfy original and modified axioms of the equitable preference are developed. Relationships between generalized equitability and relative importance of criteria and stochastic dominance are revealed.
Heterotopic quadruplet gestation with laparoscopic resection of ruptured interstitial pregnancy and subsequent successful outcome of triplets

A heterotopic quadruplet gestation after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer was complicated at 8 weeks by rupture of an interstitial pregnancy. Laparoscopic resection was performed and subsequently triplets were delivered at 34 weeks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case.
Precision Spectroscopy of Polarized Molecules in an Ion Trap

Polar molecules are desirable systems for quantum simulations and cold chemistry. Molecular ions are easily trapped, but a bias electric field applied to polarize them tends to accelerate them out of the trap. We present a general solution to this issue by rotating the bias field slowly enough for the molecular polarization axis to follow but rapidly enough for the ions to stay trapped. We demonstrate Ramsey spectroscopy between Stark-Zeeman sublevels in 180Hf19F+ with a coherence time of 100 milliseconds. Frequency shifts arising from well-controlled topological (Berry) phases are used to determine magnetic g factors. The rotating-bias-field technique may enable using trapped polar molecules for precision measurement and quantum information science, including the search for an electron electric dipole moment.
Middle School Friendships and Academic Achievement in Early Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Early adolescence is a critical transition period for the maintenance of academic achievement. One factor that school systems often fail to take into account is the influence of friends on academic achievement during middle school. This study investigated the influence of friends’ characteristics on change in academic achievement from Grade 6 to Grade 8 and the role of students’ own characteristics as moderators of this relationship. The sample included 1,278 participants (698 girls). Linear regressions suggest that students with academically engaged friends may achieve to levels higher than expected in Grade 8. However, when considering the significant, negative influence of friends’ problem behavior, the role of friends’ school engagement became nonsignificant. Low-achieving girls who had high-achieving friends in Grade 6 had lower academic achievement than expected by Grade 8. In contrast, high-achieving girls seemed to benefit from having high-achieving friends. Implications for theory and prevention ...
Patterns of Secondary Metabolite Allocation to Fruits and Seeds in Piper reticulatum

Little is known about the evolution, diversity, and functional significance of secondary metabolites in reproductive plant parts, particularly fruits and seeds of plants in natural ecosystems. We compared the concentration and diversity of amides among six tissue types of Piper reticulatum: leaves, roots, flowers, unripe fruit pulp, ripe fruit pulp, and seeds. This represents the first detailed description of amides in P. reticulatum, and we identified 10 major and 3 minor compounds using GC/MS and NMR analysis. We also detected 30 additional unidentified minor amide components, many of which were restricted to one or a few plant parts. Seeds had the highest concentrations and the highest diversity of amides. Fruit pulp had intermediate concentrations and diversity that decreased with ripening. Leaves and roots had intermediate concentrations, but the lowest chemical diversity. In addition, to investigate the potential importance of amide concentration and diversity in plant defense, we measured leaf herbivory and seed damage in natural populations, and examined the relationships between amide occurrence and plant damage. We found no correlations between leaf damage and amide diversity or concentration, and no correlation between seed damage and amide concentration. The only relationship we detected was a negative correlation between seed damage and amide diversity. Together, our results provide evidence that there are strong selection pressures for fruit and seed defense independent of selection in vegetative tissues, and suggest a key role for chemical diversity in fruit-frugivore interactions.
High passive damping in a NiTi shape memory alloy fiber aluminum metal matrix composite

Vibration control in structures often requires the addition of viscoelastic constrained layer damping treatments. In critical applications, however, the low strength of the viscoelastic material and the threat of delamination prevent the use of these treatments. In this paper we present a means of how to overcome these difficulties by using high strength shape NiTi fibers to increase the damping of aluminum structures. Specifically, we show that the introduction of high strength, shape memory alloy fibers into an aluminum beam can result in a significant increase in the passive damping response of the beam. The objective of our research is to develop passive and active structural materials that can be sued in applications that demand high loss factors, strength, and high reliability. The development of the NiTi fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite beam is a first important step towards achieving this objective.
A comparison of updating and explanation as causes of the incongruity effect on person memory.

Information that is incongruent with a prior expectancy is remembered better than congruent information. Two explanations were investigated: (a) people attempt to explain incongruent information to understand it, and (b) people use incongruent information to update their expectancies. The common assumption in these two accounts is that the additional cognitive processing stimulated by incongruent information is responsible for the incongruity effect. In this study, U.S. students were explicitly requested to engage in one or the other of these processes. Although both processes resulted in an incongruity effect, there was a positive correlation between recall of expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent items in the impression-updating condition but not in the other condition; those in the impression-updating condition showed greater expectancy change.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: role in depression and suicide.

