cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age differences in attachment orientations among younger and older adults: Evidence from two self-report measures of attachment.

The attachment patterns of younger and older adults were studied using two-dimensional self-report measures of adult attachment. Community-dwelling younger (n = 144, M = 22.5 years, SD = 3.6) and older (n = 106, M = 68.6 years, SD = 8.3) adults completed the Measure of Attachment Qualities (MAQ; Carver, 1997) and the Relationship Style Questionnaire (RSQ; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994). Although the MAQ and RSQ are believed to be measuring similar constructs, they are derived from different theoretical perspectives. Correlations between the two measures were in the expected directions proving modest evidence for their convergent validity. Regarding cross-sectional results, as was expected, older adults scored lower than younger adults on the ambivalent-worry attachment scale of the MAQ and the preoccupied attachment scale of the RSQ. There were no age differences regarding secure, avoidant, and dismissing attachment. It appears that older adults experience anxious types of attachment less frequently than younger adults. Although these results primarily speak to age differences and possible cohort effects, they also provide some support for socioemotional selectivity theory and its hypothesized improved relationships in later life.
Dividing up Intelligence Education

At this year's annual conference of the International Association for Intelligence Education (IAFIE) in Monterey, CA, the keynote speaker posed the question, "How much do you need intelligence education outside the beltway?" Which led to a second question discussed during the conference: "What should such education look like?" In short, what should we be teaching in universities? What should we leave to the intelligence community as training? And what could be done in either or both settings? The first question of any educational effort is:What are we preparing students for? This article is available in Journal of Strategic Security: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol1/iss1/1 1 Dividing up Intelligence Education
Five runlength-limited codes for M-ary recording channels

This paper is concerned with M-ary runlength-limited (RLL) codes for nonbinary recording channels. The codes have fixed-rate finite state encoders, sliding block decoders, and large coding density. Five codes are given achieving coding densities of 24 bit/minimum-recorded-mark as compared with 1-1.5 for binary recording channels. The codes are 93-98.5% efficient and either achieve or come close to achieving the fewest number of encoder states possible. One of these codes has been implemented in a prototype system that supports M=6 discrete recording levels.
Multihierarchical representation of tetrahedral truss structures for assembly sequence planning

A hexagonal grid representation of tetrahedral truss structures that explicitly incorporates the geometry of the set of parts and simplifies the reasoning needed in planning assembly sequences is introduced. This representation captures the regularity of tetrahedral truss structures and their multiple hierarchies. The hexagonal grid maps into a rectangular grid and therefore into a 2D array. The adoption of this representation and its associated data structure makes it practicable to automate the assembly planning for large structures. >
Imaging of Ca2+ transients in endothelial cells of single perfused capillaries: correlation of peak [Ca2+]i with sites of macromolecule leakage.

Objective: To investigate the mechanisms responsible for variation in the macromolecular leakage (formation of localized leaky sites) in venular microvessels with increased permeability, we examined the hypothesis that cytoplasmic calcium concentration [Ca2+]i, does not increase uniformly within microvessel endothelial cells.Methods: We loaded the endothelial cells forming the walls of venular microvessels in frog mesentery with fura-2, and imaged [Ca2+]i using a cooled CCD camera.Results: Control [Ca2+]i was close to 60 nM in all regions. Control permeability was uniformly low in all microvessels. Exposure to ionomycin (5 mM) increased [Ca2+]i in a biphasic manner, but not uniformly. There was variation in both time to peak (bimodal distribution) and peak [Ca2+]i (274 ± 13 nM; mean variation above or below the peak value was 110 nM). Raising extracellular calcium from 1.1 to 5 mM increased the mean variation of [Ca2+]i about peak values. Extravascular leakage of fluorescently labeled albumin or low-densi...
Nicotine/mecamylamine combination treatment for smoking cessation

Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation that can be used in a minimal behavioral intervention setting are urgently needed. The studies described in this article show that the nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine is efficacious when administered in combination with nicotine replacement. Mecamylamine and nicotine have been shown to act in concert to attenuate the rewarding effects of cigarette smoking, reduce craving, and suppress ad lib smoking. Moreover, long-term abstinence rates following nicotine/mecamylamine treatment are roughly two to three times higher than with standard nicotine replacement therapy using nicotine skin patches. In one study, the initiation of mecamylamine treatment prior to the target quit-smoking date was shown to be critical in promoting subsequent continuous abstinence from smoking. The main interpretation of this finding is that smoking in the presence of blockade of reward promotes extinction of smoking behavior, raising the likelihood of successful smoking cessation. Directions for future research are also discussed, including mechanistic studies of nicotinic receptor subtypes affected by nicotine and mecamylamine, as well as assessment of the optimal timing, doses, and route of administration of the two drugs in smoking cessation treatment. Overall, the results show that two classic approaches to the treatment of drug dependence, substitution, and blockade, are not mutually exclusive and in fact can be combined fruitfully in the treatment of nicotine addiction.
Does restrictive right ventricular physiology in the early postoperative period predict subsequent right ventricular restriction after repair of tetralogy of Fallot

