cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of precipitation of Mg2Al3 and of MnAl6 on texture evolution during isothermal annealing and subsequently on formability of CC AA5182 Al alloy

Abstract Continuous cast (CC) AA5182 Al alloy with the precipitation of Mg2Al3 and of MnAl6 was cold rolled to 70% reduction and then isothermally annealed in a salt bath at three temperatures (316, 343, and 371 °C) for different times. Texture evolution during recrystallization was investigated. It was found that the recrystallization textures of the material with intense Mg2Al3 precipitation along the grain boundaries exhibited weaker Cube, Goss and R/β fiber components than those of the material with the more uniform fine MnAl6 precipitates. The opposite was true in the cold rolled condition, i.e. the material with MnAl6 precipitation had weaker Cube, Goss, and R/β fiber components in the cold rolled condition than the material with intense Mg2Al3 precipitation. Thus, recrystallization textures of material with Mg2Al3 precipitation were weaker than material with MnAl6 precipitation. This is due to the fact that large Mg2Al3 particles favor the nucleation of randomly oriented grains. When subjected to formability tests, the material with prior Mg2Al3 precipitation displayed a lower anisotropy in tensile yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and strain hardening exponent than material with prior MnAl6 precipitation. This is in accord with the texture results which indicated that the recrystallization textures of material with an initial Mg2Al3 precipitation were closer to those of a perfectly random sample than those of material with an initial MnAl6 precipitation. On the other hand, the elongation and Olsen values were lower and the surface quality after bending tests was worse for material with Mg2Al3 precipitation. This is due to the non-uniform distribution of Mg2Al3 particles which precipitated primarily along the grain boundaries and caused an earlier formation and coalescence of the microvoids around the grain boundary precipitates. The forming limit diagrams (FLD) correlated well with the tensile, Olsen and bending results.
Inhibition of cholera toxin-stimulated intestinal epithelial cell adenylate cyclase by adenosine analogs.

SummaryThe ability of various adeno-sine analogs to inhibit cholera toxin activation of the intestinal epithelial cell adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system was investigated. After incubation of cells with cholera toxin for 6 hr, large increases in cellular cyclic AMP content were observed. Addition of 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine during the last 30 min of this 6-hr incubation resulted in 70% reduction in elevated cyclic AMP content. Other analogs were not effective inhibitors. 2′,5′-Dideoxyadenosine was also a potent inhibitor of cholera toxin-activated intestinal cell adenylate cyclase activity with half-maximal inhibition occuring at 16 μM. NaF-stimulated cyclase was less susceptible to inhibition. The data suggest that inhibition by 2′,5′-dideoxyadenosine is due at least in part to direct inhibition of the cholera toxin-activated intestinal adenylate cyclase activity.
Intelligence and Organization in Memory Scanning for Trigrams

Subjects high (mean IQ 117) and moderate (mean IQ 104) in IQ scanned their memories for either sets of letters or trigrams. The trigrams were either (a) organized, i.e., the positive set items were either all straight or all curved letters, or (b) unorganized, i.e., there was no such pattern. Results showed no IQ-related differences in scanning for letters or trigrams, either organized or unorganized. Subjects in the organized condition responded faster to negative than positive set trigrams, indicating that subjects in this condition were using two separate and hierarchical comparison stages. The first comparison involved the spatial characteristics of the trigrams; if the probe was in the curved trigram category and the positive set items were in the straight trigram category, then a negative response was emitted. But if this comparison was positive, then a further comparison search was made to determine if that specific trigram was a member of the positive set. The results seem to be inconsistent with ...
COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A TWO-SECTION POROUS BURNER

In this study, experiments and computations were conducted on a two-section porous burner operated on propane/air and methane/air mixtures. The burner consisted of an upstream section of reticulated yttria-stabilized zirconia with 23.6 pores per centimeter (ppc) and a downstream section of 3.9 ppc. Measurements of axial and radial temperatures, pressure drop, and emissions levels were recorded. The predictions from a one-dimensional transient mathematical model with full chemistry were compared to experimental results. Both computations and experiments showed that the stable operating range increases with equivalence ratio. The predicted upper limit agrees well with experiments but the lower limit is somewhat overpredicted. The average temperature in the exhaust stream increases with both inlet velocity and equivalence ratio and is relatively uniform across the burner. Pressure drop is much greater for reacting flows than cold flow and generally increases with inlet velocity. Measured levels of unburned h...
Self‐diffusion of carbon and oxygen in dolomite

Self-diffusion of carbon and oxygen in dolomite was measured by isotopic exchange with CO2 at 645-785 C at 120-935 bars pressure. Several runs were also made with calcite under comparable experimental conditions. The principal findings of this study are that (1) the self-diffusion coefficients of both carbon and oxygen in dolomite are approximately 100 times larger than the values in calcite over the temperature range investigated and (2) oxygen self-diffusion in calcite is accelerated by high CO2 pressure.
Molecular Pathology of Cerebral Ischemia: Delayed Gene Expression and Strategies for Neuroprotection

