cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wing dimorphism in Gryllus rubens (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

Long- and short-winged morphs of Gryllus rubens Scudder occur at all seasons in north Florida. Percentage of macroptery is apparently relatively high during spring and summer (5–60%) and relatively low during fall and winter (2–30%). When tested, 7–10% of macropters flew. Field-collected females of G. rubens differ significantly in proportions of long- and short-winged progeny they produce. Eight generations of 100% selection produced two lines of G. rubens , one >90% long-winged and the other <10% long-winged. Genes responsible for interline differences in frequency of the long-winged morph were largely or completely X-linked. Macroptery was less frequent in short photoperiods (11:13 [L:D]) than in long (16:8) and in wild populations than in groups reared in 4-liter jars indoors or out. Macroptery was not significantly influenced by number of adults reared from one jar. Crickets reared alone in 30-ml containers were more frequently long-winged than their siblings reared in groups in the 4-liter containers. Dimorphism depends, in part, on genetic polymorphism, which may be maintained because natural selection is inconsistent. Dimorphism depends, in part, on polyphenism, which may be conditional (dependent on environmental cues that predict which morph will likely be appropriate) or stochastic (dependent on probabilistic determination of morph).
Abstract 845: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression in patients with ovarian tumors of low malignant potential

The molecular basis for gynecologic tumor dissemination into the peritoneum is not well understood, however it is the primary mechanism of death in advanced stage ovarian cancers. Although serous borderline and serous invasive ovarian cancers are similar, they differ in their ability to implant and invade peritoneal structures. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a cell surface receptor expressed on activated endothelial and mesothelial cells, regulates leukocyte attachment and extravasation at sites of inflammation. Recent studies by our group demonstrated the ability of ovarian carcinoma to induce the expression of VCAM-1 on mesothelial cells, and correlated the presence of VCAM-1 with peritoneal dissemination of the tumor. We undertook the current study to determine whether VCAM-1 is expressed on the mesothelium of patients with borderline ovarian tumors. After IRB approval was obtained, cell blocks containing peritoneum and omentum from 10 patients with borderline tumors were processed and stained using antibodies to VCAM-1. Mesothelial expression of VCAM-1 was determined by a single pathologist blinded to tumor type and stage. Samples were determined to be positive if mesothelial cells demonstrated membrane staining. Cytoplasmic staining for VCAM-1 was not considered positive, nor was staining of non-mesothelial cells. Of the 10 patients, four were stage 1a and six were stage 1c serous borderline tumors. Nine of 10 had peritoneal or omental biopsies that did not stain for VCAM-1. The one sample which did stain positively was micropapillary type, which is an invasive sub-type of borderline ovarian cancers. Together, these observations support the hypothesis that VCAM-1 expression correlates with ovarian cancer peritoneal invasion and offers a possible explanation for the inability of borderline tumors to invade peritoneal structures. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 845.
Convergence, divergence et filiation linguistique: retour à l’étude panlectale de la variation en français

Les francais parles en milieux minoritaires au Canada sont probablement les francais vernaculaires les plus etudies en sociolinguistique francophone. L’etude comparee des locutions adverbiales de restriction rien que/juste/seulement/seulement que/ne que de Mougeon, Hallion, Bigot, et Papen publiee dans ce volume s'inscrit dans une longue tradition de recherches systematiques sur les structures grammaticales variables en milieux minoritaires, telles que la morphologie de l'auxiliaire aller (Mougeon et al. 1988; 2010), l'usage des futurs analytique et synthetique (Poplack et Turpin 1999, Nadasdi et al. 2003), la neutralisation des formes masculines de tout (Lemieux et Sankoff 1983; Bigot et Papen 2015) et les formes irregulieres de l'imparfait (Hallion Bres 2006; Papen et Bigot 2010), pour ne citer que quelques-uns des aspects les plus etudies. La presente contribution de Mougeon et ses collegues a l’etude de la restriction dans quatre varietes de francais originaires de l'expansion du francais vers l'Ouest de la province du Quebec possede, neanmoins, une portee bien plus large que la plupart des etudes prealables.
Effects of dexamethasone and progesterone on CRH and labor onset in pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane

Objective To discuss the effects of dexamethasone and progesterone on CRH and labor onset in pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane.Methods Sixty pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane were divided into four groups(each 15 cases).A group(dexamethasone group);B group(dexamethasone+ progesterone group) received dexamethasone+ progesterone;C group(progesterone group) received progesterone;D group(control group)received foundation treatment.The CRH level and labor onset of 4 groups were compared.Results CRH of A group after therapy was higher than other three groups(P 0.01).There were significant difference compared before and after thrapy in A and D groups(P 0.01).Labor onset of A group was earlier than other three groups(P 0.01).Conclusion Dexamethasone can improve the level of CRH in pregnant women with premature rupture of membrane,then to promote the onset of labor,but progesterone can restrain it.
New Horizon for Neurourological Research.

