cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceptions and Evaluation of the Role of the Corporate Marketing Research Department

This survey of marketing research directors, their superiors and clients in 77 large corporations reveals relatively great consensus on the role of marketing research. Specific areas of disagreemen...
Is Cancer Protective for Subsequent Alzheimer’s Disease Risk? Evidence From the Utah Population Database

Objective Several studies have suggested that cancer is associated with a reduced risk of the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study seeks to improve our understanding of the association between cancer and the development of AD by showing how mortality selection alters this relationship. Method A retrospective cohort study was carried out examining 92,425 individuals (47,873 women and 44,552 men) from the Utah Population Database with and without a history of any primary cancer identified by the Utah Cancer Registry. All individuals were aged 65-79 years and free of dementia in 1992 and followed for upwards of 18 years (1992-2009) for AD ascertainment, which was identified using diagnostic information from Medicare claims data. Results We replicate previous results suggesting that cancer is associated with reduced risk of subsequent AD under specific statistical model specifications. However, these results should not be interpreted as evidence of an etiological association. We conclude that higher rates of overall mortality among individuals with cancer relative to those without cancer induce the widely reported putative protective association with cancer. Conclusion Careful consideration of model specification and the profound effects of mortality selection in the older adult population is essential when investigating the relationship between aging-related diseases such as cancer and AD. We show that cancer does not provide protection from AD as previously described in the literature. Social scientists seeking to understand social disparities in disease outcomes among older adults may therefore want to strongly consider the role of mortality selection which, if uncorrected, may generate biased associations.
Factors Associated With the Performance of Extended Colonic Resection vs. Segmental Resection in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study.

Factors Associated With the Performance of Extended Colonic Resection vs. Segmental Resection in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Redox Cycling in Nanopore-Confined Recessed Dual-Ring Electrode Arrays

A redox cycling geometry based on an array of nanopore-confined recessed dual-ring electrodes (RDREs) has been devised to amplify electrochemical signals and enhance the sensitivity of electroanalytical measurements. The RDRE arrays were fabricated using layer-by-layer deposition followed by focused ion beam milling. A characteristic feature of the nanoscale dual-ring geometry is that electrochemical reactions occurring at the bottom-ring electrode can be tuned by modulating the potential at the top-ring electrode. Thus, the resulting device was operated in generator–collector mode by holding the top-ring electrodes at a constant potential and performing cyclic voltammetry by sweeping the bottom-ring potential in aqueous Fe(CN)63–/4–. The enhanced (∼23×) limiting current, achieved by cycling the redox couple between top- and bottom-ring electrodes with high collection efficiency, was compared with that obtained in the absence of self-induced redox cycling (SIRC). Measured shifts in Fe(CN)63–/4– concentrat...
Diabetes, Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in the Jackson Heart Study

Background and objectives Blacks have high rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Diabetes and CKD, risk factors for cardiovascular mortality in the general population, are common among blacks. We sought to assess their contribution to cardiovascular disease and mortality in blacks. Design, setting, participants, & measurements This observational cohort study was of 3211 participants in the Jackson Heart Study (enrolled 2000–2004). Rates of incident stroke, incident coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular mortality were quantified in participants with diabetes, CKD (eGFR 2 , urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g, or both), or both through 2012, with a median follow-up of 6.99 years. Results Four hundred fifty-six (14.2%) participants had only diabetes, 257 (8.0%) had only CKD, 201 (6.3%) had both, and 2297 (71.5%) had neither. Diabetes without CKD was associated with excess risks of incident stroke, incident coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular mortality after adjustment for demographic and clinical covariates, including prevalent cardiovascular disease (excess incidence rates, 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 4.7; 2.6; 95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 4.8; and 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 4.3 per 1000 person-years, respectively). CKD without diabetes was associated with comparable nonsignificant excess risks for incident stroke and coronary heart disease (2.5; 95% confidence interval, −0.1 to 5.2 and 2.4; 95% confidence interval, −0.8 to 5.5 per 1000 person-years, respectively) but a larger excess risk for cardiovascular mortality (7.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.0 to 11.5 per 1000 person-years). Diabetes and CKD together were associated with greater excess risks for incident stroke (13.8; 95% confidence interval, 5.3 to 22.3 per 1000 person-years), coronary heart disease (12.8; 95% confidence interval, 4.9 to 20.8 per 1000 person-years), and cardiovascular mortality (14.8; 95% confidence interval, 7.2 to 22.3 per 1000 person-years). The excess risks associated with the combination of diabetes and CKD were larger than those associated with established risk factors, including prevalent cardiovascular disease. Conclusions The combination of diabetes and kidney disease is associated with substantial excess risks of cardiovascular events and mortality among blacks.
Prevention and repair of strictures of the extrahepatic bile ducts.

