cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neurologic Complications in the Intensive Care Unit

Complications involving the central and peripheral nervous system are frequently encountered in critically ill patients. All components of the neuraxis can be involved including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junction, and muscles. Neurologic complications adversely impact outcome and length of stay. These complications can be related to underlying critical illness, pre-existing comorbid conditions, and commonly used and life-saving procedures and medications. Familiarity with the myriad neurologic complications that occur in the intensive care unit can facilitate their timely recognition and treatment. Additionally, awareness of treatment-related neurologic complications may inform decision-making, mitigate risk, and improve outcomes.
Specialized proresolving lipid mediators in patients with coronary artery disease and their potential for clot remodeling

Inflammation in arterial walls leads to coronary artery disease (CAD). Because specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs; lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins) stimulate resolution of inflammation in animal models, we tested whether n-3 fatty acids impact SPM profiles in patients with CAD and promote clot remodeling. Six patients with stable CAD were randomly assigned to either treatment with daily 3.36 g Lovaza for 1 yr or without. Targeted lipid mediator–metabololipidomics showed that both groups had absence of resolvin D1 (RvD1), RvD2, RvD3, RvD5 and resolvin E1—all of which are present in healthy patients. Those not taking Lovaza had an absence of aspirin-triggered resolvin D3 (AT-RvD3) and aspirin-triggered lipoxin B4 (AT-LXB4). Lovaza treatment restored AT-RvD3 and AT-LXB4 and gave levels of RvD6 and aspirin-triggered protectin D1 (AT-PD1) twice as high (resolvin E2 ∼5 fold) as well as lower prostaglandins. Principal component analysis indicated positive relationships for patients with CAD who w...
Microstructure and toughness of steel P92 used in ultra supercritical unit after 8000h service at high temperature

Microstructure and toughness of P92 main steam pipeline steel used in 1000 MW ultra supercritical( USC) unit for 8000 h was studied by optical microscope( OM),X-ray diffraction( XRD),scanning electron microscopy( SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer( EDS) and impact test. The results show that a large amount of precipitation phase is distributed in the martensitic matrix of the P92 pipeline steel run for 8000 h at the temperature of 600 ℃. The precipitates are not only MX phase and M23C6 phase the which precipitated at as-received condition( normalizing + high temperature tempering) but also Laves phase precipitated along the prior austenite grain boundaries and martensite lath boundaries. Meanwhile toughness of P92 steel after long-term service significantly decreases due to the precipitation and coarsening of Laves phase.
Trace minerals, amino acids, and plasma proteins in adult men fed wheat diets.

Presented here are the effects of an all-plant diet on the copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, amino acid, and plasma protein levels of adult men.
Genetics of human origin and evolution: high-altitude adaptations.

High altitude, defined as elevations lying above 2500 m sea level, challenges human survival and reproduction. This environment provides a natural experimental design wherein specific populations, Andeans, Ethiopians, and Tibetans, have lived in a chronic hypoxia state for millennia. These human groups have overcome the low ambient oxygen tension of high elevation via unique physiologic and genetic adaptations. Genomic studies have identified several genes that underlie high-altitude adaptive phenotypes, many of which are central components of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway. Further study of mechanisms governing the adaptive changes responsible for high-altitude adaptation will contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of evolutionary change and assist in the functional annotation of the human genome.
Food selection by beavers : A multidimensional contingency table analysis.

Multidimensional contingency tables provide a powerful new statistical tool for analyzing interactions among several variables in an ecological study. This technique is applied to a study of selectivity in tree-cutting by two colonies of beavers in central Massachusetts.At the Blue Heron Cove colony, selection depends jointly on genus and diamter. Beavers cut birch of all diameters available but avoid large diameter maples, pines, and oaks. These beavers are choosy generalists: they show clear preferences in cutting various genera of trees for food yet they cut substantial numbers of trees of non-preferred genera. At the Tamplin Road Pond colony, discrete sites of concentrated cutting activity differ in genera and diameters of trees selected. Trees of all diameters are cut at one site close to water, small diameter trees are selected at two other sites farther from water. Ironwood is preferred at one site but selected against at two other sites. This difference between sites in generic selectivity has two plausible explanations: (1) tree species differ in nutritional and other chemical value between sites, (2) beavers sample trees of the various species present at some sites in order to assess the value of such sites as foraging areas.
Technology and Innovation: Will East Asia Surpass the United States in Innovation?**This chapter is built on Li, S. (2009). Managing international business in relation-based versus rule-based countries. New York, NY: Business Expert Press.

