cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Complete Atrioventricular Canal Defect

Echocardiography has been successfully used in the diagnosis of various congenital cardiovascular anomalies. Recent reports have described the findings in complete atrio-ventricular canal defect.1, 2 Three major findings have been reported to be of diagnostic value in this condition. A single atrio-ventricular valve leaflet which is located in a posterior position in the left ventricle in systole moves into a markedly anterior position in the right ventricle with diastole. A double diastolic contour of the mitral valve as well as prolonged diastolic approximation of the anterior mitral leaflet to the inter-ventricular septum may be present. In this report our echocardiographic experience in the diagnosis of complete atrioventricular canal defect is described.
Tax Professionals Behaving Badly

In this article, the authors contemplate why tax professionals behave badly (that is, unethically), forming highly suspect corporate tax shelters that are void of any economic substance. The reason, they conclude, is simple: money and opportunity. When it comes to corporate tax shelters, there is plenty of both. Establishment of these shelters generates enormous fees, and the penalties and ethical oversight surrounding their formation are virtually nonexistent. Pending legislation, however, creates a glimmer of hope that tax professionals may have no choice but to cease their bad behavior - or face more serious consequences.
Specetral Bandwidth of Principal Modes in a Multimode Fiber

We study the bandwidths of principal modes in a multimode fiber in the presence of mode mixing and mode-dependent loss. Furthermore we introduce a procedure to generate Super PMs which feature an even broader bandwidth. Article not available.
Oxygen Sensitivity in the Crayfish Procambarus clarkii: Peripheral O 2 Receptors and Their Effect on Cardiorespiratory Functions

ABSTRACT The intent of this study was to determine the location and functional influence of the branchial O2-sensitive receptors of the crayfish on cardiac and respiratory parameters. Crayfish (46.6 ± 1.7 g [±SD]) were divided into 3 groups (A) control (gills intact), (B) posterior gills removed, and (C) anterior gills removed. Animals were exposed to hypoxic water (1 h; 15 mm Hg O2) followed by left branchial injection (10 ml over 10 min) of hyperoxic water (400 mm Hg O2). The time course to changes in cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, arterial flows, ventilation rate, and branchial pressure) were monitored. Intact animals showed a rapid cardiovascular response to injection of hyperoxic water (2.5 s) with group C animals showing a similar response time. Group B animals exhibited a significantly longer response time (13.0 s). Ventilatory response time was similar for all 3 groups (75 s), the duration of the ventilatory response was 51.0 s in control and group C animals. Animals lacking posterior gills showed a significantly shorter response time (42.0 s). Time-course evidence may indicate the existence of 2 populations of O2 receptors, one responsible for modulation of cardiovascular functions on the posterior gills or in their cardiobranchial veins, the other responsible for ventilatory modulation located more centrally.
Building Performance Measurement into Today's Testing and Evaluation (T&E)

Successful examples of building performance testing and evaluation (T&E) into a contemporary product/system development are presented. These examples serve in contrast with an increasing move toward exclusive use of subjective methods in technologically-driven human-factors/ergonomics (HF/E). This trend in “tech-driven” HF/E arguably parallels early-HF/E (<‘65) with a paucity of relevant literatures and guidance - but also suggests that performance considerations could be creatively incorporated into the development process as in earlier HF/E. Examples illustrate that (1) generally there is sufficient time to properly consider performance, and (2) proper performance consideration often requires relatively few resources, when practitioners make greater use of their imagination. Performance considerations and assessment can be creatively built into today's HF/E T&E.
Effects of Cyromazine on Larval Survival, Pupation, and Adult Emergence of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Results of laboratory and field experiments to test the effects of the insect growth regulator cyromazine on Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), are reported. We describe symptoms of cyromazine poisoning of larvae. When second instars were fed cyromazine-treated potato foliage in laboratory bioassays, all larvae died within 10 d. Second instars of the insecticide-resistant Long Island strain survived longer than those of the susceptible Vestaburg strain when fed a low concentration, but survival between strains fed at a higher concentration did not differ. Survival to pupation of fourth instars fed cyromazine-treated foliage was 12-16% lower than that of controls, but the differences were not significant. Treated larvae pupated later and were less likely to develop into adults than untreated larvae. In the field, cyromazine sprays reduced the number of first and second instars and affected third and fourth instars by inhibiting feeding and lowering rates of pupation. Cyromazine treatment reduced adult emergence 53-fold and increased yield of size-A potatoes 2- to 4.5-fold compared with results from untreated plots. The effectiveness of cyromazine at low rates and on all stages of insect development makes it a valuable addition to integrated pest management programs for Colorado potato beetle.
The invisible wound: moral injury and its impact on the health of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans

ABSTRACT Many veterans are now returning from Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) deployments with physical and mental health problems. However, there are few studies that examine the impact of moral injury on both physical and mental well-being. This study examines the impact of moral injury on self-reported general physical health, general mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and depression symptoms. Cross-sectional data were collected at as part of a pilot study at the New Jersey Veteran Affairs. 100 OEF/OIF veterans recruited at the New Jersey Veteran Affairs completed the paper questionnaire. We found that moral injury and combat experiences positively predicted post-traumatic stress disorder scores. Seeing the aftermath of battle and moral injury were negatively associated with mental well-being and positively associated with depression. Physical health status was negatively associated with depression. Spirituality and moral injury were negatively asso...
Educational Assessment of the Handicapped Child

An educational assessment focuses on those abilities which are necessary for a child’s cognitive and social growth. The general learning characteristics of the child must be assessed; the child’s specific strengths and weaknesses must be measured; and the conditions necessary for learning and rehabilitation must be determined. Such an assessment must take into account the expectations for adult functioning. Trainable, educable, cerebral palsied, and learning-disabled children are considered.
Colloquium 3 Why the Gods Love what is Holy: Euthyphro 10–11

In Plato’s Euthyphro, an early response to Socrates’ question, What is holiness? defines holiness as what is loved by all the gods. Socrates responds to this proposed definition with an argument that is often misunderstood. English translations, in particular, finding it difficult to represent the argument’s distinction between finite passive constructions—‘x is loved’—and passive participial constructions—‘x is beloved’—represent the argument instead as concerned with a distinction between active and passive constructions. In this essay, I give a correct analysis of the argument, using the relation of ‘x is employed’ and ‘x is an employee’ to illustrate the relation between finite passives and passive participles. Abrams is an employee because she’s employed; it’s not the case that she’s employed because she’s an employee. In the same way, someone is beloved because he’s loved; it’s not that he’s loved because he’s beloved. It’s easy then to see how Plato’s argument follows, and easy to see what Plato intends its limits to reveal.
A rose by any other name is a ... dandelion

1. Susan J. Leclair, PhD[⇑][1] 1. University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA 1. Address for Correspondence: Susan J Leclair, PhD, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth • 285 Old Westport Road • North Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, 508.999.8329, sleclair{at}umassd.edu What is more powerful than a name? It is an identification of self. Authors have used the giving of names as an important story telling device. In some mythologies, knowing a person's name gives power over that person. Throughout Tolkien's Lord of the Rings , names were given a special place, sometimes being used as talismans against evil and other times as call to arms. Characters are found guilty of acts and the first judgment is to call the person by a different name as part of the penalty. Indeed, during the Middle Ages, names were used to identify people by their skill – Cooper, Smith, Cook, Brewer, and the like. Even today, we speak about people who have difficulty when they retire, as their personal identity is lost to them. Revolutions have been won and lost by the choice of names. Patriots are seen as rebels (until they win). Names convey authority (Mr. President). They describe the major characteristics of a person (Attila was described as the “Scourge of God”). They delineate separateness as in “Doctor”, “Reverend”, or “Senator”. Throughout the latter half of the 20th century, people working in the clinical laboratory have clamored for a single organization, a single certification and a single name. After all, they say, “No one knows who we are”. And this is what makes the current situation so unusual. Two years ago, a single certification agency was created with a specified terminology for those credentialed by that group. Now, we would be one. [1]: #corresp-1
Backpropagation Neural Network to estimate pavement performance: dealing with measurement errors

The objective of this study is to apply the Backpropagation Neural (BPN) network with Generalised Delta Rule learning algorithm for reducing the measurement errors of pavement performance modelling. The Multi-Layer Perceptron network and sigmoid activation function are applied to build the BPN network of Pavement Condition Index (PCI). Collector and arterial roads of both flexible and rigid pavements in Montreal City are taken as a case study. The input variables of the PCI are Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT), Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs), Structural Number (SN), pavement age, slab thickness and difference in the PCI between the current and preceding year (ΔPCI). The BPN networks estimate that the PCI has inverse relationships with AADT, ESALs and pavement age. The PCI has positive relationships with these variables for roads that have recent treatment operations. The PCI has positive relationships with SN and slab thickness that imply the increase in pavement condition with increasing structu...
Enantiomerically divergent pathways in Tsuji-Trost reactions: exploiting the structural differences between β-acyloxy-o-(diphenylphosphino)benzamides and β-amido-o-(diphenylphosphino)benzoates

Abstract Using a single chiral scaffold, (1R,2S)-norephedrine, a series of monophosphine ligands have been prepared. The ligands prepared, β-acyloxy-(o-diphenylphosphino)amides and β-amido-(o-diphenylphosphino)esters, give rise to enantiomerically divergent products in the Tsuji-Trost asymmetric allylic reaction. The phosphinoamides afforded the best enantioselectivities and favored the (S)-enantiomer of the product. In contrast the phosphinoesters afforded lower enantioselectivities and favored the (R)-enantiomer. A mechanistic rationale for this observation is proposed.
Stability of optical trajectories in rotationally asymmetric multipass cells

