cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cost-Effectiveness Index (CEI): A tool to help evaluate mental health programs

A method for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of mental health programs is presented. The method takes into account the profile of mental health services a patient receives, the frequency of each service and the relative costs of each service in relation to the change in a patient's clinical condition between entrance into and release from a treatment program. It can also be used to assess change over a specified time period. An example compares the cost-effectiveness index (CEI) for similar cohorts of schizophrenia patients treated in two 24-hour acute care psychiatric systems. The CEI can use either actual dollar costs, if known, or a relative value scale associated with different services. Its utility and weaknesses are discussed. The CEI is designed to alert management to differences in the relative cost-effectiveness of programs serving populations of similar patients. Identification of such differences can contribute to improvement in program functioning.
“commitment” in American marriage: a cultural analysis

On the basis of syntax, metaphorical usages, formulaic language, and the senses of utterances, it is argued that American interviewees use the key word “commitment” in the context of marriage both in a general, superordinate sense and in three subordinate polysemous senses, of PROMISE, DEDICATION, and ATTACHMENT. These three polysemous senses are related in a culturally shared scenario for American marriage—the story of the speech act that initiates it, and the entailments of this act: a state of intentionality, and an emotional relationship to another person. [American marriage, knowledge structures, scenario word, polysemy, cultural knowledge, goals]
Computer aided facility layout: an interactive multi-goal approach

Abstract This paper describes an interactive multi-goal approach for combining the quantitative and qualitative aspects of facility layout. The two objectives which may be conflicting are minimizing the materials handling cost and maximizing a closeness rating measure. Assuming that the decision maker is capable of responding to a paired comparison of alternatives, an interactive algorithm is developed that iteratively reduces the feasible space of the decision maker's weighing factor that combines the two goals. The algorithm stops when the predetermined bounds on the weighing factor are reached, and/or the optimality criteria is reached. A graphical method is presented that helps analyze the sensitivity of the optimum layout to small variations in the estimated value of the decision maker's preferred weight. Few examples are presented, and conclusions are made.
Involvement of H-2 locus in a multigenically-determined immune response.

IT has been known for a number of years that specific immune responses can be under genetic control. In some cases the immunological phenotype is controlled by a single Mendelian genetic factor1–3, while in other cases a more complex mode of inheritance determines the animal's ability to mount a specific immune response4–7. An intriguing feature of this line of investigation is that in many cases a gene controlling a specific immune response is genetically linked to a histocompatibility locus3,8–13. We now report that a specific immune response which has been shown to be under complex genetic control7 can be explained by the segregation of two genetic loci, one of which is closely linked or identical to the H-2 locus.
Mechanism of chloroform-induced renal toxicity: Non-involvement of hepatic cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism

Chloroform causes hepatic and renal toxicity in a number of species. In vitro studies have indicated that chloroform can be metabolized by P450 enzymes in the kidney to nephrotoxic intermediate, although direct in vivo evidence for the role of renal P450 in the nephrotoxicity has not been reported. This study was to determine whether chloroform renal toxicity persists in a mouse model with a liver-specific deletion of the P450 reductase (Cpr) gene (liver-Cpr-null). Chloroform-induced renal toxicity and chloroform tissue levels were compared between the liver-Cpr-null and wild-type mice at 24 h following differing doses of chloroform. At a chloroform dose of 150 mg/kg, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were five times higher in the exposed group than in the vehicle-treated one for the liver-Cpr-null mice, but they were only slightly higher in the exposed group than in the vehicle-treated group for the wild-type mice. Severe lesions were found in the kidney of the liver-Cpr-null mice, while only mild lesions were found in the wild-type mice. At a chloroform dose of 300 mg/kg, severe kidney lesions were observed in both strains, yet the BUN levels were still higher in the liver-Cpr-null than in the wild-type mice. Higher chloroform levels were found in the tissues of the liver-Cpr-null mice. These findings indicated that loss of hepatic P450-dependent chloroform metabolism does not protect against chloroform-induced renal toxicity, suggesting that renal P450 enzymes play an essential role in chloroform renal toxicity.
Ultraviolet photoemission studies of acetylene and ethylene adsorptions on the Pt(111) surface: Correlations with LEED studies

Abstract The chemisorption of acetylene and ethylene on platinum (111) surfaces for T ≥ 300 K has been studied with ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) at 21.2 eV. An activated metastable-stable acetylene transition observed recently in low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensity-energy profiles has been seen with the UPS spectra. The upperlying electronic levels of the metastable acetylene state are related to a shifted gas-phase acetylene spectrum. The stable acetylene state appears to involve a stronger molecule-surface interaction and probable rehybridization, consistent with the LEED analysis showing the molecule to be situated in a triangular position at covalent Pt-C distances. Ethylene is founf to dehydrogenate at room temperature to the stable acetylene species on Pt(111) surfaces.
The decay of confined vortex rings

