cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract P218: Role of Metabolic Biomarkers in Early Detection of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in West Virginian Population

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a significant risk factor for heart failure. With the increasing global prevalence of diabetes, diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a significant public health issue. Elevated levels of Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is an early-stage biomarker in DCM but studies are lacking on the association between IGFBP7 and DCM. Most patients with DCM remain asymptomatic until late-stage disease, therefore it becomes of utmost importance to identify biomarkers to detect early stage of DCM. The aim of this study is to determine if IGFBP7 and other biomarkers can detect the onset of preclinical DCM relative to echocardiographic irregularities exhibiting diastolic dysfunction. Methods: Eighty patients were grouped equally into four categories based on predetermined clinical diabetic and cardiac parameters: Normal, Diabetes (DM), Diastolic Heart Failure (DHF) , and DM+DHF, the last group being the preclinical DCM group. Results: Echocardiography images indicated severe diastolic dysfunction in patients with DHF + DM as compared to DHF patients alone. In the DM and DM+DHF groups, IL-6, TNF-alpha, isoprostane, and leptin were elevated compared to the control, as were clinical markers HDL, glucose and hemoglobin A1C. More importantly fibrotic markers IGFBP7 and TGF-β followed the same trend . The Normal group showed higher levels of beneficial biomarkers adiponectin and bilirubin, which were reduced in the DM and DM+DHF groups. Conclusion: This novel study demonstrates that West Virginia patients with early onset DCM were more likely to have elevated levels of detrimental biomarkers, including IGFBP7 and TGF- β, indicating potential diastolic dysfunction. The present study provides new and exciting evidence supporting the potential clinical applications of using IGFBP7 and other biomarkers in diagnosing early stage DCM in the West Virginia population.
Development of the SoFAS (Solid Fats and Added Sugars) Concept: The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans

The diets of most US children and adults are poor, as reflected by low diet quality scores, when compared with the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGAs). Contributing to these low scores is that most Americans overconsume solid fats, which may contain saturated fatty acids and added sugars; although alcohol consumption was generally modest, it provided few nutrients. Thus, the 2005 DGAs generated a new recommendation: to reduce intakes of solid fats, alcohol, and added sugars (SoFAAS). What precipitated the emergence of the new SoFAAS terminology was the concept of discretionary calories (a "calorie" is defined as the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C), which were defined as calories consumed after an individual had met his or her recommended nutrient intakes while consuming fewer calories than the daily recommendation. A limitation with this concept was that additional amounts of nutrient-dense foods consumed beyond the recommended amount were also considered discretionary calories. The rationale for this was that if nutrient-dense foods were consumed beyond recommended amounts, after total energy intake was met then this constituted excess energy intake. In the 2010 DGAs, the terminology was changed to solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS); thus, alcohol was excluded because it made a minor contribution to overall intake and did not apply to children. The SoFAS terminology also negated nutrient-dense foods that were consumed in amounts above the recommendations for the specific food groups in the food patterns. The ambiguous SoFAS terminology was later changed to "empty calories" to reflect only those calories from solid fats and added sugars (and alcohol if consumed beyond moderate amounts). The purpose of this review is to provide an historical perspective on how the dietary recommendations went from SoFAAS to SoFAS and how discretionary calories went to empty calories between the 2005 and 2010 DGAs. This information will provide practitioners, as well as the public, with valuable information to better understand the evolution of SoFAS over time.
Genetics and Therapeutics in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: the Past, Present and Future

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting disease with significant phenotypic and genotypic variability. Though more common in adults, UC is being increasingly diagnosed in childhood. The subsequent lifelong course of disease results in challenges for the patient and physician. Currently, there is no medical cure for UC. Even though surgical removal of the colon can be curative, complications including infertility in females make colectomy an option often considered only when the disease presents with life-threatening complications or when medical management fails. One of the greatest challenges the clinician faces in the care of patients with UC is the inability to predict at diagnosis which patient is going to respond to a specific therapy or will eventually require surgery. This therapeutic conundrum frames the discussion to follow, specifically the concept of individualized or personalized treatment strategies based on genetic risk factors. As we move to therapeutics, we will elucidate traditional approaches and discuss known and novel agents. As we look to the future, we can expect increasing integrated approaches using several scientific disciplines to inform how genetic interactions shape and mold the pathogenesis and therapeutics of UC.
Angular distributions for two-photon double ionization of lithium

We present angular distributions for two-photon double ionization of lithium at photon energies of 50 eV ($\ensuremath{\lambda}$ $=$ 25 nm) and 59 eV ($\ensuremath{\lambda}$ $=$ 21 nm). The results are obtained from full-dimensional solution of the two-active-electron time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation using the time-dependent close-coupling method. We investigate two different double ionization mechanisms. First, we consider direct double ionization of the Li ground state following the absorption of two photons. Secondly, we consider an initial photoexcitation of the $1s2s2p$ doubly excited state, followed by photoionization of the $2s$ and $2p$ electrons. We find significant differences between the angular distributions obtained for these two distinct processes. We also compare the characteristics of the angular distributions for Li with those of other two-electron atoms.
Magnetoresistance and Hall Effect Near the Metal-Insulator Transition of Cd1-xMnxSe

