cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mom and Dad will hate me: the ethics of writing about family in memoir-fiction

ABSTRACTWriting about one’s family, regardless of whether the family is represented in fiction or nonfiction, is oftentimes a cathartic experience for the writer. However, doing so can also intensify tumultuous family relationships, create libel and character defamation lawsuits, and result in family estrangement. Thus, many novelists, memoirists, and nonfiction writers alike struggle with genre labels and restrictions, causing them to censor their content. This censoring makes the truthfulness of their work suffer, which is doubly problematic. By examining the work of Karl Ove Knausgaard, Erica Jong, Jeffrey Eugenides, Augusten Burroughs, and other writers whose work dares to cross the genre lines of memoir versus fiction, I explore why the act of challenging these ‘life-writing’ genres is so problematic for both the writer and the reader. I also examine why life-writers, who search for authorial truth and narrative believability, often find themselves estranged from their families if they achieve litera...
Robotic-assisted Thoracoscopic Transdiaphragmatic Adrenalectomy (RATTA) for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objective Robotic-assisted thoracoscopic transdiaphragmatic adrenalectomy (RATTA) represents a novel surgical approach for the management of adrenal pathology in patients with a history of extensive transperitoneal or retroperitoneal procedures. Methods Here we report the first described case of RATTA in a 56-year-old woman with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the left adrenal gland and right lung. With the assistance of cardiothoracic surgery, this patient underwent robotic-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary wedge resection and RATTA. In brief, after completion of the pulmonary wedge resection by thoracic surgery the diaphragm was incised starting at the left crus and extending laterally through the diaphragmatic muscle, exposing the retroperitoneal space and fat. The adrenal gland with mass was identified, dissected from surrounding structures, and extracted. The diaphragm was then closed using Ethibond suture with polytetrafluoroethylene felt pledgets. A 22-Fr chest tube was placed in the thoracic cavity. Results Operative and postoperative courses were uncomplicated. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 4. Pathology confirmed metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma in both the left adrenal and the right lung nodules with negative surgical margins. Conclusion The case described here highlights the surgical technique and ideal patient population in which RATTA serves as a feasible and safe alternative to conventional laparoscopic approaches in the treatment of adrenal pathologies.
Future Requirements for Glucosinolate Analysis - a U.K. View

Progress towards the development of an official high performance liquid chromatographic method for glucosinolate analysis is reviewed and set against recent advances in this area. Emphasis is placed on the optimization of various stages in the analytical procedure and their incorporation into the final method. The problem of the availability of the internal standard glucotropaeolin, the concern of U.K. breeders and crushers over the lack of suitable methods for monitoring seed and the need for a reliable rapid method are stressed. Work in these areas at the Institute of Food Research (Norwich) is briefly mentioned. The development of techniques for monitoring the effect on glucosinolates of rapeseed “detoxification” processes (which in turn are taken as an index of nutritional quality) and for analysing the metabolic breakdown products of glucosinolates and their conjugates in animals fed rapeseed meal (and humans consuming brassica vegetables) are suggested as priority areas for future research.
A glimpse into the C-type-inactivated state for a Potassium Channel.

C-type inactivation is a process by which ion flux through a voltage-gated K+ channel is regulated at the selectivity filter. A recent structure of the Kv1.2 channel provides a view into the structural changes of the selectivity filter during C-type inactivation.
The Cost of Being Bilingual: The Example of Verbal Fluency and Switching

In recent decades, researchers have noted consistent costs in lexical access among bilingual participants. Using a variety of fluency measures, but primarily picture-naming with switching, bilinguals are often outperformed by their monolingual peers. Bilingual deficits on fluency measures are observed across the lifespan, though recent findings would argue that deficits are more likely the result of differences according to language proficiency, balanced bilingualism, and everyday switching frequency. Furthermore, these deficits are surprisingly met with bilingual advantages in other tasks measuring executive control processes, such as the Simon, Stroop, and flanker task, which are thought to tap into inhibition and conflict monitoring abilities. The current chapter outlines these findings, as well as the current debate surrounding the bilingual advantage: a hypothesized account for everyday language-switching leading to stronger executive function, as measured with behavioral and neuroimaging methods. Inconsistencies across these methods have led to greater urgency for more rigorous experimental control, additional statistical analyses, and new behavioral tasks.
A 1200-TON GOLIATH SHIPYARD CRANE

In today's modern shipyard, an important tool is a crane of heavy lift capacity. A 1200-ton gantry crane, with a span of 119 m (390 ft) between the rails, was recently put into service at the Quincy Shipbuilding Division of General Dynamics Corporation in Quincy, Massachusetts. The paper discribes some design aspects of the crane and the assembly and erection of this massive engineering structure.
PHOTOMETRIC AND OTHER LABORATORY STUDIES RELATING TO THE LUNAR SURFACE