Vortex rings are produced during the ejection of fluid through a nozzle or orifice, which occurs in a wide range of biological conditions such as blood flow through the valves of the heart or through arterial constrictions. Confined vortex ring dynamics, such as these, have not been previously studied despite their occurrence within the biological flow conditions mentioned. In this work, we investigate laminar vortex rings using particle image velocimetry and develop a new semi-empirical model for the evolution of vortex ring circulation subject to confinement. Here we introduce a decay parameter β which exponentially grows with increasing vortex ring confinement ratio, the ratio of the vortex ring diameter (DVR) to the confinement diameter (D), with the relationship \(\beta=4.38 \exp(9.5D_{\rm VR}/D),\) resulting in a corresponding increase in the rate of vortex ring circulation decay. This work enables the prediction of circulation decay rate based on confinement, which is important to understanding naturally occurring confined vortex ring dynamics.
Acupuncture for the Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Hormone Suppression Treatment

Vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, etc.) are common debilitating side effects of anti-estrogen treatment inconventional breast cancer care. Hormone replacement therapy, normally used in postmenopausal women to treat these symptoms,is contraindicated in breast cancer patients. The antidepressant, venlafaxine (Effexor), a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is currently the pharmacological therapy of choice for these hot flashes. However, many women refuse this treatment approach because of potential side effects that include sexual dysfunction and nausea, or they simply do not want to take any more medication. This randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the hypothesis that acupuncture reduces vasomotor symptoms in breast cancer patients receiving hormonal therapy and produces fewer side effects than venlafaxine.
Evaluating the Relationship between Permeability and Moisture Damage of Asphalt Concrete Pavements

AbstractLimiting the presence of water inside an asphalt concrete (AC) pavement can slow down the process involved in water diffusion, hydration, adhesion loss, and other mechanisms of moisture damage. In the past, numerous studies have been conducted on the topic of moisture damage and permeability, but very few studies have related permeability with moisture damage in AC. This study evaluates whether such relation exists. In essence, a field survey is conducted to identify a set of pavements (bad) that suffer from moisture damage and a set of pavements (good) that do not exhibit moisture damage. Field permeability tests and coring are conducted on the pavements. Laboratory permeability tests are performed on the field cores. An indirect tensile strength ratio (TSR) of wet- to dry-conditioned core samples is determined in the laboratory and used as a moisture damage potential parameter. Wet conditioning is performed by using a recently developed moisture-induced sensitivity test (MIST) device and a well-...
Reduction of methemerythrin-anion adducts by dithionite ion.

Abstract The reduction by dithionite ion (in excess) of methemerythrin-anion adducts, Hr + X − , to deoxyhemerythrin, Hr°, has been examined at 25° and pH 6.3 and 8.2. The results accord with the scheme: With X − = Br − , HCO 2 − , CNO − , and F − , k 2 [SO 2 − ] 〉 k 1 [X − ], and the pseudo first-order rate constant, k obs (= k −1 ), is independent of [X − ] and [S 2 O 4 2− ]. Only with X − = NCS − is k 2 [SO 2 − ] ∼ k 1 [X − ] and k obs = a[S 2 O 4 2− ] sol1 2 ( b [NCS − ] + [S 2 O 4 2− ] sol1 2 ) −1 . Values at pH 6.3 of k −1 (sec −1 ) and k 1 (M −1 sec −1 ), obtained by anation and anion displacement reactions, are 2.3 × 10 −3 , 1.6 × 10 −2 (Br − ); 1.5 × 10 −3 , 1.2 × 10 −2 (HCO 2 − ); 1.3 × 10 −4 , 0.52 (CNO − ) and ∼2 × 10 −4 , 3.3 × 10 −3 (CN − , pH 7.0). Values of k −1 from reduction and displacement methods are in good agreement with each other. The value of k 2 (1.6 × 10 5 M −1 sec −1 , pH 6.3) is somewhat smaller than that for reduction of the met form of hemoproteins. There is only a small effect of pH on rates. Direct reduction of Hr + CN − does not occur, in contrast with Mb + CN − .
Optimal robustness in noniterative learning

If M given training patterns are not extremely similar, the analog N-vectors representing them are generally separable in the N-space. Then a one-layered binary perceptron containing P neurons (P equals >log2M) is generally sufficient to do the pattern recognition job. The connection matrix between the input (linear) layer and the neuron layer can be calculated in a noniterative manner. Real-time pattern recognition experiments implementing this theoretical result were reported in this and other national conferences last year. It is demonstrated in these experiments that the noniterative training is very fast, (can be done in real time), and the recognition of the untrained patterns is very robust and very accurate. The present paper concentrates at the theoretical foundation of this noniteratively trained perceptron. The theory starts from an N-dimension Euclidean-geometry approach. An optimally robust learning scheme is then derived. The robustness and the speed of this optimal learning scheme are to be compared with those of the conventional iterative learning schemes. © (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Thickening behaviour of γ' precipitates in nickel base superalloys during rafting

