cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Leopard syndrome with manic psychosis

Multiple lentigines (or leopard) syndrome is a complex developmental disorder with defects in a variety of organ $)'stems. Gortin and associatesl suggested in 1969 that inultiple lentigines (freckles) accompanied by developnient~1 defects constituted a hereditary syndrome, for which they coined the mnemonic term "Leopard": L-Ientigines (multiple); E-electrocardiographic abnormalities; O-ocular hypertelorism; P-pulmonary stenosis; A-abnormalities of genitalia; R-retardation of growth; and D-deafness (sensori-neural)-the central features of this syndrome. Voron and associates2 reviewed 80 cases presented in the literature prior to 1976. They reported no psychiatric disorders with the exception of mental retardation. Kuhn and associates3 described a patient with intermittent depression. Galaction-Nitelea and Dociu4 found a family with multiple lentigines syndrome, psychopathy, alcoholism, and mental retardation. We observed a patient with multiple lentigines syndrome who also had mitral valve prolapse, Gilbert's disease (a benign hereditary hyperbilirubinemia), and a mania-like psychosis-three disorders that have not been previously associated with leopard syndrome.
A kinetic study of the reactions of vanadium, iron, and cobalt with sulfur dioxide

A kinetic study of the reactions of ground state V, Fe, and Co with SO2 is reported. V, Fe, and Co were produced by the 248 nm photodissociation of VCl4, ferrocene, and Co(C5H5)(CO)2, respectively, and were detected by laser-induced fluorescence. V + SO2 proceeds by an abstraction reaction with rate constants given by k = (2.33 ± 0.57) × 10−10 exp[−(1.14 ± 0.19) kcal mol−1/RT] cm3 molecule−1 s−1 over the temperature range 296–571 K. Fe + SO2 was studied in the N2 buffer range of 10–185 Torr between 294 and 498 K. The limiting, low-pressure third-order rate constants are given by k0 = (3.45 ± 1.19) × 10−30 exp[−(2.81 ± 0.24) kcal mol−1/RT] cm6 molecule−2 s−1. Co + SO2 was studied in the CO2 buffer range of 5–40 Torr between 294 and 498 K. This reaction is independent of temperature over the indicated range and has a third-order rate constant of k0 = (5.23 ± 0.28) × 10−31 cm6 molecule−2 s−1. Results of this work are compared to previous work on the Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, and Ni + SO2 systems. The reaction efficiencies for the abstraction reactions depend on the ionization energies of the transition metal atoms and on the reaction exothermicities, and the reaction efficiencies of the association reactions are strongly dependent on the energies needed to promote an electron from a 4s2 configuration to a 4s1 configuration.
Epidemiology of spotted wilt disease of peanut caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus in the southeastern U.S.

Spotted wilt disease of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) (SWP), caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) (genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae), was first observed in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia in the late 1980s and rapidly became a major limiting factor for peanut production in the region. Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca) and western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) both occur on peanut throughout the southeastern U.S., but F. fusca is the predominant species that reproduces on peanut, and is considered to be the more important vector. Several non-crop sources of potential primary vectors and TSWV inoculum have been identified, but their relative importance has not been determined. The peanut growing season in Alabama, Florida, and Georgia is from April through November, and 'volunteer' peanut plants can be present for much of the remainder of the year. Therefore peanut itself has huge potential for perpetuating both vector and virus. Symptoms are often evident within a few days of seedling emergence, and disease progress is often rapid within the first 50-60 days after planting. Based on destructive sampling and assays for TSWV, there is often a high incidence of asymptomatic infections even in peanut genotypes that produce few and mild symptoms of infection in the field. Severity of SWP epidemics fluctuates significantly from year to year. The variability has not been fully explained, but lower incidences have been associated with years categorized as "La Nina" in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. Planting date can have a large effect on disease incidence within a location. This may be linked to the thrips reproductive cycle and environmental effects on the plant and plant-thrips-virus interactions. Row pattern, plant population, and in-furrow applications of phorate insecticide can also affect epidemics of SWP. Considerable progress has been made in developing cultivars with natural field resistance to TSWV. Use of cultivars with moderate field resistance combined with other suppressive measures has been very successful for managing spotted wilt disease. Several new cultivars with higher levels of field resistance can improve control and allow more flexibility in the integrated management programme. Although effects of these factors on epidemics of SWP have been documented, mechanisms responsible for disease suppression by most factors have not been fully elucidated.
Debye-Hückel theory for particles of arbitrary electrical structure

