cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living long by staying small: stem layering as an adaptive life-history trait in shade-tolerant tree seedlings

Suppressed seedling banks are important in replacement dynamics in late-successional forests. However, demo- graphic properties of seedling populations are poorly known, and there has been little attention to traits that might affect fitness in suppressed seedlings. Acer saccharum Marsh., a shade-tolerant dominant in eastern North American forests, fre- quently develops adventitious roots along prostrate portions of stems (''layering''). Measurements of Acer seedlings in old- growth forests in Michigan indicate that layered seedlings proportionally reduce structural allocations to older layered stem tissues, retain leaf area/height ratios of younger unlayered seedlings, and tend to survive longer. In tree seedlings, al- lometric consequences of normal stem growth lead to declining ratios of photosynthetic to nonphotosynthetic biomass, which potentially reduces shade tolerance and limiting age. The layering habit may defer this penalty by changing the all- ometry of growth. Resulting increases in life expectancy should increase chance of access to increased light and of reach- ing the canopy. Thus, because flowering is generally restricted to canopy trees, the tendency to layer may increase fitness. Properties of individuals in suppressed seedling banks may be selectively and ecologically important, shaping life histories and population dynamics. Resume´ : Les banques de semis opprimes sont importantes pour la dynamique de remplacement des forets en fin de suc- cession. Cependant, les proprietesd emographiques des populations de semis sont peu connues et peu d'attention a eteac- cordee aux caracteristiques qui pourraient affecter la valeur selective des semis opprimes. Acer saccharum Marsh., une espece tolerante a l'ombre qui domine les forets de l'est de l'Amerique du Nord, produit souvent des racines adventives le long des portions procombantes de la tige (marcottage). Des mesures prises sur des semis d'Acer dans des forets anciennes
Prototype IC with WDDL and differential routing – DPA resistance assessment

Wave dynamic differential logic combined with differential routing is a working, practical technique to thwart side-channel power attacks. Measurement-based experimental results show that a differential power analysis attack on a prototype IC, fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS, does not disclose the entire secret key of the AES algorithm at 1,500,000 measurement acquisitions. This makes the attack de facto infeasible. The required number of measurements is larger than the lifetime of the secret key in most practical systems.
Enhanced immunogenicity of pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA) in mice via fusion to recombinant human B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)

Background B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of ligands that mediates its action through three known receptors. BLyS has been shown to enhance the production of antibodies against heterologous antigens when present at elevated concentrations, supporting an immunostimulatory role for BLyS in vivo.
Myocardial blood flow in coronary artery disease: studies at rest and during stress with inert gas washout techniques.

