cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indoor air quality and wellbeing - enabling awareness and sensitivity with ambient IoT displays

The quality of indoor air exerts influence on the wellbeing of people. However, people rarely notice a constant and creeping deterioration of indoor air. Especially in enclosed places where several people get together, like meeting rooms, school rooms and public transportation, bad air quality might cause a reduction of cognitive performance, increased headache, fatigue and sleepiness. This paper describes and discusses a privacy respecting system, built with low cost IoT components and open-source software, that informs room occupants about bad air quality with ambient lights. Additionally, the status of the windows is indicated so that they are not forgotten to be closed after airing. We conducted a workshop with an implementation of the system with five users and present the results which show the usefulness and desirability of ambient notifications for indoor air quality monitoring.
Creativity and Insight in Problem Solving

This paper analyzes the thought process involved in problem solving and its categorization as creative thinking as defined by psychologist R. Weisberg (2006). Additionally, the notion of insight, sometimes present in unconscious creative thinking and often leading to creative ideas, is discussed in the context of geometry problem solving. In particular, it is argued that solving insight problems used by psychologists to measure creativity and solving certain geometry problems share similar thought processes.
Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Management of an acute ischemic stroke is multifaceted. Treatment in a specialized stroke unit reduces mortality and morbidity. Components of care include interventions to control or prevent medical or neurologic complications, rehabilitation, and initiations of therapies to forestall recurrent stroke. The key to modern treatment is the emergent administration of tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). Thrombocyte treatment improves outcome when it is given within 3 hours of onset of stroke to carefully selected patients.
Genetic divergence of selected and wild populations of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) on the West Coast of North America

Abstract The Molluscan Broodstock Program (MBP) has been selecting Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas for improved yield for over two decades. Nevertheless, realized gain in yield, the percent difference in least-square mean yield between MBP and pooled control families made from “wild” stock, was reported to be zero in the fifth generation. Among the potential explanations for zero realized gain was that MBP-derived stock had spread or reproduced in bays with extensive oyster farming and contributed to the “wild” broodstock used for the control population. This “MBP = wild” hypothesis was tested by analyses of genetic data from four MBP cohorts and 11 wild populations, including founders of MBP cohorts. A new 2016 sample from Willapa Bay, the primary source of MBP's control families, was genotyped by high-resolution melting (HRM) of 45, SNP-containing PCR amplicons and compared to previous HRM data for a 1996 sample. Average temporal variance in allele frequencies for Willapa Bay implies a small, local, effective population size (Ne = 55, 95% CI, 32–159) with very high gene flow among Pacific Northwest populations (migration rate, m = 0.99, 95% CI, 0.25–1.0). These estimates, which are remarkably consistent with previous estimates, also based on 20-y intervals, for populations in Pipestem Inlet and Dabob Bay, support the general conclusion that the North American Pacific oyster metapopulation is evolving by genetic drift, likely owing to local sweepstakes reproductive processes, with high gene flow maintaining spatial similarity. Direct comparison of MBP and wild populations reveals 7× more genetic divergence between selected and wild populations than among wild populations. Evidence for genetic drift within the Willapa Bay wild population that is uncorrelated with genetic drift in Dabob Bay, together with evidence for genetic drift between MBP and all wild populations studied to date, falsifies the hypothesis that gene flow from MBP-derived commercial stocks to wild populations is responsible for a realized gain in yield of zero. Further analyses of parentage and relatedness in four MBP cohorts suggests that pedigree errors may have contributed to inaccuracies in the selective breeding program and resulted in the observed realized gain in yield of zero.
Planar Optofluidics for On-Chip Particle Manipulation

Optical forces can be used to mechanically manipulate small particles on the micrometre and sub-micrometre scales. We review the recent development of planar optofluidic devices that harness optical forces to control particle movement on a chip. Complementary implementations using solid-core and liquid-core optical waveguides are described, along with potential applications in biosensing and other fields.
Impact of Quantum Values on Multilevel Feedback Queue for CPU Scheduling

CPU scheduling is the basis of multi-programmable operating systems to make a computer more productive and is varied active research topic most especially with increasing multicore computers to efficiently switch the CPU among processes. This paper discusses three existing process scheduling algorithms, Round Robin (RR), First Come First Serve (FCFS), Multilevel Feedback Queue (MFQ) and makes the argument that the optimal quantums are 4 and 13 for MFQ. Proposals for further work include exploring concepts such as machine learning to determine the best quantum numbers; Implementation of parallelization to utilize multicore computers.
Improving Biofuel Production with Metagenomics and Synthetic Biology

The Department of Energy has expressed considerable interest in the production of biofuels from lignocellulose. Lignocellulose represents the largest terrestrial carbon source on Earth, but cannot ...
Characterizing Scientific Workflows on HPC Systems using Logs

Scientific advances depend on the ability to effectively and efficiently use high performance computing (HPC) systems to manage and run large, complex scientific workflows. Towards understanding the characteristics of these large scientific workflows, we propose two methods to identify workflows with temporal connections and data-dependencies from batch queue and I/O logs available at HPC systems. We use the two methods to characterize and correlate workflow runtime with node requests, I/O patterns, and resource usage on three months of log data available for Cori, a supercomputer at NERSC. A key result from our analyses shows that single-job workflows often do not use all allocated CPUs that provides opportunities to consider allocating resources at a finer-granularity.
Civic development and antisocial attitudes/behaviors among Somali immigrants: Change over one year.

