cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Tone, Play, and Healing: Commentary on Riordan's Case Studies

The clinical work reported by Riordan (2012) is discussed, with attention to prosody (tone) and other subjectively inferred aspects of his therapeutic style with narcissistically troubled clients. Consideration is also given to cultural contexts relevant to understanding the reported increase in narcissistic problems in contemporary patients, the personality and genuineness of the therapist as factors in psychological healing, and the role of play and playfulness in reducing the suffering of clients who rely on narcissistic defenses to compensate for a fragile, erratic, or unrealistic sense of self-esteem. The focus throughout is on the less specifiable, more artistic elements of the psychotherapy process.
Children's Cognitive Maps of Large-Scale Spaces: Effects of Exploration, Direction, and Repeated Experience.

Abstract Kindergarteners and third graders (mean ages 5–10 and 8–9 years) repeatedly encountered a model town and then constructed the town from memory. In Experiment 1, the effect of different types of exploration on the development of a cognitive map was assessed. Children who were directed to walk within the town placed buildings more accurately than children who had walked along the town's perimeter. Children who walked within the town and were directed to the spatial relationships among buildings had the highest placement accuracy. Third graders were more accurate than kindergarteners across the three types of exploration. In Experiment 2, children were permitted to explore the town alone for an unlimited amount of time. Under these conditions, third graders still placed buildings more accurately than kindergarteners. A comparison of Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that children developed more accurate cognitive maps when motor activity and attention were directed by the experimenter as opposed to being directed by the child. Accuracy improved with repeated walks and constructions in both experiments, and the results of Experiment 3 suggested that constructing facilitated the development of the cognitive map as much as walking. It was concluded that third graders' cognitive maps were more accurate than kindergarteners' maps due to differences in the speed of acquisition and storage of spatial information.
Supporting the Transition from Inpatient Hospitalization to School

The School Transition Program (STP) is a 3-month intervention developed to address the unique needs of youth transitioning back to school from an inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. The STP focuses on promoting communication across school, home, and hospital. It includes psychoeducation, emotional support for caregivers, and the creation of transition plans in collaboration with school staff and families. Matching interventions to the academic, social, emotional/behavioral needs of these youth and increasing support to their caregivers has the potential to ease stress, reduce challenges and promote success during and after the transition period.
A multi-zone building energy simulation of a data center model with hot and cold aisles

Abstract In this paper, a building energy simulation code, EnergyPlus, was used to study the effects of wall boundary conditions, climatic locations, supply air temperatures, and volumetric flow rates, on the energy consumption and thermal performance of a popular data center model. The data center model having 1120 servers distributed in four rows of rack was investigated under two major climatic conditions–hot and humid (Miami, FL), and cool and humid (Chicago, IL). A multi-zone modeling approach was proposed to resolve the hot and cold aisles in the data center, and was compared to existing well-mixed single-zone model. Using the multi-zone approach that is believed more reasonable, both monthly and annual overall energy consumptions as well as cooling load were analyzed under various boundary conditions. In addition, monthly thermal behavior in the zones for hot and cold aisles within the data center was analyzed. The simulation results show that thermal performance of the data center is significantly affected by locations or climatic conditions. The effects of location and wall boundary conditions are particularly appreciable during the summer and winter seasons. An optimal supply temperature of 11.8 °C, and air flow rate of 2.5 m 3 /s were found to be most preferred selections for the data center model.
A programmatic and methodologic review and synthesis of clinic-based risk-reduction interventions for sexually transmitted infections: research and practice implications.

The overarching goal of this article is to systematically review and synthesize empirical findings for sexually transmitted disease risk-reduction programs that were developed and implemented specifically for adolescents seeking health care services at clinical venues. The objective is to examine the reported efficacy of these programs in reducing adolescents’ sexually transmitted infection (STI)-associated behavior, in enhancing theoretically and empirically important psychosocial mediators associated with the adoption of STI-preventive behaviors, and, most important, in reducing adolescents’ risk of acquiring an STI. In addition, our review assesses program and methodologic characteristics of the studies, determines compliance with standardized reporting guidelines, identifies a subset of program characteristics that are related to efficacy in terms of modifying adolescents’ sexual risk behaviors, and examines the research and practice implications of these findings for implementing evidence-based STI risk-reduction programs in clinics.
Resonances/decaying states and the mathematics of quantum physics

There is sufficient experimental evidence that a Breit–Wigner scattering resonance of width Γ is the same physical entity as an exponentially decaying Gamow state of lifetime τ = ℏ / Γ . In order to derive a Gamow ket with exponential time evolution from the Breit–Wigner scattering amplitude of the S-matrix pole, one has to make assumptions about the mathematical properties of the energy wave function for the prepared in-state φ + and the detected out-“state” ψ − of a resonance scattering experiment. These mathematical properties identify the space of in-state energy-wave functions as { φ + ( E ) } = H 2 ¯ and of out-state wave functions as { ψ − ( E ) } = H + 2 as the Hardy function spaces of the lower and upper complex energy plane. The semigroup-time asymmetry t 0 = 0 t ∞ of causality is a consequence of the Paley-Wiener theorem for Hardy spaces. The experimental meaning of the begmning of time t 0 will be discussed.
Multiple malignant gastric stromal tumors presenting with GI bleeding: a case report and a review of the literature.

