cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DNA Sensing by Amplifying the Number of Near-Infrared Emitting, Oligonucleotide-Encapsulated Silver Clusters

A bifunctional oligonucleotide integrates in situ synthesis of a fluorogenic silver cluster with recognition of a target DNA sequence. With the template C3AC3AC3GC3A, a complex forms with 10 silver atoms that possesses electronic transitions in the near-infrared and that is detected at nanomolar concentrations using diode laser excitation. Pendant to this cluster encoding region, the recognition component binds a target DNA strand through hybridization, and decoupling of these two regions of the composite sensor renders a modular sensor for specific oligonucleotides. A target is detected using a quencher strand that bridges the cluster template and recognition components and disturbs cluster binding, as indicated by static quenching. Competitive displacement of the quencher by the target strand restores the favored cluster environment, and our key finding is that this exchange enhances emission through a proportional increase in the number of emissive clusters. DNA detection is also accomplished in serum-...
Observation of Quantum Beats in Photon Echoes and Optical Nutation

We extend the technique of quantum-beat spectroscopy to the infrared region by utilizing the strong, directional absorption and emission which occurs in photon echoes and optical nutation. Using a vibrational transition of N${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$D, we have made the first observations of infrared quantum beats in these phenomena. The hyperfine splitting which produces the quantum beats has not been observed in Lamb-dip spectroscopy but is clearly resolved in these time domain studies.
Design and construction of high-sensitivity, infrared bolometers for operation at 300 mK.

The design and construction of 300-mK composite bolometers developed for millimeter-wave astronomical observations are described. Graphite fibers are used as the electrical leads for the thermistor to reduce the thermal conductance and heat capacity associated with the leads. A mechanical suspension made of Nylon fibers provides the required thermal conductance. Electrical noise equivalent powers below 1 x 10 exp -16 W/sq rt Hz have been achieved for detectors with thermal time constants of 11 ms. The detectors were installed in a millimeter-wave photometer and used to perform observations of the cosmic microwave background from a balloonborne platform. The flight performance was consistent with the measured laboratory properties.
Communication motives (state vs. trait?) and task group outcomes

Students’ motives for communicating with others (trait) and their motives for communicating in groups were investigated to determine support for a trait or state approach to studying motives. In addition, communication motives in groups were investigated for their relationship to members’ involvement, satisfaction with group process and outputs and perceptions of cohesion and satisfaction with their group presentation. Students completed the trait Communication Motives measure at the start of the semester before engaging in group projects. At the end of the semester when group work ended, students completed instruments measuring their motives for communicating in their groups and the group outcomes. First, the results showed that motives had some cross‐situational consistency in that students who communicated for pleasure and affection, but not for control or to escape also communicated similarly in groups. Those who communicated for control and, to a limited extent for pleasure, also communicated in grou...
A new framework for itemset generation

The problem of finding association rules in a large database of sales transactions has been widely studied in the literature, We discuss some of the weaknesses of the large itemset method for association rule generation. A different method for evaluating and finding itemsets referred to as otrongIyl collective itemsets is proposed. The concepts of “support” of an itemset and correlation of the items within an itemset are related, though not quite the same. This criterion stresses the importance of the actual correlation of the items with one another rather than the absolute support, Previously proposed methods to provide correlated itemsets are not necessarily applicable to very large databases, We provide an algorithm which provides very good computational efficiency, while maintaining statistical robuetneas, The fact that this algorithm relies on relative measures rather than absolute measures such as support also implies that the method can be applied to find association rules in datasets in which items may appear in a sizeable percentage of the transactions (dense datasets), datasets in which the items have varying density, or even negative association rules,
EGF Receptor Signaling: Putting a New Spin on Eye Development

The coordinated polarization of cells within an epithelium is required for the development and function of some tissues. Recent work has shown that the EGF receptor signaling pathway plays a key role in establishing epithelial polarity in the compound eye of Drosophila.
Human Telomeres Are Tethered to the Nuclear Envelope during Postmitotic Nuclear Assembly

Telomeres are essential for nuclear organization in yeast and during meiosis in mice. Exploring telomere dynamics in living human cells by advanced time-lapse confocal microscopy allowed us to evaluate the spatial distribution of telomeres within the nuclear volume. We discovered an unambiguous enrichment of telomeres at the nuclear periphery during postmitotic nuclear assembly, whereas telomeres were localized more internally during the rest of the cell cycle. Telomere enrichment at the nuclear rim was mediated by physical tethering of telomeres to the nuclear envelope, most likely via specific interactions between the shelterin subunit RAP1 and the nuclear envelope protein Sun1. Genetic interference revealed a critical role in cell-cycle progression for Sun1 but no effect on telomere positioning for RAP1. Our results shed light on the dynamic relocalization of human telomeres during the cell cycle and suggest redundant pathways for tethering telomeres to the nuclear envelope.
Medium voltage inverter to establish grid interface and provide ancillary support for a DC distributed wind farm

