cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teratocarcinoma transplantation rejection loci: genetic localization of the Gt-1 locus on chromosome 17 and the expression of alternate alleles.

A series of congenic mice on the BALB/c genetic background have been employed to localize a teratocarcinoma transplantation rejection locus, Gt-1, to the K side of the H-2 locus on chromosome 17. Previous studies have placed the Gt-1 sv allele about 8 centimorgans away from the H-2 b or H-2 bv1 locus. Teratocarcinomas derived from 129/sv mice, Gt-1 sv (H-2K bv1/H-2D bv1), are rejected by BALB/c (H-2K d/H-2Dd) and BALB-G mice (H-2K d/H2D-b, but form tumors in BALB-B (H-2K b/H2D b) and BALB/5R5 mice (H-2K b/H2D d). In the reciprocal tumor-rejection test, a BALB/c teratocarcinoma was rejected by immunized BALB·B mice, but formed tumors in the immunized isogenic BALB/c mouse. These studies demonstrate the reciprocal expression of two Gt-1 alleles, one Gt-1 c, in BALB/c mice, and the other, Gt-1 sv, in the congenic BALB·B mice. Shedlovsky and co-workers have placed the Gt-1 locus in a similar location on the K side of the H-2 locus on chromosome 17.
Geometrically nonlinear analysis of cylindrical shells using surface-parallel quadratic elements

A moderately thick cylindrical shell isoparametric element that is capable of accurately modeling cylindrically curved geometry, while also incorporating appropriate through-thickness kinematic relations is developed. The analysis accounts for fully nonlinear kinematic relations so that stable equilibrium paths in the advanced nonlinear regime can be accurately predicted. The present nonlinear finite element solution methodology is based on the hypothesis of linear displacement distribution through thickness (LDT) and the total Lagrangian formulation. A curvilinear side 16-node element with eight nodes on each of the top and bottom surfaces of a cylindrical shell has been implemented to model the transverse shear/normal deformation behavior represented by the LDT. The BFGS iterative scheme is used to solve the resulting nonlinear equations. A thin-shallow clamped cylindrical panel is investigated to test the convergence of the present element, and also to compare the special case of the present solution based on the KNSA (von Karman strain approximation) with those computed using the available faceted elements, discrete Kirchhoff constraint theory (DKT) and classical shallow shell finite elements, spanning the entire computed equilibrium path.
Person-positivity bias: Are individuals liked better than groups?

Abstract Person-positivity bias is a tendency for people to evaluate individuals more positively than the groups they compose. Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that person-positivity bias would occur only in evaluations of disliked people. Results showed, as expected, that individuals were not evaluated more positively than the groups they composed when the people being evaluated were physically attractive (Experiment 1) or were described as having likable personalities (Experiment 2). Person-positivity bias did occur when the people being evaluated were low in physical attractiveness (Experiment 1) or were described as having unlikable personalities (Experiment 2). The hypothesis that perceived similarity accounts for person-positivity bias was supported only in Experiment 2. The hypothesis that person-positivity bias is an example of a set-size effect was not supported. Discussion suggests that person-positivity bias may counteract some of the negative effects of stereotypes.
Metal Hydride and Ligand Proton Transfer Mechanism for the Hydrogenation of Dimethyl Carbonate to Methanol Catalyzed by a Pincer Ruthenium Complex

The hydrogenation of dimethyl carbonate to methanol catalyzed by a PNN-ligated ruthenium complex (PNN)Ru(CO)(H) was studied computationally using the density functional theory at the range-separated and dispersion-corrected ωB97X-D functional level in conjunction with an all-electron 6-31++G(d,p) basis set (Stuttgart ECP28MWB basis set for Ru). A direct metal hydride and ligand proton transfer mechanism with three cascade catalytic cycles for the hydrogenation of dimethyl carbonate, methyl formate, and formaldehyde to methanol is proposed. The resting state in the catalytic reaction is the trans dihydride complex trans-(PNN)Ru(H)2(CO). Calculation results indicate that the rate-determining step in the whole reaction is the formation of the second methanol molecule through simultaneous breaking of a C–OCH3 bond and transferring a ligand methylene proton to the dissociated CH3O– in the catalytic cycle for hydrogenation of methyl formate. The essential role of the noninnocent PNN pincer ligand is to split H2...
Military incompetence and failure: A historical, comparative and analytical evaluation

(1978). Military incompetence and failure: A historical, comparative and analytical evaluation. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 121-138.
Thermomechanical Theory of Capillary Soil Water

Thermomolecular pressure difference (TPD) and the mechanocaloric effect (MCE) are distinct, observable phenomena. Predictions of both arise in a general manner from linear irreversible thermodynamics. Analysis of water as a single mobile substance in capillary media independent of the usual irreversible thermodynamic concepts nevertheless has been shown to lead to the same results. Equations for water vapor, liquid water, and heat transport according to irreversible thermodynamic theory, including the Onsager reciprocity principle, are presented. Application of these equations to simple capillary geometries serves to illustrate the TPD and MCE effects. Results to be expected in degraded conditions (random porous media), relative to the structured capillary results are discussed. Before today, Onsager reciprocity is not generally enforced in models of simultaneous soil water and heat transport. At the same time, however, current models are reputedly inadequate or at least in need of refinement.
Food and Drug Administration commentary on "a new paradigm for obtaining marketing approval for pediatric-sized prosthetic heart valves".

