cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rorty, religion, and humanism

This article offers a review of Richard Rorty's attempts to come to terms with the role of religion in our public and intellectual life by tracing the key develop- mentsinhisposition,partiallyinresponsetotheubiquitouscriticismsofhisdistinction between private and public projects. Since Rorty rejects the possibility of dismissing religion on purely epistemic grounds, he is determined to treat it, instead, as a matter of politics. My suggestion is that, in this respect, Rorty's position is best construed as that of a humanist rather than a post-modernist. Ultimately, it appears that, in his view, the positive element of religion—i.e. the idea of religion as a social gospel—has been absorbed and transformed into a utopian striving which humanists associate with the ideal of democracy. Hence, in this regard, religion can be considered obsolete. Yet, without explicitly invoking the usual epistemic grounds, Rorty's arguments for excluding religionfromthe public sphere remain rather thin,and an interestinreform- ing rather than excluding religion would have been more consistent with his general outlook.
Use of preferred preemption points in cache-based real-time systems

Time-critical applications require known worst-case execution times to ensure that system timing constraints are met. Traditional cache memory arrangements, however significantly impede the determination of tight upper bounds on these worst-case execution times (WCET). The difficulty comes in adequately predicting the cache miss ratio for a task in a preemptable multi-tasking environment. Caches thus increase the complexity of calculating WCET. To resolve this, caches have simply been excluded from WCET calculations. Each task must then be provided greater time in which to execute leading to lower throughput and performance. In this paper we present a cache management scheme that allows WCET calculations to more easily reflect the timing effects of caching. This is done through the appropriate selection of preemption points within a task's execution. The scheme focuses on the WCET component that is due to preemption overhead. An added benefit is a reduction in execution time of up to 10% for some tasks over traditional cache management. >
Irregular armed forces, shifting patterns of commitment, and fragmented sovereignty in the developing world

Historically, the study of state formation has involved a focus on the urban and national conditions under which states monopolize the means of coercion, generate legitimacy, and marshal sufficient economic resources to wage war against enemies while sustaining citizen allegiance through the extension of social programs, new forms of national solidarity, and citizenship. In Charles Tilly’s large body of work, these themes loomed large, and they have re-emerged in slightly reformulated ways in an unfinished manuscript that reflected on the relationship between capital and coercion in which he also integrated the element of commitment—or networks of trust—into the study of state formation. This article develops these same ideas but in new directions, casting them in light of contemporary rather than historical developments. Taking as its point of departure the accelerating rates of criminal violence and citizen insecurity in cities of the developing world, this essay suggests that random and targeted violence increasingly perpetrated by “irregular” armed forces pose a direct challenge to state legitimacy and national sovereignty. Through examination of urban and transnational non-state armed actors who use violence to accumulate capital and secure economic dominion, and whose activities reveal alternative networks of commitment, power, authority, and even self-governance, this essay identifies contemporary parallels with the pre-modern period studied by Charles Tilly, arguing that current patterns challenge prevailing national-state forms of sovereignty. Drawing evidence primarily from Mexico and other middle income developing countries that face growing insecurity and armed violence, the article examines the new “spatialities” of irregular armed force, how they form the basis for alternative networks of coercion, allegiance, and reciprocity that challenge old forms and scales of sovereignty, and what this means for the power and legitimacy of the traditional nation-state.
Onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Their Management in the Treasure Valley of the Pacific Northwest

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman and thrips-transmitted Iris yellow spot virus are the most significant pest complex affecting onion production in the Treasure Valley of eastern Oregon and southwestern Idaho. Thrips feeding damage and virus infection significantly reduce onion bulb size and economic returns for this high value crop. The high concentration of onion fields in the Treasure Valley and the long, hot, dry growing season present a number of challenges for managing onion thrips and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV). Insecticides are the primary tool that growers have to manage this pest complex. With the long growing season, growers need to exercise good insecticide resistance management programs to maintain the effectiveness of currently available insecticides. To do this, growers need to rotate among available products and use as few applications as practical. A challenge for researchers is to determine not only which insecticides are effective but also to determine when during the season different products may be most effectively used. Techniques for analyzing field trial data are discussed, including comparing changes in pest populations before and after various insecticide applications are made. These comparisons can be made through the use of linear estimates and contrasts as part of analyses of variance, and they can aid in determining efficacy of different treatments by accounting for pre-application populations. These techniques will help researchers in developing sound sequence of insecticide applications for onion thrips management.
A highly efficient and sensitive screening method for trans-activation activity of estrogen receptors.

