cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response by Jonathan Payne for the presentation of the 2015 Schuchert Award of the Paleontological Society

Thank you, Andy, for your kind words. And thank you to the Paleontological Society for choosing to recognize my research with this award. It is an honor to be named alongside so many of the people who have inspired, instructed, and befriended me over the past two decades. Jonathan Payne I was introduced to paleontology by a geochemist. When I was six, Rich April of Colgate University took his two older kids, my brother, and me out to a quarry in Devonian rocks from the Hamilton Group to look for trilobites. As most of you have no doubt already guessed, we found many more brachiopods than trilobites. But Rich found one beautiful specimen of Dipleura dekayi (Green, 1832) and gave it to me because I was the only kid over five and therefore least likely to break it. It took a few more years, but I eventually found one on my own, a more complete and slightly larger individual. I found it not while fossil hunting, but rather, in the course of throwing rocks into a stream with a friend. That specimen is in my office today. Does this abbreviated prehistory of a paleontologist explain anything that …
JAK-STAT signaling pathway inhibition: a role for treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis.

Background Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and dermatomyositis (DM) are inflammatory autoimmune diseases that manifest primarily in the skin but can be linked to systemic complications. Although there is an in-depth understanding of the clinical presentation of these two diseases, much less is known regarding the pathophysiology. This has limited the effective treatment options for patients. Objective An understanding of the pathogenesis of each disease in greater detail will lead to newer targeted medications with less morbidity. This review article endeavors to substantiate the use of new treatments which target the JAK-STAT pathway while elaborating on the immunopathology as well. Methods PubMed was searched for relevant review articles, case reports, case series reports, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), basic science articles. Appropriate key terms and MeSH terms were utilized in the search. Clinicaltrials.gov was used to find relevant and current clinical trials being conducted in DLE and DM patients. Results A review of the literature supports the proposal that though there are likely many components and pathways involved in the destruction of keratinocytes, the Th1 cell immune response and specifically the JAK-STAT signaling pathway is common to both DLE and DM. Conclusion Although further study is needed to determine the efficacy and benefits of JAK inhibitors over conventional therapy, these medications should be considered in refractory cases.
Residual-stress measurements on multi-pass weldments of stainless-steel piping

This paper presents measurements of the bulk residual stresses in 100-mm (4-in.) and 250-mm (10-in.) diam Schedule 80 piping weldments using strain-relief techniques. Both laboratory-welded specimens and field-welded specimens from reactors in service were studied. Axial bulk residualstress distributions were obtained at 45-deg intervals around the circumference. At each azimuthal position, the residual stresses were measured at seven axial positions: on the weld center line and 13, 20 and 25 mm to either side of the weld center line, on both the inside and outside surface. The specimens were parted out using a wire-feed electric-discharge machine, and the resulting strain relief was measured with electrical-resistance strain gages (120-deg rosettes). The bulk residual stresses obtained on the inside surface of the 100-mm weldments exhibit an oscillatory distribution with peak values above 275 MPa (40 ksi) and stress gradients normal to the weld on the order of 35 MPa/mm (127 ksi/in.).
Roots of Unity in ℤ/mℤ

In this chapter we develop the information needed to prove Rabin’s theorem. We first count the number of nth roots of 1 or of −1 modulo m for any n and m. This allows us to count, for any odd composite number m, the number of false witnesses for m—that is, the number of numbers a modulo m such that m is a strong a-pseudoprime. These techniques yield a proof of Rabin’s theorem. We conclude the chapter with some observations about designing RSA codes related to strong a-pseudoprime testing.
Hourly wind profiler observations of the jet stream - Wind shear and pilot reports of turbulence

Hourly wind profiler observations of the jet stream are reported on the basis of over 400 hr of wind and temperature data taken during two prolonged jet stream passages over western and central Pennsylvania during mid-November 1986 and mid-January 1987. The mean wind speed profile with error bars for the 79 hr that the Crown radar was determined to be 'under' the jet stream is shown. A mean speed of 83 m/s for the period was found. A plot of wind shear for the hours of interest is given. Typically, the shear was at a maximum from 3 to 4 km below the level of maximum wind. Thus, an aircraft would have to fly through potentially rough air to reach the fuel savings and relative smoothness of flight at the jet stream level. A good correlation between pilot reports of turbulence and wind shear was found.
The role of attachment to God and spiritual self-awareness in predicting evangelical Christians’ appraisals of suffering

The present study examined how attachment to God and spiritual self-awareness are related to evangelical Christians’ appraisals of suffering. Specifically, we were interested in whether attachment ...
Suprachiasmatic function in a circadian period mutant: Duper alters light-induced activation of vasoactive intestinal peptide cells and PERIOD1 immunostaining.

