cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
World and Earth: Hannah Arendt and the Human Relationship to Nature

In place of traditional approaches in environmental ethics, I suggest an improved approach, with respect to the goal of improving the condition of the natural environment, called ‘world mediation’ through the use of Hannah Arendt's theory of the vita activa. This approach focuses on the relationship between human made worlds and nature, from which a theory of value is suggested. Intrinsic value theory and nature–culture monism are both criticized for an insufficient attention paid toward the human–nature relationship.
Treatment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus With a Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 2 mcg/mL

Background: Vancomycin has been considered the standard of therapy for infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) for decades. The aims of this study were to describe the clinical outcomes of patients with infections caused by MRSA with a vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 mcg/mL and determine whether achievement of a high vancomycin trough concentration affected outcomes.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from a single medical center from 2003 through 2007. The study included patients with a culture positive for MRSA with a vancomycin MIC of 2 mcg/mL who received vancomycin therapy. Treatment groups were determined by weighted average vancomycin trough concentration. Subjects were assigned to either the conventional (less than 15 mcg/mL) or high (15 mcg/mL or higher) trough group. Outcome measures included attainment of clinical cure, all-cause mortality, and occurrence of nephrotoxicity.Results: Of the 79 patients included in the stud...
Education and nutrition linkages in Africa: evidence from national level analysis

Abstract National level data were analyzed to establish the nature of association and the magnitude of contribution of education exposure to variance on measures nutritional well-being across Africa. Height and weight dependent anthropometric measures were used to assess nutritional well-being. Literacy (illiteracy) rates were the measures of educational exposure. Education was found to have a direct effect on the weight dependent anthropometric measures and an indirect effect on the long-term measure of nutritional status. Female education had a direct effect on the food intake measure. The findings support the need to invest in provision of basic education for all.
Overlap of Doxycycline Fluorescence with that of the Redox-Sensitive Intracellular Reporter roGFP

Tetracycline-inducible systems allow for either suppression or induction of transgene expression to facilitate studies of cell physiology. Doxycycline is a preferred inducer for these gene expression systems due to its membrane permeability; however, the heterocyclic structure of doxycycline exhibits fluorogenic properties that can potentially bias measurement of other fluorochromes. Thus the simultaneous use of tetracycline-inducible systems and fluorescent proteins as reporter genes or as intracellular biosensors may lead to potentially confounding results. Herein, using cells which co-express the ratiometric redox sensitive intracellular reporter, roGFP, and a tetracycline-inducible reporter plasmid encoding the reporter gene, mCherry, as a model system, we describe the overlapping intracellular fluorescent signals between doxycycline and commonly used intracellular fluorescent probes. In our cells, the addition of doxycycline to cells caused a dose- and time-dependent increase in cell fluorescence with 405 nm excitation which overlapped with that of the oxidized configuration of roGFP. Incubating cells in concentrations of doxycycline less than 1 μg/mL and removing doxycycline from the media 60 min before performing experiments eliminated fluorescence interference while still maintaining maximal reporter transgene activation.
Coupling immunoassays with chromatographic separation techniques.

Coupling immunoassays with HPLC separation techniques is becoming increasingly useful in the analysis of biological and nonbiological samples of both large and small molecules. This is because it provides both sensitivity and selectivity for molecular analysis at relatively low cost, low maintenance and with excellent potential for automation. This paper reviews application of this hyphenated approach both in the pre-column immunoextraction and post-column immunodetection modes. Systems in which immunoassays are interfaced to chromatographic separations in order to separate bound and free fractions of the immunoassay will not be included since these systems do not provide the enhanced selectivity common to hyphenated systems. Post-column immunodetection is based on various immunoassay formats such as direct detection, one-site, competitive and sandwich immunoassays. Homogeneous immunodetectors are more convenient than heterogeneous immunodectors since there are no separation and column regeneration steps involved in homogeneous immunoassays. On the other hand, heterogeneous immunoassays are generally more sensitive than homogeneous immunoassays since interfering substances are removed prior to immunodetection. Advantages and limitations for the various approaches will be discussed.
Remark on black hole entropy in string theory.

We extend the string-theoretic calculation of black hole entropy, first performed by Susskind and Uglum, away from the infinite mass limit. It is shown that the result agrees with that obtained from the classical action of string theory, using the Noether charge method developed by Wald. Also shown in the process is the equivalence of two general techniques for finding black hole entropies---the Noether charge method and the method of conical singularities.
Mo-capped Al–Nd alloy for both gate and data bus lines of liquid crystal displays

