cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Habitat, Phylogeny and the Evolution of Osmoregulatory Strategies in Primitive Fishes

The application of physiological features to phylogenetics has been regarded with enthusiasm by some authors (e.g. Lovtrup, 1977; Lagios, 1979a) while being seriously questioned by others (Simpson, 1960; Scheer, 1964; Hoar, 1983). Without a doubt, many physiological features show such a degree of convergence that they are useless for phylogenetic studies at higher taxonomic levels, whereas other physiological features are sufficiently stable to provide information at least as useful as morphological data. It is difficult to predict a priori whether a particular character will show a high degree of convergence, and this problem is likely to be especially serious for physiological features where the perspective provided by prior use in systematics is generally absent. It is worth noting Nelson’s (1970) contention that the application of characters of a physiological nature to systematics is best accomplished by physiologists who most fully understand the nature of their data and the source of its variability, rather than by the “professional” systematist whose bias towards a particular “system” might prevent the physiological data from acting as a truly independent test of the conventional phylogenetic scheme.
Do fiscal rules dampen the political business cycle

This paper develops and tests the theory that fiscal rules limit politicians' ability to manipulate the budget for electoral gain. Using panel data from the American states, I find evidence suggesting that stringent balanced budget rules dampen the political business cycle. That is, while spending rises before and falls after elections in states that can carry deficits into the next fiscal year, this pattern does not exist in states with strict “no-carry” rules. Neither binding gubernatorial term limits nor the partisan composition of government appear to significantly affect the magnitude of the political business cycle.
The Effects of System Technology and Probability Type on Trust, Compliance, and Reliance:

The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of system technology (binary vs. likelihood) and probability type (false-alarm prone vs. miss-prone) on trust, compliance and reliance using a false alarm forgiving task. One-hundred university students participated in this study. Participants completed three simulated flight missions composed of two primary flight tasks and a secondary engine-monitoring task. During the first mission, participants performed the engine-monitoring task without the aid of an automated alarm system. During the second and third sessions, participants had the opportunity to perform the engine-monitoring task with the aid of an alarm system. Results partially supported our hypotheses. Consistent with prior research, system probability type had a statistically main effect on trust. As expected, system technology and probability type had a statistically significant interaction effect on compliance. However, contrary to our prediction, results showed an unexpected interaction...
A BRIDGE OVER TROUBLED URBAN WATERS

Generating new understandings of the contributions of W. E. B. Du Bois's The Philadelphia Negro (1899) for sociology and social science more generally, this article posits that the urban analysis provided in the book demonstrates how interwoven cultural and economic factors undergird the social organization of urban communities more so than any pragmatic economic pattern or logic. It is the interwoven nature of these factors (defined in this article as the counterintuitive economic logics of the study) that have been insufficiently acknowledged in recent decades of social scientific urban studies research. Exploring the interwoven nature of cultural and economic factors in the sustenance of Philadelphia's Black Seventh Ward, this article suggests that the agency of African Americans is a critical, yet undervalued, aspect of their urban living. This article situates W. E. B. Du Bois as the first of some later voices (mostly within urban ethnography) that offer a corrective and alternative to urban spatial conceptual frameworks that did not and do not fully account for the persistent influence of race and the agency of racial minorities on the landscape of American cities.
T Cell Receptor (TCR) Engagement Leads to Activation-induced Splicing of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Nuclear Pre-mRNA

Inducible gene expression is primarily regulated at the level of transcription. Additional steps of “processing” pre-mRNA, involved in the regulation of induced gene expression, have not been previously reported. Here we report a novel mechanism of “activation-induced splicing” of preexisting tumor necrosis factor (TNF) message (pre-mRNA) in naive T lymphocytes after engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR), which still occurs after inhibition of transcription. Expression of TNF has been previously demonstrated to be regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels. However, neither the large pool of TNF mRNA observed in activated T cells nor TNF protein production, which peaks very shortly after activation, can be solely attributed to increased transcription. Evidence is presented that activation-induced splicing of TNF pre-mRNA plays a significant role in the rapid production of TNF seen in activated T cells. Activation triggers processing of TNF pre-mRNA that has accumulated in naive T cells (before activation-induced transcription), and the mature TNF mRNA is translocated to the cytoplasm for rapid translation and protein production. This novel form of activation-induced splicing of TNF may allow T cells to mount an immediate response to activation stimuli under physiological conditions.
Improving the ratio of memory operations to floating-point operations in loops

