cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Steroid transformations by species of Cephalosporium and other fungi.

Abstract A total of 58 cultures, tentatively identified as species of the genus Cephalosporium, were screened in flask fermentations for their ability to effect conversions of progesterone (Δ4-pregnene-3,20-dione) and Reichstein's Substance S (Δ4-pregnene-17α,21-diol-3,20-dione). A large number of transformations were observed by means of a series of five paper chromatography systems rated for analysis of steroid compounds ranging in polarity from progesterone to polyhydroxylated steroids. Five different transformation products were selected for isolation and identification. For purposes of recovery, conversions were conducted under submerged conditions in either 4- or 200-liter fermentors in which the broth was agitated and aerated. The steroid substrate was dissolved in acetone and added aseptically to the growing culture in a final concentration of 0.025%. After the conversions were effected, the whole broth was extracted with chloroform, and the transformation products were recovered, either by direct crystallization from solvents or through the use of silica gel columns. It was determined that C. ciferrii 21C converted progesterone to Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione. Kendall's Compound F (Δ4-pregnene-11β,17α,21-triol-3,20-dione) was converted to its 20β-ol analogue by Geotrichum sp. 51C (during these studies, a number of cultures were taxonomically reclassified). Cephalosporium sp. 27C formed the Δ1-analogue of Reichstein's Substance S, and Cephalosporium sclerotigenum 31C and Verticillium aphidum both converted Substance S to the 6β-hydroxy derivative. Paecilomyces persicinus 22C converted Substance S to a product believed to be a dihydroxylated derivative.
Meta-Analysis of Multiple-Task Performances: Cumulating the First two Decades of Research Findings across Studies

Meta-analytic procedures were used to cumulate research findings across studies of multiple-task performances published between 1965 and 1985 (inclusive). Exhaustive literature search yielded 94 reports of studies of multiple-task performances that were sufficiently detailed to be statistically combined using the Hunter-Schmidt-Jackson procedure. These studies yielded a total of 202 statistical values and a total subject N of 3091. Meta-analysis was performed overall (resulting in a significant test statistic) and then as a function of secondary task (13 types), primary task (18 types), and specific secondary-primary task combination. (The secondary tasks were Choice Reaction Time (CRT), Classification, Detection, Memory, Mental Math, Monitoring, Motor Response, Problem Solving, Reaction Time, Shadowing, Speech, Task Battery (Multiple Tasks), and Tracking; the primary tasks were Association, CRT, Classification, Decision Making, Detection, Driving, Flight (Simulation), Memory, Mental Math, Monitoring, Mot...
Periactin® (Merck Sharp & Dohme)

Periactin is a serotonin and histamine (H1) antagonist with anticholinergic and sedative effects.
Correlation Length versus Gap in Frustration-Free Systems.

Hastings established exponential decay of correlations for ground states of gapped quantum many-body systems. A ground state of a (geometrically) local Hamiltonian with spectral gap e has correlation length ξ upper bounded as ξ=O(1/e). In general this bound cannot be improved. Here we study the scaling of the correlation length as a function of the spectral gap in frustration-free local Hamiltonians, and we prove a tight bound ξ=O(1/√e) in this setting. This highlights a fundamental difference between frustration-free and frustrated systems near criticality. The result is obtained using an improved version of the combinatorial proof of correlation decay due to Aharonov, Arad, Vazirani, and Landau.
SU-GG-J-103: Development of Statistical/Mathematical Predictive Model for Lung Tumor Motion

Introduction: Predicting tumor respiratory motion for image‐guidedradiation treatment, especially in the thoracic and abdominal regions of the body is essential, since the effectiveness of radiation therapy is degraded by respiratory motion. To minimize the radiationdose to the surrounding tissues and critical structures, precise tumor localization and dose delivery during treatment is crucial. The objective of this project is to develop a Hidden MarkovModel (HMM) predictive model for precise lungtumor motion prediction under free breathing. Method and Materials: A finite state model (FSM) for respiratory motion representation using line segments is used to develop a statistical/mathematical predictive model to predict tumor motion based on historical motion information of the same patient, or data collected from a group of patients. De‐identified and previously acquired tumor motion data from the real‐time tumor‐tracking radiation therapy (RTRT) system and Cyber‐Knife data will be used in the study. Results: Two probability distributions are built to determine the current motion state and state transition which can be dynamically built and adjusted and are used in real‐time motion prediction. These probabilities can be derived for any parameters such as velocity, time or amplitude. These dynamic probability distributions can aid in predicting the current state and future state transitions of a tumor. An algorithm to process raw motion signal consisting unrecoverable and recoverable error has been implemented which will facilitate and improve motion prediction. HMM and FSM based predictive model is expected to predict more accurately than current prediction methods and models and to provide reliable results for different imaging rates (from 30Hz to 1Hz) and different system latency (from 33ms to 2 seconds). Conclusion: A HMM predictive model based on FSM for future tumor positions using the previous motion patterns is under investigation for real‐time radiation treatment.
The cytoskeleton of the neuron--an essay in celebration of Paul Letourneau's career.

