cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of residual stresses and interfacial shear strength on matrix properties in fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites

Zircon matrix composites, uniaxially reinforced with a variety of SiC fibres were fabricated in order to create composites with different interfacial properties. Interfacial properties were varied by changing the nature of fibre coatings. The effect of changes in interfacial shear strength on important matrix properties, such as hardness and fracture toughness, was studied on a micro-scale using the microindentation technique. In addition, the relative orientation of the indented cracks with respect to the fibres was varied to investigate the existence of anisotropic behaviour of the matrix. The results indicated that the crack growth in the matrix was influenced by the presence of residual radial and axial stresses, such that relatively higher crack lengths were seen in certain directions in the matrix with respect to other directions. This asymmetric nature of the crack formation upon indentation was the reason for the observed anisotropic fracture toughness of the matrix. The residual stresses also led to anisotropic hardness and a critical load for crack initiation in the matrix.
K−-p elastic scattering at 5.5 and 4.1 GeV/c☆

Abstract The absolute differential cross sections for K − -p elastic scattering at 5.5 GeV/ c and 4.1 GeV/ c have been measured. Results are presented based on about 2 000 events at each momentum.
Normal maps inducted by linear transformations

We study a certain piecewise linear manifold, which we call the normal manifold, associated with a polyhedral convex set, and a family of continuous functions, called normal maps, that are induced on this manifold by continuous functions from Rn to Rn. These normal maps occur frequently in optimization and equilibrium problems, and the subclass of normal maps induced by linear transformations plays a key role. Our main result is that the normal map induced by a linear transformation is a Lipschitzian homeomorphism if and only if the determinant of the map in each n-cell of the normal manifold has the same nonzero sign.
An Essential Function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA Triphosphatase Cet1 Is to Stabilize RNA Guanylyltransferase Ceg1 against Thermal Inactivation

Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA triphosphatase (Cet1) and RNA guanylyltransferase (Ceg1) interactin vivo and in vitro to form a bifunctional mRNA capping enzyme complex. Here we show that the guanylyltransferase activity of Ceg1 is highly thermolabile in vitro (98% loss of activity after treatment for 10 min at 35 °C) and that binding to recombinant Cet1 protein, or a synthetic peptide Cet1(232–265), protects Ceg1 from heat inactivation at physiological temperatures. Candida albicansguanylyltransferase Cgt1 is also thermolabile and is stabilized by binding to Cet1(232–265). In contrast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and mammalian guanylyltransferases are intrinsically thermostable in vitro and they are unaffected by Cet1(232–265). We show that the requirement for the Ceg1-binding domain of Cet1 for yeast cell growth can be circumvented by overexpression in high gene dosage of a catalytically active mutant lacking the Ceg1-binding site (Cet1(269–549)) provided that Ceg1 is also overexpressed. However, such cells are unable to grow at 37 °C. In contrast, cells overexpressing Cet1(269–549) in single copy grow at all temperatures if they express either the S. pombe or mammalian guanylyltransferase in lieu of Ceg1. Thus, the cell growth phenotype correlates with the inherent thermal stability of the guanylyltransferase. We propose that an essential function of the Cet1-Ceg1 interaction is to stabilize Ceg1 guanylyltransferase activity rather than to allosterically regulate its activity. We used protein-affinity chromatography to identify the COOH-terminal segment of Ceg1 (from amino acids 245–459) as an autonomous Cet1-binding domain. Genetic experiments implicate two peptide segments,287KPVSLYVW295 and337WQNLKNLEQPLN348, as likely constituents of the Cet1-binding site on Ceg1.
Aromatization and 5α-reduction in brain and nonneural tissues of a cyclostome, Petromyzon marinus

Abstract Aromatization and 5α-reduction appear to be essential for the expression of certain androgen actions in the central nervous system. Although 5α-reductase activity occurs in neural tissues of invertebrates and all major vertebrate groups, brain aromatase has not been traced below elasmobranch. Using the lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ), androgen metabolism was investigated in brain, gonad, and other tissues by incubating homogenates with [ 3 H]androstenedione and cofactors. After extraction, chromatography, and phenolic partition, products were identified by dilution with authentic unlabeled steroid and recrystallization to constant specific activity. Estrone was formed in ovary, testis, and kidney but not in liver, muscle, or tissue-free control incubates. Testicular samples also synthesized estradiol-17β. Identification of estrogen in brain incubates was not definitive. All tissues except muscle had 5α-reductase activity as shown by accumulation of 5α-androstandione. No 5α-dihydrotestosterone or estradiol-17α were identified in any samples. The presence of 5α-reductase in cyclostome brain is consistent with the widespread phylogenetic distribution of this enzyme although the occurrence of central aromatase activity in Agnatha has yet to be demonstrated.
Calcium and pH-induced structural changes in skinned muscle fibers: prevention by N-ethylmaleimide.