This chapter begins by highlighting the basic features of the information and communication technology and relation-based societies. Due to their inherent characteristics, relation-based countries cannot take full advantage of the new information and communication technologies as much as rule-based countries to improve the efficiency in business operations. This inherent inability of relation-based societies hinders their ability to innovate. To overcome the lack of innovation, Asian economies increasingly copy the technologies created by the United States.
Prethrombotic Disorders in Thrombosis and Stroke

The frequency of inherited and acquired prethrombotic disorders in 30 consecutive children with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) and 10 with sinovenous thrombosis (SVT) was determined at the Hopital de Pediatria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
The role of local environment on the electronic properties of a novel blue-emitting donor-acceptor compound

With the rising popularity of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in display applications, demand for more efficient blue emitters has increased. We have recently synthesized a novel blue-emitting, donor-acceptor system employing carbazole as the donor and a benzothiazole derivative as the acceptor, BTZ-CBZ. We find that the solution-phase emission of BTZ-CBZ is highly dependent on solvent polarity, both in lineshape and emission maximum, showing a Stokes shift of 50 nm in methylcyclohexane and 150 nm in acetonitrile. This is expected behavior for donor-acceptor compounds due to the presence of a charge-transfer excited state. However, the solid state properties are more important for OLED devices. Using time-dependent density functional theory calculations employing the linear-response (LR) and state-specific (SS) polarizable continuum model (PCM), we explore the effects of solvent reorganization on the emission properties of BTZ-CBZ. SS-PCM reproduces the solvatochromism behavior of BTZ-CBZ in solution, but LR-PCM shows effectively no shift with solvent polarity. We surmise that this is because solvent reorganization is necessary for the solvatochromic effect to occur. The effect of rigid matrices on the emission of BTZ-CBZ has direct implications on its viability as a blue emitter in solid-state OLEDs and which molecular environments will be ideal for devices.
Evaluation of a Rapid Impedimetric Method for Determining the Keeping Quality of Milk.

Shelf-life of 151 pasteurized milk samples was recorded and correlation coefficients calculated using various microbiological factors: standard plate count (SPC), psychrotrophic plate count (PPC), coliform count (CC), and the impedance response detection time (DT) with incubation at both 21 and 32°C. These data were obtained for milk samples on the day of pasteurization as well as 4 and 8 d thereafter. Various treatments (media, dilution factors, temperature and sample volume) were compared. Of the SPC, PPC, CC and DT taken on the day of pasteurization, only the DT achieved a significant correlation with shelf-life. A correlation coefficient of 0.55 was obtained for one treatment applied to 61 samples and correlation coefficients of 0.28 to 0.32 were obtained for several other treatments applied to the entire 151 samples. Values as large as these could occur by chance in uncorrelated data with p<0.0005. Thus, of the total 61 samples, 80% were correctly classified by the impedance detection time test. It i...
Near-field thermal nanolithography using silk proteins

We present a thermal nanolithography technique by using silk proteins as resist with scanning near-field optical microscopy, which is capable of capable of selective curing and in-situ characterization of natural silk proteins at nanoscale resolution.
Representations of Convolution Algebras

Our primary goal in this chapter is to obtain a classification of simple modules over the affine Hecke algebra H although the techniques we develop works in much greater generality (we will indicate this on several occasions). In §8.1 we introduce a class of “standard” H-modules. In the same section we define simple H-modules in terms of a certain intersection form on standard module, and formulate the main classification theorem for simple H-modules. After a short overview of derived categories of constructible sheaves and intersection cohomology, given in §§8.3–8.4, we will express in §8.5 the underlying vector space of a simple H-module in terms of the intersection cohomology.
Pupil block glaucoma from traumatic vitreous prolapse in a patient with posterior chamber lens implantation.

Background Angle closure secondary to pupil block is an entity known to occur in aphakic and pseudophakic patients. In aphakic patients, typically the cause of the pupil block is vitreous prolapse (aphakic pupil block). In pseudophakic patients, the typical cause of the pupil block is an anterior chamber lens implant, often in the absence of an iridectomy (pseudophakic pupil block). Rarely, a hybrid of these two conditions can occur, in which vitreous prolapse causes a pupil block in a pseudophakic patient with a posterior chamber lens implant. Methods The case presented is that of an elderly pseudophakic man with a posterior chamber lens implant who experienced ocular trauma, and who subsequently also experienced a ruptured posterior capsule with resultant vitreous prolapse and pupil block angle closure. Key diagnostic features are presented, as well as patient-specific management for this uncommon condition. Conclusions While diagnosis and management of acute primary angle closure are well-known and reported, acute secondary angle closure is not as well reported. It is imperative to understand the mechanism of angle closure, as this properly delineates the management plan. Use of management plans appropriate to acute primary angle closure with pupil block (the use of miotics) could potentially have disastrous consequences in cases of secondary angle closure from vitreous prolapse.
Openness and Job Performance in U.S.-Based Japanese Manufacturing Companies

