cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short day-triggered quiescence promotes water conservation in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis

A short day–long day exposure comparison of water balance characteristics throughout the life history of the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, was conducted to examine how this tick survives winter-associated dryness. Larvae, nymphs, and adults under potential diapause-inducing conditions (short day, 20 °C) have low water loss rates compared to long day exposed ticks. Above the critical equilibrium activity, these nonfed ticks show greater water gain from lower water vapor activities. In contrast to nonfed stages, eggs and blood-engorged stages (fed larva, fed nymph) were enhanced for water conservation independent of short day exposure and did not display reduced water loss rates under short day conditions. This short day-prompted response in nonfed ticks was distinguished from a genetically programmed diapause as noted in other arthropods by: (1) reduction in water loss was temporary and could be reversed quickly by transferring to long day for only a single day, then re-triggered by returning to short day conditions; (2) switch between low and high water loss rates could be induced multiple times and for multiple different stages; and (3) response by ticks was to the photoperiod they were under, not the condition that was experienced by previous fed stages or in the mother in the case of eggs. Furthermore, short day had no impact on altering body water content, dehydration tolerance limit, instar yields, or developmental stadia. We conclude that a short day-triggered quiescence reduces desiccation stress associated with overwintering in nonfed ticks. This effect on water conservation due to short day exposure is more pronounced for subadults and is likely due to their increased sensitivity to water loss as a result of their smaller size, which is critical to prevent dehydration during the dry winter periods.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Phase Transformations in Hydrogen Storage Materials

The aim of this project is to develop and apply computational materials science tools to determine and predict critical properties of hydrogen storage materials. By better understanding the absorption/desorption mechanisms and characterizing their physical properties it is possible to explore and evaluate new directions for hydrogen storage materials. Particular emphasis is on the determination of the structure and thermodynamics of hydrogen storage materials, the investigation of microscopic mechanisms of hydrogen uptake and release in various materials and the role of catalysts in this process. As a team we have decided to focus on a single material, NaAlH{sub 4}, in order to fully be able to study the many aspects of hydrogen storage. We have focused on phase stability, mass transport and size-dependent reaction mechanisms in this material.
Calculating Commutators in Groups

(1976). Calculating Commutators in Groups. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 192-194.
Reflections on Thirty Years of Methodology and the Next Thirty

The author1 is the “dean” of BMS Scientific Committee members and here traces seven different trends in sociological methodology – Big Data Social Science, Longitudinal Data, Comparative Sociology, Social Networks, Inferential Statistics, Survey Methods, Measurement – in contributions of the BMS.
Jamming Efficiency Evaluation Technique Based on State Conversion of Hiding Frame

In communication countermeasure,jamming efficiency accurate evaluation is very important for jamming type optimization.Conventional evaluation technique,bit error rate,becomes limited in the electronic countermeasure experiment for satellite tele-control and tele-measure communication(TTC).Jamming efficiency evaluation method based on state conversion of hiding frame is put forward.The relationship between frame state conversion and bit error rate is analyzed.Its validity and practicability are demonstrated through emulation.This is significant for establishment of jamming efficiency evaluation system in the satellite TTC countermeasure experiment.
MO-F-204-02: Preparing for Part 2 of the ABR Diagnostic Physics Exam

Adequate, efficient preparation for the ABR Diagnostic and Nuclear Medical Physics exams is key to successfully obtain ABR certification. Each part of the ABR exam presents its own challenges: Part I: Determine the scope of basic medical physics study material, efficiently review this material, and solve related written questions/problems. Part II: Understand imaging principles, modalities, and systems, including image acquisition, processing, and display. Understand the relationship between imaging techniques, image quality, patient dose and safety, and solve related written questions/problems. Part III: Gain crucial, practical, clinical medical physics experience. Effectively communicate and explain the practice, performance, and significance of all aspects of clinical medical physics. All parts of the ABR exam require specific skill sets and preparation: mastery of basic physics and imaging principles; written problem solving often involving rapid calculation; responding clearly and succinctly to oral questions about the practice, methods, and significance of clinical medical physics. This symposium focuses on the preparation necessary for each part of the ABR exam. Although there is some overlap, the nuclear exam covers a different body of knowledge than the diagnostic exam. A separate speaker will address those unique aspects of the nuclear exam, and how preparing for a second specialty differs from the first. Medical physicists who recently completed each ABR exam portion will share their experiences, insights, and preparation methods to help attendees best prepare for the challenges of each part of the ABR exam. In accordance with ABR exam security policy, no recalls or exam questions will be discussed. Learning Objectives: 1. How to prepare for Part 1 of the ABR exam by determining the scope of basic medical physics study material and related problem solving/calculations 2. How to prepare for Part 2 of the ABR exam by understanding diagnostic and/or nuclear imaging physics, systems, dosimetry, safety and related problem solving/calculations 3. How to prepare for Part 3 of the ABR exam by effectively communicating the practice, methods, and significance of clinical diagnostic and/or nuclear medical physics.
Hormones, Membranes and Cyclic Nucleotides

This review was prepared while I was on sabbatical leave as Macy Faculty Scholar and Visiting Fellow of Clare Hall in the Department of Zoology at Cambridge University. The research from my laboratory was supported by a research grant from the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases (AM 10149).
Palatal Motion After Primary and Secondary Furlow Palatoplasty.