HIS article will review techniques using inert gases that have been utilized to measure average left ventricular and regional myocardial blood flow in man. The development of these techniques has been spurred primarily by the desire to evaluate clinically the disturbances of myocardial blood flow that occur in patients with coronary artery disease. Coronary atherosclerosis is a focal process that affects primarily large epicardial coronary arteries and their major branches and to a lesser extent the smaller intramyocardial vessels.‘,’ Discrete coronary lesions produce alterations in myocardial blood flow both in different regions of the heart (i.e., spatial heterogeneity of blood flow) and also in different layers of the ventricular wall (i.e., transmural heterogeneity of blood flow). In turn, these blood flow alterations in the myocardium may impair cardiac performance. Both global and segmental abnormalities of ventricular contraction are associated with coronary artery disease.” When the blood flow to a region of the myocardium is insufficient to meet the metabolic requirements of the working heart muscle for oxygen, &hernia develops and may produce angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and/or local abnormalities of cardiac metabolism and function. Coronary arteriography is commonly used to visualize the extent and distribution of coronary artery obstructions. It is a necessary prerequisite to consideration of surgical therapy for angina, infarction, or ventricular failure.+ However, coronary arteriography does not reveal to what degree myocardial blood flow has been compromised by the obstructing lesion. It cannot reveal the presence of small vessel disease (i.e., abnormal vessels < 200~ in diameter) nor the extent
Effects of crude glycerin on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing wether lambs.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crude glycerin on performance and carcass characteristics in finishing wether lambs. Thirty black-faced, Suffolk-cross wether lambs (44.1 ± 5.6 kg initial BW) were stratified and blocked by BW to 1 of 5 individually fed, isocaloric, isonitrogenous di- etary treatments containing 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20% crude glycerin (88% pure) on a DM basis. Diets were fed once daily for ad libitum consumption and contained 15% chopped hay, approximately 25% dried distillers grains with solubles, and the specified treatment combination of cracked corn replaced with increasing amounts of crude glycerin. Wethers were weighed on 14-d intervals and were selected for slaughter when they reached an approximate 12th-rib fat depth of 0.51 cm (28 to 84 d on trial). Carcass characteristics were collected after a 48-h chill. Dry matter intake (linear, P = 0.004) and ADG (quadratic, P = 0.05) increased with increasing concentrations of glycerin in the diet during the first 14 d of the feeding period. Similarly, G:F tended to increase quadratically (P = 0.06) with increasing con- centrations of crude glycerin in the diet during the first 14 d. However, there were no differences among treat- ments for final BW, days on feed, or cumulative DMI, cumulative ADG, and cumulative G:F (P ≥ 0.11). Body wall thickness, dressing percent, HCW, LM area, flank streaking, leg score, conformation score, quality grade, yield grade, and percent boneless, closely trimmed re- tail cuts did not differ (P ≥ 0.21). Adding up to 15% crude glycerin to finishing wether diets improved feedlot performance, particularly during the first 14 d, without any concomitant effect on carcass characteristics.
Two-phase flow around a two-dimensional cylinder

Ecoulement d'une suspension de particules solides dans un fluide visqueux incompressible autour d'un cylindre pour de faibles nombres de Reynolds
A preliminary test of Hunt's General Theory of Competition: using artificial adaptive agents to study complex and ill-defined environments

Abstract Business environments are complex and ill-defined. New developments in evolutionary computing allow the realistic modeling of complex and ill-defined business environments. Evolutionary computing tools are used to build a competitive market that mimics Hunt's General Theory of Competition (HGTC), in which competition is disequilibrium provoking and both innovation and organizational learning are endogenous. A discussion illustrates how this form of simulation can be valuable to the business strategist and also serve as an alternative method for competitive market strategy research.
A digital fundamental group

Abstract A group analogous to the fundamental group is defined for binary digital pictures based on almost arbitrary lattices and adjacency relations. This digital fundamental group has an immediate application to image processing—it can be used to give a precise statement of what it means for a three-dimensional image thinning algorithm to preserve topology. Given any suitably well-behaved digital picture, it is possible to construct a polyhedral set whose fundamental groups are naturally isomorphic to the digital fundamental groups of the digital picture. This result confirms that the digital fundamental group has been appropriately defined.
Dynamical Supersymmetries in Superdeformed Nuclei

Since the initial observation of superdeformed rotational bands in A≈190 nuclei in 1989, there has been an explosion of data in the Hg-TI-Pb isotopes with as many as 35 superdeformed (SD) rotational bands reported in 15 isotopes in this region.1–11 The current status is summarized in Fig. 1, which also indicates the number of bands seen in each isotope.
The proinflammatory response induced by wild-type Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection inhibits survival of yop mutants in the gastrointestinal tract and Peyer's patches.

