cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Service restoration reconfiguration in distribution networks based on a multi-objective optimization algorithm

In this paper, the service restoration problem has been formulated as a multi-objective, multi-constrained, and combinatorial optimization problem. The preferential knowledge of the various objective functions considered herein is known a priori. The first objective function (minimization of out-of-service area) has been kept at the first preference. The objective function of minimization of manually controlled switch operations has been kept at the second preference and that of minimization of remotely controlled switch operations has been kept at the third preference. Finally, the objective function of minimization of losses has been kept at the fourth preference. Moreover, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is applied in solving the service restoration problem in an electric power distribution system. In contrast to the single objective function optimization approach, it does good in solving conflicting objective functions and constraints in the service restoration problem. And due to the introduction of front formation and elitism, the approach has a faster speed and reduced complexity.
Stochastic electrodynamics with particle structure part II - towards a zero-point induced wave behavior

A previously derived Brownian behavior (paper I) induced by the zero-point field is assumed to hold for a more realistic model. The statistical description of the particle in our model leads naturally to a probabilistic fluid-like description suitable for providing simple intuitive explanations for some well-publicized puzzles of classical stochastic theories like the nodes of the wave-function and the intrinsic spinning (so far nonquantized) of the particles. We confront our result with well-known recent analysis on fractal-like Brownian quantum paths and diffusion in quantum trajectories. It is shown that stochastic electrodynamics may lead to the diffusive fractal-like paths of the Schroedinger theory. A heuristic connection from this Brownian result to Schroedinger's phenomenology is also provided by the Lagrangian density of the probabilistic fluid.
Aggregate Freight Generation Modeling: Assessing Temporal Effect of Economic Activity on Freight Volumes with Two-Period Cross-Sectional Data

The most comprehensive publicly available freight databases are the Commodity Flow Survey and FHWA's Freight Analysis Framework. These two sources contain the dollar value and weight of freight movements at high geographic levels, such as states or metropolitan areas. Because of the difficulty of obtaining freight data at lower geographic levels, various practitioners and researchers have suggested estimating freight models on the basis of aggregate data. Following recent practice, a methodology is presented to estimate a nationwide production and attraction model for U.S. domestic trade of goods. To this end, a Commodity Flow Survey data set provided by the U.S. Census Bureau and composed of a 2-nonconsecutive-year period (2002 and 2007) of goods movement between U.S. states for 27 industry sectors was used. The state payroll by industry sector, obtained from the County Business Patterns of the U.S. census, was the variable used to estimate freight generation models. The main objective of this study was ...
Recognition of Lattice-Ordered Matrix Rings

For an l-unital l-ring R, various recognition criteria are given for R to be isomorphic to a matrix l-ring over an l-unital l-ring with the entrywise order.
Hydrogen induced suppression of yield point in A-106 steel☆

The yield point of A-106 steel is reduced by hydrogen exposure. Samples developed surface cranks typical with cracks found in metal susceptible to environmental H embrittlement. The samples tested in H showed losses in ultimate strength, reduction in area, fracture strength, and strain to fracture. These losses depend on test pressure and initial strain rate. (FS)
Modification of carbon nanotube-polystyrene matrix composites through polyatomic-ion beam deposition: predictions from molecular dynamics simulations

Abstract Classical molecular dynamics simulations are used to study polyatomic-ion beam deposition on pristine polystyrene (PS) substrates and carbon nanotube-PS matrix composite substrates. The ion beam consists of 20 C3F5+ ions and the forces are calculated with a many-body, reactive empirical bond-order potential for hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons. The simulations predict that the ion beam deposition process will lead to covalent bond formation between the nanotube and the PS matrix. In addition, the responses of the composites to the ion-beam deposition are significantly different from the response of the pristine PS substrate. The simulations detail the atomic-scale mechanisms that are responsible for these differences.
Solar Elemental Composition Based on Studies of Solar Energetic Particles

Solar abundances can be derived from the composition of the solar wind and solar energetic particles (SEPs) as well as obtained through spectroscopic means. Past comparisons have suggested that all three samples agree well, when rigidity-related fractionation effects on the SEPs were accounted for. It has been known that such effects vary from one event to the next and should be addressed on an event-by-event basis. This paper examines event variability more closely, particularly in terms of energy-dependent SEP abundances. This is now possible using detailed SEP measurements spanning several decades in energy from the Ultra Low Energy Isotope Spectrometer (ULEIS) and the Solar Isotope Spectrometer (SIS) on the ACE spacecraft. We present examples of the variability of the elemental composition with energy and suggest they can be understood in terms of diffusion from the acceleration region near the interplanetary shock. By means of a spectral scaling procedure, we obtain energy-independent abundance ratios for 14 large SEP events and compare them to reported solar wind and coronal abundances as well as to previous surveys of SEP events.
The Anesthesiologist's Guide to Palm Computing