A large magnetoresistance was observed in n-type Cd l-x Mn x Se (x ≤ 0.10) at low temperatures. The concomitant changes in the Half coefficient as a function of H were also studied. These magnetotransport effects are caused by the s-d interaction. Some specific magnetoresistance mechanisms are discussed. The most likely dominant mechanisms are related to the giant spin splitting of the conduction band.
The Life History and Description of Phylloxera caryaecaulis1 on Shagbark Hickory

Phylloxera caryaecaulis (Fitch) forms large (5-25 mm) galls on leaves and petioles of shagbark hickory, Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch. Life cycle studies were conducted in 1974 on heavily infested trees in West Lafayette, Indiana. Fundatrices began hatching ca. Apr. 18 in 1974. The fundatrix has 2 nymphal stadia lasting a total of 18 days. Eggs deposited by the fundatrix hatch in 6 days and become the alate form. The nymphs of the alate form pass through 3 stadia in 15 days. Alates disperse from galls which began splitting open on May 29. The nymphal stadia of the fundatrix and alate forms are identified by using antennal characteristics. Eggs deposited on leaves by alates develop into the sexuales. Sixty-five- 77% of the eggs became male sexuales. By June 19, each female had deposited one overwintering egg. Analyses of overwintering egg development show a linear relationship between development and temperature.
Enhancing and Promoting the direction and actual effect of Marxism Theory and Ideological cultivation Teaching

This paper came from the project about teaching reform of"Maxism heory and Ideological Cultiva- tion"based on the key subjects from GuiZhou Provincial ducation Department during 2005.After sampling sur- vey on the"Maxism Theory and Ideological Cultivation"construction in some typical colleges of Guizhou,most of the achievements was affirmed,the main problems existed was found out,and some uggestions of promoting and enhancing was offered.
The published situation of immune prevention related papers among district and county centers for disease control and prevention in Beijing from 2009 to May 2013

[Objective]To compare the published number of immune prevention related papers in 18 district and county of Beijing,analyze the characteristics of the published papers,provide reference and direction for future publishing papers. [Methods] The CNKI China journal full-text database( web search) and Wanfang medical online of library in Capital Medical University were as data source,the published situation of immune prevention related papers in 18 district and county of Beijing from 2009-2013 were analyzed by the literature metrology principle and mathematical statistics methods. [Results]From 2009 to May 2013,there were212 planned immunization related papers published in 18 districts and counties CDC,in which book type papers accounted for65. 57%,vaccine related diseases papers accounted for 53. 77%,core periodicals accounted for 53. 77%. [Conclusion]It is not balance of published papers between different districts and counties,and the paper quality and published interval have a large room to improve.
Consumers’ Role in Value Co-creation Through Participation and Knowledge: A Healthcare Perspective

Previous studies have only focused on consumer participation as part of the consumers’ role in engaging in service delivery. Yet, what is unknown is whether the level of resources or knowledge and skills across services, customers and situations influence the co-creation of the consumer. From a service-dominant logic perspective, the purpose of this research is to expand the literature on consumers’ role in service delivery by exploring value co-creation in low versus high knowledge context in healthcare experiences. As a co-creator of value (Vargo and Lusch 2008), the author proposes that the higher the level of participation and level of operant resources a consumer contributes, the higher degree of value co-creation. Thus, a theoretical framework is put forth for value co-creation in low versus high knowledge situations with the level of participation and operant resources of a consumer.
Abstract 681: Using a genome-editing approach for the stepwise establishment of zebrafish models of pediatric high-grade gliomas and MPNSTs