Over the past decade, microprocessor design strategies have focused on increasing the computational power on a single chip. Because computations often require more data from cache per floating-point operation than a machine can deliver and because operations are pipelined, idle computational cycles are common when scientific applications are executed. To overcome these bottlenecks, programmers have learned to use a coding style that ensures a better balance between memory references and floating-point operations. In our view, this is a step in the wrong direction because it makes programs more machine-specific. A programmer should not be required to write a new program version for each new machine; instead, the task of specializing a program to a target machine should be left to the compiler.But is our view practical? Can a sophisticated optimizing compiler obviate the need for the myriad of programming tricks that have found their way into practice to improve the performance of the memory hierarchy? In this paper we attempt to answer that question. To do so, we develop and evaluate techniques that automatically restructure program loops to achieve high performance on specific target architectures. These methods attempt to balance computation and memory accesses and seek to eliminate or reduce pipeline interlock. To do this, they estimate statically the balance between memory operations and floating-point operations for each loop in a particular program and use these estimates to determine whether to apply various loop transformations.Experiments with our automatic techniques show that integer-factor speedups are possible on kernels. Additionally, the estimate of the balance between memory operations and computation, and the application of the estimate are very accurate—experiments reveal little difference between the balance achieved by our automatic system that is made possible by hand optimization.
Care of the Morbidly Obese Parturient

� Obesity in the United States is increasing, even epidemic, in prevalence and has a negative impact on the pregnant patient and her fetus, increasing the risk of pregnancy complications and poor pregnancy outcomes. � Obese parturients require a multidisciplinary obstetric care team to manage the many consequent physiologic derangements. � As members of the obstetric care team, anesthesiologists must be aware of the potential metabolic, cardiovascular, neurologic, and respiratory comorbidities. � Balance of the obstetric, maternal, fetal, and anesthetic concerns of these patients can be optimized with early interventions, consultation and education, preparation for potential emergent interventions, and a multidisciplinary approach to both patients: mother and fetus.
Inbound Traffic Load Balancing in BGP Multi-homed Stub Networks

Multihoming load balancing improves network performance by leveraging the traffic among the access links in a multi-homed network. Currently, no effective load balancing system is available to handle the inbound traffic in a BGP multi-homed stub network, where the traffic volume is unknown to the network and the route of the traffic is hard to control. In this paper, we propose ILBO, an inbound traffic load balancing mechanism to effectively balance the inbound traffic in a BGP multi-homed stub network. ILBO predicts and schedules the inbound traffic based on outbound traffic. It also provides an inbound traffic control scheme that can guarantee the successful execution of the traffic scheduling.
FINDERS: a featherlight information network with delay-endurable RFID support

In this paper, we investigate the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) gear for wireless sensor network construction, aiming to find events of interest and gather aggregate information. In particular, we develop a featherlight information network with delay-endurable RFID support (FINDERS), composed of passive RFID tags that are ultralight, durable, and flexible, without power supply for long-lasting applications. FINDERS faces unprecedented challenges in communication and networking due to its sporadic wireless links, unique asymmetric communication paradigm, intermittent computation capability, and extremely small memory of tags. Several effective techniques are proposed to address these challenges, arriving at an efficient communication protocol for FINDERS. A prototype system is developed, and test-bed experiments are carried out with 38 participants and for 9 days, yielding interesting experimental results that offer valuable insights into RFID-based delay-tolerant networks and provide useful practical guidance for the setup of FINDERS systems.
Production of controllable Rb-vapor densities in photonic bandgap fibers

We generate a highly-controlled, optically-dense, and repeatable Rb vapor inside of a hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber using light-induced atomic desorption. Here we present its generation dynamics and use for nonlinear quantum optical applications.
Hybrid model predictive control of induction of Escherichia coli

The lactose regulation system of Escherichia coli is known to exhibit a bistable behavior. The stable states correspond to the phenotypical states of the system, induced and uninduced. Stochastic modeling of the system enables us to reproduce an experimentally observed phenomenon of spontaneous transitions between the induced and uninduced states. The average behavior of a colony of a large number of cells can be accurately described by an abstract model of the system, which is a two state Markov chain. In this paper, we consider a control problem that involves regulating the fraction of induction of a colony of Escherichia coli. We use the abstract model to design a feedback controller based on model predictive control strategy. Upon simulation, we show that the model predictive control is superior to other control strategies that we have designed before, in terms of less fluctuation in the control input and less tracking error.
Layered hidden Markov models for real-time daily activity monitoring using body sensor networks

This paper presents an inferring and training architecture for the long-term and continuously monitoring daily activities using a wearable body sensor network. Energy efficiency and system adaptation to subjects are two of the most important requirements of a body sensor network. This paper proposes a two-layered hidden Markov model (HMM) architecture for in-network data processing to achieve energy efficiency and model individualization. The bottom-layer HMM is used to preprocess the sensor readings locally at each wireless sensor node to significantly reduce the amount of data to be transmitted. The top-layer HMM is utilized to find the activity sequence from the result of this local preprocessing. This approach is energy efficient in that only the results of the decoding procedure in each node need to be transmitted rather than the raw sensor readings; therefore, the volume of transmitting data is significantly reduced.
Gender, identity, and the political economy of language: Anglophone wives in Tunisia

