cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tibial plateau fracture after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Complications have been described with each technique for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee, both open and arthroscopically assisted. The authors describe a case of tibial plateau fracture occurring 7 months after an ACL reconstruction using the half tunnel technique. The fracture occurred at the tibial fixation site and required open reduction with internal fixation. To our knowledge, only 2 cases of proximal tibial fracture after patellar tendon autograft ACL reconstruction have been previously reported. The authors hypothesize that patellar tendon harvesting with bone blocks and transosseous tibial tunnel can produce a "stress riser" effect and somehow act synergistically to create decreased strength at the level of proximal tibial metaphysis.
More than Bystanders: The Effect of Olefins on Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions

Olefins and alkynes are ubiquitous in transition-metal catalysis, whether introduced by the substrate, the catalyst, or as an additive. Whereas the impact of metals and ligands is relatively well understood, the effects of olefins in these reactions are generally underappreciated, even though numerous examples of olefins influencing the outcome of a reaction, through increased activity, stability, or selectivity, have been reported. This Review provides an overview of the interaction of olefins with transition metals and documents examples of olefins influencing the outcome of catalytic reactions, in particular cross-coupling reactions. It should thus provide a basis for the improved understanding and further utilization of olefin and alkyne effects in transition-metal-catalyzed reactions.
POSITIVE SOLUTIONS OF SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR DIFFERENCE BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

We study a class of second order nonlinear difference boundary value problems with separated boundary conditions. A series of criteria are obtained for the existence of one, two, arbitrary number, and even an infinite number of positive solutions. A theorem for the nonexistence of positive solutions is also derived. Several examples are given to demonstrate the applications. Our results improve and supplement several results in the literature.
Absolute Definition of Phase Shift in the Elastic Scattering of a Particle from Compound Systems

The projection of the target wave function on the total wave function of a scattered particle interacting with the target system is used to define an absolute phase shift including any multiples of pi. With this definition of the absolute phase shift, one can prove rigorously in the limit of zero energy for s-wave electrons scattered from atomic hydrogen that the triplet phase shift must approach a nonzero multiple of pi. One can further show that at least one pi of this phase shift is not connected with the existence of a bound state of the H- ion.
Time parallel kinetic-molecular interaction algorithm for CPU/GPU computers

A parallel-in-time, multiscale interaction procedure is introduced for systems described at molecular scales by time-dependent random variables that obey Langevin dynamics. At larger, kinetic scales, the system is described by a probability distribution function that obeys an associated Fokker-Planck equation. It is assumed that the main quantity of interest is the kinetic-scale probability distribution function, and that molecular time scales are much smaller than those of interest at the kinetic scale. The overall multiscale interaction procedure is an iterative refinement predictorcorrector algorithm similar to the parareal method, but with different physical models used in each stage. In the predictor stage, a partial differential equation solver is used to obtain estimates of the probability distribution function on a subdivision of a time interval. At the starting time of each subinterval, the predicted probability distribution function is used to initialize an ensemble of random variables that are subsequently evolved forward in time by the Langevin dynamics. A probability distribution function estimate is constructed from the Langevin time evolution at the molecular scale and compared to that from the kinetic scale Fokker-Planck equation to determine whether further iterative refinement is needed. The molecular-scale computations are executed on highly parallel graphics processor units, while the kinetic-scale simulation is running on central processing units. The performance of the algorithm is tested on the simple dumbbell model of polymer flow.
Caloric restriction in C57BL/6J mice mimics therapeutic fasting in humans.

Background: Caloric restriction (CR) has long been recognized as a dietary therapy that improves health and increases longevity. Little is known about the persistent effects of CR on plasma biomarkers (glucose, ketone bodies, and lipids) following re-feeding in mice. It is also unclear how these biomarker changes in calorically restricted mice relate to those observed previously in calorically restricted humans. Results: Three groups of individually housed adult female C57BL/6J (B6) mice (n = 4/group) were fed a standard rodent chow diet either: (1) unrestricted (UR); (2) restricted for three weeks to reduce body weight by approximately 15–20% (R); or (3) restricted for three weeks and then refed unrestricted (ad libitum) for an additional three weeks (R-RF). Body weight and food intake were measured throughout the study, while plasma lipids and levels of glucose and ketone bodies (β-hydroxybutyrate) were measured at the termination of the study. Plasma glucose, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly lower in the R mice than in the UR mice. In contrast, plasma fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate were significantly higher in the R mice than in the UR mice. CR had no effect on plasma phosphatidylinositol levels. While body weight and plasma lipids of the R-RF mice returned to unrestricted levels upon re-feeding, food intake and glucose levels remained significantly lower than those prior to the initiation of CR. Conclusion: CR establishes a new homeostatic state in B6 mice that persists for at least three weeks following ad libitum re-feeding. Moreover, the plasma biomarker changes observed in B6 mice during CR mimic those reported in humans on very low calorie diets or during therapeutic fasting.
Initial clinical experience with frameless stereotactic radiosurgery: analysis of accuracy and feasibility.

