cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social vulnerability and participation in disaster recovery decisions: public housing in Galveston after Hurricane

In September 2008, Hurricane Ike caused massive damages to Galveston Island’s residential structures including four public housing developments. These developments were located in neighborhoods with some of the lowest incomes and highest percentages of people of color on the Island. Four months later, the Galveston Housing Authority (GHA) decided to demolish all four developments consisting of 569 housing units due to the damages to the buildings. Today, despite federal regulations requiring reconstruction, court orders mandating replacement of the demolished units, and available funding, only 142 low-income apartments have been rebuilt. We used the social vulnerability framework to understand these outcomes through the ability of groups to shape post-disaster recovery decisions. This paper argues that one of the overlooked characteristics of social vulnerability is a diminished ability to participate in post-disaster decision-making. We found that social vulnerability limited participation through three distinct mechanisms: the physical displacement of public housing residents, the stigmatization of public housing, and the reduction of residents to housing units in the debates. There were few local advocates arguing for the preservation of public housing units and even fewer remaining residents to speak up for themselves in the face of strong local resistance to the reconstruction of public housing units or the return of public housing residents. The void of a strong and authentic local pro-public housing perspective in Galveston provided an opening for various local campaigns to claim that their desired plan benefited the poor. The disaster recovery became an opportunity to remove or reduce public housing units and therefore public housing residents. Our findings show the dynamic features of vulnerability. While static factors of vulnerability can limit access to resources for recovery, dynamic processes of social marginalization and exclusion limit the voices of socially vulnerable groups in recovery decisions and exacerbate marginalization.
α-Machines and β-Machines

According to the religious world view, a human being occupies a specially elevated position in the order of creation. He is supposed to have been created in the image of God, which of course, does not mean that any part of his body has been fashioned to resemble God’s but that he has been endowed with something special — characteristic of the Divine — a mind. This spark of God, which is in him, transforms him from a mere material system into a spiritual being.
A COMPREHENSIVE THERMAL SHOCK AND FATIGUE METHODOLOGY FOR CERAMICS IN ENERGY APPLICATIONS

A comprehensive thermal shock and fatigue methodology was developed for ceramics used in indirect heating and heat-exchanger applications. The methodology employed a narrow circumferential helium quench to thermally shock and fatigue three commercially available silicon carbide tubes from 1000 0 C Detailed transient temperature measurements required for thermal and stress calculations were obtained through the use of micro-thermocouples positioned along the internal surface of the tubes. Acoustic emissions were used for in situ monitoring of crack initiation and propagation of the resident flaw populations during single and repeated (up to 10) thermal shocks. Destructive burst tests were then used to correlate the existence, extent, and statistical (Weibull) nature of the damage induced by the cycling. Results indicated a vulnerability of all three materials to thermal shock damage with evidence of fatigue mechanisms also at work. In any case, the complex stress distributions computed from an FEA-based inverse heat transfer analysis were required to understand the observed damage and apparent fatigue behavior.
Efficient Fractionation by Ion Exchange

Methods for improving the efficiency of large-scale chromatographic ion exchange fractionation will be discussed. For both ”migration” chromatography (the band moves at a finite speed) and ”on-off” chromatography (the material is eluted only when conditions are changed) operation with smaller diameter particles and faster cycles will increase resin productivity. Other methods for on-off chromatography include using layers of different resins, using beds in series, and using moving bed techniques for preliminary fractionation. The efficiency of migration chromatography can be improved by using recycle of segmented recycle, column switching, moving port methods, simulated moving beds, and two-way chromatography methods.
Estimating the Parameters

Once the models had been rewritten in terms of the orthonormal model functions, we were able to remove the nuisance parameters {A} and σ. The integrals performed in removing the nuisance parameters were all Gaussian or gamma integrals; therefore, one can always compute the posterior moments of these parameters.
Dark Parties: Dark Money Networks and Political Parties after Citizens United.

Following the Supreme Court’s 2010 decision in Citizens United v. FEC, independent expenditures have grown dramatically both in terms of raw dollars and as a percentage of spending in elections. A large and growing portion comes from political nonprofits—so called “dark money” groups—named because the terms of their incorporation allow them to partially obscure the sources of their income. I develop a new data set of about 2,350,000 tax documents released by the IRS and use it to test a new theory of spending in Congressional elections. I posit that the pathways for anonymous giving that emerged from the Citizens United decision allowed ideologically motivated interest groups to form new networks and create new pathways for money into candidate races apart from established factions of political parties. Akin to networked party organizations discovered by other scholars, these networked dark money groups channel money from central hubs to peripheral electioneering groups. Viewed holistically, including dark money groups into the party network frame reshapes the network as a whole–making previously peripheral nodes more important to the larger network and redefining the role that party organizations and interest groups fulfill in party networks.
Development of Scoring Rubrics for IS Projects as an Assessment Tool

This paper describes the experience of the authors with the development of scoring rubrics for projects in the core subjects of an Information Systems program. It presents an overview of student learning assessment issues in professional courses and the role of educational projects for that purpose. Then the steps of deriving project rubrics in different subjects across the Information Systems program are shown along with some suggestions for future work.
Predicting 3-month risk for adolescent suicide attempts among pediatric emergency department patients.

