cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of two Lathyrus species to infestation by the pea weevil Bruchus pisorum L. (Coleoptera:Bruchidae).

Abstract Oviposition behavior and larval mortality of the pea weevil, Bruchus pisorum L. on Lathyrus tingitanus L. and Lathyrus sativus L. were studied to determine the mechanisms by which these plant species resist pea weevil attack. Female weevils caged on pods of these species oviposited at a reduced rate compared to those caged on pods of pea, Pisum sativum L. Females kept in vials in the laboratory and given a choice between L. sativus pods and pea pods oviposited at a higher rate on pea and the glass vial than on L. sativus. Two to three days following oviposition, L. tingitanus pods developed callus tissue growth beneath the eggs. These growths later covered much of the pod. L. sativus pods exhibited a similar response to hatching larvae. Pea weevil larvae attempting to penetrate pods of both species died. Larvae placed inside L. sativus pods established in seeds and had no greater mortality after 72 h than those placed inside pea pods. Identified defenses in lathyrus against pea weevil attack consist of antibiosis as well as antixenosis. These resistance mechanisms are located in the pod. RESUME Reaction de deux especes de Lathyrus a la contamination par la bruche du pois, Bruchus pisorum Les especes de Lathyrus sont indemnes d'attaques de la bruche du pois, Bruchus pisorum, bien que le pollen de deux membres de ce genre ait induit, apres ingestion, l'ovogenese des femelles. La ponte et la mortalite larvaire de B. pisorum sur L. tingitanus et L. sativus (Leguminosae) ont ete examinees pour determiner les mecanismes permettant a ces especes de resister a l'attaque de cette bruche. Des femelles aux ovaires developpes ont ete mises en cage en serre, avec des gousses de chacune des deux especes de Lathyrus et de Pisum sativum; les femelles ont pondu beaucoup moins sur Lathyrus que sur Pisum. Au laboratoire, des femelles aptes a pondre, placees dans des bocaux avec des gousses de meme taille de L. sativus et P. sativus, ont pondu sur le pois et le bocal que sur L. sativus. Deux a 3 jours apres contamination par les oeufs de bruche, les gousses de L. tingitanus forment des cals sous les oeufs. Ces excroissances s'etendent de telle sorte que la majorite de la gousse en est recouverte quelques jours plus tard; les gousses de L. sativus presentent une reponse semblable mais plus localisee. La croissance du cal se produit en reponse a l'eclosion plutot qu'a la ponte, car aucune n'a ete observee sous les oeufs qui n'ont pas eclos, et aucune s'etend au-dela des zones immediatement sous les oeufs eclos. Les larves de B. pisorum tentant de penetrer dans les gousses des 2 especes meurent, tandis que des larves placees a l'interieur des gouses de L. sativus n'ont pas presente une mortalite superieure dans les graines au bout de 72 h a celle des larves placees a l'interieur des gousses de pois. On peut envisager que la reconnaissance de stimuli dissuasifs par les femelles de bruches ait pu evoluer en reponse a la presence de mecanismes de defense de la gousse.
Economic feasibility of narrow row spindle picker cotton

Agronomic research has shown that cotton grown on narrower rows (30 in) can exhibit a positive yield response when compared to conventionally spaced rows (40 in). While narrow row cotton can easily be harvested with a stripper harvester, spindle pickers are not currently available with that capability. Recently, several independent producers devised a conversion procedure to allow a standard spindle picker to harvest 30-in row cotton. This economic feasibility study of such a conversion indicates that narrow row cotton can produce a higher and more stable net return than conventionally spaced cotton when harvested with a converted spindle picker. This applies to the Lower Rio Grande Valley and can be extended to other areas which produce long staple cotton that requires spindle picking.
Path Routing with Switch-back Avoidance for Autonomous Vehicles

We proposed a new framework for multi-agent system modelling and control with a cellular structure in (Zheng and Ozguner, 2006), and this is a subsequent paper as a series, focusing on the path routing for the leading vehicle of each vehicle group. Analog to track switch actions in railway systems, path selection for UAV (unmanned aerial vehicles) or UGV (unmanned ground vehicles) is implemented by a series of virtual "switch" actions that is modelled as an evolution of route states. But if conventional shortest path algorithms are used to decide a route directly, the resulting optimal path sometimes contains so-called "switch-back" behaviors, which are hazardous to traffic. A recursive algorithm is developed to prevent vehicles from making switch-backs in path routing
Persistent exchange-rate movements and stock returns

Abstract We hypothesize that persistent exchange-rate movements are a distress risk and a state variable in the Merton (1973) sense. To test our hypothesis, we use the tracking portfolio approach of Lamont (2001) to capture news about future persistent exchange-rate movements. We find empirical evidence that supports our hypothesis, which has important implications for both international finance and empirical asset pricing. For international finance, our evidence provides an alternative explanation for the exposure puzzle and suggests researchers focus on persistent, instead of contemporaneous, exchange-rate movements. For empirical asset pricing, our findings imply a fresh and plausible perspective of exchange-rate risk, a state variable underlying the Fama–French factors.
Review of Notorious Facts: Publicity in Romantic England, 1780-1830