Classical linearized Debye–Huckel theory is formulated for a finite fluid system, of arbitrary shape, composed of rigid particles with arbitrary internal electrical structure. The multipole description is eschewed in favor of the more basic description of a particle in terms of its charge density function. This function is left arbitrary, so the particles may be charged or neutral, polar or nonpolar, etc. The theory implies that the direct correlation function c(12)=−v(12)/kT, where v(12) is the Coulomb interaction energy between the charge densities of particles 1 and 2. In the case of uncharged polar molecules, the dielectric constant may be evaluated in closed form from c(12); the result is the Langevin–Debye equation. This development removes the nonuniqueness in the original formulation of dipolar Debye–Huckel theory [J. Chem. Phys. 64, 3666 (1976)], and demonstrates that this nonuniqueness was an artifact of the multipole description rather than the mean‐field approximation. Specialization to the ca...
Automation of repetitive web browsing tasks with voice-enabled macros

Non-visual aural web browsing remains inefficient as compared to regular browsing with visual modalities. This paper proposes an approach for automation of repetitive browsing tasks by using personalized macros, which are easy to record and replay with a speech-enabled interface. The prototype system is implemented in the framework of the HearSay non-visual web browser.
Electrode materials for the photoelectrolysis of water

Abstract There has recently been a renewed interest in photoelectrochemical processes at semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces for possible applications in solar conversion. In particular, the photoelectrolysis of water by sunlight in electrochemical cells to produce the fuel H 2 has resulted in considerable research. In this paper, the concepts of photoelectrolysis are used as a guide for deriving the physical and chemical properties necessary for materials to be efficient electrodes in such cells. Presently available materials are considered in this context along with prospects for the future.
Deletion of 60 kilobase pairs of DNA from the terC region of the chromosome of Escherichia coli.

The terminus of replication (terC) of the chromosome of Escherichia coli is located between the rac (min 30.0) and manA (min 35.7) loci, presumably close to the trg (min 31.4) locus. We have used a strain containing λ reverse (min 30.0) and trg-2:: Tn10 (min 31.4) to obtain deletions of the entire 60 kilobase pair region that separates these elements. Strains harboring these deletions possessed fusion fragments that contained DNA homologous to both λ reverse and trg region DNA. In addition, chromosomal DNA normally present between min 30.0 and min 31.4 was absent in these strains. The strains had no readily apparent mutant phenotype, which demonstrates that this large region of DNA is not essential for normal growth.
Inability of polyglycolic acid mesh to inhibit immediate post-radical pelvic surgery adhesions.

Abstract The ability of a polyglycolic acid (PGA)-derived mesh to limit the formation of immediate postoperative pelvic adhesions after radical resection of the pelvic viscera and peritoneum was investigated. Twenty female canines underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and infracolonic omentectomy. The entire peritoneum of the pelvis and lower abdomen also was removed. In ten animals, a single layer of PGA mesh, tailored to cover the deperitonealized area, was sutured in place. Reperitonealization was not performed in control animals. Four weeks after initial surgery, animals were reexplored and killed. Adhesions to the anterior abdominal wall and pelvis were quantified and graded: nAnterior abdominal wallPelvisAbscessesMesh102.93 ± 1.5015.13 ± 15.194Control100.18 ± 0.26 (P
Blood Pressure Characteristics of Female Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-Leprfa Rats

Blood pressure in female SDT-fa/fa rats was periodically investigated at ages 8, 16, and 24 weeks. Furthermore, an insulin therapy was performed for 5 weeks in the female rats at age 11 weeks, and the change of blood pressure was examined. In addition to obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia, hyperleptinemia and increased urinary angiotensinogen level were observed during the experimental period. Blood pressure was elevated at ages 8 and 16 weeks, but that at 24 weeks was comparable to that in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Heart rate was decreased from age 8 to 24 weeks. Insulin therapy induced good glycemic control and improvement of hyperlipidemia, but the blood pressure was not reduced. Blood pressure in female SDT-fa/fa rats was elevated temporarily. The blood pressure was not decreased by insulin treatment. SDT-fa/fa rat is a useful model to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
Remote Sensing and Computed Tomography in Industrial Hygiene

This research addresses a method for monitoring a workplace that can provide accurate “topographic” maps of chemical concentrations throughout a room in “real time.” This method couples the chemical detection techniques of optical remote sensing with the mapping capabilities of computed tomography. With remote sensing, a network of readings can be taken across a room quickly; computerized tomographic procedures use these data to reconstruct quickly the spatial distribution of pollutants throughout the room. The tomographic aspects of this work are addressed by evaluating theoretical arrangements of light sources and detectors using test data that simulate different pollutant distributions in a room. Six sets of test data were used to decide how well this method can reconstruct the concentration profile of a pollutant in a workroom. Ideal and nonideal sampling conditions were used to evaluate the reconstructions of chemical concentration distributions. Results indicate that using ideal sampling conditions,...
Relationship of disinhibition and aggression to blunted prolactin response to meta-chlorophenylpiperazine in cocaine-dependent patients.

