cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revelation, Realia, and Religion: Archaeology in the Interpretation of the Apocalypse

The use of archaeological materials for interpreting New Testament texts poses many problems. While many archaeologists have interpreted the Hebrew Bible, this early interface of archaeology and the study of the Hebrew scriptures is due in part to the fact that the relation-ship between biblical texts and the realia from Palestine seemed more direct. Since archaeological materials tend to deal with mainstream culture and since the texts from Israel and Judah were connected to institutions that were part of that area's dominant culture, the study of archaeology has contributed much to an understanding of the Hebrew scriptures.
Dynamic Batch Size Selection for Batch Mode Active Learning in Biometrics

Robust biometric recognition is of paramount importance in security and surveillance applications. In face based biometric systems, data is usually collected using a video camera with high frame rate and thus the captured data has high redundancy. Selecting the appropriate instances from this data to update a classification model, is a significant, yet valuable challenge. Active learning methods have gained popularity in identifying the salient and exemplar data instances from superfluous sets. Batch mode active learning schemes attempt to select a batch of samples simultaneously rather than updating the model after selecting every single data point. Existing work on batch mode active learning assume a fixed batch size, which is not a practical assumption in biometric recognition applications. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to dynamically select the batch size using clustering based unsupervised learning techniques. We also present a batch mode active learning strategy specially suited to handle the high redundancy in biometric datasets. The results obtained on the challenging VidTIMIT and MOBIO datasets corroborate the superiority of dynamic batch size selection over static batch size and also certify the potential of the proposed active learning scheme in being used for real world biometric recognition applications.
Emotional separation and empathy.

Investigated emotionality and empathy (N = 18). Empathy was considered in terms of empathic resonation and expressed empathy, two phases from Barrett-Lennard's (1981) empathy cycle. The results supported the hypothesis that participants' emotional experiences would correspond to the clinents' affective presentation. Empathic resonation also correlated negatively with the maintenance of emotional separation. The results were in the predicted direction for expressed empathy, but failed to reache statistical significance.
SPACE USE AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF LONG-TAILED SINGING MICE (SCOTINOMYS XERAMPELINUS)

Scotinomys xerampelinus, the long-tailed singing mouse, is diurnal and insectivorous, and exhibits a complex and unique calling behavior that is audible to humans. Little is known about the social structure of this species. We used livetrapping and radiotracking to investigate the spatial organization of a wild Panamanian population of long-tailed singing mice. We observed exclusive space use among females but not among males. For both males and females, individual home ranges (85% minimum convex polygons) typically overlapped with >1 animal of the opposite sex. No significant differences in body mass, hind-foot length, or home-range size (area) were found between males and females. Most individuals in the population nested alone. Patterns of space use and sexual dimorphism are frequently used to infer species' mating systems. Our results, in particular the tendency for individual home ranges to overlap with multiple potential reproductive partners, are most consistent with a promiscuous mating system.
Error propagation in the reliability analysis of component based systems

Component based development is gaining popularity in the software engineering community. The reliability of components affects the reliability of the system. Different models and theories have been developed to estimate system reliability given the information about system architecture and the quality of the components. Almost always in these models a key attribute of component-based systems, the error propagation between the components, is overlooked and not taken into account in the reliability prediction. We extend our previous work on Bayesian reliability prediction of component based systems by introducing the error propagation probability into the model. We demonstrate the impact of the error propagation in a case study of an automated personnel access control system. We conclude that error propagation may have a significant impact on the system reliability prediction and, therefore, future architecture-based models should not ignore it
Renaturation and Purification of Human Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Expressed in Recombinant E. coli

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor is an inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Evaluation of the pharmacological effects of tissue factor pathway inhibitor in animal models has been limited by the high cost and low availability of mammalian tissue culture produced protein. In order to circumvent this obstacle, a 277-amino-acid nonglycosylated tissue factor pathway inhibitor variant possessing an N-terminal alanine was expressed in recombinant E. coli using the tac promoter expression system. High-level expression in recombinant E. coli resulted in the accumulation of alatissue factor pathway inhibitor in inclusion bodies. Active protein was produced by solubilization of the inclusion bodies in 8 M urea, purification of the full-length molecule by cation exchange chromatography, and renaturation in 6 M urea. Fractionation of crude refold mixtures using cation exchange chromatography yielded a purified nonglycosylated tissue factor pathway inhibitor possessing in vitro prothrombin time activity comparable to inhibitor purified from mammalian cell lines.
URINARY PORTER-SILBER CHROMOGEN VERSUS BLUE TETRAZOLIUM CHROMOGEN AS A QUANTITATIVE INDEX OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION

METHODS thus far published for the estimation of urinary metabolites of the adrenocortical steroids have given only partially satisfactory estimates of adrenocortical function. The most widely used chemical procedure for the measurement of urinary corticosteroids has been the phenylhydrazine-sulfuric acid reaction as introduced by Porter and Silber (1). This reaction is specific for the determination of those cortical steroids which contain both an alpha ketol grouping and a hydroxyl group at the C17 position (1–3). Since some of the alpha ketolic corticosteroids elaborated by the human adrenal gland, such as aldosterone and corticosterone (4, 5), do not possess a 17-hydroxyl group, the Porter-Silber reaction cannot be used to measure this class of adrenocortical steroids. A method for the measurement of alpha ketolic corticosteroids based on the reduction of blue tetrazolium [3,3′-dianisole-bis-4,4′-(3,4-diphenyl)-tetrazolium chloride] in alkaline media was developed by Mader and Buck (6). This reaction ...
ON THE MICROSCOPIC BEHAVIOR OF HYDROGEN IN AMORPHOUS SILICON

Microscopic aspects of the behavior of hydrogen in amorphous silicon are reviewed in the context of density functional electronic structure calculations. The relative energetics of various hydrogen complexes are presented. Also, a hydrogen density of states picture is used to describe hydrogen-related phenomena including diffusion and defect formation. A microscopic theory for hydrogen-related metastability will be discussed in detail.
Efficiency analysis of multihypothesis motion-compensated prediction for video coding

Overlapped block motion compensation or B-frames are examples of multihypothesis motion compensation where several motion-compensated signals are superimposed to reduce the bit-rate of a video codec. This paper extends the wide-sense stationary theory of motion-compensated prediction (MCP) for hybrid video codecs to multihypothesis motion compensation. The power spectrum of the prediction error is related to the displacement error probability density functions (pdfs) of an arbitrary number of hypotheses in a closed-form expression. We then study the influence of motion compensation accuracy on the efficiency of multihypothesis motion compensation as well as the influence of the residual noise level and the gain from optimal combination of N hypotheses. For the noise-free limiting case, doubling the number of (equally good) hypotheses can yield a gain of up to 1/2 bits/sample, while doubling the accuracy of motion compensation can additionally reduce the bit-rate by up to 1 bit/sample independent of N. For realistic noise levels, it is shown that the introduction of B-frames or overlapped block motion compensation can provide larger gains than doubling motion compensation accuracy. Spatial filtering of the motion-compensated candidate signals becomes less important if more hypotheses are combined. The critical accuracy beyond which the gain due to more accurate motion compensation is small moves to larger displacement error variances with increasing noise and increasing number of hypotheses N. Hence, sub-pel accurate motion compensation becomes less important with multihypothesis MCP. The theoretical insights are confirmed by experimental results for overlapped block motion compensation, B-frames, and multiframe motion-compensated prediction with up to eight hypotheses from ten previous frames.
PLUS: a distributed shared-memory system

PLUS is a multiprocessor architecture tailored to the fast execution of a single multithreaded process; its goal is to accelerate the execution of CPU-bound applications. PLUS supports shared memory and efficient synchronization. Memory access latency is reduced by non-demand replication of pages with hardware-supported coherence between replicated pages. The architecture has been simulated in detail and the paper presents some of the key measurements that have been used to substantiate our architectural decisions. The current implementation of PLUS is also described.
Is There an Ethic to NATO

The Soviet ruling class, thwarted in its expansionist aims and beset by economic ills, sought to enjoy the fruits of Western culture without risking war, by a policy of “Finlandization” or neutralization of Europe. Phillips, writing in 1987, maintains that NATO had as great a moral duty to check this political ambition as it had to check Soviet military aggression. He suggests ways to reaffirm the rule of law and the commitment to social justice and to build such values into Western foreign policy, rather than use them as public relations tinsel.
Combined Effects of Screened Manure Solids and Crude Fiber in Rations of Lactating Cows

Abstract Effects of screened manure solids and two levels of crude fiber in rations for lactating cows were studied with 24 Holstein cows from approximately 14 days prepartum until 305 days postpartum. Neither crude fiber percent nor additions of screened manure solids significantly influenced intake of dry matter, total milk, fat-corrected-milk, or percentages of protein or solids-not-fat. Fat percentages were higher for cows fed rations with medium fiber than for those fed rations of low fiber. Rations with up to 41% of the crude fiber derived from screened manure solids maintained fat percentages as well as those without screened manure solids. No health problems or reproductive problems were related to either crude fiber or screened manure solids.
In Situ Whisker‐Reinforced AlPO4‐Modified β‐Eucryptite Glass‐Ceramic: I, Morphology and Crystallization Kinetics