Directional coarsening (rafting) OF {gamma}{prime} precipitates in nickel base superalloys occurs when these materials are subjected to stresses at high temperature. The mechanisms responsible for this coarsening have been extensively studied in recent years. None of the models distinguish the effects of Ostwald ripening from those caused by directional coalescence. In this paper, both mechanisms are considered to contribute to the rafting process in separate ways, and a phenomenological description of the thickening behavior of {gamma}{prime} precipitates during rafting is formulated to explain experimental data reported in the literature. The practical implications are briefly discussed.
GROUND-STATE PROPERTIES OF THE DOPED THREE-LEG T-J LADDER

Results for a doped three-leg $t$-$J$ ladder obtained using the density-matrix renormalization group are reported. At low hole doping, the holes form a dilute gas with a uniform density. The momentum occupation of the odd band shows a sharp decrease at a large value of ${k}_{F}$ similar to the behavior of a lightly doped $t$-$J$ chain, while the even modes appear gapped. The spin-spin correlations decay as a power law consistent with the absence of a spin gap, but the pair-field correlations are negligible. At larger doping we find evidence for a spin gap and as $x$ increases further we find three-hole diagonal domain walls. In this regime there are significant pair-field correlations and the internal pair orbital has ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$-like symmetry.
Self-Regulated Strategy Instruction in College Developmental Writing.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a curriculum for college developmental writing classes, developed in prior design research and based on self-regulated strategy instruction. Students learned strategies for planning, drafting, and revising compositions with an emphasis on using knowledge of genre organization to guide planning and self-evaluation. In addition to specific writing strategies, students learned strategies for self-regulation. This quasi-experimental study involved 13 instructors and 276 students in 19 developmental writing classes at 2 universities. The curriculum was taught for a full semester in 9 classes and compared with a business-as-usual control condition in 10 classes. Significant positive effects were found for overall quality of writing on a persuasive essay (ES = 1.22), and for length (ES = .71), but not for grammar. Significant positive effects were also found for self-efficacy and mastery motivation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Selective Population of Excited States during Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence with 10-Methylphenothiazine

Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of 10-methylphenothiazine (10MP) is demonstrated using the radical cation of 10MP and a variety of radical anions which provided a range of energies from insufficient to form the triplet state of 10MP through sufficient to form the first excited singlet state. When naphthalene was used as the radical anion, the reaction was sufficiently energetic to populate the singlet state of 10MP and the expected spectrum was obtained. When benzophenone was used as the radical anion, the sufficiency of the reaction energy depended upon the dielectric constant of the solvent. At high values (e = 20) the reaction was energy insufficient and no emission was observed, but at low values (e = 7) the reaction was sufficiently energetic to populate the triplet and emission was observed at wavelengths significantly longer than that of the excited singlet. Identical emission from 10MP was formed with the radical anion of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. The emission results were inconsistent wit...
Micromethods for the spectrophotometric determination of bacterial protease activities

Abstract Microassays for the spectrophotometric determination of bacterial proteases were developed using congo red elastin, a substrate specific for elastolytic activity, and hide powder azure, a substrate sensitive to more general proteolytic activity. The small reaction volume (0.1 ml) allows incubation, filtration and quantitation to be carried out in 96 well microassay plates. Using a simple spin filtration device constructed from microassay plates a large number (768) of microassays can be filtered simultaneously. The microassays are particularly useful for screening large numbers of bacterial colonies for proteolytic mutants since they allow the rapid and efficient handling of multiple samples. These assays also permit the qualitative estimation of enzyme levels.
Optimizing the implementation of the PARAFAC method for near-real time calibration of excitation-emission fluorescence analysis

A field-portable, single-exposure excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorometer is used in conjunction with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) for sub-ppb polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) determinations in the presence of spectral interferents. Several strategies for bringing multiway calibration methods such as PARAFAC into the field were explored. It was shown that automated methods of PARAFAC model selection can be as effective as manual selection. In addition, it was found that there is not always a single best model to employ for prediction. Second, the effect that reducing data density by systematically decreasing calibration set size and spectral resolution has on PARAFAC speed and prediction accuracy was investigated. By decreasing data density, the computational intensity of the PARAFAC algorithm can be reduced to increase the plausibility of on-the-fly data analysis. It was found that reducing eight sample PAH calibration sets to two or three calibration standards significantly decreased computation intensity yet generated adequate predictions. It was also found that spectral resolution can be decreased to reach an optimal compromise between calibration accuracy and analysis speed while minimizing instrumental requirements. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A surprising histological evolution of preterm sacrococcygeal teratoma

