cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Del problema de las "otras mentes" a la cognición social: una defensa de la epistemología naturalizada.

A casi 50 anos de la propuesta de Quine de naturalizar la epistemologia (1969), vale la pena evaluar en que sentido se considera actualmente un programa viable. En su variante “modesta”, significa practicar la filosofia, incluida la epistemologia, de una manera consistente con los metodos y resultados de las investigaciones cientificas, bajo un supuesto de continuidad ontologica y de compatibilidad e incluso de complementariedad epistemologica. En este trabajo explorare las virtudes epistemicas de esta variante de epistemologia naturalizada, empleando una metodologia naturalista, esto es, examinando, al modo de un estudio empirico de casos, la historia de los debates sobre del problema filosofico clasico acerca de las “otras mentes” hasta los enfoques actuales acerca de la cognicion social, objeto de un intenso interes teorico por parte de los psicologos del desarrollo, los etologos cognitivos y los filosofos naturalistas de la mente, en las ultimas decadas. Los diversos efectos teoricos positivos ejemplificados por la evolucion del problema en las tres disciplinas mencionadas constituyen un caso actual favorable acerca de esta variante de epistemologia naturalizada.
Between the State and the People: Civil Society Organizations in Interwar Japan

This article provides an overview of civil society organizations as a venue for investigating the politics, culture, and society of interwar Japan. Whereas extant scholarship on the Japanese government and certain notable individuals from the period is diverse and sophisticated, there is a lacuna in attention on unofficial organizations beyond specific types like labor unions. Yet during the moment of liberalization in the 1920s and early 1930s, many Japanese took advantage of the relative freedom of association to found or participate in voluntary organizations with few governmental ties or concrete agendas. Moreover, these groups used the measured latitude in expression to engage in public discussions through hosting lectures and publishing the talks as pamphlets. This essay introduces the most influential of the associations and calls attention to their publications as underutilized sources. By scrutinizing these organizations, historians can contribute to a more nuanced analysis of interwar Japan and elaborate the relations between the governing and the governed.
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

The cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of children and adolescents integrates cognitive restructuring and problem solving with behavioral techniques such as contingency management and modeling (Kendall, 1991). The primary aim of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is to modify or improve a child’s maladaptive emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to his environment. It is fairly structured, and often time-limited. As part of the treatment, the therapist helps the client to better understand the mechanisms by which thoughts and feelings influence and mediate behavior. This perspective is not explained to the clients—they are children—but becomes evident through shared experiences and exposure tasks. The theory is problem-solving oriented, focusing on cognitive information processing, as well as social skills and interactions. Learning to generate alternatives and evaluate outcomes are essential tools for adaptive functioning across the life span. Through use of performance-based procedures, new skills are refined and reinforced by feedback and encouragement. Contingencies help to encourage involvement and stimulate motivation.
Beyond the Interwar Paradigm

Two of the most important recent trends in the study of US foreign relations intersect in Michael Thompson’s groundbreaking book For God and Globe. The most significant not-so-new but transformativ...
Perceptions of Macro Social Work Education: An Exploratory Study of Educators and Practitioners

Social work graduate education is responsive to and reflective of larger environmental forces, including economic and job market trends, regulations by diverse organizations, and student interests. A national online survey of macro social work educators (n=208) and macro social work practitioners (n=383) explored their perceptions of the intersections between these forces and graduate social work education. Findings indicate that while there remains a consistent level of support for and inclusion of macro social work within MSW programs from both groups, macro practitioners identified a concurrent experience of negative perceptions, attitudes, and experiences toward macro social work education while in their graduate programs. We suggest that social work programs seek out opportunities to integrate macro practice content and field experiences into their curriculum, so that students can be better equipped to respond to the complex systemic challenges they will encounter while in professional practice.
Embodied Rilkean sport-specific knowledge

This paper develops and introduces the embodied Rilkean sport-specific knowledge into the current sports knowledge philosophical debate. This idea is based on my interpretation of Mark Rowlands’ Ri...
Modeling gas-diffusion electrodes for CO2 reduction

CO2 reduction conducted in electrochemical cells with planar electrodes immersed in an aqueous electrolyte is severely limited by mass transport across the hydrodynamic boundary layer. This limitation can be minimized by use of vapor-fed, gas-diffusion electrodes (GDEs), enabling current densities that are almost two orders of magnitude greater at the same applied cathode overpotential than what is achievable with planar electrodes in an aqueous electrolyte. The addition of porous cathode layers, however, introduces a number of parameters that need to be tuned in order to optimize the performance of the GDE cell. In this work, we develop a multiphysics model for gas diffusion electrodes for CO2 reduction and used it to investigate the interplay between species transport and electrochemical reaction kinetics. The model demonstrates how the local environment near the catalyst layer, which is a function of the operating conditions, affects cell performance. We also examine the effects of catalyst layer hydrophobicity, loading, porosity, and electrolyte flowrate to help guide experimental design of vapor-fed CO2 reduction cells.
Separate measures of ethanol seeking and drinking in the rat: effects of remoxipride