Importance Indications for Furlow palatoplasty include primary repair of cleft palate as well as secondary repair, or secondary palatoplasty for treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency. Speculation exists surrounding the benefit of secondary Furlow palatoplasty in cases of a previously well-reconstructed palate or a short but otherwise anatomically normal soft palate because it has been theorized that reorientation of a previously reconstructed or normal muscular levator sling should in fact worsen palatal motion. Objective To compare palatal motion following primary and secondary Furlow palatoplasty using footage from postoperative nasopharyngoscopy videos. Design, Setting, and Participants In this retrospective case series, medical records in a database of an urban academic pediatric otolaryngology practice was used to identify patients who had undergone either primary or secondary Furlow palatoplasty. Subjects with adequate postoperative nasopharyngoscopy footage were randomized, and 2 blinded reviewers assessed soft palate motion in each video using an abbreviated version of the Golding-Kushner scale. Main Outcomes and Measures Reviewers' blinded ratings of soft palate motion were quantified using a modified Golding-Kushner scale to generate a mean palatal motion score for each subject (range, 0.0-2.0). Scores of primary and secondary Furlow palatoplasty patients were compared. Results Over a 4-year period, 20 patients with adequate postoperative nasopharyngoscopy footage were identified (12 primary Furlow palatoplasty patients and 8 secondary Furlow palatoplasty patients). Patients consisted of 8 males and 12 females and ranged in age from 12 months to 22 years at the time of postoperative nasopharyngoscopy. Modified Golding-Kushner scores were similar between groups: mean primary group, 1.61 (range, 0.5-2.0); mean secondary group, 1.53 (range, 0.75-2.0); absolute difference in mean, 0.08 (95% CI, 0.00-0.43); effect size, Hedges g , 0.18. There was fair interrater reliability (interclass coefficient, R = 0.45), consistent with prior reports using this scale. No significant difference in postoperative palatal motion scores was identified between primary and secondary palatoplasty groups in this study. Conclusions and Relevance When examined in isolation, postoperative motion of the soft palate appears similar following both primary and secondary Furlow palatoplasty procedures, suggesting that there are no major deleterious effects on palatal motion following secondary Furlow palatoplasty.
Efficient adverse drug event extraction using Twitter sentiment analysis

Extensive clinical trials are required before a drug is placed on the market; yet it is difficult to discover all the side effects for any approved drugs. The United States Food and Drug Administration actively monitors approved medications to identify adverse events. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System contains a database of adverse drug events (ADE) reported by the healthcare providers and consumers. The pervasive online social networks, such as Twitter, can provide additional information ADE. Concurrently, advancements in social media technology have resulted in the booming of massive public data; the availability of these huge datasets offers numerous research opportunities for extracting ADEs. Towards this purpose, in this paper a simple, effective computation pipeline is proposed, which uses simple drug-related classification and sentiment analysis to extract ADEs on Twitter. The pipeline is described in detail, and is implemented into an automatic process. Experiments are carried out based on 4-months of Twitter data collected. Comparing with an existing pipeline, the new design is able to successfully capture 5 times more valid ADEs, among them 20% are new ADEs. The proposed method may be applied to other areas such as food, beverages, and other daily consumer products for identifying side effects and user opinions.
Outcomes after diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in a large autopsy series.

Objective To determine clinical and neuropathological outcomes following a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Data were drawn from a large autopsy series (N = 1,337) of individuals followed longitudinally from normal or MCI status to death, derived from 4 Alzheimer Disease (AD) Centers in the United States. Results Mean follow-up was 7.9 years. Of the 874 individuals ever diagnosed with MCI, final clinical diagnoses were varied: 39.2% died with an MCI diagnosis, 46.8% with a dementia diagnosis, and 13.9% with a diagnosis of intact cognition. The latter group had pathological features resembling those with a final clinical diagnosis of MCI. In terms of non-AD pathologies, both primary age-related tauopathy (p < 0.05) and brain arteriolosclerosis pathology (p < 0.001) were more severe in MCI than cognitively intact controls. Among the group that remained MCI until death, mixed AD neuropathologic changes (ADNC; ≥1 comorbid pathology) were more frequent than “pure” ADNC pathology (55% vs 22%); suspected non-Alzheimer pathology comprised the remaining 22% of cases. A majority (74%) of subjects who died with MCI were without “high”-level ADNC, Lewy body disease, or hippocampal sclerosis pathologies; this group was enriched in cerebrovascular pathologies. Subjects who died with dementia and were without severe neurodegenerative pathologies tended to have cerebrovascular pathology and carry the MCI diagnosis for a longer interval. Interpretation MCI diagnosis usually was associated with comorbid neuropathologies; less than one-quarter of MCI cases showed “pure” AD at autopsy. Ann Neurol 2017;81:549–559
Risk of Aneurysm Residual Regrowth, Recurrence, and de Novo Aneurysm Formation After Microsurgical Clip Occlusion Based on Follow-up with Catheter Angiography