Acquiring basic laboratory techniques is contributory to further elucidate the pathogenesis of various conditions. Development of new diagnostic methods and therapeutic modalities will provide new possibilities in medical treatments. Urological complications should not only be accessed in the perspective of urology, instead, urology related disorders should also be considered in relation with prominent cerebral functions. International Neurourology Journal (INJ) has tried to encompass broader topics of the research articles in view of the roles of brain to the urological disorders. In order to accentuate the role of INJ, we have recruited valuable articles in this issue. Present issue includes following supportive contents to apprehend the urological disorders. Neuroinflammation was suggested as the pathogenic factor inducing various psychiatric disorders by degenerating normal neurons through activation of microglia and up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Peripheral immune cells were proposed as the alternative therapeutic strategy for neuro-urological diseases. Variations of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) D148E have been proposed as the genetic contribution of bladder cancers, and then the authors suggested that increased secretory activity of APE1/Ref-1 D148E might contribute to the increased APE1/Ref-1 in urine or blood. Main advantages and limitations of 3-dimensional visualization for macromolecules were discussed in this issue to enhance clinical diagnosis. As the new diagnostic technique, Lab-on-a-Chip device was introduced for the rapid molecular diagnoses of pathogens, particularly focusing on the detection of foodborne pathogens. Present issue demonstrated that postnatal treadmill exercise of off-spring ameliorated prenatal stress-induced anxiety symptoms. Treadmill exercise also potentiated the therapeutic effect of transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells on traumatic brain injury. Lastly, the possibility of extracellular matrix was proposed as a new therapeutic modality for tissue damage via spontaneous network formation, as an ideal scaffold. As briefly described above, diverse articles comprising from new experimental skills to novel therapeutic approaches are included in this issue. We would like to acknowledge gratitude to the authors for the valuable articles submitted to the special issue of INJ. The efforts of INJ to identify the urinary disorders in relation with cerebral functions will be continued. These attempts will precipitate to expedite the comprehension and treatment of the urological disorders.
Is your patient faking

The modern-day "Munchausen" will do almost anything to get medical attentionand she's more common than you may think.
Direct observation of Lévy flights of holes in bulk n -doped InP

We study the photoluminescence spectra excited at an edge side of $n$-InP slabs and observed from the broadside. In a moderately doped sample the intensity drops off as a power-law function of the distance from the excitation---up to several millimeters---with no change in the spectral shape. The hole distribution is described by a stationary L\'evy-flight process over more than two orders of magnitude in both the distance and hole concentration. For heavily doped samples, the power law is truncated by free-carrier absorption. Our experiments are nearly perfectly described by the Biberman-Holstein transport equation with parameters found from independent optical experiments.
Using Multiple and Mixed Methods to Investigate Emotions in Educational Contexts

The emotions associated with educational settings tend to be multidimensional and situated within social historical contexts. As such, the research methods and methodologies used to investigate emotions in education need to match that level of complexity. In this chapter the authors discuss the usefulness of approaching emotions in education contexts from a problem solving perspective that engages the use of multiple and mixed research methods. In addition, the authors outline their current theoretical approaches as well as the research methods and models associated with multiple and mixed methods research. Finally, they discuss the strengths and challenges of approaching emotions in education from multiple and mixed methods perspectives.
Neoclassical Inflation: Aggregate Supply

In previous chapters the focus has been on the neoclassical theory of employment. We began with a barter (‘real’) system, demonstrating that full employment is achieved in such a model by excluding the possible causes of demand failures. In subsequent chapters monetary models were investigated, with the conclusion that a number of theoretical difficulties and inconsistencies render automatic adjustment to full employment unlikely even as a logical possibility. Indeed, it is not clear that neoclassical theory has any consistent ‘thought experiment’ to take one from general disequilibrium with unemployment to general equilibrium with full employment (Chapter 8).
UTILIZATION OF PHENOLPHTHALEIN MONOPHOSPHATE TO TO DETERMINE THE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY OF MILK1

The properties of alkaline phosphatase as it exists in milk are considered. The more common methods of measuring alkaline phosphatase activity in milk are briefly reviewed, especially those employing substrates possessing “built-in” indicators which produce a chromogen directly upon hydrolysis. The visual procedure employing phenolphthalein monophosphate as the substrate is given. The sensitivity of this method is shown to be far greater than that of the Scharer I (Rapid) method. Results of an AOAC Collaborative study demonstrated that the method yields results that are as precise and either as accurate as or more accurate than those obtained by the Scharer I (Rapid) method. The quantitative spectrophotometric procedure employing the above substrate is presented. Comparison of this method with the Scharer modified spectrophotometric method on milk revealed correlation coefficients (Scharer method: 0.998 and modified new method 0.991) showing very little difference in the positive correlations of absorbanc...
“The burden upon me”: The complexity of healthcare utilization among Medicare patients undergoing curative lung cancer treatment.

