cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the requirements for ribonucleic acid synthesis with the requirements for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in animal tissues

Ribonucleic acid polymerase and deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase have been partially purified from bovine lymphosarcoma, lymph node, and thymus. An examination of the deoxyribonucleic acid requirements of the two enzymes indicates that “native” deoxyribonucleic acid is the preferred template for ribonucleic acid synthesis; heat-denatured deoxyribonucleic acid is considerably less active. The primer requirements for deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis differ: “native” deoxyribonucleic acid is usually inactive, while denatured deoxyribonucleic acid is active. The two enzymes also differ in pH optima and in their requirements for metal cofactors.
Indications for tonsillectomy: a 10 year retrospective review.

Abstract Objective Recurrent tonsillitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the most common indications for tonsillectomy. This study was undertaken to determine if recurrent tonsillitis is increasing as an indication for tonsillectomy by reviewing the recent trend at a single institution. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing tonsillectomy from 2003 to 2012 was performed. Data was gathered from pre-operative symptoms and sleep study results. Patients were categorized by the following indications: (1) obstructive sleep apnea, (2) recurrent tonsillitis and OSA, (3) recurrent tonsillitis alone and (4) other. Literature review was conducted to find similar studies; the results of the literature review were compared to our results. Results A total of 2369 patients were included, 52% were boys. Over the study period OSA was the indication for surgery for 67% of patients. There was an increasing trend in OSA as the indication for tonsillectomy ( p p p Conclusion There were mild variations from year to year; however, obstructive sleep apnea is the most common reason for tonsillectomy.
Kinetics of helium self-trapping in metals

A kinetic model, based upon rate theory, is presented which provides a quantitative description of the processes leading to the self-trapping of helium introduced into metal lattices either by tritium decay or by sub-damage-threshold ion implantation. The model makes use of previously published binding energies of helium, vacancies, and self-interstitials to each other. A coupled set of diffusion and rate equations allowing for the diffusion of helium interstitials, vacancies, and tritium atoms and the trapping of helium, vacancies, and self-interstitials in clusters is solved with the use of methods applicable to those stiff equations. The results are compared with the tritium decay experiments of Thomas, Swansiger, and Baskes and the low-energy implantation experiments of Thomas and Bastasz. The model provides the necessary link between these experiments and the atomistic theory.
PARTICIPATION OF MEXICAN AMERICAN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN A LONGITUDINAL PANEL SURVEY

The sources of systematic sample attrition are exam- ined for a community-based panel survey of 1,023 Mexican American and non-Hispanic white female adolescents, 874 (85.4%) of whom were reinterviewed after two years. There were few differences between Mexican Americans born in the United States and non-Hispanic whites, but Mexican Americans born in Mexico were distinctively different. The characteristics of the original interview shape the respondent's concurrent attitude to- ward repeating the experience but do not affect directly subse- quent behavior. The results demonstrate that the validity of panel data may be problematic even when indicators of the survey con- tent do not appear to be associated directly with loss to follow-up. Attrition exerted a greater impact upon the external than internal validity of the panel data.
The Hymenoptera venom study I, 1979–1982: Demographics and history-sting data

Abstract The Hymenoptera venom study, a study based on case histories, skin test results and adverse reactions, immunotherapy and adverse reactions, and treatment efficacy, for 3236 Hymenoptera-allergic subjects, was begun in 1979 after the Food and Drug Administration approval of Hymenoptera venoms. Eighty-four Fellows and Members of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology participated in the study. All subjects had a history of an adverse reaction to one or more Hymenoptera insects. The mean age was 3012 years (range 1 to 83 years). Male subjects accounted for 61.5% and female subjects, 38.5%; 3.1% were beekeepers and 32.3% were atopic. Demographic data were similar for subgroups. There was an average of 2.7 history stings per subject. At least one systemic reaction (SR) was reported by 2866 subjects (89%); 2219 (69%) experienced an SR after their most recent sting before entry into the study, and 70% had experienced only a single SR. Moderate to severe SRs were equally likely after stings of yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, and yellow hornet (65%), honeybee (67%), or wasp (70%), although historical SRs were reported more often after stings of yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, or yellow hornet (30%) than after honeybee (19%) or wasp (14%) stings. No association was noted between the number of stings per episode and severity of the SR. Fifty-one percent of SRs were reported as occurring within 10 minutes of sting; however, the onset of a moderate to severe SR sometimes occurred at 301 or more minutes after a sting episode. Of 2219 subjects with an SR after their most recent sting before entry into the study, 68% received epinephrine for treatment.
Properties of mitotic cells prepared by mechanically shaking monolayer cultures of Chinese hamster cells.

