cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pregnant Women's Knowledge and Beliefs about the Safety and Outcomes of Delivery at Various Gestational Ages.

Objectives Despite the morbidity associated with late preterm and early-term births, there is limited data on pregnant women's perception of neonatal risk based on gestational age (GA). Therefore, our objective was to determine pregnant women's perception of neonatal risks at varying GAs. Method Through an anonymous 24-question survey, pregnant women were asked to designate the GA at delivery that is desirable, safe, and defined as full term. Responses were compared based on race, history of preterm birth, and medical comorbidities. Results Among the 233 survey respondents, the majority (62.9%) desired delivery at 36 to 39 weeks' gestation. Black women were more likely to desire delivery at 28 to 35 weeks compared with other racial/ethnic groups ( p = 0.005). Women with a history of preterm birth or medical complications were less likely to desire delivery at 40 weeks. More than 40% of respondents thought delivery at 8 months of pregnancy was safe and 40.3% responded that 37 weeks' gestation is considered term. Conclusion Misconceptions surrounding the definition of a term pregnancy are pervasive and vary by race, obstetric history, and medical comorbidities. Our findings highlight the need for patient education about appropriate gestational length, especially in minority and high-risk populations.
Alteration in nerves and neurotransmitter stimulation of lacrimal gland secretion in the TSP-1 −/− mouse model of aqueous deficiency dry eye

The purpose of this study is to determine neural, vascular, protein secretion, and cellular signaling changes with disease progression in lacrimal glands of the thrombospondin-1-/- (TSP-1-/-) mouse model of dry eye compared to C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. Neural innervation was reduced in TSP-1-/- lacrimal glands compared to WT controls, whereas the number of blood vessels was increased. Intracellular Ca2+ stores and the amount of lysosomes, mitochondria, and secretory granules, but not the endoplasmic reticulum, were reduced in TSP-1-/- compared to WT acini at 12 weeks of age. Ex vivo high KCl-evoked secretion was decreased in TSP-1-/- compared to WT lacrimal gland tissue pieces. The α1D-adrenergic agonist-stimulated response was increased in TSP-1-/- at 4 and 24 weeks but decreased at 12 weeks, and the ATP and MeSATP-stimulated peak [Ca2+]i responses were decreased at 24 weeks. These changes were observed prior to the appearance of mononuclear infiltrates. We conclude that in the lacrimal gland the absence of TSP-1: injures peripheral nerves; blocks efferent nerve activation; decreases protein secretion; and alters intracellular Ca2+ stores. Through these effects the absence of TSP-1 leads to disruption of ocular surface homeostasis and development of dry eye.
In dialogue with the NIH on clinical trials policy

In his capacity as immediate past president of the Federation of Associations of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Jeremy Wolfe interviews Mike Lauer about the new NIH clinical trials policy. Mike Lauer is NIH’s deputy director for extramural research, serving as the principal scientific leader and advisor to the NIH director on the extramural research programme.
Methods of Investigation

Since resinography is literally the graphic description of resins, polymers, and their products, any scheme of investigation which produces a graphic record is important here. The record could be simply a handwritten one, or typed on a punch card as in Figure 2-1. For easier retrieval, the information could be punched on tape to be fed to a computer memory. Rather than a written record, a pictorial one is often more exact and more compact, since it is the traditional equivalent of a thousand words (see Figure 2-2, which is a photograph showing the structure and morphology of a wartime automobile tire). Finer detail can be recorded by resorting to microscopy, as is evident in Figure 2-3, a montage of three photomicrographs which show the fine structure (at appropriate resolution) of an entire cross section of a commercial artificial leather. Sometimes a cinematograph (a succession of frames on a moving-picture film) provides the record, as in Figure 1-2 of the preceding chapter. And of course, the photomicrograph may be obtained at higher resolution by using an electron microscope, as in Figure 2-4, which shows the very fine structure of an acrylic fiber.
General Statement as to Efficacy of Surgery/Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy

The principal management of primary soft tissue sarcoma is surgical resection. The clinical goal is resection with negative margins, preferably that extend 2 cm from the grossly determined border. This can be difficult to assess and is often limited by the presence of major neurovascular and bony structures. The majority of soft tissue sarcomas do not invade into bone unless there has been previous injury to bone or the lesion has an epitheloid component, such as synovial sarcoma.
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE | Overview

Climate is defined and the variations of average or expected temperature and precipitation on the Earth as a function of location and season are briefly described. The role of the energy balance and greenhouse effect of the Earth, the distribution of insolation, and the role of oceans and topography in determining climate are explained. Past climate changes are introduced, including much warmer climates millions of years ago and the succession of ice ages in the past several millions of years. The primary determinant of the future climate will likely be the modification of atmospheric composition by human activities.
Pizzagate and a slice of free speech: Media literacy outside of the classroom

Since 2016, the public eye has turned to the problems of mis- and disinformation. As a result, many librarians sprang into action to spread the good news about information and media literacies. At the University of Kansas (KU), we initially joined the rush and created a media literacy LibGuide. 1
Anterior Canal benign paroxysmal positional Vertigo following surgical Management of superior canal dehiscence.