In his discussion of the pamphlet Historic Doubts Relative to Napoleon Buonaparte (1819), James Mulvihill notes how the Reverend Richard Whatley “exposes the contagious logic driving exposure” (100...
Linear Decision Rules for Economic Stabilization and Growth

I. Introduction, 20. — II. A linear decision rule, 22; decision rule for static uncertainty, 23; decision rule for dynamic uncertainty, 25; plans, 28. — III. Simulation tests of the dynamic decision rule under uncertainty, 29; the policy of inaction, 30; decision rule stabilization with poor forecasts, 32; decision rule stabilization with perfect forecasts, 33; performance comparisons, 34; errors in estimating the economic relations and the welfare function, 38. — IV. Economic growth, 39. — V. Stabilization of an inherently unstable economy, 42. — VI. In conclusion, 43.
Modeling with Time and Events in Computer Animation

In this paper, we present a general, systematic and consistent treatment of time and events for computer animation. We first formalize the concepts of events and create a time primitive called an event unit. We then present a succession of organization schemes to compose event units for generating complex motion sequences. We present a directed graph representation for the organization of time and events that suggests the form of an event-based time programming language. Details of implementation of a general event simulation system are given. Our approach provides a clean partitioning for the problem of motion design, a hierarchical scheme to compose motion behaviors from time primitives and a programming model for organizing animation. Traditional methods of kinematic controls and key frame interpolation are special cases of our general scheme. In addition, our treatment of events can be combined with kinematics, dynamics or constraint-based systems to generate powerful motion modeling systems.
Structure, Barriers, and Relaxation Mechanisms of Kinks in the 90° Partial Dislocation in Silicon

Kink defects in the 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} partial dislocation in silicon are studied using a linear-scaling density-matrix technique. The asymmetric core reconstruction plays a crucial role, generating at least four distinct kink species as well as soliton defects. The energies and migration barriers of these entities are calculated and compared with experiment. As a result of certain low-energy kinks, a peculiar alternation of the core reconstruction is predicted. We find the solitons to be remarkably mobile even at very low temperature, and propose that they mediate the kink relaxation dynamics.
Generation of a C-3'-thymidinyl radical in single-stranded oligonucleotides under anaerobic conditions.

A C-3‘-thymidinyl radical has been photochemically generated site-specifically in DNA oligonucleotides. A nucleoside H-phosphonate bearing a C-3‘ acetyl group was incorporated into DNA oligomers using a hand-coupling technique. When nucleotides containing the modified monomer were photolyzed (≥320 nm) in the presence of a hydrogen atom donor, reduction products were detected by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF MS analysis.
VASA: An algebra for vague spatial data in databases

Many geographical applications deal with objects in space that cannot be adequately described by determinate, crisp spatial concepts because of their intrinsically indeterminate and vague nature. Geographical information systems and spatial database systems are currently unable to cope with this kind of data. To support the efficient representation, querying, and manipulation of vague spatial data in a database context, we present a formal data model called vague spatial algebra (VASA). This algebra comprises a set of vague spatial data types for vague points, vague lines, and vague regions together with a comprehensive collection of vague spatial operations and vague topological predicates. One of VASA's main benefits is that its formal framework is based on well known, general, and exact models of crisp spatial data types. This enables an exact definition of the vague spatial model since we can build upon an already existing theory of spatial data types. In particular, crisp spatial data types turn out to be a special case of their vague counterparts. In addition, our approach enables executable specifications for the operations, which can be immediately used as implementations. The article offers a precise and conceptually clean foundation for implementing a DBMS extension for vague spatial data and demonstrates the embedding of these new data types as attribute data types in a database schema as well as the incorporation of vague spatial operations and predicates into queries formulated in an SQL-like query language. All concepts have been verified in a prototype implementation.
Transparency of the universe to TeV photons in some models of quantum gravity

Abstract If the photon dispersion relation is (pc) 2 = E 2 + E 3 E QG , as suggested in certain approaches to quantizing gravity, then high energy photons may be unable to pair-create on cosmic microwave background (CBR) and infrared background (IR) photons. If E QG ∼ 10 16 GeV, powerful sources of TeV radiation, e.g. in AGNs, could be detectable out to large redshifts.
Tunable Transmission Resonant Filter and Modulator With Vertical Gratings

Resonant filters in waveguides with vertical gratings have been realized on a silicon-on-insulator wafer. Two identical uniformly distributed Bragg reflectors with vertical gratings are separated by a quarter wavelength phase offset. Experimental studies show a broad stopband and a narrow transmission band which shifts with changing substrate temperature that is also illuminated by an external laser pump beam at 514-nm wavelength. Experimental results on a low-frequency thermal modulation using an external light source are also presented
Asset priority risk assessment using hidden markov models

