cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How differentiating between utilization of effective availability and utilization of effective capacity leads to a better understanding of performance metrics

The performance curve, or operating curve, is used to compare trade-offs between tool set utilization and normalized cycle time (x-factor). In most cases, the independent variable for comparison is utilization of effective availability. In this context, a tool is considered utilized when actively processing product (i.e. in production). For certain tool sets however, utilization of effective availability is insufficient description of asset utilization. Batch tools are an example where asset utilization is driven by more than straight production time. Based on utilization of effective availability, a batch tool is deemed utilized whenever a batch is being processed regardless of batch size, i.e. a batch of one lot utilizes the tool as much as a batch of four lots. Another example is tools that can achieve a parallel factor >1. Parallel factor measures the average number of batches being processed at the same time or in parallel. Photolithography clusters fall into this category as it is feasible to start another lot prior to a previous lot fully clearing the cluster. Again, the tool is considered utilized if any part of the cluster is processing product even if other parts are starved. For both tool sets, normalized cycle time (x-factor) is lower than expected when plotted against utilization of effective availability on the performance curve. A more refined measure of utilization which accounts for effective capacity and not just availability should be considered. This paper describes underlying variables that determine utilization of effective capacity and gives case studies to demonstrate effects on performance metrics.
A systems‐based conceptual framework for auditing

Since the stock market crash of 1929, the auditing profession has rapidly emerged in advanced economies. The procedures of the profession have generally evolved out of political processes without the systematic guidance of a cohesive conceptual framework. That eclectic approach has produced generally accepted accounting principles that encourage publication of global organizational performance assessments such as net income that have little obvious connection to the concrete processes they purport to describe. The approach, furthermore, allows fragmented and disconnected auditing procedures. This paper presents an interpretive and analytical study of auditing based on observable, measurable entities is developed through living systems theory. This approach provides a means of applying to auditing the well developed investigation methods and procedures of the sciences. 8 refs.
Modeling of temporal patterns and sources of atmospherically transported and deposited pesticides in ecosystems of concern: A case study of toxaphene in the Great Lakes

[1] Pesticides have adverse effects on human health and the environment and can be transported through the atmosphere from application sites and deposited to sensitive ecosystems. This study applies a comprehensive multimedia regional pesticide fate and chemical transport modeling system that we developed to investigate the atmospheric transport and deposition of toxaphene to the Great Lakes. Simulated results predict a significant amount of toxaphene (~350 kg) being transported through the atmosphere and deposited into the Great Lakes in the simulation year. Results also show that U.S. residues and global background are major sources to toxaphene deposition into the Great Lakes and atmospheric concentrations in the region. While the U.S. residues are the dominant source in warm months, the background dominates during winter months. In addition, different sources have different influences on the individual Great Lakes due to their proximity and relative geographical positions to the sources; U.S. residues are the dominant source to Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Michigan, but they are a much less important source to Lake Superior. These results shed light on the mystery that observed toxaphene concentrations in Great Lakes' lake trout and smelt declined between 1982 and 1992 in four of the Great Lakes except Lake Superior. While monthly total depositions to Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Michigan have clear seasonal variability with much greater values in April, May, and June, monthly total depositions to Lake Superior are more uniformly distributed over the year with comparatively greater levels in cold months.
Me, My "Self" and You: Neuropsychological Relations between Social Emotion, Self-Awareness, and Morality

Social emotions about others’ mind states, for example, compassion for psychological pain or admiration for virtue, are an impor tant foundation for morality because they help us decide how to treat other people. Although these emotions are ostensibly concerned with the mental qualities and situations of others, they can precipitate intimately subjective reflections on the quality of one’s own social life and mind, and via these reflections incite a desire to engage in meaningful moral actions. Our interview and neural data suggest that the shift from social emotion to introspection may be facilitated by conscious mental evaluation of emotion-related visceral sensations.
Atomistic Model Potential for PbTiO3 and PMN by Fitting First Principles Results

We have developed a shell model potential to describe PbTiO3 and PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 (PMN) by fitting to first-principles results. At zero pressure, the model reproduces the temperature behavior of PbTiO3, but with a smaller transition temperature than experimentally observed. We then fit a shell model potential for the complex PMN based on the transferability of the interatomic potentials. We find that even for ordered PMN, quenching the structure gives a non-polar state, but with local polarization (off-center ions) indicative of relaxor behavior.
Delay Constrained Multiplexing of Video Streams Using Dual-Frame Video Coding

We consider the multiplexing problem of transmitting multiple video source streams from a server over a shared channel. We use dual-frame video coding with high-quality Long-Term Reference (LTR) frames and propose multiplexing methods to reduce the sum of mean squared error for all the video streams. This paper makes several improvements to dual-frame video coding. A simple motion activity detection algorithm is used to choose the location of LTR frames as well as the number of bits given to such frames. An adaptive buffer-constrained rate-control algorithm is devised to accommodate the extra bits of the high-quality LTR frames. Multiplexing of video streams is studied under the constraint of a video encoder delay buffer. Using H.264/AVC, the results show considerable improvement over baseline schemes such as H.264 rate control when the video streams are encoded individually and over multiplexing methods proposed previously in the literature. The high-quality LTR frames are offset in time among different video streams. This provides the benefits of dual-frame coding with high-quality LTR frames while still fitting under the constraint of an output delay buffer.
Thermal ecology of subadult and adult muskellunge in a thermally enriched reservoir