Objective To assess the relation between immediate postoperative right ventricular (RV) diastolic physiology and subsequent diastolic function in patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Design Serial prospective echocardiographic study early after surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot and at mid-term follow up. Setting Tertiary referral centre. Patients 34 patients who had repair of tetralogy of Fallot between 1992 and 1995 were studied. Main outcome measures Restrictive RV physiology defined as antegrade flow in the pulmonary artery in late diastole throughout the respiratory cycle. Results Sixteen of the 34 patients had early restrictive RV physiology. The need for transannular patch repair was an independent variable predictive of early restriction (odds ratio 4.3 (1.1–47), p Conclusions Early and mid-term restrictive RV physiology after repair of tetralogy of Fallot is related to the repair type. Although evidence for this physiology tends to resolve in the first few days after operation, it is highly predictive of subsequent abnormalities of RV diastolic function. Similarly, normal RV diastolic physiology without restriction in the immediate postoperative period persists in the mid-term and may be associated with the long term problems of progressive RV dilatation.
A Cost-Effective Pi Network Filter for Elimination of Stiff Transmission Crosstalk in Zero Sequence Propagated Distribution Power Line Carrier Signals

A cost effective method for elimination of intersubstation crosstalk problem in distribution power line carrier communications systems is presented. A shunt three-phase wye-configured capacitor bank is connected between a substation transformer and any source of zero-sequence power line carrier commu nication signals being transmitted on the substation distribution network to partially alleviate unbalance conditions in the communication signals. When balan ced, these signals are not passed by a three-phase delta-wye grounded substation transformer to the main transmission line. The signal is further attenuated by connecting the common wye-point of the capacitor bank through an inductance to neutral. This forms a shunt element of either an L or pi attentuation circuit with the series inductance of the substation transformer and the transmission line inductance. The transformer series inductance and the transmission line form the serial elements of the L or pi circuit. A further shunt element at another substation distribution network completes the attenuation circuit for the pi configuration. The method was verified in an actual field application. The cost of this method is shown to be only one-fifth that of the conventional approach.
Axial rotation, orbital revolution and solar spin–orbit coupling

The orbital motion of the Sun has been linked with solar variability, but the underlying physics remains unknown. A coupling of the solar axial rotation and the barycentric orbital revolution might account for the relationships found. Some recent published studies addressing the physics of this problem have made use of equations from rotational physics in order to model particle motions. However, our standard equations for rotational velocity do not accurately describe particle motions due to orbital revolution. The Sun’s orbital motion is a state of free fall; in consequence, aside from very small tidal motions, the associated particle velocities do not vary as a function of position on or within the body of the Sun. In this note, I describe and illustrate the fundamental difference between particle motions in rotation and revolution, in order to dispel some part of the confusion that has arisen in the past and that which may yet arise in the future. This discussion highlights the principal physical difficulty that must be addressed and overcome by future dynamical spin‐orbit coupling hypotheses.
Wellness and health omics linked to the environment: the WHOLE approach to personalized medicine.

The WHOLE approach to personalized medicine represents an effort to integrate clinical and genomic profiling jointly into preventative health care and the promotion of wellness. Our premise is that genotypes alone are insufficient to predict health outcomes, since they fail to account for individualized responses to the environment and life history. Instead, integrative genomic approaches incorporating whole genome sequences and transcriptome and epigenome profiles, all combined with extensive clinical data obtained at annual health evaluations, have the potential to provide more informative wellness classification. As with traditional medicine where the physician interprets subclinical signs in light of the person’s health history, truly personalized medicine will be founded on algorithms that extract relevant information from genomes but will also require interpretation in light of the triggers, behaviors, and environment that are unique to each person. This chapter discusses some of the major obstacles to implementation, from development of risk scores through integration of diverse omic data types to presentation of results in a format that fosters development of personal health action plans.
STDs among sexually active female college students: does sexual orientation make a difference?

