cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Productivity and sedimentary δ15N variability for the last 17,000 years along the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope

[1] Biogenic opal, organic carbon, organic matter stable isotope, and trace metal data from a well-dated, high-resolution jumbo piston core (EW0408–85JC; 59° 33.3′N, 144° 9.21′W, 682 m water depth) recovered from the northern Gulf of Alaska continental slope reveal changes in productivity and nutrient utilization over the last 17,000 years. Maximum values of opal concentration (∼10%) occur during the deglacial Bolling-Allerod (B-A) interval and earliest Holocene (11.2 to 10.8 cal ka BP), moderate values (∼6%) occur during the Younger Dryas (13.0 to 11.2 cal ka BP) and Holocene, and minimum values (∼3.5%) occur during the Late Glacial Interval (LGI). When converted to opal mass accumulation rates, the highest values (∼5000 g cm−2 kyr−1) occur during the LGI prior to 16.7 cal ka BP, which points to a strong influence by LGI glacimarine sedimentation regimes. Similar patterns are also observed in total organic carbon and cadmium paleoproductivity proxies. Mid-Holocene peaks in the terrestrial organic matter fraction at 5.5, 4.7, 3.5, and 1.2 cal ka BP indicate periods of enhanced delivery of glaciomarine sediments by the Alaska Coastal Current. The B-A and earliest Holocene intervals are laminated, and enrichments of redox-sensitive elements suggest dysoxic-to-anoxic conditions in the water column. The laminations are also associated with mildly enriched sedimentary δ15N ratios, indicating a link between productivity, nitrogen cycle dynamics, and sedimentary anoxia. After applying a correction for terrestrial δ15N contributions based on end-member mixing models of terrestrial and marine organic matter, the resulting B-A marine δ15N (6.3 ± 0.4 ‰) ratios are consistent with either mild denitrification, or increased nitrate utilization. These findings can be explained by increased micronutrient (Fe) availability during episodes of rapid rising sea level that released iron from the previously subaerial coastal plain; iron input from enhanced terrestrial runoff; and/or the intermittent presence of seasonal sea ice resulting from altered ocean/atmospheric circulation during the B-A in the Gulf of Alaska.
Relationship of the human cumulus-free oocyte maturational profile with in vitro outcome parameters after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

Purpose:We investigated whether the human oocyte maturational profile at the removal of cumulus/corona cells affects the fertilization rate and subsequent embryo quality after intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Methods:A total of 1011 oocytes from 150 cycles was included in this retrospective analysis. Cumulus-free oocytes that were in prophase or metaphase I of meiosis at the removal of cumulus/corona cells were incubated in vitro until they reached metaphase II (in vitro-matured oocytes) and were then immediately injected with a single spermatozoa. Oocytes that were in metaphase II at the removal of cumulus/corona cells (MII oocytes) received sperm injection after 3–4 hr of preinjection incubation. Results:The fertilization rate of the MII oocytes was significantly higher than that of in vitro-matured oocytes (81 vs 62%; P < 0.001). The cleavage rates were similar in the two groups (MII oocytes, 94%; in vitro-matured oocytes, 91%). However, MII oocytes had significantly higher percentages of good-quality embryos (grade 1–3 embryos, 87 vs 58%, P < 0.001) and embryos with high cumulative embryo scores (score 10–32 embryos, 62 vs 33%, P < 0.001). The mean cumulative embryo score of MII oocytes after fertilization was also higher than that of in vitro-matured oocytes (12.1 ± 3.8 vs 8.8 ± 3.4; P = 0.014). Conclusions:MII oocytes that extruded the first polar body at the removal of cumulus/corona cells had better fertilization rates and embryo morphology than in vitro-matured oocytes that extruded the first polar body following the removal of cumulus/corona cells and in vitro culture.
Moderated Linguistic Acculturation and Perceived Group Social Capital on Economic and Occupational Stress among People of Mexican Descent

Acculturation plays an important role in Hispanics’ work experiences. Differences in acculturation lead to increases in discrimination that impedes economic and social mobility. This study examines the acculturation and social capital associated with various groups on economic/occupational stress. A convenience sample composed of mostly Mexican-Americans (N = 322) pursuing higher education completed several surveys related to acculturation, economic stress, and social capital. Hierarchical regression results indicate that media, social, and linguistic acculturation and the acculturation interaction term were significant in the final model. Social capital gained from friends and community members was also related to economic stress. The findings from this study identify the stressful intersection between various areas of acculturation and economic stress.
A Review of “The Hidden History of Head Start”

Calling Head Start “ … one of the most important children's programs mandated in America during the twentieth century,” Edward Zigler and Sally J. Styfco tell the story of the “hidden” history of H...
Laser induced surface emission of neutral species and its relationship to optical surface damage processes

The laser-induced emission of neutral constituents and impurities from surfaces of several optical materials is shown to be correlated with optical surface damage thresholds. The characteristics of the emission can be utilized to investigate physical processes involved in the absorption of laser energy at the surface. Examples are given of neutral emission correlated with catastrophic surface heating, changes in surface stoichiometry, and thermally-induced cracking. (11 figs.)
Rheology of reduced-fat mozzarella cheese.

