cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD): a Report of the United States Immunodeficiency Network.

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency for which allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) offers potential cure. Direct comparison of HSCT to non-HSCT management in the North American population was performed to identify clinical factors associated with overall survival (OS) and transplant-related survival (TRS). Retrospective review of CGD subjects enrolled in the United States Immunodeficiency Network. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and modeled by proportional hazards regression. We identified 507 patients (66% CYBB mutants) diagnosed in 1953–2016. Fifty underwent allogeneic HSCT. Median follow-up was 9.1 years after diagnosis (0–45.8 years). OS was negatively associated with CYBB mutation (HR = 6.25; p = 0.034) and not associated with HSCT (88% v. 85% ± HCT) (HR = 1.26; p = 0.65). Transplant at ≤ 14 years old was associated with improved TRS (93% v. 82% at T + 60 months) (HR = − 4.51; p = 0.035). Patients transplanted before 15 years old had fewer severe infections pre-HSCT (mean 0.95 v. 2.13; p = 0.047). No mortality was reported in patients receiving stem cells from matched siblings. Infection incidence declined post-HSCT in subjects with greater than or equal to four infections pre-HSCT (p = 0.0010). Compared to non-HSCT patients ≥ 15 years old, post-transplant survivors had higher mean performance score (93.2 v. 85.9; p = 0.0039) and lower frequency of disability (11% v. 52%; p = 0.014). Allogeneic HSCT was associated with reduced infection incidence and improved functional performance, but not with a change in overall survival. Transplant-related survival was elevated in patients undergoing HSCT before 15 years old. Consider HSCT prior to late adolescence in patients with severely diminished reactive oxygen intermediate synthesis, particularly if a matched sibling is available.
Chapter 21 – Darwinism and immunology: from Metchnikoff to Burnet

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the history of Darwinian influences on immunological thought during the formative years of the discipline. Physiologist's interest in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of function paid overt attention to evolutionary theory. Their references to evolution were in the main implicit, and made in the context of organs and systems rather than of mechanisms. Other biomedical sciences paid little attention to Darwinian precepts. Only in the field of pathology was the inheritance of such acquired characteristics as malformations viewed as a significant component of the evolutionary process, most notably by Rudolph Virchow, the father of cellular pathology. Darwin's notion of “the survival of the fittest” was expressed in terms of a Malthusian contest among individuals within a species, selection favoring those best able to compete. Metchnikoff was initially critical of the Malthusian basis of Darwin's theory, but his study of embryology and the evolution of the process of digestion convinced him of the importance of Darwinian concepts, so that when he first observed phagocytosis, he was quick to give it a Darwinian interpretation.
Health Insurance Literacy among International College Students: A Qualitative Analysis.

In this qualitative descriptive study, we examine health insurance literacy among a group of international college students. They were recruited from a public, co-educational Southeastern university in the United States during the fall semester of 2016 to participate in semistructured interviews. Data were gathered through a demographic questionnaire, two focus group discussions, and individual interviews. Interview sessions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. Three themes emerged, including knowledge of health insurance options and benefits information, affordability, and unmet expectations. These findings show the need for higher education institutions to develop a plan to integrate international students into U.S. health care. International students are a vulnerable population; therefore, increasing health insurance literacy is vital to making an optimal health insurance choice, improving access to health care, and using health care efficiently. Future research should tailor educational interventions to mitigate poor health insurance literacy among international college students.
Diazoxide preserves myocardial function in a swine model of hypothermic cardioplegic arrest and prolonged global ischemia.

Abstract Objective Adenosine triphosphate potassium sensitive channels provide endogenous myocardial protection via coupling of cell membrane potential to myocardial metabolism. Adenosine triphosphate potassium sensitive channel openers, such as diazoxide, mimic ischemic preconditioning, prevent cardiomyocyte swelling, preserve myocyte contractility after stress, and provide diastolic protection. We hypothesize that diazoxide combined with hyperkalemic cardioplegia provides superior myocardial protection compared with cardioplegia alone during prolonged global ischemia in a large animal model. Methods Twelve pigs were randomized to global ischemia for 2 hours with a single dose of cold blood (4:1) hyperkalemic cardioplegia alone (n = 6) or with diazoxide (500 μmol/L) (n = 6) and reperfused for 1 hour. Cardiac output, myocardial oxygen consumption, left ventricular developed pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, diastolic function, myocardial troponin, myoglobin, markers of apoptosis, and left ventricular infarct size were compared. Results Four pigs in the cardioplegia alone group could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no differences in myoglobin, troponin, or apoptosis between groups. Diazoxide preserved cardiac output versus control (74.5 vs 18.4 mL/kg/min, P = .01). Linear mixed regression modeling demonstrated that the addition of diazoxide to cardioplegia preserved left ventricular developed pressure by 36% (95% confidence interval, 9.9-61.5; P Conclusions Diazoxide preserves systolic and diastolic ventricular function in a large animal model of prolonged global myocardial ischemia. Diazoxide as an adjunct to hyperkalemic cardioplegia may allow safer prolonged ischemic times during increasingly complicated cardiac procedures.
Phoresy in animals: review and synthesis of a common but understudied mode of dispersal

