cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Similar synapse elimination motifs at successive relays in the same efferent pathway during development in mice

In many parts of the nervous system, signals pass across multiple synaptic relays on their way to a destination, but little is known about how these relays form and the function they serve. To get some insight into this question we ask how the connectivity patterns are organized at two successive synaptic relays in a simple, cholinergic efferent pathway. We found that the organization at successive relays in the parasympathetic nervous system strongly resemble each other despite the different embryological origin and physiological properties of the pre- and postsynaptic cells. Additionally, we found a similar developmental synaptic pruning and elaboration strategy is used at both sites to generate their adult organizations. The striking parallels in adult innervation and developmental mechanisms at the relays argue that a general strategy is in operation. We discuss why from a functional standpoint this structural organization may amplify central signals while at the same time maintaining positional targeting.
Transepithelial crosslinking retreatment of progressive corneal ectasia unresponsive to classic crosslinking

A 41-year-old man presented 10 years after uneventful laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with symptomatic post-LASIK ectasia. He had treatment with the classic Dresden epithelium-off technique and presented 4 years later with progression of the ectasia. He was subsequently retreated with conductive keratoplasty (CK) followed by a new proprietary epithelium-on corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) procedure using a proprietary transepithelial riboflavin formulation and delivery system on the following day. One year after retreatment, the patient noted stable vision in the treated eye with a corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) of 20/60 + . Thus, epithelium-on CXL, if performed with appropriate formulations and delivery technology as well as careful attention to appropriate riboflavin loading of the stroma, can stabilize an ectatic cornea. In addition, when performed prior to CXL, CK can induce a significant, lasting improvement in corneal shape and CDVA. This technique merits further study.
The Coronet—Leslie Forsyte

This case and its companion, "The Coronet—Cameron Baker" (UVA-QA-0763), are intended for undergraduate, executive education, and MBA audiences. They were written for a "Bargaining and Negotiating" elective. This case is from the perspective of Leslie Forsyte, the founder of a vintage car restoration company. Forsyte's current project—the restoration of a 1970 Dodge Super Bee—only requires doors in order to be completed. After months of searching, Forsyte has finally found an ad for a 1970 Dodge Coronet, a car possessing doors that match the Super Bee's. Excerpt UVA-QA-0764 Rev. Apr. 27, 2012 The Coronet—Leslie Forsyte As the founder of Vintage Motor Car Ltd. (VMC), Leslie Forsyte had over the past decade built a thriving business in rebuilding vintage automobiles and motorcycles. VMC had earned a national reputation for expertise in restoring 1970s-era high-performance American “muscle” cars. A current project was the restoration of one of the most unusual cars of the 70s: a 1970 Dodge Super Bee with a powerful “hemi” engine. Fully restored, this car would easily bring $ 110,000 at one of the annual specialty car auctions, such as Barrett-Jackson or Pebble Beach Automotive Week. VMC had all the original body parts for the Super Bee except the two front doors with window glass. For six months, VMC had been searching unsuccessfully for reasonably priced original equipment manufacturer (OEM) doors. It seemed as if they didn't exist. As the project dragged on, the client had become increasingly anxious because she wanted to show the car at the Amelia Island Concours d'Elegance car show next month. Reproduction doors and windows were available at a cost of $ 3,500. Because they were not OEM, however, they would most likely devalue the car by at least $ 10,000. So far, the client had not been open to accepting reproduction doors. Coronets in very good condition were occasionally listed from $ 5,000 to $ 8,000 on classic-car websites. At the moment, there was one available for $ 7,250. Forsyte hated the thought of buying the whole car just to get the doors, and transporting it from several states away would be expensive. VMC had $ 15,000 invested in the project, not to mention its reputation and a prestigious client on the line. The Super Bee project had to be completed in the weeks ahead, and the doors were the only impediment. Although the Super Bee had the same body panels as a Dodge Charger, Plymouth Road Runner, and Dodge Coronet, months of reading nationally published classic-car classified ads, checking local auto classifieds online, and scouring the newspapers from all over the state had not produced any doors that matched the Super Bee's. . . .
Analytical nuclear derivatives for the parametric two-electron reduced density matrix method

Abstract Efficient and accurate nuclear gradients are essential to performing molecular optimizations. Here for the first time we present analytical nuclear gradients for the parametric two-electron reduced-density-matrix method (p2-RDM), which uses the 2-RDM as the primary variable in calculations in lieu of the many-electron wavefunction. While numerical gradients require six energy evaluations for each atom, analytical gradients require only a single calculation for each geometry sampled. We present benchmark p2-RDM geometry optimizations that show analytical gradients reduce CPU times by as much as 80%, even for small molecules. We also use p2-RDM to evaluate the bond length alternation (BLA), or the difference in length between adjacent single and double bonds, of trans -polyacetylene (PA). We find that the BLA in the extrapolated limit to be 0.080 A, in agreement with experiment and closely mirroring the prediction of the more expensive coupled-cluster with single and double excitations with perturbative triples (CCSD(T)).
Recent Advances in Screening for Barrett's Esophagus.

