cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Homeopathic Rogues’ Gallery

Mendacity, murder, medical license fraud, and marching to the drum roll of Nazi policies all feature in the history of homeopathy. The careers of three prominent charlatans are described. Edwin Pratt founded the orificial surgery movement, and Albert Abrams developed a system of medicine known as the Electronic Reactions of Abrams (or ERA), which grew into a cult with several thousand disciples. Abrams’ questionable practices led to investigations by professional and governmental bodies. William Koch embarked on a search to cure cancer and promoted various remedies, of which glyoxylide was best known. Koch was investigated by the US and Brazilian authorities but not found guilty. Pratt, Abrams, and Koch all made extravagant claims about the curative powers of their proprietary treatments. Others described in this chapter include George Simmons of the American Medical Association; Robert Reddick and Gregory Miller, perpetrators of fraudulent license schemes that allowed untrained individuals to practice medicine; Karl Koetschau and Hans Wapler, German homeopaths who promoted Nazi policies; and, finally, the infamous murderers Hawley Crippen and Luc Jouret.
Introduction to Node.js

Node.js is a server-side JavaScript platform that has seen explosive growth in recent years. In its 5 years of existence, Node.js has leaped to being the third most-starred repository on GitHub, and is now one of the most popular frameworks for developing cloud, mobile and Internet-of-Things applications.
Molecular pathology of urinary bladder cancer

The staggering advances in genetics and genomics achieved following the completion of the human genome project have deeply impacted clinical management and diagnostics in solid tumor oncology. Molecular diagnostics is now an integral part of routine clinical management in lung, colon, and breast cancer patients. In sharp contrast, molecular biomarkers have been largely excluded from current management algorithms of urologic malignancies. The need for new treatment alternatives to improve upon the so far modest outcome in muscle invasive bladder cancer patients is evident. Well-validated prognostic molecular biomarkers that can help clinicians identify patients in need of early aggressive management are lacking. Identifying robust predictive biomarkers that will stratify response to emerging targeted therapeutics is another crucially needed development. The following is an overview of the molecular pathways involved in bladder cancer oncogenesis with a focus on promising candidate biomarkers that may soon make their transition to the realm of clinical management of urothelial carcinoma.
Inheritance of Equus asinus serum albumin variants in hybrid offspring

Data from mule offspring of mares bred to an AI-CD jack document that the control of AI-C and AI-D zone variants in Equus asinus is due to the action of autosomal, codominant alleles, AIC and AID.
Transmission of a Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus in Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larval Populations on Caged Soybeans

Transmission of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AgNPV) in uniform- and mixed-aged populations of velvetbean caterpillar (VBC), Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, larvae artificially established on field-caged soybeans was examined. In a uniform-aged VBC population, transmission of AgNPV from primary infected to uninfected VBC was generally low. Larval mortality from AgNPV was highest in treatments with highest density of primary infected larvae, but did not differ with size at death of primary infected larvae. Transmission in mixed-age populations was greater than in uniform-aged populations when primary infected larvae were of the same age structure as the uninfected population or all the age of the oldest uninfected larvae in the population. Virus concentration on foliage after pupation of survivors in both uniform- and mixed-aged populations was high, but little viral activity remained on foliage 1 mo later. Virus concentrations in soil in both tests were generally low immediately after pupation but were much higher 1 mo later.
Explaining Multi-Family Property Foreclosures

In this study, we use a new and comprehensive dataset that provides information on all multifamily properties located in Cook County, IL to provide new evidence on the determinants of foreclosures of multifamily properties. We find that foreclosures are more likely when building are older and have higher ratios of loan to value, and where buildings are located in Census Tracts where median household incomes are lower and unemployment rates are higher. We also find that loan vintage is a key determinant of foreclosure. Our study provides new information on what factors increase or decrease the probability that a rental property will go into foreclosure, which can be used by policymakers to craft policies that will mitigate factors that lead to foreclosure and enhance factors that reduce the likelihood of foreclosure: properties with mortgages that closed after 2000 are significantly more likely to face foreclosure, and the probability rises throughout the 2001-2009 period, peaking in 2009.
Chinese Listening and Speaking Instruct ion to Beginners from Japan and Korea With No Intermediary Language

This paper is designated to analyze the feasibility of Chinese listening and speaking instruction to the Japanese and Korean beginners in the absence of intermediary language from the point of view of listening and speaking.It also studies the advantages of the foreign language teaching and then provides some practical and effective teaching strategy.
Culture of Peripheral Monocytes in Vitro in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Possible Prognostic Indicator