Abstract Objective Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a common post-surgical finding in patients managed for superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD). The posterior semicircular canal has been reported as the involved canal in the majority of cases of post-surgical BPPV, with only two cases reported of lateral canal involvement. The objective of this report is to present a case in which an anterior semicircular canal BPPV response was identified in a patient following surgical management for SSCD. Method This case report presents an adult with residual dizziness following surgical management of SSCD and vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT). During subsequent evaluation of vestibular function, a transient and torsional, down-beating nystagmus was provoked along with vertigo during Dix-Hallpike positioning to the right. This was consistent with BPPV affecting the left superior (anterior) semicircular canal. Results The patient was treated with a repositioning maneuver to manage anterior semicircular canal BPPV and no nystagmus response was recorded with post-repositioning Dix-Hallpike test. Review of radiographic images, obtained prior to vestibular function testing, showed a hyperintensity in the area of the left anterior semicircular canal ampulla. It was felt this was likely a bone chip from the SSCD repair that was pushing against the ampulla with further mobile debris within the canal. Conclusion It is reported that BPPV is a common complication in patients surgically managed for SSCD. Posterior semicircular canal BPPV is reported most often, with a couple of cases of lateral semicircular canal BPPV also reported. As far as we are aware, the current case represents the first report of anterior semicircular canal BPPV in this type of patient.
Caring with Courage: Implementing a Bone Marrow and Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplant Caregiver Instructional Class and Support Group

Learning Objective A multi-disciplinary and multi-ecological comprehensive health program to facilitate role transition for hematopoietic stem cell transplant caregivers. Topic Significance & Study Purpose/Background/Rationale Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have an illness trajectory that is long and uncertain with varying demands of care (Gemmill, 2011). The responsibility for safely caring for these patients after discharge is placed on identified informal caregivers. However, the potential burden on these caregivers is considerable. Literature states that they experience a lack of preparation and confidence needed to be successful in their role (Kurtz et al., 2005; Beatie and Lebel, 2011; Gemmill et al., 2011; Bevans and Sternberg, 2012; Metoyer, 2013). Additionally, poorer physical and mental quality of life was found within this sub-group (Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 2017). Sampling of informal caregivers on a 16-bed Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplant unit within an 862-bed academic medical center in New York, New York mirror these themes of under-preparedness and unmet support. Such implications pose a risk of delayed discharge, re-admission, and poor quality of life. The essential role that caregivers play in survivorship must be acknowledged. Methods, Intervention, & Analysis The Care Coordination, Social Work, and Nursing departments developed a task force to address this important issue. A comprehensive health program was constructed through the Intervention Mapping (IM) process and included the review of scientific literature, health behavioral theory, interviews with key informants, and dissemination of a mixed-methods Caregiver Readiness Survey over a 2-month period using a convenience sample of 28 (n=28) informal allogenic and autologous caregivers. Collected data was used to create an educational curriculum. Findings & Interpretation Studies underscore the need for clear, consistent, and tailored education for caregivers before the caregiving skills are needed (McDonald et.al, 1996; Foxall and Gaston- Johansson, 1996; Simoneu et al., 2017). Caregiver Readiness Surveys showed greatest uncertainty regarding central line catheter care (92%) and handling instances of nausea and vomiting (85%). Discussion & Implications A monthly 2-hour intervention was constructed with 1-hour devoted to skills-based education and a 1-hour support group, following. This class will be led by multi-disciplinary staff members and cover topics across the physical, psychosocial, and spiritual domains of care for comprehensive support. Projected evaluative measures include attendance monitoring, evaluation sheets, and pre- and post- testing to gauge information retention.
Quantification of suprarenal aortic neck dilation after fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair

OBJECTIVE Suprarenal aortic neck dilation (AND) after fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) with commercially available devices has not yet been well characterized. The aim of this study was to measure diameter changes in the supravisceral aorta after FEVAR. METHODS This is a single-center retrospective review involving patients with juxtarenal aneurysms treated with Cook ZFEN devices (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Ind). Patients with at least 1 year of cross-sectional radiologic follow-up were included. AND was defined as ≥3 mm at any measured location. Aortic diameter, defined as the average outer to outer diameter on three-dimensional centerline imaging, was measured at seven locations along the length of the ZFEN device from the proximal fixation struts to the bottom of the second seal stent. The first postoperative CT scan (≤1 month) served as a baseline from which subsequent measurements at annual intervals were compared. RESULTS A total of 43 patients who underwent FEVAR from 2012 to 2018 met inclusion criteria, with a total of 119 target vessels (83 renal stents, 41 superior mesenteric artery scallops or large fenestrations). Mean follow-up time was 30.3 months. Any AND was found to occur in 32 (74.4%) patients. Aortic diameter dilation at latest follow-up was found to occur at all measured locations from the top of the fixation struts (1.9 ± 2.4 mm; P < .0001) to the middle of the second seal stent (1.3 ± 3.8 mm; P < .01). Diameter growth was most pronounced in the middle of the first seal stent, with mean AND of 3.6 ± 3.2 mm. At this location, the aorta experienced nearly linear annual growth of 0.99 mm (95% confidence interval, 0.7-1.28 mm) per year. Increasing device oversizing relative to the native visceral aorta was the strongest predictor of postoperative neck diameter growth (1.34 mm per 10% increase in oversizing; P = .02), whereas increasing proximal seal length was protective of growth (-1.82 mm per 10-mm increase in seal length; P = .016). Proximal seal lengths ≥3 cm were associated with less neck dilation compared with <3 cm (2.6 mm vs 4.9 mm; P = .022). Type IA endoleak in this cohort was rare (n = 1) and not associated with AND (P = .256). CONCLUSIONS Dilation of the suprarenal aorta is a common finding in midterm follow-up after FEVAR and not associated with proximal endoleak. Aggressive device oversizing is predictive of dilation, whereas longer seal lengths are associated with less dilation along the suprarenal seal zone. These results support the continued use of FEVAR for juxtarenal aneurysms, particularly in patients in whom ≥3 cm of healthy seal length can be obtained.
Single molecule level studies of reversible ligand binding to metal porphyrins at the solution/solid interface

Ligands bind reversibly to metal porphyrins in processes such as molecular recognition, electron transport and catalysis. These chemically relevant processes are ubiquitous in biology and are impor...
A multi-enhancer RET regulatory code is disrupted in Hirschsprung disease

Abstract In Hirschsprung disease (HSCR; congenital colonic aganglionosis), three GWAS-identified common variants residing in three distinct enhancers of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase gene reduce its gene expression and are causal disease risk variants. Further, their combined effects significantly dysregulate the expression of other functionally-related genes defining the RET gene regulatory network (GRN). In this study, we asked how many variants in how many distinct RET enhancers affect HSCR risk by reducing RET gene expression? We demonstrate that 22 additional HSCR-associated polymorphisms, both independent and associated, reside within multiple candidate RET enhancers and among which 7 display differential allelic enhancer activities. Of these 7 RET enhancers, two bind PAX3 and extend the known RET-EDNRB GRN. Therefore, sequence variants within a minimum of 10 RET enhancers affect HSCR risk, revealing a diverse regulatory code modulating complex disease risk even at a single locus.
Triangular-Shaped Odontoid Process With Chiari 1 Malformation Patient.

Several anatomical variations of osseous structures around the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) have been observed in those presenting with Chiari 1 malformation (CM-1) due to the junction's unique embryology and its pivotal role in neck stability. During a clinic visit, a 14-year-old female presented with the classic symptoms of CM-1. Upon follow-up imaging and confirmation of the inferiorly displaced cerebellar tonsils, a unique triangular-shaped odontoid process was identified. To our knowledge, this osseous malformation of the dens has not been reported in the current literature. This unique deviation may cause ligamentous instability and decreased motion capacity and predispose a patient to axial fractures. Thus, we aim to further discuss this case, cervical vertebrae axis (C2) embryology, and the resulting clinical significance of this observed odontoid process variant.
Estimated Association of Construction Work With Risks of COVID-19 Infection and Hospitalization in Texas.

Importance Policy makers have relaxed restrictions for certain nonessential industries, including construction, jeopardizing the effectiveness of social distancing measures and putting already at-risk populations at greater risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. In Texas, Latinx populations are overly represented among construction workers, and thus have elevated rates of exposure that are compounded by prevalent high-risk comorbidities and lack of access to health care. Objective To assess the association between construction work during the COVID-19 pandemic and hospitalization rates for construction workers and the surrounding community. Design, Setting, and Participants This decision analytical model used a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission, stratified by age and risk group, with construction workers modeled explicitly. The model was based on residents of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, with a population of 2.17 million. Based on 500 stochastic simulations for each of 15 scenarios that varied the size of the construction workforce and level of worksite transmission risk, the association between continued construction work and hospitalizations was estimated and then compared with anonymized line-list hospitalization data from central Texas through August 20, 2020. Exposures Social distancing interventions, size of construction workforce, and level of disease transmission at construction worksites. Main Outcomes and Measures For each scenario, the total number of COVID-19 hospitalizations and the relative risk of hospitalization among construction workers was projected and then compared with relative risks estimated from reported hospitalization data. Results Allowing unrestricted construction work was associated with an increase of COVID-19 hospitalization rates through mid-August 2020 from 0.38 per 1000 residents to 1.5 per 1000 residents and from 0.22 per 1000 construction workers to 9.3 per 1000 construction workers. This increased risk was estimated to be offset by safety measures (such as thorough cleaning of equipment between uses, wearing of protective equipment, limits on the number of workers at a worksite, and increased health surveillance) that were associated with a 50% decrease in transmission. The observed relative risk of hospitalization among construction workers compared with other occupational categories among adults aged 18 to 64 years was 4.9 (95% CI, 3.8-6.2). Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that unrestricted work in high-contact industries, such as construction, is associated with a higher level of community transmission, increased risks to at-risk workers, and larger health disparities among members of racial and ethnic minority groups.
Individual Differences in the Neural Localization of Relational Networks of Semantic Concepts.