Rationale Considerable evidence indicates that serotonergic (5-HT) mechanisms may mediate central effects of cocaine, and disinhibition and aggression.
Precipitation Changes in High Southern Latitudes from Global Reanalyses: A Cautionary Tale

The temporal consistency of the moisture fields (precipitation, evaporation and total precipitable water) from five global reanalyses is examined over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean during 1989–2009. This concern is important given that (1) global reanalyses are known to be prone to inhomogeneities and artificial trends caused by changes in the observing system, and (2) the period of study has seen a dramatic increase in the volume of satellite observations available for data assimilation. In particular, the study aims to determine whether the recent reanalyses are suitable for investigating changes in Antarctic surface mass balance. The datasets investigated consist of NCEP-2, JRA-25, ERA-Interim, MERRA and CFSR. Strong evidence of spurious changes is found in NCEP-2, JRA-25, MERRA and CFSR, although the magnitude, spatial patterns and timing of these artifacts vary between the reanalyses. MERRA exhibits a jump in Antarctic precipitation-minus-evaporation (P–E) and in Southern Ocean precipitation in the late 1990s. This jump is related to the introduction of sounding radiances from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU). The impact of AMSU is also discernible, albeit less pronounced, in CFSR data. It is shown that ERA-Interim likely provides the most realistic depiction of the interannual variability and overall change in Antarctic P–E since 1989. We conclude that the presence of spurious changes is not a solved problem in recent global reanalyses. Caution should continue to be exercised when using these datasets for trend analyses in general, particularly in high southern latitudes.
Computer Viruses: An Assessment of Student Perceptions

Abstract Virtually every computer installation is susceptible to the damage that computer viruses may cause. Without appropriate precautionary measures, it is difficult to contain/prevent the spread of these unwanted interlopers. The key to such precautionary measures is education about viruses and the damage they can cause. This article presents the findings of a study undertaken to assess what business college students know about viruses. The results indicate that, though the majority of students have some computer virus knowledge, they are surprisingly naive about many aspects of the phenomenon.
Comparison of total fetal activity measurement with the biophysical profile in predicting intra‐amniotic infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes

A comparison was made between measurement of total fetal activity and biophysical profile as predictors of infection in preterm premature rupture of membranes. Sixty-four patients with premature rupture of membranes, not in labor, between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation were studied. All patients had an amniocentesis and 25 patients were diagnosed as having intra-amniotic infection. The sensitivities of the tests were 96% and 92%, respectively, with specificities of 82% and 59%. Measurement of the total fetal activity had significantly better specificity. Copyright © 1991 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
A gene encoding a small, acid-soluble spore protein from alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4

An 1100-bp DNA fragment cloned from alkaliphilic Bacillus firmus OF4 contained an open reading frame deduced to encode a 54-amino-acid, glutamine-rich protein with 35.6% identity to Bacillus subtilis small, acid-soluble spore protein-gamma (SASP-gamma) in a 45-aa overlap. This ORF, designated sspA, lacks the lengthy sequence repeat characteristic of previously cloned SASP-gamma-encoding genes. Southern analysis under conditions of moderate stringency revealed six bands, suggesting the presence of several related genes in the alkaliphile.
New, efficient electroluminescent materials based onorganometallic Ir complexes

Reaction of IrCl3 with fluorinated 2-arylpyridines in the presence of AgO2CCF3 affords fac-tris-cyclometalated arylpyridine Ir complexes exhibiting excellent processing and electroluminescent properties which can be fine-tuned via systematic control of the nature and position of the substituents on the aromatic rings.
Structural phase transitions in donor doped BaTiO3 and effects on PTCR behavior

In this study, in situ transmission electron microscopy studies were used to examine and characterize domain formation and phase transformation mechanisms in donor doped, PTCR BaTiO3 materials. A significant and abrupt change in resistivity occurs as a result of a non-uniform boundary structure, the result of variability in strain state and non-uniform potential energy barrier along the grain boundary. In the highly stressed grain boundary regions, the ferroelectric phase transformation is very rapid with martensitic type character. During the phase transformation process, the sudden release of stress and change in structure, in the limited number of conducting regions along the grain boundary, were found to be the dominant factors behind the driving force for a sudden and abrupt change in resistance.
Are large, fluorescent spots in aged mouse brain due to lesioning of catecholamine neurons?

