cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of glucose in the crabs Cancer magister and Hemigrapsus nudus.

Abstract 1. 1. The major blood carbohydrates of crabs include glucose 4, maltose, maltotriose, maltotretrose and glucose-6-phosphate. No trehalose could be detected. There are cosiderable amounts of acid-soluble glycoproteins. 2. 2. The maltose oligosaccharides show marked variation with diet and season; the glucose level is relatively stable. 3. 3. The changes in blood composition following feeding or injection of glucose suggest that glucose-6-phosphate is an intermediate in the synthesis of maltose oligosaccharides and that the latter are intermediates in glycogen synthesis. The carnon of labeled glucose appears first in glucose-6-phosphate, then in the oligosaccharides and finally in glycogen. 4. 4. The carbon of labeled maltose appears relatively early in glycogen but is not recovered from glucose within 48 hr. This appears to confirm the sequence postulated above. 5. 5. Glucose carbon is incorporated into chitin during the early poust-moult period, but not during intermoult. 6. 6. Glucose carbon is incorporated into mucopolysaccharide in the hepatopancreas at all stages but appears in the mucopolysaccharide of the integument only during the postmoult stages, not during the intermoult or premoult stages. 7. 7. Radioactive carbon from maltose appears in the respiratory CO2 when only maltose is administered. If labeled maltose and unlabeled glucose are administered together, the fraction of maltose which appears as CO2 decreases in proportion to the amount of glucose administered. 8. 8. A general hypothetical scheme of carbohydrate metabolism in crustaceans is presented and it is suggested that glycogenesis occurs through the UDPG-Synthetase system while glycogenolysis involves phosphorylase and the two paths are essentially separate.
Marital Structure and Genetic-Heterogeneity of Ramea Island, Newfoundland

The population structure of Ramea Island, Newfoundland, is described using surname, marital migration, and serological data. Results presented indicate that Ramea is an open and heterogeneous population. It is shown, however, that this contemporary characterization has a time depth of only three decades and has resulted from a rapid population response to a single historical/economic event.
Properties of variational transition states for association reactions

Abstract The relationships between the structures of microcanonical variational transition states for association reactions and potential energy surface properties are analyzed. The analysis is facilitated by the recent finding that in many cases the vibrational frequencies for the transitional modes in the association reaction vary exponentially with the reaction coordinate. An increase in the attenuation of the transitional mode frequencies results in a tighter transition state. Long-range minimum energy path potentials of the form −c/r″ have only one transition state at each energy. Certain types of association reactions may not have transition states.
The response of a specialized aquatic ecosystem, the duckweed rhizosphere, to selected environmental influences

Abstract The rhizosphere of duckweed (Lemma minor) was exposed to two environmental stresses; feeding by guppy fry (Lebistes reticulatus) and inhibition by Oscillatoria. The resultant shifts in community composition were recorded and compared to control populations. While feeding changed community composition, it did not reduce variability. Oscillatoria growth, on the other hand, imposed severe environmental limits that disrupted community structure.
Better subset regression using the nonnegative garrote

A new method, called the nonnegative (nn) garrote, is proposed for doing subset regression. It both shrinks and zeroes coefficients. In tests on real and simulated data, it produces lower prediction error than ordinary subset selection. It is also compared to ridge regression. If the regression equations generated by a procedure do not change drastically with small changes in the data, the procedure is called stable. Subset selection is unstable, ridge is very stable, and the nn-garrote is intermediate. Simulation results illustrate the effects of instability on prediction error.
Understanding frame-of-reference training: the impact of training on the recall of performance information

Research on the cognitive mechanisms underlying frame-of-reference (FOR) rater training is extended by examining the impact of FOR training on the recall of performance information. It was hypothesized that the shared performance schema fostered by FOR training would serve as the basis for information processing, resulting in better recall for behavioral performance information as well as more accurate ratings of individual ratees. FOR-trained subjects (N = 174) produced more accurate performance ratings, as measured by L. Cronbach's (1955) differential accuracy and differential elevation components, than did control-trained subjects (N = 142). FOR-trained subjects also recalled more behaviors, representing more performance dimensions, and exhibited less evaluative clustering and a larger relationship between memory and judgment
Incorporating energy efficiency into electric power transmission planning: A western United States case study

Abstract Driven by system reliability goals and the need to integrate significantly increased renewable power generation, long-range, bulk-power transmission planning processes in the United States are undergoing major changes. At the same time, energy efficiency is an increasing share of the electricity resource mix in many regions, and has become a centerpiece of many utility resource plans and state policies as a means of meeting electricity demand, complementing supply-side sources, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions from the electric power system. The paper describes an innovative project in the western United States to explicitly incorporate end-use efficiency into load forecasts – projections of electricity consumption and demand – that are a critical input into transmission planning and transmission planning studies. Institutional and regulatory background and context are reviewed, along with a detailed discussion of data sources and analytical procedures used to integrate efficiency into load forecasts. The analysis is intended as a practical example to illustrate the kinds of technical and institutional issues that must be addressed in order to incorporate energy efficiency into regional transmission planning activities.
Inhibition of nitric oxide-induced vasodilation by gap junction inhibitors: a potential role for a cGMP-independent nitric oxide pathway.

