cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flavonoid glycosides and antioxidant capacity of various blackberry, blueberry and red grape genotypes determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Anthocyanin and flavonol glycosides of various blackberry, blueberry and red wine grape genotypes were identified and measured by a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. With this method, two distinct elution regions of anthocyanins and flavonols were obtained with near baseline separation of most compounds. Blackberry, blueberry and red wine grape genotypes varied markedly in total anthocyanins and total flavonols as well as oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The respective ranges of total anthocyanin (TA) and total flavonol (TF) contents of tested samples were: blackberries, 1143.9-2415.4 and 102.0-160.2mgkg −1 ; blueberries, 1435.2-8227.3 and 172.5-327.5mgkg −1 ; and red wine grapes, 380.9-7904.7 and 21.0-322.2mgkg −1 . Antioxidant activities and contents of total anthocyanins and total flavonols in blackberries, blueberries and red wine grapes were highly correlated, with linear relationships between ORAC and TA (rxy = 0.94) and TF (rxy = 0.90) for grapes, TA (rxy = 0.95) for blueberries and TA (rxy = 0.74) for blackberries.  2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlation between chain segment and ion mobility in an epoxy resin system. A free volume analysis

Steady shear viscosity and ionic conductivity have been measured for nine commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resins with molecular weights ranging from 340 to 14,200. The temperature dependence of viscosity and ionic conductivity was modeled using free volume viscosity and ionic conductivity relationships, which correlate the fractional free volume required for polymer chain segment motion (B) and the fractional free volume required for ion motion (B′) with polymer structure. The fractional free volume required for polymer chain segment mobility was observed to increase systematically with the molecular weight of the resins. The fractional free volume required for ion mobility did not vary for the resin series. A stoichiometric mixture of a low molecular weight DGEBA resin and a 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone cross-linker was partially polymerized to extents of reaction ranging from 0% to 49%. The fractional free volume required for polymer segment mobility for these partially polymerized samples was consistent with results for the neat resins. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Cauchy Problem for the Quasilinear Schrodinger Equation (Following Kenig-Ponce-Vega)

These are lectures notes for a 6 hour course given at PCMI, Park City, Utah, in the summer of 2003. The notes are based on a series of joint works of Kenig-Ponce-Vega. Each lecture had problems assigned with it. The lecture notes were prepared with the help of Justin Holmer. Justin Holmer also provided solutions to the problems, in an appendix to the notes.
Alleviation of catecholamine inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by phosphorylation at serine40.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TYH) catalyzes the rate-determining step in the synthesis of catecholamine neurotransmitters, the hydroxylation of tyrosine to L-dihydroxyphenylalanine with the oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin to dihydrobiopterin1. The activity of TYH is highly regulated. Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by catecholamines and high levels of tyrosine, and activated by anions, polyanions, phospholipids and phosphorylation1,2. cAMP-Dependent protein kinase phosphorylates serine40; calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylates serine 19 preferentially, but also phosphorylates serine40; and serines31 is also phosphorylated2. Phosphorylation at serine40 has been studied more thoroughly than phosphorylation at the other serines. The reported effects have varied widely2. At pH 6, phosphorylation of the rat enzyme decreases the KM value for 6-methyltetrahy-dropterin four to eight-fold, and increases the Vmax value up to threefold. Much less work has been done with the physiological substrate tetrahydrobiopterin at the physiological pH of 7. Under these assay conditions with partially or fully purified enzyme, the effect on the KBH4 value is reported to be about threefold, while the increase in the Vmax value is up to tenfold. This variability may be due to different preparations containing variable amounts of phosphate at each of the serine residues. In addition, TYH purified from PC12 cells or bovine adrenal medulla contains substoichiometric amounts of bound catecholamines3; several labs have noted a relationship between phosphorylation and feedback inhibition by catecholamines4.
Seepage Numerical Simulations in Test Case of Nocera Inferiore

This technical report aims to describe numerical results obtained from seepage analyses concerning landslide event occurred in pyroclastic deposits of Nocera Inferiore (Sa) on March 4th, 2005. The analyses have been carried out using the finite element software SEEP/W (Geo-Slope International Ltd.,2004). During previous simulations, water pressure values are suffering from kinks due to software numerical problems. So we tried to find out and delete the reason of these oscillations. Lastly, sensitivity analyses have been made in order to analyze the soil response in terms of pressure at changing of permeability.
Markers of altered cardiovascular autonomic function in overweight children