By high-throughput sequencing of cancer patient9s genomes, driver mutations have recently been described in high-grade pediatric glioma, an aggressive type of brain tumor in children. The most prominent recurrent mutations were found in four genes, namely NF1, TP53, ATRX and H3F3A. NF1 and TP53 are tumor suppressor genes and their loss of function is characteristic for various human malignancies. However, the mechanisms through which precise missense mutations in H3F3A and loss-of-function of ATRX influence tumor biology remain largely unknown. In our project, we employ the genome-editing technology CRISPR-Cas9 to develop a zebrafish model of pediatric high-grade glioma, in order to examine the impact of these mutations on tumor onset and progression. We previously created a zebrafish line that is deficient for tp53 (tp53-/-) and has a loss-of-function mutation in 3 of 4 alleles of nf1 (nf1a+/-, nf1b-/-), which is duplicated in zebrafish. These fish develop high-grade gliomas with low penetrance and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) with high penetrance. By CRISPR-Cas9 we further incorporated early frameshift mutations of atrx in the background of tp53-/-, nf1a+/-, nf1b-/-. All analyzed fish injected with Cas9-mRNA and CRISPR guide-RNAs (gRNAs) targeting atrx coding sequences showed germline transmission of mutant alleles, of which one third were frameshift mutations. Primary CRISPR-Cas9 atrx-gRNA injected tp53-/-, nf1a+/-, nf1b-/- fertilized eggs developed as mosaics and exhibited increased tumor penetrance and faster onset of MPNSTs and these tumors harbored atrx mutations in 8/10 analyzed samples. This indicates that atrx loss-of-function mutations cooperate with loss of tp53 and nf1 tumor suppressors. Gliomas were not observed in mosaic atrx mutated fish, and these will be reanalyzed in stable atrx mutant lines. Next, we will add previously described missense mutations of h3f3a. To unravel the synergy between oncogenic mutations in atrx and h3f3a in tumor progression, mutant stable lines for both genes will be investigated independently and in a combined manner. The zebrafish model of pediatric high-grade gliomas and MPNSTs that we are developing will be useful to dissect the mechanisms underlying cooperation among driver mutations and for small molecule screens to identify specific inhibitors of cell growth and survival in these malignancies. Citation Format: Felix Oppel, Shuning He, Ting Tao, Mark W. Zimmerman, Adam D. Durbin, Nina Weichert, Dong H. Ki, A Thomas Look. Using a genome-editing approach for the stepwise establishment of zebrafish models of pediatric high-grade gliomas and MPNSTs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 681.
Raman spectra and DFT calculations for tetraterpene hydrocarbons from the L race of the green microalga Botryococcus braunii

Abstract The green microalga Botryococcus braunii produces large amounts of liquid hydrocarbons that can be used as a renewable source for producing transportation fuels. In the L race of B. braunii the tetraterpene known as lycopadiene accumulates as the main hydrocarbon. Lycopadiene biosynthesis begins with the production of the eight carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) containing molecule lycopaoctaene, which is reduced to lycopadiene through four intermediates containing less C=C bonds. While the biosynthetic pathway for these hydrocarbons has recently been deciphered, a spectroscopic understanding of the molecular structure for these molecules remains to be reported. Here we describe the vibrational frequency assignments for all six L race hydrocarbons using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, showing that these molecules have between 312 and 348 vibrational frequencies. Experimental Raman spectroscopy analysis shows the regions for ν(C=C) stretch and CH2/CH3 bending vibrations offer unique spectral signatures allowing for the differentiation of several of the hydrocarbons from each other.
Validation of the Total Visual Acuity Extraction Algorithm (TOVA) for Automated Extraction of Visual Acuity Data From Free Text, Unstructured Clinical Records.

PURPOSE With increasing volumes of electronic health record data, algorithm-driven extraction may aid manual extraction. Visual acuity often is extracted manually in vision research. The total visual acuity extraction algorithm (TOVA) is presented and validated for automated extraction of visual acuity from free text, unstructured clinical notes. METHODS Consecutive inpatient ophthalmology notes over an 8-year period from the University of Washington healthcare system in Seattle, WA were used for validation of TOVA. The total visual acuity extraction algorithm applied natural language processing to recognize Snellen visual acuity in free text notes and assign laterality. The best corrected measurement was determined for each eye and converted to logMAR. The algorithm was validated against manual extraction of a subset of notes. RESULTS A total of 6266 clinical records were obtained giving 12,452 data points. In a subset of 644 validated notes, comparison of manually extracted data versus TOVA output showed 95% concordance. Interrater reliability testing gave κ statistics of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.99), 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94-0.98), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98), and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90-0.98) for acuity numerators, denominators, adjustments, and signs, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.983. Linear regression showed an R2 of 0.966 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The total visual acuity extraction algorithm is a novel tool for extraction of visual acuity from free text, unstructured clinical notes and provides an open source method of data extraction. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE Automated visual acuity extraction through natural language processing can be a valuable tool for data extraction from free text ophthalmology notes.
Jazzed: Digitizing a Jazz Collection

Private jazz collections offer unique research opportunities for students and scholars. Collectors gather specific recordings that reflect their interests and tastes, and a particular time in history. The Colorado State University Libraries' Charles W. Brown Jazz Collection is a private collection of jazz recordings, donated with a request that they be available solely to the university's students and faculty for research and study. The author describes how the libraries digitized a variety of analog recordings: The challenges we faced with unfamiliar formats, the lessons we learned during the project, and the options we considered when faced with technical difficulties.
Gene–Environment Interplay Helps to Explain Influences of Family Relationships on Adolescent Adjustment and Development