More utility companies now require wind power plants to participate in grid support functions including frequency, voltage and inertia support. Typical wind turbine generator configurations cannot provide grid support. In this paper, a multi-level inverter based wind turbine power conversion system is investigated. The developed inverter interfaces between the DC bus of a wind turbine power conversion system supported by energy storage elements and the grid. Two control techniques are proposed for capacitor-based and battery-based storage systems to provide grid active and reactive power support. Details of control implementation for grid interface, frequency and voltage droop support are presented. Simulation and experimental results are discussed to verify the viability of the proposed system and control techniques.
Physical characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of human follicle stimulating hormone from urinary extracts of children, men, and pre- and postmenopausal women.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in conjunction with radioimmunoassay was used to physically characterize a number of preparations of human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The molecular sizes of urinary FSH did not differ among children, men and pre- and postmenopausal women when they were characterized in the same PAGE system. At pH 7.8, the molecular weight for pituitary FSH was estimated by PAGE as 56,000, while urinary FSH exhibited molecular weights of 42,000, 55,000, and 71,000 for Albert fraction C, fraction B, and a commercial preparation, respectively. For urinary FSH, the molecular weight estimated by PAGE at pH 10.2 ranged from 23,000 to 31,000.
Improvisational International Research: Seeking to Help Children in Ukrainian Orphanages Sooner than Later:

Throughout the past decade's tumultuous sociopolitical transitions in Ukraine, the number of orphaned children increased dramatically. Ukrainian orphanages commonly provide care for children without parents. While much data exist demonstrating the negative impact of institutional living on child development and functioning in adult life, more limited data reflects the mental status of children while institutionalized. Ascertaining the mental health needs of children in orphanages would inform practitioners and policymakers regarding programmatic interventions needed to mitigate social and emotional challenges in this population. Strategies could then be developed to increase social and emotional skills required for adjustment and adaptation into the larger community upon leaving institutional life. Support for such research and planned interventions seems an appropriate social work endeavor.
Ethical Issues in Animal Cloning

The issue of human reproductive cloning has recently received a great deal attention in public discourse. Bioethicists, policy makers, and the media have been quick to identify the key ethical issues involved in human reproductive cloning and to argue, almost unanimously, for an international ban on such attempts. Meanwhile, scientists have proceeded with extensive research agendas in the cloning of animals. Despite this research, there has been little public discussion of the ethical issues raised by animal cloning projects. Polling data show that the public is decidedly against the cloning of animals. To understand the public's reaction and fill the void of reasoned debate about the issue, we need to review the possible objections to animal cloning and assess the merits of the anti-animal cloning stance. Some objections to animal cloning (e.g., the impact of cloning on the population of unwanted animals) can be easily addressed, while others (e.g., the health of cloned animals) require more serious attention by the public and policy makers.
Analysis of magnetic susceptibility of carbon fibers

Abstract The trace of the magnetic susceptibility of carbon fibers has been calculated assuming the structural model of very long, longitudinally folded, monolayer ribbons of graphite. The method used was based upon the London Hamiltonian. The results depend most strongly upon the width of the ribbon, the tightness of folding, and the distance between folds. If the latter quantity is determined by X-ray diffraction or electron microscopy, the experimental data for magnetic susceptibility versus temperature can be used to determine the first two quantities. For presently available data, true widths of the ribbons range between 270 and 400A, and the folding produces apparent widths of between 0.5 and 0.85 of the true widths.
Wave-scattering formalisms for multiport energetic systems

Abstract This paper presents a variant wave-scattering approach for physical system modeling and analysis that adopts duplexed wave signals to quantify the propagation, storage and dissipation of energy localized between and within system elements. This energetic perspective of wave-scattering techniques can exploit the relationship to bond graph methods to complement techniques in multiport modeling and analysis. Examples are presented that illustrate the use of wave-scattering methods for treating distributed-parameter effects, nonlinear effects, and switching effects in system models. Furthermore, the methods presented lay the groundwork for extending network analysis and synthesis methods to multi-energy domain and mixed lumped/distributed-parameter systems.
Oscillatory Trajectories Applied to NASA''s DF-7 Configuration

Analyses of oscillating trajectories were performed using the extensively analyzed NASA Dual Fuel Study Vehicle DF-7 that was designed for Mach 10 global reach reconnaissance/strike missions. (This vehicle was later modified to provide a vehicle design capable of both long-range hypersonic cruise and trajectory pull-up for launching an upper stage to deliver payload to orbit.) Study results indicate that oscillating trajectories result in reduced range, high g loading, higher peak heating, and more severe thermal gradients compared to steady-state cruise. These disadvantages plus the operational complexity of turning the engine off and on during each cycle, contribute to make oscillating trajectories undesirable for lifting-body configurations optimized for hypersonic cruise. Additionally, this study shows that technological advances would most likely benefit steady-state cruise trajectories greater than the oscillatory trajectories.
SERUM INHIBITOR OF GRANULOCYTE COLONY FORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH NEUTROPENIA IN TYPE I DYSGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA

A sixteen year old white male with X-linked Type I Dysgammaglobulinemia developed persistent neutropenia (total neutrophils < 500/mm3) which was unresponsive to broad spectrum antibiotics, prednisone, or a single infusion of one liter of fresh frozen plasma. His plasma agglutinated neutrophils in a microagglutination assay. His plasma (or serum) inhibited colony formation in a dose dependent fashion in a granulocyte/macrophage colony forming assay using human bone marrow cells. Complete inhibition was obtained when the patient's serum reached a final concentration of 5%. This effect was similar when either the patient's or normal bone marrow cells were used. Heating the patient's serum to 56°C for 30 minutes did not destroy the inhibitor. Bone marrow cells cultured in a medium containing 5% of the patient's serum and 5% of normal serum were also completely inhibited. Seven total plasma exchange procedures were performed over three weeks during which time the peripheral neutrophil count returned to normal and no serum inhibitor could be demonstrated. Upon completion of the plasma exchange procedures, the peripheral neutrophil count fell within three days to less than 500/mm3 and the serum inhibitor of colony formation reappeared. Three weeks after the plasma exchange procedures, the neutrophil count spontaneously returned to normal while on broad spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Evolving connectedness among environmental groups and grassroots organizations in protected areas of Central America

Abstract The article discusses the convergence of two potentially positive trends that may help to reduce poverty and environmental deterioration in Central America — the creation of networks by grassroots and environmental organizations, and the spread of information and communications technology. The article is based on research in six highly endangered, protected areas in Central America. It discusses emerging trends in “connectedness” at local, national, regional, and international levels. Looking to the future, it concludes that “informational empowerment” can be a practical strategy for reducing poverty and environmental degradation.
Pyramidal neurons in immature rat hippocampus are sensitive to β-adrenergic agents

Abstract The development of hippocampal neuronal sensitivities to the β-noradrenergic agent, isoproterenol, was examined in tissue from immature rats. The in vitro hippocampal slice preparation was used to assess intracellularly recorded responses from hippocampal neurons to pressure-pulse and bath application of noradrenergic drugs. Effects of the drug on individual hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons were compared across several stages of development, ranging from postnatal day 4–5 (P4–5) to maturity. Isoproterenol, pressure-pulse applied to CA3c pyramidal cells, produced a depolarization of membrane potential and an increase in cell input resistance in tissue as young as P7. Spike frequency adaptation (in trains of action potentials triggered by depolarizing pulses) was reduced, as were the slow after-hyperpolarizations following the spike trains. All agonist effects were blocked by timolol, a β-antagonist. Drug-induced changes in cell membrane and firing properties in immature tissue were qualitatively similar to β-receptor-mediated noradrenergic effects in adult tissue. These results indicate that the β-receptor-mediated component of the noradrenergic effect in rat hippocampus is physiologically functional by the seventh day of postnatal life; at earlier times (P4–5) these β-receptor-mediated noradrenergic actions are, at best, equivocal.
Production of new trabecular bone in osteopenic ovariectomized rats by prostaglandin E2.

Serum chemistry and bone morphometry of the proximal tibial metaphysis were performed in 3-month-old double fluorescent-labeled, female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery for 4 months prior to treatment with 0, 0.3, 1, 3, or 6 mg of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/kg/day subcutaneously for 30 days. The 4-month postovariectomized rats possessed an osteopenic proximal tibial metaphysis with 7% trabecular area compared with controls (19%). PGE2 treatment elevated osteocalcin levels and augmented proximal tibial metaphyseal bone area in ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. Osteopenic, ovariectomized rats treated with 6 mg PGE2/kg/day for 30 days restored bone area to levels of agematched sham-operated rats. Morphometric analyses showed increased woven and lamellar bone area, fluorescent-labeled perimeter (osteoblastic recruitment), mineral apposition rate (osteoblastic activity), bone formation rate (BFR/BV), and longitudinal bone growth. These dramatic bone changes were all significantly increased at the doseresponse manner. This study showed that in vivo PGE2 is a powerful activator of bone remodeling, it increases both bone resorption and bone formation, and produces an anabolic effect by shifting bone balance to the positive direction. Furthermore, PGE2-induced augmentation of metaphyseal bone area in ovariectomized rats was at least two times greater than in sham-operated rats.
Fiber-optic spectral polarimeter using a broadband swept laser source

We present a novel fiber-optic spectral polarimetry instrument based on optical frequency domain interferometry to provide measurement of the Stokes spectra of collected light. Stokes spectra are encoded into discrete channels in the time delay domain. The instrument consists of a broadband swept laser source, calibrated wavemeter, two segments of polarization maintaining (PM) fiber, an analyzer and photo-receiver. Performance of the instrument is demonstrated by reconstruction of Stokes spectra for a variety of prepared incident polarization states.
Imagery and Change in the Twenty-first Century.