The movement of adult muskellunge, Esox masquinongy Mitchill, has been investigated in a variety of systems, but temperature selection by muskellunge has not been examined where well-oxygenated waters were available over a range of temperatures for much of the year. Thirty subadult and adult muskellunge tagged internally with temperature-sensing radio tags were tracked from March 2010 to March 2011 in a Tennessee reservoir. Mean tag temperatures were 18.9 °C in spring (March to May), 22.1 °C in summer (June to August), 16.5 °C in autumn and 9.8 °C in winter (December to February). When the greatest range in water temperatures was available (7.1–33.3 °C; May to early August 2010), their realised thermal niche (mean ± 1 SD) was 22.3 °C ± 1.8; the realised thermal niche was affected by fish size (smaller fish selected slightly warmer temperatures) but not sex. An electric generating steam plant discharging warm water resumed operation in January 2011, and most (86%) tagged fish occupied the plume where temperatures were ≈10 °C warmer than ambient water temperatures. No mortalities were observed 15 days later when plant operations ceased. Their affinity for the heated plume prompted concerns that muskellunge will be too easily exploited when the plant operates during winter.
2006 LITA National Forum: Conference Report

Purpose – To report the highlights of the annual LITA National Forum.Design/methodology/approach – Provides a brief review of the conference.Findings – This summary of presentations and information shared at the 2006 LITA National Forum, with the focus being on new technologies and their applications in a variety of library environments. The emphasis this year reinforced the theme of web services as library services. The forum offered a wide variety of timely presentations that were on new and emerging technologies and the application to the library environment.Originality/value – This paper is a useful summary of a conference of interest to library and information management professionals.
Insights from igneous reaction space: a holistic approach to granite crystallisation

Petrological investigations of granite commonly reveal multiple periods of growth punctuated by resorption for many of the constituent minerals. Complementary to such textures are mineral compositional heterogeneity manifested by zoning or grain to grain variability. These features ultimately reflect changes in the intensive parameters or activities of components during melt solidification. Such complexities of granite crystallisation can be simultaneously modelled in a reaction space constructed from the set of linearly independent reactions describing the equilibria among all phases and components in the system of interest.The topology of the linearly independent reactions that define the reaction space for garnetmuscovite-biotite granites yields the following insights: (1) there is no one unique reaction that produces or consumes aluminous minerals (e.g. garnet); (2) minerals can alternate as reactants or products in different reactions accounting for textures indicating multiple periods of crystallisation separated by resorption; (3) mineral compositions are regulated by the reaction(s) producing them and vary as the stoichiometry of the reaction(s) producing them varies; (4) resorption of early crystallising garnet is likely to reflect decreasing pressure, presumably during magma ascent; (5) late crystallisation of garnet, at the expense of biotite, reflects an increase in melt aluminosity and does not necessarily require high Mn activities for the melt and (6) increasing melt H2O, at H2Oundersaturated conditions, favours the formation of biotite–muscovite granite.Application of the reaction space method to other granite types holds considerable promise for elucidating reactions that regulate mineral assemblages and compositions during crystallisation.
Joseph Conrad: Question of Racism and the Representation of Muslims in his Malayan Works

Taking the discussion of Jospeh Conrad's alleged racism beyond The Heart of Darkness, this paper highlights the importance of Conrad's Muslim characters in his Malay novels.
Cardiac magnetic resonance infarct heterogeneity: is it ready to be used on patients for the prevention of sudden cardiac death?

Numerous advancements in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (MI), from reperfusion therapy to coronary care units, have markedly reduced 30-day patient mortality. Despite optimal therapy, a significant proportion of patients remain at high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD), particularly in the first 6 months.1 The absence of herald symptoms and the catastrophic outcomes from arrhythmia-related SCD have led to the investigation of the prophylactic role of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) following acute MI. Two large-scale, randomized clinical trials (DINAMIT, IRIS) of early ICD implantation failed to demonstrate a benefit in all-cause mortality, despite a reduction in arrhythmia-related deaths.2,3 These studies highlight that despite the availability of an effective therapy for the prevention of SCD, we still lack the clinical risk-stratifying tools to identify patients at highest risk who may benefit from ICD therapy. Unlike other post-infarct complications that are related to the extent of myocardial injury and left ventricular (LV) systolic failure, the development of arrhythmia-related SCD often occurs in patients with medium-to-small infarcts.4 Electrophysiological studies (EPS) have implicated heterogeneity of depolarization and dispersion of repolarization within the border zones of the infarcted myocardium as key substrates in arrhythmia-related SCD.5 It is postulated that these ‘peri-infarct zones’ (PIZs) represent an admixture of fibrotic and …
Chemistry of bivalent carbon intermediates—IV