Abstract Handheld personal computers (HPCs) are permeating the clinical and personal lives of anesthesia care providers. Common characteristics include low cost, portability, easy PC data sharing, and applications such as a calendar, phone directory, memo pad, and a task list. Additional software includes databases for case logs, medication lists, task organizers, and document readers. This article discusses the Palm brand HPC (Palm Computing, A 3Com Company, Santa Clara, CA) including purchasing tips, common uses, backing up information, security concerns, and information resources on the Internet including websites providing free trial software. Editors Note: This is the second article in an informal series describing information technology. The articles include nontechnical information and are geared toward the computer novice. These articles are also available in full text on the American Society of Regional Anesthesia (www.asra.com) website with links to the websites listed in the article. The mention of certain brand-name products is not intended to be construed as an endorsement by ASRA or RAPM and is essentially the personal preference of the authors.
Status Consciousness and Leftism: A Study of Mexican-American Adolescents

Using data collected among Mexican-American adolescents, this paper tests a model positing an effect of ethnic consciousness on system blame, and an effect of system blame on political leftism. For the sample as a whole, results support the model, although the effect of system blame on leftism is weak. Further analysis reveals an interactive relationship such that system blame has a significant effect on leftism among respondents whose father's occupation is not low (nonmarginals), but no effect among respondents whose father's occupation is low (marginals). The interaction is apparently due to a greater relevance of system blame items to nonmarginal respondents. Students of lower-class politics have devoted much attention to the hypothesis asserting an association between class consciousness and political leftism. But such inquiries have been restricted to adult proletarians, to the exclusion of their younger counterparts. Yet, the class consciousness-leftism hypothesis clamors for investigation among pre-adults. Pre-adults know about class differences (Simmons and Rosenberg; Straddling and Zureik; Tudor) and they share their family's lot in life. Moreover, it is plausible to assume that those in the anteroom of adulthood might organize their political perspectives much as, according to theory, adults are likely to organize theirs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the association between class consciousness and leftism in a Mexican-American adolescent sample. Since the subjects are members of a distinct ethnic group, it further attempts to assess the relationship between ethnic consciousness and class consciousness. A major difficulty in pursuing these research interests is the relative scarcity of appropriate settings. With the recent recurrence of Mexican-American militancy, manifested in such developments as the growth of student activism and the United Farm Workers movement, it would seem that suitable settings would abound. But this is not the case for two reasons. First, in many places respondents might be reluctant to express openly their political views for fear of reprisal from the dominant elements in the community. Second, the usual case is that leftist or quasileftist views survive only within a small segment of the target population. In such circumstances, the study of leftism within the broader community would be little more than an idle exercise. Because its political situation did not seem to present these problems, Crystal City, Texas, offered an ideal research site. Crystal City is a small South Texas community with a population of about
Murine neutrophils collected from subcutaneously implanted sponges

Abstract Polyvinyl sponges implanted subcutaneously in mice were used as a source of murine neutrophils (PMNs). Yield of PMNs from sponges averaged 6.3 × 10 5 PMNs per mouse and viability of sponge PMNs was 96.5%. These results were comparable to the yield and viability of PMNs harvested from peripheral blood. The chemotactic activity of sponge PMNs was significantly greater than the chemotactic activity of peripheral blood PMNs (chemotactic index of 4.78 ± 1.66 in sponge PMNs versus 2.16 ± 1.08 in peripheral blood PMNs, P
Affinity purification of retinoic acid-binding proteins using immobilized 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)retinoic acid.

Abstract An affinity chromatographic matrix that purifies cellular retinoic acid-binding protein to near homogeneity from rat testes cytosol has been developed. The three-step procedure includes an acid precipitation, a batch treatment with CM Bio-Gel, and affinity chromatography on 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)retinoic acid coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B. The binding protein was purified approximately 8500-fold based on total soluble testicular protein and with a recovery in excess of 80%. In addition, further enhancement of the purity of the protein can be attained by size-exclusion HPLC to increase purification to 21,000-fold. The recovered protein has an apparent Mr 14,300 as determined by size-exclusion HPLC and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein is isolated in the apo-form and retains its ability to bind retinoic acid as evidenced by the binding of [3H]retinoic acid. An apparent retinoic acid-binding protein of Mr 18,000 has also been isolated from rat testes nuclei by the affinity chromatography step. The affinity phase has been used for 6 months without any detectable loss in its ability to purify cellular retinoic acid-binding protein.
Therapeutic decision-making in inhibitor patients

A panel of hematologists met to discuss treatment choices in patients with hemophilia A and inhibitors. The group agreed that the management of bleeding episodes is complicated by a variable response to bypassing therapy, uncertainties regarding optimal dosing of NovoSeven, and concerns about the combined use of NovoSeven and FEIBA. Thrombotic risk was rated very low for both agents, and there was consensus that product selection should not be restricted to recombinant products. Cost considerations in therapeutic decision-making were also discussed.
Mutual phenomena of the Galilean satellites in 1973. III. Final results from 91 light curves.