Autonomic dysfunction is known to be associated with sleep apnea and insulin resistance. With the growing prevalence of obesity, the common factor among subjects with sleep apnea and insulin resistance, we sought to determine how autonomic cardiovascular function is affected by the independent and combined effects of sleep apnea and insulin resistance at the early stage of these syndromes. In this study, we investigated the autonomic function of overweight-to-obese children with either sleep apnea or insulin resistance or both during supine and standing postures. Using computational models of heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance variability, we found that children with sleep apnea, regardless of the presence of insulin resistance, had higher peripheral vascular baroreflex gain. Furthermore, children with insulin resistance, regardless of the presence of sleep apnea, had decreased heart rate baroreflex gain from supine to standing, which was opposite to those without insulin resistance. In conclusion, we were able to detect altered autonomic function by sleep apnea and insulin resistance using markers derived from our computational models that based only on non-invasive measurements.
FIL simulation of sliding mode controller for DC/DC boost converter

This paper discusses real-time FPGA implementation of a nonlinear robust control technique namely Sliding Mode Control (SMC) for a DC/DC boost converter. Mathematical model of the DC/DC boost converter is first described and Sliding Mode Control law is designed for the plant model. The controller is then implemented in FPGA device using Xilinx System Generator and FIL (FPGA-IN-THE-LOOP) simulations are performed to test robustness of the system and its sensitivity to load and input voltage variations in Simulink environment using Xilinx System Generator (XSG) hardware co-simulation tool.
Phosphorylation in vivo of four basic proteins of rat brain myelin.

When rat brain myelin was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamideslab-gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography of the stained gel, it was found that a host of proteins of rat brain myelin were labelled 2, 4 and 24h after the intracerebral injection of H 3 32 PO 4 . Among those labelled were proteins migrating to the positions of myelin-associated glycoprotein, Wolfgram proteins, proteolipid protein, DM-20 and basic proteins. The four basic proteins with mol.wts. 21000, 18000 (large basic protein), 17000 and 14000 (small basic protein) were shown to be phosphorylated after electrophoresis in both acid-urea- and sodium dodecyl sulphate-containing gel systems followed by fluorography. The four basic proteins imparted bluish-green colour, after staining with Amido Black, which is characteristic of myelin basic proteins. The four basic proteins were purified to homogeneity. Fluorography of the purified basic proteins after re-electrophoresis revealed the presence of phosphorylated high-molecular-weight ‘polymers’ associated with each basic protein. The amino acid compositions of the phosphorylated large basic protein and small basic proteins are compatible with the amino acid sequences. Proteins with mol.wts. 21000 and 17000 gave the expected amino acid composition of myelin basic proteins. Radiolabelled phosphoserine and phosphothreonine were identified after partial acid hydrolysis of the four purified basic proteins. The [ 32 P]phosphate–protein bond in the basic protein was stable at an acidic pH but was readily hydrolysed at alkaline pH, as would be expected of phosphoester bonds involving both serine and threonine residues. Double-immunodiffusion analysis demonstrated that the four phosphorylated proteins showed complete homology when diffused against antiserum to a mixture of small and large basic proteins. Since the four basic proteins of rat brain myelin were phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro it is postulated that the same protein kinase is responsible for their phosphorylation in both conditions.
Femtosecond Relaxation Dynamics of Au25L18− Monolayer-Protected Clusters

Excited-state relaxation dynamics of a gold cluster, the anion Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18−, with a known crystal structure are measured with femtosecond laser spectroscopies. The cluster consists of an icosahedral Au13 core bonded to six Au2(SCH2CH2Ph)3 semirings. Pump−probe experiments excite Au13 core electronic transitions and then monitor relaxation of the system as it reaches quasi-equilibrium in lower-energy fluorescing state(s) localized on the semiring moieties. The measurements show that an extremely rapid (<200 fs) internal conversion process takes place within the multilevel electronic structure of the Au13 core, whereas core to semiring relaxation requires 1.2 ps. Photoinduced optical anisotropy persists for up to 1 ps after excitation of the lowest-energy Au13 core-localized transition, which, as suggested by the “superatom” model, distinguishes the optical response from that of a system with spherical symmetry (i.e., jellium sphere). Detection of an 80 cm−1 vibration localized to the Au13 core reflec...
Industrial organization study and policy suggestion for China's car industry

In this paper, we analyze the industrial organization of China's car industry based on the framework of the SCP(structure, conduct and performance).It argues that there are many problems in China's car industry, such as low concentration degree; lacking economics of scale; low barriers to entry and high barriers to exiting; little technological innovation and so on. Finally, some industrial policies and suggestions concerned are proposed.
Cooperation in Human-Agent Systems to Support Resilience: A Microworld Experiment.