Phoresy is a type of interaction in which one species, the phoront, uses another species, the dispersal host, for transportation to new habitats or resources. Despite being a widespread behaviour, little is known about the ecology and evolution of phoresy. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive review of phoretic dispersal in animals and to bring renewed attention to this subject. We surveyed literature published between 1900 and 2020 to understand the extent of known higher-level taxonomic diversity (phyla, classes, and orders) and functional aspects of animals that use phoretic dispersal. Species dispersing phoretically have been observed in at least 13 animal phyla, 25 classes, and 60 orders. The majority of known phoronts are arthropods (Phylum Euarthropoda) in terrestrial habitats, but phoronts also occur in freshwater and marine environments. Marine phoronts may be severely under-represented in the literature due to the relative difficulty of studying these systems. Phoronts are generally small with low mobility and use habitats or resources that are ephemeral and/or widely dispersed. Many phoronts are also parasites. In general, animals that engage in phoresy use a wide variety of morphological and behavioural traits for locating, attaching to, and detaching from dispersal hosts, but the exact mechanisms behind these activities are largely unknown. In addition to diversity, we discuss the evolution of phoresy including the long-standing idea that it can be a precursor to parasitism and other forms of symbioses. Finally, we suggest several areas of future research to improve our understanding of phoresy and its ecological and evolutionary significance.
The axis of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in asthma and allergic airway disease

Asthma is a generalized term that describes a scope of distinct pathologic phenotypes of variable severity, which share a common complication of reversible airflow obstruction. Asthma is estimated to affect almost 400 million people worldwide, and nearly ten percent of asthmatics have what is considered "severe" disease. The majority of moderate to severe asthmatics present with a "type 2-high" (T2-hi) phenotypic signature, which pathologically is driven by the type 2 cytokines Interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. However, "type 2-low" (T2-lo) phenotypic signatures are often associated with more severe, steroid-refractory neutrophilic asthma. A wide range of clinical and experimental studies have found that the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic airway disease (AAD). Current experimental data indicates that RAGE is a critical mediator of the type 2 inflammatory reactions which drive the development of T2-hi AAD. However, clinical studies demonstrate that increased RAGE ligands and signaling strongly correlate with asthma severity, especially in severe neutrophilic asthma. This review presents an overview of the current understandings of RAGE in asthma pathogenesis, its role as a biomarker of disease, and future implications for mechanistic studies, and potential therapeutic intervention strategies.
Changes in Medical Student Perceptions of Surgery Are Sustainable Through Focused Preclinical Surgical Exposure.

Objective Many medical students hold negative perceptions about the surgical field that deter them from pursuing surgical training. We hypothesize that these perceptions can be sustainably changed with preclinical surgical education. Design Students were administered a 10-question survey before the educational experience, immediately after completing the experience, and 1-3 years later. Survey questions focused on perceptions about surgery. Changes in responses over time were measured and analyzed. Setting The study was performed in the setting of a voluntary preclinical surgical education experience. Participants Surveys were administered to 217 first-year medical students who all participated in the preclinical surgical education experience from 2017 to 2019. Follow-up surveys were administered to all cohorts simultaneously and anonymously via email. Results Nine of the ten questions demonstrated statistically significant changes in perceptions from pre-experience to immediately post-experience (p Conclusions The results indicated that our model of surgical education could effect long-term changes in negative perceptions about the surgical field. Many of these negative perceptions are highly concerning to medical students. As such, success in changing perceptions about length and difficulty of training, gender inclusivity, and patient-centered care in surgery is important in increasing student interest in the surgical field. This becomes relevant in the current climate of a nationwide shortage of surgeons and the need to better attract students to this profession.
One and done: A single encounter with an invasive predator determines subsequent antipredator behavior of naive juvenile lizards

Abstract Plastic changes in behavior can allow animals to adapt to changes in their environment, but the adaptive role of rapid behavioral adjustments for surviving anthropogenically-induced environmental change is less well understood, especially with regard to behavioral plasticity facilitating the evolution of other traits. Here we examine the ability of lizards to rapidly acquire adaptive antipredator behavior following a single predator exposure. Fence lizards typically rely on crypsis to avoid predator detection, but this is maladaptive in the face of invasive venomous fire ants that can successfully locate and attack immobile lizards. Fire ant-naive juvenile lizards shifted their behavior to flee from fire ant attack after a single encounter with these predatory ants. Our results provide evidence of rapid phenotypic accommodation to an environmental threat that likely played a role in population persistence after fire ant invasion and subsequent evolution of multiple traits.
Evaluating predictors of renal injury with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma: A multi-ethnic cohort study:

