cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data prefetching in multiprocessor vector cache memories

This paper reports the cache performance of a set of vectorized numerical program from the Perfect Club benchmarks. Using a low cost trace driven simularion technique we show how a non-prefetching vector cache can result in unpredictable performance and how rhis unpredictability makes it difficult to find a good block size. We describe two simple prefetch schemes to reduce the influence of long stride vector accesses and misses due IO block invalidations in mulliprocessor vector caches. These two schemes are shown to have better performance than a non-prefetching cache.
Enumeration of four-connected three-dimensional nets. I. Conversion of all edges of simple three-connected two-dimensional nets into crankshaft chains.

Various topological approaches to mathematical analysis, classification and enumeration of four-connected three-dimensional (3D) nets are listed. Four-connected 3D nets are being generated systematically by conversion of edges of a vertical stack of congruent three-connected two-dimensional (2D) nets into chains. This paper describes 57 3D nets obtained by converting into crankshaft chains all edges of the simpler 2D nets in the catalog of the Consortium of Theoretical Frameworks. Atomic coordinates are given for distance-least-squares modeling in the highest space group. Nine nets occur in known structures: tridymite, Zn2P2O8 \cdot organic, aluminophosphates AlPO-5 (Inter­national Zeolite Association Structure Commission code AFI), AlPO-8 (AEI), AlPO-11 (AEL), AlPO-25 (ATV), AlPO-41 (AFO), AlPO-54 (VFI) and AlPO-H2 (AHT).
On the use of genetic algorithms for optimization of a multi-band, Multi-Mission radar network

Numerous studies have proposed a next-generation Multi-Mission Phased Array Radar (MPAR) network in the USA. However, most of these have focused on either the S-band or the X-band exclusively. With a high importance being placed on the multi-mission aspect of the MPAR project, a single-band network would be problematic in providing a replacement for the four main radar networks in the USA (WSR-88D, Terminal Doppler Weather Radar, Airport Surveillance Radar, and the Air Route Surveillance Radar). A multi-band network would provide a sufficient range of frequencies to manage the multiple radar missions while still offering a cohesive, joint-effort MPAR network with similar designs, centralized maintenance and support, and significantly increased low-level coverage and performance. A series of multi-band network optimizations are presented, taking into account factors such as population density, beam blockage due to terrain, various climatological datasets, and attenuation at high frequencies due to convective precipitation. Using our optimization framework, a full cost-benefit field has been generated which can be applied to network design based on user needs and financial constraints.
Infectious Diseases of Poverty in Children: A Tale of Two Worlds

"Infectious diseases of poverty" (IDoP) describes infectious diseases that are more prevalent among poor and vulnerable populations, namely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, tuberculosis (TB), malaria, and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In 2013, 190,000 children died of HIV-related causes and there were 550,000 cases and 80,000 TB deaths in children. Children under age 5 account for 78% of malaria deaths annually. NTDs remain a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries. This article provides an overview of the major IDoP that affect children. Clinicians must be familiar with the epidemiology and clinical manifestations to ensure prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Changing pattern of primary hyperoxaluria in Switzerland

Background. The clinical course of primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is greatly variable and diagnosis is often delayed. Little is known about the overall occurrence and current prognosis. Methods. We evaluated all known patients with PH residing and observed in Switzerland during the last 15 years with the help of a survey among Swiss nephrologists. Results. Of the 25 patients observed between 7/79 and 6/94 in Switzerland, 18 were alive in 1994-14 on conservative therapy and four on renal replacement therapy (RRT). Twenty-two patients had PH type 1 ; the exact type was not determined in three. The estimated prevalence of PH (type 1) is 2 per million population; the minimal incidence is 1 per 100 000 live births. Diagnosis was delayed by 8 years (median) except in infants. Five patients were pyridoxine sensitive. According to life table analysis, 20% of patients were in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and 10% had died by the age of 15 years, and 50% were in ESRF and 20% dead at 25 years. Prognosis has improved : Five of 13 patients died during the first half of the observation period as opposed to two of 20 in the second part. Conclusions. Overall prognosis appears better than hitherto believed considering the large clinical spectrum of PH. Greater awareness of PH is needed to improve further long-term prognosis.
Spatial landmarks regulate a Cdc42-dependent MAPK pathway to control differentiation and the response to positional compromise