In January 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and AdvaMed organized a workshop for developing a pathway to market for pediatric heart valves. This meeting included representatives from the device industry, medical community, academia, and the FDA. It resulted in a detailed pathway for gaining market approval for pediatric-sized heart valves to address the unmet need for these heart valves. The article titled, ‘‘A new paradigm for obtaining marketing approval for pediatric-sized prosthetic heart valves,’’ by Yoganathan and colleagues, presents this pathway to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of specific types of pediatric heart valves. In particular, this pathway is presented for smaller sizes of surgically implanted heart valves that already have premarket approval in the United States, comprising the samematerials andmanufactured by the same processes, and could be reviewed through a premarket approval supplement application. The underlying theme of this pathway is leveraging our existing knowledge about adult-sized heart valves and encouraging a more global approach for future device development. A key component of this pathway is the total product life cycle approach, with which we can leverage the many facets of the review process to bring these devices to market. With this approach, accelerated wear testing, hydrodynamic testing, flow visualization analysis, and kinematic assessment would be conducted for the new valve sizes. If the new valve size represents worst-case loading conditions, new fatigue testing would also be conducted. Because the new sized valve has the same design and is made of the same materials, however, new animal testing and testing for biocompatibility and sterilization would not need to be conducted. Because there is also presumably extensive clinical experience with the valve model, we can
Detection and drug-susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis from sputum samples using luciferase reporter phage: comparison with the Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) system.

Abstract Rapid diagnosis of drug-resistant M.tuberculosis (Mtb) is desirable worldwide. We (i) describe a new luciferase reporter phage (LRP), phAE142 for this purpose; (ii) compare it to the automated MGIT 960 for time-to-detection of Mtb in clinical specimens; and (iii) evaluate its use for species confirmation and antibiotic susceptibility testing(AST) of Mtb. Twenty sputum samples were inoculated for testing by LRP, or by MGIT 960. After "positives" were identified by either method, the LRP was used for confirmation of Mtb complex (TBC) and for AST. The LRP method proved comparably efficient to MGIT 960 at detecting Mtb. Using an antibiotic uniquely inhibiting TBC with LRP provided species assignment, concurrently with AST, in a median of 3 days, with a sensitivity of 97%. Overall agreement in susceptibility results was 96%. Reliable susceptibility results and identification of TBC can be completed in a median of 12 days (range 8 to 16d) with LRP applied to sputum samples.
Neonatal cortical insufficiency (addison's disease) associated with the adrenogenital syndrome

Summary This review of a relatively new syndrome represented by adrenalcortical insufficiency associated with the adrenogenital syndrome is presented with the hope that it will focus attention on the condition and lead to further studies on the pathology, etiology, and treatment.
Eye movement photography during children's discrimination learning

Abstract Two experiments are reported in which 3-per-second photographic records of eye movements were made while nursery school children attempted learning set series of 8 discrimination problems. Children given a series involving interesting and distinctive stimuli performed better, and showed more eye movements, than children given a difficult series. Several findings suggested that eye movements increase as learning becomes optimal, and decrease thereafter. Evidence of sudden learning in these and other data is presented.
A dual stochastic DFP algorithm for optimal resource allocation in wireless systems

A stochastic implementation of the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) quasi-Newton method to minimize dual functions of optimal resource allocation problems in wireless systems is introduced. While the use of dual stochastic gradient descent algorithms is widespread, they suffer from slow convergence rate. Application of second order methods, on the other hand, is impracticable because computation of dual Hessian inverses incurs excessive cost. The proposed method utilizes stochastic gradients in lieu of deterministic gradients for both, the determination of descent directions and the approximation of the dual function's curvature. Since stochastic gradients can be computed at manageable computational cost stochastic DFP is realizable and retains the convergence rate advantages of its deterministic counterparts. Convergence results show that lower and upper bounds on the instantaneous form of the dual Hessian are sufficient to guarantee convergence to a small neighborhood of optimality. Numerical experiments illustrate that for ill conditioned dual functions stochastic DFP outperforms stochastic gradient descent by an order of magnitude.
A Radio Outburst Nearly Coincident with the Large X-Ray Flare from Sagittarius A* on 2002 October 3

