cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A New Perspective on Finding the Viewpoint

We take a fresh perspective on an old idea and create an alternate way to answer the question: where should we stand in front of an image in two-point perspective to view it correctly? We review kn...
FRI0077 Gut commensals modulate inflammation via t regulatory cells

Background Role of environmental factors in predisposition to develop rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have gained interest due, in part, to the studies showing an association of gut microbiota with immune homeostasis. Although the etiology of RA is unknown, recent studies on the role of gut microbiota in inflammatory adaptive immune response have led to the concept that interaction between the host microbiome and genetic factors influences autoimmunity. We have recently shown an association of Collinsella aerofaciens with RA Objectives In this study, we aimed to determine how human gut commensals modulate arthritis phenotype in humanized mice expressing RA-susceptible HLA-DQ8. Methods DQ8 mice following immunization with type II collagen develop arthritis and antigen-specific cellular and humoral response. DQ8 mice orally gavaged with RA-associated Collinsella aerofaciens and non-associated Prevotella histicola on alternate days for one week and were induced for arthritis. Gavage with microbes continued for 4 weeks. Mice were monitored for onset and progression of arthritis. Th17 regulatory network and cells involved in regulation were analyzed. DQ8 mice were gavaged with fecal homogenates supernatants from arthritis-resistant mice, induced for arthritis and monitored for disease. Results Mice gavaged with C. aerofaciens enhanced disease severity while P. histicola protected mice from arthritis. While treatment with P. histicola reduced intestinal permeability by increasing expression of tight junction proteins, C. aerofaciens had a complete opposite effect. Suppression of arthritis by P histicola was dependent on an increase in the numbers of CD103+ dendritic cells, myeloid suppressors, CD11b+Gr-1, and T regulatory cells, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+, in the gut as well as systemically. This led to reduction in TH17 response while increasing IL-10. On the other hand, C. aerofaciens gavage increased expression of IL-17 and regulatory chemokines as compared to controls. DQ8 mice gavaged with intestinal microbes of arthritis-resistant mice developed arthritis with lower incidence and had skewed Th17/Th2 response. Conclusions Our studies suggest that gut commensals influence immune response in and away from the gut. Commensals and their products may provide novel targets for therapeutic strategies in arthritis. Acknowledgements Funds were provided by the Department of Defense and Mayo Center of Individualized Medicine Disclosure of Interest None declared
Clase, capitalismo, y contingencia nacional en la obra de René Zavaleta

Rene Zavaleta investigated the relationship between class struggle and the nation form throughout his life, seeking to link it to the question of the collective political subject. This essay traces his shifting way of relating these concepts from his revolutionary nationalist phase through his mature reflections in Lo nacional-popular en Bolivia. I argue that through a political and epistemological transformation, Zavaleta came to think class and nation in their connection to the tendencies of composition and decomposition within capitalismo, thus developing a view of the nation as historically contingent which might be used to analyze neoliberalism today.
A Novel Coupling Algorithm for Perfectly Matched Layer With Wave Equation-Based Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method

The second-order wave equation-based discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) methods typically employ the first-order absorbing boundary condition for modeling open problems. To improve the modeling accuracy, this paper proposes a novel coupling algorithm of the well-posed perfectly matched layer (PML) for wave equation-based DGTD methods. Based on the domain decomposition technique, the proposed coupling algorithm divides the computational domain into two regions, that is, the physical and PML regions, whose meshes can be nonconformal with each other. Instead of introducing time convolution terms, the new coupling scheme is implemented through employing different DGTD frameworks for the two regions. Specifically, the physical region employs the wave equation-based DGTD framework, while the PML region employs the first-order Maxwell’s curl equations-based DGTD framework. To facilitate modeling of electrically small problems, the implicit Newmark-beta time integration is used for the physical region. To conveniently couple with the physical region, the implicit Crank–Nicolson algorithm is used for the PML region. Numerical results are shown to examine the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed coupling algorithm for modeling electrically small problems.
Sentinel-1 TOPS data focusing based on a modified two-step processing approach

We present a simple solution for the phase-preserving focusing of Terrain Observation with Progressive Scan (TOPS) Sentinel-1 data. The proposed algorithm focuses each raw data burst independently. In particular, after a conventional range data compression, it is based on a modification of the two-step processing approach formerly developed to focus spotlight and hybrid stripmap/spotlight SAR data. The presented results relevant to a real Sentinel-1 data acquired over central Italy confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Aging and the Visual Perception of Motion Direction: Solving the Aperture Problem.

An experiment required younger and older adults to estimate coherent visual motion direction from multiple motion signals, where each motion signal was locally ambiguous with respect to the true di...
Association Between Number of Preventive Care Guidelines and Preventive Care Utilization by Patients.