Abstract Aluminum–neodymium (Al–Nd) alloy and molybdenum (Mo)-capped structures were applied to both gate and data bus lines of liquid crystal displays (LCD). We investigated the hillock resistance and electrical properties of Al–Nd alloys. Their structures were studied by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and SEM. Adding 2 at.% Nd to Al effectively prevented the Al film from forming hillock and whisker. The electrical resistivity varied with the annealing temperature after deposition: the resistivity was 4.3 μΩ cm with annealing at 350°C and 10.0 μΩ cm with annealing at 250°C. Mo is used not only to suppress hillocks, but also for taper etching of lines and as a contact layer with other materials. We investigated the effects of adding Nd to Al, and found that the Nd addition improved the step coverage, thermal resistance, patternability, and mechanical strength of the lines. By applying a common structure and metals for both gate and data bus lines, we could increase the productivity of TFT-LCDs.
Hypotension as a manifestation of cardiotoxicity in three patients receiving cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil

Cardiac symptoms, including hypotension, developed in three patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma while being treated with cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In two patients, hypotension was associated with severe left ventricular dysfunction. All three patients required therapy discontinuation. Cardiac enzymes remained normal despite transient electrocardiographic (EKG) changes. The presentation and cardiac evaluation (hemodynamic, echocardiographic, and scintigraphic) of these patients suggest new manifestations of 5-FU cardiotoxicity that may be influenced by CDDP. The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.
The Sorption of Acids by Wool from Mixtures of Acids

The amounts of trichleroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid sorbed by wool from mixtures containing various amounts of the two acids in aqueous solution were measured. Tests were also carried out with solutions of triehloroacetie acid and monochloroacetic acid alone. The results show the same sort of relationship between the amounts of hydrochloric acid and trichloroacetic acid sorbed and the concentration of the corresponding anions in the solution in equilibrium with the wool as that found in the previous experiments with dichloroacetic acid and with monochloroacetic acid1, but the affinity of trichloroacetic acid for wool is much higher than the affinities of these two acids. The amount of acid sorbed can be calculated from the final concentrations of the two acids in the solution at equilibrium, as before 1, but a correction that depends on the chloride ion concentration has to be introduced.
Epidemiology of Adult Psychiatric Visits to U.S. Emergency Departments

Objectives: To characterize psychiatric-related emergency department visits (PREDVs) among adults in the United States for the year 2000 and to analyze PREDV trends from 1992 to 2000. Methods: Emergency department (ED) visit data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were used to estimate the number of PREDVs for adults aged 18 years and older. A PREDV was defined as any visit with a psychiatric discharge diagnosis (ICD N290‐ N312) or a suicide attempt (ICD E950‐E959). Results: Approximately 4.3 million PREDVs occurred in the United States in the year 2000, yielding an annual rate of 21 visits per 1,000 adults. The PREDV rates increased 15% between 1992 and 2000. The PREDVs accounted for 5.4% of all ED visits. Substance abuse (27%), neuroses (26%), and psychoses (21%) were the most common conditions. African Americans had significantly higher visit rates (29/1,000; 95% CI = 27/1,000 to 31/1,000) compared with whites (23/1,000; 95% CI = 22/1,000 to 25/1,000). Persons with Medicaid (66/ 1,000; 95% CI = 64/1,000 to 68/1,000) had double the rate of PREDVs than the uninsured (33/1,000; 95% CI = 31/1,000 to 35/1,000) and almost eight times the rate of those privately insured (8/1,000; 95% CI = 7/1,000 to 10/1,000). Patients with psychiatric diagnoses had a higher admission rate (22%) than those with nonpsychiatric diagnoses (15%). The uninsured were the least likely to be admitted for all major psychiatric conditions except suicide (p \ 0.0001). Conclusions: Psychiatric-related ED visits represent a substantial and growing number of ED visits each year. Patient characteristics influence the likelihood of a PREDV. Further research is needed to better understand the role that hospital EDs play in the delivery of health care services to those with mental illness. Key words: psychiatry; emergency department; epidemiology; NHAMCS; insurance. ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2004; 11:193‐195.
A performance evaluation of variations to the standard back-propagation algorithm

A number of techniques have been proposed recently, which attempt to improve the generalization capabilities of backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs). Among them, weight-decay, cross-validation, and weight-smoothing are probably the most simple and the most frequently used. This paper presents an empirical performance comparison among the above approaches using two real world databases. In addition, in order to further improve generalization, a combination of all the above approaches has been considered and tested. Experimental results illustrate that the coupling of all the three approaches together, significantly outperforms each other individual approach.
Structural and Functional Analysis of Missense Mutations in Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase, the Gene Deficient in Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme involved in the last step of tyrosine degradation, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH). Thus far, 34 mutations in the FAH gene have been reported in various HT1 patients. Site-directed mutagenesis of the FAH cDNA was used to investigate the effects of eight missense mutations found in HTI patients on the structure and activity of FAH. Mutated FAH proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and in mammalian CV-1 cells. Mutations N16I, F62C, A134D, C193R, D233V, and W234G lead to enzymatically inactive FAH proteins. Two mutations (R341W, associated with the pseudo-deficiency phenotype, and Q279R) produced proteins with a level of activity comparable to the wild-type enzyme. The N16I, F62C, C193R, and W234G variants were enriched in an insoluble cellular fraction, suggesting that these amino acid substitutions interfere with the proper folding of the enzyme. Based on the tertiary structure of FAH, on circular dichroism data, and on solubility measurements, we propose that the studied missense mutations cause three types of structural effects on the enzyme: 1) gross structural perturbations, 2) limited conformational changes in the active site, and 3) conformational modifications with no significant effect on enzymatic activity.
Nearest-neighbor repulsion-perturbed silicon monohydride bond-stretching vibrations in hydrogenated and deuterated silicon nitrogen alloy films