There is a pressing need for effective strategies to halt the increase in both the incidence and mortality of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Screening for Barrett’s esophagus, which is the only known precursor of EAC, remains a ripe area for research, particularly with regard to identifying the target population, screening tools, and management of screen-detected populations. This review aims to explore in depth the rationale for screening for Barrett’s esophagus, recent biotechnological advances which may have the potential of making screening feasible, and also highlight the challenges which will have to be overcome in order make screening for BE a realistic prospect. Imaging techniques such as portable transnasal endoscopy have the advantage of providing an immediate diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus as well as other significant pathologies such as reflux esophagitis and cancer; however, larger studies in non-enriched community screening populations are required to evaluate their feasibility. The capsule sponge is a cell-sampling device coupled with a biomarker, which has been most extensively evaluated with very promising results as regards feasibility, acceptability, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness. Its effectiveness in increasing the detection of Barrett’s esophagus in primary care is currently being evaluated. Several Barrett’s esophagus risk prediction scores have been developed with variable degrees of accuracy. Several minimally and non-invasive screening techniques have been studied including imaging and cell-sampling devices. Barrett’s risk assessment models need to be further validated in independent, relevant screening populations with clear cut-offs for recommending screening to be defined.
Clinical feasibility of x-ray based pose estimation of a transthoracic echo probe using attached fiducials

Co-registered display of x-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) and echocardiography during structural heart interventions can provide visualization of both catheter-based devices and soft tissue anatomy. For transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), registration can be achieved by estimating the probe pose in the x-ray image. This work investigated the potential clinical requirements for a similar approach using a transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) probe with attached x-ray-visible fiducials. Clinically, the limited number of acoustic windows for TTE dictates probe positioning on the chest, and the interventional task drives the positioning of the C-arm gantry of the x-ray system. A fiducial apparatus must be compatible with these positions and allow for accurate 3D probe pose estimation. TTE imaging of the aortic and mitral valves was performed on eight healthy subjects to determine typical 3D probe positioning in parasternal and apical acoustic windows. This data was incorporated into software that allowed for the simulation of different 3D configurations of fiducials relative to the probe, patient and x-ray system. Three candidate fiducial designs were identified, each consisting of two 40-mm diameter rings with 16 3-mm diameter spheres. X-ray imaging was simulated for C-arm angles of 30° RAO, PA, and 30° LAO, each with cranial-caudal angles typical of a TAVR procedure. Subjectively graded TTE image quality was highest for the parasternal long axis window. A fiducial configuration for the parasternal long window was identified which yielded median 3D TRE ranging from 0.44 mm to 1.04 mm in simulations. An experimental prototype of this design produced a measured 3D TRE of 1.25±0.19 mm.
Case for Adaptation

Today’s world faces existential threats to water systems in the form of intensifying floods and droughts, increasing risks to global supply chains, chronic shortages, hidden vulnerabilities in the water-energy-land-food (WELF) nexus, increasing pollution, and degrading aquatic ecosystems. These threats occur in the context of unsustainable use, environmental change, fragmented and weak governance, and a global economy that is heavily water dependent. This book makes that case that business-as-usual water science, management, and decision-making institutions are not up to the task of solving today’s global water problems and planning for an uncertain future. A path forward using ideas from resilience theory, Decision Making Under Uncertainty (DMUU), socio-hydrology, adaptive management, social learning, and public engagement offers a new paradigm for water planning and policy.
The Fundamental Theorem of Differential Geodesy

In this chapter we take the first step towards investigating the global, i.e. large-scale, structure of the geopotential field. We first state the Pizzetti Theorem, which we call the Fundamental Theorem of Differential Geodesy, since it essentially specifies the natural domain of validity of differential geodesy. Intuitively, one is accustomed to assuming that the nearby equipotential surfaces of a uniformly rotating Earth are closed surfaces which are locally isometrically imbedded in an Euclidean 3-space E3, and Pizzetti’s result indicates when this is a reasonable assumption. We then examine the Extension Problem which, in effect, considers to what extent Gaussian differential geometry can in practice be applied to the study of these equipotential surfaces.
Low Pt Particle Spectra and Strangelet Search from Au + Au Collisions: Final Results From BNL-AGS Experiment E878

The primary motivation for the E878 experiment was to perform a high sensitivity study of rare processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions; in particular, we wanted to investigate antinuclei production and to try to detect (if they exist) small ”chunks” of strange quark matter, usually referred to as strangelets.1, 2 Of course, as events were sampled looking for the production of one of these rare particles, more copiously produced particles were detected as well. Thus, t he E878 results include pion, kaon, proton and light nuclei production cross sections, in addition to antiproton spectra and production limits on strangelets. As is indicated in the title of this talk, the analysis of E878 data has been completed, and her e we wish to review some of the more interesting physics to come out of this experiment.
Evolution or revolution? Television in transformation:

Exceptional changes have transpired in the last decade related to the screen technologies we use to view television and the technologies of distribution through which we receive it. These changes have raised several questions – including the most basic and ontological query of what is television? Although our experience of television has quickly transitioned to adopt new ways of viewing, the previous screen and distribution technologies also persist. Valuable scholarship exists to frame changes in television (Spigel, 2004), distribution technologies (Jenkins, 2006) and the pluriformity of the current environment (Uricchio, 2009), and elsewhere I’ve drawn on all of the above to propose a way to understand the 21st-century television distribution ecosystem (Lotz, 2017)...
Ignorance and Democracy

Anyone familiar with traditional ideas about the origins and nature of our democracy will be surprised to learn that contemporary Fourth Amendment doctrine governing consent searches accepts--even encourages-ignorance among the people about their constitutional rights. Consent can justify otherwise illegal searches even if the consenting individuals do not know they possess the constitutional right to say "no." For more than a third of a century, Supreme Court opinions have decreed that a person can consent to government intrusions otherwise prohibited by the Fourth Amendment if that decision is "voluntary" according to the "totality of the circumstances" standard that the Court has held inadequate to protect other constitutional rights. As a result, the Fourth Amendment right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures receives less protection than other rights, including the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and, of greatest relevance here, the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. In general, decisions to relinquish Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights are judged against the constitutional waiver test, which requires not only that decisions are voluntary, but also that they are "knowing and intelligent." As a practical matter, the knowing and intelligent prong of the waiver test requires that government actors, whether police officers, prosecutors, or judges, must advise people of the nature of the constitutional rights they are forsaking. Yet, people ignorant of their Fourth Amendment rights can relinquish them by acceding to government requests for consent to search. The Supreme Court's doctrine of Fourth Amendment consent contradicts the most fundamental notions of individual autonomy embodied in the Constitution. And it does not exist as a deviation from other doctrines now established in Fourth Amendment jurisprudence, particularly the expectation of privacy and assumption of the risk theories first articulated by the Warren Court.
Environmental and Sociological Factors Associated with the Incidence of West Nile Virus Cases in the Northern San Joaquin Valley of California, 2011–2015

Environmental and socioeconomic risk factors associated with the incidence of human West Nile virus (WNV) cases were investigated in the Northern San Joaquin Valley region of California, a largely rural area. The study included human WNV cases from the years 2011 to 2015 in the three-county area of San Joaquin, Stanislaus, and Merced Counties, and used census tracts as the unit of analysis. Environmental factors included temperature, precipitation, and WNV-positive mosquito pools. Socioeconomic variables included age, housing age, housing foreclosures, median income, and ethnicity. Chi-square independence tests were used to examine whether each variable was associated with the incidence of WNV cases using data from the three counties combined. In addition, negative binomial regression revealed that the environmental factors of temperature and precipitation were the strongest predictors of the incidence of human WNV cases, while the socioeconomic factor of ethnicity was a significant predictor as well, and is a factor to consider in prevention efforts. Source reduction of mosquito breeding sites and targeted prevention and education remain key in reducing the risk associated with WNV.
Presenting colors at specific locations: evidence for location priming?

There is general agreement that visual attention is selective. There is less agreement about the role played by spatial location in visual selection. Recent theories (e.g., feature integration and object identification) suggest a special role for spatial location. The present study tested a prediction derived from the hypothesis that there is a unique role for spatial location in the recognition of visual stimuli. The procedure involved priming locations for specific colors. Subjects were presented a colored prime at one of four possible locations. After an SOA of 150 msec, a colored target letter appeared at the primed location. The target either matched or mismatched the prime in color. Subjects pressed a key to identify the target letter. The results indicated that response latency was not facilitated when targets matched their primes in color. Thus, no evidence of color-at-location priming was obtained.
Acute Cardiotoxicity With Concurrent Trastuzumab and Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients

Purpose: Radiotherapy for patients with non-metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive breast cancer is commonly administered concurrently with adjuvant trastuzumab. However, there is limited data on the use of concurrent trastuzumab and hypofractionated radiotherapy (Hypo-RT), which is now standard of care for the majority of women receiving whole breast irradiation. In this study, we compared acute cardiotoxicity rates in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with concurrent trastuzumab and Hypo-RT or conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (Conv-RT). Methods: We performed a review of our institutional database to identify HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab and Hypo-RT or Conv-RT from 2005 to 2018 who underwent serial cardiac Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) evaluation. Decrease in LVEF was assessed by either echocardiography (ECHO) or multiple gated acquisition (MUGA) scan performed at baseline and every 3 months during trastuzumab therapy. Significant LVEF decline was defined as an absolute decrease in LVEF of ≥10% below the lower limit of normal or ≥16% from baseline value. Results: We identified 41 patients treated with Hypo-RT and 100 patients treated with Conv-RT. Median follow-up was 32 months (range, 13-90 months). Baseline median LVEF was 62% (range, 50-81%) in Hypo-RT group and 64% (range, 51-76%) in Conv-RT group (p = 0.893). Final median LVEF was 60% (range, 50-75%) in both groups. Three patients (7%) in Hypo-RT and five (5%) in Conv-RT group developed significant asymptomatic LVEF decline (p = 0.203). There was no significant difference in mean heart dose in patients who developed significant asymptomatic LVEF decline vs. those who did not in Hypo-RT (p = 0.427) and Conv-RT (p = 0.354) groups. No symptomatic congestive heart failure was reported in either group. Conclusions: The rate of asymptomatic LVEF decline in patients receiving concurrent trastuzumab and Hypo-RT was low (7%) and was similar to the rate observed in patients receiving Conv-RT. Longer follow-up is warranted to assess late cardiotoxicity.
Noise-boosted bidirectional backpropagation and adversarial learning

Abstract Bidirectional backpropagation trains a neural network with backpropagation in both the backward and forward directions using the same synaptic weights. Special injected noise can then improve the algorithm’s training time and accuracy because backpropagation has a likelihood structure. Training in each direction is a form of generalized expectation–maximization because backpropagation itself is a form of generalized expectation–maximization. This requires backpropagation invariance in each direction: The gradient log-likelihood in each direction must give back the original update equations of the backpropagation algorithm. The special noise makes the current training signal more probable as bidirectional backpropagation climbs the nearest hill of joint probability or log-likelihood. The noise for injection differs for classification and regression even in the same network because of the constraint of backpropagation invariance. The backward pass in a bidirectionally trained classifier estimates the centroid of the input pattern class. So the feedback signal that arrives back at the input layer of a classifier tends to estimate the local pattern-class centroid. Simulations show that noise speeded convergence and improved the accuracy of bidirectional backpropagation on both the MNIST test set of hand-written digits and the CIFAR-10 test set of images. The noise boost further applies to regular and Wasserstein bidirectionally trained adversarial networks. Bidirectionality also greatly reduced the problem of mode collapse in regular adversarial networks.
High-speed Linear GaN Technology with a record Efficiency in Ka-band

We report the first demonstration of graded-channel GaN HEMTs operating in the millimeter-wave frequency range. At 30 GHz, these graded-channel GaN HEMTs demonstrated excellent PAE of 72% at associated power density of 2 W/mm. The measured PAE and output power density shows great improvement over other mm-wave T-gated AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices. Under two-tone linearity characterization at 30 GHz, PAE of about 50% was demonstrated with C/IM3 of 30 dBc, which is very promising for mm-wave linear and efficient amplifiers without digital pre-distortion.
Modeling A Scanning-Mask Projection Vat Photopolymerization System For Multiscale Additive Manufacturing

Abstract Industries such as orthodontics and athletic apparel are adopting vat photopolymerization (VP) to manufacture customized products with performance tailored through geometry. However, vat photopolymerization is limited by low manufacturing speeds and the trade-off between manufacturable part size and feature resolution. Current VP platforms and their optical sub-systems allow for simultaneous maximization of only two of three critical manufacturing metrics: layer fabrication time, fabrication area, and printed feature resolution. The Scanning Mask Projection Vat Photopolymerization (S-MPVP 1 ) system was developed to address this shortcoming. However, models developed to determine S-MPVP process parameters are accurate only for systems with an intensity distribution that can be approximated with a first order Gaussian distribution. Limitations of optical elements and the use of heterogeneous photopolymers result in non-analytic intensity distributions. Modeling the effect of non-analytic intensity distribution on the resultant cure profile is necessary for accurate manufacturing of multiscale products. In this work, a model to predict the shape of cured features using analytic and non-analytic intensity distribution is presented. First, existing modeling techniques developed for laser and mask projection VP processes were leveraged to create a numerical model to relate the process parameters (i.e. scan speed, mask pattern irradiance) of the S-MPVP system with the resulting cure profile. Then, by extracting the actual intensity distribution from the resin surface, we demonstrate the model's ability to use non-analytic intensity distribution for computing the irradiance for any projected pattern. Using a custom S-MPVP system, process parameters required to fabricate test specimens were experimentally determined. These parameters were then input into the S-MPVP model and the resulting cure profiles were simulated. Comparison between the simulated and printed specimens dimensions demonstrates the model’s effectiveness in predicting the dimensions of the cured shape with an error of 2.9%.
Rapid and Accurate Pressure Sensing Device for Direct Measurement of Intraocular Pressure.