The evidence reviewed in this paper suggests that molecular and cellular events occurring in the late stages of cerebral ischemia (> 6 h) play an important role in the evolution of ischemic brain damage. We focused our inquiry on two inflammation-related genes iNOS and COX-2. iNOS is expressed in inflammatory and vascular cells in the post-ischemic brain. Pharmacological inhibition of iNOS activity ameliorates ischemic damage, whereas knockout mice lacking the iNOS gene are relatively protected from the consequences of cerebral ischemia. COX-2 is expressed in neurons at the infarct border and inhibition of COX-2 activity improves ischemic brain damage. These results indicate that expression of iNOS and COX-2 contributes to the late stages of ischemic brain damage. Consequently, inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 could be a valuable addition to treatment strategies for ischemic stroke. Most efforts to date have targeted the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. Inhibition of iNOS or COX-2 offers the prospect of treatments directed to the late stages of the damage. However, additional preclinical studies would be necessary before these new treatment strategies can be tested in human stroke.
Lifestyle Alternatives: Development and Evaluation of an Attitude Scale.

Home economics teachers need a valid and reliable attitude scale with which to deter mine changes in students' beliefs as they learn how to live a voluntarily simpler lifestyle. Such behaviors as recycling, home production of goods, conservation of nature, and sharing of skills are part of this lifestyle. One hundred and twenty Likert items con cerning Voluntary Simplicity were built. Factor analysis of 236 students' replies resulted in a seven factor instrument. When answers of known groups who were living and not living the lifestyle were analyzed, reliabilities (coefficient alpha) were found from 0.3 to 0.9 for each of the factors. Significant Mann-Whitney U's (p ≤ 0.01) were found between groups for six of the seven factors, with differences in the expected direction. Discriminant analysis was also performed in order to assess the predictive validity of the instrument.
An insect growth inhibitor fromTrichilia roka (Meliaceae)

A limonoid ‘sendanin’ has been identified by spectroscopic data in the fresh fruit of a tropical tree,Trichilia roka (Meliaceae). It has an insect growth inhibitory activity against 4 important cotton insect pests. The absolute configuration of sendanin has been proposed based on CD-data.
The crystal field environment of divalent manganese in calcium halophosphates

Abstract The crystal field splitting of divalent manganese has been measured at both calcium sites in single crystals of fluorapatite, chlorapatite, and in mixed crystals of haloapatite. Each EPR spectrum which has been observed can be associated with the correct type of calcium site by the sign of the axial crystal field splitting parameter, D , by the magnitute of the hyperfine constant, A , and by symmetry. The sign of D has also been determined directly by measuring line intensities at pumped helium temperatures. The results are compared with Narita's calculations of the crystal field of fluorapatite at the CaI site.
Fatty acid selectivity of lipases: Erucic acid from rapeseed oil

The fatty acid selectivity of several commercial lipases was evaluated in the hydrolysis of high-erucic acid rapeseed oil (HEARO). The lipase ofPseudomonas cepacia catalyzed virtually complete hydrolysis of the oil (94–97%), while that ofGeotrichum candidum discriminated strongly against erucic acid, especially in esterification. A two-step process is suggested for obtaining a highly enriched erucic acid in which theG. candidum lipase is employed to selectively esterify the fatty acid residues of unsaturated C-18, and shorter chain acids, from a mixture of HEARO fatty acids obtained from total hydrolysis of the oil withP. cepacia lipase.
Fourier transform particle flow for nonlinear filters

We derive five new algorithms to design particle flow for nonlinear filters using the Fourier transform of the PDE that determines the flow of particles corresponding to Bayes’ rule. This exploits the fact that our PDE is linear with constant coefficients. We also use variance reduction and explicit stabilization to enhance robustness of the filter. Our new filter works for arbitrary smooth nowhere vanishing probability densities.
Allergic contact dermatitis to povidone-iodine

Two surgical patients developed an eczematous eruption after povidone-iodine (PVP-1) was used for skin antisepsis. Patch tests with 10% PVP-1 solution and also with 0.5% iodine in 70% isopropyl alcohol were positive, thus documenting allergic contact dermatitis to these chemicals.
On the question of American eels, Anguilla rostrata versus European eels, Anguilla anguilla.

Der amerikanische AalAnguilla rostrata (2n=38; 20M+18A) gehort einer anderen Spezies an als der europaischeAnguilla anguilla (2n=38; 32M+6A).
Aortofemoral bypass in young patients with premature atherosclerosis: is superficial femoral vein superior to Dacron?