Introduction The number of preventive care guidelines is rapidly increasing. It is unknown whether the number of guideline-recommended preventive services is associated with utilization. Methods The authors used Poisson regression of 390,778 person-years of electronic medical records data from 2008 to 2015, in 80,773 individuals aged 50–75 years. Analyses considered eligibility for 11 preventive services most closely associated with guidelines: tobacco cessation; control of obesity, hypertension, lipids, or blood glucose; influenza vaccination; and screening for breast, cervical, or colorectal cancers, abdominal aortic aneurysm, or osteoporosis. The outcome was the rate of preventive care utilization over the following year. Results were adjusted for demographics and stratified by the number of disease risk factors (smoking, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes). Data were collected in 2016 and analyzed in 2017. Results Preventive care utilization was lower when the number of guideline-recommended preventive services was higher. The adjusted rate of preventive care utilization decreased from 38.67 per 100 (95% CI=38.16, 39.18) in patients eligible for one guideline-recommended service to 31.59 per 100 (95% CI=31.29, 31.89) in patients eligible for two services and 25.43 per 100 (95% CI=24.68, 26.18) in patients eligible for six or more services (p-trend Conclusions The rate of preventive care utilization was lower when the number of guideline-recommended services was higher. Prioritizing recommendations might improve utilization of high-value services.
Radio frequency interference estimation using transfer function based dipole moment model

Dipole moment model is widely used to represent real noise source to estimate near field coupling between noise source and the victim antenna. However, direct full wave simulation of large number of dipole moment is often very time-consuming. Also, another set of full wave simulation is needed if parameters change. A more scalable approach is needed. In this paper, a transfer function based dipole moment model is proposed to solve this issue. The proposed method only needs one-time full wave simulation. The results obtained from this one-time simulation can be reused for other cases if the same antenna structure is used. The proposed method will use the simulation results to construct transfer functions. The method is implemented in CST where several high performance computing methods are available. The validation of a test board with both simulation and measurement data is also provided.
Combined Edman-Chemical and Laser-Desorption Mass Spectrometric Approaches to Micro Peptide Sequencing: Optimization and Applications

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the optimization and application of combined Edman-chemical and laser-desorption mass spectrometric approaches to micro peptide sequencing. Transactions among membrane-bound compartments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells are generally executed by transport vesicles that bud from one membrane and fuse selectively with another. Peptide fractions T11 and T12 yielded two and three peak m / z values, respectively, when analyzed by MALDI-MS, and the results indicated overlapping peptide species to be present in both fractions, likely because of cross-contamination after high-performance liquid chromatography. Unfortunately, although the sequencer-instrument was judged to be in perfect working condition, only a snippet of sequence was obtained for T12 and T11 failed to give any sequence at all. One of the three m/z values for T12 was in excellent agreement with the value for the predicted tryptic peptide containing the limited sequence, so confirming the identity of the entire peptide.
Search for Nonthermal X-Rays from Supernova Remnant Shells

The suggestion that the shocks of supernova remnants (SNR’s) are cosmic ray acceleration sites dates back more than 40 years. While observations of nonthermal radio emission from SNR shells indicate the ubiquity of GeV cosmic ray production, there is still theoretical debate about whether SNR shocks accelerate particles up to the well-known “knee” in the primary cosmic ray spectrum at ∼3,000 TeV. Recent X-ray observations of SN1006 and other SNR’s may have provided the missing observational link between SNR shocks and high energy cosmic ray acceleration. We discuss these observations and their interpretation, and summarize our ongoing efforts to find evidence from X-ray observations of cosmic ray acceleration in the shells of other SNR’s.
Theory of Ionic Electroactive Polymers Capable of Contraction and Expansion–Contraction Cycles

Electroactive polymers (EAPs) that bend, swell, ripple (first generation materials), and now contract with low electric input (new development) have been produced. Ras Labs also produces EAP materials that quickly contract and then expand, repeatedly, by reversing the polarity of the electric input. Using applied voltage step functions produces varying amounts of contraction, which has enormous potential. A combination of high and low voltages could produce gross and fine motor skills, respectively, with both large motor control and fine motor control (fine manipulation) within the same actuator unit. The mechanism of contraction is not well understood. Radionuclide-labeled experiments were conducted to follow the movement of electrolytes and water in these EAPs. In addition, other experiments were conducted to determine how and why contraction occurs. One of the biggest challenges in developing these actuators, however, is the electrode-EAP interface because of the pronounced movement of the EAP. Plasma treatment of the electrodes, along with other strategies, allows for the embedded electrodes and the EAP material of the actuator to work and move as a unit, with no detachment, by significantly improving the metal–polymer interface, analogous to nerves and tendons moving with muscles during movement.
Coach Firings Influence Student Athletes

This article discusses the struggles student athletes deal with when they commit to a university and, afterwards, the coach that had recruited them and who they anticipated playing for is fired. Student athletes used to be allowed opt out of their commitment to a team if a coach was fired, but that practice has changed with the idea that student athletes are committing to schools and not coaches.
Best Match: New relevance search for PubMed.

