cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online Control Customization via Optimization‐Based Control

An advanced control technology that has had tremendous practical impact over the last two decades or so is model predictive control (MPC). By embedding an optimization solution in each sampling instant within the control calculation, MPC applications have demonstrated dramatic improvements in control performance. To date, this impact has largely been limited to the process industries. The reasons for the domain-specific benefit have to do with the relatively slow time constants of most industrial processes and their relatively benign dynamics (e.g., their open-loop stability). For aerospace systems to avail of the promise of MPC, research is needed in extending the technology so that it can be applied to systems with nonlinear, unstable, and fast dynamics. This chapter presents a new framework for MPC and optimization-based control for flight control applications. The MPC formulation replaces the traditional terminal constraint with a terminal cost based on a control Lyapunov function. This reduces computational requirements and allows proofs of stability under a variety of realistic assumptions on computation. The authors also show how differential flatness system can be used to computational advantage. (A system is differentially flat if, roughly, it can be modeled as a dynamical equation in one variable and its derivatives.) In this case the optimization can be done over a space of parametrized basis functions and a constrained nonlinear program can be solved using collocation points. A software package has been developed to implement these theoretical developments. There is an experimental component to this research as well. A tethered ducted fan testbed has been developed at Caltech that mimics the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft. High-performance maneuvers can safely be flown with the ducted fan and an interface to high-end workstations
Analytical Validation Tools for Safety Critical Systems

The current practice to validate flight control laws relies on applying linear analysis tools to assess the closed loop stability and performance characteristics about many trim conditions. Nonlinear simulations are then used to provide further confidence in the linear analyses and also to uncover dynamic characteristics, e.g. limit cycles, which are not revealed by the linear analysis. This paper reviews analysis techniques which can be applied to nonlinear systems described by polynomial dynamic equations. The proposed approach is to reduce the analysis problems to a sum-of-squares optimization problem which can then be solved with freely available software. These techniques can fill the gap between linear analysis and nonlinear simulations and hence can be used to provide additional confidence in the flight control law performance.
Factors Influencing the Antibody Production of Chickens Injected with a Soluble Antigen

Abstract THE response of mammals to primary and secondary inoculations of antigens has been studied by many workers. Burnet and Fenner (1949) in their monograph give a good review of the literature on the subject. We know of no study in which quantitative data have been obtained for precipitin production following controlled injection procedures. We are reporting our researches which deal with the antibody responses of chickens following variations in, 1) the quantity of antigen injected, 2) the number of inoculations and 3) the route of injection. Recent studies in our laboratory by Goodman et al. (1951) and Makinodan et al. (1952) have shown the chicken to be an excellent producer of precipitin. The fact that a large percentage of the birds respond to antigen injection makes this species well suited for the type of study undertaken. Since beef albumin, a mammalian antigen was used, it was thought advisable to study …
Practicum Instruction: Warning Signs of Boundary Problems and What to Do About Them

Many of the most troublesome student-client relationship problems found in practicum settings can be illuminated by the use of the boundary concept. Practicum instructors who depict the role relationship between the social work student and the client as defined by complex boundaries, can employ a set of behavioral cues to assist in the detection of boundary difficulties. The utility of boundary identification will be demonstrated by applying the concept in a number of representative practicum situations. Special attention is given to “non-traditional” mental health settings and public-sector social work roles. Specific supervisory and educational interventions are also recommended.
Discussions on Fault Clearing Actions of Protection System for Multi-terminal HVDC

The fault clearing actions for multi-terminal high-voltage direct current(HVDC) power transmission protection system are relative to the structure of multi-terminal HVDC system.Two fault clearing actions(blocking and restart logic of line fault) are analyzed in detail for a series type and a parallel type multi-terminal HVDC system.Other fault clearing actions are also introduced.Fast retarding with setting bypass pair is a general blocking action for the series type multi-terminal HVDC system.Blocking firing pulse is a general blocking action,and inhibiting bypass pair is often used in the parallel type multi-terminal HVDC system.For the series type multi-terminal HVDC system,pole isolating is adopted instead of converter isolating.Because there are many DC lines with different voltages,it is very complex to implement restart logic for DC line to ground faults.Runback and pole balancing must be implemented in all master converters synchronously.A new fault clearing action by closing the ground return breaker is used.For a parallel type multi-terminal HVDC system,it is only to make the time of initiating restart logic and the settings of restart logic almost identical in all converters.Decreasing DC current and blocking is a new fault clearing action.A new fault clearing action named opening DC line breaker is to isolate a faulted DC line.
Review: cardiac resynchronization therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Source Citation McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Hooton N, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy for patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a systematic review. JAMA. 2007;297:2502−14. 1...
Labeled Faces in the Wild: A Survey