It is clear that the family relationships have important and lasting ­influences on adolescent adjustment and development. Genetically informed ­studies have provided additional information suggesting that these influences are due, at least in part, to the interplay of genetic and environmental factors via genotype–environment correlation and interaction. Understanding the relative contributions of genes and environment and how they operate together through family relationships to influence development and adjustment is critical for advancing our understanding of the mechanisms involved. With the rapid advances being made in molecular genetics and in brain function, the added value of the use of quantitative genetic strategies has become less clear. This chapter describes different aspects of gene–environment interplay as related to family relationships, discusses relevant findings that help to elucidate mechanisms, and proposes a strategy that combines advances across fields to better understand how family relationships influence ­adolescent adjustment and development.
American Foodie: Taste, Art, and the Cultural Revolution

It is unfortunate when a title and introductory statements obscure a book’s true focus and worthy contribution. Such is the case with Dwight Furrow’s American Foodie: Taste, Art, and the Cultural R...
Hanging Out Together, Surviving on Your Own: The Precarious Communities of Day Laborers:

How does one make sense of a group of migrant men who spend much of their time together over several years, share a space as well as a social position, and behave in some respects like close friend...
PD-L2 Regulates B-1 Cell Antibody Production against Phosphorylcholine through an IL-5–Dependent Mechanism

B-1 cells produce natural Abs which provide an integral first line of defense against pathogens while also performing important homeostatic housekeeping functions. In this study, we demonstrate that programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) regulates the production of natural Abs against phosphorylcholine (PC). Naive PD-L2-deficient (PD-L2-/-) mice produced significantly more PC-reactive IgM and IgA. This afforded PD-L2-/- mice with selectively enhanced protection against PC-expressing nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, but not PC-negative nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae, relative to wild-type mice. PD-L2-/- mice had significantly increased PC-specific CD138+ splenic plasmablasts bearing a B-1a phenotype, and produced PC-reactive Abs largely of the T15 Id. Importantly, PC-reactive B-1 cells expressed PD-L2 and irradiated chimeras demonstrated that B cell-intrinsic PD-L2 expression regulated PC-specific Ab production. In addition to increased PC-specific IgM, naive PD-L2-/- mice and irradiated chimeras reconstituted with PD-L2-/- B cells had significantly higher levels of IL-5, a potent stimulator of B-1 cell Ab production. PD-L2 mAb blockade of wild-type B-1 cells in culture significantly increased CD138 and Blimp1 expression and PC-specific IgM, but did not affect proliferation. PD-L2 mAb blockade significantly increased IL-5+ T cells in culture. Both IL-5 neutralization and STAT5 inhibition blunted the effects of PD-L2 mAb blockade on B-1 cells. Thus, B-1 cell-intrinsic PD-L2 expression inhibits IL-5 production by T cells and thereby limits natural Ab production by B-1 cells. These findings have broad implications for the development of therapeutic strategies aimed at altering natural Ab levels critical for protection against infectious disease, autoimmunity, allergy, cancer, and atherosclerosis.
Abstract TP120: IL-17a Correlates With Coated-Platelet Levels Among Patients With Carotid Atherosclerosis

Introduction: Coated-platelets are a subset of platelets with high procoagulant potential observed on dual agonist stimulation with collagen and thrombin. Elevated coated-platelets identify asymptomatic carotid stenosis patients at high risk for stroke or TIA and are associated with stenosis progres
Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased postoperative complications and use of hospital resources in patients undergoing laparoscopic adrenalectomy.

Background Rates of obesity and metabolic syndrome continue to rise worldwide; however, the impact of metabolic syndrome on outcomes following adrenalectomy has not been described. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of metabolic syndrome on postoperative 30-day morbidity, mortality, and utilization of hospital resources in a large cohort of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Methods Patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy from 2005 to 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Patients with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 who also had diabetes and hypertension requiring medications were defined as having metabolic syndrome. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed for the outcomes of 30-day mortality/morbidity, major complications, and utilization of hospital resources (prolonged duration of stay ≥3 days and requirement for perioperative blood transfusion). Results Of the 3,502 patients included in the study, 395 had metabolic syndrome (11.3%). Patients with metabolic syndrome were older (P Conclusion The presence of metabolic syndrome increased the risk for postoperative complications after laparoscopic adrenalectomy and was associated with 2-fold risk for blood transfusion and 34% increased odds of a prolonged hospital stay.
Hydrogen–fuelled vehicles

We review the production, distribution, storage, combustion, environmental impacts, safety, regulation, and lifecycle costs of hydrogen as a fuel for motor vehicles. We find that: (1) steam reformation of natural gas is the most economical means of producing hydrogen. but renewable sources may become cost competitive early in the next century; (2) given the difficulties in constructing a dedicated hydrogen infrastructure, small–scale, decentralized reformation along existing natural gas lines would be the preferable means of distribution for the near–term; (3) of the many ways to store hydrogen onboard a vehicle, no method (yet) is inexpensive, lightweight, and compact: (4) hydrogen engines produce an order of magnitude less hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, greenhouse gases, and toxic air pollutants than do controlled gasoline engines: (5) hydrogen's dangers are different from but not necessarily worst than those of gasoline; and (6) hydrogen combustion vehicles will be more expensive on a lifecycle basis than conventional vehicles, but hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could be cost competitive due to high efficiencies and long component lifetimes.
Trials and Tribble-ations of tissue TRM cells.

CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in two mucosal tissues, the skin and the female reproductive tract, proliferate in situ to generate a secondary pool of TRM cells that does not exit into the circulation.
Electron reflection in thermionic energy converters

We investigate the impact of electron reflection on space charge in thermionic energy converters. Using the particle-in-cell code Warp3D, we simulate electron reflection and discover that specular and diffuse reflection produce fundamentally distinct behavior. Our simulations suggest that the effects of reflection may have been misidentified in experiments as anomalously large gap sizes. As a result, electron reflection may significantly alter the analysis and optimization of real-world converters.
Enhanced oxidation of antibiotics by ferrate(VI)-sulfur(IV) system: Elucidating multi-oxidant mechanism

Abstract Ferrate(VI) (FeVIO42−, FeVI) is usually effective in oxidizing a wide range of antibiotics on a time scale of seconds, but some recalcitrant antibiotics such as trimethoprim (TMP) and flumequine (FLU) require a longer time and higher dose of FeVI for their removal from water. The current study presents the FeVI-sulfur(IV) (or FeVI-sulfite/bisulfite) system, which could give near-instantaneous oxidation of these two antibiotics (20.0 μM) (i.e., in 15 s time scale) at a lower dose of FeVI (100.0 μM) than is needed with FeVI oxidation alone. Experiments on the removal of TMP were performed as a function of the molar ratios of S(IV) to FeVI (0.2–15.0) and FeVI to TMP (2.0–30.0 μM) at three different pH values (7.0, 9.0 and 11.0) under both oxic (air saturated) and anoxic (nitrogen saturated) conditions. In case of oxidation of FLU under the same conditions, the molar ratios were used at 1.0 ([S(IV)]:[FeVI]) and 5.0 ([FeVI]:[FLU]) under the same solution pH. Removal of these two recalcitrant antibiotics depended on the pH and the amount of oxygen in the reaction solution. Significantly, TMP was removed by FeVI-S(IV) system under anoxic condition, whereas the removal percentage was lower than that under oxic condition. The relative amounts of the oxidized products of TMP were also different in the oxic and anoxic environments. A set of reactions that were involved in the oxidation of TMP by the FeVI-S(IV) system may demonstrate the participation of multi-oxidizing species (FeV/FeIV, SO3 −, SO4 − and OH) in the removal of TMP from water. Representative anions and natural organic matters had little or no significant interference on the removal of TMP by the FeVI-S(IV) technique in water.
Genomic Data from an Endangered Amphibian Reveal Unforeseen Consequences of Fragmentation by Roads

Roads fragment landscapes and can cause the loss of metapopulation dynamics in threatened species, but as relatively new landscape features, few studies have had the statistical power to genetically examine road effects. We used DNA sequence data from thousands of nuclear loci to characterize the population structure of New York-endangered Eastern tiger salamanders ( Ambystoma tigrinum ) on Long Island and quantify the impacts of roads on population fragmentation. We uncovered highly genetically structured populations over an extremely small spatial scale (approximately 40 km 2 ) in an increasingly human-modified landscape. Geographic distance and the presence of roads between ponds are both strong predictors of genetic divergence, suggesting that both natural and anthropogenic factors are responsible for the observed patterns of genetic variation. Our study demonstrates the value of genomic approaches in molecular ecology, as these patterns did not emerge in an earlier study of the same system using microsatellite loci. Ponds supported small effective population sizes, and pond surface area showed a strong positive correlation with salamander population size. When combined with the high degree of structuring in this heavily modified landscape, our study indicates that these endangered amphibians require management at the individual pond, or pond cluster, level. Particular efforts should be made to preserve large vernal pools, which harbor the greatest genetic diversity, and their surrounding upland habitat. Contiguous upland landscapes between ponds that facilitate natural metapopulation connectivity and demographic rescue from future local extirpations should also be protected.
Diet and Estrogen Metabolism

The hypothesis that dietary constituents affect estrogen metabolism arose, in part, from epidemiological data suggesting that dietary fat was related to breast cancer1-3. These data showed that in populations that ate large quantities of animal fat the incidence of breast cancer was greater than in populations eating minimal amounts of animal fat1,2,4. Since there was evidence that estrogens might be associated with breast cancer, it was felt that low fat diets might reduce the risk of breast cancer by lowering estrogen levels.
Prenatal Coronary Morphogenesis