A fundamental problem in cell biology is to understand how spatial information is recognized and integrated into morphogenetic responses. Budding yeast undergoes differentiation to filamentous growth, which involves changes in cell polarity through mechanisms that remain obscure. Here we define a regulatory input where spatial landmarks (bud-site-selection proteins) regulate the MAPK pathway that controls filamentous growth (fMAPK pathway). The bud-site GTPase Rsr1p regulated the fMAPK pathway through Cdc24p, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the polarity establishment GTPase Cdc42p. Positional landmarks that direct Rsr1p to bud sites conditionally regulated the fMAPK pathway, corresponding to their roles in regulating bud-site selection. Therefore, cell differentiation is achieved in part by the reorganization of polarity at bud sites. In line with this conclusion, dynamic changes in budding pattern during filamentous growth induced corresponding changes in fMAPK activity. Intrinsic compromise of bud-site selection also impacted fMAPK activity. Therefore, a surveillance mechanism monitors spatial position in response to extrinsic and intrinsic stress and modulates the response through a differentiation MAPK pathway.
NMR of textures in rotating 3 He-A

Four vortex textures in /sup 3/He-A, one analytic and three singular, are proposed as possible candidates to explain recent transverse NMR results in the Helsinki rotating cryostat. Although the analytic texture, previously discussed by Seppaaumllaauml and Volovik, has a transverse NMR shift and absorption closest to the observed values, the agreement with experiment is not wholly satisfactory. Longitudinal NMR shifts and absorption are calculated for the four textures; such measurements might determine which vortex is present.
Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity of the embryonic chick retina.

Summary and Conclusion1. The alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was determined on whole homogenates of embryonic chick retina from the 12 th day of incubation until 3 days after hatching.2. The alkaline phosphatase activity increases slowly up to 16 days and then more rapidly to 19 days, when it reaches a maximum. After the 20th day it begins to decrease until 3 days after hatching, at which time it establishes a level of activity which is apparently constant throughout the life of the chicken.3. The acid phosphatase activity is considerably higher than the alkaline at 12 days, but shows only a slight increase up to 19 days, after which it also falls to a new level.4. Since the rise in activity of both acid and alkaline phosphatase correspond closely to the period of cellular maturation in the chick retina, this seems to give added support to the concept that these enzymes may be associated with the histochemistry of differentiation.
Stability, Reciprocity, and the Fair Value of Political Liberty: The Reticent Socialism of John Rawls

John Rawls argued that welfare-state capitalism would be rejected in a constitutional convention called to implement the principles of justice chosen in the original position. But neither property-owning democracy nor liberal democratic socialism could be ruled out. Property-owning democracy allows private ownership of major productive assets, while liberal democratic socialism does not. Rawls came to rely on the first-principle guarantee of the fair value of political liberty in his defense of the difference principle. Bur fair value -- together with the principle of reciprocity and the need to assure stability -- lays the basis for a powerful argument for constitutional-stage measures that rule out private ownership of major productive assets.
Study on the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Concret by A.C.Impedance Spectroscopy

The new request for cement based composite was put forward with the development of cementitious materials, in which more researches are made on electrical conductivity of cement based materials. The way of making electric cementitious materials is to add electric element. The common element used is carbon fiber, which can not only increase the conductivity of the specimens by several orders of magnitude but also ehnance the mechanical properties of speciments, especial ductility. In this paper, the A.C. impedance spectroscopy of carbon fiber reinforced cement composite are measured and the relationship between microstructure and the electrical conductivity are studied. The results provide an important guide for the manufacture of conductive and intrinsically smart carbon fiber reinforced composites.
Epidemiological Analysis of Acute Flaccid Paralysis Cases in Futian District of Shenzhen City During 2007-2009

[Objective] To conduct acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases surveillance well, and consolidate the achievement of polio-free.[Methods]From 2007-2009, epidemiological features of the AFP cases in Futian District of Shenzhen City were analyzed descriptively, and the operation status of surveillance system was analyzed statistically.[Results]From 2007-2009, a total of 43 AFP cases were reported and the difference of results between age distribution was significant (χ2=19.7125, P0.01). The reported incidence of AFP cases under 15 years in 3 years were 1.47 /100 000, 1.33 /100 000, 1.21 /100 000 respectively. All the surveillance system indicators matched the requirements. The collection rate of adequate stool specimens was 95.3%. One polio type I virus , 1 polio type II virus and 1polio type Ⅲ virus were isolated, all were vaccine strains..The isolated rate of non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) was 4.6%. In 2007-2009, the reported immunization coverage rate of OPV was 99.5%, 99.0%, 100%, respectively. From March to September in 2008, OPV immunization campaign mostly aiming at floating children was conducted. The investigation showed 2190 children should have OPV supplement, and finally 2184 OPV were taken.[Conclusion]Doing well in routine immunization and qualified fecal specimens collection of AFP cases, and continuing to maintain the sensitivity of AFP surveillance system are important in polio-free confirmation period.
Native American Linguistic Ethnobotany: Historical Perspectives of Plant Descriptions, Uses, and Cultural Value