We describe a highly efficient and sensitive yeast-based screening method for isolating human estrogen receptor a (ERa) mutants with altered trans-activation activity. This method takes advantage of the fact that estrogen receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor, and links the transactivation activity of estrogen receptor to the growth rate of yeast cells. We used this method to screen a library of human ERa mutants created by random mutagenesis of the ligand binding domain of human ERa in the presence of ligand 17b-estradiol (E2). We isolated several human ERa mutants with significantly altered trans-activation activity toward E2 in yeast cells. We also used this method to screen a library of chemical compounds and showed that it can be used to rapidly identify estrogenic compounds and the different cell growth rates for these estrogenic compounds correlated well with their relative binding affinities. Thus, this method is suitable for selecting novel estrogenic compounds and estrogen receptor mutants. In principle, this method might also be used to isolate mutants of any nuclear receptors with altered trans-activation activity, which may greatly facilitate their structural and functional studies. q 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Exploring the community-based service delivery model: Elderly care in China

In response to the rapidly growing need for social services among China’s population, particularly for older people, the government has begun to explore the community-based service delivery model. Using the recent developments in China’s care of older people as a case study example, this article documents the progress of community-based service delivery for the aged living in the community, and explores the community’s evolving role in China’s social service delivery system. China’s model — a horizontal—vertical mixed model — presents a new perspective of defining service delivery and community practice, which has various implications and broadens the view of Western social work practice.
Scale-invariant asset pricing and consumption/portfolio choice with general attitudes toward risk and uncertainty

Motivated by notions of aversion to Knightian uncertainty, this paper develops the theory of competitive asset pricing and consumption/portfolio choice with homothetic recursive preferences that allow essentially any homothetic uncertainty averse certainty-equivalent form. The market structure is scale invariant but otherwise general, allowing any trading constraints that scale with wealth. Technicalities are minimized by assuming a finite information tree. Pricing restrictions in terms of consumption growth and market returns are derived and a simple recursive method for solving the corresponding optimal consumption/portfolio choice problem is established.
Regulation of Intestinal and Hypothalamic Apolipoprotein A-IV

This review discusses the regulation of the intestinal and hypothalamic apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) gene and protein expression. Apo A-IV is a glycoprotein secreted together with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by the small intestine. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is stimulated by fat absorption, probably mediated by chylomicron formation. This stimulation of intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is attenuated by intravenous leptin infusion. Chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet blunts the intestinal apo A-IV in response to dietary lipid. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is also stimulated by members of the pancreatic polypeptide family, including peptide YY (PYY), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Recently, apo A-IV was demonstrated to be present in the hypothalamus as well. Hypothalamic apo A-IV level was reduced by food deprivation and restored by lipid feeding. Intracerebroventricular administration of apo A-IV antiserum stimulated feeding and decreased the hypothalamic apo A-IV mRNA level, implying that feeding is intimately regulated by endogenous hypothalamic apo A-IV. Central administration of NPY significantly increased hypothalamic apo A-IV mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner. Exp Biol Med 228:1181– 1189, 2003
Design and implementation of correlating caches

We introduce a new cache architecture that can be used to increase performance and reduce energy consumption in Network Processors. This new architecture is based on the observation that there is a strong correlation between different memory accesses. In other words, if load X and load Y are two consecutively executed load instructions, the offset between the source addresses of these instructions remain usually constant between different iterations. We utilize this information by building a correlating cache architecture. This architecture consists of a Dynamic Correlation Extractor, a Correlation History Table, and a Correlation Buffer. We first show simulation results investigating the frequency of correlating loads. Then, we evaluate our architecture using SimpleScalar/ARM. For a set of representative applications, the correlating cache architecture is able to reduce the average data access time by as much as 52.7% and 36.1% on average, while reducing the energy consumption of the caches by as much as 49.2% and 25.7% on average.
Intercomparison of In-Flight Icing Algorithms. Part II: Statistical Verification Results

Abstract Recent research to improve forecasts of in-flight icing conditions has involved the development of algorithms to apply to the output of numerical weather prediction models. The abilities of several of these algorithms to predict icing conditions, as verified by pilot reports (PIREPs), are compared for two numerical weather prediction models (Eta and the Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System) for the Winter Icing and Storms Program 1994 (WISP94) time period (25 January–25 March 1994). Algorithms included in the comparison were developed by the National Aviation Weather Advisory Unit [NAWAU, now the Aviation Weather Center (AWC)], the National Center for Atmospheric Research’s Research Applications Program (RAP), and the U.S. Air Force. Operational icing forecasts (AIRMETs) issued by NAWAU for the same time period are evaluated to provide a standard of comparison. The capabilities of the Eta Model’s explicit cloud liquid water estimates for identifying icing regions are also evaluated and compar...
Resistance to Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies in Uganda: An Impending Threat

