cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear System Identification Using Temporal Convolutional Networks: A Silverbox Study

Abstract Identification of nonlinear systems is presented using a neural network variant known as the temporal convolutional network (TCN). The identification capabilities of TCNs and standard feedforward neural networks (FNNs) are benchmarked and compared using the Silverbox dataset: a publicly available dataset from a circuit equivalent to a nonlinear spring-mass damper. The TCN is found to have superior performance in simulation of the test portion of the dataset. In addition, published benchmark results are surveyed and compared to the TCN results. Analysis of existing results reveals testing variances that effect model performance, so guidelines for fair comparison of models on the Silverbox benchmark are presented.
From b-boys to broadway: Activism and directed change in hip-hop

In this article, I examine how the dominant paradigm of development led to the Bronx being in a state of ruin, the development of hip-hop culture as a self-empowerment tool, and how that tool is us...
Recap and Conclusion

This chapter compares the outcome of the nuclear dispute with those related to Iran’s oil nationalization dispute, which demonstrates the predicament of a developing country attempting to protect its interests despite objections from the imperialist powers. The chapter then recapitulates Iran’s situation versus the West by using the Center Periphery model. The chapter also reviews the penetration of Western imperialism in the region and its role in oil politics. The chapter further evaluates the impacts of the Islamic uprising in Iran on other countries in the region, and concludes by providing insights into what may lie ahead.
Linguistic analysis of municipal twitter feeds: Factors influencing frequency and engagement

Abstract Engaging citizens through social media provides municipal governments with the potential for improvement in public trust as well as greater opportunities for accountability, transparency, and participation. The strategies chosen by a municipality must consider not only what is communicated through social media channels, but the language used to convey the message. This study explores the relationship between linguistic factors and (a) the level of citizen engagement, and (b) the frequency of tweets on municipal Twitter accounts. Using textual analysis software, this study examines the linguistic style of Twitter feeds for the 100 most populous cities in the United States. The results suggest municipal accounts with higher tweet frequencies are more likely to use a present-tense, informal, and cognitively complex style with more feminine, health-related, and third-party references. Accounts with higher levels of citizen engagement were more likely to include references to anxiety, anger, and religion, positive and negative emotions, group affiliation, and personal motivations. The results also suggest an increased volume of Twitter activity has an inverse effect on engagement. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing an examination of the linguistic styles of active municipal Twitter communication and an analysis of how linguistic style predicts engagement.
Is accessibility an idea whose time has finally come

Abstract The idea that accessibility is the true goal for transportation planning goes back many decades, starting with notable writings in the 1950s, followed by a flurry of writings in the 1970s. Since then considerable academic work has gone into the development of accessibility measures, but their use in transportation planning is not yet pervasive. In this essay, I reflect on why progress toward the wholesale adoption of an accessibility-oriented approach in planning practice has been slow, review some of the promising efforts in recent years that suggest that transportation planning may be on the cusp of an accessibility era, and offer thoughts about the power of the accessibility concept as a framework for thinking about the urban environment.
Electrical Properties 2

This chapter discusses the electron transport properties and their implications on power devices under very high electric fields (>1 MV/cm). A combination of first-principles calculation of microscopic interactions, Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport, and TCAD simulation on power transistors manifests a bottom-up view of the hot electron dynamics in β-Ga2O3 devices. While the focus of the chapter is on impact ionization and resulting avalanche breakdown, a brief overview on low-field and moderately high-field transport are also presented. The role of crystal orientation on breakdown is discussed in detail. Compact model parameters for breakdown phenomena are provided. Estimates of breakdown field are shown through simple analytical calculations and also through a TCAD simulation.
Bos indicus (Zebu)

The karyotype of Bos indicus is identical with that of Bos taurus except for the morphology of the Y chromosome. The Y chromosome of B. taurus is a small metacentric, but that of B. indicus is a small acrocentric. Autoradiographs of DNA synthesis during the late S phase invariably show a late replicating small acrocentric. Therefore, the Y chromosome, although similar in morphology to several pairs of small acrocentrics, can be identified by tritiated thymidine labeling.
12 – Brain Injury

Publisher Summary The traumatic brain injury occurs when the brain moves within the skull or the skull is broken. The primary forms of acquired brain injury result from a total lack of oxygen (anoxic brain injury) and a reduction in the required amount of oxygen (hypoxic brain injury). The distinction between acquired and traumatic is based solely on the cause of injury, and not on the person's neurological, behavioral, or psychological repertoire post injury. Brain injury results in many varying forms of behavior, which may be maladaptive, in excess, or deficit, it is critical to conduct individual functional analyses. However, functional assessment and analysis following brain injury should be approached the same way as a clinician would attempt to understand function of any other psychological disorder. A number of structured or guided interview methods exist and can be helpful in gaining a greater functional understanding of the behavior problem of interest. Behavioral interviews focus on understanding the antecedents, establishing operations, setting events, and history of the problem, as well as the consequences which the behavior may serve. Therefore, a number of guided behavioral interviews have been developed for the functional assessment of behavior more generally and, while not specific for assessment in brain injury, hold a great deal of promise for understanding the functional relations.
Pathways to urban sustainability through individual behaviors: The role of social capital