The neuronal cytoskeleton consists of microtubules, actin filaments, neurofilaments, and an array of accessory proteins that regulate and modify these three main filament systems. This essay celebrates the career of Paul Letourneau, a pioneer of the neuronal cytoskeleton, to whom the community owes a debt of gratitude. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2011
Explaining source of payment differences in U.S. cesarean rates: why do privately insured mothers receive more cesareans than mothers who are not privately insured?

The difference in the risk-adjusted cesarean rates of mothers who are and who are not privately insured is divided into components attributable to the following four factors: the practice style of the physician attending the birth, the closeness of the physician-mother relationship, individual nonclinical factors, and the direct influence of private insurance on the physician’s treatment decision. Estimates from two expansive, complementary data sets indicate that the most of the differential is attributable to the first two factors, particularly the pairing of privately insured mothers with physicians who are inclined to perform cesareans. There is some evidence that these pairings are not incidental but the result of firm (and possibly consumer) choices.
The first order ground state wave functional for Yang-Mills

Abstract The ground state wave functional for pure SU(2) Yang-Mills in the temporal gauge is calculated to first order in the coupling constant. The standard formula for the perturbed wave function fails to give the correct form. The wave functional may be obtained by applying the Gauss law constraint.
Myopia induced by vitreous hemorrhage.

Six of 11 children developed myopia in one eye after vitreous hemorrhage. None had retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, aphakia, or scleral buckling. In seven children developing vitreous hemorrhage before 1 year of age, six exhibited a myopic anisometropia in the affected eye of 1.37 to 12.00 diopters (mean, −4.7 diopters; S.D., 4.0). The degree of myopia correlated with the age of onset and duration of media opacification. In the child without myopia, the hemorrhage did not obscure the posterior pole. None of the four children whose hemorrhage occurred after 2½ years of age showed myopic anisometropia (mean, +0.16 diopters; S.D., 0.24). We conclude that vitreous hemorrhage occurring in infancy is strongly associated with the development of myopia in the affected eye.
Antidepressant-Induced Sexual Dysfunction: an Updated Review

Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction (ADISD) is a common problem and is associated with a significant risk of nonadherence. Serotonergic antidepressants are associated with a substantial risk of ADISD. Bupropion, transdermal selegiline, nefazodone, and moclobemide are associated with a lower risk of ADISD, and early data suggests that this may also be true for vilazodone. Only 10 % of patients show spontaneous improvement in ADISD on waiting and watching. This strategy should be reserved for patients earlier in the course of the adverse effect. When possible, switching to an antidepressant with a lower incidence of ADISD is a recommended strategy. When continuation of the offending antidepressant is essential, addition of an antidote may be tried. While early data were not encouraging, two large randomized, controlled trials have provided strong evidence supporting the use of bupropion as an antidote for ADISD. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors like sildenafil and tadalafil have been shown to be efficacious in a substantial proportion of patients. Attention to ADISD is very important given that it is an important cause of nonadherence to antidepressants.
Directed Biosynthesis of New Indolmycins

Tryptophan in a concentration of 0.4μg/ml increased the production of indolmycin by 37%. The lipophilic character of indolmycin was reduced via directed biosynthesis by substituting the aromatic ring system with a methoxy or hydroxy group in the 5-position of the antibiotic. This substitution was achieved by the addition of the corresponding tryptophan and indole precursors to a growing culture of Streptomyces griseus ATCC 12648. The more hydrophilic indolmycin derivatives displayed a moderate increase in antimicrobial activity as compared to indolmycin, but did not markedly change the Gram-positive/Gram-negative ratio of activity. Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that additives substituted in the 6-position were not incorporated into the molecule. Antibiotic titer was reduced by addition of the modified precursors, especially in the case of the precursors substituted in the 6-position.
Edge detection by curve fitting

Abstract Edge detection is formulated as a curve fitting problem. First, high-gradient pixels are grouped into elongated regions and then a curve is fitted to each. The curve fitting method used in this work does not require solving a system of equations, and therefore is fast. Examples of edge detection by curve fitting on synthetic and real images are presented, and results obtained are compared with those determined by the Laplacian of Gaussian operator.
Pharmacokinetics of Rosoxacin in Human Volunteers

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography was used to determine plasma rosoxacin concentrations in normal, healthy males, each of whom received one 300 mg capsule of rosoxacin. The plasma data for each subject were described by an open one-compartment body model with first-order absorption, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. The mean (± SE) apparent first-order terminal elimination rate constant was 0.203 ± 0.015 hr–1 (N = 16), the mean apparent volume of distribution was 0.644 ± 0.050 liters/kg, and the mean apparent plasma clearance was 2.08 ± 0.15 ml/min/kg.
Impact of lipoxin-mediated regulation on immune response to infectious disease.