Using the frameworks of the political economy of language, and of language use as acts of identity, this study attempts to describe and analyze the situation of natively anglophone wives living with their Tunisian husbands in Tunisia – a speech community characterized by Arabic diglossia and Arabic/French bilingualism. Particular attention is devoted to these women's beliefs about using Tunisian Arabic (TA), the native language of their husbands, and the ways in which access to TA or the use of it becomes a site of conflict between husbands and wives, or mothers and children, in these mixed marriages. (Gender, identity, political economy of language, ideology, Tunisia, Arabic, francophonie, diglossia, code-switching, bilingualism, multilingualism, family relations)
The Future Of Online Courses: How To Win The Marketing War

Many colleges are looking to online education to improve their revenue stream. Competition for online students is escalating. Designing online courses like video games can help win the marketing war.
Family-planning risk-scoring system: updated

A 1-page check-off form that can be used to evaluate a womans risk factors for oral contraceptives IUD or diaphragm and spermicide and provide a permanent health record of the evaluation has been revised to reflect lower-dose pills and new information. Each risk factor is assigned points in columns under each contraceptive method so that a score of 10 suggests that a contraindication may exist against that method. Some of the changes for orals are lower scores for age >40 unless other risk factors co-exist especially smoking. Liver disease hepatitis and gall bladder disease were eliminated but liver tumors endometrial cancer and cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy were each given 10 points. Scores were altered slightly for chloasma hemoglobinopathies hypertension and diabetes. Scores for the diaphragm were lowered for pelvic relaxation risk but 5 points were introduced for history of urinary tract infection. For IUDs multiple sexual partners and abnormal bleeding are added as risks.
GIS as Media

In early 2012, Google announced Project Glass, a device worn as glasses that augments the user’s vision through communication with the user’s mobile device. The glasses display images for the user’s eyes and listens for audible commands. In a promotional video released by Google to announce the device (2012), the user navigates urban spaces augmented by the device, including city streets, the public transportation network, and even the internal, private spaces of a bookstore. While moving around the city, the user takes phone calls and responds to instant messages, taking photos of what he sees and enters into a video chat. The device functions through minimal gestures and human interaction, responding through voice commands and the framing of the user’s gaze. Project Glass anticipates a future where the seemingly immaterial online spaces created through the internet are made material through embodied manifestations of the mobile user. In this present future, media are both social and spatial, and understanding the phenomenality of life requires hybrid approaches and new conceptual footings.
Adult‐onset respiratory insufficiency, scoliosis, and distal joint hyperlaxity in patients with multiminicore disease due to novel Megf10 mutations

Introduction Multiminicore disease is a congenital myopathy characterized pathologically by the presence of multiple minicore structures in the sarcoplasm. Mutations in the selenoprotein N1-encoding gene (SEPN1) and ryanodine receptor 1-encoding gene (RYR1) are responsible for half of the reported cases. Mutations in multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 10-encoding gene (MEGF10) have been identified only recently in a few patients with antenatal to infantile-onset myopathy, with and without minicore pathology. Methods We report 2 sisters with adult-onset respiratory insufficiency followed by development of limb weakness. Both had scoliosis, distal joint hyperlaxity, and high-arched feet. Results A biopsy of the right triceps muscle in 1 sister showed multiple minicore structures. She had electromyographic changes of myopathy with fibrillation potentials and myotonic discharges. Next generation sequencing identified novel compound heterozygous missense variants in MEGF10 c.230G>A (p.Arg77Gln) and c.1833T>G (p.Cys611Trp) in both sisters. Conclusions MEGF10 mutations can cause myopathy with adult-onset respiratory insufficiency. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 53: 984-988, 2016.
Methodology for Study of Isolated Perfused Dog Kidney in Situ

Early in the history of renal physiology, investigators resorted to the isolated blood perfused kidney technique to try and unravel the complex determinants of renal function. The pump perfused isolated kidney technique of Richards and Drinker (1915) and the heart-lung-kidney preparation of Starling and Verney (1925) testify to the high level of sophistication and ingenuity in isolated organ perfusion achieved by investigators of that period. Considering the materials and equipment available, the limited success of these workers in attaining a viable isolated kidney preparation is all the more remarkable. Over the ensuing 50 years, the quest for developing an isolated perfused kidney preparation whose function approximates that of the normal kidney has continued with some, albeit incomplete, success. Nevertheless, the state of the art has reached the point where it is possible, using these techniques, to address certain questions pertaining to renal physiology that cannot be approached or totally resolved by study of the intact kidney. This chapter details three techniques of in situ isolated dog kidney perfusion, the functional characteristics of the preparation, and their experimental application. The term in situ is here broadly defined to include those techniques in which the circulation of the isolated kidney communicates directly or indirectly with the circulation of the dog.
Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of a Fan-Shaped Film Cooled Concave Composite Plate