Background:Kidney injury is a well-described adverse event of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), thought to be mediated predominantly through glomerular damage. However, risk factors for kidney inj...
Personnel Turnover and Legislative Efficiency in the EU

This chapter examines whether turnover among European commissioners, ministers in the Council of the EU, and members of the European Parliament affects throughput legitimacy in the EU. Theoretically, we expect turnover in all three institutions to slow down decision making. EU institutions present new entrants with steep learning curves. We expect this reality to increase systemic uncertainty and delay the legislative process. Empirically, we find that the effect of turnover varies by institution: while increasing quantities of turnover in the Commission and the Council are associated with decision-making delays, similar phenomena in the EP are associated with more efficient decision making. Turnover in the Commission and the Council can undercut throughput legitimacy; there is no evidence for such an effect in the Parliament.
Contraction $\mathcal{L}_1$-Adaptive Control using Gaussian Processes.

We present $\mathcal{CL}_1$-$\mathcal{GP}$, a control framework that enables safe simultaneous learning and control for systems subject to uncertainties. The two main constituents are contraction theory-based $\mathcal{L}_1$ ($\mathcal{CL}_1$) control and Bayesian learning in the form of Gaussian process (GP) regression. The $\mathcal{CL}_1$ controller ensures that control objectives are met while providing safety certificates. Furthermore, $\mathcal{CL}_1$-$\mathcal{GP}$ incorporates any available data into a GP model of uncertainties, which improves performance and enables the motion planner to achieve optimality safely. This way, the safe operation of the system is always guaranteed, even during the learning transients. We provide a few illustrative examples for the safe learning and control of planar quadrotor systems in a variety of environments.
Thoughts on Directed Verdicts and Summary Judgments

In "actions at common law," issues of historical fact, and some applications of law to fact (for example, negligence) are ordinarily left to jury decision upon request of either party. This practice represents in part a conviction that on such matters the judge's legal training gives him no special competence and that the collective judgment of persons relatively representative of the community is preferable. Yet we do not allow the jury complete freedom even on these issues, and for good reason. To permit a jury to find the facts contrary to overwhelming evidence, or upon wholly insufficient evidence, would license juries to undermine the law. Thus, modern practice permits the judge to direct a verdict, or to enter a judgment notwithstanding the verdict, if on the evidence presented "there can be but one conclusion . . . that reasonable men could have reached."' On its face this standard appears highly subjective but straightforward: the judge is not to substitute his judgment for that of the jury; he is not to intervene except in extreme cases; but he is to see to it that the jury does not abuse its power. For example, one might think that the rule stated above would not permit a jury to find a traffic light green if forty bishops testified it was not, or a debt unpaid in the face of a signed receipt without evidence of fraud or the like. But the familiar textbook case of Simblest v. Maynard2 shows that the rule is by no means as simple as it appears. Simblest referred to three divergent tests for determining whether a jury could reasonably find for the party against whom the
Halomethyl-metal compounds : LVII. A convenient synthesis of aryl(trifluoromethyl)mercury compounds☆

Abstract Phenyl(trifluoromethyl)mercury, a useful difluorocarbene precursor, is conveniently prepared by the sequence: HgO→Hg(O2CCF3)2→CF3HgO2CCF3→ CF3HgBr→PhHgCF3. The last step involves a substituent exchange reaction between CF3HgBr and diphenylmercury. Similar substituent exchanges between CF3HgI, CF3HgCl and CF3HgO2CCF3 and diphenylmercury are described. A recent report (J. Organometal. Chem., 36 (1972)227) that fluorophenyl(trifluoromethyl)mercury compounds can be prepared by decarboxylation of the respective fluorophenylmercuric trifluoroacetates in 1,2-dimethoxyethane at 60–70° is shown to be incorrect by comparison of the claimed products with authentic m- and p-FC6H4HgCF3 and FC6H4HgO2CCF3. 19F NMR data for a number of CF3—Hg compounds are reported.
Twitter takes wing in government: diffusion, roles, and management

Twitter use in government is creating entirely new online communities that defy traditional communication reach and organizational boundaries. The author demonstrates that Twitter occupies a new and quite possibly an essential space in electronic communications for governments to reach its constituents. Government agencies using Twitter find it is an effective, efficient, timely and valuable tool to get the word out. Twitter encourages contact between agencies and citizens and may encourage participant involvement. This contribution illustrates these developments utilizing four theories: Diffusion of Innovations, Social Influence, Social Presence and Collective Intelligence theories. Twitter diffusion and adoption patterns as well as roles in government are analyzed. It is demonstrated how Twitter can be utilized to manage and build relationships. A framework to assess the benefits and challenges is provided. Conclusions and comments about future research are offered.
Fracture criterion and. crack stability in grooved beam-like testpieces

