cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Timed Stair Climbing Is the Single Strongest Predictor of Perioperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery.

Background Current methods to predict patients' perioperative morbidity use complex algorithms with multiple clinical variables focusing primarily on organ-specific compromise. The aim of the current study was to determine the value of a timed stair climb in predicting perioperative complications for patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Study Design From March 2014 to July 2015, three hundred and sixty-two patients attempted stair climbing while being timed before undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Vital signs were measured before and after stair climb. Ninety-day postoperative complications were assessed by the Accordion Severity Grading System. The prognostic value of stair climb was compared with the American College of Surgeons NSQIP risk calculator. Results A total of 264 (97.4%) patients were able to complete the stair climb. Stair climb time directly correlated to changes in both mean arterial pressure and heart rate as an indicator of stress. An Accordion grade 2 or higher complication occurred in 84 (25%) patients. There were 8 mortalities (2.4%). Patients with slower stair climb times had increased complication rates (p Conclusions Stair climb provides measurable stress, accurately predicts postoperative complications, and is easy to administer in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Larger patient populations with a diverse group of operations will be needed to validate the use of stair climbing in risk-prediction models.
Hybridization of G-quadruplex-forming peptide nucleic acids to guanine-rich DNA templates inhibits DNA polymerase η extension.

The guanine quadruplex (G-quadruplex) is a highly stable secondary structure that forms in G-rich repeats of DNA, which can interfere with DNA processes, including DNA replication and transcription. We showed previously that short guanine-rich peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) can form highly stable hybrid quadruplexes with DNA. We hypothesized that such structures would provide a stronger block to polymerase extension on G-rich templates than a native DNA homoquadruplex because of the greater thermodynamic stability of the PNA–DNA hybrid structures. To test this, we analyzed the DNA primer extension activity of polymerase η, a translesion polymerase implicated in synthesis past G-quadruplex blocks, on DNA templates containing guanine repeats. We observed a PNA concentration-dependent decrease in the level of polymerase η extension to the end of the template and an increase in the level of polymerase η inhibition at the sequence prior to the G-rich repeats. In contrast, the addition of a complementary C-rich P...
60 TESTOSTERONE REGULATION OF MUSCLE MASS: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ROLE OF FOLLISTATIN.

Testosterone (T) administration increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass in men. We have previously reported that T stimulates myogenic differentiation in mesenchymal multipotent C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2) cells through an androgen receptor (AR)-mediated pathway though interaction with β-catenin/TCF4 signaling. We found that an overexpression of full-length TCF4 led to an increase in MyoD and MHC II and follistatin (Fst) expression. Objectives To investigate (1) if the T-supplementation leads to Fst up-regulation in vivo and (2) if Fst-knockdown abrogates the myogenic effects in an in vitro differentiation model. Methods and Results In vivo: Castrated C57BL6J mice were sham treated and subcutaneously implanted with physiologic (1 cm) and supraphysiologic (2 cm) doses of T for 6 weeks. Body composition analysis was performed by DEXA scanning. Consistent with previous reports, castration resulted in decreased fat-free mass, total body weight, and weight of androgen-responsive levator ani (LA) muscle. In LA muscle, castration led to a decrease in Fst mRNA levels, which were restored by T supplementation in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro: To investigate the role of Fst in mediating myogenic effects of T treatment, incubation of 10T1/2 with recombinant Fst (0.4 μg/mL) led to a significant increase in key myogenic markers MyoD and MHC II (protein and mRNA) in the absence of T. In addition, treatment of these cells with anti-Fst antibody (1 μg/mL) and Fst siRNA abolished T-induced increase in MyoD and MHC II protein levels. Combined with in vivo data, in vitro our studies suggest that a T-induced increase in muscle mass may be mediated via induction of Fst. Conclusions Fst plays major role during T-induced in vitro and in vitro changes in muscle mass. As Fst in known to bind and antagonize myostatin (Mst), the most potent inhibitor of muscle mass, we believe that T levels may regulate endogenous Fst/Mst interaction and thereby regulate body composition. As the promyogenic effects of T are achieved with a concomitant increased risk of elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA), we posit that the use of Fst with a low dose of T may have therapeutic implications similar to those achieved with high levels of T supplementation.
Operation Mode and Problems of TCM Decoction for Patients