Abstract Optical diffractometry was used to investigate structural changes in contractile proteins from chemically skinned muscle fibers. The intensity of the first order diffraction line decreased in response to calcium and alkaline pH. Fibers pre-treated with sulfhydryl blocking agents did not exhibit the calcium- or pH- induced intensity decreases. We suggest that the decreases in intensity result from structural changes in the thick filament. Optical diffractometry may be a useful technique for the investigation of conformational changes in myosin.
Molecular requirements for trinitrophenyl recognition by antihapten cytotoxic t lymphocytes.

Abstract The requirement of direct covalent association of trinitrophenyl (Tnp) groups with cell surface components for functional interactions with anti-Tnp cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was analyzed. This question was approached by comparing the ability of two methods of trinitrophenylation to render cells susceptible to lysis by anti-Tnp CTLs. As previously shown, cells modified with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid were susceptible to H-2-restricted lysis by anti-Tnp CTLs. However, cells incubated with Sendai virus covalently associated with Tnp groups, were not rendered susceptible to lysis by anti-Tnp CTLs. These same target cells, however, were susceptible to H-2-restricted lysis by anti-Sendai virus CTLs. Direct analysis of the number of Tnp groups on cells modified by either method indicates no significant difference in the number of Tnp molecules associated with the different target cells. The results suggest that direct covalent association of Tnp groups with cell surface specific components is a minimal molecular requirement for recognition and lysis by anti-Tnp CTLs.
Properties of the radial sheath in H-mode plasma

Radial currents from a tiny electrode (not a limiter) are used to modify the plasma edge in CCT through the 〈j × B) force. The rotation produces a radial electric field which does not exceed vtiB where vti is the ion thermal velocity. By varying the current or the potential of the electrode, a variety of radial sheaths are generated. Up to 5 kV sheath potentials have been produced with no significant impurity effects. Bifurcation, related to plasma E × B rotation and dissipation in the sheath, has been demonstrated. The resulting signatures of the CCT plasma with large radial sheaths are comparable to that of the H-mode plasmas seen on main-line tokamaks. The transport improvements are related to the reduction of radial electrical conductivity and to the improvement of the magnetic surfaces. The latter improvement is seen to penetrate to the core.
Evidence That the Autoimmune Regulator Gene Influences Thymic Production of Ovarian Antigens and Prevents Autoimmune-Mediated Premature Reproductive Senescence

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call (800) 7953272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Lower Genital Tract Infections and HIV in Women.

Lower genital tract infections and HIV are major causes of morbidity and mortality among women; thier impact on the US economy amounts to several billion dollars each year. Most lower genital tract infections—and their adverse sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, and increased susceptibility to HIV—are caused by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This article reviews recent epidemiologic information relevant to some of the STDs that more commonly affect women, and recent advances in molecular biology, diagnostics, and treatments. Effective, consistent, and proper use of barrier contraception should be encouraged, to decrease the transmission of these infections.
Structure of an oligodeoxynucleotide containing a 1,N(2)-propanodeoxyguanosine adduct positioned in a palindrome derived from the Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 gene: Hoogsteen pairing at pH 5.2.

The structure of the 1,N 2 -Propanodeoxyguanosine (PdG) adduct was determined at pH 5.2 in the oligodeoxynucleotide duplex 5'-d(CGCGGTXTCCGCG)3'.5'-d(CGCGGACACCGCG)-3' (X = PdG). This sequence, referred to as the -TXT- sequence, is contained within the Salmonella typhimurium hisD3052 gene and contains a palindrome, representing a potential hotspot for frameshift mutagenesis. PdG provides a model for the primary adduct induced in DNA by malondialdehyde, the 3-(2'-deoxy-β-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)pyrimido[1,2-a]-purin-10(3H)-one (M 1 G) lesion. The solution structure was refined by molecular dynamics calculations restrained by a combination of NMR-derived distances and dihedral angles, using a simulated annealing protocol. PdG introduced a localized perturbation into the sequence at base pair X 7 .C 2 0 , which was pH-dependent. At neutral pH, conformational exchange resulted in spectral line broadening, and it was not possible to determine the structure. A stable structure was observed at pH 5.2 in which PdG rotated about the glycosyl bond into the syn conformation. This placed the exocyclic moiety into the major groove of the duplex. PdG formed a protonated Hoogsteen pair with nucleotide C 2 0 in the complementary strand. The pseudorotation of the deoxyribose at C 2 0 was altered to an approximately equal blend of C2'-endo and C3'-endo structures. However, these made little difference in the overall structure of the modified oligodeoxynucleotide. The structure was compared to that of PdG in the 5'-d(CGCXCGGCATG)-3'.5'-(CATGCCGCGCG)-3' sequence (the -CXC- sequence) at pH 5.8 [Singh, U. S., Moe, J. G., Reddy, G. R., Weisenseel, J. P., Marnett, L. J., and Stone, M. P. (1993) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 6, 825-836]. A sequence effect was observed. When PdG was placed into the -TXT- sequence at low pH, the structural perturbation was limited to the X 7 .C 2 0 base pair. In contrast, when PdG was placed into the -CXC- sequence at low pH, both the modified base pair and its 3'-neighbor base pair were disrupted. The results are discussed in the context of differential outcomes for site-specific mutagenesis and replication bypass experiments when PdG was placed in the -TXT- and -CXC-sequences, respectively.
Solutions of one-dimensional steady nozzle flow revisited

