cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Active Site Probes for Yeast OMP Decarboxylase: Inhibition Constants of UMP and Thio-Substituted UMP Analogues and Greatly Reduced Activity toward CMP-6-Carboxylate

Abstract The catalytic mechanism of orotidine-5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase, EC 4.1.1.23) involves a proton-sensitive step, probably proton donation to one of the carbonyl oxygens of the substrate, and may also include participation of a Zn 2+ ion. To probe the active site for these mechanistic features, thio-substituted analogues of the product UMP were used as inhibitors of yeast ODCase. The intrinsic inhibition constants of the anionic pyrimidines were calculated using the measured inhibition constants and the p K a values of the respective compounds. 4-ThioUMP is a stronger inhibitor than UMP, while 2-thioUMP has a K i virtually the same as that for UMP. A potential alternate substrate, CMP-6-carboxylate, has been synthesized and found to have undetectable activity and weak binding to ODCase. The results are discussed in a unified model for catalysis involving protonation at O2 and a proposed Zn 2+ interaction at O4.
Modulation of the ATPase Activity of the Molecular Chaperone DnaK by Peptides and the DnaJ and GrpE Heat Shock Proteins

Previous studies have demonstrated that the Escherichia coli DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE heat shock proteins participate in the initiation of bacteriophage λ DNA replication by mediating the required disassembly of a preinitiation nucleoprotein structure that is formed at the phage replication origin. To gain some understanding in a simpler system of how the DnaJ and GrpE cochaperonins influence the activity of DnaK, we have examined the effect of the cochaperonins on the weak intrinsic ATPase activity of the molecular chaperone DnaK in the presence and absence of peptide effectors. We have found that random sequence peptide chains of 8 or 9 amino acid residues in length yield optimal (10-fold) activation of the DnaK ATPase, whereas peptides with 5 or fewer residues fail to stimulate the ATPase of this bacterial hsp70 homologue. Furthermore, we have discovered that those peptides that interact best with DnaK, as judged by their KA as activators of ATP hydrolysis by DnaK, also act as strong inhibitors of λ DNA replication in vitro. The inhibitory effect of peptides on λ DNA replication was overcome by increasing the concentration of DnaK in the replication system. Diminished inhibition was also found when the replication system was supplemented with GrpE cochaperonin, a protein known to increase the effectiveness of DnaK action in λ DNA replication. These and other results suggest that the peptide-binding site of DnaK is required for its function in λ DNA replication. Apparently, peptides sequester free DnaK protein and block λ DNA replication by reducing the amount of DnaK that is free to mediate disassembly of nucleoprotein preinitiation structures. In related studies, we have found that DnaJ, like short peptides, activates the intrinsic ATPase activity of DnaK. DnaJ, however, is substantially more potent in this regard, since it activates DnaK at concentrations 1000-fold below those required for a peptide of random sequence. By itself, the GrpE cochaperonin has no effect on the peptide-independent ATPase activity of DnaK, but GrpE does vigorously stimulate the peptide-dependent ATPase of the DnaK chaperone. Under steady-state conditions, the Vmax of ATP hydrolysis by DnaK was elevated approximately 40-fold by the presence of GrpE and saturating levels of peptides.
300-Element Silicon-Lithium Position-Sensitive Imaging Detector for Angiography

Silicon lithium-drifted [Si(Li)] detectors 150 mm long, 10 mm wide and 5 mm thick with 300 individual elements have been fabricated as imaging detectors for noninvasive studies of human coronary arteries using 33 keV x-rays from a synchrotron radiation beamline. This detector is an extension of earlier work on 30 mm long devices with initially 30 and later 60 elements. The detector fabrication details are discussed highlighting problems in uniform lithium-ion compensation. The device structure is examined and measurements on the interelement impedances presented. Finally an angiograph of the coronary arteries in an excised pig's heart obtained with this 300-element detector is presented.
An optimal speed wind turbine test bench system for PMSG machines with MPP control

An accurate test bench system is required in the research, design and development of Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). Scaled laboratory prototypes are necessary to replicate the characteristics of a wind turbine for any wind speed in a controlled test environment without depending on natural wind resources and actual wind turbine. Optimal Speed Maximum Power Point (MPP) algorithm is embedded into the test bench system to maximize the efficiency of the overall system. Effects of 3p torque oscillation on the wind turbine are studied. The simulations were carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK and test bench system is prototyped using a TI DSP F28035
Discussion Note Evidence for Adverbial Origins of Final -ς on the Medieval and Modern Greek -οντας Participle

