cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Female Mice are Resistant to Fabp1 Gene Ablation-Induced Alterations in Brain Endocannabinoid Levels

Although liver fatty acid binding protein (FABP1, L-FABP) is not detectable in the brain, Fabp1 gene ablation (LKO) markedly increases endocannabinoids (EC) in brains of male mice. Since the brain EC system of females differs significantly from that of males, it was important to determine if LKO differently impacted the brain EC system. LKO did not alter brain levels of arachidonic acid (ARA)-containing EC, i.e. arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), but decreased non-ARA-containing N-acylethanolamides (OEA, PEA) and 2-oleoylglycerol (2-OG) that potentiate the actions of AEA and 2-AG. These changes in brain potentiating EC levels were not associated with: (1) a net decrease in levels of brain membrane proteins associated with fatty acid uptake and EC synthesis; (2) a net increase in brain protein levels of cytosolic EC chaperones and enzymes in EC degradation; or (3) increased brain protein levels of EC receptors (CB1, TRVP1). Instead, the reduced or opposite responsiveness of female brain EC levels to loss of FABP1 (LKO) correlated with intrinsically lower FABP1 level in livers of WT females than males. These data show that female mouse brain endocannabinoid levels were unchanged (AEA, 2-AG) or decreased (OEA, PEA, 2-OG) by complete loss of FABP1 (LKO).
A robust platform-independent gene signature for single-sample breast cancer subtyping

The first step in personalizing therapy for a breast cancer patient is to assign the patient to the appropriate subtype. At present this is done through immunohistochemistry (IHC) which is both expensive as well as wasteful of tumor material. Moreover, error rates can be as high as 20%. In this paper, we propose a new approach to the subtyping of breast cancer patients by using data-driven “reference genes” so that the classification can be carried out for one patient at a time, and across multiple platforms. The validity of the proposed approach is established by training a binary classifier on the TCGA breast cancer data set measured on an Agilent platform, and then applying this classifier to five independent test data sets, on both the Agilent as well as the Affymetrix platforms. In all cases, the results are excellent.
COST, ACCESS, AND QUALITY IN ONLINE NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH PROFESSIONS

Northwest Technical College researched, planned for, and has successfully implemented a unique delivery of its Practical Nursing Program through the use of Internet technology. This Distance Practical Nursing exploratory paper presents a historical overview of the program, assesses job market needs in the field of nursing, evaluates use of varying delivery methodologies, outlines program successes, and identifies barriers to distance delivery of this health curriculum. The essential components of quality, access, and cost are highlighted and related to the unique challenges they present in the field of distance education.
Computational Prediction of RNA-Protein Interactions

Experimental methods for identifying protein(s) bound by a specific promoter-associated RNA (paRNA) of interest can be expensive, difficult, and time-consuming. This chapter describes a general computational framework for identifying potential binding partners in RNA-protein complexes or RNA-protein interaction networks. Protocols for using three web-based tools to predict RNA-protein interaction partners are outlined. Also, tables listing additional webservers and software tools for predicting RNA-protein interactions, as well as databases that contain valuable information about known RNA-protein complexes and recognition sites for RNA-binding proteins, are provided. Although only one of the tools described, lncPro, was designed expressly to identify proteins that bind long noncoding RNAs (including paRNAs), all three approaches can be applied to predict potential binding partners for both coding and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs).
Removing Impediments to Sustainable Economic Development: The Case of Corruption

This paper examines causes and consequences of corruption within the process of economic development. It starts by reviewing some of the factors that, over the past couple of decades, have transformed corruption from a subject on the sidelines of economic research to a central preoccupation of policy makers and donors in many countries. Drawing on a vast treasure trove of experiences and insights accumulated during the postwar period and reflected in a growing body of academic research, the paper analyzes many of the institutional mechanisms that sustain corruption and the impact of corruption on development. This paper argues that many forms of corruption stem from the distributional attributes of the state in its roleas the economy's central agent of resource allocation. What is the impact of corruption on public finances and on the characteristics and performance of the private sector? What distortions does corruption introduce in the allocation of resources and in the relationships among economic agents in the marketplace? The paper also addresses the question of what can be done about corruption and discusses the role of economic policies in developing the right sorts of incentives and institutions to reduce the incidence of corruption. Particular attention is paid to business regulation, subsidies, the budget process, international conventions, and the role of new technologies. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the moral dimensions of corruption.
Effect of Thiamin Oxidation on Thermal Formation of Meaty Aroma Compounds