PubMed is a free search engine for biomedical literature accessed by millions of users from around the world each day. With the rapid growth of biomedical literature—about two articles are added every minute on average—finding and retrieving the most relevant papers for a given query is increasingly challenging. We present Best Match, a new relevance search algorithm for PubMed that leverages the intelligence of our users and cutting-edge machine-learning technology as an alternative to the traditional date sort order. The Best Match algorithm is trained with past user searches with dozens of relevance-ranking signals (factors), the most important being the past usage of an article, publication date, relevance score, and type of article. This new algorithm demonstrates state-of-the-art retrieval performance in benchmarking experiments as well as an improved user experience in real-world testing (over 20% increase in user click-through rate). Since its deployment in June 2017, we have observed a significant increase (60%) in PubMed searches with relevance sort order: it now assists millions of PubMed searches each week. In this work, we hope to increase the awareness and transparency of this new relevance sort option for PubMed users, enabling them to retrieve information more effectively.
Cluster-based Data Reduction for Persistent Homology

Persistent homology is used for computing topological features of a space at different spatial resolutions. It is one of the main tools from computational topology that is applied to the problems of data analysis. Despite several attempts to reduce its complexity, persistent homology remains expensive in both time and space. These limits are such that the largest data sets to which the method can be applied have the number of points of the order of thousands in ℝ3. This paper explores a technique intended to reduce the number of data points while preserving the salient topological features of the data. The proposed technique enables the computation of persistent homology on a reduced version of the original input data without affecting significant components of the output. Since the run time of persistent homology is exponential in the number of data points, the proposed data reduction method facilitates the computation in a fraction of the time required for the original data. Moreover, the data reduction method can be combined with any existing technique that simplifies the computation of persistent homology. The data reduction is performed by creating small groups of similar data points, called nano-clusters, and then replacing the points within each nano-cluster with its cluster center. The persistence homology of the reduced data differs from that of the original data by an amount bounded by the radius of the nano-clusters. The theoretical analysis is backed by experimental results showing that persistent homology is preserved by the proposed data reduction technique.
Abstract WP300: Characteristics and Prognosis of Transfer Patients to a Comprehensive Stroke Center in the Stroke Belt

Background: The stroke belt has a higher stroke mortality rate compared to other regions of the United States with Alabama recording about 3,000 deaths yearly. The University of Alabama at Birmingh...
High-throughput simulations for insight into grain boundary structure-property relationships and other complex microstructural phenomena

Abstract High-throughput simulations can be a powerful tool in the discovery of new materials and behaviors. As part of a special issue on Rising Stars in Computational Materials Science, this article uses the work of the author to show how high-throughput simulations have had an impact in grain boundary structure-property relationships and other complex microstructural phenomena. The work demonstrates how new tools designed to analyze large datasets produced by high-throughput simulations are enabling comprehensive grain boundary structure-property relationships to be obtained. High-throughput simulations are also used to demonstrate the impact descriptive and inferential statistics has had in extracting key aspects of deformation in metallic glasses. Finally, several different examples are used to show a balanced approach between simulations designed to survey and simulations designed for detailed analysis. Together, the two approaches provide a comprehensive picture of the variety of behaviors that exist, while ensuring that the physics underlying the behaviors are thoroughly understood.
Spin Photovoltaic Effect on Molecule Coupled Ferromagnetic Films of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction

Economical solar energy harvesting can be boosted by the discovery of fundamentally new photovoltaic mechanism, and a suitable system to realize it with commonly available materials. One promising route is to focus on spin property of the electron, not charge, and develop spin photovoltaic effect with widely available ferromagnetic metals like iron and nickel. This paper reports the observation of photovoltaic effect on the molecular spintronics device composed of a magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) testbed and organometallic molecular clusters (OMCs). Our MSDs were produced by bridging the OMC channels between the ferromagnetic films of a prefabricated MTJ testbed with exposed side edges. The MTJ testbed exhibited OMC induced strong increase in exchange coupling and photovoltaic effect. Control experiments on isolated ferromagnetic films, same as utilized in the MTJ testbed, suggested that OMCs neither affected the magnetic properties nor produced any photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic effect was only observed on the pair of ferromagnetic films serving as magnetic electrodes in a MTJ. Our recent Monte Carlo simulations and multiple magnetic characterizations provide evidence that molecules induced strong coupling between two ferromagnetic films can dramatically alter the overall magnetic properties of a MTJ; presumably making an ordinary MTJ suitable for spin based photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect on our molecular spintronics devices (MTJ+OMCs) was sensitive towards the external magnetic field and temperature. Present paper motivates further studies to understand the spin photovoltaic effect in molecular spintronics devices.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Captain at the Helm: How CEO Narcissism Steers Firm Entrepreneurial Orientation