Abstract Purpose Previous studies have documented poor patency rates in "young" patients (age 55 years or younger) with premature atherosclerosis undergoing aortofemoral bypass (AFB) to treat aortoiliac occlusive disease. Given the high reported graft patency rates with superficial femoral vein (SFV) grafts performed because of aortic graft infection, we evaluated the role of SFV grafts for AFB as primary therapy for premature atherosclerosis in a case-control study. Methods Over 10 years 31 patients aged 55 year or younger underwent AFB with use of SFV (V-AFB). Case controls consisted of all patients 55 years of age or younger who underwent AFB with use of Dacron (D-AFB) during the same period (n = 80). In all cases this was the initial therapy (no repeat operations). The two groups were well matched for age, sex, weight, preoperative ankle-brachial index, and the comorbid conditions of smoking, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. There were more patients with diabetes in the V-AFB group (34% vs 16%; P = .05). Patients in the V-AFB group had more advanced disease, and the surgical indication was more frequently critical ischemia compared with the D-AFB group (90% vs 46%; P Results There was only one perioperative death in each group. There were no differences in cardiac, pulmonary, or gastrointestinal complications. However, fasciotomy occurred more frequently with V-AFB (44% vs 1%; P P P = .013). There was also a trend for higher limb salvage at 5 years (90% vs 62%). Four graft infections occurred with D-AFB, and none with V-AFB ( P = .32). Conclusions AFB performed with SFV grafts is a far more durable operation than standard D-AFB in young patients with aortoiliac occlusive disease. However, V-AFB is far more likely to require lower extremity fasciotomy, and takes almost twice as long to perform.
Rethinking what constitutes suspended sediment

Although cohesive suspended sediment is now known to be transported primarily as flocculated material, there is still a misconception of what constitutes suspended sediment. Flocs represent a complex matrix of microbial communities, organic particles (e.g. detritus, extracellular polymers and cellular debris), inorganic particles (e.g. clays and silts) and substantial interfloc spaces (pores), which allow for the retention or flow through of water. Flocculation results in significant alteration of the hydrodynamics of the constituent particles (by modifying their effective size, shape, density and porosity), thereby affecting the transport of sediment and associated contaminants. The composition and structure of a floc is in a continuous state of change as the medium in which it is transported provides the floc with further building materials, energy, nutrients and chemicals for biological growth, chemical reactions and morphological development. As such, a floc's physical (e.g. transport), chemical (e.g. contaminant adsorption) and biological (community development and contaminant biotransformation) behaviour are also in a continuous state of change, with concomitant effects on their aquatic environment as a whole. Although it is recognized that floc form will influence floc behaviour, there is still a basic lack of knowledge of the complex links between the structural components of a floc and how their individual properties and behaviours in combination with others will influence a floc's physical, chemical and biological behaviour. This paper provides a comprehensive conceptual model that links the many interrelated structural components of typical flocs and their interrelated behavioural aspects, in order to enhance our understanding of what constitutes suspended sediment. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infantile Esotropia With Nystagmus: A Treatable Cause of Oscillatory Head Movements in Children

Objective To document the resolution of oscillatory head movements following surgical realignment of the eyes in children with infantile esotropia and nystagmus. Method Retrospective review of 3 children who had infantile esotropia, nystagmus, and unexplained head shaking or head nodding. Results Strabismus surgery restored ocular alignment and produced resolution of the head shaking in all patients. In 1 patient, head shaking accompanied recurrence of the esotropia and again resolved following surgical realignment of the eyes. Conclusions Head shaking or head nodding can rarely be associated with infantile esotropia and nystagmus. In this syndrome, surgical realignment of the eyes may produce simultaneous resolution of the head oscillations.
Hypertension in the kidney transplant recipient

Elevated arterial blood pressure is common after kidney transplantation and contributes to shortened patient and allograft survivals and increased fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events. Unfortunately, current evidence indicates that arterial blood pressure remains poorly controlled in kidney transplant recipients. One concern is how best to evaluate treated levels of arterial pressure in transplant recipients as office and clinic measurements often differ from blood pressure readings obtained using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Some antihypertensive drugs interact with immunosuppressive medications and adversely affect electrolyte balance and kidney function, which complicates the management of kidney transplant patients. Target blood pressure readings have been suggested by different guidelines, but patient-specific management plan is still lacking. Understanding the basic mechanisms responsible for the persistent hypertension after kidney transplantation is helpful in drafting patient-directed management plan that includes both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions to achieve target blood pressure control. In this review, we propose a multilayered treatment plan that addresses hypertension in both the early and late posttransplant periods, bearing in mind complications of antihypertensive medications, interactions with immunosuppressive drugs, patient comorbidities, and patient-specific cardiovascular risk factors in the posttransplant period.
Psychometric properties of the Image of God Scale in breast cancer survivors.