Thiamin (vitamin B1), a sulfur-containing component, is considered a potential precursor for meat flavor. Thiamin can be oxidized to thiochrome in the presence of oxidants or under basic conditions. Conversion of thiamin to thiochrome stabilizes the chemical structure of thiamin. Hydrogen peroxide effectively converted thiamin to thiochrome at pH 7.0 and 9.5; the conversion rates were 8% and 30%, respectively. Without hydrogen peroxide incubation, the conversion rates were 0.6% and 1% at pH 7.0 and 9.5, respectively. At pH 1.5, the conversion rate was 0% with or without hydrogen peroxide incubation. The formation of thiochrome considerably reduced the yield of thermal degradation compounds. Even though hydrogen peroxide did not convert thiamin to thiochrome at pH 1.5, it significantly changed the volatile profile obtained from thiamin degradation. Thermal degradation of thiochrome at pH 1.5, 7.0, and 9.5 showed that thiochrome is a stable compound and is not a good volatile contributor. These results suggest conversion of thiamin to thiochrome can be achieved in the presence of the oxidant, hydrogen peroxide at neutral to basic conditions. Oxidation can significantly reduce the intensity of volatile compounds derived from thiamin degradation, and consequently, affect the overall flavor of foods
How Industry Interacts with Federal Laboratories

(1991). How Industry Interacts with Federal Laboratories. Research-Technology Management: Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 22-25.
Dosimetric effects of incorrect jaw settings in cranial radiosurgery

A small circular field used in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is obtained using a cone accessory attached to a LINAC. Such beam modification requires that the LINAC jaws be set to a specific size must be explicitly made by the LINAC operator. Given that treatment planning systems are commissioned with correct jaw settings, it is difficult to quantify the leakage dose to the patient when the jaw setting is larger than recommended. There are documented cases indicating that the resulting overexposure can lead to long-term disability and death. This study quantifies the dose differences between correct and incorrect jaw settings by simulating a realistic treatment plan using a LINAC with a circular cone accessory. Calculations were based on a realistic treatment plan for right side trigeminal neuralgia delivering 90 Gy using a 6 MV (4 mm cone) beam with 7 arcs. The calculated doses to target and normal tissue with jaws set correctly (5×5 cm2) and incorrectly (settings ranging from 10×10 cm2 to 20×20 cm2) were then compared. Incorrect jaw settings resulted in an increase in the target dose of less than 6%. This implies that pre-treatment QA based only on point dose measurements at the isocenter will not detect jaw setting errors. However, extremely high doses (g 25 Gy) occurred 5 cm away from the isocenter. For example, dose to 50% of the volume, D50, in the eyes increased from 15 cGy with the correct jaw setting to 5318 cGy with an incorrect jaw setting of 20×20 cm2. D50 in the brain increased from 27 cGy with the correct jaw setting to 4335 cGy for a setting of 20×20 cm2. The leakage radiation is shown to originate beyond the outer edge of the beam limiting cone (outer radius=5 cm). Leakage dose can reach 15%, 40%, and 60% of target dose when incorrect jaw settings of 10×10 cm2, 15×15 cm2 and 20×20 cm2 are used in the beam delivery.
Advanced process and defect characterization methodology to support process development of advanced patterning structures

This paper discusses the approach and solution adopted by GLOBALFOUNDRIES, a high volume manufacturing (HVM) foundry, for dry-etch related edge-signature surface particle defects issue facing the sub-nm node in the gate-etch sector. It is one of the highest die killers for the company in the 14-nm node. We have used different approaches to attack and rectify the edge signature surface particle defect. Several process-related & hardware changes have been successively implemented to achieve defect reduction improvement by 63%. Each systematic process and/or hardware approach has its own unique downstream issues and they have been dealt in a route-cause-effect technique to address the issue.
Validating the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) computerized adaptive tests for upper extremity fracture care.

Background Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) for patient-reported outcomes (PROs) is a developing area within orthopedic surgery. Our objective was to validate the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) CATs for upper extremity fracture care. We sought to correlate PROMIS with legacy PROs and to investigate floor and ceiling effects. Methods Patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of upper extremity trauma were prospectively enrolled. Legacy PROs included the visual analog scale for pain, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, the University of California-Los Angeles Shoulder Rating Scale, the Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. PROMIS CATs included Physical Function (PROMIS PF), PROMIS Pain Interference (PROMIS Pain), and PROMIS Upper Extremity (PROMIS UE). Correlations between the PROs were calculated as were the absolute and relative floor and ceiling effect. Results The study prospectively enrolled 174 patients with upper extremity trauma. There was moderate to high correlation between PROMIS UE CAT and legacy upper extremity-specific PROs (ρ = 0.42-0.79), and high correlation between the PROMIS PF CAT and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary (ρ = 0.71, P Conclusion PROMIS PF, Pain, and UE correlate well with legacy PROs in a upper extremity trauma population, with less absolute floor or ceiling effects. This study provides preliminary evidence for the utility of PROMIS CATs in upper extremity trauma patients.
Improved design optimization of efficient matching networks for capacitive wireless power transfer systems

