cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A distributed dislocation stress analysis for crazes and plastic zones at crack tips

A distributed dislocation method is developed to obtain analytically the applied stress as well as the surface stress profile along narrow plastic zones at the tip of a crack in a homogeneous tensile stress field. Replacing the plastic zone by a continuous array of mathematical dislocations, the stress field solution of this mixed boundary value problem (the displacement profile of the plastic zone is fixed while the tensile stresses are zero across the crack) can be solved. A computer program based on this stress field solution has been constructed and tested using the analytical results of the Dugdale model. The method is then applied to determining the surface stress profiles of crazes and plane-stress plastic deformation zones grown from electron microprobe cracks in polystyrene and polycarbonate respectively. The necessary craze and zone surface displacement profiles are determined by quantitative analysis of transmission electron micrographs. The surface stress profiles, which show small stress concentrations at the craze or zone tip falling to an approximately constant value which is maintained to the crack tip, are compared with those previously computed using an approximate Fourier transform method involving estimation of the displacement profile in the crack. The agreement between the approximate method and the exact distributed dislocation method is satisfactory.
Impersonation vs. interpretation

(1916). Impersonation vs. interpretation. Quarterly Journal of Speech: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 340-343.
High school dropouts: interactions between social context, self-perceptions, school engagement, and student dropout.

Research suggests that contextual, self-system, and school engagement variables influence dropping out from school. However, it is not clear how different types of contextual and self-system variables interact to affect students’ engagement or contribute to decisions to dropout from high school. The self-system model of motivational development represents a promising theory for understanding this complex phenomenon. The self-system model acknowledges the interactive and iterative roles of social context, self-perceptions, school engagement, and academic achievement as antecedents to the decision to dropout of school. We analyzed data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002–2004 in the context of the self-system model, finding that perception of social context (teacher support and parent support) predicts students’ self-perceptions (perception of control and identification with school), which in turn predict students’ academic and behavioral engagement, and academic achievement. Further, students’ academic and behavioral engagement and achievement in 10th grade were associated with decreased likelihood of dropping out of school in 12th grade.
Substitutions at the Asp-473 Latch Residue of Chlamydomonas Ribulosebisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Cause Decreases in Carboxylation Efficiency and CO2/O2 Specificity

The loop between α-helix 6 and β-strand 6 in the α/β-barrel active site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1.39) plays a key role in discriminating between gaseous substrates CO2 and O2. Based on numerous x-ray crystal structures, loop 6 is either closed or open depending on the presence or absence, respectively, of substrate ligands. The carboxyl terminus folds over loop 6 in the closed conformation, prompting speculation that it may trigger or latch loop 6 closure. Because an x-ray crystal structure of tobacco Rubisco revealed that phosphate is located at a site in the open form that is occupied by the carboxyl group of Asp-473 in the closed form, it was proposed that Asp-473 may serve as the latch that holds the carboxyl terminus over loop 6. To assess the essentiality of Asp-473 in catalysis, we used directed mutagenesis and chloroplast transformation of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to create D473A and D473E mutant enzymes. The D473A and D473E mutant strains can grow photoautotrophically, indicating that Asp-473 is not essential for catalysis. However, both substitutions caused 87% decreases in carboxylation catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) and ∼16% decreases in CO2/O2 specificity. If the carboxyl terminus is required for stabilizing loop 6 in the closed conformation, there must be additional residues at the carboxyl terminus/loop 6 interface that contribute to this mechanism. Considering that substitutions at residue 473 can influence CO2/O2 specificity, further study of interactions between loop 6 and the carboxyl terminus may provide clues for engineering an improved Rubisco.
Pattern formation and eyespot determination in butterfly wings

Butterfly wings display pattern elements of many types and colors. To identify the molecular processes underlying the generation of these patterns, several butterfly cognates of Drosophila appendage patterning genes have been cloned and their expression patterns have been analyzed. Butterfly wing patterns are organized by two spatial coordinate systems. One system specifies positional information with respect to the entire wing field and is conserved between fruit flies and butterflies. A second system, superimposed on the general system and involving several of the same genes, operates within each wing subdivision to elaborate discrete pattern elements. Eyespots, which form from discrete developmental organizers, are marked by Distal-less gene expression. These circular pattern elements appear to be generated by a process similar to, and perhaps evolved from, proximodistal pattern formation in insect appendages.
Endothelin-1 Augments Na+/H+ Exchange Activity in Murine Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells via Rho Kinase