Photometric measurements of light intensity from variety of surfaces to determine lunar surface light scattering characteristics
A Genetic Algorithm Approach for River Management

A genetic algorithm can be effectively applied to the problem of optimizing the operation of a river/reservoir system for maximum economic return. Solution of such problems requires both a detailed model of the system and a powerful optimization technique. Standard approaches often represent a trade-off between model accuracy and optimization capability. When a large system is modeled in detail, optimization techniques such as dynamic programming may prove intractable. Alternately, techniques such as linear programming may not allow accurate system modelling. A genetic algorithm approach allows the use of an accurate system model while retaining powerful search capabilities. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by the results of its application to a complex hydraulic/economic problem based on the Rio Grande Project in southern New Mexico.
Crystalline structure of a liquid crystal forming ligated twin

The solid state crystalline structure of a low molecular weight ligated dimer twin has been examined by TEM and x-ray diffraction methods. In this material each twin consists of a short, central rigid three phenylene ring segment, with short alkane tails attached at both ends; this is joined to its twin by a connecting methyl group. This was found to form a layered structure of period ∼35 A in which the molecule adopts an extended conformation wherein both the alkane tails and the rigid units form their own sub-layers, imparting a mosaic morphology to the system.
Acute Myocarditis Following Influenza Vaccine in a Heart Transplant Patient

Introduction Seasonal influenza vaccine is recommended in heart transplant patients. While it is typically well tolerated, there have been reports of low level histologic rejections . The influenza vaccine itself has been linked to inflammatory myopathies and has also been implicated in a case of myocarditis in a previously healthy individual . We present the first suspected case of myocarditis after influenza vaccine in a heart transplant patient. Case Report A 30-year-old African-American male with familial cardiomyopathy status post heart transplantation 18 months ago developed recurrent significant left ventricular dysfunction. Immediately post transplantation, he had acute graft dysfunction without evidence of acute cellular or antibody mediated rejection and negative donor specific antibodies. He received steroids, IVIG and plasmapheresis with restoration of graft function. 16 moths post-transplant, he had acute cellular rejection in the setting of subtherapeutic tacrolimus levels and was treated with pulse dose steroids with resolution. At 18 months, his EF dropped from 55-60% to 30-35% with a low cardiac index of 1.8, felt to be secondary to a non HLA antibodies given a negative endomyocardial biopsy. Pulse dose steroids resulted in recovery of his LV function by cardiac MRI (LVEF 52%). As part of his care he received the seasonal influenza vaccine. 3 weeks later he presented with dyspnea and fatigue. An echocardiogram at that time showed an ejection fraction of 35-40%. EMB was negative for rejection. A repeat cardiac MRI showed acute myocarditis. Although the EMB was negative for myocarditis, the sensitivity would have increased if a sample from the left ventricle was obtained. Summary This is the first case of a heart transplant patient with suspected acute myocarditis after receiving the influenza vaccine. Although alternative diagnoses cannot be excluded, the proximity of the vaccine and imaging evidence supports a direct correlation.
A raspberry pi operating system for exploring advanced memory system concepts

Modern memory hierarchies are complex pieces of hardware, combining memory controllers, caches, and memory-management units in a desperate attempt to keep modern high-speed processors fed with data. Recent developments, including the introduction of non-volatile memory, further complicate the situation. Operating systems are highly tuned to current memory systems; modifying them to take advantage of new developments is a difficult process. The low-level code involved is complex and hard to follow. This makes teaching students about modern memory systems a struggle, as wading through the complicated code in a full operating system like Linux can be frustrating. To this end we develop vmwOS, a simple operating system designed for low-cost Raspberry Pi development boards. Although inexpensive, these widely used boards support most of the features of modern memory systems, including 64-bit addresses, multi-level caches, multi-core, and full ARMv8 processor and MMU support. vmwOS is simple enough that students can follow the code and make modifications for memory hierarchy exploration. We describe a number of memory research topics that can be explored with this infrastructure, including a detailed examination of simulating non-volatile RAM support.
Themes in paleopathology

Abstract The identification and diagnosis of pathological conditions in human skeletal remains is a key component of paleopathology. However, a number of themes emanate from interpretations of pathological lesions, which extend beyond diagnosis. These themes are rooted in social and identity theory, including feminist and gender theory and the intersectionality of sex, gender, and age, and theories regarding structural violence and human impairment, disability, and care. Each has become critical in the interpretation of pathological lesions in skeletal and mummified remains. Similarly, evaluating and interpreting pathological conditions on the individual level, as well as at the population level, plays an important role in our understanding of the scope and impact of health and disease in the past.
Predictive Model to Probe the Impact of Gravity and Surface Tension on Rising Wetting Thin Films