In this paper, the thermal-flow field characteristics on film cooled concave composite plate with double-rows of fan-shaped staggered injection holes are discussed at different diffuse angles based on computational fluid dynamics and both adiabatic model and conjugate heat transfer model are considered. Governing equations adopted in this paper is steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stoke’s equations of steady state and turbulence model is two-equations standard κ-e model. To investigate the influences of hole configuration and blowing ratio on heat transfer distribution on the concave composite plate surface, four blowing ratios ranged from 0.5 to 2.0 and three diffuse angles of fan-shaped holes which are 8 o , 15 o and 21 o are tested. Simulation results show that the effect of blowing ratio on streamwise distribution of laterally-averaged film cooling effectiveness over the concave composite plate decreases monotonically in both adiabatic model and conjugate heat transfer model. At the same blowing ratio, film cooling effectiveness close to double-rows of jets increases as the diffuse angle increases, which indicates that diffuse angle design can intensify lateral jet flow on the concave surface. If the blowing ratio is higher than 1.0, none of the three diffuse-angle designs can avoid the lift-off phenomena of coolant jet flow. By further comparing the film cooling effectiveness distribution on the concave composite plate at the same blowing ratio between conjugate heat transfer model and adiabatic model, it is discovered that film cooling effectiveness at any position is higher in conjugate heat transfer model because it takes the internal cooling heat convection effect into consideration. Among the tested parameter combinations, area-averaged film cooling effectiveness is the highest when the diffuse angle of the fan-shaped jet hole is 21 o and the blowing ratio is 1.0.
Drug Therapy in Patients With Impaired Renal Function

The rational use of drugs in the management of patients with renal insufficiency and its complications is contingent on comprehension and application of the basic pharmacologic principles governing drug disposition. Most pharmacologic agents can be used if dosages are modified as necessary and the specific adverse effects of each compound are anticipated.
Perfusion and Volume Response of Canine Brain Tumors to Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Radiotherapy.

Author(s): Zwingenberger, AL; Pollard, RE; Taylor, SL; Chen, RX; Nunley, J; Kent, MS | Abstract: BackgroundStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) are highly conformal, high-dose radiation treatment techniques used to treat people and dogs with brain tumors.ObjectivesTo evaluate the response to SRS- and SRT-treated tumors using volume and perfusion variables and to measure the survival times of affected dogs.AnimalsProspective study of 34 dogs with evidence of brain tumors undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT).MethodsComputed tomography and MRI imaging were used to calculate tumor volume and perfusion at baseline, and at 3nmonths and 6nmonths after treatment. Survival analysis was performed to evaluate treatment efficacy.ResultsMean tumor volume significantly declined from baseline to the first recheck by -0.826ncm(3) (95% CI: -1.165, -0.487) (Pnln.001); this reduction was maintained at the second recheck. Blood flow and blood volume declined significantly in the tumor after treatment. Median survival was 324ndays (95% CI: 292.8, 419.4), and 4 dogs survived longer than 650ndays. Neither actual tumor volume (hazard ration=n1.21, Pn=n.19) nor the change in tumor volume from the baseline (hazard ration=n1.38, Pn=n.12) significantly affected the hazard of death because of the tumor.Conclusions and clinical importanceStereotactic radiosurgery and SRT are effective treatments for reducing tumor volume, blood flow, and blood volume. Treated dogs surviving for more than 1nyear are more likely to die from other causes than of their primary brain tumor. SRS and SRT should be considered for noninvasive treatment of intracranial brain tumors.
On the Overall Control of Beijing Real Estate Industry

The Beijing real estate industry has got great development in recent years,but it has some problems at the same time,such as overbuilding of the houses,unreasonable structure of supply,ect.The government needs to strengthen the overall control and Beijing real estate can get continued development.
Experimental Study on Hardness Change after Aging and Creep Life Prediction

Hardness is an important index to measure aging degree of the materials.Aiming at change of T92 ferrite steel's hardness after high temperature aging,a detail experimental research and analysis were made in this paper;the change reason of hardness was summarized.The paper has also discussed a new method to extrapolate creep-life based on the hardness,and extrapolated the creep-life of T92 steel combine with experimental data.
Partial productivity of linguistic constructions: Dynamic categorization and statistical preemption

Grammatical constructions are typically partially but not fully productive, which leads to a conundrum for the learner. When can a construction be extended for use with new words and when can it not? The solution suggested here relies on two complementary processes. The first is dynamic categorization: as learners record the statistics of their language, they implicitly categorize the input on the basis of form and function. On the basis of this categorization process, general semantic and phonological constraints on productivity emerge, and productivity is to a large extent determined by the degree to which the category is well attested by similar exemplars. Occasionally, a semantically sensical and phonologically well-formed instance of a well-attested construction is simply not fully acceptable. It is suggested that a process of statistical preemption is at work in these cases: learners avoid using a construction if an alternative formulation has been systematically witnessed instead. The mechanism proposed for statistical preemption is competition-driven learning: when two competitors are activated but one reliably wins, the loser becomes less accessible over time. In this way, the paradox of partial productivity can be resolved.
Sacral intervertebral approach for epidural anaesthesia in infants and children: application of "drip and tube" method.