7533 Background: Due to new lung cancer CT-screening guidelines and the aging American population, the use of curative treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will increase amo...
Exercise Training in "At-Risk" Black and White Women: A Comparative Cohort Analyses.

PURPOSE Few data on the effect of exercise interventions in black women at risk for cardiovascular disease are available. METHODS Women ≥18 yr of age without known cardiovascular disease with ≥1 coronary risk factor were enrolled in a community-based exercise program ≥3 d·wk for ≥30 min per session for 6 months. Exercise training intensity ~50% to 80% of functional capacity, using heart rate (HR) and/or rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as the primary intensity modulators. Preconditioning versus postconditioning quality of life assessments (depression and level of daytime sleepiness), dietary fat intake, Duke Activity Status Index score, changes in cardiovascular efficiency (systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), HR, RPE during a standardized submaximal workload), and anthropometric measures, including body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference, were evaluated. RESULTS Of 556 volunteers, 143 were excluded, leaving 413 women (222 white, 191 black; mean ± SD age, 61 ± 9 yr) who met compliance criteria. Both groups demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) postconditioning decreases in body mass index, waist circumference, resting SBP/DBP, and total and LDL cholesterol, and reductions in HR, SBP/DBP, and RPE at a fixed submaximal workload, and in fat screener, depression, and sleep scores. Duke Activity Status Index scores increased significantly (P < 0.0001) for both groups, signifying increases in self-reported functional capacity. Although 87 women (21%) experienced a musculoskeletal injury/discomfort during the program, there were no exercise-related cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS A progressive moderate-to-vigorous exercise intervention without preliminary exercise testing elicited comparable improvements in coronary risk factors, anthropometric and quality of life measures, and cardiovascular efficiency in "at-risk" black and white women. These adaptations were achieved at exercise levels below those recommended in contemporary physical activity guidelines.
Fabrication and characterization of microtubular solid oxide cell supported with nanostructured mixed conducting perovskite fuel electrode

Mixed ionic and electronic conducting (MIEC) perovskites demonstrate advantages over Ni-cermet as fuel electrode materials for solid oxide cells (SOCs). However, SOCs are primarily electrolyte-supported planar designs in literature when MIEC perovskite fuel electrodes are employed, which are relatively easy to fabricate but usually have high electrolyte ohmic resistance. Perovskite fuel electrode-supported designs are rarely studied particularly for microtubular SOCs. In this research, (La0.3Sr0.7)0.9Ti0.9Ni0.1O3-δ-Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (LSTN-SDC) electrode-supported microtubular cell LSTN-SDC/YSZ/(La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3-δ is fabricated and characterized. The LSTN-SDC microtubular substrate is prepared using an in-house built spinneret extrusion system in combination with modified phase inversion method, featuring radially well-aligned microchannels open at the inner surface. A thin YSZ electrolyte of ~15 μm and (La0.8Sr0.2)0.95MnO3-δ electrode of ~25 μm are then fabricated on the substrate, respectively. Upon reducing treatment, nickel is exsolved from LSTN grains and uniformly decorated onto grain surface as Ni nanoparticles, and therefore on inner surface of microchannels in the substrate. With CO/CO2 gas mixture as the fuel, the complicated electro-/chemical reactions are identified in the substrate electrode. The electrolysis process in combination with surface catalytic process of nanostructured electrode substrate leads to highly efficient CO production from CO2 with conversion efficiencies of well above 100%. The electrolysis also facilitates to regenerate surface catalytic functionality of nanostructured electrode substrate. The redox stability advantages of the cell are demonstrated in both alternative reduction (CO)/oxidation (air) atmospheric conditions and reversible operating mode.
Chronic Illness: Implications of a New Paradigm for Health Care

A major factor in determining and maintaining the form of our health care system is our underlying assumptions about the origins of problems related to health. The author explores the implications of the change from an acute simple disease model to a chronic complex illness model for the evaluation of quality in health care.
Intensity Effects in Resonance Light Scattering