Semantic concepts relate to each other to varying degrees to form a network of zero-order relations, and these zero-order relations serve as input into networks of general relation types as well as...
HeapSafe: Securing Unprotected Heaps in RISC-V.

RISC-V is a promising open-source architecture primarily targeted for embedded systems. Programs compiled using the RISC-V toolchain can run bare-metal on the system, and, as such, can be vulnerable to several memory corruption vulnerabilities. In this work, we present HeapSafe, a lightweight hardware assisted heap-buffer protection scheme to mitigate heap overflow and use-after-free vulnerabilities in a RISC-V SoC. The proposed scheme tags pointers associated with heap buffers with metadata indices and enforces tag propagation for commonly used pointer operations. The HeapSafe hardware is decoupled from the core and is designed as a configurable coprocessor and is responsible for validating the heap buffer accesses. Benchmark results show a 1.5X performance overhead and 1.59% area overhead, while being 22% faster than a software protection. We further implemented a HeapSafe-nb, an asynchronous validation design, which improves performance by 27% over the synchronous HeapSafe.
Primary Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty

The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) plays a key role for upper extremity function, including forearm rotation, stability, and transmission of load. The minimal osseous constraint increases the risk of instability and contributes to developing osteoarthrosis. Distal radius fractures and malunions disrupt joint congruity leading to abnormal articular contact stresses. Madelung’s deformity and other congenital conditions can affect joint congruity and alignment leading to degenerative changes. Because the joint has robust synovium, it is especially susceptible to inflammatory arthritis. Initial management of DRUJ arthritis can be nonsurgical; however, these methods typically have variable and often limited long-term success. There are three broad categories of surgical treatment: partial or complete resection of the distal ulna (hemiresection with soft tissue interposition or the Darrach procedure), arthrodesis of the DRUJ with ulnar neck resection (Sauve-Kapandji procedure), and partial or complete arthroplasty (ulnar head replacement or total DRUJ replacement).
Modeling future climate suitability for the western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, in California with an emphasis on land access and ownership.

Abstract In the western United States, Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls (Acari: Ixodidae) is the primary vector of the agents causing Lyme disease and granulocytic anaplasmosis in humans. The geographic distribution of the tick is associated with climatic variables that include temperature, precipitation, and humidity, and biotic factors such as the spatial distribution of its primary vertebrate hosts. Here, we explore (1) how climate change may alter the geographic distribution of I. pacificus in California, USA, during the 21st century, and (2) the spatial overlap among predicted changes in tick habitat suitability, land access, and ownership. Maps of potential future suitability for I. pacificus were generated by applying climate-based species distribution models to a multi-model ensemble of climate change projections for the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 (moderate emission) and 8.5 (high emission) scenarios for two future periods: mid-century (2026-2045) and end-of-century (2086-2099). Areas climatically-suitable for I. pacificus are projected to expand by 23% (mid-century RCP 4.5) to 86% (end-of-century RCP 8.5) across California, compared to the historical period (1980-2014), with future estimates of total suitable land area ranging from about 88 to 133 thousand km2, or up to about a third of California. Regions projected to have the largest area increases in suitability by end-of-century are in northwestern California and the south central and southern coastal ranges. Over a third of the future suitable habitat is on lands currently designated as open access (i.e. publicly available), and by 2100, the amount of these lands that are suitable habitat for I. pacificus is projected to more than double under the most extreme emissions scenario (from ~23,000 to >51,000 km2). Of this area, most is federally-owned (>45,000 km2). By the end of the century, 26% of all federal land in the state is predicted to be suitable habitat for I. pacificus. The resulting maps may facilitate regional planning and preparedness by informing public health and vector control decision-makers.
The Evolution of analytical technology and its impact on water-quality studies for selected herbicides and their degradation products in water