Introduction Established guidelines for radiologic surveillance after microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms are lacking in the literature because of small sample sizes, poor definitions, and heterogeneous use of imaging modalities. We aimed to propose clinically meaningful definitions for postoperative aneurysm residual, recurrence, and de novo aneurysm formation and to analyze our long-term follow-up catheter angiography results in patients with microsurgically treated intracranial aneurysms. Methods A retrospective review of all aneurysms treated microsurgically in a consecutive, single-surgeon series from 1997 to present identified patients with long-term follow-up catheter angiography (>1 year after surgery). Clinical and radiologic data were collected for analysis. Results We identified 240 patients harboring 380 aneurysms (mean follow-up time, 6.0 ± 3.3 years per patient; range, 1.0–16.8 years). Postoperative residuals were present in 16 out of 346 clipped aneurysms (4.6%), of which only 3 were left unintentionally. Two out of 16 residual aneurysms (12.5%) demonstrated regrowth, with a regrowth risk of 2.1% per year from 93.6 patient-years of angiographic follow-up. Of 326 aneurysms with no postoperative residual, 5 (1.5%) demonstrated aneurysm recurrence, with a recurrence risk of 0.26% per year from 1931.9 patient-years of angiographic follow-up. Eight de novo aneurysms were identified in 240 patients (3.3%), with a risk of 0.6% per year from 1441.9 patient-years of angiographic follow-up. Conclusions Microsurgically treated aneurysms have a very low risk of postoperative residuals and aneurysm recurrence. Growth of residuals and de novo aneurysm formation justify following up with catheter angiography 3 to 5 years after microsurgical clipping.
Drug-Induced Pigmentary Changes

Exposure to a variety of pharmacologic agents can result in pigmentary changes involving the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes. Although typically benign, the hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, or dyspigmentation that results can have a profound psychological impact on those affected, particularly in individuals with darker skin (Halder et al., 21:617–628, 2003).
Racial disparities in family-provider interactions for pediatric asthma care.

Objective: Black and Latino children experience significantly worse asthma morbidity than their white peers for multifactorial reasons. This study investigated differences in family-provider intera...
Object-Oriented Modeling of Hardware for Embedded Systems

In this chapter, the application of object-oriented techniques to the modeling and design of hardware for embedded systems is presented. The use of these techniques is an example of cross fertilization from the software domain to the hardware domain. This work brings together several ideas common to both hardware and software, such as state, information hiding, specialization, reuse, families of components, and virtual machines. The potential advantages of object-oriented techniques when applied to hardware design are discussed and illustrated on several examples using C++, which supports user-defined data types and inheritance. It is shown that data decomposition, a decomposition technique based on abstract data types, can be applied recursively to hardware components, supporting complexity management and refinement. A representation that captures this decomposition technique, referred to as the decomposition graph, is also presented.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous gammaglobulin in alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients.

In a placebo-controlled, randomized blinded study, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous gammaglobulin (IV-IgG) in alloimmunized thrombocytopenic patients. IV-IgG was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 5 days. An incompatible platelet transfusion from the same donor was used before and after treatment. Seven patients received IV-IgG and five patients received placebo. Although platelet recovery in 1 to 6 hours was satisfactory in five patients after IV-IgG treatment, 24-hour survival was not improved in most patients. None of the patients receiving the placebo achieved satisfactory 1-hour platelet-corrected count increments (CCIs). By t test, the posttreatment mean values 1 hour after transfusion CCIs in the IV-IgG group were significantly greater than in the control group (8,413 v 1,050, P less than .007). Using a regression model to adjust for any distributional assumptions of the study population, the parameter estimate for IV-IgG treatment was positive, indicating that IV-IgG treatment is associated with higher CCIs. Although IV-IgG may improve 1-hour platelet recovery, clinical benefit was not demonstrated since 24-hour survival was not improved. IV-IgG treatment before unmatched platelet transfusions should not be considered as a replacement for HLA-compatible platelets in alloimmunized patients.
Introduction to Wald (1949) Statistical Decision Functions