Objective:This study uses a dyadic approach to understand human-agent cooperation and system resilience.Background:Increasingly capable technology fundamentally changes human-machine relationships. Rather than reliance on or compliance with more or less reliable automation, we investigate interaction strategies with more or less cooperative agents.Method:A joint-task microworld scenario was developed to explore the effects of agent cooperation on participant cooperation and system resilience. To assess the effects of agent cooperation on participant cooperation, 36 people coordinated with a more or less cooperative agent by requesting resources and responding to requests for resources in a dynamic task environment. Another 36 people were recruited to assess effects following a perturbation in their own hospital.Results:Experiment 1 shows people reciprocated the cooperative behaviors of the agents; a low-cooperation agent led to less effective interactions and less resource sharing, whereas a high-cooperat...
Influence of priority taking and abstaining at single-lane roundabouts using cellular automata

Existing roundabout simulation models fail to consider all types of driver behavior which compromises their accuracy and ability to accurately evaluate roundabout performance. Further, these non-compliant driver behaviors, including priority taking and priority abstaining, are inconsistent with existing traffic flow theories. In this paper, a new cellular automata model, C.A.Rsim, is developed and calibrated with field data from five single-lane roundabouts in four northeastern states. Model results indicate that approximately 20% of the individuals in the driver population are inclined to priority taking and approximately 20% are inclined to priority abstaining behavior, though the observed levels of these types of behavior are naturally lower and vary with traffic volume. The model results also corroborate other research indicating that current models can overestimate capacity at higher circulating volumes, possibly a result of the jamming effect produced by priority taking behavior. The reduction in priority abstaining behavior, which is observed at older roundabouts, significantly reduces delay and queue length in certain traffic volumes. C.A.Rsim is also more parsimonious than many existing microsimulation models. These results provide insight on how variations in conflicting flow (i.e., traffic volume and turning movement balance) impact the amount of observed non-compliant behavior.
The Plugged-in Home: Marketing of Information Technology to U.S. Households

Informatics have entered all spheres of household technologies in form of technological devices plugged into American homes. Some of these are functional technologies which facilitate the daily household activities such as cooking and cleaning. Others are entertainment and information-oriented devices that cater to the relaxation, education and information needs of specific household members.
Antibiotic Resistance in Airborne Bacteria Near Conventional and Organic Beef Cattle Farms in California, USA

Levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the fractions of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) among culturable heterotrophic bacteria were compared in outdoor air near conventional (n = 3) and organic (n = 3) cattle rearing facilities. DNA extracts from filters taken from 18 locations were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for five ARGs. At the reference (non-agricultural) site, all genes were below detection. ARGs sul1, bla SHV, erm(B), and bla TEM were more frequently detected and at higher levels (up to 870 copies m−3 for bla SHV and 750 copies m−3 for sul1) near conventional farms compared to organic locations while the opposite was observed for erm(F) (up to 210 copies m−3). Isolates of airborne heterotrophic bacteria (n = 1295) collected from the sites were tested for growth in the presence of six antibiotics. By disk diffusion on a subset of isolates, the fractions of ARB were higher for conventional sites compared to organic farms for penicillin (0.9 versus 0.63), cloxacillin (0.74 versus 0.23), cefoperazone (0.58 versus 0.14), and sulfamethazine (0.50 versus 0.33) for isolates on nutrient agar. All isolates’ ΔA600pres/ΔA600abs were measured for each of the six tested antibiotics; isolates from farms downwind of organic sites had a lower average ΔA600pres/ΔA600abs for most antibiotics. In general, all three analyses used to indicate microbial resistance to antibiotics showed increases in air samples nearby conventional versus organic cattle rearing facilities. Regular surveillance of airborne ARB and ARGs near conventional and organic beef cattle farms is suggested.
Dual-comb spectroscopy for city-scale open path greenhouse gas monitoring

We demonstrate dual-comb spectroscopy over a 11.6-km long urban open air path. The system provides time-resolved, high accuracy measurements of atmospheric transmission in the 1.6 micron atmospheric window for greenhouse gas quantification.
Prevalence, experiences, and characteristics of children and youth who enter foster care through voluntary placement agreements

Abstract A voluntary foster care placement (sometimes referred to as a voluntary placement agreement) is an agreement, entered into without court involvement, between a state or county child welfare agency and a child's parents to place a child into out-of-home placement. When a child enters foster care through this type of placement, state and federal programs that cover children who enter child welfare due to a court order become the custodians of the voluntarily-placed-child's placement, care, and supervision. In this cross-sectional, exploratory study, data from the Adoption and Foster Care Reporting System (AFCARS) was used to examine the characteristics and experiences of children who enter foster care through a voluntary foster care agreement, and to compare them with those of children who enter foster care through a court order. Findings indicate that children who are placed through a voluntary placement agreement differ from children who enter through a court order in their personal characteristics, as well as in their placement settings, length of placement, and manner of discharge from foster care. This study provides a baseline for future research into this area of child welfare practice.
Managing the NICS project at the Royal Canadian University