CONTEXT: Research addressing sexual health or STD risk among lesbian and bisexual college women is scarce. METHODS: Data on 29,952 sexually active females aged 18–24 who completed the 2006 National College Health Assessment were examined to assess differences in sexual risk factors and recent STD incidence by sexual orientation. Comparisons were analyzed at the bivariate level and through multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Bisexual students were the most likely to have had an STD during the past year (9%); lesbians were the least likely (2%). However, lesbians were also the least likely to have had a routine gynecologic examination (46%, compared with 64–73% of others). Among students who had had multiple partners in the past year, those who had had partners of both sexes were more likely to have had an STD (16%) than were students who had had only male partners (9%) or only female partners (6%). Students who had binged on alcohol the last time they partied, had had multiple partners or had had a routine gynecologic examination in the past year, had been tested for HIV or had not used condoms at last vaginal intercourse were at increased odds of having had an STD (odds ratios, 1.3–4.0). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual health programs targeting female college students, regardless of sexual orientation, must focus on behavioral risks associated with STDs. In addition, the importance of regular gynecologic exams should be emphasized, especially among lesbians. Further research is needed on risk-taking among female college students who are sexually active with both sexes.
Fractal Graph Optimization Algorithms

We introduce methods of hierarchically decomposing three types of graph optimization problems: all-pairs shortest path, all-pairs maximum flow,and search. Each method uses a partition on the graph to create a high level problem and several lower level problems. The computations on each level are identical, so the low level problems can be further decomposed. In this way, the problems become fractal in nature. We use these decomposition methods to establish upper and lower bounds on the optimal criteria of each problem, which can be achieved with much less computation than what is required to solve the original problem. Also, for each problem, we find an optimal number of partitions that minimizes computation time. As the number of hierarchical levels increases, the computational complexity decreases at the expense of looser bounds.
Structure-activity relationships among some d-N-alkylated amphetamines

d-N-Alkylated amphetamines were synthesized in a series up to and including d-N-butylamphetamine and potencies of these compounds were compared in (1) rhesus monkeys allowed to respond for intravenous infusions of the drugs, (2) rats allowed to drink a milk solution for 15 minutes each day and (3) isolated, spontaneously beating guinea-pig atria. In the self-administration procedure, d-amphetamine (A), d-N-methylamphetamine (NMA), and d-N-ethylamphetamine (NEA) were self-administered above saline levels at two or more doses by all animals. For these three drugs, maximal response rates were found at similar doses in all animals. However, maximal rates were generally higher in animals maintained on pentobarbital than in animals maintained on cocaine under control conditions. d-N-propylamphetamine (NPA) was self-administered above saline levels by three of four animals at one or more doses. Maximal response rates for NPA were about 1/2 of that of A, NMA and NEA, and the dose-response curve was shifted to the right of these compounds by about 4 times. d-N-butylamphetamine (NBA) maintained responding above saline levels at two doses in only one of three animals. In rats, all of the compounds decreased milk intake in a dose-related manner. A, NMA and NEA were equipotent in disrupting intake, while NPA and NBA were, respectively, 1/4 and 1/6 as potent as the shorter-chain compounds. With the exception of NBA, all compounds increased the rate of beating of the guinea-pig atrium over the range of concentrations tested. In general, for substituents larger than ethyl, potency of d-N-alkylated amphetamines was inversely related to N-alkyl length.
The Relation Between Archivists and Record Managers

these times of cold and not-so-cold wars and guided missiles we hear much talk of coexistence. This morning I should like to explore the possibility of a closer relation between the archivist and the record manager coexistence, if you wish. When Mr. deValinger asked me to appear, he spoke of an uneasy alliance existing between archivists and record managers. I represent the point of view of the record manager. I venture to say that you expect my address to be in the nature of a castigation. I hope you won't be too disappointed when I tell you it will not be. No fur is going to fly. I cannot agree that there is any basic difference in purpose between record managers and archivists; at least I cannot agree that there should be. We all are or we should be trying to do our best job. Record managers are subject to somewhat different pressures than archivists, but I submit that the differences between us and Heaven knows there are some are almost all due to lack of communication between us.
Designer Human Embryos as a Challenge for Patent Law and Regulation

The rapid advance of biotechnology makes it possible that people may soon be able to select the traits for their offspring. The designer human embryos produced as a result of this selection would be man-made inventions. It is likely that there would be a market for such inventions and that inventors of designer human embryos would attempt to protect their inventions using the patent system. Under the United Sates Constitution and current patent law, it would be possible for those inventors to gain patent protection because designer embryos would be patentable subject matter. This article argues that designer human embryos should be allowed patent protection because patent law should not be used to regulate controversial technologies. Rather, Congress should exercise its regulatory power to control the development of this new technology.
Self-Incompatibility in the Brassicaceae

Flowering plants have evolved several mechanisms for controlling pollination. Genetic self-incompatibility is one of the most elaborate and “smart” systems known to date. In the Brassicaceae, recognition of “self” pollen in the self-incompatibility response is based on highly specific interactions between matched stigma surface receptors and pollen coat ligands encoded by haplotypes of the S locus, which triggers arrest of pollen tube development. This chapter presents a brief historical account of the analysis of SI in the Brassicaceae, an overview of our current understanding of the recognition and response phases of SI, and a summary of progress made in elucidating the genetic basis of loss of SI and switches to self-fertility in various lineages, with an emphasis on knowledge gained from analysis of a recently developed transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana self-incompatible model.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Medicolegal Sidebar: Informed Consent in the Information Age.

