cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Signatures of Surficial Sand and Small-Scale Mass Wasting of Sediments at Shelf Break and Upper Slope Seaward of Baltimore Canyon Trough: ABSTRACT

Sedimentary processes were investigated for the continental margin between Wilmington and Lindenkohl Canyons. Sediment sampling was carried out in a series of closely spaced shelf-break-normal transects from the outer shelf to the upper rise. Q-mode factor analysis of the sieved sands identified three significant end-member (E-M) size distributions. E-M I dominates the slope below 400 m south of and 200 m north of Spencer Canyon. The shelf, shelf break, and upper slope to the foregoing respective depths are dominated by E-M II and III sands. These boundaries are breached on the slope in at least two places. The breaches appear to be pulses of shelf sand which extend down the slope to at least 500 m, producing load casts at the contact between the sands and the underlying muds. The most dramatic soft-sediment deformation structures were recovered in a box core taken 400 m north of Wilmington Canyon. A thick sandy surface layer extended downward as End_Page 1667------------------------------ load casts interdigitating with the underlying muds to > 30 cm. Below this, isolated sand pillows up to 10 cm in diameter extend into the matrix mud to > 50 cm. Ratios of E-M I and II sand in the pillows were significantly different from the sand above. Trends in the E-M ratios in the surficial and load-cast sands and comparisons with other earlier studies suggest that dynamic emplacement of the shelf sand produced these structures. Owing to the size and isolation of the sand pillows in three dimensions, and lack of primary structures in the mud, a bioturbation origin was ruled out. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1668------------
Health-Care Expenditures for Tuberculosis in the United States

Background: The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) and the increase in multidrug-resistant TB prompted this study, which estimates direct expenditures for TB treatment and public health activities in the United States. Methods: This retrospective cost of illness study estimated 1991 direct expenditures for TB-related outpatient and inpatient diagnosis and treatment, screening, preventive therapy, contact investigations, surveillance, and outbreak investigations. Existing databases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Ga) and the Codman Research Group, Lebanon, NH, were supplemented by surveys of state and local TB programs and interviews of organizations that conduct large-scale screening. No estimates of indirect costs were made. Results: The direct medical expenditures for TB in 1991 were estimated at $703.1 million. This cost includes $423.8 million for inpatient care, $182.3 million for outpatient care, $72.1 million for screening, $3.4 million for contact investigations, $17.9 for preventive therapy, and $3.6 million for surveillance and outbreak investigations. Sensitivity analyses yielded a range of expenditures between $515.7 million and $934.5 million. Conclusions: Treatment accounted for more than 86% of all TB-related expenditures; inpatient treatment accounted for 60% of the total. Prevention activities made up only 14% of all costs. Direct medical expenditures may be underestimated because of limitations in the database on hospital expenditures and health department cost-accounting systems and because of the lack of a national database on screening activities. Greater emphasis should be placed on outpatient treatment and prevention in high-risk populations, and improved cost-accounting systems should be developed in state and local health department TB control programs to facilitate economic evaluation and improve the allocation of health dollars. (Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:1595-1600)
Methods to increase the starch content of potato tuber callus tissue

Attempts were made to increase the starch content of callus tissue from tubers of cvs Lemhi Russet and Russet Burbank by varying growth regulator concentration, sugar source, sugar concentration, temperature and callus shape. Starch content was always higher in media containing no growth regulators. Callus spread over the media contained more starch than unbroken rectangular or cube-shaped callus. Sucrose was superior to glucose and fructose for starch formation. A sucrose concentration of 20 % produced more starch than lower concentrations. Callus growth decreased as the sucrose concentration increased. ‘Lemhi Russet’ callus incubated with 8 % sucrose at 20, 25 and 30 °C contained 1.2, 0.4 and 0.8 % starch respectively, which was much higher than in ‘Russet Burbank’ callus. With varying amounts of mannitol as an osmoticum in 8 % sucrose, the most starch was found in the medium containing 5 % mannitol.
Radical cyberknife radiosurgery with tumor tracking: an effective treatment for inoperable small peripheral stage I non-small cell lung cancer.