Single-strain infections and coinfections are frequently used to assess roles of virulence factors in infected tissues. After oral inoculation of mice, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis yopE and yopH mutants colonize the intestines and Peyer's patches in single-strain infections but fail to persist in competition with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis, indicating that these two infection models provide different insights into the roles of Yops. To determine how wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis hinders yop mutant survival, yop mutant colonization and host responses were investigated in several different infection models that isolated specific features of wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis infection. Infection with wild-type Y. pseudotuberculosis caused significantly more inflammation than yop mutants. Results from coinfections of gamma interferon (IFN-γ)−/− mice revealed that IFN-γ-regulated defenses target these mutants, suggesting that YopE and YopH protect Y. pseudotuberculosis from these defenses in BALB/c mice. We developed an oral-intraperitoneal infection model to evaluate the effects of spleen and liver colonization by Y. pseudotuberculosis on yop mutants in the intestines. Spleen and liver infection increased inflammation and decreased yop mutant survival in the intestines, indicating that infection of these organs has consequences in intestinal tissues. Finally, competition infections with Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants with various abilities to induce inflammation demonstrated that survival of the yopE, but not the yopH, mutant was consistently decreased in inflamed tissues. In summary, infection with Y. pseudotuberculosis in intestinal and systemic sites induces intestinal inflammation, which decreases yop mutant survival. Thus, competition studies with wild-type yersiniae reveal critical roles of Yops in combating host responses to a normal virulent infection.
In vivo accuracy and reliability of color-coded image enhancements for the assessment of periradicular lesion dimensions.

Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare dimensions on charge-coupled device–acquired images under various enhancements with dimensions on film radiographs and in vivo dimensions with respect to the linear measurement of periradicular radiolucent lesions. Study Design. The dimensions of 25 lesions imaged by means of a charge-coupled device–based digital receptor and Ektaspeed Plus radiographic film were measured and compared with dimensions as actually measured on impressions of the lesions taken during surgery. Digital images were displayed in unenhanced, equalized, and equalized/color-coded modes. The color-coding protocol was repeated to determine the method error, and each image treatment was also remeasured to determine intrarater reliability. Differences were compared through use of a Friedman 2-way analysis of variance with a follow-up Wilcoxon signed rank test (α = 0.01). Results. Actual lesion dimensions were larger than dimension estimates obtained with digital images (range, 23% to 35%) and film radiographs (range, 29% to 43%). Color-coded images were significantly less accurate than equalized images and unenhanced images. Images equalized through use of the measurement algorithm of the resident software provided estimates that were more accurate than estimates made with film radiographs and a standard millimeter rule. Intrarater variability was low. The application of color coding was found to be unreliable. Conclusions. When applied to intraoral images, color-coded image processing of digital images had limited value in the estimation of periradicular lesional dimensions. (Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88:603-11)
Effects of chronic clomipramine on central DADLE antinociception

Abstract Equipotent antinociceptive doses, as determined by a tail-flick response, for centrally administered (periaqueductal gray) morphine (M) and d -Ala 2 , d -Leu 5 enkephalin (DADLE) were established as 5 μg and 19 μg, respectively. Chronic (28 day) subcutaneous infusion of clomipramine (CMI) via an Alzet minipump attenuated both central M-and DADLE-induced analgesia by day 15; attenuation persisted for the duration of the infusion (day 29). Within 7 days following removal of the pump, antinociceptive responses to M and DADLE returned to near pre-CMI Ievels. Our results indicate a similarity between M and DADLE with regard to attenuation of their antinociceptive action by chronic CMI. This attenuation may be due to decreased mu opioid receptor sensitivity or density resulting from chronic tricyclic antidepressant administration.
Tuning the Sugar-Response of Boronic Acid Block Copolymers

