cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in hypernasal speech detection using the nonlinear Teager energy operator

Speakers with a defective velopharyngeal mechanism produce speech with inappropriate nasal resonance. It is of clinical interest to detect hypernasality as it is indicative of an anatomical, neurological or peripheral nervous system problem. While clinical techniques exist for detecting hypernasality, a preferred approach would be noninvasive in order to maximize patient comfort and naturalness of speaking. In this study, a noninvasive technique based on the Teager energy operator is proposed. Employing a proposed model for normal and nasalized speech, a significant difference between the Teager energy profile for low-pass and band-pass filtered nasalized speech is shown, which is nonexistent for normal speech. An optimum classification algorithm is formulated that detects the presence of hypernasality using a measure of the difference in the Teager energy profiles. The classification algorithm was evaluated using native English speakers producing front and mid-vowels. The results show that the presence of hypernasality in speech can be reliably detected (94.7%) using the proposed classification algorithm.
A well-posed combined field integral equation for scattering from perfect electrically conducting objects

This work presents a novel regularization of the combined field integral equations (CFIE) which is immune from ill- conditioning due to dense spatial discretizations and free from internal resonances. Unlike previous approaches for preconditioning the CFIE, here regularization is achieved via analytical inversion of the hypersingular part of the CFIE followed by a summation over the Helmholtz components, this without negative repercussions on computational complexity or need for further localizations. Numerical results are presented that show the effectiveness of the proposed formulation. This paper presents the proposed regularizer in 2D because this permits a natural/intuitive and simple presentation of the underlying ideas, but the proposed preconditioner allows for a direct extension to 3D, however.
Comparing the effects of two correction procedures on human acquisition of sequential behavior patterns.

Thirty-one college undergraduates learned to touch abstract stimuli on a computer screen in arbitrarily designated “correct” sequential orders. Four sets of seven stimuli were used; the stimuli were arrayed horizontally on the screen in random sequences. A correct response (i.e., touching first the stimulus designated as first) resulted in that stimulus appearing near the top of the screen in its correct sequential position (left to right), and remaining there until the end of the trial. Incorrect responses (i.e., touching a stimulus out of sequence) terminated the trial. New trials displayed either the same sequence as the one on which an error had occurred (same-order correction procedure), or a new random sequence (new-order correction procedure). Whenever all responses occurred in the correct sequence, the next trial displayed a new random sequence. Each phase ended when five consecutive correct response sequences occurred. Initially, the same-order correction procedure increased control by the position as well as by the shape of the stimuli; also, it produced more errors, more total trials, more trials to mastery, and more individual patterns of reacquisition than were produced by the new-order procedure.
Vitamin D Status and 5-Year Changes in Periodontal Disease Measures Among Postmenopausal Women: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study

Background: Vitamin D is hypothesized to prevent periodontal disease progression through its immune-modulating properties and its role in maintaining systemic calcium concentrations. The authors investigated associations between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (collected 1997 to 2000) and the 5-year change in periodontal disease measures from baseline (1997 to 2000) to follow-up (2002 to 2005) among 655 postmenopausal women in a Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study ancillary study. Exploratory analyses were conducted in 628 women who also had 25(OH)D measures at follow-up.Methods: Four continuous measures of the 5-year change in periodontal disease were assessed using alveolar crest height (ACH), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and percentage of gingival sites that bled on assessment. Linear regression was used to estimate β-coefficients, standard errors, and P values corresponding to change in periodontal disease (a 1-mm change in ACH, CAL, or PD or a 1-unit change in t...
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking as Predictors of Personal and Public Achievement: A Fifty-Year Follow-Up

This article presents the results of the 50-year follow-up of the longitudinal study E. Paul Torrance initiated 5 decades ago. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) was administered in the late 1950s and personal and public achievement data were obtained 50 years later and used as criteria in analyses reported here. These showed that TTCT scores were moderately correlated with personal, but not with public, achievement. However, an interaction of intelligence and creativity was significantly related to public achievement but not to personal achievement. When a composite was formed from the 4 TTCT indexes (fluency, originality, flexibility, and elaboration), a significant quadratic trend was found with the personal achievement criterion. Three of the indicators (“Love of work,” Tolerance of mistakes, and Minority of one) from the Beyonder instrument developed by Torrance (2003) were related to public achievement. Only one other indicator from the Beyonder measure (“Well-roundedness”) was associated...
AutoScan: an automated workstation for rapid determination of mass and tandem mass spectrometry conditions for quantitative bioanalytical mass spectrometry.