Abstract It is shown that increases in the frequency of the silicon monohydride (SiH) bond-stretching vibration in hydrogenated silicon nitrides, over and above what can be attributed to chemical induction effects, are generated by a repulsive interaction between the H-atom of the SiH group, and a near-neighbor SiNH group. This interaction increases the effective bond-stretching force constant of the H-atom of the SiH group. This effect has been verified by ab initio quantum chemistry calculations that have been used to calculate the energy of the H-atom of the SiH group as a function of the relative separation between near-neighbor SiH and SiNH groups.
Status of advanced propulsion for space-based orbital transfer vehicle

A new Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) propulsion system will be required to meet the needs of space missions beyond the mid-1990's. As envisioned, the advanced OTV will be used in conjunction with earth-to-orbit vehicles, Space Station, and Orbit Maneuvering Vehicle. The OTV will transfer men, large space structures, and conventional payloads between low earth and higher energy orbits. Space probes carried by the OTV will continue the exploration of the solar system. When lunar bases are established, the OTV will be their transportation link to earth. NASA is currently funding the development of technology for advanced propulsion concepts for future Orbital Transfer Vehicles. Progress in key areas during 1986 is presented.
Re-examination of BCC based phase diagrams with constant first and second neighbor pair interactions in the cluster variation approximation

Abstract The tetrahedron approximation of the Cluster Variation Method (CVM) has been employed to calculate a number of BCC phase diagrams. Concentration-independent nearest- and next-nearest neighbor interactions (V1 and V2, respectively) have been varied so that the ratio of V2 over V1 takes values between 0.6 and unity. Special attention has been paid to the region where the B2 and B32 ordered phases have almost equal ground state energies. Some important features of the phase diagrams obtained with the CVM calculations have been compared with predictions from both low-temperature expansions and the Landau theory.
Human amyloid protein: diversity and uniformity.

Abstract The major protein of amyloid fibril concentrates of ten tissues obtained from six patients has been fractionated by sequential gel filtration on Sepharose 4 B and Sephadex G-100 columns using 5 M guanidine-HCl in 1 N acetic acid with removal of over 28% of minor constituents. The major amyloid protein from each individual differs from that of the others in molecular weight, amino acid composition and peptide map profile. The major protein from the liver and spleen of the same individual, however, are identical. A serum component having an immunologic relationship to the patients' major amyloid protein has been detected migrating to the γ-globulin region on immunoelectrophoresis.
Analysis of low-momentum correlations with Cartesian harmonics

Exploiting final-state interactions and/or identity interference, analysis of anisotropic correlations of particles at low-relative velocities yields information on the anisotropy of emission sources in heavy-ion reactions. We show that the use of Cartesian surface-spherical harmonics in such analysis allows for a systematic expansion of the correlations in terms of real angular-moment coefficients dependent on relative momentum. The coefficients are directly related to the analogous coefficients for emission sources. We illustrate the analysis with an example of correlations generated by classical Coulomb interaction.
Actin‐dependent myoid elongation in teleost rod inner/outer segments occurs in the absence of net actin polymerization

In the retinas of teleost fish, rod photoreceptors elongate in response to light. Light-activated elongation is mediated by the myoid of the rod inner segment and is actin-dependent. Inner segment F-actin filaments form bundles running parallel to the cell's long axis. We examined the mechanism of rod elongation using mechanically-detached rod fragments, consisting of the motile inner segment and sensory outer segment (RIS-ROS). When RIS-ROS are isolated from dark-adapted green sunfish and cultured in the light, they elongate 15 microns at 0.3-0.6 microns/min. Elongation was inhibited 65% by 0.1 microM Cytochalasin D, suggesting a requirement for actin assembly. To determine the extent of assembly during elongation, we used three approaches to measure the F-actin content in RIS-ROS: detection of pelletable actin by SDS-PAGE after detergent-extraction of RIS-ROS; quantification of fluorescein-phalloidin binding by fluorimetry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and image analysis; estimation of total F-actin filament length by electron microscopy. All three assays indicated that no net assembly of RIS-ROS F-actin accompanied myoid elongation. An increase in F-actin content within the elongated myoid was counterbalanced by a decrease in F-actin content within the 13 microvillus-like calycal processes located at the end of the inner segment opposite to the growing myoid. O'Connor and Burnside (Journal of Cell Biology 89:517-524, 1981) showed that minus-ends of rod F-actin filaments are oriented towards the elongating myoid while plus-ends are oriented towards the shortening calycal processes. Our observations suggest that RIS-ROS elongation entails actin polymerization at the minus-ends of filaments coupled with depolymerization at the filament plus-ends.
Formation of Community‐Based Hypertension Practice Networks: Success, Obstacles, and Lessons Learned