A whisker-reinforced glass-ceramic composite in the Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5 system has been fabricated by a single-stage process that simultaneously forms the glass-ceramic material and whiskers of TiO2in situ. The method utilizes typical glass-ceramic processing techniques and requires precise addition of a TiO2 nucleation agent during the glass-melting operation, followed by controlled nucleation and crystallization. The maximum nucleation temperature, 740°C, was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), and the result was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the microstructures formed by nucleation/isothermal crystallization heat treatments. The apparent activation energy for crystallization of the material was determined to be 285 ± 3 kj/mol. The average aspect ratio of the TiO2 whiskers depends on temperature and time during crystallization. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the in situ composite show that eucryptite(ss) and rutile exist as two different phases; no additional phases were observed. Elemental X-ray mapping by electron microprobe indicates that these highly crystallized composites consist of modified β-eucryptite glass-ceramic matrix and acicular grains of TiO2.
Microinjection of the dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol into the MPOA impairs copulation, penile reflexes and sexual motivation in male rats

Microinjection of the dopamine antagonist cis-flupenthixol into the medial preoptic area was previously shown to impair male rat copulatory behavior. The present experiments provide further evidence of cis-flupenthixol's inhibitory effects on male sexual behavior. Following microinjections of moderate to high doses of cis-flupenthixol, males exhibited slower copulatory rates and fewer ejaculations in copula, fewer ex copula erections and penile movements, and reduced sexual motivation in an X-maze. Locomotion in the X-maze was not significantly affected. Microinjections of the inactive isomer trans-flupenthixol produced no change in any behavioral measure, indicating that cis-flupenthixol's effects were receptor mediated. We suggest that dopamine receptors in the MPOA influence copulation primarily by regulating reflexive and motivational factors, but not locomotion.
Childhood maltreatment and the persistence of smoking: a longitudinal study among adults in the US.

The current study examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment—emotional, physical, and severe physical maltreatment—and the initiation and persistence of smoking. Data were drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) Survey Waves 1 and 2. Frequency of childhood emotional, physical, and severe physical maltreatment (never, rare, intermittent, frequent) reported at Wave 1 was examined in relation to ever smoking, smoking daily, and persistent daily smoking at Waves 1 and 2. Logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals), which were then adjusted for potential confounders. Childhood emotional, physical, and severe physical maltreatment were associated with increased odds of ever smoking, smoking daily, and persistent smoking at Waves 1 and 2. The majority of these associations remained significant after adjusting for confounding variables. These results suggest a history of trauma may play a prominent role in recalcitrant cigarette smoking and suggest that the success rates of treatments for smoking cessation may be improved by integrating trauma treatment where appropriate.
Prior Environmental Contamination Increases the Risk of Acquisition of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci

Background Patients colonized with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) frequently contaminate their environment, but the environmental role of VRE transmission remains controversial. Methods During a 14-month study in 2 intensive care units, weekly environmental and twice-weekly patient surveillance cultures were obtained. VRE acquisition was defined as a positive culture result >48 h after admission. To determine risk factors for VRE acquisition, Cox proportional hazards models using time-dependent covariates for colonization pressure and antibiotic exposure were examined. Results Of 1330 intensive care unit admissions, 638 patients were at risk for acquisition, and 50 patients (8%) acquired VRE. Factors associated with VRE acquisition included average colonization pressure (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4 per 10% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-1.8), mean number of antibiotics (HR, 1.7 per additional antibiotic; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5), leukemia (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.2-7.8), a VRE-colonized prior room occupant (HR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-5.8), any VRE-colonized room occupants within the previous 2 weeks (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3-4.8), and previous positive room culture results (HR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-9.6). In separate multivariable analyses, a VRE-colonized prior room occupant (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.0-7.4), any VRE-colonized room occupants within the previous 2 weeks (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.3), and previous positive room culture results (HR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.5-12.8) remained independent predictors of VRE acquisition, adjusted for colonization pressure and antibiotic exposure. Conclusions We found that prior room contamination, whether measured via environmental cultures or prior room occupancy by VRE-colonized patients, was highly predictive of VRE acquisition. Increased attention to environmental disinfection is warranted.
Data pipelines: enabling large scale multi-protocol data transfers

Collaborating users need to move terabytes of data among their sites, often involving multiple protocols. This process is very fragile and involves considerable human involvement to deal with failures. In this work, we propose data pipelines, an automated system for transferring data among collaborating sites. It speaks multiple protocols, has sophisticated flow control and recovers automatically from network, storage system, software and hardware failures. We successfully used data pipelines to transfer three terabytes of DPOSS data from SRB mass storage server at San Diego Supercomputing Center to UniTree mass storage at NCSA. The whole process did not require any human intervention and the data pipeline recovered automatically from various network, storage system, software and hardware failures.
Volume-outcome relationships in breast cancer

A significant effect of hospital case volume on perioperative mortality has been documented for a variety of malignancies that require technically challenging operative procedures and complex perioperative management. The effect of case volume on outcome is less clear for the more common cancers, such as breast and colon cancers, that are less technically challenging and require little in the way of specialized care in the postoperative period. For these cancers perioperative mortality is minimal and one must look at other end points such as long-term survival and functional results. The literature demonstrating improved outcomes in terms of mammographical sensitivity, breast-conservation rates, specimen to tumour volume ratios in breast-conserving surgery, sentinel node biopsy success rates, and 5-year survival is reviewed.
Localization of neurovascular bundles on pelvic CT and evaluation of radiation dose to structures putatively involved in erectile dysfunction after prostate brachytherapy