Curative surgery is not an option for many patients with clinical stage I non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), but radical radiosurgery may be effective. Inoperable patients with small peripheral clinical stage I NSCLC were enrolled in this study. Three-to-five fiducial markers were implanted in or near tumors under CT guidance. Gross tumor volumes (GTVs) were contoured using lung windows. The GTV margin was expanded by 5 mm to establish the planning treatment volume (PTV). A dose of 42–60 Gy was delivered to the PTV in 3 equal fractions in less than 2 weeks using the CyberKnife radiosurgery system. The 30-Gy isodose contour extended at least 1 cm from the GTV. Physical examination, CT imaging and pulmonary function testing were completed at 6 months intervals for three years following treatment. Twenty patients with an average maximum tumor diameter of 2.2 cm (range, 1.1 – 3.5 cm) and a mean FEV1 of 1.08 liters (range, 0.53 – 1.71 L) were treated. Pneumothorax requiring tube thoracostomy occurred following CT-guided fiducial placement in 25% of the patients. All patients completed treatment with few acute side effects and no procedure-related mortality. Transient chest wall discomfort developed in 8 of the 12 patients with lesions within 5 mm of the pleura. The mean percentage of the total lung volume receiving a minimum of 15 Gy was 7.3% (range, 2.4% to 11.3%). One patient who received concurrent gefitinib developed short-lived, grade III radiation pneumonitis. The mean percent predicted DLCO decreased by 9% and 11% at 6 and 12 months, respectively. There were no local failures, regional lymph node recurrences or distant metastases. With a median follow-up of 25 months for the surviving patients, Kaplan-Meier overall survival estimate at 2 years was 87%, with deaths due to COPD progression. Radical CyberKnife radiosurgery is a well-tolerated treatment option for inoperable patients with small, peripheral stage I NSCLC. Effective doses and adequate margins are likely to have contributed to the optimal early local control seen in this study.
22 μs S band delay line

A 22 μs acoustic delay line has been produced on spinel with a centre frequency of 2900 MHz, a bandwidth of 200 MHz and a total insertion loss of 44 dB.
Gap-scale disturbance processes in secondary hardwood stands on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee, USA

Disturbance regimes in many temperate, old growth forests are characterized by gap-scale events. However, prior to a complex stage of development, canopy gaps may still serve as mechanisms for canopy tree replacement and stand structural changes associated with older forests. We investigated 40 canopy gaps in secondary hardwood stands on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee to analyze gap-scale disturbance processes in developing forests. Gap origin, age, land fraction, size, shape, orientation, and gap maker characteristics were documented to investigate gap formation mechanisms and physical gap attributes. We also quantified density and diversity within gaps, gap closure, and gap-phase replacement to examine the influence of localized disturbances on forest development. The majority of canopy gaps were single-treefall events caused by uprooted or snapped stems. The fraction of the forest in canopy gaps was within the range reported from old growth remnants throughout the region. However, gap size was smaller in the developing stands, indicating that secondary forests contain a higher density of smaller gaps. The majority of canopy gaps were projected to close by lateral crown expansion rather than height growth of subcanopy individuals. However, canopy gaps still provided a means for understory trees to recruit to larger size classes. This process may allow overtopped trees to reach intermediate positions, and eventually the canopy, after future disturbance events. Over half of the trees located in true gaps with intermediate crown classifications were Acer saccharum, A. rubrum, or Liriodendron tulipifera. Because the gaps were relatively small and close by lateral branch growth of perimeter trees, the most shade-tolerant A. saccharum has the greatest probability of becoming dominant in the canopy under the current disturbance regime. Half of the gap maker trees removed from the canopy were Quercus; however, Acer species are the most probable replacement trees. These data indicate that canopy gaps are important drivers of forest change prior to a complex stage of development. Even in relatively young forests, gaps provide the mechanisms for stands to develop a complex structure, and may be used to explain patterns of shifting species composition in secondary forests of eastern North America.
Solid State Electron Beam Chemistry

A brief account is presented on an approach for a quantitative understanding of solid state electron beam chemistry that is directed towards understanding the radiation sensitivity of electron beam resists. Results obtained by irradiating PVA with and without additives, using a 25 kV electron beam, are shown in order to investigate the possible spherical and chemical mechanisms induced by the electron beam.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Application of asymmetric cone-beam CT in radiotherapy

In many implementations of cone-beam CT in radiotherapy for target positioning, it is not uncommon that the maximum allowable field of view (FOV) cannot cover the patient because of the limited size of the flat-panel detector. In this situation, the measurements will contain truncated projections, leading to significant artifacts in reconstructed images. Asymmetric cone-beam configurations can be used for increasing the FOV size by displacing the detector panel to one side. From the data acquired with such an asymmetric configuration, the well-known algorithm developed by Feldkamp, Davis, and Kress (FDK) can be modified to reconstruct images. With increasing detector asymmetry, however, the modified FDK algorithm may produce significant aliasing artifacts. In this work, we develop a novel algorithm for image reconstruction in asymmetric cone-beam CT, which can generate images with improved numerical properties and allow for large detector asymmetry. We have employed the asymmetric configuration and the developed algorithm in a cone-beam CT system in radiotherapy to increase the FOV size. Preliminary phantom studies have been conducted to validate the asymmetric configuration and the proposed reconstruction algorithm.
Maximum reconfiguration of 2-D mesh systems with faults

It is desirable to reconfigure a faulty system in a way that the system size after reconfiguration is maximized while reconfiguration hardware overhead is kept low. This paper proposes a maximum reconfiguration scheme for 2-D mesh systems by retaining as many fault-free nodes in reconfigured subsystems as possible. The basic idea is to reconfigure a faulty mesh system into a maximum convex subsystem, using the fault-free upper or lower boundary nodes to compensate for the internal (i.e., non-boundary) faulty nodes. To this end, our reconfiguration problem is transformed into the well-known min-cost flow problem, for which an efficient polynomial algorithm is introduced. Our reconfiguration requires a channel width of two only and is shown by simulation to exhibit much better utilization of fault-free nodes than other schemes.
Brain neurons which project to the spinal cord in young larvae of the zebrafish.