When low intensity monochromatic light is incident upon an isolated stationary atom initially in its ground state, the spectrum of the light scattered in a two step excitation-deexcitation process which returns the atom to its ground state must be a δ-function at the incident field frequency. Quantum mechanically, this result follows at once from energy conservation, since in the low intensity limit only one photon is absorbed from the incident field, and only one is emitted under the stated conditions. From a classical point of view, one may understand. the δ-function spectrum for the scattered field by thinking of the atom as consisting of one or more harmonic oscillators (a picture which is useful under weak excitation), and recognizing that the induced atomic electric dipole moment must oscillate at the same frequency as the incident field which drives the atom.
Metabolic network-based predictions of toxicant-induced metabolite changes in the laboratory rat

In order to provide timely treatment for organ damage initiated by therapeutic drugs or exposure to environmental toxicants, we first need to identify markers that provide an early diagnosis of potential adverse effects before permanent damage occurs. Specifically, the liver, as a primary organ prone to toxicants-induced injuries, lacks diagnostic markers that are specific and sensitive to the early onset of injury. Here, to identify plasma metabolites as markers of early toxicant-induced injury, we used a constraint-based modeling approach with a genome-scale network reconstruction of rat liver metabolism to incorporate perturbations of gene expression induced by acetaminophen, a known hepatotoxicant. A comparison of the model results against the global metabolic profiling data revealed that our approach satisfactorily predicted altered plasma metabolite levels as early as 5 h after exposure to 2 g/kg of acetaminophen, and that 10 h after treatment the predictions significantly improved when we integrated measured central carbon fluxes. Our approach is solely driven by gene expression and physiological boundary conditions, and does not rely on any toxicant-specific model component. As such, it provides a mechanistic model that serves as a first step in identifying a list of putative plasma metabolites that could change due to toxicant-induced perturbations.
College Students’ Multitasking Behavior in Online Versus Face-to-Face Courses:

This study compared college students’ multitasking in online courses with their multitasking in face-to-face courses and explored the significance of potential predictors of multitasking in each se...
Abstract P2047: Human Renal Proximal Tubule Cells Cultured Under High Salt Conditions Increase Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor Abundance In Secreted Exosomes

The dopamine type 1 (D1R) and angiotensin type 2 (AT2R) are both natriuretic receptors that regulate renal sodium homeostasis. Aberrant D1R and AT2R mechanisms are implicated in hypertension, salt-...
Clinical correlations of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in patients with COVID-19 infection

Abstract Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Understanding the clinical correlations of antibodies produced by infected individuals will be critical for incorporating antibody results into clinical management. This study was an observational cohort study to evaluate antibody responses in individuals with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, including 48 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at a large tertiary care medical center. Serum samples were obtained from patients at various time points during the disease course and tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Medical records were reviewed, and antibody levels were compared with clinical and laboratory findings. Patients did not have high levels of antibodies within one week of symptoms, but most had detectable IgM and IgG antibodies between 8 and 29 days after onset of symptoms. Some individuals did not develop measurable levels of IgM or IgG antibodies. IgM antibodies were associated with elevated ALT, but there were no other significant associations. We did not observe significant associations of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with clinical outcomes, including intubation and death. SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were unlikely to be detected in the first week of infection or in severely immunocompromised individuals. Although we did not observe associations with clinical outcomes, IgM antibodies were associated with higher ALT levels. Antibody production reflects the virus-specific immune response, which is important for immunity but also drives pathology, and antibody levels may be important for guiding treatment of individuals with COVID-19.
Optogenetic brain-stimulation reward: A new procedure to re-evaluate the rewarding versus aversive effects of cannabinoids in dopamine transporter-Cre mice

Despite extensive research, the rewarding effects of cannabinoids are still debated. Here, we used a newly established animal procedure called optogenetic intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) (oICSS) to re-examine the abuse potential of cannabinoids in mice. A specific adeno-associated viral vector carrying a channelrhodopsin gene was microinjected into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to express light-sensitive channelrhodopsin in dopamine (DA) neurons of transgenic dopamine transporter (DAT)-Cre mice. Optogenetic stimulation of VTA DA neurons was highly reinforcing and produced a classical "sigmoidal"-shaped stimulation-response curve dependent upon the laser pulse frequency. Systemic administration of cocaine dose-dependently enhanced oICSS and shifted stimulation-response curves upward, in a way similar to previously observed effects of cocaine on electrical ICSS. In contrast, Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC), but not cannabidiol, dose-dependently decreased oICSS responding and shifted oICSS curves downward. WIN55,212-2 and ACEA, two synthetic cannabinoids often used in laboratory settings, also produced dose-dependent reductions in oICSS. We then examined several new synthetic cannabinoids, which are used recreationally. XLR-11 produced a cocaine-like increase, AM-2201 produced a Δ9 -THC-like reduction, while 5F-AMB had no effect on oICSS responding. Immunohistochemistry and RNAscope in situ hybridization assays indicated that CB1 Rs are expressed mainly in VTA GABA and glutamate neurons, while CB2 Rs are expressed mainly in VTA DA neurons. Together, these findings suggest that most cannabinoids are not reward enhancing, but rather reward attenuating or aversive in mice. Activation of CB1 R and/or CB2 R in different populations of neurons in the brain may underlie the observed actions.
New inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: Repurposing of existing drugs with deep learning