Background The incidence of adolescent suicide is rising in the United States, yet we have limited information regarding short-term prediction of suicide attempts. Our aim was to identify predictors of suicide attempts within 3-months of an emergency department (ED) visit. Methods Adolescents, ages 12-17, seeking health care at 13 pediatric EDs (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network) and one Indian Health Service Hospital in the United States were consecutively recruited. Among 10,664 approached patients, 6,448 (60%) were enrolled and completed a suicide risk survey. A subset of participants (n = 2,897) was assigned to a 3-month telephone follow-up, and 2,104 participants completed this follow-up (73% retention). Our primary outcome was a suicide attempt between the ED visit and 3-month follow-up. Results One hundred four adolescents (4.9%) made a suicide attempt between enrollment and 3-month follow-up. A large number of baseline predictors of suicide attempt were identified in bivariate analyses. The final multivariable model for the full sample included the presence of suicidal ideation during the past week, lifetime severity of suicidal ideation, lifetime history of suicidal behavior, and school connectedness. For the subgroup of adolescents who did not report recent suicidal ideation at baseline, the final model included only lifetime severity of suicidal ideation and social connectedness. Among males, the final model included only lifetime severity of suicidal ideation and past week suicidal ideation. For females, the final model included past week suicidal ideation, lifetime severity of suicidal ideation, number of past-year nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) incidents, and social connectedness. Conclusions Results indicate that the key risk factors for adolescent suicide attempts differ for subgroups of adolescents defined by sex and whether or not they report recent suicidal thoughts. Results also point to the importance of school and social connectedness as protective factors against suicide attempts.
Generative adversarial network for improving deep learning based malware classification

The generative adversarial network (GAN) had been successfully applied in many domains in the past, the GAN network provides a new approach for solving computer vision, object detection and classification problems by learning, mimicking and generating any distribution of data. One of the difficulties in deep learning-based malware detection and classification tasks is lacking of training malware samples. With insufficient training data the classification performance of the deep model could be compromised significantly. To solve this issue, in this paper, we propose a method which uses the Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (DCGAN) to generate synthetic malware samples. Our experiment results show that by using the DCGAN generated adversarial synthetic malware samples, the classification accuracy of the classifier --- a 18-layer deep residual network is significantly improved by approximately 6%.
CRT-600.53 Association of Diabetes Mellitus With Poor Outcomes in Patients With Infective Endocarditis

While studies have demonstrated an increased risk for infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), it is unclear if the coexistence of DM and IE portends a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes. We reviewed the records of 11,955 patients from the National Inpatient Sample (
Clearance, localization and catabolism of intravenously administered protein antigens in lactating mice.

Dietary protein antigens including wheat, cows milk proteins, and ovalbumin have been identified in breast milk of lactating women (1–3). The quantity of antigen reported has varied depending on the individual study. Wheat (3) and cows milk proteins (1) were detected by immunoprecipitation at concentrations of about 1 µg/ml, while ovalbumin (OVA) and beta-lacto-globulin (a specific cow’s milk protein not present in human serum or milk) were detected in the range of 100 pg/ml to 6 ng/ml (2). Methodologic variations have been suggested to account for these differences in dietary antigen levels in breast milk (2). An alternate hypothesis is that inherent differences in the protein molecules themselves, in their processing in the lactating female or in their mechanism(s) of transport into breast milk, may account for the differences in reported concentrations. In the present experiments, we examined the pattern of clearance of four radiolabeled protein antigens from maternal circulation in the mouse, and their localization and catabolism within selected tissues.
Diagnostic and Procedure Coding for Sleep Disorders

Sleep medicine services include the evaluation of adult and pediatric populations for sleep disorders by performing diagnostic and treatment related procedures. Several coding systems are used with the assignment of the diagnosis and performance of diagnostic procedures. The three main diagnostic manuals detailing the coding systems are International Classification of Disease (ICD), International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), and the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual (DSM). The main coding system for billing of services is the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) for clinical evaluations, diagnostic, and other procedures performed on patients. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) provides a standardized coding system known as the Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System (HCPCS). The coding systems of the International Classification of Disease, the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual, and the Current Procedural Terminology as they apply to sleep disorder diagnoses are discussed in this chapter.
The Necessity of Interdisciplinary Software Development for Building Viable Research Platforms: Case Study in Automated Drug Delivery in Diabetes