All known plants have scientific names, but only a subset of plant species have traditional common names. One of the goals of plant systematics is to assign names based on the phylogenetic or evolutionary history of all plants. In contrast the study of Native American plant names is the study of interactions between plants and people. Plants with traditional common names include ecosystem dominants as well as plants with food, fiber, medicinal, cultural, or spiritual uses. The continuous acculturation of Native Americans has led to a decrease of this historic knowledge. This study categorized the English translations of plant common names available from five western tribes to identify plant uses and perceptions among tribes. Five published accounts of 692 translations of Native American plant names to English were categorized into nine categories. These plant name categories were: 1) descriptive of itself, 2)description compared to a different plant, 3) description compared to an animal, 4) described as a food, 5) described as a medicine, 6) a plant ecology or physiological reference, 7) a cultural or folklore reference, 8) a ceremonial or spiritual reference, 9) an untranslatable monolexeme or unique name. The most frequently used plant description was a description of the plant itself, accounting for almost half (48%) of the common names. Twenty-two percent of the named plants described a useful trait to either humans or animals, including food and medicine. The Native Americans have a wealth of knowledge of the uses and utility of the plants they frequently encountered. This study is an important step to document and retain the wealth of knowledge Native Americans have to offer before it is lost. 1 Murphy: Native American Linguistic Ethnobotany Published by Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC, 2015
Social Structures Shaping Immigrant Integration — “The Power of Skin”

This quote taken from the interview of Fatima, a resident of France for 13 years, echoes the sentiment of many African migrants, who perceive a French state with changing societal rules for international migrants and their children. Her two older children attained French citizenship at birth (jus solis) as guaranteed under Article 44 of the Certificat de nationalite francaise (CNF; or French Nationality Code). In addition to being the law, the idea that one is a French citizen as a result of being born on French soil had been the practice in France since 1889. Fatima’s younger children were not yet citizens because they were born after the 1993 Mehaignerie Law, also known as the Second Pasqua Law (i.e., Loi Mehaignerie or Loi Pasqua after Interior Minister Charles Pasqua), which abolished Article 44 of the CNF. Prior to the Mehaignerie Law, children of immigrants were granted French citizenship at birth or at the age of majority (or 18 years old) if they arrived as children. About 24,000 individuals obtained French citizenship in this way each year during the early 1990s, and most had parents of non-European origin (Hargreaves 1995; 2007).
Genres, structures and strategies in interactive digital narratives: analyzing a body of works created in ASAPS

The Advanced Stories Authoring and Presentation System (ASAPS) has been used to build 60 interactive digital narratives (IDN) so far. The paper briefly discusses several salient aspects of the system, including the bottom-up approach of the project and observations from using the tool for teaching in an academic setting, as well as related work. Next, we describe several outstanding examples of ASAPS narratives before analyzing visual styles, narrative genres, and structural aspects, as well as identifying additional narrative strategies.
Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling to Evaluate the Impact of Pharmaceutical Excipients on Oral Drug Absorption: Sensitivity Analyses

Drug solubility, effective permeability, and intestinal metabolism and transport are parameters that govern intestinal bioavailability and oral absorption. However, excipients may affect the systemic bioavailability of a drug by altering these parameters. Thus, parameter sensitivity analyses using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were performed to examine the potential impact of excipients on oral drug absorption of different Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class drugs. The simulation results showed that changes in solubility had minimal impact on Cmax and AUC0-t of investigated BCS class 1 and 3 drugs. Changes in passive permeability altered Cmax more than AUC0-t for BCS class 1 drugs but were variable and drug-specific across different BCS class 2 and 3 drugs. Depending on the drug compounds for BCS class 1 and 2 drugs, changes in intestinal metabolic activity altered Cmax and AUC0-t. Reducing or increasing influx and efflux transporter activity might likely affect Cmax and AUC0-t of BCS class 2 and 3 drugs, but the magnitude may be drug dependent. Changes in passive permeability and/or transporter activity for BCS class 2 and 3 drugs might also have a significant impact on fraction absorbed and systemic bioavailability while changes in intestinal metabolic activity may have an impact on gut and systemic bioavailability. Overall, we demonstrate that PBPK modeling can be used routinely to examine sensitivity of bioavailability based on physiochemical and physiological factors and subsequently assess whether biowaiver requirements need consideration of excipient effects for immediate release oral solid dosage forms.
A nonlinear method for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) aberration reduction

Higher frequency components, which are induced by a nonlinear response of tissue under high pressures, have long been known to enhance thermal ablation due to the increased absorption of the higher frequencies. It has been proposed that aspects of nonlinear propagation could be used to control power deposition. This study describes an approach designed to exploit the enhanced heating effect of nonlinear ultrasound while utilizing yet another property of a properly designed nonlinear field. By using a relatively low driving frequency to propagate through aberration layers close to the source before the buildup of higher harmonics, the less distorted low frequency wave then acts as a virtual source, creating a higher frequency beam of harmonics of the driving source. Simulation and experimental studies have established the feasibility of the proposed method. The results identify parameters that exhibit reduced spatial distortion of HIFU focal fields when the 2nd harmonic is analyzed. This was shown to be the case for both single-source and multiple-source focused ultrasound, and experimentally demonstrated with ultrasound transmission through both bone phantom and ex vivo human skull. In a highly inhomogeneous nearfield, as may be created by bone or fat layers, the resulting field is considerably less distorted than direct linear propagation of the same frequency. Future challenges include the optimization of this effect by designing a beam that minimizes the fundamental frequency and maximizes the harmonics at the target.
Sex Effect in Atrial Fibrillation: Is It All About Atrial Function?

