cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formation of planar-chiral alkylphosphine- and aniline-substituted cyclopentadienyl metal complexes and their reactivity toward electrophiles

Abstract A wide range of transition metal complexes containing aniline- and alkylphosphine-substituted cyclopentadienyl ligands have been synthesized: Cp P Ir(CH 3 ) 2 ( 5 ), Cp P Ir(H)(Li) ( 11a , b ), Cp P Ir(H)(Sn(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ) ( 13a , b ) (Cp P =1-(2-dimethylphosphino-1,1-dimethylethyl)-3- tert -butylcyclopentadienyl), Cp N Ir(C 2 H 4 ) 2 ( 7 ), Cp N IrI 2 ( 8 ), Cp N Ir(O 3 SCF 3 ) 2 ( 9 ), Cp N (P(CH 3 ) 3 )IrI 2 ( 10 ), Cp N (P(CH 3 ) 3 )IrH 2 ( 2 ), Cp N (P(CH 3 ) 3 )Ir(H)(Li) ( 15a , b ), Cp N (P(CH 3 ) 3 )Ir(H)(Sn(C 6 H 5 ) ( 16a , b ) (Cp N =1-(2-dimethylamino)phenyl-3- tert -butylcyclopentadienyl), Cp P ZrCl 3 ( 18 ), Cp P Zr(CH 2 Ph) 3 ( 23 ), Cp P Zr(CH 2 Ph) 2 Cl ( 20 ), [(Cp P )TiCl 3 ] 2 ( 22 ), Cp N Cp′ZrCl 2 (Cp′=Cp ( 23 ), Cp* ( 24 )), and Cp P Cp′ZrCl 2 (Cp′=Cp ( 25 ), Cp* ( 26 ). The presence of the planar-chiral Cp P and Cp N ligands dramatically changes the reactivity at the metal center in comparison to that of the analogous unchelated and achiral pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) complexes. Lithium salts 11 and 15 were obtained by deprotonation of dihydride 2 and the earlier prepared dihydride Cp P IrH 2 ( 1 ) with tert -butyllithium; these reactive species show diastereoselectivity in their reactions with Ph 3 SnCl to form 13a , b and 16a , b , respectively. One enantiomer of diiodide 3 was found to react selectively with ( R )-binaphthol to form ( R , R )-CpPIr(binaphtholate) ( 17a ) leaving ( S )- 3 unreacted. Attempts to separate the enantiomers of 3 and 17a were unsuccessful, however, due to the lack of difference in their solubility. DFT calculations carried out on the two possible diastereomers 17a and 17b correctly predict the exclusive formation of 17a . The zirconium and titanium complexes catalyze the polymerization of ethylene to polyethylene and propylene to isotactic polypropylene in the presence of MAO co-catalyst. Compounds 24 and 26 can be methylated to form Cp′Cp*Zr(CH 3 ) 2 (Cp′=Cp N ( 27 ), Cp P ( 28 )).
SBS Pulse Distortion In Multimode Optical Fibers: Preliminary Results

We have observed severe temporal-pulse-shape distortion due to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in multimode optical fibers used to diagnose 351 nm laser pulses on the Nova laser system. Our measurements can be fit by a basic model of SBS and provide a clear indication of the intensity and temporal regimes where significant SBS-induced temporal-pulse-shape distortion can be avoided.
Homologation of representative boronic esters using in situ generated (halomethyl)lithiums: A comparative study

Abstract A comparative study of the homologation of representative boronic esters with in situ generated LiCH 2 X (X= Cl; Br; I) is presented wherein the reactivity differences arising out of the steric and electronic effects of the migrating groups, and the nature of the ester groups are determined and discussed.
Design, Implementation, and Comparison of Methods for Collecting Implant Registry Data at Different Hospital Types

Practical issues surrounding the official establishment of a national arthroplasty registry in the United States remain. The purpose of this study was to compare compliance and accuracy rates associated with 3 methods for voluntarily collecting implant registry data at 3 different hospital types. Methods examined included (1) scannable paper forms, (2) online forms comprising keypunching for implant data input, and (3) the same electronic form but incorporating barcode scanning for implant data entry. Overall compliance was low (930/1761; 52.8%) and decreased with each successive data collection phase. Total accuracy rate was 62.5% (578/925) and varied significantly among sites (P < .001). Even with relatively simple reporting systems, compliance was poor. This emphasizes the need for direct surgeon involvement, strict oversight, and a feedback system to ensure validity, particularly if a volunteer-based system is used.
Controllability of the wave equation with moving point control

This paper deals with approximate and exact controllability of the wave equation in finite time with interior point control acting along a curve specified in advance in the system's spatial domain. The structure of the control input is dual to the structure of the observations which describe the measurements of velocity and gradient of the solution of the dual system, obtained from the moving point sensor. A relevant formalization of such a control problem is discussed, based on transposition. For any given timeinterval [0,T] the existence of the curves providing approximate controllability inH −[n/2]−1 (Ω)×H −[n/2]−1 (Ω) (wheren stands for the space dimension) is established with controls fromL 2(0,T; R n +1). The same curves ensure exact controllability inL 2(Ω) × H−1(Ω) if controls are allowed to be selected in [L ∞(0,T; R n+1)]. Required curves can be constructed to be continuous on [0,T).
Multinational Firms’ Leadership Role in Corporate Social Responsibility in Latin America