An in vitro assay has been applied in 23 patients with renal cell carcinoma. A mononuclear cell-rich fraction was cultured from peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma. The number of monocytes maturing into macrophages was quantitated over a period of 7 days. Monocyte maturation was significantly lower in patients with renal cell carcinoma than in normal individuals. Of 10 patients tested both pre- and post-nephrectomy, 8 patients showed clinical improvement after surgery. In all 8, the posttreatment macrophage yield improved significantly from the pretreatment values to approach normal values. In 2 patients found to have metastasis postoperatively, the macrophage yield continued below normal levels. Our results suggest that the in vitro maturation of macrophages from mononuclear cells may parallel clinical events.
Fiscal Crisis and Community Development: The Great Recession, Support Networks, and Community Development Corporation Capacity

AbstractCommunity development corporations (CDC) are a cornerstone of neighborhood improvement in legacy cities. Yet they face challenges that threaten their financial sustainability, challenges that grew exponentially with the Great Recession. This article examines the impact of the Great Recession on the revenue and survival of CDC in Baltimore, Maryland; Cleveland, Ohio; and Detroit, Michigan. An analysis of financial data from the National Center for Charitable Statistics from 2004 to 2011 highlights issues of industry contraction, revenue concentration and loss, and CDC survival. Interviews and examination of multiple secondary sources of information on CDC activity and support networks in each city further our understanding of the financial results. We find that the CDC industry in all three cities was severely impacted by the Great Recession and that the CDC support networks in each city had a significant intervening effect on the ability of CDC to adapt to the fiscal and service pressures created ...
Role of perception in determining adaptive capacity: communities adapting to environmental change

In this study, we investigate perception of likely environmental change as a factor of community adaptive capacity. A comparison of perceived change with science-based assessment of change is proposed to better understand community risk assessment and decision-making. Based on this analysis, we identify shared attitudes and perceptions of change that can be used to develop communication about environmental change in a manner that is appropriate within the context of the community. A community-level survey was conducted to sample differences in individual perception of likely environmental change as well as attitudes regarding climate change and natural resource management among residents of Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula. We compare perceptions of likely environmental change to science-based assessments of change using a conceptual framework that recognizes socio-cognitive processes associated with decision-making. We evaluate the relationship of those perceptions to attitudes using quantitative methods. A binary logistic model is used to investigate the predictive relationship between perception and attitudes regarding climate change and natural resource management. A cultural consensus model is then used to determine areas of shared community perception of change and attitudes. Results of this analysis suggest that despite diverse individual perceptions of environmental change, shared community perceptions and attitudes can be identified.
In Vitro Evaluation of pH-Responsive Nanoscale Hydrogels for the Oral Delivery of Hydrophobic Therapeutics

About 70% of pharmaceutical drug candidates are poorly soluble and suffer from low oral bioavailability. Additionally, a large number of therapeutics are also substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) receptors present on the intestinal cell lining and undergo efflux that further reduces their oral bioavailability drastically. Nanoscale hydrogels are promising candidates for oral delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics as they hold immense potential in improving solubility and increasing intestinal permeability of such therapeutics. In this report, we describe the in vitro evaluation and comparison of four novel, pH-responsive poly(methacrylic acid-g-polyethylene glycol-co-hydrophobic monomer) nanoscale hydrogels for their capacity to load and release chemotherapeutic doxorubicin, as well as their ability to modulate permeability in vitro for improving doxorubicin transport. The resulting nanoscale formulations showed appreciable loading, and in vitro release studies demonstrated excellent pH-triggered release ki...
The Search for Sexual Intimacy for Men with Cerebral Palsy

Exploring accounts of the search for sexual intimacy for 14 men with cerebral palsy revealed a range of issues and impediments and a complex intersubjective process in their search for a lover. Yet, despite an adverse sociocultural context of disability and desirability, most of the men had experienced long-term sexual relationships. The cultivation of several aspects of self and society was noted as facilitating the possibility of their establishing sexual intimacy with others.
EFFECTS OF A SLEEP HYGIENE TEXT-MESSAGE INTERVENTION ON SLEEP IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Objective: To test the effectiveness of a text-message intervention to promote sleep hygiene to improve sleep in young adult college students. Participants: A convenience sample of undergraduate st...
Who should receive the subcutaneous implanted defibrillator?: The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) should be considered in all ICD patients who do not require pacing.

