cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Elusive Experience of Agency

I here present some doubts about whether Mandik's (2010) proposed intermediacy and recurrence constraints are necessary and sufficient for agentive experience. I also argue that in order to vindicate the conclusion that agentive experience is an exclusively perceptual phenomenon (Prinz, 2007), it is not enough to show that the predictions produced by forward models of planned motor actions are conveyed by mock sensory signals. Rather, it must also be shown that the outputs of "comparator" mechanisms that compare these predictions against actual sensory feedback are also coded in a perceptual representational format.
Comparative immunohistochemistry of the cerebral ganglion in Gastrotricha: an analysis of FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity in Neodasys cirritus (Chaetonotida), Xenodasys riedli and Turbanella cf. hyalina (Macrodasyida)

The neuropeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg- Phe-NH2) is part of a large and diverse family of peptider- gic neurotransmitters present throughout the animal kingdom. To date, no such neuropeptides have been dem- onstrated in gastrotrichs despite their presence in closely related invertebrates such as nematodes. Here, the FMR- Famidergic nervous system of three marine gastrotrichs is investigated with immunoXuorescence, CLSM, and 3D computer imaging to gain insight into structure of the cere- bral ganglion and test various phylogenetic hypotheses on its organization. Results reveal that FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity (IR) is present throughout the nervous systems of three species: Neodasys cirritus (Chaetonotida), Xenodasys riedli and Turbanella cf. hyalina (Macrodasy- ida). Both macrodasyidans possess FMRFamide-like IR in the central, peripheral- and stomatogastric-nervous sys- tems, while FMRFamide-like IR is restricted to the CNS in N. cirritus. In all three species, the cerebral ganglion is dumbbell-shaped and bordered bilaterally by cerebral perikarya: numerous perikarya are present in X. riedli and N. cirritus, while few perikarya are present in T. cf. hya- lina. Cerebral perikarya Xank the nerve ring neuropil, which contains IR Wbers in the supra- and subpharyngeal commissures of both macrodasyidans, but in N. cirritus, only contains IR Wbers in the suprapharyngeal commissure. Together, these results conWrm the peripharyngeal nature of the gastrotrich cerebral ganglion, but are equivocal on hypotheses of its tripartite structure. Still, the neural organi- zation of gastrotrichs, in particular, the architecture of the cerebral ganglion, is expected to hold valuable information for future assessments of gastrotrich phylogeny, and may yet provide key insights into the evolution of this enigmatic taxon.
The effect of geographic access on severe health outcomes for pediatric asthma

Background Access to medical care and severe pediatric asthma outcomes vary with geography, but the relationship between them has not been studied. Objective We sought to evaluate the relationship between geographic access and health outcomes for pediatric asthma. Methods The severe outcome measures include emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations for children with an asthma diagnosis in Georgia and North Carolina. We quantify asthma prevalence, outcome measures, and factors included in the statistical model using multiple data sources. We calculate geographic access to primary and asthma specialist care using optimization models. We estimate the association between outcomes and geographic access in the presence of other factors using logistic regression. The model is used to project the reduction in severe outcomes with improvement in access. Results The association between access and outcomes for pediatric asthma depends on the type of outcome measure, type of care, and variations in other factors. The expression of this association is also different for the 2 states. Access to primary care plays a larger role than access to specialist care in explaining Georgia ED visits, whereas the reverse applies for hospitalizations. In North Carolina access to both primary and specialist care are statistically significant in explaining the variability in ED visits. Conclusions The variation in the association between estimated access and outcomes affects the projected reductions of severe outcomes with access improvement. Thus applying one intervention would not have the same level of improvement across geography. Interventions must be tailored to target regions with the potential to deliver the highest effect to gain maximum benefit.
The Problem of Extracting Precipitation Information in the Tropics from the UWM/COADS Data

Abstract This study employs principal component analysis to correct tropical precipitation estimates in the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee (UWM)/Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Dataset (COADS) data. The idea was to use a matrix made up of the other variables in the set, to reduce the dimensionality of the matrix by considering a small number of principal components, and then to regress precipitation to these principal components. The results indicate that, although some information on precipitation could be restored by this method, overall the resulting precipitation estimates are not reliable. This result is traced to the intrinsic complexity of precipitation and possibly to a newly discovered bias in the UWM/COADS data.
Poultry litter toxicity comparison from various bioassays

Abstract Poultry litter contains many toxic chemicals in addition to nutrients. Poultry litter leachate has been shown to be more toxic to marine luminescent organisms (Photobacterium phosphoreum) than other farm animal manures. A comparison of toxicity of the poultry litter leachate was undertaken using various bioassays. The EC50 (or LC50) value for the leachate with the Microtox and Daphnia bioassays was 2.9 g/L. Ni‐trobacter and Pseudomonas bioassays were not useful in determining the leachate toxicity because of the nutritional properties of the litter. Poultry litter leachate was found to be mutagenic to strains TA 97, TA 98, TA 100 and TA 102 using the Ames Test.
Experience with Teaching Children's Literature