In 2007, Labeled Faces in the Wild was released in an effort to spur research in face recognition, specifically for the problem of face verification with unconstrained images. Since that time, more than 50 papers have been published that improve upon this benchmark in some respect. A remarkably wide variety of innovative methods have been developed to overcome the challenges presented in this database. As performance on some aspects of the benchmark approaches 100 % accuracy, it seems appropriate to review this progress, derive what general principles we can from these works, and identify key future challenges in face recognition. In this survey, we review the contributions to LFW for which the authors have provided results to the curators (results found on the LFW results web page). We also review the cross cutting topic of alignment and how it is used in various methods. We end with a brief discussion of recent databases designed to challenge the next generation of face recognition algorithms.
The State Goals Groups and the Private Enterprise: a Conceptual Framework

The seventies have experienced a proliferation of citizen, city, state, national and international groups aiming at designing alternative futures for a better society. With few exceptions these groups have neglected to incorporate into their designs the role of the private corporation as an important determinant of these futures. In this paper an attempt is made to fill that void by providing a conceptual framework which identifies the role of the private corporation as an important and indispensable agent in future developments. The framework discards the contemporary form of a corporation and proposes a new organic firm.
The Mechanism of Snake Venom Actions—Rattlesnakes and Other Crotalids

Of the nearly 2000 different types of snakes that exist, about 300 are known to be venomous. The venomous snakes are classified according to morphological characteristics and comprise five families: Crotalidae (crotalid), Viperidae (viperid), Elapidae (elapid), Hydrophiidae (sea-snakes), and Colubridae (colubrid).
Hydrographic and ecologic implications of foraminiferal stable isotopic response across the U.S. mid-Atlantic continental shelf during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum

We present new δ13C and δ18O records of surface (Morozovella and Acarinina) and thermocline dwelling (Subbotina) planktonic foraminifera and benthic foraminifera (Gavelinella, Cibicidoides, and Anomalinoides) during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) from Millville, New Jersey and compare them with three other sites located along a paleoshelf transect from the U.S. mid-Atlantic coastal plain. Our analyses show different isotopic responses during the PETM in surface versus thermocline and benthic species. Whereas all taxa record a 3.6-4.0 ‰ δ13C decrease associated with the carbon isotope excursion (CIE), thermocline dwellers and benthic foraminifera show larger δ18O decreases compared to surface dwellers. We consider two scenarios that can explain the observed isotopic records: 1) a change in the water column structure; and 2) a change in habitat or calcification season of the surface dwellers due to environmental stress (e.g., warming, ocean acidification, surface freshening, and/or eutrophication). In the first scenario, persistent warming during the PETM would have propagated heat into deeper layers and created a more homogenous water column with a thicker warm mixed layer and deeper, more gradual thermocline. We attribute the hydrographic change to decreased meridional thermal gradients, consistent with models that predict polar amplification. The second scenario assumes that environmental change was greater in the mixed layer forcing surface dwellers to descend into thermocline waters as a refuge or restrict their calcification to the colder seasons. Though both scenarios are plausible, similar δ13C responses recorded in surface, thermocline, and benthic foraminifera challenge mixed layer taxa migration.
Exploring the Nature, Motives, and Implications of Foreign Capital in Africa

This introductory chapter summarizes the papers in this book. It shows that the topics covered by experts in their respective fields are engaging, provocative, timely, and critical as they address an emerging theme in development. The analyses provide cutting-edge knowledge about the extent to which capital from BRICS versus OECD member countries impacts Africa’s development trajectory and, as such, offers a contribution that is yet to take root in development economics. It further explicates current issues in ways that question the status quo and offers practical policies for a transformed and thriving Africa. The topics explored have particular resonance with, and relevance to, the changes currently taking place in Africa.
Surveys of Sexual Behavior and Sexual Disorders

Introduction. To promote better sexual health, it is essential to gather accurate data regarding the sexual behaviors of the population. Numerous surveys about sexual habits have been published throughout history, some of them more rigorous and scientifically valid than others.
Fragments of the European Refugee Crisis: Performing Displacement and the Re-Shaping of Greek Identity

The influx of immigrant and refugee populations in Greece, in the midst of the ongoing financial crisis, has given rise to performance collectives and initiatives concerned with the integration of newcomers. Such performances have become a site for the advocacy of immigrants' rights and engagement with the shifting urban demographic in Greece, prompting a reconsideration of national identity.
Darcy–Brinkman Flow in Narrow Crevices

Analytic approximate formulas for flow and heat transfer through a porous medium in narrow crevices are derived. The Poiseuille number and the Nusselt number depend on the crevice geometry and the product of the aspect ratio and the porous medium factor, the latter being inversely proportional to the square root of the Darcy number. Exact numerical solutions show the approximate formulas are valid up to an aspect ratio of 0.3. The results are applicable to flow through porous rock fissures and biological clefts.
When Black Girls Fight: Interrogating, Interrupting, and (Re)Imagining Dangerous Scripts of Femininity in Urban Classrooms:

The recent death of Amy Joyner, a promising Wilmington, Delaware, high school sophomore demonstrates very clearly the ways in which Black girls are made vulnerable in urban schools. Joyner, an hono...
Vaccine approaches conferring cross-protection against influenza viruses.