A formulation is presented by which any iteration process for obtaining the entropy increase in the flow of a one-dimensional steady nozzle is eliminated, and the simple solution of a quadratic equation is obtained. The proper parameters are then explicitly seen in the equation, and their effects on the solution are easily determined. Since only one root of the equation is physically admissible, entropy production, and therefore the shock wave, are uniquely determined by this set of parameters.
Neutron sources and spectra from cold fusion.

Deterministic methods are used to calculate the neutron and photon sources and spectra that would develop if fusion reactions were occurring in cold fusion experimental devices. The results from the calculations give the neutron and gamma spectra resulting from a 2.45-MeV and a 14.1 MeV neutron source. The neutron source strength from certain (gamma,n) and (alpha,n) reactions are also determined.
A deviance function for the quasi-likelihood method

SUMMARY We introduce a deviance function that can be used in conjunction with the quasilikelihood method. The need for such functions arises when the quasi-log likelihood function is not uniquely defined. The deviance is obtained by projecting a pair of centred likelihood ratios onto the direct sum of two Hilbert spaces spanned by the observations. Locally at the null and the alternative hypotheses, the deviance function is equivalent to the quasi-log likelihood ratio provided that the latter is uniquely defined. Like the quasilog likelihood ratio, it is invariant, antisymmetric and linear in the observations. It can be defined for both independent and dependent observations. In certain situations, when the quasi-score has multiple roots, the confidence set based on the deviance is better than that based on the score test. The deviance also induces a divergence measure between two sets of moments, which resembles Jeffreys divergence between two probability measures.
Histologic Confirmation of a Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy by Performing 3-Dimensional Transrectal Ultrasonography–guided Biopsy With Fusion to Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective To obtain a histologic confirmation of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, which still remains a challenge. Historically, biopsy protocols have been designed but have provided rather unsatisfactory results. We report the first case of histologic confirmation of a biochemical recurrence in the prostatectomy bed by performing 3-dimensional transrectal ultrasonography–guided biopsy with fusion to magnetic resonance images. Materials and Methods A 66-year-old man who underwent laparoscopic prostatectomy for a localized prostate cancer of Gleason sum 3+3=6 and preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of 8.9 ng/L was followed up yearly. Postoperative serum PSA value was Results Histologic findings confirmed the presence of a recurrence of the prostate cancer of Gleason sum 4+3=7 in both biopsies, and the patient was addressed to the radio-oncologist for salvage therapy. Conclusion The use of a transrectal approach with 3-dimensional guidance and MRI fusion allows correct sampling of prostate cancer recurrence nodules in the prostate bed. This procedure is easily performed in the outpatient clinic but still has to be validated in a larger series.
Glutamate may be an efferent transmitter that elicits inhibition in mouse taste buds.

Recent studies suggest that l-glutamate may be an efferent transmitter released from axons innervating taste buds. In this report, we determined the types of ionotropic synaptic glutamate receptors present on taste cells and that underlie this postulated efferent transmission. We also studied what effect glutamate exerts on taste bud function. We isolated mouse taste buds and taste cells, conducted functional imaging using Fura 2, and used cellular biosensors to monitor taste-evoked transmitter release. The findings show that a large fraction of Presynaptic (Type III) taste bud cells (∼50%) respond to 100 µM glutamate, NMDA, or kainic acid (KA) with an increase in intracellular Ca2+. In contrast, Receptor (Type II) taste cells rarely (4%) responded to 100 µM glutamate. At this concentration and with these compounds, these agonists activate glutamatergic synaptic receptors, not glutamate taste (umami) receptors. Moreover, applying glutamate, NMDA, or KA caused taste buds to secrete 5-HT, a Presynaptic taste cell transmitter, but not ATP, a Receptor cell transmitter. Indeed, glutamate-evoked 5-HT release inhibited taste-evoked ATP secretion. The findings are consistent with a role for glutamate in taste buds as an inhibitory efferent transmitter that acts via ionotropic synaptic glutamate receptors.
The use of gowns and masks to control respiratory illness in pediatric hospital personnel