The current study examined one possible explanation for the lack of stability found to date in the relationship between Openness to Experience, a second-order Big Five personality factor, and job performance. An organizational setting and geographic locale were chosen, a priori, to reflect a condition that would increase the potential for openness to serve as an advantageous personality disposition for job performance. Consequently, we studied job performance and openness among inhabitants of the southeast employed in U.S.-based Japanese manufacturing companies. A step-wise hierarchical regression analysis revealed that openness predicted unique variance in job performance for these employees above and beyond both cognitive aptitude, and the other four personality dimensions of the Big Five. Explanations for the finding and its implications on the study of personality-job performance linkages are discussed.
Abstract 18449: Mechanical Dispersion Improves Risk Stratification in Severe Aortic Stenosis Beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Background: Left ventricular (LV) mechanical dispersion assessed with strain echocardiography reflects heterogeneity in systolic deformation and has been associated with ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest in primary electrical and ischaemic heart disease. We hypothesized mechanical dispersion may predict occurrence of all-cause mortality in severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods: 424 patients (63.7 % men, 69±12 years) with severe AS (indexed aortic valve area 0.53±0.12 cm2/m2) were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated using biplane Simpson’s method. LV mechanical dispersion was calculated as standard deviation of time from Q wave on ECG to peak strain of 16 LV segments. Patients were followed for occurrence of all-cause mortality. Prognostic value of the 2 echocardiographic parameters was tested in different multivariable models. Results: During 82±47 months follow-up, surgical or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (AVR) was performed in 267 (63%) patients and 165 (39%) patients died. Non-survivors demonstrated worse LVEF and longer mechanical dispersion compared to survivors (LVEF 54±13% vs 58±9%, p Conclusions: Non-survivors with severe AS had a significantly higher LV mechanical dispersion and worse LVEF at baseline. In contrast to LVEF, LV mechanical dispersion was a significant prognostic parameter associated with all-cause mortality, indicating it may be an additional risk marker in patients with severe AS.
Uncovered the “hidden real defect” masked by “other anomaly seen” through deep dive FA in wafer fabrication

In wafer fabrication, it is important for analyst to be equipped with the mindset of deep dive towards uncovering the underlying “hidden and real” defect even after finding some anomaly that appears to be the root cause. This is critical as inexperience analyst may regards the 1st anomaly seen as the cause of the low yield issue and this will lead to wrong process fix by the process integration. In this paper, we will discuss on 2 case studies to illustrate the beauty and importance of deep dive FA towards uncover the “hidden real defect” as masked by other anomaly seen first during the analysis. It will illustrate how failure analysis continues from analyst own thought to embark the root cause.
Monolithically integrated InGaAs microdisk lasers on silicon using template-assisted selective epitaxy

As performance and power consumption of modern micro-chips are increasingly limited by electrical on-chip interconnects, all-optical interconnect systems promise data transmission at speed of light and wavelength- division multiplexing. To realize complex networks, active devices, like lasers, need to be integrated on Si. III-Vs are excellent candidates for optical devices, however, their integration on Si is challenging due to a significant lattice and thermal mismatch. Template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE) was recently developed by our group, allowing for the selective growth of III-Vs from a small Si seed in a confined oxide template. In this work, we extend TASE towards optical devices and demonstrate the monolithic integration of InGaAs lasers via a novel approach using a virtual substrate (VS) in a two-step templated growth. First, μm2 sized 60 nm thick InGaAs VSs are grown by MOCVD using TASE on SOI. Subsequently, 500 nm oxide are deposited onto the VS and patterned in arbitrary shapes like disks, and rings. In a second InGaAs growth, the defined vertical cavities are filled. The investigated structures have diameters of 1.7 μm, thicknesses of 0.5 µm and total cavity volumes of 0.5 λ30. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a broad spontaneous emission peak around 1.1 μm (FWHM = 150 nm) that increases linearly with pump power for low excitation powers (<< 2.6 pJ/pulse). Above excitation threshold, a strong emission peak emerges at 1.1 μm (FWHM = 7 nm). The Input-Output curve (log- log, T = 10 K) exhibits the characteristic S-shape which constitutes a strong indication for the lasing operation. The onset of the lasing threshold is observed up to 200 K with a characteristic temperature of T0 = 192 K.
Abstract PR05: Lineage specifiers SOX2 and NKX2-1 inversely regulate lung tumor immune microenvironment