This paper explores the commitment to corporate citizenship on the part of the largest U.S.-based multinationals in the emerging market region of Latin America. The websites of the largest U.S.-based firms – according to the 2007 Fortune 500 list – are reviewed and their CSR efforts in Latin America are noted. The firms’ positions on corporate citizenship in Latin America are mapped onto a three-by-three matrix in which firms’ commitment to corporate citizenship ranges from profit-making motivations to a more holistic approach where support for non-profit causes is embraced by the entire firm and implemented at all levels (Marsden, Business and Society Review105(1), 9–26, 2000). The largest U.S.-based multinationals were selected for this study because of their leadership role and the fact that other firms within their respective industries may seek to emulate the firms’ level of commitment to corporate citizenship. While the matrix can be used to evaluate corporate citizenship efforts in any market – or globally – the emphasis in this study is on Latin America, a region of interest for two reasons: because of the paucity of research on this particular emerging market region as it relates to CSR, and because there is some evidence to suggest that philanthropic initiatives by the region’s wealthy individuals lag behind individual philanthropic efforts in other world regions (Oppenheimer, Latin America’s Rich Should Donate More. McClatchey-Tribune Regional News, 2007). If this is the case, this study aims to identify whether companies are picking up the slack. “You make a living by what you get; but you make a life by what you give.” Winston Churchill
In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurement of gray-matter and white-matter gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration in sensorimotor cortex using a motion-controlled MEGA point-resolved spectroscopy sequence

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Understanding the GABA concentration, in vivo, is important to understand normal brain function. Using MEGA point-resolved spectroscopy sequence with interleaved water scans to detect subject motion, GABA level of sensorimotor cortex was measured using a voxel identified from a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The GABA level in a 20×20×20-mm3 voxel consisting of 37%±7% gray matter, 52%±12% white matter and 11%±8% cerebrospinal fluid in the sensorimotor region was measured to be 1.43±0.48 mM. In addition, using linear regression analysis, GABA concentrations within gray and white matter were calculated to be 2.87±0.61 and 0.33±0.11 mM, respectively.
Bayesian adaptive nonparametric M-regression

Nonparametric regression has been popularly used in curve fitting, signal denosing, and image processing. In such applications, the underlying functions (or signals) may vary irregularly, and it is very common that data are contaminated with outliers. Adaptive and robust techniques are needed to extract clean and accurate information. In this paper, we develop adaptive nonparametric M-regression with a Bayesian approach. This general approach fits M-regression using piecewise polynomial functions with an unknown number of knots at unknown locations, all treated as parameters to be inferred through Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) of Green (1995, [9]). The Bayesian solution presented in this paper with computational details can be considered as an approximation to the general optimal solution for M-regression with free knots as described in Stone (2005, [22]). Numerical results show that the Bayesian approach performs well in various cases, especially with discontinuous underlying functions. AMS 2000 subject classifications: Primary 60K35, 60K35; secondary 60K35.
Symbolic and algebraic computations in multidimensional systems theory

This article has been prepared as a response to Professor B. Buchberger's invitation to each member of the program committee of EUROCAL 85 to write a short paper on his or her view of the future of the symbolic and algebraic computation, especially within the context of the individual's special field of interest. In my case, this interest is centered around the topic of multidimensional systems theory, and my viewpoints on the present and potential impact of symbolic and algebraic computation on this subject are briefly summarized below.
Salmonella Prevalence in Bovine Lymph Nodes Differs among Feedyards

Lymphatic tissue, specifically lymph nodes, is commonly incorporated into ground beef products as a component of lean trimmings. Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria have been identified in bovine lymph nodes, which may impact compliance with the Salmonella performance standards for ground beef established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Although Salmonella prevalence has been examined among lymph nodes between animals, no data are currently available regarding feedyard origin of the cattle and Salmonella prevalence. Bovine lymph nodes (279 superficial cervical plus 28 iliofemoral = 307) were collected from beef carcasses at a commercial beef harvest and processing plant over a 3-month period and examined for the prevalence of Salmonella. Cattle processed were from seven feedyards (A through G). Salmonella prevalence was exceptionally low (0% of samples were positive ) in cattle from feedyard A and high (88.2%) in cattle from feedyard B. Prevalence in the remaining feedyards ranged widely: 40.0...
Conformational Properties and Static Structure Factor of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

A theory is presented for the conformational properties and static structure factor of polyelectrolyte solutions. Predictions of the theory for the mean square end-to-end distance and static structure factor are in very good agreement with molecular dynamics simulations. The theory predicts that chain collapse occurs at concentrations much smaller than the overlap threshold concentration. The static structure factor displays a peak at small wave vectors which diminishes in intensity and moves to higher wave vectors as the concentration or charge fraction is increased. The scaling of the peak position with concentration and charge fraction is consistent with experiments.
Using thermodynamic availability to determine the energy of explosion