The evolution of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) technology for the past 3 decades has been nothing short of explosive, incorporating progressively transvenous leads, multizone programming, dual chamber antibradycardia pacing, antitachycardia pacing (ATP), sophisticated single- and dual-chamber discrimination algorithms, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), and programmable options numbering into the thousands. As a consequence, ICDs have been used to treat patients with a variety of clinical needs, including those with a known history of ventricular tachycardia (VT), survivors of out of hospital cardiac arrest, patients with requirements for pacing or resynchronization with concomitant indications for an ICD, and patients who do not fit within these categories but are at risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Response by Rav Acha and Milan on p 1244 Typically, the efficacy of most cardiac therapies is assessed initially on the sickest patients or those at highest risk. Such was the case for the ICD that was initially approved only for patients who had survived cardiac arrest. These early systems had epicardial leads and no pacing capabilities. Subsequently, transvenous lead systems and other advances were made in ICD technology, as noted above. However, these devices were approved and used based on the demonstration of the ability to detect and to terminate VT and ventricular fibrillation (VF). In fact, more complex therapies are not always better for patient outcomes. The Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) trial showed that indiscriminate right ventricular pacing is associated with increased risk of heart failure hospitalization and death, and more recent analyses continue to question the overuse of dual chamber devices.1,2 Similarly, CRT may be associated with more heart failure hospitalization among patients without QRS prolongation.3 The landmark prospective randomized trials showed a mortality benefit of ICDs for both primary and secondary prevention of SCD. The early …
Comparative health effects in mice of Libby amphibole asbestos and a fibrous amphibole from Arizona

This project developed from studies demonstrating that Libby Amphibole Asbestos (LAA) causes a non-typical set of health outcomes not generally reported for asbestos, including systemic autoimmunity and an unusual and devastating lamellar pleural thickening that progresses to severe pulmonary dysfunction and death. Further, mineral fiber mixtures with some similarities to LAA have recently been discovered in southern Nevada and northwestern Arizona, where the material exists in extensive recreational areas and is present in yards, roads, parking lots and school yards. The objective was to compare the health outcomes in mice exposed to either LAA or the fibrous amphiboles collected in Arizona at the Lake Mead National Recreational Area at very low doses to represent environmental exposures. In this study, the fibrous amphibole asbestos sample from Arizona (AzA) is composed of winchite (69%), actinolite (22%), and non-amphibole minerals (9%) and has a mean aspect ratio of 16.7±0.9. Fibrous amphibole asbestos from Libby (LAA) is composed of winchite (70%), richterite (9%), tremolite (5%), and non-amphibole minerals (16%) with a mean aspect ratio of 8.4±0.7. C57BL/6 mice were exposed by oropharyngeal aspiration to fiber suspensions at a very low dose of 3μg/mouse. After seven months, both LAA- and AzA-exposed mice had indices of chronic immune dysfunction related to a TH17 cytokine profile, with B cell activation, autoantibody production and proteinuria, suggesting kidney involvement. In addition, both exposures led to significant lung and pleural fibrosis. These data suggest that there is risk of pulmonary disease and autoimmune outcomes with environmental exposure to amphibole asbestos, and that this is not limited to Libby, Montana.
Characterizing dynamic balance during adaptive locomotor learning

In recent years, adaptation to walking on a split-belt treadmill has been used as a common paradigm to explore how humans and other vertebrates adapt to walking in an asymmetric environment. When people walk on a split-belt treadmill, they initially walk with an asymmetry characterized by steps of unequal length, then gradually adopt a symmetric walking pattern characterized by steps of the same length. Although it has been proposed that the adoption of a symmetric walking pattern may result from a desired to maintain dynamic balance, this has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we used a model and experiment to explore how dynamic balance is influenced by spatiotemporal asymmetry during walking on a split-belt treadmill. The model was constructed based on a two-state exponential model which updates foot placement at each step based on the asymmetry from the previous. In the experiment, participants adapted to walking on a split-belt treadmill with the left belt moving at 1.5 m/s and the right belt moving at 0.5 m/s. Retroreflective markers were used to measure lower extremity kinematics and to compute spatiotemporal metrics such as step length, dynamic margins of stability, and time-to-contact. We found that people showed greater margins of stability on the fast belt than on the slow belt during adaptation. This was accomplished by adjusting the angle of the leading limb, which determined the placement of their feet relative to the body's center of mass. The results also showed greater times to contact on the slow belt than on the fast belt during adaptation and the difference between the fast and slow belt decayed during adaptation. These experimental results were consistent with the simulation using the computational model. Our results help to improve our understanding of the role of biomechanics in driving adaptive changes to coordination when walking in novel environments.
Modeling with Difference Equations