The coronary vasculature is formed by precursor cells that (1) originate outside the heart; (2) migrate to form the epicardium and subepicardium; (3) differentiate into endothelial cells, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts; and (4) migrate and assemble into vascular structures. This is an elaborate process involving vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Since the heart chambers are initially thin-walled, consisting primarily of a trabecular network of cardiomyocytes, O2 diffusion from the chamber lumens is sufficient. However, the thickening of the compact regions makes this diffusion inadequate and sets into motion a cascade of events that facilitate the formation of a coronary vasculature. The initial set of vascular channels consists of endothelial-lined tubes that are not yet perfused because they lack connections to the aorta. Part of this network penetrates the root of the aorta just above the left and right cusps, establishing a functional coronary circulation. This event is followed by the development of larger coronary vessels. This chapter addresses these events and the factors that precipitate and regulate coronary vessel development.
The virtual solar-terrestrial observatory: a deployed semantic web application case study for scientific research

The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory is a production semantic web data framework providing access to observational datasets from fields spanning upper atmospheric terrestrial physics to solar physics. The observatory allows virtual access to a highly distributed and heterogeneous set of data that appears as if all resources are organized, stored and retrieved/used in a common way. The end-user community comprises scientists, students, data providers numbering over 600 out of an estimated community of 800. We present details on the case study, our technological approach including the semantic web languages, tools and infrastructure deployed, benefits of AI technology to the application, and our present evaluation after the initial nine months of use.
Physiological and perceptual responses to walking while swinging hand-held towels.

The intent of this investigation was to determine the intensity of cardiovascular exercise produced by walking while swinging hand-held towels and its potential as a training method. Sixteen healthy college students were the volunteer subjects in this experiment. Each subject performed five randomly ordered trials in which they walked with: (1) a normal arm swing (NAS); (2) a vigorous arm swing (VAS); (3) a vigorous arm swing with hand-held towels (VAST); (4) a vigorous arm swing at NAS heart rate (VNH); and (5) a vigorous arm swing with hand-held towels at NAS heart rate (VTNH). Treadmill speed was 89 m.min-1 for VTNH, 103 for VNH, and 119 for NAS, VAS, and VAST trials. Each trial lasted 6 min and was separated by a 2 min walking recovery. Statistical analysis revealed (p < 0.05) that oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly greater for the VAST (27.8 +/- 3.9 ml.kg-1.min-1, 152 +/- 13.8 bpm, 4.2 +/- 1.4 Borg) vs. NAS (21.0 +/- 3.4, 125 +/- 14.7, 2.6 +/- 1.0) and VAS (24.7 +/- 3.7, 139 +/- 14.1, 3.4 +/- 1.1) vs. NAS trials, but were similar for NAS, VNH, and VTNH. Although not statistically significantly different, VO2, HR, and RPE were physiologically greater for the VAST than VAS trial. These results suggest that walking while swinging hand-held towels is a way to: (1) increase oxygen consumption without altering walking speed and (2) slow walking speed yet maintain exercise intensity.
Role for surgical resection in the multidisciplinary treatment of stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

7573 Background: The role of multi-modality therapy in stage IIIB NSCLC remains inadequately studied. Although chemoradiation is currently the mainstay of treatment, randomized trials evaluating th...
Forensic Archaeology and the Question of Using Geographic Profiling Methods Such as “Winthropping”

For those in law enforcement, geographic crime scene mapping has historically been a tactic for estimating the location of an offender by calculating his or her base (home, work, or other significant lifestyle habitat) in relationship to their known crime scenes. Theoretically and simplistically put, according to theoretical premise, this base should be centrally located within a patterned crime scene range as plotted on a map. This chapter addresses two key aspects about geographical profiling strategies and their significance to the field of forensic archaeology. First, the basic components of geographic profiling in general and the arguments for and against its efficacy are discussed. Secondly, does this methodology merit development, sometimes referred to as winthropping, for application in forensic archaeology where the objective is essentially the opposite? Rather than locating the offender, the focus is on finding undiscovered clandestine graves, body dumps, or scatters when the offender has either already been identified and associated with specific body disposition sites or the offender is still at-large but his/her behavior has revealed a pattern.
Electronically varied manganese tris-arylacetamide tripodal complexes

This report details the synthesis and characterization of six new Mn(II) complexes coordinated to systematically varied 2,2',2''-nitrilotris(N-arylacetamidate) ligands (LR; R = NO2, Cl, Br, H, Me, ...
Volatile Chemicals from Thermal Degradation of Less Volatile Coffee Components