Purpose/objectives To examine the psychometric properties of the Image of God Scale (IGS) in a clinical population. Design Descriptive, cross-sectional. Setting University and community oncology practices in the southeastern United States. Sample 123 breast cancer survivors no more than two years from completion of treatment. Methods Scale reliability was determined with the coefficient alpha. Instrument dimensionality was examined using principal component analysis. Construct validity was evaluated by examining correlations with other instruments used in the study. Main research variables An individual's image of God. Findings Internal consistency was strong (anger subscale = 0.8; engagement subscale = 0.89). The principle component analysis resulted in a two-factor solution with items loading uniquely on Factor 1-Engagement (8) and Factor 2-Anger (6). Significant correlations between the IGS and religious coping support convergence on a God concept. Correlations with psychological well-being, psychological distress, and concern about recurrence were nonsignificant (engagement) or inverse (anger), supporting discrimination between concepts of God and psychological adjustment. Conclusions The IGS is a unique measure of how God is viewed by the depth and character of His involvement with the individual and the world. Implications for nursing The IGS may be a measure that can transcend sects, denominations, and religions by identifying the image of God that underlies and defines an individuals' worldview, which influences their attitudes and behaviors.
Immunobiological consequence of immunization of female mice with homologous spermatozoa: Induction of infertility

Abstract Female Swiss Webster mice were immunized intraperitoneally with mouse epididymal spermatozoa or with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and their fertility was compared by (1) incidence and size of litters, (2) number of uterine implantation sites, and (3) incidence and number of fertilized eggs in the oviducts. Statistically significant reduction in fertility was noted following two courses of injections of spermatozoa; 12% of mice injected with spermatozoa had litters compared with 80% of mice injected with PBS. The infertility did not seem to be related to a failure in fertilization since the two groups of mice had a similar incidence and number of fertilized eggs in the oviducts. All female mice were found to have a ‘natural’ anti-acrosomal antibody. Following immunization with spermatozoa, antibodies to ‘postacrosomal’ region, the main piece and the midpiece of the tail, as well as cytotoxic antisperm antibodies, appeared. Anti-LDH-X antibody was not detected. However, correlation was not found between infertility and antisperm antibodies or sperm granulomata that developed in the peritoneal cavities. It is concluded that female mice receiving repeated i.p. injections of mouse spermatozoa become infertile and that the infertility is related to interference with events after fertilization.
Trends in photomechanics: fashion, practicality, and uncommon applications

Many advances in optics theory and technology have been stimulated by the demands of engineering research. From another viewpoint, the science of optics unifies diverse important areas of experimental research. Fundamental problems in fluid mechanics, rock mechanics, biomechanics, fracture mechanics, materials science, manufacturing technology, nondestructive inspection, and glacier mechanics are being solved by methods of optical metrology. The development of expertise and facilities to have in hand the most appropriate of available techniques is a forbidding task, but it is necessary in order to solve problems in the most efficient way. This paper describes in elementary terms some examples of applications which are relatively uncommon, including biomechanical contouring, glacier strain and flow measurement, 3-dimensional fracture mechanics, and nondestructive inspection of composites. In each case, one or more techniques, some fashionable and some old-fashioned, were adapted, extended or combined to perform the necessary measurements. The rationales for choosing the methods to solve each problem are outlined. The techniques include electronic speckle, electronic shearography, moire interferometry, moire photography with optical filtering, differential moire contouring, Doppler velocimetry, and noncoherent-light speckle photography.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reaction kinetics and chemo-rheology of poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) polymerization in the ordered phase

Abstract The phenomenon of mesophase-enhanced polymerization of the rodlike polymer poly(p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole) at 15% by weight in polyphosphoric acid has been investigated. The reacting mixture becomes anisotropic at an early stage of the polymerization. The reaction rate increases significantly at the isotropic-nematic phase transition as the rods are aligned in positions more favourable for the condensation reaction to occur. The chemo-rheological properties at high shear rates (⩾ 10 s−1), but not at low shear rates (⩽ 5 s−1), also indicate the occurrence of the phase change. A systematic study of the effects of shear rate and temperature suggests that initial mixing of the monomer mixture below the polymerization temperature greatly influences the final achievable molecular weight of the polycondensation reaction.
Square wave analysis of the solid-vapor adsorption heat pump

Abstract A thermally driven heat pump using a solid/vapor adsorption/desorption compression process in a vapor compression cycle is thermodynamically analyzed. The cycle utilizes a simple heat transfer fluid circulating loop for heating and cooling two solid adsorbent beds. This heat transfer fluid loop also serves to transmit heat recovered from the adsorbing bed being cooled to the desorbing bed being heated. This heat recovery process greatly improves the efficiency of the single stage solid/vapor adsorption process without the complication of a two stage cycle. During the heating and cooling processes a thermal wave profile travels through the beds. This paper uses a square wave representation for the true shape of the thermal wave. However, this square wave is assumed to stop short of the bed ends to account for realistic finite waveforms. The square wave model is integrated into a thermodynamic cycle which provides detailed information on the performance of the beds as well as the COP and the heating and cooling outputs of the heat pump system. Significant cycle design and operating parameters are varied to determine their effect on cycle performance.
Static and dynamic mechanics of the temporomandibular joint: plowing forces, joint load and tissue stress