These strictures may be described as benign, but only in the sense that they do not result from the presence of malignant tumor. They are associated with high morbidity, the possible necessity of repeated operations of increasing complexity, and an appreciable mortality. The great majority of extrahepatic strictures are secondary to surgical procedures and are preventable in many instances.
Low Temperature Properties Of Fuel Mixtures Of Kerosene And Fame Type Used To Supply Turbine Engines In Marine And Other Non-Aeronautical Applications

A worldwide trend to popularise gradually increasing use of biofuels in various applications was a motivation for gaining interest in FAME as a commonly available biocomponent to fuels combusted in turbine engines. These engines are mainly used in aeronautics, but many of them are also used in other, non-aeronautical areas, including marine navigation. Specific conditions in which fuels are combusted in turbine engines used in these applications are the reason why fuel mixtures of kerosene and FAME type should reveal relevant low temperature characteristics. The article presents results of tests of low temperature properties of mixtures of the jet fuel Jet A-1 and methyl esters of higher fatty acids (FAME). The prepared mixtures contained different contents of FAME. The obtained results present changes of: viscosity, cloud point, pour point, crystallising point, and cold filter plugging point, depending on the percentage by volume of FAME. They also prove that the course of changes of low temperature properties of these mixtures is affected by chemical structure of the biocomponent.
Electronic and Optical Properties of a Semiconducting Spinel (Fe 2 CrO 4 )

Epitaxial chromium ferrite (Fe2CrO4), prepared by state-of-the-art oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, is shown to exhibit unusual electronic transport properties driven by the crystallographic structure and composition of the material. Replacing 1/3 of the Fe cations with Cr converts the host ferrimagnet from a metal into a semiconductor by virtue of its fixed valence (3+); Cr substitutes for Fe at B sites in the spinel lattice. By contrast, replacing 2/3 of the Fe cations with Cr results in an insulator. Three candidate conductive paths, all involving electron hopping between Fe2+ and Fe3+, are identified in Fe2CrO4. Moreover, Fe2CrO4 is shown to be photoconductive across the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. As a result, this material is of potential interest for important photo-electrochemical processes such as water splitting.
¿EL ESTADO VERSUS LA FAMILIA? DOS ACTORES EN LA CONSTITUCIÓN DE LAS POLÍTICAS SOCIALES EN CHILE, 1900-1950

This article analyzes the links between the family and the state in the constitution of social policies in Chile in the first half of the twentieth century. A critical reading of historical studies on social policies in Chile, not clearly establish the complex relations between actors or simplify his interactions. For this purpose some milestones that marked the route of such policy, the ideological assumptions present in the debates and unclear limits of the capacities of the State and the Families.
An Efficient Primal-Dual Method for the Obstacle Problem

We solve the non-linearized and linearized obstacle problems efficiently using a primal-dual hybrid gradients method involving projection and/or $$L^1$$ penalty. Since this method requires no matrix inversions or explicit identification of the contact set, we find that this method, on a variety of test problems, achieves the precision of previous methods with a speed up of 1–2 orders of magnitude. The derivation of this method is disciplined, relying on a saddle point formulation of the convex problem, and can be adapted to a wide range of other constrained convex optimization problems.
Disease Dialogues: How Medical Language Impacted the Lavender Scare

Disease is a fickle thing, often it silently slips from person to person, casually stalking just below the radar and calculating the next victim. Before long an epidemic is on hand and containment becomes the primary focus. A silent, paralyzing fear of illness is an arguable hallmark of the Cold War period. In this era, dialogues on disease and infection permeate every facet, from social developments, to cultural artifacts, to medical research, and most notably to politics. In this era, the prevalence of medical vernacular and disease dialogues became ever present in political discourse, as leaders from Roosevelt to Eisenhower discussed the threat of "ailments" that could cripple the United States. But in the 1950s, a new threat so great, yet so undetectable, threatened to infect the healthy body politic. Political discourse filled with dread over the development of Communist States and the threat to the United States' vitality. As the dialogue developed, an association between communism and disease formed in the early stages in of the Cold War. This view held that the American capitalist system was a healthy body being threatened by the "communist disease." The United States was understood to be under attack by the nefarious disease of communism. Keeping within a medical framework, the immune system of the United States needed to be secured, through identification of threats, shoring up protection, and keeping vital functions safe. Therefore, the alignment of medical and political dialogue in the early part of the century arguably laid the framework for the Lavender Scare, which acted as a treatment to protect the United States against the new threat of communism. Disease Dialogues: How Medical Language Impacted the Lavender Scare by David James Ward Jr. is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
States Working to Fill Privacy Gaps