Reduction of dietary fat by Americans has led to the introduction of various low-fat dairy products. Consumption of Mozzarella cheese in the U.S. has reached 3.5 kg per person per year (USDA, 1993), making this variety an appropriate target for fat reduction. Our laboratory has developed a “light” Mozzarella containing <10% fat (Tunick et al., 1991, 1993a, 1993b) which is currently being tested for use in the National School Lunch Program. The effects of cooking temperature, moisture level, and storage time were examined to determine which combination produces the best product. Meltability studies were of particular interest since three-fourths of the Mozzarella cheese produced in the U.S. is used in pizza (Kindstedt, 1993). Homogenization of cheesemilk was also investigated as a possible means of enhancing textural properties and because homogenization is required when recombined milks are used for cheesemaking. In this study, texture profile analysis, small amplitude dynamic oscillatory shear measurements, and meltability measurements were used to compare the rheological properties of low-fat and full-fat Mozzarella cheeses.
Domain and facet personality predictors of all-cause mortality among Medicare patients aged 65 to 100.

Objectives: Our objectives were to test whether Conscientiousness, the other 4 domains of the Five-Factor Model, and their facets predicted mortality in older, frail individuals. Methods: Controlling for demographic and health measures, we used Cox regression to test whether the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness domains predicted all-cause mortality over 5 years in 1076 65- to 100-year-old participants who took part in a Medicare Demonstration study. Supplementary analyses on 597 participants aged 66 to 102 who were reassessed 2 years later were conducted to determine whether any of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) facets were related to mortality. Results: When personality domains were treated as continuous variables, NEO-FFI Neuroticism and Agreeableness were significant protective factors. When personality domains were trichotomized, NEO-FFI Conscientiousness was a protective factor. In a third analysis, Agreeableness was not a significant predictor in a model that included the continuous Neuroticism and trichotomized Conscientiousness variables. Analysis of the NEO-PI-R Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness factors showed that Agreeableness and Conscientiousness were protective and that there was a trend for a similar effect of Neuroticism. Facet-level analyses revealed that the Impulsiveness, Straightforwardness, and Self-Discipline facets of Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, respectively, were prospectively related to greater survival over a 3-year interval. Conclusion: The effects of Neuroticism and Agreeableness on mortality are inconsistent across previous studies. This study indicates that, in a sample of older, frail participants, high Neuroticism and Agreeableness scores are protective and that more specific effects are primarily the result of the Impulsiveness and Straightforwardness facet scales. The Conscientiousness findings are consistent with those in earlier studies and demonstrate the importance of the Self-Discipline facet.
Inference of nitrogen cycling in three watersheds of northern Florida, USA, by multivariate statistical analysis

Nitrogen in fresh waters of three rivers in northern Florida-the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River system, Ochlockonee (Och), and Sopchoppy (Sop)- is inferred to be derived mostly from atmospheric deposition. Because the N:P mole ratios in the rivers are nearly three times higher than the Redfield ratio for aquatic photosynthesis, N is saturate in the ecosystems, not a limiting nutrient, although it may be chemically transformed. Absolute principal component analysis (APCA), a receptor model, was applied to many years of monitoring data for Apalachicola River water and rainfall over its basin in order to better understand aquatic chemistry of nitrogen in the watershed. The APCA model aged rain and groundwater. In the fresh rain component, the ratio of atmospheric nitrate to sulfate is close to that in rainwater, as if some samples had been collected following very recent rainfall. The aged rain component of the river water is distinguished by a low NO[sup [minus][sub 3]]/SO[sup 2[minus][sub 4]] ratio, signifying an atmospheric source but with most of its nitrate having been lost or transformed. The groundwater component, inferred from its concentration to contribute on average about one fourth of the river water, contains abundant Ca[sup 2+] but no detectable nitrogen. Results similar tomore » ACF were obtained for Sop and Och, though Och exhibits some association of NO[sup [minus][sub 3]] with the Ca[sup 2+]-rich component. Similar APCA of wet precipitation resolves mainly components that represent acid rain, with NO[sup [minus]][sub 3], SO[sup 2[minus]][sub 4], and NH[sup +][sub 4], and sea salt, with Na[sup +], Cl[sup [minus]], and Mg[sup 2+]. Inland, the acid rain component is relatively more prominent and Cl[sup [minus]] is depleted, while at atmospheric monitoring sites nearer the coastal region sea salt tends to be more prominent.« less
Surfactants in tablets to improve disintegration.