This case describes the installation of an IBM mainframe computer at the Royal Canadian University. The goal of the described project was to establish a Numerically Intensive Computing Service (NICS) in order to provide â€œfirst-classâ€ computing facilities to the researchers. Due to a number of factors, NICS failed to meet its objectives and the university abandoned the project within the first two years of its operations. The factors that contributed to its failure include: advancements in computing technology and changes in the computing style of end users; political and other nontechnical considerations in selecting the system; and the weak and adversarial relationship between the computer center staff and the senior university administrators. These factors, with a special emphasis on organizational issues, are discussed throughout the case. At the end of the case, the reader is invited to provide solutions for managing the current failure situation and minimizing its negative consequences.
Carnival in the Countryside: The History of the Iowa State Fair

Review of: "Carnival in the Countryside: The History of the Iowa State Fair," by Chris Rasmussen.
The Role of Language in Religious Identity Making: A Case of a Caribbean-Chinese Youth

This article explores the processes of religious identity development in a Caribbean-Chinese adolescent who is from a multifaith, multilingual home. Findings include (1) the youth developed a Chris...
Engineering and Rapid Purification of Histidine-Tagged Photosystem II from Synechocystis PCC 6803

The cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 is especially useful in site-directed mutagenesis studies of photosystem II (PSII). Unfortunately, methods which rely on ion-exchange chromatography for recovery of the mutant PSII (1–4) are lengthy and can even be inadequate for the generation of material in sufficient yield and purity for biophysical study when the level of PSII expression in the mutant is low. Here we present the use of an engineered hexahistidine tag fused to the carboxy-terminus of the CP47 subunit for the rapid purification of PSII core complexes from Synechocystis PCC 6803 by Ni2+-affinity chromatography. A recent paper also reported purification of PSII from Chlamydomonas using a His-tagged D2 subunit (5).
Language Development in Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: From Phenotypes to Treatments

Abstract Research on language development has increasingly been influenced by advances in genomic medicine and other fields providing insight into the varied causes of intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). In this chapter, we review research on language development from this etiological lens, focusing on three common genetic conditions associated with IDD: Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and Williams syndrome. We focus on describing the language phenotypes of these conditions as well as the factors that shape their development. We conclude that a profile of relative strengths and challenges in language has emerged that aligns predictably with etiology, as well as with individual characteristics and factors such as IQ, gender, and autism status. More fine-grained relationships have also emerged and helped explain between- and within-syndrome heterogeneity in IDD, including relationships between specific cognitive skills (eg, auditory memory) and specific language domains (eg, vocabulary). This more nuanced, etiologically based, description of language development has set the stage for more efficacious language interventions. We also consider new approaches to the treatment of language problems and the measurement of their efficacy, which are serving as models for a transformation of behavioral and pharmacological treatments in IDD more generally.
Recent developments in deuterated scintillators for neutron measurements at low-energy accelerators

Abstract Deuterated ( 2 H -based) organic scintillators, unlike conventional 1 H -based scintillators can generate pulse-shape gated neutron energy spectra 1 to 30 MeV without need for time-of-flight (ToF). They are especially appropriate for measurements at high-intensity, low-energy accelerators where a pulsed beam is not available. Even when the latter is available, the loss in effective beam intensity combined with the need for suitable long-path ToF measurements can be very inefficient. In contrast, as we demonstrate, arrays of d- benzene scintillators (NE230, BC537, EJ315) and recently xylene-d10 (EJ301D) together with related digital signal processing (DSP) can provide highly efficient neutron energy measurements w/o n-ToF. We also report the recent synthesis and initial testing of crystalline d-stilbene as a neutron detector.
Does the delivery matter? Examining randomization at the item level

Scales that are psychometrically sound, meaning those that meet established standards regarding reliability and validity when measuring one or more constructs of interest, are customarily evaluated based on a set modality (i.e., computer or paper) and administration (fixed-item order). Deviating from an established administration profile could result in non-equivalent response patterns, indicating the possible evaluation of a dissimilar construct. Randomizing item administration may alter or eliminate these effects. Therefore, we examined the differences in scale relationships for randomized and nonrandomized computer delivery for two scales measuring meaning/purpose in life. These scales have questions about suicidality, depression, and life goals that may cause item reactivity (i.e., a changed response to a second item based on the answer to the first item). Results indicated that item randomization does not alter scale psychometrics for meaning in life scales, which implies that results are comparable even if researchers implement different delivery modalities.
Does intracranial pressure management hurt more than it helps in traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death after traumatic injury. Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is particularly associated with poor TBI outcomes, prompting clinicians to monitor this parameter, using it to guide therapies aimed at reducing pressures. Despite this approach being recommended by several bodies such as the Brain Trauma Foundation and the American College of Surgeons, the evidence demonstrating that ICP-guided therapy improves outcome is limited. The topic was debated at the 36th Annual Point/Counterpoint Acute Care Surgery Conference and the following article summarizes the discussants points of view along with a summary of the evidence. Level of evidence Level III.
Silicon on Silicon Carbide Ring Resonators for Coupling to Color Centers