Excessive production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, occurs with several forms of pulmonary hypertension. In addition to modulating vasomotor tone, ET-1 can potentiate pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) growth and migration, both of which contribute to the vascular remodeling that occurs during the development of pulmonary hypertension. It is well established that changes in cell proliferation and migration in PASMCs are associated with alkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi), typically due to activation of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE). In the systemic vasculature, ET-1 increases pHi, Na+/H+ exchange activity and stimulates cell growth via a mechanism dependent on protein kinase C (PKC). These results, coupled with data describing elevated levels of ET-1 in hypertensive animals/humans, suggest that ET-1 may play an important role in modulating pHi and smooth muscle growth in the lung; however, the effect of ET-1 on basal pHi and NHE activity has yet to be examined in PASMCs. Thus, we used fluorescent microscopy in transiently (3–5 days) cultured rat PASMCs and the pH-sensitive dye, BCECF-AM, to measure changes in basal pHi and NHE activity induced by increasing concentrations of ET-1 (10−10 to 10−8 M). We found that application of exogenous ET-1 increased pHi and NHE activity in PASMCs and that the ET-1-induced augmentation of NHE was prevented in PASMCs pretreated with an inhibitor of Rho kinase, but not inhibitors of PKC. Moreover, direct activation of PKC had no effect on pHi or NHE activity in PASMCs. Our results indicate that ET-1 can modulate pH homeostasis in PASMCs via a signaling pathway that includes Rho kinase and that, in contrast to systemic vascular smooth muscle, activation of PKC does not appear to be an important regulator of PASMC pHi.
Effect of seminal extenders containing egg yolk and glycerol on motion characteristics and fertility of stallion spermatozoa.

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of egg yolk and(or) glycerol added to a nonfat dried skim milk-glucose (NDSMG) extender on motion characteristics and fertility of stallion spermatozoa. In Experiment 1, ejaculates from each of 8 stallions were exposed to each of 4 extender treatments: 1) NDSMG, 2) NDSMG + 4% egg yolk (EY), 3) NDSMG + 4% glycerol (GL), and 4) NDSMG + 4% egg yolk + 4% glycerol (EY + GL). Samples were cooled at −0.7 °C/min from 37 to 20 °C; subsamples were then cooled at −0.05 or −0.5 °C/min from 20 to 5 °C. Percentages of motile spermatozoa (MOT) and progressively motile spermatozoa (PMOT) were determined at 6, 24 and 48 h after initiation of cooling. There was no overall effect (P > 0.05) of cooling rate. PMOT was highest (P < 0.05) for spermatozoa extended in NDSMG + GL at 48 h. At 24 and 48 h, MOT and PMOT were lowest (P < 0.05) for spermatozoa extended in NDSMG + EY. In Experiment 2, ejaculates from 8 stallions were exposed to each of 4 treatments: 1) NDSMG, 2) NDSMG + EY, 3) semen centrifuged in NDSMG and resuspended in NDSMG, and 4) semen centrifuged in NDSMG and resuspended in NDSMG + EY. Samples were cooled from 20 to 5 °C at each of 2 rates (−0.05, −0.5 °C/min). A detrimental interaction between seminal plasma and egg yolk was noted for PMOT at 6 h and for both MOT and PMOT at ≥24 h postcooling. Experiment 3 determined if egg yolk or glycerol affected fertility. The seminal treatments were 1) NDSMG, 2) ndsmg+ey with previous removal of seminal plasma, and 3) NDSMG + GL. All samples were cooled to 5 °C and stored 24 h before insemination. Embryo recovery rates 7 d after ovulation were lower for mares inseminated with spermatozoa cooled in NDSMG + EY (17%, 424) or NDSMG + GL (13%, 324) extenders, than semen cooled in NDSMG (50%, 1224). We concluded that egg yolk (with seminal plasma removal) or glycerol added to NDSMG extender did not depress MOT or PMOT of cooled stallion spermatozoa but adversely affected fertility.
How radiologists get paid: resource-based relative value scale and the revenue cycle.

OBJECTIVE. To learn the impact of health care reform, it is important for radiologists to first understand basic administrative aspects of medicine. This article describes the processes of radiology billing, reimbursement, and the revenue cycle, which includes the importance of proper coding, the resource-based relative value scale, and accounts receivable. CONCLUSION. An understanding of the basics of medical practice management can help radiologists effectively provide optimal patient care. This article provides an overview of one component of this topic—the current radiology reimbursement system.
Assessment of Preschool Narrative Skills

The assessment of discourse skills in young children is an important responsibility facing clinicians today. Early identification of problems in discourse skills and, more specifically, narrative a...
Problematic situations in nursing: analysis of Orlando's theory based on Dewey's theory of inquiry

Orlando's theory, proposed as a framework to use in problematic situations, was analysed using Dewey's theory of inquiry. This analysis revealed that Orlando's concepts are remarkably similar to those of Dewey. Each used an organizing principle that was derived from the meaning of experience and both view investigation as a serial process using facts and ideas to determine the problem and its solution. Several areas in Orlando's work could be enhanced and extended through the formulations of Dewey. The analysis supports the use of Orlando's theory in problematic situations.
Operating characteristics at Mach 4 of an inlet having forward-swept, sidewall-compression surfaces

