cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
More Than Just a Cargo Adapter, Melanophilin Prolongs and Slows Processive Runs of Myosin Va

Myosin Va (myoVa) is a molecular motor that processively transports cargo along actin tracks. One well studied cargo in vivo is the melanosome, a pigment organelle that is moved first by kinesin on microtubules and then handed off to myoVa for transport in the actin-rich dendritic periphery of melanocytes. Melanophilin (Mlph) is the adapter protein that links Rab27a-melanosomes to myoVa. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and quantum dot-labeled full-length myoVa, we show at the single-molecule level that Mlph increases the number of processively moving myoVa motors by 17-fold. Surprisingly, myoVa-Mlph moves ~4-fold slower than myoVa alone and with twice the run length. These two changes greatly increase the time spent on actin, a property likely to enhance the transfer of melanosomes to the adjacent keratinocyte. In contrast to the variable stepping pattern of full-length myoVa, the myoVa-Mlph complex shows a normal gating pattern between the heads typical of a fully active motor and consistent with a cargo-dependent activation mechanism. The Mlph-dependent changes in myoVa depend on a positively charged cluster of amino acids in the actin binding domain of Mlph, suggesting that Mlph acts as a "tether" that links the motor to the track. Our results provide a molecular explanation for the uncharacteristically slow speed of melanosome movement by myoVa in vivo. More generally, these data show that proteins that link motors to cargo can modify motor properties to enhance their biological role.
A competitive hexapeptide inhibitor of annexin A2 prevents hypoxia-induced angiogenic events

Extracellular proteolysis is an indispensable requirement for the formation of new blood vessels during neovascularization and is implicated in the generation of several angiogenic regulatory molecules. Anti-proteolytic agents have become attractive therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with excessive neovascularization. Annexin A2 (AnxA2) is an endothelial cell-surface receptor for the generation of active proteolytic factors, such as plasmin. Here, we show that AnxA2 is abundantly expressed in the neovascular tufts in a murine model of neovascularization. Exposure to hypoxic conditions results in elevation of AnxA2 and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMVECs). We show that the hexapeptide competitive inhibitor LCKLSL, which targets the N-terminal tPA-binding site of AnxA2, binds efficiently to cell-surface AnxA2 compared with binding of the control peptide LGKLSL. Treatment with the competitive peptide inhibits the generation of plasmin and suppresses the VEGF-induced activity of tPA under hypoxic conditions. Application of the competitive peptide in two in vivo models of angiogenesis demonstrated suppression of the angiogenic responses, which was also associated with significant changes in the vascular sprouting. These results suggest that AnxA2-mediated plasmin generation is an important event in angiogenesis and is inhibited by a specific competitive peptide that inhibits the binding of tPA to AnxA2.
ROS in plant development

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognized as important regulators of plant developmental programs and recent work on tip-growing systems has revealed a central role for the NADPH oxidases in generating such developmentally important ROS. Tip-growing cells have also shown that the functions of cytosolic ROS, acting as regulators of activities such as ion channel gating, are closely linked to those of ROS produced to the apoplast, where they act to modulate cell wall properties. Thus, coordination of ROS production and their activities between compartments is emerging as an important theme in our understanding of how growth and developmental programs are integrated.
Different Single Receptor Domains Determine the Distinct G Protein Coupling Profiles of Members of the Vasopressin Receptor Family

The vasopressin receptor family is unique among all classes of peptide receptors in that its individual members couple to different subsets of G proteins. The V1a vasopressin receptor, for example, is preferentially linked to G proteins of the Gq/11 class (biochemical response: stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis), whereas the V2 vasopressin receptor is selectively coupled to Gs (biochemical response: stimulation of adenylyl cyclase). To elucidate the structural basis underlying this functional heterogeneity, we have systematically exchanged different intracellular domains between the V1a and V2 receptors. Transient expression of the resulting hybrid receptors in COS-7 cells showed that all mutant receptors containing V1a receptor sequence in the second intracellular loop were able to activate the phosphatidylinositol pathway with high efficiency. On the other hand, only those hybrid receptors containing V2 receptor sequence in the third intracellular loop were capable of efficiently stimulating cAMP production. These findings suggest that the differential G protein coupling profiles of individual members of a structurally closely related receptor subfamily can be determined by different single intracellular receptor domains.
Grading According to a Rubric