Developing viable and robust software is an inescapable artifact of graduate research. The challenges lie in the complexities of developing, deploying, and securing software to support the research objectives. Combined with the transitive nature of students, the management of the software development and launch process is an arduous task. A standardized framework for developing and launching complex software is required. Within a university, individual departments do not typically possess the expertise, resources, software and infrastructure to translate research results to a viable product or tool. Extending upon the research of Hilton et al., [5] we designed a software development pipeline in an integrated multi-disciplinary research context. The integrated and collaborative software pipeline formulated from the onset of the project streamlines the development phase and provides an iterative feedback and testing environment. This approach is applied to the development of automated insulin delivery systems, with the synergistic efforts of interdisciplinary teams yielding a mobile application and server software solutions, and a framework for the iterative advancement of the software capabilities into the future.
May 1968: Anticolonial Revolution for a Decolonial Future

In this essay I argue May ‘68 was (1) in its way an anticolonial revolution, since it was directed against a President and government that had been imposed on France ten years previously by the col...
Associations Between Common Forms of Psychopathology and Fecundity: Evidence From a Prospective, Longitudinal Twin Study:

We examined associations between common psychiatric disorders and fecundity in a population-based cohort of 1252 twins prospectively assessed from adolescence into adulthood. Major depressive, anxiety, and alcohol use disorders were associated with lower likelihood of having children and having fewer children. Survival analyses yielded similar results accounting for timing/recurrence. Although both early- and adult-onset psychiatric disorders were associated with decreased fecundity, early-onset major depressive, anxiety (among boys), and alcohol use disorders (among girls) were associated with greater likelihood of having a child during adolescence. Among twin pairs discordant for psychiatric disorders, twins affected by anxiety and alcohol use, but not major depressive, disorders were less likely to have children than unaffected co-twins. However, unaffected twins with an affected co-twin were no more likely to have children than twins from unaffected twin pairs, inconsistent with the balancing selection hypothesis that increased fecundity in unaffected relatives accounts for persistence of psychiatric disorders.
Aiding Adherence to Glaucoma Medications: A Systematic Review.

Purpose To provide a comprehensive assessment of the strategies studied to date that focus on improving glaucoma medication adherence. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), and Scopus (Elsevier) from inception to March 1, 2021, of publications describing a device or strategy used to improve glaucoma medication adherence. Results 42 studies described by 50 papers were included. Five categories were identified: reminder systems, medication simplifications, behavioral change programs, education, and alternative engagement strategies. Conclusion Most studies (40 of the 42) addressed the question of improved adherence directly, with 26 finding improved adherence. Notably, 14 examined the clinical effects of the intervention, either in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) or visual fields. Only three found an improvement in IOP. None demonstrated a between group difference in visual field progression.
Flow parameter estimation using laser absorption spectroscopy and approximate Bayesian computation

Given spatially sparse or lower dimensional experimental measurements, approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) and numerical simulations can be used to estimate unknown characteristics of complex multi-physics engineering systems. Here, we describe the ABC approach and use it to estimate the speed of high-temperature gases exiting an industrially relevant catalytic burner, as well as to estimate the completeness of combustion within the burner. Using vertical profiles of absorption-weighted average temperature from laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) at three different burner operating conditions, we combine ABC and large eddy simulations (LES) to generate posterior distributions of inflow speeds and heat addition characteristics above the burner. We show that the ABC method correctly estimates trends in the inflow speed for different conditions, and we find that there is a strong likelihood of incomplete combustion for higher equivalence ratios. We evaluate the predictive capability of the approach using an observing system experiment, indicating that the ABC method, when combined with LES, is able to accurately predict LAS measurements. We thus demonstrate that ABC is an effective tool for obtaining additional insights from available experimental measurements, thereby improving understanding of real-world engineering systems.
Isotopic tracer evidence for the amorphous calcium carbonate to calcite transformation by dissolution–reprecipitation

