cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magneto-Resistance Effects in the Group I Metals at High Fields

Measurements are reported on the resistivity and Hall coefficient of pure specimens of copper, silver and gold at 4 degrees K in fields up to 25 kG. The theoretical form of the conductivity tensor in high fields is worked out, for arbitrary dependence of energy and relaxation time on wave-vector, and is found to be in qualitative disagreement with the experimental results. Possible causes of the discrepancy are discussed, and it is concluded that it probably arises not from quantization effects, but from the assumption in the theory that a relaxation time exists and is independent of field.
Assessing information literacy skills using the ACRL standards as a guide

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to obtain preliminary evidence over a three‐year period on the efficacy of a curriculum designed to foster information literacy skills in graduate students in a chemistry bibliography course.Design/methodology/approach – Specifically, the researchers examined the application and results of an assessment tool and its connectivity to instructional strategies for improving literacy outcomes. ACRL's “Information literacy competency standards for higher education” provided the basis for the construction of the assessment tool. The instrument was given to chemistry graduate students enrolled in the course at the beginning and at the end of the semester.Findings – The assessment results from all three years indicated marked improvements in the average student score from the pre‐ to the post‐test. The assessment provided evidence of skill development over the course of the semester for specified outcomes.Research limitations/implications – The research would have been streng...
An ab initio analysis of the electronic structure and harmonic frequencies of nickel porphyrin

Ab initio calculations are performed to understand the geometry, electronic structure, and vibrational frequencies of nickel porphyrin (NiP). Hartree-Fock (HF) and second-order perturbation (MP2) theories are applied with polarized basis sets. The calculated geometrical parameters are in very good agreement with the crystal structure determination. The electronic structure and bonding are analyzed in terms of complexation and correlation effects. Not unexpectedly, the HF depiction of the metal-porphyrin interaction is rather ionic while ligand σ donation is dominant at the MP2 level. Scaled HF frequencies of NiP and its isotopomers are in very good agreement with observed infrared and resonance Raman data.
Theoretical quasar emission-line profiles. II - Effects of source function vibration and total thickness

By calculating the actual limb brightening functions for the emission-line clouds, rather than using the approximation that all observed radiation originates from the same part of the growth curve, the present consideration of radiation transfer effects in the broad emission line regions of quasars and Seyfert 1 galaxies allows the study of clouds whose total optical thickness is intermediate between the limiting cases of an optically thin Doppler core and Voigt wing emissions. The ability to predict minor differences in observed line profiles in a given object in terms of radiative transfer effects leads to the proposal of a test which may be able to distinguish between radial and orbital geometries. The test involves the difference in width between emission lines from the same family having different optical depth scales.
The role of the calcium sensing receptor in regulating intracellular calcium handling in human epidermal keratinocytes.

Calcium is critical for controlling the balance of proliferation and differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes. We previously reported that the calcium sensing receptor (CaR) is required for mediating Ca2+ signaling and extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o)-induced differentiation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which CaR regulates intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) and its role in differentiation. Membrane fractionation, fluorescence immunolocalization, and co-immunoprecipitation studies were performed to assess potential interactions between CaR and other regulators of Ca2+ stores and channels. We found that the glycosylated form of CaR forms a complex with phospholipase C γ1, IP3 receptor (IP3R), and the Golgi Ca2+-ATPase, secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 1, in the trans-Golgi. Inactivation of the endogenous CaR gene by adenoviral expression of a CaR antisense cDNA inhibited Ca2+i response to Ca2+o, decreased Ca2+i stores, decreased Ca2+o-induced differentiation, but augmented store-operated channel activity and Ca2+ uptake by intracellular organelles. Our results indicate that CaR regulates keratinocyte differentiation in part by modulating Ca2+i stores via interactions with Ca2+ pumps and channels that regulate those stores.
Electronic spectroscopy of the fluoroethylenes by electron impact

Abstract Electron impact excitation spectra of the six fluorine-substituted ethylenes have been measured at impact energies of 20 eV or 25 eV and 40 eV and scattering angles from 0° to 80°. Each of these molecules shows an absorption maximum between 4.2 eV and 4.7 eV corresponding to a singlet→triplet, π→π * transition. In addition, a weak absorption at 6.45 eV seen only in monofluoroethylene is assigned to the second singlet→triplet transition. Several absorption features at energies above the first ionization potential have also been observed in each molcules.
Response to How Are the Mighty Fallen

Barbara Green's monograph, How Are the Mighty Fallen?, shows her to be a strong reader of 1 Samuel, whose interpretive efforts function as both a co-author of 1 Samuel and co-creator of Saul and his cast of characters. Her dialogic style of reading, taken from Bakhtin, allows readers to engage her interpretation without having to agree to all her conclusions. Her facility with Bakhtinian analysis, however, means at times that Bakhtin intrudes on the conversation she engenders with her readers. Her distinction between the "real" God (who "wishes us well") and the God of the text requires further reflection, even if there is no final answerability from the human side. Green envisions a practice of reading, study, and engagement that is profoundly dialogical, inviting scholarly analysis beyond its conventional objectivism, but vigorously resisting a careless subjectivism that now so much jeopardizes our common work.
Structural characteristics of brain glutamate decarboxylase in relation to its interaction and activation.