The tumor microenvironment is a critical effector of therapeutic response to diverse stimuli including immunotherapies. Lineage-specific drivers of cancer are known to dictate tumor differentiation and response to therapy, but how they influence the tumor immune microenvironment is largely unknown. SOX2 and NKX2-1 are critical regulators of lung development and cancer, with SOX2 amplifications associated with squamous lung cancer and NKX2-1 amplifications associated with lung adenocarcinoma. Here we employ and develop new genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung cancer to interrogate the impact of SOX2 and NKX2-1 on innate immune infiltration. Squamous and adenocarcinoma GEMMs accurately recapitulate features of their human counterparts, including an enrichment of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) specifically in squamous lung cancer. We show that SOX2 recruits TANs, whereas NKX2-1 suppresses TANs, in the absence of histopathologic changes. SOX2 and NKX2-1 inversely regulate the neutrophil chemoattractant, Cxcl5, which is also upregulated in human squamous lung tumors. Using a novel GEMM of squamous lung cancer with a rapid latency of 3-4 months, preliminary data suggest that neutrophils can regulate adeno- to squamous transdifferentiation in vivo. Together these data reveal how lineage specifiers influence the tumor immune microenvironment, which in turn may regulate cancer cell fate. This abstract is also being presented as Poster B19. Citation Format: Gurkan Mollaoglu, Alex Jones, Anandaroop Mukhopadhyay, Jason Gertz, Kevin Jones, Eric Snyder, Trudy G. Oliver. Lineage specifiers SOX2 and NKX2-1 inversely regulate lung tumor immune microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR05.
Adaptive Fluid Simulation Using a Linear Octree Structure

An Eulerian approach to fluid flow provides an efficient, stable paradigm for realistic fluid simulation. However, its traditional reliance on a fixed-resolution grid is not ideal for simulations that simultaneously exhibit both large and small-scale fluid phenomena. Octree-based fluid simulation approaches have provided the needed adaptivity, but the inherent weakness of a pointer-based tree structure has limited their effectiveness. We present a linear octree structure that provides a significant runtime speedup using these octree-based simulation algorithms. As memory prices continue to decline, we leverage additional memory when compared to traditional octree structures to provide this improvement. In addition to reducing the level of indirection in the data, because our linear octree is stored contiguously in memory as a simple Carray rather than a recursive set of pointers, we provide a more cache-friendly data layout than a traditional octree. In our testing, our approach yielded run-times that were 1.5 to nearly 5 times faster than the same simulations running on a traditional octree implementation.
Establishing a Tonic Space with Digital Color

Since Isaac Newton, colorists have, with little success, looked for ways to associate the vibrations of light and color with the vibrations of music and sound. Although the idea of proportion has been mentioned in these efforts it has never been studied thoroughly. This paper proposes, through use of computers and digital raster graphics, a means of measuring the color balance of an image through proportions of red, green and blue intensities. With this method of measurement it is possible to apply several theories of color harmony and balance to computer-based abstract imagery. Through the computer we get specific control of the process. If, through this technique, a quantifiable means of creating concordant color relationships is possible, then it makes color available to the composer as material for the coherent structuring of time. As in tonal music, movement in time can be established by movement in and out of balanced, consonant areas. An area of balanced color relationships could be thought of as a tonic space, functioning like the tonic pitch or key in tonal music.
A design-based approach to experimental design: investigating hypotheses about how framing influences transfer

In this paper we present an approach to experimental design that is heavily influenced by practices from design-based research, illustrating it with our ongoing work to investigate hypotheses about how framing influences the transfer-of-learning. When one is interested in designing experiments that do not just test hypotheses about causal effects but also develop hypotheses about new kinds of causal mechanisms, we claim that it is particularly valuable to use the design-based research practices of iteratively designing new learning ecologies in particular contexts and creating explanatory accounts that coordinate multiple measures. Also, experimentally-inspired practices of comparing theoretically contrasting interventions in parallel and systematically streamlining designs to distinguish between critical and less critical design elements have promise for being usefully adapted within design-based research studies themselves.
Developmental changes in membrane-bound enzymes of Dictyostelium discoideum detected by concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography.

Abstract Plasma membrane-enriched fractions isolated from Dictyostelium discoideum at early stages of development were detergent extracted and subjected to affinity chromatography on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. Alkaline phosphatase, 5′-nucleotidase, and cAMP phosphodiesterase activities were totally bound to the column when logarithmically growing cells were examined. As the cells entered development, however, a progressive decrease in the ability of these activities to bind to the affinity column was evident.
Mitochondria and drugs

Mitochondria play a central role in the life and death of cells. They are not merely the centre for energy metabolism, but are also the headquarters for different catabolic and anabolic processes, calcium fluxes, and various signalling pathways. Mitochondria maintain homeostasis in the cell by interacting with reactive oxygen-nitrogen species and responding adequately to different stimuli. In this context, the interaction of pharmacological agents with mitochondria is an aspect of molecular biology that is too often disregarded, not only in terms of toxicology but also from a therapeutic point of view, especially considering the potential therapeutic applications related to the modulation of mitochondrial activity.
Thermal Analysis of a Fuel-Handling System for Sodium-Cooled Reactor with Minor Actinide-Bearing Metal Fuel

The Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR) is one of the components of the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP) used to close the fuel cycle. ABR is a sodium-cooled fast reactor that is used to consume transuranic elements resulting from the reprocessing of light water reactor spent nuclear fuel. ABR-1000 [1000 MW(thermal)] is a fast reactor concept created at Argonne National Laboratory to be used as a reference concept for various future trade-offs. ABR-1000 meets the GNEP goals although it uses what is considered base sodium fast reactor technology for its systems and components. One of the considerations of any fast reactor plant concept is the ability to perform fuel-handling operations with new and spent fast reactor fuel. The transmutation fuel proposed as the ABR fuel has a very little experience base, and thus, this paper investigates a fuel-handling concept and potential issues ofhandling fast reactor fuel containing minor actinides. In this study, two thermal analyses supporting a conceptual design study on the ABR-1000 fuel-handling system were carried out. One analysis investigated passive dry spent fuel storage, and the other analysis investigated a fresh fuel shipping cask. Passive dry storage can be made suitable for the ABR-1000 spent fuel storage with sodium-bonded metal fuel. The thermal analysis shows that spent fast reactor fuel with a decay heat of 2 kW or less can be stored passively in a helium atmosphere. The 2-kW value seems to be a reasonable and practical level, and a combination of reasonablysized in-sodium storage followed by passive dry storage could be a candidate for spent fuel storage for the next-generation sodium-cooled reactor with sodium-bonded metal fuel. Requirements for the shipping casks for minor actinide-bearing fuel with a high decay heat level are also discussed in this paper. The shipping cask for fresh sodium-cooled- reactor fuel should be a dry type to reduce the reaction between residual moisture on fresh fuel and the sodium coolant. The cladding temperature requirement is maintained below the creep temperature limit to avoid any damage before core installation. The thermal analysis shows that a helium gas-filled cask can accommodate ABR-1000 fresh minor actinide-bearing fuel with 700-W decay heat. The above analysis results revealed the overall requirement for minor actinide-bearing metal fuel handling. The information is thought to be helpful in the design of the ABR-1000 and future sodium-cooled-reactor fuel-handling system.
Multivalued Functions, Branch Points, and Cuts

Because ei2π = 1, it is straightforward to see that if the argument of a complex variable z is increased by 2π, one obtains the same value of the complex variable. That is, for a given r and θ, we write $$ z(r,\theta ) = re^{i\theta } $$ (6.1a) Then $$ z(r,\theta + 2\pi ) = re^{i\theta } e^{2i\pi } = re^{i\theta } = z(r,\theta ) $$ (6.1b)
Chapter Six Saving Sophia: Notes Toward an Orthodox Philosophy of Nature

Blessed Theodoret of Cyrrhus, one of the last great Antiochian theologians of the patristic era, wrote extensively of nature understood as “creation,” and thus as open to divine Wisdom and infused with divine energies. He may be taken as representative of a Great Tradition of Orthodox theology that, among many other facets, show how creation is not a closed system, as modern naturalism claims, but is everywhere turned toward its Creator. But why is this view of creation now neglected, leaving the understanding of nature to modern natural science understood positivistically as a metaphysic that is hostile to any concept of divine activity? It is argued that this neglect is due largely to the rejection by neopatristic theology (and notably Florovsky and Lossky) of the “sophiology” of Fr Sergei Bulgakov. But this rejection has left a lacuna in our understanding of creation that needs to be filled by a retrieval of creation as approached in the Great Tradition.
Fidelity of low-frequency underwater acoustic measurements by sensors mounted on compact platforms

Measurements by sensors mounted on compact platforms are affected by sound scattering from the platform. Assuming a spherical shape of the platform, this paper investigates the differences between the ambient and measured characteristics of low-frequency signals and noise for scalar and vector sensors. In the near field of the platform, low-frequency perturbations in oscillatory velocity are generally much larger than pressure perturbations. These perturbations prevent mounted vector sensors from correctly measuring the direction of the free-field oscillatory velocity. The feasibility of a compensation of the distortions in scalar and vector sensor measurements is discussed.
Short pulse intense pulsed light versus pulsed dye laser for the treatment of facial redness.

Treating diffuse facial redness with an intense pulsed light (IPL) source usually requires multiple sessions and may not achieve complete clearance. The 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) enjoys a good ...
Manifolds Arising from Group Actions

This chapter provides the culmination of the theory presented in the previous nineteen chapters, the concept of a homogeneous naturally reductive space.
Association between brain morphometry and aerobic fitness level and sex in healthy emerging adults.