Incorporation of surfactants into tablet formulations was effective in reducing disintegration times in most cases. Evaluation results of 21 surfactants are presented. The two most effective surfactants were Aerosol OT® and Aerosol MA®.
An unusual form of lipid linkage to the CD45 peptide

Some protein kinases and phosphatases are myristoylated on their amino terminus, which perhaps contributes to subcellular localization or regulation. Glycoprotein CD45, a hematopoietic tyrosine phosphatase, was examined for fatty acid content. The CD45 protein incorporated [3H]myristate, but little [3H]palmitate. The label was not metabolized and reincorporated into amino acids or saccharides, as revealed by peptide maps of CD45 labeled with [3H]myristate, 14C-labeled amino acids, [35S]methionine, or 125I, and glycosidase treatments, respectively. The myristate label was resistant to mild alkaline methanolysis and was found in fatty acid and sphingosine, indicating an unusual form of lipid attachment to CD45.
Temperature calibration of a simultaneous TG/DTA apparatus

Abstract Three sets of reference materials were used to calibrate the temperature of a Seiko TG/DTA320 apparatus. They are magnetic standard materials (Perkin-Elmer Co.), first-order solid1 to solid2 transition materials (certified NIST-ICTA materials) and melting-point standard materials. The temperature range of the calibration is between 100 and 1100°C. The calibrations of temperature among the three sets of standards show some significant differences at higher temperatures.
Non-linear forced vibration of a non-prismatic beam due to combined flexure and stretching

Abstract Dynamic response of a non-prismatic beam with a fixed distance between its ends is analyzed by the variational method. A prismatic beam under similar conditions is used as a “reference structure” and the effect of non-uniform cross-section is accounted for by the minimization of the incremental strain energy in excess of the counterpart of the reference structure. Through the use of normal modes of the reference structure the problem is reduced to the solution of a system of non-linear, coupled, ordinary differential equations which are integrated numerically. Numerical results of a simply-supported haunched beam excited by a sinusoidal loading are presented.
Antiepileptic Drugs 2012: Recent Advances and Trends

There are now 24 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) approved for use in epilepsy in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google for all English-language articles that discuss newly approved AEDs and the use of AEDs in epilepsy in the United States from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2011. Five new agents were identified that have come onto the market within the past 2 years. Moreover, 3 trends involving AEDs have become clinically important and must be considered by all who treat patients with epilepsy. These trends include issues of generic substitution of AEDs, pharmacogenomics predicting serious adverse events in certain ethnic populations, and the issue of the suicide risk involving the entire class of AEDs. This article discusses the most recent AEDs approved for use in the United States and the 3 important trends shaping the modern medical management of epilepsy.
Study of electron-molecule collision via finite-element method and R-matrix propagation technique: exact exchange

We have applied the finite-element method to electron-molecule collision with the exchange effect implemented rigorously. All the calculations are done in the body-frame within the fixed-nuclei approximation, where the exact treatment of exchange as a nonlocal effect results in a set of coupled integro-differential equations. The method is applied to e-H"2 and e-N"2 scatterings and the cross sections obtained are in very good agreement with the corresponding results we have generated from the linear-algebraic approach. This confirms the significant difference observed between our results generated by linear-algebraic method and the previously published e-N"2 cross sections (M. A. Morrison and B. C. Saha, Phys. Rev. A36, 3682, 1987). Our studies show that the finite-element method is clearly superior to the linear-algebraic approach in both memory usage and CPU time especially for large systems such as e-N"2. The system coefficient matrix obtained from the finite-element method is often sparse and smaller in size by a factor of 12 to 16, compared to the linear-algebraic technique. Moreover, the CPU time required to obtain stable results with the finite-element method is significantly smaller than the linear-algebraic approach for one incident electron energy. The usage of computer resources in the finite-element method can even be reduced much further when (1) scattering calculations involving multiple electron energies are preformed in one computer run and (2) exchange, which is a short range effect, is approximated by a sparse matrix.
Long-term changes in reward-seeking following morphine withdrawal are associated with altered N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 splice variants in the amygdala

Abstract The NR1 subunit of the NMDA receptor can be alternatively spliced by the insertion or removal of the N1, C1, C2, or C2′ regions. Morphine dependence and withdrawal were previously demonstrated to lower N1 and C2′ in the accumbens and lower N1, C1, and C2′ in the amygdala (AMY). Withdrawal has also been demonstrated to increase motivational and anxiety/stress behaviors in rats. We tested the hypothesis that NR1 splicing would be associated with these behaviors during an extended withdrawal period of 2 months. Motivation was measured using an operant orofacial assay at non-aversive temperatures (37 °C) while anxiety and stress were measured by examining this behavior at aversive temperatures (46 °C). Lower C1 and C2 expression levels were observed in the AMY in a subset of the population of withdrawn rats even after 2 months of morphine withdrawal. These subsets were associated with a hypersensitivity to adverse conditions which may reflect long-term alterations in the withdrawn population.
The Utilization of Needs Assessment Results.