Over the past 25 years, our knowledge concerning embolic stroke, secondary to atrial fibrillation, has increased exponentially. Although it is well accepted that atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke in aggregate in a population ≈5-fold, several risk score models exist to further predict who will benefit from stroke prophylaxis with anticoagulants. The CHADS2 risk score had been the standard in assessing risk in any individual patient with atrial fibrillation for several years. More recently, the CHADS2VASC score has become favored by more recent guidelines as the recommended algorithm to guide oral anticoagulant decisions.1,2 This risk model importantly includes female sex as an important risk factor in stroke secondary to atrial fibrillation. This inclusion of female sex as a risk factor was formed on the basis of multiple studies. See Article by Yoshida et al Fang et al studied sex differences in over 13 000 patients3 in the ATRIA study (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation). His group found almost double the risk of stroke in women compared with men when off warfarin. In studying over 5000 patients taking part in the Euro Heart Survey, Dagres et al4 also found that women had almost twice the risk of stroke. However, in this study, the risk was highest …
Earthworm populations are affected from long-term crop sequences and bio-covers under no-tillage

Abstract Earthworms are crucial for improving soil biophysical properties in cropping systems. Consequently, effects of cropping rotation and bio-covers were assessed on earthworm populations under no-tillage. Main effects of six different cropping [corn ( Zea mays ), cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ), and soybean ( Glycine max )] rotations ranging from monocultures to greater rotation complexity were implemented in four-year cycles for 12 years at two sites in Tennessee, USA with split-block bio-cover treatments of hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa ), wheat ( Triticum aestivum ), poultry litter, and a fallow control. Earthworms were collected to a 15 cm depth, hand sorted, and identified spring of 2013 and 2015 as one of three species (i.e., Diplocardia caroliniana , Lumbricus rubellus , or Amyntha spp.). Species richness and relative abundance were significantly affected by bio-covers and cropping sequences for both years at one site, but only by bio-covers at the other location. Under continuous cotton, overall earthworm populations were reduced 55–68%, and D. caroliniana decreased as much as 88%. Conversely, sequences with soybean and corn had larger populations of D. caroliniana , which did not differ when in rotations, indicating favorable food sources in their rhizospheres. Poultry litter supported 2.2 times as many D. caroliniana and L. rubellus across locations and years, compared to cover crops and the control. Consequently, earthworm populations were greatest under nutrient rich bio-covers (poultry litter) and high residue, less pesticide-intensive rotations (soybean and corn), suggesting a more dynamic soil ecology in these systems. Negative effects of cotton might be mitigated by fewer pesticide inputs, increased crop rotations, and poultry litter amendments.
Lack of Impact on Platelet Increments by Number of Apheresis Platelet Units Transfused

Introduction: Prophylactic platelet transfusions are often given when a predetermined platelet count is reached and the amount given is that necessary to achieve a desired post count. This method of transfusion ignores the question of whether the patient receives increased benefit from transfusion when more than one unit is given. To determine what effect this practice has had on transfusion outcome and platelet utilization, we have reviewed 5 years of platelet transfusion data to look specifically at transfusion events when more than one single donor platelet was given during a 24 hour period. Methods: Transfusion data was obtained from that used for utilization review 2002 –2006. The data was sorted to identify records indicating that 2 or more units of apheresis platelets were received in a 24 hour period. This information was further selected to include only those with hematologic diseases. The platelet counts identified for inclusion were the counts prior to the release of the first unit given during the day and the first count after the release of the last unit. The change in the platelet count for the number of units was recorded and averaged for each unit increment for each record. Statistical analysis was performed and was not statistically significant. Results For the 5 year period, 86% of all platelet transfusions at our institution were given to patients with hematologic diseases and 27% of these were given as 2, 3, or 4 units within a 24 hour period. 716 records had 2377 days with multiple transfusions; 1802, 428, and 147 episodes of 2, 3, and 4 units respectively. The increase in platelet count for a single unit transfusion at our institution averages 32.3 ×10 9 /L. The platelet increments for 2, 3, and 4 units showed no statistical increase from this number or each other. There is no trend for the final platelet count to be greater when more units are given. These results do not take patient condition or the use of specialized products into consideration. Discussion: Our experience suggests that transfusions of multiple platelet units may not have a greater impact on platelet increments than that when fewer units are transfused. To fully understand this data and its potential impact on patient care, further subgroup analysis within the platelet increments and correlation with patient condition and the prescribed transfusion parameters is needed.
Consumer Involvement: What It Offers to Advertising Strategy