Introduction: Annual vaccination is one of the most efficient and cost-effective strategies to prevent and control influenza epidemics. Most of the currently available influenza vaccines are strong...
Why we need to “grasp” our surroundings: object affordance and prehension in architecture

This paper argues for a basic need for graspable “handles” to be physically present, or merely suggested in our immediate environment. Yet two of the most characteristic elements of industrial-modernist architecture, plate-glass curtain walls and minimalist surfaces, fail to match this aspect of our body’s biology. The absence of graspable components from the formal architecture of the 20th Century leads to psychological disconnection on the part of the user, and could possibly be a cause for stress and anxiety. Physical built elements and designs suggestive of grasping arise in traditional and vernacular methods of construction as ubiquitous moldings, ornament, and trim in response to both human psychology and tectonics.
Ethical Considerations Regarding Treatment

Treatment efficacy is very important. However, establishing ethical guidelines that examine the intrusiveness, cost, time commitment, and side effect(s) is critical. These factors are essential in determining the most humane way to provide care. The variables noted above also factor into treatments parents choose as well as interventions persons with autism spectrum disorder prefer. This chapter reviews these and related issues in the broad context of ethical treatment.
The Effect of Inspiratory Resistance on Exercise Performance and Perception in Moderate Normobaric Hypoxia.

Abstract Seo, Yongsuk, Jeremiah Vaughan, Tyler D. Quinn, Brittany Followay, Raymond Roberge, Ellen L. Glickman, and Jung-Hyun Kim. The effect of inspiratory resistance on exercise performance and perception in moderate normobaric hypoxia. High Alt Med Biol. 18:417–424, 2017. Purpose: Respirators are simple and efficient in protecting workers against toxic airborne substances; however, their use may limit the physical performance of workers. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of inspiratory resistance on physical performance and breathing perception in normobaric hypoxia. Method: Nine healthy men wore a tight-fitting respiratory mask outfitted with one of four different inspiratory resistors (R) (0, 1.5, 4.5, 7.5 cm H2O/L/Sec) while exercising at normobaric hypoxia (17% O2) at submaximal exercise workloads of 50, 100, and 150 W on a cycle ergometer for 10 minutes each, followed by a maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) test to exhaustion. Results: Maximal power output at R7.5 was significantly...
Coulomb blockade and negative differential resistance at room temperature: Self-assembled quantum dots on Si (110) surface

Abstract Self-assembled quasi periodic Quantum Dots (QDs) were grown by depositing two monolayers of Ir (iridium) on Si (silicon) (110) surface. We investigated the physical and chemical properties of these QDs with the help of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy (STM/STS) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). STM images showed that the surface was covered with large terraces corrugated with quasi periodic superstructure of QDs. I(V) (current (voltage)) curves measured on the QDs showed that conductance around Fermi level is highly suppressed. In addition to that the I(V) curves measured on the QDs has a plateau at approximately 1.5 V above the Fermi level indicating negative differential resistance (NDR). XPS data suggests that the terraces are made out of Ir and at the interface between Ir terraces and Si(110) surface, Ir-silicide forms. The shifts in position of Ir 4f and Si 2p peaks associated with Ir-silicide formation were comparable with the previously known bulk Ir-silicides.
Saving Students: European Student Relief in the Aftermath of World War I:

The World’s Student Christian Federation established the European Student Relief (ESR) organization in 1920 in order to respond to the refugee and hunger crises emerging in the wake of World War I ...
Editor’s Comments to Varela, Chernyak and Tauber

The history of immunology has been marked by lively theoretical debate from the earliest polemics between Metchnikoff’s cellular proponents and the humoralists, to later controversies as to the generative basis of antibody formation (germ-line vs. somatic mutation models and instructive vs. selective theories), and more recently regulatory circuits vs. idiotypic network theory. These debates have played an important role in the experimental development of the field, and not surprisingly, as immunology has become more complex both in its self-evaluation and dependence (or interaction) on other biological disciplines, its theoretical concerns have become more sophisticated.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Sensitivity to Selective Kinase Inhibitors in Human Lung Cancer

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) with pleiotropic developmental functions in metazoans. It is the prototypical member of the ErbB family of RTKs, which can form homodimers or heterodimers with other ErbB family members upon ligation with a variety of EGF-related extracellular ligands to facilitate transphosphorylation and downstream signaling.
The aging lung.