Abstract Purpose To (a) locate neurovascular bundles (NVB) on pelvic CT and (b) retrospectively evaluate relationships between radiation dose to structures putatively involved in prostate brachytherapy–induced erectile dysfunction (ED) and incidence of postbrachytherapy ED. Methods and materials (a) Right/left NVB were identified on nine prostate MRIs. Structures visible on MRI and CT were cross-referenced. Cross-sectional area of each NVB was measured. (b) All patients treated with implant alone and whose treatment was planned on Variseed (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA), with follow-up of >12 months were included; n = 41. Median follow-up was 20 months. All patients were potent (± sildenafil) before implant (erection sufficient for intercourse). The right/left NVB (using results from part "a"), penile bulb, and right/left crus were outlined on postimplant CT. Volumes and doses to these structures were calculated. Results (a) On prostate MRI, NVB was consistently located where the prostate border bends away from the levator ani, at the gland's smallest radius of curvature. Average area of the circle best encompassing the NVB=0.27 cm 2 ; diameter was 0.58 cm. (b) 11 of 41 (27%) patients had ED; 30 of 41 were potent (15 with sildenafil). There was no significant difference between potent/impotent patients in isotope, age, diabetes, hypertension, follow-up, or volume of prostate, bulb, right/left NVB, or right/left crus. There was a relationship between smoking and ED ( p = 0.05). There was a relationship between bulb %D90 and ED: >10% 67% (4 of 6) vs. p = 0.03), which remained when controlling for smoking. There was no relationship between dose to left NVB and potency. There was paradoxical decreased risk of ED with right NVB %V100 >60% ( p = 0.019), and right NVB %D60 >100% ( p = 0.003). There was no relationship between dose to right/left crus and ED. Conclusions A reliable method for localizing NVB on CT is demonstrated. There is no increased risk of prostate brachytherapy–induced ED with increasing dose to crus or NVB at the doses given in this study. There is a possible dose–response relationship between dose to the bulb and risk of ED.
Testing the Validity of the Lygaeus kalmii Complex (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) in North America Using DNA Sequences

ABSTRACT Genetic relationships within the Lygaeus kalmii complex were evaluated using specimens from multiple locations throughout the United States. Genes evaluated included the 18S ribosomal RNA (nuclear) and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI, mitochondrial). The 18S rRNA sequences were 100% conserved among all Lygaeus specimens, rendering the gene ineffective for inferring phylogenetic relationships for this project. However, the COI sequences were informative, and a COI-based phylogenetic tree revealed that L. reclivatus Say and both subspecies of L. kalmii (Stal) are closely related, with all falling within the same clade. Twelve different haplotypes of the COI gene were found among the sequences within the L. kalmii angustomarginatus, L. kalmii kalmii, and L. reclivatus clade. Each haplotype differed from other haplotypes by one to six nucleotides (0.13–0.77%), falling within the range of reported intraspecific divergence. Therefore, our data validate the conspecific classification of L. kalmii angu...
Performance under Failures of MapReduce Applications

The MapReduce programming paradigm is gaining more and more popularity in recent years due to its ability in supporting easy programming, data distribution, as well as fault tolerance. Failure is an unwanted but inevitable fact that all large-scale parallel computing systems have to face with. MapReduce introduces a novel data replication and task reexecution strategy for fault tolerance. This study intends to lead a better understanding of such fault tolerance mechanisms. In particular, we build a stochastic performance model to quantify the impact of failures on MapReduce applications and to investigate its effectiveness under different computing environments. Simulations also have been carried out to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. Our results show that data replication is an effective approach even when failure rate is high, and the task migration mechanism of MapReduce works well in balancing the reliability difference among individual nodes. This work provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing large-scale MapReduce applications, especially when fault tolerance is the concern.
Asymmetric formation of coated pits on dorsal and ventral surfaces at the leading edges of motile cells and on protrusions of immobile cells

Clathrin/AP2-coated vesicles are the principal endocytic carriers originating at the plasma membrane. In the experiments reported here, we used spinning-disk confocal and lattice light-sheet microscopy to study the assembly dynamics of coated pits on the dorsal and ventral membranes of migrating U373 glioblastoma cells stably expressing AP2 tagged with enhanced green fluorescence (AP2-EGFP) and on lateral protrusions from immobile SUM159 breast carcinoma cells, gene-edited to express AP2-EGFP. On U373 cells, coated pits initiated on the dorsal membrane at the front of the lamellipodium and at the approximate boundary between the lamellipodium and lamella and continued to grow as they were swept back toward the cell body; coated pits were absent from the corresponding ventral membrane. We observed a similar dorsal/ventral asymmetry on membrane protrusions from SUM159 cells. Stationary coated pits formed and budded on the remainder of the dorsal and ventral surfaces of both types of cells. These observations support a previously proposed model that invokes net membrane deposition at the leading edge due to an imbalance between the endocytic and exocytic membrane flow at the front of a migrating cell.
Bifurcations with local gauge symmetries in the Ginzburg-Landau equations