Studies have provided evidence for the role of gap junctional intercellular communication in syncytial tissue function. This study tested the hypothesis that the vasodilating effects of nitric oxide (
Bilateral undescended testes

The management of boys with undescended testes appears to be an increasingly common problem. While Scorer (1964) [11] reported an incidence of 0.8% of undescended testes in boys of one year of age, a recent survey (Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, 1986) [18] suggests the incidence has risen to as high as 1.6%. While the etiology may be varied, it is quite clear that many cases represent disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and may represent a forme fruste of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [3]. Bilateral undescended testes might logically appear to represent the worst end of such an endocrinopathy. Indeed, a review of the experience at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia [12] of boys with bilateral undescended testes indicated a greater number of CNS abnormalities (P = 0.0000) than in boys with unilateral undescended testes (Table 1). Also consistent with bilateral cryptorchid testes representing the most severe end of the spectrum was the reported findings from that study that bilateral undescended testes also exhibit a significantly greater number of associated G-U anomalies (P = 0.0004).
How are alexithymia and physical illness linked? A review and critique of pathways

We review the empirical literature and critique four possible pathways linking alexithymia and physical illness: (a) alexithymia leads to organic disease through physiological or behavioral mechanisms; (b) alexithymia leads to illness behavior (physical symptoms, disability, excessive health care use) through cognitive or social mechanisms; (c) physical illness leads to alexithymia; and (d) both alexithymia and physical illness result from sociocultural or biological factors. Our review suggests that alexithymia is associated with tonic physiological hyperarousal, certain types of unhealthy behavior, and a biased perception and reporting of somatic sensations and symptoms. Alexithymia also appears to influence health care use, but in a complex fashion. Although trauma may give rise to alexithymia, whether physical illness such as chronic pain does so is not known, and there is little evidence that sociocultural or biological factors lead to both alexithymia and physical illness. We conclude that alexithymia probably influences illness behavior, but there is little support for the hypothesis that alexithymia leads to chronic organic disease, especially when one distinguishes organic disease from illness behavior.
miR-223 Regulates Cell Growth and Targets Proto-Oncogenes in Mycosis Fungoides/Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma

The pathogenesis of the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), mycosis fungoides (MF), is unclear. MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that target mRNA leading to reduced mRNA translation. Recently, specific miRNA were shown to be altered in CTCL. We detected significantly reduced expression of miR-223 in early-stage MF skin, and further decreased levels of miR-223 in advanced-stage disease. CTCL peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cell lines also had reduced miR-223 as compared with controls. Elevated expression of miR-223 in these cell lines reduced cell growth and clonogenic potential, whereas inhibition of miR-223 increased cell numbers. Investigations into putative miR-223 targets with oncogenic function, including E2F1 and MEF2C , and the predicted miR-223 target, TOX , revealed that all three were targeted by miR-223 in CTCL. E2F1, MEF2C, and TOX proteins were decreased with miR-223 overexpression, whereas miR-223 inhibition led to increased protein levels in CTCL. In addition, we showed that the 3′-UTR of TOX mRNA was a genuine target of miR-223. Therefore, reduced levels of miR-223 in MF/CTCL lead to increased expression of E2F1, MEF2C, and TOX, which likely contributes to the development and/or progression of CTCL. Thus, miR-223 and its targets may be useful for the development of new therapeutics for MF/CTCL.
Drugs released from polymers: diffusion and elimination in brain tissue

Abstract By providing a long-term and localized source of active drug molecules, controlled release polymer implants may reduce the systematic side effects and dose-to-dose variability associated with conventional drug administration. Implants may be particularly relevant for delivery of drugs to the brain, where therapy is frequently limited by the blood brain barrier. To aid in the design and application of new delivery systems, we developed methods for modeling drug transport in tissue in the vicinity of a continuous source. Transport was assumed to occur by diffusion with elimination due to irreversible metabolism reversible binding to fixed tissue components, or partitioning into capillaries. For polymer implants where diffusion in the polymer determines the rate of drug release, the rate of drug release from the polymer, drug concentration in the tissue, and drug penetration depend on rates of elimination and diffusion. Qualitatively similar results were obtained for degradable polymers. Model predictions were also used to interpret previously published data on the delivery of the steroid dexamethasone from an ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymer implant in rat brain. In general, molecules that are water-soluble, slowly eliminated, and diffusible are the best candidates for polymeric delivery to brain tissues. In contrast to conventional modes of administration, rapid permeation of active molecules through brain capillaries is the most significant barrier to effective drug distribution in the brain.
A new explicit discrete mechanics with applications