Abstract Given the available scientific understanding regarding the environmental impacts of everyday behaviors, individuals should be both concerned and motivated to act in environmentally responsible ways. Yet, the connection between environmental awareness, concern, attitude, and behavior is neither direct nor clear. Various factors have been demonstrated to influence environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), including: attitudes, values, knowledge, affect, context, and social capital. We contribute to this conversation by exploring the mechanisms that community participation, social trust, and strong ties influence ERB in an urban context. Our results indicate that dimensions of social capital effect environmentally responsible behavior through environmental concern. Specifically, we find that social trust is a significant predictor of both environmental concern and locus of control. These results provide insight into the small but growing literature on environmental concern, social capital, and ERB and suggest that policies and practices that increase social trust can lead to more environmentally responsible behavior and advance urban sustainability.
Work systems analysis of sterile processing: assembly

Background Sterile processing departments (SPDs) play a crucial role in surgical safety and efficiency. SPDs clean instruments to remove contaminants (decontamination), inspect and reorganise instruments into their correct trays (assembly), then sterilise and store instruments for future use (sterilisation and storage). However, broken, missing or inappropriately cleaned instruments are a frequent problem for surgical teams. These issues should be identified and corrected during the assembly phase. Objective A work systems analysis, framed within the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) model, was used to develop a comprehensive understanding of the assembly stage of reprocessing, identify the range of work challenges and uncover the inter-relationship among system components influencing reliable instrument reprocessing. Methods The study was conducted at a 700-bed academic hospital in the Southeastern United States with two reprocessing facilities from October 2017 to October 2018. Fifty-six hours of direct observations, 36 interviews were used to iteratively develop the work systems analysis. This included the process map and task analysis developed to describe the assembly system, the abstraction hierarchy developed to identify the possible performance shaping factors (based on SEIPS) and a variance matrix developed to illustrate the relationship among the tasks, performance shaping factors, failures and outcomes. Operating room (OR) reported tray defect data from July 2016 to December 2017 were analysed to identify the percentage and types of defects across reprocessing phases the most common assembly defects. Results The majority of the 3900 tray defects occurred during the assembly phase; impacting 5% of surgical cases (n=41 799). Missing instruments, which could result in OR delays and increased surgical duration, were the most commonly reported assembly defect (17.6%, n=700). High variability was observed in the reassembling of trays with failures including adding incorrect instruments, omitting instruments and failing to remove damaged instrument. These failures were precipitated by technological shortcomings, production pressures, tray composition, unstandardised instrument nomenclature and inadequate SPD staff training. Conclusions Supporting patient safety, minimising tray defects and OR delays and improving overall reliability of instrument reprocessing require a well-designed instrument tracking system, standardised nomenclature, effective coordination of reprocessing tasks between SPD and the OR and well-trained sterile processing technicians.
Relationships between Viral Load, Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Performance in Persons Living with HIV

Background This study examined whether recommended viral load (VL) classifications by the Department of Health and Human Services map onto changes in brain integrity observed in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods Three hundred forty-nine PLWH on combination antiretroviral therapy meeting criteria for virologic suppression (VS) (VL ≤ 20 copies/mL; n = 206), "low-level viremia" (20-200 copies/mL; n = 63), or virologic failure (VF) (>200 copies/mL; n = 80) and 195 demographically similar HIV-negative controls were compared for cognition and brain volumes from 10 regions of interest that are sensitive to HIV. Changes in cognition and brain volumes were examined in a subset of PLWH (n = 132) who completed a follow-up evaluation (mean interval = 28 months) and had no change in treatment regimen. Results Significant differences in cognition and brain volumes were observed between the HIV-negative control and VS groups compared with those in the VF groups, with few differences observed between the 3 PLWH subgroups. Longitudinally, PLWH who continued to have VF exhibited a greater decline in cognition and brain volumes compared with PLWH who remained with VS. Observed longitudinal changes in cognition correlated with brain volume changes. Conclusion PLWH with continued VF (consecutive VL measurements of >200 copies/mL) represent a cause for clinical concern and may benefit from change in treatment in addition to consideration of other potential etiologies of VF to reduce loss of brain integrity.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor for high-throughput evaluation of selective Sigma-1 receptor ligands

The Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone protein that has been implicated in attenuating inflammatory stress-mediated brain injuries. Selective S1R agonists represent a new class of therapeutic agent for treating neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, however, to date, no S1R ligand has been approved for therapeutic purposes. We used three potential methods on known and potential S1R ligands to develop an unambiguous high-throughput cell screen for S1R activity. We screened known and potential S1R ligands using radioligand binding and previously reported markers of S1R activity including BDNF release, modulation of IP3 mediated calcium release, and modulation of NGF-induced neurite sprouting. Here, we present results several prototypical S1R compounds and some compounds with the potential for drug repurposing. Using an in-situ ELISA approach we demonstrated that these compounds could stimulate S1R-mediated BDNF release, which is a valuable therapeutic property since BDNF plays a critical role in neuronal support. These compounds were classified as S1R agonists because the BDNF response was comparable to the prototypical agonist 4-PPBP and because it could be reversed by a S1R selective concentration of the antagonist BD1063. When modulation of IP3 mediated calcium response and NGF-induced neurite sprouting were used as a measure of S1R activation, we were unable to reproduce the published results and determined that they are not reliable measures for evaluating functional properties of S1R ligands.
Community and Identity in Ancient Egypt: The Old Kingdom Cemetery at Qubbet el-Hawa

This book examines a group of twelve ancient Egyptian tombs (c.2300 BCE) in the elite Old Kingdom cemetery of Elephantine at Qubbet el-Hawa in modern Aswan. It develops an interdisciplinary approach to the material - drawing on methods from art history, archaeology, anthropology, and sociology, including agency theory, the role of style, the reflexive relationship between people and landscape, and the nature of locality and community identity. A careful examination of the architecture, setting, and unique text and image programs of these tombs in context provides a foundation for considering how ancient Egyptian provincial communities bonded to each other, developed shared identities within the broader Egyptian world, and expressed these identities through their personal forms of visual and material culture.
WHO ARE THE POOR ELDERLY? AN EXAMINATION USING ALTERNATIVE POVERTY MEASURES

According to most accounts the past decade has brought with it tremendous gains in reducing poverty among the elderly, i.e., those persons aged 65 or older. Although official poverty rate for children continues to be near the 20 percent level, the official poverty rate among the elderly fell to 10.5 percent in 1998. This rate is the lowest rate on record - less than half of the 1970 rate of 22.6 percent, and less than a third of the 33.1 percent rate found in 1959 (U.S. Census Bureau (1999), Table B-2). Health status and life expectancy among the elderly have increased over the past 40 years (Wolfe and Smeeding (1999)). Although pockets of poverty remain, for example, among older women living alone, and poverty rates of elderly in the United States exceed those in many other rich countries (Smeeding (1999a)), the overall picture is one of great progress. A continuation of these trends could imply that poverty among the elderly (as officially measured) might not be a major concern for policymakers as they consider Social Security reform. The official U.S. poverty rates for the elderly, however, have been severely criticized during the past few years because of the way poverty is measured and because of the implications for Social Security. These measurement issues might create different conclusions about the level and trend in elderly poverty.
MALIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY AT 101 C UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

Abstract Morita, Richard Y. (University of Nebraska, Lincoln) and Roger D. Haight. Malic dehydrogenase activity at 101 C under hydrostatic pressure. J. Bacteriol. 83:1341–1346. 1962.—No malic dehydrogenase activity was found to occur at 101 C at various hydrostatic pressures from 1 to 700 atm. However, activity was demonstrated with hydrostatic pressures above 700 atm, with optimal activity at 1,300 atm at the same temperature. Explanation of the data is based upon thermal denaturation of the enzyme, which involves a molecular volume increase of the enzyme. The molecular volume increase is counteracted by hydrostatic pressure. Pressures above 700 atm to 1,500 atm (highest employed) were sufficient to offset the denaturation by 101 C which probably resulted in an incomplete denaturation of malic dehydrogenase.
Now You See it, Now You Don't: Exiting a Partnership and Making Gain Disappear

In this Article, three methods of exiting are partnership are examined. Each exit strategy offers significant tax advantages to the nonexiting partners. In two of the exit strategies, well-known defects in Subchapter K are exploited, and I conclude that the strategies cannot be attacked successfully by the government using either the detailed rules of Subchapter K or by resort to the partnership anti-abuse rules. However, the third of the exit strategies seeks to exploit language in a treasury regulation in a manner plainly not contemplated by the drafters and which yields a result inconsistent with the structure of subchapter K. I conclude that this exit strategy can be attacked successfully by the government. The two successful strategies show that in many cases the exit of a partner can be used to defer significant amounts of income.
Views of work, the foundations of architecture