The interaction between state and federal laws can be a delicate thing. Under our system, some areas of the law are exclusively assigned to the federal government, patent and copyright being two examples. Many others are split between federal and state responsibility, such as environmental law and revenue generation (taxes). In yet other areas, the federal government has responsibility for some aspects, and the states for others. Bankruptcies, for example, are pursued in the federal courts, but state laws often govern issues like debt exemptions and seizure of assets. There are also areas of the law where both federal and state governments participate and the interaction between the two is often complex and confusing. Privacy is one such area. There are a number of federal laws governing privacy, including laws governing the collection and use of information maintained by the federal government, laws governing the use of certain specific kinds of information, such as video rental records, and laws intended to regulate actions on a nationwide basis, such as anti-hacking laws including the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and the Electronic Communications Act.
The role of neighborhood economic context on physical activity among children: Evidence from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing (GROW) study

Less than half of young children in the U.S. meet physical activity recommendations. While neighborhood economic context has been shown to be associated with physical activity, it is unknown whether this association varies according to family economic context. This study thus investigates whether neighborhood economic context, measured by poverty concentration and income inequality, are associated with physical activity among poor and non-poor children using data from the Geographic Research on Wellbeing study, California, 2012-2013 (N=2670). Poor children who resided in (a) poor and equal neighborhoods or (b) non-poor and equal neighborhoods were more likely to engage in sufficient physical activity than were children residing in non-poor and unequal neighborhoods. Poor children in (a) non-poor and equal neighborhoods, (b) poor and equal neighborhoods, or (c) poor and unequal neighborhoods were less likely to report insufficient physical activity than those in non-poor and unequal neighborhoods. Neighborhood economic context was not associated with physical activity among non-poor children. Findings suggest that neighborhood economic context presents a social barrier to physical activity among poor children. Increasing physical activity among poor children in non-poor and unequal neighborhoods should be a high policy priority. Perceived social cohesion, perceived neighborhood safety, and park and walkability indicators did not mediate the associations between neighborhood economic context and physical activity. Further research needs to explore the mechanisms by which neighborhood economic context affects physical activity among children.
The effect of health insurance coverage and the doctor-patient relationship on health care utilization in high poverty neighborhoods

African Americans have higher rates of mortality than whites who are the same age and sex. We hypothesize that in low socioeconomic status neighborhoods, having health insurance coverage and a regular health care provider increases the likelihood of receiving diagnostic tests for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We use data from a random two-stage cluster sample of 230 adults living in high poverty census tracts to examine the effects of insurance coverage and having a regular doctor on the likelihood receiving diagnostic tests for high cholesterol, high blood sugar, and blood pressure. We find that health insurance coverage increases the odds of having a regular health care provider (p < 0.05) and of receiving the diagnostic tests (p < 0.05). Having a regular doctor mediates the effect of insurance coverage on the likelihood of receiving the tests, especially when the participant can report the physician's name.
Profiles of Mitochondrial Monovalent Ion Transport

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some of the literature on the active transport of cations into mitochondria and the developments of the last decade dealing with induction of ion transport by antibiotics and other agents and their relationship to energy metabolism. The ability to deposit a cation on one side of a mitochondrial membrane could be related to the following: (1) the ability of the cationophile to complex cations, the philicity being dependent upon the chemical properties of both the cation and the cationophile; (2) the affinity of the cationophile for the mitochondrial membrane with or without the cation; (3) the ability of the cationophile to undergo the appropriate conformational change within the membrane so as to release the cation to either a new binding site or to an intra-mitochondrial (aqueous) phase; and (4) the ability of the mitochondria to hold on to the cation, that is, the availability for retention of the cation
Nanofluid effects on peristaltic transport of a fourth grade fluid in the occurrence of inclined magnetic field

This paper deals with the e ect of nanofluid and inclined magnetic field on peristaltic transport of a fourth grade uid model. Mathematical modelling of two dimensional fourth grade uid along with nanofluid model are given for channel. Assumptions of long wave length are employed to simplify the governing equations of momentum, temperature, and nano particle volume fraction. The exact solutions of temperature and nano particle volume fraction are calculated. Analytical solution is carried out to calculate the solution of stream function. Pressure rise and pressure gradient on the channel walls have been computed numerically. The graphical results are discussed to see the e ects of various emerging parameters on di erent wave forms.
Eroded resilience, Informal settlements predictable urban growth implications for self-governance in the context of urban violence in Medellin, Colombia.