Author(s): Gopesh, Tilvawala; Camp, Andrew; Unanian, Michael; Friend, James; Weinreb, Robert N | Abstract: PurposeIntraocular pressure (IOP) is the primary modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. Current devices measure IOP via the dynamic response of the healthy cornea and do not provide the accurate IOP measurements for patients with altered corneal biomechanics. We seek to develop and test an accurate needle-based IOP measurement device that is not cornea dependent.MethodsOur device combines a high-resolution pressure microsensor with 30- and 33-gauge Luer lock needles to provide IOP measurements via a microcontroller and USB interface to a computer. The device was calibrated in a membrane chamber and then tested and validated in the anterior chamber and post-vitrectomy vitreous chamber of rabbit eyes. The results were compared to Tonopen readings across a pressure range of 0 to 100 mm Hg, imposed in increments of 10 mm Hg.ResultsBoth the needle based sensor device and the Tonopen demonstrated a linear relationship with changes in imposed pressure. The Tonopen was found to consistently underestimate the IOP both in the anterior and vitreous chambers. The Tonopen exhibited a significantly greater error than our needle-based sensor device. With increased pressure (g30 mm Hg), the error of the Tonopen increased, whereas the error of our device did not. The 30-gauge needle produces an insignificant improvement in accuracy over the 33-gauge needle.ConclusionsA needle-based sensor device enables accurate IOP measurements over a broad range of induced IOP.Translational relevanceDirect measurement of IOP in the anterior chamber circumvents the influence of corneal parameters on IOP measurement.
A Rare Case of Cerebral Amyloidoma Mimicking a Hemorrhagic Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm

Cerebral amyloidoma is a rare form of amyloidosis with a localized tumor like an amyloid deposition in the brain composed of insoluble fibrillary protein with cross beta-sheet conformation. Its usual presentation includes vision loss, seizures, behavioral changes, cognitive decline, and recurrent headaches. It has a benign course with a slow progression, and it is not associated with dissemination. We report a case of a 65-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with symptoms of progressively worsening cognitive dysfunction of six months' duration. From CT of the brain, it was found that she had a right frontal and left parietal hemorrhagic mass with a large amount of vasogenic edema and a midline shift. MRI showed heterogeneously enhancing hemorrhagic mass of 5.2 cm x 2.6 cm x 3.6 cm in size, with a satellite lesion. Initially, this was suspected to be a high-grade glioma vs. metastatic hemorrhagic lesions. She underwent stereotactic biopsy of the mass, and histopathology was consistent with cerebral amyloidoma with marked IgA lambda plasma cell differentiation. She did not have any evidence of systemic amyloidosis, and therefore, she is being clinically observed with a regular follow-up and annual CT surveillance. She has remained stable over the past two years, although she has residual cognitive dysfunction. Cerebral amyloidoma can mimic malignant central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms and should be considered as a differential of any single or multiple mass lesions occurring in the white matter region of the brain with a characteristic appearance of "hyperdense lesions" on CT. It is a benign disease with no metastatic potential that usually resolves entirely after resection.
The effect of human immunodeficiency virus on functional recovery in hospitalized patients with stroke

Background and Objective: Given the known association between inflammatory conditions and stroke, this study was designed to assess whether the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) – which is associated with chronic inflammation – would affect the functional trajectory of patients hospitalized for the treatment of stroke. Methods: This is a retrospective study comparing the functional outcomes of 688,066 stroke patients with a diagnosis of HIV to those without a diagnosis of HIV from 2002 to 2017. Results: HIV+ patients were found to have a much lower age at admission, with a difference of over 10 years when compared to HIV− patients. HIV+ patients were also less likely to discharge to home when compared to HIV− patients (P
Amplification in Ti:sapphire beyond 1 μm

We have developed the front end of a short- pulse, chirped-pulse amplification system for eventual amplification up to the petawatt level in the Nova laser chain. Low energy amplification is done with Ti:sapphire as the laser medium to avoid gain-narrowing, which limits the compressed pulse duration. Starting with a commercial Ti:sapphire oscillator operating at 1053 nm, the 100 fs, transform limited pulses are stretched to 1 ns in a single grating stretcher and amplified by nearly 109 in a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier. An eight-pass Ti:sapphire amplifier increases the energy to 60 mj with essentially no gain narrowing of the stretched pulse. Further amplification in two mixed Nd:glass heads results in Joule-level pulses for injection into Nova.
Evaluation of a measles virus multiplex, triple-target real-time RT-PCR in three specimen matrices at a U.S. academic medical center.