Abstract Observations that some biogenic and sedimentary calcites grow from amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) raise the question of how this mineralization process influences composition. However, the detailed pathway and geochemical consequences of the ACC to calcite transformation are not well constrained. This experimental study investigated the formation of calcite from ACC by using magnesium and calcium stable isotope labeling to directly probe the transformation pathway and controls on composition. Four processes were considered: dissolution–reprecipitation, solid state transformation, and combinations of these end-members. To distinguish between these scenarios, ACC was synthesized from natural isotope abundance solutions and subsequently transferred to spiked solutions that were enriched in 43 Ca and 25 Mg for the transformation to calcite. Isotope measurements by NanoSIMS determined the 43 Ca/ 40 Ca, and 25 Mg/ 24 Mg ratios of the resulting calcite crystals. Analysis of the data shows the transformation is best explained by a dissolution–reprecipitation process. We find that when a small amount of ACC is transferred, the isotopic signals in the resulting calcite are largely replaced by the composition of the surrounding spiked solution. When larger amounts of ACC are transferred, calcite compositions reflect a mixture between the ACC and initial solution end-member. Comparisons of the measurements to the predictions of a simple mixing model indicate that calcite compositions (1) are sensitive to relative amounts of ACC and the surrounding solution reservoir and (2) are primarily governed by the conditions at the time of ACC transformation rather than the initial ACC formation. Shifts in calcite composition over the duration of the transformation period reflect the progressive evolution of the local solution conditions. This dependence indicates the extent to which there is water available would change the end point composition on the mixing line. While these findings have significant geochemical implications, the question remains whether this transformation pathway is generally followed when biomineralization involves ACC or is particular to these inorganic experiments. Insights from this study nonetheless suggest that some types of compositional variability, such as ‘vital effects’, may be explained in-part by a co-evolution of reservoir and products over the duration of the transformation.
Protein synthesis in brain slices. Effects of electrical stimulation and acidic amino acids.

Abstract Protein synthesis in brain slices was followed by the incorporation of 14C-amino acid, mostly 14C-valine; it remained steady for at least 4 hours at 37°. When applied for 15 min or longer, electrical stimulation of slices, by use of alternating line current reduced to 0.5 to 3 volts, inhibited protein synthesis increasingly, the inhibition reaching a plateau at 1.5 volts. For comparison, the paired slice technique was used. When stimulation was in the presence of uniformly labeled 14C-glucose, only slight inhibition of 14C incorporation into proteins was found. However, electrical stimulation also increases the conversion of glucose to amino acids. Therefore, the pool of 14C-labeled amino acids increases with stimulation. If this is taken into account, the degree of inhibition of protein synthesis due to electrical stimulation becomes equal whether the amino acid is internally produced from glucose or is added to the suspending fluid. Acidic amino acids that have excitatory effect on nerves in vivo were found to inhibit protein synthesis in brain slices in the following order of decreasing percentage inhibition: dl-homocysteate (47%), l-glutamate (34%), d-aspartate (35%), and dl-α-aminoadipate (17%). Exposure was for 60 min at 37°. The order is approximately parallel to their excitatory potency on nerves. In both electrical and chemical stimulation, the inhibition of protein synthesis was poorly reversible or irreversible. Analogous effects of electrical stimulation or acidic amino acids were not found with kidney slices. Amino acid permeation in brain slices was unaffected by electrical or chemical stimulation.
Investigating Causal Pathways Linking Site-Level Characteristics, Compliance, and Ecological Performance in Caribbean MPAs

A rapidly growing body of empirical evidence has linked improved ecological performance of social–ecological systems (SES) with better compliance with rules governing human activities. Researchers have proposed several key factors that motivate an individual to comply with resource use rules, including deterrence, social pressures, moral inclinations, and perceived legitimacy of rules and responsible authorities. Much of the research on compliance proposes causal mechanisms at the individual human level, but few studies test causal paths with empirical data particularly at the site level. This study tested a proposed pathway for explaining overall compliance rates and ecological performance in SES using data from structured surveys of community members, key informant interviews, policy documents, and coral reef surveys at marine protected areas (MPAs) and their associated human communities in the wider Caribbean. Findings indicate that compliance and other active MPA management interventions positively af...
Eight Things Americans Can't Figure Out About Controlling Administrative Power

Administrative law is difficult because it reflects a tension between two fundamental impulses that pull in opposite directions. Effective government requires the allocation of discretionary power to agency officials, but for agency governance to be legitimate, administrative law must find ways to mediate this power, but not too much, robbing agencies of their effectiveness. We assume that other polities face similar difficulties and that the project of comparative administrative law therefore may suggest how to clarify and reform American administrative law. Written for a comparative administrative law conference, this Essay tries to advance cross-understanding by discussing issues of American administrative law that have been especially troublesome and contentious. Our discussion of eight things Americans cannot figure out about controlling administrative power leads us to conclude: (a) it is not clear which elected branch is in charge; (b) efforts to democratize policy formation are deeply problematic; and (c) administrative policy is hopelessly conflicted with regard to the scope of judicial power to tell agencies what to do.
Heating of current-free stellarators

Abstract Recent results from large stellarator experiments have shown that current-free operation may be the optimum mode of operation for these devices. RF heating has provided good heating efficiency. Neutral beam heating may be effective provided enhanced transport due to helical ripples is not significant.
Uma proposta de reforma: um dividendo global de recursos