This paper presents an analysis of photoelectric light curves of 91 mutual eclipses and occultations of the Galilean satellites that occurred from June to December 1973. From the deepest curves, radii and standard errors are deduced for J2, J3, and J4. It is shown that the substantial differences between the depths and midtimes observed and those predicted by Sampson's theory can be used in a clear and definite way to revise the orbital constants of that theory. The present analysis, which reduces all the data provided by these mutual events in one body, diminishes the latitude and longitude residuals of the unrevised theory by as much as a factor of about 10. The resulting overall consistency and the demonstrated inadequacy of an explanation based solely on surface-brightness variations argue that these corrections do represent the dominant effects required to account for the light curves. In order that these mutual events can be used with other astrometric data, the separations between a satellite pair at midevent are given. A small systematic (with solar phase angle) and unexplained difference in the longitude corrections is found for Io and Europa as obtained from nearly simultaneous pairs of occultations and eclipses.
SECTION PRE‐EQUATING THE GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATIONS

Data from the June 1980 administration of the GRE were used (a) to pre-equate complete, operational quality V, Q, and A sections of the GRE using one-variable-section, linear, section pre-equating (SPE), and (b) to check the adequacy of the results by comparing them to equatings derived by the random-halves method. The results are mixed. The V scores were satisfactorily equated using SPE. The Q scores were satisfactorily equated for one set, but the results for a second set were unsatisfactory. As expected, the strong practice affects for the A sections caused poor SPE results for the A sections.
Therapeutic considerations for patients with high-risk, nonmetastatic, prostate cancer.

The management of patients with high-risk, early-stage, prostate cancer represents a major challenge to all disciplines involved in the treatment of this common malignant neoplasm. Definition of the natural history of this disease, including the identification of key prognostic factors, in addition to the availability of active systemic therapeutic modalities for patients with advanced disease, are among the basic requirements that allow for early intervention in high-risk patients. Emerging new antiprogression approaches, targeted at various known stages of the metastatic cascade with the potential benefit of altering the natural history of early prostate cancer are attractive alternatives for early interventions with innovative programs. Studies on the natural history of patients with evidence of biochemical relapse following local treatment provide the basis for appropriate estimation of the risk ratio for development of clinical metastasis and selection of candidates for aggressive implementation of early treatment. The study of new candidate biomarkers of disease activity should be included in the context of clinical trials. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of patients in clinical trials may enhance future therapeutic prospects in this disease.
A conceptual framework and empirical research for classifying visual descriptors

This article presents exploratory research evaluating a conceptual structure for the description of visual content of images. The structure, which was developed from empirical research in several fields (e.g., Computer Science, Psychology, Information Studies, etc.), classifies visual attributes into a Pyramid containing four syntactic levels (type/technique, global distribution, local structure, composition), and six semantic levels (generic, specific, and abstract levels of both object and scene, respectively). Various experiments are presented, which address the Pyramid's ability to achieve several tasks: (1) classification of terms describing image attributes generated in a formal and an informal description task, (2) classification of terms that result from a structured approach to indexing, and (3) guidance in the indexing process. Several descriptions, generated by naive users and indexers, are used in experiments that include two image collections: a random Web sample, and a set of news images. To test descriptions generated in a structured setting, an Image Indexing Template (developed independently over several years of this project by one of the authors) was also used. The experiments performed suggest that the Pyramid is conceptually robust (i.e., can accommodate a full range of attributes), and that it can be used to organize visual content for retrieval, to guide the indexing process, and to classify descriptions obtained manually and automatically.
Recognizing, appreciating, and capturing the tacit knowledge of R&D scientists

One of the most important assets of biopharmaceutical firms is the expertise of their R&D scientists, and it is important that such intellectual assets be developed for competitive advantage. On the other hand, we have observed instances in which tacit knowledge—that which resides in the minds of scientists but is not yet communicated—was overlooked. For the biomedical sector, tacit knowledge is an important issue from the perspectives of retirement, recruitment, and turnover. As the National Science Foundation noted, (1) retirement of PhDs will dramatically increase over the next decade, and (2) between 1998 and 2008, the biological sciences are expected to have the highest job growth rate of the life sciences (35%). In addition, turnover among small, startup biotechnology companies can be a sizable fraction of total scientific employment. If the tacit knowledge of experienced scientists is not captured, in each of the above cases it may become a lost rather than a strategic asset. Our objective is to focus readers' attention on the tacit aspect of scientists' expertise and to suggest tactics for capturing and communicating that knowledge, for the strategic advantage of teams, departments, and organizations. Drug Dev. Res. 57:51–57, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bandwidth aggregation for real-time applications in heterogeneous wireless networks

