cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Representing pace in tourism mobilities: staycations, Slow Travel and The Amazing Race

This article examines the way popular representations of tourism make sense of pace within the context of Western modernity and asks how certain ethical and ideological values come to be associated with speed, slowness or stillness. In the typical story of modernity, speed is commonly associated with positive values such as ‘freedom’ and ‘progress’, while slowness and stillness are often seen as marginal or undesirable modes of mobility. The analysis presented suggests that paying attention to pace and the way pace is socially encoded in media contexts reveals a more complicated narrative of mobility and modernity. The article draws on an analysis of media representations of three popular modes of tourism – the ‘staycation’, a neologism invented to describe vacationing at home; Slow Travel; an emerging social movement that advocates travelling slowly and locally; and the television programme The Amazing Race – to argue that the way pace is socially encoded in these representations is central not only to a...
A High-Pressure Droplet Model for Spray Simulations

Droplet vaporization models that are currently employed in simulating sprays are based on a quasisteady, low-pressure formulation. These models do not adequately represent many high-pressure effects, such as nonideal gas behavior, solubility of gases into liquid, pressure dependence of gas- and liquid-phase thermophysical properties, and transient liquid transport in the droplet interior. In the present study, a high-pressure quasisteady droplet vaporization model is developed for use in comprehensive spray simulations for which more rigorous vaporization models, such as those based on unsteady formulations, are beyond the present computational capabilities. Except for the gas-phase quasisteady assumption that is retained in the model, the model incorporates all high-pressure effects. The applicability of the model for predicting droplet vaporization in diesel and gas turbine combustion environments is evaluated by comparing its predictions with the available experimental data and with those from a more comprehensive transient model. Results indicate a fairly good agreement between the quasisteady (QS) and transient (TS) models for a wide range of pressures at low ambient temperatures, and for pressure up to the fuel critical pressure at high ambient temperatures. The QS model generally under-predicts the vaporization rate during the earlier part of droplet lifetime and overpredicts during the later part of lifetime compared to those using the TS model, and the difference becomes increasingly more significant at higher ambient pressure and temperature. The differences can be attributed to the quasisteady gas-phase average temperature and composition assumption for the QS model that reduces and increases the gas-phase heat and mass fluxes at the droplet surface during the earlier and later part of lifetime, respectively. The applicability of the QS model is quantified in terms of the maximum pressure as a function of ambient temperature.
Rotation of the amputated fistula tract for the management of congenital urethral-enteric fistula with severe urethral stenosis: a novel technique with long-term outcomes.

Abstract Objective Urethral-enteric fistulae with hypoplastic/atretic distal urethra in boys with anorectal malformations are amenable to management via sequential dilation of the distal urethra (P.A.D.U.A.) and subsequent repair of the fistula, but failure of this technique occasionally requires complex reconstruction. We present a novel surgical approach, along with long-term results, that incorporates rotation of the amputated fistula tract (RAFT) in boys with H-type urethral-enteric fistulae. Methods The charts of four patients undergoing the RAFT procedure were reviewed. All had previously failed P.A.D.U.A. Surgical principles were similar in all cases: the fistula tract was amputated as close to the bowel as possible. A tubularized or on-layed urethra was then fashioned from preputial skin and anastomosed to the distal end of the urethral fistula. The distal end of the neourethra was then brought to the tip of the penis, or anastomosed to the proximal end of the patent distal urethra. Results Mean age was 12.3 months, and there was a mean follow up of 10.2 years. All four patients had a rectourethral fistula as a component of VACTERL, with a urethral deficit of 7–11 cm. All had a functionally intact urethra on reconstruction, with normal continence and bladder neck closure. Two patients needed further bladder augmentation with a Mitrofanoff channel for poor bladder compliance. Both boys who were post-pubertal in this series report normal sexual function with antegrade ejaculation. Conclusions The RAFT technique represents a viable reconstructive option for congenital H-fistulae with distal urethral stenosis, with excellent long-term results. It provides boys with normal urethral function, along with intact urinary continence and antegrade ejaculation. This technique may be of particular utility in patients after failed P.A.D.U.A., or in whom a staged buccal onlay graft is not feasible.
CASP6 data processing and automatic evaluation at the protein structure prediction center