A large radio outburst from Sgr A* was observed during the Very Large Array weekly monitoring program at 2 cm, 1.3 cm, and 7 mm, nearly coincident with the brightest X-ray flare detected to date with the XMM-Newton X-ray observatory on 2002 October 3. The flux density of 1.9 ± 0.2 Jy measured at 7 mm exceeds the mean value (1.00 ± 0.01 Jy) by a factor of ~2, one of the two highest increases observed during the past 3 yr (2000 June-2003 October), while less significant increases in flux densities were observed at 1.3 and 2 cm. The radio observation started 13.5 hr after the onset of the X-ray flare (which had occurred over a 45 minute duration) and continued for 1.3 hr. During the observation, there was no significant (<3 σ) change in the radio flux densities at all three wavelengths, indicating that the radio outburst varied on a timescale of greater than 1 hr. A spectral index of α = 2.4 (S ∝ να) was derived for the outburst component, consistent with an optically thick nonthermal synchrotron source. These results suggest that energetic electrons responsible for the radio outburst might be produced via a process associated with the X-ray flare then transported to large radii, producing the observed radio outburst. The observation is the first evidence for a correlated variation in the radio and X-ray emissions from Sgr A*.
Effect of 5-Fluorocytosine and Amphotericin B on Candida albicans Infection in Mice

The effects of administration of 5-fluorocytosine alone or in combination with amphotericin B on the course of fatal Candida albicans infection in mice were studied. The survival rate was 13.7% for mice treated with 5-fluorocytosine and 15.9% for mice treated with amphotericin B. When both agents were given, the rate of survival increased to 79.5%. Counts of C. albicans in the kidneys of infected mice treated with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B were 100- and 10fold less when compared with numbers in the kidneys of mice treated with either agent alone or not treated at all, respectively.
A five‐year evaluation of reports of overdose with indinavir sulfate

PURPOSE: To describe the adverse event profile for indinavir sulfate overdose. METHODS: Analysis of indinavir overdose reports in Merck & Co., Inc.'s safety database through the first 5 years following US licensure of indinavir. Reports were classified as acute (single high dose in excess of 2400 mg), chronic (multiple extra doses, not exceeding 2400 mg per dose), single extra dose (not exceeding 2400 mg) and dose not reported. RESULTS: Seventy-nine reports of indinavir overdose were reviewed (15 acute, 43 chronic, 13 single extra dose and 8 dose not reported). A total of 52/79 (66%) reports were associated with adverse events. For acute overdose reports with adverse events, indinavir doses ranged from 2.8 g to 48 g (median 6 g; mean 13 g); for acute overdose reports without adverse events, indinavir doses ranged from 4 g to 80 g (median 56 g; mean 45 g). Adverse events following acute and chronic exposures were similar; the most commonly reported adverse events included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and nephrolithiasis. Of the 52 patients with adverse events, 39 recovered, 6 had not recovered at the time of reporting and no information regarding outcome was provided in 7 reports. CONCLUSIONS: Overdose with indinavir was associated with adverse events in the majority of reports. These were most commonly gastrointestinal and renal events, and were generally consistent with the known safety profile of indinavir. The majority of patients recovered. Language: en
Incoherently combining logarithmic aspheric lenses for extended depth of field

We describe a method for combining concentric logarithmic aspheric lenses in order to obtain an extended depth of field. Substantial improvement in extending the depth of field is obtained by carefully controlling the optical path difference among the concentric lenses so that their outputs combine incoherently. The system is analyzed through diffraction theory and the point spread function is shown to be highly invariant over a long range of object distances. After testing the image performance on a three-dimensional scene, we found that the incoherently combined logarithmic aspheres can provide a high-quality image over an axial distance corresponding to a defocus of +/- 14(lambda/4). Studies of the images of two-point objects are presented to illustrate the resolution of these lenses.
Uniform polynomial approximation