Executives must navigate through the treacherous waters of today’s fast-paced competitive environments, where their firms’ profitability, growth and survival are constantly threatened. To combat th...
Defining and Assessing Students’ Computational Thinking in a Learning by Modeling Environment

Learning sciences researchers have hypothesized the connections between STEM learning and computational thinking (CT), and this has been supported by studies that have demonstrated the reciprocal relationships between CT and STEM subjects. However, not much work has been done to establish the fundamental set of CT knowledge and practices that need to be taught to enhance STEM and CT learning in K-12 curricula. Therefore, many important aspects of CT are underrepresented in K-12 classrooms. We believe that CT concepts and practices are not only important for computing education but also play an important role in helping students develop modeling and problem-solving skills in STEM domains. In this chapter, we build on our existing framework (Sengupta et al in Educ Inf Technol 25(1):127–147, 2013) to promote students’ synergistic learning of science content and CT practices in middle school classrooms. We discuss the primary STEM and CT concepts and practices that we have introduced through our curricular units into science classrooms and discuss how students can learn these practices in CTSiM, a computer-based learning environment developed in our lab (Basu et al in User Model User-Adapt 27, 2017). We present results from studies in middle school classrooms with CTSiM and show that students have strong learning gains in Science and CT concepts. Our assessments also help characterize and understand students’ learning behaviors and their link to learning and practicing STEM and CT concepts.
All bets are off

Borderlands 3's lavish animated treasure chests blur the boundaries between gaming and gambling. As demands for regulation of loot boxes increase, Jacob Aron asks where we should draw the line. Plus, Frostpunk's super-seasonal chills.
Unusual intravascular complication of right internal jugular vein catheter piercing the SVC into the pericardium: Case report

Abstract Iatrogenic superior vena cava pericardial fistula caused by central venous catheterization is rare but can lead to life-threatening condition. Despite the potential risk of pericardial effusion causing pericardial tamponade, a conservative watch and wait management strategy can be safely adopted if such procedural complication is encountered. Herein, we present a case of an incidental finding of a central venous catheter perforating the wall of the superior vena cava into the pericardium, which probably occurred during injection of intravenous contrast agent on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram study.
Women’s college admissions and retention policies pertaining to transgender students: a comprehensive analysis

The growing visibility of transgender youth has led to increased attention on access to traditionally single-sex spaces—including those in higher education. One area that has sparked controversy is...
Haunted Dreams: The Legacy of the Holocaust in And Europe Will Be Stunned

Between 2007 and 2011, the Israeli artist Yael Bartana, living in Poland, made a 3-part series of video installations titled, And Europe Will Be Stunned. The series chronicles a fictional Polish political movement called the Jewish Renaissance Movement in Poland (JRMiP), the arrival of a group of Israeli Jewish pioneers who build a kibbutz in central Warsaw, and the assassination and funeral of the JRMiP’s leader. This chapter demonstrates that Bartana’s work does not simply seek to create a backward-looking utopia, but rather, mobilizes Holocaust memory through image and association, to reflect on Zionism and post-Holocaust Israeli history. Combining images of Zionist pioneers and tropes of Zionist filmography with reminders of the legacy of the Holocaust, Bartana interrogates the instrumentalization of the Holocaust in Israeli history and culture and exposes the discontinuity between Jewish victimization in Europe and Jewish domination in Israel.
A rapid injection flowback test (RIFT) to estimate in-situ stress and pore pressure

Abstract Extended leak-off test (XLOT) and pump-in and flow-back test (PIFB) are commonly used during drilling operations to estimate minimum stress. These estimates are adversely affected by hoop stress and drilling mud. Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests (DFIT) can estimate both in-situ stress and pore pressure, but it takes days or weeks to conduct the test in low permeability formations. In this study, we present a novel rapid injection flow-back test (RIFT) to estimate in-situ stress and pore pressure. Our new approach not only provides an unambiguous way to estimate in-situ stress (even in naturally fractured formations where DFIT fails to do so), but also allows us to estimate pore pressure with data from a test that lasts only a few hours, in addition, the effective fracture volume can also be estimated. Both simulations and field cases are presented to demonstrate the advantages of RIFT, along with a discussion of cautions and the potential pitfalls when designing and executing RIFT.
Reducing Length of Stay for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Quality Improvement Initiative Implementing a Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Care Bundle

Background: An increasing number of the most vulnerable victims of the opioid epidemic are infants afflicted with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), a multi-systemic constellation of symptoms that may be precipitated by illicit or prescribed maternal use of opiates during gestation. Caring for these infants requires monitoring for, and treatment of, withdrawal symptoms that impede the infant’s ability to thrive, and can lead to protracted and resource-intensive hospital stays. This may be due to over-dependence on pharmacologic therapy, underutilization of non-pharmacologic techniques, and reliance on the Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring System (FNASS), a …
Abstract 1719: Drug-loaded porphyrin nanoparticles as a platform for targeted and photodynamic combination therapy