Abraham Wald was born on October 31, 1902 in Cluj, one of the main cities of Transylvania, which at the time belonged to Hungary. The official language was Hungarian, but the population was mixed, containing substantial numbers of Romanian, German, and Jewish inhabitants, as well as Hungarians. As a result, much of the population spoke more than one language, and the Jewish families used Yiddish as well as Hungarian. Wald’s family would not allow their children to attend school on Saturday, the Jewish sabbath, and as a result, Wald was educated at home until he attended the local university, where the language of instruction was Hungarian. After graduating from the local university, he entered the University of Vienna in 1927 and received his Ph.D. in mathematics in 1931. His first research interest was in geometry, and he published 21 papers in that area between 1931 and 1937. Austria was in turmoil during much of this period as a result of Nazi agitation, and it was impossible for Wald, as a Jewish noncitizen, to obtain any academic appointment. He supported himself by tutoring a prominent Viennese banker and economist, Karl Schlesinger, in mathematics. As a result of this, Wald became interested in economics and econometrics, and published several papers and a monograph on these subjects. His first exposure to statistical theory was a natural result of his work on econometrics. Because of his publications in econometrics, Wald was invited to become a Fellow of the Cowles Commission and arrived in the United States in the summer of 1938. This invitation from the Cowles Commission saved Wald’s life, for almost the whole of his family in Europe perished during the Holocaust. In the fall of 1938, Wald became a fellow of the Carnegie Corporation and started to study statistics at Columbia University with Harold Hotelling. Wald stayed at Columbia as a Fellow of the Carnegie Corporation until 1941, lecturing during the academic year 1939-40. In 1941, he joined the Columbia faculty and remained a member of that faculty for the rest of his life. During the war years, he was also a member of the Statistics Research Group at Columbia, doing research related to the war effort. In late 1950, Wald was giving a series of lectures in India at the invitation of the Indian government. On December 13, 1950, he and his wife were killed when their airplane crashed.
DMP1 is essential for osteocyte formation and function.

DMP1 is an acidic phosphorylated extracellular matrix protein that was originally identified from a rat incisor cDNA library and thought to have a primary function in regulation of dentinogenesis 1 . DMP1 shares similar sequence, biochemical, and genomic DNA organizational properties with a family of proteins, called SIBLINGs for Small; Integrin-Binding LIgand, N-linked Glycoprotein. The members of this family include bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE). All of these family members contain an RGD sequence for integrin binding and can bind to hydroxyapatite 2,3 . BSP, OPN and DMP1 can also bridge complement Factor H to cell surface receptors, an alternative complement pathway in order to prevent cell lysis 2,3 . OPN and DMP1 4 have been demonstrated to bind to CD44, a membrane bound protein thought to interact with the ERM (ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of adapter proteins that link to actin in the cytoskeleton. Our recent observations on the expression pattern of DMP1 and of the phenotype in mice lacking the DMP1 gene underscore the critical importance of DMP1 in osteocyte function. These findings include: 1) although DMP1 is expressed in all tissues that undergo mineralization, its expression in osteocytes is much higher than in any other cell type as determined by in situ hybridization, lac Z knock-in expression, and immunostaining; 2) by immunostaining, DMP1 appears to be highly abundant in the dendritic processes of osteocytes and by immuno-EM appears to be localized on the canalicular walls along the lamina limitans; 3) a dramatic increase in DMP1 expression is observed in osteocytes in response to mechanical loading both in vitro and in vivo; 4) DMP1 null mice show major abnormalities in osteocyte morphology, with a 2-fold increase in lacunar size, abnormal "buckling" of the membrane surface of the dendrites, loss of integrity of the lamina limitans and obliteration of the canalicular space; 5) DMP1 null mice show a severe impairment in mineralization, with patchy and poorly organized mineral and an apparent delay in the transition from osteoblasts to osteocytes; 6) mechanical loading of the ulna from DMP1 null mice at 60 Hz produces strains 1.7 times higher than the strains in wild type and heterozygous littermates, indicating a significant change in the material (elastic moduli) and/or structural (stiffness) properties of the bones; and 7) a further striking observation in these mice is the progressive change in the skeletal properties with age with bony protrusions forming over time, appearing primarily at sites of muscle insertion, suggesting an abnormal response to mechanical loading in postnatal animals. We propose that osteocytes in the DMP1 null mice exist in a hyperstimulated state, due to the mechanically compromised skeleton in these mice and that the formation of abnormal
Interaction of IGF with the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Postnatal growth, regulated by pituitary growth hormone, and mediated by IGF-I, is controlled by the central nervous system. The mechanisms underlying the regulation of this system are under intense study in many laboratories. By analogy with other pituitary hormones, GH secretion may be controlled by negative feedback, either by GH itself, or by the IGFs produced in diverse tissues in response to GH.1 This feedback signal may be received by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, or possibly by higher brain centers. Responses to these regulatory signals would necessarily require mediation by specific receptors for IGFs. Such receptors have been localized and characterized within both the hypothalamus and pituitary gland; the results of these studies are reviewed herein.
Disparities and Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation and Outcomes

Background: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy is an increasingly viable alternative for patients who are not candidates for heart transplantation or who are waiting for a suitable donor...
Generating Gray codes for weak orders in constant amortized time