We present a short overview of the system governing data processing and automatic evaluation of predictions in CASP6, implemented at the Livermore Protein Structure Prediction Center. The system incorporates interrelated facilities for registering participants, collecting prediction targets from crystallographers and NMR spectroscopists and making them available to the CASP6 participants, accepting predictions and providing their preliminary evaluation, and finally, storing and visualizing results. We have automatically evaluated predictions submitted to CASP6 using criteria and methods developed over the successive CASP experiments. Also, we have tested a new evaluation technique based on non-rigid-body type superpositions. Approximately the same number of predictions has been submitted to CASP6 as to all previous CASPs combined, making navigation through and understanding of the data particularly challenging. To facilitate this, we have substantially modernized all data handling procedures, including implementation of a dedicated relational database. An overview of our redesigned website is also presented (http://predictioncenter.org/casp6/). Proteins 2005;Suppl 7:19–23. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cerebellar Ischemia Manifesting As Vertical Diplopia: A Case Study on Skew Deviation

ABSTRACT Purpose: Skew deviation mimics superior oblique palsy. Associated findings can include ocular torsion, head tilt, headache, and neurologic symptoms that may help localize the responsible intracranial lesion. Accurate diagnosis is essential in determining and treating the underlying cause. Imaging options will be reviewed. Case Report: A 29-year-old white male presented to the emergency room with sudden onset vertical diplopia after self-neck manipulation. An ophthalmic evaluation led to the diagnosis of skew deviation. Diagnostic imaging revealed an infarct of the cerebellum likely secondary to a vertebral artery dissection. Besides neck manipulation, other possible contributing factors include smoking, elevated cholesterol, and elevated testosterone. Symptoms resolved within 24 hours and the patient was treated with aspirin and atorvastatin calcium. Conclusions: Skew deviation must be a consideration in patients with vertical diplopia, and ruled out before a superior oblique palsy diagnosis. Ver...
Inflammasome recognition of influenza virus is essential for adaptive immune responses

Influenza virus infection is recognized by the innate immune system through Toll like receptor (TLR) 7 and retinoic acid inducible gene I. These two recognition pathways lead to the activation of type I interferons and resistance to infection. In addition, TLR signals are required for the CD4 T cell and IgG2a, but not cytotoxic T lymphocyte, responses to influenza virus infection. In contrast, the role of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in viral recognition and induction of adaptive immunity to influenza virus is unknown. We demonstrate that respiratory infection with influenza virus results in the activation of NLR inflammasomes in the lung. Although NLRP3 was required for inflammasome activation in certain cell types, CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, as well as mucosal IgA secretion and systemic IgG responses, required ASC and caspase-1 but not NLRP3. Consequently, ASC, caspase-1, and IL-1R, but not NLRP3, were required for protective immunity against flu challenge. Furthermore, we show that caspase-1 inflammasome activation in the hematopoietic, but not stromal, compartment was required to induce protective antiviral immunity. These results demonstrate that in addition to the TLR pathways, ASC inflammasomes play a central role in adaptive immunity to influenza virus.
A Nutrition Support Team Quality Assurance Plan

The Nutrition Support Team at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center is responsible for the development of guidelines related to the provision of both total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition support. A Quality Assurance plan which was approved by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of HealthCare Organizations was implemented by the Nutrition Support Team. This plan addresses: nutritional assessment and consultation, indications for enteral and parenteral nutrition support, provision of optimal nutrition support including attainment of nutritional goals, and the prevention, detection, and management of complications. The indicators and criteria for each aspect of care are described. This program has provided documentation of the activities of the Nutrition Support Team as well as data defining the patient population requiring specialized nutrition support, and has helped identify areas where improvement is required.
Does Gender Matter? the Effect of Gender Representation of Public Bureaucracy on Governmental Performance

This article investigates gender representation in the public bureaucracy in the context of South Korea and its substantial effects on governmental performance. The past decades have seen a growing body of research on the theory of representative bureaucracy, yet the conceptual linkages remains unclear. This study, first, identifies three missing links existing in the theory of the representative bureaucracy. Second, we investigate whether the presence of women in the bureaucracy affects on the consequences of governmental activities. Using an unbalanced time-series data set for 25 years with gaps including 1978, 1983, 1986 to 2008, the investigation is conducted in terms of the media attention on women’s issues, social welfare budget, and the legislative success of the executive branch measured by the number of passed bills submitted to the National Assembly. The result of the autoregressive integrated moving average time series analysis (ARIMA) suggests that a representative bureaucracy influences subst...
A Tribute to Susan Kent's Ethnoarchaeological Studies on Mobility: Ethnoarchaeological and Archaeological Studies of Pastoral Nomads in Greece and Kazakhstan

Susan Kent began her career by examining the spatial layout of Navajo pastoral encampments. Later Kent undertook field research in southern Africa in order to examine the cross-cultural variability of mobility strategies among contemporary foragers, farmers, and herders. I have also documented patterns of seasonal and periodic mobility among contemporary Greek village and transhumant pastoralists. These ethnographic insights on pastoral mobility have been applied to the study of prehistoric settlement patterns of Iron Age groups in Kazakhstan. This chapter highlights the differences and commonalities of mobility strategies used by both foraging and pastoral groups. From these disparate cases I emphasize how Kent and I examined the social uses of mobility among nomadic peoples.
De Novo Mutations in Patients with Ataxic CP