A small number of brain neurons project to caudal levels of the spinal cord in the larva of the teleost Brachydanio rerio. These cells were identified in animals 6 days after fertilization by backfilling with horseradish peroxidase following transection of the cord at the level of the cloaca. In preparations with the most labeled cells a total of 30-40 were present on each side of the midline. They were located within three regions of the brainstem: the midbrain nucleus of origin of the medial longitudinal fascicle (mlf), the hindbrain reticular formation, and the hindbrain vestibular nucleus. A total of 15 classes of cells could be distinguished by soma positions, dendritic fields, and axonal pathways. For some of these classes only one or two cells were usually present on each side of the brain. Most of the labeled cells contributed axons to the mlf ipsilateral to the soma; however, the Mauthner cells and three new types of hindbrain reticulospinal reticulospinal cells have decussating axons that enter the contralateral mlf. The observed distribution of labeled reticulospinal cells is similar to that previously described for large reticular cells in adult teleosts and to the system of identified Mauthner and Muller cells in the lamprey.
Testis specific lactate dehydrogenase as target for immunoliposomes.

Problem Is it possible to deliver therapeutic agents to testis through specific targeting? Method of study Immunoliposomes are designed by incorporating antibodies to lactate dehydrogenase-C4 (LDH-C4), which is the product of a testis specific gene. Their targeting and delivering ability is investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results It is observed that LDHC4-immunoliposomes are able to discriminate and recognize antigens on spermatozoa and testes both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Specific targeting through LDH-C4 appears to be a feasible strategy for delivering therapeutic as well as anti-spermatogenic agents to testis.
Response to FCC 98-208 notice of inquiry in the matter of revision of part 15 of the commission's rules regarding ultra-wideband transmission systems

In general, Micropower Impulse Radar (MIR) depends on Ultra-Wideband (UWB) transmission systems. UWB technology can supply innovative new systems and products that have an obvious value for radar and communications uses. Important applications include bridge-deck inspection systems, ground penetrating radar, mine detection, and precise distance resolution for such things as liquid level measurement. Most of these UWB inspection and measurement methods have some unique qualities, which need to be pursued. Therefore, in considering changes to Part 15 the FCC needs to take into account the unique features of UWB technology. MIR is applicable to two general types of UWB systems: radar systems and communications systems. Currently LLNL and its licensees are focusing on radar or radar type systems. LLNL is evaluating MIR for specialized communication systems. MIR is a relatively low power technology. Therefore, MIR systems seem to have a low potential for causing harmful interference to other users of the spectrum since the transmitted signal is spread over a wide bandwidth, which results in a relatively low spectral power density.
Populations of plastids and mitochondria during male reproductive cell maturation in Nicotiana tabacum L. : a cytological basis for occasional biparental inheritance

The dynamics of plastid and mitochondrial populations in male reproductive cells of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were examined during development using serial ultrathin sections and transmission electron microscopy to reconstruct 58 generative cells and 31 sperm cells at selected stages of maturation from generative cell formation through gametic fusion. The first haploid mitosis resulted in incomplete exclusion of plastids providing an average of 2.81 plastids and 82.7 mitochondria for each newly formed generative cell. During generative-cell maturation, plastid content decreased to an average of 0.48 plastids/generative cell at anthesis owing to autophagy of organelles. Plastids were present in low frequency within generative and sperm cells in the pollen tube and appeared to be transmitted, according to observations immediately prior to fertilization. This forms a cytological basis for genetic reports of occasional biparental plastid inheritance. In contrast, mitochondria were transmitted in larger numbers, and approximately 80 mitochondria per generative cell or sperm cell pair were retained throughout development. This provides a potentially stable source for the transmission of male mitochondrial DNA, if present at fertilization.
Predisposition Toward Adoption of Open Ocean Aquaculture by Northern New England's Inshore, Commercial Fishermen