This chapter aims to describe advances in analytical instrumentation and methods for the analyses of herbicides and their degradation products and to assess their impact on major findings of broad surveys of herbicides in water conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) over the last two decades. Standards for water purity have been set and continually revised by governments as new contaminants that may impact human health are identified. These water-purity standards have brought continued improvement in water quality of existing water sources by reducing the amount of pollution in drinking water, treating wastewater, diverting wastewater discharge from drinking-water supplies, implementing new filtration practices, and other innovative techniques. It is vital that state-of-the-art instrumentation for analyzing organic contaminants continually be introduced into the marketplace the advancement of analytical instrumentation has given scientists the capability to continually broaden their studies of the fate of herbicides and their degradation products over the last two decades. Studies by many scientists have continually expanded the knowledge of the occurrence, persistence, and transport of herbicides and their degradation products in the hydrologic environment.
Introduction to the Fourth International MEOR Conference

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the fourth international Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) conference. For a number of years, MEOR research has been supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) as a potential method of recovery from some of the most critical producing wells, those in danger of abandonment in the near future. In fiscal years, 1988 through 1991, DOE was implementing its National Energy Strategy––Advanced Oil Recovery Program––Congress supported MEOR with special add on appropriations. There are three key elements in this plan: Analysis and Planning, which involves the Tertiary Oil Recovery Information System (TORIS); Field RD and Supporting Research. Supporting Research is a key element in DOE's Oil Research Plan, and MEOR is applicable in both targeted and disciplinary branches of Supporting Research. Targeted Supporting Research involves specific reservoir problems––that is, reservoir class related––whereas disciplinary supporting research involves cross-cutting, fundamental research––that is, university support projects.
The Idiosyncrasy of Beauty: Aesthetic Universals and the Diversity of Taste

There are different senses of the word “beauty.” It may refer to a broad social norm or to an individual psychological experience, what we might call “aesthetic response.” The main contention of this chapter is that common or universal principles need not mandate nor even entail that everyone has the same experience of beauty. To the contrary, research indicates that the factors underlying aesthetic response predict considerable individual diversity. It initially seems that the search for universals of beauty is both hegemonic and falsely homogenizing. However, it is not hegemonic if we are concerned with aesthetic response, rather than social norms. Moreover, a clear understanding of universals does not preclude idiosyncrasy. In fact, when properly formulated, such universals predict and explain individual diversity.
Idiopathic Flushing with Dysesthesia: Treatment with the 585nm Pulsed Dye Laser.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy and safety of the 585nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of idiopathic flushing with dysesthesia. DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of patients treated with a 585nm pulsed dye laser with fluences ranging from 3.5 to 7.5J/cm(2) (purpura threshold fluences), a pulse duration of 450μsec, and a spot size of 5 or 10mm. SETTING: The Ronald 0. Perelman Department of Dermatology at New York University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Ten adult subjects who presented with flushing with dysesthesia. MEASUREMENTS: PARTICIPANTS subjectively evaluated the decrease in dysesthesia and the number of flushing episodes. The objective response to treatment was evaluated by a single physician using pre- and postoperative photographs. The severity of postoperative erythema was compared with baseline using an ordinal scale ranging from zero (resolution of erythema) to four (76-100% of baseline erythema). RESULTS: The mean number of treatments received by the subjects was seven. The mean fluence was 6.66J/cm(2). Subjectively, 100 percent of subjects reported a decrease in dysethesia and the number of flushing episodes. OBJECTIVEly, subjects demonstrated at least a 62.5-percent reduction in erythema. CONCLUSION: Laser surgery provided subjective relief of dysesthesia and decreased the number of flushing episodes with a greater than 62-percent objective reduction in the severity of erythema. The 585nm pulsed dye laser is a safe, efficacious treatment for the signs and symptoms of idiopathic flushing with dysesthesia.
Towards Trojan circuit detection with maximum state transition exploration

An approach for Trojan circuit detection in a finite state machine is presented. It is based on a model where long sequences of inputs that are applied to the system in the functional mode can detect if Trojan hardware is triggered with high probability. An efficient and scalable input generation algorithm for broadside tests is introduced.
Budget balance through revenue or spending adjustments

Abstract The paper provides a historical perspective on the issue of whether budget deficits are typically eliminated by increased taxes or by reduced spending. By examining U.S. budget data from 1792–1988, I conclude that about 50–65% of all deficits due to tax cuts and about 65–70% of all deficits due to higher government spending have been eliminated by subsequent spending cuts, while the remainder was eliminated by subsequent tax increases. In contrast to previous studies, the empirical analysis uses error-correction models in a way that the intertemporal budget constraint is imposed in the estimation stage.
Yeast phenotypic assays on translational control.