This paper explores how the perspectives that we adopt in understanding how people work, shape the technologies that we design to be part of that work. Using examples from our current technology, it indicates how the resulting machines, and their user interfaces, fall short in the roles they are designed to play in work. Such descriptions as user friendly, idiot proof, command job, work flow and supporting work betray viewpoints which lead to difficulties in our designs. The paper suggests through possible future designs that better understandings of work can lead through the framing of architecture to better technology, systems and working.
Pelvic Relaxation and Associated Conditions: Enterocele Repair

Historically, treatment of pelvic relaxation has varied from astringents, silver nitrate, tampons of okum and wool, pelvic massage, pessaries, red hot iron bars, sulfuric acid, hanging by the heels to cervical amputation. Surgical attempts in the late 19th and early 20th century included hysterectomy, round ligament uterine suspension, and Manchester and Watkins interposition operations. The LaForte operation is included in this group, although it too has generally been discarded.11
Mesocellular aluminosilicate foams (MSU-S/F) and large pore hexagonal mesostructures (MSU-S/H) assembled from zeolite seeds: hydrothermal stability and properties as cumene cracking catalysts

Mesostructured aluminosilicate foams (pore size >20 nm) and very large pore hexagonal SBA-15 analogs (pore size >8 nm), denoted MSU-S/F and -S/H, respectively, were assembled from aluminosilicate nanoclusters that seed the crystallization of zeolites Y, ZSM-5 and Beta. Although the zeolite seeds are nucleated under basic pH conditions and the mesostuctures are assemble at acidic pH, the results of hydrothermal stability tests in steam at 800°C and in boiling water for 250 h reveal that MSU-S/F and MSU-S/H aluminosilicates are much more hydrolytically stable than their Al-MCF and Al-SBA-15 analogues. 27 Al MAS NMR spectra indicate that calcined MSU-S/F and MSU-S/H mesostructures retained between 80 and 95% of the aluminum centers in tetrahedral framework sites at an overall Si/Al ratio of 50. Both mesostructures showed high activityefor acid-catalyzed cumene cracking at 300°C.
Lewis Research Center: Commercialization success stories

The NASA Lewis Research Center, located in Cleveland, Ohio, has a portfolio of research and technology capabilities and facilities that afford opportunities for productive partnerships with industry in a broad range of industry sectors. In response to the President’s agenda in the area of technology for economic growth (Clinton/Gore 1993), the National Performance Review (1993), NASA’s Agenda for Change (1994), and the needs of its customers, NASA Lewis Research Center has sought and achieved significant successes in technology transfer and commercialization. This paper discusses a sampling of Lewis Research Center’s successes in this area, and lessons learned that Lewis Research Center is applying in pursuit of continuous improvement and excellence in technology transfer and commercialization.
Research on the Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Critical Appraisal and Implications for Social Work Education

Social work authors have presented superficial appraisals of atypical neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drugs used to treat schizophrenia. This article presents a critical overview of clinical trials and research strategies involving conventional and atypical drugs. It identifies 14 distinct methodological and conceptual failings and neglected research directions. These flaws raise serious doubts about the scientific justifications for the widespread use of neuroleptics. Implications for a critical social work education stance about psychopharmacology are discussed. Findings from psychopharmacotherapy studies cannot be taken at face value: social work educators must scrutinize the adherence of the research enterprise to the scientific method and situate its findings in their historical, ideological, and political-economic contexts.
Linear in the parameters identification for classes of systems

System identification is often required in situations in which the unknown system is drawn from a class of systems whose characteristics are imprecisely specified. In this paper, a method for selecting an identifier model set is developed which matches the model set to the class of unknown systems. A priori information in the form of impulse responses for examples taken from the system class is used in choosing the model set. The model set is constrained to have a linear in the parameters structure, so that online identification algorithms with robust convergence properties are applicable to the problem. This approach is shown to produce an identification procedure tailored to the class of systems in hand, with the benefit of providing reasonably accurate system models while using a limited number of adjustable model parameters. >
Integrating professional identities: Counselling psychologist, scientist-practitioner and undergraduate educator

The scientist-practitioner model is a critical element of counselling psychology's identity, but its relevance and the effectiveness of its implementation in graduate programs have been questioned in recent years. A counselling psychologist who works as an undergraduate educator describes relatively recent training as a scientist-practitioner and efforts to maintain that identity in her professional work. These efforts are considered within the context of the professional literature, concerns about the model, and recommendations for improved execution of the training philosophy. Specific strategies for developing and thriving as a scientist-practitioner are reviewed. *This article is based on a symposium paper entitled “A bridge between science and practice: Conducting counseling center research,” presented at the 112th Annual Meeting of the American Psychological Association, Honolulu, Hawaii (July 2004).
Purification and some properties of soluble human liver arylsulfatases.