Abstract In this self-contained paper, we develop a new approach to Newtonian dynamics in which the equations of motion are difference equations and in which the solutions of these equations are discrete functions. Such an approach is in complete harmony with modern digital computer capability and methodology (3).
Microsatellite analysis of mating and kinship in beavers (Castor canadensis)

Monogamy is rare among mammals and molecular investigations have revealed that many socially monogamous species participate in extrapair mating. The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a socially monogamous species that exhibits classic monogamous behavior, generally living in discrete colonies composed of a mated pair and their offspring. We examined genetic relationships within and among beaver colonies for 2 populations in Illinois to investigate average relatedness within colonies, occurrences of extrapair mating within or between colonies, and the influence of geographic distance on intercolony relatedness. Seven microsatellite loci developed for the beaver were used to estimate relatedness and parentage for 55 beavers in central Illinois and 72 beavers in southern Illinois. Average within-colony relatedness varied widely in both populations, ranging from 0.04 to 0.64 in central Illinois and from 0.16 to 0.41 in southern Illinois. Colonies were composed primarily of 1st- and 2nd-order relatives, but included unrelated individuals. Paternity analysis revealed that 5 (56%) of 9 litters had been sired by � 2 males. Extrapair mating frequently occurred between members of neighboring colonies in southern Illinois. In contrast to long-held views that beavers are genetically monogamous and colonies are typically 1st-order relatives, we documented a wide range of relationships among colony members and multiple paternity in .50% of litters.
Characteristics of interval-based estimates of autobiographical frequencies

Estimates of autobiographical frequencies can be obtained through various types of questions. This paper focuses on interval-based measures, where frequency is imputed from reports of the length of time between events (e. g. 7 days between events implies 52 events per year). We find that interval-based measures tend to produce higher estimates than other types of frequency measures, and that differences among measures may be attributable to a variety of cognitive factors.
From Swallow floats to Argo—the development of neutrally buoyant floats

Neutrally buoyant floats have been a vital tool in the exploration of the global ocean circulation and now provide a central element of the in situ ocean observing system through the Argo project. The paper traces the development of neutrally buoyant floats from their origins in the mid-1950s to the present day, and highlights areas of ocean science to which floats made significant contributions.
A monolithic integrated optoelectronic photoreceiver using an MSM detector

A high-speed monolithic optoelectronic photoreceiver designed specifically for optical interconnections is described. The photoreceiver uses an enhancement-depletion process rather than the conventional D-only technology, and is based on the pseudomorphic (lattice-mismatched) AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs materials system. An MSM (metal-semiconductor-metal) photodetector is integrated with a modulation-doped FET (MODFET) transimpedance amplifier, thus accomplishing both photodetection and preamplification, monolithically. The measured 3-dB bandwidth of the receiver ranges from 5.4 GHz at a gain of 31 dB to 2.0 GHz at 60 dB. From the measured 110-ps (FWHM) output pulse, the optical bandwidth is calculated to be 1.0 GHz. >
Organizing for ontological change: The kernel of an AIDS research infrastructure.

Is it possible to prepare and plan for emergent and changing objects of research? Members of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study have been investigating AIDS for over 30 years, and in that time, the disease has been repeatedly transformed. Over the years and across many changes, members have continued to study HIV disease while in the process regenerating an adaptable research organization. The key to sustaining this technoscientific flexibility has been what we call the kernel of a research infrastructure: ongoing efforts to maintain the availability of resources and services that may be brought to bear in the investigation of new objects. In the case of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, these resources are as follows: specimens and data, calibrated instruments, heterogeneous experts, and participating cohorts of gay and bisexual men. We track three ontological transformations, examining how members prepared for and responded to changes: the discovery of a novel retroviral agent (HIV), the ability to test for that agent, and the transition of the disease from fatal to chronic through pharmaceutical intervention. Respectively, we call the work, ‘technologies’, and techniques of adapting to these changes, ‘repurposing’, ‘elaborating’, and ‘extending the kernel’.
Colonisation and its prevention on house floors and in mattresses with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) in a center for asthmatic children

Acarological investigations of mattress dust and house floor dust of three cottages (two new and one old) at a center for asthmatic children showed that one season is not enough for a complete colonisation of mattresses with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Covering of the mattresses with a plastic sheet was successful in preventing the colonisation of the mattresses in the experimental period. The floors of the new cottages became infested only after the houses were occupied by the human inhabitants. Resume COLONISATION DES PLANCHERS ET DES MATELAS PAR L'ACARIEN DERMATOPHAGOIDES PTERONYSSINUS DANS UN CENTRE POUR ENFANTS ASTHMATIQUES, ET MOYENS PREVENTIFS Des etudes acarologiques de la poussiere de matelas et de celle des planchers de trois chalets (dont deux recents) d'un centre pour enfants asthmatiques, demontrent qu'une saison n'est pas suffisante pour qu'une population notable de Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus puisse s'installer. Durant la periode experimentale, nous avons constaTE que les matelas recouverts d'une enveloppe de plastique sont proTEges efficacement de l'infestation par les acariens. Quant aux planchers des chalets ils ne sont devenus receleurs de ces acariens qu'apres avoir eTE habiTEs par l'homme.
Rules and Aggression: A Cross-National study of the Socialization of Children into Compliance Systems