P38-alpha (MAPK14) is a protein kinase that is implicated in the pathological mechanisms of BAG3 P209L myofibrillar myopathy, cancers, Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Inhibition of p38 has shown promise as treatment for these diseases. Traditional drug discovery methods were unable to create both effective and safe small molecule inhibitors, so we used machine learning to elucidate potential p38 blockers from existing FDA-approved drugs. Using available bioactivity data, we determined the best existing p38 inhibitors and applied fingerprint clustering to isolate the compounds with similar structures. Descriptors were calculated for these clustered compounds and the most important of these descriptors were determined through a machine-learning based feature selection algorithm. This data served as the training set for a deep neural network that was fine-tuned to a 92% validation accuracy. The neural network model was applied to a database of FDA-approved drugs, revealing 149 potential p38 inhibitors, whose efficacy were confirmed by docking simulations to be statistically significantly higher than random FDA drugs and slightly higher than known inhibitors. Our study not only reveals potential treatments for p38-mediated diseases but also demonstrates the capability of integrating various machine-learning techniques and computational algorithms to predict novel functions of existing pharmaceuticals.
Printing Grayscale Optical Metasurface at Sub-10-nm-resolution via Light-controlled Capillary Force Lithography

By applying optical control to nanoscale capillary effect, we realize grayscale printing of polymer nanopixels with a sub-10-nm vertical resolution. Through spatial modulation of the control-light, we print various grayscale optical metasurfaces on-demand.
Developments with Motion Magnification for Structural Modal Identification Through Camera Video

Non-contact measurement of the response of vibrating structures may be achieved using several different methods including the use of video cameras that offer flexibility in use and advantage in terms of cost. Videos can provide valuable qualitative information to an informed person, but quantitative measurements obtained using computer vision techniques are essential for structural assessment. Motion Magnification in videos refers to a collection of techniques that amplify small motions in videos in specified bands of frequencies for visualization, which can also be used to determine displacements of distinct edges of structures being measured. We will present recent developments in motion magnification for the modal identification of structures. A new algorithm based on the Riesz transform has been developed allowing for real-time application of motion magnification to normal-speed videos with similar quality to the previous computationally intensive phase-based algorithm. Displacement signals are extracted from strong edges in the video as a basis for the data necessary for modal identification. Methodologies for output-only modal analysis applicable to the large number of signals and short length signals are demonstrated on example videos of vibrating structures.
Labor Law After Legalization

Immigration reform may reasonably be characterized as the most significant labor reform in a generation. This Essay considers the shape of labor and employment law after congressional enactment of comprehensive immigration reform. For this purpose, the Essay assumes that Congress does in fact enact a legalization program that permits many, but not all, undocumented immigrants to participate; that expands temporary worker programs; and that mandates intensified immigration enforcement at the border, in the criminal justice system, in communities, and especially in the workplace. This exercise is important for at least two reasons. First, it may illuminate, from a labor perspective, some of the shortcomings of the leading immigration reform proposals. An unintended benefit of the failure of immigration reform in 2006 and 2007 is the opportunity for the labor movement to find its voice and correct these deficiencies by introducing important pro-worker improvements in whatever legislation is ultimately enacted. Second, regardless of the details of the final package, low-wage workers and their advocates have an interest in imagining the world we will one day inhabit, so as to prepare to seize new opportunities to promote labor organizing, and to address new dangers that may arise.
Listening to the experts: provider recommendations on the health needs of immigrants and refugees.

A growing body of literature describes what has come to be know as the 'healthy migrant' phenomenon - the fact that immigrants to the United States and Western Europe countries are often healthier than native-born residents in their new countries of residence. Over time, many immigrants lose this health advantage for reasons that are not fully understood. Data are presented from in-depth interviews with 62 health and social service providers working with immigrants in the state of Minnesota. Although the state is home to many refugees who were victims of torture or severe deprivation in their home countries, the majority of providers defi- ned the principal needs of their clients as affordable housing, jobs and access to health services, rather than needs related to health conditions and services per se. The providers' open-ended comments paint a picture of the ways in which post-immigration experiences lead to tangible stresses that compromise immigrants? health and well-being.
Diagnostic Yield and Safety of Cerebellar and Brainstem Parenchymal Biopsy

