cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
mTOR Signaling Feedback Modulates Mammary Epithelial Differentiation and Restrains Invasion Downstream of PTEN Loss

Oncogenic signaling pathways are tightly regulated by negative feedback circuits and relief of these circuits represents a common mechanism of tumor drug resistance. Although the significance of these feedback pathways for signal transduction is evident, their relevance for cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in a genetically defined context is unclear. In this study, we used isogenic benign mammary organotypic cultures to interrogate the role of mTOR-mediated negative feedback in the specific setting of PTEN inactivation. We found that mTOR signaling promoted basal-like differentiation and repressed nuclear hormone receptor expression after short-term PTEN loss in murine cell cultures analyzed ex vivo. Unexpectedly, we found that PTEN inactivation inhibited growth factor-induced epithelial invasion and that downstream mTOR-mediated signaling feedback was both necessary and sufficient for this effect. Mechanistically, using isogenic MCF10A cells with and without somatic PTEN deletion, we showed that mTOR inhibition promoted EGF-mediated epithelial invasion by derepressing upstream EGF receptor, SRC tyrosine kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. In addition to offering new signal transduction insights, these results bring to light a number of important and potentially clinically relevant cellular consequences of mTOR inhibition in the specific context of PTEN loss, including modulation of hormone and growth factor responsiveness and promotion of epithelial invasion. Our findings prompt future investigations of the possibility that mTOR inhibitor therapy may not only be ineffective but even deleterious in tumors with PTEN loss. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5218–31. ©2013 AACR.
Peripheral arterial duplex scanning

Recent improvements in duplex ultrasound technology now permit the application of duplex ultrasound to the assessment of arterial occlusive disease from the level of the aorta to the popliteal trifurcation. In our laboratory we have developed duplex waveform criteria for classifying peripheral arterial stenosis into one of five categories: normal, 1%-19% stenosis, 20%-49% stenosis, 50%-99% stenosis and occlusion. When prospectively compared with angiography the duplex examination has a 77% sensitivity and a 98% specificity in determining the presence of a hemodynamically significant lesion (greater than 50% stenosis). The examination can be used clinically to give hemodynamic information about specific arterial lesions, as a screening procedure prior to angiography or angioplasty and as a means of following the results of peripheral arterial surgery and dilatations.
The Core Competency Movement in Marriage and Family Therapy: Key Considerations From Other Disciplines

There is a growing movement to define competency within the field of marriage and family therapy (MFT), particularly with respect to the training of practitioners and the evaluation of clinical practice. Efforts to define competency, however, transcend the practice of MFT and much can be learned from the experiences of other disciplines. Professions such as education, law, and medicine have made strides toward addressing the complex issue of competency standards in their respective fields. This article describes some ways in which the issue of competency has been approached in other professions, as well as some common dilemmas posed by adopting a competency-based orientation, to shed light on the process of defining competency in MFT. Moreover, this article identifies some of the more useful conceptualizations, modes of pedagogy, and evaluative practices found in other professions.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of aquatic and terrestrial plants of the San Francisco Bay estuarine system

We report measurements of seasonal variability in the C-N stable isotope ratios of plants collected across the habitat mosaic of San Francisco Bay, its marshes, and its tributary river system. Analyses of 868 plant samples were binned into 10 groups (e.g., terrestrial riparian, freshwater phytoplankton, salt marsh) to determine whether C-N isotopes can be used as biomarkers for tracing the origins of organic matter in this river‐marsh‐estuary complex. Variability of d 13 C and d 15 N was high (;5‐10‰) within each plant group, and we identified three modes of variability: (1) between species and their microhabitats, (2) over annual cycles of plant growth and senescence, and (3) between living and decomposing biomass. These modes of within-group variability obscure any sourcespecific isotopic signatures, confounding the application of C-N isotopes for identifying the origins of organic matter. A second confounding factor was large dissimilarity between the d 13 C-d 15 N of primary producers and the organicmatter pools in the seston and sediments. Both confounding factors impede the application of C-N isotopes to reveal the food supply to primary consumers in ecosystems supporting diverse autotrophs and where the isotopic composition of organic matter has been transformed and become distinct from that of its parent plant sources. Our results support the advice of others: variability of C-N stable isotopes within all organic-matter pools is high and must be considered in applications of these isotopes to trace trophic linkages from primary producers to primary consumers. Isotope-based approaches are perhaps most powerful when used to complement other tools, such as molecular biomarkers, bioassays, direct measures of production, and compilations of organic-matter budgets.
Alarm call responsivity of mallard ducklings: II. Perceptual specificity along an acoustical dimension affecting behavioral inhibition.