DISCUSSION Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (formerly known as E. insidosa) is a nonmotile, non sporulating, nonencapsulated gram-positive microarophilic bacillus. This slowgrowing organism tends to become pleomorphic and gram negative on prolonged incubation ~, and it can be mistaken for Haernophilus in)quenzae on Gram smear. Poultry, fish, crab, and swine are frequently infected. Direct swine to man contact is the most significant mode of acquisition, whereas direct perSon-to-person transmission is rare. Erysipeloid is usually an occupational disease of butchers and fishermen. Typically, one to seven days after an exposure to meat or fish products, a red maculopapular lesion appears. The lesion progresses by centrifugal spreading and central clearing, taking on a target-shaped appearance with a normal center, a bluish ring, and sometimes a red peripheral halo. The differential diagnosis includes H. influenzae cellulitis and erysipelas. Hoeprich:' states, "The clinical appearance of erysipeloid is unique; once seen, the disease will always be recognized when encountered again." Usually there is no fever or leukocytosis, and the disease subsides spontaneously in three weeks. However, septicemia, septic arthritis, and endocarditis are occasional complications. The appearance of the skin lesion in this case was typical. We recovered E. rhusipathiae from an aspirate of the center of the lesion, but it is usually recommended to obtain the specimen from the margin? ~' We found only one other case report in the pediatric literature? The fever and elevated blood count in our patient suggest a more severe involvement in this age group. The prognosis is good in adults with or without treatment, but penicillin therapy is advised3; we believe that this recommendation is especially warranted in infants.
An Empirical Analysis of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale

A study was conducted to investigate the contributions of the Tennessee Self Concept Scale to the understanding of self-concept components. An Alpha Factor Analysis was employed to examine the inde...
Preoperative cerebral blood flow is diminished in neonates with severe congenital heart defects.

Objective Impaired neurodevelopmental outcome represents a major morbidity for survivors of infant heart surgery for congenital heart defects. Previous studies in these neonates have reported preoperative microcephaly, periventricular leukomalacia, and other findings. The hypothesis of this study is that preoperative cerebral blood flow is substantially diminished and might relate to preoperative neurologic conditions. Methods Preoperative brain magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Cerebral blood flow measurements in infants with congenital heart defects were obtained by using a novel noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging technique, pulsed arterial spin-label perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral blood flow was measured before the operation under standard ventilation and repeated after increased carbon dioxide. Results A total of 25 term infants were studied. The average age at the time of the operation was 4.4 ± 4.6 days. Congenital heart defects varied widely. Microcephaly occurred in 24% (6/25). Baseline cerebral blood flow was 19.7 ± 9.2 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 (8.0-42.2 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 ). Five patients had cerebral blood flow measurements of less than 10 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 . Mean hypercarbic cerebral blood flow increased to 40.1 ± 20.3 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 (11.4-94.0 mL · 100 g −1 · min −1 , P P = .04). Periventricular leukomalacia occurred in 28% (7/25) and was associated with decreased baseline cerebral blood flow values ( P = .05) and a smaller change in cerebral blood flow with hypercarbia ( P = .003). Conclusions Structural brain abnormalities are common in these neonates before surgical intervention. Preoperative cerebral blood flow for this cohort was low and drastically reduced in some patients. Low cerebral blood flow values were associated with periventricular leukomalacia. Carbon dioxide reactivity was preserved but might be compromised by some aspects of the cardiac anatomy. The full spectrum of cerebral blood flow measurements with this technique in congenital heart defects and their long-term significance require continued investigation.
Synthesis and SANS Structural Characterization of Polymer-Substituted Fullerenes (Flagellenes)

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) has been shown to be an appropriate technique for the structural characterization of fullerenes in solvents with strong SANS contrast (e.g., CS 2 ) [Affholter, K. A. ; Henderson, S. J. ; Wignall, G. D. ; Bunick, G. J. ; Haufler, R. E. ; Compton, R. N. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 9224]. Since deuterated solvents (e.g., toluene-d 8 ) have a high scattering length density (SLD) which is close to that of C 60 and C 70 fullerenes, there is virtually no SANS contrast with the solvent, and these particles are practically invisible in such media. On the other hand, the negative scattering length of hydrogen means that the SLD of 1 H-containing materials is much lower, so they have a strong contrast with toluene-d 8 . Thus, SANS makes it possible to study the sizes and shapes of polymer-substituted fullerenes (flagellenes) [Samulski, E. T. ; DeSimone, J. M. ; Hung, M. O., Jr. ; Menceloglu, Y. Z. ; Jarnagin, R. C. ; York, G. A. ; Labat, K. B. ; Wang, H. Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 1153]. Mono- and dipolystyrene-substituted C 60 were synthesized via termination of living anionic polymerization of styrene in an optimization of our previous work [Samulski et al.]. These materials were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The extrapolated cross section at zero angle of scatter [dΣ/dΩ(0)] is a function of the number of pendant chains, so SANS can be used to assess the number of arms which are covalently attached to the fullerene core. Close agreement (±4%) between the measured and calculated values of dΣ/dΩ(0) and with independent estimates of the radius of gyration (R g ) and second virial coefficient (A 2 ) for a linear polystyrene calibration sample serves as a cross check on the validity of this methodology.
Nocturnal Fish Use of New Jersey Marsh Creek and Adjacent Bay Shoal Habitats