Objectives: Understanding how immigrant young adults engage with civic society over time is critical to understanding and fostering healthy development and healthy democracies. The present study examines how civic engagement and antisocial attitudes/behavior of Somali young adult immigrants (ages 18-30, N = 498) in four North American regions co-occur, and change over time. Method: Using latent transition analyses, we examine latent classes of young adult males and females in relation to political and nonpolitical civic engagement and dimensions of antisocial attitudes/behavior and stability of these classes over 1 year. Results: Distinct latent classes were identified that remained consistent over time. Rates and patterns in latent class transitions varied along civically engaged/antisocial dimensions and also by gender. Conclusions: Antisocial attitudes/behavior can coexist with civic engagement. For males, sense of belonging to both Somali and American/Canadian communities was associated with lower levels of antisocial attitudes/behavior. Movement away from, or into, antisocial attitudes/behavior differs by gender and can happen either in the presence or absence of civic engagement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Historical Appendix: How Do Institutions of Higher Education Affect Local Invention? Evidence from the Establishment of U.S. Colleges

This appendix describes in detail the college site selection decisions used in the paper "How Do Institutions of Higher Education Affect Local Invention? Evidence from the Establishment of U.S. Colleges" (Andrews 2020).
Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a novel receptor for apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) in adipose tissue

Apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) is one of the most abundant and versatile apolipoproteins facilitating lipid transport and metabolism. APOA4 is synthesized in the small intestine, packaged onto chylomicrons, secreted into intestinal lymph and transported via circulation to several tissues, including adipose. Since its discovery nearly 4 decades ago, to date, only platelet integrin αIIbβ3 has been identified as APOA4 receptor in the plasma. Using co-immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry, we probed the APOA4 interactome in mouse gonadal fat tissue, where ApoA4 gene is not transcribed but APOA4 protein is abundant. We demonstrate that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is the cognate receptor for APOA4 in adipose tissue. LRP1 colocalized with APOA4 in adipocytes; it interacted with APOA4 under fasting condition and their interaction was enhanced during lipid feeding concomitant with increased APOA4 levels in plasma. In 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes, APOA4 promoted glucose uptake both in absence and presence of insulin in a dose-dependent manner. Knockdown of LRP1 abrogated APOA4-induced glucose uptake as well as activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated protein kinase B (AKT). Taken together, we identified LRP1 as a novel receptor for APOA4 in promoting glucose uptake. Considering both APOA4 and LRP1 are multifunctional players in lipid and glucose metabolism, our finding opens up a door to better understand the molecular mechanisms along APOA4-LRP1 axis, whose dysregulation leads to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes.
The Good that’s Within You: A Case Study of Early Childhood Curriculum Practice

Few matters are of greater importance to high quality early childhood education than the content and mediation of curriculum. In spite of this, early childhood curriculum practices are rarely examined through the lens of curriculum theory. This research employs educational connoisseurship and criticism as a methodology to shed light upon the curriculum discourse and practices at one public elementary school in relation to one preschool classroom. The findings indicate multiple curriculum orientations subtly coexist at the school. We argue that identifying stakeholders' curriculum orientations and understanding how they operate in the context of a particular school provides a basis for more generative curriculum deliberations that make use of the strengths and recognize the limitations of disparate curricular traditions.
2D material based field effect transistors and nanoelectromechanical systems for sensing applications

Summary Sensors are ubiquitous in modern society due to their wide applications in healthcare, security, forensic industries as well as environmental protection. Specifically, sensors which can be microfabricated employing very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) compatible microfabrication techniques are particularly desirable. This is because, they can provide several advantages: small size, low cost, and possibility of mass fabrication. 2D materials are a promising building block for such sensors. Their atomically thin nature, flat surfaces and ability to form van der Waals hetero junctions opens up the pathway for versatile functionalities. Here, we review 2D material-based field-effect-transistors (FETs) and nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMs) for applications in detecting different gases, chemicals, and biomolecules. We will provide insights into the unique advantages of these materials for these sensing applications and discuss the fabrication methods, detection schemes and performance pertaining to these technologies. Finally, we will discuss the current challenges and prospects for this field.
Surgical Technique of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