OBJECTIVES - To determine the combined effects 1) of stress-field aspect ratio and velocity and compressive strain and 2) joint load, on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc mechanics. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION - Fifty-two subjects (30 female; 22 male) participated in the TMJ load experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS - In the absence of human tissue, pig TMJ discs were used to determine the effects of variables 1) on surface plowing forces, and to build a biphasic finite element model (bFEM) to test the effect of human joint loads and 2) on tissue stresses. In the laboratory, discs received a 7.6 N static load via an acrylic indenter before cyclic movement. Data were recorded and analysed using anova. To determine human joint loads, Research Diagnostic Criteria calibrated investigators classified subjects based on signs of disc displacement (DD) and pain (+DD/+pain, n = 18; +DD/-pain, n = 17; -DD/-pain, n = 17). Three-dimensional geometries were produced for each subject and used in a computer model to calculate joint loads. RESULTS - The combined effects of compressive strain, and aspect ratio and velocity of stress-field translation correlated with plowing forces (R(2) = 0.85). +DD/-pain subjects produced 60% higher joint loads (ANOVA, p < 0.05), which increased bFEM-calculated compressive strain and peak total normal stress. CONCLUSIONS - Static and dynamic variables of the stress-field and subject-dependent joint load significantly affect disc mechanics.
An investigation into how the European Working Time Directive has affected anaesthetic training.

The European Working Time Directive (EWTD) became law in 1993 but only applied to doctors in training in the United Kingdom in 2004. The trainees have in consequence had a reduction in their working hours but also a change to a shift pattern of working. For craft specialities, such as anaesthesia, there are concerns that a reduction in working hours has also led to a reduction in the time available for learning and that ultimately this may affect patient care. However, there is scant research on the perceptions of trainees concerning the impact of the EWTD on their training and working lives. This study investigated what the anaesthetic Specialist Registrars (SpRs) on the Mersey Deanery SpR rotation perceived to be training and also what effect the EWTD has had on that training and their quality of life, both within and outside work. The project was a cross sectional survey, using a quantitative questionnaire with qualitative free text comments which were aggregated into overarching themes and sub themes. 117 SpRs were sent questionnaires in April 2005; 73 completed questionnaires were returned (response rate 62.4%). Hierarchies of training opportunities emerged with training by consultants being most valued. 71.8% (95% CI 60.7 – 81.3) of trainees believed the EWTD has had a deleterious effect on their training and experience and 74.3% (95% CI 63.2 – 83.4) thought that they will be less prepared for a consultant post. 69.9% (95% CI 58.7 – 79.5) considered that their quality of life outside work had deteriorated, with only 15% (95% CI 8.3 – 24.6) finding improvement. 38.6% (95% CI 27.8 – 50.3) felt that they were not functioning as well as doctors, only 14.3% (95% CI 7.6 – 23.9) noting improvement. The trainees were still positive about anaesthesia and 73.2% (95% CI 62.2 – 82.5) would recommend this specialty to a student. The majority of anaesthetic SpRs in the Mersey Deanery have not welcomed the changes brought by the EWTD to their training, experience and quality of life outside work.
Graduate Student Preferences for Practicing Faith in Online Coursework.

The purpose of this investigation was to gain a better understanding of the expectations graduate students hold regarding the amount of and types of faith-related activities utilized in online coursework. Two groups of participants surveyed were enrolled at two different, faith-based institutions in Pennsylvania, United States; one a Catholic university and one a Christian college. Results of the survey and subsequent response analysis indicated that 82% of the students preferred the instructor utilize faith activities more frequently in online coursework, despite having enrolled at the institution for its academic reputation.
Some observations on the influence of longitudinal vortices in a lid-driven cavity flow

This paper describes a joint physical and numerical investigation into a lid-driven cavity flow at a Reynolds number (based on the cavity width and the lid-velocity) of 3200, and Spanwise Aspect Ratios (SAR; the ratio of the cavity length to its width) of 1:1, 0.5:l and 0.25:l. The experimental techniques consisted of flow visualization (with polystyrene micro-spheres) of specific planes in the cavity, as well as velocity measurements using laser-Doppler anemometry along the horizontal and vertical center-lines at the symn~etry plane of the cavity. The numerical results were obtained using SEAFLOSl-I, which employs the implicit Euler scheme for time-stepping and a quadratic upwind scheme (QUICK) to finite difference the convective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations. First, we demonstrate that SEAFLOSl-I reproduces the qualitative and quantitative aspects observed and measured in our physical experiments. We then use the spatially-intensive data of the simulations to complement the temporally-intensive data of the experiments, in order to examine more closely the characteristics of the Taylor-Gortler-Like (TGL) vortices, and the interaction of the TGL vortices, the Downstream Secondary Eddy (DSE), and the corner vortices, with each other, and their influence on momentum transfer within the cavity. Our observations reveal that the DSE is larger in the immediate vicinity of the corner vortices (found at the endwalls) and in the region of the TGL vortices. This is because the TGL vortices entrain fluid from the DSE. Because the formation of the TGL vortices is contingent on the presence of a concave separation surface at the DSE, the entrainment process described above results in a complex "feedback" process between the TGL vortices and the DSE. This leads to a temporal variation in the local size of the DSE and a spanwise meandering of the TGL vortices for cavities of SAR > 0.5:l.
Empowerment Evaluation as Evaluation Ideology