Abstract While the utilization of evaluation results has been extensively studied, the utilization of needs assessments has not. In this investigation, a survey was mailed to administrators in Colleges of Education in Ohio to determine the nature of such utilization and the potential of certain variables (attitude toward needs assessment, involvement in the process, aspects of reports, methodological background) to predict it. Descriptive and correlational results are presented. A moderately high multiple correlation (R = .68) was obtained with attitude and involvement; the other independent variables contributed minimally to prediction. Implications of the results for conducting needs assessments are discussed.
Crambe meal as a protein source for feeds

Crambe abyssinica may be grown for its seed oil containing 55-60% erucic acid, which fills a long-term, technologically important US industrial market. The residual meal could serve in animal feeds, but, like other Cruciferae, crambe seed contains glucosinolates that limit the feed value of the defatted meal. Protein content, amino acid composition, protein efficiency tests and numerous animal feeding experiments show that crambe meal contains protein of good nutritional quality. Means of reducing, nullifying or removing the glucosinolates and their hydrolysis (aglucon) products have been the object of many studies, and crambe meals containing native levels of glucosinolates and/or aglucon products have been shown to be lethal to mice, rats and chicks when fed at significant dietary levels. Animal performance is inversely related to sublethal concen-trations of these compounds in modified meals. However, water-extracted crambe meals have excellent nutritional quality when such extraction removes the glucosinolates and/or aglucon products. Feeding experiments suggest that these meals, although more costly to prepare, could be used in feeds for nonruminant animals. On the other hand, moist heat-toasting of crambe meals in conventional oilseed extraction facilities provides meals of value for supplemental protein in beef rations. For this use, specifications and FDA ap-proval are in place for commercial exploitation of crambe meal. These studies and the status of crambe as a protein source in feeds are reviewed.
Dislocation formation during the growth of large diameter, undoped GaAs single crystals

Abstract Dislocations can form in a perfect crystal, that is in quasi-equilibrium with its melt, either via stresses exceeding the critical resolved shear stress or through dislocation loop formation resulting from precipitation of point defects. For crystals growing under very low thermal gradients, thermoelastic stress is not the primary dislocation formation mechanism, nor is there sufficient point defect supersaturation to form dislocation loops. Dislocations can form only through heterogeneous stresses arising at the solid-liquid interface such as those due to point defect concentration gradients originating from non-uniform incorporation across steps in the interface. Control of point defect concentrations either via dopant additions or via stoichiometric control can lead to a reduction in the dislocation density. Growth of undoped GaAs in a how-walled chamber, wherein the arsenic partial pressure in equilibrium with the melt is carefully controlled, can yield nearly dislocation-free material.
Measurements of air-filled porosity in unsaturated organic matrices using a pycnometer

Abstract Air-filled porosity measurements for unsaturated organic matrices were made over three particle sizes and several moisture contents using a pycnometer. The reliability of the pycnometer was validated using glass beads and an uncertainty analysis was performed to assess how uncertainty in measuring the compression chamber pressure, or uncertainty in measuring sample and compression volumes, influenced the uncertainty in measuring air-filled porosity. Measured values of the air-filled porosity (ea) for glass beads obtained with the pycnometer agreed to within 1.5–2.5% of the values estimated from the glass bead's diameter and density. The uncertainty analysis showed that a 1% uncertainty in the volume of the compression chamber or the sample chamber led to a 1% uncertainty in the air-filled porosity, while a 1% uncertainty in the measurement of the compression chamber pressure translated into a 3% uncertainty in the air-filled porosity. In addition, the linear behavior that one would expect to see between ea and dry-basis moisture content was confirmed by the measurements obtained with the pycnometer. The pycnometer proved to be a quick and accurate device for measuring air-filled porosity of unsaturated organic matrices.
Examining Anxiety and Depression as Moderators of the Associations Between ADHD Symptoms and Academic and Social Problems in Hispanic Adolescents

The effects of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms on the psychosocial functioning of Hispanic youth have been understudied. It also remains unclear if the well-established associations between ADHD symptoms and academic and social impairment are exacerbated by co-occurring internalizing symptoms. The purposes of the present study were to (1) examine whether ADHD symptoms would be associated with academic and social problems while also controlling for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, and (2) test the hypothesis that anxious and depressive symptoms would moderate the relations between ADHD symptoms and academic and social problems. Participants were 142 at-risk Hispanic adolescents (54 % male, ages 14–19) who reported on their anxious and depressive symptoms, as well as their teachers who reported on adolescents’ ADHD symptoms, ODD symptoms, academic problems, and social problems. When the psychopathology variables were included simultaneously in a path model, ADHD was the only domain significantly positively associated with academic problems. In contrast, ODD and depressive symptoms were the only domains significantly positively associated with social problems when all of the psychopathology variables were included in the path model. No moderation effects were found in relation to academic problems, although a significant ADHD × depression interaction was found in relation to social problems. Specifically, ADHD symptoms were not associated with social problems among adolescents who reported low levels of depressive symptoms, but the association between ADHD symptoms and social problems was significant at higher levels of depression. In addition to targeting oppositionality, attending to the combined presence of ADHD and depressive symptoms will be important for reducing the social impairments among Hispanic adolescents.
NMR studies of electronic structure and hydrogen diffusion in transition metal hydrides

