cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on explosion resisting performance of tunnels reinforced by fully bonded rock bolts in model test

Based on anti-explosion model test,the explosion resisting performance of the tunnel which is reinforced by fully bonded rock bolts is studied under explosive stress waves produced by plane charging.The results show that test data are reliable by analyzing pressure temporal curves of free field;vault displacement of the anchored tunnel is reduced significantly;and the tunnels are damaged when the scale distance is 5.23 cm/g1/2;the surface strains of two tunnels are pressed under plane explosive stress waves,the most of which is on arch foot;with the reducing scale distance,the peak strains increase firstly;and then reduce,the maximal peak strains increase;the acceleration of roof is maximal,which is relatively reduced when anchored;and the acceleration of floor of the anchored tunnel is increased under the condition of small deformation which should be reduced as necessary by adopting some vibration-absorptive ways;the more the tunnel damages severally,the more the acceleration of ribs of the anchored tunnel reduce significantly,with the reducing scale distance,the acceleration of roof and ribs grow,especially when the scale distance is 5.23 cm/g1/2.
HIV-1 transmembrane glycoprotein 41:Expression of recombinant antigen and antigenicity analysis

Objective To develop and establish a new sensitive,specific method for serologic detection of HIV-1.Methods A pair of primer for PCR was designed and synthesized according to the sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1) gene.By using the synthesized primers,the trancated fragment of transmembrane glycoprotein 41(gp41) gene was amplified from the envelop-encoding region in HIV genome by PCR.The amplified DNA fragment was cloned into a plasmid pET-28a and recombinant expression plasmid pET-gp41 was constructed.The recombinant gp41was inducibly expressed and purified.Preliminary applicable analysis for the antigenicity of the recombinant gp41 was conducted.Results The gp41 was highly expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3).The amount of gp41 accounted for 26.08% of the total lytic protein.The purity of the purified gp41 was 97.94%.By using ELISA and Western blot,high specificity and strong antigenicity were shown.Conclusion The recombinant gp41 exhibited strong antigenicity,thus its potential availability for HIV diagnosis may be expected.
SCREDENT: Scalable Real-time Anomalies Detection and Notification of Targeted Malware in Mobile Devices

Abstract The ubiquitous availability of Android devices has led to increasing malicious mobile attacks targeting the Android mobile operating system. In recent times, adversaries leverage situational awareness, user and device context to create targeted malware for mobile devices. Several mobile security tools such as Mobile Sandbox, TargetDroid, and ANANAS focus on tailoring the detection schemes for individual users and suffer from scalability by analyzing individual user's activities. To the best of our knowledge, these tools do not incorporate user group profiling in their automated user-behavior driven dynamic analysis. In addition, adaptive and location-based alerts are not provided to mobile users. We propose SCREDENT: Scalable Real-time Anomalies Detection and Notification of Targeted Malware in Mobile Devices, to provide a scalable system to classify, detect, and predict targeted malware in real-time. SCREDENT incorporates behavior-triggering probabilistic models and user grouping to minimize the number of parallel dynamic analysis instances needed. SCREDENT leverages container technology to perform dynamic analysis and allow for modularity as emulation technology improves. SCREDENT uses adaptive, location-based notification principles to create a geographical fence which warn users of malicious attacks. Finally, SCREDENT provides proactive, adaptive alerts to individual users if at least one of the group members has triggered malicious activities in an application currently used by the individual.
Extremity in Congress: Communications versus Votes

I propose a theory of legislator-to-constituent communication that describes a relationship between the types of votes a legislator reveals and the partisan composition of her constituency. To test this theory, I use an original data set of 40,000 official communications containing 30,000 vote revelations from the 111th Congress. I find evidence substantiating this theory; the extent to which a legislator endeavors to appear more ideologically extreme in communications varies systematically with the relative amounts of different types of voters in her district. This result is contrasted with an analysis of voting extremism where I find that the ideological preferences of donors better explain voting patterns.
Non-Technical Loss Fraud in Advanced Metering Infrastructure in Smart Grid

Smart Grid employs Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) to automatically manage metering and billing processes supporting various advanced features. Electricity theft is not limited to the traditional methods, such as bypassing power lines. In Smart Grid, adversaries could gain illegal benefit from the utility via various new ways, and we call this class of behavior as Non-Technical Loss (NTL) fraud. In this paper, we study various security issues in AMI and figure out which issues could be utilized by NTL fraud. We analyze various attacks in AMI and generalize attack tree of NTL fraud. We propose countermeasures for security issues to prevent NTL frauds.
Predictors for quality of life of patients with a portable out-of-centre-implanted extracorporeal membrane oxygenation device.