Community-based practice networks for research and improving the quality of care are growing in size and number but have variable success rates. In this paper, the authors review recent efforts to initiate a community-based hypertension network modeled after the successful Outpatient Quality Improvement Network (O'QUIN) project, located at the Medical University of South Carolina. Key lessons learned and new directions to be explored are highlighted.
Nephrogenic adenoma of bladder. Clinical and ultrastructural study.

Abstract A clinical and pathologic .study of a case of nephrogenic adenoma is presented. The disease developed eight months after gunshot wounds. Ultrastructurally, the tubular structure of the lesion resembled that of a collecting tubule. A conservative approach was the treatment of choice in the absence of microscopically malignant changes.
RPA theory of magnetic excitations in rare earth-transition metal compounds: Application to ErCo2 and ErFe2

Abstract We have calculated the magnetic excitation spectrum and neutron scattering intensities appropriate to the Laves phase compounds ErCo 2 and ErFe 2 using standard basis operator Greens functions in the random phase approximation. The results are in excellent agreement with recent neutron inelastic scattering data.
Seeing is Believing: Effects of Uncivil Online Debate on Political Polarization and Expectations of Deliberation

The present study examines how exposure to uncivil online comments influences individuals' attitude polarization along political party lines, perceived political polarization of the public, and expectations about public deliberation. Findings show that exposure to uncivil online discussion does not affect attitude polarization, but it does significantly affect the perceived polarization of the public. In addition, exposure to uncivil online discussion leads to lower expectations about public deliberation and such effect of uncivil discussion on expectations of public deliberation was mediated by perceived public polarization but not by attitude polarization.
Embedding Knowledge Elicitation and MT Systems within a Single Architecture

This paper describes Expedition, an environment designed to facilitate the quick ramp-up of MT systems from practically any alphabetic language (L) into English. The central component of Expedition is a knowledge-elicitation system that guides a linguistically naive bilingual speaker through the process of describing L in terms of its ecological, morphological, grammatical, lexical, and transfer information. Expedition also includes a module for converting the elicited information into the format expected by the underlying MT system and an MT engine that relies on both the elicited knowledge and resident knowledge about English. The Expedition environment is integrated using a configuration and control system. Expedition represents an innovative approach to answering the need for rapid-configuration MT by preparing an MT system in which the only missing link is information about L, which is elicited in a structured fashion such that it can be directly exploited by the system. In this paper we report on the current state of Expedition with an emphasis on the knowledge elicitation system.
Capillary gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of abnormal metabolites in hypoglycin-treated rat urine

Numerous abnormal metabolites were identified in large amounts in the urine of hypoglycin-treated rats using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-computer analysis. These metabolites are not detectable in significant amounts in normal rats' urine. Ten of them have not been previously associated with hypoglycin administration: these are several hydroxy compounds, including those from the valine and isoleucine pathways, 2-oxo-adipic acid, n-butyrylglycine and isovaleryl glucuronide. These results indicate that the pathways of isoleucine and valine metabolism are inhibited at their respective acyl-CoA dehydrogenation steps, as is the case for fatty acid, leucine and lysine metabolism, as previously shown. The mass spectra of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of cis, cis-4,7-decadiene-1,10-dioic, cis-4-decene-1,10-dioic, cis-4-octene-1,8-dioic acids, and (methylenecyclopropyl)acetylglycine, which were previously identified using nuclear magnetic resonance and oxidative cleavage or acid hydrolysis, are presented for the first time.
Key variables in technology transfer: A field-study based empirical analysis

Abstract Research and development (R&D) consortia represent a new organizational form which highlights barriers and clarifies solutions to efficient and timely technology transfer. Using interview, archival, and survey data collected on one of the nation's oldest and most prominent R&D consortia, the MCC (Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation), this study refines and contributes to established technology transfer theory by suggesting that four variables—communication interactivity, cultural and geographical distance, technology equivocality, and personal motivation—are central to technology transfer processes within and between organizations. Research hypotheses are presented in terms of a Technology Transfer Grid which depicts different combinations and managerial implications of the four variables.
Combination of low level light therapy and nitrosyl-cobinamide accelerates wound healing