A technique has been developed for the selective detachment of mitotic cells from monolayer cultures of Chiness hamster cells with a simple reciprocating shaking machine. Cultures prepared by the shake treatment and placed in spinner flasks are routinely obtained, in which the mitotic fraction drops from 0.95–0.05 in 19 minutes. Some properties of mitotic cells prepared by this technique are described, along with a simple procedure for producing large quantities of mitotic cells. Cells chilled immediately after collection from a series of shake treatments complete mitosis synchronously upon subsequent resuspension in warm medium.
Full Circle: The Evolution of Preconception Health Promotion in America

Preconception health promotion encourages and enables a woman to actively plan pregnancy, enter pregnancy in good health with as few risk factors as possible, and be informed about her general and reproductive health before conception. Nurses have provided this holistic health care since the early 1900s. In succeeding decades, various components of and methods for promoting preconception health have been discovered and emphasized. Embracing preconception health promotion as wellness for life brings us full circle.
Impacts of Job Analysis on Organizational Performance: An Inquiry on Indian Public Sector Enterprises

Abstract Purpose A regular or proactive job analysis practices help to identify factors that shape the employees ‘motivation and job satisfaction. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited faces the problem on managing its human power and not occupying delightful performance from the last three consequent years. This paper aims to examine the relationship between organizational performance and employee job analysis in context to Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Vadodara Telecom District, Gujarat. Research Methodology The survey questionnaire was administered to employees of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, Vadodara Telecom District through email and in person by (417 out of 1361) by employing sample size determinants like: confidence level, confidence interval and population. The questionnaire consists of factors like; organizational performance, job design, job description, organizational policies and practices, job specification and job evaluation.All the 417 respondents are considered as valid respondents for further investigation. The study is quantitative research approach and the collected data are analyzed by scale reliability for questionnaire scaling validity, descriptive statistics, measurement of items, correlation, regression analysis and other applicable tests with a view to know that at what level job analysis is related with organizational performance. IBMSPSS.20 is employed as a statistical tool for data analysis. Findings The collected data reveals that organizational performance and job analysis are positively related with each other. Research Implications/Limitations This study shows that employee job analysis can be a powerful tool to enhance organizational performance. Further research can be held with more samples by extending the area of research.
Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by direct and indirect agents in a human teratoma cell line

Abstract We have extended the characterization of the P3 cell line, derived from a human epithelial teratocarcinoma, by studying the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) by direct and indirect carcinogens. Several direct acting carcinogens produce a dose-dependent increase in SCEs. Most notably, N -methyl- N ′-nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine and 7 β ,8 α -dihydroxy-9 α ,10 α -epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[ a ]pyrene produce increases in SCEs at doses comparable to those used to induce mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosporibosyl transferase locus. The indirect carcinogens elicit SCEs only when the P3 cells are cocultured with cells capable of metabolizing the indirect carcinogens to the active form. Human breast carcinoma (BJ-015) and rat hepatoma (RL-12) cells are equally efficient in activating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the active form. This cell-mediated induction of SCEs is obtained when the P3 cells are incubated with live, X-irradiated, or UV-irradiated BJ or RL cells. This P3 cell line is thus equally suitable to study the induction of mutations or the induction of SCEs with direct and indirect carcinogens.
Locational factors in citizen peace negotiations

The article offers a critical comparison between two extreme cases of the Minds of Peace Experiment: the Detroit round (May 2009) and the first round in Israel–Palestine (Beit Jala – August 2009). It explores the question of residential location in an age of globalization as influencing reconciliation prospects in intractable disputes. Most of the participants in Detroit were Israelis and Palestinians who lived for many years in the Diaspora, while the panellists in Beit Jala reside in Israel or the West Bank. The interactions between the participants and the outcomes of the two rounds differed markedly in ways traceable to contrasting perspectives on interests and agendas. Diaspora participants tended to value issues such as justice and refugee return, while those proximate to the conflict tended to emphasize relief of everyday local grievances. The article grapples with the effects of variables such as the length of time removed from the former homeland, circumstances of departure, the degree of continu...
Global end-diastolic volume as an indicator of cardiac preload in hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in swine

Optimal monitoring of cardiac preload is essential during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock (HSR) to avoid under-resuscitation and over-resuscitation. The maintenance of adequate preload by administration of intravenous fluids remains a primary target to optimize hemodynamics in the early phase of HSR prior to the arrival of blood products. The central venous pressure (CVP) is commonly used as a goal to resuscitation; however, several studies have shown that cardiac filling pressures are not always accurate indicators of ventricular preload. The global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) determined at the bedside by the transpulmonary thermodilution method has been found to better assess cardiac preload in septic patients than CVP but this has not been examined in HSR. The present study was designed to assess the value of GEDV measured by transpulmonary thermodilution as an indicator of cardiac preload in HSR.
Wrench Reconfigurability via Attachment Point Design in Mobile Cable Robots