Mallard ducklings (Anas platyrhynchos) inhibit their vocal and locomotor behavior upon hearing the maternal alarm call. An important acoustic feature of the call that affects such inhibition is the slow repetition rate of the notes. This study assesses the range of repetition rates that affect behavioral inhibition in 1-day-old domestic mallard (Peking) ducklings. Four hundred and fifty maternally naive ducklings were tested in groups of 30 to repetition rates ranging from .2 to 3.0 notes/sec in 2/10-sec increments. Various behavioral measures (i.e., incidence of inhibition, latency and duration of inhibition) revealed that the optimal range of repetition rates affecting inhibition extends from .8 to 1.8 notes/sec. Within this range, 1.0 and 1.6 notes/sec are particularly effective. The efficacy of these particular 2 rates may reflect their correspondence with the rates of the modal alarm call and certain kinds of self-produced embryonic vocalizations, respectively. Unexpectedly, very slow repetition rates (.2 and .4 notes/sec) are not as effective as faster rates in promoting inhibition. Thus, the inhibitory response exhibited by ducklings upon hearing the alarm call reflects auditory perceptual specificity to a range of moderately slow repetition rates that are characteristic of normally occurring sounds of the perinatal environment.
CapZ and actin capping dynamics increase in myocytes after a bout of exercise and abates in hours after stimulation ends

The time course of the response and recovery after acute activity seen in exercise is not well understood. The goal of this work is to address how proteins of the thin filament (actin and its cappi...
Dual-Career Couples' Career Transitions and Normative Dilemmas A Preliminary Assessment Model

A review of the literature indicates few concepts to assess dual-career couples during counseling. Limitations of past definitions and theories of career development are discussed in the context of the complexity of the dual-career life-style. New definitions are proposed to increase knowledge about the dual-career couple as a special group in career development. A preliminary assessment model is presented focusing on the normative dilemmas of dual-career couples. Develop-mental areas and normative dilemmas in careers, gender roles, and marriage-family are discussed in the context of 23 career transitions. Normative themes related to dual-career couple dilemmas are then enumerated. The assessment model promotes greater understanding of how career events affect interpersonal-family relationships as well as how these relationships affect a couple's career development. Implications of the assessment model for counseling dual-career couples and conducting future research are discussed.
Storage Optimization through Offset Assignment with Variable Coalescing

Most modern digital signal processors (DSPs) provide multiple address registers and a dedicated address generation unit (AGU) which performs address generation in parallel to instruction execution. There is no address computation overhead if the next address is within the auto-modify range. A careful placement of variables in memory is utilized to decrease the number of address arithmetic instructions and thus to generate compact and efficient code. The simple offset assignment (SOA) problem concerns the layout of variables for machines with one address register and the general offset assignment (GOA) deals with multiple address registers. Both these problems assume that each variable needs to be allocated for the entire duration of a program. Both SOA and GOA are NP-complete. In this article, we present effective heuristics for the simple and the general offset assignment problems with variable coalescing where two or more non-interfering variables can be mapped into the same memory location. Results on several benchmarks show the significant improvement of our proposed heuristics compared to other heuristics in the literature.
Permeability of Various Hybrid Composites Subjected to Extreme Thermal Cycling and Low-velocity Impacts

This experimental exploratory study investigates the effects of embedding a ‘barrier’ layer within a graphite/epoxy composite during manufacture on reducing the permeability after thermal cycling and low velocity impact events. The baseline composite material was an eight ply graphite/epoxy system. Barrier layer candidates include aluminized Mylar®, aluminum foil, and two β-Ti 15-3 films. Cryogenic thermal cycling was performed on the hybrid composites and control composites to determine if the interleaved composites exhibited reduced permeability after thermal cycling as compared to the controls. Drop-weight impact tests were performed on the hybrids and controls to determine the effect of interleaving on the critical impact energy of the graphite/epoxy composites. The results of this research suggest that the addition of an embedded barrier layer can increase a graphite/epoxy composite’s resistance to low-velocity impacts, which cause permeation. This research indicates that hybrid composites are promis...
Role of oxidants in DNA damage. Hydroxyl radical mediates the synergistic DNA damaging effects of asbestos and cigarette smoke.