Depression and suicidal behavior have recently been shown to be associated with disturbances in structural and synaptic plasticity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the major neurotrophic factors, plays an important role in the maintenance and survival of neurons and in synaptic plasticity. Several lines of evidence suggest that BDNF is involved in depression, such that the expression of BDNF is decreased in depressed patients. In addition, antidepressants up-regulate the expression of BDNF. This has led to the proposal of the “neurotrophin hypothesis of depression”. Increasing evidence demonstrates that suicidal behavior is also associated with lower expression of BDNF, which may be independent from depression. Recent genetic studies also support a link of BDNF to depression/suicidal behavior. Not only BDNF, but abnormalities in its cognate receptor tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and its splice variant (TrkB.T1) have also been reported in depressed/suicidal patients. It has been suggested that epigenetic modulation of the Bdnf and Trkb genes may contribute to their altered expression and functioning. More recently, impairment in the functioning of pan75 neurotrophin receptor has been reported in suicide brain specimens. pan75 neurotrophin receptor is a low-affinity neurotrophin receptor that, when expressed in conjunction with low availability of neurotropins/Trks, induces apoptosis. Overall, these studies suggest the possibility that BDNF and its mediated signaling may participate in the pathophysiology of depression and suicidal behavior. This review focuses on the critical evidence demonstrating the involvement of BDNF in depression and suicide.
Indigenism, painting and identity: Mixing media under Philippine dictatorship

Filipinos themselves do not readily agree on what constitutes nationalism but, from time to time, put up a united front. Surely, the modes by which “nation” is expressed are polyphonic and contenti...
Online Caching with Convex Costs: Extended Abstract

Modern software applications and services operate nowadays on top of large clusters and datacenters. To reduce the underlying infrastructure cost and increase utilization, different services share the same physical resources (e.g., CPU, bandwidth, I/O, memory). Consequently, the cluster provider often has to decide in real-time how to allocate resources in overbooked systems, taking into account the different characteristics and requirements of users. In this paper, we consider an important problem within this space -- how to share memory between users, whose memory access patterns are unknown in advance. We assume that the overall performance (or cost) of each user is a non-linear function of the total number of misses over a given period of time. We develop an online caching algorithm for arbitrary cost functions. We further provide theoretical guarantees for convex functions (which capture plausible practical scenarios). In particular, our algorithm is ααkα-competitive, where k is the memory (cache) size, and α is a constant which depends on the curvature of the cost functions. We also obtain a bi-criteria result which trades-off the performance and the memory size. Finally, we give a lower bound on the performance of any online deterministic algorithm which nearly matches the upper bound of our algorithm.
In the Course of Human Events: An Interpretive Exploration of the American Revolution

Presented here is a view of the American Revolution which differs radically from the prevailing notion that it came about as a result of a high-minded search for principles. Instead, Professor Martin believes that the Revolution was a far more complex affair than the simple defence of liberty against the British and a search for Republican ideals and that the results of the Revolution had even greater long term effects on the development of a national identity than the immediate realisation of independence.
STUDYING THE PROPERTIES OF ACCRETION DISKS AND CORONAE IN BLACK HOLE X-RAY BINARIES WITH MONTE CARLO SIMULATION

Understanding the properties of the hot corona is important for studying the accretion disks in black hole X-ray binary systems. Using the Monte Carlo technique to simulate the inverse Compton scattering between photons emitted from the cold disk and electrons in the hot corona, we have produced two table models in the XSPEC format for the spherical corona case and the disklike (slab) corona case. All parameters in our table models are physical properties of the system and can be derived from data fitting directly. Applying the models to broadband spectra of the black hole candidate XTE J2012+381 observed with BeppoSAX, we estimate the size of the corona and the inner radius of the disk. The size of the corona in this system is several tens of gravitational radii, and the substantial increase of the inner disk radius during the transit from the hard state to the soft state is not found.
Coplanar waveguide radio frequency ferromagnetic parametric amplifier

We have designed and fabricated a coplanar waveguide ferromagnetic parametric amplifier based on ferromagnetic alloy cobalt-iron (CoFe) thin film. The ferromagnetic parametric amplifier has the gain of 4 dB at 1.15 GHz. To our knowledge, it is the first coplanar waveguide ferromagnetic parametric amplifier operating at radio frequency reported to date, and we haven't found an item from Google search by keying in words "coplanar 'ferromagnetic parametric amplifier'" or "coplanar 'magnetic parametric amplifier".
Abstract 5571: Inflammatory response as a novel prognostic parameter in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with pazopanib