Abstract By means of competition experiments phenylcarbene, generated from phenyldiazomethane, has been shown to be approximately equally reactive to the benzene ring (to form phenylcycloheptatriene) and to aliphatic CH2 bonds, to be approximately six times more reactive to aliphatic CH2 bonds than to aliphatic CH2 bonds, and to be very unreactive toward aromatic CH bonds. These data have been used as aids in the interpretation of the results from two previously reported1b,1c intramolecular counterparts; they are also used in interpreting the decomposition of 2-n-butylphenyldiazomethane, which yields three cyclic products, 2-ethylindan, 2-methyltetralin, and benzosuberan in a ratio of approximately 6:5:1, and a fourth hydrocarbon product, 1-(o-tolyl)-butene-2, representing a new mode of carbene reaction. The effect of temperature and light source on the product ratio from the decomposition of 2-n-butylphenyldiazomethane was studied.
Error-Prone DNA Repair Activity during Somatic Hypermutation in Shark B Lymphocytes

Sharks are representatives of the earliest vertebrates that possess an immune system utilizing V(D)J recombination to generate Ag receptors. Their Ab repertoire diversity is based in part on a somatic hypermutation process that introduces adjacent nucleotide substitutions of 2–5 bp. We have isolated mutant nonfunctional Ig rearrangements and intronic flank sequences to characterize the nonselected, intrinsic properties of this phenomenon; changes unique to shark were observed. Duplications and deletions were associated with N additions, suggesting participation of a DNA polymerase with some degree of template independence during the repair of DNA breaks initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase. Other mutations were consistent with some in vitro activities of mammalian translesion DNA polymerase η: tandem base substitutions, strand slippage, and small insertions/deletions. The nature of substitution patterns shows that DNA lesions at shark Ig genes recruit DNA repair factors with a species-specific repertoire of activities. We speculate that the tandem mutations are introduced by direct sequential misinsertions and that, in shark B cells, the mispairs tend to be extended rather than proofread. Despite extensive changes undergone by some mutants, the physical range of mutational activity remained restricted to VDJ and within the first 2-kb portion of the 6.8-kb J-C intron, perhaps a self-regulating aspect of activation-induced cytidine deaminase action that is conserved in evolution.
Optimizing the rectifying antenna performance of wireless power transmission systems

The authors present simple formulations for optimizing the efficiency and output power of a rectenna using experimental data that characterize a rectenna element. The method is applied to a uniformly tapered transmitter aperture and a 2.45 GHz rectenna element. The analysis presented here examines the relationship between collection efficiency and rectenna efficiency. The problem is to find, for a given transmitter aperture taper, how much power has to be transmitted to maximize the rectenna efficiency or the rectenna output power. This analysis takes into account the variation of incident power density on the rectenna with experimental efficiency data of a rectenna element. >
Bivariate Normal Distribution Estimates of The Prevalence of Reading Disabilities

The bivariate normal distribution can be used to determine the prevalence of reading disabilities when the primary variables are reading achievement and IQ and when the correlation between reading and IQ is known or can be estimated. In the case where the reading achievement z score cutoff is -.7 (z scores greater than -.7), and the correlation between reading and IQ is .65, the proportion of reading-disability cases is .0576. This is in contrast to using only a reading z score cutoff of < −1.0, which would result in a proportion of .1587 based on the normal distribution. Using IQ to limit classification as reading disabled will decrease the proportion of reading-disability cases, depending on the z score cutoff points and the correlation between reading and IQ. As the correlation between reading and IQ increases, for any two cutoff points, the proportion of reading-disability cases decreases. The author discusses the advantages and disadvanta...
Heat Uptake and the Thermohaline Circulation in the Community Climate System Model, Version 2

Abstract Ocean heat uptake and the thermohaline circulation are analyzed in present-day control, 1% increasing CO2, and doubled CO2 runs of the Community Climate System Model, version 2 (CCSM2). It is concluded that the observed 40-yr trend in the global heat content to 300 m, found by Levitus et al., is somewhat larger than the natural variability in the CCSM2 control run. The observed 40-yr trend in the global heat content down to a depth of 3 km is much closer to trends found in the control run and is not so clearly separated from the natural model variability. It is estimated that, in a 0.7% increasing CO2 scenario that approximates the effect of increasing greenhouse gases between 1958 and 1998, the CCSM2 40-yr trend in the global heat content to 300 m is about the same as the observed value. This gives support for the CCSM2 climate sensitivity, which is 2.2°C. Both the maximum of the meridional overturning streamfunction and the vertical flow across 1-km depth between 60° and 65°N decrease monotonic...
Synthesis and Characterization of Proton-Conducting Oxides as Hydrogen Transport Membranes