Objectives Despite progress in the treatment of cardiopulmonary organ failure, the mortality rate for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cardiogenic shock remains high. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a promising treatment option, but long-term outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are unknown. Methods Detailed information related to pre- and post-device data and outcomes from a consecutive sample of 71 patients treated with ECMO was analysed. Long-term survivors were given a detailed follow-up examination after a median time of 31 months that included multiple scoring systems for HRQOL assessment. Results Seventy-one patients received a portable out-of-centre-implanted ECMO system. The survival rate at hospital discharge was 48%. Median HRQOL scores were 80% on the Karnofsky index (normal ≥80%), 80% on the Euroqol-5D (normal ≥75%) and 73.1% on the quality-of-life index (normal ≥70%). Mental scores were 96.7% on the Mini-Mental State Examination (normal ≥90.0%), 77.8% on the DemTect (normal ≥72.0%), 87.0% on the test for early detection of dementia with depression demarcation (TFDD; normal ≥74.0%) and confirmed good mental state and HRQOL for patients at follow-up. Univariate analysis for in-hospital mortality indicated that ventilation time before device implantation, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, higher lactate level at the time of ECMO implantation and female gender were associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusions In our cohort of patients, survivors of out-of-hospital ECMO implantation demonstrated good mental and quality-of-life conditions with well-recovered cardiopulmonary function during long-term follow-up. The indicators for adverse outcomes, pre-implantation lactate levels, pre-ventilation time and APACHE II score, should be considered before implantation of an ECMO device. Clinical trial This study is registered at DRKS (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien) under the code DRKS00009735 and was submitted to the WHO.
Conclusion: The Queerness of Aesthetic Agency

This chapter analyzes Chuck Palahniuk’s controversial short story and performance piece “Guts,” tracing the incipiently social relations emerging from his queer conception of reading as sex. I conclude by refuting the equation of affective reading with a “new modesty” in literary criticism, stressing that queer experimental literature affords an interpretative mode for immodestly dreaming up new forms of queer belonging, albeit in idioms that will rarely appear critical enough to count as political imagination.
Some Observations of Seventh Graders Solving Problems.

Joe Garofalo is an assistant professor of mathematics education at the University of Virginia. Vanere Goodwin teaches mathematics at the University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, VI 00802. He is interested in the teaching and learning of mathematics in underdeveloped societies. Robert Mitchell is currently a doctoral candidate in mathematics education at the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260. David Mtetwa is a doctoral student in mathematics education at the University of Virginia, Charlotte sville, VA 22903. mosi pan mese siuaenis were aware of the behaviors and were able to talk about their usefulness.
Understanding spatial-spectral domain interactions in hyperspectral unmixing using exploratory data analysis

This paper presents a visual exploratory analysis of an AVIRIS hyperspectral image to understand the interactions between the spatial and spectral domains in hyperspectral unmixing. We show how the global data cloud may not be convex due to spatial constraints on the distribution of the materials in the scene. Furthermore, we show that by segmenting the data cloud in feature space into piecewise convex segments, we can analyze individual segments and extract endmembers that better capture local structures compared to methods that look at the global cloud. Challenges remain as to how to do the cloud segmentation using machine-based approaches. However, experimental results point to the use of segmentation as a way to address the problem.
Swiping right: Sociosexuality, intentions to engage in infidelity, and infidelity experiences on Tinder

Abstract Tinder is a popular mobile dating app among young adults that may be used to facilitate meeting extradyadic partners. Participants who had used or were using Tinder (n = 550) indicated that most knew somebody who had used Tinder to meet extradyadic partners, and several participants reported that their own infidelity had been facilitated by Tinder. Participants were varied as to whether Tinder was an effective method for meeting extradyadic partners. Sociosexuality and intentions to engage in infidelity were associated with having used Tinder to engage in infidelity. Gender was not significantly associated with using Tinder to meet extradyadic partners when sociosexuality and intentions to engage in infidelity were also included in analyses.
Sequential feature selection and inference using multi-variate random forests.

Motivation Random forest (RF) has become a widely popular prediction generating mechanism. Its strength lies in its flexibility, interpretability and ability to handle large number of features, typically larger than the sample size. However, this methodology is of limited use if one wishes to identify statistically significant features. Several ranking schemes are available that provide information on the relative importance of the features, but there is a paucity of general inferential mechanism, particularly in a multi-variate set up. We use the conditional inference tree framework to generate a RF where features are deleted sequentially based on explicit hypothesis testing. The resulting sequential algorithm offers an inferentially justifiable, but model-free, variable selection procedure. Significant features are then used to generate predictive RF. An added advantage of our methodology is that both variable selection and prediction are based on conditional inference framework and hence are coherent. Results We illustrate the performance of our Sequential Multi-Response Feature Selection approach through simulation studies and finally apply this methodology on Genomics of Drug Sensitivity for Cancer dataset to identify genetic characteristics that significantly impact drug sensitivities. Significant set of predictors obtained from our method are further validated from biological perspective. Availability and implementation https://github.com/jomayer/SMuRF. Contact souparno.ghosh@ttu.edu. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mesoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles: A Unique Platform Enabling Sensitive Detection of Rare Earth Ions with Smartphone Camera