Mammalian circadian rhythms are entrained by photic stimuli that are relayed by retinal projections to the core of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Neuronal activation, as demonstrated by expression of the immediate early gene c-fos, leads to transcription of the core clock gene per1. The duper mutation in hamsters shortens circadian period and amplifies light-induced phase shifts. We performed two experiments to compare the number of c-FOS immunoreactive (ir) and PER1-ir cells, and the intensity of staining, in the SCN of wild-type (WT) and duper hamsters at various intervals after presentation of a 15-min light pulse in the early subjective night. Light-induced c-FOS-ir within 1 hr in the dorsocaudal SCN of duper, but not WT hamsters. In cells that express vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), which plays a critical role in synchronization of SCN cellular oscillators, light-induced c-FOS-ir was greater in duper than WT hamsters. After the light pulse, PER1-ir cells were found in more medial portions of the SCN than FOS-ir, and appeared with a longer latency and over a longer time course, in VIP cells of duper than wild-type hamsters. Our results indicate that the duper allele alters SCN function in ways that may contribute to changes in free running period and phase resetting.
Factors contributing to hypotension during hemodialysis

Background The characteristics of patients receiving chronic hemodialysis in the United States has continuously changed over the past three decades. Today the patients are older, and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy has markedly increased. Hypotension during hemodialysis is the most common and bothersome complication of chronic hemodialysis. The demographics of those patients who experience hypotension during dialysis has not been previously identified. Methods The change in systolic pressure during hemodialysis was reviewed for ten consecutive hemodialysis treatments in 134 patients in a single hospital-based unit. For the past four years, those patients who have had symptoms during their hypotensive episodes associated with hemodialysis have been under continuous therapy with midodrine. Results In the present study, the overall incidence of patients experiencing decreases of, at least, 40 mmHg systolic pressure, in over 50% of their treatments, is 63%. The incidence of patients having symptoms from hypotension during hemodialysis is 25%. Analysis of the dialysis population shows that the age of the patients is a primary factor leading to hypotension. Diabetic nephropathy is identified as a second risk factor for hypotension. However, the incidence in the asymptomatic group versus the symptomatic group was not statistically significant. In the group of patients (25%) who have hypotension during hemodialysis with clinical symptoms, all had hypertension requiring therapy prior to initiating hemodialysis. Hypertension may be a predisposing factor to the development of hypotension. Females tended to have more hypotension during dialysis than males. Conclusions As a result of the increasing age of patients receiving hemodialysis and the increasing incidence of diabetic nephropathy, hypotension will become an even greater problem in the future.
Self-efficacy and expectancy-value influences on university students' selection of scientific majors and careers

The study was an investigation of the influences of mathematics achievement, mathematics self-efficacy, and life-styles orientation on university students' career choices. The first group of 249 subjects rated 83 occupations representing Holland's six general occupational themes for their compatibility with meeting leisure and relationship needs both inside and outside the job. The second group of 241 subjects identified the college major and occupation they were considering most and completed the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale (MSE) (Betz & Hackett, 1982) and the Life-styles Inventory Relationship scale (LSI) (Epperson, Lucas, & Zytowski, 1983). They rated the extent of consideration they give to entering 83 occupations representing Holland's six themes. American College Tests Mathematics (ACT-Math) scores were accessed for 166 of these subjects. Results of the first study confirmed that the three genderstereotyped Holland themes of particular interest received relationshipcompatibility ratings in descending order: Social, Investigative, and Realistic. For the second study, it was hypothesized that gender differences in ACT-Math, MSE, and LSI-Relationship would moderate gender differences in career choices. The results of hierarchical regression analyses indicated that only ACT-Math and MSE mediated gender differences in science-relatedness of major. All three mediated differences in consideration of Realistic occupations, only MSE mediated differences in consideration of Investigative occupations, and ACT-Math and LSIRelationship mediated differences in consideration of Social
Age-Related Differences in the Predictability of Fast Gait Speed with Absolute and Rapid Squat Strength

Gait speed is now recognized as an important clinical tool in the older adult population. However, fast gait speed appears to better reflect lower-extremity muscle performance and declines more rapidly in advanced age than comfortable gait speed. We examined the ability of leg lean mass and absolute and rapid strength characteristics to predict fast gait speed in younger versus older adults. Twenty-four younger (12 men, 12 women; age = 22 ± 3 years) and 22 older (11 men, 11 women; age = 72 ± 6 years) adults participated in the study. Fast gait speed was assessed at 10- and 400-m distances. Leg lean mass was quantified with dual X-ray absorptiometry. Isometric squat peak torque and the rate of torque development at 200 ms (RTD200) were tested with a 120° knee joint angle. Statistical analyses included independent samples t tests, partial correlations, and stepwise regression. Large differences between age groups were observed for peak torque, RTD200, and gait speed (P ≤ 0.006, d ≥ 0.79), whereas the difference in leg lean mass was small (P = 0.246, d = 0.35). In older adults only, the partial correlation for 400-m speed versus RTD200 was significant (r = 0.463, P = 0.040). Stepwise regression revealed that peak torque was a significant predictor of 10-m (R2 = 0.257, P = 0.016) and 400-m (R2 = 0.239, P = 0.021) gait speed in older adults. As adults age, lower-extremity, multi-joint muscle strength becomes increasingly important in regulating fast gait speed, whereas lean mass is not predictive.
Models and hierarchical methodologies for evaluating solar energy availability under different sky conditions toward enhancing concentrating solar collectors use: Texas as a case study