Children’s Literature is any literary pieces written for the enjoyment of children. Children do not just start reading on their own without guidance. This guidance must come from any adult, a teacher, a parent or a guardian. It is therefore important that the adult learns how to appreciate children’s literary pieces in order to do a good job of imparting the love of books to children. At Coppin State University Baltimore, Maryland, Children’s Literature is taught in the Department of Humanities. Most of the students come from the Department of Education to take this course, and these students are mostly teachers. We also have some students from other departments taking this course. These students have pre-conceived notions of what Children’s Literature is, but are always amazed to learn at the beginning of class that there is more to the course than meets the eye. In the class, they start by learning about the history of Children’s literature, the psychology of children, the politics about texts and how to analyze children’s books. At the end of the course, students get a good sense of what Children’s literature means, and also have better appreciation of the course. This paper discusses the course structure, theories and pedagogical approaches in the teaching of Children’s Literature using the Coppin State course as case study.
Kellogg-Worthington Integration

This case offers a set of team-based workshop assignments for a full post-merger-integration exercise for the Kellogg-Worthington merger. Assignment questions are grouped under Strategic (e.g., what synergies to capture), Architecture (e.g., management-reporting structure), "plumbing & wiring" (integration logistics), and Culture and Politics.
Napsin A/p40 antibody cocktail for subtyping non-small cell lung carcinoma on cytology and small biopsy specimens.

BACKGROUND Subtyping non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) into adenocarcinoma (ACA) or squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) is important for treatment and specimen triage for molecular studies. To preserve tissue for molecular studies in cytology/small biopsy specimens, a 2-antibody cocktail for NSCLC subtyping was developed. METHODS Markers for lung ACA (thyroid transcription factor 1 and napsin A) and SQCC (cytokeratin 5/6 and p40) were evaluated on tissue microarrays (TMAs) with 143 ACA and 98 SQCC specimens. The napsin A/p40 combination was selected for NSCLC subtyping and validated on the TMA as well as on a cohort of cell block/small biopsy specimens from 80 poorly differentiated NSCLCs. RESULTS Using TMA analysis, the napsin A-positive (+)/p40± immunophenotype identified ACA with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity, whereas the napsin A (negative)-/p40+ immunophenotype identified SQCC with 100% sensitivity and specificity. On the validation cohort of 80 cell block and small biopsy specimens, the napsin A/p40 cocktail accurately subtyped 63 of 70 NSCLC (90%) as ACA or SQCC using the subsequent surgical resection as reference histology. Of the remaining 17 cases, 15 were classified as NSCLC-not otherwise specified based on a napsin A-/p40- immunophenotype; their corresponding resections were diagnosed as ACA (7 cases), large cell carcinoma (7 cases), or pleomorphic carcinoma (1 case). Two additional large cell carcinoma cases showed a napsin A-/p40+ or napsin A+/p40+ profile in the preoperative cell block/small biopsy sample. CONCLUSIONS A napsin A/p40 cocktail can accurately subtype NSCLC into ACA and SQCC in most cell block/small biopsy specimens of poorly differentiated NSCLC. In the minority of cases in which the napsin A/p40 immunophenotype is indeterminate, additional stains may be necessary for precise classification. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Strong Anisotropic Dynamics of Ultra-Confined Water

Dynamics of water confined in ∼5 A diameter channels of beryl and cordierite single crystals were studied by using inelastic (INS) and quasielastic (QENS) neutron scattering. The INS spectra for bo...
Toward Virus-Like Surface Plasmon Strain Sensors

The strong configuration dependence of collective surface plasmon resonances in an array of metal nanoparticles provides an opportunity to develop a bioinspired tool for sensing mechanical deformations in soft matter at the nanoscale. We study the feasibility of a strain sensor based on an icosahedral array of nanoparticles encapsulated by a virus capsid. When the system undergoes deformation, the optical scattering cross-section spectra as well as the induced electric field profile change. By numerical simulations, we examine how these changes depend on the symmetry and extent of the deformation and on both the propagation direction and polarization of the incident radiation. Such a sensor could prove useful in studies of the mechanisms of nanoparticle or virus translocation in the confines of a host cell.
Current patterns of marijuana use initiation by age among US adolescents and emerging adults: implications for intervention.