Abstract Purpose : To report on preliminary clinical experience with a novel image-guided frameless stereotactic radiosurgery system. Methods and Materials : Fifteen patients ranging in age from 14 to 81 received radiosurgery using a commercially available frameless stereotactic radiosurgery system. Pathologic diagnoses included metastases (12), recurrent primary intracranial sarcoma (1), recurrent central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (1), and medulloblastoma with supratentorial seeding (1). Treatment accuracy was assessed from image localization of the stereotactic reference array and reproducibility of biteplate reseating. We chose 0.3 mm vector translation error and 0.3 degree rotation about each axis as the maximum tolerated misalignment before treating each arc. Results : The biteplates were found on average to reseat with a reproducibility of 0.24 mm. The mean registration error from CT localization was found to be 0.5 mm, which predicts that the average error at isocenter was 0.82 mm. No patient treatment was delivered beyond the maximum tolerated misalignment. The radiosurgery treatment was delivered in approximately 25 min per patient. Conclusion : Our initial clinical experience with stereotactic radiotherapy using the infrared camera guidance system was promising, demonstrating clinical feasibility and accuracy comparable to many frame-based systems.
Localized Hartree product orbitals in correlated studies of molecules

Use of orthogonalized Hartree product (OHP) orbitals as the reference orbitals in coupled-cluster (cc) calculations is presented. Since such orbitals are determined without exchange, they provide as “classical” a description as possible. The OHP orbitals were generated by implementing Harris's formulation of the original Hartree method. Some computational considerations of the formulation are discussed. A critical evaluation of the OHP method as an orbital localization scheme is presented. The OHP orbitals were used as the reference in CCD and CCSD calculations and compared with corresponding Hartree-Fock (HF) reference CC results. The average variation of localized Hartree product (LHP) reference CCSD energy from that of the HF reference is 0.83 kcal/mol, whereas for CCD, the average variation is 234 kcal/mol, indicating the importance of single-excitation effects in CC calculations with non-HF references. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Individual Prostate Biopsy Core Embedding Facilitates Maximal Tissue Representation

Purpose: The probability of detecting small foci of prostate cancer is related to the amount of tissue represented. When multiple prostate biopsy cores are embedded in a single block, less tissue is evaluated because it is difficult to embed all cores in a single plane for optimal tissue representation. A computer simulation of sectioning biopsy cores was devised to examine the total surface area available at various angles of embedding and predict the ability to detect small tumor foci.Materials and Methods: The computer simulation of biopsy core was done using commercially available software. Biopsy cores were represented as 3-dimensional cylindrical objects and the cutting blade was represented by a 2-dimensional plane. The intersection of the plane and cylinder represented the cut surface, which varied depending on cylinder angle and position. The simulation program calculates available surface area.Results: Maximal surface area was obtained when the plane was horizontal to the long axis of the core. ...
Robust reach-avoid controller synthesis for switched nonlinear systems

In this paper, we describe a method to automatically synthesize controllers that provide hard guarantees of safety and target reachability for sampled-data switched systems under bounded continuous disturbances. Techniques from hybrid system verification are used to perform continuous time differential game calculations on each sampling interval. Iterative procedures are given for computing the set of states for which there exists an admissible control policy so that the closed-loop system satisfies the properties of safety and reachability over a finite time horizon. From this computation, we show how to obtain an explicit state feedback policy in the form of multiple reachable sets, and an algorithm is given for using this feedback law in closed-loop control of the switched system. A simulation example of automated aerial refueling is used to illustrate the application of our approach.
Evidence that fungal MEP proteins mediate diffusion of the uncharged species NH(3) across the cytoplasmic membrane.