The precise estimation of solar radiation data is substantial in the long-term evaluation for the techno-economic performance of solar energy conversion systems (e.g., concentrated solar thermal collectors and photovoltaic plants) for each site around the world, particularly, direct normal irradiance which is utilized commonly in designing solar concentrated collectors. However, the lack of direct normal irradiance data comparing to global and diffuse horizontal irradiance data and the high cost of measurement equipment represent significant challenges for exploiting and managing solar energy. Consequently, this study was performed to develop two hierarchical methodologies by using various models, empirical correlations and regression equations to estimate hourly solar irradiance data for various worldwide locations (using new correlation coefficients) and different sky conditions (using cloud cover range). Additionally, the preliminary assessment for the potential of solar energy in the selected region was carried out by developing a comprehensive analysis for the solar irradiance data and the clearness index to make a proper decision for the capability of utilizing solar energy technologies. A case study for the San Antonio region in Texas was selected to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed methodologies for estimating hourly direct normal irradiance and monthly average hourly direct normal irradiance data at this region. The estimated data show a good accuracy comparing with measured solar data by using locally adjusted coefficients and different statistical indicators. Furthermore, the obtained results show that the selected region is unequivocally amenable to harnessing solar energy as the prime source of energy by utilizing concentrating and non-concentrating solar energy systems.
Few Nucleon Experiments in the Hadronic Weak Interaction

The Hadronic Weak Interaction (HWI) is of great interest as it involves the mixing between weak and strong interaction between quarks. To describe the HWI, meson exchange and effective field theories are utilized. Theoretical and experimental study has remained steadfast since the 1980s, yet the HWI is not constrained. We present an introduction to the theory and recent results from few-body experiments needed to further constrain the HWI.
A DISASTER IN TRANSIT: A CASE OF IMPENDING PARDOXICAL EMBOLUS

Although acute pulmonary embolism is a common diagnosis, detecting a thrombus in transit across a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with impending paradoxical embolism is very rare. A 50-year-old healthy female with recent left tibial fracture presented with complaints of worsening dyspnea. She was
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Acceptability of Urine and Cervico-Vaginal Sample Self-Collection for HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening

Background: We compared women's acceptability of urine and cervico-vaginal sample self-collection for high-risk (oncogenic) human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing and assessed whether acceptability v...
Pediatric nail disorders: a review.

Purpose of review Nail disorders represent an uncommon subset of complaints seen in pediatric dermatology. There is a wide array of disorders that can affect the nail unit in children, including infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, congenital, and traumatic processes. In order to enhance familiarity with pediatric nail conditions, we review the background and treatment of the more common entities seen in pediatric onychology, including onychomycosis, onychomadesis, nail psoriasis, trachyonychia, longitudinal melanonychia, onychophagia, and onychocryptosis. Recent findings Nail involvement in pediatric patients with psoriasis may indicate increased risk for both overall disease severity and the development psoriatic arthritis. In the evaluation of longitudinal melanonychia, the clinical findings that raise concern for subungual melanoma in adults are often found in benign nail unit nevi in children. In the systemic treatment of pediatric onychomycosis, new data raises the possibility that laboratory monitoring may be approached differently. In the approach to onychophagia, emerging pharmacotherapies include N-acetylcysteine. Summary Most nail disorders in pediatric patients have an overall favorable prognosis. However, nail abnormalities can lead to patient and parental anxiety, decreased quality of life, pain, and functional impairment. Clinicians should be aware of these more common diverse entities in order to identify them and apply state of the art management for these issues. Additionally, the reader will learn factors related to these nail disorders, which may require systemic work-up and/or specialist referral.
Millennials and Reduced Car Ownership: Evidence from Recent Transport Surveys

This study examines the likelihood millennials are to own a car and the factors that have driven a reduction in car consumption. Based on a travel decision survey performed in 2015 in San Francisco, no significant evidence supports the claim that millennials are different from prior generations in terms of car ownership. Individuals with higher incomes and those that preferred more access and convenience were more likely to own a vehicle.
Isobaric Tag‐Based Protein Profiling across Eight Human Cell Lines Using High‐Field Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Real‐Time Database Searching