OBJECTIVE:To provide new ideas for the supervision of TCM decoction for patients. METHODS:The mode of outsourced TCM decoction for patients in Nanjing and Hangzhou area were investigated and analyzed,especially their operation mode. The safety problems of quality of the mode were analyzed from the legitimacy and standardization. RESULTS CONCLUSIONS:The present problems include the mismatch of professional and technical personnel of TCM decoction pieces and their qualification requirements;the lack of communication of pharmacists and prescribers;no restrictions for outsourced decoction of toxic TCM decoction pieces for patients;the insufficient attention for the quality and safety of packaging materials;being difficult to implement the main responsibility of medical institutions,etc. It is suggested to establish the filing system of centralized TCM decoction institution for patients;the stationed system of pharmacy technician in medical institutions;the training and evaluation system of dispensing,decocting and other stations;the regular inspection system of health and pharmaceutical administration department;the quality evaluation system of TCM decoction for patients by following up medical staff and patients. So that it can explore a new idea for monitoring of"clearing the powers of regulatory,full participation in medical institutions,standardization and management of pharmaceutical wholesale enterprises,active supervision by patients".
Erythema Chronicum Migrans in Three Soldiers

Three cases of erythema chronicum migrans in soldiers who had returned from active duty in Central Europe were seen within a ten-week period in San Franciso. Typically, the lesions cleared in less than five days with penicillin in two cases and erythromycin in another.
Double separate versus contiguous pituitary adenomas: MRI features and endocrinological follow up

Double pituitary adenomas are defined as two adenomas within a gland. These have distinct light microscopic and immunohistochemical features and may be clearly-separate or contiguous. Most reports have focused on the various hormonal combinations in double tumors rather than on any potential increased risk for residual mass or endocrinopathy. Departmental files were searched to identify all double adenomas from 1/1/2000 to 3/1/2016, with review of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine if the dual nature of the lesions could be discerned retrospectively after histologic diagnosis of double adenoma. All cases were immunostained for standard anterior pituitary hormones. Eight cases were identified: 2 follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)/alpha subunit (ASU) + prolactinoma (PRL); 1 PRL + corticotroph (ACTH); 1 hormone-negative + PRL; 1 ACTH + ASU/growth hormone (GH)/PRL; 1 GH/PR + PRL; 1 FSH/ASU, + ACTH; 1 GH + luteinizing hormone (LH). One patient had clearly-separate lesions identified preoperatively and required two surgical procedures for gross total resection. A second patient had 2 lesions recognized at surgery and afterwards on retrospective neuroimaging. The remaining 6 patients had double adenomas discovered at the time of histologic examination that were not resolvable at surgery or on retrospective neuroimaging. Four patients, 2 with clearly-separate and 2 with contiguous double adenomas, had persistent MRI abnormalities, and one had continued endocrine abnormalities. Double contiguous pituitary adenomas are difficult to anticipate preoperatively or to resolve intraoperatively. Although double contiguous adenomas are much more common than double separate lesions, both have a risk for subtotal resection and, thus, residual mass and/or endocrinopathy may ensue.
On Non-automatizability in PAC-Semantics.

We consider the proof search (“automatizability”) problem for integrated learning and reasoning, a problem modeling certain kinds of data mining and common sense reasoning [14]. In such a problem, the approximate validity (i.e., under Valiant’s PAC-Semantics [24]) of an input query formula over a background probability distribution is verified using incomplete examples from the distribution; queries featuring a proof from some learnable premises are distinguished from queries that are falsified with moderately high probability under the distribution. The introduction of tolerance for some approximation and examples from the target distribution raise the possibility that this problem may be easier than classical automatizability in many circumstances. In particular, for certain restricted distributions and information-masking processes, the automatizability problem for resolution can be solved in quasipolynomial time [15]. Nevertheless, we argue here that the known cryptographic non-automatizability results [18, 8, 7] carry over to even the highly restricted kinds of distributions considered in that work.
The angiopoietin-TIE2 pathway is a potential therapeutic target in urothelial carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Angiopoietin/Tyrosine Kinase-2 (ANG/TIE2), Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 (FGFR1) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors (VEGFRs) promote growth of urothelial carcinoma (UC). We examined the pre-clinical activity of CEP-11981, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of TIE2, FGFR1 and VEGFR-1-3, in UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vitro activity of CEP-11981 was evaluated in four human UC cell lines. The effect of daily oral CEP-11981 was examined in RT4 xenografts, which also underwent immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cleaved caspase-3, Cluster of Differentiation (CD)-31, VEGFR2 and TIE2. RESULTS In vitro activity was not detected. Preliminary in vivo experiments suggested that CEP-11981 at both 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg induced similar regression of xenografts, greater than those at 2.5 mg/kg daily. Given the lower toxicity at 5 mg/kg, we performed a confirmatory experiment with 5 mg/kg, which significantly inhibited xenografts compared to controls (p<0.05). IHC of xenografts demonstrated no differences in CD31, cleaved caspase-3 or VEGFR2, but TIE2 was significantly down-regulated (p=0.008) by CEP-11981. CONCLUSION CEP-11981 demonstrated a significant pre-clinical activity against human UC xenografts, which was attributable primarily to effects on TIE2 receptor.
Regulation of myelin development.