Objective We aimed to determine the diagnostic yield and safety of posterior fossa parenchymal biopsy. Methods One-hundred-thirty-six patients who underwent 137 posterior fossa (brainstem or cerebellar) parenchymal biopsies at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota, USA) between 1996 and 2009 were identified by chart review. Case histories; radiologic, surgical, and pathologic reports; and safety outcomes were assessed. Results Posterior fossa parenchymal biopsies were performed on 78 male and 58 female patients of median age 47 years (interquartile range 28–61). Preoperative clinical diagnosis in the majority of cases was of a malignant neoplasm. Glial neoplasm (51%) was the most common finding followed by lymphoma (7%) and neurosarcoidosis (7%). Normal tissue or nonspecific changes were observed in 28 cases (20%). Three deaths occurred: 2 at the time of biopsy (1%) and 1 due to underlying disease. All deaths occurred in patients who had a cerebellar biopsy. Transient neurologic deficits occurred in 15 patients (11%): worsening of presenting symptoms (4), cardiac arrhythmia (3), vertigo (2), diplopia (2), ataxia (3), seizure (1), decreased consciousness (1), and limb numbness (3). Sustained neurologic deficits occurred in 3 patients: fourth nerve palsy (1), hemiparesis (1), and facial numbness (1). Conclusions The diagnostic yield of posterior fossa parenchymal biopsy in Mayo Clinic patients with diverse pathologies was 80%. The complication rate was 11% with the majority being transient, but 2 deaths were attributed to biopsy. Evaluation of the diagnostic yield and complication rate at individual neurosurgical centers is needed to determine generalizability of these results.
CO and the Multiphase ISM

CO observations indicate that molecular clouds have a complex multiphase structure, and this is compared with the multiphase structure of the diffuse interstellar medium. The trace ionization within the molecular gas is governed primarily by UV photoionization. Magnetic fields contribute a significantly larger fraction of the pressure in molecular clouds than in the diffuse interstellar medium. Observations suggest that the total Alfven Mach number, m A tot, of the turbulence in the diffuse ISM exceeds unity; Zeeman observations are consistent with m A tot ≲ 1 in molecular clouds, but more data are needed to verify this. Most molecular clouds are selfgravitating, and they can be modeled as multi-pressure polytropes with thermal, magnetic, and wave pressure. The pressure and density within selfgravitating clouds is regulated by the pressure in the surrounding diffuse ISM.
CYTOLOGY OF RHODOTORULA GLUTINIS

Abstract Thyagarajan, T. R. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y.) and H. B. Naylor. Cytology of Rhodotorula glutinis. J. Bacteriol. 83:127–136. 1962.—The structure and manner of division of nuclei in actively dividing cells of Rhodotorula glutinis were studied with the phase contrast microscope. The nucleus consists of a dense central body, surrounded by a shell of optically uniform material of low density. The entire structure is enclosed within a nuclear membrane. Various fixation and staining techniques were employed to confirm the observations made from living cells. Since the dense central body is Feulgen-negative and is readily stained by iron alum hematoxylin, it is identified as the nucleolus. The material surrounding the nucleolus has no marked affinity for hematoxylin but is Feulgen-positive and stains intensely with Giemsa and basic fuchsin. The nucleus appears to divide by a process of elongation and constriction during which roughly half of the nucleolus, along with the surrounding chromatin, passes into the bud. The nuclear membrane was found to persist during all stages of division. Vacuoles were seldom observed in actively dividing cells. The nucleus of R. glutinis is similar in structure to the nuclei of higher organisms, but its behavior during division is quite different.
Chlorido{2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl-&#954;2C1,N}(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-&#954;N3)palladium(II)

In the title compound, [Pd(C9H12N)Cl(C4H6N2)], which was synthesized from the reaction of 1-methyl­imidazole with dimeric dichloridobis[2-(dimethyl­amino)­benz­yl]palla­dium(II), the ring-deprotonated N,N-dimethyl­benzyl­amine ligand acts in a C,N-bidentate fashion. The dihedral angle between the ring of the 1-methyl­imidazole ligand and the palladacycle plane is 57.88 (16)°. The two N atoms from the N,N-dimethyl­benzyl­amine and 1-methyl­imidazole ligands are trans coordinated to the PdII atom.
Venous leg ulcers: Summary of new clinical practice guidelines published August 2014 in the Journal of Vascular Surgery