One place the use of rubrics can be found is in the literature on taxonomies of learning. 3 The most famous is Bloom's taxonomy, cre­ ated half a century ago and recently revised. 4 One of the more promi­ nent themes in the revised work is the distinction between retention and transfer. The idea is that we would like our students not only to rerriember the content and skills taught in our courses, but also to be able to transfer this knowledge to novel situations. Thus, in having a student write an argumentative paper in a philosophy class, we are interested in assessing whether the student has retained the ideas, is­ sues, and arguments taught in the class, as well as whether the student can transfer this knowledge to the novel situation of creating his or her own argument. Bloom's taxonomy has two dimensions: one for types of knowledge, and one for types of cognitive processes. The different types of knowl­ edge represent divisions along a continuum that ranges from concrete to abstract. One of the types of cognitive processes (remembering) indicates the process used for retention of, while the other five (under­ standing, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating) are increasingly relevant to the transfer of, each of the types of knowledge. One of the uses of the taxonomy that the authors stress is maintain­ ing an alignment between educational objectives, instructional activi­ ties, and assessment. Each objective, activity, and assessment can be classified in the taxonomy, and, when this is done, it is immediately obvious whether these are in agreement. Grading (or scoring) rubrics can be employed in the service of this goal, by ensuring the codifying of the educational objectives into an assessment scheme, then guiding the choice of instructional activities.
On null-kypothesis limiting distributions of kolmogorov-slfirnov type statistics with estinated location and scale parameters

We treat the "goodnessoffit" problem of testing whether the distribution F of a random sample X2,…,Xn belongs to a specified location and scale family, with the particular values (a,B) of the location and scale parameters not both specified. A foundation for testing such a composite hypothesis is provided by an associated "empirical" stochastic process, based upon the sample distribution function corresponding to X2,…,Xn and upon estimates of (α,β). Statistics of Kolmogorov-Smirnov type may be represented as well-behaved functionals of the empirical process. It follows that the limit distributions of such test statistics are given by applying the corresponding functionals to the limit in distribution of the empirical process, provided such a convergence result holds. We proved such a convergence theorem under the null hypothesis. The result over laps with theorems of Durbin (1973)and Neuhaus (1976),but presents conditions which are more readily verified. Regarding the test statistics, the asymptotic distr...
Pathway based analysis of genotypes in relation to alcohol dependence

We introduce a method for detecting variants in several genes of related function with small effect on a phenotype of interest. Our method uses logistic regression to test whether multiple alleles within a functional set have significantly higher than expected predictive value, even though none individually may have strong individual effects. We illustrate this method by testing seven gene sets (including 48 genes), from a study with1350 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 130 addiction candidate genes studied in a sample of 575 alcohol dependence (AD) cases and 530 controls. We conclude that AD is related to variation in genes participating in Glutamate and γ-amino butyric acid signaling, as has been reported elsewhere, and in stress response pathways, but not with genes in several other systems implicated in other drugs of abuse.
Effects of vertically propagating thermal tides on the mean structure and dynamics of Mars' lower thermosphere

[1] A general circulation model of Mars' atmosphere is used to elucidate the effects of vertically propagating thermal tides excited near the surface on the zonal mean density, temperature and wind structure of Mars' atmosphere between 90 and 160 km. The effects are substantial, and amount to order 10–40%, 10–50 K and 50–160 m s−1, respectively, at these altitudes under low dust conditions (dust visible optical depth = 0.3). These induced changes in the zonal mean structure are dominated by the non-migrating tides. Of particular note are the mean density perturbations, which represent an important consideration for modeling of the aerobraking region (100–170 km).
Cyberliteracy: Navigating the Internet with Awareness, by L. J. Gurak. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001. vii + 194 pp. $30.00. ISBN 0-300-08979-1.

Gurak is an associate professor in the Rhetoric Department of the University of Minnesota who has been writing about and giving professional presentations about communication and the Internet since...
Innate immunity in the pathogenesis of polytropic retrovirus infection in the central nervous system

Neuroinflammation, including astrogliosis, microgliosis, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines is a common response in the central nervous system (CNS) to virus infection, including retrovirus infection. However, the contribution of this innate immune response in disease pathogenesis remains unresolved. Analysis of the neuroinflammatory response to polytropic retrovirus infection in the mouse has provided insight into the potential contribution of the innate immune response to retrovirus-induced neurologic disease. In this model, retroviral pathogenesis correlates with the induction of neuroinflammatory responses including the activation of astrocytes and microglia, as well as the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Studies of the neurovirulent determinants of the polytropic envelope protein as well as studies with knockout mice suggest that retroviral pathogenesis in the brain is multifaceted and that cytokine and chemokine production may be only one mechanism of disease pathogenesis. Analysis of the activation of the innate immune response to retrovirus infection in the CNS indicates that toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a contributing factor to retrovirus-induced neuroinflammation, but that other factors can compensate for the lack of TLR7 in inducing both neuroinflammation and neurologic disease.
Preliminary Findings of Genetic Taste Status Association with Fat Intake and Body Mass Index in Adult Females