As a part of a large study investigating childhood ataxias in the UK and Switzerland, Schnekenberg et al. analyzed the genetic associations with congenital cerebellar ataxia in 10 patients using either a targeted next generation sequencing panel of 118 genes or trio-based exome sequencing.
The Us Legal System on Data Protection in the Field of Law Enforcement. Safeguards, Rights and Remedies for EU Citizens

At the request of the LIBE Committee of the European Parliament, this study surveys the U.S. system of data protection in the field of federal law enforcement. Since the legal category of “data protection” does not formally exist in U.S. law, the study begins by setting out the substantive and procedural requirements of EU law that are canvassed in the context of information-gathering and surveillance by U.S. law enforcement agencies. The study then analyzes the data protection law governing federal agencies according to two criteria: sources and methods of surveillance and data collection. It first reviews the two principal sources of U.S. data protection law: the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution and the Privacy Act of 1974. The study then considers the legally prescribed methods of data collection and surveillance, together with their associated data protection guarantees, in ordinary criminal investigations and national security investigations. Throughout, the study pays special attention to the rights afforded to EU citizens. The study calls attention to a number of discrepancies with respect to EU law, including: the relatively low legal threshold for engaging in bulk collection in national security investigations; the absence of significant legal restrictions on information sharing between intelligence and law enforcement agencies; and the two-track privacy scheme for U.S. and non-U.S. persons.
Dr. Victor A. McKusick and the Genetics of Dwarfism

When Dr. Victor McKusick was awarded the Lasker prize in 1997, he wrote a commentary on his 50 years of observations concerning intestinal polyposis, Marfan syndrome, and achondroplasia. He notes in that paper that achondroplasia came to his interest early in his studies of medical genetics, in keeping with his interest with the heritable disorders of connective tissue. His studies of the Old Order Amish began in 1963, in part, because of a report that “achondroplastic dwarfism” was unusually frequent in that population. Because achondroplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder with more than 80% of cases arising as a result of new mutations, McKusick postulated that the skeletal dysplasia in the Amish was another condition inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Comparison of straight vs hand-assisted laparoscopic colectomy: an assessment from the NSQIP procedure-targeted cohort.

Abstract Background The perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent straight laparoscopic (LAP) vs hand-assisted laparoscopic (HALS) surgery were compared using a recently released procedure-targeted database. Methods The 2012 colectomy-targeted American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used and patients were classified into 2 groups according to the final surgical approach: LAP vs HALS. Demographics, comorbidities, and 30-day outcomes were compared. Results A total of 7,843 patients met the inclusion criteria. There were 4,656 (59%) patients in LAP colectomy and 3,187 (41%) in HALS colectomy groups. Groups were comparable in terms of preoperative characteristics and demographics. Mean operative time was slightly longer in LAP group (178 ± 86 vs 171 ± 84 minutes, P Conclusions Both straight laparoscopic and hand-assisted approaches are used in colorectal surgery and may complement each other in challenging cases. Implementing the best approach to decrease postoperative complication rates and increase use of minimally invasive techniques may play a role in improving patient care and overall quality.
Anglo-Latin Problems as Perceived by Public Service Personnel

The above findings generally revealed that Mexicans had a dominantly positive attitude toward the United States. This attitude was associated with amount of contact with American life. Thus, migrants who had considerable contact had generally positive orientations. They seemed to constitute a middle group economically which had some influence on the attitudes of the economically deprived in the community. A cleavage between these two lower groups and the propertied seemed to be emerging. Thus the wealthy cotton growers and property owners in Sonoyta were bitterly critical of the buying practices of American companies in the state of Sonora. In their economic battle with Arizona agriculture they pressured the Mexican government to subsidize irrigation and provide them with other support. With the breakdown of the patron system they were finding it increasingly dificult to keep local workers from emigrating to other rural and urban areas in the United States and Mexico. Interviews with these workers seemed to show that they had little concern for the historic or contemporary quarrels of Mexico with the United States. Neither did they cherish the traditional values which the middle classes alluded to in their economic struggles. For many workers, migration to the United States was not only economically desirable, but the only escape from an economically impossible position. Many fervently believed that anyone in the United States could, with hard work, achieve economic success, while in Mexico eco. nomic success is linked to class position, friendship, family connections, or government privilege. The words of a border official may be prophetic, "Our border patrol captured in May 1954 an unprecedented figure of 95,310 alambristas. It was obvious that we were faced by a full-scale invasion, which though peaceful in character, is rapidly changing the economic conditions and standards of living of thousands on both sides of the border."
VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES IN MYELOMA CELLS OF MAN.