Abstract Remoxipride, a dopamine D 2 antagonist, decreases responding that results in the presentation of small amounts (~0.1 ml) of ethanol in limited-access paradigms. This type of operant response is a combined appetitive/consummatory response that is differentially affected by changing stimulus properties of consumed ethanol (i.e., taste, pharmacology) over the course of the session. In the present experimental design, ethanol-directed appetitive and consummatory responses were procedurally separated to investigate the specific effects of remoxipride on these distinct behaviors. Male Long–Evans rats were trained to make a series of lever-press responses once each day that resulted in access to a sipper tube spout containing 10% ethanol for 20 min. Three doses of remoxipride were tested: 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 mg/kg (–30 min, i.p.). In Experiment 1, a response requirement of 20 was used, and both reinforced and nonreinforced sessions were examined. In nonreinforced sessions, subjects were permitted to lever press for 20 min, after which the session ended without sipper tube presentation. These sessions were conducted to remove the possibility that limiting responding might obscure a drug effect on the seeking response. In Experiment 2, a low response requirement (4) was used to investigate the effects of remoxipride on ethanol intake. Average baseline ethanol intake (Experiment 1) was 0.69 g/kg, with blood ethanol concentrations at the end of the session at 64 mg%. At all doses tested, remoxipride had no effect on the measures of ethanol consumption (e.g., total intake, lick latency, lick rate) in either experiment. However, remoxipride dose dependently decreased the number of appetitive responses made, while having no effect on response latency or rate, during both reinforced and nonreinforced sessions in Experiment 1. In these experiments, the systemic antagonism of the dopamine D 2 receptor decreased ethanol seeking without causing a general impairment of motor function. The procedural separation of seeking and intake responses revealed that appetitive responding was more sensitive than consummatory responding to remoxipride treatment.
Weber, Albrecht Friedrich (1825–1901)

Albrecht Friedrich Weber (1825–1901) was a prolific professor of Indology in Berlin from 1848–1901. His important contributions spanned Vedic and Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Jain studies. He was indispensable to Indology in Germany as a journal editor, expert philologist (in his transcriptions), reviewer, and cataloguer of the manuscripts in the Royal Library of Berlin.
Change and Persistence in the Age of Modernization: Saint-Germain-d'Anxure 1730-1895

Abstract Using a unique, comprehensive household-level dataset for a single French village, we study the process of modernization during a period of rapid institutional and demographic transformation. We document changes in fertility, mortality, literacy and intergenerational social mobility. The fall in fertility followed the French Revolution and the Age of Enlightenment, and preceded the rise in education by several decades. Rising literacy followed an increase in the supply of schooling due to the Guizot Law. All these changes occurred in the absence of industrialization in and around the village. We conclude that institutional and cultural changes originating outside the village were likely the dominant forces accounting for its modernization.
Methamphetamine-Induced Tachydysrhythmia in an Adolescent in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

Abstract Background Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common complication affecting patients with type 1 diabetes, and DKA is associated with dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), although a common tachydysrhythmia in the pediatric population, remains a rare entity in patients presenting with DKA. Case Report We describe a case of first-time SVT in an adolescent patient with DKA and recent methamphetamine abuse, with both factors likely predisposing him to develop a tachydysrhythmia. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? SVT can be present in a patient who has concomitant recent stimulant intake and DKA. A trial of abortive therapy, such as adenosine, should be considered upon diagnosis.
Campus Ministry's Mission to Serve Catholic Higher Education

Campus ministry contributes to the development of mission and Catholic identity at Catholic colleges and universities through student programming and pastoral care, and also through service to the institution itself. It is important to recognize that while campus ministry is not solely responsible for the outward expressions of Catholic identity, it can serve as a catalyst for mission development. Campus ministry can accomplish this by encouraging campus-wide collaboration and interdisciplinary discussion, and by articulating Catholic values that can undergird university policy and practice. Such actions can reinforce the values highlighted in the parable of the Good Samaritan.
Investigational RNAi Therapeutic Targeting C5 Is Efficacious in Pre-clinical Models of Myasthenia Gravis