Abstract The conformation, stability, cofactor interactions, and activation of a recombinant 65-kDa form of rat brain glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65) were investigated by using UV/visible spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and differential scanning microcalorimetry. The enzyme was prepared from Sf9 insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the entire GAD65 coding region. The UV/visible absorption spectrum of purified holoenzyme (holoGAD) exhibits two peaks in the range of 300–450 nm, which are due to the formation of a Schiff base when pyridoxal phosphate (pyridoxal-P) binds to GAD. Fluorescence emission intensity (excited at 295 or 280 nm) was substantially enhanced when pyridoxal-P was removed from holoGAD and quenched when pyridoxal-P was added to the apoenzyme (apoGAD). These observations implied that a significant enzyme conformational change occurs during the formation of holoGAD. Circular dichroism provided additional evidence for a conformational change, as the ellipticity of both negative (202–242 nm) and positive (188–202 nm) bands decreased when pyridoxal-P was removed from holoGAD. Secondary structure determination estimated that holoGAD contains a higher content of α-helix (34% versus 24%) and a lower content of β-sheet (18% versus 30%) than apoGAD. Differential scanning microcalorimetry indicated that holoGAD exhibits a much larger enthalpy and a 3°C higher temperature of thermal unfolding than apoGAD, suggesting that holoGAD has a much tighter conformation and greater stability than apoGAD. A model describing the interaction of pyridoxal-P with GAD is presented, which proposes that an intermediate complex involving ionic interaction between the phosphate group of pyridoxal-P and the positive, charged residues in the active site of GAD maintains the pyridoxal-P molecule in an appropriate position in the active center. Simultaneously, this complex formation is accompanied by a moderate enzyme conformational change, providing a favorable configuration that enables the ϵ-amino of the active-site lysine to react with the aldehyde group of pyridoxal-P. The formation of active holoGAD involves a large enzyme conformational change, which leads to increased stability.
XII—The Good of Friendship

Problems with representing friendship in painting and the novel and its more successful displays in drama reflect the fact that friends seldom act as inspiringly as traditional images of the relationship suggest: friends' activities are often trivial, commonplace and boring, sometimes even criminal. Despite all that, the philosophical tradition has generally considered friendship a moral good. I argue that it is not a moral good, but a good nonetheless. It provides opportunities to try different ways of being, and is crucial to the processes through which we establish our individuality.
Hypothyroidism: a possible risk factor for liver cancer in patients with no known underlying cause of liver disease.

Background & Aims: Up to 25% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) seen in U.S. centers are of unknown etiology. Animal studies suggest that hypothyroidism can directly cause liver cell damage and might be a risk factor for HCC. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the relationship between hypothyroidism and HCC. Methods: Cases (n = 54) were HCC patients seen at Mayo Clinic Rochester in whom no underlying etiology for chronic liver disease could be determined. Two groups of controls were selected, HCC patients with HCV (n = 57) and HCC patients with alcoholic liver disease (n = 49). Hypothyroidism was defined as thyroid-stimulating hormone level >5.0, history of hypothyroidism before HCC diagnosis, or a history of being on thyroid replacement at the time of HCC diagnosis. We used multivariate logistic regression to model the relationship between hypothyroidism and HCC etiology. Results: Of the 160 patients, 18 (11%) had a history of hypothyroidism. Twelve (22%) of those with no known etiology for HCC, 2 (4%) of those with HCV, and 4 (8%) of those with alcoholic liver disease had hypothyroidism. Patients with HCC of unknown etiology were significantly more likely to have a history of hypothyroidism as compared with HCC patients with HCV (adjusted odds ratio, 12.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.4–117.1) and as compared with all controls (adjusted odds ratio, 6.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–42.1). Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is more prevalent in HCC patients with an unknown etiology. It should be further investigated as a potential risk factor in liver carcinogenesis.
Effects of expectancy on the outcome of systematic desensitization and implosive treatments for analogue anxiety.