Night-time sampling with gill nets in the Little Egg Harbor estuary revealed a component of the estuarine fish fauna, hitherto poorly documented, which is comprised of relatively large size classes of juvenile and adult life history stages. The fishesMustelus canis, Pomatomus saltatrix, Paralichthys dentatus, Brevoortia tyrannus, Prionotus evolansandAlosa mediocriswere the most abundant fishes captured. These observations suggest that Mid-Atlantic Bight estuaries are important nurseries for juvenile stages beyond the first year, as well as for the young of the year (YOY). Although many other studies emphasise the importance of estuaries as nurseries for YOY stages, the importance of estuaries to later juvenile life stages has been largely overlooked. This component of estuarine fish fauna has been poorly represented in previous North American studies because of probable gear avoidance, and because most studies are conducted primarily during the day. The authors hypothesise that these later juvenile stages are likely to be important estuarine faunal components in other geographic regions, as well as in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. A descriptive comparison of catches between ebb and flood tide stages, and between bay shoal and tidal marsh creek habitats, suggests that later juvenile and adult stages of several species make tidal migrations into shallow estuarine habitats, such as shoals and marsh creeks, during the night hours.
Psychological adjustment of visually handicapped children and youth

Abstract Recent evidence has suggested that visually handicapped children and adolescents experience difficulties in psychological functioning. This review examines the psychological, psychiatric, and vision literatures in four areas of adjustment in this population: intellectual functioning, personality characteristics, social development, and psychopathology. Although prevalence of maladjustment has been documented, a number of mediating variables appear to influence development in the visually impaired, including etiology of vision loss, extent of impairment, and residential setting. The paucity of controlled research makes it difficult to draw firm conclusions from the data at this time. However, preliminary formulations suggest that although visual impairment places children and adolescents at high risk of psychological dysfunction, it does not, by itself necessarily cause maladjustment. It is suggested that future research emphasize (a) increased use of more precise diagnostic assessment tools, (b) further delineation of subject characteristics, and (c) a multidisciplinary approach to psychological adjustment in this population.
Monitoring the atmospheric boundary layer by GPS radio occultation signals recorded in the open-loop mode

[1] A new type of radio occultation (RO) data, recorded in open-loop (OL) mode from the SAC-C satellite, has been tested for monitoring refractivity in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). Previously available RO signals, recorded in phase-locked loop mode were often unusable for sensing the lower troposphere (LT) or resulted in significant inversion errors, especially in the tropics. The OL RO signals allow sensing of the LT and accurate monitoring of the ABL and, especially, its depth. Comparison of RO-inverted refractivity profiles to ECMWF analysis and available radiosondes generally shows good agreement in the depth of the ABL. However, in a number of cases, ECMWF fails to reproduce the top of ABL. Future OL RO signals will provide information about the ABL depth which is an important parameter for weather prediction and climate monitoring.
Health and health care among housestaff in four U.S. internal medicine residency programs

BACKGROUND: Although there have been many studies of the health care services that resident physicians provide, little is known about the health care services they receive.
Transition model for high-speed flow

A transition model for low-speed flows has previously been developed by Young et al. which incorporates first-mode (Tollmien-Schlichting) disturbance information from linear stability theory. The present work extends the model to high-speed flows by incorporating the effects of second-mode disturbances. The transition model is incorporated into a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver with a one-equation turbulence model. Results using a variable turbulent Prandtl number approach demonstrate that the current model accurately reproduces available experimental data for first- and second-mode dominated transitional flows. The performance of the present model shows significant improvement over previous transition modeling attempts.
Fenestrated blood vessels in human skeletal muscle

In a fine structural study of 32 skeletal muscle biopsies, rare examples of fenestrated blood vessels (FV) were found in three cases. In view of similar observations reported in a case of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, it is suggested that FV albeit rare may occur in skeletal muscle at least under pathologic conditions. These aberrant FV may be derived from adjacent dermis and/or epineurium which are known to contain occasional FV. Alternatively, the occurrence of fenestrae may reflect a nonspecific alteration in pre-existing continuous endothelium. The significance, if any, of their presence in skeletal muscle is unknown.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WAIS-R AND THE WRAT IN A GERIATRIC SAMPLE WITH SUSPECTED DEMENTIA

Pearson product-moment correlations between the standard scores of the Wide Range Achievement Test (Spelling, Reading, and Arithmetic) and the WAIS-R Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, Performance IQ and the scaled scores of the individual subtests were calculated for a geriatric sample with suspected dementia (M age = 72.37 yr.). The three areas of achievement, as measured by the Wide-Range Achievement Test, correlated highly with the WAIS-R IQs and subtest scaled scores. Results are discussed and directions for future research are recommended.
Intracellular Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum regulates slow wave currents and pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) provide pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal muscles that underlies segmental and peristaltic contractions. ICC generate electrical slow waves that are due to la...
Effect of sampling location, time, and method of concentration of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid.

