cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of Plasma Discharge Arrays to High-Speed Flow Control

Surface DC plasma discharges were created in the boundary layer of a plate in a Mach 5 flow. The electrodes consisted of three circular cathodes and three pin anodes arranged to create transverse discharges. The cathodes were arranged linearly along the centerline of the plate, with the anodes displaced laterally. The cathodes and anodes were each held at common voltages. The discharge was run in two configurations, one with a single cathodeanode pair lit, and one in which all three cathode-anode pairs were lit. The discharge from these electrode configurations and its effect on the flow were strikingly different from the streamwise discharge created by linear electrodes. Flow modification from the circular electrode discharges was confined primarily to the boundary layer. The circular electrode discharges act similarly to crossflow jets or bumps , creating a weak wave structure with a pronounced vortex in the boundary layer downstream of the cathode. In contrast to the linear electrode discharges, surface static pressures and the inviscid flow above the boundary layer were largely unaffected by the circular electrode discharge. Substantial boundary layer distortion from the circular electrodes occurred at powers as low as 15 Watts. The circular cathode arrays have potential applications as high -bandwidth vortex generators.
Management introduction of pest prevention and control institutions in the service

That pest biocontrol performed by Pest Control Operation( PCO) organizations has been a part of municipal public health system. However,as a new industry in china,there are some questions in the development of PCO,such as how to manage the PCO organizations in order to obtain more economic and more efficient control efficacy.Here,being the third-party,we summarize the supervisory practice in recent years,including the managing contents performed by PCO organizations during before,among and after the pest biocontrol.
ANALYSIS OF QUALITY FOR GH4145/SQ BOLTSTEEL IN ONE POWER PLANT

Directing against the problem of higher hardness of GH 4145/SQ bolt steel discovered at time of A-grade major repair for steam turbine no.2 in one power plant,tests have been carried out for one bolt of medium pressure governing valve,one bolt of medium pressure main steam valve,and one stock bolt of medium pressure main steam valve.Results show the higher hardness of each bolt,the lower impact ductility of it.At the same time,the influence of problems existing in metallurgical organization upon the mechanical performance has been pointed out.It is recommended that the users should strengthen supervision,so as to ensure the safety of bolts in operation.
Neurogenic stuttering: further corroboration of site of lesion

Cases of neurogenic stuttering have been reported in the literature throughout the past century. Site(s) of lesion(s) have been documented usually by association of symptoms, EEG studies and occasionally by computed tomography (CT). The authors present three cases in which the site(s) of lesion(s) are documented by CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and SPECT. This study supports previous findings of neurogenic stuttering following either bilateral diffuse lesions or a unilateral lesion. In at least one case, the actual site of the lesion would have been missed without the use of SPECT testing. EEG studies were not helpful in identifying the site of the lesion.
The predictive validity of kindergarten readiness judgments: Lessons from one state

ABSTRACTRecent federal investments in early childhood assessment systems are the result of a national need for developmentally appropriate, psychometrically sound instruments to monitor young children and evaluate the effectiveness of their learning programs. In this paper, we examined the association between teachers’ perceptions of their students at the start of kindergarten and academic achievement in Grade 3 with hierarchical linear modeling using state-level data from nearly 30,000 students. The analyses showed that such an association exists even after accounting for student-level and school-level demographic variables and is moderated by the percentage of free-lunch-eligible students in a given school. Implications of these findings related screening and assessment at kindergarten entry are discussed.
Determinants of Nitric Oxide Chemistry. Impact of Cell Signaling Processes.

Publisher Summary Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as one of the most diverse and important ubiquitous biological mediators. It plays a functional role in processes ranging from neurological function and vascular tonicity to pathogen eradication. It is a signaling mediator with diverse as well as opposing biological activities. The complexity of the NO response reflects the variety of its chemical reactions and biological properties. Steady-state NO concentration is a key determinant of its biological outcome as precise cellular responses are differentially regulated by specific NO concentrations. In general, lower NO concentrations promote cell survival and proliferation, while higher levels favor cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and/or senescence. Free radical interactions also influence NO signaling by reducing NO bioavailability. Reactive nitrogen species generated during these processes also have biological effects by increasing oxidative and nitrosative stress responses. Moreover, a number of factors influence NO formation and concentration, including diffusion, consumption, and substrate availability, which are referred to as kinetic determinants for molecular target interactions. Kinetic determinants are the chemical and biochemical parameters that shape cellular responses to NO. This chapter discusses these chemical interactions and their influence on NO signaling and cellular response. It also discusses the involvement of kinetic determinants as they relate to the direct and indirect effects of NO responses during normal physiology and disease processes. Rates of NO formation, diffusion and consumption, radical/target interactions, and O 2 concentration all contribute to cellular and tissue-specific responses to NO. NO concentration drives its chemistry (direct vs indirect effects), diffusion distance, and the specific targets that it interacts with.
Ewing tumors of the chest wall: Local control and long-term outcomes