Conducting risk assessment on organizational assets can be time consuming, burdensome, and misleading in many cases because of the dynamically changing security states of assets. Risk assessments may present inaccurate or false data if the organizational assets change in their security postures. Each asset can change its security status from secure, mitigated, vulnerable, or compromised states. The secure state is only temporary and imaginary; it may never exist. Therefore, it is accurate to say that each asset changes its security state within its mitigated, vulnerable, or compromised, state. If we can predict each asset's security state prior to its actual state, we would have a good risk indicator for the organization's mission-critical assets. In this paper, we explore possible security states from the insider's perspective, as there are more security incidents initiated from inside than outside an organization. However, we are in a continuous loop of mitigating dynamically changing assets caused by both internal and external threats.
Surgical treatment for morbid obesity

Since severe obesity is frequently associated with serious metabolic, cardiovascular and psychological co-morbid conditions, and given the usually unsuccessful results of conservative therapeutic approaches, surgical treatment based on gastric restriction procedures is increasingly recognized as a treatment of choice for morbidly obese persons. Among several surgical approaches designed to promote a substantial loss of weight, two gastric restriction procedures, i.e. the vertical banded gastroplasty and the gastric bypass, have been increasingly used during the past years. Both techniques induce an impressive loss of weight, and are surprisingly well tolerated, even by severely obese persons. The usual 50-75% reduction of initial weight excess, is followed by a clear-cut reduction, or even disappearance of, obesity-related co-morbidity, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus or sleep apnea syndrome. While serious peri- and postoperative risks are very limited, the intractable vomiting occurring after gastroplasty, and potential sequelae related to iron and calcium malabsorption after the gastric bypass, represent much more frequent complications of the surgical treatment of obesity. There is also a tendency towards a late regain of weight, but the benefit in terms of improvement in the obesity-associated co-morbidity is in general maintained despite this partial increase in weight. Gastric procedures are, therefore, an effective treatment of severe obesity and of its co-morbid conditions. However, careful medical and nutritional supervision is necessary during the follow-up after surgery, to prevent potential nutritional or digestive complications.
Surfactant effects on the free surface thermal structure and subsurface flow in a wind-wave tunnel

In this study, the dynamic effects of surfactant (oleyl alcohol) on the surface temperature and the near surface velocity field of a wind driven free surface are investigated. Different surfactant concentrations and wind speeds were examined to elucidate the flow physics. The water surface was imaged with an infrared (IR) detector and the subsurface flow was interrogated utilizing digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The IR imagery reveals the presence of a Reynolds ridge that demarcates the boundary between clean (hot) fluid and contaminated (cold) fluid. The clean region was found to be composed of laminae structures known as fishscales. A "wake region " which is an intermediate temperature region resulting from mixing of the near surface fluid layers develops behind the ridge. Experimental results from infrared imagery indicate that the fishscales in the clean region become elongated and narrowed as the wind speed increases. In addition, the results reveal that higher wind speed is required to form a Reynolds ridge in the presence of higher surfactant concentration. The plots of the surface temperature probability density functions reveal that these thermal structures undergo the same evaporative process while the increase in wind speed enhances this process. DPIV results reveal that the growth of a subsurface boundary layer for the contaminated case is more pronounced than that for the clean case.
Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer Healing in Nursing Homes

OBJECTIVES: To identify resident and wound characteristics associated with Stage 2 pressure ulcer (PrU) healing time in nursing home residents. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study with convenience sampling. SETTING: One hundred two nursing homes participating in the National Pressure Ulcer Long-Term Care Study (NPULS) in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Seven hundred seventy-four residents aged 21 and older with length of stay of 14 days or longer who had at least one initial Stage 2 (hereafter Stage 2) PrU. MEASUREMENTS: Data collected for each resident over a 12-week period included resident characteristics and PrU characteristics, including area when first reached Stage 2. Data were obtained from medical records and logbooks. RESULTS: There were 1,241 initial Stage 2 PrUs on 774 residents; 563 (45.4%) healed. Median time to heal was 46 days. Initial area was significantly associated with days to heal. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses, median days to heal was 33 for small (≤1 cm2), 53 days for medium (>1 to ≤4 cm2), and 73 days for large (>4 cm2) ulcers. Using Cox proportional hazard regression models to examine effects of multiple variables simultaneously, small and medium ulcers and ulcers on residents with agitation and those who had oral eating problem healed more quickly, whereas ulcers on residents who required extensive assistance with seven to eight activities of daily living (ADLs), who temporarily left the facility for the emergency department (ED) or hospital, or whose PrU was on an extremity healed more slowly. CONCLUSION: PrUs on residents with agitation or with oral eating problems were associated with faster healing time. PrUs located on extremities, on residents who went temporarily to the ED or hospital, and on residents with high ADL disabilities were associated with slower healing time. Interaction between PrU size and place of onset was also associated with healing time. For PrU onset before or after admission to the facility, smaller size was associated with faster healing time.
Thermal Effects on Inductor Winding Resistance at High Frequencies