Fast and sensitive detection of dilute rare earth species still represents a challenge for an on-site survey of new resources and evaluation of the economic value. In this work, a robust and low-cost protocol has been developed to analyze the concentration of rare earth ions using a smartphone camera. The success of this protocol relies on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with large-area negatively charged surfaces, on which the rare earth cations (e.g., Eu3+) are efficiently adsorbed through electrostatic attraction to enable a “concentrating effect”. The initial adsorption rate is as fast as 4025 mg (g min)−1, and the adsorption capacity of Eu3+ ions in the MSNs is as high as 4730 mg g−1 (equivalent to ~ 41.2 M) at 70 °C. The concentrated Eu3+ ions in the MSNs can form a complex with a light sensitizer of 1,10-phenanthroline to significantly enhance the characteristic red emission of Eu3+ ions due to an “antenna effect” that relies on the efficient energy transfer from the light sensitizer to the Eu3+ ions. The positive synergy of “concentrating effect” and “antenna effect” in the MSNs enables the analysis of rare earth ions in a wide dynamic range and with a detection limit down to ~ 80 nM even using a smartphone camera. Our results highlight the promise of the protocol in fieldwork for exploring valuable rare earth resources.
Scandium on the formation of in situ TiB2 particulates in an aluminum matrix

TiB2 particulates were formed in situ in an aluminum matrix via chemical reactions between an aluminum melt and the mixture of K2TiF6 and KBF4 salts. Different effects of Sc addition on the formation of the TiB2 particulates were revealed depending on the participation of Sc at different stages of the formation of the particulates. The metal–salt reactions resulted in boride layers along the α-Al grain boundaries in the presence of Sc, while the addition of Sc after the metal–salt reactions broke up the boride layers improving the dispersion of the TiB2 particulates to a limited degree. Sc promoted the growth of the TiB2 particulates, resulting in the coarsening of TiB2 particulates. The participation of Sc in the formation of TiB2 particulates altered the coarsening of the TiB2 particulates, resulting in different morphologies of the TiB2 particulates depending on the participation of Sc in the formation of the TiB2 particulates at different stages.
North American Tree Rings, Climatic Extremes, and Social Disasters

Tree-ring reconstructed climatic extremes contemporaneous with severe socioeconomic impacts can be identified in the modern, colonial, and precolonial eras. These events include the 1950s, Dust Bowl, mid- and late-nineteenth century Great Plains droughts, El Ano del Hambre, and the seventeenth and sixteenth century droughts among the English and Spanish colonies. The new tree-ring reconstructions confirm the severe, sustained Great Drought over the Colorado Plateau in the late thirteenth century identified by A.E. Douglass and document its spatial impact across the cultural heartland of the Anasazi. The available tree-ring data also indicate a succession of severe droughts over the western United States during the Terminal Classic Period in Mesoamerica, but these droughts are located far from the centers of Mesoamerican culture and their extension into central Mexico needs to be confirmed with the new suite of millennium-long tree-ring chronologies now under development in the region. The only clear connections between climate extremes and human impacts are found during the period of written history, including the prehispanic Aztec era where codices describe the drought of One Rabbit in Mexico and other precolonial droughts. The link between reconstructed climate and societies in the prehistoric era may never be made irrefutably, but testing these hypotheses with improved climate reconstructions, better archaeological data, and modeling experiments to explore the range of potential social response have to be central goals of archaeology and high-resolution paleoclimatology.
Clinical Significance of Sacral and Pudendal Nerve Anatomy

AbstractThe neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the external urethral closure mechanisms still are under debate because the motor fibers that emanate from the sacral plexus and pudendal nerve to supply this segment have not been traced, nor has their functional interrelationship been established. Therefore, we dissected 3 male human cadavers (aged 31 to 69 years) by tracing the entire sacral plexus, particularly the pudendal nerve, from the cauda equina throughout the branching of the nerves to their final destination. The dissection demonstrated that the extrinsic urethral sphincter, formed by the rhabdosphincter around the membranous urethra as well as the levator ani muscle and pelvic floor (especially the transversus perinei muscle), is innervated by somatic nerve fibers that emanate primarily from sacral roots S2 and S3.In 5 patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction electrostimulation of the sacral root and pudendal nerve markedly increased intraurethral closure pressures. Stimulation ...
Late degeneration in rabbit tissues after irradiation by heavy ions