In this chapter, we return to the questions of how difference equations are formulated and how difference equations arise. We will proceed by example and attempt to give only a broad sample of the many uses of difference equations. Whenever appropriate, the methods of the previous chapters will be applied to solve the various equations. Of course, we have added here a new feature for this book, namely, the use of the discrete Fourier transforms for solving difference equations associated with boundary conditions, especially their direct use in algebraizing the difference equation and at the same time accommodating the boundary conditions. The z-transform has long been used in difference equations associated with initial conditions. Thus, the direct use of the discrete Fourier transforms in this book plus the use of the z-transform constitute examples of what we term, the “operational sum calculus” method. We may add that more “modified” discrete Fourier and the more general “Sturm—Liouville” — type discrete transforms may be constructed in parallel to what was done for their parallels of the general finite transforms that were discussed briefly in Section 2.3.
Abstract 114: Sympathetic Activity Increases With Obesity in Hypertensive Patients

Introduction: Obesity is one of the most important risk factors for the development of hypertension; the mechanisms by which obesity raises BP are not fully understood. Obesity leads to ↑ sympathetic autonomic nervous system (SANS) activity by several mediators such as leptin, ↓ nitric oxide, ↑ angiotensin II, ↓adiponectin, ↓ ghrelin and baroreflex dysfunction. Unknown is the role of dopamine, catecholamines and metanephrines in hypertensive individuals with obesity indexed by body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this prospective evaluation, 195 hypertensive patients on medications were recruited after ≥3 clinic visits at University of Alabama at Birmingham Hypertension Clinic. All patients underwent measurement of clinic BP, BMI and 24-hr urine for dopamine, total catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) and total metanephrines (metanephrine and normetanephrine). WHO obesity classification was used to categorize patients based on BMI into normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9, n=19); over-weight (BMI 25 to 29.9, n=45); Class 1 obesity (BMI 30 to 34.9, n=46); Class 2 obesity (BMI 35 to 39.9, n=44) and Class 3 obesity (BMI greater than 40, n=36). Results: Overall, patients were 50% females, 56.8% African Americans, 58.1 ± 11.0 years old, BMI was 34.1 ± 7.1 Kg/m 2 , BP was 126.5/79.9 ± 20.2/12.3 mmHg and heart rate of 73.5 ± 12.5 beats/min and total number of BP medications were 3.8 ± 1.4. 24-hr urinary dopamine, norepinephrine, total catecholamines, normetanephrine and total metanephrines increased with increasing BMI categories. Conclusions: Increase in BMI is associated with increasing dopamine, catecholamines and metanephrines indicative of progressive SANS activation.
The Starch Utilization System Assembles around Stationary Starch-Binding Proteins

Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) is a prominent member of the human gut microbiota with an extensive capacity for glycan harvest. This bacterium expresses a five-protein complex in the outer membrane, called the starch utilization system (Sus), which binds, degrades, and imports starch into the cell. Sus is a model system for the many glycan-targeting polysaccharide utilization loci found in Bt and other members of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Our previous work has shown that SusG, a lipidated amylase in the outer membrane, explores the entire cell surface but diffuses more slowly as it interacts with starch. Here, we use a combination of single-molecule tracking, super-resolution imaging, reverse genetics, and proteomics to show that SusE and SusF, two proteins that bind starch, are immobile on the cell surface even when other members of the system are knocked out and under multiple different growth conditions. This observation suggests a new paradigm for protein complex formation: binding proteins form immobile complexes that transiently associate with a mobile enzyme partner.
Adolescent Depression: Identification and Treatment

Adolescent depression is a prevalent condition that has been on the rise in recent years. The primary care setting is often the front line to mental health needs, specifically identifying and treating early depression. This review presents the current evidence base about adolescent depression, its identification, and treatment approaches. The US Preventive Services Task Force and American Academy of Pediatrics recommend universal screening for depression in adolescents in primary care settings. There are several depression screening measures that could be useful in primary care. Recommended treatment approaches which include therapy, medication, or a combination of the two are based on an adolescent’s presentation and degree of impairment. There is sufficient empirical evidence supporting use of three therapies and two Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors for adolescent depression. Currently, there are resources, screening measures, and research evidence available to adequately support pediatricians in the identification and treatment of adolescent depression.
LABELING OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTE SURFACE RECEPTORS WITH MICROSPHERES, IN GIEMSA STAINED PREPARATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the labeling of human leukocyte surface receptors with microspheres in giemsa-stained preparations. Cells with surface associated immunoglobulin light chains and cells with Fc receptors have been assayed in normal blood and the blood of patients with lymphoproliterative disorders. The labeling of cells with surface light chains depends upon goat anti-rabbit IgG molecules to cross-link M-RIgG to cells coated with rabbit antibody in a manner analogous to peroxidase anti-peroxidase techniques. Microsphere antibody reagents have promising applications in the study of clinical immunopathology. Similar reagents should be adaptable because of the degree of latitude possible in preparing microspheres with differing densities, dye content, size, and isotopic composition for use in automated cytology, cell fractionation, and perhaps therapy.
BCG vaccination and the PPD test: what the clinician needs to know.

