cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Verb argument structure predicts implicit causality: The advantages of finer-grained semantics

While the referent of a nonreflexive pronoun clearly depends on context, the nature of these contextual restrictions is controversial. The present study seeks to characterise one representation that guides pronoun resolution. Our focus is an effect known as “implicit causality”. In causal dependant clauses, the preferred referent of a pronoun varies systematically with the verb in the main clause (contrast Sally frightened Mary because she … with Sally feared Mary because she…). A number of researchers have tried to explain and predict such biases with reference to semantic classes of verbs. However, such studies have focused on a small number of specially selected verbs. In Experiment 1, we find that existing taxonomies perform near chance at predicting pronoun-resolution bias on a large set of representative verbs. However, a more fine-grained taxonomy recently proposed in the linguistics literature does significantly better. In Experiment 2, we tested all 264 verbs in two of the narrowly defined verb c...
Generation of "unstable" doubly charged metal ion complexes in a laser vaporization cluster source

Doubly charged metal ion complexes of the form M 2+ (L)n are generated using a laser vaporization cluster source in conjunction with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Contrary to expectations, a variety of doubly charged species are produced with this source, including many so-called “unstable” or “metastable” ions in which the metal has a second ionization potential greater than the first ionization potential of the ligand or solvent. The species identified include Mg 2+ (CO2)n ,M g 2+ (H2O), Mg 2+ (Ar)n ,C o 2+ (Ar)n ,C o 2+ (H2O), Si 2+ (Ar)n and Ti 2+ (CO2)n. This is apparently the first observation by any means of Co 2+ (Ar)n ,T i 2+ (CO2)n and Si 2+ (Ar)n. Of the complexes studied, only the “stable” species Mg 2+ (Ar)n have been generated previously by laser vaporization. The conditions necessary for the production of these ions are investigated and possible mechanisms for their growth are suggested. Charge-transfer photodissociation is observed for Co 2+ (Ar) complexes.
Spectrum splitting photovoltaics: Light trapping filtered concentrator for ultrahigh photovoltaic efficiency

We investigate a spectrum splitting approach where light is trapped in a textured dielectric slab and coupled into underlying solar cells of different bandgaps through filters. We describe a specific design featuring an SiO2 textured slab coated with angle restricting incoupling elements and four underlying dual junction subcells, based on light trapping and efficiency considerations. We then design a full set of four omnidirectional filters based on aperiodic dielectric multilayer films to split the light entering each subcell into spectral bands tuned to the cell bandgaps. Based on the calculated filter performance, we estimate a receiver efficiency of 45% with this initial design.
Bacterial vaginosis: A problematic infection from both a perinatal and neonatal perspective

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infections are common in women of reproductive age and are easily diagnosed and treatable. Aside from being an annoyance when symptoms of discharge, odor, and pruritus occur in the gravid female, BV infections increase risk of late miscarriage, preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes, and, consequently, preterm delivery. Antepartum and puerperal issues such as chorioamnionitis and endometritis are increased in the context of maternal BV. Moreover, the morbidities and mortality of preterm delivery are consequently increased as a result of BV during pregnancy. Although the pathology associated with BV appears to result from inflammation, more investigation is needed in terms of designing guidelines for appropriate screening and treatment for the prevention of adverse outcomes.
Isolated cerebral mucormycosis of the basal ganglia

Isolated cerebral mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection for which morbidity and mortality remain high despite prompt tissue diagnosis and antifungal treatment. Intravenous drug use is strongly associated with this condition. However, other risk factors classically associated with systemic mucormycosis, such as poorly controlled diabetes and an immunocompromised state, are seldom seen in cases of isolated cerebral involvement. Here, we present a rare case of isolated mucormycosis of the basal ganglia by Rhizopus in a patient with multiple risk factors. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for isolated cerebral mucormycosis are also reviewed. Earlier detection and therapy are likely to lead to improvement in the course of this otherwise deadly disease.
Identification of residues in the hepatitis C virus core protein that are critical for capsid assembly in a cell-free system

Significant advances have been made in understanding hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication through development of replicon systems. However, neither replicon systems nor standard cell culture systems support significant assembly of HCV capsids, leaving a large gap in our knowledge of HCV virion formation. Recently, we established a cell-free system in which over 60% of full-length HCV core protein synthesized de novo in cell extracts assembles into HCV capsids by biochemical and morphological criteria. Here we used mutational analysis to identify residues in HCV core that are important for capsid assembly in this highly reproducible cell-free system. We found that basic residues present in two clusters within the N-terminal 68 amino acids of HCV core played a critical role, while the uncharged linker domain between them was not. Furthermore, the aspartate at position 111, the region spanning amino acids 82 to 102, and three serines that are thought to be sites of phosphorylation do not appear to be critical for HCV capsid formation in this system. Mutation of prolines important for targeting of core to lipid droplets also failed to alter HCV capsid assembly in the cell-free system. In addition, wild-type HCV core did not rescue assembly-defective mutants. These data constitute the first systematic and quantitative analysis of the roles of specific residues and domains of HCV core in capsid formation.
Comments on: Nonparametric inference with generalized likelihood ratio tests