We simulate the stability of optical trajectories in rotationally asymmetric cavities for use as multipass cells in absorption spectroscopy and demonstrate that these cells compare favorably to the current state-of-the-art multipass cells.
Local Atmospheric Response to an Open-Ocean Polynya in a High-Resolution Climate Model

AbstractIn this paper the atmospheric response to an open-ocean polynya in the Southern Ocean is studied by analyzing the results from an atmospheric and oceanic synoptic-scale resolving Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulation. While coarser-resolution versions of CESM generally do not produce open-ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean, they do emerge and disappear on interannual time scales in the synoptic-scale simulation. This provides an ideal opportunity to study the polynya’s impact on the overlying and surrounding atmosphere. This has been pursued here by investigating the seasonal cycle of differences of surface and air-column variables between polynya and nonpolynya years. The results indicate significant local impacts on turbulent heat fluxes, precipitation, cloud characteristics, and radiative fluxes. In particular, it is found that clouds over polynyas are optically thicker and higher than clouds over sea ice during nonpolynya years. Although the lower albedo of polynyas significantly in...
A Thermodynamic Model of Solar Thermal Energy Assisted Natural Gas Fired Combined Cycle (NGCC) Power Plant

Abstract A solar thermal energy assisted NGCC power plant was modeled to investigate the impact on plant efficiency, output and CO 2 emission with solar thermal energy addition. In this particular model, with 23.7 MW th solar thermal energy input to the HRSG, the duct firing could be shut off, 2337.5 kg/h natural gas would be saved, and 6.2 t/hr CO 2 emission would be eliminated. However, there would also be a 4.07 MW e loss in power from the combined cycle. Another solar input approach shows 14.35 MWe additional electricity would be generated with 35 MW th solar thermal energy addition. The thermodynamic analyses in this paper demonstrated the possibilities to utilize the solar thermal energy to reduce fuel consumption and CO 2 emission, or to increase the NGCC power plant efficiency and output, while taking advantage of the already existing power plant infrastructure.
Millimeter-wave (MMW) characterization of low-loss dielectric materials of unknown thickness from free-space measurements

In last several decades, the free-space measurement methods have been popularly employed to characterize dielectric materials at microwave frequencies. The conventional methods based on transmission and/or reflection scattering parameter measurements for test materials with vector network analyzers (VNAs) derive complex permittivity in broadband frequency ranges assuming that dimensions of samples are precisely known prior to measurements.
Reviews and Resources:The Amoeba in the Room (Lives of the Microbes): BOOKS

Although most introductory biology courses offered in high school or college contain at least one session that examines microscopic organisms, Nicholas Money feels that these small organisms deserve much more attention and research support. So he passionately and expertly goes on to demonstrate that there are all sorts of fascinating and weird microbes in the earth, in the water, in the air, and even in and on our bodies. They don't just exist but have essential roles interacting intimately with each other, their environment, and the larger hosts that they inhabit. Over time these small organisms have even begun to share some or all of their genetic information, sometimes integrating their genetic information into the DNA of the host or existing as organelles within the host cell.
Combinatorial Problems in Finite Abelian Groups

Publisher Summary This chapter presents combinatorial problems in finite Abelian groups. An Abelian group, also called a commutative group, is a group in which the result of applying the group operation to two group elements does not depend on their order. Abelian groups generalize the arithmetic of addition of integers. The concept of an Abelian group is one of the first concepts encountered in undergraduate abstract algebra, with many other basic objects, such as a module and a vector space, being its refinements. The theory of abelian groups is generally simpler than that of their non-Abelian counterparts, and finite Abelian groups are also well understood. Every finite abelian group G can be expressed as the direct sum of cyclic subgroups of prime-power order. This is a special case of the fundamental theorem of finitely generated Abelian groups when G has zero rank.
A comparison of Catechesis of the Good Shepherd and Godly Play

Catechesis of the Good Shepherd and Godly Play are the two best known variants of Montessori style Religious Education programmes. While they have much in common, there are also obvious differences...
Pardis Sabeti: Geneticist Tracking Ebola’s Travels and Changing Profile

Ebola’s Curse: 2013–2016 Outbreak in West Africa , a timely, needed and well-presented book by Michael Oldstone and Madeleine Rose Oldstone, unlocks the mysteries of the largest outbreak of one of the world’s most fearsome viruses. What is Ebola? Why did this happen? Here you will find the answers to these questions, while meeting fascinating people thrust into a situation as dramatic as any that could be imagined in a blockbuster novel or movie.
L2 teachers’ emotions: A sociopolitical and ideological perspective