An automated flow injection analysis (FIA) mass spectrometry system (AutoScan) was developed to allow rapid unattended determination of optimal conditions during mass (ms) and tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) on new chemical entities (NCEs) arranged in 96-well plates. The 96-well plate is placed on the deck of a modified Gilson Multiprobe autosampler for injection into a PE Sciex API 2000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. A customized software interface is used to create the necessary scan experiments by associating each 96-well plate of NCEs to be scanned with an index file containing data on the identity of each analyte and its expected molecular weight. Analytes are injected four at a time into a custom injection manifold and conventional mass spectra are acquired in both polarities (+/−) using an alternating positive/negative Q1 scan function. The software determines the optimal polarity and definitive precursor ion for all analytes and uses the results to build the injection sequence for product ion scanning. The samples are automatically re-injected under MS/MS conditions, and product ion scans that loop among different collision energies are collected for each analyte. The resulting data are processed automatically and the optimal MS/MS transitions for each analyte are selected. A color-coded graphical interface facilitates data review. Any unusual ion transitions or transposition errors made during plate preparation are noted and corrected. Complete MS and MS/MS conditions are obtained for 96 compounds in about one hour and the resulting data are available for download as sample control injection sequence files. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intimate Partner Violence Incidence and Continuation in a Primary Care Screening Program

There are few longitudinal estimates of intimate partner violence (IPV) incidence and continuation. This report provides estimates of IPV incidence and continuation in women receiving health care in clinics participating in an IPV assessment and services intervention study. The Women's Experience with Battering Scale was used in combination with questions addressing physical and sexual assault to annually screen women for IPV. Between April 2002 and August 2005, 657 women in rural South Carolina consented and were screened at least twice. Among those with a current partner (n = 530), the majority (86.2%) had never experienced IPV. Among prevalent victims, IPV continued over time for 37%. IPV continuation rates were higher among older women and those who considered abuse as a problem in their relationship. Of those women who were IPV negative at time 1, IPV incidence at time 2 was 4.2%. A higher score on the Women's Experience with Battering Scale at time 1, a marker of psychological abuse, was a strong predictor of physical IPV incidence (p(trend) = 0.0001). These data suggest that the incidence of IPV over a short follow-up period is relatively low and that the majority of IPV desists over this short follow-up period.
Choosing a Place to Begin

In viruses, bacteria, and yeasts, the process of making new DNA to donate to daughter cells begins at specific nucleotide sequences called replicators located within "replication origins." In his Perspective, Huberman describes how after many years of effort this mechanism has finally been extended to animal cells, as reported in a report by [ Aladjem et al. ][1] in this issue. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/281/5379/1005
Islam, Jihadism, and Depoliticization in France and Germany

Pressures from within (Islam) and without (globalization and European integration) have made Germans and the French feel ap- prehensive about their national identity and culture. Both countries are visibly struggling to defuse the potentially explosive mix of nationalism and fear of the Muslim "stranger," while defi ning citizenship for their marginalized and disenfranchised immigrants. The issue is no longer the building of "defensive citadels" of "Frenchness" or "Germanness," par- ticularly since Germany has fi nally come to grips with the reality that the Gastarbeiter (guest workers) are there to stay. The challenge for Germany and France today is to defi ne what kinds of values are essential for their countries' secular model of society and what kinds are negotiable.
Integrated Targeting, Near Real-Time Scheduling, and Dispatching with Automated Execution in Semiconductor Manufacturing

To help address the need for manufacturing cycle time reduction, Intel has adopted an integrated approach that consists of three key components - targeting, near real-time scheduling, and dispatching - that work in conjunction to maximize fab efficiency. Combined with fully automated execution, this approach allows Intel to execute to a coordinated operational management philosophy at its fabrication facilities. OPSched was developed at Intel to fulfill the requirements of the integrated approach. We look at an implementation of the OPSched system at one of Intel's high volume manufacturing facilities and the results achieved.
The Impact of Seeding Method on Diversity and Plant Distribution in Two Restored Grasslands

Previous studies have compared grassland restoration techniques based on resulting species richness and composition. However, none have determined if different techniques generate different plant distributions in space, which may further impact restoration success. This study tests if there are quadrat-scale (1 m 2 ) differences between paired drilled and broadcast plantings in diversity, composition, and plant distributions. Higher competition intensity in and more contiguous spaces between rows in drill-seeded restorations were hypothesized to result in larger patches of native grasses and exotic species. Two paired drill- and broadcast-seeded plantings were sampled in June 2007 in Iowa, U.S.A. Within 10 quadrats in each planting, we measured species abundance with point intercept sampling and plant distributions by dividing the quadrat into 64 cells and recording the most abundant species in each cell. Drilled and broadcast plantings at both sites had similar Simpson’s diversity and evenness. However, the effect of planting type on species richness, composition, and plant distribution was site dependent. Native warm-season grasses in one site, and exotic species in the second, occupied more space and were distributed in larger patches in drilled plantings. Furthermore, drilled canopies consistently captured more light than broadcast canopies. This suggests that initial differences in seed placement can affect resulting plant distributions, resource use, and potentially long-term species turnover. Mechanisms structuring vegetation in these communities need to be further investigated to determine if this approach can provide more information on long-term diversity maintenance in restorations than traditional measures.
Electric quadrupole transition probability in sodium and potassium sequences

Abstract Electric quadrupole transition probabilities for 3 2 D -3 2 S and 4 2 D -4 2 S transitions in sodium and potassium sequences have been calculated within the frozen-core, Hartree-Fock approximation using experimental transition energies and assuming the L-S coupling scheme. Comparison is made with the experimental result for the sodium transition, and agreement is satisfactory. Results are tabulated for several members of both sequences.
Mezlocillin pharmacokinetics in renal impairment.