Current methods to determine the thermodynamic energy of explosion are based on the Helmholtz free energy. The Helmholtz free energy represents the maximum work available from a system during a constant temperature process. For many real explosions, the material is initially at a temperature or pressure higher than the ambient environment. Thus, the Helmholtz free energy does not account for all of the energy sources. The thermodynamic availability provides a general approach to determine the maximum work available from any process. Furthermore, the availability provides a much more formal and structured method for performing the calculations. This paper provides the formal basis, demonstrates the application of availabilty using a number of examples, and provides a table of availability data.
Uniformly least powerful tests of market efficiency

Abstract Defenders of market efficiency argue that anomalies involving long-term abnormal returns are not robust to alternative methodologies. We argue that because various methodologies use different weighting schemes, the magnitude of abnormal returns should differ, and in a predictable manner. Three problems are identified that cause low power in value-weighted three-factor time series regressions when abnormal returns following managerial actions are being estimated. We illustrate the sensitivities in the context of the new issues puzzle as well as with simulations. More generally, multifactor models as currently used do not, and cannot, test market efficiency.
Coincidence sum peak assay of 125I activity using solid state detectors.

The use of solid state detectors in the coincidence sum peak technique of 125I activity assay has been studied. The improved energy resolution of these detectors allows distinct resolution of the Kα, Kβ, and γ peaks, and four sum peaks resulting from the coincident detection of the different X and γ photons. Theoretical considerations yield three separate equations, each of which can be used, in conjunction with the experimental sum peak spectrum, to give the activity of the 125I sample in question. This method is suitable for calibration of 125I activities in the range of 0.01–0.5 μCi with precisions of 2%–3%.
Fine structural and biochemical effects of aminoglutethimide and o,p'-DDD on rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 and adrenals.

Rats bearing adrenocortical carcinoma 494 were injected daily for 7, 14, or 21 days with aminoglutethimide (AG) or o,p′-DDD. Reversibility of these steroidogenic inhibitors was determined by injecting other animals for either 14 or 21 days and sacrificing them 14 days later. While the drugs had little effect on body or tumor growth, plasma corticosterone levels were reduced a maximum of 88% in normal and 95% in tumor-bearing rats during AG chemotherapy. These levels were unaltered in normal rats by o,p′-DDD and reduced a maximum of 64% in tumor-bearing animals. Relative adrenal weights generally increased during chemotherapy and then returned to control levels. These changes were mainly due to alterations in the lipid and mitochondrial volume fractions. Lipid increased with both drugs while mitochondria increased with o,p′-DDD and decreased with AG. Cholesterol ester levels paralleled the lipid stereology more closely with AG than o,p′-DDD. With both drugs the most notable changes in tumor fine structure was a decrease in mitochondrial internal membranous vesicles and matrical density. Adrenal mitochondria had the irregular, elongated forms characteristic of tumor-bearing animals and were vacuolated (AG) or had internal rings (o,p′-DDD). The large lipid droplets observed during chemotherapy with both drugs were replaced by numerous small droplets in recovery periods.
An SEI Process Improvement Path to Software Quality

Software quality is growing in importance: we are increasingly dependent on software for everything from transportation to public safety. The Carnegie Mellonreg Software Engineering Institute has pioneered excellent methods for software process improvement, namely its capability maturity model integration (CMMIreg) and Team Software Processtrade (TSPtrade). This paper provides a brief overview of software quality and its history, a short treatment of CMMI, and an introduction to the TSPtrade , the SEI's "how to" guide to achieving process maturity. Empirical results are presented.
Can Non-violence Be Combined with Military Means for National Defense?

Increasing levels of destructiveness inherent in nuclear weapons or even 'improved' conventional weaponry are perceived as potential threats to the defender's own society, and of doubtful moral acceptability. One approach to defense at lower levels of destruction involves limitations upon the use of conventional weapons. A second approach would abandon armed defense entirely and rely upon some form of non-violent defense. The latter method however suffers from certain limitations and in any case could not be implemented immediately, which requires that during a transition phase some form of defense combining military and non-violent means must exist. Combining military and non violent defense offers flexibility and, in some cases, potential for improved defense. Because mixed violent and non-violent defense is a variety of 'bounded war', separation of the two methods by geographic zones, timing, and organizational structure is helpful, perhaps essential, to obtaining the 'cooperation' of the aggressor in maintaining the limits. Some problems of creating and maintaining separation and limitation are discussed, and brief illustrations are provided. The study concludes that although conceptual models are relatively clear and little changed in the past decade, combined violent/ non-violent defense belongs to the large class of security theories that are not susceptible of proof short of experience, if then, and require advocates or governments to act on combined logic and faith.
Properties of approximate Parks-McClellan filters

It has been observed empirically that each coefficient in a Parks-McClellan filter converges to a steady state value as the filter length increases. This suggests the possibility of obtaining filters that are near optimal while "re-using" filter coefficients from shorter filters in the design of longer filters. In the context of approximate processing this then allows a filtering operation to be done in stages. This paper demonstrates this observation and examines some of its implications.
Tertiary Contacts Distant from the Active Site Prime a Ribozyme for Catalysis