Fifty college female subjects, selected on the basis of their pretest, avoidance of a snake, were randomly assigned to four conditions; (a) desensitization, (b) implosion, (c) avoidance response, and (d) no-therapy. Half of the subjects received therapeutic instructions to establish a positive expectancy of improvement while, the other half received instructions designed to avoid establishing expectancy of improvement. After four sessions, the posttest was administered. It was found that desensitization and implosion both resulted in decreased pulse rate. The expectancy manipulation strongly affected overt, behavioral measures of fear. Implosion was most influenced by the expectancy effects, while positive expectancy implosion showed the most improvement over the traditional no-therapy group.
The orientation selectivity of single neurons in cat striate cortex

The sensitivity to stimulus orientation — orientation selectivity — of simple and complex neurons in cat striate cortex was studied quantitatively. Orientation selectivity was found to be related to receptive field size — neurons with larger receptive fields being less sensitive to stimulus orientation than those with smaller receptive fields. Simple cells were more orientationally selective than complex cells. The orientation selectivity of simple cells was only weakly related to their receptive field geometry (i.e., receptive field width/length ratio), but simple cells with narrow, elongated excitatory receptive fields are more orientationally selective than those with squarer, excitatory receptive fields. These results indicate that orientation selectivity cannot be accounted for solely by the geometry of the excitatory zones and suggest that inhibitory influences sharpen the tuning of simple striate neurons for stimulus orientation.
Detection of isoforms and isomers of rattlesnake myotoxins by capillary electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Abstract Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to study myotoxins, members of a highly homologous family of small, basic, non-enzymatic proteins found in rattlesnake venoms. Several rattlesnake species were investigated and conditions were set to optimize the one-step separation of the myotoxins from the rest of the venom components. Myotoxin containing venoms, when subjected to CE analysis, yielded multiple myotoxin peaks. The myotoxin were collected and further analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In some instances, multiple mass peaks were observed from the mass spectra, suggesting the existence of myotoxin isoforms. Furthermore, each venom that contained myotoxin yielded fractions with indistinguishable masses, indicating that myotoxin isomers were present. The isomers were readily detected in the electropherograms since they exist in a ca. 1:4 ratio, data already established for myotoxin a from the prairie rattlesnake. An in-column incubation method was used to address the re-equilibration of the separated isomers.
BraillePlay: educational smartphone games for blind children

There are many educational smartphone games for children, but few are accessible to blind children. We present BraillePlay, a suite of accessible games for smartphones that teach Braille character encodings to promote Braille literacy. The BraillePlay games are based on VBraille, a method for displaying Braille characters on a smartphone. BraillePlay includes four games of varying levels of difficulty: VBReader and VBWriter simulate Braille flashcards, and VBHangman and VBGhost incorporate Braille character identification and recall into word games. We evaluated BraillePlay with a longitudinal study in the wild with eight blind children. Through logged usage data and extensive interviews, we found that all but one participant were able to play the games independently and found them enjoyable. We also found evidence that some children learned Braille concepts. We distill implications for the design of games for blind children and discuss lessons learned.
Tumor Vessel Development and Expansion in Ewing's Sarcoma: A Review of the Vasculogenesis Process and Clinical Trials with Vascular-Targeting Agents

Ewing's sarcoma accounts for a disproportionately high portion of the overall pediatric mortality rate compared to its rare incidence in the pediatric population. Little progress has been made since the introduction of traditional chemotherapies, and understanding the biology of the tumor is critical for developing new therapies. Ewing's sarcomas rely on a functional vascular supply, which is formed by a combination of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Recent insights into the molecular regulation of bone marrow (BM) cell participation in vascular development have identified VEGF, SDF-1α, and DLL4 as critical players in the vasculogenesis process. Clinical trials using vascular targeting agents, specifically targeting VEGF or DLL4, are underway.
An Integrated Research Course Sequence: Empowering Teacher Candidates to Become Researchers in their Classrooms

This article examines one attempt to empower teacher candidates to become researchers in their own classrooms through an integrated research course sequence in the Masters of Arts in teaching program at Quinnipiac University. The author first outlines a number of teacher education programs that have shown some success in preparing new teachers to acquire the knowledge and skills to engage in action-based teacher research. The author then describes the three-semester research course sequence at Quinnipiac while highlighting what students learn and are expected to do in each semester. The author analyzes the surveys and interviews he conducted with some recent graduates of this program who reported that they had already began doing action research in their own classrooms, while highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the research course sequence. The final part of this article discusses some implications that can be gleaned from this example of those teacher education programs that are attempting to cu...
Cryotron storage cells for random access memories

Cryotron storage cells are attractive for random access memory because of their broad tolerances. In the past, their lower size limit has been set by the fact that their read-out signal becomes too small and short to be sensed by conventional amplifiers. A new sensing method has been developed which removes this limitation, so that the lower limit of cell size is now determined by fabrication technology only.This paper describes this technique as well as a number of old and new cryotron cells compatible with it. Cell dimensions are calculated in terms of fabrication parameters and a comparison of the densities of various bit and word organized designs is made.
Cervicovaginal human immunodeficiency virus secretion and plasma viral load in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive women