We very much enjoyed reading this stimulating review. Generalized likelihood ratio testing for issues about such basic questions as to whether functions are constant is an appealing idea, and the bootstrap-under-the-null methodology for computing p-values makes these tests simple to implement. The methodology in Sect. 4.1 really is easy to apply and works extremely well. Naturally enough, this review has focused on the additive model problems, but it is worth pointing out that Fan et al. (2001) also showed the same type of Wilks phenomenon for generalized linear models, and presumably only algebra prevents one from concluding that it holds for all likelihood problems. At the very end of the paper, the authors ask the natural question about whether the Wilks phenomenon will hold if estimation and inference is based upon a robust criterion function, rather than upon least squares. We conjecture that the answer is no in terms of asymptotics, but yes in terms of actually computing p-values. This issue has been partially addressed many years ago by Schrader and Hettmansperger (1980) in the parametric context. They considered the parametric linear model which we write here in general as
Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Acts Primarily via the JAK/STAT Pathway to Promote Neurite Growth in the Major Pelvic Ganglion of the Rat: Part 2

ABSTRACT Introduction Identification of the molecular mechanism of cavernous nerve regeneration is essential for future development of neuroprotective and regenerative strategies. Aim To identify specific signal transduction pathway(s) associated with brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhanced cavernous nerve regeneration in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods Using 6‐month‐old male Fisher rats, inhibitors of four candidate signaling pathways were added to BDNF‐treated explant cultures of major pelvic ganglia with attached cavernous nerve fragments. Study groups comprised of controls, BDNF alone at 50 ng/mL, or BDNF 50 ng/mL and inhibitors against MEK, PI3‐K, PKA, and JAK/STAT pathways at increasing concentrations. Main Outcome Measure The maximal neurite length for each tissue culture was measured and the mean maximal length ± standard deviation was determined for all groups at 24, 36, and 48 hours. Results The JAK/STAT specific inhibitor AG490 significantly reduced BDNF‐enhanced neurite growth. Maximum neurite lengths at 24, 36, and 48 hours for BDNF 50 ng/mL treated groups were 182.3, 348.1, and 528.1 µm, compared with AG490 at 25 µM (86.4, 165.1, 278.3 µm), 50 µM (78.8, 151.7, 235.3 µm), and 100 µM (71.83, 107.0, 219.6 µm) ( P P Conclusion The JAK/STAT pathway is the major signal‐transduction pathway of BDNF‐enhanced cavernous nerve growth in an in vitro rat model. Bella AJ, Lin G, Tantiwongse K, Garcia M, Lin C‐S, Brant W, and Lue TF. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acts primarily via the JAK/STAT pathway to promote neurite growth in the major pelvic ganglion of the rat: Part I. J Sex Med 2006;3:815–820.
Phosphorus limitation of Daphnia growth: Is it real?

The possibility of P limitation for zooplankton growth has many implications for understanding changes in production efficiency and feedback dynamics between consumers and resoutxes. However, there have been no direct tests to determine whether the putative P limitation is real. To answer this question, we directly supplied inorganic P to Daphnia magna apart from food algae, Scenedesmus acutus, and then evamined changes in body mass. During the period from birth to age 6 d, D. magna were fed on live algae For 19 h and placed in water of high inorganic P (4 mM: P treatment) for 5 h each day. We used P-free water as a control treatment. Growth rate estimated from initial and final body mass during the 6-d incubation was significantly larger in the P treatment than in the control treatment when Daphnia fed on P-deficient algae, whereas a significant dij’ference was not detected between the treatments for Daphnia fed on P-sufficient algae (C : P atomic < 300). The results clearly demonstrate that Daphnia growth is in fact limited by P itself when they feed on P-deficient algae.
Trade, Urbanization, and Growth

This paper proposes a neoclassical growth model of a small open economy, connecting international trade to real GDP growth and structural transformation from agriculture to non-agriculture. The calibrated model generates 'growth miracles,' to which the contributors are learning by doing and accelerated structural transformation. Quantitative results show that effects from the latter with opening up international trade are quintessential in accounting for the explosive growth patterns observed in newly industrialized economies. Trade policies (such as tariffs), relative productivity between agriculture and non-agriculture, and the persistence of urbanization process jointly affect the growth after opening.
Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Vancomycin and Teicoplanin: Isolation and Purification of a Constitutively Produced Protein Associated with Decreased Susceptibility