SummaryElectron microscopy of bone marrow revealed cytoplasmic particles within neoplastic plasma cells from 2 additional patients with multiple myeloma and increased Beta globulin in their serum. Although a definite identification cannot be made, the ultra-structure of these particles in general is consistent with some known viruses.
Blood-brain barrier and ischaemic brain oedema

According to classification of brain oedema into the cytotoxic and vasogenic types, the latter is closely related to the changes in permeability of the BBB. In cerebral ischaemia, although both types of oedema are involved, the important role of vasogenic oedema, associated with BBB changes, is increasingly recognized. This particularly applies to temporary arterial occlusions in which a biphasic character of two independent BBB openings has been described. The first opening, related mainly to haemodynamic factors, allows leakage of serum proteins into brain tissue and induces vasogenic oedema. The intensity of this oedema can be diminished by reducing the reactive hyperaemia, which promptly follows the release of arterial occlusion. According to recent investigations, infusion of aminophylline appears to be promising in this respect. The other circulatory disturbance, which can affect development of post-ischaemic oedema, is related to the post-ischaemic hypoperfusion which follows reactive hyperaemia. The repeated ischaemic insults during the period of hypoperfusion lead to a pronounced cumulative effect intensifying greatly ischaemic brain oedema and tissue injury.
Urethral pressure profilometry: assessment of urethral function by combined intraurethral pressure and electromyographic recording.

AbstractThe technique of combined electromyographic and carbon dioxide urethral pressure profilometry is described and analyzed. The low viscous drag of carbon dioxide permits the use of catheter infusion rates above the critical threshold, where the compressibility of the gas does not influence the accuracy of the pressure recording. Clinical urethral function studies with this technique in benign prostatic hypertrophy, stress incontinence and traumatic spinal cord injury have documented the diagnostic value of the test. Furthermore, the impact of surgical or pharmacological treatment upon urethral function has been delineated.
Mechanisms of Blastema Formation in Regenerating Amphibian Limbs

This chapter reviews what is known about blastema formation in the regeneration-competent limbs of urodeles and provides a brief comparison to blastema formation in the regeneration-deficient anuran, Xenopus laevis. Blastema formation in regenerating urodele limbs can be subdivided into three overlapping phases: hemostasis and re-epithelialization, histolysis and dedifferentiation, and blastema cell migration and accumulation. Histolysis is the loss of tissue organization resulting from the enzymatic degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Dedifferentiation is the reversal of a given state of differentiation to an earlier state via nuclear reprogramming and loss of specialized structure and function. All of the tissues subjacent to the wound epidermis undergo intense histolysis (ECM degradation and tissue disorganization) for a distance of 1-2 mm, resulting in the liberation of individual dermal cells, Schwann cells of the peripheral nerves, and skeletal cells from their matrix. Degradation of tissue ECM is achieved by acid hydrolases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Dedifferentiation is a complex process involving changes in transcriptional program to suppress differentiation genes, while activating genes associated with stemness, reduction of cell stress, and remodeling internal structure. Inhibition of the transcriptional shift by actinomycin D does not affect histolysis but does prevent or retard dedifferentiation, leading to regenerative failure or delay. Stemness genes upregulated during blastema formation are msx1, nrad, rfrng, and notch . The apical epidermal cap (AEC) appears to direct the migration of blastema cells to form the accumulation blastema beneath it.
The Afghan War: Sowing the Seeds of Transnational Jihad

Initially, in the early 1980s, the Afghan war provided jihadis with a “secure base” to train and prepare for the coming jihad (armed struggle) against the “near enemy” (Muslim rulers). But it ultimately bred a new generation of transnationalist jihadis, who felt empowered by the Russian defeat and who decided to go fully global with their Islamist revolution. The 1979 Russian military intervention in Afghanistan, which coincided with the Islamic revolution in Iran and the rise of militant political Islam in general, radicalized Muslim politics and societies further and played directly into jihadis' hands; one of the very first acts by a proto-jihadist group was the 1981 assassination of President Sadat by the Jihad group in Egypt. The Afghan war became a rallying cry and recruiting ground for many religiously inclined Muslims, and it fueled jihadis’ ambitions. The Afghan Jihad as Defensive War Leaving their families and homes, young and old pious Muslims migrated into Afghanistan to defend their coreligionists and the faith and to resist aggression against the dar al-Islam (House of Islam). Over the years I met scores of the so-called Afghan Arabs, those who spent months or years either fighting or providing other forms of support to the Afghan mujahedeen (Islamic fighters). They came from all walks of life and were driven by the plight and predicament of their Afghan counterparts who were seen as struggling against an atheistic enemy.
Intentio Ex Machina: Android Intent Access Control via an Extensible Application Hook