Objective Aerobic fitness may be beneficial for neuroanatomical structure. However, few have investigated this in emerging adults while also accounting for potential sex differences. Here we examine aerobic fitness level, sex, and their interaction in relation to cortical thickness, surface area, and volume. Method Sixty-three young adults between the ages of 16-26 were balanced for sex and demonstrated a wide range of aerobic fitness levels. Exclusion criteria included left-handedness, past-year independent Axis-I disorders, major medical/neurologic disorders, prenatal medical issues, prenatal alcohol/illicit drug exposure, or excessive substance use. Participants completed an MRI scan and a graded exercise test to volitional fatigue (VO2 max). Data analyses were run in Freesurfer and data was corrected for multiple comparisons with Monte Carlo simulations at .05. Results Males demonstrated higher VO2 values. Higher VO2 values were statistically independently related to thinner lateral occipital, superior parietal, cuneus, precuneus, and inferior parietal regions, smaller lateral occipital volume, and larger inferior parietal surface area. Compared to females, males had larger volume in rostral anterior cingulate, lateral occipital, and superior frontal regions, and greater surface area in fusiform, inferior parietal, rostral and caudal anterior cingulate, and superior parietal regions. VO2*Sex interactions revealed higher-fit females had higher inferior parietal, paracentral, and supramarginal surface area, while lower-fit males showed larger surface area in these same regions. Conclusions Individuals with higher aerobic fitness performance had thinner cortices, lower volume, and larger surface area in sensorimotor regions than lower fit individuals, perhaps suggesting earlier neuromaturation in higher fit individuals. Larger surface area was associated with higher-fit females and lower-fit males. Thus both sex and aerobic fitness are important in shaping brain health in emerging adults.
Daily Social Interactions and HPA Axis Activity Among Midlife and Older Adults

Background and objectives Older people experience fewer negative interactions and report less stress in response to interpersonal tensions. Less is known, however, about the implications of daily social interactions for biological stress responses. We evaluated links between daily positive and negative interactions and two key biomeasures of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis: salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). We also considered the moderating effects of age. Research design and methods Participants included a random sample of 93 individuals aged 40-95 who completed 14 days of daily diary interviews and provided saliva samples during four of those days. Results Three-level piecewise models showed that individuals had higher sustained DHEA-S levels on days after reporting more positive interactions. Young-old adults (60-79) had lower overall DHEA-S on days when they had more negative interactions than oldest-old adults (80 and older). Oldest-old adults showed a flatter decline in DHEA-S on days after they reported more negative interactions compared to midlife adults (40-59). Daily social interactions were not significantly associated with cortisol. Discussion and implications Strategies to increase positive interactions may help to build physiological resilience to stress, particularly among midlife and young-old adults.
Perspectives of Patients with Diverse Disabilities Regarding Healthcare Accommodations to Promote Healthcare Equity: a Qualitative Study

Patients with disabilities often require healthcare accommodations in order to access high-quality, equitable healthcare services. While attention has been paid to accommodation needs in specific disability populations, limited research to date has explored healthcare accommodations that cross-cut diverse disability populations. To identify a deeper understanding regarding accommodations in healthcare settings that could apply across disability populations and promote equitable healthcare. We conducted qualitative focus groups with patients with disabilities and caregivers to understand their experiences and preferences for healthcare accommodations. We recruited patients and caregivers across all major disability categories to participate in focus groups. Participants were recruited through advocacy organizations and healthcare settings in Southeastern Minnesota. A total of eight focus groups were conducted with 56 participants. Participants described their healthcare experiences and desires for healthcare accommodations. The multidisciplinary research team recorded, transcribed verbatim, and coded all focus groups. The team thematically coded transcripts using content analysis within and across focus groups to identify major themes. Patients identified four challenges and corresponding steps healthcare team could take to promote equitable care: (1) consistent documentation of disabilities and needed accommodations in the medical record; (2) allowance for accommodations to the environment, including adapting physical space, physical structures, and scheduling and rooming processes; (3) provide accommodations for administrative tasks, such as completing paper or electronic forms; and (4) adapt communication during interactions, such as speaking slower or using terms that patients can easily understand. These identified themes represent specific opportunities for healthcare teams to effectively provide accessible care to patients with disabilities. Many of the accommodations require minimal financial investment, but did require behavioral changes by the healthcare team to ensure equitable healthcare.
Scoliosis in Children Treated With Photon Craniospinal Irradiation for Medulloblastoma.