This article adduces evidence which helps to confirm the hypothesis of the adverbial origins of final -ς on the -οντα(ς) participle which arose in medieval Greek. First, data from the early vernacular text The Chronicle of the Morea is used to show the inability of a rival hypothesis to account for the distribution of this -ς. Afterward, the hypothesis of adverbial origins is investigated further by noting the distribution of the -ς across multiple editions of three medieval works. As the frequency of innovative -ς appearing on certain adverbs occurs in direct correlation to the frequency of innovative -ς on the participle, the hypothesis for a link between the two phenomena is strengthened.
Group Counseling with the Adolescent Learning Disabled

Based on a review of the literature involving group counseling and guidance activities with learning impaired adolescent students, the present article focuses on the cooperative assistance that counselors and special education teachers can provide for the learning disabled. A rationale and set of procedures are suggested to incorporate group activities for the less severely impaired so as to facilitate their reintegration into regular classrooms.
Subsequent therapy can be administered after tositumomab and iodine I-131 tositumomab for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

BACKGROUND Iodine I-131 tositumomab is a well tolerated and effective therapy for recurrent low-grade and transformed low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Hematologic reserve after radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is an important consideration when subsequent therapy is required. METHODS One hundred fifty-five patients who received treatment with I-131 tositumomab were assessed, and 68 patients had progressive disease after RIT. The median age (n = 68 patients) was 59 years (range,18–82 yrs), and patients received a median of 2 pre-RIT regimens (range,1–8 regimens), including 66% who received anthracycline, 19% who received platinum, and 50% who received fludarabine. RESULTS The median time to disease progression (among progressors) was 168 days (range, 19–771 days). At the time they developed recurrent disease, patients had median white blood cell count (WBC) of 4.9 K cells/μL (range, 1.1–21.4 K cells/μL), a median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 3.25 K cells/μL (range, 0.59–8.20 K cells/μL), a median platelet count of 130 K cells/μL (range, 9–440 K cells/μL), and there was no significant difference between pre-RIT and recurrence values except for the platelet count (P < 0.05). No patient demonstrated a WBC < 1.0 K cells/μL or an ANC < 0.5 K cells/μL, although 1 patient had a platelet count < 10 K cells/μL. Twenty-four patients subsequently received no further chemotherapy; and, in 21 patients (88%), hematologic parameters appeared to allow subsequent chemotherapy if necessary (blood counts: National Cancer Institute Grade 0–2). Among 44 patients (65%) who received further chemotherapy (median, 2 regimens; range, 1–4 regimens), 19 patients (43%) were treated with anthracyclines, 17 patients (39%) were treated with platinum, 10 patients (23%) were treated with fludarabine, and 13 patients (30%) underwent stem cell transplantation. Disease improvement occurred in most patients, although 18 patients died (40%) after further chemotherapy, predominantly from refractory lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with progressive disease after treatment with iodine I-131 tositumomab were able to receive subsequent therapy, including cytotoxic chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Atomic structure and charge-density waves of blue bronze K 0.3 Mo O 3 ( 20 1 ¯ ) by variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

Blue bronze $({\mathrm{K}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Mo}{\mathrm{O}}_{3})$ has been the focus of a number of scattering, transport, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and theoretical studies that have provided insight into the relation between atomic structure and charge-density wave (CDW) formation. However, the full extent of a relation of the CDWs to the atomic lattice and the microscopic origin of CDW pinning are still not completely resolved. In this study STM is used to distinguish the atomic structure and CDWs at the $(20\overline{1})$ surface. Within the STM's spatial resolution, the CDWs are incommensurate with the lattice at midrange temperatures and approach commensurability at low temperatures. Incommensurate CDWs are present on the surface and the degree of the incommensurability between blue bronze lattice and CDW lattice agree well with those determined from bulk scattering techniques.
Interim mortality in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum

Background Recent work has focused attention on interim mortality (death after hospital discharge and before second-stage surgery) in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. This study investigates interim mortality in infants undergoing systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts for pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Methods At two centers in 11 years (January 1991 through December 2001), 35 infants underwent placement of shunts for palliation of pulmonary atresia with intact septum. Patients were identified from the cardiology database at each institution, and data were collected retrospectively. The infants were classified into two groups, with and without severe right ventricular hypoplasia, based on the initial surgical plan (Fontan or two-ventricle repair). Results The mean age and weight of the infants were 9 days and 3.1 kg. The right ventricle was severely hypoplastic in 22 of 35 infants. Hospital death occurred in 2 patients (9.1%), 1 with severe right ventricular hypoplasia. The remaining 33 patients form the study population. There were a total of 5 deaths (15%) after discharge and before second-stage operation, all in patients with severe right ventricular hypoplasia. Two patients, 1 with hypoplastic right ventricle, died after second-stage operation. Conclusions These data confirm a significant incidence of interim death in infants with pulmonary atresia and hypoplastic right ventricle. The interim mortality rate in the current two-institution study of infants with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum is similar to that in hypoplastic left heart syndrome if all patients are considered (15%), and is somewhat higher (24%) than that for hypoplastic left heart syndrome if only patients with severe right ventricular hypoplasia are considered. This rate of interim death must be considered when different treatment options (such as shunt or transplant) are contemplated.
Algorithms for analyzing concurrent software systems using derivatives