Results are presented for investigations of the late effects of heavy-ion irradiation on rabbit tissues which were undertaken to assess the hazards associated with the long-term exposure of humans to heavy ions in space during such activities as the construction of solar power stations or voyages to Mars. White rabbits approximately six weeks old were exposed to various doses of collimated beams of 400-MeV/n Ne ions, 570 MeV/n Ar ions and Co-60 gamma rays directed through both eyes, and the responses of the various tissues (hair follicles, skin, cornea, lens, retina, Harderian glands, bone and forebrain) were examined. Proliferating tissues are found to exhibit high damage levels in the early and late periods following irradiation, while terminally differentiating tissues repond to radiation most intensely in the late period, years after irradiation, with no intermediate recovery. The results obtained from rabbits are used to predict the occurrence of late tissue degeneration in the central nervous system, terminally differentiating systems and stem cells of humans one or more decades following exposure to radiation levels anticipated during long-duration space flights. The studies also indicate that tissues may be prematurely aged in the sense that tissue life spans may be shortened without the development of malignancies.
The complexity of negation-limited networks — A brief survey

Proving lower bounds on the combinational complexity of concrete functions is a difficult and challenging problem. Previous successes in establishing lower bounds for monotone networks and the known gaps between the monotone and general combinational complexity indicate the key role that negations play in determining combinational complexity.
Analyzing Your Location Data with Provable Privacy Guarantees

The ubiquity of smartphones and wearable devices coupled with the ability to sense locations through these devices has brought location privacy into the forefront of public debate. Location information is actively collected to help improve ad targeting, provide useful services to users (e.g., traffic prediction), or study human mobility/activity patterns and correlate them to the health of individuals. In this chapter, we highlight the privacy concerns in large-scale collections of location data from user-centric mobile devices and explain how simple cloaking based techniques might be ineffective. This motivates the need for algorithms that collect and analyze location data with formal provable privacy guarantees. We discuss the state of the art in specifying formal privacy guarantees for location data, as well as algorithms that achieve these formal privacy guarantees. We conclude with open research directions in this area.
Comparison of Two Approaches to Interpretive Use Arguments

ABSTRACTThe Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing recommend an argument-based approach to validation that involves a clear statement of the intended interpretation and use of test scores, the identification of the underlying assumptions and inferences in that statement—termed the interpretation/use argument, and gathering of evidence to support or refute the assumptions and inferences. We present two approaches to articulating the interpretation/use argument. One approach uses the five sources of validity evidence in the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing as a framework and the other approach uses Kane’s chain of assumptions/inferences as a framework. Through this process we identified aspects of these approaches that need to be further clarified for instrument developers to consistently implement either approach, identified important differences in the perspective each approach takes on validation, and highlight important questions for the measurement and mathematics educat...
'Fake News' in urology: evaluating the accuracy of articles shared on social media in genitourinary malignancies.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of the most popular articles on social media platforms pertaining to genitourinary malignancies, and to identify the prevalence of misinformation available to patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 10 most shared articles on popular social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest, and Reddit) were identified for prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, testis cancer, and PSA testing using a social media analysis tool (August 2017 and August 2018). Articles were reviewed for accuracy by comparing the article information against available scientific research and consensus data. They were classified as accurate, misleading or inaccurate. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical comparison. RESULTS Articles pertaining to prostate cancer were the most shared across all social media platforms (399 000 shares), followed by articles pertaining to kidney cancer (115 000), bladder cancer (17 894), PSA testing (8827) and testicular cancer (7045). The prevalence of inaccurate or misleading articles was high: prostate cancer, 7/10 articles; kidney, 3/10 articles; bladder, 2/10 articles; testis, 2/10 articles; and PSA testing, 1/10 articles. There was a significantly higher average number of shares for inaccurate (54 000 shares; P < 0.01) and misleading articles (7040 shares; P < 0.01) than for accurate articles (1900 shares). Inaccurate articles were 28 times more likely to be shared than factual articles. CONCLUSION Misleading or inaccurate information on genitourinary malignancies is commonly shared on social media. This study highlights the importance of directing patients to appropriate cancer resources and potentially argues for oversight by the medical and technology communities.
Walnuts and Vegetable Oils Differentially Affect the Gut Microbiome and Associations with Cardiovascular Risk Factors (OR29-06-19)

Objectives To examine gut bacterial composition following a higher-saturated fatty acids (SFA) run-in, standard Western diet (SWD) and 3 study diets where SFA was replaced with: whole walnuts (WD); vegetable oils in a fatty acid matched diet devoid of walnuts (WFMD); vegetable oils in an oleic acid replaces α-linolenic acid (ALA) diet (ORAD) and devoid of walnuts. Correlations between the bacterial composition and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were also explored.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor regulates self-renewal of early erythroid progenitors