A variety of wireless interfaces are available for today's mobile user to access Internet content. When coverage areas of these different technologies overlap, a terminal equipped with multiple interfaces can use them simultaneously to improve the performance of its applications. In this paper, we motivate the advantages that can be had through simultaneous use of multiple interfaces and present a network layer architecture that enables diverse multiaccess services. In particular, we explore in depth one such service provided by the architecture: Bandwidth Aggregation (BAG) for real-time applications. An important aspect of the architecture when providing BAG services for real-time applications is the scheduling algorithm that partitions the traffic onto different interfaces such that the QoS requirements of the application are met. We propose one such algorithm Earliest Delivery Path First (EDPF), that ensures packets meet their playback deadlines by scheduling packets based on the estimated delivery time of the packets. We show through analysis that EDPF performs close to an idealized Aggregated Single Link (ASL) discipline, where the multiple interfaces are replaced by a single interface with same aggregated bandwidth. A prototype implementation and extensive simulations carried using video and delay traces show the performance improvement BAG with EDPF scheduling offers over using just the Highest Bandwidth Interface (HBI) and other scheduling approaches based on weighted round robin.
The Role of Interfaces in the Room Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Directionally Solidified β+ γ- Ni70Al30 and β+ (γ+γ)- Ni50Fe30Al20 Alloys

We have shown previously that directionally solidified β+γ-Ni70Al30 and β+(γ+γ)-Ni50Fe30Al20 alloys with quasi-lamellar microstructures exhibit up to 10% tensile ductility at 300 K. The ductility enhancement was partly attributed to a slip transfer mechanism which is favored by the Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship and strong interphase interface that shows no debonding. The slip systems in the β phase were of the type {110} even though the loading axis was parallel to the growth direction in β. In the present investigation, an electron microscopy study of the β / γ and β / (γ + γ) interfaces has been conducted to understand the interfacial structure and its relation to room temperature mechanical properties. Furthermore, the stress concentration at the interface is treated analytically to understand how {110} slip occurs in the β phase, even though the loading axis is along .
Television, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.

Background It is largely unknown how TV use relates to depot-specific adiposity or cardiometabolic risk in children. Purpose To examine relationships between having a TV in the bedroom and TV viewing time with total fat mass, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study of 369 children and adolescents aged 5–18 years was conducted (2010–2011; analysis 2011–2012). Waist circumference; resting blood pressure; fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C] and glucose; fat mass by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; and abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adiposity by MRI were assessed. Cardiometabolic risk was defined as three or more risk factors including adverse levels of waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-C, and glucose. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute ORs of high fat mass; subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue mass (top age-adjusted quartile); and cardiometabolic risk, based on self-reported TV present in the bedroom and TV viewing time, controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity level, and unhealthy diet. Results In multivariable models, presence of a TV in the bedroom and TV viewing time were associated with ( p Conclusions Having a bedroom TV and TV viewing time were related to high waist circumference, fat mass, and abdominal subcutaneous adiposity. TV viewing time was related to visceral adiposity, and bedroom TV was related to cardiometabolic risk in children, controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and an unhealthy diet. Registration This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01595100.
Wick Products of the Free Bose Field

We consider Wick products of the free Bose field in the abstract context of a complex Hilbert space H equipped with a self-adjoint operator A satisfying A ⩾ eI for some e > 0. Let (K, W, Γ, ν) be the free Bose field over H, and let H = dΓ(A). Let H∞ and K∞ denote D∞(A) and D∞(H) respectively, given their natural Frechet topologies. Then for any ƒ1,…,ƒn ϵ H∞∗ the Wick product: Φ(ƒ1)···Φ(ƒn): is constructed as a continuous sesquilinear form on K∞ characterized by a generalization of the Heisenberg commutation relations. As an application, we treat pointwise products of the free scalar field and its derivatives on R × M, M an arbitrary complete Riemannian manifold. For example, if ƒ ∈ Ck0(R × M) for large enough k, then ∫R × M ƒ(p):ϑ(p)n: corresponds to an operator with domain K∞. If in addition ƒ is real-valued, n = 2, and M is compact, then this operator is essentially self-adjoint.
The effects of different modes of supervision on vigilance behaviour.