Objective To evaluate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 RNA burden in paired plasma and cervicovaginal lavage specimens and to assess the relation of plasma HIV-1 RNA level, CD4 cell count, and antiretroviral therapy with cervicovaginal HIV-1 viral load. Methods Paired blood and cervicovaginal lavage specimens were collected from 72 HIV-infected women. Quantitation of HIV-1 RNA from plasma and cervicovaginal lavage specimens was performed by using the nucleic acid sequencebased amplification assay. Analyses examined relations between cervicovaginal HIV-1 RNA and plasma HIV-1 RNA level, CD4 count, and antiretroviral therapy. Results Plasma HIV-1 RNA was detectable in 61 of 72 women (85%), with copy numbers ranging from 330 to 1,600,000 copies/mL. Twenty-eight of 72 (39%) had detectable HIV-1 RNA in cervicovaginal lavage specimens, ranging from 320 to 440,000 copies/mL. The cervicovaginal lavage HIV-1 RNA level was detectable in 9%, 29%, 52%, and 53% of the women with plasma HIV-1 RNA of less than 400, 400–9999, 10,000–100,000, and more than 100,000 copies, respectively ( P = .043). Among women with CD4 counts of less than 200, 200–500, and greater than 500/mm 3 , cervicovaginal lavage HIV-1 RNA was detected in 67%, 32%, and 25% of subjects, respectively ( P = .018). Among women receiving antiretroviral therapy, cervicovaginal lavage revealed HIV-1 RNA in 67%, 31%, and 25% with CD4 cell counts of less than 200, 200–500, and more than 500/mm 3 , respectively ( P = .042). Conclusion The presence of HIV-1 RNA in cervicovaginal lavage correlates significantly with the level of HIV-1 RNA in plasma and negatively with CD4 cell count.
Molecular Determinants of Calcium-Dependent Inactivation in Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channels

Abstract We investigated the nature and structural requirements for Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation of cardiac L-type Ca 2+ channel. Investigation of subunit requirements indicates that the interaction of α 1 subunit with ancillary subunits, especially β subunit, is important for this property. Replacement of the putative cytoplasmic regions of the cardiac α 1 subunit with skeletal muscle counterparts eliminates Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation, indicating that the site regulated by Ca 2+ resides in the cytoplasmic region of the α 1 subunit. Deletion of the carboxy-terminal region of the cardiac α 1 subunit does not eliminate this property, suggesting that the modulation by protein kinase A may not be involved in this mechanism. Single amino acid substitution that strongly reduces Ca 2+ selectivity of Ca 2+ channels also eliminates Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation, suggesting the close link between the ion selectivity and Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation.
Growth hormone effects on metabolism, body composition, muscle mass, and strength

It is clear that the anthropometric ramifications, especially with respect to muscle mass, of the metabolic actions of GH and IGF-I treatment in intact and GH-deficient adults require further study. At present, it appears that daily GH or IGF-I treatment modestly increases nitrogen retention in most normal adults, probably by separate but permissive mechanisms, but only for a short period of time (approximately 1 month). During prolonged GH administration, resistance to the anabolic actions of GH seems to occur, and optimizing the anabolic effects of GH or IGF-I treatment will require a better understanding of the interactions among GH, GHBP, IGF-I production, IGFBPs, the GH dose regimen, and other unidentified regulatory factors. On the basis of the similar increases in muscle protein synthesis, muscle cross-sectional area, and muscle strength observed in placebo and GH-treated exercising young adults, it is doubtful that the nitrogen retention associated with daily GH treatment results in an increase in contractile protein, improved muscle function, strength and athletic performance. Even in catabolic or GH-deficient populations, GH treatment provides only modest increments in nitrogen retention, muscle size, strength, and exercise capacity. Further, the side effects of GH treatment (water retention, carpal tunnel compression, insulin resistance) would be a detriment, rather than an aid, to athletic performance. In addition, whether prolonged (> 6 months) GH treatment alone or in combination with other agents used by athletes (e.g., anabolic steroids, beta-agonists) is associated with other adverse side effects (e.g., cancer, diabetes) has not been evaluated. Therefore, health professionals should continue to discourage the use of GH by exercise enthusiasts.
Soft tissue response to implants of gallium alloys and silver amalgam alloys

In 10 mature laboratory-strain rats implanted with gold-gallium dlloy test cylinders and silver amalgam alloy control cylinders, the host tissue response elicited by each alloy contrasted. After being implanted for 6 months, the silver amalgam implants caused mild tissue response, whereas the gold gallium implants caused a severe inflammatory tissue response—fibrosis.
It's about me solving my problems: Clients' assessments of dialectical behavior therapy

While the existing research consistently points to the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) in treating borderline personality disorder, little qualitative research has been conducted to ascertain the reasons for its success, especially from the perspective of those undergoing the treatment. Our qualitative investigation was undertaken with the goal of understanding, from the perspective of the client, what is effective about DBT and why. We interviewed 14 clients who were involved in a DBT program run by Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) of Kalamazoo, Inc.* All of the women interviewed reported that DBT had a positive impact on their lives.
Tumors of the canine nasal cavity.