Scholars have vastly explored incremental growth of informal settlements as one of their defining features. Most of this work has focused on the family unit scale, concentrating on housing asset growth as related to the family historical narrative, legal status, social image, and financing. However, little has been explored about how this relates to the neighborhood scale and, more importantly, how the type of density growth impacts urban form, governance structures, and community social ties, which are essential elements for the development of resilient communities. Using semistructured interviews and historical mappings of informal settlements in Medellin, Colombia from the past four decades, this research maps the relationship between the urban growth of informal settlements and their impact on social networks. This research presents urban informality growth as following predictable patterns. It demonstrates that the exponential density growth found in these settlements, as they moved through the distinct phases of the predictive model, played a significant role in the fragmentation of social ties and co-optation by non-state Armed Actors, what I call eroded resilience. This finding raises important questions about the role of exponential density growth in connection with existing governance structures, not only in the context of urban informality but also in the context of global population growth.
Development of a robust sliding mode observer for the rotor time constant inverse of the induction motor

The paper presents a method to estimate the inverse of the rotor time constant of the induction motor. Estimation is done using a sliding mode observer which is developed based on the model of the motor in the synchronous reference frame. The method considers that the flux magnitude is known — this is estimated using a voltage model observer. In addition, the field-orientation angle is available; with this, the currents i d and i q are used to generate the feedback terms of the observer. The observer needs a speed signal and, since speed should not be measured, it is fed with a speed estimate (which is assumed inaccurate). Under these conditions, it is normal to have an inaccurate output; however, the paper proposes a gains design that allows to reduce the error in the estimated rotor time constant. Simulations and experiments validate the design.
A Methodology for Determining the Concentration of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in an Urban Environment

AbstractThe detection of radioactive sources in an urban setting is greatly complicated by natural background radiation, which emanates from various materials including roadways, sidewalks, soil, and building exteriors. The method presented and demonstrated here represents an effort to characterize the concentration of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) in these types of materials. The location surveyed in this work was the Fort Indiantown Gap Combined Arms Collective Training Facility in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania. Over 70 measurements with a high-purity germanium detector were performed to ascertain the NORM concentrations present in the soil, asphalt, gravel, concrete, and walls found throughout the site. Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations were used to obtain detector responses for these various geometries and materials to convert these measurements into NORM concentration estimates. Finally, synthetic spectra were simulated using the predicted source terms and compared to actu...
Mechanical Adaptability of the Skeleton

In Chapter 4 we learned that the mechanical properties of bone are strongly affected by porosity, mineralization, collagen fiber orientation, and other aspects of histologic structure. We also saw evidence that the variations in structure from region to region within a bone are correlated with mechanical factors—for example, greater mineral content and more transversely oriented collagen fibers on the more compressed side of the human femur. Then, in Chapter 5, we learned that the histologic structure of bone is also important in providing bone’s exceptional capacity for resisting catastrophic crack propagation and fatigue failure. Furthermore, we saw that in addition to providing the structures (e.g., cement lines) that control crack formation, remodeling also rids the bone of microdamage by replacing old bone with new. Finally, there is strong evidence that microdamage itself initiates remodeling. In reading about these features of bone, it is difficult to avoid the impression that local mechanical factors are influencing the bone cells as each portion of the skeleton is formed and remodeled. If this thought captured your imagination, you are not alone. Many others have had similar notions. Indeed, this idea that bone structure is somehow controlled locally to suit its current mechanical function has become a central tenet of orthopaedic medicine and science.
Ultrasonography, Orbital Venography, and Computerized Transaxial Tomography to Evaluate the Retrobulbar Space

Ultrasonography, orbital venography, and more recently Computerized Transaxial Tomography (E.M.I. Scanner) are the major methods for evaluating the retrobulbar area. Dejan and Boudet first described orbital venography in 1951 and1subsequently, the technique has undergone several modifications. Following direct puncture of a superficial midline frontal vein on the forehead, one can obtain opacification of both superior ophthalmic veins. With bilateral venous opacification, one may directly determine the vascularity of a mass (e.g. hemangioma). One can localize the site of a mass by demonstration of segmental venous displacement, venous encasement, or actual venous obstruction from elevated pressure. The changes in the retrobulbar space produced by increased pressure from direct invasion from an adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland are demonstrated by orbital venography and ultrasonography in Figures 1 and 2. The orbital venogram demonstrates the lack of filling of the superior ophthalmic vein on the left. In addition, there is erosion of the wings of the sphenoid bone. The sonogram demonstrates a convex inward appearance to the posterior pole of the eye. This is a reliable sign of retrobulbar mass lesion. In addition, there is a large mass temporal (top of photo) to the optic nerve distorting the retrobulbar fat.
k-Trustee: Location injection attack-resilient anonymization for location privacy