Although significant strides have been made in the surgical technique of orthotopic liver transplantation, numerous problems and nuisances are still encountered. Further surgical refinements will certainly evolve. The development of better preservation techniques, the use of intraoperative flowmeters, and the availability of new technologies, such as an artificial liver, should impact and advance the techniques of liver transplantation significantly and improve the overall results even further.
Bankfull hydraulic geometry of submarine channels created by turbidity currents: Relations between bankfull channel characteristics and formative flow discharge

[1] Detailed bathymetric surveys of the seafloor have enabled the identification and analysis of submarine channels worldwide. Previous authors have remarked on the morphologic similarity of submarine channels and rivers, and have identified a number of similarities and differences in processes of flow and sedimentation. In this study, we compare the width, depth, and slope of 177 submarine channel cross-sections to that of 231 river cross-sections. The results indicate that submarine channels have cross-sectional dimensions that can exceed the dimensions of the largest rivers on earth by an order of magnitude. For rivers and submarine channels with similar width or depth, the slope of submarine channels can be up to two orders of magnitude greater than the slope of rivers. An analysis of trends in driving force vs. channel size suggests that a reasonable estimate of the volumetric sediment concentration of channelized turbidity currents lies in the range C = 0.2% to 0.6%. Bankfull turbidity current velocities are estimated using this range in concentration. Friction coefficients are based on values identified for large rivers and a modified Chezy equation. These velocities are then used in a classic hydraulic geometry analysis of the submarine channels, which shows that submarine channels and rivers follow similar power law trends in width, depth, and velocity as functions of bankfull discharge.
Free energy of ion hydration: Interface susceptibility and scaling with the ion size

Free energy of solvation of a spherical ion in a force-field water is studied by numerical simulations. The focus is on the linear solvation susceptibility connecting the linear response solvation free energy to the squared ion charge. Spherical hard-sphere solutes, hard-sphere ions, and Kihara solutes (Lennard-Jones modified hard-sphere core) are studied here. The scaling of the solvation susceptibility with the solute size significantly deviates from the Born equation. Using empirical offset corrections of the solute size (or the position of the first peak of the solute-solvent distribution function) do not improve the agreement with simulations. We advance a new perspective on the problem by deriving an exact relation for the radial susceptibility function of the interface. This function yields an effective cavity radius in the Born equation calculated from the solute-solvent radial distribution function. We find that the perspective of the local response, assuming significant alteration of the solvent structure by the solute, is preferable compared to the homogeneous approximation assuming intact solvent structure around the solute. The model finds a simple explanation of the asymmetry of hydration between anions and cations in denser water shells around anions and smaller cavity radii arising from the solute-solvent density profiles.
Differential-Geometric Methods: A Powerful Set of New Tools for Optimal Control

Differential-geometric methods can and have been successfully used in control theory, not only to pose and solve new problems, but also to get new insights and prove new results about classical problems of optimal control. In particular, they yield new results on local controllability, continuity properties of value functions, the structure of reachable sets, and the properties of optimal trajectories. For large classes of systems given by controlled differential equations with real-analytic right-hand sides, these methods make it possible —in conjunction with the theory of subanalytic sets— to prove piecewise analyticity of the value function and the existence of a piecewise smooth optimal feedback.
An interaction between the mammalian DNA repair protein XRCC1 and DNA ligase III.

XRCC1 the human gene that fully corrects the Chinese hamster ovary DNA repair mutant EM9, encodes a protein involved in the rejoining of DNA single-strand breaks that arise following treatment with alkylating agents or ionizing radiation. In this study, a cDNA minigene encoding oligohistidine-tagged XRCC1 was constructed to facilitate affinity purification of the recombinant protein. This construct, designated pcD2EHX, fully corrected the EM9 phenotype of high sister chromatid exchange, indicating that the histidine tag was not detrimental to XRCC1 activity. Affinity chromatography of extract from EM9 cells transfected with pcD2EHX resulted in the copurification of histidine-tagged XRCC1 and DNA ligase III activity. Neither XRCC1 or DNA ligase III activity was purified during affinity chromatography of extract from EM9 cells transfected with pcD2EX, a cDNA minigene that encodes untagged XRCC1, or extract from wild-type AA8 or untransfected EM9 cells. The copurification of DNA ligase III activity with histidine-tagged XRCC1 suggests that the two proteins are present in the cell as a complex. Furthermore, DNA ligase III activity was present at lower levels in EM9 cells than in AA8 cells and was returned to normal levels in EM9 cells transfected with pcD2EHX or pcD2EX. These findings indicate that XRCC1 is required formore » normal levels of DNA ligase III activity, and they implicate a major role for this DNA ligase in DNA base excision repair in mammalian cells. 37 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.« less
Expression and purification of recombinant tristetraprolin that can bind to tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA and serve as a substrate for mitogen-activated protein kinases