A vast number of human cell lines are available for cell culture model-based studies, and as such the potential exists for discrepancies in findings due to cell line selection. To investigate this concept, the authors determine the relative protein abundance profiles of a panel of eight diverse, but commonly studied human cell lines. This panel includes HAP1, HEK293T, HeLa, HepG2, Jurkat, Panc1, SH-SY5Y, and SVGp12. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow designed to enhance quantitative accuracy while maintaining analytical depth is used. To this end, this strategy leverages TMTpro16-based sample multiplexing, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry, and real-time database searching. The data show that the differences in the relative protein abundance profiles reflect cell line diversity. The authors also determine several hundred proteins to be highly enriched for a given cell line, and perform gene ontology and pathway analysis on these cell line-enriched proteins. An R Shiny application is designed to query protein abundance profiles and retrieve proteins with similar patterns. The workflows used herein can be applied to additional cell lines to aid cell line selection for addressing a given scientific inquiry or for improving an experimental design.
Bacterial sexually transmitted infection testing and diagnoses among men who have sex with men and report prescription opioid misuse--American Men's Internet Survey, 2017-2018.

Abstract Purpose Prescription opioid misuse is associated with behaviors which increase bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STD) risk among men who have sex with men (MSM). Annual syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia screening is recommended for sexually active MSM at anatomical sites of contact, regardless of condom use. We describe the prevalence of self-reported bacterial STD testing and diagnoses in the past 12 months among sexually active MSM who report prescription opioid misuse. Methods We used data from the 2017 and 2018 American Men's Internet Survey to examine the prevalence of self-reported bacterial STD testing and diagnoses in the past 12 months. We calculated unadjusted prevalence ratios, adjusted prevalence ratios (APR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to compare bacterial STD testing prevalence across demographic, clinical, and behavioral factors. Results Of 932 sexually active MSM who reported prescription opioid misuse, 433 (46.5%) self-reported bacterial STD testing in the past 12 months. Of those who reported being tested, 131 (30.2%) self-reported ≥ 1 bacterial STD. Approximately 50% of respondents who reported condomless anal sex (CAS), casual sex, or exchange sex reported bacterial STD testing in past 12 months. Factors associated with bacterial STD testing among MSM who misused prescription opioids included visiting a healthcare provider in the past 12 months (APR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.09–2.67), ever disclosing same-sex behavior to a healthcare provider (APR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.27–2.50), and CAS in the past 12 months (APR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.10–2.04). Conclusions Prevalence of self-reported bacterial STD testing in this sample was low and one-third of tested MSM reported ≥ 1 bacterial STD in the past 12 months. Innovative approaches to identify MSM who misuse prescription opioids and expand bacterial STD testing in this population are needed.
Exploring Japanese Fourth Graders' Motivation to Read: A Mixed-Method Study.

This study employed the mixed method explanatory sequential design to investigate Japanese fourth grade students’ reading motivation. A total of 102 students first completed the Motivation for Read...
Modeling Long-Term Intentions and Narratives in Autonomous Agents

Across various fields it is argued that the self in part consists of an autobiographical self-narrative and that the self-narrative has an impact on agential behavior. Similarly, within action theo...
Interactive Computer Graphics for Simulation Displays

Interactive computer graphics were discussed within the context of recent research trends which represents a consolidation of simulation and learning technologies. Research that has utilized graphics for training was described and discussed in an attempt to assess the usefulness of the technology across a wide variety of applications.
Improving the Research Climate in Social Work Curricula: Clarifying Learning Expectations Across BSW and MSW Research Courses

Abstract Research courses are associated with performance anxiety and educational insecurity for many social work students. This paper makes the case that student anxiety associated with research courses is rooted in the history of the social work profession, and this history sheds light on the present day climate of research in social work education. The authors suggest that improvement to the research climate in social work education requires an “institutional” response. To that end, this paper describes a committee process that resulted in changes to one school's curriculum policy by revamping student learning objectives for a sequence of five research courses that spanned BSW and MSW programs. The committee produced a continuum of student learning expectations based on Bloom's taxonomy, which represents a logical progression of knowledge and skill competencies as students advance through their course work.
Agricultural Biotechnology - An Opportunity to Feed a World of Ten Billion

The latest United Nations population projection predict that the human population will expand from roughly 7.5 billion to between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by mid-century. This presents an acute need to increase agricultural productivity quickly and to do so without unduly damaging the many other kinds of organisms that share our planet. The advances of genetic engineering and genetic modification hold the promise of making it possible for us to grow more food on the same amount of land using less water, energy, and chemicals: critically important objectives if we are to live sustainably within planetary constraints. At the same time, these advances have evoked an almost unprecedented level of societal controversy quite specifically in the realm of food production, resulting in the proliferation of regulatory and legal issues that threaten to block their use in achieving a more sustainable existence for humanity on planet Earth. If modern science is to contribute to the agricultural productivity increase required in coming decades as the climate warms and the human population continues to grow, it is imperative to get beyond the cultural and political biases against molecular crop modification, acknowledge the safety record of GM crops, and ease the regulatory barriers to their development and deployment.
Association of co-morbidities with prescribing patterns and cost savings: olanzapine versus risperidone for schizophrenia.