Experiment I was run to determine if a closed-circuit television and a one-way window mode of supervision were as effective as the direct physical presence of an experimenter in inducing enhanced levels of signal detection in a Mackworth-type vigilance task. A control condition of complete subject privacy was also examined. The results indicated that both the television and the window conditions had a positive effect on overall performance which was similar to that observed in the experimenter-presence condition; however, the performance decrement over the 90 min. vigil was equivalent for the four modes. A second experiment involving the variable of camera position with an addition of a fourth 30 min. period yielded no significant differences between the camera positions, but overall performance in the television condition was again better than in the control condition. This study suggested that performance can be enhanced even without the physical presence of the experimenter.
Should Developing Countries Restrict Capital Inflows

In the early 1990s, Chile imposed a tax on short-term inflows of foreign capital to control its current-account deficit by reducing the real exchange rate of the peso. The tax reduced capital inflows and increased the maturity of the foreign capital that entered that country, but the preponderance of the evidence is that the impost did not affect the real exchange rate of the peso. Moreover, the tax imposed considerable costs on the Chilean economy. After the 1997-98 financial crisis, some economists and politicians advocated such a tax to effect or preserve macroeconomic stability in developing countries. Aside from "second-best" arguments, imposing such a tax for that purpose can be justified only as a temporary measure to enable countries facing economic or financial crisis to reform and introduce prudential regulation and adequate supervision of their financial systems, but history shows that reforms dissipate as economic and financial conditions improve.
Human chorionic gonadotropin tests

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is not a single biological molecule. There is the regular form of hCG produced by differentiated syncytotrophoblast cells (regular hCG). This hormone primarily functions to maintain the myometrial and decidual spiral arteries, or the vascular supply of the placenta during the full course of pregnancy. Hyperglycosylated hCG is made by undifferentiated cytotrophoblast cells, which are extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. This is an autocrine with separate functions, it maintains trophoblast invasion as in implantation of pregnancy and malignancy in gestational trophoblastic diseases. A hyperglycosylated free beta-subunit is produced by a high proportion of all malignancies. This also functions as an autocrine by promoting the growth and invasion of the malignancy. When ordering an hCG test it is important to realize what is being measured and whether the test ordered will detect appropriately these three variants of hCG as well as their degradation products. Most automated commercial laboratory tests, point-of-care tests and over-the-counter tests are limited in what they detect, focusing only on regular hCG. This is in part due to the US FDA, who only consider regular hCG as part of a pregnancy test, and to whom only detection of regular hCG is necessary. This may cause test errors since primarily hyperglycosylated hCG is produced in early pregnancy and in choriocarcinoma and germ cell testicular malignancies. Only free beta-subunits may be produced in other germ cell malignancies (all applications for hCG test). The exceptions are the older style hCGb radioimmunoassay and the Siemens Immulite platform hCG test, which detect all beta-subunit variants of hCG and their degradation product appropriately. Apart from test specificity limitations, assays for hCG and its variants are widely used clinically in pregnancy detection, early pregnancy detection, prediction of spontaneously aborting, and ectopic pregnancies and prediction of trisomy pregnancies. hCG tests are essential in managing gestational trophoblastic diseases, whether hydatidiform mole, invasive mole or choriocarcinoma, and are very useful in management of testicular malignancies and other germ cell malignancies.
Plasmids as Epidemiologic Markers in Nosocomial Gram-Negative Bacilli: Experience at a University and Review of the Literature

Bacterial plasmids have become valuable markers for the comparison of strains of nosocomial gram-negative bacilli. The importance of plasmids in nosocomial infections is primarily due to their transferable antibiotic resistance genes (R plasmids), but other plasmid-mediated traits may eventually serve as potential markers. Stable cryptic plasmids have also served to relate outbreak strains, particularly nonfermenting strains of gram-negative bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens have been the major plasmid-containing species in outbreaks involving single or multiple species. Outbreaks of single species with common plasmid patterns have included the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Ewingella americana, and Legionella pneumophila. Intrageneric spread of the same or similar R plasmids has nearly always occurred within the Enterobacteriaceae in large medical centers or Veterans Administration hospitals. High-risk nurseries and burn units have been conspicuous foci for R plasmid evolution. Hospital epidemiologists and clinical microbiologists will likely have an ever-increasing need to determine the plasmid content of gram-negative bacilli producing endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections.
Hiroshima After Iraq: A Study in Art and War*