Nasal tumors are most commonly seen in the middle-aged to older, medium- to large-breed dogs with a dolichocephalic or mesencephalic facial conformation. The typical history involves progressive nasal discharge, epistaxis, sneezing, and possibly facial deformity. Because these tumors metastasize late in the course of disease, aggressive surgery and radiation therapy is the treatment of choice to control local disease.
Constrained Density Functional Theory and Its Application in Long-Range Electron Transfer.

Recently, we have proposed an efficient method in the Kohn−Sham density functional theory (DFT) to study systems with a constraint on their density (Phys. Rev. A 2005, 72, 24502). In our approach, the constrained state is calculated directly by running a fast optimization of the constraining potential at each iteration of the usual self-consistent-field procedure. Here, we show that the same constrained DFT approach applies to systems with multiple constraints on the density. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we focus on the study of long-range charge-transfer (CT) states. We show that constrained DFT is size-consistent: one obtains the correct long-range CT energy when the donor−acceptor separation distance goes to infinity. For large finite distances, constrained DFT also correctly describes the 1/R dependence of the CT energy on the donor−acceptor separation. We also study a model donor−(amidinium−carboxylate)−acceptor complex, where experiments suggest a proton-coupled electron-transfer pro...
Polymerization of styrene in supercriticaln-butane

Abstract Free radical polymerization of styrene in supercritical n -butane ( T c = 152°C, P c = 3.87MPa) has been studied using t -butyl peroxide as the initiator. The effect of pressure (in the range from 6 to 35 MPa), temperature (in the range 160 to 180°C) and polymerization time (from 1 to 9 hours) have been evaluated in terms of the molecular weight and molecular weight distributions, and the yields of the resulting polymers. Polymerizations were carried out both in a batch and a continuous mode. It has been found that at a given pressure and polymerization time, increasing the temperature reduces the molecular weight and broadens the molecular weight distributions. All experiments resulted in relatively narrow molecular weight distributions with polydispersities below 2.4. Higher pressures were found to favor formation of polymers with higher molecular weights.
The neolithic demographic transition in mesoamerica

The Neolithic demographic transition in Mesoamerica was a gradual process that unfolded over most of the Formative period (1800 BC–AD 200). An analysis of published records of over 6,700 pre-Hispanic burials, focusing on changing proportions of juveniles 5–19 years of age, suggests that fertility rates rose steadily during both the second and the first millennia BC. The gradual pace of the demographic transition was probably related to the low initial productivity of maize.
The fine structure of nuclear inclusions in the brain of experimental golden hamsters

Nuclear bodies and intranuclear fibrillar bundles were observed within the central nervous tissue of the golden hamster after two different experimental procedures. An arbitrary classification of the nuclear bodies into three general types has been proposed. The occurrence of nuclear bodies in a large variety of pathological conditions, and their wide distribution in different types of tissue, renders them of little diagnostic value with respect to the etiology of any particular disease process. The marked increase in the incidence of nuclear bodies, however, in pathological states is indicative of an altered nuclear activity. Their relationship to the fibrillar bundles is unclear. The rarity of fibrillar bundles, even under pathological conditions, leads us to conclude that their presence may be regarded within the normal range of biological variation.
A simulation of particle dispersion in a turbulent jet

Abstract A vortex dynamics calculation of a turbulent jet has been used to study the behavior of discrete particles in an unsteady shear flow. Both axisymmetic and three-dimensional calculations have been performed. It was found that the three-dimensional code did not show significantly different behavior in terms of azimuthal particle disperion from the axisymmetric code under the thin vortex assumption. The full equation for particle dynamics was integrated through the flow field and the results were compared to a calculation which used only the drag force. It was found that the dispersion of droplets was underestimated typically by 25% by the simple approximation, with the greatest errors incurred for large droplets under high-pressure combustor conditions.
How Families Really Manage Their Wealth

The modern personal financial world is quite complex and a great number of stimuli encourage the “wealthy” to turn to professionals for wealth management advice. The author starts with a note pointing to the staggering growth of assets under the stewardship of the wealthy and thus investigates where families turn for financial advice. He then shows how these choices have changed over time and the results of making those choices. He offers three important conclusions. First, richer families are more likely to use professional help than poorer families, and over time more families are moving toward professional assistance. Second, people9s financial efforts are backward from what should be expected from wealth maximizers. Third, the different methods of advice impact financial performance.
Outcomes of extremely low risk prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy.