Background Olanzapine and risperidone are two commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia. Prior studies have shown inconsistent results in terms of advantage in cost saving in prescribing these agents. Our preliminary analysis showed that a small percentage of intensive healthcare utilizers had substantial impact on healthcare costs. This study analysed the cost effects of olanzapine and risperidone among those who had intensive utilisation of medical care prior to drug initiation, and the relationship between the choice of the two drugs and patients’ co-morbid condition.
User eye motion with a handheld personal digital assistant

The limits of personal digital assistants (PDAs) encourage information crowding and challenge users' searching skills. Findings are reported from a study of eye movement data from nine users tasked with searching for information on graphical user interface screens, Web pages, and similar screen images. Images varied in information density, color highlighting, and sequence of presentation.
Reforming the Electoral Reforms

In 1980, more than a dozen candidates in 37 primaries spent more than $100 million campaigning for the privilege of being nominated for the Presidency, a situation which will likely be repeated in this Presidential election cycle. The experience has produced, among politicians and voters, the growing conviction that we must change the manner in which we choose our Presidential candidates. In a world of rapid change, we can no longer afford an electoral system that tends to hobble the governmental decision-making process for months. This not only harms us at home, but concerns and alarms our friends and allies. Presidential candidates are currently nominated in the quadrennial rite of the national party conventions, which are preceded by months of state conventions, primaries and caucuses in which delegates to the national conventions are chosen. The process suffers from a number of problems. First, it takes too long. The state primaries and caucuses stretch from January to June of the election year. A successful campaign requires many months of preparation before the first primary to organize supporters and raise money. The successes of George McGovern in 1972 and Jimmy Carter in 1976 have shown the value of early grass-roots organization in primary and caucus states. Senator McGovern announced his candidacy in January 1971, 18 months before the Democratic convention, and President Carter announced his candidacy in December 1974, 19 months before the convention. And, this election cycle has so far proved no different. Both, in fact had spent many months testing the political waters before making their formal announcements. In addition, the Federal election law of 1974 gives a financial incentive to an aspiring candidate to begin his campaign early. The law requires a candidate, in order to qualify for public financing, to raise $5,000 in at least 20 states through contributions of $250 or less. The upshot is that the race for the nomination has become at least an 18to 24-month endurance test which provides an advantage to nonincumbent candidates who can devote a substantial amount of time to campaigning and forces incumbents also to devote substantial time and effort to their re-election despite the already overwhelming demands on
Reconfigurable embedded media processors

The rapid proliferation of embedded multimedia applications necessitates efficient implementations which satisfy the computing demands of the various media processing algorithms. Several hardware and software solutions for media processing have appeared in the recent literature. The complexity, variety of techniques and tools associated with multimedia processing points to the opportunities for reconfigurable computing devices. These devices will be able to adapt the underlying hardware dynamically in response to changes in the input data or processing environment. In order to understand the static and dynamic nature of media processing techniques, there is a need to first perform a detailed complexity analysis on the set of candidate algorithms that encompass multimedia processing. This in turn will facilitate the design of a reconfigurable embedded hardware system. In this paper, we present a summary of the various implementation alternatives for media processing followed by the proposed approach for designing reconfigurable processors. We have chosen the latest multimedia standard namely, MPEG 4 as an example to demonstrate the potential for reconfigurability.
Activated peroxide bleaching of regenerated bamboo fiber using a butyrolactam-based cationic bleach activator

Regenerated bamboo fibers are potentially a valuable source of renewable fibers for use in a wide variety of applications. As with almost all natural fibers, inherent yellowness must be reduced or eliminated in order for the fibers to be used effectively in processes such as dyeing. Oxidative bleaching in the form of hot alkaline hydrogen peroxide is the most common method for bleaching cellulosic fibers. However, significant fiber damage results, especially in the case of regenerated bamboo. Recently, more benign oxidative bleaching methods have been developed using so-called bleach activators. Reported is an effective bleaching method using a novel bleach activator, N-[4-(triethylammoniomethyl)benzoyl]butyrolactam chloride (TBBC). The ratio of TBBC to hydrogen peroxide and pH were found to be critical to achieving effective bleaching at low temperature. Using equimolar amounts of TBBC and hydrogen peroxide at pH 7 and 50 °C, comparable whiteness and less fiber damage compared with conventional peroxide bleaching was obtained. However, at pH 11.5, TBBC had no effect on whiteness.
Phase-slips in the flow of superfluid 4He through a submicron orifice