Abstract During the final stage of oligodendrocyte differentiation, oligodendrocyte precursors cease proliferating, and coordinately activate the set of genes encoding the myelin-specific structural proteins. Two homeodomain-containing transcription factors, SCIP and Gtx, by virtue of their temporal patterns of expression, are implicated in the regulation of this process. SCIP is expressed in dividing oligodendrocyte precursors, and its expression is downregulated prior to the onset of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Gtx, in contrast, is expressed in post-mitotic, differentiated oligodendrocytes, and its expression parallels that of the myelin-specific mRNA in a variety of physiologically relevant circumstances. In addition, Gtx binds to several sites within the MBP, PLP and Gtx promoters in a sequence-specific manner probably by way of the core homeodomain binding motif. A third transcription factor, NFI, is also important for oligodendrocyte-specific gene expression, since it turns off myelin gene expression in non-myelinating cells. These three transcription factors are thus important for the normal process of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination, and may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of both demyelination and remyelination in multiple sclerosis.
Fluoxetine: a clinically effective non-tricyclic antidepressant

Fluoxetine is a potent inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of serotonin (5-HT). The reuptake of 5-HT into the brain neuron from which it was released is thought to be the major means of removing 5-HT from the synaptic cleft, thereby terminating its action on synaptic receptors. Inhibition of this reuptake increases the concentration of 5-HT in the synaptic cleft and enhances the stimulation of presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors. A consequence of stimulating the presynaptic autoreceptor is a reduced rate of firing of 5-HT neurons and a reduction in 5-HT synthesis and release. Several consequences of stimulating postsynaptic receptors innervated by 5-HT neurons in various brain regions have been identified after fluoxetine administration. In laboratory animals these include activation of neuroendocrine secretion (e.g., corticosterone and prolactin when fluoxetine is combined with 5-hydroxytryptophan), reduction of food intake, alterations in sleep and behavior, enhancement of the analgesic action of morphine, and others. In humans, fluoxetine selectively inhibits the uptake of 5-HT into platelets and presumably in the neurons of the CNS.
Basin Analysis of the Albian–Santonian Xigaze Forearc, Lazi Region, South-Central Tibet

Abstract The Xigaze forearc basin records the evolution of the southern Lhasa terrane convergent margin, largely affected by Neo-Tethyan subduction processes, prior to the Paleocene Tethyan Himalaya–Eurasia collision. New geologic mapping and U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronologic data from the Lazi region, 340 km southeast of Lhasa, show that forearc basin sedimentation began ca. 110 Ma conformably atop the Yarlung–Tsangpo ophiolitic melange. By this time, the arc–trench system along the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane (Eurasia) consisted of an accretionary complex, overlying ophiolitic melange, the Xigaze forearc basin, and the Gangdese magmatic arc. There is no geological evidence in the Lazi region for more than one subduction zone between the southern Lhasa terrane margin and India. Sedimentological facies analysis from Albian to Santonian clastic and carbonate sedimentary rocks preserved in the Xigaze forearc basin indicate deep-marine sedimentation characterized by hemipelagic carbonate and volcanogenic sediment-gravity-flow deposits. Sandstone modal petrographic and U-Pb detrital-zircon geochronologic data reveal Asian continental margin, Gangdese magmatic arc, and central to northern Lhasa terrane provenance. During this time, basin fill was deposited in cycles of high and low sediment flux characterized by alternating successions of clastic turbidite inner- to outer-fan deposits and hemipelagic limestone and marlstone sequences. Along-strike differences in the timing of initial forearc basin sedimentation are likely the result of intra-basin topography and/or diachronous development of ophiolitic forearc basement.
High incidence of Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older adults with B-ALL.

High incidence of Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older adults with B-ALL
The ‘ravaged body’ as carrier of cultural memory in Farid Boudjellal’s Petit Polio series

ABSTRACTFarid Boudjellal’s Petit Polio series (Soleil/Futuropolis, 1998–2012) is a bildungsroman that contests the narrative and aesthetic deployment of disability as prosthetic metaphor in the post-colonial context. In this series, the male, disabled, Franco-Algerian body takes on an allegorical yet violently embodied position. The intersection of disability and racial markedness here produces representations of bodies that might be considered ‘ravaged’, but in fact those bodies operate as carriers of cultural memory and sites from which a political discourse critical of French universalism can be launched.
Significance of Japanese Kampo Medicine in Supportive Care of Heart Failure/Function

Heart failure (HF) accounts for about 23 million patients worldwide. Diagnosing HF in patients is still poor and a prospective approach to prevent and treat HF is essential. In Japan, the number of HF patients has been growing since 1950, chiefly due to a swiftly aging population. In addition, diminished physical activity, a Westernized dietary pattern, and obesity have become conspicuous, mainly in younger Japanese men. Intensifying inclination toward diabetes and dyslipidemia and the prevalence of smoking and hypertension remain high. Japan's medical care is recognized for the ability to access both Kampo and Western medical care at the same time. There have been many publications based on studies that demonstrate analgesic or supportive care for cardiac function using Kampo preparations. In this chapter, we summarize the use of traditional therapeutic Kampo formulations for supportive cardiac care in Japan.
Tumor mutation status of Hodgkin lymphoma survivors with secondary lung adenocarcinoma.