Abstract Arylsulfatase A and arylsulfatase B were purified in high yields from normal human liver by a multiple-column chromatographic procedure. The specific activity toward nitrocatechol sulfate was 4.82 μmol/min/mg for arylsulfatase A and 4.07 μmol/min/mg for arylsulfatase B with K m values of 1.8 × 10 −3 and 2.9 × 10 −3 m , respectively. The pH optimum was found to be 5.2 for arylsulfatase A and 5.6 for arylsulfatase B. The two enzymes varied markedly in their ultraviolet absorption spectra, and the specific extinction coefficient at 280 nm was 8.56 for arylsulfatase A and 15.51 for arylsulfatase B. At pH below 4.0 and in the presence of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate the arylsulfatase A was irreversibly converted into inactive subunits as was described for the bovine arylsulfatase A. Both arylsulfatase A and arylsulfatase B were found to have molecular weights similar to the purified ox liver enzymes.
Analysis of multiple-dose bioequivalence studies

In multiple-dose bioequivalence studies, it is possible at steady state to take repeated measurements of pharmacokinetic variables, such as area under the curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (CMAX) of the blood concentration-time profile, within each period of a crossover design. We develop a bivariate random effects model for such a situation in a 2 x 2 crossover design using the natural log scale for AUC and CMAX that assumes no differential carryover effects and includes components for inter- and intrasubject variability with respect to both formulations. We derive the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators, which also happen to be restricted maximum likelihood estimators, and we provide a sample size formula.
Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B transporters modulate hydroxyurea pharmacokinetics.

Hydroxyurea is currently the only FDA-approved drug that ameliorates the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia. Unfortunately, substantial interpatient variability in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of h...
Summation of food and shock based responding

Abstract In a multiphase experiment, dogs first received discriminative, discretetrial, barrier-jumping training with two tones (SD, SΔ) in a shuttle box reinforced by either shock avoidance (Group I) or by food (Group II). Then the dogs were trained on free-operant barrier-jumping reinforced by the qualitatively opposite reinforcer—food in Group I and shock avoidance in Group II. Finally, test presentations of the tone stimuli were superimposed on the free-operant behavior. The tone SDs markedly facilitated responding in all animals. This experiment demonstrates a summation of responding maintained by shock avoidance and food reinforcement and casts doubt on explanations of conditioned suppression outcomes that appeal solely to incompatible motivational states within the organism.
Circulating dihydroxyphenylglycol and norepinephrine concentrations during sympathetic nervous system activation in patients with pheochromocytoma.

Although increased plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations mediate vasoconstriction during episodic hypertension and hypertensive crises in patients with pheochromocytoma (Pheo), the precise origin of this circulating NE (tumor or sympathetic nerves) is not known. Dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), a deaminated metabolite of NE, is formed principally in sympathetic nerve endings. Under basal conditions, plasma NE and DHPG concentrations correlate closely, and during sympathetic nervous system activation, both plasma NE and DHPG concentrations increase. This observation suggests that plasma DHPG concentrations may reflect the source of circulating NE (tumor or sympathetic nerves) during hypertensive episodes in patients with Pheo. Plasma NE and DHPG concentrations were measured simultaneously, and the NE/DHPG ratio was calculated in seven patients with Pheo during 20 min of sympathetic nervous system activation (treadmill exercise) before and after surgical resection of the tumor. Age- and sex-matched normal ...
The electrical properties of coal slag

Abstract The inorganic constituents of coal remaining after high temperature combustion in a MHD (Magnetohydrodynamic) power plant combustor form an iron-rich, “dirty” glass whose electrical properties are important in the operation of the MHD generator. In particular, alkali “seed” (K2CO3) is added to enhance the conductivity of the plasma so the slag layer which coats the walls and electrodes of the generator is rich in K2O. We present results of a systematic study of the electrical conductivity of a Rosebud coal ash with graded amounts of K2CO3 added. At high temperatures, the conductivity curves are smooth with many ions contributing. At lower temperatures the curves become more complex with the presence of crystalline phases in the glass.
Recognition and management of the high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has increased dramatically. Although the majority of these tumors are easily managed and cured using standard treatment, a certain percentage metastasize to regional nodes and subsequently to distant organs, resulting in death. This article reviews pertinent risk factors that cause these tumors to be more prone to metastasize and discusses available treatment choices for preventing metastases. Specific cases of metastasis are reviewed to illustrate various management principles.
Accumulation of petroselinic acid in developing somatic carrot embryos