Neoplasms arising from the smooth muscle of the digestive tract are uncommon, comprising only 1% of GI tumors.1 These smooth muscle tumors are known for their variable clinical behavior and for the difficulty in determining whether they are benign or malignant. They have been classified traditionally as leiomyomas or leiomyosarcomas because they resemble smooth muscle tumors at other anatomic sites. However, their origin and differentiation have been a source of controversy. These tumors are thought to arise from primitive mesenchymal cells that show variable differentiation along one or more connective tissue cell lines.2 The term “gastrointestinal stromal tumor” (GIST) was devised for such neoplasms, acknowledging uncertainties in behavior and phenotype.3 However, the large majority of these tumors exhibit differentiation toward smooth muscle cells, as evidenced by ultrastructural and immunohistochemic studies.2 We describe here the case of a young woman who presented with GI bleeding and was subsequently found to have multiple GISTs. A review of published information on GIST and gastric smooth muscle tumors indicates the latter to be rare because malignant GISTs occur almost always as solitary lesions.4 There are only four previously reported cases of multiple malignant stromal tumors in the stomach.5-8
Structure and expression of the Arabidopsis CaM-3 calmodulin gene

Genomic and cDNA sequences encoding a calmodulin (CaM) gene from Arabidopsis (ACaM-3) have been isolated and characterized. ACaM-3 represents a sequence distinct from two previously isolated Arabidopsis CaM cDNA clones. A 2.3 kb Eco RI restriction fragment was sequenced and found to encode a complete CaM-coding sequence interrupted by a single 491 bp intron, together with 750 bp and 600 bp of 5′ and 3′ flanking sequences, respectively. The polypeptide encoded by ACaM-3 is identical to that encoded by ACaM-2 and it differs from the one encoded by ACaM-1 by four of 148 residues. The putative promoter of ACaM-3 was atypical of CaM genes previously isolated from animals in that it contained consensus TATA and CAAT box sequences and lacked GC-rich regions. Two DNA sequence elements closely resembling cyclic AMP regulatory elements, which have been identified in animal CaM genes, were located in the 5′ flanking region of ACaM-3. Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction amplification assays confirmed that each of the three ACaM mRNAs were expressed in similar but distinct patterns in different organs. ACaM-1 mRNA was the only species detectable in root RNA fractions, and ACaM-3 mRNA could not be detected in floral stalks. Accumulation of each of the three CaM mRNAs in leaves was induced by a touch stimulus, but the kinetics and extent of the induction varied among the three mRNA species. Run-on transcription assays indicated that a portion of the differences in accumulation of ACaM-1, 2, and 3 mRNAs in leaves and siliques was attributable to differences in their net rates of transcription.
Fluorometric assay for aflatoxins.

The method that is now widely adopted by the government laboratories for the assay of individual aflatoxin components (B/sub 1/, B/sub 2/, G/sub 1/, and G/sub 2/) utilizes a TLC technique. The extraction and clean-up steps of this technique were further researched but the method is still time consuming. It is, therefore, very important to develop a rapid and accurate assay technique for aflatoxins. The current research proposes a technique which utilizes a Turner Fluorometer.
Optically responsive liquid crystal microfibers for display and nondisplay applications

We demonstrate the fabrication and characterization of optically-tunable and stimuli-responsive electrospun microfibers endowed with liquid crystal (LC) functionality. The highly flexible LC microfibers are electrospun from a solution of 4- pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and polylactic acid (PLA) in chloroform/acetone solvent. In the electrospinning process, the low molecular weight 5CB phase-separates and self-assembles to form a planarly aligned nematic core within a PLA shell. Most importantly, the orientation of LC domains and, therefore, the optical properties of the 5CB/PLA fibers can be tuned by application of an external electric field. These properties of LC fibers may, in turn, be utilized to fabricate a variety of photonic textiles, and ultimately may introduce an entirely new manufacturing process where weaving will reach well beyond the roll-to-roll manufacturing envisioned for the currently emerging flexible displays printed on flexible plastic substrates.
Intravenous caval interruption for pulmonary embolism in cardiac disease.