9600 Background: In a multi-institutional, retrospective study of 1976 patients treated for Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) from 1969-2007, 55 patients developed second primary lung cancers a median of 19.5 years after treatment. Of these 55 cases, 32 were identified as lung adenocarcinoma (ACA). The development of targeted therapies in recent years has made the detection of specific genomic alterations important for disease prognosis and treatment in lung ACA. The prevalence of certain genomic alterations (EGFR, ALK, and KRAS) is highly correlated with smoking history. We hypothesize that the prevalence of genomic alterations also may differ in patients with a significant exposure to radiation. Methods: This observational retrospective case series includes 6 patients treated with mediastinal radiation for HL who subsequently developed lung ACA. All patients were treated at Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Patients were identified by searching billing diagnosis codes in the electronic medical record a...
Physics of Sensors

Sensors and preliminary sensor physics are discussed in this chapter. The most common sensors such as thermocouple, photo-diode and photo-detector, Hall-effect device and piezoelectric sensors are examined with examples.
Breaking the Silence: Empowering Deaf and Hard of Hearing Survivors of Domestic Violence

Domestic violence is a pervasive and destructive phenomenon that occurs frequently, especially among individuals with disabilities. The dynamics underlying violence between intimate partners include issues of power, oppression, and control. People with disabilities, including those who are Deaf and hard of hearing, are at higher risk for exploitation and physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. People who are Deaf and hard of hearing use American Sign Language and face multifaceted challenges. This chapter explores the intersectionality of disability, violence, and empowerment. The Deaf community, a unique cultural and linguistic group, must navigate hurdles that range from reporting abuse to authorities, to assessment of abuse, and to accessing services that are designed to meet their unique needs. Several barriers prevent Deaf and hard of hearing people from receiving treatment and support services. Empowerment of Deaf and hard of hearing individuals, both individually and collectively, can be an effective way of addressing the detrimental effects of domestic violence and creating opportunities for healing and growth.
Dynamic workload migration over optical backbone network to minimize data center electricity cost

As more organizations rapidly adopt cloud services, energy consumption in data centers (DCs) is increasing such that today Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has become a major consumer of energy. A large portion of ICT energy consumption is used to power servers running in DCs and the network they use to communicate. In this study, we consider that, often, energy cost at a particular DC is related to the electricity price regulated by Independent System Operators / Regional Transmission Organizations (ISOs/RTOs). As these prices vary in time and depend on the geographical locations of the DCs, recent studies have shown that the spatio-temporal variations of electricity price can be exploited to reduce electricity cost. While most prior works consider a quasi-static scenario with known workload patterns, our study proposes a dynamic workload-aware algorithm that exploits the spatio-temporal variations of electricity costs with the goal to minimize the energy cost in ICT. Our algorithm uses dynamic request rerouting and live virtual machine (VM) migration to move workloads to DCs with lower electricity cost. We consider VM migration cost (including electricity cost at optical backbone network nodes), bandwidth constraints for migration, VM consolidation, constraints from Service Level Agreement (SLA), and administrative overhead of VM migration. Our simulation studies show that the proposed algorithm reduces operational cost and improves energy efficiency of data centers significantly.
Language and Power in a Medical Spanish for Heritage Learners Program: A Learning by Design Perspective

Digital storytelling is a pedagogical tool that can transform theory into practice through students’ development of higher order thinking, and the appropriate skills to identify language struggles applicable to their community. In addition, sociolinguistic principles are contextualized and the relationship between language and power in Spanish speaking communities is brought to life in unique and compelling ways. This chapter introduces digital storytelling from the perspective of Learning by Design, as a “designing” process in which students engage in “weaving” the knowledge processes of experiencing, conceptualizing, and applying. It also focuses on the effectiveness of this tool in a heritage language program for students in the health sciences and show how its use elevates and brings into focus the humanities dimensions of heritage language education.
EXCITATION AND IONIZATION COEFFICIENTS

ABSTRACT The present status of theoretical calculations of excitation and ionization coefficients for electrons in some of the simpler molecular gases and their mixtures used as dielectrics are reviewed. Illustrative comparisons with experiment are made. Detailed discussions of cross section data and results of Boltzmann calculations are presented for N2, O2, dry air, moist air and SF6. References to other gases are cited.
Saturation scalings of toroidal ion temperature gradient turbulence