A new proof is given of Mergelyan’s solution [l] of the problem of uniform polynomial approximation on compact subsets of the complex plane. Functions of the form f(z) + g(z) for polynomials f(z) and g(z) are called harmonic polynomials. The analogue of Mergelyan’s theorems for uniform approximation by harmonic polynomials is proved. The existence of solutions of the Dirichlet problem on compact sets with connected complement is a corollary. Proofs of special cases of the Riemann mapping theorem are also given. Proofs are based on functional annihilator arguments which relate uniform approximation to measure theory via the Riesz representation and Hahn- Banach theorem. Bounded nonnegative measures with compact support enter into the arguments because of a theory of bounded polynomial approximation due to L. de Branges [2]. This makes possible the application of extreme point methods to polynomial approximation. A characterization of extremal measures is an underlying principle in connection with the Stone-Weierstrass theorem [3]. A computation of the bounded closure of the polynomials is due to Samson [4]. Simplifications are given by Conway and Olin [5]. These results are contained in the de Branges theory [2]. Bounded nonnegative measures, with compact support, on Bore1 subsets of the complex plane are considered in the weak topology induced by the continuous functions. Two such measures p and v are said to be equivalent, denoted p N V, if the identity holds for every harmonic polynomial h(z). If TV is a bounded nonnegative measure with compact support, the weak closure of the set of bounded nonnegative measures which are absolutely continuous with respect to p and equivalent to CL, denoted J?(p), is a weakly compact convex set. By the Krein-Milman theorem, the set J%‘(P) is the closed convex span of its extreme points. A summary of the arguments given in [3] and [6] leads to a density characterization of extreme points. 81
MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING SLIDE-TAPE LESSONS IN TEACHING BASIC ALGEBRA TO MATHEMATICALLY DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of slide-tape units in supporting other modes of instruction, as measured by achievement on topics in basic algebra. It was conjectured that visuals in the form of slides accompanied by synchronized narration would more nearly meet the needs of students with poor backgrounds in both reading and mathematics, as opposed to the more traditional lecture-recitation mode of instruction. Background The open, or special admission, policy of many colleges and universities is attracting large numbers of students with wide ranges of abilities and inabilities-students who have either forgotten most of what they have learned or who learned very little originally. Typical student characteristics include predominantly negative attitudes, deficiencies in other basic skills such as reading and writing, a tendency to give up quickly following a failure, and a low level of self-confidence (Williams, 1974). Many of these students cannot successfully complete a typical precalculus algebra-trigonometry course without additional preparation in mathematics. Thus, a problem exists in providing appropriate alternatives toward meeting the mathematical needs of these students. An audiovisual laboratory using slides with synchronized narration was chosen as an additional mode of instruction at Northern Illinois University to support the standard lecture-recitation system. This choice was made to achieve the following objectives: to assist those students with poor reading skills; to present stimulating images with details and subtleties difficult to duplicate in other modes of instruction; to offer instruction geared to an individual's personal learning pace; and to offer instruction that combats the attitudinal and other characteristic problems of students needing basic mathematics.
Practices and Attitudes about Genetic and Other Risk Communication Services among Newborn Screening Programs

Practices and Attitudes about Genetic and Other Risk Communication Services among Newborn Screening Programs
Flavonoids of the citrus cultivar calamondin and synthetic 2′β-dihydroxychalcones

Abstract Eight methoxyflavones were isolated and identified from the peel of calamondin. Citromitin and 5-O-desmethylcitromitin are actually nobiletin and 5-O-desmethylnobiletin, respectively. 5,6,7,8,3′,4′-Hexamethoxyflavanone and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavanone are not constituents of calamondin, although previously reported.
Lipophilic phosphoramidates as antiviral pronucleotides.

In order to overcome restrictions imposed by activation (phosphorylation) mechanism of antiviral and antitumor nucleoside analogues several prodrug approaches have been designed. Lipophilic pronucleotides are capable of intracellular delivery of monophosphates of nucleoside analogues, thus circumventing the limitations of enzymic phosphorylation. One of the successful approaches employs lipophilic amino acid ester (alanine) phenyl phosphoramidates as pronucleotides. This approach was applied to AIDS drugs such as AZT, d4T and related analogues but also to nonclassical nucleoside analogues based on allenic and methylenecyclopropane structure. Antiviral effects of the parent analogues were in many cases increased by conversion to phenyl phosphoralaninate (PPA) pronucleotides. Although cytotoxicity increase frequently accompanies antiviral effects of these pronucleotides, a favorable selectivity index can be obtained by manipulation of the parent structure as shown, e.g., for 2,6-diaminopurine methylenecyclopropane pronucleotide 15c. A lack of in vivo toxicity was demonstrated for 2-amino-6-methoxypurine methylenecyclopropane pronucleotide 15e in mice. The PPA pronucleotides can overcome deficiency of phosphorylating enzymes and offer favorable cross-resistance patterns when compared with other antiviral drugs.
Bicircular projections on some Banach spaces

In this paper we show that the bicircular projections are precisely the Hermitian projections and prove some immediate consequences of this result.
Analysis of hairpin ribozyme base mutations in loops 2 and 4 and their effects on cis-cleavage in vitro.

In order to determine base requirements in loops 2 and 4 of the hairpin ribozyme, a comprehensive mutational analysis of the wild type sequence was done. Each base position in these two loops was mutated to contain each of the three non-wild type bases, and the effects of these mutations were analyzed using cis-cleavage assays. The method of data analysis allowed for the determination of self−cleavage rates as well as the fraction of transcripts produced which were uncleavable. Three positions in loop 2 (A22, A23, and C25) and one position in loop 4 (A38) resulted in no detectable self-cleavage when mutated to any of the non-wild type bases. The remainder of the base positions showed varying degrees of tolerance to base mutations with respect to their support of cis-cleavage. Evidence was obtained for the presence of a non-Watson−Crick base pair between A26 and G36 in the catalytic conformation of the hairpin ribozyme. On the basis of these results, a two-dimensional model for the hairpin ribozyme is pres...
A model for the binding of E. coli single-strand binding protein to supercoiled DNA