Surgical ligation or plication of the inferior vena cava in acutely ill patients with significant cardiopulmonary disease carries a high mortality. Intravenous interruption of the inferior vena cava by an intracaval umbrella-like device placed under local anesthesia has been performed in 15 patients with significant cardiac disease: 12 with chronic congestive heart failure and 3 with intractable heart failure and shock. There was one early death from heart failure and shock three days after caval interruption and three late deaths from congestive heart failure and one from ruptured sigmoid diverticulitis. The remaining ten patients are alive and well 2 months to 11½ months after caval interruption. There has been no further recurrence of pulmonary embolism.
Effects of high atom densities on the NMR relaxation times in solid T 2 and DT

Experimental NMR data on solid T/sub 2/ and DT are used to study the effects of high-atom densities on the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times. Data for the second moments, the self-diffusion coefficient, and T/sub 1/ are analyzed and compared to similar measurements in H/sub 2/, D/sub 2/, and HD in order to isolate the contributions to these quantities due to atoms. Subtle effects are seen on the second moments but no direct effect is seen on the value of T/sub 1/ even for atom densities of order 10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/.
Configuring a fuel cell based residential combined heat and power system

Abstract The design and performance of a fuel cell based residential combined heat and power (CHP) system operating on natural gas has been analyzed. The natural gas is first converted to a hydrogen-rich reformate in a steam reformer based fuel processor, and the hydrogen is then electrochemically oxidized in a low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell to generate electric power. The heat generated in the fuel cell and the available heat in the exhaust gas is recovered to meet residential needs for hot water and space heating. Two fuel processor configurations have been studied. One of the configurations was explored to quantify the effects of design and operating parameters, which include pressure, temperature, and steam-to-carbon ratio in the fuel processor, and fuel utilization in the fuel cell. The second configuration applied the lessons from the study of the first configuration to increase the CHP efficiency. Results from the two configurations allow a quantitative comparison of the design alternatives. The analyses showed that these systems can operate at electrical efficiencies of ∼46% and combined heat and power efficiencies of ∼90%.
Oxidation of C-H bonds by [(bpy)2(py)RuIVO]2+ occurs by hydrogen atom abstraction.

Anaerobic oxidations of 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA), xanthene, and fluorene by [(bpy)2(py)RuIVO]2+ in acetonitrile solution give mixtures of products including oxygenated and non-oxygenated compounds. The products include those formed by organic radical dimerization, such as 9,9‘-bixanthene, as well as by oxygen-atom transfer (e.g., xanthone). The kinetics of these reactions have been measured. The kinetic isotope effect for oxidation of DHA vs DHA-d4 gives kH/kD ≥ 35 ± 1. The data indicate a mechanism of initial hydrogen-atom abstraction forming radicals that dimerize, disproportionate and are trapped by the oxidant. This mechanism also appears to apply to the oxidations of toluene, ethylbenzene, cumene, indene, and cyclohexene. The rate constants for H-atom abstraction from these substrates correlate well with the strength of the C−H bond that is cleaved. Rate constants for abstraction from DHA and toluene also correlate with those for oxygen radicals and other oxidants. The rate constant for H-atom tr...
M1/70 attenuates blood-borne neutrophil oxidants, activation, and myofiber damage following stretch injury

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the CD11b-dependent respiratory burst in neutrophil oxidant generation and activation, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production, and myofiber damage af...
Quantum-resolved angular distributions of neutral products in electron-stimulated processes: NO desorption from and NO2 dissociation on Pt(111)

Abstract We present the first quantum-resolved angular distributions of ground-state neutral molecules which are products of electron stimulated desorption (ESD) and electron stimulated dissociation. Laser resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) and two-dimensional imaging have been used to obtain angular distributions of NO desorbed by 350 eV electrons from O-precovered Pt(111). In a similar fashion, we have measured angular distributions for the NO product of NO 2 dissociation on clean and O-precovered Pt(111). In all cases, we observe narrow widths which are roughly the same as ion distributions determined by ESDIAD (ESD ion angular distributions). The angular distribution for NO ESD is sharply peaked (7° half-width at half maximum) along the surface normal for an O coverage (θ o ) of 0.25 monolayer (ML). The angular distribution of the NO product from dissociation of side-bonded NO 2 on clean Pt(111) is unexpectedly peaked about the surface normal, and thus does not reflect dissociative forces parallel to the surface or the ∼ 25° off-normal ground-state bond direction. On O-precovered Pt(111), where NO 2 is N-bonded, ∼ 6° off-normal beams are observed. When the substrate is precovered with θ o > 0.5 ML, local disorder creates asymmetric site geometries which result in multiple peaked angular distributions with both normal and off-normal (∼9–10°) components; similar effects for NO ESD are observed. In all these studies, the NO angular distributions are invariant to rotational or vibrational state. This implies that the lateral translational degrees of freedom are essentially de-coupled from the internal modes of the molecule. The results are discussed in terms of desorption mechanisms, dissociative forces, site geometries, and disordered coadsorbate layers.
Self‐perceived interpersonal competence in older schizophrenia patients: the role of patient characteristics and psychosocial factors