The mechanism by which cigarette smoking and asbestos exposure synergistically increase the incidence of lung cancer is unknown. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke and asbestos might synergistically increase DNA damage. To test this hypothesis we exposed isolated bacteriophage PM2 DNA to cigarette smoke and/or asbestos, and assessed DNA strand breaks as an index of DNA damage. Our results supported our hypothesis. 78 +/- 12% of the DNA exposed to both cigarette smoke and asbestos developed strand breaks, while only 9.8 +/- 7.0 or 4.3 +/- 3.3% of the DNA exposed to cigarette smoke or asbestos, respectively, developed strand breaks under the conditions of the experiment. Our experimental evidence suggested that cigarette smoke and asbestos synergistically increased DNA damage by stimulating .OH formation. First, significant amounts of .OH were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in DNA mixtures containing both cigarette smoke and asbestos, but no .OH was detected in mixtures containing cigarette smoke alone or asbestos alone. Second, the .OH scavengers, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), mannitol, or Na benzoate decreased both .OH detection by EPR and strand breaks in DNA mixtures exposed to cigarette smoke and asbestos. Third, the H2O2 scavenger, catalase, and the iron chelators, 1,10-phenanthroline and desferrithiocin, decreased both .OH detection and strand breaks in DNA mixtures exposed to cigarette smoke and asbestos. These latter findings suggest that iron contained in asbestos may catalyze the formation of .OH from H2O2 generated by cigarette smoke. In summary, our study indicates that cigarette smoke and asbestos synergistically increase DNA damage and suggests that this synergism may involve .OH production.
Type-II interband cascade lasers in the 4.3-4.7-/spl mu/m wavelength region

Operation of type-II interband cascade lasers in the 4.3-4.7-/spl mu/m wavelength region has been demonstrated at temperatures up to 240 K in pulsed mode. These lasers fabricated with 150-/spl mu/m-wide mesa stripes operated in continuous-wave (CW) mode up to a maximum temperature of 110 K, with an output power exceeding 30 mW/f and a threshold current density of about 41 A/cm/sup 2/ at 90 K. The maximum CW operation temperature of 110 K is largely limited by the high specific thermal resistance of the 150-/spl mu/m-wide broad area lasers. A 20-/spl mu/m-wide mesa stripe laser was able to operate in CW mode at higher temperatures up to 125 K as a result of the reduced specific thermal resistance of a smaller device.
A novel phase-noise compensation scheme for communication receivers

A novel phase-noise (PHN) compensation method is proposed in this paper. The proposed approach uses the information provided by an additional signal path that is added with modest hardware overhead to better estimate the PHN. In this signal path, the oscillator output is self-downconverted to the baseband by mixing itself with a delayed and conjugated replica, so as to provide PHN information that is free from data modulation. A joint prediction and smoothing Wiener filter can then be employed to obtain the minimum mean-squared error estimate of the PHN. There are generally two types of PHN models commonly used in the literature: stationary PHN and Wiener PHN. Both types of PHN are considered in this paper. Adaptive schemes are also presented using the least-mean square algorithm and recursive least-square algorithm. Simulations of a 64-quadrature amplitude modulation receiver confirm the analysis results of the PHN estimation performance, and show that the proposed method can improve the receiver performance significantly over the conventional schemes.
Konoe Fumimaro: A Political Biography

In this fascinating biography Oka Yoshitake examines the life and times of this enigmatic man, hereditary prince and sophisticated courtier. A man deeply dedicated to Japan's imperialist mission, Konoe played a pivotal role in the infamous China War and the militarist years leading up to the Pearl Harbor attack. Professor Oka describes Konoe's idealism and sincerity, as well as the flaws which made this popular politician "a tragic failure" as a political leader.
Fair spatial TDMA channel access protocols for multihop radio networks

The issues of fairness are considered in designing time division multiple access (TDMA) channel access protocols for multihop radio networks. It is shown that there is a limitation as to how fair one can design a channel access protocol for a static multihop radio network. Several fairness measures which are functions of the channel access protocol and the network topology are proposed. It is shown that to find the optimal protocol with respect to any defined fairness measure is NP-hard. Criteria for designing a fair protocol which are independent of the network topology are introduced and their properties are proved. A lower upper bound of one of the measures is found. Two heuristic protocols are developed based on these criteria. Performance comparisons with existing protocols are given. >
Investigating the potential for cryopreservation of human granulocytes with concentrated glycerol.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential for cryopreservation of granulocytes using 30% glycerol. Recently reported permeability data was used to design two different methods for addition and removal of glycerol: a fast method that is predicted to keep cell volumes between 80% and 150% of the isotonic volume and a slow method that is predicted to keep cell volumes between 80% and 115% of the isotonic volume. The fast method resulted in cell recoveries of 31% ± 9% and 11% ± 3% before and after freezing, respectively, whereas the slow method resulted in even lower cell recoveries of 5% ± 2% and 4% ± 2%. The reduced cell recovery for the slow method is consistent with an increase in damage as a result of glycerol toxicity. Our results suggest that cryopreservation of granulocytes in concentrated glycerol is not feasible.
Confirmation of Bosutinib Structure; Demonstration of Controls To Ensure Product Quality