In fetuses with sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCT), the development of hydrops is a harbinger of imminent fetal demise. In such instances, tumor debulking, either at fetal surgery or postnatally after urgent cesarean section, may prove lifesaving. Definitive SCT resection is carried out in the newborn period when the infant has stabilized. In five such patients, retrospective comparison of the SCT histological findings from the initial debulking procedure and later definitive resection or, in one case, autopsy results, showed a surprising change. After the initial debulking procedure, SCT histology findings from three patients were grade 3 immature teratoma without malignant elements, and in two patients grade 3 immature teratoma with nests of malignant yolk sac elements. In the three patients having grade 3 immature tumor without malignant elements, histological examination after definitive resection (two cases) and autopsy (one case) showed only fibrosis; there was no evidence of the SCT despite the fact that residual tumor had clearly been left at the initial debulking. In the patients in whom the initial histology finding was grade 3 immature with malignant elements, SCT histology results from the definitive resection showed grade 3 immature teratoma without malignancy in one case, and mature, benign tissue in the other. Preterm SCT debulking may induce tumor maturation or, alternatively, maturation of SCT that occurs naturally during gestation may be observed.
Human Nature and Sustainable Development: A Strategic Challenge for Planners:

Sustainable development has been accepted as a conceptual framework for local planning. However, there continues to be difficulty incorporating the full range of its components (i.e., balanced consideration of environment, economy, and equity) into local planning in the form of policies and programs. Apart of the reason for this difficulty is the continuing competition between two worldviews, the expansionist and ecological. The author proposes the incremental integration of the two worldviews through an overall strategy of action and the use of a decision model that incorporates project and context information to identify appropriate method and role. As the ecological worldview becomes more institutionalized, it is likely that its components will be increasingly reflected in community development strategies.
Field induced decoupling of non-fermi liquids?

We have performed angular-dependent magnetotransport studies along the least conductingc direction on (TMTSF)2 PF 6 under 10 kbar pressure at temperatures down to 0.5K. The set of studies involved rotations of a magnetic field in thebc plane in the “normal” metallic state. We found the existence of two different regimes for the angular dependence of magnetoresistance at low and high fields, with the former corresponding to the classical limit and the latter showing power law dependence on the field perpendicular to the conducting planes. This suggests the existence of incoherent inter-layer hopping between non-Fermi liquids once the critical field is exceeded.
El asta de la lanza: los mecanismos de financiación de la guerra durante el reinado de Alfonso XI (1312-1350)

To understand how it was possible for Alfonso XI to triumph militarily over his enemies, it is not enough to look at his courage, leadership and military strategies and tactics. One also has to study in depth the mechanisms he used to cover the high costs of his multiple campaigns and ordinary defense costs. In addition to the Crown’s regular fiscal resources and those taxes specifically related to warfare, Alfonso came to depend more and more on extraordinary levies, like monedas foreras, servicios, alcabalas, the temporary suspension of fiscal exemptions at the local level, the wealth of the Church, loans, and the sale of parts of the royal patrimony. These financial mechanisms opened up new sources of revenue to feed his military ambitions and truly constituted one of the most fundamental reasons for Alfonso’s success as a monarch and commander.
Hybridization and Introgression between Bread Wheat and Wild and Weedy Relatives in North America

Introgression between cultivars and wild relatives is common in several angiosperm taxa including the grass family Poaceae. Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a domesticated allohexaploid species (genome formula BBAADD) without any known wild hexaploid relative in the genus Triticum. Bread wheat is also related to the genus Aegilops L., which has probably contributed two of the three genomes of bread wheat. A few tetraploid Aegilops species, including Ae. cylindrica Host. and Ae. triuncialis L., occur as weeds both in the Mediterranean basin and in West Asia. Introduced populations of these weeds are also known to occur in North America. These species have been known to introgress occasionally with bread wheat when grown near wheat fields. Similarly, rye (Secale cereale L.), a species from a distant genus, has a potential to introgress with bread wheat. A few natural introgressive hybrids between herbicide resistant wheat and Ae. cylindrica and between wheat and rye have been created or recovered in North America. Natural hybrids between wheat and Ae. triuncialis have not been observed in North America. The available data do not suggest the prevalence of large-scale introgression between bread wheat and its wild relatives in North America. Nevertheless, with modern bread wheat cultivars being developed with novel traits, such as herbicide and disease resistance, an in-depth evaluation of the extent and nature of introgression between weedy Aegilops or Secale species and bread wheat is useful both for assessing potential ecological risks that may be associated with trait presence in hybrids and for formulating strategies to manage gene transfer to hybrids. In this review, we discuss the existing literature on reproductive ecology of bread wheat and on introgression between bread wheat and its wild relatives in the genera Aegilops and Secale that occur in North America. We also discuss the implications of introgression in consideration of the current and possible future development of transgenic wheat.
Neurologic Manifestations of Angelman Syndrome