Several marketing scholars have stressed the importance of involvement to marketing strategy, and have suggested areas where the application of involvement offers the greatest potential benefit. This paper presents a synthesis of previous conceptualizations and implications, with specific reference to advertising strategy. Implications with respect to advertising strategy in the areas of scheduling, frequency and content of advertising are discussed.
ROFI - The Use of Repeated Optimization for Feature Interpretation

High-throughput molecular profiling technologies have the capability to capture both global and targeted scale data for multiple biomolecules. In the case of biomarker discovery, building predictive models via machine learning has become a common strategy for evaluating these large complex datasets. In biology however, identification of a collection of features (e.g., metabolites) that work well in combination is vital to the identification of candidate biomarkers of interest for validation or to gain insight into the biological mechanisms associated with the outcome of interest. Thus, gaining insight into the value of the feature in the model is important for inferring relationships between the features and the phenotype. We present an approach that uses repeated optimization to enable improved feature interpretation (ROFI). ROFI is shown to return better or comparable results to existing methods for true negatives. Furthermore, application to a real world dataset associated with type 1 diabetes confirms that ROFI identifies metabolites with a clear connection to the disease in an easy to interpret format.
Upper Egyptian Predynastic

RELATIVE TIME PERIOD: Follows the Late Paleolithic Egyptian tradition and precedes the Early Dynastic tradition. The Upper Egyptian Predynastic sequence is generally divided into the Badarian, Nagada I (Amratian), Nagada II (Gerzean), and Nagada III (Protodynastic) periods. There are from 11 to 15 subdivisions in Nagada I–III.
Bivalirudin versus heparin, without glycoprotein inhibition, in percutaneous coronary intervention: A comparison of ischemic and hemorrhagic outcomes over 10years.

Abstract Objective The choice of antithrombotic agent used during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is controversial. While earlier studies suggested a reduction in bleeding events with bivalirudin, these studies were confounded by the concomitant use of glycoprotein IIbIIIa inhibitors (GPI) in the heparin group. More recent studies have challenged the superiority of bivalirudin, pointing to an increased risk of stent thrombosis. Real-world data remains limited. Methods We queried our institutional catheterization laboratory database for all PCI cases performed between January 2003 and December 2012 using only heparin or only bivalirudin (no use of GPI). We collected data on relevant patient and procedural characteristics and compared both efficacy and safety outcomes. We adjusted for baseline differences using coarsened exacting matching. Results 8061 cases met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 34.9% were performed with heparin alone and 65.1% with bivalirudin. After adjusting for baseline differences, we found that those patients receiving heparin had a slightly lower risk of post-procedural abrupt vessel closure (0.1% vs 0.5%). All other outcomes favored bivalirudin including procedural success (97.2% vs 95.5%), transfusion within 72 h (2.2% vs 4.8%), retroperitoneal bleeding (0.1% vs 0.8%), and all-cause mortality (0.9% vs 1.9%). Subgroup analysis suggested that outcomes were different only in non-elective cases and non STEMI cases. Conclusion Heparin appears to offer the advantage of slightly reduced risk of abrupt vessel closure post-procedure but at the cost of increased hemorrhagic complications and all-cause mortality. This difference in outcomes may be limited to non-elective and non STEMI cases with femoral access.
Clinical Utility of Oculomotor and Electrophysiological Measures in Identifying Concussion History.

Objective To examine whether oculomotor and electrophysiological measures improve the clinical performance of the typical concussion protocol for classifying collegiate athletes with a history of concussion. Design Cross-sectional. Setting University Athletic Medicine and Research Facility. Participants Forty-five varsity collegiate athletes. Independent variables Collegiate varsity athletes with or without a history of a diagnosed concussion. Main outcome measures Multivariate receiver operating curve and area under the curve (AUC) analyses tested the clinical performance of the typical concussion protocol (symptoms, postural control, neuropsychological abilities). We examined differences in clinical performance between this protocol and after adding reflexive saccade and event-related potential (ERP) indices. Hypotheses were formed after data collection. Results Significant AUCs were demonstrated for the typical concussion protocol (model 1: AUC = 0.75, P = 0.007), after adding reflexive saccade eye excursion gain (model 2: AUC = 0.80, P = 0.001), and ERPs (model 3: AUC = 0.79, P = 0.002). The AUC for reflexive saccades and ERPs was significant (model 4: AUC = 0.70, P = 0.030). Model 2's increased clinical performance compared with model 1 was nonsignificant, χ(2) = 1.871, P = 0.171. Conclusions All 4 models demonstrated adequate sensitivity and specificity for classifying athletes with a previous concussion. Adding reflexive saccades and ERPs did not significantly increase clinical performance of the typical concussion protocol. Future research should determine the clinical utility of saccades and ERPs for acute postconcussion assessments.
Standard Setting Organizations and Competition Laws: Lessons and Suggestions from the United States