"Derivative isolates" with 4- to 8-fold and 8- to 16-fold increases in MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin, respectively, were selected from 2 susceptible clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by serial incubation in low-level vancomycin. A protein of approximately 39 kDa was demonstrable in the cytoplasmic fraction and occasionally in the membrane fraction by SDS-PAGE of both derivatives. This protein was purified by DEAE chromatography, preparative SDS-PAGE, and electroelution. Derivative bacteria were larger on transmission electron microscopy, had thicker cell walls, and had changes in colony morphology on solid media. Further evidence for cell wall reorganization included loss of phage and capsular typing, decreased susceptibility to lysostaphin/lysozyme killing, and changes in condition for detection of optimal coagulase activity. The mechanism of decreased susceptibility to glycopeptide antibiotics among S. aureus derivative isolates is uncertain. The production of the approximately 39-kDa cytoplasmic protein and cell wall reorganization may mediate changed affinity of glycopeptide-peptidoglycan binding or impairment of glycopeptide access to its cell wall target.
Material symmetries versus wavefront symmetries

We show that, in general, wavefronts are more symmetric than the medium in which they propagate. This means that we cannot determine the symmetries of the medium based solely on the symmetries of the wavefronts. However, we show that we can determine the symmetries of the medium from the symmetries of wavefronts and polarizations together.
Styrene Aziridination by Iron(IV) Nitrides

Thermolysis of the iron(IV) nitride complex [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe≡N] with styrene leads to formation of the high-spin iron(II) aziridino complex [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe-N(CH2CHPh)]. Similar aziridination occurs with both electron-rich and electron-poor styrenes, while bulky styrenes hinder the reaction. The aziridino complex [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe-N(CH2CHPh)] acts as a nitride synthon, reacting with electron-poor styrenes to generate their corresponding aziridino complexes, that is, aziridine cross-metathesis. Reaction of [PhB(tBuIm)3Fe-N(CH2CHPh)] with Me3SiCl releases the N-functionalized aziridine Me3SiN(CH2CHPh) while simultaneously generating [PhB(tBuIm)3FeCl]. This closes a synthetic cycle for styrene azirdination by a nitride complex. While the less hindered iron(IV) nitride complex [PhB(MesIm)3Fe≡N] reacts with styrenes below room temperature, only bulky styrenes lead to tractable aziridino products.
Detection and tracking of multiple targets within a three-dimensional medium

One of today's problems in signal processing is the identification of direction of arrival (DOA). The need for estimating direction-of-arrival (DOA) of energy wave fields within a three-dimensional medium has led to great interest in areas outside of military use. For most real-world applications however, a target tends to lie within three-dimensional medium. A method for detection and tracking of multiple moving targets within a three-dimensional medium has been developed.
Curcumin as a potential non-steroidal contraceptive with spermicidal and microbicidal properties

OBJECTIVE: Curcumin a component of the curry powder turmeric has immense biological properties including anticancer effects. The objective of this study was to determine if curcumin can provide a novel non-steroidal contraceptive having both spermicidal and microbicidal properties. STUDY DESIGN: The effect of curcumin with and without photosensitization was examined on human sperm forward motility and growth of several aerobic (n=8) and anaerobic bacteria (n=4) and yeast (n=7) strains implicated in vaginosis vaginitis and vaginal infections in women. The effect of various concentrations of curcumin on human sperm and microbes (aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and yeast) was tested. The effect on sperm was examined by counting the sperm forward motility and on microbes by agar and broth dilutions and colony counting. Each experiment was repeated using different semen specimens and bacteria and yeast stocks. RESULTS: Curcumin caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of sperm forward motility with a total block at >/=250muM concentration. After photosensitization the effective concentration to completely block sperm forward motility decreased 25-fold now requiring only 10muM concentration for total inhibition. Curcumin concentrations between 100 and 500muM completely blocked the growth of all the bacteria and yeast strains tested. After photosensitization the effective concentration to completely inhibit microbial growth decreased 10-fold for aerobic bacteria and yeast and 5-fold for anaerobic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that curcumin can block sperm function and bacteria/yeast growth. It can potentially provide an ideal non-steroidal contraceptive having both spermicidal and microbicidal properties against vaginal infections. Copyright (c) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Metastable X-ray emission following violent Cl13+–Ne collisions

Abstract For Cl 13+ bombardment the K X-ray transition from the metastable 4 P state in Li-Like Ne is clearly resolved from an overlapping Be-like line. Previously measured K-shell fluorescence yields are corrected for this overlap. The detected rate of metastable to prompt X-ray emission from Li-like Ne is observed to vary with projectile energy.
A design theory for systems that support emergent knowledge processes