Angelman syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder characterized by the loss or reduction of the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A enzyme. Angelman syndrome results from a deletion or mutation of the maternally inherited 15q11.2-13.1 region, paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15, or an imprinting error. Epilepsy is common and may present with multiple seizure types, including nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Seizures are often intractable and typically require broad-spectrum antiepileptic medications. Dietary therapy has also proved successful in Angelman syndrome. Electroencephalographic patterns include notched δ and rhythmic θ activity and epileptiform discharges. Sleep disorders are also common, often characterized by abnormal sleep-wake cycles. Movement disorders are nearly universal in Angelman syndrome, most frequently presenting with ataxia and tremor. Neurocognitive impairment is always present to varying degrees, and expressive speech is typically severely affected. Individuals with Angelman syndrome often manifest psychiatric comorbidities including hyperactivity, anxiety, and challenging behaviors such as aggression and self-injury. We focus on a comprehensive whole-child approach to the diagnosis and long-term clinical care of individuals with Angelman syndrome.
Locus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of centrally administered clonidine but not morphine.

The nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) has been implicated in the descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive dorsal horn neurons, spinal nociceptive reflexes and in the antinociception produced by morphine. To further explore the involvement of the LC in antinociception, bilateral electrolytic lesions in the LC were made in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Lesions in the LC did not alter the antinociception produced by morphine (2.5 and 5 μg) administered in the periaqueductal gray in either the tail-flick (TF) or hot-plate (HP) tests when tested 7 and 14 days after the lesions. Baseline nociceptive thresholds in the TF and HP tests likewise were not affected at 7 or 14 days post-lesion. In contrast, the antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered intrathecally on day 13 post-lesion was enhanced significantly in the TF test; the antinociceptive ED50 of the LC lesion group was 0.52 μg whereas that of the sham lesion group was 2.29 μg. The antinociceptive potency of clonidine administered systemically (750 and 500 μg/kg, s.c.) was also enhanced in the LC lesion group in the TF but not the HP test. Norepinephrine (NE) in the lumbar spinal cord was correlated negatively and significantly with the extent of destruction of the LC. The lumbar spinal content of NE was reduced maximally at 12 days post-lesion (56% of control). The binding of [3H]clonidine in the lumbar spinal cord was slightly greater in the LC lesion than sham lesion group; the Bmax values were 42.4 fmol/mg protein and 35.5 fmol/mg protein for the LC lesion and sham lesion groups, respectively. It is suggested that the LC participates in the descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission and that this inhibition may be mediated in the spinal cord by alpha-2 adrenoceptors located postsynaptically with respect to the NE terminals of the spinopetal LC efferents.
Deposition of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite (CO3HAp) on Poly(Methylmethacrylate) Surfaces by Decomposition of Calcium–EDTA Chelate

Inspired from the nature, the development of organic-inorganic composites between polymers and hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been investigated extensively. In this study, bone-like apatite (carbonated hydroxyapatite, CO{sub 3}HAp) was precipitated on poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) films by the oxidative decomposition of Ca-EDTA (calcium-ethylenediamine tetraacetate) chelates. Corona-treated PMMA films were soaked in a Ca-EDTA-PO{sub 4}-H{sub 2}O{sub 2} solution and aged at 63 C and pH-9 for times ranging from 1 to 24 h. Apatite formed on PMMA films was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and carbon analysis. The apatite was found to be CO{sub 3}HAp with Ca/P atomic ratio ranging between 1.3 and 1.9. Elemental analyses indicated that the carbonate content of the apatite phase was around 6.5 wt% after 24 h of aging time. Lattice parameters were estimated using a Rietveld profile-analysis and found to be a = 0.9438 nm and c = 0.6901 nm. Furthermore, FTIR spectra indicated that the apatite deposited on PMMA was B-type CO{sub 3}HAp, in which carbonate ions occupy the phosphate sites. In the first 3 h of aging, isolated rod-like HAp particles were observed. With time, the needle-like crystallites radiate from a nucleus to form double-spherulite shape particles.more » The crystallites grew into a continuous layer with a thickness of -15 {micro}m after 24-h aging. The adhesive strength between the PMMA substrate and the apatite layer was determined to be around 1.7 MPa.« less
Chemistry on the Rhodacarborane Cluster [9,9-(PPh3)-nido-9,7,8-RhC2B8H11]: Formation of Bidentate Phosphine and Bimetallic Derivatives