Plasmodium falciparum malaria is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in tropical Africa. Chloroquine phosphate emerged as the revolutionary drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of malaria, pushing the previously administered quinine to the sidelines. However, since the 1970s, sensitivity to chloroquine has been on the decline. In response to this, health professionals began to turn to a different drug: artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). ACT is now accepted by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the most effective strategy to treat Plasmodium falciparum malaria, despite some initial misgivings (their long-term usefulness has yet to be determined). In this light, based on a few tentative studies conducted since 2003, the WHO has established an emerging, yet noticeable, trend in growing resistance to ACT drugs. Although, at this moment, there is no hard evidence of any ACT resistance within the Ugandan population, this paper will explore, through published and unpublished sources, and a baseline survey conducted in July 2008 by AMREF (African Medical and Research Foundation, an international medical organisation based in Kenya), how this resistance will soon emerge in Uganda, what the precipitating factors are, and through a careful evaluation of these causes, offer courses of action so as avoid the devastating consequences of ACT resistance. Author’s Note Elana Siegel graduated from Brown University as a pre-medical candidate with a major in Slavic Studies (with admission to the National Slavic Honor Society). In July and August of 2008 she worked as a research assistant for Col. (ret) Robert Leitch, M.B.E., in Uganda, for the African Medical Research Foundation (AMREF), in a project regarding a baseline study of the malaria, AIDS and TB (MAT) Integrated Model. She is a native of London, UK.
Indication and Occasional Expressions

In the Logical Investigations, Edmund Husserl argues that a proper understanding of logic requires that one distinguish between the indicative function which signs, including linguistic signs, can have from the expressive function which only linguistic signs can have. This is important for a proper understanding of logic, since that discipline is concerned only with the meanings expressed by linguistic signs. While linguistic signs can exercise both functions, and indeed in communication they exercise both functions simultaneously, Husserl argues that even when both are present, the two functions can be distinguished from one another, and he thinks that in soliloquy we find the expressive function unaccompanied by the indicative function.
Conservation Easements Under Turner and Glass

Both Turner and Glass provide useful commentary on the requirements a taxpayer must satisfy to qualify for a conservation easement charitable deduction or the estate tax conservation easement exclusion. Because of the increased popularity of conservation easements, as well as the heightened IRS examination of these transfers, both cases provide a welcome judicial gloss on this tax benefit.
Beekeeping in the British Isles Before 1500

(1955). Beekeeping in the British Isles Before 1500. Bee World: Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 177-186.
Lotharmeyerite, Ca(Zn,Mn)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2

Lotharmeyerite, calcium bis­(zinc/manganese) bis­(arsenate) bis­(hydroxide/hydrate), Ca(Zn,Mn3+)2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)2, is a member of the natrochalcite group of minerals, which are characterized by the general formula AM2(XO4)2(H2O,OH)2, where A may be occupied by Pb2+, Ca2+, Na+, and Bi3+, M by Fe3+, Mn3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Al3+, and Mg2+, and X by PV, AsV, VV, and SVI. The minerals in the group display either monoclinic or triclinic symmetry, depending on the ordering of chemical components in the M site. Based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of a sample from the type locality, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico, this study presents the first structure determination of lotharmeyerite. Lotharmeyerite is isostructural with natrochalcite and tsumcorite. The structure is composed of rutile-type chains of edge-shared MO6 octa­hedra (site symmetry \overline1) extending along [010], which are inter­connected by XO4 tetra­hedra (site symmetry 2) and hydrogen bonds to form [M2(XO4)2(OH,H2O)2] sheets parallel to (001). These sheets are linked by the larger A cations (site symmetry 2/m), as well as by hydrogen bonds. Bond-valence sums for the M cation, calculated with the parameters for Mn3+ and Mn2+ are 2.72 and 2.94 v.u., respectively, consistent with the occupation of the M site by Mn3+. Two distinct hydrogen bonds are present, one with O⋯O = 2.610 (4) A and the other O⋯O = 2.595 (3) A. One of the H-atom positions is disordered over two sites with 50% occupancy, in agreement with observations for other natrochalcite-type minerals, such as natrochalcite and tsumcorite.
Persistence of Bacillus thuringiensis in Two Formulations Applied by Helicopter Against the Western Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in North Central Oregon

Inactivation rates of Bacillus thuringiensis were determined for two formulations applied at 20 and 30 billion international units/ha by helicopter against the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. The number of days before spray residues declined to 50% of original activity varied with the dosage. Because inactivation rates of the four treatments were approximately equal, success of a B. thuringiensis control program apparently depends more on the initial rate of larval mortality than on the persistence of the microbial agent.
The Neoidealist Moment in International Studies? Realist Myths and the New International RealitiesISA Presidential Address March 27, 1993 Acapulco, Mexico