Structural changes occur in the respiratory system with advancing age. Lung elasticity decreases, stiffness of the chest wall increases, and respiratory muscle strength declines. These alterations contribute to gradual, but progressive, reductions in forced vital capacity, expiratory flow rates, diffusing capacity, gas exchange, ventilatory drive, and respiratory sensation. Cigarette smoking accelerates the age-related decline in flow rates. Understanding the effects of aging on the lung is important in order to distinguish pathologic changes from changes that are part of the normal aging process.
May-Thurner Syndrome as a Cause of Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source in a Young Patient: A Case Report (P6.224)

Objective: To report a case of embolic ischemic stroke in a young patient with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) likely due to May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS). Background: May-Thurner Syndrome (MTS) consists of chronic compression of the left common iliac vein (CIV) by the right common iliac artery (CIA) and may predispose to local deep venous thrombosis (DVT) formation, which can result in paradoxical embolus in patients with a right-to-left cardiac shunt (RLS). Design/Methods: A 35-year-old woman with migraine history and current intrauterine device presented with left hemiparesis, numbness, and left field cut. She received IV rt-PA with symptom resolution. No family history of stroke or hypercoagulable disorder was reported. Neurological exam significant for minimal left-sided incoordination. MRI revealed right lentiform, caudate, and corona radiate infarct. CTA head and neck, ECG, holter monitor, bloodwork and urine toxicology were unremarkable. Hypercoagulable labs revealed borderline low antithrombin III activity at 79% [80–117%]. TTE bubble study showed RLS. TEE revealed a PFO with ASA. Lower extremity (LE) Doppler showed no DVT. Magnetic resonance venogram (MRV) of the pelvis revealed compression of the left CIV by the right CIA, without evidence of thrombus. This finding was felt to be consistent with MTS. Results: Impression was that her stroke was due to paradoxical embolus originating in the iliac vein, perhaps precipitated by venous stasis in the setting of a prolonged car trip. She was started on anticoagulation with apixaban for presumed pelvic DVT. Conclusions: MTS is an important consideration in young patients with embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS) who are found to have RLS. MRV pelvic imaging is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool to assess for thrombus and abnormal anatomy. Discovery of MTS affects clinical decision making and thus, pelvic imaging should be considered in patients with ESUS who are found to have a PFO. Disclosure: Dr. De Leon Benedetti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Marulanda-Londono has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malik has nothing to disclose.
Preoperative Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis Prior to Office Balloon Sinus Dilation: A 2011-2014 MarketScan® Analysis.

BackgroundIn-office balloon sinus dilation (BSD) has recently gained popularity as a surgical treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, utilization, indications, and practice patt...
Alloplastic Cranioplasty Reconstruction: A Systematic Review Comparing Outcomes With Titanium Mesh, Polymethyl Methacrylate, Polyether Ether Ketone, and Norian Implants in 3591 Adult Patients.

BACKGROUND Acquired defects of the cranium represent a reconstructive challenge in patients with calvarial bone loss due to trauma, infection, neoplasia, congenital malformations, or other etiologies. The objective of this study was to compare postoperative rates of infection, local complications, and allograft failures following cranioplasty reconstruction using titanium mesh (Ti), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and Norian implants in adult patients. METHODS This constitutes the first systematic review of available literature on 4 different methods of alloplastic cranioplasty reconstruction, including Ti, PMMA, PEEK, and Norian implants, using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale guidelines for article identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Electronic literature search included Ovid MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database. Pearson exact test was utilized at P < 0.05 level of significance (J.M.P. v11 Statistical Software). RESULTS A total of 53 studies and 3591 patients (mean age, 40.1 years) were included (Ti = 1429, PMMA = 1459, PEEK = 221, Norian = 482). Polymethyl methacrylate implants were associated with a significantly higher infection rate (7.95%, P = 0.0266) compared with all other implant types (6.05%). Polyether ether ketone implants were associated with a significantly higher local complication rate (17.19%, P = 0.0307, compared with 12.23% in all others) and the highest ultimate graft failure rate (8.60%, P = 0.0450) compared with all other implant types (5.52%). CONCLUSIONS This study qualifies as a preliminary analysis addressing the knowledge gap in rates of infection, local surgical complication, and graft failure in alloplastic cranioplasty reconstruction with different implant types in the adult population. Longer-term randomized trials are warranted to validate associations found in this study.
High sulfur content multifunctional conducting polymer composite electrodes for stable Li-S battery

Abstract Although Li-ion batteries have revitalized the energy storage platform, higher energy density for long-range applications is still a challenge. Beyond Li-ion, Li-S battery could be one of the most promising technologies, but challenges such as lithium polysulfide shuttling, sluggish reaction kinetics and low areal sulfur loading (
College Bound: Advice for Academically Talented Students From Recent Graduates:

For students who decide to enroll in college after high school graduation, there are numerous factors to consider when searching for potential matches and choosing from the available options. Ten r...
Crew Configures ISS

European Automated Transfer Vehicles (ATVs) can begin sending tons of logistics supplies to the International Space Station as early as 2006, now that the U.S./Russian crew has outfitted the exterior of the ISS with the final communications and GPS antennas needed for ATV rendezvous and docking. During their extravehicular activity (EVA) on Mar. 28, Expedition 10 commander astronaut Leroy Chiao and Russian flight engineer cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov also coordinated the hand-launch by Sharipov of a small Russian technology satellite. The crew wore Russian Orlan space suits during the 4 hr. 30 min. EVA, which they completed an hour earlier than expected. The EVA was the sixth for Chiao and the second for Sharipov. Both Expedition 10 crewmen had been outside together on Jan. 25 at the start of their six- month mission. The Expedition 11 replacement crew is to launch to the ISS Apr. 15, enabling the current crew to return to Earth Apr. 25. A detailed discussion about Chiao and Sharipov's EVA is presented.
8 – Patterns suggested by data

Patterns Suggested by Data explores linear models that characterize data as a mixture of a few significant patterns, whose properties are determined by the data themselves (as contrasted to being imposed by the analyst). The advantage to this approach is that the patterns are drawn from the data themselves and may bring out features that reflect the physical processes of the system. The methodology, which goes by the names factor analysis and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is applied to a wide range of data types, including chemical analyses and images of sea surface temperature (SST). In the SST case, the strongest pattern is the El Nino climate oscillation, which brings immediate attention to an important instability in the ocean-atmosphere system.
Immune function and infectious complications in children with jejunoileal atresia.

Abstract Objective Little is known about differences in immune function among children with multiple intestinal atresia (MIA) and those with isolated intestinal atresia (IA), and how such differences may manifest as infectious complications and patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the immune function and its impact on patient outcomes in IA and MIA children. Methods A single-center retrospective cohort study included children aged 0–19 years with intestinal atresia who were referred to a multidisciplinary intestinal rehabilitation program from 1/2000 to 12/2016. Data were collected for patient characteristics, surgical history, immunologic work-up, and infection-related hospitalizations. Groups of IA and MIA children were compared using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and using Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables, as appropriate. Results Twenty-seven children (18 IA, 9 MIA) were included. More than half of the patients had low CD counts for age in IA and MIA groups: CD3 58.3% vs. 66.7% (p = 1.0), CD4 50.0% vs. 66.7% (p = 0.7), CD8 67.7% vs. 88.9% (p = 0.3), respectively. Six out of 12 IA children and 3 out of 8 MIA children had hypogammaglobulinemia (p = 0.7). Three out of 10 IA patients and 3 out of 5 MIA children had frequent bacteremia (≥ 5/year). Eight children (6 IA and 2 MIA) underwent intestinal and/or liver transplant; MIA children had a worse posttransplant outcome. Conclusions IA children may have an immunodeficiency and associated infectious complications requiring hospitalization. We suggest performing immunologic evaluation not only in MIA but also in IA children presenting to an intestinal rehabilitation program to identify immunodeficiency. Early immunodeficiency screening may help initiate appropriate intervention and improve patient outcomes. Level of evidence Level III.
Extremal models for the GI∕GI∕K waiting-time tail-probability decay rate

Abstract We identify interarrival-time and service-time distributions that yield tight upper and lower bounds on the asymptotic decay rate of the steady-state waiting-time tail probability in the G I ∕ G I ∕ K queue, given the first two moments of those underlying distributions plus alternative additional information. We apply Tchebycheff systems after providing a concise review.
Cryo-EM analysis of human mitochondrial Hsp90 in multiple tetrameric states

Hsp90 is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that mediates the folding and maturation of hundreds of ″client″ proteins. Although Hsp90s generally function as homodimers, recent discoveries suggested that the mitochondrion specific Hsp90 (TRAP1) also forms functionally relevant tetramers. The structural mechanism of tetramer formation remains elusive. Here we used a combination of solution, biochemical and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) approaches to confirm that, independent of nucleotide state, a subpopulation of TRAP1 exists as tetramers. Unexpectedly, cryo-EM reveals multiple tetramer conformations having TRAP1 dimers arranged in orthogonal, parallel, or antiparallel configurations. The cryo-EM structure of one of the orthogonal tetrameric states was determined at 3.5 A resolution. Each of the two TRAP1 dimers is in a symmetric AMP·PNP-bound closed state with the tetramer being stabilized through three distinct dimer-dimer interaction sites. In unique ways, each of the three TRAP1 domains contributes to tetramer formation. In addition to tetramerization via direct dimer-dimer contacts, our structure suggests that additional stabilization could come from domain swapping between the dimers. These results expand our understanding of TRAP1 biology beyond the conventional view of a functional dimer and provide a platform to further explore the function and regulation of tetrameric TRAP1 in mitochondria.
The Spirit of ‘WE’ in the Learning Environment: ‘WE LEaRN’—A Space for Students and Teachers to Become