Abstract Humans show genetic variation in taste perception observable by ability to taste PROP and differences in tongue anatomy. "Supertasters" taste PROP intensely bitter and have more papillae and taste buds on the anterior tongue than "nontasters." This tongue anatomical variation may influence sensory perception of fat and thus dietary behaviors toward fat. We hypothesized a negative association between PROP tasting and fat food preference and intake. Forty-four females (86 screened) met the study criteria of no reported otitis media history (mean age 34±9 years). Otitis media, a taste-related pathology, may confound PROP as a genetic taste measure. A screening determined PROP tasting: subjects rated bitterness of PROP-impregnated paper on a labeled magnitude scale. Fat preference and intake scores were calculated from subject's rating of 22 high fat foods on hedonic and frequency scales. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from reported height and weight. With Pearson correlation analysis, higher PROP tasting associated significantly with lower fat intake score (r=−.29, p=.05) and lower BMI (r=−.32, p
Natural Image Denoising with Convolutional Networks

We present an approach to low-level vision that combines two main ideas: the use of convolutional networks as an image processing architecture and an unsupervised learning procedure that synthesizes training samples from specific noise models. We demonstrate this approach on the challenging problem of natural image denoising. Using a test set with a hundred natural images, we find that convolutional networks provide comparable and in some cases superior performance to state of the art wavelet and Markov random field (MRF) methods. Moreover, we find that a convolutional network offers similar performance in the blind de-noising setting as compared to other techniques in the non-blind setting. We also show how convolutional networks are mathematically related to MRF approaches by presenting a mean field theory for an MRF specially designed for image denoising. Although these approaches are related, convolutional networks avoid computational difficulties in MRF approaches that arise from probabilistic learning and inference. This makes it possible to learn image processing architectures that have a high degree of representational power (we train models with over 15,000 parameters), but whose computational expense is significantly less than that associated with inference in MRF approaches with even hundreds of parameters.
Do we know enough to begin prevention interventions for dementia

Abstract This article reviews prior examples of successful prevention interventions and reviews whether comparable data are available to support a prevention campaign targeting later life cognitive decline and dementia. The evidence that risk factors for vascular disease—hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus—increase the incidence of dementia supports a prevention campaign now.
Human eNOS gene delivery attenuates cold-induced elevation of blood pressure in rats.

We previously showed that chronic cold exposure inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and decreases nitric oxide (NO) production. The aim of the present study was to evaluate...
Draft Genome Sequence of a Single Cell of SAR86 Clade Subgroup IIIa.

ABSTRACT SAR86 denotes a 16S clade of gammaproteobacteria that are ubiquitous in ocean surface waters. So far, SAR86 is resistant to cultivation; thus, little is known about the genome contents or physiology of this clade. Recently, four partial genome sequences for SAR86 subclades I and II were published. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of a single cell from SAR86 subgroup IIIa isolated from coastal waters in San Diego, CA.
Teaching simulation with Σ

S (pronounced SIGMA denoting Simulation Graphical Modeling and Analysis) is an interactive graphics approach to building, testing, and experimenting with discrete event simulation models on personal computers. S is written in C but is self-contained and does not need a compiler or special graphics software. S is an extension of the simulation teaching system report in [2].The version of S described here requires an IBM PC compatible computer (AT preferred) with at least 420K of free memory, a floppy disk drive, an EGA or equivalent monitor with the corresponding graphics card, and a mouse.
Kinetics of fixed‐bed adsorption: A new solution

A new solution to the kinetics of a fixed-bed adsorber in response to a step change in feed concentration is obtained for a linear equilibrium system, considering the resistance to mass transfer in both the mobile and stationary phases. The differential equations of continuity and mass transfer are integrated by simulating the intraparticle concentration profile with a parabola. The results agree with Rosen's rigorous but complex solution.
Strategic Management Concepts and Practices in Pakistan: A Construction Industry Perspective

Construction industry is generally regarded as project based industry. Construction Project Management places large emphasize on planning and execution of the projects due to this project based nature of industry. Construction firms only consider project performance, the parameter to measure success, neglecting importance of strategic planning and management for higher profitability and quality business operations. Rapidly changing social and technological issues are creating such a professional environment that will enhance the need of strategically defining organization’s goals in the construction industry in coming decades. To meet such a challenge, requires identification of current industry level practices. This study tries to identify the current nature of strategic management concepts and practices by the construction firms in Pakistan. Results have shown that strategy evaluation, research and development and use of management information system as a decision tools lacks in the construction industry. It is recommended that construction industry should join hands with the academia to undertake certain research & development projects that can benefit both of the parties.
Nuclear Sphingolipid Metabolism