Low level light therapy (LLLT) has numerous therapeutic benefits, including improving wound healing, but the precise mechanisms involved are not well established; in particular, the underlying role of cytochrome C oxidase (C-ox) as the primary photoacceptor and the associated biochemical mechanisms still require further investigation. We previously showed the nitric oxide (NO) donating drug nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi) enhances wound healing through a cGMP/cGMP-dependent protein kinase/ERK1/2 mechanism. Here, we show that the combination of LLLT and NO-Cbi markedly improves wound healing compared to either treatment alone. LLLT-enhanced wound healing proceeded through an electron transport chain-C-ox-dependent mechanism with a reduction of reactive oxygen species and increased adenosine triphosphate production. C-ox was validated as the primary photoacceptor by three observations: increased oxygen consumption, reduced wound healing in the presence of sodium azide, and disassociation of cyanide, a known C-ox ligand, following LLLT. We conclude that LLLT and NO-Cbi accelerate wound healing through two independent mechanisms, the electron transport chain-C-ox pathway and cGMP signaling, respectively, with both resulting in ERK1/2 activation.
Meeting End-to-End Deadlines through Distributed Local Deadline Assignments

In a distributed real-time system, jobs are often executed on a number of processors and must be completed by their end-to-end deadlines. Without considering resource competition among different jobs on each processor, deadline requirements may be violated. The paper introduces a distributed approach to assigning local deadlines to the jobs on each processor. The approach leads to improved schedulability results by considering disparate workloads among the processors due to competing jobs having different paths. Simulation results based on randomly generated workloads indicate that the proposed approach outperforms existing work in terms of both the number of feasible task sets (between 22% and 75%) and the number of feasible jobs (between 57% and 46%).
Thermal interaction of parallel gas lines with a nonadiabatic real gas flow

Thermal interaction of parallel gas lines with a nonadiabatic real gas flow is investigated. The Poincare method is applied to yield solutions useful for engineering design purposes.
Child care centers as organizations: A social systems perspective

This article presents a social systems model for understanding the dynamics of organizational life in child care centers. The components of this model consist of the external environment, people, structure, processes, culture, and outcomes. A systems approach provides a useful paradigm for program administrators when considering different change strategies to improve their center's organizational effectiveness.
Pressure sensor to determine spatial pressure distributions on boundary layer flows

The determination of pressures along the surface of a wind tunnel proves difficult with methods that must introduce devices into the flow stream. This paper presents a sensor that is part of the wall. A special interferometric reflection moire technique is developed and used to produce signals that measures pressure both in static and dynamic settings. The sensor developed is an intelligent sensor that combines optics and electronics to analyze the pressure patterns. The sensor provides the input to a control system that is capable of modifying the shape of the wall and preserve the stability of the flow.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Will copyright protect the public interest

In the past two years the U.S. has witnessed a major effort to overhaul intellectual property law. Under the guise of responding to challenges posed by the increasing amount of information in digital form, the content industry (publishers, motion picture studios, music distributors, etc.) has engaged in a veritable assault on long‐standing public interest practices. In what law professor Pam Samuelson has termed the “Copyright Grab,” the content industry is exploiting concerns over digitization and attempting to reshape the law by strengthening protection for copyright holders and weakening public rights to access and use material.
Non-identity of cystine lyase with β-cystathionase in turnip roots

Abstract An active preparation of cystine lyase (EC 4.4.1.-) was prepared from turnip roots and its substrate specificity examined. Only L -cysteine, cysteine-S-SO3, and the sulphoxides of L -djenkolic acid, S-methyl-and S-ethyl- L -cysteine were substrates. L -Cystathione, L -djenkolic acid, S-methyl-and S-ethyl-cysteines were not cleaved by this enzyme. The Km for L -cystine was 1.3 mM and L -cystathionine acted as an effective competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 0.7 mM. After dialysis against 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.5, added pyridoxal phosphate was absolutely necessary for activity. In addition a marked stimulation was observed in the presence of ammonium sulphate. The products of the reaction were cysteine persulphide, pyruvate and presumably ammonia. The persulphide was easily demonstrated by cleavage with CN− to yield SCN− under conditions in which elemental sulphur was unreactive.
Comparison and reliability of three goniometric methods for measuring forearm supination and pronation.

Active supination and pronation range of motion of the right forearm by 10 men and 21 women were measured with a goniometer using three methods. For Method One the moveable arm was aligned with a pencil held in the hand; for Method Two the moveable arm was placed over the anterior and posterior surface of the distal forearm for supination and pronation, respectively; and for Method Three the moveable arm was aligned parallel with a visualized line connecting the distal ulna and radius. Supination range of motion was greatest for Method One, followed by Methods Three and Two, respectively. Pronation range for Method One was less than for the two other methods. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from .81 to .97 for three trials within the test session and from .86 to .96 between the test and a 1-hr. retest session for both actions using all three methods. Method One was the most reliable but appeared invalid for measuring supination because of movements of the 4th and 5th metacarpal bones. Methods Two and Three appeared appropriate for clinical application but not interchangeable.
Aging alters dendritic morphology, input resistance, and inhibitory signaling in dentate granule cells of the rhesus monkey.