Android’s intent framework serves as the primary method for interprocess communication (IPC) among apps. The increased volume of intent IPC present in Android devices, coupled with intent’s ability to implicitly find valid receivers for IPC, bring about new security challenges. We propose Intentio Ex Machina (IEM), an access control solution for Android intent security. IEM separates the logic for performing access control from the point of interception by placing an interface in the Android framework. This allows the access control logic to be placed inside a normal application and reached via the interface. The app, called a “user firewall”, can then receive intents as they enter the system and inspect them. Not only can the user firewall allow or block intents, but it can even modify them to a controlled extent. Since it runs as a user application, developers are able to create user firewalls that manufacturers can then integrate into their devices. In this way, IEM allows for a new genre of security application for Android systems offering a creative and interactive approach to active IPC defense.
Characterization of carbon ablation models including effects of gas-phase chemical kinetics

The modeling of the oxidation and sublimation of carbon-based ablative thermal protection system materials remains an area of active research. In this paper, two gas–surface interaction models for ...
Examining the Reading of Informational Text in 4th Grade Class and Its Relation with Students' Reading Performance

Being proficient in independently reading and writing complex informational text has become a need for college and career success. While there is a great deal of agreement on the importance of the reading of informational text in early grades and teachers are encouraged to increase amount of the reading of informational text in early grades, few quantitative studies have been conducted to examine if the frequency of reading informational text is relevant to student reading achievement. This study aims to investigate the relationship of reading informational text and students' reading performance in 4th grade based on PIRLS 2011 data through multilevel modeling.
A simulation study of an object-oriented integration testbed for process planning and production scheduling

Many studies on integration of process planning and production scheduling have been carried out during the last decade. While various integration approaches and algorithms have been proposed, the implementation of these approaches is still a difficult issue. To achieve successful implementation, it is important to examine and evaluate integration approaches or algorithms beforehand. Based on an object-oriented integration testbed, a simulation study that compares different integration algorithms is presented in this paper. Separated planning method and integrated planning methods are examined. Also, situations of both fixed and variable processing times are simulated, and useful results have been observed. The successful simulation with the object-oriented integration testbed eventually will be extended to include other new planning algorithms for examining their effectiveness and implementation feasibility.
History of phosphoinositide research.

The discovery of the “phosphoinositide effect” arose out of an accidental observation over 40 years ago. The details of this discovery have been reviewed (Hokin, 1987; Hokin and Hokin-Neaverson, 1989). This chapter deals with studies dating up to about 1990.
In Vivo Nitrogen MRS Studies of Rat Brain Metabolism

Of the important nitrogen-containing neurotransmitters, glutamate and GABA, as well as their precursor glutamine, are at concentrations sufficient for their detection by two new magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) techniques, 15N and 1H-15N heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) transfer MRS. A brief outline of these MRS procedures and their application in vivo is provided. Using these methods, new values for flux through glutamine synthetase and phosphate-dependent glutaminase are provided for the rat brain in vivo. Steady-state kinetic studies using a novel 15H-14N chase experiment lead us to the conclusion that glutamine synthetase is strongly regulated. Special features of 1H-15N HMQC studies include the separate identification of upfield (HZ) and downfield (HE) protons of glutamine amide, which have different exchange rates with water protons in vivo. In addition, the enhanced sensitivity of 1 H-15N HMQC permits enzyme activities to be assayed at near-physiological blood ammonia concentration. Finally, inferences concerning the sources of glutamate and GABA in intact brain are made.
The Consequences of the Recent Economic Crisis and Government Reactions for Children

The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the different policy reactions of European governments to the recent economic crisis on income distribution and poverty, giving special attention to children. Almost all the governments introduced fiscal stimulus packages in the first phase of the crisis. Nonetheless, the persistence of bad economic conditions led to a drop in the countries’ revenues with a deterioration of their fiscal conditions. In addition, the pressure coming from the financial markets and the resurgence of an orthodox policy approach pushed many governments to introduce austerity measures since 2010. In particular, there was a growing consensus about the necessity of fiscal consolidation despite awareness of the possible negative impact on economic performance and social outcomes. Some governments preferred to increase taxes while others preferred to reduce public expenditure, also cutting benefits and services for children and their families.
Early Numerosity Encoding in Visual Cortex Is Not Sufficient for the Representation of Numerical Magnitude.