Utilizing kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we developed a three-dimensional Ising lattice gas model to reveal the wetting mechanism of a liquid film rising along a vertical substrate. The model tak...
Global Crime, Forensic Detective Fiction, and the Continuum of Containment

"Patricia Cornwell, Jeffery Deaver, and Kathy Reichs write forensic detective novels that respond to global crime by aligning their treatment of clues along a continuum of threat containment. Cornwell’s novels take up the genre’s traditional project vigorously, using forensics as a technique to refute the uncertainties of globalizing forces, while Reichs establishes forensics as a tool that often raises questions without answering them and permits a multiplicity of meanings. Deaver falls in between the two, acknowledging the limits of technology to interpret data while expressing hope that forensics can provide some measure of security. Together, these authors allow for an examination of the degree to which forensic detective fiction reacts to the forces of globalization that affect the genre at large as they attempt to mediate the new challenges of twenty-first-century global crime. The forensics laboratory in these texts provides a space for investigation not only of evidence but of the status of evidence in a global context."
Effects of Agricultural Management on Rhizosphere Microbial Structure and Function in Processing Tomato Plants

Agricultural management practices affect bulk soil microbial communities and the functions they carry out, but it remains unclear how these effects extend to the rhizosphere in different agroecosystem contexts. Given close linkages between rhizosphere processes and plant nutrition and productivity, understanding how management practices impact this critical zone is of great importance to optimize plant-soil interactions for agricultural sustainability. A comparison of six paired conventional-organic processing tomato farms was conducted to investigate relationships between management, soil physicochemical parameters, and rhizosphere microbial community composition and functions. Organically managed fields were higher in soil total N and NO3-N, total and labile C, plant Ca, S, and Cu, and other essential nutrients, while soil pH was higher in conventionally managed fields. Differential abundance, indicator species, and random forest analyses of rhizosphere communities revealed compositional differences between organic and conventional systems and identified management-specific microbial taxa. Phylogeny-based trait prediction showed that these differences translated into more abundant pathogenesis-related gene functions in conventional systems. Structural equation modeling revealed a greater effect of soil biological communities than physicochemical parameters on plant outcomes. These results highlight the importance of rhizosphere-specific studies, as plant selection likely interacts with management in regulating microbial communities and functions that impact agricultural productivity.IMPORTANCE Agriculture relies, in part, on close linkages between plants and the microorganisms that live in association with plant roots. These rhizosphere bacteria and fungi are distinct from microbial communities found in the rest of the soil and are even more important to plant nutrient uptake and health. Evidence from field studies shows that agricultural management practices such as fertilization and tillage shape microbial communities in bulk soil, but little is known about how these practices affect the rhizosphere. We investigated how agricultural management affects plant-soil-microbe interactions by comparing soil physical and chemical properties, plant nutrients, and rhizosphere microbial communities from paired fields under organic and conventional management. Our results show that human management effects extend even to microorganisms living in close association with plant roots and highlight the importance of these bacteria and fungi to crop nutrition and productivity.
Albumin Enhances the Rate at Which Coxsackievirus B3 Strain 28 Converts to A-Particles.

Three strains of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) differ by single mutations in capsid protein VP1 or VP3 and also differ in stability at 37°C in tissue culture medium. Among these strains, the CVB3/28 parent strain has been found to be uniquely sensitive to a component in fetal bovine serum (FBS) identified as serum albumin. In cell culture medium, serum increased the rate of CVB3/28 conversion to noninfectious particles at least 2-fold. The effect showed a saturable dose response. Rates of conversion to noninfectious virus with high concentrations of soluble coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (sCAR) were similar with and without FBS, but FBS amplified the catalytic effect of 100 nM sCAR nearly 3-fold. Such effects in other systems are due to nonessential activating cofactors.IMPORTANCE A factor other than the virus receptor expressed by target cells has been found to accelerate the loss of an enterovirus (CVB3/28) infectious titer, with little effect on nearly identical mutant strains. The destabilizing factor in fetal bovine serum, identified as albumin, does not interfere with the catalytic activity of soluble receptor at saturating receptor concentrations and amplifies the catalytic activity of the soluble receptor at a concentration that otherwise produces about one-third the saturated receptor-catalyzed rate of virus decay. This finding evidences the possibility that other virus-"priming" ligands may also be nonessential activating cofactors that serve to accelerate receptor-catalyzed viral eclipse.
Awake Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Technical Note