In our previous paper [1], we examined enhancing manipulation capabilities of cable robots by addition of base mobility to the spooling-winches. Base mobility facilitated the regulation of the tension-direction (via active repositioning of the mobile bases) and allowed for better conditioning of the wrench feasible workspace. In this paper, we explore design-modifications on the attachment to the common payload (merging multiple cables, attachment via pulleys) as alternate means to improve quality of the wrench-feasible workspace. Specifically we systematically examine the role played by attachment-modality and location, focusing on the benefits/drawbacks of the ensuing natural mechanical averaging behavior. Further, by using the notion of virtual cable subsystems, we illustrate the subsumption of this case into our previous mobile-cable-robot analysis framework. We seek improvement of the overall tension distribution by utilizing configuration space redundancy to shape the tension null-space. This is implemented computationally within the framework of a Tension Factor optimization problem over the workspace and explored via both simulation and experiments.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
A note on cointegration of health expenditures and income

Utilizing a panel data set of 50 US states, this note investigates nonstationarity and cointegration of health care expenditures and gross state products (GSP). Both the individual state-based method and the recent panel data method are applied. Allowing for structural breaks in the test, we find that health care expenditures and GSP are both nonstationary. The evidence also suggests that the two series form a cointegrating relationship. The income elasticities of health spending vary over states and became smaller in the 1990s. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Michaelis-Menten is dead, long live Michaelis-Menten!

Modern single-molecule tools, when applied to enzymes, challenge fundamental concepts of catalysis by uncovering mechanistic pathways, intermediates and heterogeneities hidden in the ensemble average. It is thus reassuring that the Michaelis-Menten formalism, a pillar of enzymology, is upheld, if reinterpreted, even when visualizing single turnover events with a microscope focus.
CRT Typeface Design and Evaluation

Reading text from a video display screen is a relatively new modality of human communication. This new technology presents advantages and limitations never considered in the design of typefaces for printed communication. It is well known that people read faster from printed text than from a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT). This paper discusses some of the current work to improve CRT readability. Specifically, we have developed software to be used by a typography designer to design anti-aliased (or “grayscale”) CRT typefaces. A new anti-aliased typeface was designed and tested for readability. It was found that readability was significantly improved with this new typeface. This paper describes some of our recent work in this area. The typeface design software and examples of text rendered in a new typeface will be demonstrated on an analog color display.
Mass media preferences in disaster: A study of Hurricane Danny

Community residents (N=325) completed a survey which assessed their reliance on various media modalities (TV, Cable networks, Radio, Newspaper) in obtaining information/news during Hurricane Danny in July 1997. This unique major storm, which struck the Alabama-West Florida gulf coast, remained stationary for a period of three days and inundated the area with heavy rains. The results confirm prior research in the communication field on the media preferences of populations under stress during natural disasters. Language: en
Using person matching to predict career specialty choice

Abstract Person matching promotes career exploration and choice by linking persons to persons in occupations based on inventory profile score similarity. We examined the efficacy of the procedure for career specialty choice. Medical students (N = 196 women, 224 men) responded to the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) in their first year of training. After graduating and selecting a medical residency, members of a reference subgroup (n = 62) of the total sample were matched with members of a criterion subgroup (n = 358) based on 16PF score equivalencies determined by the D2 statistic. Person matching predicted medical specialty choice 43–60% of the time. Using broader specialty group categories and adding criterion persons increased the number of specialty matches. Additional refinement and analysis should enhance the efficacy of this idiographic approach as an alternative to nomothetic P–E matching for career exploration. Future research should examine person matching in terms of consequential validity.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate prevents tumor cell implantation/growth in an experimental rat bladder tumor model

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (Polyphenon E®) in comparison with mitomycin C (MMC) to prevent tumor cell implantation/growth in an animal model of superficial bladder cancer and search for possible mechanism(s) of action. Female Fisher 344 rats were used to study the effects of EGCG and mitomycin C for the prevention of transitional cell tumor implantation (AY-27). Twenty rats served as a control, tumor implantation and saline wash only. Sixty rats were treated with EGCG (100, 200 and 400 µM) intravesically for 60 or 120 min after tumor implantation. Thirty other rats were divided equally and pretreated with 400 µM EGCG or saline for 120 min before tumor initiation. In a separate series of experiments, 30 rats were treated 2 weeks after tumor initiation with saline or EGCG (400 µM). In a different experiment 39 rats were treated with: saline (n=10) EGCG (n=9) 400 µM, MMC (n=10) 0.5 µM, MMC (n=10) 400 µM. Rats were sacrificed 3 weeks following treatment. Gross and histological analyses were performed on the bladders. EGCG and mitomycin C prevented intravesical tumor growth in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EGCG pretreatment or treatment 2 weeks post tumor implantation did not have therapeutic effects. Molecular modeling suggests that EGCG inhibits urokinase and matrix metalloproteinase-9. EGCG prevents intravesical tumor implantation/growth with a slightly better efficacy than mitomycin C in this experimental model. The data suggest that EGCG lowers proteolytic activity and lowers probability of cancer cell implantation rather than direct cancer cell killing.
Enhancing the Role of Community‐Health Workers in Research