Abstract Developing somatic embryos of carrots accumulated up to 23 mg g 1 dry wt of petroselinate, most of which was incorporated into triacylglycerols. Both triacylglycerol and petroselinate accumulation in the embryos were increased by addition of abscisic acid to the culture medium.
Medicare payment changes and nursing home quality: effects on long-stay residents

The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 dramatically changed the way that Medicare pays skilled nursing facilities, providing a natural experiment in nursing home behavior. Medicare payment policy (directed at short-stay residents) may have affected outcomes for long-stay, chronic-care residents if services for these residents were subsidized through cost-shifting prior to implementation of Medicare prospective payment for nursing homes. We link changes in both the form and level of Medicare payment at the facility level with changes in resident-level quality, as represented by pressure sores and urinary tract infections in Minimum Data Set (MDS) assessments. Results show that long-stay residents experienced increased adverse outcomes with the elimination of Medicare cost reimbursement.
Teaching Professional Communication in the Information Age: Problems in sustaining Relevance

The teaching of professional communication must reflect the realities of the Information Age if our courses are to adequately prepare students for a work place that is being radically transformed by communication technology. Professional-communication instruction must reflect such changes as exces sive information, meaning lag, the conceptual nature of work in an informa tion society, the inextricable meshing of computers and communication, and the reality of global communications. Professional-communication theory must reflect the problem of excessive information. Audience analysis must take into account the realities imposed by computer conferencing and elec tronic mail. Assignments must teach students to transform raw data into in formation and then into communication for readers with various information requirements. The use of computers in writing instruction must be reexam ined to insure that the computer as a communication tool is effectively inte grated. International-communication strategies and ...
Adiabatic connection from accurate wave-function calculations

An extremely easy method for accurately calculating the adiabatic connection of density functional theory is presented, and its accuracy tested on both Hooke’s atom and the He atom. The method is easy because calculations are needed only for different values of parameters in the external potential, which can be achieved with almost any electronic structure code. Application of the method to accurate calculations on small systems should lead to benchmark adiabatic connection curves.
Opioid and 17β-estradiol regulation of LH and FSH secretion during sexual maturation in heifers

Abstract The objective of the present study was to examine the involvement of opioid neuropeptides and E2 in regulating circulating concentrations of gonadotropins during sexual maturation in the bovine female. Prepubertal (immature) and postpubertal (mature) bovine females were used. Mean concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) in circulation before and after administration of naloxone were determined in ovariectomized heifers administered E2 and ovariectomized heifers not administered E2. A linear decline (P
Management of a pregnant patient with a burst fracture causing neurologic injury. A case report

A thoracolumbar fracture in a pregnant patient is uncommon and is generally associated with relative osteoporosis of pregnancy1,2. We know of only one report that has addressed traumatic thoracolumbar fractures in pregnant women3. That study described two patients who had a flexion-distraction fracture treated in a delayed fashion, and neither of them had a neurologic deficit. We describe the treatment of a thirty-nine-year-old woman with a burst fracture of the twelfth thoracic vertebra with an incomplete spinal cord injury and a viable pregnancy. We believe this to be the first report of the surgical treatment of a traumatic fracture associated with a spinal cord injury in a pregnant woman. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she consented. A thirty-nine-year-old woman who was seventeen weeks pregnant fell from a standing height on the day prior to presentation after she had been consuming alcohol and marijuana. She presented to the emergency department the following day because of wrist and back pain. The medical and surgical history was notable for paranoid schizophrenia and a previous cesarean delivery. She denied taking any prescription medications or having any allergies. At the time of the initial presentation, the patient had a distal radial fracture and back pain. The back pain was not further evaluated, given the low level of trauma and the pregnant status of the patient. The distal radial fracture was reduced, and a cast was applied. She was discharged with instructions to return for follow-up of the wrist. The patient returned to the emergency department the next day with worsening back pain and new complaints of lower extremity weakness as well as urinary and fecal incontinence. At that time, a magnetic …
Electrodeposition and characterization of amorphous Fe-Ni-Cr-based alloys

Eletrodeposition of Fe-Ni-Cr-based alloys was investigated in a divided and undivided cell. Using formic acid (HCOOH) as a complexing agent, a chloride-hypophosphite solution was developed. Effects of composition on the morphology, structure, and corrosion behaviour of the alloys were studied. Effects of plating variables on composition of the alloys and current efficiency are also reported. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to evaluate alloy composition. These alloys were determined to be amorphous by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photomicrographs were obtained of the surface of selected deposits. The corrosion behaviour of the alloys was studied in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution. The alloys containing phosphorus and carbon were found to be less active than those containing only phosphorus or carbon. The corrosion potential of Fe-Ni-Cr-based deposited alloys is more noble the higher the chromium content. Generally, Fe-Ni-Cr-based alloys exhibit a wide passivation range. Knoop hardness of the deposited alloys was determined. It is found that both phosphorus and carbon improved the Knoop hardness value of the deposited alloys.
Symplectic structure and conserved quantities for some new conformally covariant systems