Abstract Brzozowski's technique of derivatives of regular expressions, when suitably extended, can be used to answer questions such as whether a given sequence of events can occur during the execution of a concurrent software system. We show how to use derivatives in analyzing concurrent systems in which processes communicate by message transmission, buffered or unbuffered. We present an algorithm which applies to systems in which all interprocess buffers have bounded capacity, and another, in which event expressions are combined with state vectors for increased generality and efficiency, which applies to systems with unbounded buffering. Implementations have been constructed, and experiments have shown that our techniques are computationally competitive with rival techniques based on state transitions.
NMDA-mediated facilitation in the echo-delay tuned areas of the auditory cortex of the mustached bat

Abstract We recorded the responses of single delay-tuned neurons in the dorsal fringe (DF) area and the FM–FM area of the auditory cortex of the mustached bat using multi-barreled carbon-fiber electrodes. An iontophoretic application of N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) or kainate (KA) to a DF neuron evoked a burst of discharges from the neuron. The burst of discharges evoked by NMDA was always smaller than that evoked by KA. Simultaneous application of d -2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV) with NMDA and KA abolished the NMDA-evoked but not the KA-evoked discharges. APV did not evoke any significant changes in the auditory responses of 43 out of the 47 delay-tuned neurons studied in the DF area, and in all 20 neurons studied in the FM–FM area. In the remaining four DF neurons, however, APV either increased the initial discharges of their auditory response or decreased the late discharges of their response. These results indicate that in the majority of neurons in the DF and FM–FM areas NMDA receptors do not play a significant role in the processing of target-distance information, and that their facilitative auditory responses are basically created by synaptic interactions occurring in the subcortical auditory nuclei.
The use of the polarograph to distinguish between the peroxide structures in oxidized fats

A polarographic method for the determination of peroxides has been applied to fats and related esters. The data presented show that at least three different peroxide structures are present in early stages of oxidation and persist during extensive autoxidation. The peroxides of lard, methyl oleate, and methyl linoleate cannot be distinguished by the polarographic method used in this investigation. Autoxidation of lard at 100°C. is shown to give reduction curves which are much different from those obtained when lard is autoxidized at 45°C. Preliminary work has indicated that the chromatographic technique of Dugan et al. does not separate the peroxide structures which are determined polarographically.
Intralist similarity and facilitation of paired-associate learning by fixed order presentation

It was demonstrated that when intralist similarity is high, paired-associate learning proceeds faster with fixed order presentation than with varied order. When intralist similarity is low, fixed order presentation does not facilitate learning.
Evolution of Capecitabine Dosing in Colorectal Cancer

Fluoropyrimidines remain the cornerstone of chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), even with the availability of newer cytotoxic and targeted biologic agents (eg, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, bevacizumab, cetuximab, and panitumumab). Though 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can be administered via bolus or infusional schedules, the intermittent infusional schedule has been a mainstay of fluoropyrimidine-based regimens. This strategy, however, requires the insertion of central venous catheters and infusion pumps, which represent major inconveniences for patients and are associated with an increased risk for complications. Capecitabine is an orally administered fluoropyrimidine carbamate that is absorbed intact from the gastrointestinal tract and becomes metabolically activated to 5-FU within the tumor. Orally administered chemotherapy gives patients greater flexibility and independence and, as a result, may improve compliance and lower overall healthcare costs. Several randomized phase III studies have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of capecitabine in mCRC, whether used as monotherapy or in combination with oxaliplatin. However, dosing has been the subject of considerable debate, and there is evidence that dosing differs among clinical practices in Europe, Asia, and North America. The optimal dose and dosing schedule of capecitabine might require individualization based on specific patient factors, such as presence of comorbid illnesses, renal function, use of other prescription and nonprescription drugs, herbal and/ or nutritional supplements, and the development of adverse events. Guidelines for capecitabine dose modification/ interruption have been developed, and they should be used when trying to optimize oral fluoropyrimidine therapy for patients with mCRC.
Capitalizing on happenstance

Unplanned events occur every day and have a deep impact on individuals' lives. The happenstance learning theory (Krumboltz, 2009; Krumboltz & Levin, 2010), briefly summarized in this article, provides guidance for employment counselors assisting clients to clarify goals and brainstorm actions to capitalize on chance events.
TIVA, TCI, and pediatrics: where are we and where are we going?