I t is true that most patients probably do not read the fine print and technical language of the informed consent forms. The surgeon also has the obligation to ensure that his or her patient has a full understanding of the operation, and of its alternatives and attendant risks. As my coauthor and I pointed out in our column, a component of the modern informed consent process involves an understanding of the preconceived notions that the patient may bring to the discussion, from a number of sources that may lack credibility. As such, the physician is faced not only with providing honest and complete information to the patient, but also managing expectations that are improperly fueled by multiple sources outside the doctor-patient relationship. From a legal standpoint, the authors of the letter to the editor are correct in that the consent process itself could be improved by technology, such as videotaping the patient interview, or insisting that the patient take the consent home, such that surgery is scheduled only when a signed copy is returned to the doctor’s office. These steps, and others like it, will add legal strength to the informed consent process by ensuring documentation of how the consent was obtained. In my view, the best use of the informed consent process is for the surgeon to establish communication and a therapeutic alliance with the patient. Information technology has not changed that basic premise. The consent process is ideally the starting point of a careful discussion with the patient, so that trust and confidence is built up, and information is shared openly. Surgeons should also encourage the patient to talk and articulate their understanding of the operation and the recovery process. The informed consent is an integral part of the art and science of a good surgical practice and I appreciate your input in this very important matter.
System analysis of sagittal plane human motion wearing an exoskeleton using marker technology

This paper discusses various methods of obtaining time functions for joint angle that describe a exoskeleton’s motion during sit-to-stand motion. This article demonstrates that functions obtained by solving the inverse kinematics problem can be effectively used as inputs to the control system of the robot. Comparison with experimentally data obtained using marker technology is done.
Some effects of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria.

The effects of methyl linoleate hydroperoxide (MLHP), a peroxidation product of methyl linoleate, on the denaturation of the lipoproteins (Nishida and Kummerow(9)) and on certain pathologic disorders in animals simulating vitamin E deficiency is well known. Both the denaturation phenomenon and the pathologic disorders are alleviated by αtocopherol supplementation (Nishida and Kummerow(10)).Evidence is reported here which indicates that MLHP has an inhibiting effect on the coupling of phosphorylation with oxidation in rat liver mitochondria.Materials and methods. Mitochondria were prepared from the livers of normal adult Sprague-Dawley male rats on a stock laboratory diet by the Hogeboom-method (Hoge-boom(4)), using 0.25 M sucrose.The conventional Warburg procedure was used to measure oxygen uptake over a 30-minute period at 30° following a 6-minute preincubation (see footnote to Table I for composition of media).Incubation time was terminated by addition of 5% trichloroacetic acid (TCA). The inorganic pho...
Personalized medicine for non-small-cell lung cancer.

It is estimated that more than 1.5 million individuals in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer this year. Of these, nearly 145,000 will be diagnosed with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Examining the Potential of Forest Residue-Based Amendments for Post-Wildfire Rehabilitation in Colorado, USA.

Wildfire is a natural disturbance, though elemental losses and changes that occur during combustion and post-fire erosion can have long-term impacts on soil properties, ecosystem productivity, and watershed condition. Here we evaluate the potential of forest residue-based materials to rehabilitate burned soils. We compare soil nutrient and water availability, and plant recovery after application of 37 t ha−1 of wood mulch, 20 t ha−1 of biochar, and the combination of the two amendments with untreated, burned soils. We also conducted a greenhouse trial to examine how biochar influenced soil nutrient and water content under two wetting regimes. The effects of wood mulch on plant-available soil N and water content were significant and seasonally consistent during the three-year field study. Biochar applied alone had few effects under field conditions, but significantly increased soil pH, Ca, P, and water in the greenhouse. The mulched biochar treatment had the greatest effects on soil N and water availability and increased cover of the most abundant native plant. We found that rehabilitation treatments consisting of forest residue-based products have potential to enhance soil N and water dynamics and plant recovery following severe wildfire and may be justified where erosion risk or water supply protection are crucial.
What is Single-Payer Health Care? A Review of Definitions and Proposals in the U.S.

Background Single-payer systems have been proposed as a health care reform alternative in the United States. However, there is no consensus on the definition of single-payer. Most definitions characterize single-payer as one entity that collects funds and pays for health care on behalf on an entire population. Increased flexibility for state health care reform may provide opportunities for state-based single-payer systems to be considered.
Approaching the Bench: Accessing Elites on the Judiciary for Qualitative Interviews.