To provoke discussion, this presidential address to the International Studies Association asks the question whether changes in the new, post-Cold War international system require revision of our paradigmatic propensities. In particular, it suggests that the recent transformations in world politics have created a hospitable home for the reconstruction of realism inspired by Wilsonian idealism, and outlines a revised research agenda consistent with these new conditions and the hypotheses the idealist tradition raises for our field's attention.
REMOVAL OF CHROMIUM(VI) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY SULFATE-MODIFIED TITANIUM-BEARING BLAST FURNACE SLAG

The paper reports on the feasibility of removing Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution using a sulfate-modified titanium-bearing blast furnace slag (STBBFS) as an adsorbent. The components and microstructures of the calcined STBBFS adsorbent were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy. The adsorption efficiency for Cr(Ⅵ) by the STBBFS adsorbents was investigated at different pH values, initial mass concentrations of STBBFS and adsorption temperatures of aqueous solution. The adsorption data followed the Langmuir model rather than the Freundlich model, and the adsorption equilibrium was described by the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 8.25 mg/g of Cr(Ⅵ) ions onto the STBBFS adsorbents at pH=1.5. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed good fitting to the experimental results at different initial concentrations and adsorption temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters, such as enthalpy change (ΔH°), free energy change (ΔG°) and entropy change (ΔS°) were analyzed. The thermodynamics of Cr(Ⅵ) ions onto the STBBFS adsorbents indicates the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. XPS and FTIR analysis show that in the process the of Cr(Ⅵ) is reduced to Cr(Ⅲ) after the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ).
Additive effect of erythropoietin and heme on murine hematopoietic recovery after azidothymidine treatment

The ability of combination treatment with erythropoietin (Epo) and heme to rescue hematopoietic activity in mice from the suppressive effect of azidothymidine (AZT) was determined. Exposure of mice to AZT for 5 weeks produced marked anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and weight loss, whereas mice that received Epo and heme for 3 subsequent weeks showed significant alleviation of AZT cytotoxicity. Treatment with Epo (10 U for 5 times/week) stimulated hematopoietic recovery in the AZT- treated animals and reduced the severe anemia and thrombocytopenia by 3 weeks. Administration of a lower Epo dose (1 U Epo) resulted in only a modest retardation of AZT-induced anemia, although, when combined with heme, there was a great improvement in recovery of erythropoiesis. The combination of heme with Epo (10 U) produced the optimum response, resulting in almost normal recovery of bone marrow cellularity as well as recovery of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and splenic hematopoietic progenitor content (colony-forming unit-spleen [CFU-S]) by the end of 3 weeks of post-AZT treatment. Treatment with heme alone markedly enhanced the recovery of BFU-E and CFU-S, as well as body weight post-AZT; however, this recovery was not to the extent seen in combination with Epo (10 U). Long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) established from mice exposed to AZT for 8 weeks showed a marked reduction in cellularity and this was completely alleviated when mice received heme and Epo (10 U) for 3 weeks after 5 weeks of AZT administration. The additive effect of heme and Epo was seen in BFU-E production, as well as in CFU-S production, in LTBMCs. Thus, heme exerts a significant protective effect on hematopoietic progenitors in vivo and may be of potential clinical use in combination with Epo to promote effective erythropoiesis in the setting of AZT therapy.
Use of Electronic Health Record Data to Evaluate the Impact of Race on 30-Day Mortality in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit

The current body of literature examining the impact of race upon outcomes for patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is limited. The primary objective of our study was to explore this question using a large cohort drawn from an electronic health record (EHR)-based data source. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care (MIMIC-II), an EHR-derived database encompassing ICU admissions to an academic medical center in Boston, Massachusetts, between 2001 and 2008. Adults admitted to a medical or surgical ICU were assessed for the primary outcome of 30-day mortality and secondary outcomes of in-hospital mortality and hospital length-of-stay. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between race and the primary outcome. The study cohort consisted of 14,684 adult ICU patients—10,562 White, 1311 Black, 363 Asian, 868 “Other,” and 1580 without known race. Thirty-day mortality rates experienced by Black and Asian individuals were significantly lower than mortality among those identified as White, with odds ratios of 0.62 (95 % CI 0.50–0.77) and 0.64 (95 % CI 0.44–0.93), respectively. Patients without known race experienced the highest crude mortality overall (27.4 %) and twice the adjusted odds of mortality compared with the White group. In a large, racially diverse cohort of general ICU patients, White patients experienced significantly higher mortality than non-White patients. Our results are consistent with findings from other studies that indicate that the non-White race does not appear to negatively impact short-term survival following ICU admission.
Characterization of the spectral phase of an intense laser at focus via ionization blueshift