The resurgence in tuberculosis necessitates careful surveillance and sensitive detection of cases. The purified protein derivative (PPD) test is the foundation of tuberculosis control. Primary care clinicans are encountering increasing numbers of persons immigrating from countries in which BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) vaccination is common. Many health care providers believe that previous BCG vaccination usually results in a positive PPD test, and therefore consider BCG vaccination status when interpreting a positive result on the PPD test. All articles listed in MEDLINE that included BCG and PPD as key words, a total of 62, were reviewed. Articles published before computerization of the medical literature, a total of 35, were reviewed in Index Medicus. This literature review indicates that there is little relationship between BCG vaccination and PPD positivity, and that BCG vaccination status should not be considered in the interpretation of a positive PPD test.
Abstract 101: ApoE4 Disrupts Cerebrovascular Microcirculation and Undermines White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Function

Background: Small vessel disease leading to subcortical white matter lesions (WML) is the major cause of vascular cognitive impairment. The apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele, a well-known risk facto...
Use of High-Dose Hydroxocobalamin for Septic Shock: A Case Report

In this case report, we describe 2 patients with septic shock requiring high-dose vasopressors for hemodynamic support despite aggressive fluid resuscitation. After the administration of high-dose hydroxocobalamin for presumed septic vasoplegic syndrome, both patients had an immediate response to hydroxocobalamin with a rapid and lasting improvement of blood pressure that significantly reduced the need for vasopressor support.
Indigeneity and homeland: Land, history, ceremony, and language

What is the relationship between Indigenous peoples and violent reactions to contemporary states? This research explores differing, culturally informed notions of attachment to land or place territory. Mechanistic ties and organic ties to land are linked to a key distinction between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous peoples. Utilizing the Minorities at Risk (MAR) data set, a subset relationship is explored addressing propensity for Indigenous peoples to rebel against state encroachment of their lands. The results of this research must be considered with the serious limitations of MAR in mind. Within the marginalized groups in the Americas, 28 have an attachment to a place territory. Of these 28 groups, 22 are Indigenous and of the 22 groups, 13 have exhibited some form of rebellious behavior between 1945 and 2003. The power of attachment to place territory, specifically the organic attachment most often displayed by Indigenous peoples of the Americas, is a strong tie surviving 500 years of European en...
Depression and Non-modifiable Patient Factors Associated with Patient Satisfaction in an Academic Orthopaedic Outpatient Clinic: Is it More Than a Provider Issue?

Background Patient satisfaction surveys play an increasingly important role in United States healthcare policy and serve as a marker of provided physician services. In attempts to improve the patient's clinical experience, focus is often placed on components of the healthcare system such as provider interaction and other experiential factors. Patient factors are often written off as "non-modifiable"; however, by identifying and understanding these risk factors for dissatisfaction, another area for improvement and intervention becomes available. Questions/purposes (1) Do patients in the orthopaedic clinic with a preexisting diagnosis of depression report lower satisfaction scores than those without a preexisting diagnosis of depression? (2) What other non-modifiable patient factors influence patient-reported satisfaction? Methods We reviewed Press Ganey Survey scores, which assess patient experiential satisfaction with a single clinical encounter, from 3044 clinic visits (2527 patients) in adult reconstructive, sports, and general orthopaedic clinics at a single academic medical center between November 2010 and May 2017, during which time approximately 19,000 encounters occurred. Multiple patient factors including patient age, gender, race, health insurance status, number of previous clinic visits with their physician, BMI, and a diagnosis of depression were recorded. Patient satisfaction was operationalized as a binary outcome as satisfied or less satisfied, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds of being satisfied. Results After adjusting for all other covariates in the model, we found that patients with a diagnosis of depression were less likely to be satisfied than patients without this diagnosis (odds ratio 0.749 [95% confidence interval, 0.600-0.940]; p = 0.01). Medicare-insured patients were more likely to be satisfied than non-Medicare patients (OR 1.257 [95% CI, 1.020-1.549]; p = 0.03), patients in the sports medicine clinic were more likely to be satisfied than those seen in the general orthopaedic clinic (OR 1.397 [95% CI, 1.096-1.775]; p = 0.007), and established patients were more likely to be satisfied than new patients (OR 0.763 [95% CI, 0.646-0.902]; p = 0.002). Conclusions Given the association of depression with lower satisfaction with a single visit at the orthopaedic clinic, providers should screen for depression and address the issue during the outpatient encounter. The impact of such comprehensive care or subsequent treatment of depression on improving patient-reported satisfaction offers areas of future study. Level of evidence Level III, therapeutic study.
"My Research Is Their Business, but I'm Not Their Business": Patient and Clinician Perspectives on Commercialization of Precision Oncology Data.