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has had extensive applications for the characterization of numerous metal-hydrogen systems. Although the greatest emphasis of proton NMR has been to evaluate diffusion behavior, increasing attention has been addressed upon the correlation of proton Knight shifts and the conduction electron contributions to proton spin-lattice relaxation times to the electronic structure properties of the hydride. The general principles of NMR, that pertain to the usual situations for most transition metal hydrides, will be briefly reviewed. Several specific examples from some recent research will be discussed in greater detail. In particular, the roles of host crystal structure and hydrogen site occupancy to hydrogen diffusion behavior are examined for the Ti1-y Cu y H x and Zr1-y Pd y H x systems. The proton hyperfine parameters in TiH x and ZrH x , as well as several related ternary hydrides, are used to qualitatively assess the character of the Fermi level electronic states. The relationship between the tetragonal distortions of the Ti and Zr dihydrides and a solid-state Jahn-Teller mechanism will also be examined.
A CROSS‐CULTURAL COMPARISON OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT MANAGEMENT BEHAVIORS

Based on the collectivism‐individualism structure, the present study compared organizational conflict management behaviors between Korea (a collectivistic culture) and the U.S. (an individualistic culture). Employing a three‐way factorial design (Culture type x Relational distance x Power relationship), the present study registered robust effects of culture type in determining one's organizational conflict management behaviors. Specifically, Koreans are found to be extensive users of solution‐orientation strategies, while Americans prefer to use either non‐confrontation or control strategies in dealing with organizational conflicts. Moreover, the data also indicated that Koreans are more sensitive in exercising power when facing conflicts with subordinates in the organization. On the other hand, the effect of relational distance (ingroup vs. outgroup) in determining one's choice of organizational conflict management styles is found to be minimal. Implications of present findings for future intercultural communication research are also discussed.
Cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus and the development and fecundity of the pink bollworm.

Abstract Larvae of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, treated with a cytoplasmic-polyhedrosis virus (100 viral inclusions/mm 2 of diet surface) were 73.5% smaller than untreated larvae, pupation was reduced 50%, and pupal weights were reduced 20%. Only 22% of treated larvae produced adults, the longevity of diseased males and females was reduced 48 and 46%, respectively, and production of eggs was reduced 66% in diseased moths. However, hatch of eggs and mating were not affected by disease.
Dispersion of Gravid Aedes Triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Woodlands into Open Terrain

Activity of gravid Aedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) was monitored throughout the summer of 1981 in southwestern Wisconsin, USA, using ovitraps in open terrain such as fields between woodlots. Ovitraps were placed at various distances from the woods in various field types, including corn, alfalfa, pasture, mixed plantings, fallow old fields, and an open yard. Weekly ovitrap checks showed that Ae. triseriatus readily dispersed into all types of open areas; however, field type influenced the amount of oviposition activity observed. Dispersion of gravid females was lowest into alfalfa and corn fields, with only 4.3 and 7.6% of ovitrap observations positive for eggs, respectively. Dispersion was greater into wet meadow, old field, and open yard, as 17.9, 33.9, and 40% of ovitrap observations were positive for eggs, respectively. Distance between woodlots did not appear to influence dispersion rates, as a total of 14.5% of observations from all open-terrain ovitraps more than 100 m from woods were positive for eggs. In 1 pastureland site, ovitraps placed 273 m from the nearest woods were positive for eggs in 27.5% of trap observations. Ovitraps placed in fencerows or on isolated trees in open areas were more attractive to ovipositing mosquitoes than traps placed on wooden stakes in all open terrain habitats. Adult male and female Ae. triseriatus were observed in open terrain on a number of occasions. The effect of open-terrain dispersion by Ae. triseriatus on the epidemiology of La Crosse encephalitis virus is discussed.
Ghrelin Secretion in Humans Is Sexually Dimorphic, Suppressed by Somatostatin, and Not Affected by the Ambient Growth Hormone Levels

We studied plasma ghrelin and GH concentrations over a 24-h period in young healthy men and women and in patients with acromegaly. Healthy subjects were restudied after administration of GH-lowering agents, octreotide or GHRH antagonist. Ghrelin concentrations in women studied during the late follicular stage of the cycle were about 3-fold higher than in men. Suppression of GH secretion by GHRH antagonist did not alter ghrelin concentration profiles. In the presence of high GH levels (acromegaly), ghrelin levels were similar to those found in healthy men. Administration of somatostatin analog octreotide suppressed both GH and ghrelin concentration profiles. We conclude that: 1) ghrelin secretion is sexually dimorphic in humans, with women in the late follicular stage having higher levels than men; 2) ghrelin secretion is suppressed by somatostatin; and 3) GH has no influence over ghrelin secretion.
An expert system for choosing the best combination of options in a general-purpose program for automated design synthesis

An expert system called EXADS has been developed to aid users of the Automated Design Synthesis (ADS) general purpose optimization program. ADS has approximately 100 combinations of strategy, optimizer, and one-dimensional search options from which to choose. It is difficult for a nonexpert to make this choice. This expert system aids the user in choosing the best combination of options based on the users knowledge of the problem and the expert knowledge stored in the knowledge base. The knowledge base is divided into three categories; constrained problems, unconstrained problems, and constrained problems being treated as unconstrained problems. The inference engine and rules are written in LISP, contains about 200 rules, and executes on DEC-VAX (with Franz-LISP) and IBM PC (with IQ-LISP) computers.
Looking for CP violation in W production and decay.