Aquaculture has been promoted as an enterprise that will provide regional economic development, new employment opportunities for displaced fishers, and the replenishment of commercially important fish stock. Conversely, how will open ocean aquaculture fit into the occupational life of the traditional Northern New England inshore, commercial fisher? Our objective was to identify those fishers with a predisposition to adopt the innovation, as determined by the relationship between the probability of potential adoption and particular explanatory variables. We drew upon adoption of innovations research and fishing-specific studies to establish the explanatory variables: fishers' attitudes toward specific innovation attributes and their personal and situational characteristics. Results suggest that nearly one-third of those surveyed were willing to consider adoption of open ocean aquaculture. We found adoption research to be effective in formulating a model that yielded statistically significant explanatory variables relative to the dependent variable. Respondents' fishing characteristics, communication behavior, and attitudes toward specific innovation attributes were the best predictors in the model. Open ocean aquaculture programs specifically designed to address the needs and interests of these fishers could serve to encourage adoption of the innovation and increase adoption success.
A silver-impregnated antimicrobial dressing reduces hospital costs for pediatric burn patients

Abstract Purpose Since using a novel silver-impregnated antimicrobial dressing (Aquacel Ag, ConvaTec, Princeton, NJ) in our pediatric patients with partial-thickness burns, hospital LOS has been significantly reduced. Here we investigated whether there was concomitant cost-effectiveness of this approach. Methods We retrospectively reviewed Burn Registry Data from a large Children's Hospital Burn Unit from January 2005 through August 2005 for inpatients with partial-thickness burns treated with Aquacel Ag. A comparison group was composed of patients from the same period the previous year treated with silver sulfadiazine cream (SSD, Par Pharmaceuticals, Woodcliff, NJ) and matched for age and %TBSA burned. Patients with inhalation injury or full-thickness burns were excluded. Intent-to-treat analysis was limited to patients with less than 22% TBSA burn. Direct costs and total charges were compared statistically after log transformation due to the skewedness of the data. Results Total charges and direct costs were significantly lower for Aquacel Ag–treated patients (n = 38) than for SSD-treated patients (n = 39) ( P = .004 and P Discussion These data strongly support our findings that the application of Aquacel Ag reduces hospital LOS which results in a significant cost savings in the care of pediatric patients with partial-thickness burns.
Autoimmune Mechanisms in Patients and Animal Models

Autoimmune diseases in patients and animal models are reviewed from the standpoint of immunoregulatory defects which predispose to autoimmunity. New information is provided about autoantibodies which indicates, on the basis of idiotypic cross-reactivity, that they may be closer to normal antibodies than previously thought. The importance of estrogens as a predisposing factor and androgens as a protective factor is discussed in relation to modulation of immune response by sex hormones. Similarities between autoimmune diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) are presented and new therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Orbital Trauma and Computed Tomography

Because computed tomography visualizes most soft tissues, foreign bodies, and bone details, it is an important supplement to conventional radiography in evaluating orbital trauma. A series of eight cases is presented to demonstrate the value of computed tomography. Several special techniques that enhance the usefulness of computed tomographic scanning are described.
Grazing removal decreases the magnitude of methane and the variability of nitrous oxide emissions from spring-fed wetlands of a California oak savanna

Spring-fed wetlands are embedded within Californian oak savannas whose understory is dominated by annual grasslands that are grazed by livestock. Because there is mounting pressure to remove livestock from riparian areas in the western U.S., we excluded livestock from one-half of three spring-fed wetlands and monitored greenhouse gas (CH4 and N2O) fluxes in 2000 and 2002. In 2003, we also measured several ecosystem characteristics to help understand treatment differences in gas fluxes. Bootstrapped estimates of mean CH4 and N2O fluxes over the study period showed that these wetlands were sources of CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere; we compare the magnitude of these fluxes to estimates from other wetland studies. Grazing removal decreased the magnitude of CH4 emissions and their variability during our study period. A regression tree analysis showed lower soil temperature and higher soil water content to be the best predictors of lower CH4 emissions, both of which were observed under grazing removal. The magnitude of N2O emissions was not influenced by grazing removal, but fluxes from ungrazed plots were less variable. Grazing exclusion during hot summer months in California should reduce CH4 emissions from spring-fed wetlands, but have little effect on the magnitude of N2O loss to the atmosphere. Implications of climate change for these processes are discussed.
A Framework for Real-Time Information Derivation from Big Sensor Data

In data-intensive real-time applications, e.g., transportation management and location-based services, the amount of sensor data is exploding. In these applications, it is desirable to extract value-added information, e.g., fast driving routes, from sensor data streams in real-time rather than overloading users with massive raw data. However, achieving the objective is challenging due to the data volume and complex data analysis tasks with stringent timing constraints. Most existing big data management systems, e.g., Hadoop, are not directly applicable to real-time sensor data analytics, since they are timing agnostic and focus on batch processing of previously stored data that are potentially outdated and subject to I/O overheads. To address the problem, we design a new real-time big data management framework, which supports a non-preemptive periodic task model for continuous in-memory sensor data analysis and a schedulability test based on the EDF (Earliest Deadline First) algorithm to derive information from current sensor data in real-time by extending the map-reduce model originated in functional programming. As a proof-of-concept case study, a prototype system is implemented. In the performance evaluation, it is empirically shown that all deadlines can be met for the tested sensor data analysis benchmarks.
Important role of carotid afferents in control of breathing