Semple SJ, Patterson TL, Shaw WS, Grant I, Moscona S, Jeste DV. Self-perceived interpersonal competence in older schizophrenia patients: the role of patient characteristics and psychosocial factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 126–135. © Munksgaard 1999. Objective: This study compared older schizophrenia patients with normal subjects in terms of their perceived interpersonal competence. Method: A total of 95 middle-aged and elderly schizophrenia patients and 85 age-matched normal subjects completed the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire. Results: Patients scored significantly lower than normal subjects on initiation, provision of emotional support, and conflict management. Severity of psychiatric symptoms and other patient characteristics were examined as predictors of interpersonal competence among patients. Negative symptoms were inversely related to interpersonal competence, whereas emotional support from others and a positive appraisal coping style both yielded positive associations. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need for clinical interventions designed to enhance the interpersonal skills of older schizophrenia patients, particularly those with marked negative symptoms.
The misdiagnosis of malignant melanoma

Despite the increasing awareness of malignant melanoma over the last 40 years, clinical diagnostic accuracy remains disappointing. Malignant melanoma can masquerade clinically as benign lesions (false negatives), and benign pigmented lesions can clinically simulate malignant melanoma (false positives). Histologic examination of pigmented lesions is therefore important to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. We review many of the published reports of benign lesions mimicking melanoma and melanoma masquerading as other entities as well as present additional cases of clinical misdiagnoses of melanoma.
Ground Contact Model for Mars Science Laboratory Mission Simulations

The Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II (POST 2) has been successful in simulating the flight of launch vehicles and entry bodies on earth and other planets. POST 2 has been the primary simulation tool for the Entry Descent, and Landing (EDL) phase of numerous Mars lander missions such as Mars Pathfinder in 1997, the twin Mars Exploration Rovers (MER-A and MER-B) in 2004, Mars Phoenix lander in 2007, and it is now the main trajectory simulation tool for Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) in 2012. In all previous missions, the POST 2 simulation ended before ground impact, and a tool other than POST 2 simulated landing dynamics. It would be ideal for one tool to simulate the entire EDL sequence, thus avoiding errors that could be introduced by handing off position, velocity, or other fight parameters from one simulation to the other. The desire to have one continuous end-to-end simulation was the motivation for developing the ground interaction model in POST 2. Rover landing, including the detection of the postlanding state, is a very critical part of the MSL mission, as the EDL landing sequence continues for a few seconds after landing. The method explained in this paper illustrates how a simple ground force interaction model has been added to POST 2, which allows simulation of the entire EDL from atmospheric entry through touchdown.
Factors affecting reports of fragmenting visual images

Seven experiments employing simulation as well as actual voluntary stabilization were performed to study the reporting of fragmenting visual images. The results indicated a significant bias toward the reporting of meaningful fragments when verbal reports were used throughout each trial. Moreover, tracings of fragments were completely accurate only when one line segment of the original pattern remained, with errors becoming increasingly likely as the number of segments remaining increased. Diagonally oriented line segments disappeared more frequently than those oriented either vertically or horizontally. Locus of fixation proved important, but Hebb’s hypothesis concerning the preponderance of meaningful fragments was not supported.
Posterior circulation infarction: Anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical correlation

Posterior circulation cerebrovascular disease may be responsible for clinical syndromes that are determined by the vascular territory affected. An anatomic/topographic approach to the brain stem and cerebellum, relating the cross-sectional and functional anatomy to the vascular supply territories, is useful in the analysis of imaging studies of patients with posterior circulation cerebrovascular disease. Knowledge of the typical vascular distributions may be particularly useful for cases that do not show the classical clinical brain stem and cerebellar infarction syndromes. This approach may serve to improve our understanding of cerebrovascular disease in the posterior fossa.
Thrips Vectors of Tospoviruses

Tospoviruses belong to the sole phytovirus genus, Tospovirus , in the family Bunyaviridae . Tospoviruses are known to be exclusively transmitted by thrips belonging to the family Thripidae and subfamily Thripinae. Of the known 1,710 species of Thripidae only 14 thrips species are currently reported to transmit tospoviruses. Thrips-transmitted tospoviruses cause severe yield losses to several economically important crops in the United States and worldwide. For instance, a single Tospovirus ( Tomato spotted wilt virus ) alone caused an estimated $1.4 billion in losses in the U.S. over 10 years. Global trade and associated movement of plant materials across borders have introduced tospoviruses and their vectors into newer areas. Advances in serological and molecular techniques have also led to identification of new tospoviruses. This scenario has also initiated new vector-pathogen interactions between introduced and native thrips species and tospoviruses. The goal of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive and updated list of thrips species that serve as vectors of tospoviruses along with information pertaining to common names, key diagnostic characters, distribution, important crops economically affected, and thrips and Tospovirus -induced symptoms. The manuscript is prepared with special emphasis to the U.S., but information pertaining to other countries is also included.
Counseling those who care for a relative with Alzheimer's disease