We describe CP-violating observables in resonant ${\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and ${\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ plus one jet production at the Fermilab Tevatron. We present simple examples of CP-violating effective operators, consistent with the symmetries of the standard model, which would give rise to these observables. We find that CP-violating effects coming from new physics at the TeV scale could in principle be observable at the Tevatron with ${10}^{6}$ ${\mathit{W}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ decays.
Impact of hydrogen production on optimal economic operation of a grid-parallel PEM fuel cell power plant

This paper presents an economic model of a PEM fuel cell power plant (FCPP). The model includes the operational cost, thermal recovery, power trade with the local grid, and hydrogen production. The model is used to determine the optimal operational strategy, which yields the minimum operating cost. The optimal operational strategy is achieved through estimation of the following: hourly generated power, thermal power recovered from the FCPP, power trade with the local grid, and hydrogen production. An evolutionary programming-based technique is used to solve for the optimal operational strategy. The model is tested using different seasonal load demands. The results illustrate the impact of producing hydrogen on the operational strategies of the FCPP when subjected to seasonal load variation. Results are encouraging and indicate viability of the proposed model.
Lipid composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum of human skeletal muscle.

Abstract 1. 1. Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum was isolated from human pectoral muscle. The yield of sarcoplasmic reticulum protein was about 1 mg/g fresh muscle Judging by enzyme assay, contamination by mitochondria was less than 5%. 2. 2. Mg 2+ -activated ATPase activity was 0.10 μmole P i /mg sarcoplasmic reticulum protein per min, and Ca 2+ uptake was 0.08 or 3.89 μmoles Ca 2+ /mg sarcoplasmc reticulum protein in the absence or presence of 5 mM potassium oxalate, respectively Sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions also inhibited the superprecipitation of myofibrils 3. 3. The total lipid content was 0.48 mg/mg protein. 61% of the lipid was phospholipid and 13% was cholesterol. 65% of phospholipid was phosphatidyl choline and 17% was phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The major fatty acids of phospholipid were palmitic (23%), stearic (14%), oleic (10%), linoleic (29%) and arachidonic acid (13%). Individual subfractions of phospholipid exhibited characteristic fatty acid patterns.
New Developments In X-Ray Imaging Systems

I hope that we all agree that the goal of radiologic imaging is good diagnostic accuracy combined with low radiation exposure. I am dismayed, however, whenever I hear the statement that we are all working to "Maximize diagnostic accuracy and minimize patient exposure" because I feel strongly that this statement somewhat subtly clouds a central and crucial problem in the evaluation of diagnostic image quality. I believe that we can never hope to maximize diagnostic accuracy and minimize patient exposure simultaneously because we can always buy a little more diagnostic accuracy at the expense of a little more patient exposure, or reduce exposure a bit at the cost of some loss in diagnostic usefullness.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Mechanistic Implications of the Assembly of Organic Thiocyanates on Precious Metals

Thiocyanate assembly is shown to be an effective method for assembling thiolate structures on platinum, silver, and gold. The assemblies were studied by infrared reflection spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Two cyanide species were identified on the surfaces: the first corresponding to adsorbed cyanide and the second to a form commonly seen as an intermediate during cyanide etching of metals. The presence of the second species supports the theory that cyanide is leaving the surface as M(CN)x, resulting in a thiolate monolayer. Comparison of thiocyanate assemblies on evaporated gold and silver to those on template-stripped gold demonstrates the integral role of surface morphology in the expulsion of (CN)ads from the surface of the metals.
A study of acetyl-CoA condensation with α-keto acids

Abstract The condensation of acetyl-CoA with α-ketobutyrate and with α-ketovalerate to yield α-ethylmalic acid and α-( n -propyl)malic acid, respectively, has been demonstrated to occur in the presence of dialyzed cell-free extracts of baker's yeast ( Sacchararomyces cerevisiae ). These reactions have been studied by means of a fluorometric assay procedure suitable for determination of α substituted malic acid derivatives. The reactions were shown to require α-keto acid, acetate, CoA, and ATP or the presence of α-keto acid and acetyl-CoA alone. The reaction between acetyl-CoA and α-ketobutyrate was also demonstrated by means of acetyl-CoA disappearance as measured by a decrease in absorbance at 232 mμ. Comparison of specific activities of the various ammonium sulfate fractions of the yeast extract indicated that the condensations of acetyl-CoA with α-ketobutyrate and α-ketovalerate are catalyzed by the same enzyme fraction. In the light of these results and results of experiments reported previously the condensation of acetyl-CoA with α-keto acids may be viewed as a general type of enzyme reaction.
A Knobe Effect for Belief Ascriptions