Adult stem and progenitor cells are uniquely capable of self-renewal, and targeting this process represents a potential therapeutic opportunity. The early erythroid progenitor, burst-forming unit erythroid (BFU-E), has substantial self-renewal potential and serves as a key cell type for the treatment of anemias. However, our understanding of mechanisms underlying BFU-E self-renewal is extremely limited. Here, we found that the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 4 (CHRM4), pathway regulates BFU-E self-renewal and that pharmacological inhibition of CHRM4 corrects anemias of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), aging, and hemolysis. Genetic down-regulation of CHRM4 or pharmacologic inhibition of CHRM4 using the selective antagonist PD102807 promoted BFU-E self-renewal, whereas deletion of Chrm4 increased erythroid cell production under stress conditions in vivo. Moreover, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists corrected anemias in mouse models of MDS, aging, and hemolysis in vivo, extending the survival of mice with MDS relative to that of controls. The effects of muscarinic receptor antagonism on promoting expansion of BFU-Es were mediated by cyclic AMP induction of the transcription factor CREB, whose targets up-regulated key regulators of BFU-E self-renewal. On the basis of these data, we propose a model of hematopoietic progenitor self-renewal through a cholinergic-mediated "hematopoietic reflex" and identify muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonists as potential therapies for anemias associated with MDS, aging, and hemolysis.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of CO2 near λ = 2.06 µm: Accurate transition intensities for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) “strong band”

Abstract The λ = 2.06 µm absorption band of CO2 is widely used for the remote sensing of atmospheric carbon dioxide, making it relevant to many important top-down measurements of carbon flux. The forward models used in the retrieval algorithms employed in these measurements require increasingly accurate line intensity and line shape data from which absorption cross-sections can be computed. To overcome accuracy limitations of existing line lists, we used frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure 39 transitions in the 12C16O2 absorption band. The line intensities were measured with an estimated relative combined standard uncertainty of ur = 0.08 %. We predicted the J-dependence of the measured intensities using two theoretical models: a one-dimensional spectroscopic model with Herman-Wallis rotation-vibration corrections, and a line-by-line ab initio dipole moment surface model [Zak et al. JQSRT 2016;177:31-42]. For the second approach, we fit only a single factor to rescale the theoretical integrated band intensity to be consistent with the measured intensities. We find that the latter approach yields an equally adequate representation of the fitted J-dependent intensity data and provides the most physically general representation of the results. Our recommended value for the integrated band intensity equal to 7.183 × 10−21 cm molecule−1 ± 6 × 10−24 cm molecule−1 is based on the rescaled ab initio model and corresponds to a fitted scale factor of 1.0069 ± 0.0002. Comparisons of literature intensity values to our results reveal systematic deviations ranging from −1.16 % to +0.33 %.
Abstract P082: The Association Between Traditional Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Small Vessel Lower Extremity Arterial Disease In a Healthy Community-dwelling Population: Rancho Bernardo Study

Background: A prior report suggested that small vessel lower extremity arterial disease (svLEAD) was pathophysiologically and epidemiologically distinct from large vessel LEAD (lvLEAD). In a healthy community-dwelling older Caucasian population, we investigated whether traditional CVD risk factors independently contributed to svLEAD, as they did to lvLEAD, and whether the combination of these factors was more strongly associated with disease prevalence. Methods: We evaluated 965 Rancho Bernardo Study participants with complete measures of ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe-brachial index (TBI), and traditional CVD risk factors. SvLEAD was defined by bilateral normal ABI (1.0-1.4) with bilateral TBI Results: Eighty participants (8.3%) met svLEAD criteria. Table 1 presents odds ratios (ORs) for associations of svLEAD with traditional CVD risk factors, MS, and GFRS within the study population as well as stratified by sex. While considering all potential CVD risk factors in our full analysis, only relevant predictors are included in Table 1. Age, male sex, LDL-C and pack-years of smoking were positively associated with svLEAD; and heart rate and waist circumference were inversely associated with svLEAD. These associations did not differ by sex. Conclusion: Associations between svLEAD and pack-years of smoking, male sex, and LDL-C suggest that svLEAD shares similar risk factors with lvLEAD. Lack of svLEAD associations with other CVD risk factors and their combinations as Metabolic Syndrome or General Framingham Risk Score, however, continues to suggest different pathophysiology.
Chapter 4 – Small Carboranes: Four- to Six-Vertex Clusters

The synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivities of the smallest carboranes are discussed, ranging from CB3Hx, C2B2HX, and closo-C2B3H5 to closo-C2B4H6 and the nido-CnB6-nH10-x (n = 1-5) systems, as well as the monocarbon CB5H7 and CB5H6− clusters.
Real-word incidence and management of durable complete response in de novo metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer.

e13017Background: HER2-directed therapies enable a small number of patients with de novo HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) to achieve long term durable responses (DR). However, clinic-pathologic...
Cover crop mixture expression is influenced by nitrogen availability and growing degree days