Abstract Age-related, large intensely fluorescent (LIF) catecholamine-containing spots were discovered in mouse brain. The similarity of their appearance to “piled-up” fluorescent material observed in catecholamine (CA) nerve tracts after 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions suggests that LIF spots may be due to accumulation of CA in neurons whose distal portions are undergoing degeneration. When senescent mouse brain were examined longitudinal to monoaminergic tracts by the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence method, some elongated, large fluorescent structures were observed. This suggests an axonal swelling and accumulation of CA proximal to a lesion. One month after lesioning by intraventricular injections of 6-OHDA, the number of large fluorescent accumulations was significantly reduced. CA accumulations due to lesioning, thus, do not generally remain for the life of the animal. Hence if LIF spots are caused by lesioning, they may be turning over, and the number of LIF spots present at any one time represents only newly formed spots.
6.2.1 Tradeoff Studies and Cognitive Biases

Tradeoff studies involving human subjective calibration and data updating are often distrusted by decision makers. A review of objectivity and subjectivity in decision making shows that Prospect Theory is a good model for actual human decision making. Similarities between the elements of tradeoff studies and the elements of experiments in cognitive science show that tradeoff studies are susceptible to human cognitive biases. Examples of relevant biases are given.
The mechanism of a hydrogen-dislocation interaction in b.c.c. metals: Embrittlement and dislocation motion

In this paper the interaction between a Peierls-Nabarro edge dislocation and a hydrogen ion in the core of the dislocation is characterized. The model assumes the formation of a chemical bond between the metal atoms at the dislocation line and hydrogen. The center of charge of this bond is shifted towards the hydrogen. The compressive strain caused by the presence of a hydrogen ion (with a Pauling radius of 0.153 nm) at the dislocation core is shown to be related to the hydrogen-edge dislocation interaction energy in niobium, iron, vanadium and tantalum. The agreement between our calculations and the results from hydrogen-related internal friction is excellent. This supports the idea of a continuous injection of dislocations to a growing crack tip. A discussion of the embrittlement phenomena, the dislocation solute saturation and the chemisorption kinetics of hydrogen in b.c.c. iron is also presented.
New sequences for phase-alternated broadband decoupling

Abstract Many phase-alternated decoupling sequences have been tested for broadband decoupling in liquid. A number of sequences having effective decoupling bandwidths comparable or larger than that of WALTZ-16 have been found. The acronym PAR (Phase Alternated Rotation of magnetization) is used for these sequences.
Congressional redistricting and African-American representation in the 1990s: an example from Alabama

Abstract The decennial process of redrawing US congressional districts in 1991–1992 contrasted greatly with that occurring a decade ago. In light of amendments to the Voting Rights Act and court decisions, some traditional redistricting criteria were substantially devalued. After equal population, the criterion of racial or ethnic fairness is now the dominant consideration. This paper uses Alabama, a state not having elected a minority to Congress in over a century, as an example of the far-reaching impact of these changes. It finds the redistricting process was heavily influenced by partisan agendas, racial politics and substantial and continuing confusion over the demands of the Voting Rights Act.
Effect of basal-plane stacking faults on the Bragg peak broadening in m-plane GaN

The effect of basal-plane stacking faults on the Bragg peak broadening in m-plane GaN is studied using X-ray diffraction ω-scans and ω/2θ-scans. The analysis considers the coexistence of multiple broadening contributions including tilt, twist, limited coherence length, and micro-strain. Although the effects of basal-plane stacking faults are detectable in the different configurations used in this study, we show that the ω-scans in the asymmetric geometry are better suited for quantifying basal-plane stacking fault-related broadening, since the broadening due to twist does not affect the ω-scan profiles in such diffraction geometries (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of cerebral angiography, pneumoencephalography, myelography and ventriculography on the electrocardiogram.

Abstract The electrocardiograms of 50 patients were recorded immediately before and after they underwent cerebral angiography, ventriculography, myelography or pneumoencephalography. Definite electrocardiographic changes were produced by the diagnostic procedure in 78 percent of patients. Cerebral angiography caused the most serious electrocardiographic alterations, one patient manifesting the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome after the procedure. The alterations ranged from slight to marked P, QRS or T wave changes, alone or in combination. The electrocardiographic alterations produced by the four central nervous system diagnostic procedures were probably mediated through parasympathetic and sympathetic cardiac innervation.
An algorithm for the treatment of Vancouver type B2 periprosthetic proximal femoral fractures.

Abstract The number of individuals with periprosthetic fractures of the proximal part of the femur is increasing. Multiple treatment methods have been described but none that correlate to fracture type and few with mostly good-to-excellent results. This article describes an algorithmic reconstruction tactic for treating patients with periprosthetic fractures associated with a loose femoral component. The stem is approached through the fracture fragments. Reconstructing the tube of the proximal part of the femur with 18G cerclage wires allows for canal preparation and implantation of the new stem. Application of the allograft struts and cables maximizes the biomechanical integrity of the proximal part of the femur to promote fracture repair and implant fixation. No treatment failures have occurred as of this date. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Patterns of care and persistence after incident elevated blood pressure