This paper addresses the design problem of providing IT support for emerging knowledge processes (EKPs). EKPs are organizational activity patterns that exhibit three characteristics in combination: an emergent process of deliberations with no best structure or sequence; requirements for knowledge that are complex (both general and situational), distributed across people, and evolving dynamically; and an actor set that is unpredictable in terms of job roles or prior knowledge. Examples of EKPs include basic research, new product development, strategic business planning, and organization design. EKPs differ qualitatively from semi-structured decision making processes; therefore, they have unique requirements that are not all thoroughly supported by familiar classes of systems, such as executive information systems, expert systems, electronic communication systems, organizational memory systems, or repositories. Further, the development literature on familiar classes of systems does not provide adequate guidance on how to build systems that support EKPs. Consequently, EKPs require a new IS design theory, as explicated by Walls et al. (1992). We created such a theory while designing and deploying a system for the EKP of organization design. The system was demonstrated through subsequent empirical analysis to be successful in supporting the process. Abstracting from the experience of building this system, we developed an IS design theory for EKP support systems. This new IS design theory is an important theoretical contribution, because it both provides guidance to developers and sets an agenda for academic research. EKP design theory makes the development process more tractable for developers by restricting the range of effective features (or rules for selecting features) and the range of effective development practices to a more manageable set. EKP design theory also sets an agenda for academic research by articulating theory-based principles that are subject to empirical, as well as practical, validation.
The effect of surface tension on the progressive waves due to incomplete vertical wave-makers in water of infinite depth

In this paper the influence of surface tension is allowed for in deriving formulas that determine the velocity potentials describing the outgoing progressive waves for two-dimensional time-harmonic motion due to both partially immersed and completely submerged vertical wave-makers in water of infinite depth. For this purpose an effective reduction method is developed to extend a known method suitable only in the absence of surface tension. The two results are used to find the reflected and transmitted waves due to waves incident upon partially immersed and completely submerged fixed vertical barriers, after reformulation as wave-maker problems; and to find the outgoing waves due to a partially immersed vertical hinged plate as a standard example. Certain edge-slope constants needed for the partially immersed wave-maker problem are evaluated using an appropriate dynamical edge condition.
N-Sulfonyl-Sulfilimines as Premature Vulcanization Inhibitors

Abstract N-Sulfonyl-sulfilimines which undergo a thermal elimination to form N-alkyl (or aryl)thiosulfonamides act as premature vulcanization inhibitors, apparently by the same mechanism as the thiosulfonamides. S,S-di(isopropyl)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl) sulfilimine was of particular interest due to its good inhibitory activity, ease of preparation, excellent stability, and resistance to bloom.
Electrical Properties of Sipos Films Deposited on Crystalline Silicon

Transport and trapping effects on undoped and phosphorus-doped SIPOS films on n-type and p-type Si have been characterized by C-V-ω, I-V, DLTS and photo-induced microwave reflection techniques. Our C-V and DLTS data on undoped SIPOS indicate that interface traps with a density of 2 × 1012cm−2 eV−1 and a response time between 1 and 10 μsec exist near the midgap of the SIPOS. Photo-induced microwave reflection transient-waveforms show an order of magnitude increase in photoconductivity decay time with doped SIPOS films. Our data shows that trapping effects exist in doped SIPOS and that these traps could reduce the cutoff frequency of SIPOS emitter transistors.
Isosteric Heats of Gas and Liquid Adsorption

The heat of adsorption is an indicator of the strength of the interaction between an adsorbate and a solid adsorbent. This parameter can be determined from the heat released in calorimetric experiments or from the analysis of adsorption isotherms at different temperatures. The latter, called isosteric heats of adsorption, are commonly used in the characterization of materials for gas- and liquid-phase adsorption. Although the equations for the determination of isosteric heats of adsorption from the gas phase are well-known, approximate equations are frequently used for liquid-phase adsorption. We present here the rigorous equations for determining the isosteric heats of gas- and liquid-phase adsorption and their relation to the commonly used approximate equations. These equations are used to compute the isosteric heats of liquid adsorption based on the adsorption isotherms obtained from simulations for two well-defined systems, one ideal and the other nonideal. The results of using the rigorous equations ...
Modification of a General Electric 7001B Turbine for Increased Reliability by Using 7001E Parts

Parts of the latest design, incorporating improvements developed over 19 years of operating experience, can be utilized on the Model 7001B gas turbines.This paper describes the initial application of the 7001E technology to an entire turbine retrofit. Component design improvements, interfaces, and limitations are described as well as expected reliability improvements.Emphasis will be given to Field Service Engineering experience in installing this first change, since labor can be a significant part of the conversion.Copyright © 1990 by ASME
Role of thin n-type metal-oxide interlayers in inverted organic solar cells.