Matching networks are an efficient means of providing large voltage and/or current gain and reactive compensation in high-frequency wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper introduces an improved approach to designing matching networks for capacitive WPT systems, which maximizes the network efficiency while achieving the required overall gain and compensation. The proposed approach identifies the optimal number of matching network stages, the optimal distribution of gains and compensation among these stages, and the optimal air-gap voltage. The proposed approach is used to design the matching networks for a high-performance 6.78-MHz 250-W 1.2-cm air-gap prototype capacitive WPT system. The prototype system achieves a power transfer density of 51.4 kW/m2 and an efficiency of 90.4%, which matches well with the theoretical prediction.
Design Methodology for Partial Volumes of Internal Curing Water Based on the Reduction of Autogenous Shrinkage

AbstractHistorically, the use of internal curing began with a low water-to-cement ratio (w/c) and high-strength concrete. More recently, the benefits of reduced autogenous shrinkage and improved hy...
Chalcopyrite CuIn(S1-xSex)2 for Photoelectrocatalytic H2 Evolution: Unraveling the Energetics and Complex Kinetics of Photogenerated Charge Transfer in the Semiconductor Bulk

Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGS) chalcopyrites and their derivatives are potential candidates for use in photoelectrochemical (PEC) H2 generation because of their well-matched solar absorption properties and agreeable band positions relative to the water reduction redox potential. In this work, we present the photoelectrochemical characterization and H2 evolution performance of the highly tunable anion CIGS derivative series CuIn(S1–xSex)2. The photocathodes were subjected to Mott–Schottky analysis and chopped-light irradiation to determine their flat band potential. With excellent agreement between the two techniques, the flat band potentials were determined to increase successively with increasing x in CuIn(S1–xSex)2, with all band positions possessing appropriate energetics for the thermodynamic requirement of reducing H2O to H2. The photocathodes were then subjected to identical bulk H2 evolution conditions for 10–12 h, maintaining ∼90% faradaic efficiency. The rates of photoelectrocatalysis were found to vary...
Absence of WAF1 Mutations in a Variety of Human Malignancies

A newly cloned gene named wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 (WAF1; also known as p21, Pic-1, Cip-1, or SDI1) is directly regulated by p53 and can itself suppress tumor cell growth in culture. Induction of expression of WAF1 may be an important means by which cells with DNA injury arrest their growth to repair DNA or undergo apoptosis. Based on the hypothesis that mutations of this gene may play a role in carcinogenesis, we have studied 351 DNAs from 14 kinds of malignancies, as well as 36 human transformed cell lines, for alterations of WAF1 gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction amplification of the DNA coding region of the WAF1 gene. No abnormal band shifts of WAF1 were noted in any of the samples or cell lines, but three major variants in exons 2 and 3 of the gene were found that are consistent with the existence of two different DNA polymorphisms. Sequence analysis of the amplified products producing these three variants in each exon from normal DNAs confirmed the presence of the polymorphisms in the WAF1 gene. Of 290 selected tumor samples previously evaluated for p53 mutations by single-strand conformation polymorphism, 90% had no detectable p53 alterations. In summary, mutations within the coding portion of the WAF1 gene were undetectable in a large series of human tumors, many of which had a normal p53 gene. This suggests that WAF1 alterations are generally caused indirectly, through p53 mutations rather than through intragenic mutation of the WAF1 itself.
Roles and teams hedonic games

We have introduced a new model of hedonic coalition formation game, which we call Roles and Teams Hedonic Games (RTHG) (Spradling et al. 2013). In this model, agents view coalitions as compositions of available roles. An agent's utility for a partition is based upon which role she fulfills within the coalition and which roles are being fulfilled within the coalition. The major contributions of the paper include designing the RTHG model, with its corresponding stability and (NP-hard) optimization criteria, designing a heuristic partitioning algorithm and local search algorithm, implementation and testing.
Transition to Detonation - Role of Explosion within an Explosion

A survey of experimental and analytical results is used to show that detonation-deflagration transition, direct or blast initiation as well as the steady propagation of detonation waves all involve explosions within explosions. Even the steady propagation of a detonation is shown to be an inherently unsteady process. The Zel’dovitch criterion for direct initiation is used to show how combustible mixtures can become sensitized by gas dynamic and physical processes until even a small random disturbance is sufficient to set off an explosion within an explosion which, in turn, can lead to the initiation of a detonation. The ability to predict the onset of detonation requires a more complete understanding of the “Explosion within an explosion”.
β-Aminoacrylate Synthetic Hydrogels: Easily Accessible and Operationally Simple Biomaterials Networks