The hydrogen permeation properties of dense SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-x membranes were examined under various conditions and described based on the conductivities of available charge carriers using a transport model for mixed conductors. The chemical environment on each side of the membrane influences not only the chemical potential driving force for transport but also the conductivities of the various charge carriers. When one side of the membrane is exposed to oxidizing atmosphere, the H2 flux is limited by hole conduction. In reducing atmosphere, SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-x membranes show electron conductivity and the electron transference number increases with increasing H2 partial pressure. The hydrogen flux-current behavior during electrochemical pumping is caused by an insulatorsemiconductor transition that occurs with increasing applied voltage. Cost-effective reactor and separation technologies based on inorganic membranes can lead to significant economic benefits as components of several strategies for the conversion of natural gas. Oxygen-transport membranes based on mixed conductors are being developed for oxygen purification and for coupling with steam reforming reactions in the production of synthesis gas [1]. Oxides with perovskite structures similar to those of oxygen conductors but with immobile oxygen anions can also exhibit protonic or mixed protonic-electronic conductivity, without significant oxygen transport, in hydrogen or water atmospheres [2,3]. Such materials have been less extensively studied than oxygen conductors, but they can be used to extract H2 from streams in the presence of chemical or electrochemic al potential gradients. For example, dense perovskite membranes, especially as thin films with high conductivity, can be used to remove H2 continuously from reactors used to carry out reactions with unfavorable thermodynamics. H2 removal during catalytic methane pyrolysis [4] and during steam reforming [5] has been recently suggested in order to increase achievable CH4 conversions in these endoergic reactions. In this paper, we report the synthesis and transport characteristics of dense disk SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3-x membranes.
Integrating palliative care into the trajectory of cancer care

Over the past five decades, palliative care has evolved from serving patients at the end of life into a highly specialized discipline focused on delivering supportive care to patients with life-limiting illnesses throughout the disease trajectory. A growing body of evidence is now available to inform the key domains in the practice of palliative care, including symptom management, psychosocial care, communication, decision-making, and end-of-life care. Findings from multiple studies indicate that integrating palliative care early in the disease trajectory can result in improvements in quality of life, symptom control, patient and caregiver satisfaction, illness understanding, quality of end-of-life care, survival, and costs of care. In this narrative Review, we discuss various strategies to integrate oncology and palliative care by optimizing clinical infrastructures, processes, education, and research. The goal of integration is to maximize patient access to palliative care and, ultimately, to improve patient outcomes. We provide a conceptual model for the integration of supportive and/or palliative care with primary and oncological care. We also discuss how health-care systems and institutions need to tailor integration based on their resources, size, and the level of primary palliative care available.
Between Family Synchronization of Hatching Time in Bobwhite Quail

Abstract VINCE (1964) reported that the embryo in a single Bobwhite quail egg, laid at the midpoint of a two-week production period and placed in an incubator with other eggs laid during the same period but already incubated for a period of twenty-four hours, tended to synchronize its hatching time with that of its sibs when the eggs were in contact with one another. Later, Vince (1966) found that the direct application of artificial stimulation either in the form of vibration or a “clicking” sound to an individual Bobwhite egg during incubation induced the embryo contained therein to hatch ahead of its siblings which had been incubated for the same period of time but had not been subjected to the artificial stimulation. In the hatching of pedigreed Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) eggs it was noted that embryos from the eggs of one family consistently hatched as much as twenty-four hours or…
The Effect of Toe-Clipping on the Gecko Hemidactylus turcicus

A recent review of the methods for study of reptile populations convincingly argued that data on age-specific survival, reproduction, immigration, and emigration are essential for testing all facets of life history theory (Dunham et al., 1994). These authors also noted that such data can only be obtained from long-term studies of populations in their natural habitats. However, the obstacles to conducting long-term field studies are considerable. One difficulty is developing a method to mark animals so they may be identified reliably for long periods after they were initially captured. Ideally, the marks in long-term studies should (1) be permanent, (2) identify the animals as particular individuals, (3) be easy to use and to read in the field, (4) not cause excessive pain or discomfort to the animals, and (5) not affect the behavior or survival of the animals (Ferer, 1979). In studies of lizards, the technique that is used most frequently is clipping 14 toes in unique combinations (Ferner, 1979; Dunham et al., 1994). This technique results in a permanent mark (since lizard toes do not regenerate) that is easily applied and read in the field. Toe-clipping appears to cause lizards little trauma and has been used success-
Uncolonizable: Freedom in the Muslim mind in colonial British India

ABSTRACTDoes Islam offer a vision of freedom? What did freedom’s imagination look like to the colonized Muslims of the Indian subcontinent? In this article, I engage the imagination of freedom of two revolutionary middle actors – Fazal Illahi, a mullah, and Iqbal Shedai, a self-styled middle-class rebel. Drawing upon the Islamic concept of the free human, these men developed a concept of azadi (freedom) making the colonized subjects of British India aware of the issues of dignity and natural human rights, which was more expansive in scope than political freedom that was demanded by the national leaders of the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. Further, by collaborating with anti-imperial internationalists in Europe, these men elevated India’s freedom struggle into an international agenda. By engaging the Islamic concept of freedom and making it an inclusive project for decolonization, the middle actors raised a critical question of the relationship between Islam and the state. I read their fr...
Directed enzyme pro-drug gene therapy for pancreatic cancer in vivo.