(1981). Imagery and change in the twenty‐first century. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 20, Leadership for the Twenty-first Century, pp. 229-236.
A COTS-MQS shipborne EO/IR imaging system

The Sea Star SAFIRE is a commercially developed, off the shelf, military qualified system (COTS-MQS) consisting of a 640 by 480 InSb infrared imager, laser rangefinder and visible imager in a gyro-stabilized platform designed for shipborne applications. These applications include search and rescue, surveillance, fire control, fisheries patrol, harbor security, and own-vessel perimeter security and self protection. Particularly challenging considerations unique to shipborne systems include the demanding environment conditions, man-machine interfaces, and effects of atmospheric conditions on sensor performance. Shipborne environmental conditions requiring special attention include electromagnetic fields, as well as resistance to rain, ice and snow, shock, vibration, and salt. Features have been implemented to withstand exposure to water and high humidity; anti-ice/de-ice capability for exposure to snow and ice; wash/wipe of external windows; corrosion resistance for exposure to water and salt spray. A variety of system controller configurations provide man-machine interfaces suitable for operation on ships. EO sensor developments that address areas of haze penetration, glint, and scintillation will be presented.
Undesired Background Subtraction in a Logarithmic Count Rate Meter Circuit

Background compensation can be accomplished by simple subtraction of a background signal in the linear count rate meter. However, in the logarithmic count rate meter circuit (Cooke-Yarborough type), compensation must be accomplished by subtraction from each section of the logarithmic circuit before summing the outputs of the sections. The method is described and mathematically justified in the following article.
The effects of uncertainty and sex in a crisis simulation game

We conducted an experimental test of spiraling behavior, sex differences, and uncertainty in a simulated crisis situation. We investigated the relationship between weapons acquisition and the likelihood of engaging in aggressive behavior, such as going to war. The sample included 100 male and female subjects who participated in a crisis simulation in same‐sex dyads; each student was instructed to role play the leader of a country in conflict with another leader over a nearby island replete with newly discovered oil resources. Participants were randomly assigned to stimulus materials that manipulated the certainty of the information they received about their partner's force structure. In four cycles of decision‐making, each participant made procurement decisions, took an action related to the conflict, including decisions about going to war, completed questionnaires on characteristics such as the hostility and trustworthiness of themselves and their opponents, and wrote messages to the other member of the ...
Multi-force dewatering for magnetic waste materials

Abstract The ability to effectively dewater many industrial wastes is often a severe limitation in their recycling or disposal. Wastes from steel-making frequently fall into this category, and there are numerous steel plants, and allied industries, operating around the world producing large quantities of such waste. Many of the waste slurries from the steel industry are characterized by their low solids content ( 50% Fe), high content of magnetic material (> 50% Fe 3 O 4 ), and fine particle size ( μ m). These properties often preclude effective dewatering, which is necessary to reduce the volume of the waste materials for disposal or recycling. In addition, an effective dewatering process can produce a solids-free liquid product, which can be recycled or discarded as a non-hazardous stream. This paper deals with the development of a novel process for dewatering waste pulps containing fine, magnetic material. The process involves chemical flocculation in a magnetic field and the application of a vacuum to remove the water from the flocced pulp producing a filter cake and a filtrate. The patented technique of multi-force dewatering has been implemented through the construction of a novel piece of equipment, consisting of a vacuum drum filter fitted with an internal, fixed magnet. A rare earth magnet fabricated by Eriez Magnetics of Erie, PA, has been incorporated into a laboratory vacuum drum filter by WesTech Engineering Inc. of Salt Lake City, UT. The paper describes the results of multi-force dewatering tests using artificial magnetic mineral pulps and actual steel plant wastes. It has been shown that the application of a magnetic field significantly alters the filtration mechanism for pulps containing magnetic particles. The filter cake appears to be kept open, possibly due to the formation of channels resulting from the alignment of magnetic particles along the lines of magnetic force. This permits a thick filter cake to be formed while maintaining filtrate flow through the bed. The overall result of the multi-force filtering is a large increase in filtration capacity.
High resolution x-ray diffraction analyses of GaN/LiGaO2