Abstract Tristetraprolin (TTP) is an mRNA-binding protein, but studies of this interaction have been difficult due to problems with the purification of recombinant TTP. In the present study, we expressed human and mouse TTP as glutathione S -transferase and maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion proteins in Escherichia coli , and purified them by affinity resins and Mono Q chromatography. TTP cleaved from the fusion protein was identified by immunoblotting, MALDI-MS, and protein sequencing, and was further purified to homogeneity by continuous-elution SDS–gel electrophoresis. Purified recombinant TTP bound to the AU-rich element of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) mRNA and this binding was dependent on Zn 2+ . Results from sizing columns suggested that the active species might be in the form of an oligomer of MBP-TTP. Recombinant TTP was phosphorylated by three members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase family, p42, p38, and JNK, with half-maximal phosphorylation occurring at approximately 0.5, 0.25, and 0.25 μM protein, respectively. Phosphorylation by these kinases did not appear to affect the ability of TTP to bind to TNFα mRNA under the assay conditions. This study describes a procedure for purifying nonfusion protein TTP to homogeneity, demonstrates that TTP’s RNA-binding activity is zinc dependent, and that TTP can be phosphorylated by JNK as well as by the other members of the greater MAP kinase family.
Dynamics and coherent control of high-amplitude optical phonons in bismuth

High-amplitude optical phonons in bismuth are generated through impulsive stimulated Raman scattering and detected through the induced change in the optical reflectivity. Reflectivity changes greater than 1% have been recorded. Phonon dynamics and coherent control in the high-amplitude regime are reported.
Non-invasive low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates bone healing in the rabbit

The effect of ultrasound (US) on the rate of fibula osteotomy healing in 139 mature New Zealand white rabbits was assessed in this study. Bilateral midshaft fibular osteotomies were made using a 1-mm Gigli saw. US was noninvasively applied to one limb for 20 minutes daily, while the contralateral limb served as a control. A 2.5-cm PZT transducer was applied to both limbs, with the treated limb receiving a 200-microseconds burst of 1.5-MHz sine waves repeated at 1.0 kHz. The incident intensity was approximately 30 mW/cm2. Animals were killed at intervals between 14 and 28 days. Maximum strength increases (significant to p less than or equal to 0.01) ranged from 40 to 85% from postoperative day 14 to 23. On day 28, no significant difference in ultimate strength was noted. From day 17 through day 28, all US-treated fractures were as strong as intact bones (p less than or equal to 0.005). On the other hand, the ultimate strength of the control osteotomies attained intact values only by day 28. These results indicate that biomechanical healing is accelerated by a factor of nearly 1.7. This occurs with an overall acceleration of the healing curve in this fresh fracture model. If noninvasive low-intensity pulsed sine wave ultrasound can significantly accelerate bone repair in clinical application with an in-home treatment of 20 minutes daily, then US may be a useful adjunct for fracture care with a concomitant impact on patient morbidity.
Magnetic dipolar interaction in two-dimensional complex plasmas

Various interactions can play a role between the mesoscopic dust grains of a complex plasma. We study a system composed of dust grains that have both an electric charge and a permanent magnetic dipole moment. It is assumed that the grains occupy lattice sites, as dictated by their Coulomb interaction. In addition, they possess a spin degree of freedom (orientation of magnetic dipole moment) that is not constrained by the Coulomb interaction, thus allowing for the possibility of equilibrium orientational ordering and 'wobbling' about the equilibrium orientations. As a result, collective modes develop. We identify in-plane and out-of-plane wobbling modes and discuss their dispersion characteristics both in the ferromagnetic and in the anti-ferromagnetic ground state.
Tmod1 and CP49 Synergize to Control the Fiber Cell Geometry, Transparency, and Mechanical Stiffness of the Mouse Lens

The basis for mammalian lens fiber cell organization, transparency, and biomechanical properties has contributions from two specialized cytoskeletal systems: the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton and beaded filament cytoskeleton. The spectrin-actin membrane skeleton predominantly consists of α₂β₂-spectrin strands interconnecting short, tropomyosin-coated actin filaments, which are stabilized by pointed-end capping by tropomodulin 1 (Tmod1) and structurally disrupted in the absence of Tmod1. The beaded filament cytoskeleton consists of the intermediate filament proteins CP49 and filensin, which require CP49 for assembly and contribute to lens transparency and biomechanics. To assess the simultaneous physiological contributions of these cytoskeletal networks and uncover potential functional synergy between them, we subjected lenses from mice lacking Tmod1, CP49, or both to a battery of structural and physiological assays to analyze fiber cell disorder, light scattering, and compressive biomechanical properties. Findings show that deletion of Tmod1 and/or CP49 increases lens fiber cell disorder and light scattering while impairing compressive load-bearing, with the double mutant exhibiting a distinct phenotype compared to either single mutant. Moreover, Tmod1 is in a protein complex with CP49 and filensin, indicating that the spectrin-actin network and beaded filament cytoskeleton are biochemically linked. These experiments reveal that the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton and beaded filament cytoskeleton establish a novel functional synergy critical for regulating lens fiber cell geometry, transparency, and mechanical stiffness.
The tensor force and collective excitations in nuclear matter

Abstract The formalism for the particle-hole Green function is developed to handle the nucleon-nucleon tensor potential in order to investigate both the ring correlation energy and collective excitations in nuclear matter. The formalism is exact for direct ring diagrams. An approximation for exchange ring diagrams is also introduced. The one-pion-exchange potential with cut-off radius is used throughout. No collective excitations are found coming from the tensor force.
Protein kinase C inhibition blocks the early appearance of vestibular compensation.