Cloaking-based location privacy preserving mechanisms have been widely adopted to protect users' location privacy when using location-based services. A fundamental limitation of such mechanisms is that users and their location information in the system are inherently trusted by the Anonymization Server without any verification. In this paper, we show that such an issue could lead to a new class of attacks called location injection attacks which can successfully violate users' in-distinguishability (guaranteed by k-Anonymity) among a set of users. We propose and characterize location injection attacks by presenting a set of attack models and quantify the costs associated with them. We then propose and evaluate k-Trustee, a trust-aware location cloaking mechanism that is resilient to location injection attacks and guarantees a lower bound on the user's in-distinguishability. k-Trustee guarantees that each user in a given cloaked region can achieve the required privacy level of k-Anonymity by including at least k-1 other trusted users in the cloaked region. We demonstrate the effectiveness of k-Trustee through extensive experiments in a real-world geographic map and our experimental results show that the proposed cloaking algorithm guaranteeing k-Trustee is effective against various location injection attacks.
Racial residential segregation and black low birth weight, 1970–2010

Abstract The black-white gap in low birth weight in the United States remains large and mostly unexplained. We explore the relationship between racial residential segregation and black and white birth weights and how it changed between 1970 and 2010. We find the negative relationship between segregation and black birth outcomes emerges after 1980. Maternal socioeconomic status and behaviors account for 29–40 percent of the effect of segregation between 2000 and 2010. Single motherhood and mother's education, and unobservable factors that load onto these variables, play important and increasing roles. After controlling for MSA and parent characteristics, segregation explains 15–21 percent of the raw black-white gap in low birth weight between 2000 and 2010.
Joule heating in the normal-superconductor phase transition in a magnetic field

Abstract Joule heating is a non-equilibrium dissipative process that occurs in a normal metal when an electric current flows, in an amount proportional to the metal’s resistance. When it is induced by eddy currents resulting from a change in magnetic flux, it is also proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux changes. Here we show that in the phase transformation between normal and superconducting states of a metal in a magnetic field, the total amount of Joule heating is determined by the thermodynamic properties of the system and is independent of the resistivity of the normal metal. Under the reasonable assumption that the magnetic field at the phase boundary is given by the thermodynamic critical field, we show that Joule heating occurs only in the normal region of the material, hence no Joule heating occurs in the superconducting region next to the phase boundary where normal current is expected to flow according to the conventional theory of superconductivity. We discuss the significance of this result.
Transactive Coordination of Flexible Loads with Energy Storage through Day-ahead Scheduling

Energy storage is recently attracting greater interests as an another enabling technology for renewable integration in addition to flexible loads. In this paper, the optimal utilization of flexibility from both flexible loads and energy storage through price coordination is considered. In particular, a new transactive coordination is proposed to solve this problem through day-ahead scheduling. Both flexible loads and energy storage are treated as the participants along with generators in a day-ahead market with their own private and distinct objectives. An iterative market clearing method is developed to determine the day-ahead hourly locational marginal prices (LMPs), which takes into account the power flow constraints imposed by network interconnections. The simulation studies demonstrates the benefits of incorporating the flexibility of energy storage into the day-ahead scheduling.
A Review of Past and Present Weight Loss Strategies and the Potential Role of Bariatric Arterial Embolization

The obesity epidemic is a growing public health concern that has a severe effect on the health care system with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Treatment options for obesity include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery. Newer, less-invasive therapies including endoscopic bariatric procedures have been developed in recent years to fill the treatment gap that exists between noninvasive approaches and surgery. Bariatric artery embolization (BAE) is a novel minimally invasive endovascular procedure that has been developed to treat obesity. Recent evidence has suggested that bariatric embolization is well tolerated and can induce clinically significant weight loss through a hormonally mediated mechanism. This article will review existing preclinical and clinical data, and explore future directions of the endovascular treatment of obesity.
Similarity Studies of Corona Viruses through Chaos Game Representation

The novel coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is generally referred to as Covid-19 virus has spread to 213 countries with nearly 7 million confirmed cases and nearly 400,000 deaths. Such major outbreaks demand classification and origin of the virus genomic sequence, for planning, containment, and treatment. Motivated by the above need, we report two alignment-free methods combing with CGR to perform clustering analysis and create a phylogenetic tree based on it. To each DNA sequence we associate a matrix then define distance between two DNA sequences to be the distance between their associated matrix. These methods are being used for phylogenetic analysis of coronavirus sequences. Our approach provides a powerful tool for analyzing and annotating genomes and their phylogenetic relationships. We also compare our tool to ClustalX algorithm which is one of the most popular alignment methods. Our alignment-free methods are shown to be capable of finding closest genetic relatives of coronaviruses.
Abstract 639: Acute promyelocytic leukemia