Nuclear lipid metabolism is implicated in various processes, including transcription, splicing, and DNA repair. Sphingolipids play roles in numerous cellular functions, and an emerging body of literature has identified roles for these lipid mediators in distinct nuclear processes. Different sphingolipid species are localized in various subnuclear domains, including chromatin, the nuclear matrix, and the nuclear envelope, where sphingolipids exert specific regulatory and structural functions. Sphingomyelin, the most abundant nuclear sphingolipid, plays both structural and regulatory roles in chromatin assembly and dynamics in addition to being an integral component of the nuclear matrix. Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulates histone acetylation, sphingosine is a ligand for steroidogenic factor 1, and nuclear accumulation of ceramide has been implicated in apoptosis. Finally, nuclear membrane-associated ganglioside GM1 plays a pivotal role in Ca(2+) homeostasis. This review highlights research on the factors that control nuclear sphingolipid metabolism and summarizes the roles of these lipids in various nuclear processes.
Fast converging algorithms for neural network approximation

Results concerning the approximation rates of neural networks are of particular interest to engineers. The results reported in the literature have "slow approximation rates" (of the order of 1/Jm, where m is the number of parameters in the neural network). However, many empirical studies report that neural network approximation is quite effective in practice. Here we give an explanation of this unreasonable effectiveness by proving the existence of a sequence of approximations that converge at a faster rate by using methods from number theory.
Searching for Equilibrium: The Tenuous Nature of the Outcome Test

Based on Engel's critique of the outcome test and Persico and Todd's response, the underlying assumptions critical to the outcome test are summarized and discussed. It is argued that many of these assumptions are not met when applied to police search data. The key underlying assumption—the principle of equilibrium—is examined in detail, and several additional concerns are raised. Thereafter, the proper interpretations of outcome test analyses are reiterated, and discussion regarding the types of racial bias demonstrated by these analyses is further explored.
Diurnal and lunar periodicity of intestinal calcium transport and plasma calcium in the frog, Rana pipiens.

Abstract o 1. Calcium transport in frog duodenum displayed wide amplitude diurnal changes with maximum transport at night while diurnal changes were of low magnitude in the jejunum-ilcum. 2. Diurnal patterns at four major lunar phases throughout the synodical lunar month show peaks of activity that correspond to times of high and low lunar transit. 3. Maximal plasma calcium levels are coincident with maximal periods of duodenal calcium transport.
Homozygous deletions within chromosomal bands 9p21-22 in bladder cancer.

The loss of DNA sequences on chromosomal bands 9p21–22 has been documented in a variety of malignancies including leukemias, gliomas, lung cancers, and melanomas. Because of the high incidence of monosomy 9 detected by both cytogenetics and loss of heterozygosity studies in bladder cancer, we examined seven bladder cancer cell lines for deletions in this region. Using seven DNA probes that span the region of 9p21–22 as well as a functional assay for methylthioadenosine phosphorylase ( MTAP ), which maps to 9p21, we found four cell lines that had small homozygous deletions. These deletions map centromeric to the interferon ( IFN ) gene cluster and telomeric to D9S171 . Only one of the cell lines with deletions had a cytogenetically evident lesion in this chromosomal region. Preliminary loss of heterozygosity studies with 10 primary bladder cancer specimens using 10 markers spanning chromosome 9 revealed loss of heterozygosity at the IFN locus with retention of heterozygosity with more centromeric 9p markers and all informative 9q markers in the tumor of one patient. These data suggest that loss of a tumor suppressor gene on 9p21–22, which may represent a general pathway of oncogenesis, is important in bladder cancer development.
Parameterized transient thermal behavioral modeling for chip multiprocessors

In this paper, we propose a new architecture-level parameterized transient thermal behavioral modeling algorithm for emerging thermal related design and optimization problems for high-performance chip-multiprocessor (CMP) design. We propose a new approach, called ParThermPOF, to build the parameterized thermal performance models from the given architecture thermal and power information. The new method can include a number of parameters such as the locations of thermal sensors in a heat sink, different components (heat sink, heat spread, core, cache, etc.), thermal conductivity of heat sink materials, etc. The method consists of two steps: first, response surface method based on low-order polynomials is applied to build the parameterized models at each time point for all the given sampling nodes in the parameter space. Second, an improved generalized pencil-of-function (GPOF) method is employed to build the transfer-function based behavioral models for each time-varying coefficient of the polynomials generated in the first step. Experimental results on a practical quad-core microprocessor show that the generated parameterized thermal model matchs the given data very well. ParThermPOF is very suitable for design space exploration and optimization where both time and system parameters need to be considered.
Growing roles for the mTOR pathway