Advances in modern spinal fusion techniques have allowed for less peri-operative morbidity and more rapid recovery from surgery. The addition of endoscopy to minimally invasive surgery (MIS) fusion techniques represents the latest progression of efforts to minimize the impact of surgical intervention. MIS transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is performed endoscopically through a sub-centimeter working portal. Patients undergo light conscious sedation and remain awake to facilitate feedback with the surgeon and enhance post-operative recovery. Previously reported results of the first 100 cases performed by the senior author at a single institution are summarized. This cohort has been characterized by brief post-operative length of stay, low complication profile, and marked improvement in patient-reported outcomes scores, with no cases of pseudarthrosis at 1-year follow up. The latest technical considerations and adaptations of a novel technique for endoscopic MIS spinal fusion without general anesthesia are described. A refined surgical technique and anesthetic protocol are presented in detail with recommendations for the successful implementation and performance of the procedure.
Nietzsche, Postmodernism, and the Hermeneutics of Suspicion

Thanks to Paul Ricoeur, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud are often described as practitioners of “the hermeneutics of suspicion.” While true, as far as it goes, this description also obscures some fundamental differences. Granted, they were all wary or dismissive of organized religion. But Marx and Freud were heirs to the Enlightenment, who saw the critique of political economy (Marx) and the practice of psychoanalysis (Freud) as methods to reveal truths hidden behind ideological distortions and/or unconscious defense mechanisms and collective fantasies. Nietzsche’s philosophy was rooted in an anti-Enlightenment sensibility. He disparaged the goals of human progress and equality, and believed that slavery is necessary to sustain a robust culture. Furthermore, Marx and Freud believed in the emancipatory power of truth, while Nietzsche depicted truth itself as an illusion, a “ruse of language,” and the will to power. In this, he anticipated much of postmodernism and is often celebrated for it.
The Influence of Jurorsʼ Perceptions of Attorneys and Their Performance on Verdict

The purpose of the present research is to examine whether jurorsʼ perceptions of attorneys and their performance influences verdicts. Five hundred seventy-two jurors (365 criminal, 205 civil, and 2 unidentified trial types) completed surveys rating Prosecution/Plaintiff and Defense attorneys on seven aspects of the attorneys and their performance—opening statements, evidence presentation, closing statements, courtroom demeanor, sincerity, competence, and preparedness—that may influence verdicts. In general, jurorsʼ perceptions were related to their verdicts. First, positive perceptions of the attorneysʼ evidence presentation and preparedness predicted favorable outcomes for both attorneys; though these relationships were stronger for the Prosecution/Plaintiff than the Defense attorneys. Second, while the Prosecution/Plaintiffʼs opening statements did not influence verdicts, Defense attorneys whose opening statements were perceived more favorably were less likely to win their case. Conversely, Defense attorneysʼ closing statements did not influence verdicts, but Prosecution/Plaintiff attorneys whose closing statements were perceived more favorably were more likely to win their case. Finally, perceptions of Prosecution/Plaintiff attorneysʼ sincerity were negatively related to a favorable verdict. These findings have implications for attorneys. Those who are attuned to the way they are being perceived by jurors can make changes to improve their chances of receiving a verdict in their (or their clientʼs) favor.
Left ventricle unloading strategies in ECMO: A single‐center experience

Introduction Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving technology capable of restoring perfusion but is not without significant complications that limit its realizable therapeutic benefit. ECMO-induced hemodynamics increase cardiac afterload risking left ventricular distention and impaired cardiac recovery. To mitigate potentially harmful effects, multiple strategies to unload the left ventricle (LV) are used in clinical practice but data supporting the optimal approach is presently lacking. Materials & methods We reviewed outcomes of our ECMO population from September 2015 through January 2019 to determine if our LV unloading strategies were associated with patient outcomes. We compared reactive (Group 1, n = 30) versus immediate (Group 2, n = 33) LV unloading and then compared patients unloaded with an Impella CP (n = 19) versus an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP, n = 16), analyzing survival and ECMO-related complications. Results Survival was similar between Groups 1 and 2 (33 vs 42%, P = .426) with Group 2 experiencing more clinically-significant hemorrhage (40 vs. 67%, P = .034). Survival and ECMO-related complications were similar between patients unloaded with an Impella versus an IABP. However, the Impella group exhibited a higher rate of survival (37%) than predicted by their median SAVE score (18%). Discussion Based on this analysis, reactive unloading appears to be a viable strategy while venting with the Impella CP provides better than anticipated survival. Our findings correlate with recent large cohort studies and motivate further work to design clinical guidelines and future trial design.
A novel multi-task linear mixed model for smartphone-based telemonitoring