ABSTRACTBackground: More recent data are required for effective measures to prevent marijuana use among youth in the United States. Objective: To investigate the risk of marijuana use onset by age using the most recent data from a national sample. Methods: Data for participants (n = 26,659) aged 12–21 years from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) (50.4% male, 55.6% White) were analyzed. Patterns of the risk of marijuana use initiation from birth to age of 20 years by single year of age were characterized using hazards survival models. Results: The estimated hazards of marijuana use showed unique age patterns for the overall sample and by gender and racial/ethnic groups. Up to age of 11 years, the hazards of marijuana use initiation were below 0.0500; the hazards after age of 11 years increased rapidly with two peaks at age 16 (0.1291) and 18 years (0.1496), separated by a reduction at age 17 years (0.1112). The age pattern differed significantly by gender (hazards from high to low: ma...
An empirical assessment of stress-coping styles in military pilots.

Although aircraft pilots are generally regarded as having superior stress-coping skills, there has been relatively little empirical research on how pilots cope with stress. New stress-coping models and measures for understanding and assessing these previously elusive processes greatly facilitate the empirical study of stress-coping styles. This study employed a new measure of stress-coping style, rationally developed from an integrative model of coping, to study stress-coping in U.S. Army pilots. Results indicated that the pilots preferred problem-focused stress-coping strategies oriented towards direct action to master stressful situations. Also, the pilots tended to deemphasize emotion-focused forms of coping with stress. Differences in stress-coping between pilots and samples of aircrewmen and non-rated military personnel suggest that this coping style reflects differences in psychological functioning independent from the pilots' adaptation to the aviation and military environment.
Fast event recognition for x-ray silicon imagers

Future X-ray astronomy observatories will employ high-speed silicon-based active pixel sensors to obtain wide fields of view with good radiation hardness and low levels of detector saturation (pileup). Detector readout rates envisioned for missions such as Athena and X-ray Surveyor are far too high for existing software-based event recognition techniques to be able to extract the X-ray events from the data stream. We report on the development of high-speed event recognition electronics tailored to the requirements of these new detectors.
Ultrafast dephasing of photoexcited polarons in primary doped polyaniline

Ultrashort pulse pump−probe and transient anisotropy methods are used to study polaron dynamics of primary doped conductive polyaniline in solution. The degenerate frequency pulses are resonant with the polaron absorption of the emeraldine salt form of polyaniline. Pronounced oscillatory components with frequencies of 160 and 210 cm-1 are observed, in good agreement with recent Raman and infrared spectral studies, and are likely to represent ground states modes. However, the close agreement with the excited state lifetime suggests that they may have partial excited state character. Photoexcited carrier dynamics have been identified on two distinct time scales. The very fast component, with a 34 fs exponential decay and 90% of the total amplitude, is attributed to the relaxation of the initially delocalized excitations within the polymer chain. This is supported by the transient anisotropy signal exhibiting a 30 fs Gaussian decay. In analogy with exciton dynamics in photosynthetic light harvesting assembli...
Overview of the Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder

Aims Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is a chronic psychiatric illness characterized by harmful drinking patterns leading to negative emotional, physical, and social ramifications. While the underlying pathophysiology of AUD is poorly understood, there is substantial evidence for a genetic component; however, identification of universal genetic risk variants for AUD has been difficult. Recent efforts in the search for AUD susceptibility genes will be reviewed in this article. Methods In this review, we provide an overview of genetic studies on AUD, including twin studies, linkage studies, candidate gene studies, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Results Several potential genetic susceptibility factors for AUD have been identified, but the genes of alcohol metabolism, alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH ) and aldehyde dehydrogenase ( ALDH ), have been found to be protective against the development of AUD. GWAS have also identified a heterogeneous list of SNPs associated with AUD and alcohol-related phenotypes, emphasizing the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder. In addition, many of these findings have small effect sizes when compared to alcohol metabolism genes, and biological relevance is often unknown. Conclusions Although studies spanning multiple approaches have suggested a genetic basis for AUD, identification of the genetic risk variants has been challenging. Some promising results are emerging from GWAS studies; however, larger sample sizes are needed to improve GWAS results and resolution. As the field of genetics is rapidly developing, whole genome sequencing could soon become the new standard of interrogation of the genes and neurobiological pathways which contribute to the complex phenotype of AUD. Short summary This review examines the genetic underpinnings of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), with an emphasis on GWAS approaches for identifying genetic risk variants. The most promising results associated with AUD and alcohol-related phenotypes have included SNPs of the alcohol metabolism genes ADH and ALDH .
Recombinant mumps virus as a cancer therapeutic agent