Abstract A weak order is a way to rank n objects where ties are allowed. In this paper, we develop a generic framework to generate Gray codes for weak orders. We then describe a simple algorithm based on the framework that generates cyclic 2-Gray codes for weak orders in constant amortized time per string. This is the first known cyclic 2-Gray codes for weak orders. The framework can easily be modified to generate other Gray codes for weak orders. We provide an example of using the framework to generate the first shift Gray codes for weak orders in constant amortized time per string, where consecutive strings differ by a shift or a symbol change.
Temporal Resource (Dis)continuity for Conservation Biological Control: From Field to Landscape Scales

Conservation biological control (CBC) seeks to promote the occurrence of natural enemies of agricultural pests by managing habitat to provide key resources in and around farm fields. In particular, vegetation diversity may help ensure temporal resource continuity such that natural enemies are less likely to experience detrimental gaps or bottlenecks as they move through and use different habitats. While the conceptual value of resource continuity has long been recognized by CBC researchers and practitioners, empirical studies have tended to focus on snapshots in space and time. Here we review how continuity of trophic (food) and structural (shelter) resources affect natural enemy conservation and pest control outcomes within farm fields and across agricultural landscapes. Key trophic resources include alternative prey and non-prey food (such as floral nectar and pollen), which can bolster natural enemy nutrition when pests are scarce. Vegetative and non-vegetative structural resources can protect enemies when crop fields are disturbed and provide important overwintering habitat in temperate regions. Within fields, non-crop plantings such as wildflower strips or beetle banks are the most popular habitat management strategies, but temporal intercropping, asynchronous planting/harvesting, and the construction of artificial shelters have high potential to contribute to resource continuity. Analogously, semi-natural habitat at the landscape scale may contribute to resource continuity in some cases, but crop diversity, asynchrony, and urban habitat can also be important. Simultaneous consideration of resource diversity and continuity could generate better predictions and more targeted management interventions for particular pest and enemy assemblages. Future research should strive to expand our understanding of natural enemy resource requirements in space and time.
Animal Welfare, Animal Rights, Agriculture, and Veterinary Medicine:

Many of you have been exposed to the idea of a clear dichotomy between animal welfare and animal rights, with animal rights being the perspective of radicals; extremists, and vegetarians alone, and animal welfare being the acceptable moderate and mainstream position. I want to suggest to you that this is greatly oversimplified, and that, while many extremists do identify themseleved with animal rights, a version of animal rights philosophy, which I will outline today, is becoming the mainstream approach to social thought about animals. According to a recent Parents Magazine survey, for example, over 80% of the public believes that animals have rights. Congress gets more letters on animal welfare/rights issues than any other issue. Thus you need to understand and assess for yourselves the thinking implicit in this new idea, not simply dismiss it out of hand.
The Global Comes Home: Teaching Social Work Students How to Attend to the Realities and Needs of Latinx Immigrants.

Social workers are called upon and expected to work with immigrants in culturally appropriate ways, particularly during a time of increased xenophobia. Yet, few are given the educational tools nece...
The Rise of Endovascular Mechanical Circulatory Support Use for Cardiogenic Shock and High Risk Coronary Intervention: Considerations and Challenges.

Introduction: Cardiogenic shock due to acute myocardial infarction and decompensated advanced heart failure remains a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Endovascular mechanical circulatory support devices including intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (Impella and Tandemheart pumps), and veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation (VA-ECMO) are utilized for a broadening range of indications.Areas covered: This narrative review explores the specific devices, their distinctive hemodynamic profiles, and practical considerations. Furthermore, reviewed are the trials evaluating device outcomes which have generated significant controversy within the field of heart failure and shock. New applications and future directions are discussed.Expert opinion: Use of endovascular mechanical circulatory support has increased over the last decade, though evidence supporting their use is lacking. Development of large-scale prospective registries and clinical classification systems will facilitate patient enrollment and inform trial design. Furthermore, expansion of indications for these devices is revolutionizing how the field of heart failure and cardiogenic shock thinks about hemodynamic support. The ability to tailor therapy to a patient's specific hemodynamic profile appears to be the future of cardiogenic shock management.
Self-radiography of imploded shells on OMEGA based on additive-free multi-monochromatic continuum spectral analysis