Abstract This study tests the hypothesis that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) is a critical step for early recovery from spontaneous nystagmus after unilateral ablation of the vestibular periphery. Halothane–NO2–O2-anesthetized Long–Evans rats received a 5-μl intracerebroventricular bolus of vehicle (distilled water, six rats), PKC inhibitor [Iso-H-7 (10 mM, four rats; 50 mM, five rats) or bisindolemaleimide I (Bis-I, 10 μM, six rats)], PKG and PKA inhibitor (A-3, 1 mM, six rats), or the serine–threonine protein kinase inhibitor H-7 (1 mM, five rats; 10 mM, five rats). Surgical unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) was completed within 15 min. Sham control groups showed no nystagmus. Bis-I and Iso-H-7 significantly retarded the disappearance of spontaneous nystagmus quick phases for 8 h after UL (p
Laparoscopic colonic resection for rectosigmoid colonic tumours: a retrospective analysis and comparison with open resection.

Laparoscopic approach for treatment of colorectal malignancy is gaining acceptance gradually; however the benefits of laparoscopic surgery in colonic and rectal tumours is still open to debate. This study aims at a retrospective analysis of operative and short term outcome of patients with rectosigmoid tumours. A retrospective analysis of operative, postoperative and short-term outcome of 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection for cancer of rectosigmoid region were compared with a same number of parameters-matched patients who underwent open colorectal resection. Blood transfusion requirement was significantly more in the open group compared to the laparoscopy group (38.7% versus 6.4%, p = 0.001). ICU stay was less in the laparoscopy group (p = <0.05) and they were started on oral liquid diet earlier (p = 0.013). The number of the lymph nodes retrieved, positive distal margin and radial involvement were similar in both groups. The hospital stay was significantly shorter in laparoscopy group (8.4 versus 13.8 days, p < 0.05). Radical operation for rectosigmoid tumors is technically feasible with laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic approach is associated with less blood loss, transfusion and significantly less ICU stay. Laparoscopic group recovers early and needs less hospital stay
Size Distribution of Lunar Soil

WHEN Duke et al.1 measured the size of lunar soil returned by Apollo 11, they found a size distribution similar to that of glacial till and other terrestrial soil, except that the lunar soil is noticeably deficient in material finer than 15 µm. They feel that a partial explanation for this deficiency is that it is caused by melting and consequent consolidation into clumps of finer particles on the Moon. We wish to suggest another partial explanation, derived from wear theory—it is that the finer particles are missing in lunar soil because materials in a lunar environment have a higher surface energy.
Statistical properties of polymorphism in host—parasite genetics

Host—parasite interactions often have complex dynamics. At the level of individual allele frequencies, the dynamics are difficult to predict and difficult to measure. However, aggregate properties of polymorphism, such as allelic diversity or the frequency of resistance, may be relatively easy to work with. I study this problem with computer simulations of a host—parasite model. In one example, the simulations show that the allelic diversity at a locus is similar in a host—parasite model and a neutral model in which drift is the only evolutionary process. Allelic diversity is similar in the two models, even though the temporal dynamics of individual allele frequencies are very different. In a second example, the genetic system that would be inferred from analysing samples of hosts and parasites is quite different from the actual specificity that determines the dynamics of the system. Thus, general conclusions about the specificity of host—parasite genetics must be analysed in the context of the expected statistical distributions of polymorphism. The final example shows that the frequency of resistance provides an interesting aggregate measure of host—parasite polymorphism. If the ratio of parasite generation time to the time between the reproductive seasons of the hosts is small, then no regular periodicity in the frequency of resistance occurs. However, if parasites have many generations per reproductive season of the host, then resistance fluctuates with a period equal to the seasonality of the host. The important role of seasonality shown here differs from the emphasis in previous theories on the relative generation times of host and parasite.
The Temperature Scale

I BELIEVE Mr. Le Fevre's objections are due to the long-term habits of considering temperature measured by a degree (centigrade, Celsius, Kelvin, Fahrenheit, Rankine, etc.); hence, he feels it is necessary that the temperature should have some type of unit name. There is, of course, nothing wrong with this since, for example, we call the unit of energy, newton-metre, a joule, and power a newton-metre/second or joule/second, a watt. I am only proposing that the temperature be called by what it actually represents, that is a joule/kilomole, in the same manner that pressure is a newton/square metre.
Perceptions of wisdom: What is it and who has it?