With recognition of the importance of meeting the needs of underserved communities and the shift to more primary care-community-health workers need to be part of health teams. Community-health workers, in voluntary and salaried positions, augment the roles of professionals through outreach and community-based work and serve as liaisons between communities and institutions. This article describes the rationale for inclusion of community-health workers in research; their roles and responsibilities; and issues in their selection, training, and supervision. Examples are given from the authors' experience with interventions by nurse and community teams. Inclusion of community-health workers enriches the comprehensiveness of a holistic scientific approach to understanding health in a community.
Raman investigation of the SUZ-4 zeolite

Abstract Forms of SUZ-4 zeolite containing different cations have been studied using Raman spectroscopy. The bands observed have been assigned to various modes of vibration involving the cationic template molecule and the zeolitic framework. The H + form of SUZ-4 showed bands at a very high frequency region of around 5000 cm −1 which were not observed in other cationic forms. These bands have been assigned to the electronic transition of the hydride ion. The very low frequency bands have been used to compare the mobility of various transition metal cations inside the zeolite and that of the fresh and aged zeolite. Raman spectroscopy in conjunction with 1-Propanamine adsorption was used as a probe for detection of Bronsted acid sites.
Optimal Dose and Duration of Exposure to Artificial Stimulants in Cryopreserved Human Spermatozoa

AbstractPurpose: Poor sperm motility after cryopreservation is associated with infertility. For any pharmacological stimulation to be of clinical value, its effect in enhancing motility and other motion characteristics should be maintained for at least 1 hour.Materials and Methods: Three motility stimulants (pentoxifylline, caffeine and 2-deoxyadenosine) were incubated with post-thaw semen samples from 11 healthy donors for 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes. The final concentrations used were 2.5 mM., 5 mM. and 10 mM. for pentoxifylline; 1 mM., 2 mM. and 5 mM. for caffeine, and 0.5 mM., 1 mM. and 2.5 mM. for 2-deoxyadenosine. Percent motility and changes in motion characteristics were measured on a computer assisted semen analyzer.Results: Compared to controls (0 minutes, no stimulant), an immediate increase in motility and other motion parameters was noted with all 3 stimulants. All stimulants caused a significant increase in percentage motility at all periods studied (p less than 0.01). Similarly, pentoxif...
SULF34: a QUICKBASIC program for calculating sulfur isotope distribution in log fO 2 -pH diagram

Abstract A QUICKBASIC program calculates the distribution pattern of δ 34 S values of aqueous H 2 S as a function of log fO 2 and pH, as well as other geochemical parameters, such as temperature, ion strength, and δ 34 S value of total sulfur in a hydrothermal system. This distribution pattern can be translated into a sulfur isotopic distribution pattern of sulfide (pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and galena) and sulfate (barite and anhydrite) minerals. Output data of this program can be used easily to construct a sulfur isotope contour in a log fO 2 -pH diagram, which is used widely to interpret the geochemical environment of hydrothermal mineralization.
Specific Androgen Receptor Activation by an Artificial Coactivator

Transcription activation of steroid receptors, such as the androgen receptor (AR), is mediated by coactivators, which bridge the receptor to the preinitiation complex. To develop a tool for studying the role of the AR in normal development and disease, we constructed artificial coactivators consisting of the transcription activation domains of VP16 or p65/RelA and the AR hinge and ligand-binding domain (ARLBD), which has been shown to interact with the AR N-terminal domain. The artificial VP16-ARLBD and ARLBD-p65 coactivators interacted with the AR N terminus and wild-type AR in an androgen-dependent and androgen-specific manner. VP16-ARLBD and ARLBD-p65 enhanced the AR transactivity up to 4- and 13-fold, respectively, without affecting the expression of the AR protein. The coactivators did not enhance the transcription activity of the progesterone receptor (PR) or the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), showing their specificity for the AR. In addition, to construct PR- and GR-specific coactivators, the VP16 activation domain was fused to the PR and GR hinge/ligand-binding domain. Although VP16-PRLBD and VP16-GRLBDinteracted with the C-terminal portion of steroid receptor coactivator-1, they did not enhance the transcription activity of their receptor. The presented strategy of directing activation domains or other protein activities into the DNA-bound AR complex provides a novel means of manipulating AR function in vitro and in vivo.
Multiple monitored electroconvulsive treatment

Summary A method of giving multiple electroconvulsive treatments at one sitting is described in which equipment is used for monitoring and recording EEG and EKG (MMECT). Advantages of safety and efficiency are discussed. Several theoretical questions are raised, and a concept of a neurophysiological fit switch is proposed.
Integrating cavity absorption meter: measurement results