Many traditional nanoparticle delivery mechanisms require the use of an inert vehicle to deliver single therapeutic payloads. Here, we describe a novel, dual-therapeutic, self-assembled nanoparticle class wherein both the payload and encapsulating vehicle may potentiate anti-neoplastic effects. The nanoparticles consist of photoactive porphyrin dyes encapsulating small molecule drugs. We screened 9 porphyrins with 27 small molecules for the formation of porphyrin-drug nanoparticles; a total of 243 nanoparticle candidates, of which 25 formed nanoparticles as dictated by pre-determined cutoffs for size, polydispersity, and porphyrin/drug concentrations. Logistic regression based on formation data and molecular descriptors suggested that the presence of electronegative groups positively influenced nanoparticle formation. Chemical inhibition of various uptake pathways in endothelial cells indicated that the uptake of these porphyrin-drug nanoparticles is largely mediated by clathrin and macropinocytosis. Stability testing demonstrated that porphyrin-drug nanoparticles remained stable at 37°C for at least 6 hrs. This work outlines the synthesis and characterization of a new class of porphyrin nanoparticles with the capacity to deliver targeted therapy. Furthermore, the simplicity of the self-assembly process highlights the potential for this novel nanoparticle paradigm to be easily tested in disease models. Citation Format: Justin M. Cheung, Hanan Baker, Daniel Li, Daniel Stor, Daniel A. Heller. Drug-loaded porphyrin nanoparticles as a platform for targeted and photodynamic combination therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1719.
WireLost: Ad-Hoc Wireless Tracking System

With the ubiquity of smart devices, people need a system to interact with and track those devices and objects. Homes, parking lots, retirement facilities, and augmented reality applications have various benefits from utilization of a wireless tracking system. In this paper, we propose a Wi-Fi based tracking system, WireLost, which provides an easy and simple triangulation solution with off-the-shelf and low-cost hardware. WireLost provides a webpage showing a map of all devices.
Enantioselective Formation of Quaternary Centers by Allylic Alkylation with First-Row Transition-Metal Catalysts

Asymmetric allylic alkylation mediated by transition metals provides an efficient strategy to form quaternary stereogenic centers. While this transformation is dominated by the use of second- and third-row transition metals (e.g., Pd, Rh, and Ir), recent developments have revealed the potential of first-row transition metals, which provide not only a less expensive and potentially equally efficient alternative but also new mechanistic possibilities. This review summarizes examples for the assembly of quaternary stereocenters using prochiral allylic substrates and hard, achiral nucleophiles in the presence of copper complexes and highlights the complementary approaches with soft, prochiral nucleophiles catalyzed by chiral cobalt and nickel complexes.
Photoacoustic Computed Tomography of Breast Cancer in Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has contributed to improving breast cancer outcomes, and it would ideally reduce the need for definitive breast surgery in patients who have no residual cancer after NAC treatment. However, there is no reliable noninvasive imaging modality accepted as the routine method to assess response to NAC. Because of the inability to detect complete response, post-NAC surgery remains the standard of care. To overcome this limitation, a single-breath-hold photoacoustic computed tomography (SBH-PACT) system is developed to provide contrast similar to that of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, but with much higher spatial and temporal resolution and without injection of contrast chemicals. SBH-PACT images breast cancer patients at three time points: before, during, and after NAC. The analysis of tumor size, blood vascular density, and irregularity in the distribution and morphology of the blood vessels on SBH-PACT accurately identifies response to NAC as confirmed by the histopathological diagnosis. SBH-PACT shows its near-term potential as a diagnostic tool for assessing breast cancer response to systemic treatment by noninvasively measuring the changes in cancer-associated angiogenesis. Further development of SBH-PACT may also enable serial imaging, rather than the use of current invasive biopsies, to diagnose and follow indeterminate breast lesions.
Identity in Sonia Sanchez's Poem "right on: white america" :A Stylistic Study