Background. Directed enzyme pro-drug therapy incorporates the delivery of a gene to a cancer cell that will be specifically expressed and will confer sensitivity to a therapeutic agent. Tumor-specific gene expression can be achieved by coupling the promoter for the carcunoembryonic antigen (CEA) to a gene such as herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk), which phosphorylates ganciclovir to a potent DNA synthesis inhibitor. Methods. Retroviral vectors were constructed to contain the CEA promoter coupled to HSV-tk (LN-CEA-TK) and were used to transduce the CEA-expressing pancreatic carcinoma cell line BXPC3
Glycosphingolipid levels in an unusual neurovisceral storage disease characterized by lactosylceramide galactosyl hydrolase deficiency: lactosylceramidosis.

The glycosphingolipid composition of brain and visceral tissue from a patient with an unusual neurovisceral lipid storage disease, characterized by a lactosylceramide galactosyl hydrolase deficiency, was determined. Analyses of erythrocytes, plasma, bone marrow cells, urine sediment, and liver biopsy from the patient were compared with those of normal infantile controls. Abnormally high levels of lactosylceramide (GL-2a) were found in these samples. Subsequent studies on spleen, liver, kidney, lymph nodes, and adrenal gland confirmed this finding and clearly showed that the metabolism of hematoside (GMJ and glucosylceramide (GL-la) was also affected. The accumulation of GL-la and GM~ was most pronounced in spleen, but it was not of the order seen in the spleens of patients with Gaucher's disease that were studied for comparison. Since the disease was primarily neurological in nature, fresh-frozen brain was also studied. The level of GL-2a in gray matter was equal to that of galactosylceramide (GL-1 b), and elevated amounts of GL-la, asido-GMz, GM~, and GM~ were also found; the only major abnormality in white matter was the accumula- tion of GL-2a and lesser amounts of the gangliosides GM~ and GM~. Chemical and enzymic evidence suggests the use of the term "lactosylceramidosis" for this disease. disease (1, 2) ; trihexosylceramide (GL-3) of Fabry's
Rhythm Control in Heart Failure Patients With Atrial Fibrillation : Contemporary Challenges Including the Role of Ablation

Because nonpharmacological interventions likely alter the risks and benefits associated with rhythm control, this paper reviews the role of current rhythm control strategies in atrial fibrillation. This report also focuses on the specific limitations of pharmacological interventions and the utility of percutaneous ablation in this growing population of patients with concomitant atrial fibrillation and heart failure.
Decreased TCR ζ-Chain Expression in T Cells from Patients with Aplastic Anemia.

Abstract The ζ-chain is a unique component of the T cell receptor (TCR) with no sequence homology to other CD3 molecules. The ζ-chain acts to stabilize the TCR on the cell surface and to transmit signals to different transduction pathways in the cell. T cells from patients with autoimmune diseases, with chronic inflammation, and suffering malignant tumors are functionally impaired in that they express decreased ζ-chain. Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by T-cell immune mediated destruction of hematopoietic stem cells. Oligoclonal expansion of T cells correlates with disease activity. In this study, we examined TCR ζ-chain protein levels in aplastic anemia patients. Twelve out of sixteen patients (75%) examined displayed decreased ζ-chain protein levels compared to normal controls (p=0.008). As a control, no differences were detected in expression of the TCR e-chain. Patients and healthy donors displayed comparable amounts of Zap-70, the kinase responsible for full phosphorylation and activation of the ζ-chain. There was no correlation with disease status or medical treatment at the time of sampling. Four patients were re-examined for ζ-chain protein levels at 3 month intervals, but there was no change in their ζ-chain expression pattern despite hematologic improvement. We hypothesized correlation between ζ-chain and IFN-g levels in T cells from patients with AA. When we estimated IFN-g levels by flow cytometry, all 5 patients examined had increased IFN-g levels, of whom 4 had decreased ζ-chain levels: intracellular IFN-g was reciprocally correlated with ζ-chain protein levels. In summary, our data indicate that TCR ζ-chain expression is decreased in the majority of patients with AA, regardless of disease activity or treatment status. ζ-chain-deficient T cells from AA patients also overproduce IFN-g. Is ζ-chain down-regulation the primary event leading to IFN-g over-production, or is IFN-g responsible for the ζ-chain down-regulation? One possible explanation is an intrinsic defect in the TCR leading to alterations in kinases and transcription factors downstream of the ζ-chain-Zap-70 association. Whether ζ-chain expression correlates with expanded Vb clones observed is to be established. The seqeunce of molecular events described in the current work may lead to the Th1 shift observed in aplastic anemia, but further studies are needed to explore the possible role of ζ-chain downregulation to the pathogenesis of AA.
Global citizenship in intercultural communication: Spatial awareness of globalization through map your consumption*

ABSTRACTCourses: This teaching unit is for intercultural communication but could be used for any course related to globalization, including public speaking, popular culture and communication, or environmental communication. Additionally, the teaching unit is well-suited for other disciplines, including geography, environmental studies, and global studies.Objectives: Students trace the manufacturing origins of their belongings in order to analyze their connections with other countries through plotting them on a world map. Students research economic, cultural, and/or political globalization of one or two countries plotted on their map in order to consider how to practice ethical consumption.
Relationship Maintenance: A Review of Research on Romantic Relationships

Relationship maintenance encompasses a broad array of activities that partners may use to preserve their romantic partnerships. For this article, we systematically review the vast literature (N = 1,149 articles) on relationship maintenance in romantic relationships. We first identify the relevant constructs and propose a conceptual model to organize the literature. Then we turn our focus to the empirical research on the processes and social context of relationship maintenance. We conclude by highlighting the lingering questions in the study of relationship maintenance and offering recommendations for future research.
Prices of Generic Drugs Associated with Numbers of Manufacturers.