The activities of Standard Setting Organizations (SSOs) in determining product standards, especially those covered by Standard Essential Patents (SEPs), create opportunities for anti-competitive and exclusionary behavior, including “hold-ups.” In the United States, antitrust laws have been used to attempt to eliminate such behavior and to minimize its effects. Ironically, concerns about the interpretation of those same laws have made SSOs reluctant to adopt policies that could make their processes more efficient. This chapter looks at the anti-competitive and exclusionary risks posed by SSOs and how American antitrust laws have been used to deal with those risks. The chapter also explores how uncertainty about the application of antitrust and competition laws directed at collective activity may be standing in the way of SSOs adopting procedures and policies that might help avoid those risks and create greater certainty and efficiency. It shows how American antitrust laws and similar competition laws can provide SSOs greater freedom than often believed to, for example, establish maximum royalty rates and determine mandatory licensing terms for SEPs. The chapter concludes with recommendations to help assure that SSOs do not use their powers for anti-competitive purposes.
The “Good Enough” Parent: Perfectionism and Relationship Satisfaction Among Parents and Nonparents:

Relationship satisfaction has profound implications for psychological and physical well-being, yet it significantly decreases while couples are raising children. Perfectionism—the tendency to expec...
A Multiview Multimodal System for Monitoring Patient Sleep

Clinical observations indicate that during critical care at the hospitals, a patient's sleep positioning and motion have a significant effect on recovery rate. Unfortunately, there is no formal medical protocol to record, quantify, and analyze motion of patients. There are very few clinical studies that use manual analysis of sleep poses and motion recordings to support medical benefits of patient positioning and motion monitoring. Manual processes do not scale, are prone to human errors, and put strain on an already taxed healthcare workforce. This study introduces multimodal, multiview motion analysis and summarization for healthcare (MASH). MASH is an autonomous system, which addresses these issues by monitoring healthcare environments and enabling the recording and analysis of patient sleep-pose patterns. MASH uses three RGB-D cameras to monitor patients in a medical intensive care unit (ICU) room. The proposed algorithms estimate pose direction at different temporal resolutions and use keyframes to efficiently represent pose transition dynamics. MASH combines deep features computed from the data with a modified version of hidden Markov model (HMM) to flexibly model pose duration and summarize patient motion. The performance is evaluated in ideal (BC: bright and clear/occlusion-free) and natural (DO: dark and occluded) scenarios at two motion resolutions and in two environments: a mock-up and a medical ICU. The usage of deep features is evaluated and their performance compared with engineered features. Experimental results using deep features in DO scenes increase performance from $\text{86.7}\%$ to $\text{93.6}\%$ , while matching the classification performance of engineered features in BC scenes. The performance of MASH is compared with HMM and C3D. The overall overtime tracing and summarization error rate across all methods increased when transitioning from the mock-up to the the medical ICU data. The proposed keyframe estimation helps achieve a $\text{78}\%$ transition classification accuracy.
Endovascular Treatment of Infrapopliteal Arteries

Patients with critical limb ischemia typically have multilevel peripheral artery disease including infrapopliteal atherosclerotic occlusions. Endovascular interventions to the infrapopliteal arteries are increasingly performed to maximize limb salvage and prevent major amputation. Recent advances in technical approaches to infrapopliteal artery lesion crossing and balloon angioplasty have improved limb salvage rates, while the addition of adjunctive and emerging therapies promises to improve long-term outcomes in this challenging patient population.
Diverse interpenetration schemes and topologies in cobalt coordination polymers constructed from 2-carboxycinnamic acid and a long-spanning dipyridylpiperazine ligand

Abstract Hydrothermal reaction of cobalt nitrate, 2-carboxycinnamic acid (H2cca), and a long-spanning dipyridyl-type ligand resulted in three coordination polymers that were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction and manifested different structural topologies and interpenetration schemes. {[Co(cca)(4-bpmp)(H2O)2]·4H2O}n (1, 4-bpmp = bis(4-pyridylmethyl)piperazine) shows a 2-fold interpenetrated 4-connected 66 dia network. Use of the dipyridylamide bis(4-pyridylformyl)piperazine (4-bpfp) produced a crystalline mixture of the major product 3D 6-connected 41263 pcu network coordination polymer {[Co(cca)(4-bpfp)]·2H2O}n (2) and the minor product 1D chain coordination polymer [Co(dibf)2(4-bpfp)(H2O)2]n (3, dibf = 3-dihydro-3-oxo-1-isobenzofuranacetate). The in situ rearrangement of 2-carboxycinnamic acid in the presence of 4-bpfp produced the anionic lactone dibf in 3. Thermal decomposition behavior of the new major product phases was probed.
Antisense Oligonucleotides as Anti-Viral Agents: New Drugs for a New Age