Mumps virus belongs to the family of Paramyxoviridae and has the potential to be an oncolytic agent. Mumps virus Urabe strain had been tested in the clinical setting as a treatment for human cancer four decades ago in Japan. These clinical studies demonstrated that mumps virus could be a promising cancer therapeutic agent that showed significant antitumor activity against various types of cancers. Since oncolytic virotherapy was not in the limelight until the beginning of the 21st century, the interest to pursue mumps virus for cancer treatment slowly faded away. Recent success stories of oncolytic clinical trials prompted us to resurrect the mumps virus and to explore its potential for cancer treatment. We have obtained the Urabe strain of mumps virus from Osaka University, Japan, which was used in the earlier human clinical trials. In this report we describe the development of a reverse genetics system from a major isolate of this Urabe strain mumps virus stock, and the construction and characterization of several recombinant mumps viruses with additional transgenes. We present initial data demonstrating these recombinant mumps viruses have oncolytic activity against tumor cell lines in vitro and some efficacy in preliminary pilot animal tumor models.
Formation mechanisms of neutral Fe layers in the thermosphere at Antarctica studied with a thermosphere-ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) model

With a thermosphere-ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) model developed from first principles at the University of Colorado, we present the first quantitative investigation of formation mechanisms of thermospheric Fe layers observed by lidar in Antarctica. These recently discovered neutral metal layers in the thermosphere between 100–200 km provide unique tracers for studies of fundamental processes in the space-atmosphere interaction region. The TIFe model formulates and expands the TIFe theory originally proposed by Chu et al. that the thermospheric Fe layers are produced through the neutralization of converged Fe+ layers. Through testing mechanisms and reproducing the 28 May 2011 event at McMurdo, we conceive the lifecycle of meteoric metals via deposition, transport, chemistry and wave dynamics for thermospheric Fe layers with gravity wave signatures. While the meteor injection of iron species is negligible above 120 km, the polar electric field transports metallic ions Fe+ upward from their main deposition region into the E–F regions, providing the major source of Fe+ (and accordingly Fe) in the thermosphere. Atmospheric wave-induced vertical shears of vertical and horizontal winds converge Fe+ to form dense Fe+ layers. Direct electron-Fe+ recombination is the major channel to neutralize Fe+ layers to form Fe above ~120 km. Fe layer shapes are determined by multiple factors of neutral winds, electric field, and aurora activity. Gravity-wave-induced vertical wind plays a key role in forming gravity-wave-shaped Fe layers. Aurora particle precipitation enhances Fe+ neutralization by increasing electron density, while accelerating Fe loss via charge transfer with enhanced NO+ and O2+ densities.
The Prosocial Side Of Power: When And Why Power Promotes Solidarity With Others

We examine the effect of power on powerholders’ selfish versus generous behaviors toward others. We argue that power in team contexts induces a sense of responsibility to those over whom one has power. This sense of responsibility produces a feeling of solidarity with the group in which power is embedded; that is, we argue that because powerholders feel responsible for their subordinates, they feel psychologically invested in their subordinate group members. This psychological investment in turn manifests in a positive effect of power on individuals’ willingness to invest their own resources in order to protect the interests of subordinate others. We demonstrate that this positive effect of power on responsibility and generosity emerges only toward those over whom the powerholder holds power. We examine these predictions in a series of four studies (three experiments and one field study), operationalizing resource investment in terms of both time and money. We discuss the implications of our findings for ...
Minimum Sobolev norm interpolation of scattered derivative data

Abstract We study the problem of reconstructing a function on a manifold satisfying some mild conditions, given data of the values and some derivatives of the function at arbitrary points on the manifold. While the problem of finding a polynomial of two variables with total degree ≤n given the values of the polynomial and some of its derivatives at exactly the same number of points as the dimension of the polynomial space is sometimes impossible, we show that such a problem always has a solution in a very general situation if the degree of the polynomials is sufficiently large. We give estimates on how large the degree should be, and give explicit constructions for such a polynomial even in a far more general case. As the number of sampling points at which the data is available increases, our polynomials converge to the target function on the set where the sampling points are dense. Numerical examples in single and double precision show that this method is stable, efficient, and of high-order.
An Economic Analysis of Customer Co-design

A key barrier to companies successfully engaging customers in the design of new products is customers fearing that they will be forced to pay much more for the custom products they help design. This fear is justified by the fact that once the customer has invested significant time and effort in co-designing a product, the firm can extract the entire consumer surplus through higher prices. At the same time, the firm allowing its customers to co-design products would be unlikely to commit to a price up front before knowing the complete design of the custom product, since it would then face a significant risk of losing money. In this paper, we develop analytical models for this problem, and show how a firm can motivate its customers to engage in co-design. We also show how offering co-design can impact the firm’s product (line) strategies and the quality of its products, including motivating the firm to increase the quality of its standard product, sometimes even beyond the efficient quality level. The effec...
The Wave2 scaffold Hem-1 is required for transition of fetal liver hematopoiesis to bone marrow