Mezlocillin kinetics was examined in 28 adult subjects with varying renal function. Mezlocillin, 3 gm, was infused over 30 min. Mean peak plasma concentrations ranged from 204 to 253 mg/l. When the area under the curve (AUC) was plotted against creatinine clearance (CCr), the relationship found was expressed by the equation . From this relationship a dosage nomogram was derived describing a power function with the following equation: Dose fraction . Therapeutic guidelines are suggested. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980) 28, 523–528; doi:10.1038/clpt.1980.197
Two classes of proteins and mRNAs in Lilium longiflorum L. identified by human vitronectin probes

Vitronectin (VN) is a substrate adhesion molecule, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that facilitates cell adhesion and cell movement in animals. We have reported the cross-reactivity of a 55-kD protein in plants with rabbit anti-human VN antibodies and the presence of VN-like sequences in plant genomes using a human VN cDNA probe. We have extended these studies by using human VN riboprobes to detect VN-like mRNAs in lily (Lilium longiflorum L.) and soybean. In both species, two mRNAs were detected. We have also identified a new cross-reactive protein (41 kD) using a different preparation of human VN antiserum. In lily roots five 41-kD isoforms were observed, whereas only three of these isoforms accumulated in leaves. Monospecific antibodies prepared against the plant proteins cross-reacted with the human VN protein and vice versa. We have purified the 41-kD protein using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and amino acid composition analysis indicates that it is similar in composition to human VN.
A PROOF OF THE HORTON LAW OF STREAM NUMBERS FOR THE TOKUNAGA MODEL OF RIVER NETWORKS

The Horton laws of stream numbers and magnitudes are proved in the limit of large network order for the broad class of Tokunaga model of river networks. Tokunaga model is built on the assumption of mean self-similarity in the side tributary structure, and an additional assumption of Tokunaga self-similarity, which is supported by data from real networks. Tokunaga model is gaining increasing recognition in the recent literature, because data supports several predictions of the model.
The effects of the epstein-barr virus latent membrane protein 2A on B cell function

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infects B-lymphocytes circulating through the oral epithelium and establishes a lifelong latent infection in a subset of mature-memory B cells. In these latently infected B cells, EBV exhibits limited gene expression with the latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) being the most consistently detected transcript. This persistent expression, coupled with many studies ofthe function of LMP2A in vitro and invivo, indicates that LMP2A is functioning to control some aspect of viral latency. Establishment and maintenance of viral latency requires exquisite manipulation of normal B cell signaling and function. LMP2A is capable of blocking normal B cell signal transduction in vitro, suggesting that LMP2A may act to regulate lytic activation from latency in vivo. Furthermore, LMP2A is capable of providing B cells with survival signals in the absence of normal BCR signaling. These data show that LMP2A may help EBV-infected cells to persist in vivo. This review discusses the advances that have been made in our understanding of LMP2A and the effects it has on B cell development, activation, and viral latency.
The Efficacy of Hypnotics

Although there is no shortage of papers on the efficacy of hypnotics, the clinical usefulness of even the most commonly prescribed agents remains unclear. The dilemma is that hypnotics are requested by a vast number of patients, prescribed by many physicians, tested in many laboratories— and yet we have very imperfect understanding of insomnia, which they are supposed to treat. Let us, then, examine some issues in testing hypnotics which result from the elusive nature of the disorder.
Yield of Circular Weld Joining Elastic Plates

The connection considered is created by a thin layer of adhesive distributed over a circular region. The connection joins two plates of elastic-perfectly plastic material that are subjected to gradually increasing shear. Using an idealized model of the connection, a method is developed to estimate the extent of the yield zone that arises, starting at the perimeter of the circular adhesive connection. The method, based on continuum mechanics, also permits an estimate of the plastic stretch that develops in the yielded zone and of the critical stresses in the interior of the connection. Formulas are given for the limiting cases of a very thick plate and a thin plate at a load near that which would produce failure. Numerical results are presented for other geometries and loads.
Kashmir - A Way Forward: Issues and Precedents

The proposal calls on all concerned parties to recognize the need to compromise. It eschews a communal approach. It recommends instead a formula that offers the people of the various components of the former princely state the right to govern themselves while also maintaining their association with India and Pakistan.
A Practical Guide: Role of the Independent Living Donor Advocate: Protect or Advocate or Is it Both?