As with many forms of evaluation, empowerment evaluation can be viewed as an ideology that promotes a particular set of social and professional values. Judging the quality and utility of empowerment evaluation thus requires a critical appraisal of the implications of adopting those values.
Using an institutional repository for personal digital collections of retired faculty members

In this poster, I address practical issues related to using IRs for personal digital collections of retired faculty members.
I: Effect of Delayed Auditory Feedback on Speech and Keytapping:

Abstract The effects of delayed auditory feedback (DAF) on the performance of simple speech and keytapping tasks were compared. In the first experiment, each of the fourteen young adult subjects was asked to repeat the speech sound “b” in groups of three sounds. The subject heard his undelayed speech sounds through earphones. Under the delay condition, the speech sounds were delayed 244 millisec. before being returned to the subject's earphones. In the second experiment, each of the same subjects was asked to tap on a key in groups of three taps. The subjects heard an undelayed click through earphones each time they tapped on the key. Under the delay condition, the clicks were delayed 244 millisec. before being returned to the earphones. Graphic recordings were made of the time and intensity characteristics of tapping under both conditions. The changes which occurred in speech and keytapping under DAF were qualitatively the same and consisted of increases in intensity and unit-to-unit time of both taps an...
A Substrate-Selective Nanoreactor Made of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Containing Catalytic Silver Nanoparticles

An original, substrate-selective nanoreactor is designed and characterized. The nanoreactor made of a 4-nitrophonel (NP)-imprinted polymer and Ag nanoparticles, can specifically recognize NP compared with its analogues 4-nitrophenyl acetate (NPA) and 2,6-dimethyl-4-nitrophenol (DNP). Under comparable conditions, this nanoreactor significantly accelerated the reduction of NP; however, much less acceleration is shown for its analogues. Unlike traditional Ag nanoreactors, which lack molecular recognition abilities, this unique nanoreactor is composed of molecularly imprinted networks, making substrate-selective catalysis feasible.
Monte Carlo simulation of the effects of X6 and X7 intervalley scattering on the ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited carriers in GaAs

The effects of X6 and X7 intervalley scattering on the energy relaxation of electrons in GaAs were investigated in GaAs for excitation energy of 4.3 eV. An initial build up of electron population in the upper valleys (X6 and X7) following the excitation leads to non-equilibrium LO phonon. The initial LO phonon spectrums in different valleys show maximum build up at different q vectors and then relax to similar distributions at longer times. The Heating of the LO phonons leads to slower transfer of electrons back to the central valleys.
I. Gondomar: Ambassador to James I

Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna, ennobled as Count of Gondomarin 1617, served as Spanish ambassador to England from 1613 to 1622 and continued thereafter in a sort of emeritus status as Spain's leading, almost only, expert on English affairs until his death in 1626. In this tense, crisis-ridden time of uneasy peace prior to the Thirty Years' War and during the opening years of that war, when its course and its eventual extent were still much in doubt, what was going to happen in Europe, and to Europe, was very much in the hands of the relatively few men who guided or influenced affairs of state in a few key capitals. None were more important than such men in Spain and England, widely recognized as the heads of ‘the two protectorats’ over Catholic and Protestant Europe. Gondomar must certainly be counted among these few.
Issues in the use of survival analysis to estimate damages in equal employment cases

After plaintiffs prevail in employment discrimination cases, courts need to estimate the compensation they deserve. This issue arose after a defendant was found to have discriminated against job applicants older than 40 years. In order to compensate the successful plaintiffs, the court needed to estimate the length of time they would have worked, had they been hired. The job histories of 127 current employees and 43 employees who recently left were available for analysis. The accelerated failure time model, commonly used for the analysis of survival data, provides an estimate of the mean employment duration, adjusting for covariates. Three legal opinions emphasized that damage awards should be based on data concerning employees with similar qualifications as the plaintiffs so an ability model is proposed. A simulation study illustrates the potential underestimation of the job tenures of the deserving plaintiffs by the method adopted in the case. On the other hand, that method, which did not consider ability, can lead to compensating low-ability plaintiffs who would not be hired even in a non-discriminatory environment. Finally, the methods are applied to the motivating example and an appropriate damage award is suggested.
Increase of alpha motor neurons in chicken afflicted with muscular dystrophy