A three-dimensional, forward-swept sidewall-compression inlet has been tested in the Mach 4 Blowdown Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center to examine parameters that affect inlet starting, operability, and performance. The inlet was designed to simultaneously provide good starting and mass capture characteristics through the combination of forward-swept sidewalls and the aft placement of the downstream cowl. Parametrics examined included top surface compression, geometric contraction ratio, sidewall compression angle, boundary-layer thickness on the vehicle undersurface, and cowl position. To simulate combustion effects on inlet operation, the inlet was mechanically back pressured to determine maximum achievable combustor-to-inlet pressure ratio prior to inlet unstart. Inlet operability and performance are shown in terms of inlet starting (pulsed and self-starting) and unstarting characteristics, inlet static pressure distributions, combustor back pressure limits, mass capture, and flow uniformity.
Quantifying Aggregation Dynamics during Myxococcus xanthus Development

Under starvation conditions, a swarm of Myxococcus xanthus cells will undergo development, a multicellular process culminating in the formation of many aggregates called fruiting bodies, each of which contains up to 100,000 spores. The mechanics of symmetry breaking and the self-organization of cells into fruiting bodies is an active area of research. Here we use microcinematography and automated image processing to quantify several transient features of developmental dynamics. An analysis of experimental data indicates that aggregation reaches its steady state in a highly nonmonotonic fashion. The number of aggregates rapidly peaks at a value 2- to 3-fold higher than the final value and then decreases before reaching a steady state. The time dependence of aggregate size is also nonmonotonic, but to a lesser extent: average aggregate size increases from the onset of aggregation to between 10 and 15 h and then gradually decreases thereafter. During this process, the distribution of aggregates transitions from a nearly random state early in development to a more ordered state later in development. A comparison of experimental results to a mathematical model based on the traffic jam hypothesis indicates that the model fails to reproduce these dynamic features of aggregation, even though it accurately describes its final outcome. The dynamic features of M. xanthus aggregation uncovered in this study impose severe constraints on its underlying mechanisms.
A labeling algorithm to solve the assignment problem

Abstract This paper describes a simple labeling algorithm to solve the assignment problem. The labeling approach is based on the maximum-flow formulation of the problem of finding the fewest number of lines to cover all zeros in the reduced assignment matrix. The approach is useful for educational purposes as well as programming environments. The labeling procedure can be used without requiring familiarity with the maximum-flow problem.
Formation of buried high-resistivity layers in InP crystals by MeV nitrogen ion implantation

We have studied the formation of buried high-resistivity layers in InP single crystals by MeV ion implantation. It was found that the implantation of MeV nitrogen ions plus subsequent thermal annealing can generate a deep burried layer with resistivity up to about 10^6 Ω cm in n-type InP crystals. This layer has exhibited implant dose dependence, high thermal stability and reproducibility over a dose range of 5 × 10^(14) − 1 × 10^(16) cm^(−2). The mechanism of insulating layer generation by implantation, based on cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) and I–V curve measurements, as well as the application of this technique in device fabrication, will be discussed.
Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor of the brain: cytopathologic characteristics and differential diagnosis.

BACKGROUND Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a highly aggressive neoplasm with a unique cytogenetic profile. Although the clinicopathologic and radiologic features of AT/RT have been described previously, to the authors' knowledge the cytomorphologic profile of this tumor has not been studied well. METHODS Nine samples of AT/RT from 8 patients were analyzed from the pathology files of 2 large institutions in a 10-year period (1993–2002). Material consisted of slides made from scraping and smearing (SS) or squash preparation (SP) of the tissue cores (six slides), fine-needle aspiration (FNA) (two slides), and cerebrospinal fluid (one slide). Smears were stained with Diff-Quik, Papanicolaou, and hematoxylin and eosin stains. RESULTS There were 4 males and 4 females who ranged in age from 1–16 years (mean age, 7.1 years). Cytomorphologic features consisted of hypercellularity (eight of eight tumors); predominantly large tissue fragments with tumor cells surrounding proliferating capillaries depicting a “papillary-like” appearance (five of eight tumors); large, round, “plasmacytoid” cells and characteristic “rhabdoid” cells (i.e., intermediate-sized cells with granular to fibrillary, brightly eosinophilic cytoplasm with or without globoid “inclusions”; large, eccentrically located, round-to-reniform nuclei with single prominent nucleoli; eight of eight tumors); small, round, primitive “neuronal-appearing” cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio (five of eight patients); and bizarre, multinucleated giant cells (two of eight tumors). Also seen were numerous apoptotic bodies, mitoses, and significant necrosis (seven of eight tumors), and prominent dystrophic calcification (four of eight tumors). CONCLUSIONS AT/RT is extremely rare. Cytologic examination by SS, SP, or FNA offers a useful alternative to frozen section during intraoperative consultation. Cytomorphologic features are unique and lead to an accurate diagnosis in the right clinicoradiologic context. The differential diagnosis includes medulloblastoma (in cerebellar tumors), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (in suprasellar tumors), choroid plexus carcinoma, and malignant glioma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Collaborative environments as border agents