Abstract In experiment 1, rumen fluid samples were obtained from dorsal, midpoint, and ventral regions of the rumen of rumen-fistulated dairy cows at hourly intervals for 24 h. Dorsal, midpoint, and ventral rumen fluid samples contained 16.1, 14.2, and 12.1 mg/100 ml of ammonia nitrogen. Time after feeding resulted in differences in the concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid with the greatest concentration 30 to 90 min postfeeding. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen was greater for cows fed a high-concentrate diet (14.7% crude protein, 86% concentrate) than for cows receiving a normal diet (15.1% crude protein, 42% concentrate), 15.2 versus 13.1 mg/100 ml. In a second experiment, rumen fluid samples were obtained immediately before feeding and at 1 and 6 h postfeeding by stomach tube and from dorsal, midpoint, ventral, and mixed rumen contents via a rumen cannula. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (mg/100 ml) in the respective rumen fluid samples were 14.3, 23.0, 18.3, 17.2, and 19.6. Location of sampling, method of sampling, time of sampling, type of diet, and rumen fluid volume are factors that affect the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in rumen fluid.
Imagining learning spaces at Wayne State University's new David Adamany Undergraduate Library

Abstract Planners for the David Adamany Undergraduate Library at Wayne State University designed creative learning spaces in the building to further and enhance concepts critical to information literacy efforts, such as collaborative learning, integrating information resources into the curriculum, and resource-based learning.
Retinoscopic measurement of the refractive state of the rat.

Abstract Using retinoscopy, we measured the refractive state of 96 eyes of three different strains of rats: albino Sprague-Dawley, Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) with and without inherited retinal dystrophy, and lean and obese varieties of Zucker rats. Contrary to previous reports, we do not find consistent high hyperopia in the rat, but rather refractions that range from near emmetropia (−0.12D) to extreme hyperopia (+18.95D). This range of refractive errors suggests a poorly developed emmetropization mechanism in the rat, and that individual refractions should be performed on animals utilized in experiments where refractive state is critical.
Sire predicted transmitting ability for conformation and yield traits and previous lactation incidence of foot lesions as risk factors for the incidence of foot lesions in Holstein cows.

Abstract The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate the repeatability of foot lesions [sole ulcers (SU), white line disease (WLD), and digital dermatitis (DD)] across multiple lactations, (2) to evaluate the effect of foot lesions on cow survivability and milk production across multiple lactations, and (3) to investigate the role of sire predicted transmitting ability (PTA) for conformation and production traits as risk factors for the incidence of SU, WLD, and DD. Data were collected from a dairy farm located in Cayuga County, New York. A total of 11,442 cows having first calved during the period from May 13, 2001, to March 26, 2012, were enrolled in the study. Data regarding sire genetic evaluations were obtained from DairyBulls.com ( http://www.DairyBulls.com ). Lameness was detected and treated and lesions were recorded into a dairy record database (DairyCOMP 305; Valley Agricultural Software, Tulare, CA) by trained farm employees. All demographic, production, and foot lesion data were extracted from DairyCOMP 305 and merged with the sires’ PTA information to form a unique database. Mixed logistic regression, general linear mixed, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the data. Sole ulcers, WLD, and DD incidence was significantly higher for cows affected with SU, WLD, or DD in previous lactations. Cows affected with WLD or DD during the first lactation had significantly higher WLD or DD incidence during the second and the third lactations. Cows affected with SU or WLD during their first lactation had significantly lower milk production during the second lactation and cows diagnosed with SU, WLD, or DD during their second lactation had higher second-lactation mature-equivalent 305-d milk yield. Sire PTA for milk and protein yield were significantly associated with the incidence of SU, WLD, and DD and incidence of SU and WLD, respectively. Sire PTA for several conformation traits were found to be associated with SU, WLD, and DD incidence. Cows that were affected with SU or WLD during their first lactation were at 1.18 or 1.43 higher hazard of culling than unaffected cows, respectively. In summary, we conclude that SU, WLD, and DD are highly repeatable across lactations and that high genetic merit for milk and protein production as well as milk production (phenotype) were significantly associated with higher risk of SU, WLD, and DD. Additionally, sire PTA for several conformation traits were significantly associated with their daughters’ foot lesion incidence.
Identification of Productive Layers in Low-Permeability Gas Wells

This paper presents new guidelines for determining net pay thickness in low-permeability, multilayered gas wells. These criteria were developed from a sensitivity study performed with an analytical solution for complex multilayered reservoirs. The purpose of this study is to determine whether many layers now considered to contribute to net pay actually have transmissibilities too low for the layer to be productive, causing performance projections from current singly-layer descriptive models to be too optimistic.
Mechanisms of multidrug resistance in human tumor cells. The roles of P-glycoprotein, DNA topoisomerase II, and other factors

Multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a well-described experimental phenomenon that appears to have clinical correlates. However, recent descriptions of non-P-glycoprotein forms of MDR have complicated efforts to detect and circumvent MDR in the tumors of patients. One major form of natural product MDR appears to be due to alterations in the amount of activity of DNA topoisomerase II. Compared to Pgp-MDR cells, cells expressing this form of MDR (at-MDR) do not overexpress the mdr1 gene or its product, Pgp, are unaltered in drug accumulation and retention, are unaffected by such 'modulators' of Pgp-MDR as verapamil, and express this phenotype recessively. Recently, other MDR cell lines have been described with some characteristics of Pgp-MDR (decreased drug accumulation and retention, increased drug cytotoxicity by modulators of MDR), but not others (no expression of the mdr1 gene or Pgp). Whether any non-Pgp forms of MDR occur in patients' tumors remains to be determined.
The edge-bandwidth of theta graphs

An edge-labeling f of a graph G is an injection from E(G) to the set of integers. The edge-bandwidth of G is B′(G) = minf {B′(f)} where B′(f) is the maximum difference between labels of incident edges of G. The theta graph Θ(l1,…,lm) is the graph consisting of m pairwise internally disjoint paths with common endpoints and lengths l1 ≤ ··· ≤ lm. We determine the edge-bandwidth of all theta graphs. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 35: 89–98, 2000
Bridge inspection in Kansas

The purpose of this paper is to give the reader a brief insight into the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) Bridge Inspection Program. The State of Kansas has 25,580 bridge length structures within its boundaries used to carry vehicle traffic or pedestrians, excluding railroad. This total ranks third within the nation according to the November issue of 'Better Roads.' The total number of structures listed includes 20,453 structures owned by local governments, 340 structures owned by the Kansas Turnpike Authority, and 4,787 structures owned by the KDOT. This paper will deal specifically with the KDOT structures only.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Challenges of combined sewer overflow disinfection by ultraviolet light irradiation

This article examines the performance and effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation for disinfection of combined sewer overflow (CSO). Due to the negative impact of conventional water disinfectants on aquatic life, new agents (e.g., UV light) are being investigated for CSO. This low-quality water with high flow rates, volumes, and suspended solids content requires the use of high-rate techniques for its disinfection. Although many pilot-scale studies have investigated UV irradiation as an alternative technology, to date no full-scale CSO treatment facilities in the United States are using UV light. A survey of the major pilot-scale studies investigating UV light as a CSO disinfectant suggests that UV light irradiation, correctly applied, is an effective alternative to chlorination for CSO. The success of disinfecting with UV light seems to be strongly dependent on water quality. Thus, pretreatment of CSO prior to disinfection is a major prerequisite to ensure UV light effectiveness.
A Case Report Demonstrating Unambiguous Clinical Utility of Pet/CT Scanning in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer.

There has been discussion and debate in the medical literature regarding the clinical value of PET/CT scans in ovarian cancer, particularly focusing on evidence whether the technology is of predictive versus solely prognostic utility. In the somewhat unusual case reported here, the results of the PET/CT scan were extremely helpful in developing a rational management strategy. The case emphasizes the critical need to specifically address the issue of whether data generated from an expensive diagnostic test will be useful in an individual patient’s management before it is obtained.
Translation Repression in Human Cells by MicroRNA-Induced Gene Silencing Requires RCK/p54

RNA interference is triggered by double-stranded RNA that is processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by Dicer enzyme. Endogenously, RNA interference triggers are created from small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs). RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISC) in human cells can be programmed by exogenously introduced siRNA or endogenously expressed miRNA. siRNA-programmed RISC (siRISC) silences expression by cleaving a perfectly complementary target mRNA, whereas miRNA-induced silencing complexes (miRISC) inhibits translation by binding imperfectly matched sequences in the 3′ UTR of target mRNA. Both RISCs contain Argonaute2 (Ago2), which catalyzes target mRNA cleavage by siRISC and localizes to cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies (P-bodies). Here, we show that RCK/p54, a DEAD box helicase, interacts with argonaute proteins, Ago1 and Ago2, in affinity-purified active siRISC or miRISC from human cells; directly interacts with Ago1 and Ago2 in vivo, facilitates formation of P-bodies, and is a general repressor of translation. Disrupting P-bodies by depleting Lsm1 did not affect RCK/p54 interactions with argonaute proteins and its function in miRNA-mediated translation repression. Depletion of RCK/p54 disrupted P-bodies and dispersed Ago2 throughout the cytoplasm but did not significantly affect siRNA-mediated RNA functions of RISC. Depleting RCK/p54 released general, miRNA-induced, and let-7-mediated translational repression. Therefore, we propose that translation repression is mediated by miRISC via RCK/p54 and its specificity is dictated by the miRNA sequence binding multiple copies of miRISC to complementary 3′ UTR sites in the target mRNA. These studies also suggest that translation suppression by miRISC does not require P-body structures, and location of miRISC to P-bodies is the consequence of translation repression.
What are we missing with only ground-level mist nets? Using elevated nets at a migration stopover site