Summary The current role of TIVA in children is limited because of hardwarelimitations, and pharmacokinetic and monitoring issues. Nonetheless,the role of TIVA in children has been increasing in the past decade, inpart because of surgical and medical indications. If TIVA is to becomemore widely used, it must be easy and simple to set up, withoutserious drawbacks and without added risks. Currently, many drugsdestined for use with TIVA in children are off-label, and theirpharmacology is poorly understood. Such off-label designations mustbe resolved if TIVA is to become more widely used. At the same time,many institutions have a limited number of infusion pumps, whichcreates a serious bottleneck and restriction on the use of TIVA.. If atrue TIVA technique is used, i.v. access must be established beforeinduction of anesthesia, which will require a means to establish i.v.access painlessly, e.g., using a topical local anesthetic. This is not acommon practice in a number of jurisdictions but must be introducedif TIVA is to expand in its scope in children. Currently, I believe thatwe deliver a ‘partial’ TIVA technique in which TIVA occasionallyfollows an inhalational induction but in the future when the currentobstacles have been resolved, I believe that we will be able practice atrue TIVA technique ubiquitously in children.Keywords: children; pharmacokinetics; target-controlled infusions;total intravenous anesthesiaFor the past 150 years, inhalational anesthetics havedominated the practice of general anesthesia. Theirpopularity persisted despite the crude and imprecisedelivery systems, the potential for organotoxicity,the serious cardiorespiratory side effects and ourinability to continuously monitor anesthetic partialpressures. The notion that general anesthesia couldbe delivered solely by the i.v. route to children withany medical or surgical disorder is a relatively newconcept. Topical local analgesia was not available toestablish i.v. access. Earlier attempts at total intra-venous anesthesia (TIVA) were met with disap-pointment as the drugs were unsatisfactory (althesin– anaphylaxis; thiopentone and valium – prolongedrecovery), there were no means to measure the effect
Trends in German Hip Hop Music and Its Usefulness for the Classroom

German hip hop music has proved productive, especially since 2000 when rap in Germany experienced something like a first crisis. As a response, German hip hop artists and record labels have ventured off in several different directions including other musical genres, different topics, and new approaches to German rap. This article discusses the developments in German music, including the emergence of German R&B, Xavier Naidoo and the new religiousness, and new directions in rap. Two songs and their application for the classroom are described. The article concludes with suggestions for obtaining German music in the US.
Cardiogastric fistula occurring 9 years after resection of left ventricular aneurysm

An 83-year-old man, 9 years after repair of a postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle, developed fever, anemia, and congestive heart failure. Extensive evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract revealed no evidence of ulcer disease. While in the hospital, he developed massive hematemesis and melena and died 2 days later. At autopsy, a communication existed between a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm and the stomach to form a cardiogastric fistula. Infection of the left ventricular pseudoaneurysm may have precipitated the gastric perforation. This represents an extremely rare late complication of aneurysmectomy procedures and, to our knowledge, is the first case to be reported in the absence of primary gastrointestinal pathology.
Kitcher's Compromise: A critical examination of the Compromise Model of scientific closure, and its implications for the relationship between history and philosophy of science

Abstract In The Advancement of Science (1993) Philip Kitcher develops what he calls the ‘Compromise Model’ of the closure of scientific debates. The model is designed to acknowledge significant elements from ‘Rationalist’ and ‘Antirationalist’ accounts of science, without succumbing to the one-sidedness of either. As part of an ambitious naturalistic account of scientific progress, Kitcher's model succeeds to the extent that transitions in the history of science satisfy its several conditions. 1 critically evaluate the Compromise Model by identifying its crucial assumptions and by attempting to apply the model to a major transition in the history of biology: the rejection of ‘naive group selectionism’ in the 1960s. I argue that the weaknesses and limitations of Kitcher's model exemplify general problems facing philosophical models of scientific change, and that recognition of these problems supports a more modest vision of the relationship between historical and philosophical accounts of science.
Particulate flux in the water column overlying Santa Monica Basin