We present hybrid crystalline-silicon (c-Si) ring resonators on top of 4H silicon carbide with measured quality factor ∼9600 for coupling to spin qubits like divacancies and Cr ions for future applications in quantum information networks.
Granulocyte Function in Patients Receiving Lithium Carbonate

Phagocytic cells provide protection against a wide variety of microbial pathogens. A depletion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) below a critical number (Bodey et al., 1966) and/or abnormality in their cellular function (Quie, 1975) is associated with serious infection. Therefore, agents capable of enhancing phagocyte number and function are of importance. The lithium ion (Li+) induces leukocytosis (Shopsin et al., 1971) and may diminish the neutropenia associated with cancer chemotherapy (Greco and Brereton, 1977; Charron et al., 1977; Stein et al., 1977). While such effects appear desirable, it is equally important that the functions of these phagocytic cells are preserved in their contribution to the host defense system. In this paper we shall report our investigation into the microbicidal ability of neutrophils obtained from patients receiving lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), and the in vitro effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on several PMN functions.
Geographies of Beer

Beer is the third most widely consumed beverage, after water and tea (Nelson, The Barbarian’s beverage: a history of beer in ancient Europe. Abingdon, Routledge, 2005, p. 1). While four basic ingredients that create beer, namely water, grain, hops and yeast, make it seem like a simple beverage, the complexities rival (and perhaps outcompete) that of wine. Beer encompasses different types (e.g. ales and lagers), styles (e.g. amber ale, barley wine, Hefeweizen, IPA, pilsner, stout) and varieties of styles. To date, the Brewers Association has classified more than 140 different styles of beer (Brewers Association, 2012). Even the most discerning palette would be hard pressed to differentiate that many styles and varieties of ales and lagers. So how can such a simple beverage be so complex? In a word—geography.
The Role of Transparency in the Trustworthiness-Trust Relationship

Despite prevalent calls for increased transparency to establish or repair trust, the association between transparency, trustworthiness, and trust remains poorly understood because these relationshi...
Lightening the Load with Highly Accurate Storage- and Energy-Efficient LightNNs

Hardware implementations of deep neural networks (DNNs) have been adopted in many systems because of their higher classification speed. However, while they may be characterized by better accuracy, larger DNNs require significant energy and area, thereby limiting their wide adoption. The energy consumption of DNNs is driven by both memory accesses and computation. Binarized neural networks (BNNs), as a tradeoff between accuracy and energy consumption, can achieve great energy reduction and have good accuracy for large DNNs due to their regularization effect. However, BNNs show poor accuracy when a smaller DNN configuration is adopted. In this article, we propose a new DNN architecture, LightNN, which replaces the multiplications to one shift or a constrained number of shifts and adds. Our theoretical analysis for LightNNs shows that their accuracy is maintained while dramatically reducing storage and energy requirements. For a fixed DNN configuration, LightNNs have better accuracy at a slight energy increase than BNNs, yet are more energy efficient with only slightly less accuracy than conventional DNNs. Therefore, LightNNs provide more options for hardware designers to trade off accuracy and energy. Moreover, for large DNN configurations, LightNNs have a regularization effect, making them better in accuracy than conventional DNNs. These conclusions are verified by experiment using the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets for different DNN configurations. Our FPGA implementation for conventional DNNs and LightNNs confirms all theoretical and simulation results and shows that LightNNs reduce latency and use fewer FPGA resources compared to conventional DNN architectures.
Recovery of an Acid Mine Drainage-Impacted Stream Treated by Steel Slag Leach Beds

The East Branch of Raccoon Creek, Ohio is highly impacted by pre-regulation coal mining and contains 10 steel slag leach beds that passively treat the low pH, and the Fe and Al-rich waters. Water chemistry, sediment chemistry, aquatic macroinvertebrate richness and diversity, habitat quality, and stream gradient were examined along the mainstem and a headwater tributary where multiple treatment systems are located. The stream gradient showed no significant relationship with sediment quality. Higher flows increased instream concentrations of Fe and the portion of suspended Fe in the water column. Macroinvertebrate richness and diversity varied from good to very poor and were negatively correlated with sediment Cu, Fe, Mn, and other water quality parameters such as specific conductivity and total dissolved solids, but were positively correlated with pH.
Further validation of the Genetic Counseling Self‐Efficacy Scale (GCSES): Its relationship with personality characteristics