Methylammonium and ammonium permeases MEP1, MEP2, and MEP3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (35) and the ammonium and methylammonium transport B (AmtB) protein of enteric bacteria (64) are members of a unique family of cytoplasmic membrane transporters that are specific for ammonium (48). (We use ammonium to designate both the charged and uncharged species.) The MEP/Amt family (nomenclature, TC 2.49) occurs ubiquitously in bacteria, archaea, and eukarya (19, 36). Beginning with the pioneering studies of Hackette et al. (16), the activity of MEP/Amt proteins has been assessed by studying transport and accumulation of the ammonium analog methylammonium, which can be 14C labeled. Based on studies with methylammonium it has been proposed that members of the MEP/Amt family transport the charged species NH4+ across the cytoplasmic membrane and concentrate it in an energy-dependent manner (19, 65). We showed previously that enteric bacteria convert methylammonium to γ-N-methylglutamine in the ATP-dependent reaction catalyzed by glutamine synthetase and hence that methylammonium cannot be used to assess energy-dependent concentrative uptake (62). The same metabolic conversion occurs in other proteobacteria, including methylotrophic pseudomonads (2, 11, 12, 22–24, 51, 58), and in cyanobacteria (41) and plants (13). Contrary to a previous report (60), it also appears to occur in the gram-positive bacterium Corynebacterium glutamicum (39). In contrast, the fungi S. cerevisiae and Penicillium chrysogenum accumulate methylammonium in the absence of metabolism (16, 53). When provided at high external concentrations, methylammonium accumulates in acidic compartments of fungi and other eukaryotes, thereby neutralizing these compartments and perturbing their function (15, 25, 45, 46, 61, 69). The same is true for ammonium and other weak bases (1, 32, 55, 66). We now present evidence that the charged species CH3NH3+ is accumulated in acidic vacuoles of the yeast S. cerevisiae and the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa, even when [14C]methylammonium is provided at low external concentrations. Because acidification of vacuoles depends on the activity of the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase or V-type H+-ATPase) (3, 4, 9, 27, 50), MEP-dependent sequestration of methylammonium is driven by an energy-requiring secondary process. Therefore, in fungi as in bacteria, the energy-dependent concentration of methylammonium does not provide evidence for its active transport across the cytoplasmic membrane. Interestingly, an N. crassa mutant (vma-1) that cannot acidify its vacuoles couples uptake of methylammonium to the energy-requiring secondary process used in bacteria, i.e., conversion to methylglutamine.
Improved sample preparation of glyphosate and methylphosphonic acid by EPA method 6800A and time-of-flight mass spectrometry using novel solid-phase extraction

The employment of chemical weapons by rogue states and/or terrorist organizations is an ongoing concern in the United States. The quantitative analysis of nerve agents must be rapid and reliable for use in the private and public sectors. Current methods describe a tedious and time-consuming derivatization for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry. Two solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques for the analysis of glyphosate and methylphosphonic acid are described with the utilization of isotopically enriched analytes for quantitation via atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (APCI-Q-TOF-MS) that does not require derivatization. Solid-phase extraction-isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SPE-IDMS) involves pre-equilibration of a naturally occurring sample with an isotopically enriched standard. The second extraction method, i-Spike, involves loading an isotopically enriched standard onto the SPE column before the naturally occurring sample. The sample and the spike are then co-eluted from the column enabling precise and accurate quantitation via IDMS. The SPE methods in conjunction with IDMS eliminate concerns of incomplete elution, matrix and sorbent effects, and MS drift. For accurate quantitation with IDMS, the isotopic contribution of all atoms in the target molecule must be statistically taken into account. This paper describes two newly developed sample preparation techniques for the analysis of nerve agent surrogates in drinking water as well as statistical probability analysis for proper molecular IDMS. The methods described in this paper demonstrate accurate molecular IDMS using APCI-Q-TOF-MS with limits of quantitation as low as 0.400 mg/kg for glyphosate and 0.031 mg/kg for methylphosphonic acid.
Characterizing the sexual abuse experiences of young adolescents

The purpose of this descriptive study was to: (a) compare the demographics of maltreated youth initially labeled as sexually abused by the Department of Child and Family Services (DCFS) to maltreated youth classified as sexually abused using current and past case records, (b) identify differences in sexual abuse experiences and types of perpetrators between boys and girls, and (c) provide a detailed description of the sexual abuse experiences for boys and girls. Participants were youth ages 9–12 years old with a recent maltreatment allegation. The Maltreatment Case Record Abstraction Instrument (MCRAI) was used to code child welfare records of 303 maltreated youth of whom 60 experienced sexual abuse. Perpetrators were classified by gender into four categories (biological parent, parental figure, relative, and unrelated) and type of abuse was classified into three categories (penetrative, contact without penetration, and non-contact). Using Chi-Square tests, perpetrator categories and sexual abuse types were compared by child gender for significant differences. Only 23 (38.3%) of the 60 sexually abused youth were labeled as sexually abused in the most recent DCFS report when they entered the study. About three-quarters of the sexually abused youth experienced non-penetrative physical contact, 40% experienced penetration, and 15% experienced sexual abuse without physical contact. Most youth (91.7%) were victimized by a male, and 21.7% were abused by a female. Youth experienced a large range of sexual abuse experiences, the details of which may be important for exploration of consequences of childhood sexual abuse.
Seasonal change in the phase relations of circadian neurotransmitter rhythms in the anterior hypothalamus