The alpha motor neuron population in dystrophic chicken (line 307) spinal cord was studied. The results indicated a significant increase in the number of alpha motor neurons in the brachial segment. This segment of the spinal cord is responsible for innervating the major flight musculature in the chicken. The findings are significant and have implications for understanding of the disease.
Experimental canopy removal enhances diversity of vernal pond amphibians

Vernal ponds are often treated as protected environments receiving special regulation and management. Within the landscapes where they are found, forest vegetation frequently dominates surrounding uplands and can grow to overtop and shade pond basins. Two bodies of research offer differing views of the role of forest canopy for vernal pond systems. Studies of landscape conversion suggest that removing forest overstory within uplands can cause local extinctions of amphibians by altering terrestrial habitat or hindering movement. Studies of canopy above pond basins imply an opposite relationship; encroachment of overstory vegetation can be associated with local extinctions potentially via changes in light, thermal, and food resource environments. Unresolved uncertainties about the role of forest canopy reveal significant gaps in our understanding of wetland species distributions and dynamics. Any misunderstanding of canopy influences is simultaneously important to managers because current practices emphasize promoting or conserving vegetation growth particularly within buffers immediately adjacent to ponds. We evaluated this apparent contradiction by conducting a landscape-scale, long-term experiment using 14 natural vernal ponds. Tree felling at six manipulated ponds was limited in spatial scope but was nevertheless effective in increasing water temperature. Compared with eight control ponds, manipulated ponds maintained more amphibian species during five years post-manipulation. There was little evidence that any species was negatively influenced, and the reproductive effort of species for which we estimated egg inputs maintained pretreatment population densities in manipulated compared with control ponds. Overall, our experiment shows that a carefully circumscribed reduction of overhead forest canopy can enhance the capacity of vernal ponds to support wildlife diversity and suggests a scale dependence of canopy influences on amphibians. These findings have implications for the connection between current wetland management practices and the goals of wetland stewardship and conservation of wetland-dependent species.
Preformulation and stability in biological fluids of the retrocyclin RC-101, a potential anti-HIV topical microbicide

RC-101, a cationic peptide retrocyclin analog, has in vitro activity against HIV-1. Peptide drugs are commonly prone to conformational changes, oxidation and hydrolysis when exposed to excipients in a formulation or biological fluids in the body, this can affect product efficacy. We aimed to investigate RC-101 stability under several conditions including the presence of human vaginal fluids (HVF), enabling the efficient design of a safe and effective microbicide product. Stability studies (temperature, pH, and oxidation) were performed by HPLC, Circular Dichroism, and Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Additionally, the effect of HVF on formulated RC-101 was evaluated with fluids collected from healthy volunteers, or from subjects with bacterial vaginosis (BV). RC-101 was monitored by LC-MS/MS for up to 72 h. RC-101 was stable at pH 3, 4, and 7, at 25 and 37°C. High concentrations of hydrogen peroxide resulted in less than 10% RC-101 reduction over 24 h. RC-101 was detected 48 h after incubation with normal HVF; however, not following incubation with HVF from BV subjects. Our results emphasize the importance of preformulation evaluations and highlight the impact of HVF on microbicide product stability and efficacy. RC-101 was stable in normal HVF for at least 48 h, indicating that it is a promising candidate for microbicide product development. However, RC-101 stability appears compromised in individuals with BV, requiring more advanced formulation strategies for stabilization in this environment.
Occupational therapy practitioners' perceptions of the impact of continuing education activities on continuing competency.

Objective The purpose of this exploratory study was to evaluate Florida-licensed occupational therapy practitioners' perceptions of the impact of various continuing education activities on their continuing competency. Method A self-report mail survey was used to evaluate occupational therapy practitioners' perceptions of various continuing education activities in three domains: (a) learning, (b) application, and (c) results. The respondents' perceptions of the impact of specific continuing education activities were compared. Results As rated by the respondents, formal programs 1 or more days in length had a significantly greater impact than most informal continuing education activities. On-the-job training (in the domain of application) and being mentored had a significantly greater impact than formal educational programs less than 3 hr in length. Conclusion Informal continuing education activities, in some cases, are perceived to have as effective an impact on continuing competency of occupational therapy practitioners as formal continuing education activities.
Predicting regulation for a multiple-output current-mode controlled DC-to-DC converter

A technique is developed for predicting the closed-loop output voltage regulation of a multiple-output current-mode controlled power converter. The proposed model accounts for the current loop, the voltage loop, and the integrator in the compensation scheme. This method allows tradeoffs with respect to regulation between different components or feedback configurations to be evaluated during the design of a converter. Experimental verification on a three-output current-mode controlled push-pull power converter with single output voltage feedback is provided. >
The write process in saturation recording