One hundred fifty-five men and 233 women, aged 20 to 79 years, were asked to name both the most wise and the most interpersonally wise persons they knew personally and to give the age and sex of each. Participants were also asked for the areas in which their nominees were particularly wise. Overall, men and women responded similarly. The subjects tended to nominate individuals who were older than they were; the difference between their own age and their nominees' age decreased with increasing age. Subjects nominated males more often than females as wise and this tendency increased with the subjects' age. With the exception of older women, participants nominated females more often than males as interpersonally wise. When asked to report the areas in which their wise nominees were particularly wise, subjects tended to mention specific skill areas (e.g., “business” or “science”) for male nominees and interpersonal skill areas for female nominees.
The Coordination of Foreign R&D Activities by Transnational Corporations

The nature of coordination of practices between the headquarters and field operations has long been a matter of considerable importance to the management of research and development (R&D). When the firm performs R&D aboard, in foreign locations, the issue of coordination increases in significance. This article reports on interviews with 35 American and 18 European transnational corporations regarding the coordination of their foreign R&D activities. Coordination practices are shown to affect the nature of R&D performed aboard, the means of establishing R&D aboard, the communication and control systems employed, and the patterns of invention and innovation.
Electron-Phonon Interactions in Solid C 36

Among the experimentally observed structures of molecular C{sub 36} , our calculations show that the structure with D{sub 6h} symmetry is one of the two most energetically favorable. Based on this result and the fact that D{sub 6h} is conducive to forming a periodic system, we propose a new solid phase of carbon using C{sub 36} fullerenes as a basis. Full structural relaxations and electronic density of states are evaluated using an {ital ab initio} pseudopotential plane wave method within the local density approximation. The calculated electron-phonon interaction potential is found to be substantially enhanced compared to C{sub 60} , leading to the possibility of larger superconducting transition temperatures than in alkali-doped C{sub 60} solids. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
100G coherent trials and deployments: Verizon plans and perspective

To evaluate the upgradeability of its existing long-haul transport to the use of 100G, Verizon conducted several field trials leading to commercial deployment in 2009. Verizon is currently considering the design and deployment of a new network optimized for the transport of 100G with a potential upgrade path to 400G or even 1Tb.
Problems of conscience and fact: Consulting on medicolegal claims☆

The physician is not obliged to act as a consultant in medicolegal cases, but if one does, one should consult for either the defense or the plaintiff. I believe that acting as a consultant is of service to one's medical colleagues and to society as a whole. Moreover, a series of cases substantiates the view that it should be an advantage to physicians if more ophthalmologists of stature would accept this task.
Repair of coarctation of the aorta in neonates and infants: a thirty-year experience.

Between January 1962 and December 1991, 179 children less than 1 year of age underwent repair of coarctation of the aorta. Group I (1962 to 1971) consisted of 19 patients, group 11 (1972 to 1981) of 57 patients, group III (1982 to 1991) of 103 patients. Neonates (0 days old) made up 60% of group I, 57% of group II, and 70% of group III. The proportion of infants with associated complex cardiac abnormalities was 7% in group I, 25% in group II, and 39% in group III. Techniques of repair included resection with end-to-end anastomosis (n = 65), subclavian flap repair (n = 85), patch aortoplasty (n = 18), and other procedures (n = 11). The early mortality ( p p = not significant). Twenty-five restenoses requiring intervention occurred in 23 patients, for an overall restenosis rate of 16.4%. The incidence of restenosis was 23% for the patients who underwent end-to-end anastomosis, 11% for those who underwent subclavian flap repair ( p p p p p p
Localization of dopamine D1A and D1B receptor mRNAs in the forebrain and midbrain of the domestic chick

The distribution and cellular localization of dopamine D1A and D1B receptor mRNAs in the forebrain and midbrain of the domestic chick were examined using in situ hybridization histochemistry with 35[S]-dATP labeled oligonucleotide probes, visualized with film and emulsion autoradiography. Labeling for D1A receptor mRNA was intense in the medial and lateral striatum, and moderately abundant in the pallial regions termed the archistriatum and the neostriatum, in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus region, and in the superficial gray layer of optic tectum of the midbrain. D1B receptor mRNA was abundant in the medial and lateral striatum, and in the pallial region termed the hyperstriatum ventrale, and moderately abundant in the intralaminar dorsal and posterior thalamus and in the superficial gray of the optic tectum. At the cellular level, about 75% of neurons in the medial striatum and 59% of neurons in the lateral striatum were labeled for D1A receptor mRNA, whereas about 39% of the neurons in the medial striatum and 21% in the lateral striatum were labeled for D1B receptor mRNA. Large striatal neurons were not labeled for D1A or D1B receptor mRNA. The data suggest that while both D1A and D1B receptors mediate dopaminergic responses in many neurons of the avian striatum, primarily D1A receptors mediate dopaminergic responses in the archistriatum and the neostriatum, while primarily D1B receptors mediate dopaminergic responses in the hyperstriatum ventrale and the thalamus.
Laser-induced incandescence measurements of soot production in steady and flickering methane, propane, and ethylene diffusion flames