The transition of hematopoiesis from the fetal liver (FL) to the bone marrow (BM) is incompletely characterized. We demonstrate that the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) complex 2 is required for this transition, as complex degradation via deletion of its scaffold Hem-1 causes the premature exhaustion of neonatal BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This exhaustion of BM HSC is due to the failure of BM engraftment of Hem-1−/− FL HSCs, causing early death. The Hem-1−/− FL HSC engraftment defect is not due to the lack of the canonical function of the WAVE2 complex, the regulation of actin polymerization, because FL HSCs from Hem-1−/− mice exhibit no defects in chemotaxis, BM homing, or adhesion. Rather, the failure of Hem-1−/− FL HSC engraftment in the marrow is due to the loss of c-Abl survival signaling from degradation of the WAVE2 complex. However, c-Abl activity is dispensable for the engraftment of adult BM HSCs into the BM. These findings reveal a novel function of the WAVE2 complex and define a mechanism for FL HSC fitness in the embryonic BM niche.
State Insurance Mandates in the USA

State insurance mandates have proliferated since the mid-1970s. The economics of the laws suggest that they should increase insurance premiums, reduce coverage, and lead to greater use of self-insured plans. More generally, they may affect the use and outcomes of services and may influence the take-up of health insurance. The empirical work has been inconsistent. This stems from measurement issues in classifying and aggregating the laws and a failure to account for the nonrandom enactment of laws in the states. The new generation of research uses much more sophisticated techniques and provides greater confidence in the evaluations of how the laws affect behavior.
Crystal structure of N-allyl-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

The title compound, C10H13NO2S, was synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction between allyl amine and p-toluene­sulfonyl chloride. The sulfonate S—O bond lengths are 1.4282 (17) and 1.4353 (17) A, and the C—N—S—C torsion angle involving the sulfonamide moiety is −61.0 (2)°. In the crystal, centrosymmetric dimers of the title compound are present via inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between sulfonamide groups. These dimers are linked into ribbons along the c-axis direction through offset π–π inter­actions.
Availability of Resources for After-Hours Surgical Management of Eye Injuries

Background Approximately 2.4 million eye injuries per year occur in the United States. Because of the complexity of these injuries, many of these cases present to academic institutions. Ophthalmology residency programs have a wide range of resources available for eye injuries requiring after-hours surgical intervention. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine availability of resources for after-hours eye surgery and their effect on clinician satisfaction. Methods Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) program directors were surveyed to assess the availability of eye-trained operating room (OR) nurses, functional operating microscopes, and suitable surgical supplies. The primary outcome measure was the availability of resources for after-hours eye surgery. Secondary outcome measures included the impact of resources on clinician satisfaction. Results Fifty-seven program directors completed the survey. Most programs operated at level 1 trauma centers (95%), had access to a functional microscope (95%), and had frequent adequate surgical supplies (88%). On the other hand, only 28 (49%) programs reported consistent access to OR nurses with ophthalmologic training. Clinician satisfaction scores were three times higher for programs with frequent access to trained surgical OR staff than for programs without (p Conclusion Approximately half of programs report consistent access to ophthalmologic-trained OR staff after hours. In contrast, most programs report access to a functional microscope and surgical supplies. The results of this survey suggest that directing resources toward improving access to after-hours staffing with specialty OR staff may improve clinician satisfaction.
Revolución, sexo y rocanrol. A cincuenta años del ’68 montevideano

In the second half of the fifties, Uruguay was heading towards a major economic and social crisis. The relative prosperity and stability that Uruguayans had thrived on in the first half of the century was vanishing. It is within that context, in 1968 more specifically, that the massive youth protest which will be our main focus here occurred. The term Commitment became the watchword for many of these youngsters, and The Revolution part and parcel to their life choices. What signs did they see or believe to see in the world around them that could have led them to these convictions? In my search for an answer, I have interviewed 45 former militants of those days. Their rebellion was not aimed at their parents, victims like themselves of the "oppressing bourgeoisie"; these youngsters felt they were immersed in a planetary movement towards a fairer, more equitable world, and that risking their lives to make that dream possible was well worth it. In this first advance on our research, we shall focus on the local and worldwide contexts which were – or seemed to be – at the root of the revolutionary convictions of the youth. Still pending is an exploration of the ways in which the afore- mentioned contexts and convictions interrelate with the life stories of these youngsters.
Ready or Not, We Live in an Age of Health Information Transparency.