Abstract Telemonitoring is the use of electronic devices including smartphones to remotely monitor patients. Using predictive models, telemonitoring data can be translated into a clinical indicator of disease severity, thus allowing physicians to assess patient conditions more frequently and adjust treatment. This greatly complements conventional in-clinic medical examination that requires patients’ physical presence in a specialized clinic, which is logistically inconvenient, costly, and far less frequent. The challenge, however, is the need for a patient-specific predictive model to address patient heterogeneity. Training a patient-specific model suffers from small sample sizes. This can be potentially tackled by multi-task learning (MTL), which builds models for multiple related tasks (e.g., patients with the same disease) jointly to allow the models to borrow strength from each other. Existing MTL models do not suffice because they typically assume sample independence, but the samples in a telemonitoring application correspond to repeated measurements over time for the same patient that have an inherent correlation. This special data characteristic requires a linear mixed model (LMM), which has not been integrated with MTL in the existing literature. We propose a new Multi -task L inear M ixed M odel (MultiLMM) model that integrates MTL and LMM in a single framework. Our methodological contributions include a mathematical formulation for MultiLMM, an efficient and converging algorithm for parameter estimation, and a theoretical analysis to reveal the reason why MultiLMM outperforms LMM by integrating the multi-task learning capability. Our simulation studies demonstrate better performance of MultiLMM than LMM under various scenarios. Finally, we present an application of using MultiLMM to predict the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), a clinical instrument for measuring PD severity, based on tapping signals collected by the mPower app installed on patients’ smartphones. MultiLMM shows higher prediction accuracy than a collection of competing approaches under different training sample sizes.
7-Azaindolequinuclidinones (7-AIQD): A novel class of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor ligands.

Abstract A series of N-benzyl-7-azaindolequinuclidinone (7-AIQD) analogs have been synthesized and evaluated for affinity toward CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and identified as a novel class of cannabinoid receptor ligands. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies indicate that 7-AIQD analogs are dual CB1/CB2 receptor ligands exhibiting high potency with somewhat greater selectivity towards CB2 receptors compared to the previously reported indolequinuclidinone (IQD) analogs. Initial binding assays showed that 7-AIQD analogs 8b, 8d, 8f, 8g and 9b (1 μM) produced more that 50% displacement of the CB1/CB2 non-selective agonist CP-55,940 (0.1 nM). Furthermore, Ki values determined from full competition binding curves showed that analogs 8a, 8b and 8g exhibit high affinity (110, 115 and 23.7 nM, respectively) and moderate selectivity (26.3, 6.1 and 9.2-fold, respectively) for CB2 relative to CB1 receptors. Functional studies examining modulation of G-protein activity demonstrated that 8a acts as a neutral antagonist at CB1 and CB2 receptors, while 8b exhibits inverse agonist activity at these receptors. Analogs 8f and 8g exhibit different intrinsic activities, depending on the receptor examined. Molecular docking and binding free energy calculations for the most active compounds (8a, 8b, 8f, and 8g) were performed to better understand the CB2 receptor-selective mechanism at the atomic level. Compound 8g exhibited the highest predicted binding affinity at both CB1 and CB2 receptors, and all four compounds were shown to have higher predicted binding affinities with the CB2 receptor compared to their corresponding binding affinities with the CB1 receptor. Further structural optimization of 7-AIQD analogs may lead to the identification of potential clinical agents.
Estimating Net Coverage of Segments in ABS Frames

The literature has no standard method for estimating the coverage of area probability segments in address-based frames. Versatility is desirable for different study needs, but standardization impro...
A Novel 4IR Framework for Interwell Saturation Mapping

Summary This work focuses on a novel artificial intelligence framework for interwell saturation mapping, incorporating geophysical deep electromagnetic (EM) tomography into near wellbore high resolution characterization. Well logs, dynamic production data and a crosswell electromagnetic tomography of a reservoir volume around the wellbore were used as an AI training set and then subsequently employed to obtain better diagnostics of interwell saturation mapping of the interwell volume in a tight fractured carbonate reservoir. The innovative 4IR approach was deployed on a realistic reservoir box model of fractured carbonate formations, delivering promising results for a more general application in different geological contexts.
Estimating the Number of Patients Eligible for Carbon Ion Radiotherapy in the United States.