We need a new paradigm for the development of effective anti-viral agents. Knowledge of molecular biology, of how the cell and virus function, is now extensive. However, most drug development programs are still based on the old concepts: find an active natural product by screening, study its mode of action, and attempt to improve it by making analogs. In the more sophisticated cases the use of molecular modeling of small drug molecules to protein active sites is utilized. But, little progress has been made in developing effective antiviral agents by these strategies.
Novel opportunities for computational biology and sociology in drug discovery: Corrected paper

Current drug discovery is impossible without sophisticated modeling and computation. In this review we outline previous advances in computational biology and, by tracing the steps involved in pharmaceutical development, explore a range of novel, high-value opportunities for computational innovation in modeling the biological process of disease and the social process of drug discovery. These opportunities include text mining for new drug leads, modeling molecular pathways and predicting the efficacy of drug cocktails, analyzing genetic overlap between diseases and predicting alternative drug use. Computation can also be used to model research teams and innovative regions and to estimate the value of academy–industry links for scientific and human benefit. Attention to these opportunities could promise punctuated advance and will complement the well-established computational work on which drug discovery currently relies.
The Community Counseling, Education, and Research Center (CCERC) Model: Addressing Community Mental Health Needs Through Engagement Scholarship

Providing access to high-quality health services for all people is a national problem further compounded when the focus is mental health. Long-term primary prevention strategies and solutions, foundational to best practices in public health, are often considered at odds with short-term profit-driven private sector approaches within the capitalistic economy of the United States. Engagement scholarship, then, provides a uniquely viable, adaptable, responsive, customizable, and sustainable set of structures, mechanisms, and processes to address pressing societal needs. The CCERC model of engaged scholarship offers an example of community engagement, transformative and exceptional in addressing these societal and structural health care problems, with potential for customizable and contextual scalability. Specifically, world-class health care as a human right and an organizational value can be operationalized with engagement scholarship, which has the creativity and capacity to transform institutional values into purposeful and practical vehicles of community change.
Utilization of a Radiation Safety Time-Out Reduces Radiation Exposure During Electrophysiology Procedures

AbstractObjectives: This study sought to determine whether a radiation safety time-out reduces radiation exposure in electrophysiology procedures.Background: Time-outs are integral to improving qua...
CONNECTING GRADUATE STUDENTS TO VIRTUAL GUESTS THROUGH ASYNCHRONOUS DISCUSSIONS - ANALYSIS OF AN EXPERIENCE

Information technologies provide unique opportunities for higher education faculty to rethink the resources that are available to re-envision their pedagogical techniques. One such promise is the ability of the faculty member to invite virtual guest speakers or experts into the graduate course through web-based conferencing. The virtual guest can host asynchronous interactive discussions with students in the course for a specified period of time. These technologies provide students with the ability to interact with guests in new ways by expressing individual concerns and discussing them without time and place constraints. This paper describes in quantitative and qualitative terms one such experience in a graduate course where three virtual guests were invited to interact with the students over the eleven-week course.
Multiple Deep Learning Architectures Achieve Superior Performance Diagnosing Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Features Previously Extracted From Structural And Functional Mri

The diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a subjective process requiring clinical expertise in neurodevelopmental disorders. Since such expertise is not available at many clinics, automated diagnosis using machine learning (ML) algorithms would be of great value to both clinicians and the imaging community to increase the diagnoses’ availability and reproducibility while reducing subjectivity. This research systematically compares the performance of classifiers using over 900 subjects from the IMPAC database [1], using the database’s derived anatomical and functional features to diagnose a subject as autistic or healthy. In total 12 classifiers are compared from 3 categories including: 6 nonlinear shallow ML models, 3 linear shallow models, and 3 deep learning models. When evaluated with an AUC ROC performance metric, results include: (1) amongst the shallow learning methods, linear models outperformed nonlinear models, agreeing with [2]. (2) Deep learning models outperformed shallow ML models. (3) The best model was a dense feedforward network, achieving 0.80 AUC which compares to the recently reported $0.79 \pm 0.01$ AUC average of the top 10 methods from the IMPAC challenge [3]. These results demonstrate that even when using features derived from imaging data, deep learning methods can provide additional predictive accuracy over classical methods.
ATP Data Collection: Presentation