A model is proposed for the binding of E. coli single strand binding protein (SSB) to supercoiled DNA. The basic tetrameric binding units of SSB are assumed to bind in pairs to the complementary single strands of a locally melted region. The cooperativity of the binding includes contributions from both protein-protein and base-pair stacking interactions. Each bound SSB tetramer is assumed to unwind l = 34 bp, which implies an unwinding angle of 3.27 turns. The resulting loss of superhelical strain is the essential driving force for binding SSB to supercoiled DNAs. All molecular parameters entering into the theory are estimated from available data, except for the composite binding constant (Ka), which is adjusted to best-fit the theory to the fluorescence quenching (FQ) and diffusion coefficient (D0) data of Langowski et al. Very good fits are obtained with optimum values of Ka that are consistent with estimates from other data. This binding model predicts several noteworthy features. (1) SSB binds essentially always in a single contiguous stack on a supercoiled plasmid, and relative fluctuations in stack length are quite small, in agreement with results of electron microscopy studies. (2) The progressive loss of superhelical strain with increasing bound ligand decreases the affinity of the DNA for SSB. This anti-cooperativity offsets the cooperativity of the binding and causes apparent saturation of the binding at rather low binding ratios. Consequently, over the limited span of the measurements, the FQ data can also be satisfactorily fitted by a non-cooperative model comprising a small number of independent sites. (3) When SSB binds to a population of different topoisomers, the distribution of linking differences of the resulting complexes is extremely narrow. Thus, SSB acts to level any differences in superhelical strain in a population of topoisomers. Finally, the effects of restricting binding to a region comprising only part of the plasmid are assessed.
Investigating Islet Immunoisolation Parameters Using Microfabricated Membranes

The immunoisolation of xenogeneic hormone-secreting cells is a promising therapy for a wide variety of diseases including diabetes, Parkinson’s, and hemophilia. By utilizing microfabrication technology, silicon biocapsules can be fabricated with membranes having precisely controlled and uniform pore sizes, allowing one to optimize parameters specifically for the encapsulation of specific hormone-secreting cell types. This study investigates immunoisolation parameters using microfabricated silicon-based membranes, with uniform membrane pore sizes in the tens of nanometer range. The permeability of IgG was studied in microfabricated biocapsules with various pore sized membranes. In addition, immunoisolative characteristics were monitored by assessing viability and functionality of islets within biocapsules.
Endothelin and Phenylephrine Both Trigger Nuclear IP3 Elevation, but Differ in Ability to Activate Nuclear HDAC5 Export

We previously found that both ET-1 and phenylephrine (PE) induced similar HDAC5 phosphorylation and nuclear export in adult cardiac myocytes (which contributes to hypertrophic signaling). However, ET-1 requires IP3 receptor (IP3R) activation (at the nucleus) and CaM-CaMKII activation to mediate this full effect, while PE does not. That is, IP3R inhibition or CaMKII block do not prevent PE-induced HDAC5 nuclear export, despite the fact that both agonists can activate IP3 production. Here we test whether the apparent IP3-independence of PE signaling is due to a failure of IP3 elevation in the nucleus (i.e. IP3 produced at the plasma membrane may be degraded before reaching the nucleus). Using a nuclear targeted FRET-based IP3 sensor (Fire-1-Nuc) we assessed changes in nuclear [IP3] upon ET-1 and PE application in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. Both ET-1 and PE induce rapid and robust elevation of nuclear [IP3] reaching an early peak in <1 min. While the ET-1-induced a slightly larger peak nuclear [IP3], the PE-induced rise is more sustained (lasting more than 10 min). These results demonstrate that a PE induces a strong rise in nuclear [IP3], and does not support the hypothesis that PE fails to induce a nuclear IP3 signal (compared to ET-1). We cannot rule out the possibility that the kinetic differences in nuclear [IP3] between these agonists contribute to different downstream signaling. Another explanation is that PE-induced nuclear IP3 is less effective than ET-1-induced IP3 in driving activation of nuclear CaM and CaMKII to phosphorylate HDAC5. That is, an IP3-independent effect of one of these agonists could prevent or promote the ability of IP3 to signal in the nucleus.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α regulates secretion of the adipocyte‐derived cytokine, leptin

The seminal observation that secretion of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin was induced by inflammatory challenge has been expanded upon to demonstrate the importance of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in inflammatory hyperleptinemia. Initially, it was thought that cytokine-induced hyperleptinemia might somehow be involved in the anorexia and cachexia that often accompany chronic infectious, neoplastic, and autoimmune disease. While the role of leptin in disease-associated anorexia and cachexia appears tenuous in light of recent findings, there is evidence that the hyperleptinemia induced by cytokines is an integral part of the acute phase response and necessary for comprehensive immunocompetence. This hints at the existence of an integrated communication network, wherein the energy status of the animal impacts its ability to fight pathogens.
Lepton flavor violation and supersymmetric Dirac leptogenesis