اللغة هي وسيلة مهمة للفرد لبناء عالمه الاجتماعي. وبذلك يتشكل الطريق الذي نرى به انفسنا والعالم وبصورة رئيسية بواسطة استخدامنا للغة . ان استخدام اللغة يبني الهويات والعلاقات والقيم ويحافظ عليها. معظم محللي الخطاب ينظرون في السرد ليس فقط كمكان لبناء وسن الهوية، ولكن أيضا نوع مميز لتحليلها. تعنى الدراسة الحالية بكيفية تعريف الهوية في الشعر، ومن ثم استكشاف الطريقة التي يستخدم بها الشعراء السود اللغة عند التعبير عن هويتهم وثقافتهم. اختارت الباحثة القصيدة، الحق في: أمريكا البيضاء للشاعرة الأمريكية السوداء سونيا سانشيز, لتحليلها على أساس نموذج سيمبسون في الأسلوبية (2004). تحليل المستويات اللغوية في هذا النموذج يشكل وينظم التحليل الأسلوبي ويوضع الخطاب فوق المستويات المركزية للغة. يهدف تحليل الاسلوب والخطاب إلى توضيح كيف ولماذا يعني النص ما يعنيه لغويا. خلصت الدراسة إلى أن الشعر هو منشئ فعال ومفهرس للهوية. التحليل الأسلوبي يلقي الضوء على الانحرافات اللغوية، وخاصة على المستوى (الجرافيجي ) المستخدم من قبل الشاعرة سونيا سانشيز. هذا المستوى يعبرعن مقاومة الشاعرة والغضب ضد البيض. الى جانب ذلك، فإن استخدام سونيا سانشيز اللغة الإنكليزية السوداء يعكس انتمائها إلى السود المضطهدين.
25487 Timing and strength of hand grasp that are affected by abnormal coupling between arm muscles following stroke: A pilot study

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Impaired neuromuscular control could lead to the failure in activation and deactivation of the target muscles in a timely manner, with the concurrence of activities of non-targeted muscles. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Stroke leads to impaired capacity to manipulate objects with the hand in terms of timing and strength of grasp. The influence of abnormal coupling across more proximal arm muscles post stroke on the failure in normal functioning of finger flexor muscle activity is of interest to investigate. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We have recruited 12 participants with stroke hemiparesis in the sub-acute or chronic stage. Motor impairment of the arm was assessed using electromyography (EMG) and the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMUE) assessment. Participants were requested to flex and relax the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints against motorized resistance in response to audible tones to determine timing and strength during flexion. They were asked to flex maximally, as quickly as possible, in response to the first of a pair of tones, and relax as quickly as possible after the second tone. Delays in initiation and termination were evaluated using EMG responses versus a predefined threshold. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We anticipate greater delays in grasp initiation as well as in grasp termination in participants with a greater extent of abnormal coupling across more proximal muscles of the upper extremity in comparison to participants with a less extent, using the results of the FMUE assessment. Also it is expected that participants with a greater extent of the flexion synergy produce a less extent of force generation. The EMG results will show that activities of more proximal arm muscles precede the initiation of MCP flexion and their activity termination precedes that of MCP flexion, significantly more in participants with a greater extent of the flexion synergy. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: The flexion synergy over the arm following stroke affects the timing and strength of hand grasp. Impaired neuromuscular control could lead to the failure in activation and deactivation of the target muscles in a timely manner, with the concurrence of activities of non-targeted muscles.
Demographic and Radiographic Predictors of Patient Reported Outcomes and Revision Surgery after Stemless Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Stemless total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is aimed at better re-creating native anatomy, facilitating revision, and preserving bone. The purpose of this study is to determine which pre-operative patient characteristics or radiographic parameters were predictive of outcomes following stemless TSA. Methods This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. One hundred fifty-seven patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis were prospectively enrolled as part of a multi-center FDA Investigational Device Exemption protocol in July 2011-November 2012. In the present study, one hundred forty-nine patients with minimum 2-year follow-up had imaging available for review and were included (107 men, 42 women). Mean age 65 years (range,37-84). Pre-operative patient demographics, baseline ASES and Constant scores, deltoid tuberosity index (DTI), combined cortical thickness, and postoperative glenoid version were analyzed to predict treatment success. Treatment success was defined by no revision procedures and an adjusted Constant score of >85% at final follow-up. Statistical analyses were performed using student T-test, multiple logistic regression, and Pearson correlation with a p-value of 0.05 defining significance. Intraclass correlation and kappa values were calculated to determine interrater reliability for radiographic measurements. Results Three patients (2.0%) underwent revision or explant due to infection, unstable implant, or glenoid loosening. Eleven (7.4%) had an adjusted Constant score Conclusion Patients younger than 60 years old had a 1.3x risk of suboptimal treatment outcome following stemless TSA, similar to what is seen with stemmed implants. Low radiographic bone density was not predictive of suboptimal constant score or reoperation at final follow-up. Older patients had decreased combined cortical thickness and deltoid tuberosity index, yet were more likely to have a successful outcome following stemless TSA compared to younger patients. Level of evidence Level III; Retrospective Cohort
Supportive care services (SCS) during curative-intent treatment with chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC).

e18041Background: SCS assist in managing symptoms and outcomes for patients in palliative care settings. But impact of services in curative intent settings is not well defined. Here we evaluate thi...
Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure in Managing Persistent Low-Grade Abnormality or Human Papillomavirus Positivity.