This presentation covers the following data overviews: ATP Business Reporting Survey, the ATP Joint Venture Survey, the ATP Survey of Applicants and the ATP Post-Project Survey.
The Landmark Series: Gallbladder Cancer

Given the rarity of gallbladder carcinoma, level I evidence to guide the multimodal treatment of this disease is lacking. Since 2010, four randomized phase III clinical trials including ABC-02, PRODIGE-12/ACCORD-18, BILCAP, and BCAT, and a single-arm phase II trial (SWOG0809) have been reported on the use of adjuvant strategies for biliary malignancies. These trials have led to the recommendation that patients with resected biliary tract cancer should be offered adjuvant capecitabine chemotherapy and those with R1 margins could be considered for chemoradiotherapy. Because there is no level I evidence to guide neoadjuvant therapy or surgical management, current consensus is based on strong retrospective data. The following review summarizes available trials and highlights the best available evidence that form the basis of consensus statements for the multimodal management of gallbladder carcinoma.
I’m Here, You’re There: In-Absentia Caregiver Stress & Transnational Support of Elderly Mothers by Adult Children

Providing support between generations in a transnational family context is understudied in the aging literature. Specifically, this study investigated the stress experiences and stressors experienc...
Exercise Dose Associated With Military Service: Implications for the Clinical Management of Inherited Risk for Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

Introduction High levels of aerobic exercise in individuals who have a gene mutation associated with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) are associated with clinical disease progression. Guidelines consequently restrict patients from competitive athletics. However, there is minimal literature to guide the safe dosing of physical activity outside of the setting of competitive athletics. Patients may be physically active pursuant to a variety of careers, including military service. This study aimed to define a therapeutic window for exercise for ARVC gene-positive individuals that are compatible with continuing military service and general health while maintaining a level of exercise below that which risks disease progression. Materials and methods Using standard metabolic equations, we calculated the minimum VO2 max (amount of oxygen utilized at peak exercise capacity) required to pass the physical fitness tests for each branch. We then developed a sample exercise prescription to maintain this level of fitness. We compared the prescribed exercise load with the physical activity levels associated with non-inferior clinical outcomes in ARVC gene-positive individuals. Additionally, we determined the physical activity exposure sustained by service members based on self-report data and compared these values with the upper limit of safe exercise exposure. Results Based on a review of the currently available literature, aerobic exercise exposure less than 700 to 1,100 MET-hours/year (metabolic equivalent-hours per year) is not associated with inferior clinical outcomes for gene-positive individuals. A military service member needs 600 to 700 MET-hours/year to minimally pass the physical fitness test. However, many military members are exercising in excess of this minimum, with typical exposures between 900 and 2,400 MET-hours/year. Conclusions A therapeutic window of aerobic exercise may exist for ARVC gene-positive individuals which would allow continuation of military service while maintaining levels of exercise restriction associated with non-inferior clinical outcomes.
Characterization of Face Transplant Candidates Evaluated at Cleveland Clinic and Algorithm to Maximize Efficacy of Screening Process.

Introduction As a high-volume referral center for facial transplantation, we have learned significantly from the screening, evaluation, and enrollment process. This report analyzes our algorithm for the assessment of potential face transplant candidates referred to our institution. Methods After institutional review board approval in 2004, a prospectively maintained database was created for patients who were referred face transplant. Records were reviewed for the nature of tissue defect, functional deficit, surgical and medical history, and expert recommendations.Our algorithm begins with a review of a patient's file with a focus on institutional review board criteria. After screening, a phone interview is conducted, and transplantation is discussed. Patients are presented to the team to analyze the medical, psychiatric, and surgical history; support network; and geographic location. Eligible patients are invited for an in-person evaluation, and the case is reviewed again with the team. If approved, the patient can provide consent for transplantation. Results More than 200 patients were referred for transplant evaluation at the Cleveland Clinic from 2004 to 2016. Sixty were eligible for further evaluation for face transplantation based on preliminary screening. Thirteen (6.5% of original cohort) were invited for in-person evaluation and physical examination. Five (2.5% of original cohort, 38.4% invited cohort) of these 13 patients underwent face transplantation, of whom, 3 (1.5% of original cohort, 23.1% invited cohort) underwent face transplantation at our institution. All 3 patients who were ultimately transplanted were referred by a physician. Discussion As the availability of public information on face transplant increases, it is likely that an increase in self-referral for face transplantation will occur. Thus, it is critical that institutions adopt a systematic approach to triage in order to identify appropriate patients. Our algorithm allowed for a high enrollment and transplantation ratio to save patient and institution time and resources. This could be easily adopted by other institutions to save time, money, and resources.
Rejoinder to Ainslie, Bourke, Gjelsvik, and Moene

This Rejoinder to the comments in the Symposium on my Article focuses on the nature of emotion in general; on specific emotions, notably anger, enthusiasm, and love; and on the relation between emo...