This letter presents the effect of temperature on an inductor's winding resistance at low and high frequencies. The ac-to-dc resistance ratio of the foil winding conductor obtained using Dowell's equation is presented. For a foil winding with practical specifications, the winding ac resistance is derived and its nonlinear dependence on the overall temperature of the foil winding is presented and compared with that of winding dc resistance. The variation in winding ac resistance with change in frequency at different temperatures is analyzed and their charateristics are observed.
Toward Automation for Model-Checking Requirements Specifications with Numeric Constraints

Model-checking techniques have not been effective in important classes of software systems - systems characterised by large (or infinite) input domains with interrelated linear and non-linear constraints over the system variables. Various model abstraction techniques have been proposed to address this problem, but their effectiveness in practice is limited by two factors: first, the abstraction process is manual and requires a great deal of ingenuity; and, second, the abstraction may be coarse and introduce too many spurious behaviours to provide meaningful analysis results. In this paper, we wish to propose domain reduction abstraction based on data equivalence and trajectory reduction as an alternative and complement to other abstraction tech niques. Our technique applies the abstraction to the input domain (environment) instead of the model and is applicable to constraint free and deterministic constrained data transition systems. Our technique is automatable with some minor restrictions. We provide formal proofs for the theoretical soundness of the technique, algorithms for automation, and an illustration of the approach with examples.
Theory versus Practice in Low Temperature Engineering

The title, “Theory Versus Practice in Low Temperature Engineering” indicates that theory and practice are incompatible. It is not incompatability that we are talking about, but the difference between laboratory and large scale industrial practice in low temperature engineering. We will consider low temperature refrigeration schemes, heat exchangers, rectifying columns and condensers, and insulation of liquid oxygen storage transport vessels.
Memory reactivation or reinstatement and the mismatch negativity

Previous studies have suggested that the memory underlying the mismatch negativity (MMN) can be deactivated by a period of silence and later reactivated. An alternative is that the memory becomes inapplicable due to a period of silence and subsequently reinstated. Both interpretations rest on the absence of a MMN for a deviant in Position 1 of a train (showing deactivation or inapplicability of the memory) and the presence of a MMN in Position 2 of the train (evidencing reactivation or reinstatement of the memory). In these studies, the standards were fixed across all trains of a given condition. Hence, it is not clear if the MMN elicited in Position 2 requires presentation of multiple trains with identical standards or only a single train. Experiment 1 showed that a single train is sufficient. With data from recent studies, Experiment 2 showed that MMNs in Position 2 of trains are due to reinstatement rather than reactivation of the memory.
Refinements to the packet error rate upper bound for Bluetooth networks

The Bluetooth frequency hop sequence is uniformly distributed asymptotically but generally distributed otherwise. We present an upper bound on the Bluetooth packet error rate for single-slot packets that incorporates two inherent, short-term dependencies in the Bluetooth frequency hop sequence. First, the hop frequencies are chosen from a limited subset of the 79 Bluetooth frequencies that depends on past frequencies used. Second, subsequent packet frequency choices are usually selected from mutually exclusive subsets. Higher packet error rates result from these dependencies and from the limited range of the frequency hops. Our improved upper bound on the packet error rate allows more accurate Bluetooth performance analysis.
REPLICATION OF A PSYCHOSOCIAL REHABILITATION PROGRAM: A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF SUPPORTED EDUCATION

This article describes a strategy of organizing community stakeholder groups for the purpose of planning and implementing an innovative mental health program—supported education services for adults with mental illnesses who were interested in pursuing postsecondary education. A common planning framework was used in several different communities within the same state. The framework is described, as well as each community’s characteristics and their planning and development activities—those typically identified in the literature as predictors of successful innovation diffusion efforts. We then present the outcomes of the planning process in each community and suggest conclusions about which community characteristics and0or planning activities seem to be most associated with success. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Among the most difficult and long-standing social problems in many communities is the stigma associated with major mental illness, resulting in exclusion of individuals with psychiatric disabilities from normalized activities and community resistance to integrating these citizens into housing, employment, education, and other aspects of community life. Government and foundation funding initiatives have increasingly
Physical Stabilization of Insulin through Chemical Modification: Site-Specific Glycosylation or Pegylation

The modification of human insulin by the covalent attachment of p-succinamidophenyl glucoside or monomethoxy monosuccinyl polyethylene glycol 600 and 2000 moieties to the protein remarkably alters the physical stability of insulin in solution. The synthesized derivatives were purified to homogeneity using ion exchange chromatography and then attachment site(s) were determined. The biological activity of the modified insulins was well preserved and covalent attachment of any hydrophilic group to any insulin amino group(s) improved insulin solution stability. However, the most significant impact on increased stability was the site-specific modification at PheB 1 site. Moreover, as the number of groups attached to insulin increased, the solution stability of insulin derivatives also improved.
Neural correlates of masked and unmasked face emotion processing in youth with severe mood dysregulation