Minimal hammerhead ribozymes have been characterized extensively by static and time-resolved crystallography as well as numerous biochemical analyses, leading to mutually contradictory mechanistic explanations for catalysis. We present the 2.2 A resolution crystal structure of a full-length Schistosoma mansoni hammerhead ribozyme that permits us to explain the structural basis for its 1000-fold catalytic enhancement. The full-length hammerhead structure reveals how tertiary interactions occurring remotely from the active site prime this ribozyme for catalysis. G-12 and G-8 are positioned consistent with their previously suggested roles in acid-base catalysis, the nucleophile is aligned with a scissile phosphate positioned proximal to the A-9 phosphate, and previously unexplained roles of other conserved nucleotides become apparent within the context of a distinctly new fold that nonetheless accommodates the previous structural studies. These interactions permit us to explain the previously irreconcilable sets of experimental results in a unified, consistent, and unambiguous manner.
Keep food safe to eat: healthful food must be safe as well as nutritious.

The inclusion of food safety in the 2000 edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is an important step toward ensuring their continued relevance for health promotion and disease prevention. The inclusion of food safety is consistent with the original intent of the Guidelines and the increased focus on food safety today; it also better reflects current knowledge about diet and long-term health. A wide spectrum of surveillance methods can be used to monitor progress in reducing the incidence of foodborne illness, from surveys of food safety attitudes to epidemiologic data on foodborne illness. Surveillance data show that progress is being made, but that much work remains to be done. Strategies for reducing foodborne illness require a farm-to-table approach and the involvement of all those who have a responsibility for food safety, i.e., government, industry and the public. Federal agencies and others are finding it useful to use a risk analysis framework, i.e., risk assessment, risk management and risk communication, as a means of organizing available information, identifying data gaps, quantifying risks for specific pathogens and foods, and presenting strategies for improvement. Food safety education is a critical part of the overall strategy to reduce the incidence of foodborne illness and complements regulatory, research and other activities.
Antimicrobial activity of silver‐containing dressings on wound microorganisms using an in vitro biofilm model

Antimicrobial dressings such as those containing silver are now being used widely to control wound bioburden, and tests to demonstrate their efficacy predominantly involve in vitro models using free-living or planktonic bacteria. In this present study a wide range of antibiotic-sensitive and resistant bacteria were tested in their quasi-sessile state using a standard agar assay and a second method used a poloxamer gel (true biofilm state - poloxamer encourages microorganisms to exhibit a more clinically relevant biofilm phenotype) technique. The antimicrobial activity of two silver dressings, a silver-containing Hydrofiber (SCH) dressing and a nanocrystalline silver-containing dressing (NCS), were evaluated on a variety of microorganisms, using a zone-of-inhibition (ZOI) test. When grown on agar (presenting a quasi-sessile state of each organism), the antibiotic-susceptible microorganisms were generally more susceptible to the SCH dressing compared with the NCS. ZOIs associated with SCH dressing ranged between 5.7 and 17.5 mm; those for the NCS against the same group of organisms ranged between 1.9 and 8.6 mm. When grown on poloxamer gel, (presenting the biofilm state of each organism) the same group of microorganisms were less susceptible to both dressings. The SCH dressing was most effective against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus (ZOI range: 2.6-6 mm); the NCS was most effective against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli (i.e. ZOI range: 1-2.8 mm). Similarly to the antibiotic-susceptible microorganisms, nine of ten antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains when grown on agar were more susceptible to the SCH dressing compared with the NCS. Although the microorganisms tested were universally less susceptible to the silver dressings when in their biofilm state, in the majority of cases, the SCH dressing demonstrated greater biofilm-inhibiting activity than the NCS.
Nonsurgical Management of Hyperhidrosis

Affecting up to 3% of the United States population, hyperhidrosis (HH) is a condition defined by excessive sweat secretion. HH is a physical disease that can have a severe negative impact on a patient's quality of life with respect to occupational, personal, and social relationships. It is imperative to diagnose patients who have HH immediately and to treat them effectively. Given the potential complications of surgery, nonsurgical modalities are considered first. This article reviews in detail the conservative and nonsurgical options for HH management, which include topical agents, oral medications, iontophoresis, and botulinum toxin injections. It also reviews the current suggested use of these therapies according to disease severity and distribution.
IMMUNITY REACTIONS OF HUMAN SUBJECTS TO STRAINS OF PNEUMOCOCCI OTHER THAN TYPES I, II AND III

1. A group of 72 human subjects were studied with respect to the immune reactions of their blood and sera to Types I, II and III pneumococci and to 4 other types (V, VI, VIII and IX) previously included in Group IV. 2. The same general relationships were observed for all of these types as were previously demonstrated for Types I, II and III. Each type was specific in relation to the bactericidal action of normal human blood and the protective action of normal human serum. 3. The frequency with which pneumococcidal action for any pair of types was present for both or absent for both in the same blood samples was slightly greater than that calculated from the frequencies with which each of the types was killed separately. 4. No closer correlation could be demonstrated between the reaction of the blood of these subjects to Types II and V or between Types III and VIII pneumococci, types related in their reaction with artificially prepared immune sera, than was observed between unrelated strains.
Analysis and Improvement of Information-Intensive Services: Evidence from Insurance Claims Handling Operations