Complement-mediated damage to the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a key mechanism of pathology in myasthenia gravis (MG), and therapeutics inhibiting complement have shown evidence of efficacy in the treatment of MG. In this study, we describe the development of a subcutaneously administered N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-conjugated small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the C5 component of complement that silences C5 expression in the liver (ALN-CC5). Treatment of wild-type rodents with ALN-CC5 resulted in robust and durable suppression of liver C5 expression. Dose-dependent serum C5 suppression was observed in non-human primates, with a lowering of serum C5 of up to 97.5% and the concomitant inhibition of serum complement activity. C5 silencing was efficacious in ameliorating disease symptoms in two standard rat models of MG, demonstrating the key role of circulating C5 in pathology at the NMJ. Improvement in disease activity scores and NMJ pathology was observed at intermediate levels of complement activity inhibition, suggesting that complete ablation of complement activity may not be required for efficacy in MG. The pre-clinical studies of ALN-CC5 and efficacy of C5 silencing in rat models of MG support further clinical development of ALN-CC5 as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of MG and other complement-mediated disorders.
Spectroscopy and Two-Photon Dissociation of Jet-Cooled Pyruvic Acid

The UV photodissociation of pyruvic acid (PA) is studied in molecular beams using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectroscopy and time-sliced velocity map imaging (VMI) following excitation to the first...
Management of the Clinically Negative Lateral Neck in Medullary Thyroid Cancer

Medullary thyroid cancer is relatively rare and accounts for approximately 2% of all thyroid cancer diagnoses in the United States. However, in general it is a more aggressive cancer than the more common papillary thyroid cancer. The more aggressive nature of medullary thyroid cancer leads to a different treatment algorithm relative to papillary thyroid cancer. The primary treatment for medullary thyroid cancer is total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection. This is almost universally accepted as standard of care across the world with minimal controversy. However, significant controversy remains regarding the optimal algorithm for surgical management of the lateral neck lymph nodes. This chapter reviews the most recent evidence regarding how to manage the lateral neck lymph nodes in medullary thyroid cancer.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Immune System Inflammation in Adults Residing on the Blackfeet Reservation: The Moderating Role of Sense of Belonging to the Community.

BACKGROUND Previous research documents an association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and immune system inflammation. High chronic inflammation is believed to be one biological pathway through which childhood adversity may affect health into adulthood. The Blackfeet tribal community has high rates of childhood trauma and community members are disproportionately affected by inflammatory diseases. PURPOSE To investigate whether belonging to the tribal community may moderate the relationship between childhood trauma and immune system inflammation in the Blackfeet tribal community. METHODS In a sample of 90 adults residing on the Blackfeet reservation, we measured ACEs belonging to the tribal community and two markers of immune system inflammation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS We found that independent of age, gender, annual income, body mass index, and depressive symptoms, belonging to the tribal community and ACEs interacted to predict levels of both IL-6 and CRP (B= -.37, t[81] = -3.82, p < .001, R2 change = .07 and B = -.29, t[81] = -2.75, p = .01, R2 change = .08, respectively). The association between ACEs and markers of immune system inflammation was statistically significant for community members who reported low levels of belonging to the community. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study have important implications for intervention research seeking to reduce risk for inflammatory diseases for at-risk populations. Fostering stronger connections to the larger tribal community may positively affect risk for inflammatory diseases. Future work should examine the behavioral and psychosocial pathways through which stronger connections to community may confer health benefits.
Non-touching confinement of ternary particle systems by electrostatic surface forces

We apply an exact analytical model to demonstrate that multiple particle systems can bind in nontouching, minimum energy equilibrium configurations. It is predicted that such systems may self-assemble due entirely to electrostatic interactions without the aid of external forces. We demonstrate the potential energy equilibria for ternary systems where the effective dipoles cancel and the anomalous electrostatic forces are described by interactions between higher order multipoles.
Using Injury Severity Score and Abbreviated Injury Score to Determine Venous Thromboembolism Risk.

Background Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) continue to be a leading cause of death among trauma patients. Predicting which patients will develop a VTE can be difficult. This study investigated whether the Injury Severity Score (ISS) could be used in conjunction with the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS) to assess a trauma patient's risk for subsequent VTE development. Materials and Methods Participants were found by querying a trauma center registry. There were 2,213 patients included for evaluation. The patients were categorized based on their ISS and the anatomical region with the greatest injury (determined by the AIS). Odds ratios for developing VTEs were calculated for each ISS category. Results The results showed that in most categories VTE risk increased as ISS increased. Patients with trauma to their head/neck, chest, or extremities with ISS values of 21 or greater were all at significantly increased risk for VTE development. Patients in these categories with an ISS less than 21 seemed to have little or only moderately increased odds of developing a VTE, although these values were not statistically significant. Patients with abdominal trauma were at increased risk even with ISS values of 11-21. Conclusion Trauma to the head/neck region, chest, and extremities (including pelvis) with ISS of 21 or higher had significantly increased odds of developing a VTE. Patients with abdominal trauma of any severity appeared to have increased odds of developing a VTE.
Stochastic Tucker-Decomposed Recurrent Neural Networks for Forecasting