Abstract Background Measles virus (MeV) is an important cause of acute febrile illness and pediatric mortality globally, with recent U.S. outbreaks associated with under-vaccination. MeV is highly contagious and timely diagnosis is critical to limit spread. RNA detection is the most sensitive method for acute measles diagnosis; however, MeV nucleic acid amplification assays are not widely available. Methods We performed a diagnostic accuracy study of a triple-target, real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assay for simultaneous detection of MeV N, H, and L genes. Results The MeV triple-target rRT-PCR was tested against serial dilutions (7.0−2.0 log10 copies/mL) of five MeV isolates representing circulating genotypes, and detected 98.7% (74/75) of nasopharyngeal (NP) swab dilutions, 100% (75/75) of plasma dilutions, and 85.3% (64/75) of urine dilutions. MeV RNA detection in urine was markedly improved with the addition of a nucleic acid stabilizing agent. A 95% lower limit of detection (LLOD) of Conclusions The MeV triple-target rRT-PCR assay showed high analytic sensitivity across circulating MeV genotypes in three clinically-relevant matrices. Implementation of this assay in the clinical laboratory may facilitate timely diagnosis of acute measles infection and implementation of appropriate infection control interventions.
Intersecting Stories of Power and Discrimination: Narrative of a Female Program Director of Color

Viewing social location as intricately linked to the leadership development process helps identify challenges and opportunities related to the formation of a female leader of color in a marriage and family therapy program. As an Asian female leader, my blend of marginalized and privileged identities unquestionably impacts not only my roles as an educator and a clinical supervisor, but also leads to developing important skills in leadership. In this chapter, I reflect on transforming a marginalized voice by providing an environment of stability and psychological safety for other marginalized voices to be heard.
Storytelling in Review Articles: Exemplars and Guidelines

Review papers are some of the most challenging, but also some of the most impactful and highly cited types of papers published in academic and practitioner-oriented outlets. Despite the popularity ...
Diffusion of Successful Same Day Discharge Practice for Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients to a Select Population of Mastectomy Patients

Background Information Reimbursement guided by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) inpatient-only list continues to evolve with advancements in technology, care and coordination. Hospitals face business and quality imperatives of adjusting care pathways to allow for safe, high quality discharge of surgical patients earlier than ever. A 171-bed community teaching hospital in the northeast United States wanted to develop a novel care pathway to discharge patients undergoing mastectomy without reconstruction from the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) on the day of surgery. Current practice was to discharge them from the post-op floor. With the recent success of a novel pathway for same day discharge of joint replacement patients developed on this unit, staff were quickly able to translate effective practices to this new population. Objectives of Project To develop and implement a novel care pathway to discharge same day mastectomy without reconstruction patients from the PACU while maintaining high quality and patient satisfaction. Process of Implementation Following the leadership decision to initiate PACU discharge of select mastectomy patients, a PACU nurse champion was named. She identified needed changes and collaborated with multiple members of the interdisciplinary team to create a novel care pathway. Enhancements put in place included a new standard order set developed in collaboration with the surgical Advanced Practice Provider (APP) to support top of license nursing practice, customization within the electronic health record to clarify discharge materials for patients, collaborating with the Chief of Anesthesia to develop and disseminate a post-operative pain management protocol and a dedicated physical therapy pager and space to facilitate the most efficient care. Statement of Successful Practice Since June 2020, 3 patients have been discharged via the PACU pathway. None have required change to the traditional pathway. Mean length of stay has decreased for this population from overnight stay to approximately 6 hours. Patient and surgeon satisfaction for this group is high and there has been no impact to quality metrics. Implications for Advancing the Practice of Perianesthesia Nursing The successful implementation of PACU discharge of mastectomy patients is a result of PACU nurses leading collaborative innovation. As organizations across the country explore options to decrease length of stay, PACU nurses will play an important role in addressing strategic initiatives by embracing novel care pathways.
Revisiting racial disparities in ED CT utilization during the Affordable Care Act era: 2009-2018 data from the NHAMCS.

Objective To examine the trends in CT utilization in the emergency department (ED) for different racial and ethnic groups, factors that may affect utilization, and the effects of increased insurance coverage since passage of the Affordable Care Act in 2010. Materials and methods Data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) for the years 2009-2018 were used for the analysis. The NHAMCS is a cross-sectional survey which has random and systematical samples of more than 200,000 visits to over 250 hospital EDs in the USA. Patient demographic characteristics, source of payment/insurance, clinical presentation, and disposition from the ED were recorded. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results Between 2009 and 2018, the rate of uninsured patients in the ED decreased from 18.1% to as low as 9.9%, but this was not associated with a decrease in the disparity in CT utilization between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients. CT use rate increased 38% over the study period. Factors strongly associated with CT utilization include age, source of payment, triage category, disposition from the ED, and residence. After controlling for these factors, non-Hispanic White patients were 21% more likely to undergo CT than non-Hispanic Black patients, though no disparity was seen for Hispanic or Asian/other groups. Conclusion Despite increased insurance coverage over the sample period, racial disparities between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White patients persist in CT utilization, though no disparity was seen for Hispanic or Asian/other patients. The source of this disparity remains unclear and is likely multifactorial.
A good name is better than riches: Family firms and working capital management