Purpose Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging radiotherapy modality with potential advantages over conventional photon-based therapy, including exhibiting a Bragg peak and greater relative biological effectiveness, leading to a higher degree of cell kill. Currently, 13 centers are treating with CIRT, although there are no centers in the United States. We aimed to estimate the number of patients eligible for a CIRT center in the United States. Materials and methods Using the National Cancer Database, we analyzed the incidence of cancers frequently treated with CIRT internationally (glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, localized prostate cancer, soft tissue sarcomas, and specific head and neck cancers) diagnosed in the United States in 2015. The percentage and number of patients likely benefiting from CIRT was estimated with inclusion criteria from clinical trials and retrospective studies, and that ratio was applied to 2019 cancer statistics. An adaption correction rate was applied to estimate the potential number of patients treated with CIRT. Given the high dependency on prostate and lung cancers and the uncertain adoption of CIRT in those diseases, the data were then reanalyzed excluding those diagnoses. Results Of the 1 127 455 new cases of cancer diagnosed in the United States in 2015, there were 213 073 patients (18.9%) eligible for treatment with CIRT based on inclusion criteria. When applying this rate and the adaption correction rate to the 2019 incidence data, an estimated 89 946 patients (42.2% of those fitting inclusion criteria) are eligible for CIRT. Excluding prostate and lung cancers, there were an estimated 8922 patients (10% of those eligible for CIRT) eligible for CIRT. The number of patients eligible for CIRT is estimated to increase by 25% to 27.7% by 2025. Conclusion Our analysis suggests a need for CIRT in the United States in 2019, with the number of patients possibly eligible to receive CIRT expected to increase during the coming 5 to 10 years.
Design of specimen holders for flow accelerated corrosion experiments in molten lead with numerical evaluation of pressure losses

Abstract A material corrosion test loop (“Lobo Lead Loop”) has been established at the University of New Mexico to investigate the compatibility of structural materials with flowing molten lead. The project aims to prequalify materials for Versatile Test Reactor (VTR) testing and support the development of computational models of flow accelerated corrosion in molten lead. The Lobo Lead Loop is designed to operate at high temperatures up to 700 °C and high mean flow velocities reaching 3 m/s within the specimen holder channels. Numerical simulations are utilized to design loop components with performance that allows for achieving the operation targets. Specimen holders are designed for (a) multi-material testing at 3 m/sec, (b) multi-velocity testing, (c) shear stress testing, and (d) high temperature (≥600 °C) testing at low mass flow rates. The computational fluid dynamics models used are shown to produce results in agreement with experimental data for flow in pipes. The models are then used in parametric analyses to identify parameters of importance to specimen holder design and computation of pressure losses for flows along smooth and rough specimen walls. Specimen holder designs for the purposes outlined are presented along with performance curves. The maximum achievable flow rate is estimated based on the intersection of the pump performance curve with the system curve.
Selection of arboreal termitaria for nesting by cooperatively breeding Micronesian Kingfishers Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii

Limited nest-site availability appears to be an important factor in the evolution of delayed dispersal and cooperative breeding in some cavity-nesting species. The cooperatively breeding Pohnpei subspecies of Micronesian Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus reichenbachii excavates nest cavities from the nests of arboreal termites Nasutitermes spp., or termitaria. In this first published description of nest-sites for this subspecies, we used surveys, remote sensing and radiotelemetry to evaluate the relationship between nest-site availability and co-operation. Results illustrate that nest termitaria are higher in the forest canopy, larger in volume and occur in areas with more contiguous canopy cover than unused termitaria. Nest termitaria were selected independently of the proximity to forest edges and territory boundaries, and we found no difference in characteristics of termitaria used by cooperative groups and breeding pairs. Logistic regression modelling indicated that termitaria with nest-like characteristics were not limited in abundance, suggesting that neither the prospects of inheriting nesting resources nor limited nest-site abundance are probable explanations for delayed dispersal in the Pohnpei subspecies of Micronesian Kingfisher.
Harassing “Girls” at the Hard Rock: Masculinities in Sexualized Environments

Masculinities theory explains that masculinity is constructed in relation to a dominant image of gender difference, ultimately defining itself simply as what "femininity" is not. In the workplace, masculinities comprise both a structure that reinforces the superiority of men over women, and a series of practices associated with masculine behavior (performed by men and women) that maintain men's superior position over women at work. This article applies masculinities theory to analyze whether Title VII should protect women employees in highly sexualized workplaces from sex- or gender-based hostile work environments, created by customers and tolerated by the employer. The author employs a case study of the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. Through its advertisements and policies, the Hard Rock creates a highly sexualized workplace for its female blackjack dealers, producing an atmosphere imbued with aggressive masculinities that create a stressful working environment. The Hard Rock promotes and ratifies this behavior by constructing this environment, yet instituting few safeguards to protect its women employees. The Hard Rock case study raises serious questions concerning the application of Title VII to protect women working in highly sexualized workplaces from hostile work environments. The author reaches several conclusions. First, courts should consider the context of the workplace and the job the woman performs in determining whether her employer has violated Title VII. Second, the Bona Fide Occupational Qualification defense should not expand to defend an employer's failure to protect women employees from harassing behavior in a highly sexualized workplace. Finally, although employees should bear some responsibility to complain about harassment, the employer, who creates the sexualized environment and profits from it, rather than the individual employee, has the greater opportunity to control and prevent harassing behavior, and therefore should take extra precautions to assure employees are not suffering from harassment by customers.
Friends or enemies? : Generational politics in the Korean American community in Los Angeles