In this paper, the fracture criterion for rectangular grooved beam-like testpieces under several loading conditions has been analysed using a simple beam-on-elastic foundation model. Experiments have shown that the model is adequate for describing quasi-static fracture in such test geometries. In addition, the crack stability conditions under both load-controlled and displacement-controlled testing machines are presented.
Space-Efficient, High-Performance Rank and Select Structures on Uncompressed Bit Sequences

Rank & select data structures are one of the fundamental building blocks for many modern succinct data structures. With the continued growth of massive-scale information services, the space efficiency of succinct data structures is becoming increasingly attractive in practice. In this paper, we re-examine the design of rank & select data structures from the bottom up, applying an architectural perspective to optimize their operation. We present our results in the form of a recipe for constructing space and time efficient rank & select data structures for a given hardware architecture. By adopting a cache-centric design approach, our rank & select structures impose space overhead as low as the most space-efficient, but slower, prior designs—only 3.2% and 0.39% extra space respectively—while offering performance competitive with the highest-performance prior designs.
Use of species-specific primers and PCR to measure the distributions of planktonic ciliates in coastal waters

We developed a method to extract environmental DNA and amplify target portions of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the ribosomal gene (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) from individual species of oligotrich and choreotrich ciliate microzooplankton. To date, we have lab- and field-tested primers specific to the tintinnid Favella ehrenbergii, the oligotrich Laboea strobila, and the choreotrich Strombidinopsis sp. For all three species, the primers were both species-specific (not producing PCR product from non-target DNA) and comprehensive (able to amplify from different populations of the target species). The method is both time-efficient and sensitive, compared with microscopy. In seawater samples amended with both target and non-target DNA, we were able to detect the targets at < 1 cell L−1. Some difficulties we encountered resulted from PCR-inhibitory compounds that co-extracted with the environmental DNA, and the rarity of the target DNA within natural plankton assemblages. Comparisons with microscopic counts were qualitatively similar to PCR (presence/absence of the species in different amounts of extract). We are evaluating ways to make the method fully quantitative by investigating the degree to which copy number for this gene may vary among individuals.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. A family case report.

Abstract Extremely little has been recorded in the literature on recurrent aphthous stomatitis which suggests a familial or genetic predisposition to the disease. Emotional factors may result from environmental factors and, as noted in a good portion of the literature, 1, 3, 6 may play an important role in recurrent aphthae. Studies using nonallergenic 8 diets point up the question of allergy as related to recurrent aphthae. Therefore, 1, 4, 7, 8 it is suggested that the cause of recurrent aphthae be interpreted in the light of recent evidence regarding allergic, auto-immune, emotional, bacteriologic, and genetic factors. It is further suggested that the role of inheritance, although not definitely elucidated in any study, may be greater in the predisposition to recurrent aphthous ulcerations than heretofore suggested.
Introduction to Immunology

The immune system is a complex network of components functioning to provide host defense. This network consists of immunologic cells and their products (e.g., interleukins and colony-stimulating factors), organs, tissues, complement, and major histocompatibility complex antigens. These components are organized into specific and nonspecific immune systems, the major functional activities of which include antigen presentation and cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
Social Factors: Isolation and Loneliness versus Social Activity

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to focus on these various aspects of social functioning that are not specifically related to family relationships or peer relationships. Social withdrawal is one aspect of disturbed social functioning that has been identified as a predictor of suicidality among adolescents. First, negative social functioning features are discussed in this chapter, including social withdrawal and isolation, alienation, and feelings of loneliness. Loneliness is a social functioning dimension that has been linked to suicidal behaviors in youth whereas alienation, a subjective feeling similar to loneliness, has also been associated with adolescent suicidal behavior. Although these features may represent somewhat overlapping constructs, research in each area is explained separately since these features of social functioning are typically measured in different ways. Second, we present research findings on adolescent's involvement in social activities; an aspect of social functioning that may buffer the teen against increased or continued suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Following the literature review, this chapter presents various strategies to assess social factors that are related to adolescent suicidal behavior.
Peyronie's Disease Plaque Calcification—Prevalence, Time to Identification, and Development of a New Grading Classification