Abstract There have been more than 800 volatile chemicals reported in roasted coffee to date. The major volatile chemicals that contribute to roasted coffee flavors are heterocyclic compounds. Most of these heterocyclic compounds form from the Maillard reaction occurring between less volatile coffee components, the sugars/carbohydrates/lipids and amino acids/proteins in green coffee beans. However, in addition to the Maillard reaction products, many volatile chemicals forming from the degradation of these less volatile chemicals have been found in roasted coffee beans. These volatile chemicals are low molecular weight carbonyl compounds, such as acetaldehyde, glyoxal, methyl glyoxal, and diacetyl. Also, many volatile chemicals, in particular furans and aromatic compounds, are found in heated chlorogenic acids, one of the major components of green coffee beans. Furans and aromatic compounds are proposed to form from a quinic acid moiety and a caffeic acid moiety of a chlorogenic acid, respectively, via the degradation reactions.
Systems Analysis for PET and Olefin Polymers in a Circular Economy

Abstract Polyethylene terephthalate (PET #1) and polyolefin plastics such polyethylene (HDPE #2, LDPE #4) and polypropylene (PP #5) are major products from the chemical industry, and they comprise a significant fraction of municipal solid waste that ends up in landfills or as litter and marine debris. The reuse of these polymeric materials can be optimized through systems analysis with a view on materials flow analysis, techno-economics, environmental life cycle assessment, and consequential societal impacts. This contribution will present the overall research approach for this exploratory project within the DOE- and industry-funded REMADE Institute and end with a proposed systems analysis framework.
Pragmatic Quality Assessment of Brief Health Behavior Change Interventions: Evidence for Criterion-Related Validity of the Behavior Change Counseling Index.

Background: Healthcare providers frequently engage patients in conversations about health behavior change and are encouraged to use patient-centered approaches, such as Motivational Interviewing. Training in and sustainment of these skills are known to require feedback based on actual or role-played patient encounters. The behavior change counseling index (BECCI) is a pragmatic measure to assess healthcare providers’ patient-centered behavior change counseling skills that was developed as an alternative to resource-intensive “gold standard” measures, which are difficult to use in routine practice. We are not aware of any studies that examine the criterion-related validity of this measure using an alternative gold standard measure. We examined the criterion-related validity of the BECCI as rated by a simulated patient actor immediately after a brief behavior change intervention role-play using objective ratings on the motivational interviewing treatment integrity (MITI) scale. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a 25-site clinical trial of screening and intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder and comorbidities with patients at level I trauma centers in the USA. Participants were 64 providers representing diverse professional roles trained to deliver a multi-component intervention with study patients. As part of the training, providers role-played counseling a patient to reduce risky alcohol use with a simulated patient actor. These 20-min role-plays were conducted by telephone and audio recorded. Immediately after the role-play, the simulated patient actor rated the quality of the providers’ patient-centered behavior change counseling skills using the BECCI. A third-party expert MITI rater later listened to the audio recordings of the role-plays and rated the quality of the providers’ patient-centered behavior change counseling skills using the MITI 3.1.1. Results: All correlations observed were statistically significant. The overall BECCI score correlated strongly (? 0.50) with five of the six MITI scores and moderately (0.33) with MITI percent complex reflections. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of criterion-related validity of the BECCI with a sample of healthcare providers representing a range of professional roles. Simulated patient actor rating using the BECCI is a pragmatic approach to assessing the quality of brief behavior change interventions delivered by healthcare providers. J Clin Med Res. 2019;11(11):764-768 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr4018
Human cohesin compacts DNA by loop extrusion

Cohesin is a chromosome-bound, multisubunit adenosine triphosphatase complex. After loading onto chromosomes, it generates loops to regulate chromosome functions. It has been suggested that cohesin organizes the genome through loop extrusion, but direct evidence is lacking. Here, we used single-molecule imaging to show that the recombinant human cohesin-NIPBL complex compacts both naked and nucleosome-bound DNA by extruding DNA loops. DNA compaction by cohesin requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and is force sensitive. This compaction is processive over tens of kilobases at an average rate of 0.5 kilobases per second. Compaction of double-tethered DNA suggests that a cohesin dimer extrudes DNA loops bidirectionally. Our results establish cohesin-NIPBL as an ATP-driven molecular machine capable of loop extrusion.
Towards an Ideal Queue Lock

The MCS lock was the first mutual exclusion lock to support an arbitrary number of processes with unknown identities such that each process can acquire and release the lock in a constant number of RMRs on both Cache-Coherent and Distributed Shared Memory multiprocessors. The MCS algorithm, however, has a shortcoming: its Exit section is not bounded. The algorithm also requires hardware support for more than one special instruction, namely, Fetch&Store and Compare&Swap. Many MCS-style algorithms were subsequently designed to overcome these shortcomings, but to the best of our knowledge they either lack some desirable property of the MCS lock or introduce a new shortcoming. In this paper we present a new MCS-style algorithm that has all of the desirable properties and no ostensible shortcoming. We also provide a rigorous, invariant-based proof of correctness. To realize a bounded Exit section, all prior MCS-style algorithms use either the "node-switching" or the "node-toggling" strategy. Our work unifies these two strategies: we present a single algorithm which, when appropriately instantiated, yields both a node-switching and a node-toggling algorithm. Moreover, the two algorithms so derived are the simplest in their respective classes among all known MCS-style algorithms.
Entity List Completion Using Set Expansion Techniques