Demonstrating validity of a tool for genetic counseling self-efficacy could help determine if this is a useful tool for training outcomes or other purposes in the field. The purpose of the current study was to describe the relationship between genetic counseling self-efficacy, measured by scores on the Genetic Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (GCSES), personality characteristics, clinical characteristics, and performance on the American Board of Genetic Counselors (ABGC) board certification examination. Genetic counselors, recruited via email through the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) Student Research Survey Program, completed an online questionnaire that included the GCSES, work locus of control (WLOC) scale, trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and questions related to board examination performance. Higher genetic counseling self-efficacy factor scores for four of six factors were significantly associated with lower WLOC scores indicative of internal locus of control (p's < .05); higher genetic counseling self-efficacy factor scores for all six factors were significantly associated with lower trait anxiety scores (p's < .05). In addition, increased years of experience and providing direct patient care were found to be significantly related to higher scores for all six-factor scores on the GCSES (p's ≤ .05). Multiple linear regression models were performed to assess combined effects of predictor and demographic variables and demonstrated that professional factors were most significantly associated with GCSES factor scores. Findings from the current study provide additional validation for the GCSES and add clarity to the relationships between genetic counseling self-efficacy, personality characteristics, and professional factors. Validation of the GCSES supports the usefulness of this tool as an outcome for genetic counseling training purposes. In addition, the GCSES could be used for self-reflective practice for genetic counselors. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between genetic counseling self-efficacy and genetic counselor competency.
End-of-Range Radiobiological Effect on Rib Fractures in Patients Receiving Proton Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Purpose A prospective trial of proton therapy for breast cancer revealed an increased rib fracture rate of 7%, which is higher than the expected rate based on the literature on photon therapies. We aim to evaluate the hypothesis that the increased relative biological effectiveness (RBE) at the distal edge of proton beams is the cause. Methods and Materials We combined the cohort from the prospective clinical trial and a retrospective cohort from a database. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to recalculate the physical dose and dose-averaged linear energy transfer (LETd). The first 10 ribs and fracture areas in patients with fractures were contoured and deformably registered. The LETd-weighted dose was used as a surrogate for biological effectiveness and compared with the conventional fixed RBE of 1.1. Dose to 0.5 cm3 of the ribs (D0.5) was selected to analyze the dose-response relationship using logistic regression. We chose an alpha/beta ratio of 3 to calculate the biological effective dose in Gy3(RBE). Results Thirteen of 203 patients in the cohorts exhibited a total of 25 fractures. The LETd in fractured areas is increased (6.1 ± 2.0 keV/μm, mean ± standard deviation), suggesting possible end-of-range radiobiological effects with increased RBE. The D0.5 of the fractured ribs is 80.3 ± 9.4 Gy3(RBE) with a generic factor of 1.1 and is relatively low compared with historical photon results. On the other hand, the D0.5 of the fractured ribs is 100.0 ± 12.5 Gy3(RBE) using the LETd-based model with a dose-response curve that is more consistent with historical photon data. Conclusions The increased rib fracture rate seen in our trial is probably associated with the increased LETd and RBE at the distal edge of proton beams. This phenomenon warrants further investigation and possible integration of LETd into treatment planning and optimization in proton therapy.
Thrombosis in hospitalized patients with viral respiratory infections versus COVID-19.

We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses nationwide from 2012 to 2014 and compared this to the incidence among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at a large health system in New York. Non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illness was complicated by acute MI in 2.8% of hospitalizations, VTE in 1.6%, ischemic stroke in 0.7%, and other systemic embolism in 0.1%. The proportion of hospitalizations complicated by thrombosis was lower in patients with viral respiratory illness in 2002-2014 than in COVID-19 (5% vs 16%; P Background Thrombosis is a prominent feature of the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The incidence of thrombosis during hospitalization for non-COVID-19 viral respiratory infections is uncertain. We evaluated the incidence of thrombosis in patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 acute viral respiratory illnesses compared to COVID-19. Methods Adults age >18 years hospitalized with a non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illness between 2002 and 2014 were identified. The primary study outcome was a composite of venous and arterial thrombotic events, including myocardial infarction (MI), acute ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism (VTE), as defined by ICD-9 codes. The incidence of thrombosis in non-COVID-19 viral respiratory illnesses was compared to the recently published incidence of thrombosis in COVID-19 from 3,334 patients hospitalized in New York in 2020. Results Among 954,521 hospitalizations with viral pneumonia from 2002 to 2014 (mean age 62.3 years, 57.1% female), the combined incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis was 5.0%. Acute MI occurred in 2.8% of hospitalizations, VTE in 1.6%, ischemic stroke in 0.7%, and other systemic embolism in 0.1%. Patients with thrombosis had higher in-hospital mortality (14.9% vs 3.3%, P Conclusion In a nationwide analysis of hospitalizations for viral pneumonias, thrombosis risk was lower than that observed in patients with COVID-19. Investigations into mechanisms of thrombosis and risk reduction strategies in COVID-19 and other viral respiratory infections are necessary.
Andean uplift, drainage basin formation, and the evolution of riverweeds (Marathrum, Podostemaceae) in northern South America