The development of new material platforms can improve our ability to study biological processes. Here, we developed a water-compatible variant of a click-like polymerization between alkynoates and secondary amines to form β-aminoacrylate synthetic polyethylene glycol (PEG) based hydrogels. These materials are easy to access-PEG alkynoate was synthesized on a 100 gram scale and the amines were available commercially; these materials are also operationally simple to formulate-gel formation occurred upon simple mixing of precursor solutions without the need for initiators, catalysts, nor specialized equipment. Three-dimensional cell culture experiments also indicated cytocompatibility of these gels with >90 % viability retained in THP-1 and NIH/3T3 cells after 72 hours in culture. This hydrogel system therefore represents an alternative platform to other click and click-like hydrogels with improved accessibility and user-friendliness for biomaterials application.
A Theoretical Examination of Immigrant Status and Substance Use among Latino College Students

ABSTRACTDrawing on survey data from a sample of Latino college students, we examine the generalizability of social learning theory, general strain theory, social bond theory, and self-control theor...
Use of Parental Racial Socialization with African American Toddler Boys

In this qualitative pilot study, 12 self-identified African American parents (six mother-father dyads, ages 25-43) shared (via in-depth, in-person interviews) culturally relevant socialization beliefs, practices and goals for raising their toddler boys (ages 12–33 months). Transcript analysis focused on understanding the prevalence of and rationale for racial socialization (i.e., messages addressing the significance and meaning of race and ethnicity), the specific content of those messages, and the methods and modes by which parents use racial socialization and/or plan to use it with their toddler sons. Results indicated parents of toddlers engaged in common racial socialization tenets varyingly, including cultural socialization, preparation for bias, and egalitarianism. However, promotion of mistrust was a tenet not typically engaged in by parent participants. The importance of elucidating the culturally-influenced context of parenting (specifically, the engagement in racial socialization) for caregivers of this young age group are discussed.
Does conversion from a minimally invasive to open procedure hurt the patient, the surgeon's ego, or the healthcare system?

Dr. Fourdrain and colleagues have presented an interesting article that attempts to answer if intraoperative conversion to thoracotomy from a video-assisted thoracoscopic approach is harmful to patients. It is an important question, and few if any articles have attempted to answer it. This question has clinical value as well—if intraoperative conversion is harmful and leads to poorer patient outcomes, if it adds operative time and expense, or if the surgeon skill set or patient anatomy indicates that intraoperative conversion is more than likely—should the surgeon just start off open?
Simple Model for Spatial Coherence of Light at the Output of a Multimode Fiber

A model for the spatial coherence function of a partially coherent light produced at the output of a step-index multimode fiber excited with a spatially coherent broadband source is developed. The field is represented as a sum of coherent and partially coherent parts, the former being a fully developed speckle and the latter is described by a “Jinc” degree of coherence and uniform intensity over the core of the fiber. The model correctly describes all available experimental data, including global degree of coherence, and is intuitive and simple.
An item response theory analysis of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version: Developing a screening form that informs understanding of self-reported psychotic-like experiences in childhood.

The Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Child Version (PQ-BC) has been developed as a tool for identifying psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in school-age children. The current study examined the psychometric properties of the PQ-BC, examined how well the PQ-BC estimates the latent construct of PLEs (θ), and began the process of developing a screening form informed by item response theory (IRT). Utilizing the baseline (N = 11,129) sample from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, we examined which PQ-BC items provide the most information and best discriminate individuals experiencing PLEs. Using hierarchical linear models (HLMs), we found that θ scores were significantly associated with several previously identified predictors of psychosis spectrum symptoms (i.e., history of psychosis, internalizing symptoms, cognitive impairments, developmental milestone delays, and resting-state functional connectivity impairments) at baseline and Year 1 (n = 5,532). Using item-level information and discrimination parameters of the PQ-BC from the baseline sample, we created a 7-item screening form. HLMs generally found significant associations between screening form scores for both baseline and Year 1 with the aforementioned predictors. The analyses provide evidence for the validity of a screening form derived from the PQ-BC using IRT-derived parameters. This screening form could prove useful when the full measure is not feasible. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Multimodel Ensemble Projection of Hydro-climatic Extremes for Climate Change Impact Assessment on Water Resources

Projected changes in climatic extremes, compared to the mean climate, exhibit a greater negative impact on the natural environment. Several studies reported that multi-model ensemble approach can improve the reliability of hydro-climatic extreme projection by extracting important information from a large number of general circulation models (GCMs). However, most of the available multi-model assembling methods do not consider both the spatial and temporal variabilities. Thus, this study reflects both the spatial and temporal climate characteristics during multi-model averaging through the Taylor diagram skill metrics. The capability of the proposed multi-model assembling approach was evaluated for reproducing the multitude of climate extreme indices. Moreover, the reliability of a multi-model assembling approach was assessed for preserving the maximum variability of the GCMs output. In general, the results showed that multi-model assembling approach outperformed the individual climate models for reproducing the hydro-climatic extremes; however, it artificially corrupted and narrowed the projected climate extremes variability of the GCMs output. Thus, it is worthwhile to consider both the individual climate models and multi-model ensemble projections toward an improved projection of hydro-climatic extremes. In general, the study proved that the impacts of climate change on the hydro-climatic extremes are more amplified compared to the changes in mean climate. Hence, this study suggests that meaningful efforts should be put in the future to proactively manage the risks of climate extremes.
Attractive scenario for light dark matter direct detection