Sacral intervertebral approach to the epidural space was introduced as an alternative to the caudal approach in infants and children in 1987. We performed single-shot epidural anaesthesia in 200 infants and children with this approach using the "drip and tube" method for identification of the epidural space. Identification of the epidural space was marked by commencement of dripping in the chamber of a micro-drip infusion set which was connected to the epidural needle. With the i.v. extension tube, local anaesthetic solution was injected by the "immobile needle" technique. Overall success rate of the block was 96%. This approach to the epidural space is anatomically easy in infants and children, and application of our "drip and tube" method might make the paediatric single-shot epidural anaesthesia safer and more successful.
Politics and political behavior: Where else do we go from here?

In this paper, we explore a number of politics-related issues that are raised in the extensive review by Ferris, Adams, Kolodinsky, Hockwarter, and Ammeter (this volume). In some cases, we have attempted to add important details (e.g. providing possible scale items to tap positive politics across multiple levels of the organization) and, in other cases, we have applied different viewpoints to identify alternative possibilities (e.g. the role of performance as a predictor of political perceptions). In all cases, we offer propositions to foster future politics-focused research.
Courtship, Mating, Marriage, and Parenting

This chapter discusses the social compromises and pattern that have been seen in contemporary human societies, both traditional and modern. The social changes were attributable to the new value systems of each new generation as it reached sexual maturity. But there have been changes in the sexual behavior and attitudes of individuals over time. This adaptive flexibility is one of the hallmarks of the species and among the most important of behaviors and institutions that adapt are those relating to sex and mating. This chapter also looks at human sexual diversity and flexibility throughout evolution. In humans, harem defense polygyny is sometimes hard to distinguish from resource defense and female-choice polygyny. It is clear that men who have multiple wives or concubines are generally the same men who have significant assets of property and other valuables, but sometimes this is because rich and powerful men are able to attract women into mutually agreed-upon polygamous unions, while in other instances polygamy is coerced. A history of “mild polygyny” also helps to explain some of the patterns seen in human sex ratios. In some cultures throughout history and even today, rape has been one way of obtaining a sexual partner or even a mate. “Marriage by rape” is not an uncommon practice. Marriage by abduction was a practice that continued well into this century. As a consequence of changing social norms and policies, marriage by rape has all but disappeared. Perhaps this example, as much as any other, can serve to show that biology is not destiny and that culture, as well as the gene pool, continually evolves.
Hardware security assurance in emerging IoT applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) offers a more advanced service than a single device or an isolated system, as IoT connects diverse components, such as sensors, actuators, and embedded devices through the internet. As predicted by Cisco, there will be 50 billion IoT connected devices by 2020. Integration of such a tremendous number of devices into IoT potentially brings in a new concern, system security. In this work, we review two typical hardware attacks that can harm the emerging IoT applications. As IoT devices typically have limited computation power and need to be energy efficient, sophisticated cryptographic algorithms and authentication protocols are not suitable for every IoT device. To simultaneously thwart hardware Trojan and side-channel analysis attacks, we propose a low-cost dynamic permutation method for IoT devices. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 5.8X higher accumulated partial guessing entropy than the baseline, thus strengthening the IoT processing unit against hardware attacks.
Generalized Integrated Interleaved Codes

Generalized integrated interleaved codes refer to two-level Reed-Solomon codes, such that each code of the nested layer belongs to different subcode of the first-layer code. In this paper, we first devise an efficient decoding algorithm by ignoring first-layer miscorrection and by intelligently reusing preceding results during each iteration of a decoding attempt. Neglecting first-layer miscorrection also enables to explicitly and neatly formulate the decoding failure probability. We next derive an erasure correcting algorithm for redundant arrays of independent disks systems. We further construct an algebraic systematic encoding algorithm, which had been open. Analogously, we propose a novel generalized integrated interleaving scheme over binary Bose-Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes, reveal a lower bound on the minimum distance, and derive a similar encoding and decoding algorithm as those of Reed-Solomon codes.
The MSIIA Experiment: Using Speech to Enhance Human Performance on a Cognitive Task

We performed an exploratory study to examine the effects of speech-enabled input on a cognitive task involving analysis and annotation of objects in aerial reconnaissance videos. We added speech to an information fusion system to allow for hands-free annotation in order to examine the effect on efficiency, quality, task success, and user satisfaction. We hypothesized that speech recognition could be a cognitive-enabling technology by reducing the mental load of instrument manipulation and freeing up resources for the task at hand.
Aging with HIV in the ART era