As privacoes sofridas pelas pessoas mais pobres dos paises pobres devem ser entendidas, nao como eventos pelos quais os mundialmente mais privilegiados nao tem nenhuma responsabilidade, e sim como injusticas produzidas por uma estrutura institucional comum. A erradicacao dessas privacoes, em consequencia, depende de uma reforma nas instituicoes (sobretudo economicas) globais. O artigo argumenta em favor de uma das propostas de reforma que tem sido discutidas: a introducao de um dividendo global que incidiria sobre a utilizacao de recursos naturais e sobre as atividades poluidoras. Os recursos arrecadados seriam destinados a erradicacao da miseria no mundo todo.
Long-Chain Fatty Acid Inhibition of Growth of Streptococcus agalactiae in a Chemically Defined Medium

Willett, Norman P. (University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pa.), and Guy E. Morse. Long-chain fatty acid inhibition of growth of Streptococcus agalactiae in a chemically defined medium. J. Bacteriol. 91:2245-2250. 1966.-A chemically defined medium was developed for Streptococcus agalactiae which supported growth comparable to that obtained in complex medium. The effects of long-chain fatty acids on growth of the organisms were determined turbidimetrically. The order of activity of the fatty acids was dependent upon whether complete inhibition or median response (50% inhibition point) was used as a parameter of activity. When complete inhibition of growth was used as a measure, the degree of unsaturation of C(18) acids enhanced antimicrobial activity. However, when the median response was used as an index, this order was reversed. Increase in carbon chain from C(12) to C(18) did not correlate with either complete inhibition or median response points. Antimicrobial activity of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids was reversed by bovine serum albumin and other compounds, suggesting a bacteriostatic action.
Approximate Lexicography and Web Search

The term ‘approximate lexicography’ was introduced by Grefenstette (1998) as a promising way forward—a third way—between warring factions in linguistics (Chomsky 1957) and engineering (Brown et al. 1992). Like most compromises, this one is not perfect, but not bad. Grefenstette attributed approximate lexicography to several people, including Adam Kilgarriff, Jeremy Clear and myself, but in fact, my generation came to this position only after years of persuasive arguments by John Sinclair.
A psychoacoustic effect upon mood and its relation to affective instability.

Abstract An examination of psychoacoustic effect upon mood and its relation to affective instability in patients. This study attempted to verify and further delineate the phenomena of sound recordings of the Environments series as a type of externalized meditation in groups of acutely psychotic patients using placebo-controlled techniques.
Classical and quantal flux in the optical model

Abstract In a semi-classical theory, direct interactions are described by two-body collisions at points in the nucleus. To describe the initial conditions for the collision we need to know the momentum of the incident particle, the probability of finding it at the collision point, and the probability of a collision occurring. These were calculated first by describing the particles by classical rays which can be refracted and absorbed by an optical potential. In the process of making these calculations it was found that the transmission coefficients for a particle following a given ray through the nucleus were not always in agreement with transmission coefficients calculated by quantum mechanics for the corresponding partial wave. To investigate this point the average flux and its divergence were calculated from the classical ray picture. The values of these quantities were found to be close to those of corresponding quantities calculated by quantum mechanics in the same potential where they are significantly large, but large differences were found the flux and divergence are small. We conclude that the probability of a particle appearing at a point in the nucleus is, in general, not uniquely connected with the corresponding probability of finding it at a point outside, as is implied by a ray calculation. That is, the disturbance at any interior point is influenced by several partial waves. However, a classical flux calculation is sufficiently accurate to be useful in certain applications.
Antepartum depression severity is increased during seasonally longer nights: Relationship to melatonin and cortisol timing and quantity

Current research suggests that mood varies from season to season in some individuals, in conjunction with light-modulated alterations in chronobiologic indices such as melatonin and cortisol. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of seasonal variations in darkness on mood in depressed antepartum women, and to determine the relationship of seasonal mood variations to contemporaneous blood melatonin and cortisol measures; a secondary aim was to evaluate the influence of seasonal factors on measures of melancholic versus atypical depressive symptoms. We obtained measures of mood and overnight concentrations of plasma melatonin and serum cortisol in 19 depressed patients (DP) and 12 healthy control (HC) antepartum women, during on-going seasonal variations in daylight/darkness, in a cross-sectional design. Analyses of variance showed that in DP, but not HC, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) scores were significantly higher in women tested during seasonally longer versus shorter nights. This exacerbation of depressive symptoms occurred when the dim light melatonin onset, the melatonin synthesis offset, and the time of maximum cortisol secretion (acrophase) were phase-advanced (temporally shifted earlier), and melatonin quantity was reduced, in DP but not HC. Serum cortisol increased across gestational weeks in both the HC and DP groups, which did not differ significantly in cortisol concentration. Nevertheless, serum cortisol concentration correlated positively with HRSD score in DP but not HC; notably, HC showed neither significant mood changes nor altered melatonin and cortisol timing or quantity in association with seasonal variations. These findings suggest that depression severity during pregnancy may become elevated in association with seasonally related phase advances in melatonin and cortisol timing and reduced melatonin quantity that occur in DP, but not HC. Thus, women who experience antepartum depression may be more susceptible than their nondepressed counterparts to phase alterations in melatonin and cortisol timing during seasonally longer nights. Interventions that phase delay melatonin and/or cortisol timing-for example, increased exposure to bright evening light-might serve as an effective intervention for antepartum depressions whose severity is increased during seasonally longer nights.
Sp1 Mediates Glucose Activation of the Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Promoter