Serotonin and norepinephrine concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in the right and left anterior hypothalamic nuclei (AHN) of scotosensitive (reproductively inhibited by short daylengths) and scotorefractory male Syrian hamsters maintained on short daylengths (LD 10:14). Marked circadian rhythms of serotonin and nonrepinephrine concentrations were observed in the right and left AHN of both scotosensitive and scotorefractory hamsters. In the right and left AHN of scotorefractory hamsters there was a 12-16-hour phase relationship between the daily peaks of serotonin and nonrepinephrine concentrations. However, in the left AHN of scotosensitive hamsters there was a 0-4 hour phase relation between the daily peaks of the two neurotransmitters. Seasonal conditions are thought to be the result of interactions between circadian and neuroendocrine rhythms. The AHN may represent a neural pacemaker area where circadian neural rhythms can interact temporally to produce seasonal complexes of physiology conditions. >
Evaluation of Dabigatran Utilization and Risk Among Hospitalized Patients

Background: Few data exist to evaluate the use of dabigatran among hospitalized patients and this population that may be at increased risk for toxicity or reduced efficacy. As such, the objectives of this study were to describe the characteristics of hospitalized patients prescribed dabigatran and to compare select characteristics with patients included in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation (RE-LY) phase III clinical trial. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Upstate University Hospital. Select patient characteristics, including age, renal function, and drug interaction exposure, were compared with those for patients in the RE-LY trial. Results: The study included 140 patients. Mean age was 69.7 years (SD = 13.8) and 72 (51.4%) were male. The mean CHADS2 score was 2.48 as compared with 2.2 in RE-LY. Significantly more patients in our study had moderate to severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance [CrCl] < 50 mL/min) as compared with the RE-LY trial (27.5% vs 19.4%, P...
The Effects of Chronic Treatment with the Mood Stabilizers Valproic Acid and Lithium on Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Neuronal Systems

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a preeminent role in coordinating the endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress. Dysregulation of both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic CRF systems have been reported in patients with major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, effective treatment of these conditions leads to normalization of these CRF systems. Although there is virtually no data concerning alterations of CRF systems in bipolar disorder (manic depressive illness), previous work indicates that valproic acid, an anticonvulsant also effective in the treatment of acute mania, alters central CRF neuronal systems. In the current studies, we chronically administered valproic acid and lithium, two clinically effective mood stabilizers, in nonstressed rats to extend our previous findings. Chronic valproic acid administration decreased CRF mRNA expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus; lithium administration increased CRF mRNA expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Although valproic acid increased CRF(1) receptor mRNA expression in the cortex, CRF(1) receptor binding was decreased in both the basolateral amygdala and cortex, suggesting that chronic valproate treatment may in fact dampen the overall tone in this central stress pathway. Valproate treatment decreased CRF(2A) mRNA expression in both the lateral septum and hypothalamus, although CRF(2A) receptor binding was unchanged. Lithium administration decreased CRF(1) mRNA expression in both the amygdala and frontal cortex, but CRF(1) receptor binding also remained unchanged. These results suggest that the therapeutic actions of these mood stabilizers may, in part, result from their actions on central CRF neuronal systems. The distinct actions of each drug on CRF systems may underlie their synergistic clinical effects.
Magnetization of the Cambrian Lamotte Formation in Missouri

Summary The Upper Cambrian Lamotte formation of South-eastern Missouri in Central United States is a white sandstone which, though very weakly magnetized, is amenable to investigation by standard palaeomagnetic techniques. Out of the total of 150 oriented cores, 134 specimens were found to possess measurable intensities of the order of 1 times 10-6 emu cm-3. Though thermal cleaning does not produce reliable results, magnetic cleaning yields three groupings of significant directions of magnetization, two of which are associated with the lower coarse grained part of the formation and one with its fine grained upper layers. The first two are believed to be associated with secondary magnetization, one representing the direction of the Carboniferous geomagnetic field. The third group subdivides into two subgroups based on sampling of a columnar section near the top of the formation and is associated with the original magnetization of depositional origin. The palaeomagnetic poles of these two subgroups are situated at 160° W, 38° S and 155° E, 11·5° S respectively and are thought to represent two distinct phases of Upper Cambrian geomagnetic field. Mineralogical studies and investigations of the magnetic properties of the sandstone show that the magnetic minerals carrying the magnetization are members of the ilmenite–haematite series of the same average grain size (∼15μ) in both types of rock. The magnetization of the coarse grained part is mainly of chemical origin and is carried predominantly by an homogeneous ilmenite–haematite solid solution, while that of the fine grained part is associated with specular haematite and titanohaematite containing ilmenite lamellae. Both types of sandstone, but especially the coarse grained type, contain titanohaematite with microintergrowths, as well as finely divided haematite in a demagnetized state. Heat treatment of the fine grained sandstone for 6 hr at 735 °C changes its magnetic behaviour to that of the coarse grained type. The results suggest also that the stable part of remanence in natural haematite is that of the lattice defect moment with a ferrimagnetic Curie point at 725 °C. Comparison of the Upper Cambrian and Carboniferous Lamotte palaeomagnetic poles with the corresponding poles for European rocks suggests that North America and Europe have been drifting apart since Upper Palaeozoic. The results indicate that despite Post-Cambrian re-magnetization of the Lamotte sandstone a considerable part of the formation has retained its original Cambrian magnetization.
The Open Government Index Initiative: A Colombian Tool for Preventing Institutional Corruption