Purpose Scoliosis is a well-recognized complication after abdominal radiation therapy but not reported frequently after craniospinal irradiation (CSI). We examined the incidence and risk factors for scoliosis after CSI in long-term survivors with medulloblastoma. Methods and Materials The records of patients with medulloblastoma seen at one institution from 1996 to 2006 were analyzed for the use of CSI and development of scoliosis as documented on physical examination and spinal imaging. Results We identified 35 children with medulloblastoma who were ≤12 years of age at time of CSI with a median 14.3 years (range, 5.8-19.3 years) of follow-up. Twenty-seven (77.1%) were male, and median age at CSI was 6.8 years (range, 2.8-12 years). The cumulative incidence of scoliosis at 15 years was 34.6%. The median time to develop scoliosis was 7.1 years (range, 5-11.7 years) after CSI. Treatment with high dose CSI (34.2-40 Gy) and presence of hemiplegia or hemiparesis were found to be risk factors for development of scoliosis. Conclusions Scoliosis is an underreported complication of photon craniospinal irradiation.
Measuring Problematic Internet Use, Internet Gaming Disorder and Social Media Addiction in young adults: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND Digital technology use is nearly ubiquitous among young adults, this use provides both benefits and risks. Risks of technology use include maladaptive technology use or technology addiction. Several conceptualizations of these addictions have emerged, each with their own assessment tools. These conditions include Problematic Internet Use (PIU), Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Social Media Addiction (SMA). These conditions have been associated with health outcomes such as problematic alcohol use, sleep disorders and mental illness. These maladaptive technology conditions have most commonly been studied in isolation from each other. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine PIU, IGD and SMA together to better inform future research approaches and provider screening practices for young adults. METHODS This cross-sectional survey study was conducted using Qualtrics panel-based recruitment and survey hosting. We recruited US young adults ages 18-25 years. The survey assessed PIU, IGD and SMA. Survey measures also included assessments for problematic alcohol use, sleep, depression and anxiety. We evaluated the frequency and overlap in positive screening scores among PIU, IGD and SMA, and modeled each condition using multivariate logistic regression. Finally, we calculated sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the screening tools using the most prevalent maladaptive technology type. RESULTS Our 6000 participants had average age of 21.7 (SD=2.35). A total of 3062/6000 (51%) were female and 3431/6000 (57.3%) were Caucasian; 1686/6000 (28.1%) were in a 4-year college and 2319/6000 (38.8%) worked full time. The mean PIU score was 3.5 (SD=3.1), a total of 3215/6000 (55%) of participants met criteria for PIU. The mean IGD score was 2.7 (SD=2.6), a total of 1460/6000 (25%) met criteria for IGD. The mean SMA score was 7.5 (SD=5.7), and a total of 205/6000 (3.5%) met criteria for SMA. Across all three maladaptive technology use diagnoses, there were varied associations with demographic variables and similar overlap with health outcomes. The sensitivity of PIU screening to detect IGD was 82%, and to detect SMA was 93%, while the specificity and positive predictive value were much lower (37-54% specificity, 6-37% positive predictive value). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional survey screened a large national sample of AYAs for PIU, IGD and SMA to determine prevalence and overlap, demographic associations with each, and associations between these technology-related conditions and health outcomes. There was overlap across PIU, IGD and SMA in some associated demographic variables as well as health outcomes. However, the patterns in associated variables demonstrated unique qualities of each of these conditions. CLINICALTRIAL
Evaluation of radiolabeled fluoroacetate for PET imaging of oxidative metabolism

1917 Objectives: 11C labeled acetate is a useful PET tracer for studying myocardial oxidative metabolism. However, due to rapid metabolism of 11C acetate, image quality is sub-optimal. In addition, due to the short half-life of 11C, a separate synthesis is required for every study and the tracer is not available to PET facilities without on-site cyclotrons. 18F labeled acetate, enters the TCA cycle in the same way as acetate but binds irreversibly to aconitase. Thus this agent should function as a trapped tracer. In this report, we studied the oxidation of 1-14C acetate, 2-14C acetate and 1-14C fluoroacetate and compared the biodistribution of 1-14C fluoroacetate with 2-14C acetate in mice. Methods: Groups of six adult male CD-1 mice weighing approximately 28 grams (Charles River Breeding Labs, Boston MA) were injected via tail vein with 1 μCi of 1-14C acetate, 2-14C acetate, or 1-14C fluoroacetate (American Radiolabeled Chemicals, St. Louis, MO). The mice were immediately placed in metabolic chambers and the exhaled 14CO2 was collected in 10 mL methanol:ethanolamine (2:1) over 120 min. 10 mL of Hyonic Fluor scintillation fluid was added to the solution and radioactivity was measured with a beta counter. The results were expressed as % ID (mean±sem). In a separate set of experiments, groups of six mice were injected with 20 μCi of either 1-14C fluoroacetate or 2-14C acetate, sacrificed by CO2 asphyxiation at 60 min. after injection and a full biodistribution was measured. The results were expressed as % ID/gram (mean±sem). Results: At 2 h after injection, oxidation (% ID in expired C02) of 1-14C fluoroacetate (4.01±0.068) was marked reduced (p Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate that 18F labeled fluoroacetate should be a useful imaging agent for studies of oxidative metabolism in heart and brain. Compared with native acetate, this tracer combines the characteristics of: a. increased uptake in the target tissues, b. reduced uptake in background tissues and c. decreased release of radiolabeled CO2.
What Is Lurking in Your Backups

Best practices in data management and privacy mandate that old data must be irreversibly destroyed. However, due to performance optimization reasons, old (deleted or updated) data is not immediately purged from active database storage. Database backups that typically work by backing up table and index pages (rather than logical rows) greatly exacerbate the privacy problem of the old surviving data. Copying such deleted data into backups ensures that unknown quantities of old data can be stored indefinitely.
The Creation of True Two-Dimensional Silicon Carbide