Dirac leptogenesis (or Dirac neutrinogenesis), in which neutrinos are purely Dirac particles, is an interesting alternative to the standard leptogenesis scenario. In its supersymmetric version, the modified form of the superpotential required for successful baryogenesis contributes new, generically nonflavor-diagonal terms to the slepton and sneutrino mass matrices. In this work, we examine how current experimental bounds on flavor-changing effects in the lepton sector (and particularly the bound on {mu}{yields}e{gamma}) constrain Dirac leptogenesis and we find that it is capable of succeeding with superpartner masses as low as {approx}100 GeV. For such light scalars and electroweakinos, upcoming experiments such as MEG are generically expected to observe signals of lepton flavor violation.
Buffers for the Physiological pH Range: Studies of 4-(N-Morpholino)butanesulfonic Acid (MOBS) from 5 to 55 °C

In this study, we report the pH values of two buffer solutions without chloride ion and eight buffer solutions with NaCl with an ionic strength I=0.16 mol⋅kg−1. Electromotive force (emf) techniques have been used to get the cell potentials at 12 temperatures from 5 to 55 °C, including 37 °C. An extended form of the Bates-Guggenheim convention is used in the entire ionic strength range, 0.04 to 0.16 mol⋅kg−1. The residual liquid junction potentials (δEj) of the buffer solutions of MOBS have been estimated from previous measurements with a flowing junction cell. These values of δEj have been used for correction in order to ascertain the operational pH values of four buffer solutions of MOBS at 25 and 37 °C. These solutions are recommended as pH standards for physiological application in the pH range 7.4 to 7.7.
More on the Origins of the Hues: A Reply to Broackes

This paper responds to Justin Broackes’ reply to my paper, “On the retinal origins of the Hering primaries.” This paper aims to clarify and further develop the ideas presented in that article. I take up several of the points Broackes raises regarding the connection between my work and that of William Thornton (Journal of the Optical Society of America 61:1155–1163, 1971) and (Color Research and Application 24:139–156, 1999) on the “prime” and “anti-prime” colors of the human visual system, the connection between those prime and anti-prime colors and hue category boundaries, and my attempt to link facts about low-level processing to the unique hues. Ultimately, while Broackes brings up several interesting issues and usefully illustrates the limits of my approach, I see no reason to retreat from the main claims I made about human spectral sensitivity and the hues.
Pharmacomechanical Thrombolysis of Experimental Pulmonary Emboli: Rapid Low-Dose Intraembolic Therapy

We utilized low-dose intraembolic urokinase (UK) infusions in a canine model of experimental pulmonary embolism (PE) and compared the arteriographic extent of thrombolysis with three other treatment regimens. Group 1 animals (n=16) received the intraembolic UK infused directly into the PE offering the mechanical effect of the infusion combined with pharmacologic thrombolysis. In the group 2 animals (n=5), UK was delivered via a guide catheter placed proximal to the clot. Group 3 animals (n=6) were treated with a direct intraembolic saline solution infusion. Group 4 (n=7) received only intravenous heparin. The arteriographic extent of thrombolysis was graded 1+ to 3+. The extent of thrombolysis was 2.88+ in the group 1 animals and was significantly greater than in groups 2, 3, or 4 (p=0.003, 0.0005, and 0.0001, respectively). Fibrinogen levels did not significantly decrease with intraembolic treatment (p=0.07). Delivery of UK directly into emboli in an experimental canine PE model appears to elicit a combined mechanical and pharmacologic effect resulting in extensive thrombolysis.
Efficient Combinatorial Optimization under Uncertainty. 2. Application to Stochastic Solvent Selection

Solvent selection is an important step in process synthesis, design, or process modification. The computer-aided molecular design (CAMD) approach, based on the reverse use of group contribution methods, provides a promising tool for solvent selection. However, uncertainties inherent in these techniques and associated models are often neglected. This paper, part 2 of the series, presents a new approach to solvent selection under uncertainty using the Hammersley stochastic annealing (HSTA) algorithm. A real world case study of acetic acid extraction from water, based on two stochastic CAMD models, namely, the infinite dilution activity coefficient model and the solubility parameter model, is presented. This example illustrates the importance of uncertainty in CAMD and demonstrates the usefulness of this HSTA approach to obtain robust decisions.
Numerical Analysis of Composites Embedded With Magnetostrictive Material for Sensing Capability

In this paper, numerical models are constructed to analyze the magneto-mechanical interaction in a laminate embedded with terfenol-D (TD) for sensing purposes. The first model is a linear 3D model constructed in multi-physics finite element software and examines mechanical and magnetic sensing parameters of a sensing layer embedded in a composite laminate with a delamination along the sensing layer. The structural plies in the model are defined with the anisotropic properties of T300/ carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plies. The results of the first model show that there is a local change in stress and strain in the region of the delamination. However, by assuming the magnetic permeability is constant in the constitutive sensing equation, the sensing parameter (magnetic flux density) does not change as a function of stress but only magnetic field intensity. The second model is a 2D boundary element model constructed in FADD2D that analyzes the stress intensity factors generated by a crack in a beam of similar geometry and loading configuration. It is loaded mechanically through two endpoints on a beam and the crack is offset from the center of the beam. The results of the second model show no significant stress increase in the crack region due to the Poisson’s effect creating crack closure on the crack. These models are used to analyze the mechanical and magnetic mechanisms that allow Terfenol-D to be used as an embedded sensor in composites.© 2011 ASME
Effect of Metal Ion and Water Coordination on the Structure of a Gas-Phase Amino Acid