This chapter advances the idea that in order to improve twenty-first-century learning environments for students and particularly for teachers, it is necessary to enhance the spirit of collective culture, called ‘WE’, versus the spirit of individualism, called ‘I’, and provides an example of how this is reflected in the design of learning spaces. Both of these cohorts use learning, working and doing processes, and face major changes from educational mandates. A ‘WE’ cultural environment will be discussed in order to support multiple aspects of collaboration and creativity, where hub-specific solutions empower the two groups as collectives, supporting a ‘WE LEaRN HUB’ setting. Connecting practice to research, a process of change in school design related to the ‘WE’ culture is presented through an academic park built in Israel. This academic park uses an introductory design of the hub’s setting approach, supporting the ‘WE’ of both communities and reflecting new approaches in learning processes.
Mechanisms controlling pancreatic islet cell function in insulin secretion

Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells, respectively, is controlled by metabolic, endocrine, and paracrine regulatory mechanisms and is essential for the control of blood levels of glucose. The deregulation of these mechanisms leads to various pathologies, most notably type 2 diabetes, which is driven by the combined lesions of impaired insulin action and a loss of the normal insulin secretion response to glucose. Glucose stimulates insulin secretion from β-cells in a bi-modal fashion, and new insights about the underlying mechanisms, particularly relating to the second or amplifying phase of this secretory response, have been recently gained. Other recent work highlights the importance of α-cell-produced proglucagon-derived peptides, incretin hormones from the gastrointestinal tract and other dietary components, including certain amino acids and fatty acids, in priming and potentiation of the β-cell glucose response. These advances provide a new perspective for the understanding of the β-cell failure that triggers type 2 diabetes.
Cost-Effectiveness of First-Line Versus Second-Line Use of Daratumumab in Older, Transplant-Ineligible Patients With Multiple Myeloma.

PURPOSEThe MAIA trial found that addition of daratumumab to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (DRd) significantly prolonged progression-free survival in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagn...
Improving Social Knowledge and Skills among Adolescents with Autism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of UCLA PEERS® for Adolescents

UCLA PEERS® for Adolescents is a widely applied program among a number of social skills training programs developed over the years. We synthesized current research evidence on the PEERS program to evaluate the treatment effect on four commonly used outcome measures. 12 studies met inclusion criteria for the review and nine met the criteria for meta-analysis. Results showed moderate to large pooled effects across measures and informants in favor of the PEERS program, with the largest effect seen in social knowledge improvement and the smallest effect in the frequency of get-togethers. The heterogeneity of effects across studies were examined and the limitations of the current evidence were discussed.
Dietary lutein plus zeaxanthin and choline intake is interactively associated with cognitive flexibility in middle-adulthood in adults with overweight and obesity.

The xanthophyll carotenoids lutein+zeaxanthin and the dietary component choline have been linked to benefits in cognition. However, knowledge on the interactive influence of these dietary component...
Computer-assisted surgery in medical and dental applications.

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) is a broad surgical methodology that utilizes computer technology to both plan and execute surgical intervention. CAS is widespread in both medicine and dentistry as...
Cinema and the Making of a Racist, Colonial/Imperial State: Tarzan of the Apes and the Making of Africa's Image

The central objective of this essay is to provide new insights and understanding into how the representation of Africa and Africans in Tarzan of the Apes, a 1918 American silent film directed by Scott Sidney, has mixed legacy of reinforcing racism, colonialism/imperialism modes of thinking, and challenging it at the same time. In order words, my central argument is that the portrayal of Africa and Africans in Tarzan of the Apes is inextricably linked with institutional racism, colonial\imperial modes of thinking. Exploring the interconnection between them and Tarzan of the Apes is the central objective of this essay. Grounding my analysis in history, this essay demonstrates how racism, imperialism/colonialism, were and continue to be fundamental part of Western cinematic practices in African. I argue that racism, imperialism/colonialism have been and continue to be essential components of Western cinematic practices in Africa.
Image feature detection and matching for biological object recognition