An interesting class of physical systems are those that exhibit local gauge symmetries: internal invariances that can be implemented independently at any space-time point. Systems in which these symmetries are spontaneously broken exhibit remarkable properties such as superconductivity, and if such systems also possess spatial symmetry, pattern formation can accompany the gauge symmetry-breaking. We conduct a careful analysis of a well-known example of this phenomenon: the formation of the Abrikosov vortex lattice in the Ginzburg-Landau model of Type-II superconductors. The study of this system has a long history and our principal contribution is to put the analysis rigorously into the context of steady-state equivariant bifurcation theory by the proper implementation of a gauge-fixing procedure. This example may be typical of the way that gauge and spatial symmetries intertwine to produce spatial patterns. In this article we wish to study the bifurcation behavior in the Ginzburg-Landau equations using the methods of bifurcation theory in the presence of both spatial and local gauge symmetries. The original Ginzburg-Landau equations [6] are a model for gauge symmetry breaking in superconductivity and are formulated in terms of two unknowns: the electromagnetic vector potential A which is a mapping of R3~ R 3, and the Cooper pair wave function ~b which is a mapping of R 3 --, C. The main qualitative feature of these equations is that they are gauge, Euclidean and time-reversal invariant, and it is this feature that we use to study the existence of equilibria near a "trivial" invariant equilibrium.
Nitrile reaction in high-temperature water: Kinetics and mechanism

The reaction pathways, kinetics and mechanisms underlying the hydrolysis of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles in high-temperature water (HTW) were investigated. The reaction products were the associated amides and carboxylic acids. Autocatalytic kinetics were observed and confirmed by experiment and analysis of the physical chemistry of the HTW reaction environment. A model incorporating two autocatalytic steps captured the observed kinetics well, and the associated optimized rate constants highlighted the key differences in the reaction chemistry of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. The rate behavior of nitrile hydrolysis at these conditions has tangible consequences regarding optimal processing strategies.
A specialized learner for inferring structured cis-regulatory modules

The process of transcription is controlled by systems of transcription factors, which bind to specific patterns of binding sites in the transcriptional control regions of genes, called cis-regulatory modules (CRMs). We present an expressive and easily comprehensible CRM representation which is capable of capturing several aspects of a CRM's structure and distinguishing between DNA sequences which do or do not contain it. We also present a learning algorithm tailored for this domain, and a novel method to avoid overfitting by controlling the expressivity of the model. We are able to find statistically significant CRMs more often then a current state-of-the-art approach on the same data sets. We also show experimentally that each aspect of our expressive CRM model space makes a positive contribution to the learned models on yeast and fly data. Structural aspects are an important part of CRMs, both in terms of interpreting them biologically and learning them accurately. Source code for our algorithm is available at: http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~noto/crm
Photoconductive probe for measuring electromagnetic fields

Probes in which the usual connecting leads to the detector have been eliminated have been constructed for measuring the intensity of an electromagnetic field. The new devices are modulated reradiating or scattering antennas that consist of either a small dipole (for measuring the electric field) or a small shielded loop (for measuring the magnetic field) centre-loaded with a photocell illuminated by a chopped beam of light. The modulated scattered signal from the probe is proportional either to the component of the E-field which is parallel to the axis of the dipole, or to the component of the H-field which is perpendicular to the plane of the shielded loop. The scattered signal is received by an additional antenna or by the same antenna as is used for transmission. The received signal is amplified by a lock-in amplifier. The same principle has also been applied to the measurement of the distribution of current along an antenna of arbitrary shape. This was accomplished by sliding a small shielded-loop probe, centre-loaded with a photocell, along the antenna. A very small and constant gap was maintained between the probe and the antenna. The modulation factor of the scattered signal was determined from the measured instantaneous impedance of the photocell. Both the near-field pattern of a ?/2 dipole antenna and the distribution of current along the antenna as measured with these optical probes are in general agreement with theory. The properties of several other types of probes based on the same principle were also explored.
On making relational division comprehensible

Division is the most intellectually challenging of the basic operators of relational algebra. Although its utility is unquestioned, its presentation by many textbooks, and therefore by many instructors, leaves much to be desired. This paper examines the standard approaches used to express division in relational algebra and SQL, explains the derivation of each, and presents a coherent sequence of examples that we have used successfully to teach division to students in introductory database classes.
LITHOLOGIC COLUMN OF THE "ARKOMA" DRILLHOLE AND ITS RELATION TO THE CAJON PASS DEEP DRILLHOLE