The optimal management of men with very favorable clinicopathological factors who develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) has not been previously reported. Both local and systemic recurrences are unlikely in this cohort. This study examines their management and outcomes. Between October 2000 to March 2010, 1627 men underwent open RP by a single surgeon. In all, 448 (27.5%) met the following criteria for extremely low risk disease: preoperative PSA level <10 ng ml−1, clinical stage T1c/T2a, Gleason score ⩽6, estimated cancer volume in the surgical specimen ⩽5% and no evidence for positive surgical margin. Undetectable PSA was defined as ⩽0.04 ng ml−1. BCR was defined as PSA ⩾0.2 ng ml−1 or initiation of salvage radiation therapy (SRT) for progressively rising PSA. At 54 months mean follow-up (range 3–114 months), 9 (2%) of the 448 men developed BCR. Mean time to BCR was 63 months (range 12–93) and mean PSA doubling time was 15 months (range 6–27). Six underwent SRT, two elected surveillance and one was lost to follow-up. All men undergoing SRT exhibited more than 75% reduction in pre-SRT PSA, indicating the presence of local disease recurrence. All men undergoing SRT maintained PSA levels <0.1 at last follow-up. The BCR of 2% confirmed that we selected a cohort with extremely low risk for BCR after RP. We demonstrated that men fulfilling our criteria who develop BCR all harbor local disease based on favorable response to SRT. These men should be managed with SRT if recurrence is felt to be biologically significant.
Interdependent power: Strategizing for the Occupy Movement

Protest movement from the lower reaches of society cannot deploy the resources to which we usually attribute the effective exercise of power. This article argues that when such movements do succeed, it is because the protestors have activated a distinctive kind of power. This power is rooted in their ability to disrupt the cooperative arrangements that constitute societies. ‘Occupy Wall Street’s’ contemplation of a debtors’ strike is an example of such a strategy and the formidable obstacles to its actuation.
Eliminating gene conversion improves high-throughput genetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Synthetic genetic analysis was improved by eliminating leaky expression of the HIS3 reporter and gene conversion between the HIS3 reporter and his3Δ1. Leaky expression was eliminated using 3-aminotriazole and gene conversion was eliminated by using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe his5+ gene, resulting in a 5- to 10-fold improvement in the efficiency of SGA.
Phase separation in a mixture of a Bose-Einstein condensate and a two-component Fermi gas as a probe of Fermi superfluidity

We study the phase diagram of the mixture of a Bose-Einstein condensate and a two-component Fermi gas. In particular, we identify the regime where the homogeneous system becomes unstable against phase separation. We show that, under proper conditions, the phase-separation phenomenon can be exploited as a robust probe of ``local'' Fermi superfluidity.
Improved detection of clinically significant, curable prostate cancer with systematic 12-core biopsy.

ABSTRACTPurpose: While systematic 12-core (S12C) biopsy detects more cancers than sextant biopsy, to our knowledge the clinical significance of these additionally detected tumors has not been established. We studied pathological parameters of prostatectomy specimens from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer detected with a S12C biopsy to determine the clinical significance of these cancers in comparison with sextant detected cancers.Materials and Methods: A total of 179 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer detected by S12C biopsy were studied. The groups compared consisted of the sextant core subset of the S12C and the entire S12C set. Total tumor volume, Gleason score, organ confined status, surgical margin status, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node involvement, and clinical significance of tumors detected by sextant and by S12C templates were compared.Results: S12C biopsy detected a greater number of cancers scored as m...
Face detection and head tracking using stereo and thermal infrared cameras for "smart" airbags: a comparative analysis

Vision based systems for "smart" airbag systems aim to give precise information about occupant pose and location. This information can be used to make intelligent airbag deployment decisions. This paper reviews both a stereo-based and long wave infrared-based system for "smart" airbag deployment. The algorithms are systematically evaluated through extensive real-time occupant tests. Data for both algorithms is simultaneously collected and evaluated for viability in an intelligent airbag system. Results of these experimental trials show the feasibility of each video based occupant position analysis system. Advantages and drawbacks of each method are discussed and potential solutions are suggested.
Poly(enaminonitriles): Novel Materials for Use in Microelectronics

A series of new poly(enaminonitriles) were synthesized by the condensation polymerization of three different bis(chlorodicyano-vinyl) aromatic monomers with various aromatic diamines. These polymers have moderate to high molecular weight with intrinsic viscosities ranging from 0.35 to 0.77 dl/g and form flexible films. These polymers exhibit good solubility in many organic solvents and excellent thermal stability, retaining their weight up to 400 °C in air. Poly(enaminonitriles) undergo ‘curing’ reactions at high temperature (~300 °C) to provide insoluble, infusible material without emission of volatile by-products. Dielectric constants of these polymers ranged from 3.5 to 5.2 depending on the structure. Their thermal and dielectric properties are correlated to the structures.
Determining Dosing Intervals for Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Agonists Based on Serum Testosterone Levels: A Prospective Study