An in situ diagnostic for verifying the spectral phase of an intense laser pulse at focus is presented. This diagnostic relies on measuring the effect of optical compression on ionization-induced blueshifting of the laser spectrum. Experimental results from the Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator, a laser source rigorously characterized by conventional techniques, are presented and compared with simulations to illustrate the utility of this technique. These simulations show distinguishable effects from second-, third-, and fourth-order spectral phase.
Promising pharmacogenetic targets for treating alcohol use disorder: evidence from preclinical models

Inherited genetic variants contribute to risk factors for developing an alcohol use disorder, and polymorphisms may inform precision medicine strategies for treating alcohol addiction. Targeting genetic mutations linked to alcohol phenotypes has provided promising initial evidence for reducing relapse rates in alcoholics. Although successful in some studies, there are conflicting findings and the reports of adverse effects may ultimately limit their clinical utility, suggesting that novel pharmacogenetic targets are necessary to advance precision medicine approaches. Here, we describe promising novel genetic variants derived from preclinical models of alcohol consumption and dependence that may uncover disease mechanisms that drive uncontrolled drinking and identify novel pharmacogenetic targets that facilitate therapeutic intervention for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.
Preclinical data support leveraging CS1 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for systemic light chain amyloidosis

Abstract Background aims Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is a protein deposition disorder that is a result of a plasma cell dyscrasia, similar to multiple myeloma (MM). Immunotherapy is an attractive approach because of the low burden of disease, but the optimal target for AL is unclear. CS1 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) are two potential targets because they are expressed on normal plasma cells and MM cells. Methods We performed a prospective study evaluating bone marrow specimens of 20 patients with plasma cell diseases, 10 with AL and 10 with MM. We evaluated the clonal population of plasma cells for BCMA and CS1 expression. We designed a second-generation CS1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) construct, comprising a CS1 antigen-specific scFv, shortened hinge region and CD28 costimulatory domain. Purified central memory T cells were activated and transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding the CS1 CAR. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using 51Cr release assays. Five days after tumor inoculation, NSG mice were injected intravenously with CS1 CAR T cells. Results Whereas CS1 is present on the plasma cells of AL patients, we found BCMA expression in AL to be markedly low. CS1 CAR T cells were cytotoxic against CS1 positive tumor cells and induced durable tumor regressions in mice. Discussion Our work represents a novel application of CS1-directed CAR T cells while revealing that BCMA would not be a suitable target. We expect AL to be particularly susceptible to CAR T-cell therapy because of the low tumor burden in the bone marrow.
Glass transition effects on milling yields in a cross-flow drying column

ABSTRACTDrying treatments were selected based on the glass transition temperature of rice kernels and applied in an experimentally simulated drying column. When kernels were dried in the glassy state, there was negligible head rice yield reduction (HRYR), regardless if samples had been tempered or not. But when kernels transitioned to the rubbery state during the initial stages of drying and subsequently developed sufficient intra-kernel material state gradients, significant HRYRs occurred, and HRYRs of tempered samples were significantly less than those of non-tempered samples throughout the column. Sample HRYRs near the heated-air plenum were much greater than those into the column.
Absolute measurement of the cross section for 23-keV neutron activation of thorium

Absolute measurement of the thorium radiative capture cross section has been made using antimony-beryllium photoneutrons and an activation method. The average of two determinations is 606 mb near 23-keV neutron energy with a 3.2% estimated error from all sources. This value is about10% higher than those reported from recent measurements employing iron-filtered neutron beams.
The City as a Firm

A simplified model is produced to illustrate the proposition that, where efficiently operating cities compete on a world market, land rents representing the social opportunity costs of land occupancy will in each city aggregate to the sum of the intramarginal residues that reflect the economies of scale of the activities the existence of which within the city account for its optimal size being as large as it is. Full efficiency thus requires that all such land rents be devoted to the subsidy of these decreasing-cost industries, and the appropriation of these rents by landlords for other purposes precludes the achievement of full efficiency. Where such appropriation precludes efficiency elsewhere, and world prices are thus not at the efficiency level, it will be to the general long-run advantage of landlords in a particular city, as well as to locally constrained labour, for rents to be used for such subsidy, even though initially they may be inadequate to do the full job.
Personal and Organizational Determinants of Job Satisfaction for Workers With Disabilities