The 1795 m "Arkoma" Federal 1-26 well, 48.5 m from the Cajon Pass Deep Drillhole (CPDDH), provides additional lithologic and structural data pertinent to that project. Basement surface was encountered 158 m deeper than in the CPDDH. Rock units correlate well between the holes; the offset persists to 1128 m. Below this depth both lithologic unit thicknesses and fault zones correlate between holes on subhorizontal projections. A combination of previously unrecognized high-angle and low-angle faults of several ages are required to explain the structures. Blind low angle faults may be regionally important.
Computational roles for dopamine in behavioural control

Neuromodulators such as dopamine have a central role in cognitive disorders. In the past decade, biological findings on dopamine function have been infused with concepts taken from computational theories of reinforcement learning. These more abstract approaches have now been applied to describe the biological algorithms at play in our brains when we form value judgements and make choices. The application of such quantitative models has opened up new fields, ripe for attack by young synthesizers and theoreticians.
Levee-Bounded Submarine Base-of-Slope Channels in the Lower Devonian Seboomook Formation, Northern Maine

The Lower Devonian Seboomook Formation and Matagamon Sandstone in the area about Grand Lake Matagamon, northern Maine, comprise a westerly prograded delta-submarine slope complex, consisting of interbedded silty mudstone, turbidite beds, pebbly mud-stone, and slump units. Two channels with fills of siltstone and fine-grained sandstone and cut into fine-grained slope sediments are described. The smaller channel is contiguous with finegrained, graded levee deposits similar in texture and composition to the material cut by the channels. The assemblage of channels, abundant slumps in the extra-channel deposits, and other structures suggest gravity-induced deposition in a lower slope to base-of-slope environment. The size of the channels, meandering profile of the larger channel, and the sedimentary structures and texture of the fills indicate deposition on a submarine fan or rise. The data also indicate that most finegrained sediment outside the channels was transported downslope by partially channelized turbidity currents and overbank flows, much as materials are being deposited on modern subsea fans and continental rises.
IMAGES, WORDS, AND THOUGHTS

Imagery is discussed as a component of an "allusionary base"-the thinking that enters into consciousness or subconsciousness as a topic is being read or discussed. Imagery in language is found in figures of speech, in root meanings of words, and in general usage of which a user is unaware. A loss in general literacy occurs as the potential for imagery decreases through lack of understanding of the root meanings of words. When a consideration is made of the various linguistic contributions to the English language, ignorance of these contributions deprives one of the rich stores of imagery that contribute to the English vocabulary.
Tachyonium, an action-at-a-distance model

A model is presented for a tachyon and a bradyon bound in circular orbits. They are taken to be charged point particles interacting through action-at-a-distance retarded potentials without radiation reaction. The superluminal Lorentz transformation used conforms to the relativity principle in that it retains the constancy of the speed of light, the forms of Maxwell’s equations and the Lorentz force equation, and requires electric charges to retain their electric character upon transformation from superluminal to subluminal frames. Interactions between a tachyon and a bradyon are restricted to regions within twointeraction cones. Backward cones are related to retarded potentials and forward cones to advanced potentials; this should be taken into account in resolving causal paradoxes. The tachyonium atom consisting of a tachyon-bradyon pair interacting through retarded potentials has discrete values of total energy and angular momentum for a given mass ratio; it is shown that this discreteness does not occur for half-retarded-half-advanced potentials. Values for conserved quantities and other properties are presented. A model that might explain many of the features of quasars is suggested.
Tissue expansion in head and neck burn reconstruction.

Tissue expansion is a versatile addition to the armamentarium of the reconstructive burn surgeon. It has proven particularly useful in the forgiving tissues of the head and neck, providing an alternative to traditional skin grafting and flaps and often yielding superior aesthetic results. This article addresses indications and techniques for tissue expansion in the head and neck burn patient.
Europe 25 Years after the End of the Cold War - Coming Together or Drifting Apart?

This paper explains why there was a stronger funding retreat behind national or “home” borders in Western Europe than in Eastern Europe in the 2008-9 phase of the Global Financial Crisis. I argue that high levels of foreign bank ownership through subsidiaries in Eastern Europe limited the extent to which foreign banks there could or wanted to repatriate capital and liquidity to their home markets in Western Europe. Among West European states, however, where foreign bank ownership levels were considerably lower than in Eastern Europe, banks operating in foreign markets had considerably more leeway with respect to how they deployed their resources in the crisis. Because of home political and supervisory pressure, therefore, Western banks were more likely to “cut and run” from foreign Western markets than Eastern ones. This finding is at odds with the theorized effects of foreign bank ownership. While many scholars and states had concluded that foreign bank ownership would necessarily bring vulnerability in a crisis, this paper finds that because funding through bank branches and cross-border lending can more easily reverse in a crisis, states can use subsidiaries as a means of retaining control over foreign financial institutions.
Flight-Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations