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Screening for hypertension in children occurs during routine care. When blood pressure (BP) is elevated in the hypertensive range, a repeat measurement within 1 to 2 weeks is recommended. The objective was to assess patterns of care after an incident elevated BP, including timing of repeat BP measurement and likelihood of persistently elevated BP. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted in 3 health care organizations. All children aged 3 through 17 years with an incident elevated BP at an outpatient visit during 2007 through 2010 were identified. Within this group, we assessed the proportion who had a repeat BP measured within 1 month of their incident elevated BP and the proportion who subsequently met the definition of hypertension. Multivariate analyses were used to identify factors associated with follow-up BP within 1 month of initial elevated BP. RESULTS: Among 72 625 children and adolescents in the population, 6108 (8.4%) had an incident elevated BP during the study period. Among 6108 with an incident elevated BP, 20.9% had a repeat BP measured within 1 month. In multivariate analyses, having a follow-up BP within 1 month was not significantly more likely among individuals with obesity or stage 2 systolic elevation. Among 6108 individuals with an incident elevated BP, 84 (1.4%) had a second and third consecutive elevated BP within 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas >8% of children and adolescents had an incident elevated BP, the great majority of BPs were not repeated within 1 month. However, relatively few individuals subsequently met the definition of hypertension. * Abbreviations: AOR — : adjusted odds ratio BP — : blood pressure CI — : confidence interval EHR — : electronic health record ICD-9-CM — : International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification KPCO — : Kaiser Permanente Colorado KPNC — : Kaiser Permanente Northern California
Infant transitions: Home to center-based child care

An array of factors are examined which may encourage or impede the infant’s transition from home to center-based care. Specifically explored are the structural climate of the child care center and the inter-related needs of the infant, parent(s), staff, and administrative leadership. Utilizing the conceptual frameworks of Maier (1991) and Greenspan and Porges (1984), guidelines are offered which facilitate the infant’s transition to center-based care in a manner that takes into account the infant’s relational development and enhances attachment quality.
Realization of an endoscope equipped with microprojection system for optogenetics

Optogenetics is the science where recent progresses in the field of photonics are combined with the techniques in molecular genetics to develop a methodology for modulation of neural activities. 1-9 Despite enormous enthusiasm in using optogenetics for brain studies, little has been done on the engineering side such as technology development for light delivery or realization of reliable systems for optical monitoring of the induced activities. In this project, we have implemented a Digital Micromirror Device based microprojection system capable of delivering illumination patterns through a high-resolution imaging fiber bundle that guides the pattern to the region of interest on the surface or within the brain tissue. The system is also equipped with an imaging path for detection of calcium signals and monitoring the induced patterns of cellular activities. A very interesting application of the system is extracting topographic computational maps of cortex or cellular receptive fields in-vivo. It is known that such maps are the engine of information processing in the cortex. Better understanding of the structure of such maps will help to unravel the mysteries of brain higher level computations. Another application of this system is related to the high-resolution stimulation patterns that cannot be produced with electrode arrays. Production of high-resolution patterns is important in the study of specific modes of brain activities. We report the details of our optical design, preliminary results produced by testing the system on tissue, and we discuss our strategy to extract new data from the brain tissue.
A Phosphorylated Pseudokinase Complex Controls Cell Wall Synthesis in Mycobacteria

Prokaryotic cell wall biosynthesis is coordinated with cell growth and division, but the mechanisms regulating this dynamic process remain obscure. Here, we describe a phosphorylation-dependent regulatory complex that controls peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis . We found that PknB, a PG-responsive Ser-Thr protein kinase (STPK), initiates complex assembly by phosphorylating a kinase-like domain in the essential PG biosynthetic protein, MviN. This domain was structurally diverged from active kinases and did not mediate phosphotransfer. Threonine phosphorylation of the pseudokinase domain recruited the FhaA protein through its forkhead-associated (FHA) domain. The crystal structure of this phosphorylated pseudokinase–FHA domain complex revealed the basis of FHA domain recognition, which included unexpected contacts distal to the phosphorylated threonine. Conditional degradation of these proteins in mycobacteria demonstrated that MviN was essential for growth and PG biosynthesis and that FhaA regulated these processes at the cell poles and septum. Controlling this spatially localized PG regulatory complex is only one of several cellular roles ascribed to PknB, suggesting that the capacity to coordinate signaling across multiple processes is an important feature conserved between eukaryotic and prokaryotic STPK networks.
Localization and 3D reconstruction of urban scenes using GPS

Using off-the-shelf Global Positioning System (GPS) units, we reconstruct buildings in 3D by exploiting the reduction in signal to noise ratio (SNR) that occurs when the buildings obstruct the line-of-sight between the moving units and the orbiting satellites. We measure the size and height of skyscrapers as well as automatically constructing a density map representing the location of multiple buildings in an urban landscape.
Cbl-associated protein regulates assembly and function of two tension-sensing structures in Drosophila