Qualitative research with political elites provides unique opportunities to access intimate details regarding the perceptions and opinions of key decision-makers; yet limited scholarly attention ha...
Neurotransmitter Switching Regulated by miRNAs Controls Changes in Social Preference

Changes in social preference of amphibian larvae result from sustained exposure to kinship odorants. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this neuroplasticity, we investigated the effects of olfactory system activation on neurotransmitter (NT) expression in accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) interneurons during development. We show that protracted exposure to kin or non-kin odorants changes the number of dopamine (DA)- or gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-expressing neurons, with corresponding changes in attraction/aversion behavior. Changing the relative number of dopaminergic and GABAergic AOB interneurons or locally introducing DA or GABA receptor antagonists alters kinship preference. We then isolate AOB microRNAs (miRs) differentially regulated across these conditions. Inhibition of miR-375 and miR-200b reveals that they target Pax6 and Bcl11b to regulate the dopaminergic and GABAergic phenotypes. The results illuminate the role of NT switching governing experience-dependent social preference. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Sexually dimorphic venom proteins in long-jawed orb-weaving spiders (Tetragnatha) with potential roles in sexual interactions

Venom has been associated with the ecological success of many groups of organisms, most notably reptiles, gastropods, and arachnids. In some cases, diversification has been directly linked to tailoring of venoms for dietary specialization. Spiders in particular are known for their diverse venoms and wide range of predatory behaviors, although there is much to learn about scales of variation in venom composition and function. The current study focuses on venom characteristics in different sexes within a species of spider. We chose the genus Tetragnatha (Tetragnathidae) because of its unusual courtship behavior involving interlocking of the venom delivering chelicerae (i.e., the jaws), and several species in the genus are already known to have sexually dimorphic venoms. Here, we use transcriptome and proteome analyses to identify venom components that are dimorphic in Tetragnatha versicolor. We present cDNA sequences of unique high molecular weight proteins that are only present in males and that have remote, if any, detectable similarity to known venom components in spiders or other venomous lineages and several have no detectable homologs in existing databases. While the function of these proteins is not known, their presence in association with the cheliceral locking mechanism during mating together with the presence of prolonged male-male mating attempts in a related, cheliceral-locking species (Doryonychus raptor) lacking the dimorphism suggests potential for a role in sexual communication.
Local Immunotherapies of Cancer

The past decade has seen clinical cancer research turn away from refining cytotoxic therapies to identifying immunomodulatory therapies that can harness the immune system to do the work of fighting cancer for us. The first revolution in cancer therapy brought us potent but toxic chemotherapies that were often initially good at controlling tumors; however, in the metastatic setting, recurrence was typically inevitable and more difficult to control. Immunotherapy has now emerged as among the most promising class of therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. These therapies harness the potent tumoricidal potential of cytotoxic effector cells of the patient’s own immune system. Although checkpoint-blocking antibodies approved in the past decade offer great promise, they non-specifically release the brakes on immune cells, and the majority of cancer patients are, so far, non-responders, while some patients experience toxic autoimmune adverse effects. One approach to improve on these limitations is with localized, in situ therapies, inducing a vaccinal response within the tumor microenvironment. These approaches alter the tumor microenvironment by inducing local immunogenic cell death to release tumor antigen, recruiting inflammatory leukocytes, priming of the adaptive immune response, and inhibiting tolerogenic mechanisms through which tumors dampen the immune response. Through a combined approach using some or all of these features, we are working to develop an in situ vaccine strategy that will result in systemic elimination of tumor cells as well as long-term remissions.
Purification of thymidylate synthetase from L. casei by affinity chromatography

Abstract An affinity column has been constructed by coupling 2′-deoxyuridylic acid through the 5′-phosphate group to Sepharose via a 6- p -amino-benzamidohexyl chain. This material adsorbs thymidylate synthetase quantitatively from a crude extract of Lactobacillus casei , allowing purification to homogeneity in a single step.
Multidisciplinarity in Education for Digital Librarianship

As information resources of all types and disciplines are being stored and retrieved in digital form, libraries are responding to the demands for more effective retrieval of such documents and to provide even more digital access to scholarly and recreational library materials. This has led schools of library and information science to develop special programs, degrees, and certificates in digital librarianship. These programs vary from one school to another, but they all demonstrate the multidisciplinarity of education for librarians who will work specifically with digital librarianship. Library and Information Science education has always had a multidiscipline orientation, with traditional faculty consisting of those with degrees in the fields of sociology, communications, history, public administration, education, engineering, and computer science, as well as advanced degrees in library and information science. But with the advent of special programs in digital librarianship, the curriculum has begun to switch to a multidiscipline curriculum content which may be evolving into a sub-specialization in the field. These trends are examined in this paper and recommendations are made regarding future research needed to determine the advisability and sustainability of this trend.
Random Rates: General Theory