During Toxoplasma gondii infection pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF are essential in controlling parasite growth. Those factors, however, can be detrimental to the host if produced in excess, and their effects need to be counterbalanced by the simultaneous induction of regulatory mediators including cytokines and antiinflammatory ecosanoids, lipoxins. Here, we review such novel molecules and the stop signaling pathways recently referred to as checkpoint controllers to keep proinflammatory response under control during chronic disease, as well as from the perspective of the pathogen, which pirates the host's lipoxygenase machinery to its own advantage as a probable immune-escape mechanism.
Insights into the role of anaplerosis in insulin secretion: A 13C NMR study.

Aims/hypothesis Defining mechanisms and enzymatic paths critical to fuel-regulated insulin secretion are key goals of diabetes research. In this study, 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and isotopomer analysis were used to investigate the link between insulin secretion and metabolic pathways associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
Adjusted effects of domestic violence, tobacco use, and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuel on child mortality

Studies that have separately examined the consequences of gender based violence upon women, use of solid fuel for cooking, and mother and father’s use of tobacco on child health have concluded that they serve as risk factors for maternal and child health. Some authors have implied that these studies may have run the risk of overestimating the burden of disease of one factor over another. In this paper, we included all four factors in the same model to estimate their adjusted effects on child mortality, controlling for the demographic factors. The data come from 2005 to 2006 National Family Health Survey of India that interviewed a nationally representative sample of 39,257 couples. Of the four factors, mothers’ use of tobacco presented the highest risk for child mortality (OR = 1.42; CI = 1.27–1.60) followed by fathers’ use of tobacco (OR = 1.23; CI = 1.12–1.36), households’ use of solid fuel for cooking (OR = 1.23; CI = 1.06–1.43), and physical abuse upon mothers (OR = 1.20; CI = 1.10–1.32). Among the households that used solid fuel for cooking, improved cookstoves users experienced 28 % lower odds of child mortality (OR = 0.72; CI = 0.61–0.86) compared to nonusers of improved cookstoves. Additionally, increase in age of mothers at birth of first child, parents’ education, and household wealth served as protective factors for child mortality. To prevent child death, programs should focus on reducing couple’s use of tobacco, protecting women from physical abuse, and helping households switch from solid to liquid fuel. Moreover, a significant reduction in child death could be attained by improving girls’ education, and delaying their age at marriage and first birth.
Fabrication and functional characterization of goldnanoconjugates for potential application in ovarian cancer

In this paper we report the surface modification and functional characterization of a gold nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for potential therapeutic application in ovarian cancer. It is currently recognized that nanotechnology may play a pivotal role in drug delivery by increasing efficacy and reducing toxicity of anticancer drugs. Here, we report the fabrication of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) based drug delivery system consisting of folic acid (FA), mercapto-polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) with a molecular weight of 2000 (designated as PSH2-2 K or PSH) and cis-platin (CP) [Au-PSH-CP-FA] for potential therapeutic application in ovarian cancer. Fabrication is done in a three step incubation process at room temperature (RT). The gold nanoconjugates are characterized with several physico-chemical techniques such as UV-Vis (UV-visible spectroscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), ICP (inductively coupled plasma) and radioactivity measurement with a scintillation counter. Attachment and release profiles of FA from the gold nanoconjugates are performed using 3H-labelled FA (3H-FA). The expressions of folate receptor (FR) for ovarian cancer cell lines (OV-167, OVCAR-5), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells are determined by FACS analysis. Quantitation of platinum content in the nanoconjugates and its release profile is determined by platinum (Pt) analysis using ICP-MS. Biological functional characterization using in vitro proliferation assay demonstrates that Au-PSH-CP-FA not only retains the cytotoxic effect of CP, but it protects the normal cells from the cytotoxic insult, while enhancing the cytotoxic effect on the tumor cells. In future, this strategy may be utilized as a strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancers and may overcome the core side effect issues in anticancer therapy.
Size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles during lithiation.

Lithiation of individual silicon nanoparticles was studied in real time with in situ transmission electron microscopy. A strong size dependence of fracture was discovered; that is, there exists a critical particle diameter of ∼150 nm, below which the particles neither cracked nor fractured upon first lithiation, and above which the particles initially formed surface cracks and then fractured due to lithiation-induced swelling. The unexpected surface cracking arose owing to the buildup of large tensile hoop stress, which reversed the initial compression, in the surface layer. The stress reversal was attributed to the unique mechanism of lithiation in crystalline Si, taking place by movement of a two-phase boundary between the inner core of pristine Si and the outer shell of amorphous Li–Si alloy. While the resulting hoop tension tended to initiate surface cracks, the small-sized nanoparticles nevertheless averted fracture. This is because the stored strain energy from electrochemical reactions was insuffic...
Extension of APL primitive functions to the complex domain