Purpose: Long acting luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists are the predominant form of androgen suppression in the treatment of prostate cancer with the goal of maintaining castrate levels of testosterone. Current dosing of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists does not include monitoring the end organ response of serum testosterone. Recent evidence suggests standard dosing regimens fail to achieve castrate levels of testosterone in some patients while in other patients testosterone can remain at castrate levels longer than the manufacturer recommended dosing interval. We prospectively evaluated patients with prostate cancer receiving luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist hormonal therapy to determine the length of time that serum testosterone remains at or below castrate levels.Materials and Methods: A 3-month dose of 22.5 mg leuprolide was administered to all patients as a first dose followed by a second dose 3 months later. Serum testosterone and prostate specific antigen were...
ELECTROPHORETIC IDENTITY OF POLYPEPTIDES FROM THE NUCLEAR MEMBRANE OF ANTHOPLEURA -ASSOCIATED ZOOXANTHELLAE1

SUMMARY Nonproliferating zooxanthellae from Anthopleura elegantissima were incubated with 3H-amino acids for 4–16 hr to uniformly label cell protein. Radioactive proteins from the nuclear membrane were extracted and solubilized for electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. Four major electrophoretic species of polypeptides were observed at pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 in an SDS-urea-glutathione system. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 32,000, 44,000, 56,000, and 140,000 daltons. All 4 polypeptides are common to the outer as well as inner nuclear envelopes.
A Practical bedside resource for palliative care

If you are looking for a practical bedside resource that provides easily accessible information on a broad range of key palliative care topics, then this is the book for you. This is the fifth edition of a widely-published guide that is “intended as a bedside aid, to be consulted when you feel the need for additional help and advice.” The authors meet this goal. The preface states that the book is not meant to be read cover to cover, but rather to be consulted as needed. I took both approaches in reviewing the book, both reading it from cover to cover and using it as a resource for specific clinical questions. A Guide to Symptom Relief in Palliative Care provides many practical recommendations, both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic. Overall, the sections are well written and well referenced; inclusion of annotations indicating the type of reference (e.g., book vs. review vs. editorial vs. randomized controlled trial) is unusual, but welcomed. Helpful online references are included (www.palliativedrugs.com). An excellent breadth of topics is covered. The “Introduction” makes good use of patient quotes in providing a compelling case for and
A lossless encryption method for medical images using edge maps

Image encryption is an effective approach for providing security and privacy protection for medical images. This paper introduces a new lossless approach, called EdgeCrypt, to encrypt medical images using the information contained within an edge map. The algorithm can fully protect the selected objects/regions within medical images or the entire medical images. It can also encrypt other types of images such as grayscale images or color images. The algorithm can be used for privacy protection in the real-time medical applications such as wireless medical networking and mobile medical services.
Effects of vertical boundaries on infinite Prandtl number thermal convection

SUMMARY The physics of thermomechanical coupling of the continental lithosphere and its surrounding mantle is studied using a simple hydrodynamic model in which a fluid is heated from below and is bounded by rigid side walls. Rayleigh numbers up to 106 are considered. A series of finite-element stability analyses is employed to characterize systematically the nature of convective instability in such a system. The marginal stability of a bounded fluid is increased not only by the rigid boundary condition on side walls, but also by heat conduction across side walls. The planform of convection at the marginal state is 3-D, having convective rolls aligned perpendicular to side walls. The characteristics of non-linear convection at supercritical Rayleigh numbers are investigated by first calculating 2-D steady-state solutions and then applying 2-D and 3-D stability analyses. The 2-D stability analysis shows that the presence of side walls significantly reduces the transition Rayleigh number for time-dependent convection, and the 3-D stability analysis shows that heat conduction through side walls strongly prefers 3-D convective motion. Finally, the characteristics of 3-D convection are analysed through the 3-D single-mode approximation. Both 2-D and 3-D single-mode solutions demonstrate that conducting side walls reduce the strength of convection at low Rayleigh numbers but have a negligible influence at higher Rayleigh numbers. We therefore propose that the basal topography of the continental lithosphere can modulate the convective planform efficiently in the upper mantle.
Data revisions in India: Implications for monetary policy

Abstract This paper studies data revision properties of GDP growth and inflation for the Indian economy. The results show that revisions to GDP growth and inflation are significant, and cannot be characterized as either containing pure news or pure noise. We also find that there is a significant predictable component in the revisions to GDP growth and inflation. Our findings suggest that if the Reserve Bank of India were to follow a Taylor rule for its monetary policy formulation, then the interest rate based on the preliminary data would be much lower than the one based on the fully revised data.
Why sociologists abandoned the sick role concept