The mammalian TOR (mTOR) pathway is a key regulator of cell growth and proliferation and increasing evidence suggests that its deregulation is associated with human diseases, including cancer and diabetes. The mTOR pathway integrates signals from nutrients, energy status and growth factors to regulate many processes, including autophagy, ribosome biogenesis and metabolism. Recent work identifying two structurally and functionally distinct mTOR-containing multiprotein complexes and TSC1/2, rheb, and AMPK as upstream regulators of mTOR is beginning to reveal how mTOR can sense diverse signals and produce a myriad of responses.
Questions and Answers on Labeling of Drugs for Children

A brief review of pediatric off-label prescribing reveals a need for remedial action. Real and presumed impediments to acquisition of clinical trial data in children are examined. Many impediments are found to lack substantive merit and fail to offer cause for not undertaking pediatric clinical trials. Recent legislative, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and National Institutes of Health (NIH) actions, offer remedial measures to increase labeling of drugs for children and thus decrease off-label prescribing prevalent for 30 years.
Chronic hypertension in pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study.

Objective Chronic hypertension is a common medical condition in pregnancy. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between maternal chronic hypertension and the risk of congenital malformations in the offspring. Study Design We defined a cohort of 878,126 completed pregnancies linked to infant medical records using the Medicaid Analytic Extract. The risk of congenital malformations was compared between normotensive controls and those with treated and untreated chronic hypertension. Confounding was addressed using propensity score matching. Results After matching, compared with normotensive controls, pregnancies complicated by treated chronic hypertension were at increased risk of congenital malformations (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–1.5), as were pregnancies with untreated chronic hypertension (OR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3). In our analysis of organ-specific malformations, both treated and untreated chronic hypertension was associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiac malformations (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4–1.9 and OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.7, respectively). These associations persisted across a range of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion There is a similar increase in the risk of congenital malformations (particularly cardiac malformations) associated with treated and untreated chronic hypertension that is independent of measured confounders. Studies evaluating the teratogenic potential of antihypertensive medications must control for confounding by indication. Fetuses and neonates of mothers with chronic hypertension should be carefully evaluated for potential malformations, particularly cardiac defects.
The use of expanded criteria cadaver and live donor kidneys for transplantation.

The increase in demand for cadaver organs has intensified the shortage of cadaver organs and increased the waiting time for recipients. Because of the chronic shortage of available donor kidneys for transplantation, many organ centers have expanded their range of acceptance criteria in deterrnining the suitability of donor kidneys for transplantation. The expectation that expanded criteria donor kidneys will function and result in graft survival similar to kidneys from traditionally more optimal donors is the rationale for transplanting kidneys that in the past would have been discarded. This article reviews issues concerning donor selection criteria, procurement, allograft preservation, and outcomes of transplantations of donor kidneys from cadaver and living expanded criteria donors.
Co-variation of nitrogen isotopes and redox states through glacial–interglacial cycles in the Black Sea

Abstract In all aquatic environments, nitrogen cycling within the water column is strongly influenced by oxygen. We hypothesize that the nitrogen isotopic composition (δ 15 N) of organic matter deposited in the sediments is a proxy for the redox state of the water column at the time of deposition. We tested the hypothesis by measuring the bulk sedimentary δ 15 N values in a drill core from the Black Sea, a basin that alternates between oxic, less saline conditions and anoxic, marine conditions on glacial–interglacial time scales. We reconstructed these changes in Black Sea redox conditions using sedimentary δ 15 N, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), redox-sensitive metals, and micropaleontological data from a deep-sea core (DSDP Site 380). The sedimentary data reveal that during the transitions between oxic and anoxic conditions, δ 15 N values increased relative to the preceding and succeeding quasi-steady-state oxic and anoxic periods. The results indicate that the reciprocal transitional states from anoxic to oxic conditions were accompanied by intense denitrification; during the quasi-stable oxic and anoxic states (characterized by glacial fresh water and interglacial marine conditions) nitrification and complete nitrate utilization, respectively, dominate the nitrogen cycle. While other factors may influence the δ 15 N record, our results support the hypothesis that the variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of organic matter are strongly influenced by changes in redox state in the Black Sea subphotic zone on glacial–interglacial time scales, and can be explained by a relatively simple model describing the effects of oxygen on the microbial processes that drive the nitrogen cycle in marine ecosystems. Our model suggests that the nitrogen isotopic composition of marine sediments, on geological time scales, can be used to reconstruct the redox state of the overlying water column.
Translation of entity-relationship diagrams into relational structures