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of fatty acids, is induced in the presence of high glucose levels. The ACC gene contains two promoters: promoter I (PI) expression is inducible under lipogenic conditions, while promoter II (PII) expression, even though constitutively expressed in all tissues, is also controlled under various physiological conditions. Examination of the expression pattern of a series of deletion constructs of PII showed that the region from −340 to −249 was essential for ACC induction. In addition, by electrophoretic mobility shift assays, supershift assays, and DNase I footprinting studies, we have detected the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 at the two GC-rich sequences located within the −340 to −249 region of promoter II. Mutations at the GC-rich sequences prevented binding of Sp1, and the induction of the PII promoter was no longer observed. Cotransfection studies, in Drosophila Schneider SL2 cells, with the Sp1 expression vector and PII-CAT constructs, have further confirmed the activation of promoter II by Sp1. In addition, we have identified Sp3, another member of the Sp1 family of transcription factors, as a second factor that can bind to the glucose response elements of PII.
Enhancement of Penetration of Penicillin into Inflamed and Normal Mucous Membrane by Hyaluronidase.

SummaryThe instillation of 200,000 units of crystalline penicillin G into We diseased and normal paranasal antrum is well tolerated and except for the development of an allergic reaction in one patient, was without any adverse effect. In 24 out of 26 patients with chronic suppurative disease of the sinuses and in all 5 normal subjects, a significant penicillin level in the blood was found after the intra-antral instillation.In both groups, the addition of hyaluronidase to the instilled penicillin resulted in even higher blood levels than those found without its use, with one exception. In two patients in whom no blood level could be demonstrated, the addition of hyaluronidase resulted in a significant concentration of penicillin in the blood. It is postulated that the increased blood penicillin level following hyaluronidase is due to greater diffusion and penetration of the penicillin as a result of the spreading action of hyaluronidase.
New Precursors for Barium Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. In situ Growth of Epitaxial Barium Titanate Films Using a Liquid Barium Precursor

The synthesis and characterization of two low melting point barium-organic MOCVD precursors, Ba(hfa)[sub 2][center dot]CH[sub 3]O(CH[sub 2]CH[sub 2]O)[sub 5]C[sub 2]H[sub 5] and Ba(hfa)[sub 2][center dot]CH[sub 3]O(CH[sub 2]CH[sub 2]O)[sub 6]-n-C[sub 4]H[sub 9] are reported. The complexes were synthesized by reaction of n-C[sub 3]H[sub 7]NH[sub 3][sup +]hfa[sup [minus]] solutions in DMF with aqueous DMF solutions of Ba(NO[sub 3])[sub 2] and the corresponding polyethers. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis of 4 reveals a monomeric 10-coordinate, bicapped square antiprismatic configuration about barium with only six of the available seven oxygen atoms of 2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxatetracosane coordinated, thus leaving a dangling, uncoordinated n-butoxy substituent.
Effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation on broiler performance, intestinal nutrient transport and integrity under experimental conditions with increased microbial challenge

1. The effects of Aspergillus oryzae- and Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbials (DFM) were investigated on the performance, ileal nutrient transport and intestinal integrity of broiler chickens, raised under experimental conditions, with increased intestinal microbial challenge. 2. The first study was a 3 × 2 factorial experiment, with 3 dietary treatments (control (CON), CON + DFM and CON + antibiotic growth promoter) with and without challenge. Chicks were fed experimental diets from 1 to 28 d, while the challenge was provided by vaccinating with 10 times the normal dose of commercial coccidial vaccine on d 9. In a second experiment, two groups of 1 d-old broilers, housed on built-up litter (uncleaned from two previous flocks), were fed the same CON and CON + DFM diets from 1 to 21 d. 3. The challenge in the first experiment reduced performance, but no differences were observed among dietary treatments from 8 to 28 d. The challenge reduced the ileal epithelial flux for D-glucose, L-lysine, DL-methionine and phosphorus on d 21. Epithelial flux for D-glucose, L-lysine and DL-methionine were increased by DFM. Ileal trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) was increased in challenged broilers fed DFM, although this was not observed in unchallenged birds as indicated by a significant interaction. 4. Ileal mucin mRNA expression and colon TER were increased, and colon endotoxin permeability was reduced by DFM on d 21 in the second experiment. 5. It was concluded that the addition of DFM in the diet improved the intestinal integrity of broiler chickens raised under experimental conditions designed to provide increased intestinal microbial challenge.
Morphology and fertility of guinea pig spermatozoa aged in vivo.