Northern South America is a geologically dynamic and species-rich region. While fossil and stratigraphic data show that reconfiguration of river drainages resulted from mountain uplift in the tropical Andes, investigations of the impact of landscape change on the evolution of the flora in the region have been restricted to terrestrial taxa. We explore the role of landscape change on the evolution of plants living strictly in rivers across drainage basins in northern South America by conducting population structure, phylogenomic, phylogenetic networks, and divergence-dating analyses for populations of riverweeds (Marathrum, Podostemaceae). We show that mountain uplift and drainage basin formation isolated populations of Marathrum and created barriers to gene flow across rivers drainages. Sympatric species hybridize and the hybrids show the phenotype of one parental line. We propose that the pattern of divergence of populations reflect the formation of river drainages, which was not complete until
Movement and Survival to Winter Dormancy of Fall-Released Hatchling and Head-Started Yearling Gopher Tortoises

Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) populations are declining throughout the southeastern United States. Range-wide conservation efforts include identifying populations that do not currently meet viability criteria but are suitable candidates for population enhancement. We investigated the potential role of head starting as a recovery tool by releasing hatchling and head-started yearling Gopher Tortoises as pairs (n = 28) into adult burrows in fall and comparing their movements and survival until winter dormancy. Head-started yearlings experienced higher predicted survival than did hatchlings (87.7% vs. 56.5%). Head-started individuals also tended to move greater distances between burrows and established dormancy burrows further from their release burrows, but the differences were not significant. Most individuals of both groups used a small number of closely spaced burrows, although hatchlings took longer than head-started individuals to establish their first burrow (11.3 vs. 4.4 d on average) and a higher proportion were depredated or censored before establishing a burrow (35.7% vs. 10.7%). The paired release design provides strong experimental evidence that head-started yearling Gopher Tortoises experience at least a short-term survival advantage over hatchlings, while exhibiting comparable fidelity to the release site. Soft-release pens were not necessary to promote high site fidelity in our study, but the decision as to whether or not to use them at other release sites may be dictated by the predator community and what is practical to implement. We contend that head starting shows promise as a recovery tool for Gopher Tortoises and that hard releases may be a worthwhile option for managers to consider.
Co-regulation and function of FOXM1 / RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer.

The FOXM1 transcription factor is an oncoprotein and a top biomarker of poor prognosis in human cancer. Overexpression and activation of FOXM1 is frequent in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common and lethal form of human ovarian cancer, and is linked to copy number gains at chromosome 12p13.33. We show that FOXM1 is co-amplified and co-expressed with RHNO1, a gene involved in the ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway that functions in the DNA replication stress response. We demonstrate that FOXM1 and RHNO1 are head-to-head (i.e., bidirectional) genes (BDG) regulated by a bidirectional promoter (BDP) (named F/R-BDP). FOXM1 and RHNO1 each promote oncogenic phenotypes in HGSC cells, including clonogenic growth, DNA homologous recombination repair, and poly-ADP ribosylase inhibitor resistance. FOXM1 and RHNO1 are one of the first examples of oncogenic BDG, and therapeutic targeting of FOXM1/RHNO1 BDG is a potential therapeutic approach for ovarian and other cancers.
The origin and evolution of pollen transport in bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)

Abstract The ability to transport pollen from flowers back to the nest represents a key innovation in the evolution of bees from predatory wasp ancestors. Currently, the origin and evolution of pollen transport remains unsettled. Older hypotheses proposed that crop transport was the original mode of pollen transport, but more recent molecular phylogenies have cast doubt on that view. Instead, more recent hypotheses contend that external transport of dry pollen is ancestral in bees. Here, I propose a new hypothesis to explain the origin and subsequent evolution of pollen transport in bees. I propose that pollen transport arose from adult pollen-feeding behavior and that internal transport of pollen is ancestral in bees. This then led to the evolution of external moist transport, which first required a transition step whereby pollen is temporarily accumulated on the venter on a patch of specialized hairs. Finally, external glazed and dry transport evolved from external moist pollen transport, and the evolution of dry transport led to changes in the location of scopae from the original location on the hind tibia and basitarsus. I illustrate many of these hypothetical evolutionary steps using modern-day bee behavior as an example, with a particular focus on the bee Perdita tortifoliae. Examination of the evolution of pollen transport of pollen wasps (subfamily Masarinae) reveals that they have undergone a parallel evolutionary change. Overall, I lay out a broad hypothetical framework to explain the origin and subsequent evolution of pollen transport in bees. This marks a return to the earlier hypothesis that crop transport is ancestral, and it also represents the first in-depth hypothesis to explain how external transport of moistened pollen could have evolved. The evolutionary history of bees has many implications for the biology of bees in the present day, and I lay out a number of predictions that could help confirm or refute my hypotheses.
Utilizing ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring to reduce conduction related death after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of ambulatory cardiac monitoring (ACM) in detecting delayed advanced conduction abnormalities (DACA) and associated 30-day mortality. BACKGROUND DACA are well-known complications of TAVR and may be associated with post-discharge mortality within 30-days. METHODS Between October 2019 and October 2020, TAVR patients who were discharged home without a permanent pacemaker (PPM) were monitored with an ACM device for 14-days. The incidence of DACA at follow up, mortality and readmission within 30-days were investigated. The risk of DACA was assessed in three patient categories based on a composite of their 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Group I: Normal pre-TAVR, periprocedural, and discharge ECGs. Group II: Normal pre-TAVR and abnormal subsequent ECGs. Group III. Abnormal baseline and abnormal subsequent ECGs. RESULTS Among 340 TAVR patients, 248 were discharged home with an ACM device. The overall incidence of DACA was 7% (n = 17), of whom 4% (n = 10) required a PPM. Mortality and readmission between discharge and 30 days was 0% and 8.3%, respectively. Stratification of patients identified 96 (38.7%) patients in Group I: 50 (20%) in Group II, and 102 (41%) in Group III. The incidence of DACA requiring a PPM was 0% in Group I, 4% (n = 2) in Group II, and 8.5% (n = 8) in Group III (p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS In TAVR patients who were discharged home with ACM, none died between discharge and 30-days. For those with normal baseline, perioperative and discharge ECG, there were no events of DACA at 14-days.
A Victorian Gentleman and Ethiopian Nationalist: The Life and Times of Hakim Wärqenäh, Dr. Charles Martin