Demographic theory with random vital rates is built on powerful general properties of random matrix products. This chapter sets out the kinds of random models I want to analyze, and summarizes general random matrix properties. Later chapters consider applications and questions which require a more concrete study of particular models.
Strategies for managing IS personnel: IT skills staffing

In this chapter, we use the IT staffing cycle of forecasting, acquiring, training, and retaining to investigate how companies ensure that their IT staffs possess a skill base adequate to respond effectively to rapidly changing and uncertain technological environments. To better understand the strategies that companies use throughout the IT staffing cycle, we surveyed 30 senior-level managers (i.e., CIOs, IT planners, and Human Resources managers) from 15 companies representing a broad range of organizational environments across five different industries: energy, high-tech, financial, transportation, and distribution. Telephone interview questions were based on a framework that we developed to explain the relationship between IT and organizational planning in IT skills forecasting. The respondents' answers to these questions clearly demonstrate that the companies in our sample lack formal systems for linking business plans with IT plans for the purpose of forecasting IT skills. Further, our study findings clearly suggest that long-term skill needs are not managed, but are treated as a source of uncertainty. Within the skills acquisition process, strategies appear to be adopted with the intent of reducing uncertainty. In particular, companies often treat the IT group as a self-contained unit that operates separately from Human Resources when acquiring employees with needed IT skills from the external market. Staffing gaps are frequently filled by turning to the external market to find IT specialists with needed skills, or by turning to their internal market by training employees already on the payroll. We conclude with suggestions to fine-tune IT skills forecasting and planning.
Judicial Unanimity and Dissent in the News Media

To what extent does the level of division among judges affect coverage of court decisions? Many legal minds, including members of the Supreme Court, have postulated that divisiveness within a court may undercut the legitimacy of its decisions. Additionally, research utilizing experimental public opinion surveys have established the plausibility of this claim (Zink, Spriggs, and Scott 2009). However, the Court’s ability to manipulate public opinion is contingent upon the news coverage of its activity. Peripheral findings by Ho and Quinn (2008) and Epstein and Segal (2000) suggest there is a media bias toward coverage of more divided decisions, though a thorough examination of news reporting of unanimity and dissent is absent from the literature. As such, I analyze the quantity and favorability of media coverage of the Court while treating the level of division among the justices as an independent variable. I find that, even when controlling for a variety of potentially confounding variables, including several indicators of case salience, Court characteristics, and policy areas, opinions with more dissents are covered more often, and those with fewer are covered more favorably.
CRISPR-Cas9 generated Pompe knock-in murine model exhibits early-onset cardiac hypertrophy and motor impairment

The goal of this study is to generate and characterize a knock-in model of Pompe disease (PD) - a rare, progressive, fatal disorder primarily affecting the cardiac and musculoskeletal systems. While a murine model of PD exists, it bears a Cre/loxP induced exonic insertion of a neomycin cassette and does not completely recapitulate severe human PD - displaying nonfatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy only late in its natural history. We therefore designed a CRISPR-Cas9 knock-in system targeting the Gaa gene to introduce the known pathogenic CRIM negative Gaa mutation c.1826insA (p.Y609*). Following optimization of our knock-in strategy in cultured murine myoblasts, we successfully generated a Gaac1826insA mouse model using a dual sgRNA with ssODN donor template approach. Whole genome sequencing and analysis of the Gaac1826insA murine model establishes that our system is highly specific for the Gaac1826 target locus and does not induce any off-target mutations or genomic rearrangements. Next, we examined GAA mRNA transcript, protein expression and enzymatic activity levels in our PD knock-in mice. Gaac1826insA mice display significantly reduced levels of GAA expression and enzymatic activity relative to wild-type mice. We performed echocardiography on Gaac1826insA mice to assess cardiac structure and function. Gaac1826insA mice exhibit early-onset, progressive cardiac hypertrophy as measured by significant increases in left ventricular wall thickness and mass index by 3 months of age. We also conducted functional tests - grip strength, inverted screen, gait analysis - on Gaac1826insA mice every 3 months to assess overall motor performance. Gaac1826insA mice display impaired motor strength and coordination relative to wild-type mice. Altogether, our results demonstrate that the Gaac1826insA murine model recapitulates human infantile-onset Pompe disease and is better suited for evaluation of therapeutic strategies such as genome correction.
Transforming Earth Science Education Through Immersive Experiences: Delivering on a Long Held Promise:

The value of field trips is undisputed across disciplines. Field-site visits whether in social or physical sciences provide grounding for place- and discovery-based learning. Yet field trips have l...
3T MRI of the prostate correlation to 3D reconstruction of transperineal mapping biopsies.

e15176 Background: MRI is new tool in the diagnosis and surveillance of localized prostate cancer. Studies have examined the sensitivity and specificity of MRI for detecting and localizing prostate...
Prediction-Guided Design for Software Systems

While software system development is commonly conducted with explicit rules, machine learning (ML) has been driving a revolution in modern system design. In this paper, we introduce a new prediction-guided paradigm, which leverages ML techniques to support decision-makings for the system itself. In the proposed design, the system would be automatically driven by various type of data, e.g., system workloads, user behaviors, and platform operations, etc. More importantly, it brings a mindset of “proactive” to developers. Some significant issues can be thus eliminated before becoming catastrophe. In order to illustrate the benefits of the proposed paradigm, we present a project showcase, intelligent buffer management, which is used to achieve an optimal trade-off between having sufficiently large buffers to avoid failures and minimizing excess capacity in Microsoft Azure. It is designed in the prediction-guided paradigm to dynamically and proactively adjust the reserved buffer based on customer workload patterns and platform operations. The project not only significantly improves CFR (capacity fulfillment reliability) of tenant growth, but also reduces millions of dollars in COGS (cost of goods sold) for Microsoft.
Theoretical Treatment of the Coriolis Effect Using Hyperspherical Coordinates, with Application to the Ro-Vibrational Spectrum of Ozone.

Several alternative methods for the description of the interaction between rotation and vibration are compared and contrasted using hyperspherical coordinates for a triatomic molecule. These method...
Neural Control of Steering in Walking Drosophila

Abstract During navigation, the brain must continuously integrate external guidance cues with internal spatial maps to update steering commands. However, it has been difficult to link spatial maps with motor control. Here we identify descending “steering” neurons in the Drosophila brain that lie two synapses downstream from the brain’s heading direction map in the central complex. These steering neurons predict behavioral turns caused by microstimulation of the spatial map. Moreover, these neurons receive “direct” sensory input that bypasses the central complex, and they predict steering evoked by multimodal stimuli. Unilateral activation of these neurons can promote turning, while bilateral silencing interferes with body and leg movements. In short, these neurons combine internal maps with external cues to predict and influence steering. They represent a key link between cognitive maps, which use an abstract coordinate frame, and motor commands, which use a body-centric coordinate frame.
A Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation.

Xenograft models allow for an in vivo approach to monitor cellular functions within the context of a host microenvironment. Here we describe a protocol to generate a xenograft model of venous malformation (VM) based on the use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) expressing a constitutive active form of the endothelial tyrosine kinase receptor TEK (TIE2 p.L914F) or patient-derived EC containing TIE2 and/or PIK3CA gene mutations. Hyperactive somatic TIE2 and PIK3CA mutations are a common hallmark of VM in patient lesions. The EC are injected subcutaneously on the back of athymic nude mice to generate ectatic vascular channels and recapitulate histopathological features of VM patient tissue histology. Lesion plugs with TIE2/PIK3CA-mutant EC are visibly vascularized within 7-9 days of subcutaneous injection, making this a great tool to study venous malformation.
On $r$-to-$p$ norms of random matrices with nonnegative entries: Asymptotic normality and $\ell_\infty$-bounds for the maximizer

For an $n\times n$ matrix $A_n$, the $r\to p$ operator norm is defined as $$\|A_n\|_{r\to p}:= \sup_{\boldsymbol{x} \in \mathbb{R}^n:\|\boldsymbol{x}\|_r\leq 1 } \|A_n\boldsymbol{x}\|_p\quad\text{for}\quad r,p\geq 1.$$ For different choices of $r$ and $p$, this norm corresponds to key quantities that arise in diverse applications including matrix condition number estimation, clustering of data, and finding oblivious routing schemes in transportation networks. This article considers $r\to p$ norms of symmetric random matrices with nonnegative entries, including adjacency matrices of Erdős-Renyi random graphs, matrices with positive sub-Gaussian entries, and certain sparse matrices. For $1< p\leq r< \infty$, the asymptotic normality, as $n\to\infty$, of the appropriately centered and scaled norm $\|A_n\|_{r\to p}$ is established. When $p \geq 2$, this is shown to imply, as a corollary, asymptotic normality of the solution to the $\ell_p$ quadratic maximization problem, also known as the $\ell_p$ Grothendieck problem. Furthermore, a sharp $\ell_\infty$-approximation bound for the unique maximizing vector in the definition of $\|A_n\|_{r\to p}$ is obtained. This result, which may be of independent interest, is in fact shown to hold for a broad class of deterministic sequences of matrices having certain asymptotic expansion properties. The results obtained can be viewed as a generalization of the seminal results of Furedi and Komlos (1981) on asymptotic normality of the largest singular value of a class of symmetric random matrices, which corresponds to the special case $r=p=2$ considered here. In the general case with $1< p\leq r < \infty$, spectral methods are no longer applicable, and so a new approach is developed, which involves a refined convergence analysis of a nonlinear power method and a perturbation bound on the maximizing vector.
‘In Ireland the Subject of Physical Training Had Perhaps, Been Neglected’: Interwar Physical Culture in Schools