We have investigated the photovoltaic properties of inverted solar cells comprising a bulk heterojunction film of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, sandwiched between an indium–tin-oxide/Al-doped zinc oxide (ZnO-Al) front, and tungsten oxide/aluminum back electrodes. The inverted solar cells convert photons to electrons at an external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 70%. This is a 10–15% increase over EQEs of conventional solar cells. The increase in EQE is not fully explained by the difference in the optical transparency of electrodes, interference effects due to an optical spacer effect of the metal-oxide electrode buffer layers, or variation in charge generation profile. We propose that a large additional splitting of excited states at the ZnO–Al/polymer interface leads to the considerably large photocurrent yield in inverted cells. Our finding provides new insights into the benefits of n-type metal-oxide interlayers in bulk heterojunction solar cells, namely the split...
Outcome of Refractory Status Epilepticus

The records of twenty-two children, ages 4.5 months to 18 years, treated for refractory status epilepticus (RSE) between 1992 and 2000, were reviewed retrospectively at Children’s Hospital, Boston.
Cement encasement of the pericardium: echocardiographic manifestation

A previously healthy 44-year-old woman with new bilateral pleural effusions had an echocardiogram ordered as part of the work up. It showed a small, free-flowing effusion circumferential to the heart. A mass was noted and it was adherent to the myocardium, mainly apically and anteriorly (figure 1A–C). The ventricular septum was hypermobile (video 1) and the right ventricular outflow tract was thickened (figure 2, videos 2 and 3). The velocity of the septum (figure 3A) was increased compared to the velocity of the lateral wall (figure 3B) and there was evidence …
Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in normal aging.

Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of pathogenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) proteins, cellular survival factors, and lysosomal proteins distinguish AD patients from control subjects, but changes in these exosomal proteins associated with normal aging have not been described for cognitively intact subjects. Plasma neuronal exosomal levels of P‐T181‐tau, P‐S396‐tau, Aβ 1‐42, cathepsin D, repressor element 1‐silencing transcription factor, and neurogranin were quantified longitudinally in cognitively intact older adults using two samples collected at 3‐ to 11‐year intervals. Except for P‐S396‐tau, exosomal protein levels changed significantly with aging, but were largely outside the range observed in AD patients.
Role of Tourism for Development of India

In recent years, the role of tourism in the economic development of a country has been the focus of study and research. It is the general consensus that tourism has been pivotal in social progress as well as an important vehicle of widening socio-economic and cultural contacts throughout human history. Over the past years, many developing and developed countries have considered tourism as an option for sustainable development of their nations. The importance of tourism as a contributor to economic growth is so widely accepted that year after year throughout the world a massive investment continues to pour in its development. It is with this backdrop, this paper is an attempt to investigate the dynamics of the relationship between tourism sector development and economic growth of India. The international tourist arrivals were 880 million and the corresponding international tourism receipts was US$ 852 million in 2009. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (WTO) has predicted that the number of international arrivals will reach 1.6 billion by the year 2020, with 1.2 billion of those being intra-regional travelers and 378 million being long-haul travelers. Today tourism is the largest service industry in India, with a contribution of 6.23 per cent to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and providing 8.78 per cent of the total employment. The tourism industry in India generated about US$100 billion in 2008 and that is expected to increase to US$275.5 billion by 2018 at a 9.4 per cent annual growth rate. Promotion of sustainable tourism, through the development of policy tools, capacity building and awareness-raising programmes, local involvement, guidelines for good practice and actual implementation remain essential goals. Sustainable tourism should aim to directly support poverty eradication and sustainable production and consumption. Making progress on a larger scale will be a fine balancing act and will require a massive “sea-change” in approach from the entire Travel and Tourism industry but it is an approach that is clearly worthy of support from all stakeholders interested and involved in the industry.
Muscarinic inhibition of single KCa channels in smooth muscle cells by a pertussis-sensitive G protein.

Application of a muscarinic agonist to the extracellular surface of membrane patches from airway smooth muscle cells resulted in an inhibition of calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channels in outsi...
Deep learning architectures for domain adaptation in HOV/HOT lane enforcement

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Tolling (HOT) lanes have been commonly practiced in several jurisdictions to reduce traffic congestion and promote car pooling. Camera-based methods have been recently proposed for a cost-efficient, safe and effective HOV/HOT lane enforcement with the prevalence of video cameras in transportation imaging applications. An important step in automated lane enforcement systems is classification of localized window/windshield images to distinguish passenger from no-passenger vehicles to identify violators. This can be performed using deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which are shown to significantly outperform hand-crafted features in several classification tasks. Training/fine-tuning CNNs require a set of passenger/no-passenger images manually labeled by an operator, which requires substantial time and effort that can result in excessive operational cost and overhead. In this paper, we study adaptability of three popular CNNs (i.e., AlexNet, VGG-M, and GoogLeNet) across different domains in classifying passenger/no-passenger images as part of an automated HOV/HOT lane enforcement system. Our experiments over 40, 000 side-view vehicle images show many interesting insights for domain adaptability of these deep learning architectures.
Effects of a Summarizing Strategy on Written Summaries of Children With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