The growing edge computing paradigm, notably the vision of the internet-of-things (IoT), calls for a new epitome of lightweight algorithms. Currently, the most successful models that learn from temporal data, which is prevalent in IoT applications, stem from the field of deep learning. However, these models evince extended training times and heavy resource requirements, prohibiting training in constrained environments. To address these concerns, we employ deep stochastic neural networks from the reservoir computing paradigm. These networks train quickly with no need for backpropagation and we further accelerate training by employing Tucker decomposition. We demonstrate that such networks benefit from both tensorization and compression, and achieve a reduction of FLOPs up to ∼95% while outperforming the uncompressed counterparts.
A Collaborative Longitudinal Design for Supporting Writing Pedagogies of STEM Faculty

Providing contextualized, effective writing instruction for engineering students is an important and challenging objective. This article presents a needs analysis conducted in a large engineering c...
“An A Is An A”: Design Thinking and Our Desired Future

Original article: Aguinis, H., Cummings, C., Ramani, R., and Cummings, T., “An A is an A:” The New Bottom Line for Valuing Academic Research, https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2017.0193We adopt a design-...
Understanding crashes involving roadway objects with SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study data.

Abstract Introduction: Crashes involving roadway objects and animals can cause severe injuries and property damages and are a major concern for the traveling public, state transportation agencies, and the automotive industry. This project involved an in-depth investigation of such crashes based on the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS) data including detailed information and videos about 2,689 events. Methods: The research team conducted a variety of logistic regression analyses, complemented by Support Vector Machine (SVM) analyses and detailed case studies. Results: The logistic regression results indicated that driver behavior/errors, involvement of secondary tasks, roadway characteristics, lighting condition, and pavement surface condition are among the factors that contributed significantly to the occurrence and/or increased severity outcomes of crashes involving roadway objects and animals. Among these factors, improper turning movements (odds ratio = 88), avoiding animal or other vehicle (odds ratio = 38), and reaching/moving object in vehicle (odds ratio = 29) particularly increased the odds of crash occurrence. Factors such as open country roadways, sign/signal violation, unfamiliar with roadway, fatigue/drowsiness, and speeding significantly increased the severity outcomes when such crashes occurred. The sensitivity analysis of the three SVM classifiers confirmed that driver behavior/errors, critical speed, struck object type, and reaction time were major factors affecting the occurrence and severity outcomes of events involving roadway objects and animals. Practical Applications: The study provides insights on risk factors influencing safety events involving roadway objects, including their occurrence and the severity outcomes. The findings allow researchers and traffic engineers to better understand the causes of such crashes and therefore develop more effective roadway- and vehicle- based countermeasures.
The Value of Planned Death

In this paper we propose a theoretical model of evaluating the economic costs and benefits of physician assisted suicide (euthanasia). The contemplation of euthanasia is modeled akin to the valuation of a real option. Our modeling of the decision shows that euthanasia is optimal when certain conditions are satisfied. The findings in this paper suggest that if more money is spent on medical research (such as pain management), the demand for Euthanasia could be reduced.
Robust Practical Point Stabilization of a Nonholonomic Mobile Robot Using Neural Networks

A control structure that makes possible the integration of a kinematic controller and a neural network (NN) computed-torque controller for nonholonomic mobile robots is presented. A combined kinematic/torque control law is developed and stability is guaranteed by Lyapunov theory. This control algorithm is applied to the practical point stabilization problem i.e., stabilization to a small neighborhood of the origin. The NN controller can deal with unmodeled bounded disturbances and/or unstructured unmodeled dynamics in the vehicle. On-line NN weight tuning algorithms that do not require off-line learning yet guarantee small tracking errors and bounded control signals are utilized.
Usual intakes of food pattern components by U.S. children: WWEIA, NHANES 2013–2016

Abstract This research estimates adherence to the recommended Healthy U.S.-Style Pattern in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA), 2015–2020 by U.S. children using national dietary intake data from WWEIA, NHANES, 2013–2016. The sample included 723 and 1685 children age 2−3 years and 4−8 years, respectively. The Food Patterns Equivalents Database and the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 were used to determine the consumption of Food Pattern components and select nutrients. Usual intake estimates were produced using the National Cancer Institute Method and compared to the DGA energy-specific recommendations based on age, sex, and assuming the lowest physical activity level. Children age 2−3 years had significantly (p
Inhibition of cotranslational translocation by apratoxin S4: Effects on oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases and the fate of transmembrane proteins produced in the cytoplasm