Abstract Several studies show that family firms avoid risky financial policies and value goals such as survival and reputation more than financial profits. Our study provides new evidence that extends the literature by showing that family firms exhibit conservative short-term investment policies by investing more in working capital. Notably, family firms hold more inventories and pay their suppliers promptly. The general notion that higher working capital investments debilitate profitability does not hold true for family firms. This paper is the first to explore the unique channel of working capital investments through which family firms may accomplish survival and reputation goals without hurting profitability.
OCLC AND SERIALS PROCESSING

OCLC's on-line services began in 1971, but only for monographic cataloging. It was 1974 when serials records were first allowed into OCLC's data base. Then came CONSER in 1975, serials check-in in 1976, and card production for serials cataloging in 1977. The University of Illinois at Urbann-Champaign (UIUC) has gradually increased its use of 0CLC's serials services for preorder searching, precatalog searching, and, most recently, full serials cataloging and card production. But UIUC has not committed itself to the use of OCLC for serials check-in or the planned acquisitions system. It will depend on the alternatives.
OR in Public Health: A Little Help Can Go a Long Way

When deciding which programs to invest in, public health decision makers face a number of challenges including limited resources, competing objectives (e.g., maximize health, achieve equity), and limited information about uncertain events. Despite these difficulties, public health planners must make choices about which programs they will invest in—and the quality of these choices affects the health benefits achieved in the population. To support good decisions, information about the likely costs and health consequences of alternative interventions is needed. This is where OR-based modeling can play a role: by providing a structured framework that uses the best available evidence, imperfect as it may be, and that captures relevant uncertainties, complexities, and interactions, OR-based models can be used to evaluate the potential impact of alternative public health programs. This chapter describes modeling efforts in which OR has played and can play a role in informing public health decision making. We describe work in three areas: hepatitis B control, HIV control, and bioterrorism preparedness and response. We conclude with a discussion of lessons learned.
A first look at traffic patterns of Siri

The evolution of handheld devices and wireless communication ignited a new wave of speech-driven services using an "intelligent" back-end to perform complex tasks, for example, real-time dictation and data retrieval. Hence, the network is of crucial importance, and its usage must be properly analysed. This paper discusses some basic behaviours of Siri in terms of traffic patterns, possible models and a short privacy/security assessment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear circuit model combination for coupled noise simulation by using directional junction

A circuit level linear model combination technique using directional junction model is proposed. The method allows direct usage of two or more existing packaging component circuit models which have some shared coverages to form a new model with a larger coverage than any individual one. The accuracy of the method is compared to the reference models. This method is useful for the applications of multiaggressor single-victim coupled noise simulation.
Bibasic Summation, Transformation and Expansion Formulas, q-Analogues of Clausen’s Formula, and Nonnegative Basic Hypergeometric Series

Recent work on bibasic summation, transformation and expansion formulas and on inequalities and quadratic, cubic and quartic summation and transformation formulas for basic hy-pergeometric series is discussed. In particular, the Gasper and Rahman q-analogues of Clausen’s formula and of the Ramanujan and Bailey extension of Clausen’s formula are considered and a q-analogue of Clausen’s formula is employed to prove the nonnegativity of certain basic hypergeometric series and to derive q-analogues of the inequalities used by de Branges in his proof of the Bieberbach conjecture.
Temporal Course of the Tourette Syndrome Clinical Triad

Background : Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder characterized by childhood onset of motor and phonic tics, often with improvement of tic symptoms by young adult years. The temporal course of tics and commonly comorbid behavioral symptoms is still not well characterized. Methods : In order to clarify the time course of tics and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in TS, we administered a brief survey regarding the course of symptoms at a single point in time to 53 TS patients aged 13–31 years. Results : Mean age (±SD) at symptom onset was 7.9 (±3.6) years for tics, 7.9 (±3.5) for ADHD, and 9.2 (±5.0) for OCD. Age at peak symptom severity was 12.3 (±4.6) years for tics, 10.8 (±3.8) for ADHD, and 12.6 (±5.5) for OCD. Tics, ADHD, and OCD were reported to be no longer present in 32.0%, 22.8%, and 21.0% of subjects, respectively. Decline in symptom severity began at age 14.7 (±3.7) years for tics, 13.9 (±2.9) for ADHD, and 15.1 (±5.0) for OCD. Remission of symptoms occurred at age 17.4 (±3.8) years for tics, 17.4 (±1.3) for ADHD, and 15.6 (±2.3) for OCD. Discussion : Our data confirm and expand previously reported TS spectrum symptom milestones and may guide design of future research aimed at improving the course of TS.
Mechanisms of fatigue crack growth in Ti-48Al at ambient and elevated temperature