Cbl-associated protein (CAP) localizes to focal adhesions and associates with numerous cytoskeletal proteins; however, its physiological roles remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila CAP regulates the organization of two actin-rich structures in Drosophila: muscle attachment sites (MASs), which connect somatic muscles to the body wall; and scolopale cells, which form an integral component of the fly chordotonal organs and mediate mechanosensation. Drosophila CAP mutants exhibit aberrant junctional invaginations and perturbation of the cytoskeletal organization at the MAS. CAP depletion also results in collapse of scolopale cells within chordotonal organs, leading to deficits in larval vibration sensation and adult hearing. We investigate the roles of different CAP protein domains in its recruitment to, and function at, various muscle subcellular compartments. Depletion of the CAP-interacting protein Vinculin results in a marked reduction in CAP levels at MASs, and vinculin mutants partially phenocopy Drosophila CAP mutants. These results show that CAP regulates junctional membrane and cytoskeletal organization at the membrane-cytoskeletal interface of stretch-sensitive structures, and they implicate integrin signaling through a CAP/Vinculin protein complex in stretch-sensitive organ assembly and function.
History of Short-Duration Measurement Programs Related to Gas Turbine Heat Transfer, Aerodynamics, and Aeroperformance at Calspan and OSU

Short-duration facilities have been used for the past thirty-five years to obtain measurements of heat transfer, aerodynamic loading, vibratory response, film-cooling influence, purge flow migration, and aeroperformance for full-stage high-pressure turbines operating at design corrected conditions of flow function, corrected speed, and stage pressure ratio. This paper traces the development of experimental techniques now in use at The Ohio State University (OSU) Gas Turbine Laboratory (GTL) from initial work in this area at the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory (CAL, later to become Calspan) in 1975 through to the present. It is intended to summarize the wide range of research that can be performed with a short-duration facility and highlight the types of measurements that are possible.Beginning with heat-flux measurements for the vane and blade of a Garrett TFE 731-2 HP turbine stage with vane pressure-surface slot cooling, the challenge of each experimental program has been to provide data to aid turbine designers in understanding the relevant flow physics and help drive the advancement of predictive techniques. Through many different programs, this has involved collaborators at a variety of companies and experiments performed with turbine stages from Garrett, Allison, Teledyne, Pratt and Whitney, General Electric Aviation, Rocketdyne, Westinghouse, and Honeywell. The Vane/Blade Interaction measurement and CFD program, which ran from the early eighties until 2000, provided a particularly good example of what can be achieved when experimentalists and computational specialists collaborate closely. Before conclusion of this program in 2000, the heat-flux and pressure measurements made for this transonic turbine operated with and without vane trailing edge cooling flow were analyzed and compared to predictive codes in conjunction with engineers at Allison, United Technologies Research Center, Pratt and Whitney, and GE Aviation in jointly published papers.When the group moved to OSU in 1995 along with the facility used at Calspan, refined techniques were needed to meet new research challenges such as investigating blade damping and forced response, measuring aeroperformance for different configurations, and preparing for advanced cooling experiments that introduced complicating features of an actual engine to further challenge computational predictions. This required conversion of the test-gas heating method from a shock-tunnel approach to a blowdown approach using a combustor emulator to also create inlet temperature profiles, the development of instrumentation techniques to work with a thin-walled airfoil with backside cooling, and the adoption of experimental techniques that could be used to successfully operate fully cooled turbine stages (vane row cooled, blade row cooled, and proper cavity purge flow provided). Further, it was necessary to develop techniques for measuring the aeroperformance of these fully cooled machines.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Diastolic heart sound produced by mid-diastolic closure of the mitral valve

Abstract Mid-diastolic closure of the mitral valve is suggested as the source for an audible diastolic sound in a patient with aortic valve and coronary artery disease. On the apex cardiogram the sound followed the rapid filling wave by 60 msec and preceded the a wave. On the echocardiogram the sound corresponded to premature closure of the mitral valve in mid-diastole. In this case an audible diastolic sound that appeared to originate from mid-diastolic closure of the mitral valve indicated a rapidly increasing left ventricular diastolic pressure with severe left ventricular failure. After treatment of the congestive heart failure, the sound diminished in intensity.
Effect of urinary tract infection on ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a rat model.

Abstract Objectives When a partially obstructed kidney becomes infected, more rapid and extreme renal parenchymal damage appears to occur than might result from either infection or obstruction alone. Previously, we showed that either bacteriuria or partial obstruction in congenital unilateral hydronephrosis causes elevated renal pelvic pressures in a rat model. In this same model, we examined the combined effects of partial upper tract obstruction and bacteriuria on renal pelvic and bladder pressures. Methods Female rats from an inbred colony in which more than one half are born with unilateral obstructive hydronephrosis were studied. Type 1 piliated Escherichia coli was instilled into the bladder. Two to 6 days later, the bladder and renal pelvic pressures were measured during varying urinary flows (less than 2 to more than 30 mL/kg/hr). All animals were killed and the kidneys and bladder grossly and histologically assessed. Hydronephrosis was determined at pathologic examination. Results Eight rats had congenital unilateral hydronephrosis; five were normal. Acute inflammation was found in all bladder and renal specimens. In hydronephrotic, infected kidneys, the renal pelvic pressures exceeded those in nonhydronephrotic, infected kidneys at all urinary flow rates. Bladder capacity and pressures did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions This model demonstrates that the combination of infection and obstructive hydronephrosis in this model causes renal pelvic pressure elevation that is higher than that associated with either infection or obstructive hydronephrosis alone. These data demonstrate the compound effect that infection and obstruction may have on the kidney and offers an explanation for why this clinical situation is more likely to be associated with greater renal parenchymal injury than either alone.
Rain Characteristics and Large-Scale Environments of Precipitation Objects with Extreme Rain Volumes from TRMM Observations