Abstract Etude inter-nation de l'acquisition de l'obeissance aux autorites et de l'attitude des enfants vis-a-vis des lois, des regies et de 1′agression. Le Danemark, la Grece, l'ltalie, l'lnde, le Japon et les Etats-Unis participent a la recherche. Les sujets testes dont le milieu socio-economique est la classe ouvriere ou moyenne, se situent dans le 4e, 6e ou 8e grade scolaire; un echantillon de ces enfants subit en outre une interview. Les moyens techniques ont ete elabores pour obtenir des donnees sur trois types d'attitudes et de comportement: I) un questionnaire portant d'une part sur les attitudes a l'egard des tenants de 1′autorite dans le systeme familial, le systeme scolaire, l'eglise, la communaute, la nation, d'autre part, sur les attitudes vis-a-vis des lois et des regies, les consequences de la nonobeissance, la participation politique, l'apport d'un systeme au renforcement des regies d'un autre et la reaction a l'autorite injuste; 2) une serie d'images a juger concues pour etudier les attit...
Serum Profiling of Rat Dermal Exposure to JP-8 Fuel Reveals an Acute-Phase Response

ABSTRACTDermal exposure to JP-8 petroleum jet fuel leads to toxicological responses in humans and rodents. Serum profiling is a molecular analysis of changes in the levels of serum proteins and other molecules in response to changes in physiology. This present study utilizes serum profiling approaches to examine biomolecular changes in the sera of rats exposed to dermal applications of JP-8 (jet propulsion fuel-8). Using gel electrophoresis and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS), levels of serum proteins as well as low-mass constituents were found to change after dermal exposures to JP-8. The serum protein levels altered included the acute-phase response proteins haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, α1-inhibitor III, and apolipoprotein A-IV. Haptoglobin levels increased after a 1-day JP-8 dermal exposure and continued to increase through 7 days of exposure. Ceruloplasmin levels increased after 5 days of exposure. Serum α1-inhibitor III was reduced after a 1-day exposure and the depletion continue...
Transient Optical Susceptibility Induced by Nonperturbative Rotational Wave Packets

Rotational wave packets formed in a gas of linear molecules can produce a time-dependent index of refraction that can be used as a phase modulator for an ultrafast pulse [1]. A collection of anisotropic molecules can be made to align along the polarization direction of an intense, linearly polarized laser pulse [1]–[4]. Although the molecules will quickly go out of alignment, the periodic rephasing of the wave packet causes the molecules to come back into alignment at regular intervals. During these so-called rotational revivals, the wave packet evolves through states where the molecules are both aligned and antialigned (i.e., perpendicular to) the polarization of the laser pulse.
A Regenerative Flow Compressor as a Secondary Air Pump for Engine Emission Control

The automotive engine requires a relatively rich mixture of fuel and air for smooth operation on cold start. Exhaust gases contain high levels of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons after cold starts. The unburned hydrocarbons could be further oxidized, except there is no oxygen left after combustion. Using a Secondary Air Pump (SAP), air is fed into the exhaust manifold (secondary air), the CO and HC are oxidized through afterburning at temperatures over 600°C to form water and carbon dioxide. An activated secondary air injection system leads to an increase in oxygen content in the exhaust system. This paper discuses the performance of a Regenerative Flow Compressor (RFC) for SAP application and shows the RFC to be the best choice for satisfying the required specification of the SAP.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
A high-resolution oxygen A-band and water vapor band spectrometer

[1] A prototype high-resolution oxygen A-band and water vapor band spectrometer (HAWS) and new theoretical framework have been developed and demonstrated to study the applicability of photon path length statistics in the remote sensing of clouds, aerosols, and water vapor, particularly in addressing current challenges such as the detection of thin layers of clouds and aerosols especially over surfaces with high albedo, reducing retrieval errors due to the presence of non-spherical particles, and enhancing the vertical resolution of retrieved atmospheric constituents. This work also provides a basis for the application of path length distribution in the development and validation of radiative transfer parameterizations that account for the effects of cloud inhomogeneity. The HAWS successfully achieves an out-of-band rejection of better than 10−5, a resolution of better than 0.5 cm−1, and high signal-to-noise ratio, which are crucial to retrieval of atmospheric information through high-resolution spectrometry in the A-band and water vapor band. A field campaign was conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of HAWS and the new retrieval algorithm at the cloud and radiation testbed at ARM SGP site in Oklahoma, where a comprehensive set of radiometric, passive, and active sensors provide continuous and concurrent measurements of clouds, aerosols, water vapor, and other atmospheric properties. Results show that in the A-band thick and multiple layer clouds significantly enhance the mean and variance of the photon path length distribution, thin cirrus condition produce relatively small mean distribution and variance, and mean path lengths comparable to or smaller than the solar airmass were associated with clear sky cases at large solar zenith angles. The mean path length and variance in the water vapor band differs from that in the A-band due to the spatial inhomogeneity of water vapor amounts, particularly in association with cloud layers.
The microvasculature after reperfused myocardial infarction: to examine or not to examine?