Following the sociocultural turn (e.g., Zembylas in Teaching with emotion: a postmodern enactment. Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, CT, 2005a) in teacher emotion research, we explore second language (L2) teacher emotions from a critical perspective. Such a perspective extends Benesch’s (Considering emotions in critical English language teaching: theories and praxis. Routledge/Taylor & Francis, New York, 2012) examination of teacher emotions from a broad sociopolitical perspective and De Costa and Norton’s (Mod Lang J 101-S:3–14, 2017) recent call to investigate social issues that L2 teachers face in light of neoliberal impulses within education. We also argue that critically-inflected teacher emotion research needs to take into consideration the social ecologies in which teachers are embedded. As Khong and Saito (Educ Rev 66(2):210–225, 2014) rightly observe, teacher emotions are shaped by social, institutional, and personal forces, a point that is instantiated in Wolff and De Costa (Mod Lang J 101(S1):76–90, 2017), who illustrated how the emotions of their focal teacher were shaped by macro-level (e.g., language policy), meso-level (e.g., the school environment), and micro-level (e.g., teacher identity) forces. Building on these developments, we trace how two Mathematics teachers in English medium of instruction high schools in China and Nepal, respectively, managed their emotions as they used language and other affordances to accomplish their pedagogical goals and accommodate students’ diverse needs in these two distinct contexts.
Relation to Complex Dynamics

In this chapter we outline how rotation sets occur in the dynamical study of complex polynomial maps. Special attention is paid to the relation with the dynamics of complex quadratic and cubic polynomials. This link provides a geometric realization of rotation sets under m d , whose abstract theory was developed in the previous chapters.
Fast Multipole Method Using the Cauchy Integral Formula

The fast multipole method (FMM) is a technique allowing the fast calculation of long-range interactions between N points in O(N) or O(NlnN) steps with some prescribed error tolerance. The FMM has found many applications in the field of integral equations and boundary element methods, in particular by accelerating the solution of dense linear systems arising from such formulations. Standard FMMs are derived from analytic expansions of the kernel, for example using spherical harmonics or Taylor expansions. In recent years, the range of applicability and the ease of use of FMMs has been extended by the introduction of black box (Fong and Darve, Journal of Computational Physics 228:8712–8725, 2009) or kernel independent techniques (Ying, Biros and Zorin, Journal of Computational Physics 196:591–626, 2004). In these approaches, the user only provides a subroutine to numerically calculate the interaction kernel. This allows changing the definition of the kernel with minimal change to the computer program. This paper presents a novel kernel independent FMM, which leads to diagonal multipole-to-local operators. This results in a significant reduction in the computational cost (Fong and Darve, Journal of Computational Physics 228:8712–8725, 2009), in particular when high accuracy is needed. The approach is based on Cauchy’s integral formula and the Laplace transform. We will present a short numerical analysis of the convergence and some preliminary numerical results in the case of a single level one dimensional FMM.
Measuring Shape Commonality

The current market has become customer driven and heterogeneous, and these shifts in the market have caused companies the additional problem of providing greater variety with existing challenges of providing greater quality, competitive pricing, and greater speed to market. Many companies are moving towards a platform approach to address the challenges posed by the market, which requires aggregation of the existing varieties to design and develop common platforms. Product platform aggregation is a bottom-up approach that focuses on development of a common platform for an existing family (see Chapter 1). In a given product family, each product will have a basic/core function in combination with a unique set of functions to appeal to the targeted market segments (Kota, et al., 2000; Kota and Sethuraman, 1998). Consequently, one of the important questions that need to be addressed is “What is common among the different products of the family?” A key factor to answer this questionis measuring commonality of components across the product family to identify common components that have the potential to be included in the platform for the family.
Conclusions and Research Topics

This research is aimed at developing an effective approach for control of uncertain systems with uncertain actuator failures: adaptive actuator failure compensation. The technical goal is to achieve both closed-loop stabilization and asymptotic tracking in the presence of uncertain failures of redundant actuators, with unknown failure values, failure time instants, and failure patterns, in addition to system parameter uncertainties.
Europäischer Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionszertifikaten und seine Umsetzung in nationales Recht

Fur die Analyse der europaischen Klimapolitik mit handelbaren Emissionszertifikaten werden zunachst die einzelnen Elemente einer vorsorgenden Klimapolitik benannt (1.). Anschliesend stehen Ziele und Instrumente des Kyoto-Protokolls als der politischen Architektur des Klimaschutzes in Europa im Mittelpunkt (2.). Kapitel 3 behandelt die theoretischen Grundlagen des Zertifikatehandels. Anhand der Richtlinie 2003/87/EG uber ein System fur den Handel mit Treibhausgasemissionszertifikaten wird danach das sektorale System des Zertifikatehandels erlautert. Im Vordergrund stehen die Fragen nach dessen Vereinbarkeit mit dem geltenden Anlagengenehmigungsrecht und die Umsetzung in nationales Recht, daneben die Ausgestaltung der Erstzuteilung der Emissionszertifikate in den beiden Nationalen Allokationsplanen (4.). Den Abschluss bildet ein kurzer Ausblick auf die Zukunft der europaischen und globalen Klimaschutzpolitik im Anschluss an die erste Verpflichtungsperiode (5.).
Joanna C. Diman (1901–91):: A “Cantankerous” Landscape Architect at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Joanna C. Diman (1901–91): A “Cantankerous” Landscape Architect at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill presents a biographical overview of Diman9s career as a landscape architect. Using hitherto unpublished sources, Nicholas Adams traces Diman9s progress from her training at the Lowthorpe School of Landscape Architecture for Women (from which she graduated in 1923) through her early work for individual practitioners. For a decade beginning in 1934, she worked for the New York City Department of Parks. In 1944, she joined the New York office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, where she worked until her retirement in 1967. Archival sources at SOM reveal that she was involved to differing degrees in nearly all projects that passed through the firm9s New York office, from the relatively small garden at Lever House to the great works of “pastoral capitalism,” such as that at Connecticut General in Bloomfield, Connecticut (1957). Adams raises questions of stylistic individuality and places them alongside the larger issue of what influence an in-house landscape department had on design at SOM during these years.
Topological crackle of heavy-tailed moving average processes