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Over sixty thousand patients were diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in 2010, yet no tumor markers have been identified. Standard prognostic systems only measure characteristics at baseline and do not assess the potential benefit of therapeutic intervention. The introduction of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors has significantly changed the management of mRCC. Pazopanib, a selective, multi-targeted, receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was approved for mRCC in 2009. The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), a prognostic system based on inflammatory biomarkers (serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin), has been validated in the pre-treatment setting for mRCC treated with surgery or cytokines. In this study, we present data demonstrating the correlation of serial mGPS measurements with objective responses to targeted therapy with pazopanib in patients with mRCC. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients seen at the Winship Cancer Institute for whom serial CRP and albumin measurements as well as imaging studies were available while taking pazopanib. In these patients we assessed the correlation of pre- and post-treatment mGPS scores to objective responses by imaging. Twenty patients met inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 12 (60%) had progressive disease, and 8 (40%) had clinical benefit response (defined as stable disease, partial response, or complete response) by imaging. An elevated pre-treatment mGPS score had 75% sensitivity (95% confidence interval 35.5%-95.5%; P<0.01) and 83.3% specificity (95% confidence interval 50.9%-97.1%; P<0.01) for disease progression at the end of treatment. On the other hand, an elevated post-treatment mGPS score had 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval 59.8%-100%; P<0.01) and 100% specificity (95% confidence interval 69.9%-100%; P<0.01) for disease progression at the end of treatment. Although these data require prospective validation, they suggest that serial measurements of serum inflammatory biomarkers may improve the sensitivity and specificity of mGPS for response to therapy. If confirmed, inflammatory response rates based on mGPS may become a valuable and cost effective tool to guide patient care and drug development for mRCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5571. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5571
An Infalling Torus of Molecular Gas around the Ultracompact H II Region G28.20–0.05

We present new observations of the ultracompact H II region G28.20-0.05 in the 23 GHz continuum and the NH3(1, 1), NH3(2, 2), and NH3(3, 3) lines. To explain the complicated kinematics of the molecular gas, we propose a model consisting of two components. One component is an infalling, equatorial torus of molecular gas, whose dense central region has been ionized to form the ultracompact H II region. The second component is a larger expanding molecular shell driven by some type of wide-angle outflow or wind. We estimate that the infall component includes more than 18 M☉ of molecular gas. We calculate the central mass to be 79 M☉, probably comprising more than one star. The arrangement of the molecular material suggests a connection to the other disklike structures seen around massive young stars. The central star in this case is more massive, and the whole region may be more evolved than other similar objects such as IRAS 20126+4104, IRAS 18089-1732, G192.16-3.84, and AFGL 5142.
Social cues attenuate photoresponsiveness of the male reproductive system in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus).

Transfer of adult Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) from long (16 h light and 8 h dark, 16L:8D) to short (8L:16D) daily photoperiods induces an involution of the gonads and a cessation of reproductive behavior 8 to 10 weeks later. However, when male and female long-day hamsters were paired on transfer to short photoperiods, the males' gonads did not undergo the typical short-day response. Similarly, when male long-day hamsters were paired with refractory females (i.e., females housed in short photoperiods for at least 28 weeks so that they became unresponsive to short photoperiods), the response of the males' reproductive system to short photoperiods also was attenuated. Thus, social cues can override or delay the effects of photoperiod on the testes of this species. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of long durations of melatonin secretion (in response to short photoperiods) on the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis may be attenuated by social cues such as contact with the oppos...
Efficacy of early use of intrathecal baclofen therapy for treating spastic hypertonia due to acquired brain injury.

Objective. To determine the efficacy and safety of early (<1 year post-disease onset) use of intrathecal baclofen (ITB).Design. Consecutive case series of 14 individuals with spastic hypertonia due to trauma (5), anoxia (6) and stroke (3).Main outcome measures. Modified Ashworth (MAS) and Disability Rating (DRS) scales.Interventions. ITB pump placement within 1 year of onset, after inadequate response to other previous treatment modalities.Results. At follow-up after ITB pump implantation (mean = 13.9 months; mean daily dose = 591.5 µg per day), mean MAS scores improved from baseline by 1.0 and 2.1 points in the upper and lower limbs, respectively. DRS scores did not change significantly. Functional gains included decreased pain and improved gait speed and motor skills. The only complication was spinal leak in one subject.Conclusions. ITB therapy within 1 year of onset of acquired brain injury appears effective and safe in decreasing spastic hypertonia and does not appear to adversely affect recovery.
Truncated-atomic-sphere model and overlapping-sphere corrections in the SCF-Xα scattered-wave method