Knobe (Analysis 63:190-193, 2003a, Philosophical Psychology 16:309-324, 2003b, Analysis 64:181-187, 2004b) found that people are more likely to attribute intentionality to agents whose actions resulted in negative side-effects that to agents whose actions resulted in positive ones. Subsequent investigation has extended this result to a variety of other folk psychological attributions. The present article reports experimental findings that demonstrate an analogous effect for belief ascriptions. Participants were found to be more likely to ascribe belief, higher degrees of belief, higher degrees of rational belief, and dispositional belief to agents in central Knobe effect cases who bring about negative side-effects than to agents who bring about positive ones. These findings present a significant challenge to widely held views about the Knobe effect, since many explanations of it assume that agents in contrasting pairs of Knobe effect cases do not differ with respect to their beliefs. Participants were also found to be more confident that knowledge should be attributed than they were that belief or dispositional belief should be attributed. This finding strengthens the challenge that Myers-Schulz and Schwitzgebel (2013) have launched against the traditional view that knowledge entails belief.
Allozyme and morphological variation in two subspecies of Dryas octopetala (Rosaceae)in Alaska

The Alaskan endemic shrub Dryas octopetala ssp. alaskensis and its circumpolar conspecific ssp. octopetala are adapted to closely adjacent habitats in alpine areas of Alaska. These alpine areas form geographically disjunct "islands" among which there are limited opportunities for gene flow. Allozyme electrophoresis and a common garden experiment were used to examine genetic variation between subspecies and among disjunct populations of each subspecies. Overall, allozyme variation in D. octopetala is low with little differentiation among populations or between subspecies. Morphological differences, however, are greater between subspecies than among populations within subspecies. Divergence for a few morphological and life-history characters has apparently occurred in response to strong selection, but without divergence at allozyme loci. The ancestors of both subspecies of D. octopetala in Alaska were isolated during the Pleistocene in the glacial refugia of Alaska and Yukon, which may explain low overall variation. Dryas. o. alaskensis is thought to be a Pleistocene derivative of ssp. octopetala, which may account for the low allozyme divergence between subspecies. Recent restriction to alpine areas may explain the low differentiation among disjunct populations.
Equivalency of a personal dust monitor to the current United States coal mine respirable dust sampler

The United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, through an informal partnership with industry, labor, and the United States Mine Safety and Health Administration, has developed and tested a new instrument known as the Personal Dust Monitor (PDM). The new dust monitor is an integral part of the cap lamp that coal miners normally carry to work and provides continuous information about the concentration of respirable coal mine dust within the breathing zone of that individual. Previous laboratory testing demonstrated that there is a 95% confidence that greater than 95% of individual PDM measurements fall within ± 25% of reference measurements. The work presented in this paper focuses on the relationship between the PDM and respirable dust concentrations currently measured by a coal mine dust personal sampler unit utilizing a 10 mm Dorr–Oliver nylon cyclone. The United Kingdom Mining Research Establishment instrument, used as the basis for coal mine respirable dust standards, had been designed specifically to match the United Kingdom British Medical Research Council (BMRC) criterion. The personal sampler is used with a 1.38 multiplier to convert readings to the BMRC criterion. A stratified random sampling design incorporating a proportionate allocation strategy was used to select a sample of mechanized mining units representative of all US underground coal mines. A sample of 180 mechanized mining units was chosen, representing approximately 20% of the mechanized mining units in production at the time the sample was selected. A total of 129 valid PDM/personal sampler dust sample sets were obtained. A weighted linear regression analysis of this data base shows that, in comparison with the personal sampler, the PDM requires a mass equivalency conversion multiplier of 1.05 [95% C.I. = (1.03, 1.08)] when the small intercept term is removed from the analysis. Removal of the intercept term results in a personal sampler-equivalent concentration increase of 2.9% at a PDM measurement of 2.0 mg m–3.
Solid State Lasers: Meeting the Grand Challenges

Advances in solid state lasers has enabled progress toward meeting grand challenges. Examples to be considered are the detection of gravitational waves; laser acceleration to enable TeV scale physics and the generation of attosecond coherent x-rays.
Properties of blends of sulfonic acids doped polyaniline and polyester-polyether block copolymer

Blends of polyaniline protonated with functionalized sulfonic acids dopant and various block copolymers of poly (1,4-butylene terephthalate)-co-polytetramethylene oxide having variable proportion of hard to soft segment can be cast as freestanding films from hexafluoro-2-propanol solution. The electrical conductivity of these blends showed percolation threshold values below 1%, a behavior which is indicative of a fibrillar network phase-separated morphology. A significant effect of the counter-ion of the functionalized acid dopant was noted. Polyaniline doped with camphor sulfonic acid or with methane sulfonic acid produced higher conductivity values than polyaniline doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid. The hard segment in the insulating copolymer was found to suppress the electrical conductivity of the resulting compositions. The phase-separated morphology in these blends was confirmed from the observed approximate linear relation of the specific volume on the composition of the blend.
Comparison of the Responses of Native Ohio Fish and Two Species of Salt-Water Fundulus to the Exophthalmos-Producing Substance (EPS) of the Pituitary Gland