This is the first full biography of Hakim Warqenah Eshate, or Dr Charles Martin (1865-1952), who was Ethiopia's first western trained physician as well as a statesman, administrator, diplomat, author and a major progressive force in modern Ethiopian history. Yet he had overlapping identities as a world citizen, citizen of the British empire and Ethiopian nationalist, living in many different countries but never wholly belonging in any one. The child of Ethiopian aristocrats, he was found on the battlefield of Magdala by a British officer and raised and educated in India. First employed in the Indian civil service he subsequently served as a physician to three Ethiopian emperors. The key turning point in his life came with his marriage to an Ethiopian aristocrat, closely related to two Empresses, a marriage which greatly enhanced his influence at court. This is as much a family biography as his biography, and focuses especially on his work as an educator, governor of a model province and, finally, the climax of his career when, as Ethiopian ambassador to England, he was a key international figure in protesting the Italian invasion of Ethiopia and mobilizing world opinion against Italy and for Ethiopia. He became a spokesman for the African diaspora during the 1930s and an Ethiopian elder statesman in the 1940s, and his extended family (and many of those he mentored) had an impact on modern Ethiopian history. The biography is based on Charles Martin's unpublished diary and autobiography and archival research in Ethiopia and Europe. Peter Garretson was educated in Ethiopia (the Sandford School), London (Westminster School and SOAS) and the United States (Haverford College). He has taught at the University of Khartoum, Swarthmore and Florida State University, where he is now Associate Professor of History and Director of the Middle East Center.
Analysis of Sheet Metal Forming to Axisymmetric Shapes

The objective of this study was to develop an analytical method of predicting the stress and strain distribution in a metal sheet formed into a cup or other axially symmetric geometry. The analysis is done using the finite element method based on the deformation theory of plasticity; the elastoplastic computations account for the large deformation associated with sheet forming operations. The theory behind the computer program is discussed in detail. Examples are given of the strain distributions induced in cups drawn to depths comparable with their diameters. The results also give the stresses, thickness changes, and forming force required. Some comparisons between the calculated and measured strains are discussed, and they show good agreement.
Nasal Delivery of Peptide and Nonpeptide Drugs

In recent decades, intranasal drug delivery has shown great promise in various fields of medical practice. Drug delivery via the nasal route offers a number of advantages, such as possibility of needle-free treatment, rapid onset of action, and high bioavailability. This article describes delivery and absorption of drugs by the nasal route and appreciates the factors that may affect it. Keywords: intranasal drug delivery; bioavailability; nasal cavity; nasal vasculature; olfactory mucosa; drug absorption
Resistive Loss and Trans-Impedance Characterization of Nonlinear Transmission Lines on CMOS SOI Substrate

We report the characterization of nonlinear transmission lines (NLTL) implemented with the MIT Lincoln Lab 0.18mum FDSOI (fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator) CMOS process up to 35GHz directly from S-parameter measurements. NLTL interconnect can significantly reduce the effective resistance loss while maintaining comparable inductance, capacitance, and conductance to those of normal interconnect lines in a broadband of frequencies. Hence, the signal integrity in high-speed interconnects can be improved. NLTL also provides a convenient way to tune the transmission-line characteristic impedance for impedance matching at microwave frequencies. Excellent properties of return and insertion losses further illustrate the competitive advantage of the NLTL as the interconnect line on CMOS substrates for system-on-a-chip (SoC) applications