What information do entities within an enterprise need to share in order to be considered collaborating? How do those entities make decisions? Is this process one that can be captured and implemented in software or stored for future learning? These questions are typical of those asked at the onset of process modeling or for gathering user requirements, but recent work at the US/Mexico border to understand import/export procedures cast them in a new framework. A more critical question may be how does an organization, as typified by their culture, perceive and therefore manage technology?Cultural differences in software development are not always as easily perceived as those at an international border, yet they are just as strong. On one hand, there are "code jocks" that feel that developing software is intensely personal and should not be constrained by a pre-defined process. On the other, "process weenies" that test and accept software for corporate use and wish for order and consistency in how we develop our products. Who is right? They both are. A challenge to collaborative environments is managing the expectations of both.
Detection of coherent radar returns of unknown Doppler shift

This paper considers the radar detection of short-duration, pulsed signals shifted in frequency by a target moving at a constant but unknown velocity. The filter operation required is derived by using the likelihood ratio, averaged over the unknown frequency shift. For large signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and white Gaussian noise, the performance of the filter is essentially identical to that of maximum likelihood detectors (e.g., periodograms [1]-[3]), and the choice of filter is principally based on convenience. However, for small SNRs, or when cumulative probability of detection is of interest, the average likelihood receiver is preferable. The detection characteristic, given and discussed in Section III, is seen to consist of the sum of pairwise products of the in-phase and out-of-phase components of the individual pulses, added to the sum of the pulse envelopes. For very small integrated SNRs, little improvement over the phase-incoherent (square law) detector is possible, since the velocity estimates have very high variances. For small SNR per pulse but many pulses, the advantage over incoherent detection may be considerable; this remains to be investigated. For large SNR, the discussion of maximum likelihood receivers is germane. The filter has two properties that are convenient for the circuit designer. First, only various simple iterated sums of correlations of each received pulse with a sine wave at the carrier frequency, and with a cosine wave at the carrier frequency, are required. Thus, if m pulses are received, 4m numbers must be formed and stored. Second, the computation of the likelihood ratio may be carried out by a differential procedure. If the likelihood ratio for m pulses, L(m) , is available, L(m+1) is formed by adding 2(m+1) numbers to L(m) . Thus, only 2m 2 -step numerical operations, not 2^{2m} are needed after each pulse. This property suggests that the test might be carried out sequentially. If sequential analysis is performed, digital rather than analog procedures might prove more convenient, since the required amounts of delay (i.e., of memory duration) cannot be specified in advance.
Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium spp. and unicellular diazotrophs in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

unicellular diazotrophs were responsible for activity there. Our studies show a geographical variation in the dominant diazotroph in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre in the summer with Trichodesmium being dominant around the Hawaiian Islands, Richelia associated with diatoms to be found in high numbers to the south of the islands while unicellular diazotrophs dominated to the west, away from the islands and evidence from the literature suggests iron may play a role.
VLSI implementation of invisible digital watermarking algorithms towards the development of a secure JPEG encoder

The research in digital watermarking is well matured. Several watermarking algorithms have been proposed for image, video, audio and text in the current literature. Digital watermarking is the process that embeds data, called a watermark, into a multimedia object such that the watermark can be detected or extracted later to make an assertion about the object. The number of software implementations of the proposed algorithms is significantly large, whereas a hardware implementations is lacking. Hardware implementation has advantages over software implementation in terms of low power, high performance, and reliability. We have developed a hardware system that can insert both robust and fragile invisible watermarks in the image. The hardware module can be easily incorporated in a JPEG encoder to develop a secure JPEG encoder. The watermark module is implemented using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. To our knowledge, this is the first watermarking chip implementing both invisible-robust and invisible-fragile watermarks.
The biochemistry of toxic elements.

In 1968 it was discovered that mercury could be biomethylated to give methylmercury as the major product (Wood, Kennedy & Rosen, 1968; Jensen & Jernelov, 1969). This discovery has proved to be important in two respects: (a) it provided us with the recognition that biological systems are capable of synthesizing very toxic organometallic compounds from relatively innocuous inorganic precursors, and (b) it opened the door to the study of organometallic compounds produced by biological mechanisms in the aqueous environment.
Dynamically scheduled MPC of nonlinear processes using hinging hyperplane models

This article deals with the issues associated with designing scheduled model predictive controllers for nonlinear systems within the multiple-linear-model-based control framework. The issues of model set generation from empirical data and closed-loop application of the generated model set are considered. A method of hinging hyperplanes is proposed as a way to construct a piecewise linear dynamic model, conducive to dynamic scheduling of linear MFC controllers. The design and implementation of dynamically scheduled MFC using a hinge function model are discussed, as well as its advantages. Alternate MFC formulations considered here require more computation, but utilize the hinge function model as a global model. Simulated examples of isothermal CSTRs and a batch fermenter are also presented to illustrate the proposed methodologies.
Modified Compact Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for 4–50-GHz UWB Application