A search has been made to find a readily available, hardy, fresh-water fish which would be a reliable subject for use in the bioassay of the exophthalmos-producing substance (EPS). During the past 20 yr, investigators have used several species of fish to assay for EPS in extracts of the anterior pituitary and in the serum of patients with exophthalmos. Fundulus heteroclitus, a euryhaline minnow used in this laboratory, has been found to be a most sensitive assay animal, but at times it can be obtained only with difficulty. Fourteen species of native Ohio fish were tested, but none was found to surpass F. heteroclitus in degree of response to an EPS standard, ease of handling or hardiness. The Central Stoneroller Minnow and the Longnose Dace were found to show a significant degree of response to EPS. The response of carp and goldfish to the EPS standard was inferior to these and insignificant compared to F. heteroclitus. Refinement of techniques of maintenance and methods of performing the assay as well as...
Rethinking the Conduct of Psychiatric Research

WHY reconsider how we conduct psychiatric research, as Bonnie 1 and Elliott 2 urge in this issue of theArchives? To be sure, several highly publicized cases have raised questions regarding the adequacy of current regulatory structures for the protection of subjects ( New York Times . March 10, 1994:A-1 and March 4, 1995:21; Chronicle of Higher Education . March 31, 1995: A27). Adverse media coverage, however, even when it stimulates congressional hearings ( New York Times . May 24, 1994:A-13), is not necessarily a sound basis on which to reopen complex issues of policy. In this case, though, there are at least 2 reasons to encourage further systematic attention to the conduct of psychiatric research. First, doubts about whether protections are adequate to safeguard the interests of research subjects with mental illness threaten to split the alliance of family members and psychiatric researchers, a union that has become crucial for sustaining political support for
Abstract B226: MiR-148a dependent apoptosis of bladder cancer cells is mediated by the epigenetic modifier DNMT1.

Introduction: MiRNAs are now recognized as major players in cancer. MiR-148a has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in the context of several cancers including prostate, gastric, and lung but a study investigating its role in bladder cancer has never been performed. Here we sought to characterize the expression and role of miR-148a in bladder cancer. Methods: Real time PCR was used to assess the levels of miR-148a across several bladder cancer cell lines. MiR-148a mimics were employed in T24 and UM-UC-3 cells to assess proliferation by CCK-8 proliferation assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Mimics were also used to assess apoptosis by immunoblot and annexin-V staining. SiRNA was used to knock-down DNMT1 to phenocopy miR-148a treatment. CCK-8 proliferation assays and crystal violet staining were used to assess the effects of miR-148a added to either cisplatin or doxorubicin on T24 and UM-UC-3 cells. Results: All bladder cancer cell lines had significantly reduced expression of miR-148a than that of a control immortalized urothelial cell line. MiR-148a mimic treatment of T24 and UM-UC-3 cells lead to large decreases in viability. Flow cytometry demonstrated an S-phase arrest in miR-148a mimic treated cells versus control oligo treated cells. Immunoblots for cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP along with annexin-V staining showed strong induction of apoptosis in miR-148a mimic treated cells. MiR-148a was shown to target DNMT1 and DNMT1 knock-down was able to phenocopy results from miR-148a mimic treatment suggesting DNMT1 is downstream of miR-148a. Finally, we found that miR-148a can be used with either cisplatin or doxorubicin for an additive effect in inducing apoptosis. Conclusions: Our work demonstrates for the first time that miR-148a plays a tumor suppressive role in bladder cancer and suggests it could be used as a novel therapeutic agent either alone or in conjunction with chemotherapeutics. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):B226. Citation Format: Alan P. Lombard, Steve Libertini, Nicole Costanzo, Rebecca Lim, Maria Mudryj. MiR-148a dependent apoptosis of bladder cancer cells is mediated by the epigenetic modifier DNMT1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B226.
The New Books project

The New Book project is a Library of Congress (LC) Cataloging Directorate proposal intended to provide the library community and general public access to a rich source of information about soon-to-published and just-published books. In conjunction with another Cataloging Directorate proposal, known as the LC Partnership Program, New Books would enable readers to identify forthcoming books in the LC database and then readily request books of interest be purchased by their local library. The New Book program would build on the LC Cataloging in Publication program (also known as CIP)
Vaccinations in Older Adults with Gastrointestinal Diseases

Vaccines play a key role in the prevention of illness in the elderly, are cost effective, and generally safe. Hepatitis C, cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, and inflammatory bowel disease are more prevalent than ever among older adults. Along with an age-related decline in immune system function (immunosenescence), these diseases make elderly individuals more susceptible to infections and more likely to experience a poor outcome relative to their younger counterparts. Vaccinations also appear to be less effective in the elderly, warranting research into different vaccination strategies such as booster vaccines, higher doses of vaccine, and measurement of antibody titers to guide vaccination.