Direct detection of light dark matter (DM), below the GeV scale, through electron recoil can be efficient if DM has a velocity well above the virial value of $v\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. We point out that if there is a long range attractive force sourced by bulk ordinary matter, i.e., baryons or electrons, DM can be accelerated towards the Earth and reach velocities $v\ensuremath{\sim}0.1$ near the Earth's surface. In this ``attractive scenario,'' all DM will be boosted to high velocities by the time it reaches direct detection apparatuses in laboratories. Furthermore, the attractive force leads to an enhanced DM number density at the Earth, facilitating DM detection even more. We elucidate the implications of this scenario for electron recoil direct detection experiments and find parameters that could lead to potential signals, while being consistent with stellar cooling and other bounds. Our scenario can potentially explain the recent excess in electron recoil signals reported by the XENON1T experiment in the $\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{keV}$ energy regime as well as the hint for nonstandard stellar cooling.
Programmed cell death in alcohol-associated liver disease

Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), which ranges from mild disease to alcohol-associated hepatitis and cirrhosis, is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence reveals that programmed cell death (PCD) plays a crucial role in progression of ALD involving crosstalk between hepatocytes and immune cells. Multiple pathways of PCD, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, are reported in ALD. Interestingly, PCD pathways are intimately linked and interdependent, making it difficult to therapeutically target a single pathway. This review clarifies the multiple types of PCD occurring in liver and focuses on crosstalk between hepatocytes and innate immune cells in ALD.
Self-Organizing Maps for identification of zeolitic diagenesis patterns in closed hydrologic systems on the Earth and its implications for Mars

Abstract We have conducted a survey of zeolite occurrences in saline-alkaline paleolake deposits on Earth to identify the most prominent zeolite alteration patterns and to characterize the most common authigenic minerals and their paragenetic relationships. We collected the bulk mineral assemblages (from previous and our studies) as identified by X-ray diffraction from zeolitic tuff beds and associated sedimentary beds from thirteen paleolake deposits from the USA, Mexico, Greece, and Tanzania. We applied the Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to look for interesting patterns in the tuff bed mineral assemblages without prescribing any specific interpretation, and for information reduction and classification. Decision Tree (DT) method was applied to characterize these clusters. We were able to define clear class boundaries between fresh glass, non-analcime zeolites, analcime, and K feldspar. The non-analcime zeolites were further grouped into several classes based on mineral type. We also discuss the potential implications for Mars, showing that the mineral assemblages of diagenetic facies identified by SOM and DT can be used to test or validate the orbital, in situ, or modeling results, while the trained SOM provides a robust generalized ability to classify the new mineral assemblage data into the most common diagenetic facies identified in saline-alkaline paleoenvironments that contain zeolites. The study concludes that generalizing the complex geochemical behaviors using unsupervised statistical learning methods can help to identify the most prominent geochemical behaviors.
Relocating from neoliberal way to democracy drive: Addressing identity in/as place

Communicating Identity, Intercultural Communication, Organizational Communication.The goals of this unit are to stimulate communal, group-oriented thinking and to prompt civic engagement. By the en...
Radiation Shielding Effectiveness of Additively Manufactured Antenna-on-Package for Space Environments

The interest in space exploration by the private sector has been growing rapidly in recent years, along with business models to profit from long-duration space activities. Additive manufacturing in-space (ISM) plays an essential role in long-term space exploration mission sustainability based on on-demand production and recycling of materials. One important issue for electronics in space is their interaction of charged particles which affects the materials’ mechanical properties when exposed to the radiation environment of space. This paper reports the effectiveness of radiation shielding 3D-printed ABS and carbon fiber filled nylon composite for short-time exposure. Since carbon fiber filled nylon composite has better shielding effectiveness, a two-layer coupled-fed 3D-printed microstrip antenna is presented for antenna-on-package applications, where the antenna can be used as a radiation shielding element. The fabricated antenna resonates at 5.88 GHz, exhibiting a 10 dB return-loss bandwidth of 5.5 %. A low-cost radiation shielding effectiveness measurement technique is presented, along with the results for ABS and carbon fiber filled nylon composite.
Effective Regulation of Entrepreneurs and Their Associations for Sustainable Development