The morphology and fertility of spermatozoa from vasa deferentia of guinea pigs were observed following hemicastration or castration for approximately 40 days. The morphology of these aged sperm was studied from living and fixed preparations. Fertilizing ability was assayed by artificial insemination of estrous females and subsequent counting of embryos. Spermatozoa underwent morphological changes including dissociation of rouleaux, curving of tails, and loss of acrosomes; physiological changes included a decline in the number of sperm with progressive motility and increased numbers of immotile spermatozoa with time after the operations. The fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa was maintained for approximately 30 days in both groups. However, sperm from one of the hemicastrated males resulted in conception 36 days postopera-tion. The data suggest that the loss of motility and decline in fertilizing ability were the result of spermatozoan senescence rather than testicular androgen deficiency.
Multi-Imaging Assessment of the Congenital Mitral Arcade

![Figure][1] [![Graphic][3] ][3][![Graphic][4] ][4][![Graphic][5] ][5] A 25-year-old female with heart failure diagnosed in infancy presented with progressive exertional dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe mitral regurgitation and thickening of the mitral
Religion as a Community Resource for Well‐Being: Prevention, Healing, and Empowerment Pathways

The potential of religion as a resource for well-being is examined, with special focus on prevention, healing, and empowerment pathways of influence— pathways operative both inside congregations and in outreach to the community beyond the congregation. Concerning the prevention pathway, religion offers potentially important access to families and children, and the resources of support, lifestyle values, community access, and volunteers. For the healing pathway, religion offers unique and powerful means and vantage points for influencing cognitions, emotions, and behaviors. Concerning group empowerment, religion has the potential to facilitate groups' critical awareness of oppressive forces, to offer compelling alternative visions and cultural values, and to mobilize human and institutional resources. Psychologists are encouraged to focus more effort on learning from and working with religion and religious organizations to enhance their potential for prevention, healing, and empowerment in the community. A number of limitations and potential negative influences of religion in community contexts are also discussed.
Cation antisite defects and antisite-interstitial complexes in gallium arsenide

The atomic geometries of Ga and B antisites in GaAs are proposed to be strongly bistable. As the Fermi level is lowered towards the valence-band maximum, a structural change from fourfold to threefold coordination is predicted to occur. The Ga antisite is found to be metastable with respect to atomic exchange in the presence of an As interstitial. The antisite-interstitial complex has a large 2.9-eV binding energy but a small 0.3-eV barrier to Ga-As exchange.
The cross as green tree in the Vindicta Salvatoris and the green rod of Moses in exodus

Dans un texte en vieil-anglais (Exodus), il est dit que Moise separe les eaux de la mer a l'aide d'un « signe vert ». L'etude des trois versions de « Vindicta Salvatoris », dans lesquelles il est dit que le Christ a ete crucifie sur un arbre vert, eclaire sans doute cette image
Configuration agents, control and privacy

When a truly diverse community of users is considered, it is clear that a single interface, no matter how well designed, cannot accommodate everyone. Configuring an interface to match a particular user's requirements can be a demanding task. This paper focuses on the potential utility of configuration agents to support users with low initial levels of control, or low levels of knowledge about configuration. The relationship between configuration of systems by agents, user control, and user privacy is discussed. It is argued that privacy issues are of primary importance, and suggestions are made for ways to apply agent technologies to the configuration problem without compromising user control and privacy. Work in progress to inform and further develop these issues is described.
Physical Properties of Pecans Relating to Shelling Efficiency

Inshell pecans of 21 cultivars and numbered trial selections were evaluated for selected physical properties and for their adaptability to be efficiently shelled by existing commercial technology. Processing efficiency was based on yield of unbroken half kernels during shelling. There were highly significant differences among varieties in both selected physical properties and shelling efficiency. Correlations between shelling efficiency and physical properties were determined. Results showed that percent total kernel, inshell length/diameter ratio and shell thickness were the physical properties that appeared to have the greatest effect on shelling efficiency.
Reactively sputtered doped hafnium nitride coatings