Abstract Fluxes of particulate carbon, nitrogen, phytoplankton pigments, biogenic silica and dry mass were measured using free-floating and moored sediment trap arrays in the Santa Monica Basin during the period from October 1985 to August 1990 as part of the California Basin Study (CaBS) Program. In field testing for potential sources of sediment trap biases, we found little significant or consistent difference in rate estimates between short-term drifting traps and long-term moored traps, between preserved and unpreserved traps in short-term experiments, between different preservatives (mercury or formalin) in long-term experiments, between different designs of small cylindrical traps, and between deep-moored cylindrical traps and large conical traps. We did, however, find that sediment trap samples collected and analyzed on 0.45 μm silver filters gave estimates of carbon and nitrogen fluxes about 25% higher than samples collected on GF/F glass-fiber filters. Concurrent trap deployments at two stations 18km apart revealed low mesoscale variability in flux estimates. Seasonal patterns in carbon and nitrogen flux were not evident in our data, but strong seasonality, with spring maxima and summer minima, were observed for fluxes of phaeopigments and biogenic silica out of the euphotic zone. Time-averaged rates of particulate flux for long-term trap deployments from January to August 1990, were 121, 18.8, 1.5, 67 and 633mg m−2d−1 at 110–135m for carbon, nitrogen, phaeopigment, biogenic silica and mass, respectively. Flux estimates to the basin floor (835–860m) were 50, 6.5, 0.64, 41.6 and 575mg m−2d−1 for the same parameters. The former estimates are constrained by and in good agreement with independent assessments of new production from nitrate uptake in the euphotic zone. The latter agree with rates previously inferred from the sedimentary record using 210Pb as a tracer. In addition, the difference in carbon estimates in the water column between the euphotic zone and the basin floor is consistent with the requirements for bacterial growth and metabolism at intermediate depths as measured by the thymidine method.
Performance Analysis of Distributed Routing Strategies Free of Ping-Pong-Type Looping

This paper deals with a distributed adaptive routing strategy which is very simple and effective, and is free of a ping-pong-type looping in the presence of network failures. Using the number of time intervals required for a node to recover from a network failure as the measure of network's adaptability, performance of this strategy and the ARPANET's previous routing strategy (APRS) is comparatively analyzed without resorting to simulation. Formulas of the exact number of time intervals required for failure recovery under both strategies are also derived. We show that i)the performance of the strategy is always better than, or at least as good as, that of APRS, and ii) network topology has significant effects on the performance of both strategies.
A missing link in the transfer problem? Examining how trainers learn about training transfer

This study describes and reports the methods training professionals use to learn about training transfer. Specifically, this study focused on trainers' use and perceived utility of the literature (research and practitioner-based) to develop their knowledge of how to support training transfer in their organization. Consistent with extant research conducted on human resource professionals, our survey results suggest that training professionals seek knowledge mostly through informal learning (e.g., job experiences, discussions with internal and external training professionals, books, searching the Web), but they prefer to learn about training transfer in discussions with external trainers and academics. As a follow-up to the survey, our interview results indicate that trainers select learning methods based on source quality, motivation, and accessibility, but these differed based on which learning methods were chosen. Ideas to guide future human resource researchers are presented within the framework of information-seeking theory. This paper concludes by discussing practical implications for increasing trainer competencies that support training transfer in organizations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Integrating Risks for Type 2 Diabetes Across Childhood: A Life Course Perspective

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) emerged among children, due in large measure to a strong physiological link between increased weight states and T2DM. In this article, cumulative risk factors for T2DM across childhood and its underlying mechanisms are reviewed. The points of intervention for T2DM should occur throughout childhood. The use of Halfon and Hochstein's framework enables practitioners and researchers in the nursing field to better understand a child's individual risk for T2DM. Only with this long view will prevention and interventions be successful in stemming the tide of the "twin epidemic" threatening children worldwide.
934 INTERACTION OP POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMN) AND RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV): POSSIBLE ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIOLITIS

The effect of live RSV, RSV antigen-antibody complexes, and antibody to RSV on oxidative functions of human PMN was determined by employing luminol-dependent-chemiluminescence (LDCL). The presence of immune complexes was established by Raji cell radioimmune assay (RIA) and by the presence of immune aggregates on electron microscopy. The fresh PMN were obtained from healthy adult volunteers. RSV or antibody to RSV alone failed to induce significant degree of LDCL. However, RSV and RSV antibody mixtures generated significant degree of LDCL (P<0.001). The degree of LDCL activity induced by the virus-antibody mixtures was directly proportional to the presence and concentration of RSV-specific immune complexes as detected by RIA and EM. Removal of immune complexes by ultracentrifugation effectively eliminated the LDCL responses. LDCL activity was reduced four-fold after complement depletion. These data suggest a marked activation of oxidative metabolic pathway of PMN by RSV specific immune complexes. It is proposed that PMN mobilized to respiratory epithelium during the course of RSV infection, rather than the respiratory epithelium itself may serve as the targets for immune complex deposition. Such interaction may mediate the pathogenesis of RSV infection and bronchospasm via the possible release of metabolic products such as prostaglandins or thromboxanes from activated PMN.
La méthanolyse de l'acide hyaluronique méthylé. Recherches sur l'acide hyaluronique et les substances apparentées V