Abstract The main focus of this paper is topological crackle, the layered structure of annuli formed by heavy-tailed random points in R d . In view of extreme value theory, we study the topological crackle generated by a heavy-tailed discrete-time moving average process. Because of the clustering effect of a moving average process, various topological cycles are produced consecutively in time in the layers of the crackle. We establish the limit theorems for the Betti numbers, a basic quantifier of topological cycles. The Betti number converges to the sum of stochastic integrals, some of which induce multiple cycles because of the clustering effect.
Instability and Turbulence in Shear Flows

Increasing attention is being paid to the large scale structure of turbulence and to the so-called “coherent” vortical structures which have been disclosed and studied for a number of turbulent shear flows in laboratory experiments and in numerical simulations. The coherent structures develop from the instability waves which create the flow; they portray the genesis of the turbulence in the primary instability of the global vorticity distribution. This is not in the sense of classical laminar instability, whichinitiates transition to turbulence, but as thedriving instability in the fully developed turbulence. That instability provides the link to the amplitude of the turbulent motion, which in classical turbulent modelling must be calibrated empirically as a fundamental step or steps in the closure of the Reynolds averaged equations of motion. It also rationalizes the dependence on various parameters, such as compressibility, clarifies response to external disturbances, and suggests the possibility of “turbulence control”. The global instability is being incorporated into new models of turbulent shear flow development and the coherent structures form the basis for new, Lagrangian models of chemical mixing and reaction in these flows.
Confusion, Chaos, and Bridging the Gap: A Prospective Study Gauging Disaster Triage Methodologies and Usage Across First Responder Professions

Introduction:Disasters are unique in that they impact all socioeconomic, class, and social divides. They are complex, hard to conceptualize and operationally define, and occur sporadically without warning. However, regardless of each disasters innate unpredictability, there is one common need that directly impacts patient morbidity and mortality: effective triage.Aim:Currently the United States has no uniform triage mandate. The purpose of this study is to gather descriptive data on the type of mass-casualty triage currently being utilized by first responders (Emergency Medical Services/Fire/Nurses) and improve our understanding regarding the prevalence of mass casualty triage.Methods:A descriptive mixed methods survey is being distributed to first responders/nurses in the Appalachian region. This survey collects respondents demographics, profession, and MCI triage data. Data will be analyzed and descriptive statistics will be generated. GIS will be utilized to graph findings and visualize local and national trends.Results:Results of this study are pending.Discussion:Organizations have addressed the need for a standard triage protocol, even going so far as to create uniform criteria which each triage system should meet. However, the literature does not describe how individual professions train their members in disaster triage, or what triage is currently being utilized in each profession. Nurses and first-responders serve as linchpins in many communities. They remain in a community, both before, during, and after a mass casualty event, but they do not perform in a vacuum. During an MCI (mass-casualty incident) their scope of practice may vary, but they have common foci: the affected community. A better understanding of the type of MCI triage that each profession is using is vital in understanding how triage is being applied, and vital in identifying gaps in application that may impact the effectiveness of field triage, and affect local and national policy, practice, and future research.
Meeting the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing Standards in a Large Metropolitan Children's Hospital: Barriers and Next Steps.