The rigorous application of multiple-scattering theory to contiguous nonoverlapping truncated atomic spheres leads to a molecular-orbital secular determinant which is identical to that solved in the overlapping-sphere SCF-X..cap alpha.. scattered-wave method, except for the subtraction of on-diagonal and off-diagonal terms associated with multiple scattering in the overlap regions. The possible importance and approximate evaluation of these terms as corrections to the overlapping-sphere method are discussed.
A dominant mutant form of the herpes simplex virus ICP8 protein decreases viral late gene transcription.

Abstract The herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell protein 8 (ICP8) is required for viral DNA replication and normal viral gene expression. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that ICP8 may play a role in stimulating late gene expression. In V2.6 cells which express the d 105 mutant form of ICP8, synthesis of late proteins and accumulation of late gC mRNA are reduced during HSV infection (Gao, M., and Knipe, D. M., J. Virol. 65, 2666–2675, 1991). To determine if the negative effect of d 105 ICP8 on late gene expression was exerted at the transcriptional level, we measured the levels of mRNAs and transcription from three late genes, gC, UL47, and gD, in V2.6 cells and Vero cells infected with the HSV-1 wild-type virus. In infected V2.6 cells, the levels of late gC and UL47 mRNA were 7- to 12-fold lower than those of infected Vero cells under conditions where the levels of viral DNA replication in these two cell types were similar. The transcription levels of these two late genes in infected V2.6 cells were reduced to similar extents (9- to 14-fold). The levels of accumulated mRNA and transcription of the early–late gD gene also showed parallel reductions in infected V2.6 cells (about 6-fold). In contrast, transcription of the β pol gene was reduced only slightly (about 2-fold) by d 105 ICP8. These results demonstrate that the d 105 ICP8 inhibits expression of three viral late genes at the transcriptional level, and in general, the effect of d 105 ICP8 on viral gene expression appears to correlate with the extent to which expression of the gene is stimulated by viral DNA synthesis.
The psychology of farming: A review of twenty-five years of research

Abstract If all of mankind is to have an adequate diet, we must both stabilize world population and increase markedly world food supply. Moreover, attaining any such increase in food supply may be as much a problem in vocational psychology (e.g. the skill, knowledge, openness to change, and motivation of farmers) as in agricultural technology. The purpose of this review is to further psychological work on agricultural productivity by listing and evaluating a cross-section of relevant articles since 1945. Because psychologists have largely ignored agriculture, most reviewed studies were conducted by other behavioral scientists. Studies are grouped according to three broad areas: (1) predictors of choice, success, and satisfaction; (2) adoption of recommended practices; and (3) communal agriculture.
Response to Comment on Suri et al. on Diabetes Reversal in NOD Mice

Faustman et al . present no new information to explain why three independent laboratories failed to reproduce their previous results implicating spleen cell transdifferentiation in the reversal of murine type 1 diabetes. Modulation of the immunological process in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice has been accomplished by many laboratories using different protocols and does not represent a novel finding in their work.
Batched interpolation searching on databases

Abstract This paper examines the effect of batching search requests in the interpolation search algorithm on ordered tables in main memory as well as in a more typical database environment, i.e. a blocked secondary memory. Experiments were performed on several hybrid interpolation search algorithms over nonuniformly distributed data. The effect of batching on these algorithms is examined in terms of algorithms, analysis, and experiments. Algorithms, analytic expressions, and experimental results on these extensions are given and described. Analytic expressions for these algorithms are validated by experiments.
Limitations in interpretation of digoxin absorption using averaged pharmacological response intensities

Abstract In this paper, the interpretation of averaged pharmacological effect data for the cardiac glycoside digoxin is reconsidered through a comparison with theoretically simulated data. Four parameters, with their standard deviations calculated from the best‐fit biexponential equation for the experimentally derived transformed pharmacological response intensity, were the basis for the random development of a series of 17 individual sets of data with average parameters and standard deviations identical to the values found experimentally. Parameters from these 17 data sets were averaged and randomly altered as a function of the standard deviations for each average. Loo—Riegelman analyses, modified for application to the peripheral compartment, and fraction remaining to be absorbed plots were made. Results of this comparison of experimental pharmacological simulated data indicate that the presence or absence of enterohepatic recycling may not be unambiguously determined here.