The results of these experiments indicate that great,er sensitivities can be obtained from thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) than for the corresponding anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM). The acquisition of TRM is described in terms of particle distribution and particle interactions which are the same factors that determine ARM. However, the magnetization mechanism is determined by the thermoblocking process which is shown to be analogous to the anhysteretic process, except that magnetization blocking occur within 1 percent of the Curie temperature for CrOz. N6el theory is adequate to explain the basic blocking process. The blocking temperature normalized to the Curie temperature is expreseed as
Influence of Urinary pH on the Pharmacokinetics of Cinoxacin in Humans and on Antibacterial Activity In Vitro

The impact of acidification and alkalinization of the urine on the pharmacokinetics of cinoxacin was examined after single 500-mg oral doses were administered to nine healthy male volunteers. Acidic and alkaline conditions were achieved by repeated oral doses of ammonium chloride or sodium bicarbonate, respectively. Plasma cinoxacin levels in all subjects were adequately described in terms of one-compartment-model kinetics with first-order absorption and elimination. Acidification and alkalinization treatment had no effect on cinoxacin absorption or distribution. The mean elimination half-life of cinoxacin in plasma was 1.1, 2.0, and 0.6 h in control subjects and with acidification and alkalinization of urine, respectively. Recovery of intact cinoxacin in samples of urine collected 0 to 36 h after cinoxacin administration represented 65% of the dose in control subjects and urine acidification and 80% of the dose with alkalinization of urine. The mean renal clearance of cinoxacin was 76, 118, and 278 ml/min with acidification, control, and alkalinization, respectively, and renal clearance was highly correlated with urinary pH. Urine concentrations of cinoxacin were significantly higher with alkalinization compared with control values during the first 4 h after drug administration. Urine cinoxacin concentrations were reduced somewhat by acidification, but these tended not to be significantly different from control values. Changes in cinoxacin elimination owing to urine pH are less pronounced in humans than in dogs. The antibacterial activity of cinoxacin against some common urinary tract pathogens was pH dependent. A four- to eightfold reduction in cinoxacin activity was generally observed at pH 8 compared with lower pH values. However, in view of the high levels of cinoxacin which are obtained in both acidic and basic urine, the impact of urine pH on cinoxacin antibacterial efficacy would be of minor clinical importance.
Electron cloud in the wigglers of the position dampling ring of the international linear collider

The ILC positron damping ring comprises hundreds of meters of wiggler sections, where many more photons than in the arcs are emitted, and with the smallest beam-pipe aperture of the ring. A significant electron-cloud density can therefore be accumulated via photo-emission and via beam-induced multipacting. In field-free regions the electron-cloud build up may be suppressed by adding weak solenoid fields, but the electron cloud remaining in the wigglers as well as in the arc dipole magnets can still drive single-bunch and multi-bunch beam instabilities. This paper studies the electron-cloud formation in an ILC wiggler section for various scenarios, as well as its character, and possible mitigation schemes.
Stabilized occlusion rims for small interarch spaces

This article describes three methods for fabricating stabilized occlusion rims for close interarch spaces. To utilize these methods, the dentist must anticipate the lack of space and request that the rims be fabricated by one of the methods outlined prior to the maxillomandibular relations appointment.
Slow spreading of a sheet of Bingham fluid on an inclined plane

To study the dynamics of fluid mud with a high concentration of cohesive clay particles, we present a theory for a thin sheet of Bingham-plastic fluid flowing slowly on an inclined plane. The physics is discussed on the approximate basis of the lubrication theory. Because of the yield stress, the free surface need not be horizontal when the Bingham fluid is in static equilibrium, nor parallel to the plane bed when in steady flow. We then show that there is a variety of gravity currents that can advance at a constant speed and with the same profile. Experimental confirmation of one type is presented. By solving a nonlinear partial differential equation, transient flows due either to a steady upstream discharge or to the sudden release of a finite fluid mass on another fluid layer are studied. In the first case there is a mud front which ultimately propagates as a constant speed as a steady gravity current. In the second case, when the ambient layer is sufficiently shallow that there is no initial motion, the flow induced by the new fluid can terminate after the disturbance has travelled a finite distance. The extent of the final spread is examined. Disturbances due to an external pressure travelling parallel to the free surface are also examined. It is found in particular that a travelling localized pulse of pressure gradient not only generates a localized mud disturbance which travels along with the forcing pressure, but further leaves behind a permanent footprint.
Micromechanical switches fabricated using nickel surface micromachining

Micromechanical switches have been fabricated in electroplated nickel using a four-level surface micromachining process. The simplest devices are configured with three terminals, a source, a drain, and a gate and are 30 /spl mu/m wide, 1 /spl mu/m thick, and 65 /spl mu/m long. A voltage applied between the gate and source closes the switch, connecting the source to the drain. Devices switch more than 10/sup 9/ cycles before failure and exhibit long-lifetime hot switching currents up to 5 mA. The initial contact resistance is less than 50 m/spl Omega/. The breakdown (stand-off) voltage between the source and the drain is greater than 100 V and the off-current is less than 20 fA at 100 V.