The article of record as published may be located at http://dx.doi.org/10.341/poms.1080.01150
Physics Modeling of Tokamak Transport, a Grand Challenge for Controlled Fusion

A challenge facing fusion is accurate prediction and understanding of plasma and heat confinement. Com puters and modeling techniques have advanced to where we can envision simulating real Tokamaks start ing from fundamental physics models. Charged parti cles in magnetic fields execute rapidly gyrating mo tions about the field. These orbits gradually drift where electric fields and magnetic nonuniformities exist. The gyrokinetic model averages out the rapid gyration and treats the plasma as a large number of drifting rings of charge and current; large numbers approx. 106 of such rings are followed in their self-consistent electric and magnetic fields. Three-dimensional simulations of plasma and heat confinement for situations relevant to fusion give turbulence spectra and transport coeffi cients similar to experiments. Simpler particle models of plasma run on hypercubes achieves a high degree of parallelism 95%. With new parallel machines sub stantial gains in speed and memory can be expected; modeling of real Tokamaks should be possible.
Extended Depth of Field Catadioptric Imaging Using Focal Sweep

Catadioptric imaging systems use curved mirrors to capture wide fields of view. However, due to the curvature of the mirror, these systems tend to have very limited depth of field (DOF), with the point spread function (PSF) varying dramatically over the field of view and as a function of scene depth. In recent years, focal sweep has been used extensively to extend the DOF of conventional imaging systems. It has been shown that focal sweep produces an integrated point spread function (IPSF) that is nearly space-invariant and depth-invariant, enabling the recovery of an extended depth of field (EDOF) image by deconvolving the captured focal sweep image with a single IPSF. In this paper, we use focal sweep to extend the DOF of a catadioptric imaging system. We show that while the IPSF is spatially varying when a curved mirror is used, it remains quasi depth-invariant over the wide field of view of the imaging system. We have developed a focal sweep system where mirrors of different shapes can be used to capture wide field of view EDOF images. In particular, we show experimental results using spherical and paraboloidal mirrors.
Damage Imaging and Quantification Using Spectral Field

This paper presents damage imaging and quantification by using the spectral field of Lamb waves. The spectral field is acquired through a piezoelectric transducer (PZT)-scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) sensing. A wideband chirp signal is used for PZT excitation in order to generate wideband Lamb waves. With the SLDV, the time-space wavefield is acquired, and transformed into the spectral field representation through Fourier transform. The spectral field, which contains wideband Lamb wave responses of the structure, is further analyzed for damage detection and quantification. Using the spatial wavenumber analysis, the local wavenumber at each location are obtained, and represented as a spatial wavenumber image which can be used for damage detection and evaluation. Moreover, the dispersion curve regression method is developed to quantify the thickness change of a defect. For verification, experiments are performed on aluminum plates with blind holes of different depths. The experimental results show that the blind holes can be detected by both the spatial wavenumber imaging and dispersion curve regression. In addition, the dispersion curve regression can further quantify the depths of the blind holes.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
ASSOCIATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) WITH CERVICAL CANCER BY LYMPHOCYTE REACTIVITY WITH HSV-1 AND HSV-2 ANTIGENS

Twenty-six women with invasive cervical cancer were examined for lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) herpes simplex virus (HSV). Blood specimens were obtained from each patient before radiation therapy and separated into subpopulations by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. Lymphocytes were cultured in RPMI-1640 containing autologous plasma and exposed to PHA, HSV-1, HSV-2, and control antigens. The results compared with those of women having negative Papanicolaou smears and matched to the cancer patients by age, race, and socioeconomic class revealed significant differences in blastogenic response (3H-thymidine) to HSV-2 antigens. Results from groups with known HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections indicated that differences were associated with the cancer patients having a higher frequency of HSV-2 infection. Results generally agreed with the findings of previous studies in which serologic test procedures were used.
Summer movements, home range, habitat use, and behavior of mule deer fawns

Etude radiotelemetrique sur 77 jeunes Odocoileus hemionus dans les Missouri River Breaks, Montana
An Excellent Production: The Nature of a Liberal College

(1937). An Excellent Production: The Nature of a Liberal College. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 8, No. 9, pp. 501-502.
Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CF═CH2 and (Z)-CF3CF═CHF: Cl and NO3 rate coefficients, Cl reaction product yields, and thermochemical calculations.