A novel way capable of improving low-frequency performance of Vivaldi antennas is presented in this paper. Traditional Vivaldi antennas are modified via introducing the loading structure, i.e., circular-shape-load or slot-load, to match the termination. This modified antenna has been demonstrated to have the impedance bandwidth of over 25:1. It also exhibits symmetric radiation patterns in both the E- and H-plane in addition to the gain varying from 3 to 12 dBi in the measurement bandwidth of 4-50 GHz.
Exploring Marketing's Relationship to Society

William L. Wilkie is Nathe Professor of Marketing, University of Notre Dame (e-mail: wwilkie@nd.edu). How Did This Issue Come About? For much of my career, I have been intrigued with trying to comprehend what the field of marketing is actually about (and what it might be about, what it could be about, what it should be about, and so forth). In recent years, I have joined with my colleague Elizabeth Moore to pursue these questions in a structured manner, and I have come across many interesting findings and ideas. Some are reported in the article, “Marketing’s Contributions to Society,” which appeared in the special issue of Journal of Marketing (Wilkie and Moore 1999). Our plan had been to provide a brief, historical overview of the history of marketing thought as an introduction to that article, but when the section ballooned to 30 pages, we decided to pull it out entirely, revamp and extend its coverage, and develop it as a separate paper. That article, titled “Scholarly Research in Marketing: Exploring the ‘4 Eras’ of Thought Development,” appeared in the Journal of Public Policy & Marketing about a year ago (Wilkie and Moore 2003). While the paper was going through the review process, Joel Cohen, editor of Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, asked whether I would be interested in pursuing some of the issues that Elizabeth and I were raising in these papers, specifically for me to serve as a special issue editor and encourage the sort of projects we were saying would be useful. I agreed, and this is the result, with which I am very pleased.
Speaking for the environment

Communicators have special opportunities to promote environmental ethics. This paper shows how environmental ethics relates to the workplace and gives ideas about how communicators can help the environment in their work. >
Evaluation of the Use of a Biodegradable Ureteral Stent After Retrograde Endopyelotomy in a Porcine Model

Purpose: We evaluated the use of a poly-L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) bioabsorbable ureteral stent after Acucise balloon incision (Applied Medical Resources, Rancho Santa Magarita, California) endopyelotomy in a porcine model.Materials and Methods: After unilateral Acucise endopyelotomy in 9 female Yucatan minipigs a self-reinforced PLGA stent was placed in 5 (group 1) and a 7Fr double pigtail Percuflex stent (Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts) was placed in 4 (group 2). Preoperatively, and 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, cystography, side specific creatinine clearance and retrograde ureterography were done. The contralateral ureters served as untreated controls. The 7Fr stents were removed at 6 weeks. All animals were sacrificed at 12 weeks after bilateral flow studies. Histological specimens from 4 sites along the urinary tract were graded on a healing score of 0—normal, to 3—severe changes.Results: Side specific creatinine clearance was similar to ...
Effects of top‐level comparison‐contrast text structures on reading comprehension performance

Abstract This study examined the effects of two types of comparison‐contrast discourse structures on the initial learning and retention of unfamiliar scientific information by mature readers. Specifically, divided [A‐B] patterns (in which all of the information about one topic is presented in its entirety before corresponding information about the second topic occurs) were matched against alternating [A‐B, A‐B, A‐B] patterns (whereby features of the two topics are compared and/or contrasted in a point‐by‐point fashion). Topics centered on the brain versus a computer, the eye versus a camera, the phonograph versus compact disc players, and dot‐matrix versus daisy wheel computer printers. Despite a host of pattern‐related factors that could have contributed to performance differences, subjects learned and remembered key data equally well regardless of the type of comparison‐contrast pattern used. These findings were interpreted as a demonstration of the mature reader's versatility in accommodating unfamilia...
PROCEDURAL INJUSTICE, VICTIM PRECIPITATION, AND ABUSIVE SUPERVISION

We used data collected from a field survey of 334 supervisor‐subordinate dyads to test a model of the antecedents of abusive supervision. Path analytic tests of moderated mediation provided support for our prediction that supervisors’ depression mediates the relationship between supervisors’ procedural justice and subordinates’ perceptions of their supervisors’ abusiveness and that the mediation framework is stronger when subordinates are higher in negative affectivity. We discuss the study’s implications for theory, research, and practice.
The VerIFAST: an integrated method for cell isolation and extracellular/intracellular staining