OCTOBER 131, Winter 2010, pp. 3–22. © 2010 October Magazine, Ltd. and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Maurice Blanchot said that political impatience makes criticism warlike. Driven by the urgency of human-inflicted disasters, we want to proceed straight to the goal of social transformation, and so, wrote Blanchot, the indirection of the poetic—and, we might add, the artistic—displeases us.1 It should not be surprising, then, that the pressing events of the past eight years—war, rendition, torture—have produced many examples of impatient criticism. Two years ago, for instance, October sent a questionnaire to a group of art-world intellectuals, soliciting opinions on artistic opposition to the invasion and occupation of Iraq, and while October’s attempt to open up a conversation about art and war was welcome, its survey suffered from the fallacy of the loaded question. It asked: “What, if anything, demotivates the current generation of academics and artists from assuming positions of public critique and opposition against the barbarous acts committed by the government of the United States against a foreign country?”2 And, after noting that today “antiwar opposition seems most visible on the Internet” and asking if the “electronic-technological public sphere” measures up to the public protests of the Vietnam era, another question inquired whether this condition implies a “fundamental transformat ion of the sense of a polit ical public subject ,”3 a transformation that, in the context of the journal’s comparison between the present and what it portrayed as an earlier golden age of protest, could only be viewed as a degeneration from activism to quietism. What emerged was a thinly disguised decline-and-fall jeremiad about opposition to war, in which current antiwar activity
Atrocity and Aporiae Teaching the Abu Ghraib Images, Teaching Against Transparency

In this article, I consider the practice of teaching with or about the Abu Ghraib images, and argue that such pedagogy is inherently founded on ethical and visual aporiae: dilemmas that are irresolvable but nonetheless demand solutions. These aporiae originate in the inseparability of the torture from its being photographed, as the images are documentary evidence of that violence, but also instruments of it. Because the idea of “transparency” underestimates the complexities of the visual questions posed by Abu Ghraib and misleadingly implies that they can be satisfactorily and permanently answered, I suggest that the first step for any ethical teaching on Abu Ghraib is to query transparency itself and dispense with its concomitant pedagogical emphasis on cultivating “visual literacy” in our students and empowering them to critically decode images. Because our students are already so much more powerful than the subjects of the Abu Ghraib photos, I argue instead for an emphasis on self-reflexivity, visual e...
Making Sense of Uncertainty: An Examination of Environmental Interpretation

Uncertainty in the environment has implications for an organisation’s structures, strategies and processes. By extending an existing uncertainty framework and measuring how it is influenced by strategic decision-making,entrepreneurial orientation and organisation structure, this paper explores the process of environmental interpretation. Hypotheses are formulated for testing on the European airport industry. The results show that a fourth type of uncertainty can be meaningfully added to the existing three-part framework; that the four types should be treated as separate constructs; and that rational strategic decision-making, entrepreneurial orientation and organic organisation structures are positively related to environmental uncertainty. Moreover, these variablesexert different levels of influence at different stages of the interpretation process. Implications for management are considered along with study limitations and recommendations for future research.
Role of renal NO production in the regulation of medullary blood flow

The unique role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of renal medullary function is supported by the evidence summarized in this review. The impact of reduced production of NO within the renal medulla on the delivery of blood to the medulla and on the long-term regulation of sodium excretion and blood pressure is described. It is evident that medullary NO production serves as an important counterregulatory factor to buffer vasoconstrictor hormone-induced reduction of medullary blood flow and tissue oxygen levels. When NO synthase (NOS) activity is reduced within the renal medulla, either pharmacologically or genetically [Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats], a super sensitivity to vasoconstrictors develops with ensuing hypertension. Reduced NO production may also result from reduced cellular uptake of l-arginine in the medullary tissue, resulting in hypertension. It is concluded that NO production in the renal medulla plays a very important role in sodium and water homeostasis and the long-term control of arterial pressure.
Recurrent Digital Fibroma of Childhood

Four cases of recurrent digital fibroma of childhood are presented, bringing the total of reported cases to 79. From our material and a review of the literature, the most characteristic features of this entity are delineated. There is no predilection for either sex. Seventy-three percent (58 cases) occurred under one year of age with 14 observed at birth; only four patients were over 5-years-old and the oldest was 15. The localization is highly diagnostic, being limited to the second to fifth carpal and pedal digits and no reported involvement of thumbs or great toes. Two cases were observed in the sole and ulnar side of the hand but associated with others in classical locations. In 50% of cases, the lesions are single at the time of diagnosis. The recurrence rate, based upon cases with adequate follow-up, was found to be 75%. To our knowledge no metastasis has ever been reported. The histology is that of a well-differentiated fibroblastic tumor with pathognomonic eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. A review of the available electron microscopic data is presented and the histogenesis is discussed.
Tomographic analysis of unsteady, reacting flows