After acute reperfused myocardial infarction (AMI), there is a variable degree of microvascular damage due to reperfusion injury. This injury is multifactorial, and potential culprits include cellular inflammation (leukocytes and macrophages), reactive oxygen species, shifts in metabolic substrate,
Autonomic Influences on Cardiac Function in the Newborn Lamb

The influences of reflexly induced changes of sympathetic outflow to the heart on left ventricle contractility, heart rate, and systemic vascular resistance were studied in 26 technically successful experiments with newborn lambs ranging in age from 1 to 11 days. Reduction of brachiocephalic artery perfusion pressure was associated with a large increase of heart rate and of systemic vascular resistance. Under conditions of constant aortic pressure, heart rate and cardiac output, cephalic hypotension in most preparations induced a rapid onset of a fall of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and an increase in the maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt max). Ventricular function curves obtained under conditions of constant aortic pressure and heart rate were shifted to the left. The average increase of stroke volume at left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 10 cm H2O (SV10) was 23.3%, and of dp/dt max was 30.7% in the reactive preparations. The average of the largest responses for each preparation was an increase of SV10 of 42%, and for left ventricular dp/dt max, 48.8%. Three preparations previously subjected to carotid sinus nerve sectioning showed similar responses. No evidence for diminution of the response following parasympathetic blockade with atropine was found. In all preparations, ganglionic blockade virtually or completely eliminated the response.
Silicic volcanism at an off-axis geothermal field in the Mariana Trough back-arc basin

An abyssal-hill site with localized high heat flow on the 3-m.y.-old west flank of the active ridge in the Mariana Trough has sets of oblique fault scarps, mapped by multi-beam transits, and clusters of 50- to 1,000-m-diameter domes examined with a Deep Tow survey. Some of the domes, including small, 20- to 30-m-high rocky knobs encrusted with manganese oxide, crop out through the sediment cover, but, despite heat-flow evidence that they are sites of hydrothermal discharge, these bedrock features are fundamentally different from the hydrothermal mounds found on some mid-ocean ridges. Dredging one dome recovered a rhyodacite pumice that we believe erupted at a depth of 2,600–3,600 m within the basin. The siliceous rock may be an extreme differentiate of a tholeiitic magma, but a more likely origin is partial melting of the basin's sedimentary fill.
Development and implementation of a pharmacist-managed inpatient anticoagulation monitoring program

PURPOSE. A stepwise approach to development and implementation of a program to standardize and increase pharmacists' involvement in anticoagulation therapy at a large academic medical center is described. SUMMARY. In response to the Joint Commission's national goal of improved patient safety in anticoagulation therapy, a work group of pharmacy administrators, educators, clinical specialists, and decentralized pharmacists at the hospital developed the structure for a comprehensive inpatient anticoagulation program (IAP); the work group also developed a list of required competencies, educational materials, assessment methods, and mechanisms for eliciting feedback from IAP pharmacists and other patient care staff. After completion of training that included structured case-review sessions, a one-on-one shadowing experience, and competency assessment, IAP pharmacists began reviewing clinical and laboratory data on patients receiving warfarin and low-molecular-weight heparins and providing recommendations to physicians, nurse practitioners, and other health care team members. Feedback from other clinicians was generally positive, with a majority of those surveyed indicating that increased pharmacist involvement in anticoagulation monitoring and dosage adjustment resulted in improved patient care; about 80% indicated that they concurred with pharmacists' recommendations at least 75% of the time. Results of a survey of IAP pharmacists indicated increased satisfaction with their daily duties but also a need for improved pharmacist-to-pharmacist communication. CONCLUSION. Case-based advanced training and implementation of an IAP in a tertiary care hospital increased pharmacists' involvement in the management of inpatients receiving anticoagulants.
Fast TCM decoding: phase quantization and integer weighting

TCM, combining modulation and coding, achieves coding gains over conventional uncoded multilevel modulation without the attendant bandwidth expansion. Since TCM was proposed Ungerboeck (1982, 1987) substantial work has done in this area. A large portion of the TCM work has been in the area of high-speed data transmission over voice grade modems using quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM. QAM, not having a constant envelope, is unattractive for employing a TWT with its nonlinear behavior as the power stage. Additional work has been done in utilizing M-ary PSK with TCM. Simulations by Taylor and Chan (1981) utilizing a 4-state convolutional code demonstrated the coding gain of a rate 2/3 coded 8-PSK modulation scheme. Wilson et. al. (1984) obtained results for 16-PSK TCM using codes with 4 to 32 states and achieved coding gains of 3.5 to 4.8 dB respectively, over 8-PSK and demonstrated that small memory codes achieved good gains with simple design procedures. >
Functional Health Patterns: A Curricular Course Model for Adult Acute Care