The neural substrates of age-related hippocampal dysfunction in primates are poorly understood. This issue was addressed with combined intracellular biocytin filling and whole-cell patch clamp recordings of intrinsic membrane properties and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in dentate granule cells in in vitro slices prepared from behaviorally characterized young ( 24 years old) rhesus monkeys. Six of nine aged monkeys were significantly impaired in performance on the hippocampally mediated delayed nonmatch to sample (DNMS) task at a 2-minute delay. Morphometric analyses showed that cells from aged monkeys had significantly reduced vertical dendritic extents and distal dendritic branching but increased proximal dendritic branching. Intrinsic membrane and action potential properties did not differ between cells from young and aged monkeys with the exception of a small but significant increase in input resistance with age. The frequency, amplitude, and rise time of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(A) receptor-mediated miniature IPSCs were not significantly different in cells from young vs. aged monkeys. However, the miniature IPSC decay time constant and the benzodiazepine potentiation of this decay time constant were both significantly increased in cells from aged monkeys. These differences in the properties of dentate granule cells correlated positively with age but not specifically with impairment on the DNMS 2-minute delay task. Nevertheless, these changes in dendritic morphology, input resistance, and inhibitory signaling properties may be part of a constellation of subtle functional changes contributing to age-associated cognitive impairment.
Assessing functional and aesthetics clothing needs of young male tennis players

Within the Functional, Expressive, Aesthetic (FEA) Consumer Needs Model, the purpose of this research was to investigate clothing needs of young male tennis players. Both functional aspects and aesthetic characteristics of tennis wear were assessed through selected movement analysis and survey. Data were collected from 74 tennis players enrolled at tennis clubs in northwestern United States. Participants reported fit problems of different garment features in each specific movement as well as preferences for their tennis wear. In addition, this research also investigated the relationship between satisfaction of functional aspect and aesthetic appearance. As a result, the satisfaction of functional components including fit and comfort has positively related to the satisfaction of aesthetic components by male tennis players. Based on the results obtained, both functional and aesthetic considerations need to be taken into account to develop tennis apparel that meets the needs of male tennis players.
Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus venom proteins: Analysis of their potential role and processing during development of host Trichoplusia ni

The venom that Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus injects into each parasitized Trichoplusia ni egg is entirely injected within the first 8 s of the 19-s oviposition period, before deposition of the parasitoid egg that is injected during the final 1-2 s of the oviposition. The parasitization factor, causing precocious metamorphosis of the host, is injected after the venom, but before the parasite egg. The venom by itself does not cause developmental redirection of the host. Chelonus venom proteins are very stable in the host egg during the first 2 days of egg development. Then, on the last day before hatching, they are rapidly degraded by the proteolytic enzymes appearing in 3-day-old T. ni eggs. Among those that degrade the venom proteins are serine-type proteinases, and at least one seems to be a trypsin-like enzyme.
Conservative Thought in Twentieth Century Latin America: The Ideas of Laureano Gomez

Laureano G\u00f3mez was president of Colombia in the early 1950s until overthrown by a military coup. He was also, for some fifty years, the leading exponent of Latin American conservatism, a political philosophy with roots in both nineteenth-century politics and religion. Focusing on G\u00f3mez, and other prominent conservative politicians, Henderson traces the evolution of Latin American conservatism and demonstrates the scope of its influence throughout the continent. While much has been written about particular Marxist movements and right-wing regimes in contemporary Latin America, little attention has been devoted, in recent years, to the more moderate political institutions and individuals which dominate twentieth-century Latin America. This first account of Latin American conservatism should be of interest to all students of the history and politics of the region.
Structural Elucidation of Fullerene Dimers by High-Resolution Ion Mobility Measurements and Trajectory Calculation Simulations

C120, C130, and C140 cluster anions and cations produced by laser desorption of fullerene films have been examined by high-resolution ion mobility measurements and trajectory calculation simulations. The results for anions and cations are similar. Two peaks are present in the measured drift time distributions. They are attributed to fullerene cage isomers and dimers. The fullerene peak is broad, indicating the presence of a range of fullerene cages with different shapes. The measured mobilities of the dimers are in good agreement with mobilities determined by trajectory calculations for the [2 + 2] cycloadduct geometries of (C60)2, C60·C70, and (C70)2. Comparison of the mobilities calculated for the dimer geometries by the commonly used hard-sphere projection approximation with those determined by trajectory calculations with a realistic potential shows that the projection approximation significantly underestimates the inverse mobilities. The deviations, which are large enough to assign the observed featu...
The three-dimensional graphic method for quantifying body position