Action of methanolic hydrochloric acid on the methyl ester of methylated hyaluronic acid does not produce monosides. Thus, periodate oxidation of the split product cannot be used to establish the structure of hyaluronique acid.
Principal component noise filtering for NAST-I radiometric calibration

The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed- Interferometer (NAST-I) instrument is a high-resolution scanning interferometer that measures emitted thermal radiation between 3.3 and 18 microns. The NAST-I radiometric calibration is achieved using internal blackbody calibration references at ambient and hot temperatures. In this paper, we introduce a refined calibration technique that utilizes a principal component (PC) noise filter to compensate for instrument distortions and artifacts, therefore, further improve the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy. To test the procedure and estimate the PC filter noise performance, we form dependent and independent test samples using odd and even sets of blackbody spectra. To determine the optimal number of eigenvectors, the PC filter algorithm is applied to both dependent and independent blackbody spectra with a varying number of eigenvectors. The optimal number of PCs is selected so that the total root-mean-square (RMS) error is minimized. To estimate the filter noise performance, we examine four different scenarios: apply PC filtering to both dependent and independent datasets, apply PC filtering to dependent calibration data only, apply PC filtering to independent data only, and no PC filters. The independent blackbody radiances are predicted for each case and comparisons are made. The results show significant reduction in noise in the final calibrated radiances with the implementation of the PC filtering algorithm.
Ubiquitination of Retinoblastoma Family Protein 1 Potentiates Gene-specific Repression Function

The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor family functions as a regulatory node governing cell cycle progression, differentiation, and apoptosis. Post-translational modifications play a critical role in modulating RB activity, but additional levels of control, including protein turnover, are also essential for proper function. The Drosophila RB homolog Rbf1 is subjected to developmentally cued proteolysis mediated by an instability element (IE) present in the C terminus of this protein. Paradoxically, instability mediated by the IE is also linked to Rbf1 repression potency, suggesting that proteolytic machinery may also be directly involved in transcriptional repression. We show that the Rbf1 IE is an autonomous degron that stimulates both Rbf1 ubiquitination and repression potency. Importantly, Rbf1 IE function is promoter-specific, contributing to repression of cell cycle responsive genes but not to repression of cell signaling genes. The multifunctional IE domain thus provides Rbf1 flexibility for discrimination between target genes embedded in divergent cellular processes.
Black Women Achievers: An Isolated Elite

This report deals with the marginality of upwardly mobile black women and the sociological consequences of their marginal status in contributing to their social isolation and their mate selection chances. I examined two ideal types of women achievers, Type A and Type B, and the way in which they respond to their alienation.
CHEMICAL BUBBLE DYNAMICS AND QUANTITATIVE SONOCHEMISTRY

We model the collapse of a bubble by taking into account all the energy forms involved (i.e., mechanical, thermal, chemical, and radiative) and compare the calculated radical yields with sonochemical data in H2O. Water decomposition plays a critical role in the energy balance, but trails equilibrium even in bubbles collapsing at subsonic speeds. Integration of the equation of bubble motion coupled with a full chemical mechanism reveals that (1) terminal gas temperatures and Mach numbers ML increase in cooler water, (2) ΓOH, the number of OH-radicals produced per unit applied work at maximum MLwhen bubbles become unstable and disperse into the liquiddecreases at small and very large sound intensities. We show that available data on the sonochemical decomposition of volatile solutessuch as CCl4, which is pyrolyzed within collapsing bubblesare compatible with the efficient conversion of ultrasonic energy into transient cavitation. On this basis we calculate ΓOH = (1 ± 0.5) × 1017 molecules/J for R0 = 2 μm bu...
Intensive outpatient comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics: A case series

Recent randomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) in treating children and adults with Tourette syndrome and persistent tic disorders. However, the standard CBIT protocol uses a weekly outpatient treatment format (i.e., 8 sessions over 10 wk), which may be inconvenient or impractical for some patients, particularly patients, who are required to travel long distances in order to receive care. In contrast, an intensive outpatient program may increase accessibility to evidence-based behavioral treatments for Tourette syndrome and other persistent tic disorders by eliminating the necessity of repeated travel. This case series evaluated the use of an intensive outpatient program CBIT (IOP CBIT) for the treatment of 2 preadolescent males (ages 10 and 14 years) with Tourette syndrome. The IOP CBIT treatment protocol included several hours of daily treatment over a 4-d period. Both children evidenced notable reductions in their tics and maintained treatment gains at follow-up. Moreover, both patients and their parents expressed treatment satisfaction with the IOP CBIT format. This case series addresses an important research gap in the behavioral treatment of tic disorders literature. The patients’ treatment outcomes indicate that IOP CBIT is a promising treatment that warrants more systematic investigation.
Men Just Weren’t Made To Do This Performances of Drag at “Walk a Mile in Her Shoes” Marches