Cover crop mixtures can provide multiple ecosystem services but provisioning of these services is contingent upon the expression of component species in the mixture. From the same seed mixture, cover crop mixture expression varied greatly across farms and we hypothesized that this variation was correlated with soil inorganic nitrogen (N) concentrations and growing degree days. We measured fall and spring biomass of a standard five-species mixture of canola (Brassica napus L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L), triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) seeded at a research station and on 8 farms across Pennsylvania and New York in two consecutive years. At the research station, soil inorganic N (soil iN) availablity and cumulative fall growing degree days (GDD) were experimentally manipulated through fertilizer additions and planting date. Farmers seeded the standard mixture and a "farm-tuned" mixture of the same five species with component seeding rates adjusted to achieve farmer-desired services. We used Structural Equation Modeling to parse out the effects of soil iN and GDD on cover crop mixture expression. When soil iN and fall GDD were high, canola dominated the mixture, especially in the fall. Low soil iN favored legume species while a shorter growing season favored triticale. Changes in seeding rates influenced mixture composition in fall and spring but interacted with GDD to determine the final expression of the mixture. Our results show that when soil iN availability is high at the time of cover crop planting, highly competitive species can dominate mixtures which could potentially decrease services provided by other species, especially legumes. Early planting dates can exacerbate the dominance of aggressive species. Managers should choose cover crop species and seeding rates according to their soil iN and GDD to ensure the provision of desired services.
Character Synthesis of Ballet Archetypes on Robots Using Laban Movement Analysis: Comparison Between a Humanoid and an Aerial Robot Platform with Lay and Expert Observation

Imitation of human movement by robots is an important area of research to create expressive systems that are able to interact with humans in social settings. One lens through which imitation may be investigated is that of character archetypes, commonly found in human story-telling. Classical ballet, a form of story-telling through movement, makes extensive use of such archetypes. This paper reviews how Laban Movement Analysis creates a descriptive taxonomy in which features of interest may be identified and reported from human performers to robotic platforms, specifically for a BeBop aerial drone and a Nao humanoid platform. To determine the success of this approach, the paper also presents evaluation by lay human viewers that validates the character transfer. Moreover, this paper offers more nuance into this evaluation by querying two specialized groups of experts, which frequently deviated from lay ratings and, thus, offer deeper insight into both the success of the character transfer and the importance of prior training in movement perception. This work may be useful in human-facing scenarios where character archetypes facilitate engagement, identification, and understanding between robots and human counterparts. Further, it highlights nuances in working with expert artists to create broadly applicable designs.
Combination MEK and mTOR inhibitor therapy is active in models of glioblastoma.

Background RAS effector signaling pathways such as PI3K/mTOR and ERK are frequently dysregulated in glioblastoma. While small molecule targeted therapies against these pathways have appeared promising in preclinical studies, they have been disappointing in clinical trials due to toxicity and de novo and adaptive resistance. To identify predictors of glioblastoma sensitivity to dual pathway inhibition with mTORC1/2 and MEK inhibitors, we tested these agents, alone and in combination, in a cohort of genomically characterized glioblastoma cell lines. Methods Seven genomically characterized, patient-derived glioblastoma neurosphere cell lines were evaluated for their sensitivity to the dual mTORC1/2 kinase inhibitor sapanisertib (MLN0128, TAK-228) alone or in combination with the MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib (GSK1120212), using assessment of proliferation and evaluation of the downstream signaling consequences of these inhibitors. Results Sapanisertib inhibited cell growth in neurosphere lines, but induced apoptosis only in a subset of lines, and did not completely inhibit downstream mTOR signaling via ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). Growth sensitivity to MEK inhibitor monotherapy was observed in a subset of lines defined by loss of NF1, was predicted by an ERK-dependent expression signature, and was associated with effective phospho-RPS6 inhibition. In these lines, combined MEK/mTOR treatment further inhibited growth and induced apoptosis. Combined MEK and mTOR inhibition also led to modest antiproliferative effects in lines with intact NF1 and insensitivity to MEK inhibitor monotherapy. Conclusions These data demonstrate that combined MEK/mTOR inhibition is synergistic in glioblastoma cell lines and may be more potent in NF1-deficient glioblastoma.
Split supersymmetry and dark matter generation

We analyze a simple Split Supersymmetry scenario where fermion masses come from anomaly mediation, yielding ms ~ 1000 TeV, m3/2 ~ 100 TeV, and mf ~ 1 TeV. We consider non-thermal dark matter production in the presence of moduli, and we find that the decay chains of moduli → LSPs and moduli → gravitinos → LSPs generate dark matter more efficiently than perturbative freeze-out, allowing for a light, LHC visible spectrum. These decaying moduli can also weaken cosmological constraints on the axion decay constant. With squark masses of order 1000 TeV, LHC gluinos will decay millimeters from their primary vertices, resulting in a striking experimental signature, and the suppression of Flavor Changing Neutral Currents is almost sufficient to allow arbitrary mixing in squark mass matrices.
Using COPD action plans to support outcomes after discharge.