In this single-subject study, we examined the effects of a summarizing strategy on the written summaries of children with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBDs). Six students with EBDs in fifth and sixth grades learned a mnemonic-based strategy for summarizing taught through the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) approach. Visual analyses were conducted, along with estimated effect sizes using quantitative methods at both the individual level and across cases. Visual analyses revealed evidence for a functional relation between the treatment program and quality points. Quantitatively, very large effects were noted for all six students. Anecdotal evidence suggested the students understood the purpose of the strategy and could independently recall the steps of the mnemonic by the end of the intervention. Results suggest that the strategy has the potential to improve the summary writing skills of students with EBDs. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Quantifying annual groundwater recharge and storage in the central Sierra Nevada using naturally-occurring 35S

Identifying aquifer vulnerability to climate change is of vital importance in the Sierra Nevada and other snow-dominated basins where groundwater systems are essential to water supply and ecosystem health. Quantifying the component of new (current year's) snowmelt in groundwater and surface water is useful in evaluating aquifer vulnerability because significant annual recharge may indicate that streamflow will respond rapidly to annual variability in precipitation, followed by more gradual decreases in recharge as recharge declines over decades. Hydrologic models and field-based studies have indicated that young (<1 year) water is an important of component of streamflow. The goal of this study was to utilize the short-lived, naturally-occurring cosmogenic isotope sulfur-35 (35S) to quantify new snowmelt contribution to groundwater and surface waters in Sagehen Creek Basin (SCB) and Martis Valley Groundwater Basin (MVGB) located within the Tertiary volcanics of the central Sierra Nevada, California. Activities of 35S were measured in dissolved sulfate (35SO42-) in SCB and MVGB snowpack, groundwater, springs, and streamflow. The percent of new snowmelt (PNS) in SCB streamflow ranged from 0.2 ± 6.6% during baseflow conditions to 14.0 ± 3.4% during high flow periods of snowmelt. Similar to SCB, the PNS in MVGB groundwater and streamflow was typically <30% with the largest fractions occurring in late spring or early summer following peak streamflow. The consistently low PNS suggests that a significant fraction of annual snowmelt in SCB and MVGB recharges groundwater, and groundwater contributions to streamflow in these systems have the potential to mitigate climate change impacts on runoff.
For the Love of Hamlet’s Headspace: Noodling with Deleuze, Thomas Ostermeier’s Nodals, and Allo-Realism

Nodals of Hamletspace, which is itself a subset of Shakespace, have laminated across history. They emerge within streams of Hamletspace as its component parts invade, envelop, and then play as processual amalgamations of becomings- and comings-to-be-different from quotidian-consciousness and its commonplace context. The headspace of Hamlet is potentially both a superset and a subset of Hamletspace and Shakespace.
Moisture-Responsive Wrinkling Surfaces with Tunable Dynamics.

The wrinkle dynamics (such as reversibility and stability) of human skin are affected by the external stimuli, as well as the skin's structure and mechanical properties. Inspired by these tunable responses, three types of moisture-responsive wrinkle dynamics are achieved, for the first time, through a single film–substrate system. These dynamics include: (1) completely reversible wrinkles formation; (2) irreversible wrinkles formation I: the initially formed wrinkles can be permanently erased and never reappear; and (3) irreversible wrinkles formation II: once the wrinkles form, they can no longer be erased. The key to success is to control the stiffness and thickness ratios of the film and the substrate, and tailor the crosslink degree/gradient of the film to allow for moisture-dependent changes of modulus and swelling degree. These unique responsive dynamics motivate the invention of a series of optical devices triggered by moisture, including anticounterfeit tabs, encryption devices, water indicators, light diffusors, and antiglare films. This study also paves the road for further understanding of the skin wrinkling dynamics and manipulation.
Imagery of illness and abjection in the medieval choir

This study examines a series of misericords from English stallwork of the later Middle Ages featuring images of disability, sickness, and scatological subject matter. Such iconography exemplifies tensions between the Church and medieval medical professionals, the tenuousness of exterior-interior distinctions, and aspects of medieval theological currents. Ultimately, this essay suggests that individual misericord images may seem grossly inappropriate for the sacred context of the choir, but each example served as a reminder to the viewer of the rude physical qualities of the human body and the relationship between body and soul.
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Hand-Sewn Gastrojejunostomy Technique

The current popularity of bariatric surgery is attributable, in part, to the minimally invasive solutions developed in the 1990s. In previous decades, although surgeons had demonstrated excellent results and low complication rates, medical professionals, third-party payers, and the public showed little acceptance of these procedures. Currently, the limitations of medical management and the exponential rise in obesity rates have contributed to a demand that far outweighs the supply of bariatric surgeons. It was estimated in 2001 that there may be as many as 20,000 prospective patients per bariatric surgeon (1). Therefore, it is important that surgeons maintain or improve operative efficiency when adopting new techniques while more surgeons are trained in this specialty.
Adaptive Batch Coding: A Balanced Congestion Control Strategy for Multi-Beam Antenna Networks