Radiographs of pure-DT cryogenic imploding shells provide critical validation of progress toward ignition-scalable performance of inertial confinement fusion implosions [J. Nuckolls et al., Nature 239, 139 (1972)]. Cryogenic implosions on the OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] can be self-radiographed by their own core spectral emission near ≈2 keV. Utilizing the distinct spectral dependences of continuum emissivity and opacity, the projected optical-thickness distribution of imploded shells, i.e., the shell radiograph, can be distinguished from the structure of the core emission distribution in images. Importantly, this can be done without relying on spectral additives (shell dopants), as in previous applications of implosion self-radiography [V. A. Smalyuk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 155002 (2001); L. A. Pickworth et al., ibid. 117, 035001 (2016)]. Demonstrations with simulated data show that this technique is remarkably well-suited to cryogenic implosions and can also be applied to self-radiography of imploded room-temperature CH shells at higher spectral energy (hv ≈ 3–5 keV) based on the very similar continuum spectrum of carbon. Experimental demonstration of additive-free self-radiography with warm CH shell implosions on OMEGA will provide an important proof of principle for future applications to cryogenic DT implosions.
A comprehensive dataset of microRNA misexpression phenotypes in the Drosophila eye

Abstract microRNAs (miRNAs) are a broad class of ~22 nucleotide regulatory RNA, which collectively have broad effects on the transcriptome and are involved in diverse biology, from development and adult physiology, and from homeostasis to disease and pathology. We investigated the effects of systematically expressing microRNAs (miRNAs) during the development of the Drosophila compound eye using the GMR-Gal4 driver. The objective was to determine what fraction of miRNAs were capable of inducing aberrant morphology that was easily and reproducibly scored by visual inspection under a dissecting microscope. We assayed multiple independent insertions of 166 miRNA transgenes (536 lines), comprising solo miRNAs, miRNA operons and individual constituent miRNAs from operons. We find a substantial number reproducibly altered normal eye development and a smaller number induced lethality in most or all progeny. We provide the comprehensive results of this screen, documenting numerous miRNA transgenes that interfered with normal eye development when activated using GMR-Gal4. These data can be mined by the Drosophila community to query the in vivo effects of any individual miRNA of interest in the eye, as well as utilized as a foundation for more complex genetic perturbations that involve miRNA misexpression in the eye.
La reconstrucción de la prehistoria amazónico: Algunas consideraciones teóricas

Este articulo tiene por objeto, en un contexto geografico mas amplio, comentar alguna de las evidencias linguisticas y arqueologicas y discutir ciertas consideraciones culturales y ambientales, que deben ser consideradas en cualquier esfuerzo para la reconstruccion del pasado del hombre en la Amazonia. Como los datos en todos los campos son aun minimos, las reconstrucciones que siguen seran reconocidas como hipoteticas. Representan esfuerzos para demostrar la utilidad de la cooperacion interdisciplinar en la conceptualizacion de problemas analiticos que puedan servir como estimulo para investigaciones en esta fascinante porcion del continente.
The Athlete's Foot and Ankle: Osteochondral Lesion of the Talus

Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) are common injuries among athletes who experience acute ankle sprains, chronic ankle instability, or ankle fracture. Such lesions often cause athletes lasting pain and disability that can limit their participation in sport. It is unclear which of these lesions will become symptomatic, however those with persistent symptoms may be indicated for operative management given the limited ability of cartilage to regenerate. In the case of the athlete, an expectation of high physical function must factor into this decision-making alongside the postoperative recovery period. This article will briefly describe the wide range of surgical options available for treating OLTs and their respective indications. It will go on to elaborate on the author's preferred operative techniques for athletic patients and their associated outcomes. For small lesions, the author favors arthroscopic treatment involving debridement and placement of an extracellular matrix mixed with bone marrow aspirate concentrate. For larger or cystic lesions, osteochondral autograft transplantation is typically preferred.
ACTS Battery and Solar Array Assembly On-Orbit Measured Performance

The Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) is a NASA experimental communications satellite system designed to demonstrate on-orbit Ka-band communications and switching technologies that will be used by NASA and the commercial sector in the 21st century. The ACTS was launched on September 12, 1993, and has performed over 10 years of successful experimental operations. The purpose of this report is to describe the ACTS power subsystem and the ACTS solar array and battery assemblies located within the power subsystem and then to document on-orbit measured performance from launch to mission end on April 28, 2004. Solar array and battery performance data is presented, and respective conclusions are drawn. The total solar array power available to the spacecraft was measured each year at the same time, and battery voltage performance was measured twice per year at the same times during peak solar eclipse. At the highest spacecraft power demand, the ACTS uses approximately 1113 W of electrical power during the low-burstrate experiment to operate all six satellite subsystems. After 10 years of on-orbit operation, solar array available output power normal to the Sun measured 1508 W, which represents 395 W of excess margin. The ACTS batteries have successfully supported the ACTS experiment program for over 10 years and operated in excess of 900 charge and discharge cycles through 21 eclipse seasons.
Stalagmite records of hydroclimate in central California during termination 1