Nonbranded/unauthorized vendors had been manufacturing/selling what they described as bosutinib, while the material supplied was actually an isomer of bosutinib. This raised concerns within the worldwide research community around the established control strategies for bosutinib. This manuscript summarizes that the appropriate testing was in place to ensure product quality, along with additional experimentation that was performed to confirm that testing (methods) can differentiate the potential isomeric compounds. Testing includes the use of IR for identity confirmation of raw materials, material characterization by NMR, single crystal X-ray to confirm structure, and evaluation of several potential isomers by HPLC, melting point, and IR, thus demonstrating the control strategy needed to ensure the product controls.
Dose of Mannitol for Increased Intracranial Pressure

We read with interest the recent article on Reye9s syndrome by Shaywitz et al1 with its excellent treatment protocol. The article, however, contains a serious error in the dose of mannitol given, both in Table 3 and in the text. The dose of 0.25 to 1 mg/kg/dose is far too low and should have read 0.25 to 1 gm/kg/dose, in accordance with the dose in current use.
Chapter 8 – Kell blood group system

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the Kell blood group system. The terminology, expression, database accession numbers, and the carrier molecule related to the Kell blood group system are also reviewed. The Kell blood group was named in 1946 after the first antibody producer (Kelleher) of anti-K that caused HDN. The carrier molecule is a single-pass red blood cell (RBC) membrane glycoprotein (type II) that is highly folded via disulphide bonds. In the RBC membrane Kell glycoprotein is covalently linked at Cys72 to the Cys347 of the XK protein. The function and disease association of the Kell blood group system is also reviewed. Kell glycoprotein is an endothelin-3-converting enzyme, preferentially cleaving big endothelin-3, a 41 amino acid polypeptide, at Trp21-Ile22, creating bioactive endothelin-3, a potent vasoconstrictor. Kell, in common with all zinc endopeptidases, shares a pentameric sequence, HEXXH, which is central to zinc binding and catalytic activity.
Modernization and the Family: A Theoretical Analysis

Modernization theory argues that familism entails a tradi- tional or parochial orientation that inhibits economic progress. Informed by critiques of this approach by dependency and world-system theorists and drawing on a case study of Italian immigrants to Louisiana at the turn of the twentieth century, this study argues that familism can be a progressive force which facilitates economic accumulation and upward mobility under certain social conditions. This theoretical analysis also calls into question character- izations of the family as primarily a unit of consumption in modern society. Here the role of the family as a production unit is examined and three types of familial cooperation are identified. In addition, some conditions under which familism can promote economic accumulation are discussed. It is argued that traditional sociological theories of the family failed to take into account this progressive role of familism because these theories tended to ignore the experiences of minority groups in their conceptual schemes. Modernization theory argues that familism entails a traditional or parochial orientation that inhibits economic progress. This study shall use existing theo- retical critiques of modernization theory to develop a somewhat different under- standing of the role of familism in economic development. Whereas critiques of modernization theory by both dependency theorists and world-system ap- proaches have focused on macro- rather than microlevel concerns, we intend to demonstrate the usefulness of these critiques for understanding how familism is capable of fostering economic rationality and capital accumulation under certain social conditions. Hence, we shall examine the family in modern industrial soci- eties not only as a unit of consumption, but also as a unit of production. Finally, we shall argue that traditional sociological theories of the family have failed to take into account the important role of familism in production and capital accumula- tion because these approaches tend to ignore the experiences of minority groups in their conceptual schemes. First, however, in order to develop our own theo-
(It's) All about the Mother: Scarred Memories and Amnesic Bodies in Rosa Montero's La hija del caníbal

AbstractRosa Montero's novel La hija del canibal (1997) presents the female body as a metaphor for a scarred, traumatized and amnesic Spanish culture that struggles to come to terms with its painful past and uncertain future. More specifically, Montero treats the maternal body not only as a locus of shame and suffering, marked by lack and repression, but also as a site of anxiety—even monstrosity—, ambivalence and innovation. Most explorations of La hija del canibal astutely address the strained relationship that exists between the father and daughter referenced in the title. Nevertheless, this article examines the problematic nature of the mother-daughter relationship and its intersections with the traumatic memories and the scarred body of the protagonist. As we shall see, it is the mother's ageing body and fate that disturb the daughter, who in her middle age finds it difficult to distinguish her own aging physique, professional and sentimental blunders, and life-experiences from those of her progenito...
Establishing a Risk-Based Separation Standard for Unmanned Aircraft Self Separation

Unmanned Aircraft Systems require an ability to sense and avoid other air traffic to gain access to civil airspace and meet requirements in civil aviation regulations. One sense and avoid function is self separation, which requires that aircraft remain "well clear." An approach is proposed in this paper to treat well clear as a separation standard, thus posing it as a relative state between aircraft where the risk of collision first reaches an unacceptable level. By this approach, an analytically- derived boundary for well clear can be derived that supports rigorous safety assessment. A preliminary boundary is proposed in both time and distance for the well clear separation standard, and recommendations for future work are made.
A simple method for continuous measurement of the volume of cells in suspension