The emerging understanding of instability-driven plasma-turbulence saturation in terms of energy transfer to stable modes in the same scale range as the instability is employed to derive a saturation theory for the toroidal branch of ion temperature gradient turbulence that provides the scaling of turbulence and zonal flow levels for all physical parameters. The theory is based on the eigenmode decomposition of a nonlinear fluid model, which is subjected to a statistical closure and simplified via an ordering expansion consistent with zonal-flow catalyzed energy transfer from the unstable mode to the stable mode at large scale. Solution of the closed energy balance equations yields a turbulence level that is proportional to the ratio of the zonal flow damping rate and the inverse of the triplet correlation time of the zonal-flow catalyzed wavenumber triplet interaction. The zonal flow energy is proportional to the ratio of the growth rate and the inverse triplet correlation time. The saturation scalings a...
The History of Experimental Hand Transplantation in Primates

The senior Author’s (Rollin K. Daniel) interest in experimental hand transplantation evolved from the development of free tissue transfers. In 1971, microvascular surgery was struggling with development of sutures capable of sewing 1-mm blood vessels. Once this was solved, it became possible to replant fingers, but elective reconstructive procedures posed new ethical dilemmas. Attempts at replantation surgery were easily justified, but was it ethical to try free flaps when viable alternatives existed including cross-leg and tube flaps? Experimental studies in animals with similar cutaneous blood supply provided a rational scientific basis to begin clinical trials in very select cases. Once initial clinical success of free-flap transfers was achieved by Daniel and Taylor in 1973 [1], a broad range of tissue transfers began. Perhaps the most pertinent were the toe-to-hand transfers, as they represented composite tissue transfers with excellent restoration of function and sensation.
The Interactive Effect of Self- and Other-Oriented Job Crafting Motives on Relational Job Crafting

Drawing on dual concern theory, we contribute to the relational job crafting literature by testing self-oriented job crafting motive and other-oriented job crafting motive as two independent predic...
Applied Glaciology—the Utilization of Ice and Snow in Arctic Operations

In addition to field observations and quantitative analyses of natural phenomena, an opportunity exists for the application of glaciological knowledge. Major problems preventing the widespread use of ice and snow as structural materials are related to processing methods, properties of ice and snow, and deterioration during the melt season. These difficulties have been considered and an experimental program carried out to determine the feasibility of developing practical methods for using ice and snow as engineering materials. Results show that the development of improved processing methods for both ice and snow, the development of ice alloys with improved properties, and the extension of the use season provide real opportunities for applied glaciology.
Oxidative degradation of antiflammin 2.

Purpose. To study the oxidation of the methionine residue of antiflammin 2 (HDMNKVLDL, AF2) as a function of pH, buffer concentration, ionic strength, and temperature using different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and to determine the accessibility of methionine residue to oxidation. Methods. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) was used as the main analytical method in determining the oxidation rates of AF2. Calibration curves for AF2 and the oxidation product, methionine sulfoxide of AF2 (Met(O)-3-AF2), were constructed for each measurement using standard materials. Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectroscopy (FABMS) was used to characterize the product. Results. Met(O)-3-AF2 was the only oxidation product detected at pH 3.0 to 8.0. The oxidation rates were independent of buffer concentrations, ionic strength, and pH from 3.0 to 7.0. However, there was an acceleration of the rates at basic pHs, and small amounts of degradation products other than Met(O)-3-AF2 were observed in this alkaline region. Conclusions. Oxidation of methionine in AF2 does not cause the biological inactivation reported by other laboratories since this drug is relatively stable under neutral conditions in the absence of oxiding agent.
Not Making the Grade: How Increased Reliance on Adjunct Faculty Diminishes Excellence, Academic Freedom, and the Search for New Knowledge

As higher education adapts to changing circumstances, limiting the number and kind of part-time and adjunct faculty appointments and ensuring humane employment conditions will help sustain and preserve the values and integrity of higher education. Although the needs of the academic community may justify the use of many part-time and adjunct faculty, the terms and conditions of these appointments may disenfranchise and weaken the educational experiences and resources for students. Quite often the terms and conditions of such appointments are inadequate to support responsible teaching or, by extension, a career. This chapter hopes to encourage higher education decision makers to avoid marginalizing as a result of their reliance on part-time and adjunct faculty. The chapter concludes with recommendations for higher education administrators to consider.
CONHECIMENTO DA RADIOPROTEÇÃO EM UNIDADE ORTOPÉDICA DA CIDADE DE CERES-GO