This study adopts a "precipitation object" approach by using 14 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Feature (PF) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data to study rainfall structure and environmental factors associated with extreme heavy rain events. Characteristics of instantaneous extreme volumetric PFs are examined and compared to those of intermediate and small systems. It is found that instantaneous PFs exhibit a much wider scale range compared to the daily gridded precipitation accumulation range. The top 1% of the rainiest PFs contribute over 55% of total rainfall and have 2 orders of rain volume magnitude greater than those of the median PFs. We find a threshold near the top 10% beyond which the PFs grow exponentially into larger, deeper, and colder rain systems. NCEP reanalyses show that midlevel relative humidity and total precipitable water increase steadily with increasingly larger PFs, along with a rapid increase of 500 hPa upward vertical velocity beyond the top 10%. This provides the necessary moisture convergence to amplify and sustain the extreme events. The rapid increase in vertical motion is associated with the release of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in mature systems, as is evident in the increase in CAPE of PFs up to 10% and the subsequent dropoff. The study illustrates distinct stages in the development of an extreme rainfall event including: (1) a systematic buildup in large-scale temperature and moisture, (2) a rapid change in rain structure, (3) explosive growth of the PF size, and (4) a release of CAPE before the demise of the event.
Apples to apples

Motivation: Effective algorithms for finding relatively weak motifs are an important practical necessity while scanning long DNA sequences for regulatory elements. The success of such an algorithm hinges on the ability of its scoring function combined with a significance analysis test to discern real motifs from random noise. Results: In the first half of the paper we show that the paradigm of relying on entropy scores and their E-values can lead to undesirable results when searching for weak motifs and we offer alternate approaches to analyzing the significance of motifs. In the second half of the paper we reintroduce a scoring function and present a motif-finder that optimizes it that are more effective in finding relatively weak motifs than other tools. Availability: The GibbsILR motif finder is available at Contact: Uri Keich, keich@cs.cornell.edu
Impaired Mitochondrial Biogenesis Precedes Heart Failure in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy in Congenital Heart Disease

Background The outcome of the surgical repair in congenital heart disease correlates with the degree of myocardial damage. In this study, we determined whether mitochondrial DNA depletion is a sensitive marker of right ventricular (RV) damage and whether impaired mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication contributes to the transition from compensated hypertrophy to failure. Methods and results RV samples obtained from 31 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were compared with 5 RV samples from nonfailing hearts (control). Patients were divided into compensated hypertrophy and failure groups, based on preoperative echocardiography, catheterization, and/or MRI data. Mitochondrial enzyme activities (citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase) were maintained during hypertrophy and decreased by ≈40% (P Conclusions Impaired mtDNA replication causes early and progressive depletion of mtDNA in the RV of the patients with congenital heart disease during the transition from hypertrophy to failure. Decreased mtDNA content probably is a sensitive marker of mitochondrial injury in this patient population.
Adaptive blind calibration of timing offset and gain mismatch for two-channel time-interleaved ADCs

In this paper, we describe a blind calibration method for gain and timing mismatches in a two-channel time-interleaved low-pass analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The method requires that the input signal should be slightly oversampled. This ensures that there exists a frequency band around the zero frequency where the Fourier transforms of the ADC subchannels are alias free. Low-pass filtering the ADC subchannels to this alias-free band reduces the blind calibration problem to a conventional gain and time delay estimation problem for an unknown signal in noise. An adaptive filtering structure with three fixed FIR filters and two adaptive gain and delay parameters is employed to achieve the calibration. A convergence analysis is presented for the blind calibration technique. Numerical simulations for a bandlimited white noise input and for inputs containing several sinusoidal components demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method
Animal assays for anti‐psoriatic., retinoid and sunprotective agents