Abstract Introduction Peyronie's disease (PD) is a connective tissue disorder of the penis in which a fibrous scar in the tunica albuginea can result in multiple penile deformities. Aim The study aims to investigate the prevalence and time to identification of plaque calcification (PC) in our PD patient population and whether stratification of calcification based on severity seen on ultrasound would serve as a predictor of treatment progression to surgery. Methods A retrospective review of 1,041 men presenting with PD from 1993 to 2009 was performed. Eight hundred thirty‐four underwent penile duplex ultrasound. Main Outcome Measures PC was graded as: grade 1 ( 0.3 cm, 1.5 cm; or ≥2 plaques >1.0 cm). A matched control group with noncalcified plaques (n = 236) was selected for comparison. Results Two hundred eighty‐four men (34%) were found to have PC noted on ultrasound, and 98 had fully documented dimensions of the PC. Forty‐one percent were found to have grade 1, 28% grade 2, and 32% grade 3. When analyzed by grade and progression to surgery, 23% of grade 1, 32% of grade 2, and 55% of grade 3 patients had surgery. Those with grade 3 PC were more likely to undergo surgical intervention for PD (OR 2.28 95% CI 1.07–4.86) and more likely to undergo a grafting procedure than control patients ( P Conclusions Men with PC are not more likely to undergo surgery than those without PC (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.58–1.57). PC is not uncommon, as it was found in 34% of our cohort. PC does not appear to be an indication of mature or stable disease, as it was identified by ultrasound in 37% of patients less than 12 months after onset of symptoms. Men with grade 3 PC have an increased likelihood of progression to surgical intervention and a higher likelihood of undergoing a grafting procedure. Levine L, Rybak J, Corder C, and Farrel MR. Peyronie's disease plaque calcification—prevalence, time to identification, and development of a new grading classification. J Sex Med 2013;10:3121–3128.
Equilibrium Credit Spreads and the Macroeconomy

Credit markets play an important role in the macroeconomy and credit market data is often used to predict future macroeconomic performance. In this paper we propose a tractable general equilibrium asset pricing model with heterogeneous firms that links movements in stock and bond markets to macroeconomic activity. The model suggests that movements in risk premia in corporate bond markets are an important determinant of aggregate fluctuations. We show that movements in credit and term spreads forecast recessions by predicting future movements in corporate investment. Endogenous movements in credit markets allow our model to match the observed conditional and unconditional movements in stock market returns and credit spreads with a reasonable amount of aggregate volatility.
Experiences of online harassment among emerging adults: emotional reactions and the mediating role of fear

Online harassment is a growing problem. Among college students, 43% report some experience receiving harassing messages. Previous research has shown negative online experiences to be typical among “emerging adults” (especially college students), and these incidents may be related to normative developmental behaviors, such as “on-again-off-again” romantic relationships. Study hypotheses were derived from previous research. Undergraduate student respondents (N = 342) were surveyed about their experiences with online harassment, emotional responses to online harassment, and their relationship with the sender of harassing messages. Findings suggest that online harassment is linked to issues of intimate partner violence. Those who were harassed by a partner reported feelings of depression and anxiety. Using a gendered framework to explore online harassment is warranted because young women who are 18 to 29 years of age have higher rates of intimate partner violence than other demographic groups. Findings sugges...
Educational and Occupational Aspirations of High School Seniors with Learning Disabilities

Using the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, this study investigated the educational and occupational aspirations of high school seniors with and without learning disabilities. Effect sizes showed practical differences between the aspirations of young people with learning disabilities and their peers without disabilities, with the latter holding higher aspirations—-for both educational and occupational outcomes. No practical differences were found for female versus male adolescents with learning disabilities. Adolescents with learning disabilities who aspired to a high school diploma or less, and those who aspired to an advanced college degree, espoused lower occupational aspirations than did their peers without disabilities.
Abstract 1721: BRD4 antagonist-based therapy exerts lethal activity against FLT3 mutation expressing AML cells resistant to FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors

The BET (bromodomain and extra terminal) protein antagonists, e.g., JQ1, disrupt the binding of the bromodomains of BRD4 to acetylated lysines, displacing the BET proteins, along with the associated transcript initiation and elongation factors, from the chromatin. JQ1 treatment also induces hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA)-inducible protein 1 (HEXIM1), which binds and sequesters pTEFb, thereby inhibiting its kinase activity for RNAP II. This inhibits the pause release of RNAP II, thereby attenuating the elongation and expression of the mRNA of oncogenes, e.g., c-MYC and BCL2, and their target genes, leading to growth inhibition and apoptosis of AML cells. Although the second generation FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as AC220 induce remissions in the aggressive sub-type of AML expressing FLT3 mutations, resistance-causing gatekeeper (F691I/L), activation loop (AL) (D835V/Y/F) or compound FLT3-ITD/F691I mutations are known to impair the in vitro and in vivo activity of the FLT3-TKIs. We have recently determined that JQ1, but not its inactive enantiomer R-JQ1 potently induced apoptosis of not only Ba/F3/FLT3-ITD but also Ba/F3/FLT3-ITD expressing the highly FLT3 TKI-resistant mutations F691L and D835V (IC 50 values for JQ1 were 697, 1588 and 909 nM, in the three cell lines, respectively). JQ1 dose-dependently induced apoptosis of human cultured AML MOLM13 and MV4-11 cells, as well as of primary AML cells, all expressing FLT3-ITD. Concomitantly, JQ1 treatment attenuated c-MYC, BCL2 and CDK6, while inducing p21, p27, BIM and cleaved PARP levels. Following engraftment of NOD/SCID mice with MOLM13 xenografts, treatment with JQ1 (50 mg/kg, daily x 5 days per week x 3 weeks), versus treatment with vehicle control, significantly improved survival of the mice (p 50-fold resistance to AC220. As compared to the parental MOLM13, the TKI-resistant cells express higher levels of BRD4, c-MYC and class I HDACs. Importantly, as compared to the parental MOLM13, the MOLM13/TKIR cells were significantly more sensitive to JQ1-induced apoptosis (p Citation Format: Melissa Rodriguez, Warren Fiskus, Sunil Sharma, Jun Qi, Leasha J. Schaub, Bhavin Shah, Santhana G.T. Devaraj, Ka Liu, Swaminathan Iyer, James E. Bradner, Kapil N. Bhalla. BRD4 antagonist-based therapy exerts lethal activity against FLT3 mutation expressing AML cells resistant to FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1721. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1721
The Skinny on Body Dissatisfaction: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Girls and Boys