Many APL primitive functions can be extended to the domain of complex numbers. In some cases the generalizations are not straightforward, and two or more design choices are considered. This paper is intended to stimulate a discussion in the APL community of the possible design choices before the first implementation of complex APL renders such a discussion academic. This paper is the second in a series of three papers; the first was reference [1].
Enzymic synthesis of saccharopine-14C

A simple enzymic method for the preparation of radioactive saccharopine has been described using l-lysine-UL-14C, α-ketoglutaric acid, NADH + H+, and a yeast cell-free extract. Radioactive saccharopine was purified by chromatography on Dowex formate and crystallized from ethanol.
Benthic storms in the Argentine Basin

Abstract The Argentine Basin is a region of large lateral gradients and extremely high concentrations and integrated loads of particulate matter (PM) in the abyssal nepheloid layer. The region also has large lateral variations in currents and surface and abyssal eddy kinetic energy. To investigate a suggested link between PM concentrations and eddy kinetic energy, transmissometers were attached to current meters moored at 10 m above the seafloor at five sites from the Argentine continental slope (1970 m) to the central basin (5045 m) from April 1987 to March 1988. Benthic storms (periods of high PM concentrations often associated with high current velocities) were recorded at all sites. The intensity of benthic storms (based on both frequency and elevated PM concentration) increased with distance from the margin, despite frequent periods where currents exceeded the expected erosion velocity near the margin. A good correlation was found between abyssal eddy kinetic energy (AEKE) and variations in PM concentration, except at the central basin site. At that site, a three month period of very high PM concentrations occurred with only low to moderate currents. The high PM concentrations may have resulted from the rapid input of low-density, organic-rich phytodetritus from a plankton bloom in surface waters.
The relationship between discus throwing performance and combinations of selected technical parameters

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between discus throwing performance and the following technical parameters: hip–shoulder and shoulder–arm separation, trunk forward–backward tilt, throwing-arm elevation angles, and the absolute and relative throwing procedure phase times. Videographic data of 51 male and 53 female discus throwers' competitive performances were captured during major meets. The three-dimensional coordinates of 21 body landmarks and the discus were obtained for each thrower's best trial using direct linear transformation. The technical parameters were reduced from the three-dimensional data at six critical instants during the throwing procedure. Hierarchical stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relative influence of linear combinations of the technical parameters on discus throwing performance. Specific techniques associated with linear combinations of certain technical parameters were identified using canonical correlations. Males and ...
Superconductivity in nonsymmetric epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x/PrBa2Cu3O7-x superlattices: The superconducting behavior of Cu-O bilayers.

We have fabricated epitaxial, nonsymmetric M\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}N superlattices in which ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ (YBCO) layers either M=1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 c-axis unit cells thick are separated by insulating ${\mathrm{PrBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ (PrBCO) layers N unit cells thick (N=1 to \ensuremath{\sim}16). The zero-resistance transition temperature, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$, initially decreases rapidly with increasing PrBCO thickness but saturates at ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$\ensuremath{\sim}19 K or ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$\ensuremath{\sim}54 K for 1- and 2-cell-thick YBCO layers, respectively. We conclude that although intercell coupling may enhance ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$, it is necessary for superconductivity of single-cell-thick YBCO layers in PrBCO matrix.
Secondary production as part of bioenergetic theory—contributions from freshwater benthic science

Bioenergetics and energy flow studies have played a prominent role in ecology since the time of Raymond Lindeman's classic paper. Several early seminal studies, including Lindeman's, were on freshwater ecosystems, all of which included benthic secondary production as an important element. Independently of these energy flow studies, benthic ecologists have played a major role in developing the methods of population-based secondary production, and produced the majority of all secondary production studies in ecology. These studies have not only contributed to our understanding of the importance of animals in ecosystem energy flow, but production is now used to address a wide variety of ecological questions from the construction of quantitative food webs, to examining predator-prey relationships, to experimental studies of food resource use, to assessing the effects of nonnative species, pollution and catchment land-use change. Unfortunately, appreciation of the utility of secondary production is largely restricted to aquatic ecologists, particularly those working in freshwater and marine benthic habitats. Further, treatment of secondary production is very limited in most general ecology texts. Continued use of secondary production to address a diversity of ecological questions should result in a greater appreciation of its advantages and cause it to become better known in the broader ecological community. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low-Power Modulation by Dynamic Control of High-Q Microresonator-Waveguide Coupling

A compact design based on high-Q microdisk resonators is proposed for low-power modulation where anti-symmetric operation of two phase shifters leads to significant insertion loss reduction. Operation analysis and design procedure are presented.
Protein quality: plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein levels in the rat.