e21501 Background: Primary sarcomas of the lungs and mediastinum are rare and few data are reported on treatment and results of therapy. Methods: We reviewed our experience from 1980 and 2008 including 31 patients (pts). Pts characteristics: median age 41 (19–80 y), male/female 19/12; symptoms at diagnosis: dyspnoea (42%), chest and shoulder pain (39%), cough (35%), hemophtoae (13%), discomfort (10%). 4 pts had a previous history of mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's linfomas. 5 mediastinal tumours were located as follows: 2 in anterior part, 1 in posterior and 2 in the middle (sarcomas of the heart). 26 lung sarcomas presented as a singular mass in 23 cases and as a metastatic disease in 3. Results: In 20/31 cases the tumour was immediately resected (3 mediastinal masses and 17 lung sarcomas). In 8/31 cases only biopsy was possible. FNA was done in 25 pts. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was performed in 4 cases (3 resected). Resection was complete in 11/23 cases and in 12/23 incomplete. The ...
Anchoring groups for photocatalytic water oxidation on metal oxide surfaces

Surface anchoring groups are needed to attach molecular units to photoanodes for photocatalytic water oxidation. The anchoring group must be hydrolytically stable and oxidation resistant under a variety of pH conditions. They must sometimes be electrically conducting for efficient light-induced electron injection from a photosensitizer to a metal oxide, but other times not conducting for accumulation of oxidizing equivalents on a water-oxidation catalyst. Commonly used anchors such as carboxylic acids and phosphonic acids have limited stability in aqueous environments, leading to surface hydrolysis and loss of catalytic function. More hydrolytically stable anchors, such as silatranes and hydroxamic acids, which are oxidation resistant and stable under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions, are more suitable for photoanode applications. Hydroxamic acids can be incorporated into dye molecules to give high electron injection efficiency due to their electrical conductivity and strong electronic coupling to the metal oxide surface. In contrast, silatranes, once bound as siloxanes, have diminished electronic coupling making them useful as catalyst anchors.
Bioinspired magnetic reception and multimodal sensing

Several animals use Earth's magnetic field in concert with other sensor modes to accomplish navigational tasks ranging from local homing to continental scale migration. However, despite extensive research, animal magnetic reception remains poorly understood. Similarly, the Earth's magnetic field offers a signal that engineered systems can leverage to navigate in environments where man-made positioning systems such as GPS are either unavailable or unreliable. This work uses a behavioral strategy inspired by the migratory behavior of sea turtles to locate a magnetic goal and respond to wind when it is present. Sensing is performed using a number of distributed sensors. Based on existing theoretical biology considerations, data processing is performed using combinations of circles and ellipses to exploit the distributed sensing paradigm. Agent-based simulation results indicate that this approach is capable of using two separate magnetic properties to locate a goal from a variety of initial conditions in both noiseless and noisy sensory environments. The system's ability to locate the goal appears robust to noise at the cost of overall path length.
Relation of Telemetry Use and Mortality Risk, Hospital Length of Stay, and Readmission Rates in Patients With Respiratory Illness

The 2004 American Heart Association expert opinion-based guidelines restrict telemetry use primarily to patients with current or high-risk cardiac conditions. Respiratory infections have emerged as a common source of hospitalization, and telemetry is frequently applied without indication in efforts to monitor patient decompensation. In this retrospective study, we aimed to determine whether telemetry impacts mortality risk, length of stay (LOS), or readmission rates in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory infection not meeting American Heart Association criteria. A total of 765 respiratory infection patient encounters with Diagnosis-Related Groups 193, 194, 195, 177, 178 and 179 admitted in 2013 to 2015 to 2 tertiary community-based medical centers (Mayo Clinic, Arizona, and Mayo Clinic, Florida) were evaluated, and outcomes between patients who underwent or did not undergo telemetry were compared. Overall, the median LOS was longer in patients who underwent telemetry (3.0 days vs 2.0 days, p
Effect of patient weight on first pass success and neuromuscular blocking agent dosing for rapid sequence intubation in the emergency department

Objectives The primary objective of this study was to determine the association between patient weight and first pass success (FPS) during rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the ED. The secondary objective was to evaluate the association between patient weight and neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) dosing. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary care academic ED. Consecutive adult patients who underwent RSI in the ED between January 2014 and June 2016 were included. Data were collected on patient, operator and procedural characteristics. The cohort was categorised into the following weight strata: Results The sample included 891 patients. FPS for each weight category was as follows: Conclusions Very heavy patients (>120 kg) undergoing RSI in the ED had a reduced FPS, and succinylcholine was more commonly underdosed than rocuronium in the heavier weight group.
Mathematics, physics and philosophy in Riemann's work and beyond