Lithium gallate (LiGaO2) is gaining increasing attention as a potential substrate for the growth of the important semiconductor GaN. In order to better understand this material we have performed high-resolution double- and triple-axis x-ray diffraction analyses of both the starting LiGaO2 and GaN/LiGaO2 following epitaxial growth. A high-resolution triple-axis reciprocal space map of the substrate showed a sharp, well-defined crystal truncation rod and a symmetric streak of intensity perpendicular to q002, suggesting high structural quality with mosaic spread. Triple-axis scans following GaN growth showed (1) the development of isotropic diffuse scatter around the LiGaO2 (002) reflection, (2) the presence of a semi-continuous intensity streak between the LiGaO2 (002) and GaN (0002) reflections, and (3) a compact pattern of diffuse scatter around the GaN (0002) reflection that becomes increasingly anisotropic as the growth temperature is increased. These results suggest that LiGaO2 permits the epitaxial growth of GaN with structural quality that may be superior to that observed when growth is performed on SiC or Al2O3.
The Apocalypse Unveiled: Reflections on the Reception History of Revelation

The Book of Revelation has been subject to diverse and sometimes conflicting interpretations across the centuries. The tendency of historical-critical scholars has been to dismiss many of these as eisegesis rather than exegesis. This article surveys the main stages in the reception history of John’s visionary book, and attempts to categorise these diverse readings and highlight similarities between them. It considers how the Apocalypse has been adaptable enough to speak to Christians facing persecution from imperial Rome of the second and third centuries or papal Rome of the sixteenth, monastics in the settled period of Byzantium and the medieval West, those seeking insight into the future course of history, and marginalised readers challenging the political status quo. It is argued that this rich impact – in art and music as well as formal commentary – is to be expected of a book which is highly allusive, and which combines a variety of different genres. Like the four living creatures John sees around th...
Imaging quality assessment of multiplexing x-ray radiography based on multi-beam x-ray source technology

Multiplexing technique has been widely used in telecommunication, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and various spectroscopic applications to drastically increase system throughput. In the field of radiology, however, it was just getting started to attract researchers attention recently due to the development of multi-beam x-ray source technology, especially the emergence of carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission based multi-beam x-ray source. The CNT multi-beam x-ray source provides an ideal signal source for multiplexing x-ray imaging applications because of its capability of modulating x-ray radiation waveforms. The feasibility of multiplexing x-ray radiography has been successfully demonstrated experimentally using a CNT fi eld emission enabled multi-beam x-ray imaging system. The idea of applying multiplexing radiography in computed tomography (CT) to speed up scanning speed has also been proposed. At the same time several simulation studies on th e evaluation of multiplexing x-ray imaging performance have been reported. In this study, we repo rted our recent investigation on the imaging quality assessment of multiplexing x-ray radiography based on the simulation work stimulated by our previous experimental experience. A computer program was written to simulate the imaging process of the as-developed multi-beam x-ray imaging system. The impacts of different noise components on multiplexing imaging quality were studied. Our preliminary results indicated that the performance of multiplexing x-ray radiography is closely related to the noise environment and x-ray tube current stability. Under appropriate imaging conditions, multiplexing radiography has the potential to achieve higher imaging speed without significantly sacrificing the imaging quality. Keywords : multi-beam x-ray source technology, multiplexing x-ray radiography, quantum noise, electronic noise
Anti-ERBB2 sh-RNA Suppress Both Cell Growth and Tumor Growth in ERBB2-Overexpressing Upper Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinomas

ERBB2 is overexpressed in 15–25% of upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. We use a stable lentiviral shRNA model to demonstrate that ERBB2 suppression in upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas with documented ERBB2 amplification effectively decreases ERBB2 protein levels and decreases cell viability. Further, we evaluate tumor growth of cells treated with the ERBB2 shRNA. Three upper gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma cells lines with varying ERBB2 levels were treated with one of three separate lentiviral green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled ERBB2 shRNA vectors or a nonsilencing control shRNA vector for 6 h. Protein levels on day 6 and cell viability was evaluated on days 3–10. A xenograft in vivo experiment was performed using OE19 cells pretransduced with ERBB2 shRNA to evaluate tumor growth. ERBB2 protein levels decreased by 80%. ERBB2 knockdown significantly decreased cell viability in cell lines with high ERBB2 levels. In vivo tumor growth was suppressed in ERBB2-shRNA-treated groups. ERBB2 suppression based on a stable lentiviral shRNA transfection system effectively decreases cell viability in cell lines with amplification of ERBB2 as compared to cell lines without overexpression. ERBB2 knockdown significantly decreases tumor growth in vivo. ERBB2-directed therapy may be of benefit in the subset of patients with gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas exhibiting overamplification of ERBB2.
System Autonomy Hooks And Scars For Space Station

The potential role of automation and robotics (A&R) technologies relating to system autonomy for the Space Station Program has been addressed and evaluated in numerous reports and studies. Of particular importance is the nearly unanimous conclusion that A&R must play a significant role in the achievement of long-term goals for the Station. There are many interrelated issues associated with automating the Station. One major concern is planning for an evolving Station which progressively attains higher levels of autonomy over its lifetime. Planning for an evolving Station is tantamount to planning for continual change. Effective planning for evolution requires that the Station be designed initially in order to accept more than just new equipment and software. This paper addresses some of the more critical hooks and scars which must be incorporated into the Initial Operational Capability (IOC) Space Station in order to pave the way for graceful acceptance of emerging automation technologies in the future.
Catalytic Growth of Structured Carbon via the Decomposition of Chlorobenzene over Ni/SiO2