Isolation and characterization of a specific subset of cells from a large heterogeneous population is necessary for studying rare subpopulations of cells. Existing methods require transfer or wash steps that risk causing loss of the rare cell population of interest. Integrated methods reduce loss, making these methods especially useful for reliable isolation of rare cell populations. In this report, we demonstrate the VerIFAST, a device that builds upon the simplified workflow of the Immiscible Filtration Assisted by Surface Tension (IFAST) to integrate a method for cellular isolation with methods for extra- and intracellular staining. First, a front-end purification step allows cells and unwanted particulates to passively settle out of the operational path of the paramagnetic particles, resulting in good efficiency of capture (>80%) and purity (>70%) with a single virtual wall traverse. Second, a Sieve Chamber is used downstream of the isolation chamber that removes excess unbound paramagnetic particles (PMPs) and performs complex multi-step washing procedures without centrifugation or transfer steps. Further, cellular staining can be performed in the device and is demonstrated for extracellular epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), intracellular pan-cytokeratins, and Ki-67.
Evaluating taxonomic turnover: Pennsylvanian–Permian brachiopods and bivalves of the North American Midcontinent

Using museum and literature data, we characterize faunal turnover in bivalves and brachiopods of the North American Midcontinent over approximately 12.5 Myr spanning the Pennsylvanian/Permian boundary. The two groups experienced indistinguishable rates of background faunal turnover but differed in the type and timing of elevated turnover episodes. Bivalves underwent an episode of elevated first appearance in the Missourian Series whereas brachiopods underwent an episode of elevated disappearance in the Wolfcampian Series. In neither group does turnover history strongly correlate to long-term changes in basinal lithofacies, which reflect evolution of regional climate. Comparison with other time intervals and basins suggests that magnitude and frequency of turnover episodes during the late Paleozoic was intermediate between the more episodic early Paleozoic and less episodic Mesozoic.
The Varieties of Other Caucasian futramarriage in Hawaii 1987

Intramarriage among other Caucasians is examined in 1987 Hawaii department of Health data tapes of Hawaiian marriages in order to ascertain the extent of differences in Caucasian ancestry and intramarriage. Other Caucasian refers to individuals who are part Caucasian and part another race other than Hawaiian. Distinctions were made between those born in Hawaii those in the Armed Forces and nonnative residents; these groups had different levels of intramarriage. the results showed that Armed Forces (86% of brides and 68.6% of grooms) had the highest rate of intramarriage and those locally born Caucasians the lowest (50.2-50.7%). Nonlocal other Caucasian born residents had intermediate rates of intramarriage. Other Caucasian grooms born in Hawaii had a 1st marriage intramarriage rate of 42% and 2nd marriage rate of 66.7%. Marriages tend to be intramarriages when religious officials perform ceremonies particularly for the other Caucasian resident groom (63.8% religious vs 48.1% civil ceremonies). There was no direct effect for age and education among any of the 3 groups. The more recent data did not support earlier findings of a relationship between occupational status and racial intermarriage. Armed Services brides and grooms who are other Caucasian live on Oahu and have the highest intramarriage %s. Oahu also has the lowest rates of born in Hawaii and resident other Caucasian brides and grooms intramarriages except for born in Hawaii grooms who are born on the island of Hawaii. The highest rate of intramarriage for resident other Caucasians occurs in the County of Maui (Maui Lanai and Molokai islands). The research demonstrates that intramarriage varies by 1st 2nd generation or military status. When resident other Caucasians children remain in Hawaii the overall intramarriage rate will probably decline. Further suggested research should focus on the differences between outmarriage and whom is married and the sample size should be increased perhaps by examining 5 years of data.
RELATIVISTIC THEORY OF THE TWO INTERPENETRATING BEAM-PLASMA INTERACTION

The beam-plasma interaction resulting from two equal density,oppsitely directed elec-tron beams interacting with heavy background ions has been studied both theoretically and experimentallyin previous work,The nature of the interaction mechanism considered in this paper is illustratedschematically in Figure 1,a less restricted version of the model considered in references 1 and 2.We useperturbation theory to extend the previous non-relativistic model to include relativistic electron beams andthe influence of relativistic effects on the beam-plasma interaction.In addition,the previous model was re-stricted to oppositely-directed electron beams with equal speeds interacting in a heavy-ion plasma.We gen-eralize this model to include,along with relativistc effects,two beams of unequal velocity which are ei-ther parallel or anti-parallel.This generalized theory not only exhibits relativistic effects explicitly,butalso facilitates comparison with familiar devices and processes such as the traveling wave tube,theBuneman instability,and the Pierce instability.A general relativistic dispersion equation has been ob-tained,and a new class of FEL based on this relativistic interaction is proposed.
Determination of Contents of Lead and Cadmium in Common Vegetables