This is the introduction I wrote for the multi-authored book "From Riemann to differential geometry and relativity", edited by L. Ji, A. Papadopoulos and S. Yamada (Berlin, Springer verlag, 2017). The book consists of twenty chapters, written by various authors. This introduction, besides giving the information on the content of the book, is a quick review of the topics on which Riemann worked and of the impact of this work on mathematics (topology, complex geometry, algebraic geometry, integration, trigonometric series, Riemannian geometry, etc.), philosophy and physics.
Validity of Secondary Retail Food Outlet Data A Systematic Review

Context Improving access to healthy foods is a promising strategy to prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases. To characterize retail food environments and identify areas with limited retail access, researchers, government programs, and community advocates have primarily used secondary retail food outlet data sources (e.g., InfoUSA or government food registries). To advance the state of the science on measuring retail food environments, this systematic review examined the evidence for validity reported for secondary retail food outlet data sources for characterizing retail food environments. Evidence acquisition A literature search was conducted through December 31, 2012, to identify peer-reviewed published literature that compared secondary retail food outlet data sources to primary data sources (i.e., field observations) for accuracy of identifying the type and location of retail food outlets. Data were analyzed in 2013. Evidence synthesis Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence for validity reported varied by secondary data sources examined, primary data–gathering approaches, retail food outlets examined, and geographic and sociodemographic characteristics. More than half of the studies (53%) did not report evidence for validity by type of food outlet examined and by a particular secondary data source. Conclusions Researchers should strive to gather primary data but if relying on secondary data sources, InfoUSA and government food registries had higher levels of agreement than reported by other secondary data sources and may provide sufficient accuracy for exploring these associations in large study areas.
Systems analysis and design course: a project orientation

This paper describes a systems analysis and design course that requires students to engage in the analysis of a real-life business problem that motivates a computer information system solution, and then design such an information system. However, to facilitate what could be a major undertaking for any student, the students are engaged in a sequence of projects in which the real-life project is the final project. The sequence progresses in difficulty, allowing the students to accumulate the necessary experience and to learn the needed tools to complete the final real-life project.
CHAPTER 42 – Dendritic cell tolerogenicity and prospects for dendritic cell-based therapy of allograft rejection and autoimmune disease

The potent capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to activate immunologically naive (resting) T cells is related to their high constitutive expression of MHC class II and T-cell costimulatory molecules, such as CD40, CD80, CD86, and OX40L. Deficiency or absence of expression of these molecules reduces the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) function of DCs, and may render them potentially tolerogenic. Thus, DCs residing in peripheral nonlymphoid tissues express relatively low levels of co-stimulatory molecules, and are poor T-cell stimulators when freshly isolated. The active dimer of nuclear factor (NF)κB is a rapid response transcription factor that plays a central role in immunological processes by regulating genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. There is now considerable evidence that NFκB activation is responsible for DC maturation and activation. Thus, mature DCs express high levels of NFκB family proteins, whereas signaling by members of the TNFα R family, such as CD40 and RANK, results in activation of NFκB in DCs.
Transitioning from Education to Practice: Associate Degree Program, Senior Clinical at a Skilled Nursing Facility, a Pilot Program

Abstract Over the last 4 years, there has been a shift in where associated degree registered nurses (ADNs) are being employed. There has been an increase of ADN graduates employed at skilled nursing facilities on a local, regional, and national level in the United States. Graduate surveys from the last 4 years demonstrate that the number of our graduates working at the skilled/subacute nursing facilities had increased to 33%–37% from 10%–15% and had decreased at the acute care facilities to 18%–21% from 35%–40%. The faculty felt we needed to modify our clinical teaching to enhance the knowledge and preparation of the graduates. A pilot program was developed by the nursing faculty in collaboration with the nursing staff at a skilled/subacute nursing facility to help the graduates transition into these facilities. The pilot program utilized the Massachusetts Board of Higher Education core nursing competencies and the nursing process. The intent of the partnership program was to promote learning in an environment where graduates will seek future employment and provide safe and quality care to the residents.
Atopic Dermatitis: New Developments

Herein we review recent developments in our understanding and treatment of atopic dermatitis. Key insights from the recent literature are summarized, from findings on the pathogenesis of this multifactorial disease to a new and more nuanced understanding of its natural history. Therapeutic advances and new data on comorbidities are also discussed.
Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Patients on Left Ventricular Assist Devices and Inotropes at the Time Listing for Heart Transplant