Reproducibility of results is important in improving the robustness of conclusions drawn from research, particularly in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In this study, we aim to replicate a previous study on the neural correlates of face emotion processing above and below awareness level using an independent sample of youth with severe mood dysregulation (SMD) and healthy volunteers (HV). We collected fMRI data in 17 SMD and 20 HV, using an affective priming paradigm with masked (17 ms) and unmasked (187 ms) faces (angry, happy, neutral, blank oval). When processing masked and unmasked angry faces, SMD patients exhibited increased activation in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and superior temporal gyrus relative to HV. When processing masked and unmasked happy faces, SMD patients showed decreased activation in the insula, PHG and thalamus compared with HV. During masked face processing in general across emotions, youth with SMD showed greater ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) activation relative to HV. Perturbed activation in emotion processing areas (e.g. insula, PHG, superior temporal gyrus and thalamus) manifests as hyper-sensitivity toward negative emotions and hypo-sensitivity toward positive emotions may be important in the etiology and maintenance of irritability, aggression and depressive symptoms in SMD. vmPFC dysfunction may mediate over-reactivity to face emotions associated with irritability.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SAND BEACH BY DEEP-WATER WAVES

In a previous paper**, it was shown that the mechanism of the trochoidal waves can be used to determine the equilibrium slope of a sand beach under any wave conditions. As a start it was assumed that the beach material was of uniform grain size, and that the waves approached the beach directly with all motion in planes at right angles to the shore line. In the present paper, the application of the theory is shown in the development of various sand and gravel beaches. The equilibrium theory is studied in the light of the fact that there is usually considerable transportation of material along the shore. In particular, attention is called to the characteristics of beaches with rounded or pointed contours, of beaches whose ends are closed off by rocks or cliffs, or whose ends are open and extend into deep water without barriers of any kind. A method of study and analysis is demonstrated which can be applied to all beaches. Finally, it is shown that an accurate forecast of the natural development of a beach can be made on the basis of the equilibrium slope equation, as well as a forecast of the effect of any structure placed in a naturally developing beach.
Identifying What Drivers Know about the Hazards of Air Bags to Children

The purpose of air bags is to prevent serious injury of occupants involved in vehicular accidents. Although lives have been saved by air bags, certain subpopulations have a greater risk for persona...
Using Eye Tracking to Examine Age-Related Differences in Web Site Performance

The U.S. population is increasing, people are living longer, technology is moving forward, and the amount of older adults using computers is greater than ever. The percentage of older adults who are connecting to the Internet has grown more than any other age group. However, Web sites are often not designed with older adults in mind, and the cognitive difficulties that are inherent with age are often not taken into consideration. Using Census Bureau data, this paper addresses changes in population and technology, and using eye-tracking data from a usability study conducted at the Census Bureau, this paper demonstrates age-related differences in Web site performance. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
Wireless NoC and Dynamic VFI Codesign: Energy Efficiency Without Performance Penalty

Multiple voltage frequency island (VFI)-based designs can reduce the energy dissipation in multicore platforms by taking advantage of the varying nature of the application workloads. Indeed, the voltage/frequency (V/F) levels of the VFIs can be dynamically tailored by considering the workload-driven variations in the application. Traditionally, mesh-based networks-on-chip (NoCs) have been used in VFI-based systems; however, they have large latency and energy overheads due to the inherently long multihop paths. Consequently, in this paper, we explore the emerging paradigm of wireless NoC (WiNoC) and demonstrate that by incorporating WiNoC, VFI, and dynamic V/F tuning in a synergistic manner, we can design energy-efficient multicore platforms without introducing noticeable performance penalty. Our experimental results show that for the benchmarks considered, the proposed approach can achieve between 5.7% and 46.6% energy-delay product (EDP) savings over the state-of-the-art system and 26.8% and 60.5% EDP savings over a standard baseline non-VFI mesh-based system. This opens up a new of class of codesign approaches that can make WiNoCs the communication technology of choice for future multicore platforms.
Growth dynamics and optimum harvest period of sorghum hybrid sudangrass