Abstract Crack-tip deformation in Ti-48Al at room-temperature occurs by a combination of slip and deformation-induced twinning. Crack-tip deformation at 700 °C occurs pmdominantly by conventional reversed slip mechanisms. The slip components ofdeformation are partially reversible, but the twimring components of deformation are irreversible. Hence, the levels of kinematic irreversibility are greater at room-temperature due to deformation-induced twnming. The moderate levels of twin toughening (& − 1.66) are not sufticient to reverse the trends in the fatigue crack growth rate data, which are dominated by crack-tip deformation phenomena. The fatigue crack growth rates at room-temperature are due to the balance between the degree of kinematic irreversibility and twin toughening promoted by detbrmation-induced twin. Slower fatigue crack growth rates and higher fatigue thnxholds observed at 700 °C are attributed to the combined effects of oxide-induced crack closure and lower levels of kinematic irreversibility at 700 °C.
Cybernetic Service-Learning Course Development: Lessons Learned

Although the title of the course, Combating Loneliness among Older People in Contemporary Society, states a clear goal, our service-learning class was shaped by five guiding parameters. By avoiding certain things, we allowed the course to self-organize and evolve into a learning experience beyond the one originally envisioned. This paper introduces the cybernetic concepts that informed our service-learning course design strategy. We discuss our efforts to remain true to our operational norms when confronted by bureaucratic obstacles and unexpected challenges. Finally, we glean several lessons from our experience to aid others in course design and advocate for the cybernetic approach.
Excimer laser ablation of the human lens at 308 nm with a fiber delivery system

A 308 nm excimer laser has been used with a fiber delivery system to perform ablation of the human lens. Preliminary results demonstrate the system's ability to ablate lens nucleus and cortex selectively, preserving the anterior and posterior capsules. The total delivered energy necessary to ablate a human lens ranged from 35 to 63 joules. Laser tissue interaction and ablation rates were computed for the different components of the human lens (capsule, cortex, nucleus) for the operatively useful energy densities (fluences). Operative experience suggests that cortex and nucleus can be ablated while preserving the capsule if an adequate irrigation and aspiration system is developed. These results also suggest that this modality may be adequate for performing endocapsular cataract extraction. Laser tissue interactions were also computed at variable distances between the fiber tip and tissue. As this distance increased, the spread of the beam increased and a significant increase in energy was necessary to induce tissue ablation. This was due to the decrease in fluence with increasing distance to the target tissue and/or the absorption and scattering of the delivered energy within a short distance from the fiber tip by the ablated material. Evidence of a sonic effect was also present.
The effects of acrolein exposure on pulmonary antibacterial defenses.

Abstract Inhalation exposure to acrolein induced a dose-dependent impairment of pulmonary antibacterial defenses in mice. Animals exposed to 3 or 6 ppm of acrolein were increasinglless effective in inactivation of aerogenic challenges of 32 P-labeled Staphylococcus aureus . Acrolein concentrations greater than 6 ppm caused increased sensory irritations, but no additional impairment of lung antibacterial resistance. Influenza A viral pneumonia in mice also suppressed pulmonary bactericidal activity. Mice convalescing from moderate viral pneumonia became severely deficient in antibacterial defenses when exposed to acrolein. Whether the viral-induced impairment in pulmonary defense delayed the inactivation or allowed the proliferation of bacteria was dependent upon the dose of acrolein. The present study demonstrated that an underlying infectious disease process compounded the pulmonary toxicity of acrolein such that normally moderate toxicity was elevated to a virtual abolition of antibacterial defense mechanisms.
A framework for the design of cellular manufacturing systems

Abstract A two-stage procedure for the design of a cellular manufacturing system is proposed. The first stage forms the part families. The use of clustering techniques with a new proximity measure is advocated for this stage. The proximity measure uses the manufacturing operations and the operations' sequences. The second stage forms the machine cells. An integer programming model is proposed for this stage. The solution of this model will specify the type and the number of machines in each cell and the assignment of the part families to the cells. The relevance of this approach in the design of flexible manufacturing systems is discussed.
LARGE ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMPS

ABSTRACT The development of large electromagnetic pumps for the liquid metal heat transfer systems of fission reactors has progressed for a number of years. Such pumps are now planned for fusion reactors and solar plants as well. The Einstein-Szilard (annular) pump has been selected as the preferred configuration. This paper describes a 54.9 m5/min (14,500 gpm), 1262 kPa (183 psi), 540 °C (1000 °F) test pump and briefly discusses some of the reasons that electromagnetic pumps may be preferred over mechanical pumps and why the annular configuration was selected. A detailed electromagnetic analysis of the annular pump, based on slug flow, is presented. The analysis is then used to explore the implications of large size and power on considerations of electromagnetic skin effect, geometric skin effect, and cylindrical geometry.