The three-dimensional graphic method for quantifying body position is a series of observer procedures and computer programs designed to yield three-dimensional (height, width, and depth) coordinates for various body points. These coordinates can be graphed by computer in several different ways, and can be analyzed mathematically to provide information about a wide variety of variables, including interpersonal distance and body activity. The procedure for collecting and analyzing the data is explained and the computer programs developed for the method are described.
Voluntary Interim Disclosure by Early 20th Century NYSE Industrials

. This paper examines stock market behavior associated with interim earnings and marketing-production disclosures by NYSE industrial corporations during 1905–10. Mean stock price changes are examined to assess whether these firms were more likely to disclose favorable information. We also examine the magnitude of price changes and trading volume to provide evidence on the credibility of these disclosures as perceived by investors. The sample and time period we examine enable us to evaluate the stock market effects of interim disclosures in a discretionary disclosure environment. We find no evidence that these firms were more likely to selectively disclose favorable interim information based on contemporaneous stock price changes. Also, no significant differences are detected in the incidence of interim disclosure before dividend or annual earnings increases compared to dividend cuts/omissions or annual earnings declines. We also document increased trading volume in the announcement week and prior weeks, but significant price changes are restricted to the preannouncement period. These results are driven by firms that do not frequently disclose interim information, and these firms' disclosures are frequently accompanied by concurrent news items (in particular, new financings). Price and volume results are weakly sensitive to the exclusion of cases with concurrent news items. Collectively, our results suggest no systematic tendency to disclose favorable information and managerial disclosures were at least partially credible in the early 20th century disclosure environment. Resume. Les auteurs examinent la reaction du marche des valeurs mobilieres a la publication d'information periodique relative aux benefices ainsi qu'a la production et au marketing, par les societes industrielles dont les titres etaient inscrits a la Bourse de New York durant la periode 1905–1910 et s'interessent aux variations du cours moyen des titres, afin d'evaluer si ces societes etaient davantage enclines a publier de l'information favorable. Ils examinent egalement l'ampleur des variations du cours des titres et du volume des operations afin d'etablir comment les investisseurs percevaient la credibilite de l'information publiee. Les variations du cours des titres observees a l'epoque ne permettent pas de conclure que ces societes etaient davantage enclines a selectionner l'information periodique la plus favorable, et les auteurs ne detectent pas non plus de differences significatives dans les consequences de la publication d'information periodique prealablement a des hausses de dividendes ou de benefices annuels, par rapport a des reductions ou des omissions de dividendes ou des diminutions des benefices annuels. Dans l'ensemble, les resultats portent a croire qu'il n'y a pas de tendance systematique a la publication d'information favorable, et que l'information publiee par la direction est au moins en partie credible dans le contexte du debut du XXe siecle.
Relativism, Feminism, and Theology A Naturalist Response

This article argues that the normative issues that arise (a) from business operations in other cultures, (b) from the normative outcomes of early value inculcation by parents, and (c) from a quest for transcendent meaning within the workplace can be understood best when seen within a naturalist framework. Cultural relativist, feminist morality, and theological views can only be enriched, not diminished, by tracing their kinship with nature.
Early two-stage repair of clefts in holoprosencephaly.

Abstract Holoprosencephaly (HPE) presents with a spectrum of severity, but in its totality is the most common malformation of the embryonic forebrain occurring 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 20,000 live births. Due to the poor prognosis, treatment of mid-face clefts in HPE patients have classically been addressed in a delayed fashion after 1-year of age. Improvements in the ability to manage medical complications associated with HPE along with an increased understanding and lower mortality rates in less severe forms have challenged these previous practiced routines. Accompanied by advances in understanding of HPE and identification of genes responsible for sporadic forms, we are able to better guide timing of surgical intervention. We present a patient with lobar HPE and a type IV facial deformity treated with early repair of the median facial cleft. We believe this treatment strategy was safe, given her relatively good prognosis. We propose that patients with HPE displaying less severe neural non-cleavage may be good candidates for earlier two-stage intervention. Summary The historically poor prognosis of patients with holoprosencephaly (HPE) has led to midline facial clefts have being addressed in a delayed fashion after 1-year of age. Improvements in the ability to manage medical complications associated with HPE and lower mortality rates in less severe forms have challenged these previous practiced routines. Additionally, the identification of genes responsible for sporadic forms of HPE can better guide timing of surgical intervention and improve developmental outcomes. We present a patient with lobar HPE and a type IV facial deformity treated with an early two-stage repair of the median facial cleft. We propose patients with HPE displaying less severe neural non-cleavage may be good candidates for earlier intervention.
Heating up a cold subject: prospects for under-ice plankton research in lakes