Quantitative experimental measurements of soot concentrations and soot scattering are presented for a series of steady and flickering coflowing methane, propane, and ethylene flames burning at atmospheric pressure. Flickering diffusion flames exhibit a wide range of time-dependent, vortex-flame sheet interactions, and thus they serve as an important testing ground for assessing the applicability of chemical models derived from steady flames. Acoustic forcing of the fuel flow rate is used to phase lock the periodic flame flicker close to the natural flame flicker frequency caused by buoyancy-induced instabilities. For conditions in which flame clip-off occurs, the peak soot concentrations in the methane flickering flames are 5.5 to 6 times larger than measured in a steady flame burning with the same mean fuel flow rate, whereas the enhancement for the flickering propane and ethylene flames is only 35 to 60%, independent of the flicker intensity. Soot concentration profiles and full Mie analysis of the soot volume fraction/scattering results reveal significant differences in the structure of the soot fields and in the roles of soot inception, growth, and oxidation for the different hydrocarbon fuels. The soot concentrations have been measured using laser-induced incandescence (LII). Since this is the only technique currently available for making time- and spatially-resolved soot concentration measurements in time-varying flow fields, considerable effort has been devoted to developing LII for quantitative applications. Important considerations include (1) proper calibration measurements, (2) signal detection which minimizes interferences from C2 Swan-band emission and broadband molecular fluorescence, (3) correction for the laser beam focus/spatial averaging effect in line image measurements, and (4) correction for LII signal extinction within the flame.
Effect of Long-term Passive Smoking on Erectile Function and Penile Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Rat

ABSTRACTPurpose: Given that smoking is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction, this study aimed to determine, in a rat model, whether long-term exposure to cigarette smoke impairs nitric oxide (NO)-dependent erectile function and reduces penile nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and if these changes are accompanied with effects on the systemic blood pressure.Materials and Methods: Adult (5 month) and old (20 month) rats were exposed to daily passive smoking for 8 wks. Three days after the conclusion of exposure, half of the animals were submitted to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the cavernosal nerve and the maximum intracavernosal pressure (MIP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were determined and expressed as mm. Hg. On the other half of the animals, NOS activity in the penile cytosol was measured by the arginine/citrulline assay, and neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) contents were estimated by western blot and densitometry.Results: When compared to controls, the smoking rats had a higher ...
Immunogenetic studies of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: HLA, immunoglobulin allotypes and autoantibodies

The strategy of assigning a surrogate phenotype, defined as the presence of antinuclear and/or antismooth muscle antibodies to disease-free first degree relatives of index cases was used to search for a postulated disease susceptibility gene in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. In addition to determining circulating autoantibody status, 10 patients, 51 first-degree relatives and 6 spouses of index chronic active hepatitis patients, each ascertained by the single patient, were genotyped for HLA (A, B and DR loci) and immunoglobulin allotype (Glm, G2m, G3m and A2m loci) haplotypes. Among the 10 chronic active hepatitis patients, 6 had HLA haplotypes B8 and DR3, and 3 of these patients had, in addition, the immunoglobulin allotype haplotype Gm a, x;g. Circulating autoantibodies defining the surrogate phenotype was found in 39% of the first-degree relatives. However, segregation analysis offered no support for either single autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance for the autoantibody-positive phenotype. Linkage between the postulated disease susceptibility locus and either the HLA (Chromosome 6) or immunoglobulin (Chromosome 14) locus was excluded by several analyses. Furthermore, logistic regression indicated that neither immunogenetic marker was statistically associated with autoantibody positively in these families. Therefore, despite the occurrence of autoantibody positivity in first-degree relatives of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis patients, we found no evidence that this trait has a simple genetic basis, or that it is an alternative manifestation of a postulated disease susceptibility gene for chronic active hepatitis.
Quantitative evaluation of phase-conjugate novelty filters.

A Michelson interferometer whose signal arm is terminated by a self-pumped BaTiO3 phase conjugator records phase-change distributions in times short compared with the conjugator rewrite time that correspond quantitatively to a single (not a double) traversal of the phase disturbance. The proffered explanation, which is experimentally substantiated, also places limitations on the pictorial accuracy of intensity-change novelty filters.
Double resonance spectroscopy of the ${\rm D} {}^1 \Pi _{\rm u}^+$ and ${\rm B}^{\prime \prime }\bar{\rm B}^1\Sigma ^+_{\rm u}$ states near the third dissociation threshold of H2