Purpose Evaluate the prevalence, temporal trends and outcomes of patients with left ventricular assist devices and inotropes at the time of listing for heart transplantation. Methods Patients ≥ 18 years old with an LVAD implanted and listed with 1A status were identified in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) registry between Jan 2010 and Dec 2017, with follow-up through March 2018. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of inotropes at the time of listing. The primary outcomes were mortality on the waiting list or transplantation. Since the occurrence of one of the outcomes will prevent the other from manifesting, we accounted for this by use of competing risks regression. Variables that were adjusted for include age, gender, race, BMI, diabetes, prior cardiac surgery, dialysis-dependent, cerebrovascular disease and presence of an implanted defibrillator. Results A total of 2,714 patients were included in the study. The temporal trend of LVAD patients on inotropic therapy at the time of listing and at the time of transplant is shown in figure 1. Patients on inotropes are younger(49.8 (14.0) vs 52.5 (12.4) p Conclusion Approximately 1 in 5 patient on LVAD support is on inotropic therapy at the time of listing for heart transplantation. Patients on LVAD and inotropes have worse outcomes in term of survival and chances of being transplanted. The impact of the new allocation system in these patients remains to be seen.
From transdisciplinary projects to platforms: expanding capacity and impact of land systems knowledge and decision making

Land system science can inform decision making to address societally important issues, including food, energy, and water security, livelihoods and lifestyles, biodiversity loss, and climate change. There is growing experience among scientists and practitioners with land systems as a transdisciplinary science. Most often, this experience has accumulated through short-term projects. However, there is a need for durable, long-term land system science platforms to address diverse types of complex, wicked problems, from immediate crises and emergencies over days and weeks; to sudden events over months and years; to extensive, pervasive, and subtle changes occurring over decades. In this paper, we offer a strategic framing of the issues and features for transdisciplinary land system science platforms that can be adapted and applied to local conditions.
Binocular Problems in Bitemporal Hemianopsia

One of the prerequisites for comfortable binocular single vision (BSV) is the presence of normal overlapping visual fields. Any defect in the visual field of one or both eyes may interfere with BSV...
Etiology-Based Classification of Adjacent Segment Disease following Lumbar Spine Fusion:

BackgroundAdjacent segment disease (ASDz) is a potential complication following lumbar spinal fusion. A common nomenclature based on etiology and ASDz type does not exist and is needed to assist wi...
P669 Clinically isolated thiamine auxotrophs of neisseria gonorrhoeae indicate increased susceptibility to host innate defenses

Background Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an important metabolite that affects many metabolic pathways within the cell.) Thiamine (thi) auxotrophs of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) that could not grow without TPP or other thiamine derivatives were isolated from patients in the 1970’s, but the effect of thi auxotrophy on Gc pathogenesis is not known. We recently demonstrated that a genetically defined Gc mutant that cannot biosynthesize TPP is more susceptible to killing by neutrophils, cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, and attenuated for experimental infection of mice that have a neutrophil response to infection. Here we investigated the susceptibility of five recently isolated TPP auxotrophs to paraquat, an inducer of ROS and CAMPs as a first step towards understanding the consequence of thi auxotrophy during human infection. Methods Eighty-nine Gc isolates in the USUHS Gc Resistance and Reference Repository isolated between 2014 and 2017 were screened for the capacity to grow on medium without TPP. Auxotrophs were tested for susceptibility to paraquat and colistin (polymyxin E) using standard methods. Results Five thi auxotrophs were identified among the 89 isolates tested (5.6%). Four of the auxotrophs exhibited increased susceptibility to paraquat and colistin compared to a wild-type Gc strain. Auxotroph 4097, in contrast, showed a ∼2-fold greater resistance to 0.0195 mM of paraquat and colistin compared to a wild-type Gc strain, suggesting this isolate may carry a compensatory mutation(s). Conclusion We conclude that clinically isolated thi auxotrophs are more susceptible to ROS and CAMPS. We hypothesize that these isolates may have a lesser ability to withstand oxygen-dependent and independent effectors of the host inflammatory response and that selection for compensatory mutations during infection may be one mechanism by which thi auxotrophs remain in circulation. Analysis of WGS data is underway to identify the genetic basis of thi auxotrophy and possible compensatory mutations. Disclosure No significant relationships.t
MYC Expression has Limited Utility in the Distinction of Undifferentiated Radiation‐associated Sarcomas from Sporadic Sarcomas and Sarcomatoid Carcinoma

Aims MYC is a proto-oncogene that is frequently dysregulated in various malignancies, through translocation or amplification. Radiation-associated angiosarcoma frequently shows MYC amplification, and immunohistochemical expression has been shown to be a reliable surrogate marker for amplification, but less is known about MYC expression in other sarcoma types, despite reports of MYC amplification in some undifferentiated/unclassified radiation-associated sarcomas (RASs). Distinguishing putative RAS from non-radiation-associated sarcoma or sarcomatoid carcinoma can be difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential diagnostic utility of MYC in this context, by evaluating MYC expression in a cohort of RASs, non-radiation-associated sarcomas, and sarcomatoid carcinomas. Methods and results Three hundred and eighty-five neoplasms were evaluated, including 81 RASs (18 angiosarcomas; 57 undifferentiated sarcomas; three leiomyosarcomas; and three malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours), 267 non-radiation-associated sarcomas, and 37 sarcomatoid carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed with a monoclonal anti-MYC antibody. Staining in tumour cells was scored on the basis of extent (focal, 1-4%; multifocal, 5-49%; and diffuse, ≥50%) and intensity (strong, moderate, and weak). One hundred percent of radiation-associated angiosarcomas expressed MYC diffusely. Expression was infrequent among other types of RAS (9.5%), and the frequency was similar to that in non-radiation-associated sarcomas (9.7%). MYC expression was more common in sarcomatoid carcinomas, occurring in 43%. The extent and intensity of staining were variable in all groups. Conclusion MYC expression is infrequent among RASs other than angiosarcoma, and has a similar prevalence in sporadic sarcomas. Given the frequency of expression in sarcomatoid carcinomas, MYC expression outside the context of radiation-associated angiosarcoma is of limited diagnostic utility, and should be interpreted with caution after exclusion of sarcomatoid carcinoma where relevant.
“God Said, ‘You’re Hearing the Voice of the President’”: Citizenship in The Trump Prophecy