The concept of the sick role entered sociology in 1951 when Talcott Parsons creatively separated the sick person out of the doctor–patient dyad. The idea became fundamental in the subdiscipline of medical sociology. By the 1990s, the concept had almost disappeared from the research literature. Beyond the generational and theoretical changes that explain how the sick role idea could become irrelevant or unnecessary to sociologists, there were two immediate factors: the negative politicization of the concept and the shift of medical sociologists to a focus on applied health behavior. In the later, fragmented discipline of sociology, final, total abandonment was still uncertain.
Preparation of nano‐sized UV‐absorbing titanium‐oxo‐clusters via a photo‐curing ceramer process

A titanium sol-gel precursor, titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIP), was mixed with an epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). Using a cationic super-acid photoinitiator, triarylsulfonium hexafluoroantimonate, both the organic phase (ELO) and the inorganic phase (TIP) were concomitantly cured. The exposure to moisture was strictly controlled before and during the UV-curing process. The UV-Visible spectra, SAXs (small angle X-ray), DMA (dynamic mechanical properties), and contact angle were investigated as a function of sol-gel precursor. The UV-Visible spectra revealed that the inorganic/organic hybrid materials were more effective at blocking the UV-light than nanoparticulate titanium dioxide while maintaining complete transparency in the visible region. The contact angle data indicated that the inorganic phase preferentially was concentrated at the film-surface interface. The SAXs data was indicative of a 2--5 nm titanium-oxo-cluster size, and the DMA data suggests a well distributed system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Orbit With a t(9;22)(q31;p13)

Abstract Solitary fibrous tumors are well-described neoplasms found predominantly in the subpleural region but also in many other body sites. They generally behave in a benign fashion, although a few cases that exhibit a malignant course have been reported. Genetic information on solitary fibrous tumors is sparse. This case illustrates a previously unreported finding of a tumor-specific t(9;22)(q31;p13) in a solitary fibrous tumor of the orbit of a 58-year-old man.
Apple Diseases and their Management

In this chapter the world’s most important apple diseases are described and common approaches for managing them are reviewed. The chapter does not provide a description of every disease that occurs on apple, a function that is better fulfilled by the APS Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases (Jones and Aldwinckle 1990). Nor is this a comprehensive literature review on the selected diseases. I have attempted to include information on the geographic distribution of the disease, as well as providing a brief historical aspect for most diseases covered. I have also attempted to include the most recent references and scientific work related to each disease.
Clinical Implications of Variant ALK FISH Rearrangement Patterns

Introduction Break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the FDA-approved assay for detecting anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK ) rearrangements in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), identifying patients who can gain dramatic benefit from ALK kinase inhibitors. Assay interpretation can be technically challenging, and either splitting of the 5' and 3' probes or loss of the 5' probe constitute rearrangement. We hypothesized that there may be clinical differences depending on rearrangement pattern on FISH. Methods An IRB-approved database of NSCLC patients at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute was queried for ALK rearrangement. Clinical characteristics and response to crizotinib were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) were obtained when available. Results Of 1614 NSCLC patients with ALK testing, 82 patients (5.1%) had ALK rearrangement by FISH: 30 patients with split signals, 25 patients with 5' deletion, and 27 patients with details unavailable. Patients with 5' deletion were older ( p = 0.01) and tended to have more extensive smoking histories ( p = 0.08). IHC was positive for ALK rearrangement in all 27 patients with FISH split signals, whereas three of 21 patients with FISH 5' deletion had negative IHC (p = 0.05). Targeted NGS on two of three cases with discordant FISH and IHC results did not identify ALK rearrangement, instead finding driver mutations in EGFR and KRAS. Patients with 5' deletion treated with crizotinib had a smaller magnitude of tumor response ( p = 0.03). Conclusions Patients with 5' deletion on ALK FISH harbor features less typical of ALK -rearranged tumors, potentially indicating that some cases with this variant are false positives. Corroborative testing with IHC or NGS may be beneficial.
The Quiet Revolution in U.S. Subnational Corporate Income Taxation

Stark suggests that state corporate income taxes should be abolished and the corporate income tax assigned to the federal government. The history of U.S. subnational corporate income taxation over the past two decades is largely a story of the unraveling of the Uniform Division of Income for Tax Purposes Act, Stark suggests. Recent changes toward emphasizing the sales factor are gradually transforming the corporate income tax into something more like a modfified gross receipts tax, the author says. Congress has the power under the Commerce Clause to preempt state or local taxation of multistate or multinational corporations, the author writes. It is time for Congress to consider doing so, the author suggests.