This paper reports the successful synthesis of true two-dimensional silicon carbide using a top-down synthesis approach. Theoretical studies have predicted that 2D SiC has a stable planar structure and is a direct band gap semiconducting material. Experimentally, however, the growth of 2D SiC has challenged scientists for decades because bulk silicon carbide is not a van der Waals layered material. Adjacent atoms of SiC bond together via covalent sp3 hybridization, which is much stronger than van der Waals bonding in layered materials. Additionally, bulk SiC exists in more than 250 polytypes, further complicating the synthesis process, and making the selection of the SiC precursor polytype extremely important. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the successful isolation of 2D SiC from hexagonal SiC via a wet exfoliation method. Unlike many other 2D materials such as silicene that suffer from environmental instability, the created 2D SiC nanosheets are environmentally stable, and show no sign of degradation. 2D SiC also shows interesting Raman behavior, different from that of the bulk SiC. Our results suggest a strong correlation between the thickness of the nanosheets and the intensity of the longitudinal optical (LO) Raman mode. Furthermore, the created 2D SiC shows visible-light emission, indicating its potential applications for light-emitting devices and integrated microelectronics circuits. We anticipate that this work will cause disruptive impact across various technological fields, ranging from optoelectronics and spintronics to electronics and energy applications.
Digital solution for follow-up in congenital cardiac surgery.

BACKGROUND In this era of public scrutiny, there is an ongoing need for innovative methods for patient follow-up. OBJECTIVES As part of a quality initiative, we developed an automated post-operative follow-up system for patients following discharge after cardiac surgery at Boston Children's Hospital. METHODS Discharge Communication (DisCo) is a web-based system developed at Boston Children's Hospital. An automated text and e-mail with a link to a health status survey are sent at 30 days and 1 year post-discharge in English/Spanish. If there is no response, surveys are completed via phone calls to the patient/patient's physician or chart review. Responses are stored in the DisCo database and the patient's medical record. Patients who underwent cardiac surgery and survived to hospital discharge from October, 2016 received the surveys. RESULTS Overall, 3345 30-day and 2563 1-year surveys were sent between October, 2016 and June, 2020. Of 3345 30-day surveys, there were 3191 responses (95%). Of 2563 1-year surveys, there were 1807 responses (71%). Most patients/families responded directly to the link at 30 days (65% for paediatrics/75% for adults) and at 1 year (72% for paediatrics/78% for adults). Multi-variable logistic regression revealed that higher complexity of cardiac lesion, presence of major non-cardiac anomalies and presence of major residua were associated with readmission and catheter/surgical reinterventions. Non-cardiac anomalies were associated with increased need for services for learning, development or behaviour. CONCLUSIONS DisCo provides a successful web-based health status assessment of patients following congenital cardiac surgery. It helps to identify high-risk patients who need closer follow-up.
Nectarivory in a weevil, Smicronyx squalidus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae), on Desmanthus (Fabaceae)

The first apparent nectarivorous weevil, Smicronyx squalidus, is documented on Desmanthus illinoensis. Although found feeding from extra-floral nectaries (EFN’s) located between the petioles of D. illinoensis, it is believed that S. squalidus merely supplements its diet with nectar, due to an apparent lack of mouthpart modifications for a more efficient uptake of fluids. Photographs of the adult S. squalidus, as well as the EFN’s on D. illinoensis, are provided.
Cell Cycle Regulation in Plants

Plant Biology Laboratory’, The Salk lnstitute for Biological Studies, 10100 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 Cell division plays a crucial role during a11 phases of plant development. Continuing organogenesis and plastic growth responses to a changing environment require precise spatial, temporal, and developmental regulation of cell division activ- ity in meristems. The molecular analysis of cell division and its regulation in plants lags far behind such studies in yeast and animals. Since the cell theory was proposed by Schleiden and Schwann in 1838, many approaches have been taken to elucidate how cells divide, but insight into the molecular basis of division control developed only after the genetic analysis of cell division was initiated in yeast 25 years ago (Hartwell et al., 1970). Cell division cycle mutants in the yeasts
Stosunki klasowe, sprawiedliwość społeczna i polityka różnicy

The article analyzes political and epistemological limitations of postmodern critique of justice in the midst of an economic and ideological rule of free market universalism. Interpreting the lack of political response to a fire of chicken processing plant in Hamlet, North Carolina, which took 25 victims, the author discusses questions of identity politics, multiculturalism, situatedness, otherness and difference. It is impossible, in Harvey’s opinion, to discuss them apart from political environment and material conditions. The return to economic issues (including question of exploitation, class and accumulation), neglected by postmodernists, and epistemology based on historical and geographical materialism provide us with an opportunity for the recovery of concepts of universality (in dialectical relation with particularity) and social justice as a powerful mobilizing discourse for political action.