Abstract Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have become major targets for anticancer therapy. However, resistance and signaling pathway redundancy has been problematic. The marine-derived apratoxins act complementary to direct kinase inhibitors by downregulating the levels of multiple of these receptors and additionally prevent the secretion of growth factors that act on these receptors by targeting Sec61α, therefore interfering with cotranslational translocation. We have profiled the synthetic, natural product-inspired apratoxin S4 against panels of cancer cells characterized by differential sensitivity to RTK inhibitors due to receptor mutations, oncogenic KRAS mutations, or activation of compensatory pathways. Apratoxin S4 was active at low-nanomolar to sub-nanomolar concentrations against panels of lung, head and neck, bladder, and pancreatic cancer cells, concomitant with the downregulation of levels of several RTKs, including EGFR, MET and others. However, the requisite concentration to inhibit certain receptors varied, suggesting some differential substrate selectivity in cellular settings. This selectivity was most pronounced in breast cancer cells, where apratoxin S4 selectively targeted HER3 over HER2 and showed greater activity against ER+ and triple negative breast cancer cells than HER2+ cancer cells. Depending on the breast cancer subtype, apratoxin S4 differentially downregulated transmembrane protein CDCP1, which is linked to metastasis and invasion in breast cancer and modulates EGFR activity. We followed the fate of CDCP1 through proteomics and found that nonglycosylated CDCP1 associates with chaperone HSP70 and HUWE1 that functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and presumably targets CDCP1, as well as potentially other substrates inhibited by apratoxins, for proteasomal degradation. By preventing cotranslational translocation of VEGF and other proangiogenic factors as well as VEGFR2 and other receptors, apratoxins also possess antiangiogenic activity, which was validated in endothelial cells where downregulation of VEGFR2 was observed, extending the therapeutic scope to angiogenic diseases.
A Questionnaire Study of Accidents in Advanced Manufacturing Systems

Manufacturing automation has eliminated many traditional risks of injury, but new types of risks have appeared. In the United States only a limited amount of data is available on automated manufacturing-related accidents, or these data cannot be distinguished from general accident data. The purpose of this study was to collect data on accidents related to advanced manufacturing systems (CIMS). A questionnaire requesting information on one serious computer-integrated accident that occurred in the respondent's plant was used to collect the data. The presented results are based on the analysis of 85 cases. The cases included six fatal injuries, as well as several severe injuries that led to amputation. The results confirm the need to pay more attention to prevention of production disturbances in CIMS, especially in the case of material handling equipment. A relatively large amount of cases involving defeated safety devices calls for the design of intelligent safety systems that protect the human operator, bu...
Microsatellite markers developed from Theobroma cacao L. expressed sequence tags

Theobroma cacao L. expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were converted into useful genetic markers for fingerprinting individuals and genetic linkage mapping. Primers were designed to microsatellite-containing ESTs. Twenty-two T. cacao accessions, parents of various mapping populations segregating for disease resistance and crop yield characteristics, were tested. Twenty-seven informative loci were discovered with 26 primer pairs. The number of detected alleles ranged from two to 11 and averaged 4.4 per locus. All 27 markers could be mapped into at least one of the existing F 1 or F 2 populations segregating for agronomically important traits.
The Motivational Context

This paper suggests a psychological approach to the problem of context management in intelligent software. The user's motivational context is taken by the agent as its own motivational context. While traditional task-specific context problems still must be dealt with, the agent can use its semi-autonomous motivation to navigate these problems on the user's behalf. An implementation strategy is suggested.
How Can India Catch Up to China? The Importance of Social Investment

After twenty years of economic reform and liberalization, is India now on pace to close the development gap with China? To assess this prospect, I analyzed multi-decade trends across six dimensions of human capabilities crucial to both individual and national development: 1) economic, 2) health, 3) infrastructure, 4) knowledge and technology, 5) public administration and 6) gender equality. I also conducted a focused comparison of two industrial sectors: software services and equipment manufacturing. The evidence shows that India is starting to catch up in several sectors, but overall China currently has a significant lead on most economic and technological indicators. Whereas most scholars studying this divergence have focused on shifting economic policies as the key to convergence, I argue that lingering development gaps may primarily be a result of India’s lower levels of social investment. Thus, if India is to catch up and surpass China, it will not only need supportive economic policies but must also...
Abstract 63:TKTL1is activated by promoter hypomethylation and contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma carcinogenesis via increased aerobic glycolysis and HIF1-alpha stabilization