Background Genetic sequencing and precision oncology have supported clinical breakthroughs but depend upon access to vast arrays of research specimens and data. One way for academic medical centers to fund such infrastructure and research is "commercialization" of access to specimens and data to industry. Here we explore patient and clinician perspectives regarding cancer specimen and data commercialization with the goal of improving such processes in the future. Materials and methods This qualitative analysis was embedded within a prospective precision oncology sequencing study of adults with head and neck cancer. Via semistructured dyadic interviews with patients with cancer and their doctors, we assessed understanding and concerns regarding potential commercialization, opinions regarding investment of profits, and perspectives regarding the return of information directly to participants from industry. Results Several patient- and clinician-participants did not understand that the consent form already permitted commercialization of patient genetic data and expressed concerns regarding who would profit from the data, how profits would be used, and privacy and access. Patients were generally more comfortable with commercialization than clinicians. Many patients and clinicians were comfortable with investing profits back into research, but clinicians were more interested in investment in head and neck cancer research specifically. Patients generally supported potential return-of-results from a private entity, but their clinicians were more skeptical. Conclusion Our results illustrate the limitations of mandatory disclosures in the informed consent process. The voices of both patients and their doctors are critical to mitigate violations of privacy and a degradation of trust as stakeholders negotiate the terms of academic and commercial engagement. Implications for practice Further education is needed regarding how and why specimens and data in precision oncology research may be commercialized for both patients and providers alike. This process will require increased transparency, comprehension, and engagement of involved stakeholders.
Alpha-tACS effect on inhibitory control and feasibility of administration in community outpatient substance use treatment

Abstract Background Deficits in inhibitory control (IC) and distress tolerance (DT) are associated with substance use disorders (SUD) and post-treatment return to substance use. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) modulates the neural oscillations that are associated with the cognitive and affective mechanisms contributing to IC and DT. The aims of the current study were to examine the feasibility and acceptability of administering tACS in a community-based SUD treatment setting, and to test the effect of alpha-tACS on IC and DT. Method A double-blind, randomized, active sham-controlled trial of treatment-seeking adults with a SUD (N = 30, Meanage = 43.2 years, 70.0% male). Participants attended two sessions and completed computerized inhibitory control and distress tolerance tasks while receiving tACS targeting the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Participants received sham-tACS and were then randomized to receive sham-, alpha-, or gamma-tACS within 2–3 days. Results Treatment retention was 87%. Participant self-reported belief of having received tACS and mean side effect intensity ratings did not differ across conditions, with all side effect ratings in the absent to mild range. There was a large (d = 0.83) and significant effect of alpha-tACS on inhibitory control compared to sham-tACS (β = 1.78, SE = 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.41, 3.14, p Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study of tACS in adults with a SUD. Our findings provide preliminary evidence for recruitment, retention, and administration feasibility of tACS in a community-based substance use treatment program and a beneficial effect of alpha-tACS on inhibitory control.
Does Morality Hamper the Market Process? A Reappraisal of the Mises Thesis

Ludwig von Mises pioneered the praxeological critique of economic interventionism. He argued that the state's manipulation of market processes through wage and price controls, taxes and subsidies, central bank credit manipulation, and other regulatory policies would create unintended and undesirable consequences, and, therefore, further rounds of intervention. Mounting interventions would systematically disturb market processes and tend toward central economic planning. But Mises erred in his later attempt to equate moral reformism, especially the call for a morally improved capitalism, with interventionism. He claimed that moral reforms would, like any kind of economic intervention, hinder market processes and logically lead toward authoritarian control of the economy. Mises therefore insisted that a morally improved capitalism is unworkable. If Mises is correct, the effort of this Journal is not only in vain, it might unwittingly point in the direction of authoritarianism. This article puts Mises' praxeological reasoning to the test. We argue that his conclusions cannot be accepted as deduced from solid economic analysis and praxeological reasoning. Mises failed to provide a successful a priori argument showing that the logic of moral persuasion necessarily hampers market processes and logically tends toward authoritarianism.
Activity, Activity Coefficient, and Sample Problems