What does it mean to be an advocate for a potential living donor or to protect a donor’s “best interest?” When might the imperative to protect a potential donor from harm morph into paternalism? How might the independent living donor advocate (ILDA)’s perceived advocacy for a potential donor be in direct conflict with respect for the individual’s autonomous decision making? How might the values of an ILDA affect whether or not a potential donor is ruled out? Using case-based examples, this chapter explores key ethical underpinnings that inform and assist an ILDA to traverse the complexities and pitfalls of challenging cases.
Calorimetric Assessment of Fe2+ Binding to α-Ketoglutarate/Taurine Dioxygenase: Ironing Out the Energetics of Metal Coordination by the 2-His-1-Carboxylate Facial Triad

The thermodynamic properties of Fe(2+) binding to the 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad in α-ketoglutarate/taurine dioxygenase (TauD) were explored using isothermal titration calorimetry. Direct titrations of Fe(2+) into TauD and chelation experiments involving the titration of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid into Fe(2+)-TauD were performed under an anaerobic environment to yield a binding equilibrium of 2.4 (±0.1) × 10(7) (Kd = 43 nM) and a ΔG° value of -10.1 (±0.03) kcal/mol. Further analysis of the enthalpy/entropy contributions indicates a highly enthalpic binding event, where ΔH = -11.6 (±0.3) kcal/mol. Investigations into the unfavorable entropy term led to the observation of water molecules becoming organized within the Fe(2+)-TauD structure.
Zectran and Naled Affect Incidence of Parasitism of the Budworm Choristoneura occidentalis in Montana

Zectran® (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate) and naled were sprayed on populations of a budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, in a field test on the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana, in July 1965. Their immediate effects on the incidence of parasitism by several internal parasites of this insect were studied. Glypta was the most numerous parasite in C. occidentalis larvae, with Apanteles , tachinids, and Phaeogenes next most numerous. Other species were found in small numbers, and they were generally not affected. Incidence of parasitism by Apanteles and Phaeogenes greatly increased, and that by Glypta and tachinids declined after being sprayed with Zectran. Incidence of parasitism declined slightly in the drainage sprayed with naled; that by Apanteles declined more than that by Glypta , and that by tachinids remained unchanged. Between pre- and post-spray sampling periods, incidence of parasitism increased slightly in 1 check area and decreased slightly in another.
Branching out from the bisabolyl cation. Unifying mechanistic pathways to barbatene, bazzanene, chamigrene, chamipinene, cumacrene, cuprenene, dunniene, isobazzanene, iso-γ-bisabolene, isochamigrene, laurene, microbiotene, sesquithujene, sesquisabinene, thujopsene, trichodiene, and widdradiene sesquiterpenes.

Quantum chemical calculations on the transformation of the bisabolyl cation into an array of sesquiterpenes (iso-γ-bisabolene, trichodiene, cuprenene, laurene, isochamigrene, chamigrene, chamipinene, sesquithujene, sesquisabinene, microbiotene, dunniene, cumacrene, isobazzanene, bazzanene, barbatene, widdradiene, and thujopsene) are described. The bisabolyl cation is the hub of a complicated web of carbocations involved in the construction of diverse and complex molecular architectures present in a large number of Nature’s sesquiterpenoids. The results of quantum chemical calculations on the multitude of rearrangements described herein provide reasonable answers to several persistent mechanistic questions in the world of terpene biosynthesis and also provide examples of general reactivity principles for terpene-forming (and other) carbocation rearrangements.
Characterization of Monomeric MnII/III/IV–Hydroxo Complexes from X- and Q-Band Dual Mode Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

Manganese–hydroxo species have been implicated in C–H bond activation performed by metalloenzymes, but the electronic properties of many of these intermediates are not well characterized. The present work presents a detailed characterization of three Mnn–OH complexes (where n = II, III, and IV) of the tris[(N′-tert-butylureaylato)-N-ethylene]aminato ([H3buea]3–) ligand using X- and Q-band dual mode electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Quantitative simulations for the [MnIIH3buea(OH)]2– complex demonstrated the ability to characterize similar MnII species commonly present in the resting states of manganese-containing enzymes. The spin states of the MnIII and MnIV complexes determined from EPR spectroscopy are S = 2 and 3/2, respectively, as expected for the C3 symmetry imposed by the [H3buea]3– ligand. Simulations of the spectra indicated the constant presence of two MnIV species in solutions of [MnIVH3buea(OH)] complex. The simulations of perpendicular- and parallel-mode EPR spectra allow determination ...
Fate of the ulnar nerve after operative fixation of distal humerus fractures.