A simple electrical method for continuous monitoring of the volume of cells in suspension is described. The procedure consists of placing cells in a medium containing an impermeant quaternary ammonium ion, such as tetramethylammonium (TMA), which behaves as an extracellular volume marker, and monitoring the activity of this ion with a quaternary ammonium ion-specific minielectrode. Changes in the activity of the cell impermeant TMA ion in the extracellular medium quantitatively reflect movements of water into, or out of, cells and, therefore, provide a direct measure of alterations in cell volume. A direct linear relation between the fractional decrease in rat red blood cell volume and the fractional increase in medium osmolality was observed using this method. The osmotically active water volume of these red blood cells, calculated from the slope of this relationship, was 73.6 +/- 0.7% of total cell volume, a value similar to that defined by other techniques. This method should be easily adaptable for use with virtually any type of separated cell, including epithelial cells.
Formation and Development of Pediatric Pharmacy in China

AIM: To review the formation and forecast the development of pediatric pharmacy in China. METHODS: Toreview the forming course of and affecting factors on pediatric pharmacy in China and to make and approach to the tactics inthe development of pediatric pharmacy that is facing to the 21st century. RESULTS AVD CONCLUSIOV : We consider thatpediatric pharmacy in China has a solid foundation and will attain a yet more rapid development in the coming century.
A stochastic programming approach to reduce patient wait times and overtime in an outpatient infusion center

ABSTRACTChemotherapy infusion treatments for cancer have significant and unpredictable variability in duration. This variability can have negative impact on operations – both patient wait time and staff overtime – if not managed well. From an appointment scheduling optimization perspective, this problem has a unique structure because a single server (a nurse) attends to multiple customers (patients) at one time. Based on our observations at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMCCC) and collaborations with clinicians there, we present a two-stage stochastic integer program for designing patient appointment schedules under uncertainty in treatment times. The objective is to minimize a trade-off between expected patient wait times and expected total time required to treat patients. We show that solving this optimization problem exactly requires a prohibitive computational time, so we develop a heuristic algorithm to find approximate solutions. We also present an approach to compute lower...
Renal handling of phosphate following release of ureteral obstruction.

The handling of phosphate by the kidney following release of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was investigated in intact and thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) dogs, and compared to that in the kidney following unilateral release of bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO). By contrast to the kidney after release of BUO, the kidney following release of UUO showed a much lower fractional excretion (FE) of phosphate in TPTX animals (BUO 21.5 +/- 6.8%; UUO 1.3 +/- 0.5%) and a blunted phosphaturic response to PTH (BUO delta + 25.8%; UUO delta + 2.6%). Administration of cyclic AMP, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors and ammonium chloride failed to correct the hypophosphaturia or the blunted response to PTH. Raising the filtered load of phosphate, however, raised the FE of phosphate in TPTX dogs in the kidney after release of UUO to levels comparable to those in BUO (BUO 21.5 +/- 6.8%; UUO 21.8 +/- 5.1%) and restored the responsiveness to PTH (BUO 49.0 +/- 8.2%; UUO 39.7 +/- 10%). When reabsorptive capacity (RC) was calculated during stepwise increments of serum phosphate, an additional difference was identified between the kidney after release of UUO on the one hand, and the control kidney and the kidney after release of BUO on the other: RC for phosphate was 294 +/- 66 micrograms/min . kg in UUO, 130 +/- 16 micrograms/min . kg in control, and 62 +/- 19 micrograms/min . kg in BUO. It is concluded that, in addition to the role of reduced filtered load of phosphate, an increased capacity to reabsorb phosphate is responsible in part for the hypophosphaturia observed in the kidney following release of UUO.
Gene knockouts that affect Sertoli cell function

In this chapter, I first briefly summarize genes that play an essential role in normal Sertoli cell development and function. These genes were identified through gene knockout (KO) studies. These KO mouse models demonstrate that Sertoli cells indeed serve as the “master conductor” for “the symphony of spermatogenesis.” Although progress in Sertoli-cell-specific KO studies has been limited, next-generation genome-editing technologies bring the hope that in the future, most, if not all, of the Sertoli-cell-expressed genes will be selectively inactivated in Sertoli cells and their phenotypes will be thoroughly characterized. Ultimately, the molecular networks that operate Sertoli cells will be defined through gene KO studies, and the knowledge learned will help us further understand the biology of reproduction.
A Proactive Data Bundling System for Intermittent Mobile Connections