Let M be the n-dimensional Minkowski space, n ⩾ 3. One consequence of [1] is that the null space of the equation {(n − 2k + 2)d∗d + (n − 2k − 2)dd∗} Φ = 0 on differential k-forms Φ in M is conformally covariant. The same is true of a nonlinear equation obtained by adding to the above a term homogeneous of degree (n + 2)(n − 2). This generalizes the well-known conformal covariance properties of the wave equation and the equations φ ± φ(n + 2)(n − 2) = 0 when k = 0, and of Maxwell's equations on a vector potential when k = (n ± 2)2 (and n is even). We define a natural (conformally invariant) symplectic structure for the new equations, and use it to calculate the (n + 1)(n + 2)2 conserved quantities corresponding to the standard conformal group generators.
Advances in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis

Purpose Advances in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, including new biological agents and related drugs, are reviewed. Summary Most patients with psoriasis have mild disease that can be treated with topical agents alone; however, over one third of patients have more-extensive disease, called moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Although effective, traditional therapies, including methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin, and phototherapy, have serious adverse effects that limit both the initiation and duration of treatment, necessitating sequential treatment regimens. With the increasing knowledge of the immune nature of the disease, biological agents that target T lymphocytes, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-23 have been used successfully in moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Etanercept, adalimumab, and infliximab are also highly effective in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Ustekinumab, a new agent that targets IL-12 and IL-23, was approved for marketing in 2009 and offers similar efficacy and safety profiles to the anti-TNF agents. While the rapid onset and apparent lack of long-term toxicity of biological agents make them major advances in the treatment of more severe forms of psoriasis, the lack of extensive experience with these agents in patients with psoriasis leaves several unresolved issues that must be addressed before their exact place in therapy can be determined. Conclusion With the development of biological therapies over the past 10 years, health care providers have a much broader choice of highly effective agents with which to treat patients suffering from moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Though costly to use, biological agents offer considerable advantages over previously available systemic therapies.
The Ethical Beliefs and Attitudes of Registered Valuers in New Zealand

This study examines the ethical and moral beliefs held by registered valuers in New Zealand. A self-administered survey questionnaire was utilised to measure the five constructs concerned with Dece...
Compartmentalized immune responses: Antigen-specificity of cerebrospinal fluid T-cell lines maintained in the absence of antigen

The generation of long-term interleukin 2-dependent T-cell lines from anatomically compartmentalized sites of pathology offers a unique approach to the investigation of certain autoimmune diseases. However, it is generally believed that antigen-specific T-cell lines and clones lose antigen reactivity and specificity when propagated in the absence of antigen. Therefore, the optimal application of this approach to such diseases in which the pathogenetic antigens are unknown may be difficult. In approaching this problem, we have recently demonstrated that a proportion of antigen-specific T-cell lines derived from the peripheral circulation can maintain antigen specificity if propagated with antigen-presenting cells alone or with antigen-presenting cells together with OKT3 antibody, but in either case in the absence of antigen. In this report we describe the use of this approach to maintain the antigen specificity of T cells obtained from an anatomically compartmentalized site of pathology--the cerebrospinal fluid from a patient with tuberculous meningitis. We report here that a proportion of the T-cell lines generated from such cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes can be maintained as antigen specific in the absence of antigen if propagated with either antigen-presenting cells alone or with antigen-presenting cells and OKT3 antibody. The approach illustrated in this report should now find broad applicability in the investigation of a number of autoimmune disease.
American Indian and European American Women’s Perceptions of Domestic Violence

American Indian and European American women’s definitions and perceived causes for domestic violence were examined. Attitudes towards violence and battering as it relates to the self were measured with two scales. As predicted, results indicated American Indian women and European American women held different conceptualizations of what constitutes domestic violence and different notions concerning the cause of domestic violence. Also, American Indian women were more attuned to external causes for violence, while European American women referred to internal explanations for such violence. Differences in social and psychological histories of violence and attitudinal orientations toward violence were indicated. Legal and health system changes are recommended in order to combat violence in Indian country.
Some experiences using the Internet for a software development project

It is becoming increasingly common for industry and government to use either internal or public networks to coordinate their software development practices. Students should be introduced to this approach during their education. In this paper we describe some experiences using the Internet to coordinate a class software development project.
Comparisons of the planar and 3D Egyptian axe dipole NFRP antennas' performance characteristics