A detailed study of the pH- and sugar-responsive behavior of poly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid pinacol ester)-b-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PAPBAE-b-PDMA) block copolymers is presented. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of the pinacol ester of 3- acrylamidophenylboronic acid resulted in homopolymers with molecular weights between 12,000 and 37,000 g/mol. The resulting homopolymers were employed as macro-chain trans- fer agents during the polymerization of N,N-dimethylacryla- mide (DMA). Successful chain extension and removal of the pinacol protecting groups to yield poly(3-acrylamidophenylbor- onic acid)-b-PDMA (PAPBA-b-PDMA) with free boronic acid moieties resulted in pH- and sugar-responsive block copoly- mers that were subsequently investigated for their behavior in aqueous solution. The PAPBA-b-PDMA block copolymers were capable of solution self-assembly due to the PAPBA block being water-insoluble below its pKa. The resulting aggregates were demonstrated to solubilize and release model hydropho- bic compounds, as demonstrated by fluorescence studies. Dis- sociation of the aggregates was induced by raising the pH above the pKa of the boronic acid residues or by adding sugars capable of forming boronate esters. Aggregate size, dissocia- tion kinetics, and the effect of various sugars were considered. The critical sugar concentration needed to induce aggregate dissociation was tuned by incorporation of hydrophilic DMA units within the PAPBA responsive segment to yield PDMA-b- poly(3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid-co-DMA) block copoly- mers. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 50: 3373-3382, 2012
The dynamics of nuclear receptors and nuclear receptor coregulators in the pathogenesis of endometriosis

background: Endometriosis is defined as the colonization and growth of endometrial tissue at anatomic sites outside the uterine cavity. Up to 15% of reproductive-aged women in the USA suffer from painful symptoms of endometriosis, such as infertility, pelvic pain, menstrual cycle abnormalities and increased risk of certain cancers. However, many of the current clinical treatments for endometriosis are not sufficiently effect- ive and yield unacceptable side effects. There is clearly an urgent need to identify new molecular mechanisms that critically underpin the initiation and progression of endometriosis in order to develop more specific and effective therapeutics which lack the side effects of current therapies. The aim of this review is to discuss how nuclear receptors (NRs) and their coregulators promote the progression of endometriosis. Understanding the pathogenic molecular mechanisms for the genesis and maintenance of endometriosis as modulated by NRs and coregulators can reveal new thera- peutic targets for alternative endometriosis treatments. methods: This review was prepared using published gene expression microarray data sets obtained from patients with endometriosis and published literature on NRs and their coregulators that deal with endometriosis progression. Using the above observations, our current under- standing of how NRs and NR coregulators are involved in the progression of endometriosis is summarized. results: Aberrant levels of NRs and NR coregulators in ectopic endometriosis lesions are associated with the progression of endometriosis. As an example, endometriotic cell-specific alterations in gene expression are correlated with a differential methylation status of the genome com- pared with the normal endometrium. These differential epigenetic regulations can generate favorable cell-specific NR and coregulator milieus for endometriosis progression. Genetic alterations, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertion/deletion polymorphisms of NR and cor- egulator genes, are frequently detected in ectopic lesions compared with the normal endometrium. These genetic variations impart new molecu- lar properties to NRs and coregulators to increase their capacity to stimulate progression of endometriosis. Finally, post-translational modifications of NR coregulators, such as proteolytic processing, generate endometriosis-specific isoforms. Compared with the unmodified coregulators, these coregulator isoforms have unique functions that enhance the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
The roles of Rhodobacter sphaeroides copper chaperones PCuAC and Sco (PrrC) in the assembly of the copper centers of the aa3-type and the cbb3-type cytochrome c oxidases