Accurate measurement of the optical absorption coefficient for both pure and natural waters has been complicated by the effects of scattering particulates. A new absorption meter which eliminates the systematic effects of scattering has been developed. This device, hereafter referred to as the Integrating Cavity Absorption Meter or ICAM, offers the advantages of being simple, sensitive, rugged, and capable of In situ measurements. The theoretical basis is sound and well oc1 Five versions of the ICAM have been constructed, calibrated, and tested. Effects of scattering have been tested experimentally and have been found to be negligible up to very high concentrations. Very precise results for aqueous suspensions are obtained when the absorption of pure water is assumed and is used for the calibration. However, using a less rigorous calibration procedure the absolute absorption of pure water can also be obtained. The results for the absorption spectrum of pure water throughout the visible compare favorably with accepted values.
Modification of optical responses associated with the action potential of lobster giant axons.

Abstract The sources of optical retardation changes and light scattering changes occurring during the action potential propagation of lobster giant axons have been investigated. A technique has been developed for resolving the total transmitted-light intensity change into a retardation change component, d I r , and a forward direction light scattering change, d I s . Trypsin, pronase, neuraminidase and hyaluronidase all reduce the magnitude of d I r without diminishing the action potential, probably by cleaving charged saccharides. Dithiothreitol has no effect. This suggests that glycoproteins and hyaluronic acid polymers at the surface of the axon are involved in the optical responses, either by being passively realigned or by contributing to compression and expansion forces as the membrane electric field changes. Large d I s , responses are generated by trypsin and pronase treatment. The modifying effects of these proteases may be due to modification of the membrane or to increases in the refractive index of the medium surrounding the axon, since similar large d I s responses are produced by increasing the refractive index with sucrose. Since large reductions in d I r can be produced without concurrent reductions in the action potential, a significant portion of the optical retardation responses cannot be attributable to structural changes that are causally related to membrane ionic permeability changes during the action potential.
Use of a vesicular stomatitis virus complementation system to analyze respiratory syncytial virus binding.

Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can be difficult to manipulate in the laboratory because it produces a fragile, filamentous virion that does not bud efficiently from the cell surface and which is sensitive to purification. These properties have complicated the studies of RSV envelope protein–host cell interactions. In this paper, we have tested the ability of the RSV attachment protein, G, to complement virus attachment of a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔG*), which lacks any viral attachment protein. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect bound virus, VSVΔG* virions were shown to incorporate the RSV G protein and to bind to Hep-2 cells. Binding of RSV G protein-complemented VSVΔG* virus was inhibited by incubation with RSV-specific antibodies and by the addition of exogenous sulfated glycosaminoglycans, indicating that binding by the complemented virus exhibited the characteristics of RSV binding rather than those of VSV. These results demonstrate that complementation studies with VSVΔG* may be useful in virus–host interaction studies of the RSV G protein.
Kara Sea radionuclide inventory from naval reactor disposal

Abstract The ORIGEN2 computer code was used to estimate the quantities of radionuclides contained in naval reactors disposed in the Kara Sea. At the time of disposal the reactors contained 17 to 66 kCi of actinides, 1.7 to 4.8 MCi of fission products, and 0.9 to 1.1 MCi of activation products in reactor components and primary system corrosion products. The current inventory is 5.8 to 24 kCi of actinides, 0.49 to 0.54 MCi of fission products, and 120 to 130 kCi of activation products in reactor components and primary system corrosion products.
A comparative performance evaluation of DMT (OFDM) and DWMT (DSBMT) based DSL communications systems for single and multitone interference

Multicarrier modulation techniques have been proposed for digital subscriber line (DSL) applications. The performance of DMT (OFDM) and DWMT (DSBMT) techniques for single and multitone interference are investigated. It is shown that a DMT system is sensitive to the location of narrow band interference. The DMT technique needs additional narrow band interference canceller before the forward FFT transform for performance improvements. In the DSBMT technique, due to a limited spectral overlap between its subcarriers, single (multi)-tone interference could affect only a few subchannels which correspond to these interferences. The DSBMT has a superior performance than DMT.
Immune function in patients with chronic stable congestive heart failure