The Functional Health Pattern (FHP) model is a categorization of 11 areas that assist in diagnosing human responses to illness and identifying risk factors for dysfunctional health. The incorporation of this model as a content organizer in a beginning medical-surgical course in a baccalaureate curriculum is presented as an effective method of familiarizing students with the application of the nursing process. This model permits the student nurse to identify FHPs (client strengths) and dysfunctional patterns (nursing diagnoses).
Modeling and Simulations for Electrochemical Power Systems

In this paper, we will discuss mathematical models and numerical simulations for electrochemical power systems such as lithium-ion battery. We will address the issue of well-posedness of the underlying system of nonlinear partial differential equations, and introduce numerical methods for battery simulations based on Newton linearization, Krylov subspace iteration and multigrid preconditioning. Finally, we will give a brief introduction to fuel cell modeling and simulations.
Characterization of Multilayer Thin Film Structures for Gas Sensor Applications

A nicrofabricated silicon-based chemical gas sensor with a discontinuous film of Pt / TiOx, as the active sensing component has been characterized by atomic force microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A study of the device’s multilayer structure and of the thin sensing film is undertaken to understand and control the sensing properties of the metal / semiconducting materials. The purpose of this research is to advance the understanding of the conduction mechanism and provide a basis for optimizing the sensing properties and microstructure of the sensing device.
Assessing Anxiety about Retirement: The Case of Academicians:

One hundred and forty-four individuals, ninety-two of whom were active university faculty and fifty-two of whom were retired, completed a measure of anxiety about retirement as well as a battery of self-report scales assessing a number of personality, job-related, and retirement-specific constructs. Results suggested that the newly developed measure of retirement anxiety possessed high internal consistency as well as both discriminant and construct validity. Moreover, it is multidimensional in nature, and distinct in content from previous scales assessing anxiety about retirement. Its use for persons anticipating retirement is discussed in the context of the benefits of a proactive stance toward retirement preparation.
Communication and sensor capability tradeoffs for wide-area surveillance systems

Future wide-area surveillance systems will collect prodigious amounts of SAR imagery. To make these systems economical, it is necessary to squeeze the large amount of SAR imagery through an available communications link. Even systems with moderate resolution and a single-polarization channel can yield stressing communications bottlenecks. Communication requirements become more acute as sensor capabilities increase; better resolution and additional polarization channels imply larger amounts of data to be transmitted. However, by applying automatic target detection and recognition (ATD/R) techniques to the imagery onboard the sensor platform, it is possible to ameliorate the communication requirements. The ATD/R algorithms identify regions of interest, where the imagery is transmitted at nominal fidelity and bit rate; the background is transmitted at lower fidelity and bit rate, thereby saving communication bandwidth. ATD/R algorithms are more effective with improved sensor capabilities, making it possible to reduce background clutter more effectively. In this paper, we show that when using this concept, sensors with improved capability require only marginally greater communication bandwidth. In some cases, sensors with improved capability require less communication bandwidth.
Hunger States Switch a Flip-Flop Memory Circuit via a Synaptic AMPK-Dependent Positive Feedback Loop

Synaptic plasticity in response to changes in physiologic state is coordinated by hormonal signals across multiple neuronal cell types. Here, we combine cell-type-specific electrophysiological, pharmacological, and optogenetic techniques to dissect neural circuits and molecular pathways controlling synaptic plasticity onto AGRP neurons, a population that regulates feeding. We find that food deprivation elevates excitatory synaptic input, which is mediated by a presynaptic positive feedback loop involving AMP-activated protein kinase. Potentiation of glutamate release was triggered by the orexigenic hormone ghrelin and exhibited hysteresis, persisting for hours after ghrelin removal. Persistent activity was reversed by the anorexigenic hormone leptin, and optogenetic photostimulation demonstrated involvement of opioid release from POMC neurons. Based on these experiments, we propose a memory storage device for physiological state constructed from bistable synapses that are flipped between two sustained activity states by transient exposure to hormones signaling energy levels.
Investigating the Prevalence of Academic Redshirting Using Population-Level Data

The practice of academic redshirting, or holding children back a year prior to their enrolling in kindergarten, continues to be a controversial practice. Although most studies investigating redshirting have used small statewide samples or older, nationally representative data sets, the current study uses population-level data from one state that spans several years. Findings indicate a downward trend in redshirting rates (3.5% in fall of 2012), and redshirted students were consistently more likely to be White boys who were not economically disadvantaged. Students with disabilities were also more likely to be redshirted. Of the redshirted students, the majority were born in the summer months (>70%). Rates have been stable and lower than previously reported national estimates, suggesting that the practice is not as widespread as feared.
Long-term outcomes after laparoscopic splenectomy for splenomegaly