The present study tested whether theoretically derived risk factors predicted increases in body dissatisfaction and whether gender moderated these relations with data from a longitudinal study of 428 adolescent girls and boys because few prospective studies have examined these aims, despite evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for various psychiatric disturbances. Body dissatisfaction showed significant increases for girls and significant decreases for boys during early adolescence. For both genders parental support deficits, negative affectivity, and self-reported dietary restraint, but not Ideal body internalization, body mass index, and eating pathology, showed significant relations to future increases in body dissatisfaction; peer support deficits showed a marginal relation to this outcome. Gender did not moderate these relations, despite adequate power to detect interactive effects.
Development of OSIMS: an Oil Spill Information Management System

Abstract This paper presents the architectural design of OSIMS (Oil Spill Information Management System), which is an integrated information management tool consisting of an object-relational database management system, an intelligent decision support system, an advanced visualization system (AVS) and a geographic information system (GIS). OSIMS will handle large and diverse databases of environmental, ecological, geographical, engineering, and regulatory information and will be used for risk analysis and contingency planning.
Selected Bibliography of Recent Monographs in Adult Education

The purpose of this selected bibliography is to provide librarians with up‐to‐date information on monographs in the field of adult education. This bibliography relates to adult learning, with a focus on higher education, work‐related training, and professional development. Works dealing with adult learning strategies, adult development, and informal learning are included. Mentoring is also considered, both in higher education and in the workplace. This bibliography does not, however, cover the topics of literacy or English as a second language. The focus is on works that relate to the United States, but a few notable additions consider the global need for adult education and how that need is being met.
The Effect of Free Surface on the Vortex Shedding From Inclined Circular Cylinders

Spectral analysis of laser Doppler velocimetry measurements and flow visualization are employed to study the wake of inclined cylinders piercing a free surface. The results indicate that the free surface affects vortex shedding almost two to three cylinder diameters below the free surface. Variation of the vortex axis inclination and cells of shedding were visually observed. These effects induce a phase difference in the vortex-shedding mechanism. Streamwise vortical structures are formed along the primary vortex axis. Furthermore, for the case of the highest Froude number, evidence is provided that vortex shedding is suppressed in the region near the free surface.
Visceral-Locomotory Pistoning in Crawling Caterpillars

Animals with an open coelom do not fully constrain internal tissues, and changes in tissue or organ position during body movements cannot be readily discerned from outside of the body. This complicates modeling of soft-bodied locomotion, because it obscures potentially important changes in the center of mass as a result of internal tissue movements. We used phase-contrast synchrotron X-ray imaging and transmission light microscopy to directly visualize internal soft-tissue movements in freely crawling caterpillars. Here we report a novel visceral-locomotory piston in crawling Manduca sexta larvae, in which the gut slides forward in advance of surrounding tissues. The initiation of gut sliding is synchronous with the start of the terminal prolegs' swing phase, suggesting that the animal's center of mass advances forward during the midabdominal prolegs' stance phase and is therefore decoupled from visible translations of the body. Based on synchrotron X-ray data and transmission light microscopy results, we present evidence for a two-body mechanical system with a nonlinear elastic gut that changes size and translates between the anterior and posterior of the animal. The proposed two-body system--the container and the contained--is unlike any form of legged locomotion previously reported and represents a new feature in our emerging understanding of crawling.
Developing, Generalizing, and Maintaining Physical Fitness in Mentally Retarded Adults: Toward a Self-Directed Program.