Although persons with disabilities are underrepresented in the workforce, a substantial portion of adults with disabilities does work. Job satisfaction, an important predictor of productivity, job ...
Activity of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Interest in the pathways of nucleotide metabolism in human lymphocytes was stimulated by the serendipitous observations of Giblett, et al., who found that two inborn errors of purine nucleoside metabolism cause severe impairment of lymphocyte function, while sparing other cell types (1, 2). A genetic deficiency of adenosine deaminase engenders a combined immunodeficiency syndrome (1). A similar deficiency in purine nucleoside phosphorylase is associated with a selective cellular immune deficit (2).
Musical Expression in Louise Labé's Twelfth Sonnet

Louise Labe builds her collection of sonnets on a the precarious foundation of desire. Desire compels the voice to speak initially, while the act of speaking reveals a space where difference emerges between desire and voice. In Labe's twelfth sonnet, the representation of the artist's desire to create produces a representation of the artist's inability to control her instrument. At the same time, the representation of desire reveals the desire for representation. I argue that in this sonnet Labe weaves this tapestry of desire around a central metaphor of musica ficta, an artistic practice which calls upon the artist to fill in the gaps of an incomplete tonal system. Musica ficta allows the performer artistic license to interpret outside of the text of the music. It also demands an expert understanding of the tonal system used. In Labe's poem, musica ficta becomes a metaphor for the difficulties of artistic production especially for the woman writer using a female voice within a textual tradition generally qualified as male. Labe uses the concept of musica ficta to represent in a more authentic way the equivocal position of the woman poet within traditions of poetic language.
Network Propagation Predicts Drug Synergy in Cancers

Combination therapies are commonly used to treat patients with complex diseases that respond poorly to single-agent therapies. In vitro high-throughput drug screening is a standard method for preclinical prioritization of synergistic drug combinations, but it can be impractical for large drug sets. Computational methods are thus being actively explored; however, most published methods were built on a limited size of cancer cell lines or drugs, and it remains a challenge to predict synergism at a large scale where the diversity within the data escalates the difficulty of prediction. Here, we present a state-of-the-field synergy prediction algorithm, which ranked first in all subchallenges in the AstraZeneca-Sanger Drug Combination Prediction DREAM Challenge. The model was built and evaluated using the largest drug combination screening dataset at the time of the competition, consisting of approximately 11,500 experimentally tested synergy scores of 118 drugs in 85 cancer cell lines. We developed a novel feature extraction strategy by integrating the cross-cell and cross-drug information with a novel network propagation method and then assembled the information in monotherapy and simulated molecular data to predict drug synergy. This represents a significant conceptual advancement of synergy prediction, using extracted features in the form of simulated posttreatment molecular profiles when only the pretreatment molecular profile is available. Our cross-tissue synergism prediction algorithm achieves promising accuracy comparable with the correlation between experimental replicates and can be applied to other cancer cell lines and drugs to guide therapeutic choices.Significance: This study presents a novel network propagation-based method that predicts anticancer drug synergy to the accuracy of experimental replicates, which establishes a state-of-the-field method as benchmarked by the pharmacogenomics research community involving models generated by 160 teams. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5446-57. ©2018 AACR.
Developing space-time dependent boundary conditions for composite RVEs at high strain-rates

Abstract This paper examines the effectiveness of periodic boundary conditions (PBCs), when applied to heterogeneous representative volume elements (RVEs) subjected to high strain-rate loading conditions. Even for a periodic multi-phase microstructure, the local stress and strain responses in the RVE under conditions of high strain-rate is not periodic. Stress waves propagate in the microstructure and interact with heterogeneities, resulting in reflection and transmission at the interfaces. To mitigate the limitations of PBCs, space and time dependent boundary conditions (STBCs), derived from analytical solutions to the 1D wave propagation problem, are proposed in this paper. This results in significant increase in the efficiency of the RVE analysis since it is not necessary to include larger RVEs. The paper introduces analytical solutions of the longitudinal and shear wave equations for elastic two-phase materials under time-dependent boundary conditions. Subsequently a 3D composite RVE problem, is solved to investigate the efficacy of STBCs. Results show that STBCs significantly improve the accuracy over PBCs for the same RVE. From this analysis, a strain-rate ≥ 10 5 s − 1 is considered to be suitable transition point from periodic to space-time dependent boundary conditions for heterogeneous elastic composites.
International Legal Developments in Review: 2002 (Introduction)

In this Article, Professor Alford, who served at the time as the general editor of International Lawyer, discusses international law developments that took place during 2002, including the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the entry into force of the Rome Statute for the International Criminal Court, the decisions in several cases involving international litigation and arbitration, and the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body’s significantly increased filings over previous years.
Integrated microfluidics/electrochemical sensor system for monitoring of environmental exposures to lead and chlorophenols