Abstract The α proteobacter Rhodobacter sphaeroides accumulates two cytochrome c oxidases (C c O) in its cytoplasmic membrane during aerobic growth: a mitochondrial-like aa 3 -type C c O containing a di-copper Cu A center and mono-copper Cu B , plus a cbb 3 -type C c O that contains Cu B but lacks Cu A . Three copper chaperones are located in the periplasm of R. sphaeroides , PCu A C, PrrC (Sco) and Cox11. Cox11 is required to assemble Cu B of the aa 3 -type but not the cbb 3 -type C c O. PrrC is homologous to mitochondrial Sco1; Sco proteins are implicated in Cu A assembly in mitochondria and bacteria, and with Cu B assembly of the cbb 3 -type C c O. PCu A C is present in many bacteria, but not mitochondria. PCu A C of Thermus thermophilus metallates a Cu A center in vitro , but its in vivo function has not been explored. Here, the extent of copper center assembly in the aa 3 - and cbb 3 -type C c Os of R. sphaeroides has been examined in strains lacking PCu A C, PrrC, or both. The absence of either chaperone strongly lowers the accumulation of both C c Os in the cells grown in low concentrations of Cu 2 + . The absence of PrrC has a greater effect than the absence of PCu A C and PCu A C appears to function upstream of PrrC. Analysis of purified aa 3 -type C c O shows that PrrC has a greater effect on the assembly of its Cu A than does PCu A C, and both chaperones have a lesser but significant effect on the assembly of its Cu B even though Cox11 is present. Scenarios for the cellular roles of PCu A C and PrrC are considered. The results are most consistent with a role for PrrC in the capture and delivery of copper to Cu A of the aa 3 -type C c O and to Cu B of the cbb 3 -type C c O, while the predominant role of PCu A C may be to capture and deliver copper to PrrC and Cox11. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biogenesis/Assembly of Respiratory Enzyme Complexes.
Thrombolytic Therapy for Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis

The authors outline a new approach to management of ileofemoral venous thrombosis: direct thrombolysis of the clot; identification of the cause of the thrombosis (usually iliac vein stenosis); then treatment of the obstructive process by balloon dilation, with or without the use of expanded stents; and reestablishment of venous flow.
Characterization of raw egg and poultry handling practices among minority consumers: Identification of unique practices

Purpose – Consumers of minority race/ethnicity in the US experience greater rates of foodborne illness, including Salmonellosis and Campylobacteriosis. Previous focus group research with minority consumers identified food handling and purchasing practices which might increase their risk for foodborne illness. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether practices identified in focus groups were common among a larger sample of the population. Design/methodology/approach – A survey including focus group-derived, culturally themed questions about food handling was developed and administered. Phone surveys were administered in English, Spanish, and Chinese from September-November of 2011 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Findings – Minority consumers were significantly more likely than Caucasian consumers (p < 0.05) to purchase live poultry and to purchase eggs unrefrigerated. Minority consumers were also more likely to report cooking offals and cooking a whole turkey overnight. Washing raw poultry was foun...
A new comorbidities index for risk stratification for treatment of unruptured cerebral aneurysms

OBJECTIVE Comorbidities have an impact on risk stratification for outcomes in analyses of large patient databases. Although the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI) are the most commonly used comorbidity indexes, these have not been validated for patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysms; therefore, the authors created a comorbidity index specific to these patients. METHODS The authors extracted all records involving unruptured cerebral aneurysms treated with clipping, coiling, or both from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2002-2010). They assessed the effect of 37 variables on poor outcome and used the results to create a risk score for these patients. The authors used a validation data set and bootstrapping to evaluate the new index and compared it to CCI and ECI in prediction of poor outcome, mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges. RESULTS The index assigns integer values (-2 to 7) to 20 comorbidities: neurological disorder, renal insufficiency, gastrointestinal bleeding, paralysis, acute myocardial infarction, electrolyte disorder, weight loss, metastatic cancer, drug abuse, arrhythmia, coagulopathy, cerebrovascular accident, psychosis, alcoholism, perivascular disease, valvular disease, tobacco use, hypothyroidism, depression, and hypercholesterolemia. Values are summed to determine a patient's risk score. The new index was better at predicting poor outcome than CCI or ECI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.814 [95% CI 0.798-0.830], vs 0.694 and 0.712, respectively, for the other indices), and it was also better at predicting mortality (AUC 0.775 [95% CI 0.754-0.792], vs 0.635 and 0.657, respectively, for CCI and ECI). CONCLUSIONS This new comorbidity index outperforms the CCI and ECI in predicting poor outcome, mortality, length of stay, and total charges for patients with unruptured cerebral aneurysm. Reevaluation of other patient cohorts is warranted to determine the impact of more accurate patient stratification.
Is Your CAPA System Effective