Objectives The aims of the study were to estimate the rate and to identify predictors of high-grade abnormalities among women with persistent low-grade abnormalities or high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positivity for at least 2 years stratified by presence (high risk) or absence (low risk) of previous high-grade results or HPV 16/18. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for persistent low-grade or hrHPV positivity was performed. Patients were stratified based on whether they had a history of high-grade and/or HPV 16/18 positivity. Rates of high-grade or worse abnormalities on LEEP were compared using Fisher exact tests. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between patient characteristics and high-grade results on the LEEP. Results Three hundred eleven LEEPs were performed for persistent low-grade or hrHPV positivity. The rates of occult high grade were 12% and 22% among the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. Compared with those 45 years and older, the adjusted odds of high grade was 3.79 (95% CI = 1.19-12.1) for women aged 25-29 years. The odds of high grade was higher among current versus never smokers (6.40; 95% CI = 2.01-20.4) and those with a history of high-grade abnormality (2.23; 95% CI = 1.12-4.43). At 2 years, approximately half had an abnormal cytology and/or hrHPV positivity result independent of whether high grade was identified on their LEEP specimen. Conclusions Patients with persistent low-grade abnormalities or persistent hrHPV should be counseled on the risks and benefits of a LEEP given that 12%-22% have a risk of occult high grade, especially if they have a history of high-grade dysplasia.
Potential inequality

We prove a general inequality for kernels satisfying the maximum principle. This is then used to derive a sufficient condition for the kernel to define a continuous map of Lebesgue spaces. Exactly this condition happens to be necessary and sufficient for the validity of Hardy’s inequality with weights in one dimension. Some applications indicating the unifying nature of the potential inequality are given.
Serotonin signals through postsynaptic Gαq, Trio RhoGEF, and DAG to promote C. elegans egg-laying circuit activity and behavior

Activated Gαq signals through Phospholipase-Cβ (PLCβ) and Trio, a Rho GTPase exchange factor (RhoGEF), but how these two effector pathways promote cellular responses to neurotransmitters like serotonin remains poorly understood. We used the egg-laying behavior circuit of C. elegans to determine whether PLCβ and Trio mediate serotonin and Gαq signaling through independent or related biochemical pathways. Using genetic rescue experiments, we find that PLCβ functions in neurons while Trio functions in both neurons and the postsynaptic vulval muscles. While Gαq, PLCβ, and Trio RhoGEF mutants all fail to lay eggs in response to serotonin, optogenetic stimulation of the serotonin releasing HSN command neurons restores egg laying only in PLCβ mutants. PLCβ mutants showed vulval muscle Ca2+ transients while strong Gαq and Trio RhoGEF mutants had little or no vulval muscle Ca2+ activity. Treatment with Phorbol esters that mimic Diacylglycerol (DAG), a product of PIP2 hydrolysis, rescued egg-laying circuit activity and behavior defects of Gαq signaling mutants, suggesting both Phospholipase C and Rho signaling promote synaptic transmission and egg-laying via DAG production. DAG activates effectors including UNC-13, however, we find that phorbol esters, but not serotonin, stimulate egg laying in unc-13 and PLCβ mutants. These results support a model where serotonin signaling through Gαq and PLCβ and UNC-13 promote neurotransmitter release, and that serotonin also signals through Gαq, Trio RhoGEF, and an unidentified PMA-responsive effector to promote postsynaptic muscle excitability. Thus, the same neuromodulator serotonin can signal in distinct cells and effector pathways to activate a motor behavior circuit.
Recurrent Boundary Theory

Boundary theory for recurrent chains proceeds along altogether different lines from the approach in Chapter 10. A clue to the difficulty is that every non-negative superregular function is constant, and hence the representation of such functions degenerates. Moreover, since a recurrent chain is in every state infinitely often with probability one, an almost-everywhere convergence theorem is out of the question.
Sizing of Departure Lounges in Airport Buildings

The introduction of large airplanes capable of carrying several hundreds of passengers will create new space requirements at airports. Space for departure lounges and into airplanes, boarding times, needed lounge capacities, and numbers of airplane entry doors are the subject of this paper. Two analytical models derived from data at the San Francisco International Airport are developed and applied to various sizes of airplanes. One model describes the flow to the departure lounge; the other describes the flow from the lounge into the airplane. Based on these models, the relationships between loading time and space required for departure lounges and the number of entry doors needed into various sizes of airplanes are determined. The methodology developed in this study is applicable to other airports.
Incorporation of 35SO4 into endogenous heparin by a microsomal fraction from mast cell tumors.