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine how a large metropolitan children's hospital's practices align with the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH) 1-3-6 guidelines (diagnose hearing lo...
Proposal for a feasible quantum-optical experiment to test the validity of the no-signaling theorem

Motivated by a proposal from [Phys. Scr.T76, 57 (1998)10.1238/Physica.Topical.076a00057PHSTBO0031-8949] for superluminal signaling and inspired by an experiment from [Phys. Rev. Lett.67, 318 (1991)10.1103/PhysRevLett.67.318PRLTAO0031-9007] showing interference effects within multiparticle entanglement without coincidence detection, we propose a feasible quantum-optical experiment that purports to manifest the capacity for superluminal transfer of information between distant parties.
Theoretischer Rahmen, Fragestellung und Methode

Die Analyse basiert auf der von Max Weber aufgeworfenen Trias von Institutionen, Interessen und Ideen, die er als wichtig ansah, um soziale Phanomene in der Welt begreiflich werden zu lassen. Keine dieser Kategorien ist jedoch fur sich selbst in der Lage, diese Leistung zu erbringen.
Analytic Thermal Model of an Optical Fiber Based Gamma Thermometer and its Application in a University Research Reactor

This paper describes and validates, by comparison with numerical modeling results, an analytical model of thermal transport in an optical fiber based gamma thermometer (OFBGT) that is appropriate for use in university research reactors. The maximum temperature difference between the thermal mass and the outer sheath ( $\Delta {T}$ ) for the OFBGT design that we have considered is approximately ${50}^{\circ }C$ , for the OFBGT in the Central Irradiation Facility of the Ohio State University Research Reactor (OSURR) with the reactor operating at full power (450 kW). The maximum value of $\Delta {T}$ that is predicted by the analytic model for the OFBGT design is smaller by approximately 1.1 °C than the value of $\Delta {T}$ which is predicted by the numerical model, for the same OFBGT design, but including all the details of the design. We have used the analytical model of thermal transport in an OFBGT to determine a normalized Modulation Transfer Function ( $MTF'(k))$ for the OFBGT. We conclude that $\textit {MTF}^{\prime }\left ({{k}_{\textit {OSU}} }\right)>{0.99}$ , where ${k}_{\textit {OSU}}$ is the spatial frequency for the axial dependence of the reactor power distribution in the OSURR.
Water within a permanently shadowed lunar crater: Further LCROSS modeling and analysis

Abstract The 2009 Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) impact mission detected water ice absorption using spectroscopic observations of the impact-generated debris plume taken by the Shepherding Spacecraft, confirming an existing hypothesis regarding the existence of water ice in permanently shadowed regions within Cabeus crater. Ground-based observations in support of the mission were able to further constrain the mass of the debris plume and the concentration of the water ice ejected during the impact. In this work, we explore additional constraints on the initial conditions of the pre-impact lunar sediment required in order to produce a plume model that is consistent with the ground-based observations. We match the observed debris plume lightcurve using a layer of dirty ice with an ice concentration that increases with depth, a layer of pure regolith, and a layer of material at about 6 m below the lunar surface that would otherwise have been visible in the plume but has a high enough tensile strength to resist excavation. Among a few possible materials, a mixture of regolith and ice with a sufficiently high ice concentration could plausibly produce such a behavior. The vertical albedo profiles used in the best fit model allows us to calculate a pre-impact mass of water ice within Cabeus crater of 5 ± 3 . 0 × 1 0 11 kg and a mass concentration of water in the lunar sediment of 8 . 2 ± 0 . 001 %wt, assuming a water ice albedo of 0.8 and a lunar regolith density of 1.5 g cm−3, or a mass concentration of water of 4 . 3 ± 0 . 01 %wt, assuming a lunar regolith density of 3.0. These models fit to ground-based observations result in derived masses of regolith and water ice within the debris plume that are consistent with in situ measurements, with a model debris plume ice mass of 108 kg.
Impact of behavioral and medication treatment for alcohol use disorder on changes in HIV-related outcomes among patients with HIV: A longitudinal analysis.

Abstract Background For people with HIV (PWH) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) who initiated behavioral treatment (BAUD) we: 1) describe BAUD intensity and medication (MAUD); and 2) examine whether BAUD and MAUD were associated with changes in HIV-related outcomes (CD4 cell count, HIV-1 viral load [VL], VACS Index score 2.0, and antiretroviral [ARV] adherence) from before to one year after treatment initiation. Methods We used Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) data to describe BAUD intensity and MAUD (acamprosate, disulfiram, and naltrexone, gabapentin or topiramate). Linear regression models estimated changes in outcomes and included BAUD, MAUD, age and race/ethnicity. Results We identified 7830 PWH who initiated BAUD from 01/2008−09/2017. Median age was 53, 60% were African-American and 28% white. BAUD intensity groups were: 1) Single Visit - 35%; 2) Minimal - 44% recieved ∼2 visits during first month; 3) Sustained Moderate - 17% recieved ∼8 visits/month initially; and 4) Intensive - 4% started out receiving ∼14−16 visits/month. Only 9% recieved MAUD, the majority of which was gabapentin. Among those with detectable VL: all HIV-related outcomes improved more among those with more intensive BAUD. Among those with undetectable VL: adherence improved more among those with greater BAUD intensity. MAUD was associated with increased CD4 among those with detectable VL and with improved adherence among both groups. Conclusion Of those with >1 BAUD visit, only 21% received at least moderate BAUD and 9% received at least 6 months of MAUD. Increasing AUD treatment intensity may improve HIV-related outcomes, especially among those with detectable VL.
Understanding Pattern Recognition Through Sound with Considerations for Developing Accessible Technologies