The mode of metal ion and water binding to the amino acid valine is investigated using both theory and experiment. Computations indicate that without water, the structure of valine is nonzwitterionic. Both Li+ and Na+ are coordinated to the nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen (NO coordination), whereas K+ coordinates to both oxygens (OO coordination) of nonzwitterionic valine. The addition of a single water molecule does not significantly affect the relative energies calculated for the cationized valine clusters. Experimentally, the rates of water evaporation from clusters of Val·M+(H2O)1, M = Li, Na, and K, are measured using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. The dissociation rate from the valine complex is compared to water evaporation rates from model complexes of known structure. These results indicate that the metal ion in the lithiated and the sodiated clusters is NO-coordinated to nonzwitterionic valine, while that in the potassiated cluster has OO coordination, in full agreement with theory. The...
Computational Predictions of Tissue-Specific Consequences of Long QT Mutations: Role of the Purkinje Fiber

The long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a heritable cardiac disorder that leads to prolongation of ventricular repolarization, episodes of ventricular arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Mounting evidence has implicated the Purkinje fiber (PF) conduction system in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias. This study assesses for tissue-specific consequences of the biophysical alterations induced by LQTS-related mutations, using computational models of ventricular and PF cells. Mutations causing LQT1 and LQT2 (in KCNQ1 and HERG, respectively) are first simulated by reducing density of the respective components of the delayed rectifier current. These mutations prolong action potential duration (APD) in ventricular myocytes more than in their PF counterparts, due to differences in the conductance and activation of plateau potassium currents between the two cell types. Next, the canonical LQT3 mutation delKPQ (in the cardiac NaV 1.5 sodium channel, encoded by SCN5A) is modeled in both tissue types (as described previously, by increasing entry into a bursting mode of channel gating, producing substantial late non-inactivating inward current). Marked APD prolongation is confirmed in both tissue types, exacerbated by slow stimulation rates or pauses in pacing. Simulation of another SCN5A mutation, F1473C, which clinically produces severe QT prolongation and heavy arrhythmia burden, is shown to have a markedly larger effect on PF cells than ventricular myocytes (including a propensity for repetitive early afterdepolarizations), owing to a depolarizing shift in the mutant channel availability and lower plateau potential in PF. Finally, the interactions between PF and ventricular cells at the tissue level are investigated in the context of these mutations in a cable model representing a section of ventricular wall. In conclusion, the biophysical alterations induced by LQT mutations may have significant tissue-specific consequences, with important implications for arrhythmia and its therapy.
Voltage-gated potassium channel autoimmunity mimicking creutzfeldt-jakob disease.

Background Rapidly progressive dementia has a variety of causes, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) and neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) autoantibody–associated encephalopathy. Objective To describe patients thought initially to have CJD but found subsequently to have immunotherapy-responsive VGKC autoimmunity. Design Observational, prospective case series. Setting Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, and the Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco. Patients A clinical serologic cohort of 15 patients referred for paraneoplastic autoantibody evaluation. Seven patients were evaluated clinically by at least one of us. Clinical information for the remaining patients was obtained by physician interview or medical record review. Main Outcome Measures Clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, electroencephalographic patterns, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, and responses to immunomodulatory therapy. Results All the patients presented subacutely with neurologic manifestations, including rapidly progressive dementia, myoclonus, extrapyramidal dysfunction, visual hallucinations, psychiatric disturbance, and seizures; most (60%) satisfied World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for CJD. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities included cerebral cortical diffusion-weighted imaging hyperintensities. Electroencephalographic abnormalities included diffuse slowing, frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity, and focal epileptogenic activity but not periodic sharp wave complexes. Cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein or neuron-specific enolase levels were elevated in 5 of 8 patients. Hyponatremia was common (60%). Neoplasia was confirmed histologically in 5 patients (33%) and was suspected in another 5. Most patients' conditions (92%) improved after immunomodulatory therapy. Conclusions Clinical, radiologic, electrophysiologic, and laboratory findings in VGKC autoantibody–associated encephalopathy may be confused with those of CJD. Serologic evaluation for markers of neurologic autoimmunity, including VGKC autoantibodies, may be warranted in suspected CJD cases.
INDICATIONS, TECHNIQUE, AND RESULTS OF TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Unconstrained total shoulder arthroplasty is a highly effective and successful operation in the patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Reliable pain relief can be obtained, often with an improvement in range-of-motion and function of the entire extremity. Rheumatoid patients may present with difficult soft-tissue and bony deficiencies, but careful planning and intraoperative procedures help to maximize the outcome and minimize the possible complications.
Antiholomorphic Involutions on Stein Manifolds