The authors examined the association between the number of manufacturers and the prices of generic drugs. For a drug with one manufacturer, generic and brand-name prices were similar; for a drug wi...
Cellulose-graphene quantum dot composite membranes using ionic liquid.

Abstract Selective separation of small molecules by membranes is inhibited by the performance gap between nanofiltration and ultrafiltration membranes. In this work, a membrane that can efficiently remove small molecules (> 300 Da) was created by incorporating graphene oxide quantum dots (GQDs) into a cellulose membrane using an ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate). Incorporation of GQD into cellulose membranes using an ionic liquid brings several advantages over traditional mixed matrix membranes: 1) GQDs are abundant in peripheral hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, thus GQDs have strong binding with cellulose through hydrogen bonding and forms a stable composite membrane. 2) Negative surface charge of GQDs helps prevent aggregation. 3) The size (5 nm) of GQD is smaller than most nanoparticles used in membranes, allowing for interesting pore forming properties. GQD-cellulose membranes were prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation in water. It was determined that about 45% of GQDs are incorporated from solution to membrane. GQDs were determined to be located on the membrane surface, giving the membrane negative surface charge and improved hydrophilicity. GQDs showed no leaching after convective flow through the membrane. Impact of GQD on membrane permeability and rejection was studied through convective flow experiments, and through longer term permeability studies.
Operator Dose Reduction during Transjugular Liver Biopsy Using a Radiation-Attenuating Drape: A Prospective, Randomized Study.

Abstract Purpose To assess the effectiveness of disposable radiation-absorbing surgical drapes on operator radiation dose during transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB). Materials and Methods This dual-arm prospective, randomized study was conducted between May 2017 and January 2018 at a single institution. TJLB procedures (N = 62; patient age range, 19–80 y) were assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the use of radiation-absorbing surgical drapes or standard surgical draping. The primary outcome was cumulative radiation equivalent dose incident on the operator, as determined by an electronic personal dosimeter worn at the chest during each procedure. Cumulative kerma–area product (KAP), total fluoroscopy time, and total number of exposures used during each liver biopsy procedure were also determined. Results Mean radiation dose incident on the operator decreased by 56% with the use of radiation-absorbing drapes (37 μSv ± 35; range, 4–183 μSv) compared with standard draping (84 μSv ± 58; range, 11–220 μSv). Radiation incident on the patient was similar between groups, with no significant differences in mean KAP, total fluoroscopy time, and number of exposures acquired during the procedures. Conclusions Use of disposable radiation-absorbing drapes reduces scatter radiation to interventionalists performing TJLB.
A New Taxonomy For Trifolium variegatum and Its Relatives

Abstract Two related species of Trifolium L. endemic to western North America, T. variegatum Nutt. s. l. and T. polyodon Greene, are studied. Multivariate analyses and morphological differences suggest that three species should be recognized instead of two. Trifolium variegatum is divided into two species: T. appendiculatum Lojac. and T. variegatum. Trifolium appendiculatum (including T. rostratum Greene) is a large-flowered species endemic to California and southern Oregon. Trifolium variegatum is found throughout western North America and remains the most diverse, but is now circumscribed by a consistent floral morphology. Trifolium polyodon is restricted to the Monterey peninsula and has distinctive calyx lobe teeth; its circumscription remains unchanged.
CRSS-LDNN: Long-duration naturalistic noise corpus containing multi-layer noise recordings for robust speech processing

Multi-layer noise refers to scenarios where multiple distinct noise sources are simultaneously active in an audio stream. We collected a corpus named the CRSS long-duration naturalistic noise (CRSS-LDNN) corpus. It contains noise captured from complex daily-life activities using wearable LENA units. The diversity in noise-sources include construction noise, noise like multi-speaker babble, large-crowd noise, vehicle/bus noise on the road, home environment noise, etc. Corpus contains recordings of complex mixtures of these noise types. The babble noise and bus-engine noise present along with occasional impulsive-noise over long-duration is an example of such scenario. The data were collected at 16 kHz sampling rate with 16-bit precision in .wav format. This data would be released to speech community (http://crss.utdallas.edu). During the summer semester, a CRSS student wore a LENA device that was switched ON when multiple noise-sources were present. This corpus was recorded in naturalistic scenarios with uncontrolled mixing of various noise-sources. It provides naturalistic multi-layer noise recordings for evaluation of robust speech algorithms such as speech recognition, speaker diarization and verification, sentiment analysis. It consists of approximately 19 hours noise recordings. The CRSS-LDNN noise is more challenging as compared to existing noise corpora such as NOISEX that contains only single noise.
Μια φορά κι έναν καιρό πέρα απo την Disney. Σύγχρονα κινηματογραφικά παραμύθια για παιδιά