Recent studies have demonstrated that the numerosity of visually presented dot arrays is represented in low-level visual cortex extremely early in latency. However, whether or not such an early neural signature reflects the perceptual representation of numerosity remains unknown. Alternatively, such a signature may indicate the raw sensory representation of the dot-array stimulus before becoming the perceived representation of numerosity. Here, we addressed this question by using the connectedness illusion, whereby arrays with pairwise connected dots are perceived to be less numerous compared with arrays containing isolated dots. Using EEG and fMRI in two independent experiments, we measured neural responses to dot-array stimuli comprising 16 or 32 dots, either isolated or pairwise connected. The effect of connectedness, which reflects the segmentation of the visual stimulus into perceptual units, was observed in the neural activity after 150 msec post stimulus onset in the EEG experiment and in area V3 i...
Safety of guidelines recommending live attenuated influenza vaccine for routine use in children and adolescents with asthma.

Abstract Objective Evaluate whether a guideline recommending Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) for children 2 years and older with asthma increased risks for lower respiratory events (LREs), within 21 or 42 days of vaccination, as compared to standard guidelines to administer Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (IIV) in children with asthma. Methods This was a pre/post guideline retrospective cohort study of children ages 2–17 years with asthma and receiving one or more influenza vaccines in two large medical groups from 2007 to 2016. Both groups recommended IIV in the pre-period; in 2010, one group implemented a guideline recommending LAIV for all children, including those with asthma. Main outcomes were medically attended LREs within 21 and 42 days after influenza immunization. Analysis used a generalized estimating equation regression to estimate the ratio of rate ratios (RORs) comparing pre/post events between LAIV guideline and control group. Results The cohort included 7851 influenza vaccinations in 4771 children with asthma. Among patients in the LAIV guideline group, the proportion receiving LAIV increased from 23% to 68% post-guideline implementation, versus an increase from 7 to 11% in the control group. Age and baseline asthma severity adjusted ROR showed no increase in LREs, primarily asthma exacerbations, following implementation of the LAIV guideline: overall aROR (95% Confidence Interval): 0.74 (0.43–1.29) for LRE within 21 days of vaccination, 0.77 (0.53–1.14) for LRE within 42 days of vaccination. For the subset of children ages 2–4 years aROR: 0.92 (0.34–2.53) for LRE within 21 days of vaccination and 0.94 (0.49–1.82) for LRE within 42 days of vaccination; for children 5–18 years aROR (95% CI): 0.58 (0.26–1.30) for LRE within 21 days of vaccination and 0.67 (0.37–1.23) for LRE within 42 days. Conclusion In a large cohort of children with asthma, a guideline recommending LAIV rather than IIV did not increase LREs following vaccination.
The Synthesis of η2-β-Vinylpyrrole Complexes and Their Conversion to Highly Substituted Indoles

A series of 4,5-η2-Os(II)pentaammine-3-vinylpyrrole complexes are synthesized from the corresponding 1-methylpyrrole complex by an electrophilic addition at the β-carbon, C(3), of the pyrrole ring. Four independent synthetic routes to β-vinylpyrrole complexes are described, each introducing different functionality on the pendant double bond. The uncoordinated portion of these complexes chemically and structurally resembles an aminodiene and as such readily undergoes Diels−Alder reactions with suitably activated dienophiles to generate the 5,6,7,7a-tetrahydroindole nucleus. These tetrahydroindole complexes can be decomplexed and oxidized with DDQ to generate a series of highly functionalized indoles.
The Challenge of VR to the Liberal Democratic Order

The rapid expansion of virtual reality (VR) technology in the years 2016-2021 awakens a significant constitutional issue. In a liberal democratic order, rule is by consent of the governed. In the medium-term future, many of the governed will be immersed fully within VR environments, environments which, we are told, will provide entertainment of extraordinary power. These people will be happy. Happy people do not demand change. Yet there surely will be a change as VR takes hold: The quality of life will erode. People fully immersed in VR will come to be isolated, sedentary, and unhealthy. Objectively speaking, this is nothing to be desired. Subjectively, however, it will seem to be wonderful. The people themselves will be happy, and they will resist interference. At the moment this matter concerns only a few thousand nerds, but trends in technology and entertainment point to a future in which many people will be happily living awful, VR-dominated lives. How then will the liberal democratic order promote human well-being while remaining a liberal and democratic order?
Overview of mechanistic particle resuspension models: comparison with compilation of experimental data

AbstractIn this study, several mechanistic models for particle removal from substrates were introduced and their predictive ability was tested. Empirically optimized parameters for a selected set o...
Influence of Liming Rate on Phosphorus Leaching from a Peat-Sand Medium