We demonstrate the uniqueness of an antiholomorphic involution on a certain class of Stein manifolds. Examples are given to show why this uniqueness no longer holds without some topological assumptions.
Minimum number of below average triangles in a weighted complete graph

Let G be an edge weighted graph with n nodes, and let A(3,G) be the average weight of a triangle in G. We show that the number of triangles with weight at most equal to A(3,G) is at least (n-2) and that this bound is sharp for all n>=7. Extensions of this result to cliques of cardinality k>3 are also discussed.
A new digital correlation flaw detection system

A new portable digital random signal flaw detection system is described which uses a digital delay line to replace the acoustic delay line of the original random signal system. Using this new system, a comparison was made between the two types of transmit signals which have been used in previous systems—m-sequences and random signals. This comparison has not been possible with these previous correlation flaw detection systems. Results indicated that for high-speed short code operation, the m-sequences produced slightly lower range sidelobes than typical samples of a clipped random signal. For normal long code operation, results indicated that system performance is essentially equivalent in resolution and signal-to-noise ratio using either m-sequences or clipped and sampled random signals. Further results also showed that for normal long code operation, the system produces outputs equivalent in resolution to pulse-echo systems, but with the added benefit of signal-to-noise ratio enhancement.
The Relationship Between Wait Time After Triage and Show Rate for Intake in a Nonurgent Student Population

Ideally, students requesting services should be seen quickly at their university counseling center to increase the likelihood of a successful treatment outcome. However, in these times of ever-increasing demand for university counseling services and the challenges of securing resources to keep up with that demand, the reality of prompt appointments can be far different during most of the academic year. This study looked at the relationship between wait time after triage and show rate for intake at a large counseling center that uses a triage walk-in-clinic format for students accessing services. Although triage allows for an appropriate rapid response to the most at-risk students, we were concerned about attrition among “average” students seeking counseling, assessed as nonurgent at triage, during the wait for their intake. The current study found a statistically significant positive relationship for this nonurgent population between length of wait time after triage and no-show rate for the scheduled inta...
Characteristics of African-Americans with multiple risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS

Multiple risk factors in young African-Americans have tremendous implications for the spread of AIDS. Two hundred forty-two heterosexual college students were classified as having low, moderate, or high risk for HIV infection based upon their self-reported sexual practices. Results indicated that subjects differed in AIDS knowledge and attitudes toward condoms with respect to both Gender and Risk level, with men and High Risk individuals being less knowledgeable and having more negative attitudes than their female and Low Risk counterparts respectively. Interaction effects revealed that High Risk men were less knowledgeable than both Low Risk men and High Risk women. High Risk men as well as High and Low Risk women reported more anger surrounding condom usage than Low Risk men. Low perceptions of vulnerability for AIDS were reflected in the entire sample. The implications of this study for primary prevention and future research are discussed.
Antipsychotic polypharmacy in a general hospital inpatient psychiatric unit

Abstract Introduction The association of antipsychotics is common in clinical practice despite the lack of scientific evidence to support this practice. There are few data on these patterns of use in hospitals in Spain. However, such data are required for the development of indicators of quality of care. Aims To collect information on prescription of antipsychotics in a psychiatric inpatient unit. Methods We performed a retrospective observational study of inpatients under treatment with antipsychotic drugs in 2006. Results We reviewed 136 patients with a mean age of 38 years and a mean length of stay of 22 days. Antipsychotics were used primarily in schizophrenic disorder (44.9%). At admission, atypical antipsychotics (second or third generation) were the most frequently used drugs in monotherapy (41.2%), a combination of two or more antipsychotics was used in 43% of the patients and the use of additional medication (not antipsychotics) was very high (84.6%). At discharge, the results were similar, but a notable finding was the increase in the combination of an atypical antipsychotic with extended-release drugs (from 2% to 11%). Conclusions The use of atypical antipsychotics as the first therapeutic option is becoming established, confirming the phenomenon of polypharmacy in the treatment of psychoses. The study design did not allow directional relations to be established but some trends, such as the possibility that polypharmacy is more common in patients with schizophrenia and is associated with the use of depot antipsychotics, were confirmed.
A Diastereoselective Formal Synthesis of Berkelic Acid

A formal synthesis of berkelic acid is reported. The strategy employs the combination of a chiral exocyclic enol ether and an achiral isochromanone to afford the chroman spiroketal core via a base-triggered generation and cycloaddition of an o-quinone methide intermediate. Other key steps include equilibration of the spiroketal, intramolecular benzylic oxidation, and lactone addition/hemiketal reduction; all occur with good diastereoselectivity.