Multi-Beam Smart Antennas (MBSAs) achieve concurrent communications in multiple beams, thereby providing higher throughput compared to regular directional antennas. Most of the transport control schemes used today are based on TCP, which is too conservative since it indiscriminately reduces the window size upon any packet loss. The other extremity is the de-congestion control strategy, which abandons both window size control and retransmission, aggressively saturates the network, and compensates packet loss via network coding. To adapt to the features of the MBSA-based networks, this paper proposes a balanced transport control strategy between the above two categories, which is based on the idea of Adaptive Batch Coding (ABC) . The proposed ABC scheme resists random loss through redundant coding and copes with congestion via window shrink and retransmission. Using a cross-layer design (between transport and routing layer), both the coding scheme and the traffic allocation are adaptively adjusted according to network conditions. A customized simulation system has been developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the proposed ABC protocol. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme overcomes the drawbacks of those two extremities. It achieves both high throughput and high throughput (under packet loss) in MBSA-based networks.
TLR4 modulates inflammatory gene targets in the retina during Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.

Endophthalmitis is a serious intraocular infection that frequently results in significant inflammation and vision loss. Because current therapeutics are often unsuccessful in mitigating damaging inflammation during endophthalmitis, more rational targets are needed. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize specific motifs on invading pathogens and initiate the innate inflammatory response. We reported that TLR4 contributes to the robust inflammation which is a hallmark of Bacillus cereus endophthalmitis. To identify novel, targetable host inflammatory factors in this disease, we performed microarray analysis to detect TLR4-dependent changes to the retinal transcriptome during B. cereus endophthalmitis. C57BL/6 J and TLR4−/− mouse eyes were infected with B. cereus and retinas were harvested at 4 h postinfection, a time representing the earliest onset of neutrophil infiltration. Genes related to acute inflammation and inflammatory cell recruitment including CXCL1 (KC), CXCL2 (MIP2-α), CXCL10 (IP-10), CCL2 (MCP1), and CCL3 (MIP1-α)) were significantly upregulated 5-fold or greater in C57BL/6 J retinas. The immune modulator IL-6, intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, and the inhibitor of cytokine signal transduction SOCS3 were upregulated 25-, 11-, and 10-fold, respectively, in these retinas. LIF, which is crucial for photoreceptor cell survival, was increased 6-fold. PTGS2/COX-2, which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin endoperoxide H2, was upregulated 9-fold. PTX3, typically produced in response to TLR engagement, was induced 15-fold. None of the aforementioned genes were upregulated in TLR4−/− retinas following B. cereus infection. Our results have identified a cohort of mediators driven by TLR4 that may be important in regulating pro-inflammatory and protective pathways in the retina in response to B. cereus intraocular infection. This supports the prospect that blocking the activation of TLR-based pathways might serve as alternative targets for Gram-positive and Gram-negative endophthalmitis therapies in general.
Recovering Circles and Spheres from Point Data

Methods for fitting circles and spheres to point sets are discussed. LADAR (LAser Detection And Ranging) scanners are capable of generating ‘point clouds’ containing the (x, y, z) coordinates of up to several millions of points reflecting the laser signals. In particular, coordinates collected off objects such as spheres may then be used to model these objects by fitting procedures. Fitting amounts to minimizing what is called here a “gauge function,” which quantifies the quality of a particular fit. This work analyzes and experimentally examines the impact of the choice of three such gauge functions. One of the resulting methods, termed here as “algebraic” fitting, formulates the minimization problem as a regression. The second, referred to as “geometric” fitting, minimizes the sum of squares of the Euclidean distances of the data points from the tentative sphere. This method, based on orthogonal distance minimization, is most highly regarded and widely used. The third method represents a novel way of fitting. It is based on the directions in which the individual data points have been acquired.
Cardiorenal status using amino-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide and cystatin C on cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes: From the BIOCRT Study

Background Cardiorenal syndrome comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by acute or chronic cardiac and renal dysfunction. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cardiorenal status using a dual-marker strategy with amino-terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and cystatin C on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) outcomes. Methods In 92 patients (age 66 ± 13 years; 80% male; left ventricular ejection fraction 26% ± 7%), NT-proBNP and cystatin C levels were measured at CRT implantation and at 1 month. NT-proBNP >1000 pg/mL and cystatin C >1 mg/L were considered high. Baseline cardiorenal patients were defined as having high NT-proBNP and cystatin C. At 1 month, CRT patients were categorized as (1) irreversible cardiorenal if cystatin C was persistently high; (2) progressive cardiorenal with transition from low to high cystatin C; (3) reversible cardiorenal with transition from high to low cystatin C; and (4) "normal" with stable low cystatin C. Outcomes were 6-month clinical and echocardiographic CRT response and 2 -year major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE). Results Compared to patients with low NT-proBNP and cystatin C, cardiorenal patients had >9-fold increase risk of CRT nonresponse (odds ratio uncompensated 9.0; compensated 36.4; both P ≤.004) and >6-fold risk of MACE (hazard ratio uncompensated 8.5; P = .005). Compared to "normal" and reversible patients (referent), irreversible patients had a 9-fold increase for CRT nonresponse (odds ratio 9.1; P 4-fold risk of MACE (adjusted hazard ratio 5.1; P Conclusion Cardiorenal status by NT-proBNP and cystatin C can identify high-risk CRT patients, and those with both elevated concentrations have worse prognosis.
Racial and ethnic differences in knowledge and attitudes about genetic testing in the US: Systematic review