Seventy percent of an estimated four million Americans suffering from Alzheimer's disease remain at home, cared for by a family member. Because of the stress involved in this role, these caregivers are vulnerable to financial, physical, and emotional losses. Some caregivers cope well under the stress; others do not. This paper is aimed at how pastoral counselors might enhance the coping strategies of these caregivers.
Cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cysts : a comparison of pseudocysts, serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystic neoplasms, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Pancreatic cystic lesions include inflammatory pseudocysts, benign serous tumors, and mucinous neoplasms, some of which are malignant. Clinical and radiologic indices are often inadequate to discriminate reliably among these possibilities. In an attempt to develop new preoperative diagnostic criteria to assist in decisions regarding therapy, the authors have performed cyst fluid analysis for tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen: CEA, CA 125, and CA 19.9), amylase content, amylase isoenzymes, relative viscosity, and cytology on 26 pancreatic cysts. The cases included nine pseudocysts, five serous cystadenomas, 4 mucinous cystic neoplasms, 7 mucinous cystadenocarcinomas, and one mucinous ductal adenocarcinoma with cystic degeneration. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels were high (> 367) in all benign and malignant mucinous cysts, but were low ( serum viscosity) values in 89% of mucinous tumors and low values (< serum) in all pseudocysts and serous cystadenomas (p < 0.01). Cytologic analysis of cyst fluids was of limited value in differentiating pseudocysts from serous cystadenoma, but in seven of eight mucinous tumors provided useful diagnostic information and correctly classified three of five malignant tumors. The authors conclude that cyst fluid analysis can provide a preoperative classification of these diagnostically difficult lesions. The combination of viscosity, CEA, CA 125, and cytology can reliably distinguish malignant cystic tumors and potentially premalignant mucinous cystic neoplasms from pseudocysts and serous cystadenomas. Amylase content with isoenzyme analysis is useful to identify pseudocysts.
A bright and compact source of polarization entangled photons

We present a source of polarization entangled photons that uses periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate and interferometers based on polarization beam displacers to achieve stable operation with few critical alignments.
Development and psychometric properties of the Ethics Environment Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVES The author reports on the development and the psychometric properties of the Ethics Environment Questionnaire (EEQ), an instrument by which to measure the opinions of health-care providers about ethics in their clinical practice organizations. The EEQ was developed to increase the number of valid and reliable measures pertaining to ethics in health-care delivery. METHODS The EEQ is a 20-item self-administered questionnaire using a Likert-type 5-point format, offering ease of administration. It is applicable to a cross-section of health-care practitioners and health-care facilities. The mean administration time is 10 minutes. The EEQ represents testing on 450 respondents in acute care settings among a cross-section of acute care facilities. RESULTS Internal consistency reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.93, and the test-retest reliability is 0.88. Construct, content, and criterion validity are established. The scale is unidimensional, with factor loadings exceeding the minimum preset criterion. Mean score is 3.1 out of 5.0, with scores of 3.5 and above interpreted as reflective of a positive ethics environment. CONCLUSIONS The EEQ provides a measure of ethics in health-care organizations among multi-practitioners in clinical practice on a valid, reliable, cost effective, and easily administered instrument that requires minimum investment of personnel time.
Excitatory synapses from CA3 pyramidal cells onto neighboring pyramidal cells differ from those onto inhibitory interneurons.

The glutamatergic pyramidal cell (PYR) to pyramidal cell synapse was compared to the PYR to inhibitory interneuron (INT) synapse in area CA3 of rat hippocampal roller-tube cultures. Paired-pulses and tetanic stimulations of a presynaptic PYR were conducted utilizing dual whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of either two PYRs or of a PYR and visually identified stratum oriens INT. Differences in synaptic characteristics were observed, depending on the postsynaptic target cell. Across cell pairs the variation of EPSC amplitudes was much larger for postsynaptic PYRs than for INTs. EPSCs recorded from INTs had faster rise times and shorter decays than those recorded in PYRs. There were also differences in the short-term plasticity of these synapses. Dual PYR:PYR recordings during paired-pulse stimulation at 100 ms interstimulus intervals demonstrated no modulation of EPSC amplitudes, while PYR:INT synapses showed paired-pulse depression. During trains of action potentials, the PYR:PYR EPSCs followed the presynaptic action potential train reliably, with little depression of EPSCs, while PYR:INT EPSCs demonstrated failures of transmission or profound depression after the initial EPSC. These results indicate multiple differences at both the pre- and postsynaptic level in the characteristics of pyramidal cell synapses that depend on the postsynaptic target's identity as either PYR or INT. Synapse 42:199–202, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microstructural Analysis of a Silver-Plated Trombone

The joint was sectioned, mounted, and polished with standard metallographic procedures. Due to the fact that several different materials were used in this joint, it was not possible to reveal all microstructures simultaneously with a single etchant. The metallographic sample, shown in Fig. 3, prepared from the location shown in Fig. 2, was initially etched with a potassium dichromate solution: 2 g K2Cr2O7, 8 mL H2SO4, 4 drops HCl, 125 mL H2O. The sample was viewed under crossed polars to reveal the brass microstructure (Regions 1, 3, and 5 in Fig. 4). The lead–tin solder of the brace joint was severely attacked by the potassium dichromate. The sample was re-polished and imaged in the as-polished condition, Fig. 5. To reveal the microstructure of the silver braze (Region 6, Fig. 4), the specimen was etched with a modified Stewart’s reagent: A solution of 50 mL 3% hydrogen peroxide and 50 mL ammonium hydroxide diluted with 25 mL of water. The as-prepared samples were examined under a light microscope (LM), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to qualitatively identify composition of the various components.
Clinical Features of Acute Allergic Reactions to Peanut and Tree Nuts in Children