The material presented in this lecture is adapted from Chapter 9 in T&M. First, we will introduce a new thermodynamic function known as the activity of component i, which will describe deviations from the ideal solution behavior. Second, we will define the product of RT and the natural logarithm of the activity of component i as the difference between the partial molar Gibbs free energy of component i in the actual non-ideal solution and the partial molar Gibbs free energy of component i in a reference state having the same temperature as that of the non-ideal solution. Third, we will revisit the pure-component reference state, originally introduced in Lecture 24, and use it in this lecture and beyond. Fourth, we will show that if we choose the pure-component reference state, when the solution approaches ideality, the activity of component i is equal to the mole fraction of component i. We will also define the ratio of the activity of component i and the mole fraction of component i as the activity coefficient, which will approach unity when the solution approaches ideality. Fifth, we will discuss how to calculate the activity of component i using a mathematical model for the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing. Sixth, we will solve Sample Problem 26-1 to calculate the activity coefficients of components 1 and 2 in a non-ideal binary solution for which a mathematical model for the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing is known, including discussing the model properties when the solution composition varies from 0 (pure component 1) to 0.5 (equimolar composition) to 1 (pure component 2). We will also discuss, mathematically and graphically, deviations from ideality as reflected in the activity coefficients of components 1 and 2 as a function of the solution composition. Specifically, we will show that the activity coefficient is equal to 1 in an ideal solution, exhibits positive deviations from ideality when it is larger than 1, and exhibits negative deviations from ideality when it is smaller than 1. Finally, we will solve Sample Problem 26-2 to calculate the activity coefficient of component 2 in a non-ideal binary solution as a function of T, P, and the solution composition, given the activity coefficient of component 1 as a function of T, P, and the solution composition.
Japanese te iu ka as a sentence-final expression in writing

The present study explores cases of the use of the Japanese expression te iu ka in the sentence-final position in internet blogs and discussion boards. The analysis shows that there are two types of sentence-final te iu ka: one used for adding supplementary information and the other for mitigating the preceding statement. The present study also discusses processes through which te iu ka is placed in the sentence-final position. When sentence-final te iu ka is used to add supplementary information, the placement of te iu ka in the sentence-final position is caused by right dislocation. When sentence-final te iu ka is used for mitigation, it is caused by the omission of the B component in A te iu ka B. The present study contributes to the existing literature by offering the notion of two different formation processes of sentence-final te iu ka, which also affect its pragmatic functions.
Experimental Evaluation of Drive-by Health Monitoring on a Short-Span Bridge Using OMA Techniques

In bridge health monitoring, experts have sought to reduce costs associated with data acquisition systems through the development of an indirect Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) style approach formally known as drive-by health monitoring (DBHM). DBHM is theoretically more cost effective than direct health monitoring strategies, as it can ideally utilize a less dense array of sensors mounted on a single vehicle to capture modal data across a network of bridges. The methodology has received considerable attention the past few decades, with several studies verifying its system identification and damage detection capabilities. However, there exists a noticeable lack of full-scale studies demonstrating the feasibility of the methodology on bridges shorter than 18.28 m (60 ft). Additionally, no studies have been conducted to compare the system identification capabilities of different OMA techniques under the DBHM framework. To address these gaps in research, this study experimentally investigates the feasibility of employing OMA techniques in DBHM to identify the modal properties of a full-scale bridge with spans shorter than 18.28 m (60 ft). Multiple OMA techniques are compared to identify if there exists an approach that offers superior system identification capabilities for data collected from a passenger vehicle traveling at moderate velocities. The results from the experimental study demonstrate that OMA techniques can be leveraged to successfully identify short-span bridge frequencies in the dynamic response of a passenger vehicle even when time variant and nonlinear system properties are present.
Apodized Pi-PSFBG Sensor in Structural Health Monitoring

Cross-sensitivity effects in simultaneous measurements using fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensors is a challenging problem in structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. In this paper, a neural network (NN) approach is employed to discriminate between effects of strain, temperature, and vibration on the apodized pi-phase shifted FBG sensor using a single measurement of Bragg wavelength shift. The results demonstrate that the modeled sensor is capable of detecting three concurrent parameters in various ranges. Moreover, the identified parameters are clearly separated by our proposed NN methodology.
New Horizons: Next-Generation Insulin Analogs: Structural Principles and Clinical Goals.