Long-term patterns and drivers of ecosystem structure may be misunderstood if knowledge of an ecosystem is derivedprimarily from a single season, a situation common in many temperate lakes where the role of winter has been lessstudied. In lakes, avoidance of winter research has been especially pronounced for those that experience winter ice,but critical ecological processes can take place under ice. Even when obscured bysnow, ice transmitting as little as 2%incident light can allow relatively high rates of photosynthesis, and winter trophic interactions may have year-roundrepercussions. Here, we offer a suite of research questions that require attention, in order to build a mature under-standing of seasonal plankton dynamics in lakes. Speciﬁcally, we ask freshwater ecologists to consider the extent towhich abundance and nutrition of winter primary productivity supports consumers under the ice, reorganizes foodwebs,and how long the effects of winter trophic dynamics extend throughout theyear. In addition, we recognize somecritical gaps in knowledge about physical and biogeochemical conditions at the time of ice-off. Worldwide shorteningin ice duration lends imperative to under-ice studies, in order to more fully understand changes in ecosystem structureand function that mayalready be underway.KEYWORDS: winter; ice; plankton; trophic interactions; nutritional quality; state transitions
Compartmentalizing Proximal FGFR1 Signaling in Ovine Placental Artery Endothelial Cell Caveolae

Caveolae orchestrate the dominant placental angiogenic growth factor fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) signaling primarily via FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) in placental artery endothelial cells; however, how the proximal FGF2/FGFR1 signaling is organized in the caveolae is obscure. We have shown in the present study that the FGFR substrate 2alpha (FRS2alpha) is physically associated with FGFR1, and both are targeted to the caveolae via interaction with caveolin-1 in ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial cells. Treatment with FGF2 rapidly stimulated time- and concentration-dependent FRS2alpha tyrosine phosphorylation and recruited the cytosolic growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2)-GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (GAB1) complex to the caveolae, where they formed a ternary complex with FRS2alpha. Disruption of caveolae by cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin inhibited FGF2-induced FRS2alpha tyrosine phosphorylation, and it blocked the FGF2-induced recruitment of GRB2 and GAB1 to the caveolae and formation of the FRS2alpha-GRB2-GAB1 complex in the caveolae, as well as activation of the PI3K/AKT1 and MAPK1/2 pathways. Thus, these findings have demonstrated that the proximal fibroblast growth factor (FGF2/FGFR1) signaling is compartmentalized in the placental endothelial caveolae via the FGFR substrate 2α that mediates formation of a FRS2α-GRB2-GAB1 complex.
Venous Thromboembolism and Cancer

Case Presentation 1: A 64-year-old man with prostate cancer who recently underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy presented to the emergency department with sudden-onset exertional dyspnea and chest heaviness. On physical examination, he was tachycardic with a heart rate of 110 beats per minute, normotensive with a blood pressure of 100/76 mm Hg, and hypoxemic with an oxygen saturation of 88% on room air. Left lower extremity edema and calf tenderness were noted. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography demonstrated bilateral segmental pulmonary embolism (PE) without right ventricular enlargement. A left lower extremity venous ultrasound documented left femoral, popliteal, and calf deep vein thrombosis. Case Presentation 2: A 70-year-old woman with renal cell carcinoma underwent resection of a solitary right upper lobe metastatic pulmonary nodule and was referred to the Vascular Medicine clinic after surveillance chest computed tomography performed 1-month postoperatively demonstrated a right lobar PE. She noted fatigue since her surgery but denied any dyspnea or chest discomfort. On physical examination, her heart rate was 82 beats per minute, blood pressure was 102/66 mm Hg, and oxygenation was 96% on room air. Cardiac and pulmonary examinations were unremarkable. Although the association between cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE) was first noted in 1823 by Bouillard, Trousseau provided the most detailed early description in 1865. VTE is now recognized as a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. Increasing life expectancy attributable to advances in cancer therapy and greater use of imaging for cancer surveillance have contributed to the growing incidence of VTE in patients with malignancy. The rate of symptomatic VTE in patients with cancer who have been hospitalized approaches 5%.1 VTE, especially when unprovoked, may herald an impending diagnosis of cancer in a subset of patients without known malignancy. Although the frequency of VTE is considered highest among patients with solid …
Fracture behavior and microstructural characteristics of irradiated Zircaloy cladding

Zircaloy cladding tube specimens from commercial power reactor fuel assemblies (burnup >22 MWd/kgU) have been deformed to fracture at 325/sup 0/C by either the internal gas-pressurization or the expanding-mandrel technique in a helium or argon environment containing no fission product species (e.g., I, Cs, or Cd). The fracture surfaces of 11 irradiated specimens fractured by internal gas pressurization were examined by scanning electron microscopy, and 7 specimens were found to contain various degrees of the pseudocleavage feature that is characteristic of pellet-cladding interaction failures. Out of 10 test specimens fractured by expanding-mandrel loading, 5 were found to contain regions of pseudocleavage on the fracture surfaces. The specimens exhibited ''X-marks'' on the outer surface and brittle incipient cracks distributed on the inner surface, which are also characteristic of pellet-cladding interaction failures.