Corruption has become the most problematic factor for doing business in Colombia as well as a more acceptable form of behavior among its citizens. The Procuraduria is an independent body in charge of overseeing legal compliance in this country. Although Colombia has one of the strongest legal anti-corruption mechanisms in the world, it evidences low levels of implementation. What is the Procuraduria doing to increase compliance with anticorruption laws? Under the scope of its preventive function, and based on the “Fraud Triangle” framework, the Procuraduria designed the Open Government Index (OGI) Initiative in 2010. The OGI measures levels of implementation of anti-corruption laws in all 1,133 local governments in Colombia. Data comes from 76 national and local public entities. Local governments are ranked based on the scores obtained in OGI, which are published in annual reports and discussed in “State Compliance Anti-Corruption Meetings.” Despite challenges, analyses show that the OGI has increased the use of legal barriers to corruption by thirty-three percent in two years. Key lessons have been learned from this process. Use of the right tool by the right institution can convene a collaborative effort across public entities, which provides integrated feedback to local governments for immediate decision making.
Experimental megaloblastic anemia in young guinea pigs.

Megaloblastosis has been produced in young guinea pigs by feeding them purified diets deficient its pteroylglutamic acid (PGA) or vitamin B12 or both. The withholding of ascorbic acid from the diet did not produce megaloblastosis but it greatly enhanced its development when PGA was also withheld. Spontaneous remission took place in several instances. The possible role of growth of the animal and changes in the bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract has been discussed. Bacteriologic studies appeared to indicate a possible interrelationship between the occurrence of Escherichia coli in the stools of guinea pigs consuming deficient diets and the development of megaloblastosis. Diarrhea and infections are considered important in the pathogenesis of megaloblastic anemia but infections were not observed in animals of the present study. However, diarrhea was a prominent feature and appeared to be a factor associated with megaloblastosis. Anemia was usually present in association with megaloblastosis; however, megaloblastosis of a mild degree appearing in some of the animals fed the diets deficient in PGA or vitamin B12 was not accompanied by anemia. When ascorbic acid was withheld in addition, then anemia always developed. A dimorphic picture of macrocytosis and microcytosis was found most commonly in the peripheral blood of animals with megaloblastosis. This has been explained on the basis of regenerative macrocytosis or as a disturbance of the maturation of erythrocytes in such deficiencies. Data obtained from peripheral blood are not a reliable indicator of megaloblastosis, nor is the clinical condition of the animal indicative of the pathologic state. One animal which had been fed a diet deficient in vitamin B12 and PGA and which showed megaloblasts in its bone marrow was given injections of vitamin B12. The megaloblastosis was corrected but the animal died on the sixteenth day of treatment. Two animals fed diets deficient in PGA and ascorbic acid were subsequently given injections of PGA and ascorbic acid. The results demonstrated that administration of ascorbic acid alone did not interrupt the development of severe megaloblastosis in the continuing absence of PGA. When PGA was given, reticuocytosis then ensued and there was a reversal of megaloblastic erythropoiesis.
The effect of gravity on turbulent, premixed flame propagation - A preliminary cold flow study

The effect of buoyancy is removed from a turbulent Couette flow by testing it under conditions of microgravity. The velocity field of the cold flow under normal gravity forces is fully characterized. The feasibility of using acetone planar laser induced fluorescence to measure turbulent passive scalar diffusion is confirmed. It is determined that the full range of turbulence scales can be observed experimentally for Reynolds numbers of interest in subsequent combustion studies. (Author)
Temperature and Chemistry Effects in Porous-Media Electrokinetics

Electrokinetic phenomena in brine-saturated porous media, such as electroosmosis (fluid-flow induced by applied electric fields) and streaming current (the complementary process) depend on the density of ions adsorbed on the pore surface and the characteristic thickness of the diffuse space-charge layer λ. These, in turn, depend on brine chemistry, ambient temperature and possibly other parameters. We report on a series of measurements of natural rock and synthetic glass-bead samples: for one sample group, we varied the temperature over 0–50 ° C; for another, we changed the brine cation species. We find that the electrokinetic coefficients depend only weakly on temperature; this is shown to follow from the expected trends in λ, η, and σ. The chemistry dependence follows qualitatively but not quantitatively the predictions of the Debye-Hiickel approximation.
Levetiracetam Prophylaxis for Post-traumatic Brain Injury Seizures is Ineffective: A Propensity Score Analysis