Background. Peanut (PN) and tree nut (TN) allergies are potentially life-threatening, rarely outgrown, and appear to be increasing in prevalence. However, there is relatively little reported about the clinical features of acute reactions to these foods and their potential association. Objective. To describe the clinical features of acute reactions during initial and subsequent accidental ingestions of PN and TN among children with a history of at least one acute allergic reaction to these foods. Design. Questionnaire survey, examination, and serologic testing for specific IgE antibody of patients with convincing histories of acute reactions (at least one organ system involved within 60 minutes of ingestion) to PN or TN. Results. A total of 122 patients (63% males; median age, 8 years at time of study) had acute reactions; 68 had reactions only to PN, 20 only to TN, and 34 to both PN and TN. Of those reacting to TN, 34 had reactions to one, 12 to two, and 8 to three or more different TN, the most common being walnut, almond, and pecan. Initial reactions usually occurred at home (median age, 24 months for PN and 62 months for TN) and were considered to result from a first exposure in 72% of cases. Eighty-nine percent of the reactions involved the skin (urticaria, angioedema), 52% the respiratory tract (wheezing, throat tightness, repetitive coughing, dyspnea), and 32% the gastrointestinal tract (vomiting, diarrhea). Two organ systems were affected in 31% of initial reactions, and all three in 21% of reactions. Thirty-eight of 190 first reactions to PN or TN were treated with epinephrine. Accidental ingestions occurred in 55% of PN-allergic children (average of two accidents per patient with an accidental ingestion) and in 30% of TN-allergic children over a median period of 5.5 years. On average, symptoms after accidental exposure were generally similar to those at initial exposure. Accidents occurred commonly in school but also at home and in restaurants. Modes of accidental ingestion included sharing food, hidden ingredients, cross-contamination, and school craft projects using peanut butter. Eighty-three percent of the children were breastfed, with >90% of the mothers ingesting PN and at least one TN during lactation. Among patients reporting no history of exposure (>60% of patients for each TN), IgE antibodies were found to a particular TN in 50% to 82% of patients and to PN in 100% of patients. Conclusions. Acute allergic reactions to PN occur early in life. PN and TN allergic reactions coexist in one third of PN-allergic patients, frequently occur on first known exposure, and may be life-threatening, requiring emergency treatment. Accidental ingestions are common, occur frequently outside of the home, and often require emergency treatment. Consequently, early diagnosis followed by education on avoidance and treatment measures (including self-administered epinephrine) is imperative.
Near-field spectroscopy of selectively oxidized vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

Selectively oxidized vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELS) have been studied by spectrally resolved near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). We have obtained spatially and spectrally resolved images of both subthreshold emission and lasing emission from a selectively oxidized VCSEL operating at a wavelength of 850 nm. Below threshold, highly local high gain regions, emitting local intensity maxima within the active area, were observed; these were found to serve as lasing centers just above threshold. Above threshold, the near field spatial modal distributions of low order transverse modes were identified by spectrally analyzing the emission; these were found to be complex and significantly different from those measured in the far field.
Specifying citizenship: subaltern politics of rights and justice in contemporary India

This article uses the lens of development discourse to shed light on subaltern politics of citizenship and rights claims in contemporary India. It argues that battles for development entitlements allow subaltern subjects to meaningfully inhabit and simultaneously alter the contours of legal citizenship, which they have been formally granted by the Indian constitution, but, in effect, denied. Subaltern claims on citizenship, articulated from a position of subordination and difference, not equality, and through specific idioms, contest and radically transform the generic and universal slot of personhood that liberalism provides – one that is rational, secular, sovereign and individualistic. Their citizenship claims draw upon multiple discourses, extending well beyond the law, mixing morality and materiality, ethics and politics, and traditional and bureaucratic languages of power, and thereby muddy the very distinctions on which modern citizenship rests. Subaltern struggles over development, thus, force us ...
Effect of urea and amino acids on angiotensin interaction with smooth muscle.