The electronically unsaturated rhodacarborane [9,9-(PPh 3 ) 2 - nido -9,7,8-RhC 2 B 8 H 11 ] ( 1 ), reacts with Ph 2 PCH 2 PPh 2 (dppm) to afford [9,9-(dppm-κ 2 P )-9-(dppm-κ P )- nido -9,7,8-RhC 2 B 8 H 11 ] ( 3 ), in which the Rh-bonded PPh 3 ligands have been replaced by two dppm ligands, one in a bidentate mode and the second in a unidentate mode with a free PPh 2 end. The structure of 3 is similar to the related, and isoelectronic, species [8,8-(dppm-κ 2 P )-8-(dppm-κ P )- nido -8,7-RhSB 9 H 10 ] ( 4 ), but with a difference in the orientation of the ligands. Reaction of 1 with Ph 2 P(CH 2 ) 2 PPh 2 (dppe) affords a species tentatively identified as [9,9-(dppe-κ 2 P )-9-(dppe-κ P )- nido -9,7,8-RhC 2 B 8 H 11 ] ( 5 ). If allowed to react with [Ru(η 6 - p -cym)Cl 2 ] 2, ( 3 ) affords [9,9-{Ru(η 6 - p -cym)dppm-κ 2 P -(μ-Cl) 2 }- nido -9,7,8-RhC 2 B 8 H 11 ] ( 6 ) containing the group [(μ-Cl) 2 Ru(η 6 - p -cym)dppm] that coordinates in a multidentate mode to Rh. Compounds 3 and 6 are characterized by 11 B, 1 H and 31 P NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray structure determinations.
Geometric configuration factors for polygonal zones using Nusselt's unit sphere

Abstract The Energy Laboratory of the University of Houston has developed a computer simulation program called CREAM (Cavity Radiation Exchange Analysis Model) for application to the solar central receiver system. CREAM contains a geometric configuration factor generator based on Nusselt's method. A formulation of Nusselt's method provides the basis for a FORTRAN subroutine NUSSELT. Numerical results from NUSSELT are compared to analytic values and values from Sparrow's method. Sparrow's method is based on a double contour integral and its reduction to a single integral which is a approximated by Gaussian methods. Nusselt's method is adequate for the intended engineering applications, but Sparrow's method is an order of magnitude more efficient in many situations.
In-plane shear test of thin panels

Efficient application of thin-gage composite materials to helicopter fuselage structures necessitates that the materials be designed to operate at loads several times higher than initial buckling load. Methods are required to accurately measure and predict the response of thin-gage composites when subjected to these loads. This paper presents the results of an analytical and experimental study of the behavior of thin-gage composite panels subjected to in-plane shear loads. Finite-element stress analyses were used to aid in the design of an improved shear fixture that minimizes adverse corner stresses and tearing and crimping failure-modes characteristic of commonly used shear fixtures. Tests of thick buckle-resistant aluminum panels and thin aluminum and composite panels were conducted to verify the fixture design. Results of finite-element stress and buckling analyses and diagonal-tension-theory predictions are presented. Correlation of experimental data with analysis indicated that diagonal-tension theory can be used to predict the load-strain response of thin composite panels.
The Toda lattice. II. Existence of integrals

Following recent computer studies which suggested that the equations of motion of Toda's exponential lattice should be completely H\'enon discovered analytical expressions for the constants of the motion. In the present paper, the existence of integrals is proved by a different method. Our approach shows the Toda lattice to be a finite-dimensional analog of the Korteweg-de Vries partial differential equation. Certain integrals of the Toda equations are the counterparts of the conserved quantities of the Korteweg-de Vries equation, and the theory initiated here has been used elsewhere to obtain solutions of the infinite lattice by inverse-scattering methods.
Impact of oral contraceptive pill use on premenstrual mood: predictors of improvement and deterioration.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to estimate risk factors for the deterioration and improvement of premenstrual mood disturbance with oral contraceptive pill use. Study design Predictors of the deleterious and beneficial effects of oral contraceptive pill use on premenstrual mood were analyzed with the use of logistic regression in a nested case-control study within a community-based cohort of 976 premenopausal women in Massachusetts. Results Of 658 women who were using oral contraceptive pills, 16.3% of the women reported oral contraceptive pill–related premenstrual mood deterioration, and 12.3% of the women reported premenstrual mood improvement. In adjusted models, previous depression was the only significant predictor of mood deterioration (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8); early-onset premenstrual mood disturbance and dysmenorrhea were significant predictors of oral contraceptive pill–related mood improvement (odds ratio, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.9-5.2] and odds ratio, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.4-3.9], respectively). Conclusion Oral contraceptive pills do not influence premenstrual mood in most women. Premenstrual mood is most likely to deteriorate in women with a history of depression and to improve in women with early-onset premenstrual mood disturbance or dysmenorrhea.
State Park Directors' Perceptions of Mountain Biking

/ This study intended to explore the perceptions of mountain bikingmanagement through a mail survey of state park directors in all 50 states.With a 100% response rate, it was found that 47 states permit mountainbiking in their state parks, however, few state parks have formalized plansto manage this outdoor activity. The management policies that do exist arenot followed on a statewide basis but vary within each state and at eachstate park. Many states have worked cooperatively with local mountain bikingclubs to develop and maintain mountain bike trails, promote rider education,and provide volunteer patrols on trails. The issue of user conflict surfacedwith almost three-fourths of the managers responding that conflict existedbetween mountain bikers and other trail users. This preliminary study shouldprompt further research with on-site managers focusing on the use ofmanagement plans for mountain biking, cooperation between managers and usergroups, and user conflict. It is recommended that an Internet-basedinformation clearinghouse or discussion group be made available to landmanagers by a national bicycling organization.KEY WORDS: Mountain biking; State parks; State park directors;Recreation resource management
Federalism Through a Global Lens: A Call for Deferential Judicial Review