INTRODUCAO: A Radioprotecao e uma medida eficaz na protecao dos profissionais de radiologia no exercicio de suas funcoes, ela e uma pratica de extrema importância, porem muitos profissionais e unidades radiologicas nao seguem adequadamente todos os requisitos estabelecidos pela Portaria no 453/1998. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a adequacao de um hospital ortopedico as diretrizes da radioprotecao, assim como conhecer a pratica da radioprotecao entre os profissionais da area de radiologia e registrar os Equipamentos de Protecao Individual e Equipamentos de Protecao Coletiva disponiveis no local. METODOLOGIA: Esta e uma pesquisa observacional, transversal de carater descritivo, realizada em uma Unidade Hospitalar Ortopedica, localizada na cidade de Ceres-GO. Foi preenchido um checklist contendo 4 campos de avaliacao das seguintes categorias: equipamentos de protecao individual; equipamentos de protecao individual (EPI) de uso do profissional, disponivel na sala de Raios X; equipamentos de protecao coletiva (EPC), requisitos operacionais e legais, a fim de verificar a adequacao a legislacao. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSAO: Por meio da observacao foi possivel identificar que a unidade ortopedica vistoriada continha apenas uma sala de Raios – X, onde eram realizados os procedimentos radiologicos. Durante a visita foi observado a disponibilizacao de EPIs, como aventais, luvas de protecao, oculos plumbiferos e EPCs sendo eles vidro plumbifero, parede de chumbo, porta de aco. Constatou - se que o hospital oferece todos os equipamentos necessarios de protecao (EPIs e EPCs) tanto aos profissionais de radiologia e pacientes primando pela seguranca e protecao de todos os envolvidos, no entanto os mesmos nao sao utilizados adequadamente em determinados procedimentos. CONCLUSAO: Atraves do estudo realizado na Unidade Hospitalar Ortopedica foi possivel observar que a unidade disponibiliza os EPIs e EPCs aos profissionais e pacientes, fornece capacitacoes constantes aos seus profissionais, com o objetivo de mante-los sempre preparados para o exercicio das atividades. No entanto a mesma atende parcialmente aos requisitos da Portaria no 453/1998 que regulamenta a atividade de radioprotecao.
Disparities in the surgical management of early stage non-small cell lung cancer: how far have we come?

It is currently estimated that nearly one-third of patients with newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have stage I–II disease on clinical evaluation. Curative-intent surgical resection has been a cornerstone of the therapeutic management of such patients, offering the best clinical and oncologic outcomes in the long-term. In 1999, Peter Bach and colleagues brought attention to racial disparities in the receipt of curative-intent surgery in the NSCLC population. In the time since this seminal study, there is accumulating evidence to suggest that disparities in the receipt of definitive surgery continue to persist for patients with early stage NSCLC. In this review, we sought to provide an up-to-date assessment of 20 years of surgical disparities literature in the NSCLC population. We summarized common and unrecognized disparities in the receipt of surgical resection for early stage NSCLC and demonstrated that demographic and socioeconomic factors such as race/ethnicity, special patient groups, income and insurance continue to impact the receipt of definitive resection. Additionally, we found that discrepancies in patient and provider perceptions of and attitudes toward surgery, access to invasive staging, distance to treatment centers and negative stigmas about lung cancer that patients experience may act to perpetuate disparities in surgical treatment of early stage lung cancer.
ScanNeo: identifying indel-derived neoantigens using RNA-Seq data.

Summary Insertion and deletion (indels) have been recognized as an important source generating tumor-specific mutant peptides (neoantigens). The focus of indel-derived neoantigen identification has been on leveraging DNA sequencing such as whole exome sequencing, with the effort of using RNA-seq less well explored. Here we present ScanNeo, a fast-streamlined computational pipeline for analyzing RNA-seq to predict neoepitopes derived from small to large-sized indels. We applied ScanNeo in a prostate cancer cell line and validated our predictions with matched mass spectrometry data. Finally, we demonstrated that indel neoantigens predicted from RNA-seq were associated with checkpoint inhibitor response in a cohort of melanoma patients. Availability and implementation ScanNeo is implemented in Python. It is freely accessible at the GitHub repository (https://github.com/ylab-hi/ScanNeo). Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intuitive Broadband Matching Technique for Top-Loaded Monopole Antennas

Wheeler/Chu’s theoretical limit serves as a guideline when designing for the optimum performance of small antennas. It relates the electrical size of the antenna to its quality factor, which can be further related to the bandwidth $\times $ efficiency product. Friedman designed a top-loaded monopole that is particularly broadband given its size, but it is not intuitively obvious how to design the matching structure in terms of effective circuit parameters. In this article, we follow Friedman’s approach in that we start with designing a matching circuit for a simple top-loaded monopole and obtain performance similar to Friedman’s. However, our design is advantageous in two important ways: 1) the circuit is easily understandable and 2) the correspondence between circuit elements and geometrical features on the antenna is clear and straightforward. These advantages may potentially allow this method to be applied to other types of antennas or scaled to different performance parameters.
The Russian Police in War and Revolution