The synthesis of highly ordered carbonaceous materials, including carbon nanofibers, has been the subject of a disparate and burgeoning literature over the past decade. The growth of carbon nanofibers by an atypical catalytic route, the decomposition of chlorobenzene over (10%w/w) Ni/SiO2, is considered in this paper. The reaction of chlorobenzene with hydrogen in the temperature range 550–700 °C also generated benzene via hydrodechlorination and a volatile component that results from catalytic hydrocracking/hydrogenolysis, The characteristics of the carbonaceous product are illustrated through a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The response of carbon yield and structural order to varying reaction time (up to 4 h on-stream) and temperature are presented and discussed. Under identical reaction conditions, the chlorobenzene feed delivered appreciably higher carbon yields than that recorded for the decomposition of benzene while the carbon growth in the former case was significantly more ordered. These findings are discussed in terms of Cl/catalyst interaction(s) and metal site restructuring.
Identification of 14-3-3ζ as a Protein Kinase B/Akt Substrate

Protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt) is a member of the ACG kinase family, which also includes protein kinase C, that phosphorylates a number of 14-3-3-binding proteins. 14-3-3 protein regulation of protein kinase C activity is modulated by 14-3-3 phosphorylation. We examined the hypothesis that PKB/Akt interacts with and phosphorylates 14-3-3ζ, leading to modulation of dimerization. By glutathione S-transferase pull-down, Akt precipitated recombinant 14-3-3ζ and endogenous 14-3-3ζ from HEK293 cell lysates. Recombinant active PKB/Akt phosphorylated recombinant 14-3-3ζ in an in vitro kinase assay. Transfection of active PKB/Akt into HEK293 cells resulted in phosphorylation of 14-3-3ζ. Based on a motif search of 14-3-3ζ, a potential PKB/Akt phosphorylation site, Ser-58, was mutated to alanine. PKB/Akt was unable to phosphorylate this mutant protein. Incubation of 14-3-3ζ with recombinant active PKB/Akt resulted in phosphorylation of 45% of the protein, as determined by a pI shift on two-dimensional electrophoresis, but 14-3-3ζ dimerization was not altered. These data indicate that PKB/Akt phosphorylates Ser-58 on 14-3-3ζ both in vitro and in intact cells. The functional relevance of this phosphorylation remains to be determined.
Outcomes of a Comentoring Project: Inspiration and Admiration

A comentoring project paired students in a lifespan developmental psychology course with older adults to conduct a life review. The intergenerational paring was designed to increase students' knowledge of older adults, the aging process, and development across the lifespan. Students developed a paper that included their partner's life history, a developmental analysis, and a personal reflection. The results of an exploratory qualitative analysis of students' personal reflections revealed salient themes, such as introspection, and themes not previously reported in the literature including inspiration, admiration, and role modeling by the older adults.
High-resolution maps of forest-urban watersheds present an opportunity for ecologists and managers

Context Green infrastructure may improve water quality and mitigate flooding in forest-urban watersheds, but reliably quantifying all benefits is challenging because most land cover maps depend on moderate- to low-resolution data. Complex and spatially heterogeneous landscapes that typify foresturban watersheds are not fully represented with these types of data. Hence important questions concerning how green infrastructure influences water quality and quantity at different spatial scales remain unanswered. Objectives Demonstrate the feasibility of creating novel high-resolution land cover maps across entire watersheds and highlight deficiencies of standard land cover products. Methods We used object-based image analysis (OBIA) to create high-resolution (0.5 m) land cover maps and detect tree canopy overlapping impervious surfaces for a representative forest-urban watershed in Duluth, MN, USA. Unbiased estimates of accuracy and area were calculated and compared with similar metrics for the 30-m National Land Cover Database (NLCD). Results Mapping accuracies for the high-resolution land cover and canopy overlap maps were *90 %. Error-adjusted estimates of area indicated that impervious surfaces comprised *21 % of the watershed, tree canopy overlapped *10 % of impervious surfaces, and that three high-resolution land cover classes differed significantly from similar NLCD classes. Conclusions OBIA can efficiently generate highresolution land cover products of entire watersheds that are appropriate for research and inclusion in the decision-making process of managers. Metrics derived from these products will likely differ from standard land cover maps and may produce new insights, especially when considering the unprecedented opportunity to evaluate fine-scale spatial heterogeneity across watersheds.
A ballooning heart-giant left ventricular apical pseudoaneurysm presenting as congestive heart failure