ABSTRACT: In 2017, the World Health Organization reported that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) impacted 251 million individuals and was responsible for 3.17 million deaths globally. To educate hospitalized patients with COPD about self-management at home, nurses require an action plan to use as part of discharge instructions. This article discusses the benefits of COPD action plans revealed in the literature and describes the creation and use of such an action plan by the author.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Disrupt Progression of Early Covid-19 Infection.

By the end of 2020, more than 19 million Americans had received the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.1 Although a substantial proportion of these ...
Engineering Cardiac Small Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Vehicles with Thin-Film Hydration for Customized microRNA Loading

Cell therapies for myocardial infarction, including cardiac ckit+ progenitor cell (CPC) therapies, have been promising, with clinical trials underway. Recently, paracrine signaling, specifically through small extracellular vesicle (sEV) release, was implicated in cell-based cardiac repair. sEVs carry cardioprotective cargo, including microRNA (miRNA), within a complex membrane and improve cardiac outcomes similar to that of their parent cells. However, miRNA loading efficiency is low, and sEV yield and cargo composition vary with parent cell conditions, minimizing sEV potency. Synthetic mimics allow for cargo-loading control but consist of much simpler membranes, often suffering from high immunogenicity and poor stability. Here, we aim to combine the benefits of sEVs and synthetic mimics to develop sEV-like vesicles (ELVs) with customized cargo loading. We developed a modified thin-film hydration (TFH) mechanism to engineer ELVs from CPC-derived sEVs with pro-angiogenic miR-126 encapsulated. Characterization shows miR-126+ ELVs are similar in size and structure to sEVs. Upon administration to cardiac endothelial cells (CECs), ELV uptake is similar to sEVs too. Further, when functionally validated with a CEC tube formation assay, ELVs significantly improve tube formation parameters compared to sEVs. This study shows TFH-ELVs synthesized from sEVs allow for select miRNA loading and can improve in vitro cardiac outcomes.
The Physical Basis of Color Specification

People have been conscious of color from the earliest times. Cave dwellers decorated their walls with coloring materials that they dug from the earth. Mineral colors, a few vegetable dyes, and some dyes obtained from insects and mollusks were the only materials available until the last century. The paucity of usable materials was not remedied until after Perkin’s synthesis of mauve from coal tar in 1856. That discovery led to the introduction of thousands of synthetic dyes and pigments. In the ever-increasing use of color today, the lack of suitable coloring materials no longer limits the variety of attainable colors.
Pattern Speeds of Three Spirals Using Co and the Tremaine-Weinberg Method

We apply the Tremaine-Weinberg method to high-resolution, single-dish measurements of CO in three nearby spirals with molecule-dominated ISMs in order to measure the speeds of their spiral patterns. We demonstrate the applicability of the method and test for the most likely systematic effects. We find speeds of 38±5, 45±5 and 39±5 km s−1 kpc−1 for M51, M83 and NGC 6946 respectively. We compare these with previous measurements by other means.
A nonlinear flight controller design for a UFO by trajectory linearization method. I. Modeling

We present the development of a nonlinear dynamic model of a 3 degrees-of-freedom (3 DOF) flight control experiment apparatus, the "Quanser UFO", which is a helicopter with three propellers driven by DC motors. The modeling includes determination of the geometric and physical properties of the airframe, control derivatives, static stability, as well as closed-loop attitude control performance specifications. The location of the center of gravity (CG) and the mass moments of inertia are determined by both experimental approaches and by means of a three-dimensional computer aided design (CAD) software package Solid Edge. The control effectiveness derivative matrix is determined from the nominal DC motor and propeller parameters. Closed-loop flying quality specifications are also derived, assuming the UFO is a 1:9 scale model of a real aircraft. The nonlinear dynamic model was then implemented and validated in SIMULINK.
Control of dynamic VAR compensator based on current source converter

The paper proposes a current source based Dynamic VAR Compensator (DVC) control strategy. The switching unit in this DVC topology is composed of series connected switch and diode also termed as the “current switch”. The proposed controller has been designed to force discontinuous conduction mode operation thus fundamentally different from the traditional constant current source based control system operation. This naturally facilitates zero current turn-on, zero voltage switch overlap and zero current turn off. Two of the switches undergo hard switched turn off only once in a switching time period. The switching scheme has been managed in such a way that the diodes are always turned off at zero voltage thereby minimizing the reverse recovery loss and stress. This effectively reduces the switching losses and allows the switching frequency to be designed considerably higher. High Switching frequency facilitates faster response and high power density. An average model of this DVC converter has been used in an IEEE-34 BUS system to validate the VAR compensation capability. It has been shown that this effectively improves the feeder voltage profile. The ill effects of partial clouding over roof-top PV cells have also been shown, and its mitigation by the DVC. The proposed VAR compensator algorithm can adjust capacitive reactive power as well as inductive reactive power, which can be adapted to a wide range of load.
Baby Boomers and Seniors: Understanding Their Leisure Values Enhances Programs