Introduction: Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) accounts for 10%-15% of all acute myeloid leukemia9s. The use of All-Trans Retinoic Acid/ Arsenic trioxide (ATRA/ATO) in the treatment regimens of low to intermediate-risk patients has led to remarkable cure rates (~80%). However, treatment guidelines of high-risk patients (WBC count≥ 10 x 109/L) remain unclear and these patients are at an increased risk of relapse. Design: Due to ambiguous treatment guidelines for high-risk APL patients as well as limited options for patients with arsenic resistant disease we sought to analyze clinical outcomes in this subset of patients. We conducted a literature search through Pubmed, EBSCO, and JSTOR to identify original articles that evaluated treatment protocols as well as outcomes for high-risk/refractory APL patients. We also evaluated the literature for clinical data involving patients who had arsenic resistant APL. Only relevant articles from 2000 to 2019 were included. Clinical trials where patients did not receive ATRA/ATO treatment were excluded. High risk patients have an increased mortality and decreased overall survival compared to intermediate and low risk patients. Although early death resulting from bleeding complications remains an important clinical hindrance, cases of arsenic resistant disease are becoming more prevalent. Resistant/refractory APL is a rare occurrence; however, no effective treatment exists to overcome resistance in this subset of patients. Of particular interest is the identification of variant translocations in APL; those that differ from the classical PML-RARA (~95%). 12 non-characteristic rearrangements have so far been described; of these, the ZBTB16-RARA and STAT5b-RARA are the most common variants. Both ZBTB16-RARA & STAT5b-RARA are insensitive to ATRA/ATO combination therapy, leaving these patients with limited options. Clinical outcomes have recently been described in a subset of 13 patients with arsenic resistant disease. Of these 13 patients with arsenic resistant disease, 11 eventually died. Mutations in a particular region of the PML protein have been shown to mediate arsenic resistant disease in both in vitro and in vivo models, suggesting a potential benefit of molecular screening to improve clinical outcomes. Neither ATO nor cytotoxic chemotherapy was successful in inducing remissions in this particular subset of patients. Conclusion: Well-defined treatment guidelines in high-risk APL and the need for alternative agents in patients resistant to ATO therapy are needed to improve clinical efficacy and outcomes. 1. Zhu, H.H.; Qin, Y.Z.; Huang, X.J. Resistance to arsenic therapy in acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 2014, 370, 1864-1866, doi:10.1056/NEJMc1316382. Citation Format: Ravinder Singh Chale, Joaquin J. Jimenez. Acute promyelocytic leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 639.
Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Increased Cardiovascular Mortality After Prolonged Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer.

Abstract Background Prolonged androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is favored over short-term use in patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer (PC). Objectives This study sought to compare ca...
Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors Integrated with Heat Pipes: Design Tradeoffs and Hardware Demonstration

This paper investigates the design of a 250kW permanent-magnet (PM) machine used for aircraft propulsion. The focus is to pursue high specific power (>20kW/kg), high efficiency (>95%), and low-thermal-resistance direct-cooling design for the demanding aerospace applications. The proposed key enabling technology is additively manufactured hollow conductors integrated with heat pipes. Compared to the existing high-specific-power PM machines for aerospace applications, the proposed design features a much lower speed - 5000r/min without any torque amplifier, which helps promote the specific power of the overall system. Based on parametric finite element (FE) analysis, tradeoff studies on a variety of winding configurations as well as geometrical parameters have been carried out, highlighting their impact on specific power, winding AC losses, and efficiency. AlSil0Mg coil samples printed by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) have been demonstrated to show the feasibility of the concept one step forward.
Monte Albán's Hidden Past: Buried Buildings and Sociopolitical Transformation

In this article, we present the most significant results of the Monte Alban Geophysical Archaeology Project. Using ground-penetrating radar, gradiometry, and electrical resistance, we carried out a systematic survey of the site's Main Plaza to identify buried prehispanic features that might shed light on Monte Alban's early history. The most important discoveries include three buried structures dating between the Danibaan (500–300 BC) and Nisa phases (100 BC–AD 100). We argue that the largest structure, measuring 18 × 18 m, was probably a temple platform and that all three of the structures were razed and buried by the end of the Nisa phase at the latest. Furthermore, we contend that these events were part of a major renovation and expansion of the site's Main Plaza that occurred during a pivotal period of dramatic sociopolitical transformation in the Zapotec capital.
Integrating Army School Based Health Centers and Pcmhs to Improve Access and Outcomes for Military Teens