Rate coefficients, k, for the gas-phase reactions of Cl atoms and NO3 radicals with 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, CF3CF═CH2 (HFO-1234yf), and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene, (Z)-CF3CF═CHF (HFO-1225ye), are reported. Cl-atom rate coefficients were measured in the fall-off region as a function of temperature (220−380 K) and pressure (50−630 Torr; N2, O2, and synthetic air) using a relative rate method. The measured rate coefficients are well represented by the fall-off parameters k0(T) = 6.5 × 10−28 (T/300)−6.9 cm6 molecule−2 s−1 and k∞(T) = 7.7 × 10−11 (T/300)−0.65 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for CF3CF═CH2 and k0(T) = 3 × 10−27 (T/300)−6.5 cm6 molecule−2 s−1 and k∞(T) = 4.15 × 10−11 (T/300)−0.5 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for (Z)-CF3C═CHF with Fc = 0.6. Reaction product yields were measured in the presence of O2 to be (98 ± 7)% for CF3C(O)F and (61 ± 4)% for HC(O)Cl in the CF3CF═CH2 reaction and (108 ± 8)% for CF3C(O)F and (112 ± 8)% for HC(O)F in the (Z)-CF3CF═CHF reaction, where the quoted uncertainties are 2σ (95% confidence...
Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces that Prevent Microbial Surface Fouling and Kill Non-Adherent Pathogens in Surrounding Media: A Controlled Release Approach

Many types of slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (or 'SLIPS') can resist adhesion and colonization by microorganisms. These 'slippery' materials thus offer new approaches to prevent fouling on a range of commercial and industrial surfaces, including biomedical devices. However, while SLIPS can prevent fouling on surfaces to which they are applied, they can currently do little to prevent the proliferation of non-adherent (planktonic) organisms, stop them from colonizing other surfaces, or prevent them from engaging in other behaviors that could lead to infection and associated burdens. Here, we report an approach to the design of multi-functional SLIPS that addresses these issues and expands the potential utility of slippery surfaces in antimicrobial contexts. Our approach is based on the incorporation and controlled release of small-molecule antimicrobial agents from the porous matrices used to host infused slippery oil phases. We demonstrate that SLIPS fabricated using nanoporous polymer multilayers can prevent short- and longer-term colonization and biofilm formation by four common fungal and bacterial pathogens (Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus), and that the polymer and oil phases comprising these materials can be exploited to load and sustain the release of triclosan, a model hydrophobic and broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, into surrounding media. This approach both improves the inherent anti-fouling properties of these materials and endows them with the ability to efficiently kill planktonic pathogens. Finally, we show that this approach can be used to fabricate dual-action SLIPS on complex surfaces, including the luminal surfaces of flexible catheter tubes. This strategy has the potential to be general; we anticipate that the materials, strategies, and concepts reported here will enable new approaches to the design of slippery surfaces with improved anti-fouling properties and open the door to new applications of slippery liquid-infused materials that host or promote the release of a variety of other active agents.
Analysis of operation characteristics in initial operation stage for 750 kV transmission pilot project in Northwest China

The 750 kV transmission pilot project,which is the first highest voltage transmission line project in China,puts into production successfully.Its completion and operation symbolize that China's grid technology and manufacturing level of transmission and transformation equipment has stridden into the world advanced level,and has played an important role in accelerating the development of water and thermal power resources in Northwest China and promoting the optimized allocation of eastern and western energy resources.This paper analyzed the special operation characteristic of Guanting-East Lanzhou 750 kV transmission line and substations in three operation modes.It is concluded that the 750 kV transmission line has low power flow during the initial operation stage of 750 kV transmission pilot project.And the N-1 faults on 750 kV transmission line or substations can not cause serious disturbance to Northwest Power System.
The thought on lifting the level of college school newspaper

The article pays great attention to a grade lifting of college school newspaper on the basis of grasping the developing trend of the newspaper.The article discusses some characteristics,i.e.,the heading of the school newspaper should strike the eye,the top-line should have depth,the pictures should be vivid,the format should be modularization,the style of writing should be novel and the details should be characteristic.On the basis of studying experiences of other excellent newspapers,the article suggests that the strict working systems and working standards should be built in order to improve the level of the school newspaper,the editors and reporters should attend the trainings to improve the abilities and expand the field of vision,and the team of communication and liaison should be built to expand the source of draft.
Toward a just healthcare system.

The U.S. healthcare delivery system is a patchwork nonsystem full of inequities, whose symptoms include the prolongation of the dying process, a lack of preventive care, and patient dumping. What can be done to make this nation's healthcare delivery system more just? The U.S. healthcare system should be modeled on the same underlying assumptions and justice-related values as the U.S. education system, a system based on need. Americans would find such a model psychologically acceptable because they are familiar with it, even though it is not perfect. Because they have the facilities and resources at their disposal, care givers must experience solidarity with all those who need care. The unity and solidarity of all creation is an explicitly Christian theme and is an appropriate value to emphasize with regard to compassionate healthcare. To establish a fairer healthcare delivery system, providers must consider their own Christian responsibilities and those of the Church, as well as the civic responsibilities of the government. If Catholic healthcare professionals do their part to change the status quo, Americans will be able to enjoy a fair system of healthcare delivery based on need, not on ability to pay.
Association between new-onset hypothyroidism and clinical response in patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in phase I clinical trials