Through the investigation into the contents of two heavy metals cadmium(Cd) and lead(Pb) in 75 samples of vegetables from 25 varieties sold in large supermarkets in Hohhot,this test was conducted to determine the status quo of the contents and distributions of these two heavy metals in vegetables.Determination samples were tested by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to get the lead and cadmium contents.Different vegetable had exceeded the standard to different degree,of which the most serious excess was in beans,in which the lead contents exceeded the national standards by 15 times,with the exceeding rate 100%,and its cadmium contents exceeded the standards by 7 times,with the exceeding rate 33.3%;as to the leek,its lead contents exceeded the standards by 5 times,with the exceeding rate 100%.Different varieties of vegetables to the same heavy metal element,or the same vegetable to different heavy metal elements,the heavy metal enrichment absorption showed significant differences,and as to the same vegetable produced in different area,the accumulation of the heavy metal absorption also showed differences.
Fast Scanning Calorimetry–Fast Thermal Desorption Technique: The Thin Wire Approach

For the first time, we give an exceptionally detailed description of the fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) apparatus developed in our laboratory at the George Washington University. Our experimental approach is based on using a thin (10 μm in diameter) filament for vapor deposition of bulk-like and ultrathin films of model organic glass formers and noncrystalline aqueous phases at temperatures from 95 to 180 K. These samples are then subjected to rapid heating with rates in excess of 105 K/s, and the effective heat capacity is measured as a function of temperature. Because the filament acts simultaneously as both a heater and a temperature sensor, the FSC apparatus utilizes a very simple design for data acquisition and other systems. We discuss the fundamental advantages of our FSC approach, describe new temperature calibration procedures and other instrumental tests, point out potential pitfalls and experimental design mistakes, and illustrate the capabilities of the FSC approach with selected results from our most recent studies.
The Private Northern Bloc

The Global Establishment has emerged from the historical conjuncture of the Great Disaster and the transnationalization of Northern national establishments. The preceding chapter outlined the impact of the Great Disaster on Northern and Asian elites, which created the motive to create a Global Establishment. The following two chapters show how the trend of capital concentration in Northern nations led to a transnational establishmentism which united elites into a Northern segment of the Global Establishment. The subsequent two chapters show how Asian elites, having created their own national establishments, became integrated with the Northern segment to form a truly global structure.
Classifier constructions and their evolution: a commentary on Kemmerer (2016)*

Kemmerer provides a brief but thorough review of the semantic categories and distinctions that are found in a variety of classifier systems in the world’s languages, and rightly argues that any hyp...
El oficio de la arqueología

La idea de la arqueologia como arte desafia la separacion entre razonamiento y ejecucion, teoria y practica, que hoy caracteriza a la disciplina. El Movimiento de Artes y Oficios de fines del siglo XIX establecio a la artesania como una manifestacion estetica de oposicion. Asentamos a la artesania dentro de una critica marxista del trabajo alienado y proponemos una practica unificada de mano, corazon y mente. Los debates engendrados por la arqueologia postprocesual han definido firmemente a la arqueologia del presente como una practica cultural y politica. Sin embargo, muchos arqueologos aun no saben como implementar estas ideas. Arguimos que una solucion a este dilema consiste en pensar en la arqueologia como artesania. Esta resolucion no provee un metodo o un libro de recetas para la practica de la arqueologia, puesto que el nucleo de nuestro argumento es que la intencion de regularizar la arqueologia constituye precisamente la causa de alienacion de la disciplina. Por el contrario, deseamos considerar a la arqueologia como un modo de produccion cultural, una practica unificada que involucra al pasado, al arqueologo, al publico, al cliente y a la sociedad contemporanea.
Stream Restoration Performance and Its Contribution to the Chesapeake Bay TMDL: Challenges Posed by Climate Change in Urban Areas

In large part driven by total maximum daily load (TMDL) mandates, the restoration community in the Chesapeake Bay region has been implementing novel best management practices (BMPs) and stream restoration designs in urban areas, such as regenerative stream/stormwater conveyance (RSC) structures and stream-wetland complexes (SWCs). However, the nutrient and sediment reduction efficiencies of these novel designs are virtually unknown, and the possibility of increasing riverine flow in the Chesapeake Bay watershed associated with climate change this century necessitates an evaluation of their performance to develop and utilize those that optimize reductions in nutrient and sediment fluxes. We compare pre- and post-construction loads (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS)) from RSCs (i.e., upland BMPs) and a SWC (i.e., stream restoration) constructed at the outflow of a highly developed watershed in the Coastal Plain physiographic province of Maryland. The largest of the two RSCs performed best in relation to expected nutrient and sediment reductions because of superior water retention capability. By the length of river reach restored, the SWC attained from 79 to 88% of its N reduction TMDL goal, but only 19 to 23 and 2.7 to 3.1% for TP and TSS, respectively; by watershed area, % attainments of TMDL goals were much lower. Results indicate that SWCs have the potential to curtail N loading from developed catchments, but additional water quality benefits may be limited. Climate change projections indicate that there will be an increased frequency of larger-volume storms that will result in an increase in stormflow runoff from urban areas, and increased pollutant loads will likely curtail potential gains made by efforts to achieve TMDL goals. Given the large-scale implementation of BMPs currently underway to accommodate the Chesapeake Bay TMDL, the restoration community needs to adopt a concerted strategy of building climate resilience into many types of urban BMPs to help attain and maintain loads at TMDL levels in anticipation of a progressively wetter climate throughout this century.
Differentiating Between Postural Tachycardia Syndrome and Vasovagal Syncope.