To understand the growth regularity and confirm the best harvest time for sorghum hybrid sudangrass,its growth rate,fresh and dry matter accumulation and distribution during different growth stages were investigated,and its nutrient values evaluated in a field experiment.Plant height,growth rate,yield and ratio of leaf to stem of sorghum hybrid sudangrass all fit a Logistic model under dry farming conditions.Growth rate was slow until the 50th day after seeding when it increased until the 80th day,after which,it slowed until the 110th day.There were no obvious trends of crude fat(EF) and hydrocyanic acid(HCN) while crude fiber(CF),nitrogen-free extract(NFE),dry matter yield,gross energy(GE),digestible energy(DE),metabolizable energy(ME),and total digestible nutrient(TDN) all increased.Crude protein(CP) and crude ash(CA) declined from tillering to the booting stages.Fresh yield was maximal at the later jointing stage(121.7 t/ha) while CP,CA,EF,CF,NFE and TDN were maximal at the 1.915 t/ha,1.956 t/ha,0.271 t/ha,7.749 t/ha,10.75 t/ha and 13 358 MJ/ha stages respectively.Dry matter yield was maximum at the booting stage(31.1 t/ha) while CP,CA,EF,CF,NFE and TDN were maximal at 1.920 t/ha,2.126 t/ha,0.348 t/ha,9.070 t/ha,15.51 t/ha,and 17 383 MJ/ha,respectively.It is suggested that for a high grass yield of sorghum hybrid sudangrass to be used as a green feed,it should be harvested in the later jointing stages while for a better dry matter yield and nutritive value as processing silage or hay,it should be harvested at the heading stage.
Toward an Understanding of Interfaces Between Nutrition and Reproduction: The Growth-Restricted Lamb as a Model

For many basic and clinical scientists who focus on mechanisms underlying female puberty, the fundamental question has become, “How does the developing female determine when she has grown sufficiently to begin reproductive cycles?” Other investigators, interested in the reason for cessation of reproductive cycles after puberty in response to weight loss or high level exercise, are seeking an understanding about how the reproductive system senses these altered physiologic states.
A New Look at International Conflict and Peace: Four Factors to Consider

This chapter provides a theoretical exposition in the form of a foreign policy decision-making process model. The model traces how international conflict between two states can occur with an emphasis on the roles played by the following four factors: (a) civil-military relations, (b) military manpower system, (c) diplomatic channels, and (d) media openness. Conceptual model building will pay close attention to these four factors, which democratic peace studies have yet to consider. The first section explains the inspiration for (or intuition behind) the model. The second section focuses on a flow chart that shows how interstate conflict occurs in relation to the four factors. The third section provides two historical exemplars, while the fourth and final section offers some conclusions.
Roaming Around: Ribman, Rabe, Guare, Hwang

In separating ‘Broadway Bound’ from ‘Roaming Around’, I am guided toward the latter by my own impression of the playwright’s compulsion. Simon alone has kept a stable footing on Broadway, whereas zigzags mark the paths of Kopit, McNally and Wilson. The dramatists of this chapter have executed comparable zigzags, and yet they seem to me further from Broadway conventions in subject and form, but not so far as deliberately to shun the white lights. Each of them has pursued his own bent — Ribman’s paradoxical characters, Rabe’s obscenity-marked shockers, Guare’s grotesque wit, Hwang’s Asians and Asian-Americans. Yet they tumbled onto Broadway in spite of self-consistency.
Key components and potential benefits of a comprehensive approach to women’s musculoskeletal health

ABSTRACTOver the last 40 years there has been a significant increase in the number of female athletes, as well as a rise in musculoskeletal injuries observed in women. There is sufficient evidence from past medical research identifying various musculoskeletal injuries and conditions that more commonly affect women, such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, stress fractures, and anterior cruciate ligament tears. Several women’s sports medicine and musculoskeletal health programs have been developed throughout the United States in an attempt to provide more tailored care to the female athlete. The goal of a comprehensive approach to women’s musculoskeletal health is to create an interdisciplinary team to facilitate treatment for a variety of injuries and related conditions. This manuscript outlines the musculoskeletal conditions that commonly affect women and highlights the various etiologies of these sex disparities. We discuss the role of interdisciplinary women’s musculoskeletal health and sports medicine pr...
Complementary Roles of Estrogen-Related Receptors in Brown Adipocyte Thermogenic Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis relies on a high abundance of mitochondria and the unique expression of the mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP1), which uncouples substrate oxidation from ATP synthesis. Adrenergic stimulation of brown adipocytes activates UCP1-mediated thermogenesis; it also induces the expression of Ucp1 and other genes important for thermogenesis, thereby endowing adipocytes with higher oxidative and uncoupling capacities. Adipocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity are controlled by multiple transcription factors, including the estrogen-related receptor (ERR)α. Whole-body ERRα knockout mice show decreased BAT mitochondrial content and oxidative function but normal induction of Ucp1 in response to cold. In addition to ERRα, brown adipocytes express ERRβ and ERRγ, 2 nuclear receptors that are highly similar to ERRα and whose function in adipocytes is largely unknown. To gain insights into the roles of all 3 ERRs, we assessed mitochondrial function and adrenergic responses in primary brown adipocytes lacking combinations of ERRs. We show that adipocytes lacking just ERRα, the most abundant ERR, show only mild mitochondrial defects. Adipocytes lacking ERRβ and ERRγ also show just mild defects. In contrast, adipocytes lacking all 3 ERRs have severe reductions in mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Moreover, adipocytes lacking all 3 ERRs have defects in the transcriptional and metabolic response to adrenergic stimulation, suggesting a wider role of ERRs in BAT function than previously appreciated. Our study shows that ERRs have a great capacity to compensate for each other in protecting mitochondrial function and the metabolic response to adrenergic signaling, processes vital to BAT function.
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) promotes inflammation-induced tumorigenesis by enhancing epithelial cell proliferation.