The film The Trump Prophecy, “based on a true story,” tells the story of a firefighter, Mark Taylor, who foresaw Donald Trump’s ascendancy to the Presidency in a vision from God. This vision led to...
Sternal Tumor Resection and Reconstruction Using Iliac Crest Autograft.

Primary malignant tumors of the sternum are rare among bone tumors. Even with radical resection, the survival rate for sternal tumors remains low. Resection often results in significant bone defects in the chest wall, and reconstruction must provide adequate protection for pulmonary and respiratory structures. Flexible materials have historically been used for sternal reconstructions following failed sternotomies in cardiac surgery. Although these have had some success, they fail to provide adequate support for patients undergoing reconstruction secondary to tumor resection, who are otherwise healthy and active. Although rigid materials offer greater protection, they frequently cause chronic pain and respiratory complications. More recently, bone grafts have been used to reconstruct sternal defects, and the limited published reports are promising. Methods We present the case of a patient diagnosed with an extramedullary solitary bone plasmacytoma who underwent a sternal resection and reconstruction with an autogenous bone graft taken from the iliac crest and secured in place with 5 plates (3 sternal and 2 mandibular). Results At 9-month follow-up, bone marrow biopsy showed no evidence of multiple myeloma. X-ray, computed tomography, and Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) scans confirmed graft stability, and the patient has returned to normal activities. Conclusions Sternal resection and reconstruction is an effective method for treating extramedullary solitary plasmacytoma when radiation is ineffective. In cases of significant segmental defects, iliac crest bone graft may be a viable option for repairing sternal defects following tumor resection.
Using the 2019 JBE conference and 2017 JIS themed issue as natural experiments to examine the role of editors as gatekeepers of the research literature in AIS and ethics

Abstract In April 2019, the Journal of Business Ethics (JBE) held a conference devoted to the “The Impact of Technology on Ethics, Professionalism and Judgement in Accounting”. This follows the summer 2017 Journal of Information Systems (JIS) themed issue on “Accounting Information Systems and Ethics” I treat this conference and the themed issue as two natural experiments into the evolution of the research literature on Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and ethics. I label this literature as “AIS-ethics”, which I describe as the intersection of the fields of accounting, ethics and information systems. The choice of papers for these two initiatives is amongst the best available metrics of both the latest research on AIS-ethics, and of the kind of research considered desirable by editors/gatekeepers. In particular, I analyze whether these editors/gatekeepers desire papers that fit unambiguously into AIS-ethics, or whether they are willing to accept papers with a more tenuous connection in order to encourage broader participation by researchers. I find that of nine papers selected for special issues or conferences in AIS-ethics over the last three years, only three clearly fall into this domain, suggesting that achieving a critical mass of papers is prioritized over specialization at this stage in the development of a research literature into AIS and ethics.
Workshop on internet economics (WIE2011) report

The second Workshop on Internet Economics [2], hosted by CAIDA and Georgia Institute of Technology on December 1-2, 2011, brought together network technology and policy researchers with providers of commercial Internet facilities and services (network operators) to further explore the common objective of framing an agenda for the emerging but empirically stunted field of Internet infrastructure economics. This report describes the workshop discussions and presents relevant open research questions identified by its participants.
Treating Pediatric Generalized Anxiety Disorder with Mindfulness: A Case Series

Mindfulness interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of anxiety for both adolescent and adult populations. However, little research has investigated and tested the use of mind...
Methodology of Persuasion: A Process-Based Approach to Persuasive Writing

Persuasive writing is an important and fundamental lawyering skill. It is included in most first-year writing programs, and there is a substantial body of scholarship devoted to the subject. Despite our collective experience, however, persuasive writing remains a challenge to teach. The piece presents a process for creating and drafting persuasive arguments and statement of fact sections. The method is intended to break down the mystery of persuasive writing and to provide students concrete steps to follow.
Role of lac Genes in Induction of β-Galactosidase Synthesis by Galactose