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect on breathing in the awake state of carotid body denervation (CBD) over 1–2 wk after denervation. Studies were completed on adult goats r...
Evolution of an application profile: advancing metadata best practices through the dryad data repository

Dryad is a general-purpose curated repository for data underlying scholarly publications. Dryad's metadata framework is supported by a Dublin Core Application Profile (DCAP, hereafter referred to as application profile). This paper examines the evolution of Dryad's application profile, which has been revised over time, in an operational system, serving day-to-day needs of stakeholders. We model the relationships between data packages and data files over time, from its initial implementation in 2007 to its current practice, version 3.2, and present a crosswalk analysis. Results covering versions 1.0 to 3.0 show an increase in the number of metadata elements used to describe Dryad's data objects in Dryad. Results also confirm that Version 3.0, which envisioned separate metadata element sets for data package, data files, and publication metadata, was never fully realized due to constraints in Dryad system architecture. Version 3.1 subsequently reduced the number of metadata elements captured by recombining the publication and data package element sets. This paper documents a real world application profile implemented in an operational system, noting practical system and infrastructure constraints. Finally, the analysis presented informs an ongoing effort to update the application profile to support Dryad's diverse and expanding community of stakeholders.
Genetic screening and risk assessment in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Inherited cardiovascular diseases in which sudden death may be the initial clinical presentation pose two basic questions for the cardiologist. First, how should we screen family members for disease? Second, once someone has been identified through screening, how should they be treated and,
Public State Subsidy of Private Higher Ed Institutions: Does It Pay for Itself in Maryland?

The question addressed in this paper is whether there is an annual net gain to the state economy on a per student basis as a result of state subsidies to private institutions of higher education. In addition, the annual economic impact of adding a student at a private institution is compared to the impact of an additional student at a public institution. Because of Maryland’s 40-year history of direct appropriations to private non-profit institutions, the analysis focuses on the state of Maryland and employs input–output methodology. Due to the high percentage of out-of-state students and high tuition, the typical new student in a private higher education institution adds significant new spending to the state leading to a net positive tax payback on the subsidy.
Edward Norris and the Baltimore Police Department (B)

This undisguised case deals with the topic of extraordinary leadership and managing crime-fighting as a business. It offers students an opportunity to design and explore a large-scale organizational change initiative and develop a comprehensive action plan for managing it. Ed Norris, an assistant commissioner in the NYPD who supervises more than 40,000 officers and is credited with assisting in the turnaround in New York's crime scene, is offered a similar job in Baltimore supervising 3,000 officers in the worst crime-laden city in America. The challenges include entrenched crime, racial tension, declining population, negative effects on business, underfunding, critical media, low arrest rates, and a police department with underused resources and a dysfunctional organization and culture. In the A case, students are asked to lay out their action plan for dealing with the situation and, in so doing, have to wrestle with most of the issues in managing large-scale organizational change. The B case (UVA-OB-0777) presents Norris's plan and proposed changes so students can compare their action plans with that of the actual leader. This case series has been taught very successfully as a two-day class. Both cases include extensive video clips for both student preparation and faculty use in class. Although similar to the Chicago Park District series (UVA-OB-0618 through UVA-OB-0621), this series is 10 years newer.
Modification of nanostructured fused silica for use as superhydrophobic, IR-transmissive, anti-reflective surfaces

Abstract In order to mimic and enhance the properties of moth eye-like materials, nanopatterned fused silica was chemically modified to produce self-cleaning substrates that have anti-reflective and infrared transmissive properties. The characteristics of these substrates were evaluated before and after chemical modification. Furthermore, their properties were compared to fused silica that was devoid of surface features. The chemical modification imparted superhydrophobic character to the substrates, as demonstrated by the average water contact angles which exceeded 170°. Finally, optical analysis of the substrates revealed that the infrared transmission capabilities of the fused silica substrates (nanopatterned to have moth eye on one side) were superior to those of the regular fused silica substrates within the visible and near-infrared region of the light spectrum, with transmission values of 95% versus 92%, respectively. The superior transmission properties of the fused silica moth eye were virtually unchanged following chemical modification.
ROUGHNESS INDUCED TRANSIENT GROWTH: NONLINEAR EFFECTS

Numerical simulations are used to model the disturbance field associated with a spanwise periodic array of circular disks in a laminar boundary layer. Besides capturing the major trends from the recent wind tunnel measurements by White and Ergin (2003), the simulations reveal the intricate effects of disturbance nonlinearity and roughness geometry on the transient growth characteristics in the wake of the roughness array and provide a numerical database for validating detailed features of optimal growth theory in the context of roughness induced stationary disturbances.
Alternative Medicine Attitudes and Practices of U.S. College Students: An Exploratory Study