The objective of this study was to ascertain whether immune abnormalities were present in a group of patients with chronic stable heart failure at a time when sympathetic drive was not excessive. Elevated sympathetic tone not only plays an important role in the pathophysiologic characteristics of congestive heart failure but may also regulate certain aspects of immune function, which has been shown to be abnormal in patients with severe heart failure. Studies have indicated a high incidence of heterophil antibodies against constituents of the heart, the presence of antibody-mediated cytotoxicity against cultured heart cells, and a decrease in suppressor and natural killer-cell function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Lymphocytes were separated over a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. Lymphocyte subtypes and well as interleukin-2 receptors were detected by means of mouse monoclonal antibodies conjugated with fluorescein or phycoerytherin, and immunofluorescence was measured with a flow cytometer. Mitogen proliferation was assessed by tritiated thymidine incorporation in the presence of either conconavalin A or tetanus toxoid. Serum was used in conjunction with iodine 125-labeled iodopindolol binding to rat cardiac membranes to attempt to detect beta-receptor antibodies. In patients with ischemic (n = 21) and idiopathic (n = 16) cardiomyopathy, the norepinephrine levels were modestly elevated (idiopathic = 482 +/- 70 pg/ml; ischemic = 501 +/- 45 pg/ml) compared with control subjects without heart disease (n = 10; norepinephrine = 252 +/- 70 pg/ml). We found no differences in the number and subtypes of circulating lymphocytes in the three groups, and there was no serum inhibition of beta-binding to rat cardiac membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Transient analysis of lossy transmission lines in integrated circuits

A method is presented for computing time-domain signals in a network containing lossy transmission lines. Computing the transient signals in circuits with lossy transmission lines involves evaluation of certain convolution integrals at each time step. Each convolution integral requires the signal values from the initial time up to the current time. The author present a technique called the exponential convolution algorithm (ECA) that allows evaluation of a convolution integral at the current time step by using the result of convolution at the previous time step. This method is an improvement on the previous polynomial convolution algorithm (PCA) since the ECA allows arbitrarily long simulation time. Accuracy and speed tradeoffs are presented as well as examples of simulation results. >
Identification of a Mutation in DLX3 Associated with Tricho-Dento-Osseous (TDO) Syndrome

Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by abnormal hair, teeth and bone. The main clinical manifestations of TDO include taurodontism, enamel hypoplasia, kinky, curly hair at birth and increased thickness and density of the cranial bones. These pleiotropic clinical features suggest the role of a developmental gene modulating epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. We recently mapped the TDO locus to chromosome 17q21, a region that includes two members of the distal-less homeobox gene family, DLX3 and DLX7. In this paper we describe genomic cloning and sequencing of both human DLX3 and DLX7 and identification of a 4 bp deletion in human DLX3 which correlates with the TDO phenotype in six families. The observed mutation is predicted to cause a frameshift and premature termination codon, resulting in a functionally altered DLX3. This first report of a human mutation in the DLX genes is consistent with murine studies indicating their important role in the development of hair, teeth and bone.
Marketing Professional Services: Are Accounting Students Prepared?

ABSTRACT The marketing of professional services is different from marketing in other areas. Indeed, several “distinctive problems” of marketing professional services have been identified. In order to obtain evidence as to whether these “problems” apply to public accounting services and if current accounting graduates understand them, two surveys were conducted of chairpersons of accounting and marketing departments at AACSB accredited schools of business. The results indicate that respondents from both groups of chairs believe that the majority of the “problems” are concerns for the public accounting profession and that current accounting graduates should understand them. However, both groups appeared neutral as to whether current accounting graduates are exposed to many of these “distinctive problems.” It is difficult for students to understand and be prepared to deal with the issues, if they have not been exposed to them.
Metabolic and genetic determinants of HDL metabolism and hepatic lipase activity in normolipidemic females.

The metabolic and genetic determinants of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and HDL turnover were studied in 36 normolipidemic female subjects on a whole-food low-fat metabolic diet. Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein levels, lipoprotein size, and apolipoprotein turnover parameters were determined, as were genetic variation at one site in the hepatic lipase promoter and six sites in the apolipoprotein AI/CIII/AIV gene cluster. Menopause had no significant effect on HDL-C or turnover. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that HDL-C was most strongly correlated with HDL size, apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II), and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) levels, which together could account for 90% of the variation in HDL-C. HDL size was inversely correlated with triglycerides, body mass index, and hepatic lipase activity, which together accounted for 82% of the variation in HDL size. The hepatic lipase promoter genotype had a strong effect on hepatic lipase activity and could account for 38% of the variation in hepatic lipase activity. The apoA-I transport rate (AI-TR) was the major determinant of apoA-I levels, but AI-TR was not associated with six common genetic polymorphism in the apoAI/CIII/AIV gene cluster.A simplified model of HDL metabolism is proposed, in which A-I and apoA-II levels combined with triglycerides, and hepatic lipase activity could account for 80% of the variation in HDL-C.
Scanning holographic microscopy of three-dimensional fluorescent specimens