Abstract We have constructed a 6 Hz Helmholtz oscillator to study phase-slip phenomena in superfluid 4He. This method was pioneered by Zimmermann (1–2) and by Avenel and Varoquaux (3–6). A superconducting displacement transducer employing a D.C. SQUID and capable of resolving a displacement of 2 x 10−13 m in one second is used. We report preliminary flow studies at 0.3K using a slit with cross-sectional dimensions of 0.4μ × 4.6μ and 0.08μ length. We detect sudden dissipation events, the smallest being consistent with phase-slips of 2π .
NEUTROPHIL CHEMOTACTIC FACTORS IN SYNOVIAL FLUIDS OF PATIENTS WITH LYME DISEASE

We examined synovial fluid samples from 14 patients with Lyme arthritis for the presence of neutrophil chemotactic factors. Thirteen of the synovial fluids stimulated chemotaxis of normal human neutrophils. The chemotactic activity was heat-sensitive and was not inhibited by antibody to C5a or antibody to interleukin-8, or by a competitive inhibitor of the chemotactic peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe. A culture supernatant of Borrelia burgdorferi also contained neutrophil chemoattractants. Chromatography demonstrated that the chemoattractants in the synovial fluid samples were different from those in the B burgdorferi culture supernatant. One of the major chemotactic factors in Lyme disease synovial fluid had a calculated molecular weight of 13,900. We conclude that a novel, host-derived chemoattractant is present in the synovial fluid of patients with Lyme disease.
Completion of the intron-exon structure of the gene for human type II procollagen (COL2A1): variations in the nucleotide sequences of the alleles from three chromosomes.

Abstract A new procedure for preparing cosmid libraries was used to isolate three alleles for the human gene for type II procollagen (COL2A1). Over 20,000 bp of one allele were completely sequenced and over 10,000 bp of the two other alleles were sequenced. The data located and defined 26 exons and introns of the gene not previously analyzed. The results completed the structure of the gene except for the newly discovered exon 2A that undergoes alternative splicing (Ryan et al., 1990, Trans. Ann. Meet. Orthop. Res. Soc. 15: 65). As a result, it is the most completely known structure of a gene for a human fibrillar collagen. The results confirm the previous impression that exon sizes are highly conserved among the genes for the three major fibrillar collagens. Comparison of clones from the three alleles defined five neutral variations in coding sequences and seven variations in the intron that also are probably neutral variations. The normal sequences and the variations in sequences will be important for identifying different alleles and haplotypes of the gene and for the analysis of genetic mutations in the gene that cause diseases of cartilage such as chondrodysplasias and osteoarthritis.
Topological methods to compute Chern-Simons invariants

In this paper we develop a method which may be used to compute the Chern—Simons invariants of a large class of representations on a large class of manifolds. This class includes all representations on all Seifert fiber spaces, all graph manifolds, and some hyperbolic manifolds. I owe many thanks to Peter Scott, John Harer, Frank Raymond, Ron Fintushel, Paul Kirk and Eric Klassen, without whose help and support this paper could not have been written. After covering some background material, we will compute the Chern—Simons invariants of all Seifert fiber spaces. The techniques we use are very natural for Seifert fiber spaces, but work equally well for many other manifolds after the techniques are translated into the language of surgery. We finish by translating the techniques into a sequence of moves which may be used to compute Chern—Simons invariants in a way similar to that in which skein relations may be used to compute knot invariants. First, we will define the Chern-Simons invariant and list some related facts and definitions. Throughout the paper we will use the group of unit quaternions, denoted by Sp r Geometrically, Spj is a 3-sphere with +1 at the north pole and — 1 at the south pole. Two elements of Spj commute if and only if they lie on a great circle running through +1 . The conjugacy classes are 2-spheres perpendicular to this family of great circles, and every element can be expressed as the commutator of two elements. The Chern-Simons invariant is defined for connections on the trivial Spx bundle over a 3-manifold. Let w be a connection on the trivial Spj bundle over a closed 3manifold. Definition. The Chern-Simons invariant of w is
Pharmacological Management of Pain and Infection in the Surgical Oncology Patient

Surgical oncology patients are often high-risk patients that require careful perioperative management for a successful outcome. Prophylactic antibiotics are needed to prevent infection in tissues compromised by disease, radiation, or chemotherapy. Pain control is needed to prevent the stress response to surgery from worsening the outcome and to aid in the maintenance of patient comfort.
Sorption/desorption of radioactive contaminants by sediment from the Kara Sea