Leaching of phosphorus (P) from a peat-sand medium was measured at 3 liming rates. Leaching of P from superphosphate was reduced only at the highest rate of hydrated lime, 2.65 kg/m3 (4.5 lb/yd3), ...
Dualing discourse: Democracy, gender equity and discursive politics in rural Morocco

Abstract Feminist scholars have long been interested in the ability of grassroots organizations to meet both the practical and strategic gender needs of women in developing economies. One point of contention is the role of the neoliberalist framework, which prioritizes women's economic participation over the creation of political institutions that foster gender equality, in democratic projects. Drawing on feminist, development, and social movement literatures, we show that neoliberalism interacts with local socio-religious contexts to provide a complicated – and gendered – set of discursive opportunities for grassroots activists. Drawing on a three-month participant observation with “The Association of Women” in Ouarzazate, Morocco, we illustrated how gender constrains the discursive politics of a male and female organizational leader. The male leader regards neoliberalism as a legitimate challenge to gender inequity, and uses it to highlight the connections between economic opportunity, gender equity, and democracy. The female leader, in contrast, employs neoliberalism and traditional notions about women's roles in Ouarzazate to maintain her relationship with her male colleague, build bridges between her and women in the community, and to create a space where women can cultivate their gender consciousness. We conclude with a discussion of the promises and pitfalls of discursive politics and argue that scholars need to give the discursive politics within local organizations more empirical attention, particularly if they are concerned with the strategic gender needs of women.
Quiet Brainstorming: Expecting the Unexpected

The COVID-19 lockdown has given us time to reconsider some of the approaches we use for generating research ideas. We propose a set of three critical "E" processes-extract, expose, and evaluate-for an individual researcher to replicate team brainstorming.
Pre-treatment Neutropenia in Children and Adolescents with Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism

Objective Neutropenia can occur in untreated autoimmune hyperthyroidism (AIH) or in association with treatment with the anti-thyroid drug, methimazole (MMI). Starting MMI in children and adolescents with AIH and pre-existing neutropenia could thus be worrisome. The aim was to describe the prevalence of neutropenia in pediatric AIH, prior to antithyroid drug therapy and to assess the effect of antithyroid drugs on neutrophil count. Methods Patients with AIH attending a pediatric endocrinology clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) data at presentation and during anti-thyroid treatment for up to 24 weeks was collected. AIH was defined as elevated free thyroxine (fT4) or free tri-iodothyronine (fT3), suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone, and positive thyroid autoantibodies. Neutropenia was defined as ANC <1500 cells/μL. Results Thirty-one patients (71% female) were included with a median interquartile range (IQR) age of 14.71 (11.89-17.10) years. Neither fT4 nor fT3 levels correlated with ANC at presentation (rs=0.22, p=0.24 and rs=0.13, p=0.54, respectively). 26/31 (84%) had normal baseline ANC. None developed neutropenia with thionamides. 5/31 (16%) had baseline neutropenia (median ANC 1,200/μL; IQR 874-1200). Four of these five started MMI at diagnosis while one was started on propranolol only but MMI was started one week later. All five normalized ANC within 24 weeks. Conclusion In this cohort, 16% of AIH patients had neutropenia at presentation, but this resolved in the short term and did not worsen with thionamides. Thionamides may be used with caution in these patients with close monitoring of blood counts.
Gender Predicts Beliefs and Knowledge about Attention among College Students

Misconceptions and insufficient knowledge related to attention and multitasking can negatively influence academic performance. As part of an educational intervention titled Attention Matters! desig...
BUSTLE: Bottom-Up program Synthesis Through Learning-guided Exploration

Program synthesis is challenging largely because of the difficulty of search in a large space of programs. Human programmers routinely tackle the task of writing complex programs by writing sub-programs and then analyzing their intermediate results to compose them in appropriate ways. Motivated by this intuition, we present a new synthesis approach that leverages learning to guide a bottom-up search over programs. In particular, we train a model to prioritize compositions of intermediate values during search conditioned on a given set of input-output examples. This is a powerful combination because of several emergent properties. First, in bottom-up search, intermediate programs can be executed, providing semantic information to the neural network. Second, given the concrete values from those executions, we can exploit rich features based on recent work on property signatures. Finally, bottom-up search allows the system substantial flexibility in what order to generate the solution, allowing the synthesizer to build up a program from multiple smaller sub-programs. Overall, our empirical evaluation finds that the combination of learning and bottom-up search is remarkably effective, even with simple supervised learning approaches. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique on two datasets, one from the SyGuS competition and one of our own creation.
COVID‐19 and Motivated Reasoning: The Influence of Knowledge on COVID‐Related Policy and Health Behavior