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Described decades ago, the “Warburg effect”, an elevation in aerobic glycolysis, is a fundamental property of cancer cells. Lactate and pyruvate, the end products of glycolysis, are highly produced by cancer cells even in the presence of oxygen. Previously, we observed promoter hypomethylation and overexpression of TKTL1 (Transkelolase-like 1) in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate whether aberrant expression of TKTL1 contributes to HNSCC tumorigenesis and whether this is associated with aerobic glycolytic metabolism. We found that TKTL1 exhibits high frequency of promoter hypomethylation in HNSCC tumors compared with the normal oral epithelial mucosa, correlating with its overexpression in HNSCC. Overexpression of TKTL1 in HNSCC cells promoted cellular proliferation and enhanced tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Further, in a murine xoenograft and human model of HNSCC, we found that overexpression of TKTL1 increased the production of fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, in turn elevating the production of pyruvate and lactate production accompanied by the elevated glucose uptake and ATP production. Importantly, overexpression of TKTL1 is associated with the normoxic stabilization of the malignancy-promoting transcription factor HIF1α by aerobic glycolytic metabolites including pyruvate and lactate. Notably, reduction of TKTL1 expression decreased HIF1α accumulation, and inhibition of HIF1α could abrogate the growth effects mediated by TKTL1 overexpression. These findings suggest that TKTL1 is a novel protooncogene that is epigenetically activated by aberrant hypomethylation and contributes to a malignant phenotype via altered glycolytic metabolism and HIF1α accumulation, providing opportunities for therapeutic targeting of metabolic pathways in cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 63.
114 Correlation of Acute Human and Murine Wound Healing with and without Topical Growth Factor Therapy

Background: Previously, we showed in a human forearm biopsy model of wound healing that acute healing dynamics can be characterized at the clinical and genetic level. Growth factor application by recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) accelerates the velocity of wound healing and modulates gene expression in wounds. To profile the function, structure, and genomics of acute healing, the human results were compared with a murine model of acute circular and incisional wounds. Methods: Full thickness 8 mm circular skin wounds and linear surgical incisional wounds were created in 6-week-old Balb-C mice and recombinant angiogenic growth factors (PDGF vs. PDGF/FGF2/VEGF) were administered topically to wounds daily. Velocity of healing and time to complete closure were determined by digital planimetry. Tissue was examined for histopathological, morphometric, functional, and gene expression parameters, and compared to human results. Results: Acute healing velocity can be quantified and compared in human and murine models. Linear incisions heal in distinct morphological, immunohistochemical and gene expression patterns compared to circular wounds. The cellular profile shows differences between wound types. Topical PDGF accelerates angiogenesis and time to complete acute healing. Human and murine gene expression was correlated. Results will be presented. Acknowledgments: Supported by a grant from The Angiogenesis Foundation
On a class of nonlinear nonclassical parabolic equations

We consider a class of problems in which traces of the first spacial derivative of the solution appear in the coefficients of a parabolic partial differential equation. Such problems arise in free boundary problems and the determination of unknown coefficients in various parabolic differential equations. Existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence on the data are demonstrated. The analysis involves a priori estimates and the Schauder fixed point theorem. Overall, the article generalizes some of the results of Cannon and Yin (1989, Journal of Differential Equations, 79, 266–288).
Patient satisfaction after surgical treatment for fistula-in-ano.

PURPOSE: The surgical treatment of fistula-in-ano frequently results in recurrence of the fistula or postoperative anal incontinence. Despite these problems, most patients are satisfied with the results of their surgery. To clarify this apparent discrepancy, we attempted to identify factors that affect patient's lifestyles and may contribute to their satisfaction. METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to 624 patients surgically treated for cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano at the University of Minnesota during a five-year period. Three hundred seventy-five patients returned their questionnaires. Patients who were followed up for a minimum of one year were included in this retrospective study. Associations between postoperative complications and patient satisfaction were identified by chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression. Attributable fractions for patient dissatisfaction were calculated using study population dissatisfaction rates. RESULTS: Patient satisfaction was strongly associated with fistula recurrence, difficulty holding gas, soiling of undergarment, and accidental bowel movements. Effects of incontinence on patient quality of life were also significantly associated with patient satisfaction as was the number of lifestyle activities affected by incontinence. Patients with fistula recurrence reported a higher dissatisfaction rate (61 percent) than did patients with anal incontinence (24 percent), but the attributable fraction of dissatisfaction for incontinence (84 percent) was greater than that for fistula recurrence (33 percent). Patient satisfaction was not significantly associated with age, gender, history of previous fistula surgery, type of fistula, surgical procedure, time since surgery, or operating surgeon. CONCLUSION: Patient satisfaction after surgical treatment for fistula-in-ano is associated with recurrence of the fistula, the development of anal incontinence, and with the effects of anal incontinence on patient lifestyle. In our series of patients treated mainly with laying open of the fistula tract, patients with fistula recurrence had a higher dissatisfaction rate than did patients with anal incontinence. However, because anal incontinence was more prevalent than fistula recurrence, a higher fraction of dissatisfaction was attributable to anal incontinence.
Asymptotic behavior of steady dendrite growth at far field.