Courts may find themselves involved in cases involving federal statutes that regulate what we expect states to do -- for example, tend to local crime issues such as the possession of guns on school grounds or end domestic violence directed against women. What once was traditionally a state concern is now addressed at the federal level. Questions involving safety and various forms of violence increasingly are viewed as national in scope.
Emergency preparedness: a survey of dental practitioners

A total of 6,505 questionnaires were mailed to practicing dentists in Florida and Kentucky. The dentists represented all dental specialties and had been graduated from 72 different dental schools. The results of the survey indicate that improvement is needed in training, office organization, and advanced preparation for the emergency management of patients. The results also indicate that dentists encounter many medical emergencies in their offices.
Membrane-Sealant Copolymers Confer Protection to Dystrophic Skeletal Muscle in Vitro and in Vivo

Muscle membrane vulnerability is a hallmark of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), an X-linked disease that results in progressive skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. Cardiac disease is an increasing cause of death in DMD and there is currently no cure for DMD. One unique therapeutic approach is the use of membrane sealants to protect the fragile dystrophic muscle membranes from mechanical stress. We propose a structure-function strategy in understanding the mechanism by which block copolymers may protect dystrophic cardiac and skeletal muscles. Poloxamer 188 (P188) is a membrane sealant that has been shown by us and others to protect the fragile dystrophic myocardium under physiological stress but appears to have reduced efficacy in affecting the skeletal myopathy. P188 belongs to the tri-block copolymer family, which comprises molecules made of a hydrophobic polypropylene oxide (PPO) core flanked by hydrophilic chains of polyethylene oxide (PEO) moieties. These copolymers exist at various molecular weights and PPO to PEO ratios and it is unknown what structural properties of P188 confer its membrane protecting functionality. Mechanistic knowledge is requisite for a deeper understanding of muscle membrane protection by copolymer sealants to enable therapeutic application. Interestingly, our data shows that P188 is efficacious in isolated dystrophic skeletal myofibers suggesting that poor delivery and low diffusion into the core of dystrophic whole muscle in vivo limits P188 effectiveness. Ultimately, fully effective therapeutic strategies must simultaneously target both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues. We will present data on copolymer structure-function understanding and discuss how these new data will shed light into the structural requisite for more efficacious and potent membrane sealants for dystrophic skeletal muscle in vivo.
Interaction of Spatial Perception, Vestibular Function, and Exercise in Young School Age Boys with Learning Disabilities

Form rotation, figure directionality, and figure-ground discrimination were evaluated before and after 10 days of vestibular or aerobic exercises for 30 boys (7 to 12 yr.) who showed problems in learning, reading, and inattention. Eight subjects had normal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses as determined by caloric and rotational testing. They were assigned to a vestibular program (Control Group I). The 22 subjects with abnormal VOR test responses were randomly assigned to either aerobic exercises (Experimental Group II) or a vestibular program (Experimental Group III). Spatial perceptual test scores varied widely, with the majority performing below age-expected norms but no significant differences on vestibular status appeared. Postexercise, only subjects completing the vestibular program made significant gains: Experimental Group III (abnormal VOR) made significant gains in accuracy and normal test responses compared to the other groups, and Control Group I made significantly greater gains in speed of spatial perceptual processing. For boys with problems in learning, reading, inattention, and vestibular function, a vestibular exercise program complementing a traditional or special educational program may enhance the spatial perceptual skills needed for reading.
Static slicing in the presence of goto statements

A static program slice is an extract of a program which can help our understanding of the behavior of the program; it has been proposed for use in debugging, optimization, parallelization, and integration of programs. This article considers two types of static slices: executable and nonexecutable. Efficient and well-founded methods have been developed to construct executable slices for programs without goto statements; it would be tempting to assume these methods would apply as well in programs with arbitrary goto statements. We show why previous methods do not work in this more general setting, and describe our solutions that correctly and efficiently compute executable slices for programs even with arbitrary goto statements. Our conclusion is that goto statements can be accommodated in generating executable static slices.
Censorship In Black And White: The Burning Cross (1947), Band Of Angels (1957) And The Politics Of Film Censorship In The American South After World War II

Following the end of World War II, the United States rose to prominent international status as its foreign policy coalesced around Cold War politics that focused not only upon external enemies abro...
From coadjoint orbits to scale invariant WZNW type actions and 2D quantum gravity action