Early seizures after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a reported incidence of up to 15 %. Prophylaxis for early seizures using 1 week of phenytoin is considered standard of care for seizure prevention. However, many centers have substituted the anticonvulsant levetiracetam without good data on the efficacy of this approach. Our hypothesis was that the treatment with levetiracetam is not effective in preventing early post-traumatic seizures. All trauma patients sustaining a TBI from January 2007 to December 2009 at an urban level-one trauma center were retrospectively analyzed. Seizures were identified from a prospectively gathered morbidity database and anticonvulsant use from the pharmacy database. Statistical comparisons were made by Chi square, t tests, and logistic regression modeling. Patients who received levetiracetam prophylaxis were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching with those who did not receive the drug. 5551 trauma patients suffered a TBI during the study period, with an overall seizure rate of 0.7 % (39/5551). Of the total population, 1795 were diagnosed with severe TBI (Head AIS score 3–5). Seizures were 25 times more likely in the severe TBI group than in the non-severe group [2.0 % (36/1795) vs. 0.08 % (3/3756); OR 25.6; 95 % CI 7.8–83.2; p < 0.0001]. Of the patients who had seizures after severe TBI, 25 % (9/36) received pharmacologic prophylaxis with levetiracetam, phenytoin, or fosphenytoin. In a matched cohort by propensity scores, no difference was seen in seizure rates between the levetiracetam group and no-prophylaxis group (1.9 vs. 3.4 %, p = 0.50). In this propensity score-matched cohort analysis, levetiracetam prophylaxis was ineffective in preventing seizures as the rate of seizures was similar whether patients did or did not receive the drug. The incidence of post-traumatic seizures in severe TBI patients was only 2.0 % in this study; therefore we question the benefit of routine prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy in patients with TBI.
Anatomic Localization of Neurologic Lesions

Not uncommonly, lesions which result in changes in normal neurologic function occur in discrete locations within particular regions of the central nervous system. These lesions, particularly those resulting from interruptions in blood supply, locally occurring space occupying masses or the result of trauma, will frequently simultaneously affect different functional fiber systems and neuronal cell populations located in the damaged area. This may result in clusters of neurological signs and symptoms which many times give valuable clues as to the location of such lesions.
HKP Culture and Practice

This chapter investigates HKP culture and practices.1 It focuses on how HKP officers engaged with (thought, felt, acted) their work in 2001–2002, in the midst of a radical political transition in Hong Kong and a progressive reform within the HKP. The “understanding of how police officers see the social world and their role in it — “cop culture” — is crucial to an analysis of what they do, and their broad political function.”2 Methodologically, this study adopts an inside out and bottom up (IO-BU) research approach. It is conducted by listening to the “canteen talk”3 of frontline officers in a self-administered e-chat room. The focus of this research is on HKP officers’ perception, reception, and adjustment to being observed (in 2001) and to a deterioration in the law enforcement climate of Hong Kong during 2013–2015.4
Henderson’s Party: War and Reconstruction (1914–22)

Although the Labour Party had by no means ignored questions of foreign policy before July 1914, it was only with the outbreak of war that they became of paramount importance. From then onwards until 1918 and indeed in the early post-war years, up to 1922, issues of war and diplomacy were dominant in the party’s councils.
Preclinical Toxicology of Vaccines

Abstract Immunity to targeted infectious diseases may be conferred or enhanced by vaccines, which are manufactured from recombinant forms as well as inactivated or attenuated organisms. These vaccines have to meet requirements for safety, quality, and efficacy. In addition to antigenic components, various adjuvants may be included in vaccines to evoke an effective immune response. To ensure the safety of new vaccines, preclinical toxicology studies are conducted prior to the initiation of, and concurrently with, clinical studies. There are five different types of preclinical toxicology study in the evaluation of vaccine safety: single and/or repeat dose, reproductive and developmental, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and safety pharmacology. If any adverse effects are observed in the course of these studies, they should be fully evaluated and a final safety decision made accordingly. Successful preclinical toxicology studies depend on multiple factors including using the appropriate study designs, using the right animal model, and evoking an effective immune response. Additional in vivo and in vitro assays that establish the identity, purity, safety, and potency of the vaccine play a significant role in assessing critical characteristics of vaccine safety.
Integrated Calcium Management in Cardiac Myocytes