As 76 million baby boomers march into retirement, a world of leisure activities will present itself. The purpose of this study was to explore what tomorrow's seniors (those born between 1946 and 1964) compared to today's seniors (those born before 1946) are searching for in terms of community recreation program preferences as perceived by their value structure. Results indicate significance between these two groups. Three steps are presented as guidelines for programming success for the professional. The baby boom generation needs to be fully understood in terms of their leisure values in order to make responsible future decisions regarding facilities, programs, and services.
Firing Shchelkov and Dankov dolomites in rotary kilns with oxygen-enriched air

As a result of enriching the air with oxygen to 23.5–24.9% during the firing of dolomite in a rotary kiln, the flame temperature is increased to 1900–1980°C, that is, by 150–185°C; the burnt dolomite, if the raw materials meet the requirements of ChMTU 8-22-67, satisfy the requirements of ChMTU 8-21-67 in terms of chemical composition and apparent density; the specific consumption of raw materials is 16–20% less, the specific yield is 40–50% greater, and the specific consumption of standard fuel is 10–14% less. The consumption of additional oxygen is 150–175 m3/ton of burnt dolomite.
Sex and Setting Effects on Seating Arrangement

Summary Natural observation of the seating arrangement by sex of three or more people seated at 176 different rectangular tables in social settings and 150 different rectangular tables in nonsocial settings were made. In social settings, opposite sex pairs selected a side by side seating arrangement, while same sex pairs, especially males, preferred to sit across from one another. In nonsocial settings, individuals selected the side by side seating arrangement regardless of sex. The importance of situational context and learned sexual norms to observed spatial behavior was discussed.
Restriction endonuclease mapping of a plasmid that confers oncogenicity upon Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain B6-806.

Abstract The 26 SmaI digest fragments of pTi-B6-806 plasmid have a total molecular weight (121 × 106) which accounts for the size of the plasmid as determined by contour length measurements. We have determined the physical arrangement of all SmaI digest fragments with reference to HpaI digest fragments. Hybridization of individual labeled SmaI digest fragments to HpaI digest fragments (cellulose nitrate transfers) allowed the latter to be ordered and located the SmaI boundary fragments. Recleavage of isolated HpaI fragments with SmaI revealed the SmaI fragments located within each HpaI fragment. The order of these internal SmaI fragments within a given HpaI fragment was determined by partial digestion of the latter with SmaI and hybridization of the resulting fragments with SmaI boundary fragments. From the sizes of partial digest fragments containing each boundary, the order of occurrence of SmaI fragments from each end was deduced. The complete map of the SmaI digest fragments is presented. The map of the HpaI digest fragments is presented with the following ambiguity: The order of fragments 12, 15, and 16, which map within SmaI fragment 1, was not determined. The SmaI digest fragments that contain DNA sequences transferred to plant cells during tumor induction, fragments 3b and 10c, were found to be contiguous on the physical map.
Lessons learned from the installation and operation of Northern California's first 70-MPa hydrogen fueling station

Abstract A hydrogen dispensing facility capable of providing rapid 70-MPa vehicle fills became operational in May 2011 as the first such hydrogen dispensing facility in Northern California. The facility is operated by the University of California – Berkeley in support of fuel cell vehicle research with automakers, regional and state agencies, and industrial groups. In addition to storing and dispensing high-pressure hydrogen fuel, the station also incorporates a number of key advances in hydrogen refueling system capabilities, including novel fuel pre-cooling, fuel storage, and system safety systems. Key lessons learned from the construction and initial operation of the station include: 1) extensive initial planning is essential for smooth project development; 2) permitting is a key step and early engagement with local officials is critical; 3) extensive safety reviews may be required; 4) site work should be conducted with careful planning and execution; 5) methodical system commissioning is a key step in the project development process; 6) careful station maintenance and operational planning is critical for minimization of station downtime; and 7) station upkeep and utility expenses can be considerable.
Ecdysone titres in the last larva and adult stages of the milkweed bug

Abstract Each day of the last larva stage and the first 10 days and the fourteenth day of the adult stage were assayed for ecdysone. There was no statistical difference in the amount of ecdysone/g of bugs between days 1 to 6 of the fifth instar and these days were all significantly higher than days 0 and 7. Ecdysone was detected at a low level on all the days of the adult stage that were tested except the day of ecdysis.