Image feature detection and matching are two critical processes for many computer vision tasks. Currently, intensity-based local interest region detectors and local feature-based matching methods are used widely in computer vision applications. But in some applications, such as biological object recognition tasks, within-class changes in pose, lighting, color, and texture can cause considerable variation of local intensity. Consequently, object recognition systems based on intensity-based interest region detectors often fail. This dissertation proposes a new structure-based local interest region detector called principal curvature-based region detector (PCBR) that detects stable watershed regions within the multi-scale principal curvature images. This detector typically detects distinctive patterns distributed evenly on the objects and it shows significant robustness to local intensity perturbation and intra-class variation. Second, this thesis develops a local feature matching algorithm that augments the SIFT descriptor with a global context feature vector containing curvilinear shape information from a much larger neighborhood to resolve ambiguity in matching. Moreover, this thesis further improves the matching method to make it robust to occlusion, clutter, and non-rigid transformation by defining affine-invariant log-polar elliptical context and employing a reinforcement matching scheme. Results show that our new detector and matching algorithms improve recognition accuracy and are well suited for biological object recognition tasks.
Environmentally enhanced crack growth in nickel-based alloys at elevated temperatures

A recent understanding of environmentally enhanced sustained-load crack growth in nickel-based superalloys at elevated temperatures is presented. This understanding is based on the results of coordinated studies of crack growth kinetics, surface chemistry, and microstructure in a commercial Inconel 718. The results suggest that environmental enhancement of sustained-load crack growth in Inconel 718 is associated with the formation and rupture of niobium oxides at grain boundary surfaces and is controlled mainly by the rate of oxidation and decomposition of niobium carbides at the grain boundaries. Data on other nickel-based alloys in the literature appear to support this suggested role of niobium. Initial results from a study of a niobium-free Ni-18Cr-18Fe alloy (its base composition is identical to Inconel 718) confirm the possible influence of niobium and the proposed mechanism. Some open issues for further investigation are discussed.
Biosynthesis of the alkaloids of Chelidonium majus—II.

Abstract The tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloid, stylopine, has been synthesized with carbon-14 label at C-6. The chelidonine isolated from Chelidonium majus L. plants which had been fed dl -stylopine-6- 14 C was radioactive (0.7%, incorporation), and systematic degradation established that all the activity was located at C-11. This result provides strong support for the hypothesis that the tetrahydroprotoberberines are precursors of the benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids.
The Appeal for Transcendence: A Possible Response to Cases of Deep Disagreement

Deep disagreement is a situation in which a conflict is so fundamental that there appears to be no underlying shared understanding by the arguers at any level. It is generally held that in such a case productive argument is not possible. Any claim the one party makes can be challenged by the other party in a potentially infinite regress, because there is no moment at which the interlocutor, by virtue of his or her prior commitments, is obligated to accept any standpoint. Overcoming deep disagreement requires transcending the impasse in the argument, seeing the controversy in a different light. Zarefsky identifies four pairs of strategies that involve rhetorical moves to reset the disagreement and reshape the argument. In addition, he presents two case studies to illustrate them.
SPACE, TIME, SEMANTICS, AND THE CHILD

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the thesis that the child acquires English spatial expressions by learning how to apply them to the child's prior knowledge about space and that the child acquires English temporal expressions in turn by extending the spatial terms in a metaphor about time. The main evidence for this thesis is the strong correspondence between the properties of the spatial terms and the properties of man's innate perceptual apparatus, and between English spatial and temporal expressions. The correspondence is so strong that it simply could not be coincidental, and it, therefore, needs explanation. Time, for example, is not just expressed with an occasional spatial simile, but rather it is based on a thoroughly systematic spatial metaphor, suggesting a complete cognitive system that space and time expressions have in common. The chapter outlines the thesis, its evidence, and what it could mean for the acquisition of English. This theory argues that grammatical relations are fundamentally locative in nature, and they are, therefore, derived ultimately from notions of location.
On robust multiuser detection

We study the design of multiuser detectors from an H/sup /spl infin// point of view. The H/sup /spl infin// approach is most appropriate in the situations where the statistical properties of the disturbances are not known or are too hard to model and analyze. The design of the H/sup /spl infin// optimal FIR multiuser detectors can be efficiently performed using numerical methods. Exploiting the inherent non-uniqueness of the H/sup /spl infin// solution, we additionally optimize for an average performance thus obtaining mixed H/sup 2//H/sup /spl infin// optimal multiuser detector. Recursive solutions, allowing for computationally efficient implementation of the decision-feedback detectors, is discussed.
School Counselors’ Knowledge of Functional Behavioral Assessments:

A functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is one of the tools used by school personnel for providing a fair educational experience for students in special education programs. Although several school counselors are expected to participate in school-level FBA teams, questions arise as to their level of awareness, training, and beliefs regarding FBA procedures and practices. For this study, practicing school counselors were surveyed in order to determine their awareness, knowledge, and role in the FBA process.
Physicochemical Characterization of Citrate Synthase and Its Subunits