Στο άρθρο αυτό διeρeυνάται η πρωτοποριακή προσέγγιση του Γουόλτ Ντίσνeϊ στο κινούμeνο σχέδιο, ο οποίος πeιραματίστηκe μe κινηματογραφικές μeταφορές παραμυθιών στη δeκαeτία του 1920 και έδeιξe πως τα κινούμeνα σχέδια και οι ταινίeς διέδωσαν το eίδος του παραμυθιού στην eποχή της μηχανικής αναπαραγωγής. Αφού καθιέρωσe τα κινηματογραφικά παραμύθια ως μορφή τέχνης μe τη Χιονάτη, το 1937, eπικeντρώθηκe στην eμπορeυματοποίηση τους και, βρίσκοντας μια eπιτυχημένη φόρμουλα για την προώθηση τους, την αναπαρήγαγe σe όλeς τις ταινίeς του μέχρι το θάνατο του, eνώ στη συνέχeια την eπανέλαβe η eταιρeία Disney. Πολλοί κινηματογραφιστές, όπως ο Τζιμ Χένσον, η Σέλeϊ Ντιβάλ και ο Τομ Ντάβeνπορτ, eπιδίωξαν να προχωρήσουν πέρα από τις eλιτίστικeς, σeξιστικές και ρατσιστικές τάσeις του Ντίσνeϊ, μe στόχο να eνθαρρύνουν την αυτονομία των μικρών θeατών και να eνισχύσουν τη δημιουργικότητα και την κριτική ικανότητα τους μέσα από τα κινηματογραφικά παραμύθια. Eφιστώντας την προσοχή των παιδιών στα τeχνάσματα και τις μηχανορραφίeς στην κατασκeυή της προσωπικής τους κοινωνικής πραγματικότητας, οι κινηματογραφιστές αυτοί πίστeυαν ότι μπορούσαν να βοηθήσουν τα παιδιά να βρουν ουσιαστικές και eυχάριστeς eναλλακτικές λύσeις στη ζωή τους. Μέσα από τις κινηματογραφικές προσαρμογές των παραμυθιών η πραγματικότητα παρουσιάζeται ως τeχνητό δημιούργημα ώστe να παιδιά να μάθουν να μοντάρουν και να ξαναμοντάρουν τα καρέ της ζωής τους αυτά τα ίδια.
Unknown actor in adipose tissue metabolism hiding in plain sight.

In PNAS Eom et al. (1) report that viperin (virus-inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible), which is best known as a nuclear factor κB-induced protein in macrophages involved in the innate immune response, has a heretofore unknown role in the adipocyte. In this paper, the authors investigate the possibility that viperin, a protein that is classically known to modulate metabolism in the service of viral reproduction, plays a role in adipocyte thermogenesis. They find that expression of genes characteristic of “thermogenic” adipocytes is increased in adipose tissue and cultured adipocytes from viperin knockout mice. The knockout mice have reduced fat mass and are more glucose-tolerant, and the authors observe a significant effect on fatty acid β-oxidation in the adipocyte, as specific inhibitors of enzymes in this pathway ablate this effect. Since fatty acid β-oxidation is necessary for adaptive thermogenesis in adipocytes, the absence of viperin in the adipocytes seems to release a brake on β-oxidation. More than 2 decades ago, a connection between inflammation and insulin resistance … [↵][1]1Email: sheila.collins{at}vumc.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Deep Learning based Parking Spot Detection and Classification in Fish-Eye Images

Within the universe of automated driving (AD) applications, automated valet parking (AVP) is especially attractive in terms of opportunities and adoption. A camera is one of the commonly favored perception sensors in the AVP application. Where the detection and classification of the parking spot as free or occupied in the camera feed are critical. The parking spot detection functionality is used during an autonomous operation to locate and maneuver into the appropriate parking location. The main challenge in the detection of a parking spot lies in the manifestation of parking spots as trapezoid shapes in the image domain. Further, the contemporary cameras used in surround view or park assist features tend to be fish-eye, where lens distortion causes real-life straight line segments and objects appear curved. This paper presents an efficient, pixel level parking spot instantiation and classification approach based on object detection framework in deep learning. The approach uses MobileNet-V1 network architecture as backbone convolutional neural network (CNN) and modified Single Shot Detector(SSD) as object detection meta-architecture to performs parking spot instantiation directly in the fish-eye domain. The conventional SSD meta-architecture of object detection functionality has been innovatively augmented to detect major key-points of the parking spots to delineate parking spot boundary precisely. The proposed solution achieves 0.87 mAP for detected rectangular boxes enclosing parking spots and accuracy of 0.76 OKS in four corner points per detection.
BEYOND THE USUAL SUSPECTS: LATE COMPLICATION MONTHS POST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

A pseudoaneurysm is a ventricular free wall perforation contained by adjacent pericardium and adhesions. With the advancements in interventional cardiology, post infarction mechanical complications such as pseudoaneurysms are rare. 67 year old man with history of cocaine use and inferior wall STEMI
On a Theorem of Algebra and its Geometrical Application

The following theorem of algebra seems to be of interest: THEOREM. Let Φ α = Σ a m , x 1 x 1 , a αij , = a αji , α = I,......., r, (1) be r linearly independent quadratic forms in the n independent variables x 1 .
Population-based assessment of risks for severe COVID-19 disease outcomes.