Abstract The last deglaciation is marked by large and abrupt hydroclimatic changes in the Great Basin and the American Southwest. However, comparatively little is known about how hydroclimate varied on the western side of the Sierra Nevada. We present new evidence for abrupt changes in precipitation amount in the central Sierra Nevada during the last deglaciation. Our new record from McLean's Cave overlaps with a previously published record from nearby Moaning Cave ( Oster et al., 2009 ), and extends the record of hydroclimatic change in the region through Heinrich Stadial 1. McLean's Cave speleothem δ18O, δ13C, Mg/Ca, and Sr/Ca indicate a shift to drier conditions at the beginning of Heinrich Stadial 1 from 16.1 to 17.5 ka followed by wetter conditions at the end of Heinrich Stadial 1 when the majority of Great Basin lakes reached their deglacial highstands. During the last deglaciation, coincident shifts in the Moaning and McLean's Cave proxy records indicate drier conditions in the western Sierra Nevada during millennial-scale intervals of warming at high latitudes such as the Bolling and Allerod, and wetter conditions during cooler intervals such as the Older and Younger Dryas. Thus, the Sierra Nevada speleothem records are consistent with other regional records that document increased winter rainfall during millennial-scale cold periods of the last deglaciation. However, regional differences exist in the hydroclimatic response to the Younger Dryas, with central Californian and interior southwestern sites indicating an increase in winter storms that is not apparent in southern California. Dynamic simulations of atmospheric circulation indicate that wetter conditions during the Younger Dryas relative to the Bolling at McLean's Cave may have resulted from a stronger storm track in the north Pacific at the latitude of northern California.
A determination of the toroidal k‐metacyclic groups

Kronecker studied a class of groups 〈p, p - 1, r〉, whose commutator subgroups are prime cyclic of order p, and whose commutator quotient groups are cyclic of order p - 1. These are now commonly called the K-metacyclic groups. It follows from the classical work of Maschke that none of the K-metacyclic groups except 〈3, 2, 2〉 has a planar Cayley graph. It is proved here that only for p = 5 and p = 7 is a K-metacyclic group 〈p, p - 1, r〉 toroidal. To achieve this result, this paper develops a methodology for using Proulx's classification of toroidal groups by presentation to determine whether an explicitly given group is toroidal.
A novel non-parametric method for blind identification of STBC codes

In this paper, a method for blind identification of linear space-time block codes is presented. This relies on a binary tree for decision making, with features based on the empirical cumulative distribution functions of received signal statistics employed at each node. The proposed method avoids estimation of the channel and noise statistics, and modulation format, and is robust to the carrier frequency offset. Simulation results show that when compared with the existing methods, such as the fourth-order lag product and second-order cyclostationarity-based methods, the proposed non-parametric method exhibits a superior performance.
Ancestral Genetic Resources Provide an Alternative to GMO Crops

Concern about the effects of pesticides on human health and the environment, has been a major rationale for pro- moting transgenic crops, often referred to as genetically modiﬁed organisms (GMOs), or as genetically enhanced (GE) crops. Companies that sell genetically engineered crop plants claim that biotechnology offers a safe alterna- tive to agricultural chemicals and is necessary to feed the world’s expanding human population. However, there are still many unknowns about the safety of GMOs for human health and the environment, and virtually nothing is known about how the genomes of organisms may be affected by horizontal transfer of alien genes into plants, animals, and even humans. An alternative approach to transgen- ic technology is the exploitation of beneﬁcial genes from wild relatives of crop plants using conventional breeding methods. This paper describes how genetic engineering differs from conventional plant breeding, then compares and contrasts beneﬁts from transgenic engineering with traditional methods of crop improvement. An example of how the ancestral genes model has been employed to im- part an insect resistance trait to corn based on native re- sistance from a wild relative is compared to transgenic corn with resistance to the same insect engineered with a transgene from a bacterium. Using the ancestral genes approach, harmful chemicals used to control the worst in- sect pest of corn can be eliminated with no consequenc- es to human health or the environment; whereas with the transgenic approach, there are many safety concerns in both arenas.
The Role of Partisan Context and Dynamics in Campaign Issue Emphases

Election campaigns are dynamic political events during which candidates vie to control the information environment, thus defining the considerations that voters will face when before they cast a ballot. Much of the extant research focuses on the ways in which campaigns affect voters, significantly less research has explored the ways in which candidates interact with each other during campaigns. Even less research has examined candidate interaction as a dynamic process. I argue that candidates will shape their issue emphases based in part on the emphases of their opponents when an election is competitive. I offer two competing theories of candidate issue emphases in noncompetitive elections. I further argue that the partisan political context in which the campaign occurs will also affect issue emphases. I test my theory of candidate interaction and context using weekly advertising data from 38 Senate campaigns in 2002 and 2004. I find that the issue emphases of candidates converge in competitive elections and diverge in noncompetitive elections. I find limited support for any kind of partisan contextual effects.
Effects of oral eicosapentaenoic acid versus docosahexaenoic acid on human peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression.