We demonstrate experimentally the three-dimensional reconstructions of fluorescent biological specimens using scanning holographic microscopy. Three-dimensional reconstructions with transverse resolution below about 1μm of transmission and fluorescence emission images are presented and analyzed. The limitations of the method are discussed.
DSM-5 and the Assessment of Functioning: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) has dropped the multiaxial diagnostic system and moved to a dimensional system of diagnostic classification. This change means that there is no longer a separate Axis V or specific diagnostic category for assessment of functioning. In addition, the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), the previously endorsed numerical rating scale used for assessment of functioning and reported on Axis V, has been eliminated. In its place, DSM-5 offers psychiatrists a new tool for assessment of global functioning and impairment, the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2.0). Any single global assessment of functioning rating scale inevitably has limitations. Nevertheless, the GAF has been widely used in clinical and research settings and has been adopted as meaningful by psychiatric, legal, administrative, and insurance systems and institutions. The changes in DSM-5 in regard to the conceptual and practical assessment of functioning and impairment raise many questions. In this article, I review the implications for forensic psychiatric evaluations of the changes in the recommended assessment of functioning in DSM-5.
The Influence of Changing Prey Availability on the Prevalence of Diphyllobothrium in River Otters from Yellowstone National Park

Abstract: Parasite prevalence in predatory mammals is influenced by numerous factors including diet, sex, season, and habitat. We examined the effect of such factors on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National Park. Otters in this ecosystem have recently experienced a decline in their main prey, Yellowstone cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri), and have, in turn, increased consumption of alternative foods. Helminths were found in 13.2% of otter fecal samples. The dominant parasite was a Diphyllobothrium sp. (Diphyllobothrium ditremum or Diphyllobothrium dendriticum), a cestode acquired from cutthroat trout. Truttaedacnitis truttae and Contracaecum spp. nematodes were incidental parasites in otter feces, and acanthocephalan eggs were found in 1 sample. The prevalence of trout remains and a Diphyllobothrium sp. in otter feces was higher during the cutthroat trout spawning season. A Diphyllobothrium s...
Meeting the Curricular Needs of Academically Low-Achieving Students in Middle Grade Mathematics

An important component of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards is the equity principle: All students should have access to a coherent, challenging mathematics curriculum. Many in the mathematics reform community have maintained that this principle can be achieved through one well-designed curriculum. However, the extant research on equity—which focuses on either ethnic diversity or academic achievement—suggests that this principle is illusive. The current study compares the effectiveness of two curricula in teaching a range of math concepts to 53 (28 male; 25 female) middle school students at risk for special education services in math. The yearlong, quasi-experimental study involved achievement and attitudinal measures. Results indicated that students in the intervention group who used materials designed according to instructional principles described in the special education literature achieved higher academic outcomes ( p < .05, p < .001) and had more positive attitudes toward math (p < .001) than did students in the comparison group.
Factors Influencing Stream Fish Recovery following a Large-Scale Disturbance

Abstract We examined fish distribution and abundance in erosional habitat units in South Fork Roanoke River, Virginia, following a fish kill by using a reachwide sampling approach for 3 species and a representative-reach sampling approach for 10 species. Qualitative (presence–absence) and quantitative (relative abundance) estimates of distribution and abundance provided consistent measures of fish recovery for 2 of 3 species at the reachwide scale and 8 of 10 species at the representative-reach scale. Combining results across scales and estimator types showed that distributions and abundances of 5 of 11 species in the Teach affected by the kill were similar to those observed in unaffected upstream and downstream reaches 8–11 months following the perturbation. Differences in distribution and abundance between the affected Teach and unaffected reaches indicate that 4 of 11 species had not fully recovered during the same time period; results were equivocal for 2 other species. We attribute differences in rec...
Measurement of self-reported HIV risk behaviors in injection drug users: comparison of standard versus timeline follow-back administration procedures.

Abstract This study compares the frequencies of retrospective self-reported HIV high-risk drug use and sexual behaviors in 127 out-of-treatment injection drug users using the HIV Risk Questionnaire (HRQ) across two administration methods: (a) a brief standard quantity–frequency approach covering the past 30 days and (b) a lengthier timeline follow-back (TLFB) procedure for improving recall. The two procedures produced similar frequencies of risk behavior across most items (80%) and good intra- and interclass correlation coefficients. The TLFB, however, resulted in higher frequencies for two risk behavior questions—sharing of any drug injection equipment and having any type of unprotected sex. The TLFB is a well-established procedure for retrospective assessment of HIV risk behavior and a good choice when precision in measuring these behaviors is a primary focus of the work. In contrast, the brief HRQ-Standard interview procedure appears to be a reasonable choice for clinical, research, and health-related surveys where the primary focus is broader than HIV risk behavior.
Global Brand Architecture Position and Market-Based Performance: The Moderating Role of Culture:

Abstract Companies expend vast resources to create product and brand portfolios in the global marketplace. Yet knowledge of the market-based performance implications of various positions in a firm's portfolio architecture is lacking in the literature. To further the understanding of managing brands in the global marketplace, the authors develop a conceptual framework based on the tenets of signaling theory, explore the relationship between global brand architecture and market-based performance, and consider how culture moderates this relationship. The results of the analyses, from a panel data set of 165 automotive brands operating in 65 countries from 2002 to 2008, reveal that global brands perform better in the marketplace than their nonglobal counterparts. Cultural values indeed provide boundary conditions for this relationship, suggesting that alternative strategies for some markets may be advisable.
Using convex nonlinear relaxations in the global optimization of nonconvex generalized disjunctive programs

In this paper we present a framework to generate tight convex relaxations for nonconvex generalized disjunctive programs. The proposed methodology builds on our recent work on bilinear and concave generalized disjunctive programs for which tight linear relaxations can be generated, and extends its application to nonlinear relaxations. This is particularly important for those cases in which the convex envelopes of the nonconvex functions arising in the formulations are nonlinear (e.g. linear fractional terms). This extension is now possible by using the latest developments in disjunctive convex programming. We test the performance of the method in three typical process systems engineering problems, namely, the optimization of process networks, reactor networks and heat exchanger networks.
Ionic conductivity of YSZ/CZO multilayers with variable lattice mismatch

Heterostructured multilayers have been controversially reported to alter the oxygen ion conductivity of solid electrolytes by inducing interfacial mechanical strain. Here, we fabricated thin film multilayers composed of 9 mol% Y2O3 doped ZrO2 (YSZ) and Ce1−xZrxO2 (CZO) to systematically quantify the effects of tensile strain on the oxygen-ion conduction behavior in YSZ. A significant advantage of using CZO is that its lattice parameter can be continuously varied by adjusting the Ce/Zr atomic ratio, simplifying the strain control over the neighboring YSZ layers. Three different sets of multilayers composed of YSZ with CeO2, or with Ce0.70Zr0.30O2 (CZO30), or with Ce0.55Zr0.45O2 (CZO45) were prepared on Al2O3 substrates with interfacial lattice mismatch of +5.2%, +3.7%, and +2.9%, respectively. When decreasing the individual layer thicknesses from 35 nm to 5 nm, all of the multilayers exhibited little change of the conductivity, with values consistently near that of bulk YSZ. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the interfacial strains were largely relaxed. Suggestions that multilayers are unable to effect ionic conductivity changes must therefore consider the difficulties in obtaining lattice mismatch-based elastic strain, even at <3% mismatch.
Clinical applications of melatonin in circadian disorders.

Chronobiological disorders and syndromes include seasonal affective disorder (SAD), total blindness, advanced and delayed sleep phase syndrome, jet lag, and shift work maladaptation. These disorders are treated by adjusting circadian phase, using appropriately timed bright light exposure and melatonin administration (at doses of 0.5 mg or less). In some cases, it may be necessary to measure internal circadian phase, using the time when endogenous melatonin levels rise.
Consequence of the gravitational self-force for circular orbits of the Schwarzschild geometry

A small mass {mu} in orbit about a much more massive black hole m moves along a world line that deviates from a geodesic of the black hole geometry by O({mu}/m). This deviation is said to be caused by the gravitational self-force of the metric perturbation h{sub ab} from {mu}. For circular orbits about a nonrotating black hole we numerically calculate the O({mu}/m) effects upon the orbital frequency and upon the rate of passage of proper time on the world line. These two effects are independent of the choice of gauge for h{sub ab} and are observable in principle. For distant orbits, our numerical results agree with a post-Newtonian analysis including terms of order (v/c){sup 6}.
The Case of the Appropriation Artist

The author briefly discusses the issue of using another's photograph in a new artistic work, and whether or not this could be justified under the fair use doctrine or current copyright law, and the possibility of being sued by the owner of the original photo that was used. As an example, the author discusses the case of Jeff Koons v. Andrea Blanch, and how the courts looked upon the use of the original photo in the new work to determine the outcome of that case.
Megalyra baltica Poinar and Shaw n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Megalyridae), a long-tailed wasp from Baltic amber

The wasp family Megalyridae includes eight living genera of presumed idiobiont ectoparasitoids, most of which are associated with relict primary tropical forests (Shaw 1990b, 2006). Their biology is poorly known except for a few species. Their behavior and host range appear to be diverse since one Australian species, Megalyra fasciipennis Westwood, parasitizes cerambycid beetle larvae in wood, while the much smaller Australian M. troglodytes Naumann parasitizes sphecid wasp larvae in mud nests on vertical rock faces (Shaw 1990a). The long ovipositor of many Megalyra species, as well as the phylogenetic analysis of Shaw (1990b), suggests that parasitism of immature wood-boring beetles is the ancestral and more generalized behavior for the genus. It is presumed that ancient megalyrids, like many of their modern descendants, would have been attracted to dead and dying beetle-infested trees, where they might become trapped in sap flows, and eventually fossilized as amber inclusions.