The results of three piloted simulations investigating flight-deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) are presented. Commercial transport pilots were given taxi clearances with time and speed components on the primary flight display and were required to taxi to the departing runway or intermediate intersections. Results show that when pilots were provided with speed-only taxi clearances, pilots either had poor required time of arrival (RTA) conformance with acceptable estimates of attentional distribution and safety, or had good RTA conformance with unacceptable attentional distribution and safety estimates. A flight-deck error-nulling algorithm/display allowed pilots to conform accurately with taxi RTA clearances while maintaining safety. Results are discussed in terms of pilot multitasking in the busy airport surface operations environment.
An identity-based motivational model of the effects of perceived discrimination on health-related behaviors:

Perceived discrimination is associated with increased engagement in unhealthy behaviors. We propose an identity-based pathway to explain this link. Drawing on an identity-based motivation model of ...
Ovarian Activity in Captive Eld's Deer (Cervus eldi thamin)

Urinary pregnanediol-3α-glucuronide was used to track ovarian activity in 16 Eld's deer ( Cervus eldi thamin ) from 23 December 1991 to 10 December 1992. All females exhibited a long period of ovarian activity (i.e., short anestrus); mean duration of the reproductive season was 277.9 ± 9.7 days (range, 225–342 days), during which females averaged 13.8 ± 0.5 estrous cycles (range 10–17). Although our study was conducted on captive females in North America, it suggested that Eld's deer were capable of prolonged ovarian activity. We contend that the lack of seasonality in ovarian activity is predictable based on environmental conditions in the native habitat of Eld's deer and their strategy of hiding young. Absence of reproductive seasonality may convey a selective advantage to female Eld's deer.
Enhanced Interdiffusion Effects in Compound Semiconductors

This paper reviews the principal processes involved in the enhanced interdiffusion of elements across interfaces between two III-V compound semiconductors. Implantation enhanced interdiffusion effects in GaAs-Ga1-xAlxAs are compared for single Quantum Well structures and Superlattice structures. Measurements indicate a marked difference in the annealing and enhanced interdiffusion kinetics between these 2 types of structures.
Biologic Response and Adverse Events To Stimate In Patients With Von Willebrand Disease

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric glycoprotein secreted from platelet α-granules and Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. VWF mediates the initial adhesion of platelets at sites of vascular injury and binds to and stabilizes blood coagulation factor VIII in the circulation to protect it from inactivation and clearance. von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder and results from the deficiency or dysfunction of VWF leading to mucocutaneous bleeding, including epistaxis, menorrhagia, and excessive bleeding after trauma or surgery. Bleeding in patients with VWD is treated with infusion of plasma-derived VWF containing FVIII concentrates or 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP, desmopression). DDAVP is an analog of vasopressin antidiuretic hormone which can stimulate the exocytosis of VWF from storage sites and increase VWF and FVIII levels. DDAVP can be administrated by intravenous and intranasal routes. There are several reports of the safety and efficacy of intravenous DDAVP, but few with concentrated intranasal DDAVP (Stimate®). Here we report on the efficacy and safety of Stimate® in patients with VWD Methods Hospital records for 72 patients with VWD who received Stimate® from 1998 to 2012 were reviewed. The primary endpoint was the patients’ biological response to Stimate®, defined as at least a 3 fold increase compared to baseline of both ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo), factor VIII procoagulant activity (FVIII:C), or both VWF:RCo and FVIII:C are over 100% after Stimate®. Individuals not meeting the response criteria were deemed to be nonresponse. The adverse events were analyzed between different VWD types, response, age, gender, and race. Result Of those 72 VWD patients, 45 have type 1 (62%), 7 have type 2 (10%), and in 20 cases the subtype was unclear (28%). Responsive to Stimate® was observed in 43 (95.6%) of type 1, 4 (57.1%) of type 2, and 19 (95%) in which the diagnosis was unclear. In total, 16 patients (22.2%) had adverse events: 1 – allegoric response, 8 - mild headache, 4 - mild hyponatremia, and 4 - blood pressure (BP) reduced more than 20 mmHg. Conclusion Patients with VWD 1 have higher response rates to Stimate® than patients with VWD 2 in our test. The Stimate® is effective and safe for treatment of VWD. Disclosures: Valentino: Baxter, Bayer, Biogen Idec, GTC Biotherapeutics, Inspiration Biopharmaceuticals, Novo Nordisk: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
Ising-nematic order in the bilinear-biquadratic model for the iron pnictides