DesRoches and colleagues reported data that suggest that patients' access to their physicians' visit notes may improve adherence to medication regimens. The editorialists discuss the findings and s...
Instructional practices in reformed undergraduate STEM learning environments: a study of instructor and student behaviors in biology courses

ABSTRACTTheoretically, organisational culture, instructor training, and learning space design influence how faculty teach STEM courses. Previous studies have used classroom observation protocols to...
Chemotherapeutic management of adrenocortical carcinoma: The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience

14592 Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer associated with a poor prognosis. We describe our experience with the effectiveness of various chemotherapies in the treatment of A...
Biological and market responses of pine forests in the US Southeast to carbon fertilization

Abstract In the coming decades, climate change is projected to cause carbon dioxide fertilization effects in pine forests in the US Southeast. Resulting changes in pine (loblolly) growth will impact forest markets and regional carbon sequestration. We examine this impact in the context of baseline demand scenarios of increasing sophistication to determine the relative impact of growth and business as usual assumptions on forest growing stock volume, removals, prices and carbon sequestration. We use above-ground biomass data generated from the 3-PG forest growth model based on 20 climate models and Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. We examine forest market and carbon sequestration impacts using the Sub-Regional Timber Supply model, with and without climate change-related growth. Results suggest that forest growing stock will increase under all climate change scenarios. Timber prices under carbon fertilization are projected to be lower over the long run.
The European Hernia Society classification applied to the rare cases of parastomal hernia after ileal conduit urinary diversion: a retrospective cohort of 96 patients.

To determine the incidence and classification of parastomal hernia (PH) following ileal conduit urinary diversion and to identify risk factors for PH development. We performed a retrospective review of our cystectomy database which includes benign and malignant cases from 2011–2016. Patients with an abdominal CT at 24 ± 2 months post-operation were included. PH were classified according to the European Hernia Society (EHS) system. Regression analyses were performed on variables associated with parastomal hernia. A total of 96 patients were included in the study. The incidence of PH on CT is 20.2% at one year and 28.1% at two years. Using the EHS classification, the majority of PH was small (≤ 5 cm), but up to 50% were associated with a concomitant incisional hernia. On multivariable analysis, (C-index = 0.71), obesity was associated with a higher risk of PH (OR = 2.8, 95% CI 1.06–7.42, p = 0.04), whereas prior tobacco use was associated with a lower risk of PH at 2 years (OR = 0.23, 95% CI 0.09–0.63, p < 0.01). Hernia after ileal conduit is common with radiographic rates approaching 30% at two years, with obesity being an independent risk factor. The relationship between prior tobacco use and a lower hernia rate may be limited to this study but presents an opportunity for future investigation. No difference in PH rates were observed between open and minimally invasive surgery and between intracorporeal and extracorporeal conduits.
Computation-assisted targeted proteomics of alternative splicing protein isoforms in the human heart

Alternative splicing is prevalent in the heart and implicated in many cardiovascular diseases, but not every alternative transcript is translated and detecting non-canonical isoforms at the protein level remains challenging. Here we show the use of a computation-assisted targeted proteomics workflow to detect protein alternative isoforms in the human heart. We build on a recent strategy to integrate deep RNA-seq and large-scale mass spectrometry data to identify candidate translated isoform peptides. A machine learning approach is then applied to predict their fragmentation patterns and design protein isoform-specific parallel reaction monitoring detection (PRM) assays. As proof-of-principle, we built PRM assays for 29 non-canonical isoform peptides and detected 22 peptides in a human heart lysate. The predictions-aided PRM assays closely mirrored synthetic peptide standards for non-canonical sequences. This approach may be useful for validating non-canonical protein identification and discovering functionally relevant isoforms in the heart.
Knockout of E-cadherin in adult mouse epithelium results in emphysema and airway disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a devastating lung disease, characterized by a progressive decline in lung function, alveolar loss (emphysema), and airflow limitation due to excessive mucus secretion (chronic bronchitis), that can occur even after the injurious agent is removed. It is slated to rise to the 3rd leading cause of death due to chronic disease by 2030 globally, and the 4th leading cause of death due to chronic disease in the USA. While there is substantial evidence indicating loss of E-cadherin in the lung epithelium of patients with COPD, it is not known if this is causal to the disease. We investigated if loss of E-cadherin can result in lung disease using in both in vitro models of primary, differentiated human cells and in mouse models. Using a cell type-specific promoter using Cre/LoxP mice system to knock-out E-cadherin in ciliated and alveolar epithelial cell (Type 1 and Type 2) populations in adult mouse models, we determined that loss of E-cadherin caused airspace enlargement, as well as increased airway hyperresponsiveness indicating that it does have a causative role in causing COPD. Strategies to upregulate CDH1 (encodes for E-cadherin) in CHBEs and cigarette-smoke injured NHBEs can rescue the dysfunctional epithelium.
Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Bitcoin Mixers (But Were Afraid to Ask)

The lack of fungibility in Bitcoin has forced its userbase to seek out tools that can heighten their anonymity. Third-party Bitcoin mixers use obfuscation techniques to protect participants from blockchain transaction analysis. In recent years, various centralized and decentralized Bitcoin mixing methods were proposed in academic literature (e.g., CoinJoin, CoinShuffle). Although these methods strive to create a threat-free environment for users to preserve their anonymity, public Bitcoin mixers continue to be associated with theft and poor implementation. This paper explores the public Bitcoin mixer ecosystem to identify if today’s mixing services have adopted academia’s proposed solutions. We perform real-world interactions with publicly available mixers to analyze both implementation and resistance to common threats in the mixing landscape. We present data from 21 publicly available mixing services on the deep web and clearnet.
Integration of neural architecture within a finite element framework for improved neuromusculoskeletal modeling.