Objectives:It is well recognized that operative treatment of a fracture of the distal humerus requires handling of the ulnar nerve, which can cause nerve dysfunction; however, the incidence of postoperative ulnar nerve dysfunction is not well studied. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of ul
Single-particle imaging reveals intraflagellar transport–independent transport and accumulation of EB1 in Chlamydomonas flagella

The microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking protein EB1 is present at the tips of cilia and flagella; end-binding protein 1 (EB1) remains at the tip during flagellar shortening and in the absence of intraflagellar transport (IFT), the predominant protein transport system in flagella. To investigate how EB1 accumulates at the flagellar tip, we used in vivo imaging of fluorescent protein-tagged EB1 (EB1-FP) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. After photobleaching, the EB1 signal at the flagellar tip recovered within minutes, indicating an exchange with unbleached EB1 entering the flagella from the cell body. EB1 moved independent of IFT trains, and EB1-FP recovery did not require the IFT pathway. Single-particle imaging showed that EB1-FP is highly mobile along the flagellar shaft and displays a markedly reduced mobility near the flagellar tip. Individual EB1-FP particles dwelled for several seconds near the flagellar tip, suggesting the presence of stable EB1 binding sites. In simulations, the two distinct phases of EB1 mobility are sufficient to explain its accumulation at the tip. We propose that proteins uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm like EB1 accumulate locally by diffusion and capture; IFT, in contrast, might be required to transport proteins against cellular concentration gradients into or out of cilia.
“Faith, Here’s an Equivocator”: Language, Resistance, and the Limits of Authority in Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Tom Stoppard’s Cahoots Macbeth

At the beginning of Act 2, scene 3 of Macbeth the drunken Porter comes on stage after a loud knocking at the gate of Macbeth’s castle. Macduff and Lennox have just arrived to awaken King Duncan, who—they will soon discover—has been treacherously murdered in his bed. Coming before this gruesome discovery the Porter’s speech provides brief comic relief from the unbearable tension of the preceding scene. But there is also a dark side to this speech: the Porter imagines himself as “the porter of hell gate” from the medieval mystery play The Harrowing of Hell: PORTER: Here’s a knocking indeed! If a man were a porter of Hell Gate, he should have old turning the key. (Knock.) Knock, knock, knock! Who’s there, I’ th’ name of Belzebub? Here’s a farmer, that hang’d himself on th’ expectation of plenty. Come in time! Have napkins enow about you, here you’ll sweat for’t. (Knock.) Knock, knock! Who’s there in th’ other devil’s name? Faith, here’s an equivocator that could swear in both the scales against either scale, who committed treason enough for God’s sake, yet could not equivocate to heaven. Oh, come in, equivocator. (3.2.1–11)
Design of a small molecule against an oncogenic noncoding RNA

The design of precision, preclinical therapeutics from sequence is difficult, but advances in this area, particularly those focused on rational design, could quickly transform the sequence of disease-causing gene products into lead modalities. Herein, we describe the use of Inforna, a computational approach that enables the rational design of small molecules targeting RNA to quickly provide a potent modulator of oncogenic microRNA-96 (miR-96). We mined the secondary structure of primary microRNA-96 (pri-miR-96) hairpin precursor against a database of RNA motif–small molecule interactions, which identified modules that bound RNA motifs nearby and in the Drosha processing site. Precise linking of these modules together provided Targaprimir-96 (3), which selectively modulates miR-96 production in cancer cells and triggers apoptosis. Importantly, the compound is ineffective on healthy breast cells, and exogenous overexpression of pri-miR-96 reduced compound potency in breast cancer cells. Chemical Cross-Linking and Isolation by Pull-Down (Chem-CLIP), a small-molecule RNA target validation approach, shows that 3 directly engages pri-miR-96 in breast cancer cells. In vivo, 3 has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and decreases tumor burden in a mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Thus, rational design can quickly produce precision, in vivo bioactive lead small molecules against hard-to-treat cancers by targeting oncogenic noncoding RNAs, advancing a disease-to-gene-to-drug paradigm.
Action of the brain stem saccade generator during horizontal gaze shifts. I. Discharge patterns of omnidirectional pause neurons.

Action of the brain stem saccade generator during horizontal gaze shifts. I. Discharge patterns of omnidirectional pause neurons. Omnidirectional pause neurons (OPNs) pause for the duration of a sa...
Intracranial pressure monitoring and assessing intracranial compliance in brain injury.