Strain BL1003, a lacO mutant, synthesizes beta-galactosidase constitutively at a low rate. The enzyme is further inducible by d-galactose to the same differential rate as is seen in the presence of an optimal concentration of thiomethylgalactoside. lacY Mutants derived from strain BL1003 are not inducible by galactose, although they synthesize beta-galactosidase at the low constitutive rate characteristic of the parent. Galactose is a weak inducer of beta-galactosidase synthesis in wild-type Escherichia coli K-12, but it is more effective when the wild type has been preinduced with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside. Nevertheless, the rise in the differential rate of synthesis in response to galactose in a preinduced wild-type culture is much lower than in strain BL1003. Thus, two factors are involved in the induction of strain BL1003 by galactose: the mutant operator and the constitutive permease. The operator has an altered sensitivity to the i product-galactose complex. The low constitutive level of permease enabled the cells, at the high concentrations of galactose used (5 x 10(-2)m), to maintain a sufficient internal concentration for further induction.
Abductive Workflow Mining

We define a new approach to discovering important workflows from event logs, referred to as abductive workflow mining, as the process of determining activity that would necessarily imply that certain predetermined critical activity should necessarily take place. Whenever critical activity is observed, one can inspect the abductive workflow to ascertain whether there was sufficient reason for the critical activity to occur. Initial theory surrounding the concept of abductive workflow is defined, and an initial method for discovering abductive workflows is presented. Preliminary experiments show that relatively small and concise abductive workflow models can be constructed, in comparison with constructing a complete model for the entire log.
Using analytics to identify economic patterns: an empirical study on using business analytics to identify and measure economic patterns with small business enterprises

The issues of small business enterprises (SME) are multifaceted. Issues such as competition, market saturation, government regulation, overhead costs and customer turnover have an effect on the profitability of SMEs. This is also the case with minority businesses enterprises (MBE), they have market behavioral characteristics that are unique to them. This paper examines the use of analytics to assess economic patterns with minority business enterprises. The study was conducted on 139 MBEs across 11 industries. The MBEs were categorized into four general industry/market sectors. The MBE owners completed a 32-item questionnaire based on key business analytics and metrics that affect profitability. An exploratory factor analysis was used for the study. In addition, a factorial MANOVA was used to measure the analytics and firm economic behavior patterns. The results of the study indicated there were eight diverse analytic patterns critical to MBE profitability and market behavioral characteristics: (a) Government Regulation/Market; (b) Inflation/Globalization; (c) Business Security; (d) Competition/Market; (e) Capital/Social; (f) Business Intellectual Capital; (g) Profitability/Customer Activity; and (h) Business Climate/Labor Costs.
Evolving Behaviors for Cooperating Agents

A good deal of progress has been made in the past few years in the design and implementation of control programs for autonomous agents. A natural extension of this work is to consider solving difficult tasks with teams of cooperating agents. Our interest in this area is motivated in part by our involvement in a Navy-sponsored micro air vehicle (MAV) project in which the goal is to solve difficult surveillance tasks using a large team of small inexpensive autonomous air vehicles rather than a few expensive piloted vehicles. Our approach to developing control programs for these MAVs is to use evolutionary computation techniques to evolve behavioral rule sets. In this paper we describe our architecture for achieving this, and we present some of our initial results.
The Silent Assassin (LB93)

According to World Health Organization statistics, the common cold is the most prevalent known disease of humans. The majority of colds are caused by the human rhinovirus--an enterovirus geneticall...
Protein Production and Secretion in Exocrine Cells

Acinar cells of exocrine glands are highly specialized for producing, storing, and discharging secretory proteins for use on surfaces that represent interfaces between the organism and the surrounding environment. These functions are achieved through the secretory pathway that includes a series of functionally distinct intracellular compartments — the endoplasmic reticulum, subcompartments of the Golgi complex, and the secretion granule in which exportable macromolecules are stored at high concentrations. Most secretion occurs by granule exocytosis in response to external hormonal or neural stimuli. Although these processes have been traced in a variety of morphological and biochemical studies, very Utile is known about the mechanisms involved in facilitating and maintaining secretory storage, orchestrating discharge at the apical cell surface, and in ensuring conservation and re-internalization of the granule membrane. Recent studies initiated on cell fractions obtained from the rat parotid gland have pr...
Making kids count.