Our work exemplifies a novel role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in regulating inflammation-induced tumorigenesis via two modalities: first by enhanced proliferation (PI3-K/pAkt), and second by downregula...
Molecular Theory of Hydration at Different Temperatures.

Solvation plays an important role in diverse chemical processes ranging from reaction kinetics to molecular recognition, solubility, and phase separations. Despite a long-history of theoretical exploration, quantitative prediction of solvation remains a theoretical challenge without relying on the macroscopic properties of the solvent as an input. Here we present a molecular density functional theory that provides a self-consistent description of the solvation structure and thermodynamic properties of small organic molecules in liquid water at different temperatures. Based on the solute configuration and force-field parameters generated from first-principles calculations, the theoretical predictions are found in good agreement with experimental data for the hydration free energies of 197 organic molecules in a temperature range from 0 to 40 °C. In addition to calibration with experimental results, the theoretical predictions are compared with recent molecular dynamics simulations for the hydration of five...
FREEDOM'S SEEDS: Freedom Farmers

First paragraph: Reverend Wendell Paris is currently assistant pastor at the New Hope Baptist Church of Jackson, Mississippi. He and his brother George, and George’s wife Alice, were all activists and organizers in the civil rights movement in Alabama and were early leaders of the Federation of Southern Cooperatives (FSC). I was honored to meet him at the FSC training center in Epes, Alabama, and subsequently to interview him. Like his mentor, Fannie Lou Hamer—the legendary civil rights leader of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party—Rev. Paris is deeply committed both to Black civil rights and to farming as a strategy to freedom....
Effect of Tsunami Damage on Passenger and Forestry Transportation in Pacific County, Washington

The outer coast of Washington State is exposed to significant seismic and tsunami hazards. A Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) event is expected to cause high earthquake intensities and tsunami inundation, resulting in considerable infrastructure loss, inundation of developed land, and degraded functioning of coastal communities. One area of particular concern is Pacific County, in southwest Washington, where more than 85% of the population is expected to experience severe shaking intensities. This paper establishes the predisaster passenger and freight transportation patterns and the predicted damaged postdisaster road network in Pacific County. The hazard used in the analysis was a CSZ magnitude 9.1 earthquake with Washington asperity and resulting tsunami. The anticipated change in trip distance and the percentage of trips that could no longer be completed were used to compare passenger travel and forestry freight travel. Because passenger and freight travel have different purposes and patterns, understan...
Electrocardiographic variables in children with syndromic craniosynostosis and primary snoring to mild obstructive sleep apnea: significance of identifying respiratory arrhythmia during sleep.

Background: In the spectrum of children with symptomatic sleep disordered breathing (SDB), some individuals – such as those with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) – do not have abnormalities on polysomnography (PSG). In this study we have assessed whether assessment of respiratory arrhythmia (RA) and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis helps in management of children with syndromic craniosynostosis and none-to-mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Prospective cohort study in children aged 1–18 years old with syndromic craniosynostosis. Children were selected for HRV analysis from the ECG if their obstructive apnea–hypopnea index (oAHI) was between zero and five per hour (ie, oAHI ≤5/hour). Subjects were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of respiratory arrhythmia (with or without RA respectively) using the electrocardiogram (ECG). The main analysis included studying the relationship between RA and HRV, symptoms, interventions, and sleep architecture. Results: We identified 42 patients with, at worst, mild OSA. We found higher parasympathetic control and higher total power in children with RA during the non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep. Children with RA also have a relatively higher percentage of paradoxical breathing during non-REM sleep (P = 0.042). Intracranial hypertension was distributed equally between groups. Last, RA patients showed increased parasympathetic activity that further increased in non-REM sleep. Conclusion: In syndromic craniosynostosis cases with SDB and PSG showing oAHI ≤5/hour, the presence of RA may indicate subsequent need for treatment interventions, and a trend toward higher occurrence of clinical symptoms. ECG analyses of HRV variables in subjects with RA demonstrate increased parasympathetic activity and total power. Such findings may add to the diagnosis of apparently asymptomatic children.
Early-injection laryngoplasty may lower risk of thyroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective To determine whether injection laryngoplasty within 6 months following the onset of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) decreases the rate of permanent thyroplasty in adults. Data sources Search strategies created by a medical librarian were implemented in multiple online research databases. Review methods Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to capture randomized clinical trials and cohort studies examining adults with UVFP who received injection laryngoplasty early in the course of treatment, within 6 months of onset, or who were observed. The primary outcome was the rate of thyroplasty. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess quality of included cohort studies. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate an overall relative risk (RR). Heterogeneity was evaluated with the I2 statistic. Results The search strategy resulted in 1,177 studies, of which four cohort studies remained for meta-analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies were rated as 9 of 9 on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis of 275 patients with UVFP revealed that the overall pooled RR of undergoing thyroplasty in those receiving an early injection was 0.25 (95% confidence interval 0.14-0.45) compared to conservative management (late or no injection). The I2 overall was 62.4%. Conclusion Otolaryngologists should offer injection laryngoplasty to patients with a diagnosis of UVFP within 6 months of diagnosis (recommendation based on grade C evidence with a preponderance of benefit over harm). Laryngoscope, 128:935-940, 2018.
Open Loop Tracking and Inverting GPS Radio Occultation Signals: Simulation Study