This study determined attitudes and practices, including gender differences, of college students regarding advocacy and use of alternative medicine. A convenience sample of students enrolled in undergraduate health classes from universities in five separate regions of the United States was surveyed using a written questionnaire. A total of 561 undergraduate and graduate students volunteered for this study. Results of this survey indicated that the majority of college students favor the use of alternative medicine and the majority of users reported satisfaction with alternative medicine. Significant gender differences were uncovered regarding use of, and advocacy for, alternative medicine.
Transdisciplinaridade e decolonialidade

Enquanto espacos academicos interdisciplinares tem lenta e gradualmente se espalhado na academia ocidental, seu estado esta longe de ser claro. Eles sao muitas vezes situados em estruturas preexistentes que limitam o seu âmbito de aplicacao. Isto e particularmente verdadeiro no que se refere a espacos que nao so se engajam no trabalho interdisciplinar, mas ainda aqueles que procuram romper com as formas de racismo epistemico que fazem parte das humanidades e das ciencias. Essas areas sao tipicamente conhecidas como "estudos etnicos", incluindo os estudos de povos indigenas, bem como das comunidades racializadas em todos os lugares e em suas diasporas. Neste ensaio, busco identificar a epistemologia adequada para "estudos etnicos", que identifico como forma de transdisciplinaridade decolonial. Isso ajuda a explicar o dificil ajuste entre as areas de "estudos etnicos" e as artes liberais e ciencias ocidentais, bem como o seu potencial para a decolonizacao do conhecimento e da sociedade.
The Reconstruction of Amy Denver, the Marginalized Young White Woman

In Beloved,Toni Morrison revolts the traditional black novels,describing Amy Denver,an indentured servant who exists as "the other" in the white-male dominated society,as an important healer to Sethe.Under the particular background of that period of history,the black is abused by the white.However,what Amy has done to Sethe deconstructs traditional beliefs.Her key role in the story is demonstrated through the exploration of her name and identity.And Amy’s narrative perspective reveals the pain and shame which slaves are suffering more directly.
Large turbotype generatorsߞdesigning for availability

In each aspect of a major electrical project, design criteria are vital. This article, the first in an occasional series on design, deals with the design considerations of the various departments involved in the project
Using PCA algorithm and SVM algorithm for ball bearing fault detection

The paper use PCA(principal components analysis)algorithm for ball bearing data preprocessing which degrades data dimension and extract feature data. Subsequently those preprocessing data are the input of SVM (support vector machine) algorithm ,which is used for ball bearing fault detection.
Appendix 4: John Mitchell Kemble to Fanny Kemble: Letters in the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC, W.b. 596

John and Fanny were the second and third-born of this eminent theatrical family, the first-born of which, Philip, died at age 5 in 1811. Two years apart in age, the brother and sister were well-educated though after different fashions. John studied at Bury St Edmunds school, the seedbed of so many eminent Cantabrigians, while Fanny was taught music, dancing and languages in Boulogne and Paris, and later geography, grammar, history, arithmetic, and mythology. Both benefited from the eminent theatrical celebrities who visited their family home in Covent Garden and from extensive travel on the continent. Fanny never planned to be an actress, yet she had successfully charmed virtually all the Cambridge Apostles before she turned 20. Her literary judgment and powers of conversation made her irresistible. John was clearly very proud of her and respected her greatly. During her family’s financial crises her talent and wit helped keep them solvent. In 1827 the family took a house on James Street in Westminster, and she was nearing completion of her play Frances I. She did not share her brother’s political ambitions, but she did share his deep piety. In his first letter to her, written a couple months before his departure for Gibraltar, he appeals for help finding a post in the church. This frame of mind is never forgotten during his subsequent adventure, though it often haunts him as he feels himself increasingly degraded by the revolution. During his residence in Gibraltar he appears to have tried to write Fanny about the middle of each month after the imminent secrecy of the mission had ceased to matter.
Pseudomonas vertebral osteomyelitis in heroin addicts. Report of five cases.

In five known heroin addicts with proved primary Pseudomonas vertebral osteomyelitis, inoculation with the organism by unsterile injection was believed to have resulted in hematogenous spread of the infecting organism to the spine. Four patients were treated successfully with a combination of gentamicin and carbenicillin, and one, allergic to penicillin, was treated successfully with gentamicin alone.
Hypertension in Individuals with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Hypertension is known to place the individual with IDDM at high risk for the development of both renal and cardiovascular disease. Recent data suggest that aggressive antihypertensive therapy (angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitors, prazosin, and calcium channel blockers) have significantly improved overall prognosis and long-term survival for individuals with IDDM. Because in individuals with IDDM the development of both hypertension and renal disease has its roots in childhood, it is important that early and effective antihypertensive treatment begin there.
Robustness of solutions to critical node detection problems with imperfect data: a computational study