Left ventricular (LV) pseudo aneurysm is a contained rupture of ventricular wall by adherent pericardium or scar tissue. We present a case of a 70 year-old male presented with exertional dyspnea for 2 months and found to have giant LV pseudo aneurysm on transthoracic echocardiogram, cardiac MRI and angiogram. To our knowledge such a large pseudo aneurysm involving LV apex and presenting as congestive heart failure is the first case in literature.
Perturbation theory for optical diffusion theory: general approach for absorbing and scattering objects in tissue

We develop a perturbation theory for diffuse light transport in random media that is applicable to objects with different scattering and absorption than the surrounding medium. The effect of an object with increased absorption is a simple depletion of the surrounding light field. An object with increased scattering causes a similar depletion that can be interpreted as scattering induced absorption. Additionally, a sharp transition of the scattering coefficient at the surface causes a dipole-like surface induced back scattering of light in the direction of the source. In an example we show that the first order 'Born' approximation fails for too strong perturbations, but that an iterative algorithm to calculate higher order approximations can still yield accurate results.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Personality Characteristics and Preferences in Pet Ownership

The possibilities for matching pets to owners' personality-types for physical and psycho-social benefits were explored. It was hypothesized that self-identified dog- and cat-lovers would show signi...
SU‐FF‐T‐348: Beam Attenuation and Beam Spoiling Properties of An Electromagnetic Array Used for Patient Localization and Tumor Tracking

Purpose: To investigate the beam attenuation and beam spoiling properties of the Calypso electromagnetic array used for patient localization and tumor tracking during the radiation delivery Method and Materials: One of the main components of the Calypso 4D system is an electromagnetic array placed above patients who are implanted with transponders. We measured both the narrow and board beam attenuationproperties of the array including the effect of beam angle (0 to 90 degree). A photon diode placed in cylindrical graphite buildup cap was used for narrow geometry, field size of 1 cm ×1 cm , and a 0.6 cc cylindrical farmer chamber placed in a polystyrene buildup cap for broad geometry, field size of 10 cm × 10 cm. For broad beam geometry, distances of 2, 5, and 10 cm between the chamber and the array were used. Measurements were performed using a Varian Clinac IX linear accelerator with 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams. Beam spoiling properties of the array was studied by placing the array above a water equivalent phantom with an imbedded Markus parallel plate chamber and measuring depth doses. Depth doses were measured for both 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams with 10 cm × 10 cm field size for distances of 2, 5, and 10 cm between array and phantom surface. Results: Narrow beam geometry attenuation is 1.5 % and 1.3% for 6 MV and 15 MV beam respectively. Beam angle dependence is more pronounced at angles greater than 70 degrees with attenuation greater than 5%. Broad beam attenuation, in clinical cases, is nonexistent due to scatter contribution. Spoiling properties could be appreciable. Conclusion:Attenuationproperties of the array may be ignored for treatment delivery for most clinical cases. Spoiling effect could be appreciable depending on array distance to patient surface.
Plasma lipid concentrations in college students performing self-selected exercise.

Plasma cholesterol and other blood lipids were determined in 64 college juniors and seniors during January and February 1989 (before exercise) and again during April and May 1989 (after exercise). A 14-week period of self-selected exercise was interposed between the before and after exercise cholesterol determinations. Cholesterol concentrations ranged from 127-273 mg/dl (before exercise) to 131-261 mg/dl (after exercise) in this group of students who were 22 +/− 1 years of age. There were no statistically significant differences in cholesterol concentrations between the genders. Students could be further subdivided into groups with low (144 +/− 3 mg/dl, n = 12), medium (176 +/− 6 mg/dl, n = 35), and high (224 +/− 6 mg/dl, n = 17) concentrations of cholesterol. Only students in the high cholesterol group experienced a significant reduction in total cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol after 14 weeks of exercise. High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher i...
Selective detection of Fe(III) ions in aqueous solution with a 1,8-diacridylnaphthalene-derived fluorosensor

Abstract The syn-isomer of 1,8-bis(4,4′-diisopropyl-9,9′-diacridyl)naphthalene, 1 , has been prepared by two consecutive Pd(PPh3)4-catalyzed Stille cross-coupling steps. This highly congested sensor undergoes Fe(III)-selective fluorescence quenching in water/acetonitrile even in the presence of excess of other metal ions.
Treatment of domestic sewage by using solar distillation and plant culture

Abstract A solar‐still‐greenhouse system was investigated for treatment of sewage, recovery of high quality distillate, and to utilize the nutrients contained in sewage for plant culture. Two small solar‐still‐greenhouses were constructed and operated. The temperature variation in the solar stills and greenhouses, distillate condensation rate and its quality and plant viability in both units were investigated. The results indicate that solar radiation deodorizes sewage and reduces its BOD in the still. Condensates were free of coliform organisms, contained ammonia nitrogen and BOD in small concentrations.
The implications of environmental epigenetics: A new direction for geographic inquiry on health, space, and nature-society relations