Abstract By using a geometrical procedure outlined by Balachandran we are able to show that the Wess-Zumino-Novikov-Witten action arises naturally from the coadjoint orbit of a purely central extended coadjoint vector of the Kac-Moody group. Consideration of other orbits leads to an action thhat motivates us to write a possibly new class of scale invariant models which are “interacting” WZNW models. We are able to construct several scale invariant theories that appear to be interacting WZNW models. We then apply these techniques to the Virasoro group and show explicitly that the coadjoint orbit corresponding to Diff S1/S1 leads precisely to Polyakov's 2D quantum gravity which uses the light-cone gauge. From here it is possible to consider any arbitrary coadjoint orbit and construct an action. In particular, we are able to write actions for the orbits Diff S1/SL(2, R )n invariant under Ln, L0, L−n of the Viraso algebra. We make several comments with regard to extending these models.
Booksellers and the acquisition librarian: A two-way relationship

Librarians traditionally regard book wholesalers as sources of supply, and not sources of service. However, a high-quality bookseller is in effect a commissioned representative of the library, and should be judged by the standards of service bureaus rather than those of the consumer-products industry. At the same time, the library has an obligation to adhere to the standards of the book trade and to recognize the importance of a healthy interplay among the three facets of the trade: the publishers, the distributors, and the users.
Kruppel-like factor 2 transcriptional regulation involves heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and acetyltransferases.

Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is expressed in several cell types, and knockout animals have shown that KLF2 gene regulation is involved in multiple biological processes. These include maintaining T-...
Boson expansion description of collective states in Ru and Pd isotopes

We have applied the boson expansion method to describe the low-lying positive parity states of even-even Ru and Pd isotopes. Energy levels, B(E2)'s, branching ratios, and magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments have been calculated and are in good agreement with experiment. It is particularly emphasized that our theory describes rather well the properties of the three-phonon-like 3/sup +//sub 1/ state.
Commentaries on ‘Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood’

These are commentaries on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Huertas-Ceballos AA, Logan S, Bennett C, Macarthur C. Dietary interventions for recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in childhood. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2009, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD003019. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003019.pub3. Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2010 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
How rochester manages its real estate

With the advent of city manager government Rochester adopted business methods in purchasing and managing municipal real estate.
A second-order double-sampled delta-sigma modulator

A second-order double-sampled delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is described. It uses an additive-error switching scheme to convert capacitor mismatch into an additive out-of-band tone that can be removed by a digital filter. At a clock rate of 1.25 MHz and with an oversampling ratio of 256, the maximum measured signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio is 89.8 dB, and the THD is -96.6 dB when the input is 2 dB below full scale. The modulator is fully differential, occupies 5 mm/sup 2/, and dissipates 13 mW.
BIBLE A whole‐air sampling as a window on Asian biogeochemistry

[1] Asian trace gas and aerosol emissions into carbon, nitrogen, and other elemental cycles will figure prominently in near term Earth system evolution. Atmospheric hydrocarbon measurements resolve numerous chemical species and can be used to investigate sourcing for key geocarriers. A recent aircraft study of biomass burning and lightning (BIBLE A) explored the East Asian atmosphere and was unique in centering on the Indonesian archipelago. Samples of volatile organics taken over/between the islands of Japan, Saipan, Java, and Borneo are here examined as a guide to whole-air-based studies of future Asian biogeochemistry. The midlatitude onshore/offshore pulse and tropical convection strongly influence concentration distributions. As species of increasing molecular weight are considered, rural, combustion, and industrial source regimes emerge. Methane-rich inputs such as waste treatment and rice cultivation are evidenced in the geostrophic outflow. The Indonesian atmosphere is rich in biomass burning markers and also those of vehicular activity. Complexity of air chemistry in the archipelago is a direct reflection of diverse topography, land use, and local economies in a rapidly developing nation. Conspicuous in its absence is the fingerprint for liquefied petroleum gas leakage, but it can be expected to appear as demand for clean fossil fuels rises along with per capita incomes. Combustion tracers indicate high nitrogen mobilization rates, linking regional terrestrial geocycles with open marine ecosystems. Sea to air fluxes are superimposed on continental and marine backgrounds for the methyl halides. However, ocean hot spots are not coordinated and suggest an intricate subsurface kinetics. Levels of long-lived anthropogenic halocarbons attest to the success of international environmental treaties while reactive chlorine containing species track industrial air masses. The dozens of hydrocarbons resolvable by gas chromatographic methods will enable monitoring of upcoming Asian modernization. Crucial uncertainties are underscored. Signatures for Asian combustion processes and megacities have been obtained only indirectly or at a distance. Detailed fingerprinting must be combined with regular aircraft and ground station measurements to maximize utility of the database.
General design rules for multi-pass cavity lasers in ultrashort pulse generation

We present a general analysis of q-preserving multi-pass cavities (MPC) which can be used in the construction of high-energy and compact ultrashort pulse sources. The application of MPC designs to femtosecond Ti/sup 3+/:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ lasers is described.