The asymptotic behavior of the solution to steady dendrite growth with isotropic surface tension is examined. The results show that (1) at far field (z\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}), the deviation of the nonisothermal dendrite from an Ivantsov , where the eigenvalue ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}$ is within the interval (0,(1/2) and can be determined by the undercooling of the melt and (2) the asymptotic character of the dendrite at far field cannot be fully determined locally. It is also influenced by the behavior of the solution at the tip region. These results demonstrate that the conventional far-field boundary condition in which the difference between the dendrite and the Ivantsov paraboloid is vanishingly small is not correct. Moreover, the results also imply that for any finite surface tension linearization around the Ivantsov solution corresponding to zero surface tension may not be uniformly valid in the whole region (0\ensuremath{\le}z\ensuremath{\infty}). As a consequence, the conclusions drawn from the linearized system, such as the nonexistence of the steady solution and the ``solvability condition theory,'' are questionable.
Behavioral factors in crib death: Toward an understanding of the sudden infant death syndrome

Abstract An argument is presented that SIDS may be the developmental consequences of a learning disability resulting from difficulties in the transition from subcortical to cortical functioning in early infancy. We review evidence that primitive reflexes related to respiratory occlusion are present at birth and are gradually replaced by learned respiratory defense responses. In our model the focus is on the necessary conditions for learning in the shift from reflexive to learned responses, and the implications of this for interaction patterns in early infancy. This behavioral model of SIDS represents a new direction in the conception of the etiology of SIDS, viewing SIDS as a consequence both of physiological and early learning experiences. Our hope is that this model will lead researchers to examine more closely a range of experiential factors in order to obtain a better understanding of the pathways of SIDS, closely followed by plans for remedial measures, including possible preventative behavior modification in early infancy.
A sulfone-based strategy for the preparation of 2,4-disubstituted furan derivatives.

2,4-Disubstituted furans are prepared by treating 2,3-dibromo-1-phenylsulfonyl-1-propene (DBP, 2) with 1,3-diketones under basic conditions. The furan-forming step involves a deacetylation, and the selectivity of this process depends upon the steric demand of the R group. The substituent in position 4 is elaborated by reaction of sulfonyl carbanions with alkyl halides, acyl halides, and aldehydes. Oxidative or reductive desulfonylation produces the 2,4-disubstituted furans in 60–92% yield. This strategy has been used to prepare rabdoketone A (12) and the naturally occurring nematotoxic furoic acid 13.
ARE THE LACTOGENIC AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM HORMONES IDENTICAL?1

Lactation requires the mobilization of considerable amounts of carbohydrates (glucose and lactic acid) in the blood for the formation of lactose by the mammary gland (1). Following the discovery of the lactogenic hormone (lactogen), as well as a carbohydrate metabolism factor in the pituitary, the question arose as to whether these factors are identical or are separate principles. Evans (2) observed hyperglycemia and glycosuria in dogs injected with extracts rich in lactogen, but attempts to separate the two factors were unsuccessful. Nelson, Turner, and Overholser (3) injected monkeys and rabbits with potent lactogenic preparations. In the monkeys, lactation was not induced, neither was the blood sugar level elevated nor glycosuria observed. In pseudopregnant rabbits, marked lactation was induced, but no significant alteration in the blood glucose level occurred. Young (4) failed to secure an elevation of blood sugar or glucosuria in fasting rabbits by the injection of the lactogenic hormone. In a later ...
No-Insulation (NI) Winding Technique for Premature-Quench-Free NbTi MRI Magnets

This paper describes and discusses a No-Insulation (NI) winding technique that, based on experiment results of two test NbTi coils, promises to significantly improve stability and ease protection of high performance magnets; if applied to those used in marketplace MRI magnets, it may eradicate premature quenches that still afflict these magnets, though much less frequently than in the past. The key idea is that a single turn in an NI winding can, upon a quench, share the copper stabilizers of neighboring turns through turn-to-turn contacts. To demonstrate the main features of the NI technique, two test coils (Φ30 mm) were wound with insulated (INS) and no-insulation (NI) NbTi wires, respectively. The results presented in this paper include: 1) charge-discharge test results and field analyses showing that the NI field performance is essentially identical to that of the INS coil except a charging delay; and 2) charging test results where coil voltages were measured during critical current tests to imply that the NI coil is charged more stably than its INS counterpart.
WRI1 Is Required for Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment

Storage compound accumulation during seed development prepares the next generation of plants for survival. Therefore, processes involved in the regulation and synthesis of storage compound accumulation during seed development bear relevance to germination and seedling establishment. The wrinkled1 (wri1) mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is impaired in seed oil accumulation. The WRI1 gene encodes an APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein transcription factor involved in the control of metabolism, particularly glycolysis, in the developing seeds. Here we investigate the role of this regulatory factor in seed germination and seedling establishment by comparing the wri1-1 mutant, transgenic lines expressing the WRI1 wild-type cDNA in the wri1-1 mutant background, and the wild type. Plants altered in the expression of the WRI1 gene showed different germination responses to the growth factor abscisic acid (ABA), sugars, and fatty acids provided in the medium. Germination of the mutant was more sensitive to ABA, sugars, and osmolites, an effect that was alleviated by increased WRI1 expression in transgenic lines. The expression of ABA-responsive genes AtEM6 and ABA-insensitive 3 (ABI3) was increased in the wri1-1 mutant. Double-mutant analysis between abi3-3 and wri1-1 suggested that WRI1 and ABI3, a transcription factor mediating ABA responses in seeds, act in parallel pathways. Addition of 2-deoxyglucose inhibited seed germination, but did so less in lines overexpressing WRI1. Seedling establishment was decreased in the wri1-1 mutant but could be alleviated by sucrose. Apart from a possible signaling role in germination, sugars in the medium were required as building blocks and energy supply during wri1-1 seedling establishment.
Structural and biochemical characterization of MepR, a multidrug binding transcription regulator of the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug efflux pump MepA

MepR is a multidrug binding transcription regulator that represses expression of the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug efflux pump gene, mepA, as well as its own gene. MepR is induced by multiple cationic toxins, which are also substrates of MepA. In order to understand the gene regulatory and drug-binding mechanisms of MepR, we carried out biochemical, in vivo and structural studies. The 2.40 A resolution structure of drug-free MepR reveals the most open MarR family protein conformation to date, which will require a huge conformational change to bind cognate DNA. DNA-binding data show that MepR uses a dual regulatory binding mode as the repressor binds the mepA operator as a dimer of dimers, but binds the mepR operator as a single dimer. Alignment of the six half sites reveals the consensus MepR binding site, 5'-GTTAGAT-3'. ‘Drug’ binding studies show that MepR binds to ethidium and DAPI with comparable affinities (Kd = 2.6 and 4.5 μM, respectively), but with significantly lower affinity to the larger rhodamine 6G (Kd = 62.6 μM). Mapping clinically relevant or in vitro selected MepR mutants onto the MepR structure suggests that their defective repressor phenotypes are due to structural and allosteric defects.
Customer value: The next source for competitive advantage

Driven by more demanding customers, global competition, and slow-growth economies and industries, many organizations search for new ways to achieve and retain a competitive advantage. Past attempts have largely looked internally within the organization for improvement, such as reflected by quality management, reengineering, downsizing, and restructuring. The next major source for competitive advantage likely will come from more outward orientation toward customers, as indicated by the many calls for organizations to compete on superior customer value delivery. Although the reasons for these calls are sound, what are the implications for managing organizations in the next decade and beyond? This article addresses this question. It presents frameworks for thinking about customer value, customer value learning, and the related skills that managers will need to create and implement superior customer value strategies.
A simple technique for registering the direction of rotation of vectorcardiographic loops.

Abstract A technique has been described for recording the direction of rotation of vectorcardiographic loops easily and directly through the use of a timing signal of asymmetrical wave form. The advantages of the method and its technical aspects have been discussed briefly.
Multifocal choroiditis and choroidal neovascularization associated with the multiple evanescent white dot and acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome.

Background: Several recent articles have described syndromes in which there is enlargement of the blind spot associated with retinal lesions. These have included the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute macular neuroretinopathy, acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome, and multifocal choroiditis or pseudo presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (pseudo POHS). Methods: The authors reviewed the records of seven patients in whom signs and symptoms of acute enlargement of the blind spot and pseudo POHS developed. Results: All seven patients had photopsia accompanying enlargement of the blind spot during their illness. Four had transient white spots as seen in the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. All presented with or developed chorioretinal scars or neovascularization similar to that seen in multifocal choroiditis or pseudo POHS. In four of the seven patients, POHS-like scars developed only in the eye that was symptomatic with blind spot enlargement and photopsia. Five of the 7 had visual acuity of 20/25 or better at the last follow-up. Conclusion: It would appear that there is an overlap in the clinical findings of all of these syndromes and that there may be a common link in their etiology.