Abstract : Set expansion refers to expanding a partial set of "seed" objects into a more complete set. In this paper, we focus on relation and list extraction techniques to perform Entity List Completion task through a two stage retrieval process. First stage takes given query entity and target entity examples as seeds and does set expansion. In second stage, only those candidates who have valid URI in Billion Triple dataset are ranked according to type match with given types. First stage of this system focuses on the recall while second stage tries to improve precision of the outputted list. We submitted the results on the Web as well as ClueWeb09 corpus.
Linoleic Acid–Rich Oil Supplementation Increases Total and High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin and Alters Plasma Oxylipins in Postmenopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome

Author(s): Cole, Rachel M; Puchala, Sarah; Ke, Jia-Yu; Abdel-Rasoul, Mahmoud; Harlow, Kristin; O'Donnell, Benjamin; Bradley, David; Andridge, Rebecca; Borkowski, Kamil; Newman, John W; Belury, Martha A | Abstract: BackgroundThe onset of menopause increases the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Adiponectin is an adipokine associated with insulin sensitivity that is lower in people with MetS. Supplementing diets with linoleic acid (LA)-rich oil increased adiponectin concentrations and improved glucose control in women with type 2 diabetes. The effect of LA on adipokines, especially total and the bioactive form of adiponectin, high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, in women with MetS is unknown.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the effect of supplementation of the diet with an oil rich in LA on adipokines in women with MetS. The effect of the LA-rich oil (LA-oil) on oxylipins, key metabolites that may influence inflammation and metabolism, was also explored.MethodsIn this open-label single-arm pilot study, 18 postmenopausal nondiabetic women with MetS enrolled in a 2-phase study were instructed to consume LA-rich vegetable oil (10nmL/d) as part of their habitual diets. Women consumed an oleic acid-rich oil (OA-oil) for 4 wk followed by an LA-oil for 16 wk. Fasting concentrations of adipokines, fatty acids, oxylipins, and markers of glycemia and inflammation were measured.ResultsAfter 4 wk of OA-oil consumption, fasting glucose and total adiponectin concentrations decreased whereas fasting C-reactive protein increased. After 16 wk of LA-oil supplementation total and HMW adiponectin and plasma oxylipins increased. Markers of inflammation and glycemia were unchanged after LA-oil consumption.ConclusionsSupplementation with LA-oil increased total and HMW adiponectin concentrations and altered plasma oxylipin profiles. Larger studies are needed to elucidate the links between these changes and MetS.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02063165.
Truck driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedules linked to their opinions of maximum speed limits and hours-of-service rules and their compliance with these safety laws and regulations

Abstract Objectives The study objectives were to examine U.S. long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs)’ opinions on their safety needs and to assess the associations of driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedules with: (1) their opinions on their compensation, maximum speed limits, and Hours-of-Service (HOS) regulations, and (2) their behaviors of noncompliance with these safety laws and regulations. Methods National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health analyzed data from its 2010 national survey of LHTD health and injury. A total of 1,265 drivers completed the survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedule and their opinion on safety and unsafe driving behaviors. Results Drivers who reported often receiving an unrealistically tight delivery schedule (an estimated 15.5% of LHTDs) were significantly more likely than drivers who reported never receiving an unrealistically tight delivery schedule to report that: (1) increasing the current maximum speed limit on interstate highways by 10 miles per hour (mph) would improve safety (odds ratio (OR) = 2.1); (2) strictly enforcing HOS rules would not improve safety (OR = 1.8); (3) they often drove 10 mph or more over the speed limit (OR = 7.5); (4) HOS regulations were often violated (OR = 10.9); (5) they often continued to drive despite fatigue, bad weather, or heavy traffic because their must delivery or pick up a load at a given time (OR = 7.5); and (6) their work was never adequately rewarded (OR = 4.5). When presented with 11 potential safety strategies, the largest percentage of LHTDs (95.4%) selected that building more truck stops/parking areas would improve truck driver safety. Conclusions Driver reported unrealistically tight delivery schedules are associated with drivers’ beliefs in safety laws/regulations and risk-taking behaviors. LHTDs see building more truck stops/rest areas as the most wanted safety need among the 11 potential safety strategies that were asked about in the survey.
Purchasing protection: outdoor companies and the authentication of technology use in nature-based tourism

Different views exist within the outdoor industry regarding the appropriateness of technology use in nature-based tourism. However, there is a lack of attention to outdoor companies’ views in acade...