Program Goals: The Madigan Army Medical Center (MAMC) School Based Health System (SBHS) was launched in 2012 in two schools just outside of Joint Base Lewis McChord (JBLM). Since that time, the program has grown to serve seven local schools. The initiative is designed to promote the physical, behavioral and emotional well-being of military dependent adolescent students on their school campuses. The system exemplifies the adolescent patient centered home model by providing high quality, safe, coordinated, and easily accessible care to a population of vulnerable adolescents whose parents are associated with …
Fish communities of the Sacramento River Basin: implications for conservation of native fishes in the Central Valley, California

The associations of resident fish communities with environmental variables and stream condition were evaluated at representative sites within the Sacramento River Basin, California between 1996 and 1998 using multivariate ordination techniques and by calculating six fish community metrics. In addition, the results of the current study were compared with recent studies in the San Joaquin River drainage to provide a wider perspective of the condition of resident fish communities in the Central Valley of California as a whole. Within the Sacramento drainage, species distributions were correlated with elevational and substrate size gradients; however, the elevation of a sampling site was correlated with a suite of water-quality and habitat variables that are indicative of land use effects on physio-chemical stream parameters. Four fish community metrics – percentage of native fish, percentage of intolerant fish, number of tolerant species, and percentage of fish with external anomalies – were responsive to environmental quality. Comparisons between the current study and recent studies in the San Joaquin River drainage suggested that differences in water-management practices may have significant effects on native species fish community structure. Additionally, the results of the current study suggest that index of biotic integrity-type indices can be developed for the Sacramento River Basin and possibly the entire Central Valley, California. The protection of native fish communities in the Central Valley and other arid environments continues to be a conflict between human needs for water resources and the requirements of aquatic ecosystems; preservation of these ecosystems will require innovative management strategies.
Statistical mechanics of driven diffusive systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the systems coupled to two reservoirs of energy in such a way that there is a steady energy flow through the system. An example is a resistor in steady state, gaining energy from a battery and losing it to the atmosphere. Even for this restricted class there is no equivalent of Gibbs' framework and, typically, distributions cannot be expressed solely in terms of the internal energies of the system. Thus, in addition to the “technical difficulties” associated with computing averages in a many-body system, one must first solve the “more fundamental” problem of finding the stationary distribution. For systems, which are only weakly perturbed so that they remain “close to equilibrium,” much is known at the level of linear response. The chapter focuses on steady states “far from equilibrium” where such schemes break down. Against this backdrop of a vast theoretical terra incognita, a reasonable approach consists in investigating systems which, while retaining the essence of the difficulties of “far from equilibrium” states, are as simple as possible. In this very spirit, Lenz suggested the Ising model in an attempt to understand the nature of ferromagnetic phase transitions. This philosophy provides one of the main motivations behind the introduction of a simple non-equilibrium system, which is referred to as the “standard model.”
Parallel Patient-Specific Computational Haemodynamics

A methodology for the prediction of patient-specific bloodflow (haemodynamics) is presented. All aspects required for such predictions: image processing and segmentation, surface extraction, problem definition, grid generation, coupled fluid/structure solution, as well as visualization and data reduction are considered. Emphasis is placed on fast execution on parallel machines, particularly those with shared memory architectures.
A Formal Model for a System’s Attack Surface

Practical software security metrics and measurements are essential for secure software development. In this chapter, we introduce the measure of a software system’s attack surface as an indicator of the system’s security. The larger the attack surface, the more insecure the system. We formalize the notion of a system’s attack surface using an I/O automata model of the system and introduce an attack surface metric to measure the attack surface in a systematic manner. Our metric is agnostic to a software system’s implementation language and is applicable to systems of all sizes. Software developers can use the metric in multiple phases of the software development process to improve software security. Similarly, software consumers can use the metric in their decision making process to compare alternative software.
A Review of “The Clinical Practice of Pediatric Physical Therapy: From the NICU to Independent Living

Mark Drnach, with contributions from other healthcare professionals, has published a text which effectively addresses multiple dimensions of pediatric physical therapy. The text provides essential ...
Salvage or Adjuvant Radiation Therapy: Counseling Patients on the Benefits

Recent developments in the urologic oncology literature suggest that residual local disease--as opposed to the presence of occult metastases at surgery--may characterize a more substantial component of the natural history of the recurrence and progression of initially clinically localized prostate cancer than previously appreciated. These important studies have illuminated the extent to which postoperative radiotherapy (RT) may provide benefit to patients with adverse pathologic features (extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, or positive surgical margins) or biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Nevertheless, the question of whether all patients with the aforementioned adverse features should undergo immediate adjuvant RT versus initial observation with more selective--but early--salvage RT in the event of biochemical failure remains the subject of heated controversy. This article reviews salient recent studies in this field to address important questions relevant to counseling patients on the use of postprostatectomy RT. Discussion points include data supporting benefit (efficacy), questions of generalizability of benefit (effectiveness) and risks, and important questions for further study.
Newton’s Empiricism and Metaphysics