This paper examines generational politics in the Korean American community in Los Angeles. After outlining how the Immigration Act of 1965 led to the acceleration of generational transition in the contemporary immigrant experience, the paper focuses its attention on the entry of the post-immigrant generation into Korean American community politics. Relying on interviews and case studies, the entry of the post-immigrant generation is examined both as a source of new political resources for community mobilization as well as a new source of intra-community conflict. As greater numbers of the post-immigrant generation reach adulthood and become active in political affairs, the issue of generational politics will play an increasingly important role for shaping not only the political developments in immigrant communities but also the broader politics of the American society.
Invertebrate Organisms Associated with Alfalfa Seedling Loss in Complete-Tillage and No-Tillage Plantings

Several reports have indicated that poor stands often result when alfalfa is planted in grass sod by methods which utilize little or no tillage. The possible relationship of insects and other invertebrate animals to this phenomenon was investigated in late-summer and spring plantings in bluegrass sod. Seedling growth was significantly reduced and seedling density loss was significantly greater in no-tillage plots as compared with complete-tillage plots. Data obtained by trapping and visual observations indicated that slugs, primarily Agriolimax reticulatus (Mull.), and Nemobius spp. crickets were the major defoliators of alfalfa seedlings in no-tillage plots. Application of carbofuran or methiocarb at planting did not significantly affect the rate of seedling loss, but initial seedling densities were greater in carbofuran-treated plots than in untreated plots. Carbofuran significantly reduced Nemobius spp. densities for only 2 to 3 weeks, and methiocarb failed to reduce slug activity. Slug densities in the late-summer planting were more than five times greater in carbofuran-treated plots than in untreated plots.
Antisense inhibition of AT1 receptor mRNA and angiotensinogen mRNA in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats reduces hypertension of neurogenic origin

Abstract To determine the role of angiotensinogen and angiotensin II type-1 (AT1) receptor genes in hypertension, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were injected with synthetic antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v). Antisense ODNs were constructed to bases −5 to +13 of angiotensinogen mRNA (18-mer) and to bases +63 to +77 (15-mer) of angiotensin II type-1 receptor mRNA. Hypertension was significantly reduced by the application of 50 μg of both antisense ODNs to normotensive levels. The phosphorothioated antisense ODN to the AT1 receptor produced long-lasting (7 days) decreases in blood pressure. After AT1 antisense treatment, AT1 receptors were reduced in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and in the anterior third ventricle area (AV3V). Following angiotensinogen antisense treatment, angiotensin II levels were significantly reduced in the brainstem ( P ), indicating arrest of angiotensin II synthesis. The results demonstrate that inhibiting the brain renin-angiotensin system by antisense inhibition of the angiotensinogen and the AT1 receptor genes, lowers high blood pressure in the SHR. The antisense administration to specific genes of the tissue renin-angiotensin system offers the possibility of a new approach to developing antihypertension treatments.
Scattering Corrections To Visible And Infrared Transmittance Measurements In Falling Snow

A method is presented for extracting corrected extinction coefficients from transmittance measurements in a scattering atmosphere, by computing the unscattered, first-order scattered, and second-order scattered contributions to received power. These computations are based on the optical phase function of the scattering particles and on the optical characteristics of the measuring system. The method is applied to transmittance measurements in falling snow, which were made simultaneously at 0.6328, 1.06, 3 to 5, and 8 to 12 micrometers by using two laser transmissometers and an infrared transmissometer on a one kilometer horizontal outdoor path. The optical phase function of the snow crystals was measured at the same time as the snow transmittance measurements, by using a polar nephelometer with a 0.6328 micrometer light source. Models based on geometrical optics was then fitted to the measured data to generate a continuous function from 0 to 180 degrees, and this model was also used to extend the phase function to 1.06, 3 to 5, and 8 to 12 micro-meters. Extinction coefficients extracted by this method from the 1.06, 3 to 5, and 8 to 12 micrometer transmittance data are compared to those at 0.6328 micrometers.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Optical cryptography using a multifaceted reference-beam hologram

Les hologrammes codes faits avec des elements optiques a plusieurs facettes sont faciles a reconstruire car la sensibilite a l'alignement est de l'ordre de la taille d'une facette. Ils offrent la securite pour l'information avec des combinaisons possibles des codes comme N! (N est le nombre de facettes)
Self-Adaptive Control Synchronization Research of Double Exciting Motors