Abstract An entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is considered to have two conceptual domains: its upper and lower conceptual domains. The semantic properties intrinsic in the upper conceptual domain were studied recently by Lien. In this paper, we discuss the properties inherent in the lower conceptual domain. We show that the latter contains a significant portion of the semantic information of an ERD and helps determine its data representation power. We develop the notions of fundamental functional dependencies (FDs) which can be readily recognized for the lower conceptual domain of an ERD, and regular ERDs which are ERDs such that all the FDs present among their attributes can be derived from their fundamental FDs. Then we give conditions under which a large number of ERDs are equivalent to their underlying relational structures.
Laboratory and Clinical Experience with the Transfer of Tumor Immunity with Immune RNA

The infectivity of ribonucleic acid (RNA) from numerous viruses for tissue cultured mammalian cells (including human) had been demonstrated repeatedly as early as 1956.1–3 Niu et al. first attempted to show cytoplasmic incorporation of C14-labelled RNA after in vivo injection and subsequent autoradiography of single cells obtained from an ascites tumor model.4 In 1962, investigators postulated that RNA extracted from normal tissues might inhibit tumor isograft growth in rats,5 and RNA extracted from normal human bone marrow cells was used to attempt “redifferentiation” of exposed human leukemic cells.6 However, the first unequivocal demonstration of what seemed to be a legitimate transfer of immunologic information affecting the humoral immune response was reported in 1961 by Fishman.7 After incubation of macrophages with bacteriophage T2, a lysate was prepared, filtered, and added to a culture of lymph node cells. Antibody directed against T2 was generated by the lysate-exposed lymph node cells. In 1963, Fishman and Adler8 demonstrated that RNA was most likely the active component in the macrophage extract capable of transferring antibody forming capacity to the previously unsensitized lymphocytes. In 1962 we had reported that transplantation immune responsiveness could be amplified by RNA extracted from lymphoid tissues of specifically immunized animals.9,10
Facts and fallacies: differentiation and the general education curriculum for students with special educational needs

As policy makers and educators respond to legislation promoting the inclusion of students with disabilities in general education classrooms, there is sometimes confusion about why this is being done and how it can be accomplished effectively. In this article, two categories of fallacies, or misunderstandings, are identified. The first fallacy is that students with disabilities are incapable of learning the general education curriculum. The second fallacy is that teachers are required to ‘cover’ the entire curriculum, sometimes at a pace that leaves students with and without disabilities behind. Facts are presented following each fallacy. These facts describe research-based pedagogies effective for students with and without disabilities, indicating that students with mild disabilities can learn the general education curriculum when responsive pedagogies are used. These facts also describe how schools that promote differentiation can potentially achieve higher scores on large-scale assessments than schools that promote ‘one size fits all’ instruction.
A new generalized cross correlator

A new generalized cross correlator (GCC) for the passive time delay estimation problem is presented. The interpretation of this GCC is that of estimating the cross-correlation function by cross correlating the least mean-square estimates of the signal component in each of the observed waveforms. The implementation is simply a GCC with the weighting filter equal to the magnitude coherency squared. Numerical evaluation of the performance of this processor and a robust version indicate that they compare favorably to some of the well-known GCC procedures.
Apprehending Politics: News Media and Individual Political Development

Apprehending Politics: News Media and Individual Political Development. By Marco Calavita. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. 285p. 27.95 paper.Marco Calavita conducted extensive interviews with 15 “Generation X” Americans in order to understand their political ideas and how contextual factors (particularly the news media) influenced these thoughts, feelings, and actions. He wisely prefers the term “individual political development” (p. 6) to “political socialization” because he finds it truer to the complex, dynamic, lifelong experience. He is particularly interested in exploring the role that the news media play in attitude formation, stability, and change.
Activity Patterns of Two Sympatric Species of Skunks (Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale gracilis) in Texas