Though there is a vast literature on performances of drag, performances of gender and sexual transgressions outside of drag clubs are less studied. This case study of men’s marches protesting violence against women—“Walk a Mile in Her Shoes” marches— examines the politics of such transgressions. Cross-dressing to various degrees is strategically utilized at these events in an attempt to encourage men to become empathetic allies. This article suggests, however, that context is critical to the political potential of performances of drag. The author’s observations of the interactions at the marches suggest that drag at “Walk a Mile” marches often symbolically reproduces gender and sexual inequality despite good intentions. At these marches, feminism is gendered when performances of politics and protest are contextually framed as gender and/or sexual transgressions when “feminism” is understood as “feminine.”
Surface Impedance of Superconductors

A detailed calculation of the surface impedance of superconductors is given based on the general theory of the anomalous skin effect in normal and superconducting metals given by Mattis and Bardeen. It is found that there are large corrections to the extreme anomalous limit value of the superconducting to normal surface resistance ratio; corrections to the surface reactance ratio are much smaller. The theory is compared with recent experiments on the surface impedance of aluminum and of tin. It is found that the theory gives satisfactory agreement with experimental data on the surface impedance, both in absolute value and in its temperature and frequency dependence over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies.
A simplified HPLC method for simultaneously quantifying ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides in cell extracts or frozen tissues

Agents and conditions that induce alterations in deoxyribonucleotide pools can have important regulatory effects on the rate of DNA synthesis as well as cell cycle progression. A simplified procedure for the separation of both ribonucleoside triphosphates (NTP) and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) is presented which utilizes reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. The simultaneous resolution of NTP and dNTP peaks within the same cell extract effectively eliminates the need for post-extraction steps such as periodate oxidation and/or boronate affinity chromatography previously used to degrade or isolate co-eluting NTP from dNTP. The resolution of two nucleotides, dGTP and ADP, was found empirically to vary with the efficiency of the C18 column. High efficiency columns (> 90,000 plates/m) provided good separation; however, less efficient columns resulted in co-elution of dGTP and ADP. These co-eluting nucleotides can be accurately quantified, if necessary, using diode array technology and a mathematical expression which incorporates molar peak coefficients and peak areas obtained by monitoring at dual wave-lengths. Tissue samples or single cell suspensions were extracted with trichloroacetic acid and the neutralized extract was injected directly into the column without prior lyophilization. The per cent recovery of standards was > or = 99% and replicate extractions within or between samples were highly reproducible (SD < 5%). The single step method described minimizes potential losses associated with post-extraction manipulation and provides the capability to examine alterations in nucleotide precursor-product metabolism under various physiological and pharmacological conditions.
Negative Effects of Gysteine Hydrochloride on Regression of Carcinoma in Line A Albino Mice

SummaryCysteine hydrochloride injected directly into spontaneous and inoculated carcinoma caused necrosis and extrusion of necrotic material but produced permanent regression in only one animal. Partial regression of one tumor was without effect on the growth of a second untreated tumor.
Biophysical studies of T-cell receptors and their ligands

Abstract Recently developed methodologies for the production of the soluble extracellular domains of αβTCRs have allowed several biophysical characterizations. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters associated with specific ligand interactions between the TCR and MHC—peptide complexes, as well as superantigens, are now being established. Crystallographic studies of isolated TCR fragments have yielded the structures of a Vα domain and the two extracellular domains of a β-chain. These investigations are beginning to allow a new visualization of antigen recognition and T-cell activation processes.
Nanowire Composite Thermoelectric Devices

This paper discusses the design, fabrication and testing of a novel thermoelectric device comprised of arrays of silicon nanowires embedded in a polymer matrix. By exploiting the low thermal conductivity of the composite and presumably high power factor of the nanowires, a high figure of merit should result. Arrays were first synthesized using a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) process leading to one-dimensional growth of single-crystalline nanowires. To provide both structural support and thermal isolation between nanowires, parylene, a low thermal conductivity and extremely conformal polymer, was embedded within the arrays. Mechanical polishing and oxygen plasma etching techniques were used to expose the nanowire tips and a metal contact was deposited on the top surface. Scanning electron microscopy pictures illustrate the results of the fabrication processes. Using the 3ω technique, the effective thermal conductivity of the nanowire matrix was measured.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Information technology literacy revisited: an exploratory assessment