SUMMARY It is possible to evaluate different dermatological therapeutic agents intended for human use in a variety of animal assays. This review will discuss some of these assays, and attempt to correlate animal and human skin responses. Psoriasis is a disease where changes in epidermal proliferation may be an important factor. It is possible to assay potential anti-psoriatic agents by measuring their ability to suppress DNA synthesis in the epidermis of hairless mice. This assay is predictive of the anti-psoriatic effectiveness of numerous agents including a variety of anti-proliferative drugs and anthralin, and has been used to evaluate the potential efficacy of purified coal tar shampoos and body preparations. The activity of the polyamine biosynthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is elevated in psoriatic skin, and it is induced in mouse epidermis by tape stripping. Retinoids can inhibit the induction of ODC activity, and this inhibition may be used to evaluate novel synthetic retinoids. Retinoids have beneficial effects on the abnormal keratinization found in various diseases. Rhino mice have multiple keratin-filled epidermal utricles, and the size of these is reduced by retinoid treatment. Observing the changes in the size of the utricles can be utilized to evaluate the effects of retinoids on keratinization. Sunscreen agents are tested on human volunteers by observing their ability to inhibit the erythema induced by exposure to solar-simulated light, to obtain a sun protection factor (SPF). It is possible to utilize the ability of sunscreens to inhibit other actinic-induced changes in the skin using animals. Parameters that may be measured include changes in DNA synthesis and ODC activity in the epidermis following ultraviolet irradiation. Some of these assays correlate well with human SPF determinations.
K-means in space: a radiation sensitivity evaluation

Spacecraft increasingly employ onboard data analysis to inform further data collection and prioritization decisions. However, many spacecraft operate in high-radiation environments in which the reliability of dataintensive computation is not known. This paper presents the first study of radiation sensitivity for k-means clustering. Our key findings are 1) k-means data structures differ in sensitivity, which is not determined solely by the amount of memory exposed; 2) no special radiation protection is needed below a data-set-dependent radiation threshold, enabling the use of faster, smaller, and cheaper onboard memory; and 3) subsampling improves radiation tolerance slightly, but the use of kd-trees unfortunately reduces tolerance. Our conclusions can help tailor k-means for use in future high-radiation environments.
Criminal Justice Practitioners’ Perceptions of Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction on Offenders:

Scholars and policy makers wish to eliminate many collateral consequences to promote successful offender reentry. Current proposals to reduce collateral consequences of conviction typically involve...
Synthesis and Conformational Properties of the Sterically Crowded D3d‐Symmetric all‐trans Hexa(spirotetrahydrofuranyl)cyclohexane System

An unprecedented high barrier to ring inversion [Eq. (1)] prevents 1 from engaging in bifacial complexation with lithium ions. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of this hexaspiro compound corroborates the adoption of a cyclohexane chair with all six C-O bonds projected equatorially (1-eq).
Audio steganography by modification of cepstrum at a pair of frequencies

A method of embedding information in the cepstral domain of a cover audio signal is proposed. An earlier technique that combines the psychoacoustical masking property with the decorrelation property of speech cepstrum for audio steganography has been extended to achieve faster and stronger key-based embedding implementation without compromising imperceptibility, payload, or data retrieval. Use of a pair of arbitrary frequencies in the proposed method in place of auditorily masked frequencies, which form the key for embedding and retrieval, shows comparable results in imperceptibility of stego and payload with less computational effort and potentially more keys available. Accurate data recovery in the presence of low levels of noise or bandpass filtering over telephone bandwidth demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed technique in data hiding and covert communication applications.
Effects of high-density lipoprotein on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation.

Studies using cultured endothelial cells have shown that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) positively modulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The purpose of this study was to test the hypo...
Supply Chain Performance Metrics

Every CEO must always be concerned with the competition. In today’s economy the battlefield is shifting from individual company performance to what we call Supply Chain Performance. Supply Chain Performance refers to the extended supply chain’s activities in meeting end-customer requirements, including product availability, on-time delivery, and all the necessary inventory and capacity in the supply chain to deliver that performance in a responsive manner. Supply Chain Performance crosses company boundaries since it includes basic materials, components, subassemblies and finished products, and distribution through various channels to the end customer. It also crosses traditional functional organization lines such as procurement, manufacturing, distribution, marketing & sales, and research & development.
Interferometric Stacking toward Geohazard Identification and Geotechnical Asset Monitoring

AbstractGeotechnical assets are those found along transportation environments and are made up of or supported by earth materials. A geotechnical asset management program aims to achieve life-cycle performance goals by maintaining the geotechnical assets in a safe, cost-effective, and timely manner. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, a remote sensing technique that derives ground deformation information from satellite-based radar data, is proposed as a monitoring method in the context of geotechnical asset management. A total of 90 ERS-1, ERS-2, and ENVISAT radar images, acquired from 1992 through 2010, are processed using two interferometric stacking techniques to measure ground deformation along a railroad corridor. A local-scale study was first conducted over a known slide (S-1) where total displacements up to 6 cm were measured. Then a regional-scale study was performed to locate hazard zones. Six potential geo-hazard zones were identified along the railroad corridor based on five criteria: slop...