Neuromusculoskeletal (NMS) models can aid in studying the impacts of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems on one another. These computational models facilitate studies investigating mechanisms and treatment of musculoskeletal and neurodegenerative conditions. In this study, we present a predictive NMS model that uses an embedded neural architecture within a finite element (FE) framework to simulate muscle activation. A previously developed neuromuscular model of a motor neuron was embedded into a simple FE musculoskeletal model. Input stimulation profiles from literature were simulated in the FE NMS model to verify effective integration of the software platforms. Motor unit recruitment and rate coding capabilities of the model were evaluated. The integrated model reproduced previously published output muscle forces with an average error of 0.0435 N. The integrated model effectively demonstrated motor unit recruitment and rate coding in the physiological range based upon motor unit discharge rates and muscle force output. The combined capability of a predictive NMS model within a FE framework can aid in improving our understanding of how the nervous and musculoskeletal systems work together. While this study focused on a simple FE application, the framework presented here easily accommodates increased complexity in the neuromuscular model, the FE simulation, or both.
Measuring Watershed Land-Use Changes with Airphotos

Aerial photographs were used to determine land-use changes over a 25-yr period in two watersheds in western South Carolina. The North Tyger River watershed near Spartanburg, S.C., experienced changes in agricultural land use and the Reedy River watershed exhibited a conversion of rural land use to urban land use became of the urbanization occurring in the Greenville, S.C., urban area over the study period. Aerial photographs taken at approx 5-yr intervals were used to classify and measure the areas of various land-use classes in the two watersheds. The individual land-use parcels were measured by using a planimeter on aerial photographic enlargements. Significant changes in land use were observed in the two watersheds, changes that would be expected to have an important effect on the hydrologic response of the watersheds. The results obtained from the study indicate that the use of aerial photographs represents a satisfactory approach.
The Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990

The Arbitrary Indian: The Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990. Gail K. Sheffield. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1997. 223 pp.
Managing taxane toxicities.

The two commercially available taxanes (paclitaxel and docetaxel) are widely employed in standard oncologic practice. Toxicity of the agents includes bone marrow suppression (principally neutropenia), complete alopecia, and hypersensitivity reactions. While both drugs can cause neurotoxicity and myalgias/arthralgias, this is a greater clinical concern with paclitaxel. Docetaxel can be associated with the development of significant fluid retention (e.g., edema, ascites, pleural effusions), the incidence and severity of which appear to be limited by prophylactic treatment with corticosteroids both before and after each treatment. If patients are monitored closely (e.g., for hypersensitivity reactions, bone marrow suppression) the taxanes have a favorable side effect profile, and it is currently uncommon for treatment to be discontinued because of the development of excessive toxicity.
Physical Aspects of Adhesion of Leukocytes

These lectures will discuss the application of hydrodynamics, mechanics and statistical mechanics to white blood cell adhesion and the immune response.
Irreducibility of inverse limits on intervals

A procedure for obtaining points of irreducibility for an inverse limit on intervals is developed. In connection with this, the following are included. A se- miatriodic continuum is defined to be a continuum that contains no triod with interior. Characterizations of semiatriodic and unicoherent continua are given, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions for a subcontinuum of a semiatriodic and unicoherent continuum M to lie within the interior of a proper subcontinuum ofM.
Chemical Reaction Network Control Systems for Agent-Based Foraging Tasks

Chemical reaction networks are an unconventional computing medium that could benefit from the ability to form basic control systems. In this work, we demonstrate the functionality of a chemical control system by evaluating classic genetic algorithm problems: Koza’s Santa Fe trail, Je↵erson’s John Muir trail, and three Santa Fe trail segments. Both Je↵erson and Koza found that memory, such as a recurrent neural network or memories in a genetic program, are required to solve the task. Our approach presents the first instance of a chemical system acting as a control system. We propose a delay line connected with an artificial neural network in a chemical reaction network to determine the artificial ant’s moves. We first search for the minimal required delay line size connected to a feed forward neural network in a chemical system. Our experiments show a delay line of length four is su cient. Next, we used these findings to implement a chemical reaction network with a length four delay line and an artificial neural network. We use genetic algorithms to find an optimal set of weights for the artificial neural network. This chemical system is capable of consuming 100% of the food on a subset and greater than 44% of the food on Koza’s Santa Fe trail. We also show the first implementation of a simulated chemical memory in two di↵erent models that can reliably capture and store information over time. The ability to store data over time gives rise to basic control systems that can perform more complex tasks. The integration of a memory storage unit and a control system in a chemistry has applications in biomedicine, like smart drug delivery. We show that we can successfully store the information over time and use it to act as a memory for a control system navigating an agent through a maze.
Delaying the First Bath Decreases the Incidence of Neonatal Hypoglycemia