As mobile and wireless technologies become more pervasive in our society, people begin to depend on network connectivity regardless of their location. Their mobility, however, implies a dynamic topology where routes to a destination cannot always be guaranteed. The intermittent connectivity, which results from this lack of end-to-end connection, is a dominant problem that leads to user frustration. Existing research to provide the mobile user with a mirage of constant connectivity generally presents mechanisms to handle disconnections when they occur. In contrast, the system we propose in this paper provides ways to handle disconnections before they occur. We present a data bundling system for intermittent connections (DBS-IC) comprised of a stationary agent (SA) and a mobile agent (MA). The SA proactively gathers data the user has previously specified, and opportunistically sends this data to the MA. The SA groups the user-requested data into one or more data bundles, which are then incrementally delivered to the MA during short periods of connectivity. We fully implement DBS-IC and evaluate its performance via live tests under varying network conditions. Results show that our system decreases data retrieval time by a factor of two in the average case and by a factor of 20 in the best case
Enantioselective Synthesis of Allenes by Catalytic Traceless Petasis Reactions

Allenes are useful functional groups in synthesis as a result of their inherent chemical properties and established reactivity patterns. One property of chemical bonding renders 1,3-substituted allenes chiral, making them attractive targets for asymmetric synthesis. While there are many enantioselective methods to synthesize chiral allenes from chiral starting materials, fewer methods exist to directly synthesize enantioenriched chiral allenes from achiral precursors. We report here an asymmetric boronate addition to sulfonyl hydrazones catalyzed by chiral biphenols to access enantioenriched allenes in a traceless Petasis reaction. The resulting Mannich product from nucleophilic addition eliminates sulfinic acid, yielding a propargylic diazene that performs an alkyne walk to afford the allene. Two enantioselective approaches have been developed; alkynyl boronates add to glycolaldehyde imine to afford allylic hydroxyl allenes, and allyl boronates add to alkynyl imines to form 1,3-alkenyl allenes. In both c...
Contemporary Incidence, Management, and Long-Term Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Coronary Artery Total Occlusions: Insights From the VA CART Program

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the contemporary incidence of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) and the success rates of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as the complications and long-term outcomes of these patients. Background The contemporary prevalence and management of coronary CTOs is understudied. Methods Consecutive veterans undergoing coronary angiography at 79 Veterans Affairs sites between 2007 and 2013 were examined. Detailed baseline clinical, angiographic, and follow-up outcomes were evaluated using national data from the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking program. Results Among 111,273 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, 29,399 (26.4%) had ≥1 CTO, most commonly in the right coronary artery distribution (n = 18,986 [64.6%]). Elective CTO PCI was attempted in 2,394 patients (8.1%), with a procedural success rate of 79.7%. The odds of CTO PCI success increased over the years of the study (odds ratio: 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.16; p = 0.03). Compared with failed CTO PCI, successful CTO PCI was associated with a decreased adjusted risk for mortality (hazard ratio: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.95; p = 0.02) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (hazard ratio: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.24; p Conclusions Approximately 1 in 4 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiography had CTOs. Among patients who went on to elective CTO PCI, the success rate was 79.7%. Compared with failed CTO PCI, successful CTO PCI was associated with a decreased risk for mortality as well as a decreased need for subsequent coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Growing the pie in emerging markets: Marketing strategies for increasing the ratio of non-users to users

Abstract Emerging markets are the growth engines of the world but they differ significantly from developed countries. Multinationals tend to flounder in these countries due to the challenges posed by five key emerging market characteristics: market heterogeneity, sociopolitical governance, unbranded competition, chronic shortage of resources and inadequate infrastructure. Reducing the negative impact of these emerging market characteristics can increase the ratio of first-time users to nonusers thereby resulting in large scale market expansion. To this end, we propose eight marketing strategies rooted in the 4 A's framework: Affordability through democratizing and upscaling the offer; Accessibility through managing and reinventing reach; Acceptability through cultural and functional fusion; and Awareness through building brand identity and engaging stakeholders. Achieving these customercentric outcomes can help companies overcome the challenges and realize the true potential of emerging markets.
Plant-Wide Control Structures and Strategies

Abstract Adopting an integrated view of plant-wide control, this paper introduces a hierarchical approach through which plant control strategies are systematically synthesized in an evolutionary manner. Formal techniques have been developed to address issues such as the following: (1) Identification of specific control objectives that are consistent with the overall production plan. (2) Synthesis of feasible control structures in a multi-objective setting. (3) Formulation of control strategies, in order to meet long time-horizon operational requirements, as well as short time-horizon dynamic control specifications. These techniques form the basis of a comprehensive engineering solution to the design of plant-wide control structures and strategies.
Prevalence of Injuries during Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Training

Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art that focuses on groundwork, joint locks, and chokeholds. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of injuries sustained during BJJ training. A 27-question research survey was e-mailed to 166 BJJ gyms in the United States. Demographic information, belt level, weight class, training hours, competition experience, and injury prevalence data were collected. The majority of respondents were Caucasian (n = 96) males (n = 121) with an average age of 30.3 years. Overall, the most common injury locations were to the hand and fingers (n = 70), foot and toes (n = 52), and arm and elbow (n = 51). The most common medically diagnosed conditions were skin infections (n = 38), injuries to the knee (n =26), and foot and toes (n = 19). The most common non-medically diagnosed injuries occurred to the hand and fingers (n = 56), arm and elbow (n = 40), and foot and toes (n = 33). In general, athletes were more likely to sustain distal rather than proximal injuries. Athletes reported more frequent medically diagnosed injuries to the lower extremity and more frequent self-diagnosed injuries to the upper extremity. Upper extremity injuries appear to be more frequent but less severe than lower extremity injuries with the opposite being true for lower extremity injuries.
On-Line Hydrogen Resource Management in a Refinery using Fuzzy Optimization

Abstract This work describes a knowledge based system designed to generate advice for the operators of an oil refinery on how to distribute hydrogen resources to minimize waste. In deciding the best operating policy, the knowledge based system employs a mathematical programming routine. The routine is capable of handling uncertainty in the optimization model by defining constraints in terms of fuzzy membership functions. The results from this routine are analyzed to determine an acceptable operating region. Only if the current operating state lies outside of this region is a preferred state recommended.
Polypharmacy and Multimorbidity Among Medicaid Enrollees: A Multistate Analysis.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the associations between polypharmacy and multimorbidity using conventional and novel measures of polypharmacy. In this cross-sectional study, data on fee-for-service (FFS) Medicaid enrollees with at least 1 chronic condition and aged 18–64 years (N = 38,329) were derived from the 2010 Medicaid Analytic eXtract (MAX) files of Maryland and West Virginia. Polypharmacy, by the authors' novel definition, was determined as simultaneous use of ≥5 drugs for a consecutive period of 60 days. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions based on the US Department of Health and Human Services framework. The association between multimorbidity and polypharmacy was examined with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Polypharmacy prevalence was estimated at 50.9% using the novel definition, as compared to 16.7% and 64.9% for the 2 commonly used conventional measures, respectively. For all 3 definitions, individuals with multimorbidity were more likely to...
New directions for nonlinear process optimization

The last three decades have seen tremendous advances in nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithms and software for process optimization. Moreover, powerful optimization modeling environments enable the formulation and solution of large-scale optimization applications. In fact, the combination of modern NLP algorithms and optimization platforms leads to fast solution strategies that now routinely solve problems with 104–106 variables, with major impacts in process design, operations and control. This is illustrated here with two dynamic optimization case studies to emphasize these characteristics. Moreover, these powerful optimization strategies integrate to accessible optimization modeling platforms that can be incorporated within a broad spectrum of engineering tasks.
Conclusion: The Cretan Glance

Gill concludes the book on Kazantzakis’s philosophical and theological thought where he has illuminated the Cretan’s understandings of nature, human nature and the nature of the divine by weaving through the major novels and writings of this most famous author from the island of Crete by returning our focus to the home of Kazantzakis. Here is Kazantzakis final vision of the human endeavor as found in the eyes of the acrobatic dancers in the frescoes on the walls of the ancient ruins of the Minoan palace on Crete. They perpetually engage in the intrepid leap over the abyss of meaninglessness, seeking “To reach what they cannot.” Gill’s subtitle for the current work is Reach What You Cannot. Bringing us back to Crete and to the Cretan Glance Gill shows that for Kazantzakis the secret to meaningful life is in the reaching, not in the arriving.
Chinese Enterprises Characters with Supply Chain Adoption: Resource Based View

With a RBV View on the supply chain adoption our findings are different with other supply chain research. We find that the motivation of the enterprises with supply chain adoption is to provide the threat to competitive enterprises. The results of supply chain don't improve the performance of enterprises but improve the market share. Even for the motivation the performance of supply chain adoption slipped down.
Motivations for Motherhood and the Nature of the Self—Object Tie

The tension between the wish to merge and the wish for separateness exists throughout life with a rhythm that, at certain points, accentuates one, then the other. Mothering embodies this duality: the wish to unite and the wish to be distinct and autonomous.
Rett syndrome: Current status and new vistas

RS, the most common cause of profound cognitive impairment in girls and women, is composed of characteristic clinical features, including communication dysfunction, stereotypic movements, and pervasive growth failure. Neuropathologic findings indicate a failure of neuronal maturation with too small neurons and too few dendritic arbors and no evidence of a progressive neurodegenerative process. The combination of clinical and neuropathologic characteristics presents the profile of a neurodevelopmental disorder. Mutations in the gene MECP2, which encodes MeCP2, have been identified in 80% to 85% of girls and women with RS. Furthermore, the panorama of phenotypes with MECP2 mutations now extends far beyond RS to include normal girls and women, mild learning disability, autistic spectrum disorders, and X-linked mental retardation. These rapid advances in our understanding of RS over the past three decades have opened new avenues of study in developmental neurobiology.
Question: What About Silent Aspiration? Answer: Silent Aspiration Is Volume-Dependent