The emergent field of environmental epigenetics, which studies health effects of ‘xenobiotic’ chemicals, fundamentally challenges standard models of the biochemical pathways that shape bodies and human health. This article explores the implications of these discoveries for geographic knowledge in the nature-society and spatial traditions of human health, both of which have tended to black-box the material, biochemical body and treat the environment as an inert setting. Discoveries in epigenetics suggest that the environment is a biochemically active inducer of phenotypical development. In addition, understandings of the delayed temporality and intergenerational effects of epigenetic mechanisms challenge methodologies that privilege space.
Clustered Point Mutation Analysis of the Rat Prolactin Promoter

To identify DNA regions important for basal and hormone-stimulated transcription of the rat PRL gene, a series of clustered point mutations were prepared within the immediate 5′ flanking region. DNA fragments representing the wild-type and 19 different linker-scanner mutations of the PRL gene were each linked to a luciferase marker gene, and the DNA constructs were transferred into GH3 pituitary tumor cells by electroporation. Luciferase activity was determined 24 h after transfection in extracts from control cells or cells treated with 0.5 mm chlorophenylthio-cAMP, 100 nm TRH, or 100 nm phorbol myristate acetate. The individual clustered point mutations covered a region from just up-stream of the TATA box (position −30) to a position 193 basepairs up-stream from the start of transcription. Five regions in which mutations produced substantial decreases in both basal and cAMP-, TRH-, or phorbol ester-stimulated expression of the marker gene were detected. Three of these regions (positions −41 to −58, −113 ...
Osteotoxicity of cadmium and lead in HOS TE 85 and ROS 17/2.8 cells: relation to metallothionein induction and mitochondrial binding.

Epidemiological, experimental and clinical data indicate that cadmium and lead are osteotoxins in man and other species. The relative sensitivities of a clonal human osteosarcoma cell line (HOS TE 85) and a clonal rat osteosarcoma cell line (ROS 17.28) to the cytotoxic effects of cadmium and lead were tested in serum-free media without added growth factors. The rat osteosarcoma cells were more sensitive to cadmium with cytotoxicity and inhibition of proliferation at 0.25 versus 0.75 and 1.0 μmol l− cadmium, respectively, for human osteosarcoma cell lines. The lower sensitivity to cadmium of human osteosarcoma cells is attributed, at least partly, to induction of metallothionein synthesis by cadmium and zinc in this cell line; in the rat osteosarcoma cell line, they do not induce metallothionein synthesis. Human osteosarcoma cells were more sensitive than rat osteosarcoma cells to lead with inhibition (IC50) of proliferation at 4 μmol l− lead and cytotoxicity at 20 versus 6 and over 20 μmoll− lead, respectively, for these variables in rat osteosarcoma cells. Both cells lines attained the highest lead concentration in the 15 000 × g (mitochondrial) fraction. The lead in the mitochondrial, microsomal, nuclear and cytosolic fractions of the human cell line did not decrease during 24 h post-washout. Binding of lead was much less stable in the less sensitive rat cells, with 50–100% loss of mitochondrial, microsomal and nuclear lead during 24 h post-washout.
Effects of anesthesia on functional activation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism

Functional brain mapping based on changes in local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) or glucose utilization (lCMRglc) induced by functional activation is generally carried out in animals under anesthesia, usually α-chloralose because of its lesser effects on cardiovascular, respiratory, and reflex functions. Results of studies on the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the mechanism of functional activation of lCBF have differed in unanesthetized and anesthetized animals. NO synthase inhibition markedly attenuates or eliminates the lCBF responses in anesthetized animals but not in unanesthetized animals. The present study examines in conscious rats and rats anesthetized with α-chloralose the effects of vibrissal stimulation on lCMRglc and lCBF in the whisker-to-barrel cortex pathway and on the effects of NO synthase inhibition with NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) on the magnitude of the responses. Anesthesia markedly reduced the lCBF and lCMRglc responses in the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus and barrel cortex but not in the spinal and principal trigeminal nuclei. l-NAME did not alter the lCBF responses in any of the structures of the pathway in the unanesthetized rats and also not in the trigeminal nuclei of the anesthetized rats. In the thalamus and sensory cortex of the anesthetized rats, where the lCBF responses to stimulation had already been drastically diminished by the anesthesia, l-NAME treatment resulted in loss of statistically significant activation of lCBF by vibrissal stimulation. These results indicate that NO does not mediate functional activation of lCBF under physiological conditions.
The Distribution of the Logarithm of the Sum of Two Log-Normal Variates

Abstract Let Z 1, Z 2 be two independent, identically distributed random variables whose logarithms are normally distributed. We derive the generating function, expectation, and variance of the logarithm of the sum of Z 1 and Z 2. The expressions for the expectation and variance involve the sums of rapidly converging series. Converging upper and lower bounds to the expectation are given to indicate the number of terms in the series that need to be evaluated to yield a specified number of significant places.