17527 Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for splenomegaly. There is little published data on the long-term efficacy of LS. The aim of th...
Sellars and Nonconceptual Content

In this paper I take up the question of whether Wilfrid Sellars has a notion of non-conceptual perceptual content. The question is controversial, being one of the fault lines along which so-called left and right Sellarsians diverge. In the paper I try to make clear what it is in Sellars' thought that leads interpreters to such disparate conclusions. My account depends on highlighting the importance of Sellars' little discussed thesis that perception involves a systematic form of mis-categorization, one where perceivers mistake their sensory states to be properties of physical objects. I argue that the counterpart color and shape attributes of these states, which become ‘point of viewish’ when organized by the productive imagination, provides perceptual experience with its non-conceptual representational content. I then argue that this content is not a form of the mythical Given because one can only have a non-conceptual point of view on an object when an object is introduced into one's perceptual experience through the conceptual mis-taking of one's sensory states. So, while Sellars has a notion of non-conceptual representational content, it can only be salient in the context of a perceptual act that is conceptual overall.
Disorders of Elimination: Constipation

Constipation is commonly seen in pediatric patients. It is a frequent complaint seen by pediatric gastroenterologists as well as primary care providers. Constipation is very relevant to pediatric urology patients as it is seen frequently in patients presenting with urinary tract infections and/or voiding dysfunction. Dysfunctional elimination is the combination of bowel and bladder dysfunction that was initially described in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux. It is important to seek out symptoms of bowel dysfunction in patients seen with urinary complaints and vice versa. The treatment of constipation is an integral part of the treatment regimen in children with voiding dysfunction. Encopresis, or fecal incontinence associated with constipation and chronic fecal impaction may also be present in patients with voiding dysfunction and recurrent urinary tract infections. In children with constipation an organic cause should be sought out during the evaluation including neurologic, endocrine, or anatomic causes. In 95% of patients no etiology is found and they are classified as having functional constipation.
The structures of becquerelite and Sr-exchanged becquerelite

The crystal structures of becquerelite, Ca[(UO 2 ) 6 O 4 (OH) 6 ](H 2 O) 8 , and Sr-exchanged becquerelite obtained by ion exchange, Sr 1.27 [(UO 2 ) 3 O 3.54 (OH) 1.46 ](H 2 O) 3 , have been refined using diffraction data collected with Mo K α X-rays and a CCD-based detector. The structure of becquerelite, orthorhombic, space group Pn 2 1 a , a = 13.8527(5), b = 12.3929(4), c = 14.9297(5) A, V = 2563.2(1) A 3 , has been refined on the basis of F 2 for 4875 unique reflections to R 1 = 3.39%, calculated using 4581 unique observed reflections (| F | ≥ 4σ F ), and a goodness-of-fit ( S ) of 1.04. Sr-exchanged becquerelite was obtained by placing single crystals of synthetic becquerelite in 2.5 M SrCl 2 solution for 60 h at 160 °C. The structure of Sr-exchanged becquerelite is trigonal, space group P 3, a = 7.020(4), c = 6.992(6) A, V = 298.4(3) A 3 , and has been refined on the basis of F 2 for 683 unique reflections to R 1 = 4.26%, calculated using the 564 unique observed reflections (| F | ≥ 4σ F ), and an S of 1.01. The results for becquerelite confirm the cation polyhedra and structural connectivity reported previously, but collection of data for a high-quality crystal using a CCD-based detector has substantially improved the precision of the atom positions. The structure contains α-U 3 O 8 -type sheets of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids, with a single symmetrically distinct Ca cation and eight symmetrically distinct H 2 O groups located in the interlayer. The structure of Sr-exchanged becquerelite also contains α-U 3 O 8 -type sheets of uranyl pentagonal bipyramids, although the amount of H in the sheets is lower than for becquerelite. The interlayer contains two symmetrically distinct Sr cations and a single H 2 O group. Ion exchange of Sr into the interlayer of becquerelite without destruction of the crystals has potential important implications for the mobility of 90 Sr in contaminated areas, and for the geologic disposal of nuclear waste.
Larvae of Some Genera of Anthribidae (Coleoptera)