Abstract We used radiotelemetry to document and compare activity and movement between the western spotted skunk Spilogale gracilis, and the striped skunk Mephitis mephitis in Texas. Mephitis mephitis had a higher rate of movement than S. gracilis. Both species had highest rates of movement during autumn, coinciding with dispersal of young. With the exception of summer, M. mephitis was significantly more active than S. gracilis and generally took shorter breaks during nightly activity. We documented statistical differences in activity between species for all seasons. Highest activity of one species occurred during lowest activity of the other species, which may indicate avoidance of the larger more-dominant species, M. mephitis, by S. gracilis.
A Schrödinger Equation Analog to the Generalized Langevin Equation of Classical Mechanics, with Application to Reactive Flux Correlation Functions

Within the time-dependent self consistent field (TDSCF) approximation it is shown that a Schrodinger equation can be derived which is analogous to the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) of classical mechanics. Application of this to evaluate reactive flux autocorrelation functions is discussed.
Mental Health Has a Stronger Association with Patient-Reported Shoulder Pain and Function Than Tear Size in Patients with Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures have increasingly accompanied objective examination findings in the evaluation of orthopaedic interventions. Our objective was to determine whether a validated measure of mental health (Short Form-36 Mental Component Summary [SF-36 MCS]) or measures of tear severity on magnetic resonance imaging were more strongly associated with self-assessed shoulder pain and function in patients with symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Methods: One hundred and sixty-nine patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled. Patients completed the Short Form-36, visual analog scales for shoulder pain and function, the Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) instrument at the time of diagnosis. Shoulder magnetic resonance imaging examinations were reviewed to document the number of tendons involved, tear size, tendon retraction, and tear surface area. Age, sex, body mass index, number of medical comorbidities, smoking status, and Workers’ Compensation status were recorded. Bivariate correlations and multivariate regression models were calculated to identify associations with baseline shoulder scores. Results: The SF-36 MCS had the strongest correlation with the visual analog scale for shoulder pain (Pearson correlation coefficient, −0.48; p 0.05). In all multivariate models, the SF-36 MCS had the strongest association with the visual analog scale for shoulder pain, the visual analog scale for shoulder function, the SST, and the ASES score (all p < 0.001). Conclusions: Patient mental health may play an influential role in patient-reported pain and function in patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Further studies are needed to determine its effect on the outcome of the treatment of rotator cuff disease. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Depressive Symptoms, Cognition, and Everyday Function Among Community-Residing Older Adults

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the relationships among depressive symptoms, cognition, and functional performance in a community-based sample of older adults. Method: Older adults (N = 885) from the Staying Keen in Later Life study completed tests of executive function, speed of processing, and memory. The Center for Epidemiologic Depression Scale assessed depressive symptoms. The Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Test assessed participants’ everyday functional performance. Results: Depressive symptoms had significant associations with measures of executive function, speed of processing, memory, and everyday functional performance. Cognitive performance completely mediated the association between depressive symptoms and everyday function. Discussion: Among community-dwelling older adults, depressive symptoms were associated with impaired cognition across multiple domains, which detrimentally affected everyday function. Health care providers should be aware of these associat...
Using Picture Books to Guide and Inspire Young Gifted Hispanic Students

The gifts and talents of Hispanic young children must be supported in elementary classrooms. High-quality children’s literature and picture book biographies of Hispanics enable educators to address...
Passive Antifibrinolytic Immunity.

As a preliminary to a study of passive antifibrinolytic immunity in laboratory animals, 5% high-titer commercial antistreptococcus serum† was added to freshly-drawn rabbit and rhesus bloods. The resulting passively immunized bloods were allowed to coagulate and serums separate. It was found that within the limits of the experimental error, the specific commercial antibody (“horse globulins”) could be demonstrated quantitatively1 in the resulting passively immunized serums, even after 30 days storage in the ice-chest.Seven rabbits were then injected intravenously with 5% of their calculated blood volumes of the same antistreptococcus serum. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of 15 minutes, 90 minutes and at stated intervals during the next 30 days. The serums from these samples were titrated for antihuman antistreptofibrinolysin, a scarlatinal strain of streptococcus and purified human fibrin being used in the technic. Ten percent of the same commercial antiserum plus 90% normal rabbit serum was used ...
Thermal Dike Concept for Plasma Confinement