This study examines student perceptions and usage of a variety of information technologies, their comfort level in performing basic computer related tasks, and their computer related experience and sources of learning about information technology. Findings are interpreted through a systems thinking perspective with a focus on the implications for information technology educators. Although students today have more exposure to information technology than their counterparts of a decade ago, these findings indicate that they still do not perceive the classroom as a major source of learning about it. Exploratory analysis, however, reveals that greater classroom exposure to information technology is positively related to a variety of factors.
Modeling the Reliability of Existing Software using Static Analysis

Software unreliability represents an increasing risk to overall system reliability. As systems become larger and more complex, mission critical and safety critical systems have had increasing functionality controlled exclusively through software. This change, coupled with generally increasing reliability in hardware modules, has resulted in a shift of the root cause of systems failure from hardware to software. Market forces, including decreased time to market, reduced development team sizes, and other factors, have encouraged projects to reuse existing software as well as to purchase COTS software solutions. This has made the usage of the more than 200 existing software reliability models increasingly difficult. Traditional software reliabilitiy models require significant testing data to be collected during software development in order to estimate software reliability. If this data is not collected in a disciplined manner or is not made available to software engineers, these modeling techniques can not be applied. It is imperative that practical reliability modeling techniques be developed to address these issues. It is on this premise that an appropriate software reliability model combining static analysis of existing source code modules, limited testing with path capture, and Bayesian Belief Networks is presented. Static analysis is used to detect faults within the source code which may lead to failure. Code coverage is used to determine which paths within the source code are executed as well as how often they execute. Finally, Bayesian Belief Network is then used to combine these parameters and estimate the resulting software reliability.
Domain-based program synthesis using planning and derivational analogy

In this thesis, I propose a domain-based, integrated framework for program synthesis that emphasizes the reuse of software components and past experience in solving problems. A crucial component of the framework is a concept dictionary that contains a description of domain related components. This forms a basis for communicating with a user in a high-level, application-oriented terms; for constructing generic, problem-solving rules, and for reasoning by analogy. The other components of the framework include a library of reusable subroutines, cliches, and derivation histories of previously solved problems, a layered rulebase, a hierarchical planner, and an analogical reasoner based on Carbonell's derivational analogy paradigm. The planner uses the rulebase and the library to decompose a given problem in a top-down manner and synthesize a plan for solving it. The layered structure of the rule-base ensures that efficient plans are preferred over inefficient ones, and the changes needed to synthesize programs for a different domain are minimal. The analogical reasoner complements the role of the planner. It uses a set of heuristics to retrieve a problem from the derivation history library that is analogous to a current problem, and replays the derivation of the retrieved problem to synthesize a program for the current problem. A solved problem is stored back into the derivation history library, and may be used to solve a different problem in a future context. A prototype system, APU, based on the above framework has been implemented for the domain of UNIX programming. We describe a set of experiments designed to test the performance of APU, and provide empirical results demonstrating the feasibility and usefulness of the approach.
Increased JNK in males compared with females in a rodent model of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Background In humans, there is a 4:1 male:female ratio in the incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) is an important upstream regulator of several enzymes involved in AAA formation, including the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a gender difference between males and females in JNK during AAA formation. Materials and Methods Male and female C57/B6 mice underwent aortic perfusion with elastase or heat inactivated elastase with aortas harvested at d 3 and 14 for phenotype determination, RT-PCR, Western blot, and zymography. Additionally, in vitro experiments using siRNA were conducted to define JNK regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). A t -test was used to compare between groups. Results Males formed larger AAAs at d 14 compared with females ( P in vitro decreased MMP activity, while knockdown of JNK 1 and 2 together blocked all MMP activity. Conclusion Alterations in JNK between genders is partially responsible for the differential rates of experimental AAA formation, likely through differential regulation of MMPs.
Comparative health assessment of Western Pacific leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) foraging off the coast of California, 2005-2007.

Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are critically endangered, primarily threatened by the overharvesting of eggs, fisheries entanglement, and coastal development. The Pacific leatherback population has experienced a catastrophic decline over the past two decades. Leatherbacks foraging off the coast of California are part of a distinct Western Pacific breeding stock that nests on beaches in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. Although it has been proposed that the rapid decline of Pacific leatherback turtles is due to increased adult mortality, little is known about the health of this population. Health assessments in leatherbacks have examined females on nesting beaches, which provides valuable biological information, but might have limited applicability to the population as a whole. During September 2005 and 2007, we conducted physical examinations on 19 foraging Pacific leatherback turtles and measured normal physiologic parameters, baseline hematologic and plasma biochemistry ...