Using data from the 1988 KIDS COUNT Data Book, compiled and published by The Annie E. Casey Foundation, the most recent state figures (1995) are compared with corresponding data from 1985 to assess the trends in child well-being in each state during the decade. The 10 key indicators used are taken from governmental data sources and reflect the best data available for each of the measures. Between 1985 and 1995, child well-being worsened across the country in five of the indicators, i.e., percent of low birthweight babies; rate of teen deaths by accident, homicide and suicide; teen birth rate; Juvenile Violent Crime Arrest Rate; and percent of families with children headed by a single parent. Areas of improvement include: infant mortality; child death rate; percent of teens who are high school dropouts; and percent of teens not attending school and/or not working. There was no change between 1985 and 1995 in the percent of children living in poverty. When the states are ranked by a composite of the 10 indicators of childhood well-being, a cluster of states in the South and Southwest are at or near the bottom of the rankings while the New England states and those in the upper plains are typically near the top. The states near the top have higher incomes and lower poverty rates than those near the bottom. Language: en
Temporary assignments with NOAA

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is seeking applicants for a sabbatical leave or Intergovermental Personnel Act appointment from among researchers in meteorology, engineering, computer science, or sociology. This appointment is for NOAA's Prototype Regional Observing and Forecasting Service (PROFS), a program designed to bring the latest technology, including remote sensing and computer communications, to bear on local weather forecasting.
Candidate gene-environment interaction research: reflections and recommendations.

Studying how genetic predispositions come together with environmental factors to contribute to complex behavioral outcomes has great potential for advancing our understanding of the development of psychopathology. It represents a clear theoretical advance over studying these factors in isolation. However, research at the intersection of multiple fields creates many challenges. We review several reasons why the rapidly expanding candidate gene-environment interaction (cGxE) literature should be considered with a degree of caution. We discuss lessons learned about candidate gene main effects from the evolving genetics literature and how these inform the study of cGxE. We review the importance of the measurement of the gene and environment of interest in cGxE studies. We discuss statistical concerns with modeling cGxE that are frequently overlooked. And we review other challenges that have likely contributed to the cGxE literature being difficult to interpret, including low power and publication bias. Many of these issues are similar to other concerns about research integrity (e.g., high false positive rates) that have received increasing attention in the social sciences. We provide recommendations for rigorous research practices for cGxE studies that we believe will advance its potential to contribute more robustly to the understanding of complex behavioral phenotypes.
Synthesis of a COMC–estradiol conjugate for targeted, tissue-selective cancer chemotherapy

Guided by a revised mechanism of action for the antitumor agent 2-crotonyloxymethyl-(4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-cyclohexenone (COTC) recently advanced by our laboratory, an estradiol conjugate of the bioactive COTC analog, COMC, has been synthesized.
Deletion mapping of Sindbis virus DI RNAs derived from cDNAs defines the sequences essential for replication and packaging

Defective-interfering (DI) genomes of a virus contain sequence information essential for their replication and packaging. They need not contain any coding information and therefore are a valuable tool for identifying cis-acting, regulatory sequences in a viral genome. To identify these sequences in a DI genome of Sindbis virus, we cloned a cDNA copy of a complete DI genome directly downstream of the promoter for the SP6 bacteriophage DNA dependent RNA polymerase. The cDNA was transcribed into RNA, which was transfected into chicken embryo fibroblasts in the presence of helper Sindbis virus. After one to two passages the DI RNA became the major viral RNA species in infected cells. Data from a series of deletions covering the entire DI genome show that only sequences in the 162 nucleotide region at the 5' terminus and in the 19 nucleotide region at the 3' terminus are specifically required for replication and packaging of these genomes.
Background corrections for laser-induced-fluorescence measurements of nitric oxide in lean, high-pressure, premixed methane flames

An experimental technique is presented that both minimizes and accounts for the interference background when laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) measurements are made of NO in lean, high-pressure, premixed, CH4/O2/N2 flames. Measurement interferences such as fluorescence and Raman scattering from secondary species become increasingly important for high-pressure LIF studies. O2 fluorescence interferences are particularly troublesome in lean premixed flames. An excitation–detection scheme that minimizes the effects of these interferences is identified. A procedure that corrects the resulting LIF signal so as to account for any remaining interference signal is then developed. This correction is found to vary from less than 10% of the overall NO signal at atmospheric pressure to over 40% of the overall signal at 14.6 atm for LIF measurements of NO in a series of worst-case flames (ϕ = 0.6, dilution ratio 2.2). The correction technique is further demonstrated to be portable over a useful range of flame conditions at each pressure.
Alfvén Waves in Bismuth: Charge-Carrier Mass Densities and Relaxation Times

Alfv\'en waves in bismuth have been studied in the frequency range 300 to 2000 Mc/sec, for propagation along the magnetic field. All the measurements were done on the same single crystal, and it was found that at the higher frequencies the real part of the dielectric constant is greater than the imaginary and that at lower frequencies the reverse is the case. This frequency dependence had a marked effect on the real part of the refractive index of the medium, which allowed one to measure, in addition to the usual charge-carrier mass density, some mean relaxation time of the charge carriers. The mass densities are in reasonable agreement with theory when the effective masses of the holes and electrons for bismuth from some previous experimental results are used, though there are some inconsistencies, which are discussed. A detailed analysis of the relaxation times proved impractical, but the magnitudes of the values agree well with other experimental results. The effect of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations on the transmission was also studied.
Hemispherical total emissivity of Hastelloy N with different surface conditions