The Russian police before 1917 resembled those in continental Western Europe. The regular police bore multitudinous administrative responsibilities, though the specialized detective police focused on fighting crime. The political police, while more authoritative, were relatively small and focused on combating revolutionary activists. After 1917, the regular police grew larger but continued the same evolution toward specialization in crime-fighting. The political police, by contrast, expanded colossally in size and scope, gained the power of life and death, and grew dramatically more invasive, as a key tool for effecting the Bolsheviks’ project of making all of society and the entire government apparatus open to state scrutiny.
RNA size and 3-dimensional structure determine ultrafiltration behavior of small RNA molecules

Abstract Successful commercialization of RNA therapeutics will require the development of appropriate manufacturing and purification processes suitable for the production of large quantities of high quality and high purity RNA with well-defined tertiary structures. Ultrafiltration has the potential to play a major role in RNA processing, both for removal of large molecular weight species (with the RNA collected in the permeate) and for RNA concentration or buffer exchange (with the RNA collected in the retentate). Previous studies have demonstrated the potential of using tangential flow filtration (TFF) for RNA separations, but most of these data were obtained with crude RNA mixtures containing RNA with a range of size and structure. The objective of this study was to directly evaluate the effects of RNA size and tertiary structure on the ultrafiltration behavior over a range of solution conditions (e.g., added salt and urea). Transmission of a hairpin RNA with 70 nucleotides was much greater than that of a linear RNA having the same number of nucleotides, consistent with the smaller size as determined by dynamic light scattering. RNA transmission increased at high NaCl concentrations and in the presence of urea, particularly for the linear RNA. These results provide new insights into RNA ultrafiltration as well as a framework for the application of ultrafiltration for the purification of RNA therapeutics.
Who participates in global environmental governance? Partial answers from international relations theory

An important current of research in international environmental affairsdeals with the roles of non-state actors in international environmentalgovernance. For many, the growing influence of non-state actors is a welcometrend because these actors, especially non-governmental organizations,facilitate environmental negotiations between states and perform keyinformation-gathering, dissemination, advocacy, and appraisal functions thatstates are either unwilling or unable to do. For the student of internationalrelations (IR), examining the roles and responsibilities of non-state actorsin global environmental affairs is a departure from the ordinary concern ofthat field – namely, the study of interstate behavior. But for the studyof global environmental problems, particularly those problems that aresimultaneously global and local, the investigator must map the influence ofan even broader assemblage of actors. Little is known about how local levelinstitutions or ordinary citizens fit into global environmental policyprocesses. Understanding what motivates public demands for globalenvironmental quality is an especially important research task, especially forthose pervasive environmental problems like global climate change and complexexhortations like sustainable development that require the attention andacquiescence of ordinary citizens.
Complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy in patients receiving anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Importance Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of blindness with several intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents available for its management such as aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab. However, direct comparisons between these three agents among the same patient population are limited. Objective To assess the rate and growth of complete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA) in eyes with nAMD treated with aflibercept, bevacizumab, and/or ranibizumab. Method Retrospective cohort study of patients with treatment-naive neovascular AMD seen at an academic hospital between October 2006 and February 2019. Study eyes were treated with intravitreal injections of aflibercept, bevacizumab, and/or ranibizumab and followed for two years. Main outcomes and measures cRORA prevalence, location, size, and growth rate. Eyes were imaged with Cirrus spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Presence and size of cRORA were calculated using the FDA-approved Advanced RPE Analysis software. Linear regression models were used to correlate cRORA progression with baseline demographic and ocular characteristics, anti-VEGF drug, and number of injections. Unpaired t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression models were computed with SAS 9.4. Results 197 eyes from 158 patients (mean age 78.9, 62.9% women) received an average of 13 anti-VEGF injections over 24 months. 22% developed new cRORA. Mean cRORA area increased from 1.71 mm2 to 2.93 mm2. At 24 months, eyes with 11+ injections had significantly less cRORA area (11+ injections, 4.02 mm2; ≤ 10 injections, 2.46 mm2; p = 0.01) and growth rate (11+ injections, 0.41 mm2/year; ≤ 10 injections, 1.05 mm2/year; p = 0.02). Choice of anti-VEGF drug yielded no significant difference in cRORA progression. Conclusions and relevance Treating nAMD with aflibercept, bevacizumab or ranibizumab demonstrated comparable cRORA development at 24 months. Number of injections inversely correlated with cRORA area and growth. These results warrant further investigation in the pathophysiology of cRORA in anti-VEGF treated eyes.
Modeling a Smart School Building System Using UML and TLA

Designing smart systems has recently received much attention because of the ability to connect heterogeneous sub-systems together to build a fully controlled smart system. In this project, designing a smart, safe, secure school system for students is our eventual goal. In this paper, we propose a model for a smart school building system. We model the system using UML diagrams to illustrate the system's objects and sequences of actions. We use formal methods techniques to verify the properties of the system. Specifically, we use TLA+, the formal specification language, for our formal modeling. As for the smart school building, we design the school to be safe by requiring a username and password for entering the building. The system can also control the lighting system and the temperature for the whole building. For additional safety, the system has a smoke detection sub-system in case of fire. We propose this smart school building system and verify its properties and correctness using the TLA+ toolbox.
Nurse practitioners’ workforce outcomes under implementation of full practice authority