The concept of a thermal dike for the reduction of electron heat loss parallel to the magnetic field from magnetically confined plasma to the material wall or divertor plates is discussed. The ponderomotive pressure of the rf field or the combination of the magnetic mirror and rf heating pushes the cold plasma towards the divertor plate. The influx of cold electrons is prevented by a thermal dike and the parallel heat loss which takes the form of exchange between hot and cold electrons in the long mean free path regime is reduced
Presence or Absence of QTc Prolongation in Buprenorphine-Naloxone Among Youth With Opioid Dependence.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate buprenorphine-naloxone effects on the QTc in youth with opioid dependence. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist that is an effective treatment for opioid dependence. Compared with methadone, it has a lower risk of QTc prolongation in adults, but is less studied in the youth. It may also reduce the risk of torsades de pointes (TdP)--an uncommon variant of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia--that can result in syncope, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden death. METHODS Secondary analysis of the electrocardiogram data from 95 individuals who participated in a multisite trial for youth with opioid dependence. The participants were randomized to a 2-week (DETOX) or a 12-week course of buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP). At baseline, 12-lead electrocardiograms were done at weeks 4 and 12, and QTc intervals were hand-measured and calculated using Bazett formula. Increases above 60 milliseconds were considered clinically significant, and readings above 450 milliseconds (in men) and 470 milliseconds (in women) indicated a prolonged QTc. RESULTS Mean QTc intervals were higher for BUP than for DETOX participants at baseline, week 4, and week 12 (P = 0.045), and women had longer mean QTc intervals than men (P < 0.0005). Variations in the QTc intervals were observed in some; however, none were above 500 milliseconds--the level at which risk for TdP becomes more significant. CONCLUSIONS In this randomized trial, the mean QTc at baseline, before randomization, was higher in BUP than in DETOX patients. Minimal changes in the QTc were seen at 4 and 12 weeks in a few patients in both groups. There was no evidence that buprenorphine-naloxone alone increased the QTc to a level that increased the risk for TdP.
Analysis of monitoring result of disinfection effect in 18 nurseries of Shunyi in 2010

Objective:The monitoring results of disinfection effect in18 nurseries in Shunyi district were analyzed to conduct targeted management and achieve the aim of protecting children's physical and mental health.Methods:According to "Technical Specifications for Disinfection"(version of 2002) published by Ministry of Health,microbial detection was conducted on indoor air,surface of teachers' and children's hands,toys,towels and other interior objects as well as tableware sampling.Results:The pass rate of indoor air,tableware,teachers' hands,children's hands,toys,towels,all hands,total surface and total bacterial count were100%,100%,75.6%,75%,95%,16%,72.7%,94.6%,89.5% respectively,while E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected.Conclusion:Staff in childcare institutions should continue to study related knowledge to create a better environment for children.
Genome-wide association mapping of Barley yellow dwarf virus tolerance in spring Oat (Avena sativa L.)

Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) are responsible for the disease barley yellow dwarf (BYD) and affect many cereals including oat (Avena sativa L.). Until recently, the molecular marker technology in oat has not allowed for many marker-trait association studies to determine the genetic mechanisms for tolerance. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on 428 spring oat lines using a recently developed high-density oat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array as well as a SNP-based consensus map. Marker-trait associations were performed using a Q-K mixed model approach to control for population structure and relatedness. Six significant SNP-trait associations representing two QTL were found on chromosomes 3C (Mrg17) and 18D (Mrg04). This is the first report of BYDV tolerance QTL on chromosome 3C (Mrg17) and 18D (Mrg04). Haplotypes using the two QTL were evaluated and distinct classes for tolerance were identified based on the number of favorable alleles. A large number of lines carrying both favorable alleles were observed in the panel.
Daily stressor reactivity during adolescence: The buffering role of parental warmth.

Objective This study examined youth stressor reactivity in the form of links between daily stressors and adolescents' negative affect, physical health symptoms, and cortisol patterns. We also tested whether youth gender and parental warmth moderated these linkages. Method Participants were the children of employees in the information technology division of a large company (N = 132, mean age = 13.39 years, 55% female). Youth completed daily diary telephone interviews on 8 consecutive evenings and provided saliva samples at 4 time points over 4 days to assess daily stressors and youth physiological and affective functioning. Parental warmth was assessed during in-home interviews. Multilevel modeling was used to account for interdependencies in the data. Results Youth who experienced more daily stressors, on average, reported more negative affect and physical health symptoms, on average. Furthermore, on days youth reported more stressors than usual (compared to their own across-day average), they also exhibited more physical health symptoms, reduced evening cortisol decline (e.g., flatter slopes), higher bedtime cortisol, and more negative affect. Girls had stronger within-person linkages between daily stressors and daily negative affect than boys. Parental warmth moderated these within-person linkages: Youth who experienced more parental warmth had lower negative affect and steeper cortisol decline than usual on less stressful days. However, youth who experienced less parental warmth had higher negative affect and their cortisol levels declined less, even on days with lower-than-usual stress. Conclusions Daily stressors are associated with youth's affective and physiological functioning, but parental warmth can support youth's stress recovery. (PsycINFO Database Record