Cardiac myocyte excitation-contraction coupling (ECC, Table 1) is an intricate process by which many proteins and substances interact to form a complex but well-tuned system. The regulation of this system is essential to modulation of contractile activity.
Adoptive T Cell Therapies for Glioblastoma

Glioblastomas (GB) are the most common primary tumors of the brain. GB is highly invasive and shows a high degree of cellular and genetic heterogeneity. Unfortunately, the biological and genetic properties of GB hinder the ability of conventional therapies to completely eradicate these tumors. To improve patient survival, researchers have devised multiple therapeutic strategies that take advantage of the inherent ability of immune cells to initiate powerful anti-tumor immune responses. Amongst the various forms of immunotherapy for brain tumors, adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT) involves the direct transfer of ex vivo activated and tumor-specific T lymphocytes to tumor patients. One advantage of ATCT is that the transfer of tumor-reactive T cells allows for rapid tumor targeting that minimizes the deployment of tumor immune evasion mechanisms. New technological breakthroughs such as the ability to genetically engineer T cells with T cell receptors and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) against shared tumor antigens have sparked new interest and enthusiasm for ATCT. Here, the different ATCT approaches that have been developed and tested for GB are discussed.
Mother-Scholars Navigate the “Third Space”

Mother-scholars in the field of education constantly confront the binaries of intellect/maternal and public/private. How they interact with these binaries becomes an important question. In this chapter, I provide concrete ways that mother-scholars navigate binaries and find strength in navigating through these blurry spaces. Three courses of action emerge: Mother-scholars are committed to contextualized moments; Mother-scholars are committed to temporal agreements; Mother-scholarship is committed to one bottom line: the preservation of the child.
Personalized Recommendation in Online Health Communities with Heterogeneous Network Mining

There is an increasing attention of Online Health Communities (OHCs) where health consumers exchange informational and emotional support from their peers. However, the information overload issue makes it difficult for e-patients to identify relevant threads for their needs. An effective thread recommendation approach is highly desirable for OHCs to improve user experience. In this work, we propose to represent OHCs data as a Heterogeneous Healthcare Information Network (HHIN). We extract node-based and path-based features, and train a binary classification model for personalized thread recommendation. We conduct an experiment using a dataset from a popular OHC, and the results show that our approach is promising in predicting users' preference in threads.
A photo-auxiliary approach – enabling excited state classical phototransformations with metal free visible light irradiation

Most traditional photoreactions require UV light to yield the desired product. To address this issue, photoreaction of hydrazide based chromophores was evaluated with visible light using a metal free photocatalyst to afford photoproducts in high yields. This hydrazide functionality itself may be removed/modified after the photoreaction, highlighting its role as a “photo-auxiliary”. A preliminary mechanistic model based on photophysical experiments is provided to highlight the generality of the strategy.
CEO-Directors and Moral License

This manuscript presents a model that seeks to explain how behavior in one domain can subsequently influence behavior in another domain. Specifically, I draw from past work on moral licensing theor...
Accountable Care in Transitions (ACTion): A Team-Based Approach to Reducing Hospital Utilization in a Patient-Centered Medical Home:

Background:There is limited data describing the role of the patient-centered medical home (PCMH) in successful transitions programs and more information is needed to determine the transition points...
From microelectronics to making: Incorporating microelectronics in a first-year engineering course

This paper describes a half-semester module in an Introduction to Engineering course that uses microelectronics technology to introduce students to basic ECE concepts and engineering design. The module uses CMOS integrated circuit technology as a vehicle for introducing basic concepts including voltage, current, and logic levels while also providing students with perspective on how integrated circuits are designed and manufactured. It then introduces microelectronics-based technologies including computer processors, microcontrollers, and microcontroller-based “maker” tools including laser cutters and 3D printers. Concepts are reinforced through a series of hands-on lab exercises that include CMOS layout design, simple microcontroller programming with basic I/O devices including switches, LEDs, and solenoids, and physical prototyping. The module culminates with a team design project in which students build a small Arduino-based circuit along with its physical enclosure and mechanical linkages.
The influence of functional health on seniors’ driving risk

Abstract Driving safety is important for the growing population of seniors, as driving remains their primary mode of travel in the U.S., and declines in functional health are often associated with driving cessation. As some seniors may have limited or inaccurate insight into their own driving capabilities, a set of objectively measured functional health assessments is needed that could help them and other stakeholders to determine fitness-to-drive. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between senior drivers’ functional health and crash risk. This analysis used data from 723 senior drivers enrolled in the Second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS). Participants’ functional health capabilities were measured using 58 metrics encompassing cognitive, perceptual, physical, psychomotor, and psychological abilities as well as driving knowledge. The mileage driven and crashes were identified from objective NDS data. Twenty-two of the metrics were statistically significantly associated with crash risk. Deteriorated functional health was uniformally associated with increased crash rate. These findings provide key information to support the development of a battery of functional assessments for senior drivers who may need to have fitness-to-drive screening.
Spectrum of symptoms in women diagnosed with endometriosis during adolescence vs adulthood.