The goal of care following a brain injury is to prevent secondary injury. Monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) gives the practitioner information on the status of intracranial dynamics (e.g., cerebral perfusion, compliance, elastance, and volume-pressure relationships). Understanding how to interpret both the ICP pulse wave and the significance of the pressure trends allows the practitioner to intervene earlier and potentially improve outcome.
Investigations of near miss incidents – new facility construction and commissioning activities

Multiple electrical incidents occurred during construction and commissioning activities at a new production facility. This paper describes the investigations and findings while highlighting similarities between the incidents, designing for safety, and management of electrical safety during the transfer of construction to commissioning activities.
Alcohol and Opioid Use Disorder in Older Adults: Neglected and Treatable Illnesses

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and opioid use disorder (OUD) in older adults for general psychiatrists. The rapid growth of the geriatric population in the USA has wide-ranging implications as the baby boomer generation ages. Various types of substance use disorders (SUDs) are common in older adults, and they often take a greater toll on affected older adults than on younger adults. Due to multiple reasons, SUDs in older adults are often under-reported, under-detected, and under-treated. Older adults often use substances, which leads to various clinical problems. Space limitations prevents a comprehensive review; therefore, we primarily focus on alcohol use disorder and the problem of opioid use disorder, with more emphasis given to the latter, because the opioid use epidemic in the USA has gained much attention. We reviewed the literature on the topics, integrated across geriatric psychiatry, addiction psychiatry, research, and national trends. We discuss unique vulnerabilities of older adults to SUDs with regard to management of SUDs in older adults, medication-assisted treatment (MAT), and psychosocial treatments. We encourage general psychiatrists to raise their awareness of SUDs in older adults and to provide brief intervention or referral for further assessment.
CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERIC CONVECTION IN AN ENGINEERED STRUCTURE

The momentum theorem of classical hydrodynamics is applied to a scheme for controlled atmospheric convention within a vertical tube of large height and diameter, open at both ends, for which the name aerological accelerator was previously suggested by the writers. The interior thermodynamic process is conceived as being moist adiabatic, although departures from this ideal case must be considered. The condensation and consequent latent heat release renders unnecessary any external drive, save for a proper supply of moist air. As discussed previously by the writers, the most important practical application of the device is the production of fresh water for ordinary uses from atmospheric water vapor. A year of daily soundings from the aerological station at Brownsville, Texas, is analyzed to examine the probable success of the procedure. The theoretical results are encouraging, but a host of questions and problems remain. Various of these are commented upon, and suggestions are made for further investigation of them.
Textbox: FDA Approval of GE Salmon

On November 19, 2015, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its long-awaited decision regarding AquaAdvantage Salmon, the first genetically engineered (GE) animal intended for food. The FDA has approved AquaBounty Technologies’ new animal drug application (NADA) for the Salmon, finding that it meets the statutory requirements under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA). In particular, the FDA determined that the Salmon’s rDNA construct is safe for the fish itself, the fish reaches market size more quickly than non-GE farm-raised Atlantic salmon (as AquaBounty claimed), and food from the fish is safe to eat and as nutritious as food from non-GE salmon.
Nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis complicating diabetes mellitus.

Numerous attempts have been made to elucidate the interesting and often serious problem of nodular nonsuppurative subcutaneous necrosis. In those cases where individual lesions follow local physical and chemical injury to the fat tissue the etiology is fairly clear. Where there is a wide spread often recurrent dissemination of pannicular lesions both the etiology and the relationship to general metabolic disturbance is obscure. Baily (I) has suggested that "relapsing febrile nodular non-suppurative panniculitis represents a special reticulo-endothelial response in which drugs particularly iodine may be a precipitating factor" and that the affection is a syndrome. As the knowledge that generalized nodular panniculitis has been found to complicate diabetes mellitus may be of help in resolving the problem of the pathogenesis of inflammatory lipoidosis, the reports of four such cases are submitted for publication.
Electrical measurement of the linewidth of a quantum well bound state

Abstract We investigate electron tunneling spectroscopy in the presence of a bound state within a double quantum barrier, single quantum well structure. We demonstrate a new technique to directly measure the intrinsic linewidth of the bound state within the quantum well from the current-voltage signature of the resonant tunneling phenomena and contrast our results with the standing approach in the literature. We then examine the signal behavior for the influence of device temperature and find support for electron-electron interactions within the well. The measured intrinsic bound-state width, Γ E , in the negative differential conductance regime is 1.11 ± 0.01 meV.
Unraveling the Role of Curriculum in Teacher Decision Making

Teachers make numerous decisions each day, yet processes undergirding these decisions are elusive and have not been the subject of many in-depth investigations within special education. The purpose of this qualitative investigation, therefore, was to complete a micro-level analysis of the influence of curriculum on 11 middle school teachers’ decisions regarding reading instruction for middle school age struggling readers. Using the theoretical framework of teachers’ literacy-related decision making proposed by Ruppar, Gaffney, and Dymond, the authors conducted interviews and observations during one school year to examine how teachers make curricular decisions based on their access to a prescribed, research-based reading intervention curriculum. Findings indicate the availability of such a curriculum facilitated teachers’ decision making around individualizing instruction and increased their self-efficacy, leading to the conclusion that a bidirectional relationship exists between curriculum and (a) beliefs...
Democracy and Government: A Critical Edition of Jeannette Rankin’s 1917 Address at Carnegie Hall