A class of critical node detection problems based upon the metric of communication efficiency is considered. While both exact integer programming and heuristic centrality-based methods exist for the solution of these problems, previous work has been mostly focused on the case where perfect information about the network is available. In this paper we suppose that some level of misinformation about nodes or edges has been inflicted on the observer's perception of the network, that is, there are hidden elements or fake additional elements. An extensive computational study is conducted to ascertain whether the exact integer-programming-based solutions perform better under imperfect information than heuristic methods. For large networks, exact methods cannot produce a solution in a reasonable amount of time, hence an approximation of the exact method is also considered for such instances. The obtained approximate solutions are again compared to centrality-based heuristics under the presence of imperfect data.
Standalone anion- and co-doped titanium dioxide nanotubes for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical solar-to-fuel conversion

Several strategies are currently being investigated for conversion of incident sunlight into renewable sources of energy, and photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical production of solar fuels can provide an important alternative. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been heavily investigated as a material of choice due to its excellent optoelectronic properties and stability, and anion-doping proposed as a pathway to improve light absorption as well as improving the efficiency of oxygen production. While several studies have used morphological tuning, elemental doping, and surface engineering in TiO2 to extend its absorption, there is a need to optimize simultaneously charge transport and improve interfacial chemical reaction kinetics. Here we show anion-doped (nitrogen, carbon) standalone TiO2 nanotube membranes that absorb visible light for the water-splitting reaction, using both wireless (photocatalysis) and wired (photoelectrochemical) solar-to-fuel conversion (STFC) cells. Using simulated solar radiation, we show generation of hydrogen as a solar fuel using visible light photocatalysis. Furthermore, using a model we elucidate detailed photophysics and photoelectrochemical properties of these nanotubes, and explain the kinetics of photogenerated charge carriers following light absorption. We show that while visible light induces a superlinear photoresponse for catalytic reduction and may benefit from higher incident light intensity, ultraviolet light shows a linear photoresponse and saturation with higher light flux due to trapping of photogenerated charges (mainly electrons). These results can have important implications for design of other metal–oxide membranes for solar fuel generation, and appropriate design of dopants and induced energy levels in these photocatalysts.
Hexametaphosphate-Coated Snack Biscuits Significantly Reduce Calculus Formation in Dogs:

We conducted a clinical trial in beagle dogs to determine the impact of a popular snack-type biscuit and an experimental biscuit coated with 0.6% sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) upon calculus format...
Increasing Youths' Participation in Team-Based Treatment Planning: The Achieve My Plan Enhancement for Wraparound

Wraparound is a frequently implemented approach for providing individualized, community-based care for children and adolescents with serious mental health conditions and, typically, involvement in multiple child—and family-serving systems. Both Wraparound’s principles and its theory of change stress the importance of youths’ active participation throughout. However, research focusing on the experiences of youth in Wraparound indicates that they are often not particularly engaged in the process or participating actively with their teams, and the findings point to a lack of alliance between the young people and their teams. This article describes a randomized study testing the Achieve My Plan (AMP) enhancement for Wraparound, which is intended to increase young people’s satisfaction, active engagement and self-determined participation in Wraparound, as well as their alliance with the team. Study findings showed that, relative to youth who received “as usual” Wraparound, young people who received Wraparound with the AMP enhancement participated more—and in a more active and self-determined manner—with their teams. They also rated their alliance with their Wraparound teams significantly higher. Furthermore, adult team members in the intervention condition rated team meetings as being more productive, and they were more likely to say that the AMP meetings were “much better than usual” team meetings. Findings support the idea that it is possible—using a low-cost, low-“dose” intervention—to enhance young people’s self-determination and their engagement in Wraparound without detracting from team functioning or the satisfaction of other team members.
Four-Dimensional Printing: Design and Fabrication of Smooth Curved Surface Using Controlled Self-Folding

Traditional origami structures fold along pre-defined hinges, and the neighboring facets of the hinges are folded to transform planar surfaces into three-dimensional (3D) shapes. In this study, we present a new self-folding design and fabrication approach that has no folding hinges and can build 3D structures with smooth curved surfaces. This four-dimensional (4D) printing method uses a thermal-response control mechanism, where a thermo shrink film is used as the active material and a photocurable material is used as the constraint material for the film. When the structure is heated, the two sides of the film will shrink differently due to the distribution of the constraint material on the film. Consequently, the structure will deform over time to a 3D surface that has no folding hinges. By properly designing the coated constraint patterns, the film can be self-folded into different shapes. The relationship between the constraint patterns and their correspondingly self-folded surfaces has been studied in the paper. Our 4D printing method presents a simple approach to quickly fabricate a 3D shell structure with smooth curved surfaces by fabricating a structure with accordingly designed material distribution.
Safety of non-ablative fractional laser for acne scars within 1 month after treatment with oral isotretinoin: A randomized split-face controlled trial.