Poster Presentation Objective To explore rates of neonatal hypoglycemia as an outcome after implementation of a newborn care procedure to delay the bath until at least 12 hours of life. Design A retrospective chart review. Setting A mother/baby unit, with 1150 births per year, in an urban community hospital. Sample The total sample included data on 1135 newborns; the preintervention sample A included data on 578 births and the postintervention sample B included data on 557 births. Methods Blood glucose results were obtained from the electronic medical record. The reason for the blood glucose measurement was cross referenced against the risk factors for neonatal hypoglycemia. Results A blood glucose level of 49 or less was considered hypoglycemic in this study. Newborns in Sample A (no delayed bath) had an 8.5% incidence of hypoglycemia on the initial blood glucose measurement. In Sample B (delayed bath), the hypoglycemia rate was 3.5%. Newborns at high risk for hypoglycemia, including large for gestational age, small for gestational age, and maternal gestational diabetes are required to have a blood glucose measurement. Sample A (no delayed bath) had 176 high‐risk infants and Sample B (delayed bath) had 142 high‐risk infants. The high risk infants in Sample A had a 27.8% rate of hypoglycemia on initial blood glucose measurement. The high risk infants in Sample B had a 14% rate of hypoglycemia on the initial tests. Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice This study shows that delaying the initial bath for the newborn may decrease rates of hypoglycemia by 50% in high‐risk infants and can result in a similar reduction in hypoglycemia for low‐risk infants. The prior practice was to give the infant a bath of 98 degrees Fahrenheit within 2 hours of life. The 12‐hour guideline eliminates the concern that nurses may leave tasks unfinished at the end of their shift. The results promote nursing practice that prioritizes safe outcomes for patients over task completion.
Effects of fear-arousing communications and topic importance on attitude change.

Summary The interaction hypothesis that higher levels of fear arousal will be relatively more effective in producing attitude change for topics of low importance and relatively less effective for topics of high importance was investigated. Undergraduate smokers and nonsmokers (N = 129 males and females) were exposed to one of three fear-arousing communications concerning smoking and cancer. High and low topic importance groups were created on the basis of (a) smoking behavior, (b) verbal reports of topic importance, and (c) interest in the topic. The latter two measures were moderately correlated with one another but neither correlated well with the behavioral measure. Posttest measures of fear level indicated that the messages induced fear but did not induce very high levels, even in the High Fear condition. The interaction hypothesis was not supported with any of the criteria of importance. Smokers evidenced more attitude change than nonsmokers. Higher levels of fear resulted in more attitude change tha...
Planarization process of BPSG: Capillary vs. centrifugal/gravitational forces

Film planarization process, of importance in semiconductor IC manufacturing, results from mutual competition between three forces: capillary, viscous, and gravitation. In this communication we compare, using simple geometric arguments, the order of magnitudes between the capillary force and a generalized centrifugal/gravitational force acting perpendicular to the surface. For patterns of sub-micron dimension and conditions similar to BPSG reflow and photo-resist coating we found that, within instrumental accessibility, the centrifugal term is much smaller than the capillary term. We conclude that the centrifugal/gravitational forces affect global patterns, i.e., with dimension larger than 1000 micrometers , while the capillary force dominates the sub-micro leveling process.
Conditional expected, extensive utility

Luce and Krantz (1971) presented an axiom system for conditional expected utility. In this theory a conditional decision is a function whose domain is a non-null subevent and whose range is a subset of a set of consequences. Given a family of conditional decisions that is closed under unions of decisions whose domains are disjoint and under restrictions to non-null subevents, the second major primitive is an ordering of the family. Axioms were given that are adequate to construct a numerical utility function over decisions and a probability function over events for which the conditional expectation of the utility is order preserving. Several of the axioms are quite complex and seem a bit artificial, and the proof is very long. Here the structure is modified by adding to the set of outcomes a concatenation operation, and the representation theorem is modified by requiring that the utility function be additive over this binary operation as well as exhibiting the expected utility property. The advantages of this pair of changes are, first, it exploits the obvious fact that the union of consequences is itself a consequence; second, it reduces the mathematical burden carried by the set theoretic structure of conditional decisions and, as a result, the axioms can be made much easier to understand; and third, it permits a considerably shorter proof because one can draw more readily on known results. The major drawback of this approach is, of course, that it is inconsistent with the evidence that utility is not additive over consequences - at least, not over increasing amounts of a single good (diminishing marginal utility).