Abstract The present study evaluated a physical fitness program with external control and self-directed components for use with mildly and moderately retarded adults in a sheltered workshop situation. A multiple-baseline design across three groups was used to assess the effectiveness of this program for producing, generalizing, and maintaining the participant's attendance and use of an exercise program in a nontraining setting. In addition, physical fitness, as measured through a variety of physiological (weight, blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skinfold) and general performance tests, was systematically evaluated. Moreover, the accuracy of participant self-monitoring and self-reinforcement, two program components, was assessed during the exercise period in the nontraining setting. Results indicated that the subjects could be taught accurate self-monitoring and self-reinforcement, that marked changes in exercise behavior occurred during the treatment and maintenance conditions, and that there were some changes in the other indices of fitness. Issues relating to the efficiency and general acceptability of the program, the contributions of the external and self-directed components of the training package, and the development of future physical fitness programs were discussed.
Interpretation of triose phosphate isomerase isozymes in the cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.).

Detailed interpretation of triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) isozymes in seed plants has been restricted to only a few species. Three sets of TPI bands are regularly observed in the cherimoya(Annona cherimola), a primitive angiosperm. The slowest, set I, is expressed as one or three bands; the second-slowest set II, as one or two bands; and the fastest, set IV, as one or three bands. A faint set III, just cathodal to set IV, is detected rarely with overstaining. Set IV bands are expressed in macerated extracted pollen but not in pollen leachate. Dissociation-reassociation experiments reveal that the set II bands are heterodimers involving, in part, the enzymes involved in the set I bands. These data combined with those from full-sib progeny analysis lead us to propose a three-locus model to explain the TPI isozyme banding patterns in cherimoya. Sets I and IV consist of the allelic products of individual, single loci. Sets I and II occur in the cytoplasm. Set IV occurs in organelles. Set II isozymes are the intergenic heterodimers of the locus coding for set I and the locus coding for set III. Our results reported here are contrasted with the TPI isozyme patterns known for other vascular plants and suggest that the locus coding for set III may be a duplication of very ancient origin.
Engaging Truant Adolescents: Results From a Multifaceted Intervention Pilot

A truancy intervention pilot project was implemented in an urban high school and incorporated two innovative approaches: (a) student enrollment in a school-based health center for comprehensive health services, and (b) recruitment of teachers from within the students' school to engage in mentored relationships. Students with 15 or more days of unexcused absences the preceding year were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 37) or intervention group (n = 66). Of students assigned to the intervention group, 29 consented and participated in the intervention, whereas 37 could not be enrolled. All students were in serious academic difficulty and at risk for dropping out of school: 65% were failing 6 of 8 classes and 78% were absent from class for 41 or more days during the semester prior to intervention. Students in the intervention group demonstrated a significantly greater probability of remaining in school than students in the control group (p = .027).
Electrochemically Induced Uptake and Release of Iron by Recombinant Horse H‐Chain Ferritin Covalently Immobilized on 6‐Mercaptohexanoic Acid Modified Gold Electrodes

Ferritin composed entirely of the H-chain subunit (rHF) was studied to determine whether electrochemical potential alone could induce rHF to take up or release iron. Horse rHF was expressed in E. coli, purified, and covalently immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer of 6-mercaptohexanoic acid on gold electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to show that iron was released from rHF following electrochemical reduction, and iron uptake was induced by applying an oxidizing potential to rHF in the presence of ferrous ion.
Unmasking Thieves: From Polygraph to Paper

In the United States of America many employers use a polygragh and other tests to attempt to ascertain the honesty of potential employees. The history of polygraph testing with all the associated difficulties is examined, as is the validity of these tests. The evidence suggests that is not difficult to fake the results.
Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Poultry Litter Biomass Ash Residues for Turkeys

Abstract Four samples of turkey litter ash residue (produced in fluidized-bed reactor) have been evaluated for phosphorus bioavailability utilizing a turkey growth assay with bone ash as the response criterion. Availabilities obtained were 80.6, 87.5, 77.6, and 72.4% in comparison to availability from calcium phosphate monobasic monohydrate at 100. Although the values with the litter ash supplements were significantly (P
Long-term potentiation during whole-cell recording in rat hippocampal slices.

Abstract Factors involved in the production of long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices were examined using whole-cell voltage clamp recordings. The pairing of postsynaptic membrane depolarization with tetanic stimulation produced a reliable long-lasting enhancement of synaptic currents provided that the pairing was performed within 15 min after establishing intracellular contact. This time could be extended to 30 min by including adenosine triphosphate and guanosine triphosphate in the recording pipette. Once established, the potentiation persisted for 3 h or more. The washout of long-term potentiation generating ability was not correlated with a rundown in baseline synaptic currents or in the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor-mediated component of synaptic responses, but followed a time course similar to the loss of calcium spikes. Long-term potentiation could be reliably produced by depolarizing the postsynaptic membrane to −40 or − 20 mV during the tetanus, but decreased when the membrane was held at membrane potentials greater than 0mV. At − 20 mV, 50 μM 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate blocked the potentiation but this agent was ineffective at +40 mV. In contrast, 50 μM verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, failed to alter long-term potentiation at −20 mV but blocked the enhancement at +40mV. These results suggest that whole-cell recording causes a washout of postsynaptic factors important in the initiation of long-term potentiation. However, these factors are less important in maintaining the potentiation. Furthermore, depending on the postsynaptic membrane potential during tetanic stimulation, voltage-gated calcium channels contribute to CA1 long-term potentiation.
Shape from a single view using matching method