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-induced thyroid dysfunction has been identified as an important but manageable adverse effect of targeted therapy. Several studies have suggested that patients who develop hypothyroidism respond better to TKIs, but this relationship is not well elucidated. We evaluated the relationship between new-onset hypothyroidism and clinical response in patients with advanced cancers treated with TKIs at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed records for patients from four clinical trials that included at least one TKI therapy between January 2006 and December 2011. Patients with preexisting thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer, hypothyroidism, or hyperthyroidism, were excluded. Analysis of 197 patients was performed. Response was determined using RECIST 1.0. Clinical benefit was described as complete response, partial response, or stable disease greater than 4 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to correlate patient characteristics with clinical response. The median age for the 197 patients was 58 years (range, 13–85 years), and 56 % were female. Of the 197 patients, 52 (26 %) developed hypothyroidism after therapy. Clinical benefit rates were 50 % in patients with new-onset hypothyroidism versus 34 % in patients without hypothyroidism. In the univariate model, the odds ratio (OR) for new-onset hypothyroidism was 1.9 [95 % confidence interval (CI) (1.0, 3.6) and p = 0.05]. We grouped tumor types into six categories (breast, colorectal carcinoma, melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreas, and other). When adjusted for tumor type, age (>50 years) and sex, the OR was 2.9 [95 % CI (1.3, 6.5) and p = 0.012] for new-onset hypothyroidism. New-onset hypothyroidism was associated with favorable clinical response in patients who received TKI treatment.
Toxicity and anti-tumor activity of hydrophobic diammine and diaminocyclohexane platinum complexes entrapped in multilamellar vesicles.

The toxicity and anti-tumor activity of a lipophilic diaminocyclohexane (DACH) platinum complex entrapped in liposomes (liposomal-cis-bis-neodecanoato-trans-R, R-1, 2-DACH platinum II-L-NDDP) were compared with those of the liposomal preparation of the same compound without the DACH group (liposomal-cis-bis-neodecanoato-(diammine) platinum II-L-CNDP). Both liposomal preparations had the same liposome size distribution, drug entrapment efficiency (greater than 95%), and liposome stability (greater than 95%). Although no differences were observed in the mouse LD50 (60.2 mg/kg for L-NDDP vs 67.8 mg/kg for L-CNDP), the liposome entrapped non-DACH compound (L-CNDP) was more nephrotoxic than the liposome entrapped DACH compound (L-NDDP), but much less than cisplatin (CDDP) (mean BUN elevation 4 days after the administration of the LD50 dose 67 mg% for L-CNDP vs 30 mg% for L-NDDP vs 255 mg% for CDDP). L-NDDP was not cross-resistant with CDDP against L1210/CDDP leukemia while L-CNDP was cross-resistant (%T/C 200 for L-NDDP, 112 for CDDP, and 100 for L-CNDP). In addition, L-NDDP was slightly more active than L-CNDP against i.p. L1210/0 leukemia and i.v. M5076 reticulosarcoma. These studies suggest that the attachment of a cyclohexane group to the amino functions of lipophilic platinum complexes results in a decrease of the nephrotoxicity and a lack of cross-resistance with CDDP. The lack of cross-resistance is preserved when the compounds are entrapped and delivered in a liposomal carrier but not when they are delivered in a micellar suspension.
Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Prostatic Obstruction: Correlation of Flow Rates With Voided, Residual or Total Bladder Volume

Previous investigators reported that accurate estimation of average or maximum urinary flow rates required correlation with total bladder volume (voided plus residual volumes). To test this requirement we performed uroflowmetry studies on 124 patients before and 77 patients after prostatectomy. Of the patients 20 were tested on multiple preoperative and postoperative occasions to comprise paired observations. Observations were made on age, voided and residual volumes, voiding duration, and average, maximum and adjusted maximum flow rates. Prostatectomy resulted in significant increases in all flow rates and significant decreases in voiding duration. The procedure had significant effects on reducing residual volume but voided volumes increased and total volume decreased only slightly postoperatively. Preoperative average, maximum and adjusted peak urinary flow rates correlated negatively with residual volume (increasing residual volume correlates with decreasing flow rate). Maximum flow rates correlated positively with voided volume. Whether measured preoperatively or postoperatively no significant correlation was found among average, peak or adjusted flow rates and total bladder volume. The only consistent significant correlation found among voided, residual and total volumes, and other measurements was voiding duration, which increased as any of the aforementioned volumes increased. Comparison of the random total and paired populations revealed no significant difference. Use of voided rather than total volume seems preferred in correlations with maximum urinary flow rates. Determination of residual urine remains necessary as an estimation of emptying failure but it is not required information for determination of flow rates.
Lower Bounds, Snapshots and Approximation

IN SEARCH of efficient fault-tolerant algorithms, it is important to also consider the lower bounds for relevant problems. The efficiency achieved by a fault-tolerant Write-All algorithm in a particular parallel model needs to be contrasted with the lower bound results for the model. If there is a gap between the upper and lower bounds results, then there is a possibility of developing better algorithms.
ISOSUBGROUP: an internet tool for generating isotropy subgroups of crystallographic space groups