Abstract This chapter describes phenotypic assays on specific and general aspects of translation using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryote. To study the effect on start codon selection stringency, a his4 − or his4-lacZ allele altering the first AUG to AUU is employed. Mutations relaxing the stringent selection confer the His + phenotype in the his4 − strain background or increase expression from his4-lacZ compared to that from wild-type HIS4-lacZ (Sui − phenotype). Translation of the Gcn4p transcription activator is strictly regulated by amino acid availability depending on upstream ORF (uORF) elements in the GCN4 mRNA leader. Mutations reducing the eIF2/GTP/Met-tRNA i Met complex level or the rate of its binding to the 40S subunit derepress GCN4 translation by allowing ribosomes to bypass inhibitory uORFs in the absence of the starvation signal (Gcd − phenotype). Mutations impairing scanning or AUG recognition generally impair translational GCN4 induction during amino acid starvation (Gcn − phenotype). Different amino acid analogs or amino acid enzyme inhibitors are used to study Gcd − or Gcn − phenotypes. The method of polysome profiling is also described to gain an ultimate “phenotypic” proof for translation defects.
Black Consciousness, Self-Esteem, and Satisfaction with Physical Appearance Among African-American Female College Students:

There is little doubt that American women are concerned with their appearance. Americans spend billions trying to improve their health, bodies, and appearance. In general we are healthier and more fit than ever, but less satisfied with the way we look (Cash, Winstead, & Janda, 1986). Despite their efforts to attain what is often an unattainable image, many women are dissatisfied with their own appearance. Psychological researchers have rigorously addressed the issue of physical appearance and its importance to women, namely White women. Notwithstanding the importance of such research, much of it has failed to examine these issues among African-American women. Failure to incorporate African-Americans as subjects in research on appearance detracts from the generalizability of prior findings to this group. The current research investigates the extent to which two variables, Black consciousness and self-esteem, are associated with satisfaction with physical appearance among African-American women. It is unclear who African-American women use as their reference group in defining their own attractiveness: the larger society, the
On the effect of helical-flow inserts on boiling pressure drop

Water and alkali metal boilers, predicting helical-flow-promoting inserts effect on pressure drop penalties by constant slip model
PLEA BARGAINING AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE CRIMINAL PROCESS

This article examines plea bargaining in historical perspective. It argues that plea bargaining and related inducements to plead guilty are not primarily the products of limitations of resources or the drive for organizational efficiency. Rather plea bargaining has its origins in changes in the very structure and theory of the criminal process that have taken place during the past 200 years: developments in the opera tive assumptions and theory about the criminal process; changes in the substantive criminal law and criminal procedure; and the rise of full-time professionals who administer the criminal process. The thesis is that negotiation has increased in direct proportion to adversariness; that is, the rise of plea bargaining is a conse quence of increased adversariness, precisely the opposite of what is commonly thought.
Information Learning and Retention with Multiple Images and Audio.

INTRODUCTION Simultaneous projection of multiple-images with audio, called here Audible Multi-Imagery (AMI), has grown rapidly since its inception in 1927. (Claude Autant-Lara of France is credited with being the first to use multiple images. He depicted a gold-hunting expedition to the far North.) Gradually, the medium of AMI has found its way into the programs of world fairs, federal government agencies, businesses, universities, schools, and the Association for Educational Communications and Technology conventions. AMI refers to the integral display of three simultaneously projected visual images coupled with a corresponding sound or audiotrack. Typically an AMI configuration comprises three 2 x 2 slide projectors, an audiotape recorder, three separate but contiguous screens, and a control system to advance the slides. There are many reasons for increasing use of AMI. It stimulates viewer interest, facilitates visual comparisons, and gives movement and continuity to still pictures comparable in many instances to a motion picture. AMI can be produced
ABA Standards for Criminal Justice: Law Enforcement Access to Third Party Records

I served as Reporter drafting these Standards over the past six years; the black letter was adopted by the American Bar Association (ABA) House of Delegates in February, 2012. These Criminal Justice Standards on Law Enforcement Access to Third Party Records provide much needed guidance to legislatures, courts, and administrative agencies having to decide how to regulate law enforcement access to existing records in the hands of third parties. It is the first framework of its kind, and it can do much to improve the current system of ad hoc protections in both state and federal systems. Decision makers are struggling to determine when to permit law enforcement access to medical records, location records, communications records, and myriad other information, and these Standards provide a framework via which they can bring greater consistency to existing law, and, where necessary, frame new law that accounts for changing technologies and social norms, the needs of law enforcement, and the interests of privacy, freedom of expression, and social participation.
Boredom and Distraction in Multiple Unmanned Vehicle Supervisory Control

This work was supported by Aurora Flight Sciences under the ONR Science of Autonomy program as well as the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under Code 34 and MURI [grant number N00014-08-C-070].
Conjugation of Selenols with Aziridine-2-Carboxylic Acid-Containing Peptides

The addition of PhSeH to aziridine-2-carboxylic acid ontaining peptides is described, thus expanding the scope of nuleophiles for the opening of this class of electrophilic peptide subtrates. The process offers a new strategy for the generation of seful phenylselenocysteine derivatives and α-seleno-β-amino cid-containing peptides.
Germinal cells in the goldfish retina that produce rod photoreceptors.