Abstract A mouse mast cell tumor microsomal preparation which catalyzes the incorporation of 35SO4 from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate-35S into microsomal heparin has been described. This enzyme preparation is the same preparation that previously has been shown to catalyze the incorporation of sugars into a microsomal glycosaminoglycan related to heparin. It is suggested that polysaccharide polymerization and sulfation take place in close proximity in the cell.
Notes on homology cobordisms of plumbed homology 3-spheres

The gauge-theoretical invariants of Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten are used to detect some infinite order elements in the homology cobordism group of integral homology 3-spheres. This paper is concerned with the homology cobordism group E 3 of oriented integral homology 3-spheres. We use S. Donaldson's [D] and M. Furuta's [F] (see also [A]) theorems and the ft-invariant introduced by W. Neumann [N] and L. Siebenmann [S] to prove the following two theorems. Theorem 1. Let a homology sphere E be the link of an algebraic singularity. If E is homology cobordant to zero, then ft(E) > 0. All Seifert fibered homology spheres are the links of algebraic singularities. Therefore, one can apply this theorem to recover some of the results of R. Fintushel and R. Stern [FS] on homology cobordisms of Seifert fibered homology spheres. For example, it easily follows that for any relatively prime positive integers p and q, Seifert fibered homology spheres Z(p, q, pqk 1), k > 1, have infinite order in the group E3z. Theorem 1 implies some new results as well; see Section 2. Theorem 2. Let E be a plumbed homology sphere and assume that ft(E) $& 0. If E bounds a plumbed 4-manifold with even intersection form of rank not exceeding 10 t(E)Z), then E has infinite order in the group e6. One can easily see [NR] that any Seifert sphere Z(a,, ... , an) with one of the ai's even bounds an (essentially unique) plumbed manifold with even intersection form. This intersection form is very often, though not always, of the desired rank not exceeding 10 I 1. Moreover, in many cases the rank can be reduced with the help of Kirby calculus without changing ft so that the conclusion of Theorem 2 still holds. Such an approach leads in particular to the following result [S1]. Corollary 1. For any relatively prime integers p, q > 2 and any odd integer k > 1 the Seifert fibered homology sphere X (p, q,pqk + 1) has infinite order in the group E)3 This result cannot be extended to Z(p, q, pqk + 1) with even k, because, for instance, Z(2, 3, 13) is known to bound a contractible manifold. Received by the editors November 19, 1996 and, in revised form, February 11, 1997. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 57M25, 57R80.
What is An Agent

The latter is important because not only is "intelligence" an overloaded term with defined meaning and not a design goal, but does not distinguish "agents" from from other kinds of AI software. However, "autonomous" suffers also from lack of definition and is even used by some to define "intelligence". The definition used by Franklin and Graesser is not as precise as claimed. It will always be a subjective evaluation as to whether a system "senses in the future". There is no objective, operational test. And thus, no clear method of distinguishing "agents" from other software by this definition.In the panel discussion, Franklin agreed that more work needed to be done to provide an operational definition. Further, the definition has little practical benefit. It does not suggest technical issues or help to design agents or their infrastructure. Another way to distinguish agents from other kinds of software is to look at the communications technology employed. One kind of agent of special note exchanges typed messages on a peer-to-peer basis. KQML-Iike agents are an example. Emphasizing the nature of the technology allows one to distinguish such agents from expert systems, object-oriented programming, and client-server systems with no reference to "sensing". Further, this method allows one to characterize agenthood as a property relative to a system rather than an isolated candidate software module. Finally, the approach points out some fundamental technical issues in combining such agents with the World-Wide Web. We do not conclude that only these are "agents" but that focus on communications technology is one useful approach to defining agenthood. In particular, we define a class of agents: "typed-message agents". They are defined in terms of communities of agents with three properties:
Temperature-dependent surface modification of Ta due to high-flux, low-energy He+ ion irradiation

Abstract This work examines the response of Tantalum (Ta) as a potential candidate for plasma-facing components (PFCs) in future nuclear fusion reactors. Tantalum samples were exposed to high-flux, low-energy He + ion irradiation at different temperatures in the range of 823–1223 K. The samples were irradiated at normal incidence with 100 eV He + ions at constant flux of 1.2 × 10 21 ions m −2 s −1 to a total fluence of 4.3 × 10 24 ions m −2 . An additional Ta sample was also irradiated at 1023 K using a higher ion fluence of 1.7 × 10 25 ions m −2 (at the same flux of 1.2 × 10 21 ions m −2 s −1 ), to confirm the possibility of fuzz formation at higher fluence. This higher fluence was chosen to roughly correspond to the lower fluence threshold of fuzz formation in Tungsten (W). Surface morphology was characterized with a combination of field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These results demonstrate that the main mode of surface damage is pinholes with an average size of ∼70 nm 2 for all temperatures. However, significantly larger pinholes are observed at elevated temperatures (1123 and 1223 K) resulting from the agglomeration of smaller pinholes. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides information about the oxidation characteristics of irradiated surfaces, showing minimal exfoliation of the irradiated Ta surface. Additionally, optical reflectivity measurements are performed to further characterize radiation damage on Ta samples, showing gradual reductions in the optical reflectivity as a function of temperature.