The Society for Vascular Surgery ® (SVS) and the American Venous Forum (AVF) published guidelines for the management of venous leg ulcers in August 2014. The goal of this article (Part 2) is to summarize the guidelines that address diagnosis and treatment recommendations published jointly by the SVS and AVF that may affect the nursing practice of vascular nurses. Specific sections include wound evaluation, therapies used on the wound bed itself, compression, and operative or endovascular management. Part 1, published elsewhere in this issue, addressed the epidemiology and financial impact of ulcers, venous anatomy, pathophysiology of venous leg ulcer development, clinical manifestations, and prevention of venous leg ulcers. These 2 parts together provide a comprehensive summary of the joint SVS and AVF guidelines for care of venous leg ulcers.
A sinusoidal signal analysis technique for fast, accurate, and discriminating frequency determination

A sinusoidal signal analysis technique is extended to frequency determination. It improves upon previously reported maximum-likelihood methods by reducing computational order per iteration from N to 1, where N is the number of data points. Subject to a noise floor, there is no limit to achievable accuracy or discrimination. The proposed extension accommodates any window whose continuous-time Fourier transform is known. It is illustrated here with the Kaiser-Bessel window, a near-optimum window with full design parameterization. To achieve reduced computational order, an approach is proposed for the fast computation of discrete-time Fourier transforms when corresponding continuous-time Fourier transforms are known. Its computational order is generally superior to that of an FFT. Furthermore, it enables a closed form solution to the discrete-time Fourier transform of a Kaiser-Bessel window in computational order 1. The exceptional performance is demonstrated through A/D converter performance analysis.
Stochastic Search Variable Selection for Identifying Multiple Quantitative Trait Loci

In this article, we utilize stochastic search variable selection methodology to develop a Bayesian method for identifying multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) for complex traits in experimental designs. The proposed procedure entails embedding multiple regression in a hierarchical normal mixture model, where latent indicators for all markers are used to identify the multiple markers. The markers with significant effects can be identified as those with higher posterior probability included in the model. A simple and easy-to-use Gibbs sampler is employed to generate samples from the joint posterior distribution of all unknowns including the latent indicators, genetic effects for all markers, and other model parameters. The proposed method was evaluated using simulated data and illustrated using a real data set. The results demonstrate that the proposed method works well under typical situations of most QTL studies in terms of number of markers and marker density.
Modeling chemical processes using prior knowledge and neural networks

We present a method for synthesizing chemical process models that combines prior knowledge and artificial neural networks. The inclusion of prior knowledge is investigated as a means of improving the neural network predictions when trained on sparse and noisy process data. Prior knowledge enters the hybrid model as a simple process model and first principle equations. The simple model controls the extrapolation of the hybrid in the regions of input space that lack training data. The first principle equations, such as mass and component balances, enforce equality constraints. The neural network compensates for inaccuracy in the prior model. In addition, inequality constraints are imposed during parameter estimation. For illustration, the approach is applied in predicting cell biomass and secondary metabolite in a fed-batch fermentation. The results show that prior knowledge enhances the generalization capabilities of a pure neural network model. The approach is shown to require less data for parameter estimation, produce more accurate and consistent predictions, and provide more reliable extrapolation
The senior information systems design project seminar

One of the challenges of teaching MIS is preparing students to apply the knowledge they have gained in a real project. Although they have developed proficiency in problem-solving, structured design techniques, and programming during course work, many MIS students have never interviewed a user or been asked to make design changes at a user's request. In addition, many students have never had to work on a project team, manage schedules, and meet project deadlines.The senior information systems design project course provides students with an opportunity to apply systems concepts and techniques in the design of an information system. Students identify “live” projects and work on project teams. In the past, many of these projects have been programming design and implementation projects provided by local industry. However, in large-scale projects, students could not start with problem definition, proceed to requirements specification, and complete detailed design, because all of this could not be accomplished in a single term. As a result, they would do segments of larger projects.With the advent of the microcomputer, however, many smaller scale projects became available in offices seeking to automate records management, routine accounting, and other office automation systems. These projects created an opportunity for students to do an entire project, from systems analysis to detailed design.The purpose of this paper is to describe the objectives and procedures of the information systems design project seminar and to discuss the nature and scope of design projects conducted in university offices during the fall, 1985 quarter. The paper will describe the respective roles of student systems analysts and users, the systems development practices followed, and some of the successes and pitfalls of the experience.
Effective Thermal Inertia in Relation to Normalized Heat Load

Normalized heart load, obtained by dividing heat absorption by thermal inertia, is a quantity useful in building design for relating fire severity in fully developed compartment fires to fire severity in standard fire resistance tests. Harmathy has shown how normalized heat load may be used for determining required fire resistance in projected buildings. The present work describes how effective values of thermal inertia can be calculated for such important materials as brick and concrete, both normal and lightweight, for which thermal properties depend strongly upon temperature.
Renaissance of Aspirin for the Primary and Secondary Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism

Long-standing controversy has surrounded aspirin as an antithrombotic modality to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE), particularly in the orthopedic surgery arena. New data are emerging on the use of aspirin for both primary VTE prevention and secondary prevention of recurrent VTE after an initial anticoagulation course. This review article will provide the history behind the controversy, information regarding recent or ongoing clinical trials of aspirin for primary VTE prevention in major orthopedic surgery, evidence for aspirin in secondary prevention of recurrent VTE, and suggestions for future research. Aspirin may be a reasonable option for VTE prevention in certain major orthopedic surgery patients. Additionally, investigation among non-orthopedic populations such as the acutely ill medical patient and the non-orthopedic surgery patient is encouraged to provide further safety and efficacy data.
Hamiltonian Walks of Phylogenetic Treespaces

We answer Bryant's combinatorial challenge on minimal walks of phylogenetic treespace under the nearest-neighbor interchange (NNI) metric. We show that the shortest path through the NNI-treespace of $(n)$-leaf trees is Hamiltonian for all $(n)$. That is, there is a minimal path that visits all binary trees exactly once, under NNI moves.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of ocean chlorophyll distributions from underwater serial sectioned fluorescence images

An underwater optical serial sectioning system has been developed to measure in-situ three- dimensional distributions of biological particles. The technique involves scanning a thin plane of laser light sequentially through a range of distances parallel to the imaging plane of a digital CCD camera. Images of induced fluorescence in the sequentially illuminated planes are recorded. A computer based inverse program is then used to reconstruct three-dimensional chlorophyll (alpha) distributions from the plane images. The inverse method compensates for attenuation of the fluorescence excitation and emission throughout the volume and converts camera image plane intensity values to mg Chl (alpha) /m3. Graphic display of the composite data set with spatial resolution of 1 cm3 in a 20 X 20 X 20 cm volume is presented in a three-dimensional rendered volume. Chl (alpha) concentration discrimination of 0.1 mg Chl (alpha) /m3 over the range of 0.1 to 2.0 mg Chl (alpha) /m3 has been demonstrated in the laboratory with the optical serial sectioning system.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Displacement-Based Optimization for Truss Structures Subjected to Static and Dynamic Constraints

The use of displacements as design variables for truss structure optimization is considered as an alternative to the conventional finite-element-analysis-based design approach. A two-level nested optimization has been developed; in an inner level, cross-sectional areas of truss members are designed for a given displacement field, and, at an outer level, optimal displacements corresponding to the minimum weight designs are searched through the use of sequential quadratic programming. The computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated through three examples, and the evolutions of the cross-sectional areas and optimal weight as a function of the displacements are studied. Static, dynamic, and topology problems are considered. It is shown that the method is highly efficient compared to the conventional design approaches. It is also demonstrated that the weight is always continuous throughout the design history, although areas might exhibit large discontinuities.
Constructing gravitational dimensions

It would be extremely useful to know whether a particular low energy effective theory might have come from a compactification of a higher dimensional space. Here, this problem is approached from the ground up by considering theories with multiple interacting massive gravitons. It is actually very difficult to construct discrete gravitational dimensions which have a local continuum limit. In fact, any model with only nearest neighbor interactions is doomed. If we could find a non-linear extension for the Fierz-Pauli Lagrangian for a graviton of mass ${m}_{g},$ which does not break down until the scale ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{2}=\sqrt{{m}_{g}{M}_{\mathrm{Pl}}},$ this could be used to construct a large class of models whose continuum limit is local in the extra dimension. But this is shown to be impossible: a theory with a single graviton must break down by ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{3}{=(m}_{g}^{2}{M}_{\mathrm{Pl}}{)}^{1/3}.$ Next, we look at how the discretization prescribed by the truncation of the Kaluza-Klein tower of an honest extra dimension raises the scale of strong coupling. It dictates an intricate set of interactions among various fields which conspire to soften the strongest scattering amplitudes and allow for a local continuum limit, at least at the tree level. A number of candidate symmetries associated with locality in the discretized dimension are also discussed.
Multiple fault diagnosis using multiple context spaces

Diagnostic problem solving is a major application area of knowledge-based system research. However, most of the current approaches, both heuristic and model-based, are designed to identify single faults, and do not generalize easily to multiple fault diagnosis without exhibiting exponential behavior in the amount of computation required. In this paper, we employ a decomposition approach based on system configuration to generate an efficient algorithm for multiple fault diagnosis. The basic idea of the algorithm is to reduce the inherent combinatorial explosion that occurs in generating multiple faults by partitioning the circuit into groups that correspond to output measurement points. Rules are developed for combining candidates from individual groups, and forming consistent sets of minimal candidates.