The implementation of a new tomographic inversion method as a combustion diagnostic tool for the study of unsteady, reacting flows is evaluated using numerical experiments to reconstruct 2D fuel concentration distributions obtained from a numerical simulation of a turbulent reacting square jet. Reconstructions of nonaxisymmetric fuel concentration distributions are performed at various downstream locations from the jet exit using a few well-configured line integrals made along multiple offsets and viewing angles. The new inversion method expresses the concentration distributions to be reconstructed as a weighted sum of Karhunen-Loeve eigenfunctions, produced by the Karhunen-Loeve procedure. These eigenfunctions and their associated time coefficients are mathematically constructed to form an optimal representation of the concentration distributions in the square jet and systematically quantify their spatial and temporal downstream evolution. Ultimately, accurate reconstructions of the fuel concentration distributions at downstream locations away from the jet exit are obtained using only 28 line integrals. The effect of the number of eigenfunctions used in the reconstruction and the measurement configuration on the reconstruction accuracy is examined. (Author)
E-books or textbooks: Students prefer textbooks

Previous research has demonstrated that the experience of reading e-books is not equivalent to reading textbooks. This study examines factors influencing preference for e-books as well as reported use of e-book content. Although the present student cohort is the most technologically savvy to ever enter universities, students do not prefer e-books over textbooks regardless of their gender, computer use or comfort with computers. No significant correlations existed between the number of e-books previously used and overall preference of e-books: Participants who had previously used an e-book still preferred print texts for learning. Despite the ability to easily access supplemental content through e-books via hyperlinks and other features, students were more likely to use special features in print books than in e-books.
Nocturia in men

Nocturia, one of the most bothersome of all urological symptoms, has previously been both poorly classified and understood. Multiple factors may result in nocturia, among which are pathological conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, lower urinary tract obstruction, anxiety or primary sleep disorders, and behavioral and environmental factors. Nocturia may be attributed to nocturnal polyuria (nocturnal urine overproduction), diminished nocturnal bladder capacity, polyuria or a combination of the three. These conditions can be distinguished by a simple arithmetic analysis of the patients 24-h voiding diary. After reviewing the current state of knowledge, a scheme for rational diagnosis and care of patients suffering from loss of sleep due to nocturnal micturition is presented in this article.
Hebbian analysis of the transformation of medial entorhinal grid-cell inputs to hippocampal place fields.

The discovery of grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) permits the characterization of hippocampal computation in much greater detail than previously possible. The present study addresse...
Tolerating process variations in high-level synthesis using transparent latches

Considering process variability at the behavior synthesis level is necessary, because it makes some instances of function units slower and others faster, resulting in unbalanced control steps and reducing the attainable frequency of the circuit. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes a methodology to replace the edge-trigged flip-flops by transparent latches, to exploit latches' extra ability of passing time slacks and tolerating delay variations. In the paper we first define the timing yield in high-level synthesis, and then present how to replace flip-flops with latches to improve timing yield and mitigate the impact of process variations. We then discuss the benefits and overheads for the replacement, and propose an optimization framework for latch replacement in high-level synthesis design flow. Experimental results show that the latch-based design can achieve an average of 27% improvement of timing yield compared with traditional flip-flop based design.
Strong at the Heart: How It Feels to Heal from Sexual Abuse.

The American public is slowly becoming more comfortable with discussing sexual assault. Victims are more likely to receive encouragement and services and subjected to slightly less stigmatization t...
Brillouin Enhanced Reflectivity for Different Intensity Pump Waves

This work is concerned with phase conjugation (PC) enhancement in fluids by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). The PC is produced by four-wave mixing (FWM). The degenerate and the nearly degenerate FWM are treated (DFWM and NDFWM, respectively). Different intensity pump waves are assumed, and a new theoretical result for the PC reflectivity gain profile is derived.
The wobbly table: Increased social presence via subtle incidental movement of a real-virtual table

While performing everyday interactions, we often incidentally touch and move objects in subtle ways. These objects are not necessarily directly related to the task at hand, and the movement of an object might even be entirely unintentional. If another person is touching the object at the same time, the movement can transfer through the object and be experienced — however subtly — by the other person. For example, when one person hands a drink to another, at some point both individuals will be touching the glass, and consequently exerting small (often unnoticed) forces on the other person. Despite the frequency of such subtle incidental movements of shared objects in everyday interactions, few have examined how these movements affect human-virtual human (VH) interaction. We ran an experiment to assess how presence and social presence are affected when a person experiences subtle, incidental movement through a shared real-virtual object. We constructed a real-virtual room with a table that spanned the boundary between the real and virtual environments. The participant was seated on the real side of the table, which visually extended into the virtual world via a projection screen, and the VH was seated on the virtual side of the table. The two interacted by playing a game of “Twenty Questions,” where one player asked the other a series of 20 yes/no questions to deduce what object the other player was thinking about. During the game, the “wobbly” group of subjects experienced subtle incidental movements of the real-virtual table: the entire real-virtual table tilted slightly away/toward the subject when the virtual/real human leaned on it. The control group also played the same game, except the table did not wobble. Results indicate that the wobbly group had higher presence and social presence with the virtual human in general, with statistically significant increases in presence, co-presence, and attentional allocation. We present the experiment and results, and discuss some potential implications for virtual human systems and some potential future studies.
The IRIDIUM(R) Main Mission Antenna concept