Abstract Background Full practice authority laws that permit nurse practitioners (NPs) to practice independently and prescribe medications may influence NPs’ workforce outcomes. Purpose To examine whether implementation of full practice authority laws affect NP self-employment, average earnings, and likelihood of residing in a primary care health professional shortage area (HPSA). Methods A nationally representative U.S. sample of 9,782 NPs employed in health care during 2010 to 2018 was drawn from the American Community Survey. Difference-in-differences regression was used to estimate covariate-adjusted mean differences in NPs’ workforce outcomes after full practice authority implementation. Findings Among full-time employed NPs, full practice authority was associated with an increased probability of residing in a HPSA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:2.34, 95%CI 1.14, 4.83) and with a higher mean probability of self-employment (aOR:4.97, 95%CI 1.00, 24.86). Discussion Full practice authority implementation improves access to primary care providers in health professional shortage areas and may increase practice ownership among NPs.
Bottom tunnel junction blue light-emitting field-effect transistors

A recent thrust toward efficient modulated light emitters for use in Li-Fi communications has sparked renewed interest in visible III-N InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs). With their high external quantum efficiencies, blue InGaN LEDs are ideal components for such devices. We report a method for achieving voltage-controlled gate-modulated light emission using monolithic integration of fin- and nanowire-n–i–n vertical FETs with bottom-tunnel junction planar blue InGaN LEDs. This method takes advantage of the improved performance of bottom-tunnel junction LEDs over their top-tunnel junction counterparts, while allowing for strong gate control on a low-cross-sectional area fin or wire without sacrificing the LED active area as in lateral integration designs. Electrical modulation of five orders and an order of magnitude of optical modulation are achieved in the device.
Underground Wireless Channel Bandwidth and Capacity

The UG channel bandwidth and capacity are vital parameters in wireless underground communication system design. In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of the wireless underground channel capacity is presented. The impact of soil on return loss, bandwidth, and path loss is discussed. The results of underground multi-carrier modulation capacity are also outlined. Moreover, the single user capacity and multi-carrier capacity are also introduced with an in-depth treatment of soil texture, soil moisture, and distance effects on channel capacity. Finally, the chapter is concluded with a discussion of challenges and open research issues.
The Coding sequence of firefly luciferase reporter gene affects specific hyperexpression Arabidopsis thaliana cpl1 mutant

Abstract Forward genetic screening of mutants using firefly luciferase (LUC) reporter gene became a standard practice in plant research. Such screenings frequently identified alleles of CPL1 (Carboxyl-terminal Phosphatase-Like 1) regardless of promoters or pathways studied. Expression of the corresponding endogenous genes often shows the minimal difference between wild type and cpl1. Here we show that the LUC coding sequence is responsible for the high expression in cpl1, using a classical RD29a-LUC. Deletion of the LUC 3’-UTR did not change hyperactivation of LUC in cpl1. However, a codon-modified LUC (LUC2) produced similar expression levels both in wild type and in cpl1. These results indicate that the coding region of LUC is responsible for the cpl1-specific LUC overexpression uncoupled with the expression of the endogenous counterpart.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Trochanteric Versus Piriformis Reconstruction Nails for Femoral Neck Fracture Prophylaxis.

Objectives To compare piriformis fossa to greater trochanteric entry cephalomedullary implants in an evaluation of femoral neck load to failure when the device is used for femoral shaft fractures with prophylaxis of an associated femoral neck fracture. Methods Thirty fourth-generation synthetic femur models were separated into 5 groups; intact femora, entry sites alone at the piriformis fossa or greater trochanter, and piriformis fossa and greater trochanteric entry sites after the insertion of a cephalomedullary nail. Each model was mechanically loaded with a flat plate against the superior femoral head along the mechanical axis and load to failure was recorded. Results Mean load to failure was 5487 ± 376 N in the intact femur, 3126 ± 387 N in the piriformis fossa entry site group, 3772 ± 558 N in the piriformis entry nail, 5332 ± 292 N for the greater trochanteric entry site, and 5406 ± 801 N for the greater trochanteric nail group. Both piriformis groups were significantly lower compared to the intact group. Both greater trochanteric groups were similar to the intact group and were statistically higher than the piriformis groups. Conclusion A piriformis fossa entry site with or without an intramedullary implant weakens the femoral neck in load to failure testing. A greater trochanteric entry yields a load to failure equivalent to that of an intact femoral neck. Instrumentation with a greater trochanteric cephalomedullary nail is significantly stronger than a piriformis fossa cephalomedullary nail during axial loading in a composite femur model.