Based on the single-mass nonlinear vibration system that driven by double exciting motors, the harmonic vibration adaptive control synchronous strategy for the double exciting motors had been designed in the paper. Based on the motion feedback of the double exciting motors to adaptive modify the control parameter of the synchronization controller, make the multi-exciting motors to realize the angular speed equal and phase difference constant synchronous movement. And during the synchronous motion process, adjust the adaptive law to improve the synchronously motion stability margin. The simulation experiments had been carried out based on the simulation model that established in the paper and the experimental results showed that the harmonic vibration synchronization control strategy can achieve satisfactory control accuracy and robustness.
STRUCTURE RESULTS FOR NORMALIZERS OF II1 FACTORS

For an inclusion N ⊆ M of II1 factors, we study the group of normalizers and the von Neumann algebra it generates. We first show that imposes a certain "discrete" structure on the generated von Neumann algebra. By analyzing the bimodule structure of certain subalgebras of , this leads to a "Galois-type" theorem for normalizers, in which we find a description of the subalgebras of in terms of a unique countable subgroup of . Implications for inclusions B ⊆ M arising from the crossed product, group von Neumann algebra, and tensor product constructions will also be addressed. Our work leads to a construction of new examples of norming subalgebras in finite von Neumann algebras: If N ⊆ M is a regular inclusion of II1 factors, then N norms M.
Lattice vibration motional averaging in nuclear quadrupole resonance of molecular crystals. II. Consequences of translationlibration coupling

Abstract The contribution of the acoustic branch frequencies to the librational motional averaging of the nuclear quadrupole resonance Hamiltonian in molecular crystals is examined in two simple linear chain models. Coupling between the translational and librational motions of the molecules in forming the normal coordinates causes the mean square librational amplitudes 〈θ2〉 to depend on the frequencies in both the optical and acoustical branches of the phonon spectrum. In the models studied it is found that the acoustic modes make significant contributions to 〈θ2〉 and that the functional dependence of 〈θ2〉 on wavevector does not necessarily reflect the dispersion in the optical branch as has often been assumed in the literature. It is therefore concluded that NQR cannot unambiguously determine average optical branch frequencies in molecular crystals.
Changes in Oral Reading Strategies as a Function of Quantities of Miscues.

Changes in oral reading miscues as a function of quantity of miscues were studied by evaluating the tape-recorded oral reading of 30 eighth-grade children reading passages of sixth-, eighth-, eleventh-, and thirteenth-grade readability. Children reading with 95-99% accuracy tended to make NONSENSE errors on unfamiliar words; whereas, children reading with 90-94% accuracy omitted such words. Results showed that reading with 90-94% accuracy resulted in a greater percentage of MEANING LOSS errors than reading with 95-99% accuracy. Results imply that reading from materials where fewer than 5% error occurs may result in more efficient use of the cue systems in reading. The analysis of oral reading miscues (Goodman, K., 1965) as a methodolgy for the study of reading has received much attention. While the assumptions underlying miscue analysis are being challenged (e.g., Mosenthal, 1976), others are focusing on the refinement of the methods of study (e.g.. Hood, 1976), and on the identification of factors affecting the types of miscues made by readers (e.g., Cohen, 1974). One factor which has been cited as affecting miscue type is the difficulty level of the selection for the reader. McCracken (1967) suggests that a good reader in sixth-grade may make: (a) no errors when reading from a third-grade reader; (b) repetitions when reading from a fourth-grade reader; (c) substitutions when reading from sixthand seventh-grade materials but will correct the errors; and (d) uncorrected substitutions when reading eighthand ninth-grade materials. The effect of oral reading accuracy on the quality of miscues made was also described by Y. Goodman (1972). The oral reading miscues of the one child studied showed that as the number of miscues increased the number which resulted in a loss of meaning also increased (Goodman, Y., 1972). Despite these reports, most researchers have not controlled for the oral reading accuracy level of subjects. Thus, studies may attribute miscue differences between two groups of subjects to characteristics of the children (e.g., average readers vs. below-average readers) when the groups are reading at different accuracy levels (e.g., Weber, 1970). It is likely that some of these miscue differences are a function of the accuracy levels at which the children were reading. The first purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of oral reading accuracy on the types of miscues made by readers. Another issue surrounding oral reading miscue analysis lies in the relationship of miscues to comprehension. It seems necessary to identify the types of miscues which affect comprehension. The second purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship of oral reading accuracy (and resulting miscue types) to comprehension as measured by the cloze technique (Bormuth, 1968).