AbstractIn 1917, Jeannette Rankin became the United States’ first female member of Congress. This is a critical edition of the speech Rankin gave before 3,000 people in New York City on her way to be sworn in to office. Her speech promoted her home state of Montana, woman suffrage, and direct democracy.
Comment on “Monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready”

Monkey vocal tracts are capable of producing monkey speech, not the full range of articulate human speech. The evolution of human speech entailed both anatomy and brains. Fitch, de Boer, Mathur, and Ghazanfar in Science Advances claim that "monkey vocal tracts are speech-ready," and conclude that "…the evolution of human speech capabilities required neural change rather than modifications of vocal anatomy." Neither premise is consistent either with the data presented and the conclusions reached by de Boer and Fitch themselves in their own published papers on the role of anatomy in the evolution of human speech or with the body of independent studies published since the 1950s.
Impact of aggressive drive cycles on motor vehicle exhaust PM emissions

Abstract Aggressive drive cycles can cause substantial discrepancies between particulate matter (PM) measurement methods and increased emissions variability. Previous work demonstrated good agreement, within ~10%, between aerosol instruments and gravimetric determinations of PM mass emissions from gasoline direct injection engine (GDI) vehicles run over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP). In contrast, the present study reveals discrepancies of a factor of three or more for these vehicles run over the US06 portion of the supplemental FTP test. Two aspects of this are examined: 1) Changes in particle composition and morphology and 2) variability associated with vehicle history and test preparation. PM emissions during the US06 cycle are often accompanied by a strong nucleation mode. The organic to elemental carbon ratio increases relative to the FTP cycle. Also, the black carbon to elemental carbon ratio decreases, suggesting the formation of brown soot. The origins of these changes are not entirely clear, but are likely associated with the high engine exhaust temperatures during the US06 cycle. This also contributes to the higher test to test variability observed for the US06 versus FTP cycle. High temperatures can thermally desorb and pyrolyze various materials, including heavy hydrocarbons, ash, and inorganic salts deposited in the exhaust pipe, catalytic converter, and muffler that provide an additional PM source not present during FTP driving. The first day’s PM mass emissions are often substantially higher than on following days for the US06 cycle, but not the FTP. There is also a distinct drop in PM emissions between first and subsequent US06 cycles run in series.
Airway Epithelial IL-33 Secretion and Feedback Signaling is Associated with Redox Activation of Src Kinase

The airway epithelium forms the primary defense against inhaled allergens and environmental insults to the respiratory system. Aside from acting as a physical barrier, the epithelium also signals for reparative and inflammatory responses by generating various epithelial-derived cytokines and mediators. Chief among these is the epithelial secretion of the alarmin cytokine IL-33, which in turn induces type 2 immune responses. Although these processes serve a protective mechanism by promoting epithelial regenerative pathways, chronic activation of such type 2 responses contribute to chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and COPD. We recently demonstrated that epithelial IL-33 secretion in response to various injurious triggers is dependent on H2O2 production by the NADPH oxidase dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1), and that this was associated with activation and oxidation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src. However, the precise role of Src in these responses is still unclear, and we hypothesized that redox-dependent activation of Src is critical for increased IL-33 secretion and downstream type 2 responses to allergens. Pretreatment of mice with the Src family kinase inhibitor AZD0530 was found to significantly attenuate epithelial Src activation, as well as expression and secretion of IL-33 and the downstream type 2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13, in response to acute challenge with house dust mite (HDM). Similar findings were obtained using isolated mouse tracheal epithelial cells (MTEC), in which siRNA-dependent silencing of Src resulted in diminished HDM-induced production of IL-33, as well as IL-5 and IL-13. Interestingly, we noted that HDM-induced IL-33 secretion is diminished upon blockade of the IL-33 receptor ST2, suggesting that IL-33 regulates its own secretion through a positive feedback mechanism. Indeed, induction of type 2 cytokine secretion (IL-13) in airway epithelial cells by direct stimulation with IL-33 was found to be DUOX1-dependent, and associated with increased H2O2 production and activation/oxidation of Src. Building on our recent findings that DUOX1-dependent activation of Src involves oxidation of its C185 and C277 residues, preliminary studies using H292 lung epithelial cells transfected with C185A or C277A Src variants indicate that expression of these variants leads to suppressed HDM-induced IL-33 secretion. Overall, our studies identify Src as a critical mediator of allergen-induced IL-33 secretion and innate type 2 immune responses, and highlight the importance of various redox-sensitive Cys residues in these responses.
Evaluation of Planetary Boundary Layer Simulation in GFDL Atmospheric General Circulation Models