Most investigators who have been concerned with the relationships of the Anthribidae have believed that the family is at least related to the Rhynchophora. Several have included the family in that large group. Leconte (1876) stated that the Anthribidae should be placed in the Rhynchophora, since there were not sufficient reasons for excluding them. Boving and Craighead (1931), drawing their conclusions principally from studies of the larvae, have treated the Anthribidae as a superfamily, equal in rank to the Chrysomeloidea and the Curculioidae. They have placed that superfamily, in a linear arrangement, between these latter two but have not indicated that they believed the Anthribidae more closely related to the Curculionidae than to the Chrysomelidae. Gardner, who has published one comprehensive paper (1936) and two smaller ones (1932, 1937) on the larvae of the Anthribidae of India, believes that the family belongs in the Rhynchophora. Emden (1938) also places it there. Crowson (1944), who has studied the metendosternite in Coleoptera, considers the Anthribidae to comprise one of six families of Rhynchophora.
Anatomic severity grading score for primary descending thoracic aneurysms predicts procedural difficulty and aortic-related reinterventions after thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Background An anatomic severity grading (ASG) score for primary descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAs) was developed. The objective of this study was to determine if an ASG score cutoff value for DTAs is predictive of procedural complexity, aortic-related reinterventions, and mortality in patients who undergo thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). Methods A retrospective review from 2008 to 2013 of patient records was conducted of all consecutive patients who underwent TEVAR for a primary DTA. A comprehensive scoring system of preoperative DTA morphology on the basis of computed tomography angiography images was established to identify and classify anatomic features that might influence outcome after TEVAR. ASG score calculations were achieved using preoperative computed tomography angiography images. Primary outcomes included primary technical success, aortic-related reinterventions, aneurysm-related mortality, and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included procedural complexity (unplanned adjunctive procedures, number of endografts implanted, contrast volume, and procedure time), endoleak formation, endoleak requiring reintervention, stroke and paraplegia, and conversion to open repair. Results Of 469 patients with a diagnosis of a thoracic aortic aneurysm, 62 patients (13%) underwent TEVAR and had adequate preoperative imaging (mean age, 71 years). Applying the ASG score, we identified 39 patients (63%) with a score ≥24 (high-score group) and 23 patients (37%) with a score P P = .162). Freedom from aortic-related reinterventions was significantly lower in the high-score (82% at 1 year, 68% at 2 years, and 35% at 3 years) compared with the low-score group (100% at 1, 2, and 3 years; log-rank test, P = .002). Operative difficulty in the form of intraoperative adjunct procedures, number of endografts implanted, and procedural time had significant differences between groups (18% vs 0%, P = .038; 79% vs 39%, P = .004; 120 vs 79 minutes, P = .005, respectively). No significant difference in 30-day combined stroke and paraplegia (16%) was present between groups, and no patient had a conversion to open repair during the follow-up period. Conclusions Preoperative ASG score for primary DTAs predicted procedure complexity and aortic-related reinterventions after TEVAR.
The Importance of Fostering Ownership During Medical Training

There is a need to consider the impact of the new resident-hours regulations on the variety of aspects of medical education and patient care. Most existing literature about this subject has focused on the role of fatigue in resident performance, education, and health care delivery. However, there are other possible consequences of these new regulations, including a negative impact on decision ownership. Our main assumption of is that increased shift work in medicine can decrease ownership of treatment decisions and impact negatively on quality of care. We review some potential components of decision ownership in treatment context and suggest possible ways in which the absence of decision ownership may decrease the quality of medical decision making. The article opens with the definition of decision ownership and the overview of some contextual factors that may contribute to the development of ownership in medical residency. The following section discusses decision ownership in medical care from the perspe...
AMPKα2 in Kiss1 Neurons Is Required for Reproductive Adaptations to Acute Metabolic Challenges in Adult Female Mice.

A temporary and reversible inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis is adaptive when energy reserves are diminished, allowing individual survival and energy accumulation for eventual reproduction. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) works as a cellular sensor of the AMP to ATP ratio and ultimately of energy availability. Activation of AMPK suppresses ATP-consuming processes and stimulates ATP-producing pathways. The AMPK α2 catalytic subunit is expressed in multiple hypothalamic nuclei including those associated with reproductive control, ie, the anteroventral periventricular nucleus and the arcuate nucleus. Subsets of kisspeptin neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (20% in females) and arcuate nucleus (45% in males and 65% in females) coexpress AMPKα2 mRNA. Using the Cre-loxP approach, we assessed whether AMPKα2 in Kiss1 cells is required for body weight and reproductive function. The AMPKα2-deleted mice show no difference in body weight and time for sexual maturation comp...
Did the Recession Impact Student Success? Relationships of Finances, Staffing and Institutional Type on Retention

Economic recessions impact higher education institutions in complex ways. Several analyses have examined the influence of the 2007–2009 recession on tuition, enrollments, revenues, and expenditures, but the connection of these resource allocation patterns to a student success outcome—namely, retention—is limited. This study examined relationships among institutional expenditures, tuition, and staffing patterns on first-year retention rates at private and public institutions in 2007, 2009 and 2011: before, during, and after the economic recession. Private and public institutions increased tuition during this time period and increased expenditures. Expenditures most directly educating students (i.e. instruction) and institutional selectivity were positively associated with retention. However, public and private institutions differed in how they allocated their expenditures. That the findings correspond with past research investigating relationships between resource allocation and retention illustrate principles of the resource dependency theory (Pfeffer and Salancik 1978): institutions impacted by external economic changes, adjust revenues, staffing, and expenditures during economic changes.