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to develop a scientific and methodological platform to ensure effective regulation of the activities of entrepreneurs and their associations for sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach: The effectiveness of indirect regulation of sustainable development (through the management of the activities of entrepreneurs and their associations) is assessed not only from the point of view of public benefits, but also from the benefits for entrepreneurs themselves, as well as focusing on the costs of enterprises and their associations, devoting state expenditures to the background. The lost profit of entrepreneurship from corporate responsibility is also taken into account. Findings: A scientific and methodological framework has been established to ensure effective regulation of the activities of entrepreneurs and their associations for sustainable development. Scientific and methodological recommendations are proposed that allow assessing the effectiveness and achieving high efficiency in state regulation of the activities of entrepreneurs, cluster associations of entrepreneurs, associations of entrepreneurs on the basis of special economic zones and associations of entrepreneurs on the basis of technology parks and innovative networks. Originality/value: Thanks to the proposed proprietary scientific and methodological recommendations, it is possible to develop and implement a flexible policy of state regulation of entrepreneurship for sustainable development. The specificity of measures of indirect (through entrepreneurship) state regulation of sustainable development and the need to take into account the specifics of regulatory objects—entrepreneurs and their various associations are also justified.
Aerodynamic Loads Induced by a Rotor on a Body of Revolution

A wind-tunnel investigation was conducted in which aerodynamic loads were measured on a small-scale helicopter rotor and a body of revolution located close to it as an idealized model of a fuselage. The objective was to study the aerodynamic interactions as a function of forward speed, rotor thrust, and rotor/body position. Results show that body loads, normalized by rotor thrust, are functions of the ratio between free-stream velocity and the hover-induced velocity predicted by momentum theory.
CARDIODYNAMIC STUDIES IN THE NEWBORN III. Heart Rate Patterns in Infants with Idiopathic Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Patterns of instantaneous heart rate were studied in 74 premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. Half (50.3%) of the recordings showed this finding during the course of the disease. It was found most frequently during the first 24 hours after birth. This finding is reversed in recovering infants. Based on present data, persisting fixation of the heart rate in an infant with idiopathic respiratory distress appears to be indicative of a poor prognosis, whereas the presence or return of fluctuations in the recording of such an infant may permit a more favorable outlook.
Sequence-based fungal identification and classification.

Identification and classification of fungi from clinical samples are important for antifungal susceptibility testing and epidemiological investigation. Sequence-based molecular techniques are increasingly used in the identification and taxonomy characterization of fungal infections. Phenotypic characteristics used for the recognition and classification of fungi are those that are either easily observed or measured, or a combination of both. An ultimate goal of fungal classification is to draw inferred phylogenetic relationships. In brief, it is sequencing by synthesis, and it is based on the synthesis of cDNA from PCR amplicons. DNA targets that have been used for fungal identification and classification include rDNA, cytochrome b, β-tubulin, calmodulin, enolase, chitin synthase, heat shock protein, and other housekeeping and functional genes. The increased use of gene sequences to recognize different clades within traditional medically important species emphasizes the importance of using sequence data in contrast to species-specific probes to identify particular fungal species. Clinical laboratories are under increasing pressure to provide rapid identification and classification of fungal infections due to the growing number of immunocompromised patients that are susceptible to fungal infection, and the availability of targeted antifungal agents. Sequencing and database comparison of PCR amplicons coupled with phylogenetic methods provide a robust strategy for species recognition, especially for uncommon and emerging pathogenic fungi.
Enzymic and immunochemical properties of lysozyme. XIX. Definition of the direction and conformational restrictions of the antigenic site around the disulfide bonds 64-80 and 76-94 (site 2) by 'surface-simulation' synthesis.

Abstract We have previously shown that an antigenic reactive site is situated in native lysozyme around the disulfide bonds 64–80 and 76–94 and we also established that the site comprised the spatially contiguous surface residues: Trp-62, Lys-97, Lys-96, Asn-93, Thr-89 and Asp-87. The identity of the site was confirmed by the ‘surface-simulation’ synthetic approach that we recently devised in which the aforementioned six residues were linked directly via peptide bonds into a single peptide (Phe-Gly-Lys-Lys-Asn-Thr-Asp) with an intervening spacer where appropriate and substituting tryptophan by phenylalanine. The peptide does not exist in native lysozyme but simulates a surface region of the protein. In the present work, several surface-simulation synthetic peptides were synthesized in order to investigate the conformational restrictions of the site and to determine if the spatially constructed antigenic site has a preferred ‘direction’. The results showed that the above peptide possessed the maximum inhibitory activity towards the lysozyme immune reaction and, remarkably, accounted quantitatively for the maximum expected reactivity of the site (i.e. about a third of the total antigenic reactivity of lysozyme). An immunoadsorbent of the peptide also removed about a third of the total lysozyme antibodies. The antigenic site exhibited restricted conformational freedom. Deletion of the glycine spacer between phenylalanine and lysine had a vastly detrimental effect on the immunochemical reactivity of the peptide. Furthermore, when the above sequence was reversed the immunochemical reactivity of the resultant peptide was drastically decreased with goat antisera but was unchanged with rabbit antisera. The antigenic site therefore exhibits a preferred ‘direction’ towards the goat antisera and none towards the rabbit antisera tested. The site describes a line which encircles part (27.3 A in extended Ca-to-Ca distance from Trp-62 to Asp-87) of the surface of the native molecule.
ENHANCEMENT OF STAINING INTENSITY IN THE FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY REACTION.