Commentators attempting to understand the empirical method that Isaac Newton applies in his Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) are forced to grapple with the thorny issue of how to reconcile Newton’s rejection of hypotheses with his appeal to absolute space. On the one hand, Newton claims that his experimental philosophy does not rely on claims that are assumed without empirical evidence, and on the other hand, Newton appeals to an absolute space that, by his own characterization, does not make any impressions on our senses. Howard Stein (1967, 2002) has offered an insightful strategy for reconciling this apparent contradiction and suggested a way to enhance our understanding of Newton’s ‘empiricism’ such that absolute space can be preserved as a legitimate part of Newton’s experimental project. Recently, Andrew Janiak (2008) has posed a worthy challenge to Stein’s empirical reading of Newton and directed our attention to the metaphysical commitments that underlie the experimental philosophy of Newton’s Principia. Although Stein and Janiak disagree on the degree to which Newton’s empiricism influences his natural philosophy, both agree and clearly show that an adequate treatment of Newton’s empiricism cannot be divorced from consideration of Newton’s views on God and God’s relationship to nature.
The ultrastructure of the sinus gland of the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Nordmann)

An ultrastructural study of the sinus gland of the crayfish Astacusleptodactylus demonstrates that this gland is mainly composed of glial cells, axons and axon terminals. On the basis of the size, shape and electron density of the neurosecretory granules, we could distinguish five different types of axon terminals.
Survey of structural materials for the Molten Salt Experimental (“MOSEL”) reactor☆

Abstract Survey of metal-base structural materials for use in molten lead and fluoride salts at temperatures between 500 and 1000°C. The mechanical properties, fabrication and corrosion properties are the major items considered. The study was done with respect to the Molten Salt Experimental (“MOSEL”) reactor concept.
Mirror Thickness Profile Determination For A Variable Focus Device

This paper reports the technique for determining the thickness profile (i.e., the variation of thickness as a function of radial distance) for a deformable glass mirror whose inner surface must always maintain a spherical shape. The convex mirror produced by the periodic deformation (i.e., from optically flat to maximally spherical deformation of the optical surface at a given sinusoidal frequency) has associated with it a dynamically varying focal spot. The mirror is designed to assume a convex chape which is perfectly spherical over its deformation range, thus providing a varying negative focal point which can be incorporated into an associated optical system making use of the fluctuating focal position. The mirror thickness profile is determined by solving the equation of motion for a variable thickness plate with the constraint that the deformed surface be perfectly spherical when a uniform load is applied to the back surface of the plate. The final result gives the thickness as a function of radius with load, frequency, and physical constants of the plate as parameters. This work has significance in the field of adaptive optics.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 induces increased calvarial osteoblast proliferation and cranial suture fusion.

Abstract Objective: Craniosynostosis has been associated with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively determine the effect of FGF2 on rat calvarial osteoblasts and a rat cranial suture formation model. Design: Fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured with and without FGF2. Cell attachment and proliferation was determined by alamarBlue dye assay and cell morphology by toluidine-blue staining. In rat calvarial organ culture, postnatal day 15 rat calvariae with dura mater were placed in serum-free media with and without FGF2. A unique quantitative analysis of suture fusion was developed by obtaining measurements of suture bridging in histological serial sections at progressive stages of fusion. Results: Attachment for cells treated with FGF2 was similar to control. In contrast, proliferation was higher for cells treated with FGF2 while maintaining an osteoblastic morphology. After 5 days in organ culture, FGF2-treated posterior frontal suture...
Coulomb wave functions in momentum space

We present an algorithm to calculate non-relativistic partial-wave Coulomb functions in momentum space. The arguments are the Sommerfeld parameter η, the angular momentum l, the asymptotic momentum q and the 'running' momentum p, where both momenta are real. Since the partial-wave Coulomb functions exhibit singular behavior when p → q, different representations of the Legendre functions of the 2nd kind need to be implemented in computing the functions for the values of p close to the singularity and far away from it. The code for the momentum-space Coulomb wave functions is applicable for values of vertical bar eta vertical bar in the range of 10-1 to 10, and thus is particularly suited for momentum space calculations of nuclear reactions.
Dependence in Activities of Daily Living as a Risk Factor for Fall Injury Events Among Older People Living in the Community

Dependence in Activities of Daily Living as a Risk Factor for Fall Injury Events Among Older People Living in the Community