A microanalytical system based on a microfluidics/electrochemical detection scheme was developed. The microfluidic platform was fabricated based on a multi-layer lamination method. Fluidic microchannels were produced by sandwiching laser-machined adhesive-backed polyimide gaskets between layers of the device. Individual components, such as microfabricated piezoelectrically actuated pumps and a microelectrochemical cell were designed and fabricated into plug-in modules which can be readily plugged into (or unplugged from) the microfluidic platform. This allowed rapid change-out and repair of individual components by incorporating “plug and play” concepts now standard in PC's. The detection of lead and chlorophenols were performed with the microanalytical system to demonstrate the capabilities of this new technology for on-site environmental characterization and for real-time non-invasive biomonitoring of toxic chemical mixtures.
Promoting Inclusion in a Fitness Center through Non-Impaired Staff: Creating a Multi-Narrative Environment

The dominant narrative of ableism can result in persons with a physical impairment or chronic illness being othered, excluded and discriminated within fitness spaces. Fitness instructors with a phy...
Social Media Skills for Professional Development in Psychiatry and Medicine

Social media use is increasing in the United States. Because psychiatrists and physicians are becoming more active online, Twitter is emerging as a leading platform for professional development. Social media can enhance networking, serve as a tool for mentoring trainees and colleagues, introduce journal articles to new readers, and allow psychiatrists and physicians to advocate for health care issues. Psychiatrists and physicians should observe ethical standards for digital citizenship on Twitter and other social media platforms.
Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable bio-based poly(ester amide)s from sustainable feedstock

Abstract Aromatic poly(ester amide)s comprising of α-amino acids and lignin-derived building blocks were synthesized and their thermal properties assessed. The polymers, which were prepared by melt polycondensation with p-toluenesulfonic acid as the catalyst, all possessed high thermal stability in N2; the onsets of thermal degradation (Td onset) were >320 °C, the percent char yields ranged from 40 to 65% at 800 °C, and the glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranged from 136 °C–238 °C. Remarkably, the polymers were also thermally stable in air, with the Td onsets >330 °C and Td 50% >520 °C. Interestingly, the size of the R-group on the amino acids greatly affected the Tg, but only minimally affected the Td; perhaps due to the variation in polymer size. Wide angle x-ray diffraction measurements (WAXS) revealed semi-crystalline polymers, with similar diffraction patterns for all the polymers. The polymers mostly maintain their thermal stability after being subjected to various pH media for 6 days at 50 °C. Altogether, these characteristics make our bio-based PEAs worthwhile candidates for continued investigation as alternatives to petrochemical-derived thermoplastics for high performance materials.
Food production in the Early Woodland: macrobotanical remains as evidence for farming along the riverbank in eastern Tennessee

Open riverbanks and disturbed floodplains are targeted by archaeologists as optimal habitats for the growth of many of the weedy indigenous seed crops in eastern North America, but there is still l...
A Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection System for Mobile Internet of Things

Intrusion detection systems plays a pivotal role in detecting malicious activities that denigrate the performance of the network. Mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a form of wireless network that can transfer data without any need of infrastructure for their operation. A more novel paradigm of networking, namely Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged recently which can be considered as a superset to the afore mentioned paradigms. Their distributed nature and the limited resources available, present a considerable challenge for providing security to these networks. The need for an intrusion detection system (IDS) that can acclimate with such challenges is of extreme significance. Previously, we proposed a cross layer-based IDS with two layers of detection. It uses a heuristic approach which is based on the variability of the correctly classified instances (CCIs), which we refer to as the accumulated measure of fluctuation (AMoF). The current, proposed IDS is composed of two stages; stage one collects data through dedicated sniffers (DSs) and generates the CCI which is sent in a periodic fashion to the super node (SN), and in stage two the SN performs the linear regression process for the collected CCIs from different DSs in order to differentiate the benign from the malicious nodes. In this work, the detection characterization is presented for different extreme scenarios in the network, pertaining to the power level and node velocity for two different mobility models: Random way point (RWP), and Gauss Markov (GM). Malicious activity used in the work are the blackhole and the distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. Detection rates are in excess of 98% for high power/node velocity scenarios while they drop to around 90% for low power/node velocity scenarios.
Intraoperative monitoring of the vagus and laryngeal nerves with the laryngeal adductor reflex