Abstract Plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotein levels were estimated in rats fed diets which differed in source of protein. Beef protein, casein, soy protein and zein were fed as sources of dietary protein. Essential amino acids were added to casein, soy protein, or zein to improve their respective chemical scores, so that they exceeded the score for beef. After four weeks of feeding, total plasma cholesterol levels were not different among the diet groups, although rats fed beef protein and casein diets had slightly higher levels than rats fed zein or soy protein. In contrast, HDL cholesterol was 30% lower in the rats fed beef compared to the soyand zein-fed groups. The beef-fed group had 80% more liver cholesterol than the soy-and zein-fed groups. Apolipoprotein A-I levels were the same among the groups, but Apo A-IV concentration was about 20% lower in the beef-fed group compared to the other groups. The beef-and casein-fed groups also had Apo E levels 20% higher than the other two groups. Moreover, Apo B concentrations were negatively correlated with weight gain at the end of the four week feeding period (r=−0.58, p
Engineering ethics: The responsibility of the manager

Abstract This paper addresses the growing importance of ethics in today's society. Many professional societies have adopted formal codes of ethics for their organization and members. However, the engineer as a manager has an obligation not only to his profession but to his employees, organization, and the public as well to enforce ethical decisions and behavior at all times.
Cantankerous maps and rotary embeddings of K n

In this paper we will define a class of locally non-orientable regular maps called “cantankerous.” We will show that cantankerous maps are self-Petrie, we will prove a lower bound on the number of vertices such a map may have, and we will give some data which suggest that the cantankerous maps are a fairly restricted class of regular maps. Our main result here is that any vertex-improper map must either be one of these cantankerous maps or be constructed from a smaller vertex-proper map by the Riemann-surface algorithm. We then apply these results to graph theory. Biggs has shown that if M is an orientable rotary map whose underlying graph is Kn, then n must be a power of a prime. We will show that, if n > 6, Kn has no regular embedding; this shows that the only exception to Biggs' theorem in the non-orientable case is n = 6, and that the rotary embeddings of Kn given by Heffter's construction are chiral.
Case report 417

Address reprint requests to: Donald Resnick, M.D., Department of Radiology, Veterans Administration Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92103, USA The patient had been the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy with an uncertain history of consanguinity. She had never menstruated despite normal serum levels of follicle-stimulating and leutinizing-hormones, 17-ketosteroids and prolactin. Physical examination showed mild cliteromegaly and moderate hypertrichosis of the face and back. Pelvic sonography showed no abnormality. Type II diabetes mellitus had been diagnosed at the age of 13 years. The patient was treated initially with oral hyperglycemic agents; however, two years later she required therapy with insulin.
Symptomatic osteonecrosis of the hip after orthotopic liver transplantation

Patients who require long-term steroid use for immunosuppression after organ transplantation are at risk for the development of osteonecrosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of symptomatic osteonecrosis of the hip in patients who were managed with corticosteroids for immunosuppression after orthotopic liver transplantation. We reviewed the relationship of the administration and dosage of steroids in 203 patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Overall, 29 of the 203 patients (14%) complained of hip pain, but only 3 patients (2%) developed symptomatic osteonecrosis of the hip. The osteonecrosis was diagnosed an average of 31 months after transplantation (range, 26-38 months). There was no association noted between steroid dose and the development of osteonecrosis. Routine screening for osteonecrosis of asymptomatic liver transplant patients is not necessary.
In vivo roles of conjugation with glutathione and O6-alkylguanine DNA-alkyltransferase in the mutagenicity of the bis-electrophiles 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane in mice.

Several studies with bacteria and in vitro mammalian systems have provided evidence of the roles of two thiol-based conjugation systems, glutathione (GSH) transferase and O6-alkylguanine DNA-alkyltransferase (AGT), in the bioactivation of the bis-electrophiles 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB), the latter an oxidation product of 1,3-butadiene. The in vivo relevance of these conjugation reactions to biological activity in mammals has not been addressed, particularly with DEB. In this work, we used transgenic Big Blue mice, utilizing the cII gene, to examine the effects of manipulation of conjugation pathways on liver mutations arising from dibromoethane and DEB in vivo. Treatment of the mice with butathionine sulfoxime (BSO) prior to dibromoethane lowered hepatic GSH levels, dibromoethane–GSH DNA adduct levels (N7-guanyl), and the cII mutation frequency. Administration of O6-benzylguanine (O6-BzGua), an inhibitor of AGT, did not change the mutation frequency. Depletion of GSH (BSO) and AGT ...
An optical fiber temperature sensor using a thermochromic solution

Abstract An optical temperature sensor operated in the temperature range 25 to 55°C has been constructed and evaluated. This sensor combines an optical fibre with a thermochromic solution, cobalt chloride, and is operated based on the changes in the optical absorption spectrum of the thermochromic solution caused by the temperature variation. Good response and reproducibility are obtained and the measurement principles, the construction of the sensor, and the experimental results of this investigation are reported and discussed.
Guidelines for Multicultural Assessment: An Asian Indian American Case Study.