Background and Objective Based on reports of poor wound healing and scarring, it is currently recommended that patients wait 6 months after completion of oral isotretinoin therapy before the safe initiation of laser treatment. Our aim was to evaluate the safety of non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) treatment for acne scars within 1 month after isotretinoin therapy. Study Design/Methods This was a randomized split-face controlled trial involving 10 patients with acne scars who had completed isotretinoin treatment. All patients received three treatments each spaced 4 weeks apart with an erbium-doped 1550 nm NAFL on one side of the face within 1 month after isotretinoin therapy. The untreated side acted as a control. Wound healing and adverse effects as well as acne scar improvement were evaluated by two blinded dermatologists. Results All patients demonstrated normal wound healing post NAFL treatments, and neither hypertrophic scars nor keloids were observed. Acne scar improvement was satisfactory. Conclusion NAFL treatment for acne scarring appears to be well tolerated within 1 month of completing isotretinoin treatment. Dermatologists should reevaluate the current recommendation to wait 6 months after isotretinoin treatment for acne scar revision with lasers. Other larger studies are necessary to further challenge this dogma. Lasers Surg. Med. XX:XX–XX, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Gbps Building-to-Building VLC Link Using Standard CMOS Avalanche Photodiodes

A building-to-building free-space visible-light-communication link over more than 72 m link distance is presented. The link employs a dual data/clock optical channel from two 680-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser laser-diodes. The receivers are implemented using custom bandwidth-enhanced avalanche photodiodes (APD) in Austria-Micro-Systems 0.35 μ m complementary-metal-semiconductor-oxide technology. The APD receiver uses resistive linearization to allow for improved bias voltage control in the soft-breakdown region as well as increased signal-to-noise ratio by around 6 dB. A simple amplifier-based architecture is employed with no equalization or transimpedance-amplifier use. Measurement results show an on–off-keying data rate of 2 Gb/s and forward-error-correction-compliant bit error rate below 3.8 × 10−3.
A counterexample to a nonlinear version of the Kreĭn–Rutman theorem by R. Mahadevan

Abstract In this short note we present a simple counterexample to a nonlinear version of the Kreĭn–Rutman theorem reported in Mahadevan (2007). Correct versions of this theorem, and related results for superadditive maps are also presented.
La obra de Rubén Darío en el juicio juvenil de Mario Vargas Llosa

Dario's imprint is deep enough that in the second half of the twentieth century his figure continues to be reviewed by the greats of Hispanic-American literature. An example of these are the comments and reflections made by Nobel Prize winner Mario Vargas Llosa, who already mentioned him in El pez en el agua, where Vargas Llosa explains how he discovered Dario "essential and torn, the founder of modern poetry" in a seminar given by Luis Alberto Sanchez in 1956.
Psychotherapy in the maintenance treatment of depression.

A review of epidemiologic and clinical data on depression suggests that psychotherapy is both an important alternative as well as a supplement to medication for the maintenance treatment of depression. Psychotherapy is an alternative for patients during periods when medication may not be suitable or feasible (e.g. pregnancy, nursing, before or during major surgery, or in the elderly). Psychotherapy also has a role in maintenance treatment in dealing with the social and interpersonal consequences or triggers of recurrent depression. Although the number of continuation or maintenance treatment trials that include psychotherapy is quite limited, the efficacy of maintenance treatment in the delay of recurrence and enhancement of social functioning is best established for interpersonal psychotherapy. There are also some results concerning cognitive and behavioural therapies for maintenance treatment of depression.
Probing the Lower Main Sequence with Molecular Clouds

Apart from their inherent interest, molecular clouds can function as unique backdrops against which two basic aspects of the star formation problem can be studied1: How does the faint end of the luminosity function, Ф(Mv), behave? In particular, does Ф(Mv) continue its apparent decline below Mv ~132, or does it rise again? Even a slightly rising luminosity function extending from My ~ 16 to the limit of the hydrogen-burning main sequence would resolve the missing mass problem in the Solar neighborhood3. What are the characteristics of low mass (M < 0.5 M⊙) star formation in the Milky Way at the current epoch? Are such stars being actively formed in giant molecular clouds? In dark clouds?
Scanning Electron Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, and Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of Selected Videotapes

This study hopes to examine the various classification protocols as well as manufacturer brand videotapes, to delineate selected characteristic physical changes within the metallic oxide on the tapes at the nanometer regime to include the domain levels. Moreover, an examination of the tape magnetic domain boundaries and other particle characteristics from tape to tape and manufacturer to manufacturer will utilize the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the atomic force microscope (AFM). This study examines these traits and characteristics by comparing and contrasting the results obtained from the STM, the AFM and the SEM for nonrecorded tapes.