A corrective and preventive actions (CAPA) system is an essential component of any quality management system, and is an approach intended to correct and prevent problems from recurring or prevent them from ever happening. This article describes key components of a CAPA system, highlights key
Evaluation of Reproductive Status in Atlantic Tripletail by Traditional and Nonlethal Approaches

AbstractReproductive biology information is an important tool for fishery management actions such as the identification of spawning areas and the development of protective size limits, bag limits, and seasons. Such information for the management of Atlantic Tripletail Lobotes surinamensis is currently limited, particularly in the western Atlantic Ocean, as information regarding the reproductive biology of this species is sparse in the published literature. To this end, we determined the reproductive status of tripletail and compared the results of a nonlethal sampling method, plasma vitellogenin (VTG) analysis, with those of two traditional (lethal) methods, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gonad histology. A total of 223 (122 male and 101 female) tripletail were sampled over 2 years near Jekyll Island, Georgia. Gonad histology indicated that 107 (94%) of the male tripletail were in the spawning-capable reproductive phase. Female tripletail were found in all reproductive phases, but only nine (8.9%) were in ...
Learning from EU Law Stories

In EU Law Stories, many of the world’s leading scholars of European Union law revisit the landmark cases of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), engaging not only the doctrinal pronouncements of the Court’s magisterial decisions but also and especially the social, political, cultural, and legal contexts of those decisions. These stories, when taken together with recent historical and sociological scholarship on the Court, provide important new insights about the Court and its many interlocutors. In this concluding chapter, I examine the lessons of EU Law Stories with respect to four of the Court’s key interlocutors: (1) litigants and their lawyers, with their diverse and sometimes surprising motivations, tactics and strategies; (2) national judges, whose decisions to submit preliminary references and apply ECJ rulings were by no means preordained; (3) the European Commission as the Union’s integrationist repeat player; and (4) the member governments which weighed in both before the Court and after its judgments. I conclude (5) with a final discussion of the Court itself, which I argue is beginning to yield some insights into its internal workings, yet remains at its most impenetrable precisely with respect to the specific stories that we want to tell about it.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Classical Stopping Power

Molecular dynamics can provide very accurate tests of classical kinetic theory; for example, unambiguous comparisons can be made for classical particles interacting via a repulsive $1/r$ potential. The plasma stopping power problem, of great interest in its own right, provides an especially stringent test of a velocity-dependent transport property. We have performed large-scale ($\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{4}--{10}^{6}$ particles) molecular dynamics simulations of charged-particle stopping in a classical electron gas that span the weak to moderately strong intratarget coupling regimes. Projectile-target coupling is varied with projectile charge and velocity. Comparisons are made with disparate kinetic theories (both Boltzmann and Lenard-Balescu classes) and fully convergent theories to establish regimes of validity. We extend these various stopping models to improve agreement with the MD data and provide a useful fit to our results.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization's Bid to Transform International Law