Abstract : A method was developed for enhancing the staining intensity of bacterial smears treated with fluorescent antibody. The procedure involved the substitution of carbonate-bicarbonate buffer pH 9.0 for phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.2 in the washing of slide preparations and in buffering the glycerol mounting medium. A marked in crease in fluorescent brightness was obtained with all dilutions of homologous conjugate employed with three test strains (Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus, and Serratia marcescens).
Isolation of rhizobia from preserved nodules.

During 1951 and 1952 various leguminous plants from the grounds, gardens, and greenhouses of Vassar College were collected and examined for the presence of root nodules. On the day of collection nodules were plated with medium # 79 (Fred and Waksman, 1928). Nodules from soybeans, clover, peas, beans, alfalfa, lespedeza, hairy vetch and birdsfoot trefoil contained viable rhizobia. On the same day, the remaining nodules were washed with running water; excess root tissues and stems were removed; and nodules were drained on filter paper. Each set of nodules was divided into three parts. Two groups were placed in sterile test tubes or jars, and covered with sterile mineral oil. One jar or test tube was then stored in the refrigerator and the other left at room temperature. The third group was placed in sterile test tubes or jars and stored in a deep freeze cabinet. In 1953, 1 to 2 years after collection, samples of all nodules were examined for the presence of viable rhizobia. Mineral oil was removed from nodules by washing with 70 per cent alcohol. Half of all nodules were washed with 1:1000 mercuric chloride for 30 seconds, followed by washing in 70 per cent alcohol for 30 seconds, and finally rinsed with sterile water three times. The remaining portion of all the nodules was washed with sterile water three times. Washing with mercuric chloride reduced the number of contaminants appearing in plates, but did not reduce the number of colonies of rhizobia. After washing, the nodules were placed in Petri dishes containing sterile water. The nodules were crushed and a crude dilution series was prepared by transferring two loops of the mixture of crushed nodule and water from the first Petri dish to a second. A third dilution was prepared in the same manner. Six media were used for the isolations: # 79, #79 plus 1: 80,000 crystal violet, # 79 plus 1:15,000 rose
Dissection of Schizotypy and Dissociation in Depersonalization Disorder

ABSTRACT The relationship between dissociation and psychosis-proneness remains controversial to this day. We investigated this relationship in Depersonalization Disorder, a primary dissociative disorder, hypothesizing that the constructs of schizotypy and dissociation would be distinguishable. Forty-eight depersonalization disorder (DPD) and 22 healthy comparison (HC) participants were administered measures of schizotypy (Perceptual Aberration Scale, Magical Ideation Scale) and dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale). The DPD group had significantly higher schizotypy scores than the HC group. However, when DPD participants with Axis II disorders were excluded, the remaining “pure” DPD group (N = 22) exhibited higher perceptual aberrations but comparable magical ideations to the healthy group. Within the “pure” DPD group, dissociation and schizotypy scores were not significantly correlated. We conclude that schizotypy was readily distinguishable from dissociation in the current sample. Greater attent...
Formulation, stability, and computation of traffic network equilibria as projected dynamical systems

In this paper, we present a unified treatment and analysis of a dynamic traffic network model with elastic demands formulated and studied as a projected dynamical system. We propose a travel route choice adjustment process that satisfies the projected dynamical system. Under certain conditions, stability and asymptotical stability of the equilibrium patterns are then derived. Finally, two discrete-time algorithms, the Euler method and the Heun method, are proposed for the computation of the solutions, and convergence results established. The convergence results depend crucially on stability analysis. The performance of the algorithms is then illustrated on several transportation networks.
An Institutional Theory of Public Bads Regulation: Political Parties, Electoral Rules, and Environmental Policy

We examine the relationship between voter preferences and political party platforms with respect to the regulation of externalities from private transactions. We begin with the argument that electoral rules, in particular those that determine whether voters focus on individual candidates or parties, are an important element of whether party platforms focus on targeting policies for specific constituency groups or for more diffuse societal benefits. To get their preferred policies, party elites must obtain and retain the support of a legislative majority; these dual goals require them to structure party platforms to appeal to both voters and incumbent legislators in their coalition. Which voters they target and how they win incumbents' support depends on electoral rules: candidate-centered rules motivate parties to target policy goals toward specific constituencies, while party-centered rules make it more attractive to tout policy meant to benefit broader constituencies. We formalize our argument, then test it using data on environmental regulation in the US and elsewhere. Environmental regulation is a particularly apt policy area for this study because the immediate benefits from exploiting natural resources accrue to property owners and extracting companies, while costs generally accrue to property owners and to society at large. While the costs to the property owners normally are internalized in the extraction contract, the diffuse costs are externalities that are internalized only to the extent that they are covered by government regulation. We thus expect greater environmental regulation where electoral rules focus voter attention on parties rather than individual candidates, independent of the true preferences of voters for or against regulation. While many existing studies have argued that some countries enact more regulations because of public support for environmental regulation, we argue that electoral institutions also play an important and conceptually independent role in understanding the regulatory variation across countries.
Estructura de los sonidos del español by PIÑEROS, CARLOS–EDUARDO

The article reviews the book "Estructura de los sonidos del espanol," by Carlos-Eduardo Pineros.
Galatowitsch, Susan M. Ecological Restoration.