This paper estimates accuracy of the open loop tracking of the tropospheric radio occultation signals by means of numerical simulations. Each error source, such as: downsampling and integration in receiver, thermal noise, the up-sampling in postprocessing, deviation of the mean frequency of the sampled signal from zero, the length of the recorded signal, pseudo random modulation, is studied separately. The effect of each error source on the retrieved refractivity is demonstrated by use of the radio holographic method (canonical transform). This allows understanding of which error sources are dominant. Overall, the open-loop tracking of “worst case” tropospheric radio occultation signals results in sub-N unit rms refractivity retrieval errors with 100 Hz sampling and, in most cases, with 50 Hz sampling, when the signal to noise ratio (in 1 Hz band) is ≳ 700.
Characterizing short-term stability for Boolean networks over any distribution of transfer functions

We present a characterization of short-term stability of Kauffman's $NK$ (random) Boolean networks under arbitrary distributions of transfer functions. Given such a Boolean network where each transfer function is drawn from the same distribution, we present a formula that determines whether short-term chaos (damage spreading) will happen. Our main technical tool which enables the formal proof of this formula is the Fourier analysis of Boolean functions, which describes such functions as multilinear polynomials over the inputs. Numerical simulations on mixtures of threshold functions and nested canalyzing functions demonstrate the formula's correctness.
A Transformerless High Gain Switched-Inductor Switched-Capacitor Cuk Converter in Step-Up Mode

This paper introduces a transformerless high gain switched-inductor switched-capacitor Cuk converter in step-up mode. This kind of converter provides a negative to positive step-up DC-DC voltage conversion. The main advantages of using the proposed converter over the classical Cuk converter are achieving high voltage gain with low voltage stress on semiconductor devices and using fewer components compared with other Cuk converters reached the same level of high voltage gain. The proposed converter has the ability to reach 13 times the input voltage when $\mathbf{D}=0.75$ where D is the duty cycle. This high voltage gain is achieved by using a switched-inductor and switched-capacitor techniques. A detailed theoretical analysis of the continuous conduction mode (CCM) is represented. Likewise, the major aspects of circuit design have been derived. The presented paper shows a comparison between the proposed Cuk converter with other Cuk converter topologies. The proposed converter has been designed for 12V input voltage, −152V output voltage, 100W rated power, 50kHz switching frequency, and 75% duty cycle. A circuit has been developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK and results are discussed.
Inadmissible Evidence and Pretrial Publicity: The Effects (and Ineffectiveness) of Admonitions to Disregard

This chapter discusses the findings of social science studies that have examined the effects of pretrial publicity. It examines relevant research regarding the biasing effects that pretrial publicity and inadmissible evidence may have. The chapter focuses on the effects of admonishing jurors to ignore inadmissible information revealed in court. Empirical research has demonstrated that admonitions are relatively ineffective and sometimes produce a backfire effect, resulting in jurors relying more heavily on information they have been instructed to disregard. The issue of admonition ineffectiveness is explored through the application of several social psychological theories, including belief perseverance, the hindsight bias, reactance theory, and the theory of ironic processes of mental control. However, in the United States, First Amendment guarantees of free speech force courts to turn to alternative means of controlling the effects of publicity on jurors, including issuing continuances or changing the venue, relying on voir dire, and admonishing jurors to disregard what they have heard outside the courtroom.
Multi-Dimensional Mapping of Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury Diagnostics.

The diagnosis and prognosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is complicated by variability in the type and severity of injuries and the multiple endophenotypes that describe each patient's response ...
Trauma and cultural values in the health of recently immigrated families

This study examined Ruiz et al.’s sociocultural model of Hispanic health resilience by assessing trauma exposure and symptoms and Hispanic cultural values in relation to the physical health of 97 C...
Barriers to Transportation: A Study on Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Receiving in-Center Hemodialysis

Without kidney transplant, treatment for end-stage renal disease is considered lifelong. Non-emergency medical transportation through Medicaid and the complementary paratransit services under the A...