Double-resonance laser spectroscopy via the state was used to probe the energy region below the third dissociation limit of molecular hydrogen. Resonantly enhanced multi-photon ionization spectra were recorded by detecting ion production as a function of energy using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Energies and line widths for the v = 14–17 levels of the state of H2 are reported and compared to experimental data obtained by using VUV synchrotron light excitation (Dickenson et al 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 133 144317) and fully ab initio non-adiabatic calculations of state energies and line widths (Glass-Maujean et al 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 052507). Several high vibrational levels of the state were also observed in this region. Term energies and rotational constants for the v = 67–69 vibrational levels are reported and compared to highly accurate ro-vibrational energy level predictions from fully ab initio non-adiabatic calculations of the first six levels of H2 (Wolniewicz et al 2006 J. Mol. Spectrosc. 238 118). While additional observed transitions can be assigned to other states, several unassigned features in the spectra highlight the need for a fully integrated theoretical treatment of dissociation and ionization to understand the complex pattern of highly vibrationally excited states expected in this region.
GRP94 hyperglycosylation and phosphorylation in Sf21 cells

GRP94 is an inducible resident endoplasmic reticulum/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) glycoprotein that functions as a protein chaperone and Ca(2+) regulator. GRP94 has been reported to be a substrate for protein kinase CK2 in vitro, although its phosphorylation in intact cells remains unreported. In Sf21 insect cells, overexpression of canine GRP94 led to the appearance of a multiplet of three or more molecular-mass isoforms which was reduced to a single mobility form following treatment of cells with tunicamycin, suggesting stable accumulations of consecutively modified protein. Metabolic labeling of Sf21 cells with (32)P(i) led to a constitutive phosphorylation of GRP94 which, based upon phosphopeptide mapping, occurred specifically on CK2-sensitive sites. Among the GRP94 multiplet, however, only the lowest mobility form of GRP94 was phosphorylated, even though in vitro phosphorylation of GRP94 by CK2 led to phosphorylation of all glycosylated forms. The (32)P(i) incorporation into GRP94 indicated a slow turnover of phosphate incorporation that was unaffected by inhibition of biosynthesis, resulting in a steady-state level of phospho-GRP94 on CK2 sites. These data support a role for protein kinase CK2 in the cell biology for GRP94 and other resident ER/SR proteins that may occur in ER compartments.
Clinical indicators of childhood retropharyngeal abscess

Retropharyngeal abscess is a rare but distinctive cause of airway obstruction in childhood. Early recognition permits emergent airway management and surgical drainage. Even when the presentation is insidious and does not include respiratory compromise, early clinical diagnosis of retropharyngeal cellulitis and appropriate medical treatment may halt progression to an abscess. Delay in the diagnosis and management of a retropharyngeal abscess may lead to potentially lethal complications involving vital structures. A case of an infant whose diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess was delayed because of absence of respiratory compromise is reported. Relapse of retropharyngeal abscess despite surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotic treatment was a complication of infection in this patient. Clinical indicators providing an early diagnosis of retropharyngeal infection, and aspects of evaluation, management, and outcome, are discussed.
Diffusion layers and the Schottky-barrier height in nickel silicide—silicon interfaces

New experimental results are presented which suggest that a diffusion layer is always present after forming nickel silicide interfaces at Si surfaces. This layer is a distinct ordered metallic phase having a silicon-rich (Ni${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$) stoichiometry which occurs when Ni atoms occupy alternate tetrahedral interstitial voids in the Si lattice. Evidence of this layer is obtained with the use of low-energy electron diffraction, transmission-electron microscopy, and photoelectron emission from interfaces produced at room temperature and higher temperatures at which ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{2}$Si and NiSi compounds form by selective growth. The invariance of the Schottky-barrier height for Ni silicide interfaces is attributed to this ordered stoichiometric layer. In addition, this interfacial structure appears to have important bearing on planar selective growth processes which occur during the formation of nickel silicide interfaces.
Taking a Look at a School's Leadership Capacity: The Role and Function of High School Department Chairs

This article examines and critiques the leadership capacity of department leaders in a high school and attempts to gain a deeper understanding of how department leaders perceive their role as teacher leaders, making a distinction between what an individual department leader does in his or her position and teacher leadership as a form of continuous learning and innovation through collaboration. How do department leaders practice leadership to improve student learning? The author provides an investigation and analysis of the current level of leadership capacity exhibited by department leaders in a high school. A close look at the role and function of department leaders in this high school reveals an absence of the teacher leadership necessary to promote the broad-based leadership capacity that results in improved student achievement.
Part-list reexposure and release of retrieval inhibition.

Abstract In list-method directed forgetting, reexposure to forgotten List 1 items has been shown to reduce directed forgetting. Bjork and Bjork (1996) proposed that reexposure to a few List 1 items only during a direct test of memory reinstates the entire List 1 episode. In the present experiments, part-list reexposure in the context of indirect as well as direct memory tests reduced directed forgetting. Directed forgetting was reduced when 50% or more of the items were reexposed, and was intact when only 25% were reexposed. Furthermore, part-list reexposure appeared to reinstate only reexposed items—not the entire List 1 episode.