To understand the long term impact of the disposal of radioactive waste on the Kara Sea, partition coefficients (Kd) for several important radionuclides, the mineralogy of the sediment, and the relationship of Kd to liquid-to-solid ratio were quantified. Sediment was obtained from four locations in the Kara Sea area. Slow sorption kinetics were observed for 85Sr, 232U, 125I and 99Tc, whilst sorption was rapid (less than 50 h to steady-state) for 137Cs, 210Pb, and 241Am. Partition coefficients (Kd) were determined using batch type experiments and sorption isotherms which were developed for 85Sr, 99Tc, 125I, U and 137Cs. Partition coefficients for 137Cs were approx. 350 ml/g for sediment from the Trough and 180 ml/g for Stepovogo Fjord. This difference may be caused by the lower fraction of expandable clay in sediment from the fjord. Uptake of 85Sr, 99Tc, 125I, and U were all similar for both locations, with Kd values averaging 4, 3, 17 and 60 ml/g, respectively. The Kd for 137 Cs varied non-linearly from 40 to 3800 ml/g as the liquid-to-solid ratio varied from 3.4 to 6500, but only when the sorption capacity was high compared to the mass of 137Cs in the closed system of the experiment. Under identical conditions, sediment with lower Kd values showed no effect. Oxidation of sediment effectively desorbed 99Tc from the solid phase, whilst it caused increased uptake of 85Sr and U. In sequential rinses with fresh seawater, desorption was limited to 60% of 137Cs and 85Sr, and 35% of uranium.
Relationship of pathology to scolex morphology among caryophyllid cestodes.

The comparative pathology as related to modes of attachment and scolex morphology of the following 15 species of caryophyllid cestodes was studied: Caryophyllaeus laticeps, Monobothrium ingens, M. hunteri, M. ulmeri, Glaridacris catostomi, G. confusus, Biacetabulum infrequens, B. biloculoides, B. carpiodi, Hunterella nodulosa, Isoglaridacris folius, Khawia iowensis, Atractolytocestus huronensis, Capingens singularis and Spartoides wardi. Species with specialized holdfasts having loculi, bothria, or acetabula elicit little or no pathology; on the other hand, those with a terminal introvert, weakly developed loculi, or lacking specialized structures elicit pronounced host reactions in the form of nodules or shallow ulcers. Species with similar types of scolexes appear to attach in similar ways. An interface layer, apparently mucoid in nature as shown by histochemical tests, is often present between host and parasite of some species. Distribution in the intestine, multiple infections, and niche width as related to scolex morphology are discussed. Photomicrographs of species in situ, of pathology, and drawings of scolex types supplement the observations.
Roles of Gibberellin Catabolism and Signaling in Growth and Physiological Response to Drought and Short-Day Photoperiods in Populus Trees

Survival and productivity of perennial plants in temperate zones are dependent on robust responses to prolonged and seasonal cycles of unfavorable conditions. Here we report whole-genome microarray, expression, physiological, and transgenic evidence in hybrid poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba) showing that gibberellin (GA) catabolism and repressive signaling mediates shoot growth inhibition and physiological adaptation in response to drought and short-day (SD) induced bud dormancy. Both water deprivation and SDs elicited activation of a suite of poplar GA2ox and DELLA encoding genes. Poplar transgenics with up-regulated GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox) and DELLA domain proteins showed hypersensitive growth inhibition in response to both drought and SDs. In addition, the transgenic plants displayed greater drought resistance as evidenced by increased pigment concentrations (chlorophyll and carotenoid) and reductions in electrolyte leakage (EL). Comparative transcriptome analysis using whole-genome microarray showed that the GA-deficiency and GA-insensitivity, SD-induced dormancy, and drought response in poplar share a common regulon of 684 differentially-expressed genes, which suggest GA metabolism and signaling plays a role in plant physiological adaptations in response to alterations in environmental factors. Our results demonstrate that GA catabolism and repressive signaling represents a major route for control of growth and physiological adaptation in response to immediate or imminent adverse conditions.
Angiostatic activity of obtustatin as α1β1 integrin inhibitor in experimental melanoma growth

The presented results show the effect of targeting of collagen receptor, α1β1 integrin expressed on the endothelial cells on the development of experimental melanoma and pathological angiogenesis. Obtustatin, a snake venom KTS-disintegrin, was applied as a specific inhibitor of this integrin. This low molecular weight peptide revealed a potent therapeutic effect on melanoma progression in two animal systems, mouse and quail. Its oncostatic effect was related to the inhibition of angiogenesis. Obtustatin inhibited the neovascularization ratio on the CAM embryo of quail, which was pathologically induced by the developing tumor. The i.v. administration of obtustatin completely blocked cancer growth of MV3 human melanoma in nude mice. In B16F10 syngeneic mouse model treatment with the disintegrin revealed a lower effect, although the development of the tumor was significantly reduced for both dosages. The mechanism of obtustatin action is related to the blocking of microvascular endothelial cell proliferation, which undergoes apoptosis in caspase-dependent manner. Summarizing, we present studies of low molecular weight disintegrin, obtustatin as a potential therapeutic compound for treatment of melanoma that contain a high level of vascularization.
A Scalable Planetary Science Information Architecture for Big Science Data