Abstract A proposed method for estimating shape of an object using only one image of it is introduced. This method depends on matching each point in object image with another point in a standard object image. The image formation system should be the same for both the standard object and the unknown object. Also, the surface reflectance properties should be the same for the two objects. The surface of the standard object should have all types of surface orientations. The validity of the method is tested using synthetic images; the experimental results are also discussed.
TUNNELING OF MIXED DUMBBELLS IN Al-Zn

Evidence for the caged mixed dumbbell configuration for the interstitial impurity complex is obtained from the polarization and annealing dependence of the ultrasonic diaelastic and paraelastic response in irradiated aluminum with zinc impurities. From the temperature dependence of the relaxation time, it can be deduced that the complex tunnels between equivalent configurations.
MC-QCISD: Multi-coefficient correlation method based on quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations

This paper presents a multi-coefficient correlation method based on quadratic configuration interaction with single and double excitations (MC-QCISD) and basis sets using segmented contraction and having the same exponential parameters in the s and p spaces. The results are comparable to a previous multi-coefficient correlation method based on coupled cluster theory with less efficient correlation-consistent basis sets, and they are better than a previous multi-coefficient correlation method based on Moller−Plesset fourth order perturbation theory with single, double, and quadruple excitations with correlation-consistent basis functions. The mean unsigned error per bond of the MC-QCISD method is 0.72 kcal/mol. The new method should be very efficient for computing geometries of open-shell transition states.
Processing of metaphoric language: An investigation of the three-stage model of metaphor comprehension

Recent experiments that have compared processing of metaphoric and literal language in light of the three-stage model have methodological weaknesses. The study reported in this paper was designed to circumvent these weaknesses. Findings of this study demonstrated longer reading times for metaphors when compared to literals. This result lends support to the three-stage model and to the possibility that serial processing occurs during metaphor comprehension.
Feasibility of Pathways for Transfer of Acyl Groups from Mitochondria to the Cytosol to Form Short Chain Acyl-CoAs in the Pancreatic Beta Cell

The mitochondria of pancreatic beta cells are believed to convert insulin secretagogues into products that are translocated to the cytosol where they participate in insulin secretion. We studied the hypothesis that short chain acyl-CoA (SC-CoAs) might be some of these products by discerning the pathways of SC-CoA formation in beta cells. Insulin secretagogues acutely stimulated 1.5–5-fold increases in acetoacetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA), and acetyl-CoA in INS-1 832/13 cells as judged from liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry measurements. Studies of 12 relevant enzymes in rat and human pancreatic islets and INS-1 832/13 cells showed the feasibility of at least two redundant pathways, one involving acetoacetate and the other citrate, for the synthesis SC-CoAs from secretagogue carbon in mitochondria and the transfer of their acyl groups to the cytosol where the acyl groups are converted to SC-CoAs. Knockdown of two key cytosolic enzymes in INS-1 832/13 cells with short hairpin RNA supported the proposed scheme. Lowering ATP citrate lyase 88% did not inhibit glucose-induced insulin release indicating citrate is not the only carrier of acyl groups to the cytosol. However, lowering acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase 80% partially inhibited glucose-induced insulin release indicating formation of SC-CoAs from acetoacetate in the cytosol is important for insulin secretion. The results indicate beta cells possess enzyme pathways that can incorporate carbon from glucose into acetyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, and succinyl-CoA and carbon from leucine into these three SC-CoAs plus HMG-CoA in their mitochondria and enzymes that can form acetyl-CoA, acetoacetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and HMG-CoA in their cytosol.
Endoluminal ultrasound staging of cervical cancer

Clinical staging of cervical cancer is incorrect in approximately one-third of patients who undergo surgical staging. Pretreatment laparotomy is the staging method of choice for patients with cervical cancer at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. We performed transabdominal, transvaginal, and transrectal ultrasound staging on 12 patients. In 5 of 6 patients undergoing radical hysterectomy, clinical ultrasound and surgical staging were consistent. One patient could not tolerate rectal probe sonography. Ultrasound staging was correct in 1 of 6 patients with advanced disease. A new technique of cervical imaging with transrectal ultrasound and vaginal douche is described. We believe it unlikely that ultrasound will improve the accuracy of clinical staging in patients with cervical cancer.