Determination of silent aspiration risk was shown to be volume-dependent with a larger volume eliciting a reflexive cough in individuals who previously silently aspirated on smaller volumes. A 3-ounce water swallow challenge’s previously reported high sensitivity for identification of aspiration risk combined with the newly reported low <2 % false negative rate mitigates the issue of silent aspiration risk during swallow screening with the Yale Swallow Protocol.
Climate and Society in History: A Research Agenda

A historical component will be essential to any research plan which seeks to evaluate the likely impact of CO2 -induced climatic changes on human society. Information from the past provides us with the only possible laboratory for generating and testing hypotheses about the effects of, and responses to, climatic or other large-scale physical shifts. The problems we face over the next fifty years will be unique primarily because they will be appearing at this particular juncture, the late twentieth and early twentyfirst centuries. The attitudes, governmental structures, and economic and technical means that will be drawn on to confront the problems will be products of that period, and therefore are not available for study. But analogies, proxy data which can reveal how the processes of change and adaptation function, are abundant if we turn to the past. Here we can uncover the continuities, the general (perhaps even theoretical) relationships between variations in the environment, variations in behavior, and social vulnerability, that can help guide policymakers in the future.
Hacking the Visual Arts edTPA: Undergoing Scientific Management, Performativity, and Standardization of Language Games in Performance Assessment

In this article, we investigate the Visual Arts Educative Teacher Performance Assessment (edTPA) while integrating aspects of philosopher Jean-Francois Lyotard’s thought in order to bring to light ...
Simultaneous determination of three organotin pesticides in fruits and vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.

RATIONALE The presence of organotins in the environment affects food safety, making it important to monitor the levels of organotin pesticides (OTPs) in fruit and vegetable samples. METHODS In the present study, a simple and low cost method for simultaneous determination of three OTPs (azocyclotin, fenbutatin oxide and triphenyltin hydroxide) in vegetable and fruit samples was developed and validated, based on solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Extraction with acetonitrile containing 0.2% formic acid positively affected the recoveries of the three OTPs. Moreover, the simultaneous purification of the three OTPs was the most efficient using mixed-mode cation-exchange cartridges and 5.0% ammonium hydroxide in methanol as eluent, and, in this case, mild matrix effects (-9.3% to 21.6%) were obtained for the three OTPs monitored. The developed method reached limits of quantification of 1 μg kg-1 , and linearity was satisfactory, with correlation coefficients >0.995. A fortification study showed that when spiked at 1.0-50.0 μg kg-1 the mean trueness values were from 72.3 to 110.0% in all matrices (three vegetables and three fruits). The intra-day precision was <14.1%, and the inter-day precision (n = 11) was <18.2%. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method was successfully applied to the simultaneous analysis of three OTPs in vegetables and fruits.
Persistent mental and physical health impact of exposure to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attacks

Asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression have each been linked to exposure to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks (9/11). We described the prevalence and patterns of these conditions and associated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) fifteen years after the attacks. We studied 36,897 participants in the WTC Health Registry, a cohort of exposed rescue/recovery workers and community members, who completed baseline (2003–2004) and follow-up (2015–16) questionnaires. Lower respiratory symptoms (LRS; cough, dyspnea, or wheeze), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (GERS) and self-reported clinician-diagnosed asthma and GERD history were obtained from surveys. PTSD was defined as a score > 44 on the PTSD checklist, and depression as a score > 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Poor HRQOL was defined as reporting limited usual daily activities for > 14 days during the month preceding the survey. In 2015–16, 47.8% of participants had ≥1 of the conditions studied. Among participants without pre-existing asthma, 15.4% reported asthma diagnosed after 9/11; of these, 76.5% had LRS at follow up. Among those without pre-9/11 GERD, 22.3% reported being diagnosed with GERD after 9/11; 72.2% had GERS at follow-up. The prevalence of PTSD was 14.2%, and of depression was 15.3%. HRQOL declined as the number of comorbidities increased, and was particularly low among participants with mental health conditions. Over one quarter of participants with PTSD or depression reported unmet need for mental health care in the preceding year. Nearly half of participants reported having developed at least one of the physical or mental health conditions studied by 2015–2016; comorbidity among conditions was common. Poor HRQOL and unmet need for health were frequently reported, particularly among those with post-9/11 PTSD or depression. Comprehensive physical and mental health care are essential for survivors of complex environmental disasters, and continued efforts to connect 9/11-exposed persons to needed resources are critical.