Abstract Citrate synthase has a molecular weight of 1.0 x 105, as determined from sedimentation equilibrium and also from a combination of hydrodynamic properties. The sedimentation and diffusion coefficients were found to be 6.0 S and 5.8 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1, respectively, and the intrinsic viscosity was 3.95 ml g-1. Optical rotatory dispersion showed a 233 mµ trough and a 198 mµ peak with [m']233 = -7,150 and [m']198 = +28,500 deg cm2 dmole-1; the b0 of the Moffitt equation was -240. Circular dichroism showed a double minimum at 222 and 210 mµ and a maximum at 191 mµ with [θ]222 = -20,000, [θ]210 = -21,000, and [θ]191 = +42,000 deg cm2 dmole-1. These findings indicate the presence of a moderate amount of α-helical segments in the protein molecule. Citrate synthase does not dissociate in the presence of 2 m KCl, dioxane, 8 m urea, p-chloromercuribenzoate, or β-mercaptoethanol, but it can be readily split into two physically indistinguishable subunits upon succinylation. The succinylated subunit was enzymatically inactive. Its sedimentation coefficient was one-half that of the native enzyme and its diffusion coefficient was reduced by about 10%. The optical properties also suggested a helical content of about one-half that of the native protein. Citrate synthase can also dissociate into two subunits in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride, but the molecule becomes completely unordered.
Genetic connectivity in the Florida reef system: comparative phylogeography of commensal invertebrates with contrasting reproductive strategies.

Effective spatial management of coral reefs including design of marine protected areas requires an understanding of interpopulation genetic connectivity. We assessed gene flow along 355 km of the Florida reef system and between Florida and Belize in three commensal invertebrates occupying the same host sponge ( Callyspongia vaginalis ) but displaying contrasting reproductive dispersal strategies: the broadcast-spawning brittle star Ophiothrix lineata and two brooding amphipods Leucothoe kensleyi and Leucothoe ashleyae. Multiple analytical approaches to sequence variation in the mitochondrial COI gene demonstrated a high degree of overall connectivity for all three species along the Florida reef system. Ophiothrix lineata showed significant genetic structuring between Florida and Belize, and a pattern of isolation by distance but no significant genetic structuring along the Florida coastline. Bayesian estimates of migration detected a strong southerly dispersal bias for O. lineata along the Florida reef system, contrary to the general assumption of northerly gene flow in this region based on the direction of the Florida Current. Both amphipods, despite direct development, also showed high gene flow along the Florida reef system. Multiple inferences of long-distance dispersal from a nested clade analysis support the hypothesis that amphipod transport, possibly in detached sponge fragments, could generate the high levels of overall gene flow observed. However, this transport mechanism appears much less effective across deep water as connectivity between Florida and Belize (1072 km) is highly restricted.
Applied physiology: lung function testing in children

Summary Recent developments in the techniques available to measure lung function in children have greatly improved our understanding of lung development in both health and disease. In everyday clinical practice, lung function tests can provide objective information about the severity and progression of disease and the response to treatment. Although spirometry remains the most useful and widely used test, newer techniques, such as specific airways resistance and resistance measured by the interrupter technique, allow children who are too young to co-operate with spirometry to be tested. This is of great importance as it is increasingly recognized that many chronic respiratory illnesses in older children and adults have their origins in early life. This paper will describe the basic physiology of some standard tests and some of the newer tests that are increasing our understanding of lung disease in children.
Computer Modeled Multiportal Approaches to the Skull Base

Skull base surgical approaches have evolved significantly to minimize collateral tissue damage and improve access to complex anatomic regions. Many endoscopic surgical portals have been described, and these can be combined in multiportal approaches that permit improved angles for visualization and instrumentation. To assist in the choice of entry portal and surgical pathway analysis, a three-dimensional computer model with virtual endoscopy was created. The model was evaluated on transnasal and transorbital approaches to access 11 specified sellar and parasellar target locations on 14 computed tomography (CT) scans. Data were collected on length of approach, angle between instruments, and approach angle with respect to anatomical planes. Optimal multiportal approach combinations were derived. The data demonstrated that the shortest, most direct pathway to many sellar and parasellar targets was through transorbital portals. Distances were reduced by 35% for certain target locations; combining transorbital and transnasal portals increased the angle between instruments 4-fold for many targets. The predicted values from the model were validated on four cadaver specimens. Computer modeling holds the potential to play an integral role in the design, analysis, and testing of new surgical approaches, as well as in the selection of optimal approach strategies for the unique pathology of individual patients.
Color flow Doppler evaluation of St. Jude Medical prosthetic valves

Transthoracic color flow Doppler imaging has shown promise in evaluating Bjork Shiley mechanical prosthetic heart valves in a limited number of patients.1 We present our color flow Doppler, pulsed and continuous wave Doppler findings in evaluating St. Jude Medical mitral and aortic valves.