Abstract The basic amino acids lysine, histidine and arginine, urea and glutamic acid at concentrations over 0.2% inhibit the response of rat uterus and guinea-pig ileum to angiotensin but not to bradykinin, serotonin or oxytocin. The neutral amino acids, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, glucose and sucrose had no effect at this concentration. The inhibitory effect of aspartic acid is pH dependent. At concentrations of 4% and greater many of these substances decreased the response to bradykinin, serotonin and oxytocin and the muscle begins to show contracture. It is suggested that the inhibition results from blockade of the smooth muscle receptor sites to angiotensin. In contrast with our earlier work we do not interpret the data as clarifying the question of a secondary structure of angiotensin.
Production of Submicron Diameter Silk Fibers under Benign Processing Conditions by Two-Fluid Electrospinning

An environmentally benign, entirely aqueous process is described to produce solid, crystallized silk fibers with diameters that are much smaller than natural silk fibers. The process entails three steps. First, submicron diameter fibers with a coaxial internal structure consisting of a silk core and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) shell are produced by a two-fluid electrospinning technique at ambient conditions using water as the common solvent. The two-fluid electrospinning process is the key to produce a continuous core filament of unblended silk. No significant mixing between the two fluids was observed to occur during electrospinning. Second, the silk/PEO fibers are annealed under high humidity to induce the conformation transformation from the random coil and/or silk I to predominantly β sheet (silk II) structure. The large surface area of the submicron diameter fibers and the molecular orientation of silk fibroins obtained through electrospinning are believed to facilitate the conformational transformati...
Magnetic anisotropy in single-crystal rare-earth-doped RBa2Cu4O8 (R=Y, Dy, Gd, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb).

We measured magnetic susceptibility of single-crystal rare-earth-doped R${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ (where R=Y, Dy, Gd, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb) in the normal state along the three principal axes. The anisotropy measured fits well to calculated values obtained from a crystal electric field (CEF) analysis. From our results we developed a general scaling relation for the CEF parameters across the rare-earth series.
Mitochondrial targeted catalase suppresses invasive breast cancer in mice

Treatment of invasive breast cancer has an alarmingly high rate of failure because effective targets have not been identified. One potential target is mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) because ROS production has been associated with changes in substrate metabolism and lower concentration of anti-oxidant enzymes in tumor and stromal cells and increased metastatic potential. Transgenic mice expressing a human catalase gene (mCAT) were crossed with MMTV-PyMT transgenic mice that develop metastatic breast cancer. All mice (33 mCAT positive and 23 mCAT negative) were terminated at 110 days of age, when tumors were well advanced. Tumors were histologically assessed for invasiveness, proliferation and metastatic foci in the lungs. ROS levels and activation status of p38 MAPK were determined. PyMT mice expressing mCAT had a 12.5 per cent incidence of high histological grade primary tumor invasiveness compared to a 62.5 per cent incidence in PyMT mice without mCAT. The histological grade correlated with incidence of metastasis with 56 per cent of PyMT mice positive for mCAT showing evidence of pulmonary metastasis compared to 85.4 per cent of PyMT mice negative for mCAT with pulmonary metastasis (p ≤ 0.05). PyMT tumor cells expressing mCAT had lower ROS levels and were more resistant to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress than wild type tumor cells, suggesting that mCAT has the potential of quenching intracellular ROS and subsequent invasive behavior. The metastatic tumor burden in PyMT mice expressing mCAT was 0.1 mm2/cm2 of lung tissue compared with 1.3 mm2/cm2 of lung tissue in PyMT mice expressing the wild type allele (p ≤ 0.01), indicating that mCAT could play a role in mitigating metastatic tumor progression at a distant organ site. Expression of mCAT in the lungs increased resistance to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress that was associated with decreased activation of p38MAPK suggesting ROS signaling is dependent on p38MAPK for at least some of its downstream effects. Targeting catalase within mitochondria of tumor cells and tumor stromal cells suppresses ROS-driven tumor progression and metastasis. Therefore, increasing the antioxidant capacity of the mitochondrial compartment could be a rational therapeutic approach for invasive breast cancer. Please see related commentary article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/9/62
Mitochondrial free calcium regulation in hypoxia and reoxygenation : relation to cellular injury

The role of mitochondria in myocardial ischemic and hypoxic injury is discussed. Increases in mitochondrial Ca content and ionized Ca2+ concentration are observed during and after ischemic and hypoxic exposure and have traditionally been considered to impair mitochondrial function. New data are discussed in which it is shown that increases in mitochondrial [Ca2+] do not necessarily reflect irreversible myocyte injury. Further, it is shown that irreversible cellular injury may occur in hypoxic myocytes in association with increases in mitochondrial [Ca2+] that would ordinarily be considered to fall within a physiologic range. The significance of these observations is considered in context with observations relating to the assessment of post-hypoxic mitochondrial function.
Oceanographic studies supporting the assessment of deep-sea disposal of defueled decommissioned nuclear submarines

Based on criteria developed by the international Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), potential disposal sites for defueled, decommissioned nuclear submarines appear to exist in deep water south of the Mendocino Fracture Zone within 200 nautical miles of the United States Oceanographic measurements in the water column and at the sea floor in a study area (W-N) at 39 5°N, 127 5°W will allow the operational and radiological consequences of deep-sea disposal to be compared with land burial of old submarines. The W-N studies also are yielding new data that will provide insights to the deposition and early diagenesis of distal hemipelagic sediments
Effect of Myosin Light Chain Kinase, Protein Kinase A, and Protein Kinase C Inhibition on Porcine Oocyte Activation