Moving into the interwar period, Chap. 7 discusses the impact of partition with regard to physical education in Irish schools. As has already been shown in Chap. 5 and Chap. 6 the partition of Ireland into an Irish Free State and Northern Ireland created two parallel systems of physical culture. Here physical education is studied with reference to fears concerning eugenics, physical degeneration, geopolitical strategy and, of course, education. This is done using education reports, political speeches, newspaper articles and student memoirs.
A Short Tutorial on The Weisfeiler-Lehman Test And Its Variants

Graph neural networks are designed to learn functions on graphs. Typically, the relevant target functions are invariant with respect to actions by permutations. Therefore the design of some graph neural network architectures has been inspired by graph-isomorphism algorithms.The classical Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm (WL)—a graph-isomorphism test based on color refinement—became relevant to the study of graph neural networks. The WL test can be generalized to a hierarchy of higher-order tests, known as k-WL. This hierarchy has been used to characterize the expressive power of graph neural networks, and to inspire the design of graph neural network architectures.A few variants of the WL hierarchy appear in the literature. The goal of this short note is pedagogical and practical: We explain the differences between the WL and folklore-WL formulations, with pointers to existing discussions in the literature. We illuminate the differences between the formulations by visualizing an example.
Adverse events reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System for tisagenlecleucel

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, tisagenlecleucel, in August 2017. We sought to describe adverse events (AEs) reported to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for tisagenlecleucel in the post-marketing period. We searched FAERS reports to identify U.S. patients treated with tisagenlecleucel between August 30, 2017-August 31, 2019. We reviewed individual reports, calculated AE frequencies and reporting rates (RRs), and used Empirical Bayesian Geometric Mean methods to identify disproportionate reporting. We identified 646 de-duplicated reports with a median age at AE of 18 (interquartile range: 11-56) years. The overall RR was 81.0%, and more than 95% of reports described a serious outcome. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was the most frequently reported AE (51.1%) with a RR of 41.4%; neurotoxicity was reported less frequently (21.2%), with a RR of 17.2%. Most disproportionately reported AEs were listed on the package insert or confounded by indication. We identified 13 subsequent neoplasms (SPN), the majority occurring within six months of tisagenlecleucel administration, and none reporting evidence of insertional mutagenesis. A total of 165 reports (26%) described a death outcome; most deaths occurred >30 days after treatment. The majority of deaths (64%) were due to progression of the underlying lymphoid neoplasm, and few (<5%) were attributed to CRS or neurotoxicity. We did not identify new safety concerns reported for tisagenlecleucel in the post-marketing period. Reporting rates for CRS and neurotoxicity were lower than identified in the prelicensure clinical trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Caregiver-reported characteristics of children diagnosed with pathogenic variants in KDM5C

Loss of function variants in the lysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C) gene account for approximately 0.7-2.8% of X-linked intellectual disability (ID) cases and pose significant burdens for patients and their caregivers. To date, 45 unique variants in KDM5C have been reported in individuals with ID. As a rare disorder, its etiology and natural history remain an area of active investigation, with treatment limited to symptom management. Previous studies have found that males present with moderate to severe ID with significant syndromic comorbidities such as epilepsy, short stature, and craniofacial abnormalities. Although not as well characterized, females have been reported to predominantly display mild to moderate ID with approximately half being asymptomatic. Here, we present caregiver-reported data for 37 unrelated individuals with pathogenic variants in KDM5C; the largest cohort reported to-date. We find that up to 70% of affected females were reported to display syndromic features including gastrointestinal dysfunction and hearing impairment. Additionally, more than half of individuals reported a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder or described features consistent with this spectrum. Our data thus provide further evidence of sexually dimorphic heterogeneity in disease presentation and suggest that pathogenic variants in KDM5C may be more common than previously assumed.
Infrared Laser-Induced Fluorescence with a Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator

A continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator was used to produce spectrally resolved, infrared laser-induced fluorescence (IR-LIF) signals of CO 2 in a heated jet. Spatially resolved temperature measurements were obtained by spectral fitting to the IR-LIF signals.