Comparisons between planar (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) versions of the Egyptian axe dipole near-field resonant parasitic (NFRP) antenna are presented. In particular, their radiation efficiencies and frequency bandwidths as functions of their electrical size (ka) are obtained. It is demonstrated that there is little difference in the ka behavior between the 2D and 3D versions.
Geochemical interactions resulting from carbon dioxide disposal on the seafloor

Abstract The storage of CO 2(liquid) on the seafloor has been proposed as a method of mitigating the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere. Storage is possible below 3000 m water depth because the density of CO 2(liquid) exceeds that of seawater and, thus, injected CO 2(liquid) will remain as a stable, density stratified layer on the seafloor. The geochemical consequences of the storage of CO 2(liquid) on the seafloor have been investigated using calculations of chemical equilibrium among complex aqueous solutions, gases, and minerals. At 3000 m water depth and 4°C, the stable phases are CO 2(hydrate) and a brine. The hydrate composition is CO 2 ·6.3H 2 O. The equilibrium composition of the brine is a 1.3 molal sodium-calcium-carbonate solution with pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.0. This acidified brine has a density of 1.04 g cm −3 and will displace normal seawater and react with underlying sediments. Seafloor sediment has an intrinsic capacity to neutralize the acid brine by dissolution of calcite and clay minerals and by incorporation of CO 2 into carbonates including magnesite and dawsonite. Large volumes of acidified brine, however, can deplete the sediments buffer capacity, resulting in growth of additional CO 2(hydrates) in the sediment. Volcanic sediments have the greatest buffer capacity whereas calcareous and siliceous oozes have the least capacity. The conditions that favor carbonate mineral stability and CO 2(hydrates) stability are, in general, mutually exclusive although the two phases may coexist under restricted conditions. The brine is likely to cause mortality in both plant and animal comunities: it is acidic, it does not resemble seawater in composition, and it will have reduced capacity to hold oxygen because of the high solute content. Lack of oxygen will, consequently, produce anoxic conditions, however, the reduction of CO 2 to CH 4 is slow and redox disequilibrium mixtures of CO 2 and CH 4 are likely. Seismic or volcanic activity may cause conversion of CO 2(liquid) to gas with potentially catastrophic release in a Lake Nyos-like event. The long term stability of the CO 2(hydrate) may be limited: once isolated from the CO 2(liquid) pool, either through burial or through depletion of the CO 2 pool, the hydrate will decopose, releasing CO 2 back into the sediment-water system.
Rate constants for the reaction of OH radicals with a series of alkenes and dialkenes at 295 ± 1 K

Using a relative rate technique, rate constants for the gas phase reactions of the OH radical with n-butane, n-hexane, and a series of alkenes and dialkenes, relative to that for propene, have been determined in one atmosphere of air at 295 ± 1 K. The rate constant ratios obtained were (propene = 1.00): ethene, 0.323 ± 0.014; 1-butene, 1.19 ± 0.06; 1-pentene, 1.19 ± 0.05; 1-hexene, 1.40 ± 0.04; 1-heptene, 1.51 ± 0.06; 3-methyl-1-butene, 1.21 ± 0.04; isobutene, 1.95 ± 0.09; cis-2-butene, 2.13 ± 0.05; trans-2-butene, 2.43 ± 0.05; 2-methyl-2-butene, 3.30 ± 0.13; 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, 4.17 ± 0.18; propadiene, 0.367 ± 0.036; 1,3-butadiene, 2.53 ± 0.08; 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 3.81 ± 0.15; n-butane, 0.101 ± 0.012; and n-hexane, 0.198 ± 0.017. From a least-squares fit of these relative rate data to the most reliable literature absolute flash photolysis rate constants, these relative rate constants can be placed on an absolute basis using a rate constant for the reaction of OH radicals with propene of 2.63 × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The resulting rate constant data, together with previous relative rate data from these and other laboratories, lead to a self-consistent data set for the reactions of OH radicals with a large number of organics at room temperature.
Chemical Aspects of Iodine-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Zircaloys

The thermodynamics of the zirconium-iodine system are summarized. Thermodynamic information for iodine chemisorbed on zirconium surfaces is also presented. These thermochemical results are used to analyze chemical behavior in situations related to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Cracking initiation sites in commercial Zircaloy tubing were found to be associated with impurities (iron, aluminum, silicon, and chromium) in the Zircaloy surface in microsurface examination of failures produced in iodine-induced SCC tests. It is suggested that the impurity site may react with iodine to form a locally embrittled region that fails under stress and acts as a crack initiator.
Thermalization and recombination in amorphous semiconductors

Abstract The fate of carriers excited in an amorphous semiconductor by a pulse of light is described. Two processes are discussed: thermalization of carriers within a distribution of localized states, and carrier recombination.