Abstract Intraoperative monitoring of the vagus and laryngeal nerves with the laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is a promising technique for a wide spectrum of surgeries where sensory, motor, and brainstem pathways of the vagus nerve are at risk of injury. The LAR consists of ipsi- and contralateral short-latency R1 components and ipsi- and contralateral long-latency R2 components, relative to the stimulating side. If the patient is under total intravenous anesthesia, the R1 components can endure several hours of surgery, whereas the R2 components fade. We describe a new noninvasive endotracheal tube-based methodology to monitor the entire laryngeal reflex arc continuously without interference with the surgery. The correct choice of endotracheal tube size according to the patient’s laryngeal anatomy, gender, and correct positioning of the endotracheal tube electrodes relative to the relevant anatomical structures are essential for successful monitoring. Transient decreases in LAR amplitude correlate with surgical maneuvers that put traction on the nerve. If the amplitude decreases >60% of baseline, postoperative nerve and vocal fold dysfunction are likely.
‘Common Interests’ as an Evolving Body of International Law: Applications to Arctic Ocean Stewardship

The 20th century transformed our civilization into a global society with transboundary perspectives and responsibilities on a planetary scale. While the impacts of human progress began extending around the world well beforehand, as with agricultural transformations of landscapes across continents, it was the two ‘world’ wars that inexorably introduced humankind to the interconnectedness among all nations and peoples on earth.
Multi-physics topology optimization of functionally graded controllable porous structures: Application to heat dissipating problems

Abstract Graded porous structures can improve the design performance with a smooth transition of material properties over the domain. We present a multi-physics topology optimization approach for designing functionally graded porous structures. As an application, we present a formulation to optimize heat dissipating structures to enhance structural and thermal performance. The pore size, resolution, and porosity of the structures can be controlled to obtain optimized mechanical and thermal performances. Several controlling schemes are introduced which can tailor the design of the porous structures. Design approaches based on the functional variation of porosity, pore size and sensitivity-based porosity control are employed. Numerical examples with different structural loads, thermal loads and boundary conditions are presented to verify the formulation and show the efficacy of the implementation. We also investigate the effect of the controlling parameters on the overall design. The proposed formulation shows good promise to design functionally graded porous structures with targeted porosity in multi-physics systems.
Investigating the Stability and Accuracy of a Classical Mapping Variable Hamiltonian for Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics

Previous work has shown that by using the path integral representation of quantum mechanics and by mapping discrete electronic states to continuous Cartesian variables, it is possible to derive an exact quantum “mapping variable” ring-polymer (MV-RP) Hamiltonian. The classical molecular dynamics generated by this MV-RP Hamiltonian can be used to calculate equilibrium properties of multi-level quantum systems exactly, and to approximate real-time thermal correlation functions (TCFs). Here, we derive mixed time-slicing forms of the MV-RP Hamiltonian where different modes of a multi-level system are quantized to different extents. We explore the accuracy of the approximate quantum dynamics generated by these Hamiltonians through numerical calculation of quantum real-time TCFs for a range of model nonadiabatic systems, where two electronic states are coupled to a single nuclear degree of freedom. Interestingly, we find that the dynamics generated by an MV-RP Hamiltonian with all modes treated classically is more stable across all model systems considered here than mixed quantization approaches. Further, we characterize nonadiabatic dynamics in the 6D phase space of our classical-limit MV-RP Hamiltonian using Lagrangian descriptors to identify stable and unstable manifolds.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Archaeal Lipid Parallel GDGT-0 (Isocaldarchaeol)**

Archaeal glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) are some of the most unusual membrane lipids identified in nature. These amphiphiles are the major constituents of the membranes of numerous Archaea, some of which are extremophilic organisms. Due to their unique structures, there has been significant interest in studying both the biophysical properties and the biosynthesis of these molecules. However, these studies have thus far been hampered by limited access to chemically pure samples. Herein, we report a concise and stereoselective synthesis of the archaeal tetraether lipid parallel GDGT-0 and the synthesis and self-assembly of derivatives bearing different polar groups.
Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Characteristics Attributed to Entrepreneurs: A Three-Nation Study

This study examines characteristics attributed to entrepreneurs in three countries, and identifies similarities and differences in entrepreneurial characteristics across countries. Business students (N=424) from the United States of America, India, and Turkey rated 92 descriptors of human attributes and behaviors. For each attribute, respondents rated how characteristic it was of an entrepreneur. We found that though some characteristics were attributed to entrepreneurs across national cultures, there were also important differences in characteristics attributed to entrepreneurs in the three cultures. Following from prior literature, we did not assume the North American perspective of the entrepreneur as universal, allowing us to better understand how people in different cultures view entrepreneurs. The identification of country-specific entrepreneurship concepts can be useful for researchers interested in studying entrepreneurship internationally and practitioners interested in encouraging and training entrepreneurs in different countries. Implications of our findings and directions for future research are discussed.