Design of "first-generation" insulin analogs over the past three decades has provided pharmaceutical formulations with tailored pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties. Application of a molecular tool-kit-integrating protein sequence, chemical modification and formulation-has thus led to improved prandial and basal formulations for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Although PK/PD changes were modest in relation to prior formulations of human and animal insulins, significant clinical advantages in efficacy (mean glycemia) and safety (rates of hypoglycemia) were obtained. Continuing innovation is providing further improvements to achieve ultra-rapid and ultra-basal analog formulations in an effort to reduce glycemic variability and optimize time in range. Beyond such PK/PD metrics, next-generation insulin analogs seek to exploit therapeutic mechanisms: glucose-responsive ("smart") analogs, pathway-specific ("biased") analogs, and organ-targeted analogs. Smart insulin analogs and delivery systems promise to mitigate hypoglycemic risk, a critical barrier to glycemic control, whereas biased and organ-targeted insulin analogs may better recapitulate physiologic hormonal regulation. In each therapeutic class considerations of cost and stability will impact utilization and global distribution. This review highlights structural principles underlying next-generation design efforts, their respective biological rationale and potential clinical applications.
Embedded Librarian Ideas: Best Practices Explored and Redefined

This paper explores the multitude of ways in which embedded librarianship can be implemented. Although the paper is primarily targeted to academic librarians in higher education settings, the literature examined and the ideas presented can support secondary and college level inter-disciplinary teaching initiatives. The ideas presented are sourced from scholarly journal articles, monographs, and best practices implemented by the author. Attention is given to programs where Information Literacy is infused into a school’s General Education curriculum. Academic librarian pedagogy, outreach, and networking strategies are also highlighted. The author is especially interested in projects that address student academic success after an embedded program is put into effect. Non-traditional embedded endeavors are especially of interest; programs where academic librarians embed themselves with high schools to support college preparation and readiness are discussed.
Rates of convergence for continued fractions of irrational numbers

The dynamics of the Gauss Map suggests a way to compare the convergence to a real number ζ e(0,l) of a continued fraction and the divergence of the orbit of ζ Of particular interest is the comparison of the rate of convergence to ζ of its simple continued fraction and the rate of divergence by the Gauss Map of the orbit of ζ for all irrational numbers in (0,l). We state and prove sharp inequalities for the convergence of the sequence of rational convergents of an irrational number ζ. We show that the product of the rate of convergence of the continued fraction of ζ and the rate of divergence by the Gauss Map of the orbit of ζ equals 1.
The cascade ICF reactor with an x-ray and debris shield and a heavy-ion driver

The use of a 1-kg solid-lithium x-ray and debris shield around each fusion fuel pellet prevents vaporization of, and destructive shock waves in, the Cascade blanket granules thereby increasing their lifetime. The shield vaporizes as it absorbs energy and the vapor flows into the blanket several centimeters. The shield also increases tritium breeding and enhances vacuum pumping of high Z materials that are vaporized in the fuel pellet. Using heavy ion beams allows illumination of the fuel pellets with the restricted geometry present in Cascade. We used a 5 MJ driver with 18 beams (one 3 {times} 3 array from each end).
Models as Tools, Especially for Making Sense of Problems

For us, a model is a tool to solve a problem. Our research concentrates on what learners actually do when they solve problems that demand fresh insight. We want learners to build ideas and understanding they can use to solve new problems. In relation to this goal, the ways specific models help make sense of novel situations can become important subjects for investigation. We anchor our discussion to concrete examples drawn from elementary arithmetic.
Purification and properties of deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerases from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum.

Abstract The nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases have been partially purified from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum. Two major forms of the enzyme are readily separated upon phosphocellulose chromatography. One of these (R) is resistant to the mushroom toxin α-amanitin, has a low salt optimum, and has a relatively low preference for denatured DNA over native DNA. This enzyme is therefore probably identifiable with RNA polymerase I from the higher eukaryotes. The other enzyme (S) is sensitive to α-amanitin, has a relatively high salt optimum, and has a relatively high preference for denatured DNA over native DNA. This enzyme is apparently analogous to RNA polymerase II from the higher eukaryotes. Slime mold RNA polymerase R has been purified to near homogeneity. This enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 13.1 S. Polyacrylamide gels run under denaturing conditions reveal a probable subunit structure as follows: 200,0001; 135,0001; 45,0001; 24,0002; 17,0001.
Headaches and seizures

A 20-year-old Hispanic man presented to the emergency department because of the recent onset of headaches and seizures. He had no history of a previous illness. The patient had moved to Texas from Mexico approximately 2 years earlier. Imaging studies are shown below (Figures ​(Figures11–4). Figure 1 Axial fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance (MR) image shows a low-signal-intensity mass (arrowhead) in the left frontal lobe that contains a high-signal-intensity nodule (arrow). Figure 4 Axial T2-weighted MR image shows a cystic mass in the posterior aspect of the left temporal lobe (arrowheads) that is surrounded by edema (arrows). For diagnosis and discussion, see the following page. DIAGNOSIS: Neurocysticercosis.