In the current era of therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), life expectancy for persons living with HIV (PLWH) approaches that of the general population. This newly prolonged survival among PLWH is associated with an increased prevalence of comorbidities due to the inflammation, immune activation and immune senescence associated with HIV infection. Higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use, co-infection with viral hepatitis and traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia contribute as well. In this review, we hope to describe the current comorbidities occurring among PLWH and bring increased awareness for conditions that may otherwise not be considered given the younger age at time of presentation.
Regular Sampling on Metabelian Nilpotent Lie Groups: The Multiplicity-Free Case

Let N be a simply connected, connected non-commutative nilpotent Lie group with Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{n}\) having rational structure constants. We assume that \(N = P \rtimes M,\) M is commutative, and for all \(\lambda \in \mathfrak{n}^{{\ast}}\) in general position the subalgebra \(\mathfrak{p} =\log (P)\) is a polarization ideal subordinated to λ (\(\mathfrak{p}\) is a maximal ideal satisfying \([\mathfrak{p},\mathfrak{p}] \subseteq \ker \lambda\) for all λ in general position and \(\mathfrak{p}\) is necessarily commutative.) Under these assumptions, we prove that there exists a discrete uniform subgroup Γ ⊂ N such that L2(N) admits band-limited spaces with respect to the group Fourier/Plancherel transform which are sampling spaces with respect to Γ. We also provide explicit sufficient conditions which are easily checked for the existence of sampling spaces. Sufficient conditions for sampling spaces which enjoy the interpolation property are also given. Our result bears a striking resemblance with the well-known Whittaker-Kotel’nikov-Shannon sampling theorem.
The blessings of business: how corporations shaped conservative Christianity, by Darren E. Grem, New York, Oxford University Press, 2016, xvi + 290 pp., US$34.95 (hardback), ISBN 978 019 992797 5

In the months leading up to the United States’ 2016 presidential election, observers, analysts, and pollsters wrangled with the unlikely ascent of Donald Trump to the Republican nomination. Of part...
Abstract 16935: Underuse of Cardiovascular Prevention and Lifestyle Counseling in Peripheral Artery Disease

Introduction: Previous studies suggest that cardiovascular prevention medications are underutilized in the setting of peripheral artery disease. Using nationally representative data, we sought to evaluate trends in the medical therapy and lifestyle counseling of PAD in the United States from 2005 through 2012. Methods: Data from 1,982 outpatient visits among patients with PAD were obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), a nationally representative assessment of office-based and hospital outpatient department practice. We assessed trends in medication use (antiplatelet therapy [aspirin and/or clopidogrel], statins, cilostazol, and ACE-Inhibitors [ACE-I] or Angiotensin receptor blockers [ARB]) and lifestyle counseling (exercise or diet counseling and smoking cessation). Results: Over the 8-year period, the average annual number of ambulatory visits in the U.S. for PAD was 3,883,665. Across all visits, mean age was 69.2 years, 51.8% were female and 56.6% were Non-Hispanic white. Comorbid coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 24.3% of visits. Medication use for cardiovascular prevention and symptoms of claudication was low: any antiplatelet therapy in 35.7% (standard error [SE] 2.7), statin 33.1% (SE, 2.4), ACE-I/ARB 28.4% (SE, 2.0), and cilostazol in 4.7% (SE, 1.0) of visits. Exercise or diet counseling was used in 22% (SE, 2.3) of visits. Among current smokers with PAD, smoking cessation counseling or medication was used in 35.8% (SE, 4.6) of visits. There was no significant change in medication use or lifestyle counseling over time. Compared to visits for patients with PAD alone, comorbid PAD and CAD were more likely to be prescribed antiplatelet therapy (OR 2.6 [1.8-3.9]), statins (OR 2.6 [1.8-3.9]), ACE-I/ARB (OR 2.6 [1.8-3.9]), and counseled for smoking cessation (OR 4.4 [2.0-9.6]). Conclusions: The use of guideline recommended therapies in patients with PAD was much lower than expected. These data highlight a clear opportunity to improve the quality of care in this high-risk group of patients.
Large-Scale Photometric Asymmetry in Galaxy Spin Patterns

Spin patterns of spiral galaxies can be broadly separated into galaxies with clockwise (Z-wise) patterns and galaxies with counterclockwise (S-wise) spin patterns. While the differences between these patterns are visually noticeable, they are a matter of the perspective of the observer, and therefore in a sufficiently large universe no other differences are expected between galaxies with Z-wise and S-wise patterns. Here, large datasets of spiral galaxies separated by their spin patterns are used to show that spiral galaxies with Z-wise spin patterns are photometrically different from spiral galaxies with S-wise patterns. That asymmetry changes based on the direction of observation, such that the observed asymmetry in one hemisphere is aligned with the inverse observed asymmetry in the opposite hemisphere. The results are consistent across different sky surveys (SDSS and PanSTARRS) and analysis methods. The proximity of the most probable asymmetry axis to the galactic pole suggests that the asymmetry might be driven by relativistic beaming. Annotated data from SDSS and PanSTARRS are publicly available.
Abstract 16279: Measurements of ROS in Subcellular Compartments in Adult Cardiomyocytes in a Model of Heart Failure and Sudden Cardiac Death