Dividing cells and their progeny in retinae of young goldfish were labeled with [3H]thymidine, and selected cells were reconstructed from serial sections processed for electron microscopic autoradiography. Our goals were to characterize the cells that were identified as rod precursors in previous light microscopic autoradiographical studies and to determine their origin and fate. (In fish the population of rods increases several-fold postembryonically by proliferation of rod precursor cells scattered across the retina.) Over 200 labeled cells taken from 11 retinas were examined, and 20 of these were reconstructed in their entirety. Some retinas were examined at short intervals (1 to 48 hr) after [3H]thymidine injection in order to study mitotically active cells, and others were examined after longer intervals (9 or 14 days) to discover the nature of the progeny of labeled dividing cells. Previous evidence from thymidine studies in larval goldfish suggested that proliferating cells destined to produce rods appear first in the inner nuclear layer and later in the outer nuclear layer, where they continue to divide and generate new rods (P. R. Johns, (1982) J. Neurosci. 2, 179). The present results provide morphological evidence in support of the suggestion that rod precursors migrate from inner to outer nuclear layer and, furthermore, show that the precursors are closely associated with, and perhaps guided by, the radial processes of Muller glial cells. Examination of EM autoradiographs of labeled cells at 9 and 14 days after a pulse label with thymidine confirms that the differentiated progeny of dividing precursor cells are exclusively rods. To our knowledge, rod precursors are the first example of a neuronal germinal cell in the vertebrate central nervous system that under normal conditions produces only one type of neuron.
Support Vector Machines for improved multiaspect target recognition using the fisher kernel scores of Hidden Markov Models

In conjunction with physics-based feature extraction, Hidden Markov Model. (HMM) classifiers have been used successfully to fuse scattering data from multiple target orientations where the target-sensor orientation is generally unknown or “hidden” [1]. The use of prior knowledge concerning sensor motion is employed in modeling the sequential data, improving classification performance. However, the assumptions of first order Markovian state transitions state-dependent statistics constrain the intrinsic class of pdf structures admitted by the HMM, for use in classification. In-this paper we overcome the above limitation by using the local variations in the HMMs induced by each sequence of observations as the feature vector for a support vector machine. (SYM) classifier. Improved discrimination results are presented for measured acoustic scattering data.
In situ measurements of tropospheric volcanic plumes in Ecuador and Colombia during TC4

A NASA DC-8 research aircraft penetrated tropospheric gas and aerosol plumes sourced from active volcanoes in Ecuador and Colombia during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC^4) mission in July–August 2007. The likely source volcanoes were Tungurahua (Ecuador) and Nevado del Huila (Colombia). The TC^4 data provide rare insight into the chemistry of volcanic plumes in the tropical troposphere and permit a comparison of SO_2 column amounts measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite with in situ SO_2 measurements. Elevated concentrations of SO_2, sulfate aerosol, and particles were measured by DC-8 instrumentation in volcanic outflow at altitudes of 3–6 km. Estimated plume ages range from ~2 h at Huila to ~22–48 h downwind of Ecuador. The plumes contained sulfate-rich accumulation mode particles that were variably neutralized and often highly acidic. A significant fraction of supermicron volcanic ash was evident in one plume. In-plume O_3 concentrations were ~70%–80% of ambient levels downwind of Ecuador, but data are insufficient to ascribe this to O_3 depletion via reactive halogen chemistry. The TC^4 data record rapid cloud processing of the Huila volcanic plume involving aqueous-phase oxidation of SO_2 by H_2O_2, but overall the data suggest average in-plume SO_2 to sulfate conversion rates of ~1%–2% h^(−1). SO_2 column amounts measured in the Tungurahua plume (~0.1–0.2 Dobson units) are commensurate with average SO_2 columns retrieved from OMI measurements in the volcanic outflow region in July 2007. The TC^4 data set provides further evidence of the impact of volcanic emissions on tropospheric acidity and oxidizing capacity.
Predator-limited population growth of the copepod Pseudocalanus sp.