* Abbreviations: HUT — : head-up tilt POTS — : postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome VVS — : vasovagal syncope Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a clinical entity characterized by orthostatic intolerance that includes an increase in heart rate of at least 30 bpm when one changes from a supine to an upright position within the first 10 minutes of standing without prolonged bed rest, medications, or other chronic debilitating disorders that impair autonomic reflexes. Clinical complaints in patients with POTS include dizziness, fatigue, confusion, and vision and hearing changes that are felt to be due to decreased cerebral blood flow. POTS is a multisystem disease leading to functional impairment similar to a chronic lung or heart condition and comprises a mixed group of varied disorders associated with similar clinical symptoms.1 Receiving a diagnosis of POTS can be psychologically debilitating.2 POTS may profoundly impact one’s quality of life and basic functioning.3 Appropriate management of and attention to POTS can increase patient quality of life and decrease patient and family anxiety. … Address correspondence to Jeffrey B. Anderson, MD, MPH, MBA, Department of Cardiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, MLB 2003, Cincinnati, OH 45229. E-mail: jeffrey.anderson{at}cchmc.org
Investigation of late Pleistocene and Holocene activity in the San Gregorio fault zone on the continental slope north of Monterey Canyon, offshore central California

Abstract We provide an extensive high‐resolution geophysical, sediment core, and radiocarbon dataset to address late Pleistocene and Holocene fault activity of the San Gregorio fault zone (SGFZ), offshore central California. The SGFZ occurs primarily offshore in the San Andreas fault system and has been accommodating dextral strike‐slip motion between the Pacific and North American plates since the mid‐Miocene. Our study focuses on the SGFZ where it has been mapped through the continental slope north of Monterey Canyon. From 2009 to 2015, the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute collected high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry and chirp sub‐bottom profiles using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). Targeted samples were collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to provide radiocarbon age constraints. We integrate the high‐resolution geophysical data with radiocarbon dates to reveal Pleistocene seismic horizons vertically offset less than 5 m on nearly vertical faults. These faults are buried by continuous reflections deposited after ∼17.5 ka and likely following erosion during the last sea‐level lowstand ∼21 ka, bracketing the age of faulting to ∼32–21 ka. Clearly faulted horizons are only detected in a small area where mass wasting exhumed older strata to within ∼25 m of the seafloor. The lack of clearly faulted Holocene deposits and possible highly distributed faulting in the study area are consistent with previous interpretations that late Pleistocene and Holocene activity along the SGFZ may decrease to the south. This study illustrates the complexity of the SGFZ, offshore central California, and demonstrates the utility of very high‐resolution data from combined AUV (geophysical)–ROV (seabed sampling) surveys in offshore studies of fault activity.
Shift Happens. How Halide Ion Defects Influence Photoinduced Segregation in Mixed Halide Perovskites

Minimizing photoinduced segregation in mixed halide lead perovskites is important for achieving stable photovoltaic performance. The shift in the absorption and the rate of formation of iodide- and bromide-rich regions following visible excitation of mixed halide lead perovskites is found to strongly depend on the halide ion concentration. Slower formation and recovery rates observed in halide-deficient films indicate the involvement of defect sites in influencing halide phase segregation. At higher halide concentrations (in stoichiometric excess), segregation effects become less prominent, as evidenced by faster recovery kinetics. These results suggest that light-induced compositional segregation can be minimized in mixed halide perovskite films by using excess halide ions. The findings from this study further reflect the importance of halide ion post-treatment of perovskite films to improve their solar cell performance.
Initial Evidence for the Reliability and Validity of the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP) in College Men

ABSTRACTThis study provides psychometric data on the Sexual Experiences Survey—Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP), a revision of one of the most widely used measures of sexual perpetration, in a sample of college men. Participants (n = 402) completed a web survey containing the study measures; a subset of 66 participants completed the SES-SFP again 2 weeks later. Our results provide initial evidence of internal consistency and convergent evidence of validity for the SES-SFP in college men but question the measure’s test-retest reliability. The severity of tactics used to coerce sexually aggressive behaviors was more strongly associated with rape empathy than sexual outcome severity scores, indicating utility of assessing coercive tactics. Additional research is needed regarding the psychometric properties of the SES-SFP and other measures of sexual perpetration in order to accurately assess rates of these behaviors and inform preventive interventions.