The spread of misinformation about COVID‐19 severely influences the governments' ability to address the COVID‐19 pandemic This study explores the predictors of accurate beliefs about COVID‐19 and its influence on COVID‐related policy and behavior Data from an original survey collected by Lucid in July 2020 are used Ordinary Least Squares regression (OLS) is used to predict accurate beliefs about COVID‐19 Ordered logistic regression models are estimated to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 knowledge, policy preferences, and health behavior intentions Ideology and education were found to have a positive effect on knowledge about COVID‐19 Moreover, low levels of knowledge about COVID‐19 were found to reduce support for mandatory vaccination policy and willingness to get a coronavirus vaccine when available These findings will help policymakers develop communication strategies for the public on the coronavirus vaccination [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Social Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )
Social geography of sexually transmitted diseases in China: Exploring the role of migration and urbanisation

: This paper examines the social geography of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in China, focusing on the spread of HIV/AIDS, and the extent to which migration and urbanisation might be contributing to both the spread and the increasing prevalence of these diseases. The paper begins with a discussion of the early years of the epidemic (beginning in the mid-1980s), when the consensus view was that STDs and HIV were geographically marginal phenomena, occurring either on China's periphery, or in isolated parts of its rural interior. This characterisation seemed to be less appropriate in the latter part of the 1990s, when it became clear that temporary and circular migration had the potential to spread the diseases from one part of the country to another. The second part of the paper examines the connection between migration and the prevalence of STDs and HIV, reporting on some of the empirical evidence to support such a hypothesis, and speculating on the theoretical underpinnings of the migration/STD relationship. The third part of the paper considers what might lie in store for China in terms of its HIV epidemic. One distinct possibility is the spread of HIV to China's booming cities, and to explore this possibility in theoretical terms, a number of interrelated aspects of urbanisation that might be associated with higher rates of HIV-related risky behaviours are considered. It is suggested that these overlapping sets of forces could be related to the emergence of new behaviours and lifestyles that may be putting a growing number of Chinese people at risk in the new millennium.
SAT0059 Greater efficacy for diclofenac/misoprostol (arthrotec) compared to acetaminophen in a randomised, double-blind, multicenter, crossover clinical trial in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee is most evident in patients with the most severe osteoarthritis

Background Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is recommended as initial therapy for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee according to guidelines of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) prior to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), athough patient surveys indicate that most patients regard NSAIDs as having greater efficacy than acetaminophen. Objectives To compare responses of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee in a randomised, controlled clinical trial of diclofenac/misoprostol (Arthrotec, ARTH) compared to acetaminophen (ACET) according to severity at baseline of scores of the Western Ontario McMaster (WOMAC) osteoarthritis scale and visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the two primary outcomes in the clinical trial. Methods 227 patients with radiographic stage 2–4 osteoarthritis of the hip or knee received either 6 weeks of ARTH 75 mg twice a day or ACET 1,000 mg four times a day after a washout period, and then the other drug for 6 weeks, in a randomised, double-blind, multicenter, cross-over clinical trial. Changes in scores for the two primary outcomes while taking ACET or ARTH were analysed accoring to tertiles at baseline for each scale. Results Overall, WOMAC pain scores were improved by 7.8 of 100 units (p Conclusion Patients with mild osteoarthritis of the hip or knee have similar responses to ARTH and ACET, possibly because patients in the lowest tertile have the least capacity for improvement. Patients with more severe osteoarhtritis appear much more likely to benefit from ARTH.
Book Review (Reviewing Henning Hartwig Ed., 2021 Research Handbook on Design Law)

This review discusses a book that examines design protection by different types of intellectual property rights in multiple jurisdictions. The editor, Dr. Hartwig, a leading design law practitioner involved in the landmark decisions of the Court of Justice for European Union (CJEU), selected fundamental and advanced topics of product design protection; the world’s leading practitioners and scholars joined to write on the topics from the comparative law approach. The book mainly focuses on the EU and the US, but various chapters cover other major jurisdictions including Japan, China, Australia, Brazil, South Africa, and Turkey. The review includes the structure and topics of the book and discusses the valuable information available from the book for US IP lawyers. Many features of EU design protection are unique and not well-known to non-EU IP lawyers. The book discusses trademark, copyright and other neighboring rights which will function as fallback options for protecting product designs if the designs were first disclosed outside the EU without filing a design application at the EUIPO during the one-year grace period and thus cannot rely on unregistered community design rights. The review recommends the book to law students, IP lawyers, and academics. It offers a starting point to learn the basics of design protection and research on most current issues in product design protection in the global market.