Intro: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are central to the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the effects of ROS depend on where and how ROS are generated. Inves...
The Impact of Competitiveness on Consumer Responses to Comparative Advertisements

We examine the impact of consumers' competitive tendencies on responses to comparative advertising appeals and the underlying role of schadenfreude: pleasure derived from the misfortunes of others....
Relationship between office-based provider visits and emergency department encounters among publicly-insured adults with epilepsy

Abstract Introduction The proportion of adults with epilepsy using the emergency department (ED) is high. Among this patient population, increased frequency of office-based provider visits may be associated with lesser frequency of ED encounters, and key patient features may be linked to more ED encounters. Methods We analyzed the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component (MEPS-HC) dataset for years 2003–2014, which represents a weighted sample of 842,249 publicly-insured US adults aged ≥ 18 years. The Hurdle Poisson model that accommodates excess zeros was used to estimate the association between office-based and ED visits. Results Annual mean ED and office-based visits for publicly-insured adults with epilepsy were 0.70 and 10.8 respectively. Probability of at least one ED visit was 0.4% higher for every unit of office-based visit. Individuals in the high income category were less likely to visit the ED at least once while women with epilepsy had a higher likelihood of visiting the ED at least once. Among those who visited the ED at least once, there was a 0.3% higher likelihood of visiting the ED for every unit of office-based visit. Among individuals who visited the ED at least once, being aged 45–64 years, residing in the West, and the year 2011/14 were associated with higher ED visits. Conclusion In this representative sample of publicly-insured adults with epilepsy, higher frequency of office visits was not associated with lower ED utilization, which may be due to underlying greater disease severity or propensity for more treatment complications.
Application of Streamflow Reconstruction to Water Resources Management

Streamflow reconstruction—the statistical augmentation of streamflow time series using tree-ring data—has been increasingly applied as a planning and research tool in water resources studies over the past few decades. Streamflow reconstruction in North America has evolved from a largely qualitative science in the first half of the twentieth century into a highly quantitative science that draws heavily on probabilistic theory. The historical development of streamflow reconstruction from a western United States perspective is reviewed, with an emphasis on developments of the last 30 years. Contributions to the study of water resources are discussed. Temporal extension of gauge flow records is the central contribution of the paleo record, but the statistical summary of those records and their manner of presentation are important factors in determining the value to water resources management. Probabilistic interpretations of flow reconstructions are needed because of uncertainty stemming both from limitations of the basic data and from the reconstruction process itself. Case studies are presented for the Colorado River, at the large spatial scale, and for the water-supply region of a metropolitan area—Denver, Colorado—at the smaller scale. Interaction of the tree-ring scientists with water managers and the public is a hallmark of modern applied reconstruction studies. Aspects receiving increased attention are the extent to which seasonal flows can be resolved, and how water managers and planners concerned with future conditions can overlay impacts of expected climate change on the natural hydroclimatic variability of the past as reflected in the tree-ring record.
Microbial Ecology of Constructed Wetlands Used for Treating Pulp Mill Wastewater

Objectives were to evaluate microbial populations in two free-water surface (FWS) constructed wetland cells receiving secondary treated pulp-mill wastewater, identify the microorganisms having decomposition activity of selected organic substances and discuss diversity of actinomycetes isolated from soil, plant and wastewater samples. The populations of microorganisms in soil samples in the two wetland cells showed similar size in both cells; 6–7 × 106 cfu/g, 0.7–1.0 × 10 6 cfu/g, and 0.8–1.0 × 10 4 cfu/g, respectively, for total bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. The population of bacteria in wastewater was similar in size to bacteria isolated from soil, but those of actinomycetes and fungi exhibited a very small size: 2–3 × 10 3 cfu/ml and only about 10 cfu/ml, respectively. In the populations on the surface of bulrush stems, the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi found on the top portion of the stems was 4 × 10 5 cfu/cm2, 1.4 × 10 3 cfu/cm2 and 0.5 × 10 2 cfu/cm2, respectively. Actinomycetes and fungi occurred in very low numbers on the bottom of stems. More than 90% of actinomycetes isolated from the wetland cells had amylase activity, and 60 and 25% of them had chitinase and xylanase activity, respectively. Approximately 70 and 50% of fungi had protease and amylase activities, respectively. Fungi also had xylanase activity in about 40% of isolates. On the other hand, about 40% of bacteria exhibited protease activity, but a very low proportion of them had chitinase and xylanase activities. The number of actinomycete species isolated from wastewater and the surface of plant stems was restricted in comparison to that of actinomycetes isolated from soil.
Photocontrolled Growth of Cross-Linked Nanonetworks