Author(s): Ohman, MD | Abstract: The impact of predators on population growth of Pseudocalanus sp. was investigated in Dabob Bay, Washington. Mortality of Pseudocalanus sp. was determined from stage-specific survivorship, from seasonal changes in mortality rates of adult males and females and from incidence of injuries to adult copepods. The principal predators of adult Pseudocalanus were identified as the predatory copepod Euchaeta elongata, the omnivorous euphausiid Euphausia pacifica and the chaetognath Sagirta elegans. Predator attack rates - and prey mortality rates - are highly density-dependent and thus sensitive to prey dispersion in the water column, particularly to layering in the vertical plane. Predation rates by the three principal predators exceeded 100% of the recruitment rate to adult Pseudocalanus sp. beginning in early summer, thus restricting population growth. Planktivorous fish predation (by adult three-spine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta) on Pseudocalanus sp. adults was estimated to be two orders of magnitude lower than consumption rates by predatory zooplankton, at a deep water station in July. Analysis of seasonal changes in prey ingested by Sagitta elegans revealed that Pseudocalanus sp. was the major prey item of S. elegans in April (61.0% of prey) and in June (67.0% of prey), thereafter declining seasonally in importance. Predation by S. elegans varied seasonally with changes in chaetognath stage structure, vertical distribution and diapause, not size structure alone. Although chaetognath recruitment and population growth appear to be directly coupled to the abundance of Pseudocalanus sp., predation by S. elegans has little reciprocal impact on Pseudocalanus sp. population growth; hence asymmetries may occur in the in teraction of planktonic prey and predators. © 1986 IRL Press Limited.
Rydberg states converging to the N2+2 ionized states

Abstract The binding energy of a given Rydberg electron, nl, bound by a doubly ionized atomic core, is compared with the binding energy of the same Rydberg electron, nl, bound by a singly ionized atomic core. It is shown that the ratio between these two binding energies is nearly independent of the nature of the atomic cores. Assuming that this independence extends to diatomic molecules, we have estimated the binding energies of the Rydberg electrons bound by the N2+2 ion. Using these binding energies and the equilibrium internuclear distances of N2+2, we have identified, for the first time, Rydberg states converging to the N2+2 ionized states in the core-level and the valence-level photoelectron spectra. Good agreement between the estimated and the observed Rydberg-state energies indicates that the assumption used above is valid.
Carbohydrate intake as a risk factor for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy.

Background High carbohydrate intake has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and abnormal serum lipid profiles-conditions which favor gallstone formation. Goals The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary carbohydrate intake on incident gallbladder disease, defined as biliary sludge and stones, during pregnancy. Study We prospectively studied 3070 pregnant women who underwent serial gallbladder ultrasound during pregnancy and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. All women had at least 2 study ultrasounds for comparison. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was completed by subjects in the early third trimester. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the risk of incident gallbladder disease across quartiles total and individual carbohydrate and individual carbohydrates (starch, sucrose, galactose, fructose, and lactose) intake. Results The cumulative incidence of gallbladder disease was 10.2% by 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. The risk of incident gallbladder disease during pregnancy was significantly higher among women in the highest quartile of total carbohydrate intake versus those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 2.09, 95% confidence interval 1.02-4.27). High intake of fructose was associated with increased risk even after additional adjustment for total carbohydrate intake (odds ratio 2.18, 95% confidence interval 1.23-3.86, comparing highest with lowest quartile). No association was found between the intake of starch, sucrose, lactose, or galactose and the risk of incident gallbladder disease. Conclusions High consumption of total carbohydrate and fructose may increase the risk of developing gallbladder disease during pregnancy. Dietary modification during pregnancy might reduce gallstone incidence during this time period.
I-123 Iofetamine SPECT Scan in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Cognitive and Other Minor Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: A Pilot Study

Accurate diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) lupus remains difficult, especially when the manifestations are of subtle cognitive and affective changes. This pilot study reports on the use of I-123 iofetamine single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scans in 18 such patients with documented systemic lupus erythematosus. Eight of the 18 scans were abnormal (44%), four in a diffuse bitemporo-parietal pattern previously noted only in Alzheimer's disease, and four with large focal deficits. Neither the existence of the abnormal scan nor the particular pattern of abnormality correlated with the results of other diagnostic tests. These preliminary results raise the possibility that SPECT scans may offer an additional valuable diagnostic instrument in CNS lupus, although further studies are necessary to delineate their precise role.
My Plans for Journal of Marketing: An Editor in Chief's Perspective.

© 2014, American Marketing Association ISSN: 0022-2429 (print), 1547-7185 (electronic) Journal of Marketing Vol. 78 (July 2014), 1–3 1 Ifeel deeply honored and privileged to have been selected as the Editor in Chief of the Journal of Marketing (JM). I am grateful for the confidence placed in me and will fulfill the responsibility to the best of my ability. This editorship assumes greater significance for me given the excellent trajectory that JM has traversed under the stewardship of a remarkable group of scholars. I thank the prior Editors in Chief, the AEs, the editorial review board (ERB) members, the ad hoc reviewers, and the authors for making JM the premier marketing journal worldwide.