Accurate assessment of ethnic minority clients is often hindered by clinician bias and lack of culturally sensitive instruments. Multicultural guidelines can enhance clinician awareness and sensitivity in conducting assessments with diverse populations. These guidelines are illustrated using an Asian Indian American character from Lahiri's (2008) novel Unaccustomed Earth. La evaluacion precisa de clientes pertenecientes a minorias etnicas se ve con frecuencia dificultada por el sesgo de los especialistas clinicos y la falta de instrumentos culturalmente sensibles. Las directrices multiculturales pueden ampliar la conciencia de los especialistas y su sensibilidad al llevar a cabo evaluaciones con poblaciones diversas. Estas directrices se ilustran usando un personaje indoasiaticoamericano extraido de la novela Unaccustomed Earth de Lahiri (2008).
Network of Remote and Local Protein Dynamics in Dihydrofolate Reductase Catalysis

Molecular dynamics calculations and bionformatic studies of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) have suggested a network of coupled motions across the whole protein that is correlated to the reaction coordinate. Experimental studies demonstrated that distal residues G121, M42, and F125 in E. coli DHFR participate in that network. The missing link in our understanding of DHFR catalysis is the lack of a mechanism by which such remote residues can affect the catalyzed chemistry at the active site. Here, we present a study of the temperature dependence of intrinsic kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) that indicates synergism between a remote residue in that dynamic network, G121, and the active site’s residue I14. The intrinsic KIEs for the I14A–G121V double mutant showed steeper temperature dependence (ΔEa(T-H)) than expected from comparison of the wild type and two single mutants. That effect was nonadditive (i.e., ΔEa(T-H) G121V + ΔEa(T-H) I14A < ΔEa(T-H) double mutant), which indicates a synergism between the two r...
The spherocytic Haemolytic Anaemias

Keywords: autoimmune haemolytic disease; hereditary spherocytosis; anti-globulin test; RBC survival studies.
Operation of an X-ray Transition-Edge Sensor Cooled by Tunnel Junction Refrigerators

We demonstrate successful cooling of an X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) using solid-state refrigerators based on normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. Above the TES transition temperature (T c ), we use Johnson-noise thermometry to measure the cooling performance. In this regime, the NIS refrigerators cool the TES from 300 mK to 220 mK and from 220 mK to T c =160 mK. Below T c , we also observe cooling and demonstrate that the operation of the NIS refrigerators introduces no detectable noise into the TES readout.
An Overview of Transporter Information in Package Inserts of Recently Approved New Molecular Entities

ABBREVIATIONS ABC ATP-binding cassette ADME absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion BCRP breast cancer resistance protein BSEP bile salt export pump DDI drug-drug interaction EMA European Medicines Agency FDA Food and Drug Administration ITC International Transporter Consortium MATE multidrug and toxic compound extrusion MCT monocarboxylate transporter MRP multi-drug resistance-associated protein NET norepinephrine transporter NCTP Na-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide NDA new drug application NME new molecular entity OAT organic anion transporter OATP organic anion transporting polypeptide OCT organic cation transporter P-gp P-glycoprotein PI package insert PK pharmacokinetics PD pharmacodynamics SLC solute carrier VMAT vesicular monoamine transporter
International diversification for the individual: A review

Abstract This paper reviews aspects of the literature on international investing that should be of interest to individual investors. Three modern issues are covered: (1) the benefits of international diversification as the global markets continue to integrate; (2) the problem of currency exposure; and (3) effective means of achieving international diversification. Strategies are discussed which enable the individual to apply suggestions from the research. By restricting the scope of the review to issues of most interest to the individual, we do not review research on international asset pricing theory and international market efficiency and “anomalies.”
Multifractals at relativistic energies.

We apply the technique of multifractals to study the dynamical properties of the particles produced in semicentral collisions of {sup 32}S ions at 200{ital A} GeV, {sup 16}O ions at 200{ital A} and 60{ital A} GeV, {sup 28}Si ions at 14.5{ital A} GeV, {sup 4}He ions at 140{ital A} and 11{ital A} GeV and a proton beam at 800 GeV in nuclear emulsion. A power-law behavior has been observed in the data. The dynamical fluctuations in multiplicity distributions are characterized by smooth multifractal spectra {ital f}({alpha}{sub {ital q}}). The results agree quite well with the predictions of a multistring model.
Goal difficulty and goal commitment affect adoption of a lower glycemic index diet in adults with type 2 diabetes

Objective Few studies have examined the effect of goal difficulty on behavioral change even though goal setting is widely used in diabetes education. The effect of a goal to consume either 6 or 8 servings/day of low glycemic index (LGI) foods was evaluated in this study.
Why is there a lack of consensus on molecular subgroups of glioblastoma? Understanding the nature of biological and statistical variability in glioblastoma expression data.