We report the preparation of photoresponsive nanomaterials and the increase of their nanoscopic size through a “photogrowth” mechanism. The photogrowable nanonetworks (PGNNs) were synthesized by cross-linking two components, a thiolated acrylate copolymer and a symmetrical bismaleimide trithiocarbonate (TTC), utilizing thiol-maleimide click chemistry. With this strategy, nanonetwork growth was achieved through a photoinduced polymerization from the integrated trithiocarbonate by either direct photolysis or photoredox catalysis. Via direct photolysis, we generated a series of expanded particles by polymerizing methyl acrylate (MA) under irradiation with violet light (400 nm) over a period of 1, 3, and 6 h, starting from a 58 nm parent particle, resulting in particles of increased sizes of 77, 156, and 358 nm, respectively. Nanoparticle expansion reactions catalyzed by 10-phenylphenothiazine (PTH) were experienced to progress faster in 20 and 30 min to reach particle sizes of 195 and 300 nm. The addition of...
Convex Bilevel Programming

Of the algorithms presented in Chapter 5 for finding global minima of linear bilevel programs, the Kuhn-Tucker approach [B11], the variable elimination method [H1], and the complementarity approach [J4] are the most efficient and robust developed to date. These algorithms can be readily extended to solve the linear-quadratic case where the functions F, G and g are linear, and the function f is strictly convex quadratic.
Improved Methodology for Inspection Reliability Assessment for Detecting Synthetic Hard Alpha Inclusions in Titanium

This paper presents a progress report on the development of model-based methodology to estimate Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) capability. Previous work on this project was reported in Meeker et al. [3, 4]. The methodology uses combinations of physical modeling of an inspection process, along with laboratory and production data, to estimate Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) capability. The methodology is based on a physical/statistical prediction model and will be used to predict NDE capability in terms of Probability of Detection (POD), Probability of False Alarm (PFA), Probability of Indication (POI) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The physical model explains and allow predictions for the effects of making changes to the inspection setup (e.g. transducer properties and scan increment). The statistical/empirical model will quantify unexplained variability, adjust for potential model bias, and provide a means for obtaining corresponding uncertainty intervals. The work has been motivated by the need for methods to predict ultrasonic (UT) inspection POD for detecting hard-alpha and other subsurface flaws in titanium using gated peak detection. This is a challenging problem because the inspection must detect very complex subsurface flaws in the presence of significant “material” noise. The underlying framework of the methodology should, however, be general enough to apply to other NDE methods. This paper describes recent work based on application of the new methodology to the detection of synthetic hard alpha flaws in titanium alloys. In particular we describe and illustrate methods to assess the effect that changes in scan plans and gate width will have on POD.
Parental Attitudes and Beliefs About Preschooler Preventive Oral Health Behaviors: Implications for Health Promotion.

Dental caries affects 60–90% of school-aged children, with non-Hispanic Black children among those disproportionately affected. This study seeks to examine the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of Black parents about preventive measures against caries for their preschool children (3–5 years). Parents of Black preschool children in Miami-Dade County (n = 192) completed an oral health survey measuring oral health attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze attitudes, beliefs and favorable oral health behaviors. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between parental oral health attitudes and beliefs and their children’s oral health behaviors. Most of the parents reported positive attitudes with regards to sugar snacking (81%), brushing child’s teeth (88%), attitude to prevention (85%), and perceived seriousness of decay (91%). Parental oral health attitudes were independently associated with children’s preventive oral health behaviors (p < 0.05). Parental education should be included in interventions geared towards improving children’s oral health.
Laura Ingalls Wilder, Farm Journalist: Writings from the Ozarks

Review of: "Laura Ingalls Wilder, Farm Journalist: Writings from the Ozarks," by Laura Ingalls Wilder (edited by Stephen W. Hines).
Emerging Therapeutic Approaches to Overcome Breast Cancer Endocrine Resistance

Antiestrogen therapies have been a staple treatment option for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients for many decades, but resistance remains a major obstacle for continued successful treatment. In this chapter, we will discuss the preclinical and clinical research advancement in the development of novel strategies to overcome breast cancer endocrine resistance. We will focus on the current successes and emerging future developments in targeting growth signaling pathways (i.e., CDK4/6, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and IGF-1) and ER cofactors such as SRC family cofactors and Mediator Subunit 1 (MED1) using small molecules, antibodies, and RNA nanotechnology. We will also provide future perspective for other potential novel therapeutic targets such as epigenetic modification, noncoding RNAs, immunotherapy, etc. and the expansion of therapeutic options in endocrine-resistant breast cancers.