Abstract Objective Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have beneficial effects on inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our aim was to assess the effect of a six-week supplementation with either olive oil, EPA, or DHA on gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Methods Subjects were sampled at baseline and six weeks after receiving either: olive oil 6.0 g/day (n = 16), EPA 1.8 g/day (n = 16), or DHA 1.8 g/day (n = 18). PBMC were subjected to gene expression analysis by microarray with key findings confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Results Plasma phospholipid EPA increased 3 fold in the EPA group, and DHA increased 63% in the DHA group (both p CREB1 ), as well as many other individual genes including hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit ( HIF1A ). The findings for CREB1 and HIF1A were confirmed by Q-PCR analysis. Conclusions Our data indicate that EPA supplementation was associated with significant effects on gene expression involving the interferon pathway as well as down-regulation of CREB1 and HIF1A , which may relate to its beneficial effect on CVD risk reduction.
Spectrum estimation via maximum likelihood estimation of Toeplitz constrained covariances

The authors apply the maximum-likelihood (ML) method to the estimation of Toeplitz constrained covariances from Gaussian processes. An iterative expectation-maximization algorithm is used to generate the maximizers, and performance results are shown, demonstrating the superior mean-squared error properties of the ML estimator to conventional covariance estimates. >
Involvement of glutamate in memory formation.

It was postulated that glutamate released during neuronal activity is involved in the mechanism of memory. This amino acid causes, by an increase in sodium permeability of plasma membrane of dendritic elements, an uptake of sodium chloride and water. The resulting decrease of the length resistance especially of dendritic spines would enhance the likelihood of discharge of the neurons when synapses situated on such spines are activated.l-Proline andl-glutamine suppress this effect of glutamate. The intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of proline in recently hatched chicks markedly impaired the retention 45 min after the training (short term memory) in a one-trial conditioning procedure. The administration of glutamine had a similar effect.l-Isoleucine, which does not affect the glutamate response of dendritic elements, did not affect the retention.l-Proline in the concentrations used had no marked effect on the behavior of the chicks nor on their electroencephalogram. In an injection schedule which affected the short term memory a concentration of 0.74 mM/kg ofl-proline was found in the brain.
Effects of pH, buffers, carnosine, histidine, and β-alanine on the shortening of glycerol-treated muscle fibers

Abstract It has been shown that carnosine and histidine are markedly more effective than K+ in accelerating ATP-induced shortening of glycerol-treated rabbit psoas muscle fiber. This holds with or without Mg++ being present in the solutions. All tests were carried out at pH 8 after determining that pH 8–9 is an optimal range for ATP-induced contraction of this muscular model. Some buffers, particularly tris and maleate, are also effective potentiators for ATP-induced contraction.
Anaphora resolution in biomedical literature: a hybrid approach

While traditional work on anaphora resolution has focused on resolving anaphors in newspaper and newswire articles, the surge of interest in biomedical natural language processing in recent years has stimulated work on anaphora resolution in biomedical texts. Existing anaphora resolvers, whether applied to the biomedical domain or not, have adopted either a learning-based or a rule-based approach. We hypothesize that both approaches have their unique strengths, and propose in this paper a hybrid approach to anaphora resolution in biomedical texts that aims to combine their strengths. Our hybrid approach achieves an F-score of 60.9 on the BioNLP-2011 coreference dataset, which to our knowledge is the best result reported to date on this dataset.
LIVER REGENERATION FOLLOWING PARTIAL HEPATECTOMY AND STIMULATION BY HEPATIC STIMULATORY SUBSTANCE IN CIRRHOTIC AND NON-CIRRHOTIC RATS

The effects of hepatic stimulatory substance (HSS) on cirrhotic and noncirrhotic rats were studied after 70% partial hepatectomy. Liver cirrhosis was produced by weekly intragastric infusion of chloroform for 12–16 weeks. The HSS was prepared by extraction from the livers of weanling mice. Rats in the experimental group were injected with 5 ml HSS after 70% partial hepatectomy, and those in the control group received normal saline. The results showed that the3H-thymidine incorporation was higher in the HSS group 24 h after partial hepatectomy in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic rats, and persistently higher in the non-cirrhotic rats at 48h. Total DNA was significantly higher in the HSS group of non-cirrhotic rats 24 and 48 h after partial hepatectomy. The restituted liver volume and weight was significantly higher in non-cirrhotic rats 48 h after partial hepatectomy, while there was no significant difference between the HSS and the control groups in the cirrhotic rats. The HSS induced significant effects on3H-thymidine incorporation in the non-cirrhotic liver, resulting in increasing liver weight, volume and total DNA 48 h after partial hepatectomy. In cirrhotic rats, the3H-thymidine incorporation was higher in the HSS group at 24 h after partial hepatectomy, though not showing any increase at 48 h, but the regeneration of liver weight, volume and total DNA at 48 h showed no difference between the HSS group and the control group.
Shared-reading dynamics: mothers' question use and the verbal participation of children with specific language impairment.

Purpose In this study, the authors used sequential analysis to explore bidirectional and dynamic dependencies between mothers' question use and children’s verbal participation during shared reading...