AbstractThis study describes the performance of two Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) in simulating the climatologies of planetary boundary...
Multimodal Conduct in the Law : Language, Gesture and Materiality in Legal Interaction

The study of language and law has seen explosive growth in the past twenty-five years. Research on police interrogations, trial examination, jury deliberation, plea bargains, same sex marriage, to name a few, has shown the central role of written and oral forms of language in the construction of legal meaning. However, there is another side of language that has rarely been analyzed in legal settings: the role of gesture and how it integrates with language in the law. This is the first book-length investigation of language and multimodal conduct in the law. Using audio-video tapes from a famous rape trial, Matoesian and Gilbert examine legal identity and impression management in the sociocultural performance of precedent, expert testimony, closing argument, exhibits, reported speech and trial examination. Drawing on insights from Jakobson and Silverstein, the authors show how the poetic function inheres not only in language but multimodal conduct generally. Their analysis opens up new empirical territory for both forensic linguistics and gesture studies.
Probing Catalytic Function through Amino-Acid Substitutions in Azotobacter Vinelandii Molybdenum-Dependent Nitrogenase

As part of our studies to elucidate the functions of both types of prosthetic group in the MoFe protein of molybdenum-dependent nitrogenase (Mo-nitrogenase), we are attempting to map the catalytic surface of both the FeMo-cofactor (FeMoco) and the P-cluster pair by individually substituting amino-acid residues within their polypeptide environments and analyzing the catalytic, redox and spectroscopic consequences for the resulting altered MoFe proteins (Newton, Dean, 1993). There is substantial evidence that implicates FeMoco as the site of substrate reduction (Shah, Brill, 1977; Hawkes et al., 1984; Scott et al., 1990, Kim et al., 1995), which occurs through a series of events that starts with the sequential association and dissociation of the two nitrogenase component proteins (Hageman, Burris, 1978; Lowe, Thorneley, 1984). During this first stage, two molecules of MgATP are hydrolyzed and a single electron is transferred from the Fe-protein component (a homodimer of ca. 63kDa, encoded by nifH) to the MoFe-protein component (an a2s2 tetramer of ca. 230kDa, encoded by nifDK). The transferred electron is generally believed to be accepted by the P-cluster pair before intramolecular transfer to first FeMoco and then bound substrate (for a review, see Newton, 1993). The native MoFe protein exhibits a S=3/2 electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal that is unique among metallobiomolecules. This EPR signal arises in FeMoco.
Exploring multiple operating scenarios to identify low-cost, high nitrate removal strategies for electrically-stimulated woodchip bioreactors

Abstract Woodchip bioreactors are recognized as an effective best management practice in the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy. This edge-of-field practice intercepts and removes NO3-N, thereby reducing the NO3-N concentration in tile drainage before being discharged into surface water. Actual NO3-N load reductions realized by woodchip bioreactors are impacted by bioreactor size, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and denitrification efficiency. A typical woodchip bioreactor in Iowa may have 0.07% bioreactor area with respect to treatment area, 4–8 h HRT, and 43% mean denitrification efficiency. Here, we explored the potential of using electrically stimulated woodchip bioreactors to achieve greater NO3-N removal, and estimated the costs of this approach. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the denitrification efficiency of electrically stimulated and traditional woodchip bioreactors at different HRTs and current densities. The resulting data was used to model costs and denitrification efficiency in 75 scenarios, covering a range of bioreactor volumes, HRTs, current densities, and annual durations of electrical stimulation periods. For each scenario, we reported the estimated annual NO3-N load reduction and NO3-N removal cost. We found that electrically stimulated woodchip bioreactors may remove an additional 37–72% annual NO3-N load than a traditional woodchip bioreactor, but at the expense of higher NO3-N removal costs, which were increased by 138–194%.
Begging for Parental Care from Another Species: Specialization and Generalization in Brood-Parasitic Finches

African indigobirds (Vidua species) are species-specific brood parasites of estrildid finches. Although the mouth patterns of nestlings mimic their host nestlings, the begging calls of young indigobirds are not host-specific, and in only some species do they resemble begging calls of the host. Adult male indigobirds mimic calls and songs of their host species. Their song incorporates two kinds of begging call, an innate call like that used by nestling indigobirds, and a second learned one when males imprint and then mimic the foster species’ begging calls in male song. We recorded young and adult indigobirds in the field, and the begging calls of young and adult song mimics reared under alternative foster species. The innate begging calls in all indigobird species matched the begging calls of only certain firefinch(Lagonosticta) host species, even in indigobirds that normally parasitized other hosts. This innate call is used by nestlings to gain parental care. Both kinds of begging calls are used by adults in mate choice. Host-specific begging call in mimicry songs of adult male indigobirds would allow females to assess whether males were reared by their own foster species.