Previous studies have shown that exposure to broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitors results in parthenogenetic activation of metaphase II arrested porcine oocytes. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inhibitors of myosin light chain kinase and other protein kinases on pronuclear development, dephosphorylation of a 25-kDa protein, and cortical granule exocytosis. Metaphase II arrested oocytes were obtained by in vitro maturation. Cumulus-free oocytes were cultured with specific inhibitors in modified Whitten's medium for 24 h. Treatment with inhibitors that should inhibit myosin light chain kinase--HA100 (250 microM), Wortmannin (1 microM), and a combination of Wortmannin (1 microM), KT5720 (75 nM), and Iso-H7 (50 microM)--resulted in significantly higher pronuclear development (74.0%, 18.0%, and 35.0%, respectively) than in the negative control, H7 (10 microM; 2.0-12.4% depending upon the replication). Treatment with HA100 (250 microM) resulted in the dephosphorylation of the 25-kDa protein to a 22-kDa protein in 80.0% (n = 10) of oocytes exposed. However, Wortmannin (1 microM; n = 17), KT5720 (75 nM; n = 16), and Iso-H7 (50 microM; n = 19) treatment individually and in combination (n = 19) did not result in significant (p < 0.05; n = 19) dephosphorylation over the negative control, H7 (10 microM; n = 19). HA100 treatment resulted in significant cortical granule exocytosis when evaluated by laser confocal microscopy. In addition, protein kinase assays revealed lower myosin light chain kinase activity in electroactivated oocytes (p < 0.05) and protein kinase inhibitor-treated oocytes (p < 0.05) than in negative controls, nonelectroactivated oocytes, and H7 (10 microM)-treated oocytes. Treatment with HA100 (250 microM) resulted in pronuclear formation, dephosphorylation of the 25-kDa protein, and some release of cortical granules. These observations suggest that inhibition of myosin light chain kinase, protein kinase A, and protein kinase C results in activation of porcine oocytes.
Parallel/Pipelined processor dedicated to visual recognition

A parallel/pipelined processor has been developed for visual object recognition. It detects the position and orientation of the top workpiece in case workpieces are overlapping. The processor consists of a real-time edge detector and a high-speed image correlator. The real-time edge detector detects contours of workpieces at the video rate of a solid-state TV camera. It is relatively insensitive to changes of ambient light through the use of a logarithmic Sobel operator instead of a standard Sobel operator. The high-speed image correlator detects the position and orientation of the top workpiece which has a complete contour without any hidden portion. Parallel and pipeline concepts were applied to make the image correlator carry out more than 100 million pixel-level operations per second.
Distributional Records of Shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) from Northern Central America with the First Record of Sorex from Honduras

ABSTRACT Short term surveys for small mammals in Guatemala and Honduras during 1992–2009 provided important new records for 12 taxa of shrews from 24 localities. These locality records expand the known geographic distributions for five species and for the genus Sorex Linnaeus, 1758: the geographic range of Cryptotis goodwini Jackson, 1933, now includes the Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, and several isolated highlands in western Honduras; the known distribution of Cryptotis mayensis (Merriam, 1901) is increased with the first definite modern record for this shrew from Guatemala; Cryptotis merriami Choate, 1970, is now known to occur in the Sierra de las Minas and the Sierra del Merendon, Guatemala, as well as the isolated Sierra de Omoa and Montana de La Muralla in Honduras, and its documented elevational range (600–1720 m) is expanded; records of Sorex veraepacis Alston, 1877, expand the known distribution of this species to include the Sierra de Yalijux, Guatemala; and discovery of Sorex salvini Merriam...
Infant Distress and Regulatory Behaviors Vary as a Function of Attachment Security Regardless of Emotion Context and Maternal Involvement

Differences in infant distress and regulatory behaviors based on the quality of attachment to mother, emotion context (frustration versus fear), and whether or not mothers were actively involved in the emotion-eliciting tasks were examined in a sample of 98 16-month-old infants and their mothers. Dyads participated in the Strange Situation, a limiting task designed to elicit infant frustration, and a novelty task designed to elicit infant fear. Mothers were asked to remain uninvolved during the first minute of each task, and then instructed to engage with their infants as they wished for the remaining three minutes. Independent of concurrent maternal sensitivity, resistant infants were significantly more distressed than secure and avoidant infants. Avoidant infants engaged in fewer active mother-oriented regulation behaviors than secure and resistant infants and engaged in more self-soothing in the mother involved condition than the mother uninvolved condition. Resistant infants engaged in more physical comfort with their mothers and more venting than both secure and avoidant infants, and exhibited a smaller variety of adaptive non-mother-oriented strategies than did secure infants. There were few differences in infant distress and regulatory behaviors as a function of emotion task and maternal involvement. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.