Mist nets deployed in a standard ground-level fashion capture birds approximately 0.5-2.6 m above the ground. In habitats where the vegetation extends above this height, standard mist net deployment may inadequately sample the targeted avian community and age- and sex-classes within species. Such sampling biases may raise questions regarding studies based on data from mist-net captures. To determine if birds were equally likely to be captured by mist nets at different heights, we constructed a series of paired ground-level and elevated mist nets (hereafter "net rigs") at a research station in western New York State. Net rigs were operated during 14 migration seasons from 2000 to 2006 (spring and fall each year), and 19,735 birds of 118 species were captured. Capture rates were significantly higher in ground-level nets, but 12 species were only captured in elevated nets. Of 44 species with at least 50 captures, 25 species were more likely to be captured in the ground-level nets and two species in the elevated nets. For four of 18 species, more birds were captured in the elevated nets during fall migration than during spring migration. We conclude that standard ground-level net placement was more efficient in capturing birds in the secondary growth habitats that we sampled. However, ground-level nets may not adequately sample the entire targeted community or all age- or sex-classes within species. SINOPSIS. Que informaci´ on estamos perdiendo con el uso de redes de niebla al nivel del suelo. Uso de redes elevadas en un punto de parada de migratorios Redes de niebla colocadas de forma estandar capturan aves que vuelan entre 0.5 y 2.6 m, sobre el nivel del suelo. En hdonde la vegetacise extiende sobre la altura previamente indicada, las redes de niebla colocadas de forma estandar, pudieran muestrear inadecuadamente la comunidad de aves y la estructura de edad y sexo en las poblaciones. Estos sesgos de muestreo pueden levantar interrogantes sobre estudios que utilizen de forma usual redes de niebla. Para determinar si las aves eran capturadas en igualdad de condiciones, con redes colocadas a diferentes alturas, colocamos redes contiguas, a la altura cotidiana y otras elevadas en una estacide investigaci´ on en el estado de Nueva York. De 2000-2006 operamos redes elevadas (durante la primavera y el oto˜
A nonidentical parallel processor scheduling problem

The problem considered in this article is a generalization of the familiar makespan problem, in which n jobs are allocated among m parallel processors, so as to minimize the maximum time (or cost) on any processor. Our problem is more general, in that we allow the processors to have (a) different initial costs, (b) different utilization levels before new costs are incurred, and (c) different rates of cost increase. A heuristic adapted from the bin-packing problem is shown to provide solutions which are close to optimal as the number of iterations is allowed to increase. Computational testing, over a large number of randomly generated problem instances, suggests that heuristic errors are, on average, very small.
Working definitions: educational organization and the meaning of multiculturalism

Draws on interviews with 76 English professors in 4 US universities to document emerging definitions of multiculturalism and connect them to organizational conditions in each department. Suggests that findings showed that the professors assigned meaning to the ambiguous and contested word, multiculturalism, according to the principles of organizational convenience rather than poligical conviction. Emphasizes the power of institutional routines for withstanding ideological challenges and illuminates the mechanisms through which resistance operates.
Aberrated beam propagation through turbulence and comparison of Monte Carlo simulations to field test measurements

Optical beam spread and beam quality factor in the presence of both an initial quartic phase aberration and atmospheric turbulence are studied. We obtain the analytical expressions for both beam radius-squared and the beam quality factor using the moment method, and we compare these expressions with the results from Monte Carlo simulations, which allow us to mutually validate the theory and the Monte Carlo simulation codes. We then analyze the first- and second-order statistical moments of the fluctuating intensity of a propa- gating laser beam and the probability density function versus intensity as the beam propagates through a tur- bulent atmosphere with constant C 2. At the end, we compare our analytical expression and our simulations with field test experimental results, and we find a good agreement. © 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
ScalableBulk: Scalable Cache Coherence for Atomic Blocks in a Lazy Environment

Recently-proposed architectures that continuously operate onatomic blocks of instructions (also called chunks) can boost the programmability and performance of shared-memory multiprocessing. However, they must support chunk operations very efficiently. In particular, in lazy conflict-detection environments, it is key that they provide scalable chunk commits. Unfortunately, current proposals typically fail to enable maximum overlap of conflict-free chunk commits. This paper presents a novel directory-based protocol that enables highly-overlapped, scalable chunk commits. The protocol, called Scalable Bulk, builds on the previously-proposed BulkSCprotocol. It introduces three general hardware primitives for scalable commit: preventing access to a set of directory entries, grouping directory modules, and initiating the commit optimistically. Our results with SPLASH-2 and PARSEC codes with up to 64 processors show that Scalable Bulk enables highly-overlapped chunk commits and delivers scalable performance. Unlike previously proposed schemes, it removes practically all commit stalls.