Precision medicine has grown over the past 20 years with the availability of genetic tests and has changed the one-size-fits-all paradigm in medicine. Precision medicine innovations, such as newly available genetic tests, could potentially widen racial and ethnic disparities if access to them is unequal and if interest to use them differs across groups. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize existing evidence on racial and ethnic differences in knowledge of and attitudes toward genetic testing among adult patients and the general public in the US, focusing on research about the use of genetic testing in general, not disease-specific tests. Twelve articles published in 1997-2017 met inclusion and exclusion criteria, with 10 including knowledge variables and seven including attitude variables. Studies found consistent patterns of lower awareness of genetic testing in general among non-Whites compared to Whites, lower factual knowledge scores among Blacks and Hispanics/Latinos, and mixed findings of differences in awareness of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing or the term precision medicine. Blacks, Hispanics/Latinos, and non-Whites generally had more concerns about genetic testing than Whites. The findings suggest that patients and the general public need access to culturally appropriate educational material about the use of genetic testing in precision medicine.
Convective heat transfer coefficients on all external surfaces of a generic residential building in crossflow

An experimentally validated computational model is used to determine quantitative information on convective heat transfer coefficients on all of the external surfaces of a generic residence. The mo...
Integrating Adjuvant Analgesics into Perioperative Pain Practice: Results from an Academic Medical Center.

Background Opioid-sparing postoperative pain management therapies are important considering the opioid epidemic. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common and painful procedure accounting for a large number of opioid prescriptions. Adjuvant analgesics, nonopioid drugs with primary indications other than pain, have shown beneficial pain management and opioid-sparing effects following TKA in clinical trials. We evaluated the adjuvant analgesic gabapentin for its usage patterns and its effects on opioid use, pain, and readmissions. Methods This retrospective, observational study included 4,046 patients who received primary TKA between 2009 and 2017 using electronic health records from an academic tertiary care medical institute. Descriptive statistics and multivariate modeling were used to estimate associations between inpatient gabapentin use and adverse pain outcomes as well as inpatient oral morphine equivalents per day (OME). Results Overall, there was an 8.72% annual increase in gabapentin use (P 0.05). Conclusions When assessed in a real-world setting over a large cohort of TKA patients, gabapentin is an effective pain management therapy that is associated with reduced opioid consumption-a national priority in this time of opioid crisis-while maintaining the same quality of pain management.
Model exploration of interactions between algal functional diversity and productivity in chemostats to represent open ponds systems across climate gradients

Abstract Eukaryotic microalgae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria (often collectively described as algae) have been proposed as a promising commercially viable feedstock for biofuels and other bioproducts. Open pond algal monocultures are subjected to environmental fluctuations (i.e. temperature), limiting productivity as environmental conditions vary. An approach to overcome such limitation is the replacement of monocultures with customized polycultures that leverage diversity-productivity relationships by exploiting complementary but uninhabited ecological niches. Defining ecological niche complementarity requires an understanding of how traits and trade-offs interact across environmental gradients and for this reason numerical models represent valuable tools to explore the possible solution space prior to experimental design and verification. We have developed a trait-based, dynamic energy budget model (TB-DEB) of microalgal monocultures and polycultures, and simulated the growth of random and customized polycultures under environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, photoperiod) similar to those in operational algal ponds across the US. Each of the algal species selected as a polyculture component is defined by distinct combinations of literature-derived traits related to substrate uptake, light utilization and temperature optima. Members of the polycultures were categorized into algal functional guilds that were defined based on the interaction between thermal traits and pond thermal regimes. When compared to guilds defined by taxonomy, we demonstrate that grouping algal guilds by functional traits can be an effective approach towards improving biomass productivity in operational algal ponds. Simulations show that a polyculture represents the equivalent of a wider niche monoculture, leading to sustained productivity across seasons. Simulations also revealed that higher species diversity and higher functional diversity lead to higher system biomass. In all, results from this modeling study and earlier experimental studies highlight the idea that regardless of the functional group definition, systematic selection of species based on knowledge of physiology, ecology and the environment aiming at maximizing use of niche space through complementarity has positive impacts on system productivity.
Abstract 163: NFkB Promotes Oxidative Stress-induced Necrosis and Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through NRF2-ARE Pathway

Objective: Despite the well-studied pro-survival function of nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), recent studies suggest that NFκB may also play a pathogenic role in myocardial ischemia injury and adverse remodeling. This study aims to define a new pro-cell death role of NFκB in response to oxidative stress an