Introduction Gene expression patterns characterizing clinically-relevant molecular subgroups of glioblastoma are difficult to reproduce. We suspect a combination of biological and analytic factors confounds interpretation of glioblastoma expression data. We seek to clarify the nature and relative contributions of these factors, to focus additional investigations, and to improve the accuracy and consistency of translational glioblastoma analyses. Methods We analyzed gene expression and clinical data for 340 glioblastomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We developed a logic model to analyze potential sources of biological, technical, and analytic variability and used standard linear classifiers and linear dimensional reduction algorithms to investigate the nature and relative contributions of each factor. Results Commonly-described sources of classification error, including individual sample characteristics, batch effects, and analytic and technical noise make measurable but proportionally minor contributions to inconsistent molecular classification. Our analysis suggests that three, previously underappreciated factors may account for a larger fraction of classification errors: inherent non-linear/non-orthogonal relationships among the genes used in conjunction with classification algorithms that assume linearity; skewed data distributions assumed to be Gaussian; and biologic variability (noise) among tumors, of which we propose three types. Conclusions Our analysis of the TCGA data demonstrates a contributory role for technical factors in molecular classification inconsistencies in glioblastoma but also suggests that biological variability, abnormal data distribution, and non-linear relationships among genes may be responsible for a proportionally larger component of classification error. These findings may have important implications for both glioblastoma research and for translational application of other large-volume biological databases.
The influence of a yoga exercise program for young adults with intellectual disabilities.

Background: Individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have an increased risk of obesity and are significantly less likely to engage in physical activity compared to their nondisabled peers. A growing body of research supports the physical and mental health benefits of yoga. While the benefits of yoga have been studied across a host of populations with varying ages and physical disabilities, no studies could be identified investigating the benefits of yoga for young adults with ID. Aims: This study investigated the impact of participating in yoga classes on the amount of exercise behavior and perception of physical exertion when compared to non-structured exercise sessions between two young adults with ID in a post-secondary education setting. Materials and Methods: A single subject multiple baseline research design was implemented across two young adults with mild ID to determine the effects of a yoga exercise class on frequency of exercise behavior and perception of physical exertion when compared to non-structured exercise sessions. Partial interval recording, the Eston-Parfitt curvilinear rating of perceived exertion scale, and the physical activity enjoyment scale were implemented to collect data on dependent variables and consumer satisfaction during each non-structured exercise session and each yoga class. Results: indicated that percentage of exercise behavior and perceived exertion levels during yoga group exercise sharply increased with large effect sizes when compared to non-structured exercise sessions.
Presidential‐Congressional Budget Agreement, 1949–1995

In this paper, presidential-congressional budget agreement, measured as the percentage of presidential budget requests appropriated by Congress, is explained. Budget agreement reflects a pivotal point in the struggle between the president and the Congress to enact their respective preferences since funding brings such preferences to life. In order to explain budget agreement, the existing tandem institutions approach to studying presidential-congressional relations is expanded by positing a multiple perspective encompassing a three environment model: executive, legislative and exogenous environments. Three variables tap each institutional environment, comprised of the executive and the legislative, and two variables are included in the exogenous environment. Findings reflect that a multiple perspectives approach better captures the complexities of presidential-congressional relations than a strictly institutional approach. The institutional resources available to both the president and Congress contribute little, but the exogenous environment has the greatest influence on budget agreement. Differences in explanation are observed when budget agreement is divided by domestic and foreign policy.
Incidence and Economic Importance of Poultry Parasites Under Different Ecological and Geographical Situations in Egypt

Abstract ALTHOUGH the importance of parasitism in the poultry industry of Egypt is generally recognized by agriculturalists and veterinarians, there has been relatively little study of incidence and geographic distribution. Parasite problems have been especially pointed up in connection with the many importations of foreign breeds which have been carried out to improve the small indigenous stock. In the case of tick-transmitted spirochaetosis, Dardiry (1945) has shown that the greater susceptibility of imported breeds to this parasite presents special problems for the introduction of foreign breeds. The prevalence of the soft tick vector; Argas persicus (Oken), may be a limiting factor under some poultry-rearing conditions. With another species, As-caridia galli (Schrank), no marked difference in comparative susceptibility of imported and native breeds was found (Reid, 1955a). Gaafer (1952) studied the incidence of this species and found it present in 55.5 percent of the fowls obtained from the Cairo markets. No other …
DEXAMETHASONE TREATMENT OF VIRILIZING CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA: THE ABILITY TO ACHIEVE NORMAL GROWTH. † 414

DEXAMETHASONE TREATMENT OF VIRILIZING CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA: THE ABILITY TO ACHIEVE NORMAL GROWTH. † 414
Fluorescent EIA screening of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens

We have developed a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) that is useful for detecting antibodies directed against antigenic sites on the surface of mammalian cells. Approximately 100 antigen-bearing cells were trapped in the wells of 96-well Durapore membrane filter plates (Millititer GV plates, Millipore, Bedford, MA). Antibody binding was detected with alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG + IgM. Conjugate alkaline phosphatase activity was detected with a fluorogenic substrate in the presence of levamisole, an inhibitor of endogenous cellular alkaline phosphatase using a Fluoroskan microtiter plate reader (Flow Laboratories). The method permits accurate and reproducible screening of hybridoma supernatants using a minimal number of antigen-bearing cells.
EFFECT OF HARVEST MATURITY ON FREE AMINO ACIDS, PECTINS, ASCORBIC ACID, TOTAL NITROGEN AND MINERALS IN TOMATO PASTES

Tomato pastes of 26.5% total solids were made from VF-1457879, 68B-Mars and VF-10 tomatoes at pink (M1), medium red (M2) and full red (M2) maturities. There were 27 ninhydrin-positive compounds found in tomato pastes. The pastes made from riper tomatoes contained more free amino acids, water soluble pectins and total nitrogen, but less ascorbic acid and protopectin. Total pectin content was found to be positively correlated with the consistency of the pastes. Calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium in pastes were found to have no significant correlation with changes in harvest maturity of the tomato fruits.
Neurogenesis in the nucleus vestibularis tangentialis of the chick embryo in the absence of the primary afferent fibers.

Abstract The migration, differentiation, and subsequent fate of the principal neurons of the tangential nucleus have been studied in the absence of the colossal fibers of the vestibular nerve in the chick embryo. Normally, the colossal fibers form large axosomatic synapses on the principal cells by means of the highly specific spoon endings. In this study the development of the vestibular nerve was prevented by unilateral otocyst ablations in 2-day old embryos, which were allowed to survive for varying lengths of time up to 13 days of incubation. At each developmental stage, the principal cells of the tangential nucleus on the operated side were compared with those on the unoperated sides and with those found in normal embryos in both rapid Golgi and reduced silver preparations. In the absence of vestibular input, principal cell neuroblasts can migrate and begin to differentiate up to the time when colossal fibers in the tangential nucleus would usually start to form swellings. Thereafter, the partly differentiated principal cells degenerate. Evidently, migration and the initial differentiation of the axon, cell body, and dendrites do not depend on the primary afferent axons, whereas completion of differentiation, continuation of growth, and cell survival do. The role of non-vestibular inputs in the development of the tangential nucleus remains uncertain. Nevertheless, it is clear that formation of many of the morphological features that distinguish principal cells as a distinct neuronal type does not depend on trophic influences or synaptic activity of the vestibular afferent fibers. These fibers, however, apparently do exert trophic effects on the later stages of neuronal development. Some of these effects must precede the formation of structurally defined synapses by the spoon endings.
Tegument and apical end organ fine structure in the metacestode and adult Proteocephalus ambloplitis

Abstract The tegument of plerocercoid and adult P. ambloplitis was examined. Differences in tegument structure existed between these two stages. Plerocercoids of P. ambloplitis lacked extensive vacuolization and unicellular gland cells characteristic of adult tegument. Plerocercoid microtriches were short and conoid; adult microtriches were lenticular with an extended, whip-like shaft. An inclusion, not previously reported from proteocephalid cestodes, is described. Adult tegument had ducts, originating from underlying unicellular glands, extending through the distal cytoplasm and opening to the exterior between microtriches. The apical end organ cavity of P. ambloplitis contained numerous labyrinth-like spherical bodies. These structures appeared to be synthesized and secreted into the end organ by a thin cellular lining of the end organ. This lining was composed of discrete, filamentous cells believed to be modified subtegumental cell bodies. Spherical structures identical to those observed within the end organ cavity occurred within this cellular lining. The spherical bodies may be associated with enzymes necessary for tissue migration by the metacestode.
How One Bad Protein Spoils the Barrel: Structural Details of β2-Microglobulin Amyloidogenicity

In this issue, Eichner et al. (2011) describe at atomic resolution the structure of an amyloidogenic state of β 2 -microglobulin and how it may corrupt a soluble counterpart in the pathological scenario that ensues when good proteins go to the "dark side'" and form infectious toxic amyloid.
Is there a second life in your future

The University of Delaware (UD) has created an active educational environment that encourages learning through interaction, collaboration, and discovery among faculty and students in Second Life. In developing a Second Life presence, UD considered: Island purchasing options space requirements support time requirements faculty involvement in-world events and features initial endeavors emerging educational uses UD early adopter faculty have embraced this new learning environment and found ways to integrate it into their teaching.
Amenities in an urban general equilibrium model

Abstract This paper has presented a general equilibrium Tiebout-median voter model. The model was solved numerically for prices and distributions of consumers which correspond to equilibria, and the results of the numerical solution of the model were used to evaluate the HES and Yinger Propositions. That complete capitalization always occurs means that the HES Proposition is false; Yinger's Proposition is misdirected since complete capitalization occurs regardless of the presence or absence of amenities (although amenities affect the equilibrium solutions ). We have argued that capitalization is never appropriately measured by price differentials in a general equilibrium model.