The objective of the IRIDIUM program is to achieve a global personal satellite communication system based on a network of 66 communications satellites placed in low earth orbits. A key component of each of these satellites is the Main Mission Antenna (MMA), which consists of 3 fully active phased array panels, and provides the L-band link from the satellite to the ground users. Each phased array panel produces 16 beams, for a total of 48 beams per satellite, with users on the ground communicating with the IRIDIUM network through the satellite whose beam covers the user. The link quality and capacity specifications of the IRIDIUM system place unusual requirements on the MMA. These requirements have led to the synthesis of a novel electromagnetic and structural architecture for the MMA panels. Each MMA panel contains over 100 lightweight patch radiators.
“Erit Ergo Spiritui Subdita Caro Spiritalis” (“The Spiritual Flesh Will Therefore Be Subject to the Spirit”): The Heavenly Pleasures of the Disembodied and Reembodied—An Essay on Augustine and the Problem of Embodiment

This chapter focuses on the problem of embodiment in Augustine’s City of God. It is very well known that one of the aims of Augustine’s meditation on memory in Book Ten of the Confessions is to enable himself to forget the temptations of the flesh. It is not equally well known that some of Augustine’s most sustained reflections on the relationship between the body and the soul are situated in Books 13–14 and 21–22 of the City of God. In these books, Augustine describes in great detail three human conditions with respect to the relationship between the body and the spirit. In the first, that of embodied human beings before the fall, the flesh obeys the spirit without further ado. In the second, that of embodied human beings after the fall and before death, the flesh lusts against the spirit and the spirit struggles against the flesh. In the third, that of disembodied and reembodied human beings after the resurrection, the flesh that rested in peace after death will be raised to a perfection not enjoyed by the flesh of the first human beings, that is, the resurrected bodies of the saints will be spiritual and yet flesh will not be changed into spirit. According to Augustine, the body that human beings will receive at the resurrection represents both that bodily fullness which they had (or would have had) in the best years of their lives and a spiritual body completely purified of concupiscence, eros, libido, lust, passion, and sexual desire. Yet, as a body that experiences affections, emotions, and feelings, its supreme delight is the beatific vision, a pleasure without any perturbation. Bracketing the hermeneutical question of whether and to what extent Augustine’s description of eschatological reembodiment is scripturally consistent, this paper focuses on the issue of whether and to what extent Augustine’s account is philosophically coherent. The question is whether and to what extent it makes sense to posit a form of embodiment that completely dispenses with psycho-physical orgasms in favor of spiritual ecstasy. An answer also involves an analysis of the Platonic theory of the body, the Manichaean view of matter, and the Stoic account of the emotions, all of which Augustine seeks to exploit as foils for his description of celestial embodiment. A discussion of the Wirkungsgeschichte of Augustine’s account of heavenly pleasure in the literature of Dante, Boccaccio, Chaucer, Milton, Dostoyevsky, Manley Hopkins, and others remains a desideratum.
The role of crack origin size and early stage crack growth on high cycle fatigue of powder metallurgy Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Abstract In this work, fatigue failure mode, crack initiation, and early stage crack growth mechanism in Ti-6Al-4V alloys with different levels of microstructural inhomogeneity were investigated. The quantitative correlations between fatigue life, crack origin size, and early stage short crack growth, were analyzed and discussed. The interior early stage short crack growth rate was determined to be 10−12–10−10 m/cycle. The high and very high cycle fatigue lives predicted based on crack initiation site size and early stage short crack growth rate agree well with real fatigue data.
To Alleviate Suffering: A Professor Reflects on the Moral Stakes of His Teaching

This article is a meditation on a professor's effort to fuse the personal and political in his teaching and, especially, to reframe the stakes away from the technical and toward the moral. As a teacher and educator, I consider two questions about my teaching that emerged from the mandate to reflect on teaching effectiveness during my promotion and tenure review process: Are my students more powerful in the world because of my teaching, and does my teaching alleviate suffering? I theorize what each question means for how I approach my classes to uncover larger questions about what it means to teach. In particular, I argue that any consideration of teaching reduced to a set of skills fails to attend to the sociocultural reality of students' lives, and thus reproduces suffering.