The field of restoration ecology is still relatively young. Not until the early 1980s did it receive a name, and later that same decade the field gained its first academic journals and a profession...
The First U.S. President from Missouri, March 4, 1849

In these days of an historic presidential election, it may be fitting to recall the election of 1848 when the term of James Knox Polk expired and Zachary Taylor - "Old Rough and Ready" - was elected the President of the United States.This short article relates the trivia story of one of Missouri Senators - David Rice Atchison, who acted as President of the United States for a very short period of time because President Taylor declined to be sworn in on a Sunday because of his religious scruples. Since Senator Atchison, as President of the Senate, was next in line for the office, Atchison served as President until Taylor took the oath of office. This article deals with the period prior to the civil war - the era of "manifest destiny" and how Atchison served as a short-term President of the United States.
Genetic analysis of the pAD1 hemolysin/bacteriocin determinant in Enterococcus faecalis : Tn917 insertional mutagenesis and cloning

Thirty-seven nonhemolytic/nonbacteriocinogenic mutations in Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis plasmid pAD1 were generated by Tn917 insertion. All were found to belong to one of two complementation classes. Each class of mutants secreted either hemolysin/bacteriocin (Hly/Bac) component A or L into the culture medium. DNA encoding Hly/Bac was cloned in Escherichia coli in which both components of the hemolysin were expressed individually and collectively. The region encoding components A and L was further defined by deletion analysis and physically mapped. A total of approximately 8.4 kilobases of pAD1 DNA were observed to be required for hemolysin expression. Hly/Bac activity of the wild-type and the inactive L substance was observed to be heat stable. Active Hly/Bac resulting from incubating separately secreted components A and L was also found to be heat stable. The results indicate that component A activates component L and that activated component L possesses the Hly/Bac activity. Component A was also observed to be associated with host immunity to the Hly/Bac.
Working in the virtual office: Providing information and knowledge to remote workers

Telecommuting is becoming a common work option for knowledge workers with benefits for both employers and employees. In an information age, where information itself is key to performing work tasks, understanding how telecommuting knowledge workers find, use, and depend on information is key to good management. This article reports on four case studies of companies where special librarians and corporate information managers support their remote professional clients through research services as well as offering information products and services. Through interviews and a survey the study examined alignment between managers' perceptions of the information needs of telecommuters and information needs and services as seen by the telecommuters themselves.
Fracture Analysis of Alginate Gels

: The fracture properties of alginate gels were investigated using torsion and compression. The gel fracture stress correlated with Ca2+ and alginate concentration, whereas the fracture strain was insensitive to composition. Considering the relationship of fracture stress with gel network crosslink density and the energy to break covalent and noncovalent bonds, the fracture of alginate gels is hypothesized to result from the disruption of junction zones. Consequently, the fracture stress was the stress required to overcome electrostatic forces that formed junction zones. The fracture stress-strain relationship for alginate gels can be described by the Blatz, Sharda, adn Tschoegl (BST) equation, suggesting that for a given gel, the fracture strain can be predicted based on fracture stress, small-strain shear modulus, and a fitted parameter describing nonlinearity of the gel. In addition, the fracture properties were affected by deformation rate. The influence of deformation rate on fracture was ascribed to structural changes among the alginate junction zones.
Rapid Manual Abilities in Spasmodic Dysphonic and Normal Female Subjects

This study quantitatively examined upper extremity motor performance in 18 spasmodic dysphonic females, in comparison to matched normal controls, across variables of finger lift reaction time, inde...
Analytical solution for a mixture of a newtonian fluid and granules in hydrodynamic bearings

Abstract Using the theory of mixtures, the flow of particulate solids added to a newtonian base lubricant is analyzed in a slider bearing geometry. The governing equations and appropriate boundary conditions are derived which incorporate a slip condition for the particles at the boundary. Assuming that the solid volume fraction across the film gap is distributed uniformly, closed-form analytical solutions are obtained for the velocity distribution and surface shear stress of the solid phase. For the fluid phase perturbation solutions up to ϵ2 order are obtained for the pressure and surface shear stress. Results are presented for the pressure, shear stress, load-carrying capacity and friction coefficients for the mixture flow in a two-dimensional slider bearing.