Background Endometriosis symptoms often start at a young age, and the time between symptom onset and endometriosis diagnosis can be several years. It is not clear whether the symptoms that are experienced by adolescents differ from adults. Better understanding may shorten the often lengthy delay in diagnosis. Objective The purpose of the study was to further elucidate the symptom presentation of adolescents as compared with adults to determine whether differences existed, based on age at surgical diagnosis that could impact time to diagnosis. Study Design This investigation was a cross-sectional study at enrollment within a longitudinal cohort of adolescents and women with endometriosis. The population-based cohort was recruited from 2 tertiary care centers and the surrounding communities. Participants included adolescents (diagnosed at ≤18 years old; n=295) and adults (diagnosed at >18 years old; n=107) with surgically confirmed endometriosis who were enrolled into The Women’s Health Study: From Adolescence to Adulthood. Participants completed an expanded version of the World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project standard clinical questionnaire that included items regarding menstrual history, associated symptoms, and pain. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests were applied to categoric data; Wilcoxon rank sum tests were applied to continuous data. Results Most participants (90%) experienced moderate-severe menstrual pain. On average, 3 doctors were seen before diagnosis, regardless of age at presentation (range, 0-25 years). Time from symptoms to diagnosis averaged 2 years for adolescents and 5 years for adults (P Conclusions Pelvic pain was severe and noncyclic and negatively impacted quality of life. At our tertiary care centers, symptoms of endometriosis did not differ between women surgically diagnosed during adolescence compared with those diagnosed as adults. Adolescents had more nausea and symptom onset at menarche. Multi-year delays in diagnosis were common. Clinicians should be aware of these alternate symptom patterns and include endometriosis in their differential diagnosis for both adolescent and young adult women who experience noncyclic pelvic pain and nausea.
The Internet and the Treasure House of Information

Another context of the reform movement was the new communication tools. The Internet was introduced into the Iranian public sphere in 1998. After only five years, almost every governmental and private institution, medium, political party and non-governmental organization had its own website. The government has filtered more than six million websites but this has not stopped a large number of political activists from establishing their own websites and publishing statements, essays and journal entries almost every day. Although some of these websites have only propaganda and commercials, the sponsors and gatekeepers have begun to gather, compose and disclose their information to publish descriptive or analytical essays and stories to generate more visitors. They have also made access to some parts of their archives possible.
Syllabic structure and the acquisition of consonants: The great conspiracy in word formation

The syllabic structure and phonemic inventory of one child were analyzed at the beginning of word production and compared with similar records reported in the literature. The data appear to favor an interactionist view of lexical development which recognizes the contribution of particular syllabic forms to the acquisition of consonantal phonemes and the role these phonemes play in expanded syllabic form. The discussion argues for the primacy of CV as the dominant unit of production and identifies a number of constraints on syllabic forms and a set of conspiratorial rules which assure the production of these forms. Further, it is argued that certain strategies operating within the constraints to particular syllabic forms result in the ordered development of syllabic structures.
Owens Valley — A Major Rift between the Sierra Nevada Batholith and Basin and Range Province, U.S.A.

Owens Valley is a graben in eastern California that extends approximately 250 km northward from the Garlock fault to Mono Lake, The rift zone is 10 km wide with a vertical displacement of more than 5 km. The graben contains from 1.5 to 2.5 km of sediments, but the mountain fronts rise 2.75 km above the valley floor to an elevation above 4,000 m. This rift valley is thought to have formed within the last 3 million years. Seismicity and faulting are still active: the last major fault occurred in 1872 and showed a maximum displacement of 5.5 m.
Applications of Plasmonic Nanomaterials for Phototriggered Theranostics

Abstract The use of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) in biomedical applications has opened up new possibilities for cancer research as drug delivery and imaging platforms. Gold NPs have size- and shape-dependent optical properties which allow for optical excitation to enable phototriggered control of therapies. Since the discovery of this phenomenon, the field of nanomedicine has seen great growth in the use of therapies that exploit photoexcitation. The mechanism behind the physical phenomenon of triggered release and photothermal heating is now understood. Challenges associated with the nano-bio interface have previously created significant barriers for the utility of phototriggered release, but many fundamental studies have enabled manipulation and optimization of interface effects, facilitating the therapeutic utility of plasmonic nanomaterials. There are many innovative ways in which phototriggered release has been used in nanomedicine, and some examples will be discussed.