This work explores whether audio feedback style and user ability influences user techniques, performance, and preference in the interpretation of node graph data among sighted individuals and those who are blind or visually impaired. This study utilized a posttest-only basic randomized design comparing two treatments, in which participants listened to short audio clips describing a sequence of transitions occurring in a node graph. The results found that participants tend to use certain techniques and have corresponding preferences based on their ability. A correlation was also found between equivalently high feedback design performance and lack of overall feedback design preference. These results imply that universal technologies should consider avoiding utilizing design constraints that allow for only one optimal usage technique, especially if that technique is dependent on a user’s ability.
In NPH, setting valve opening pressure close to lumbar puncture opening pressure decreases overdrainage

Background. The management of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) can be difficult, partly because there are frequent treatment complications such as overdrainage which, when serious, may require surgical intervention. We previously reported a correlation between the difference of lumbar puncture opening pressure minus the valve opening pressure setting (LPOP–VOP) (which we refer to as the delta) and increased rates of overdrainage. This led to a modification in our practice, whereby we now set the VOP equal to, or close to, the LPOP, resulting in lower deltas. Objective. In this new study, our aim was to compare the rate of overdrainage in our patients with higher and lower deltas and assess the significance of setting the VOP equal, or close, to the patient’s LPOP. Methods. 1. We reproduced the association between delta and overdrainage. 2. We compared the incidence of overdrainage in those whose VOP was set close to LPOP (low delta) versus those with VOP setting distant from the LPOP (higher delta). 3. We compared symptom improvement in those with a low versus higher delta. Results. We confirmed the relation between high delta and an increased rate of overdrainage, lower rates of overdrainage in those whose VOP was set close to the LPOP (Delta Adjusted Practice), and better improvement of symptoms when the VOP was set closer to the LPOP. Conclusion. We propose that the initial VOP should be set as close as possible to the patient’s LPOP to decrease overdrainage without compromising symptom improvement.
Everolimus induced organizing pneumonia in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Abstract Organizing pneumonia is characterized by a distinct histologic pattern in the lung interstitium and presents clinically as hypoxemia, fever, cough, and dyspnea that is not attributable to concurrent infection. Typical etiologies of this condition include inflammatory disease, malignancy, toxic inhalation, and an array of medications including the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. In this report, we describe the case of a female with tuberous sclerosis complex on everolimus therapy for renal angiomyolipomas who presented to the hospital with persistent cough, dyspnea, and fevers and bilateral lower lobe opacities on chest X-ray despite multiple courses of antibiotic therapy. Bronchoscopy was performed with transbronchial biopsies, and results demonstrated a lymphocytic predominance and pathologic findings of intraluminal plugs composed of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts consistent with organizing pneumonia. Everolimus therapy was discontinued and patient completed a steroid course with resolution of symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first published case of organizing pneumonia secondary to everolimus in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex.
Mechanisms driving MJO teleconnection changes with warming inCMIP6

Abstract. Teleconnections from the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) are a key source of predictability of weather on the extended time scale of about 10–40 days. The MJO teleconnection is sensitive to a number of factors, including the mean state dry static stability, the mean flow, and the propagation and intensity characteristics of the MJO itself, which are traditionally difficult to separate across models. Each of these factors may evolve in response to increasing greenhouse gas emissions, which will impact MJO teleconnections and potentially impact potential predictability on extended time scales. Current state-of-the-art climate models do not agree on how MJO teleconnections will change in a future climate. Here, we use results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) historical and SSP585 experiments in concert with a linear baroclinic model to separate and investigate alternate mechanisms explaining why and how MJO teleconnections over the North Pacific and North America will change in a future climate, and to identify key sources of inter-model uncertainty. We find that decreases to the MJO teleconnection due to increases in tropical dry static stability alone are robust, and that uncertainty in mean state winds are a key driver of uncertainty in future MJO teleconnections. We find no systematic relationship between changes in Rossby wave excitation and the MJO teleconnection. However, we find that models that predict increases (decreases) in the stationary Rossby wave number over the gulf of Alaska also predict stronger (weaker) teleconnections over North America. Uncertainty in future changes to the MJO's intensity, eastward propagation speed, and eastward propagation extent are other important sources of uncertainty in future MJO teleconnections, although to a lesser degree than uncertainty in the mean state. The overall outlook is a reduction of the boreal winter MJO teleconnection across the vast majority of CMIP6 models, especially over the North Pacific, but with some nuance over North America due to larger sensitivity to expansion of the MJO's eastward extent.
A catchment water balance assessment of an abrupt shift in evapotranspiration at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA

Small catchments have served as sentinels of forest ecosystem responses to changes in air quality and climate. The Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire has been tracking catchment water budgets and their controls – meteorology and vegetation – since 1956. Water budgets in four reference catchments indicated an approximately 30% increase in the evapotranspiration (ET) as estimated by the difference between precipitation (P) and runoff (RO) starting in 2010 and continuing through 2019. We analyzed the annual water budgets, cumulative deviations of the daily P, RO and water budget residual (WBR = P – RO), potential ET (PET) and indicators of subsurface storage to gain greater insight into this shift in the water budgets. The PET and the subsurface storage indicators suggest that this change in WBR was primarily due to increasing ET. While multiple long-term hydrological and micrometeorological data sets were used to detect and investigate this change in ET, additional measurements of groundwater storage and soil moisture would enable better estimation of ET within the catchment water balance. Increasing the breadth of long-term measurements across small gauged catchments allows them to serve as more effective sentinels of substantial hydrologic changes like the ET increase that we observed.
Measuring All-Cause Mortality With the Census Numident File.

Objectives. To assess the quality of population-level US mortality data in the US Census Bureau Numerical Identification file (Numident) and describe the details of the mortality information as wel...
Review of Pythium Species Causing Damping-Off in Corn

Seedling blights and root rots caused by Pythium species account for almost US$25 million in annual losses to corn (Zea mays) production in the United States and Ontario. Variations in annual rainf...
Techno-economic-environmental impacts of industrial energy assessment: Sustainable industrial motor systems of small and medium-sized enterprises

Abstract Energy assessments can provide an effective way of identifying and implementing energy efficiency measures to save energy costs and avoid emissions throughout manufacturing facilities. Consequently, it generates significant economic and environmental benefits to localities, states, and the nation. Quantifying these benefits requires a systematic techno-economic-environmental framework for capturing the interactions. This article employs methodologies to improve the energy efficiency of small and medium-size industries through their sustainable industrial motor systems. Motor systems offer large opportunities to enhance energy efficiency through adopting advanced technologies and better-informed operations. Case studies presented illuminate the potential savings and impacts from implementing sustainable motor systems and the importance of energy assessments. The integrated macro-economic analysis quantifies the regional sustainability impacts of implementing the industrial energy efficiency offered by an energy auditing program in Ohio over a ten-year period. Results show that implementing all the center’s motor recommendations have directly saved $702 M in energy costs, avoided 2.7 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions, and created 3,445 jobs, resulting in a total annual economic impact of $788 M stemming from direct, indirect, and induced regional economic impacts. It provides policy implications for encouraging sustainable industrial motor systems.
The Summary Jury Trial and Other Methods of Alternative Dispute Resolution: Some Cautionary Observations

I have been asked to discuss alternatives to existing methods of judicial dispute resolution. The great interest in such alternatives reflects the widespread sense, which I share,1 that our courts are dangerously overloaded. I had originally planned to discuss a variety of alternatives, but as I explored the literature2 I became fascinated with the summary jury trial, and realized it was a subject worthy of an entire paper. But much of what I shall say about the summary jury trial applies to other alternatives as well, so that the paper is not quite so narrow as it may seem; and Part III discusses two of those alternatives.
Investigations Ino Oneota Ridged Field Agriculture On the Northern Margin of the Prairie Peninsula

Oneota ridged field agricultural patterns in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin are reviewed in light of data provided by archaeological and geomorphological investigations at the Sand La...
Carcinoma of the endometrium: Radiation followed immediately by operation

Abstract A prospective study was established in August 1967, to treat all adenocarcinomas of the endometrium by protocols of preoperative radiation followed immediately by operation. Two hundred and ninety-five women have been treated, 220 of whom had Stage I disease. In these cases, factors known to be associated with survival were studied, and their influence upon survival was noted. Preoperative radium followed immediately by operation was the primary method of therapy. Life tables demonstrated a five-year survival rate of 91 per cent with a low complication rate in patients with Stage I disease. Cell type, degree of differentiation, and depth of myometrial invasion were the primary factors influencing survival.
Real Time Simulation of Virtual Pedestrians for Development of Pedestrian Detection Systems

This paper is from the SAE World Congress & Exhibition, held in April 2007 in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Part of the Pedestrian Safety session, this paper describes the optical-based sensor systems that are underdevelopment for vehicle based detection and warning systems. These sensor systems are part of technological improvements developed to reduce accidents and limit injuries caused by accidents. The authors note that most sensor systems must go through a series of real world tests, a problematic issue in the case of pedestrian detection systems because of safety reasons. Therefore, simulated tests must be used. The authors describe their work, undertaken to understand the effectiveness of using virtual pedestrians as surrogates for real world pedestrian detection.
The induction of hapten-specific T cell tolerance by using hapten-modified lymphoid cells. I. Characteristics of tolerance induction.

These experiments support the hypothesis that in hapten-specific T cell sensitivity, as exemplified by contact sensitivity to DNFB, specific T cell tolerance in actively induced by hapten on self-membrane. In other hapten-specific antibody-forming systems, tolerance appears to be most readily induced by hapten on soluble self protein or on a nonimmunogenic carrier.