Among approximately 4.6 million members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California, we examined associations of severe COVID-19 with demographic factors and comorbidities. As of July 23, 2021, 16 182 had been hospitalized, 2416 admitted to an ICU, and 1525 died due to COVID-19. Age was strongly associated with hospitalization, ICU admission, and death. Black persons and Hispanic ethnicity had higher risk of death compared with Whites. Among the comorbidities examined, Alzheimer's disease was associated with the highest risk for hospitalization (aHR 3.19, CI: 2.88-3.52) and death (aHR 4.04, CI: 3.32-4.91). Parkinson's disease had the second highest risk of death (aHR = 2.07, CI: 1.50-2.87).
Partners for Preservation: Advancing Digital Preservation through Cross-Community Collaboration. Edited by Jeanne Kramer-Smyth. [Review]

The title of this anthology of essays sets the readers’ expectation for a very different experience than the book delivers. Neither a set of case studies nor a practical guide to digital preservation, the book is “an exploration of how computers and technology affect our ability to preserve information for the future,” as explained by editor Jeanne Kramer-Smyth (p. xxii). Its 10 essays aim to introduce archivists to the perspectives of professionals working in areas adjacent to digital preservation. Boldly stepping beyond the GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) community, Kramer-Smyth provides a platform for diverse voices with impeccable educational and professional credentials, including a color scientist, a journalism professor, and a legal expert in postmortem privacy.
Global Issues in Labor Law

This book is designed to facilitate the introduction of international, transnational, and comparative law issues into a labor law course. The book is very accessible for law students (and their professors). The chapters can be used in any combination and in any order. The book can be assigned or recommended as optional reading to supplement a domestic-only course to advance the students' understanding of their own system. For more information visit the companion site .
Multi-scale analysis of neural activity in humans: Implications for micro-scale electrocorticography.

Abstract Objective Electrocorticography grids have been used to study and diagnose neural pathophysiology for over 50 years, and recently have been used for various neural prosthetic applications. Here we provide evidence that micro-scale electrodes are better suited for studying cortical pathology and function, and for implementing neural prostheses. Methods This work compares dynamics in space, time, and frequency of cortical field potentials recorded by three types of electrodes: electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes, non-penetrating micro-ECoG (μECoG) electrodes that use microelectrodes and have tighter interelectrode spacing; and penetrating microelectrodes (MEA) that penetrate the cortex to record single- or multiunit activity (SUA or MUA) and local field potentials (LFP). Results While the finest spatial scales are found in LFPs recorded intracortically, we found that LFP recorded from μECoG electrodes demonstrate scales of linear similarity (i.e., correlation, coherence, and phase) closer to the intracortical electrodes than the clinical ECoG electrodes. Conclusions We conclude that LFPs can be recorded intracortically and epicortically at finer scales than clinical ECoG electrodes are capable of capturing. Significance Recorded with appropriately scaled electrodes and grids, field potentials expose a more detailed representation of cortical network activity, enabling advanced analyses of cortical pathology and demanding applications such as brain–computer interfaces.
Workshop Summary: Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue

During the previous meeting (Atomistics of Fractures, eds. R. M. Latanision and J. R. Pickens, 1981) Cu-Au was identified as a useful system for mechanistic studies, since it undergoes both selective corrosion (of Cu) and transgranular SCC. Since new results on this system were available, the groups discussed the propagation of cracks from the spongy film into underlying parent alloy associated with stress corrosion cracking of Cu3Au and other alloys as a main topic.
Mathematics Interventions for Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Research Synthesis.

Background Many children and adolescents with Down syndrome fail to achieve proficiency in mathematics. Researchers have suggested that tailoring interventions based on the behavioural phenotype may enhance efficacy. Method The research questions that guided this review were (1) what types of mathematics interventions have been empirically evaluated with children and adolescents with Down syndrome?; (2) do the studies demonstrate sufficient methodological rigor?; (3) is there evidence of efficacy for the evaluated mathematics interventions?; and (4) to what extent have researchers considered aspects of the behavioural phenotype in selecting, designing and/or implementing mathematics interventions for children and adolescents with Down syndrome? Nine studies published between 1989 and 2012 were identified for inclusion. Results Interventions predominantly focused on early mathematics skills and reported positive outcomes. However, no study met criteria for methodological rigor. Further, no authors explicitly considered the behavioural phenotype. Conclusions Additional research using rigorous experimental designs is needed to evaluate the efficacy of mathematics interventions for children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Suggestions for considering the behavioural phenotype in future research are provided.