Motivated by the recent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements in the iron pnictides which show a strong anisotropy of spin excitations even above the magnetic transition temperature ${T}_{N}$, we study the spin dynamics within the frustrated Heisenberg model with biquadratic spin-spin exchange interactions. Using the Dyson-Maleev (DM) representation, which proves appropriate for all temperature regimes, we find that the spin-spin dynamical structure factors are in excellent agreement with experiment, exhibiting breaking of the ${C}_{4}$ symmetry even into the paramagnetic region ${T}_{N}lTl{T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, which we refer to as the Ising-nematic phase. In addition to the Heisenberg spin interaction, we include the biquadratic coupling $\ensuremath{-}K{({\mathbf{S}}_{i}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathbf{S}}_{j})}^{2}$ and study its effect on the dynamical temperature range ${T}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{N}$ of the Ising-nematic phase. We find that this range reduces dramatically when even small values of the interlayer exchange ${J}_{c}$ and biquadratic coupling $K$ are included. To supplement our analysis, we benchmark the results obtained using full decoupling in the DM method against those from different nonlinear spin-wave theories, including the recently developed generalized spin-wave theory (GSWT), and find good qualitative agreement among the different theoretical approaches as well as experiment for both the spin-wave dispersions and the dynamical structure factors.
Levels of the circulating cell adhesion molecule E-selectin and disease progression in HIV infection

The levels of soluble form of E-Selectin (sEs), or endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, were measured in 96 sera derived from 72 HIV-infected patients at different stages of the disease, 60 healthy blood donors, and 50 HIV-negative patients with infections, using a quantitative ELISA. Levels of sEs in HIV-infected individuals without AIDS, according to the 1993 classification system of the Centers for Disease Control, were higher than normal (mean +/- SEM 48 +/- 4 versus 35 +/- 3 ng/ml, p = 0.003). Patients with established AIDS, who were afebrile and had no evidence of acute concurrent infection, had even higher sEs serum levels (70 +/- 9 ng/ml, p = 0.009, compared to those without AIDS). A significant increase in clinical category disease progression was present. Individual concentrations of sEs correlated directly with levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (p < 0.00001) and IL-2 receptor (p = 0.001), but not with CD4+ T-cell counts. Zidovudine treatment was not associated with changes in sEs serum levels. Elevated sEs levels were also found in HIV-seronegative patients with other bacterial and protozoal infections. Since sEs is a biologically active molecule, further studies should investigate the pathogenetic significance of circulating sEs in HIV-related disease progression, and assess the prognostic value of sEs determination for these patients.
Reconstruction of midfacial defects after surgical resection of malignancies

Midfacial and orbital defects after ablative oncologic surgery are difficult problems for the reconstructive surgeon. Our goal is to address the devastating functional and aesthetic consequences of these extirpations and to improve the quality of life for this unfortunate group of patients. Partial maxillectomy defects are best treated by skin grafting the residual cavity and reconstructing the maxillary defect by prosthetic means. Local tissues can be used when the defects are small and the bone loss is not extensive. For massive midfacial defects with insufficient bony support for prosthetic reconstruction, osseocutaneous free flaps have proved useful to restore contour and the necessary structural support.
Evaluating data driven practices in sales environments: user engagement and sales results

Data visualization is a key tool to drive both end user adoption and change management activities within data initiatives and especially so in sales environments. Data is as much a part of the prob...
Fluorescence Yield in Photosynthetic Systems and Its Relation to Electron Transport

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a historical background of fluorescence in relation to the development of the two-pigment-system concept of photosynthesis. It discusses the significance of fluorescence measurements in the study of photosynthesis. The indication that the two-pigment-system phenomenon is manifested in fluorescence as well as photosynthesis was reported in an experiment that was similar in design to those that revealed enhancement of photosynthesis. The experiment compared fluorescence obtained with 670 mμ, excitation, fluorescence obtained with 700 mμ excitation, and fluorescence obtained with simultaneous excitation with 670 mμ and 700 mμ light. The results showed a de-enhancement of fluorescence, that is, the intensity of fluorescence excited by simultaneous irradiation with both beams was less than the sum of the fluorescence intensities that were excited by the individual beams. The action spectrum for the effect of long-wavelength light in decreasing the fluorescence yield of leaves was determined by alternate irradiation of the sample with red light and with a monochromatic beam in the far-red region
Calibration of a head-mounted projective display for augmented reality systems

In augmented reality (AR) application, registering a virtual object with its real counterpart accurately and comfortably is one of the basic and challenging issues in the sense that the size, depth, geometry, as well as physical attributes of the virtual objects have to be rendered precisely relative to a physical reference, which is well-known as the calibration or registration problem. This paper presents a systematic calibration process to address static registration issue in a custom-designed augmented reality system, which is based upon the recent advancement of head-mounted projective display (HMPD) technology. Following a concise review of the HMPD concept and system configuration, we present in detail a computational model for the system calibration, describe the calibration procedures to obtain the estimations of the unknown transformations, and include the calibration results, evaluation experiments and results.