ISOSUBGROUP, the newest member of the ISOTROPY Software Suite (http://iso.byu.edu), generates isotropy subgroups of crystallographic space groups based on superpositions of multiple irreducible representations, along with a wealth of information about each one. Like the original ISOTROPY program, its scope is general rather than being restricted to common types of order parameters of a user-specified parent structure. But like the newer ISODISTORT program, its user-friendly interface has menu-driven selections. This combination of features has been oft requested but unavailable until now. Program output includes information about the subgroup symmetry, ferroic species, phase-transition continuity, active k vectors, domains and secondary order parameters.
La relación entre la Ciencia y el Ideal Ascético en 'La Genealogía' de Nietzsche

En este ensayo propongo una interpretacion de la relacion entre la ciencia y el Ideal Ascetico en La Genealogia de la Moral, que busca explicar la enigmatica alianza entre ambos que Nietzsche establece al final del tercer tratado de la mencionada obra. Segun Nietzsche, contrario a lo que se cree, la ciencia moderna no es realmente un antagonista del Ideal Ascetico sino mas bien su forma mas reciente y mas noble. Arguire que, para Nietzsche, el Ideal Ascetico ha sido hasta el momento la unica respuesta que el ser humano ha dado a su forma especial de existencia, que consiste en encontrarse en la situacion de ser el unico animal capacitado para la independencia y la soberania. El Ideal Ascetico expresa una huida de la responsabilidad y la carga (el sufrimiento) que esa capacidad para la soberania comporta. Asi pues, la ciencia, como expresion ultima de dicho ideal, representa al igual que este una evasion de la independencia y una declaracion de guerra contra la libertad de la voluntad, es decir, contra la autonomia.Palabras Clave: Nietzsche, ideal ascetico, ciencia, soberania, autonomiaAbstract:In this essay I advance an interpretation of the relationship between science and the ascetic ideal in The Genealogy of Morals, that seeks to explain the enigmatic alliance Nietzsche establishes between both at the end of the third treatise of the aforementioned book. According to Nietzsche, contrary to what is believed, modern science is not really the antagonist of the ascetic ideal, but constitutes rather its latest and noblest form. In what follows, I argue that, for Nietzsche, the ascetic ideal has been the only response human beings have given to their special form of existence, which consists in being the only animals capable of independence and sovereignty. The ascetic ideal expresses a flight from the responsibility and the burden (the suffering) that is entailed by the exercise of that capacity for sovereignty. Thus, as the ultimate expression of that ideal, science too represents an evasion of independence and a declaration of war against freedom of will, that is, against autonomy.Key Words: Nietzsche, ascetic ideal, science, sovereignty, autonomy
Systematic pathological component scores for skin-containing vascularized composite allografts

ABSTRACTClinical management of skin-containing vascularized composite allografts (VCA) requires accurate assessment of the graft status, typically based on skin biopsies. The Banff 2007 Working Classification proposed 4 grades of acute rejection, but did not score individual features or include vascular rejection. Here we report a systematic scoring system developed from MHC-mismatched porcine skin-containing VCA. Biopsies from 20 VCA, 9 autologous skin flaps and 9 normal skin were analyzed to optimize the methodology and set thresholds. The components quantified were: perivascular cells/dermal vessel (pc), perivascular dermal infiltrate area (pa), luminal leukocytes/capillary or venule (c), epidermal infiltrate (ei), epidermal apoptosis or necrosis (e), endarteritis (v), and chronic allograft vasculopathy (cav). To evaluate prognostic value, we scored a separate group of 28 serial biopsies from 8 recipients (4 that were ultimately accepted and 4 that rejected. Parameters on the initial biopsies predictin...
Use of Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Staging of Multiple Primary Lung Carcinomas: A Single-Center Experience.

Abstract Objective The staging of multiple pulmonary adenocarcinomas requires the distinction of intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM) from multiple primary lung cancers (MPLCs). This can be challenging in some patients, and the addition of data from oncogenic driver mutations in these tumors may be helpful in this determination. Methods As a proof of principle, molecular driver results from primary tumors and their metastases in 45 patients were compared (cohort 1). Then, 69 patients with a total of 154 synchronous or metachronous lung carcinomas were identified, and the pathologic findings were compared with oncogenic driver mutation. Each patient was assigned a highest potential T or M category on the basis of clinical, histopathologic, and molecular findings (cohort 2). Results The concordance rate of EGFR , KRAS , BRAF , and ALK receptor tyrosine kinase gene ( ALK ) mutations was 96% in cohort 1. In cohort 2, 36% of multiple same-lobe nodules were MPLCs, 40% were IPM, and 24% were noninformative by molecular findings. Of nodules with multiple lobe involvement, 81.5% were MPLCs and 7.4% were IPM, with 11% noninformative. Of metachronous tumors, 52.9% were MPLCs. Overall survival was 100% at 2 years, 95% at 3 years, and 80% at 4 years in patients with available follow-up. Conclusions Oncogenic driver mutations are concordant between primary tumors and metastasis. The largest proportion of MPLCs was seen in tumors of multiple lobes, but with a substantial proportion of MPLCs among single-lobe nodules and with metachronous tumors. Overall survival was higher than expected for the respective highest T or M category, which is in support of the high frequency of MPLC.