Abstract The hemispherical total emissivity of Hastelloy N (a candidate structural material for Next Generation Nuclear Plants (NGNPs), particularly for the molten fluoride cooled reactors) was measured using an experimental set-up that was constructed in accordance with the standard ASTM C835-06. The material surface conditions included: (i) ‘as received’ (original) sample from the supplier; (ii) samples with increased surface roughness through sand blasting; (iii) oxidized surface, and (iv) samples coated with graphite powder. The emissivity of the as received samples varied from around 0.22 to 0.28 in the temperature range of 473 K to 1498 K. The emissivity increased when the roughness of the surface increased compared to an as received sample. When Hastelloy N was oxidized in air at 1153 K or coated with graphite powder, its emissivity increased substantially. The sample sand blasted with 60 grit beads and sprinkled with graphite powder showed an increase of emissivity from 0.2 to 0.60 at 473 K and from 0.25 to 0.67 at 1473 K. The oxidized surface showed a similar behavior: an increase in emissivity compared to an unoxidized sample. This increase in emissivity has strong favorable safety implications in terms of decay heat removal in post-accident environments. The data were compared with another Hastelloy family member, Hastelloy X.
Stalled Spliceosomes Are a Signal for RNAi-Mediated Genome Defense

Using the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, we describe a mechanism by which transposons are initially targeted for RNAi-mediated genome defense. We show that intron-containing mRNA precursors template siRNA synthesis. We identify a Spliceosome-Coupled And Nuclear RNAi (SCANR) complex required for siRNA synthesis and demonstrate that it physically associates with the spliceosome. We find that RNAi target transcripts are distinguished by suboptimal introns and abnormally high occupancy on spliceosomes. Functional investigations demonstrate that the stalling of mRNA precursors on spliceosomes is required for siRNA accumulation. Lariat debranching enzyme is also necessary for siRNA production, suggesting a requirement for processing of stalled splicing intermediates. We propose that recognition of mRNA precursors by the SCANR complex is in kinetic competition with splicing, thereby promoting siRNA production from transposon transcripts stalled on spliceosomes. Disparity in the strength of expression signals encoded by transposons versus host genes offers an avenue for the evolution of genome defense.
ANNIHILATION OF ANTIPROTONS IN HYDROGEN AT REST. II. ANALYSIS OF THE ANNIHILATION INTO THREE PIONS

Analysis of 823 events attributed to the reaction $\overline{p}+p(\mathrm{at}\mathrm{rest})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}$ yields the following results: (a) The channel accounts for 7.8% of the annihilations; (b) 0.55\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 of the channel proceeds via $\ensuremath{\rho}$ production, and the capture to $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\pi}$ is from the $^{3}S_{1}$ state; and (c) 0.45\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 of the channel is nonresonant and this nonresonant production is from the $^{1}S_{0}$ state.
Breaking the silence: three bHLH proteins direct cell-fate decisions during stomatal development

Stomata are microscopic pores on the surface of land plants used for gas and water vapor exchange. A pair of highly specialized guard cells surround the pore and adjust pore size. Studies in Arabidopsis have revealed that cell-cell communication is essential to coordinate the asymmetric cell divisions required for proper stomatal patterning. Initial research in this area identified signaling molecules that negatively regulate stomatal differentiation. However, genes promoting cell-fate transition leading to mature guard cells remained elusive. Now, three closely related basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins, SPEECHLESS, MUTE and FAMA have been identified as positive regulators that direct three consecutive cell-fate decisions during stomatal development. The identification of these genes opens a new direction to investigate the evolution of stomatal development and the conserved functions of bHLH proteins in cell type differentiation adopted by plants and animals.
Tax Incidence With Variable Labor Supply

Using a dynamic optimization model in which the rate of time preference is endogenously determined by a household's aggregate utility, it is demonstrated that variability in labor supply has a significant effect on the long-run incidence of a capital income tax. It is demonstrated that if there is a marginal increase in the capital income tax rate, the tax burden is shared in some proportion by both capital and labor, with capital's share of the tax burden increasing with increasing elasticity of labor supply. This is in contrast with earlier results that showed that the elasticity of labor supply has no effect on the long-run incidence of a factor tax.
An alaryngeal stutterer: A case history

Abstract This case study describes an individual who as a stutterer underwent a total laryngectomy and right hemithyroidectomy. Following the Doehler method of esophageal voice training, the client continued to exhibit dysfluent speech behaviors. The Iowa “Stutterer's Self-Rating of Reactions to Speech Situations” and the “Checklist of Stuttering Behaviors” were used to ascertain whether the stuttering behaviors had changed and to what degree.
The elections of 1994 in Sri Lanka: Background and analysis

(1995). The elections of 1994 in Sri Lanka: Background and analysis. The Round Table: Vol. 84, No. 334, pp. 207-217.