Research has shown that the amount of data now available often overwhelms key functions of an information system. This situation necessitates the design of information architectures that scale to meet the challenges. The Planetary Data System, a NASA funded project, has developed an information architecture for the planetary science community that addresses this and other big science data issues noted in a National Research Council report regarding architectures for big data management and analysis and end-to-end data lifecycle management across diverse disciplines. The report identified enabling technology trends including distributed systems, service-oriented architectures, ontologies, models and information representation, scalable database systems, federated data security mechanisms, and technologies for moving big data. This paper will present the PDS4 information architecture, its successful implementation in a multi-discipline big-data environment.
An improved mode of operation of a transmission electron microscope for wide field off-axis holography

Abstract An improved mode of operation for low magnification off-axis electron holography is presented which permits a significant increase of the field of view over that obtained by the standard low magnification technique in a standard field emission transmission electron microscope. This improvement is achieved by a weak excitation of the objective lens. Ray diagrams for the different low magnification modes are discussed and verified on a Hitachi HF-2000 transmission electron microscope operated in free lens control mode.
Breeding biology of the white-tailed prairie dog, Cynomys leucurus, in Wyoming.

Cynomys leucurus males emerged from hibernation in early March, 2 to 3 weeks before females on the Laramie Plains, Wyoming. Male reproductive structures were well developed at this time with spermatids being the most advanced spermatogenic stage present in seminiferous tubules. Mature spermatogonia were abundant in seminiferous tubules within 2 weeks following emergence, at which time testes were at peak development. Copulation occurred in late March and early April, when male accessory sex glands were exhibiting peak activity and the testes were in the process of regression.
An incremental approach to the development of reusable general-purpose discrete-event simulator components

In this paper, we discuss an incremental approach to the development of reusable components for general-purpose, discrete-event simulation using Ada as the implementation language. The goal of this paper is to illustrate how a well-designed simple model can be extended in small increments to a more general system. We show that the use of Ada is a key element in this style of software engineering. The design of the system is object-based, and the components developed are reused in each successive step of the design and implementation.
Electrochemical characterization of hydrogen-bonding complexation between indoline and nitrogen containing bases

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of indoline in non-aqueous media in the presence of nitrogen-containing bases was studied. Electrooxidation of indoline with strong bases displayed behavior consistent with the formation of a non-covalent hydrogen-bonding complex prior to the electrooxidation. This behavior was studied by cyclic voltammetry and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and a 1:1 interaction between indoline and the base has been proposed. Electrochemistry experiments using a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) were performed to further understand the electrooxidation mechanism in the presence of bases. When the electrooxidation experiments were conducted using weak bases, different behavior was observed; in this case complexation of the electrogenerated radical cation with the base is proposed.
Metal-containing ditopic receptors for molecular recognition of diammonium cations

Abstract Two new ditopic receptors for α,ω-alkanediyldiammonium cations based on a tetraazamacrocyclic (cyclidene) nickel(II) complex bearing two crown-ether residues were synthesized. The studies of the host–guest interaction between the receptors and a series of α,ω-diammonium salts by NMR titration in acetonitrile- d 3 showed that 1:1 complexes are formed with K assoc ∼10 3 –10 5 M −1 . Receptor 1 with benzo-15-crown-5 arms showed substantial selectivity in binding of trimethylene- and tetramethylenediammonium dications, and 1–2 orders of magnitude weaker binding of shorter (C 2 ) or longer (C 5 and C 6 ) diammonium cations. Receptor 2 with benzo-18-crown-6 arms showed higher affinity to all studied diammonium cations, but the recognition of the length of α,ω-diammonium cations was less pronounced.
Epicuticular waxes from vascular plants and particles in the lower troposphere: Analysis of lipid classes by Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography with flame ionization detection

The neutral lipids in a variety of samples of acrosol particulate matter, representative source vegetation, and soil have been analyzed by Iatroscan thin-layer chromatography (TLC) with flame ionization detection (FID). Iatroscan, combining the separation capabilities of TLC on silica coated chromarods with semiquantitation by FID, provides a rapid and sensitive method for lipid analysis which is lacking in the other analytical procedures. Lipid classes were analyzed in extracts of a collection of rural atmospheric particles, epicuticular waxes from possible source vegetation, and soil, covering four geographic regions in a transect across the State of Oregon, U.S.A. Aerosol particles, epicuticular waxes of representative vegetation species, and surface soil contain large amounts of unknown polar material, with similar amounts of neutral lipids including hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids, ketones (aldehydes), wax esters (generally not detectable in the aerosols), and alcohols. The distributions of the lipid classes in the epicuticular waxes of the vegetation vary a great deal from species to species. The distribution of the lipid classes in surface soil differs from those of the vegetation and aerosol particles. Comparison of the neutral lipid classes in the predominant vegetation waxes and the aerosols permitted a general correlation between the source vegetation and the corresponding aerosol particles. This is the first description of a rapid single scan method for the separation and analysis of extractable organic matter from aerosol particles and vegetation using the latroscan TLC with FID.