Abstract Doping of hafnium nitride (HfN) coatings increases the hardness by as much as 50% over that of undoped coatings. Pure hafnium nitride coatings prepared via-high-rate reactive sputtering are already considerably harder than bulk HfN material. The Vickers microhardness (100 gf) of reactively-sputtered HfN has an optical hardness of 3280 kgf mm -2 compared with 1600 kgf mm -2 for the bulk material. Powder metal Research S-Gun targets were prepared with 1 at.% of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth in them. These doped targets were reactively sputtered in a nitrogen atmosphere onto M-2 high speed steel, and the hardness, crystallographic structure and chemical composition of these doped HfN coatings were measured. In all cases, the crystal structure remained basically f.c.c. with a lattice parameter of 4.56 A. Electron beam microprobe analysis was not able to detect any of the dopants in the coatings, but the hardness measurements did show a difference that was dependent on the particular dopant. The measured Vickers (100 gf) optical microhardnesses for HfN:P, HfN:As, HfN:Sb and HfN:Bi were 3570 kgf mm -2 , 3850 kgf mm -2 , 4920 kgf mm -2 and 4370 kgf mm -2 respectively.
Impact of ethnicity on surgical margins at radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE To determine if the rate of positive surgical margins (PSMs), and in particular apical PSMs, at radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer, is higher in African-American (AA) than Caucasian men, given their often narrower and deeper pelvis. PATIENTS AND METHODS From 1999 to 2007, 3145 consecutive patients underwent RP, either open retropubic (RRP) or laparoscopic (LRP), with no previous treatment, by one of five surgeons. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the effect of ethnicity (AA vs Caucasian) on overall and site-specific PSMs, adjusting for age, body mass index, RP approach (RRP vs LRP), surgeon, surgeon case number, year of surgery, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen level, specimen weight, estimated blood loss, pathological organ-confined status, and pathological Gleason score. RESULTS In all, 205 men were AA and 2940 Caucasian; PSMs were identified in 376 (12.0%) men, 35 (17.1%) in AA and 341 (11.6%) in Caucasian men. PSMs were identified at the apex in 148 (4.7%), the bladder neck in 29 (0.9%), posteriorly in 169 (5.4%), and anteriorly in 78 (2.5%) men. For apical PSM, ethnicity was a significant predictor, with an odds ratio of 1.76 (95% confidence interval 1.01–3.04, P = 0.045) for AA vs Caucasian, independent of pathological organ-confined status and PSA level. Ethnicity was not a significant independent predictor of overall PSMs or PSMs at other sites (bladder neck, posteriorly, or anteriorly). CONCLUSIONS The rate of apical PSMs, but not overall PSMs, at RP was higher in AA than Caucasian men, controlling for other covariates. Further investigation is necessary to determine if pelvic shape is responsible for this observation.
The Growth of Facular Area Surrounding Large, Decaying Sunspots

In a previous paper, we investigated the facular area around 31 decaying sunspots of varied size. The growth of facular area as a function of spot decay was marginally significant (r2 = 0.1255, p = 0.05). Using new data, this paper examines the change in facular area surrounding large decaying sunspots some of which grew very rapidly. The data are from full-disk photometric images taken with CFDT2 (2.5″ pixels). For 10 sunspots, we find a statistically significant increase in facular area as a function of the spot decay rate with a regression coefficient, squared, of r2 = 0.611 (p < 0.02).
On the Robustness of Exactly Constrained Mechanical Assemblies

In recent years a number of practicing engineers have discussed the virtues of exactly constrained (EC) mechanical assemblies. While found by engineers in industry to have many benefits, EC designs remain somewhat unrecognized by academia. One reason for this minimal exposure may be the lack of a mathematical foundation for such designs. EC designs can be analyzed quite simply by understanding that they are statically determinate. This paper describes the history and current background for EC designs. It also begins to develop the mathematical foundation for EC design based on equations of equilibrium. Finally, it examines a Monte Carlo simulation of the effects of variation on EC assemblies vs. over-constrained assemblies. The EC design assembles 100% of the time, while the over-constrained design assembles only 50% of the time with greater error.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
EFFECTS OF ANGER MANAGEMENT AND GOAL SETTING GROUP INTERVENTIONS ON STATE-TRAIT ANGER AND SELF-EFFICACY BELIEFS AMONG HIGH RISK ADOLESCENTS

In this study we evaluated the effects of two psychoeducational groups (anger management and goal setting) on state and trait anger, anger expression, and on self-efficacy beliefs of high risk adolescents enrolled in an alternative high school. Participants (n = 57) were pre- and post-tested using the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) with subscales for (a) state anger, (b) trait anger, and (c) anger expression, and on a measure of self-efficacy related to (a) anger management, (b) goal setting, and (c) group behavior and interpersonal communication. We hypothesized that each treatment would favorably impact the self-efficacy items related to it, that participants in both treatment groups would show gains in self-efficacy for general group behavior and communication skills, and that the anger management treatment would decrease state anger and anger expression. Results of a series of Repeated Measures ANOVAS revealed no group effects or group by time interaction effects. Analysis of Cohen's d effect sizes for the treatment groups in comparison with the control condition indicated only small treatment effects for the goal setting group on the STAXI, and small, negative treatment effects for the anger management group on the STAXI and on state anger. Thus, results failed to support the hypotheses with the current data set. Limitations of this study and implications for future research and group practice within schools are discussed.