This Comment has two principle aims. First, it will argue that the core doctrines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) rest on a problematic legal basis; specifically, that these doctrines contradict well-established human rights norms that SCO members themselves endorsed by treaty. Such norms include non-refoulement (which prohibits the return of refugees to countries where their life or freedom would be threatened), prohibitions against torture and genocide, and the universally accepted right to self-determination with its attendant political, religious, linguistic, ethnic and cultural freedoms. Second, through case studies, this Comment will illustrate the practical results of these SCO doctrines as applied by SCO members. The Comment suggests that the continued application of these doctrines, combined with SCO’s imminent expansion, will transform international and human rights law into a more authoritarian-friendly regime marked less by the rule of law than by the will of state leaders. The remainder of this Comment is organized as follows. Part I uses the 2005 Andijan Massacre as a case study to introduce the way in which SCO members rely on SCO doctrines and obligations to override fundamental international laws. This case provides a context to understand the practical implications and consequences of the legal doctrines that are analyzed in detail in Part III. Part II presents a brief overview of SCO’s background, including its primary objective, origins and impetus, and imminent expansion. Part III analyzes the problematic legal basis of SCO’s core doctrines, including the “Three Evils” doctrine, the “Concept of Cooperation,” its secretive blacklist and information-sharing practices, and the principle of “non-interference in internal affairs.” Part IV moves beyond theory to illustrate through three case studies the actual ways in which SCO’s core doctrines come into conflict with its members’ international legal obligations. Between the three case studies in Part IV and the one in Part I, all six SCO members are included, giving a representative view of the application and impact of SCO’s core doctrines and policies. Part V states a brief conclusion. * Juris Doctor Candidate, 2016, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Provo, UT. INTERNATIONAL LAW & MANAGEMENT REVIEW VOLUME 11
Monitoring results of nitrites in the cooked meat in Xinyang City in 2012

[Objective]To measure the nitrite content in the cooked meat,and understand the situation of nitrites usage in Xiyang City.[Methods]The cooked meat products were collected from special stores,supermarkets and bazaars of municipal districts and tested according to GB 5009.33-2010"Nitrite and Nitrate Determination in Food",and evaluated in line with GB 2760-2011.[Results]A total of 185 meat products were detected in 2012,the qualified rate was 77.84%(144);the qualified rate of nitrite between different sampling sites was not significantly different(χ2 = 0.784,P 0.05);the qualified rate of nitrite between different products was not significantly different(χ2 = 2.764,P 0.05).[Conclusion]The qualified rate of nitrites in the cooked meat is not so optimistic in Xinyang City.The relevant departments should strengthen the monitoring and management,adopt targeted control measures to ensure food safety for consumers and public health.
Option Awareness: The Psychology of What We Consider

The standard economic view suggests that people will commit an action if its expected benefits outweigh its costs. But before people weigh the costs and benefits of an action, what affects whether they think of the action in the first place? We argue that actions are more likely to enter into consideration when they are cognitively accessible. We describe three psychological parameters that influence accessibility: automatic assumptions, identity, and perceptions of privacy. These parameters make it possible to identify new interventions for behavior change.
Cause Analysis and Suggestions for Faults of Instrument and Control System for Thermal Power Plants in Zhejiang Province in 2010

The main causes of unit tripping related to instrument and control(IC) system in thermal power plants in Zhejiang province in 2010 include the faults of software and hardware of control system,faults of on-site equipments,inappropriate maintenance and imperfection of control logic.In order to reduce the faults of the IC system,importance should be attached to the improvement of reliability measures,control logic and management workflow.This paper proposes the preventive measures to decrease faults of the system in 2011 and can serve as a reference for repair and maintenance in power plants.
Bovine pericardial reconstruction of the diaphragm after a heart transplant

Diaphragmatic hernias are a known complication of explanting a left ventricular assist device. The increasing use of left ventricular assist devices has resulted in an increased risk of this complication. We present the case of a patient who presented with diaphragmatic hernias on routine follow-up after a heart transplant. A left thoracotomy was performed to expose and reduce the hernia using a bovine pericardial patch to repair the defect. This biomaterial represents a viable alternative to traditional GORE-TEX patches with the probability of decreased infectious complications.
Independent Evaluation of Waste Package Corrosion Performance Under Potential Repository Conditions

Long-term corrosion performance of the waste package is among the key engineered barrier system attributes of a potential high-level waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Waste package degradation processes are evaluated on the basis of independent investigations conducted at the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses. This paper summarizes the results of laboratory measurements and model analyses focused on uniform, localized, and microbially influenced corrosion, and stress corrosion cracking of Alloy 22 (UNS N06022).
Dynamic Power-Aware Disk Storage Management in Database Servers

Energy consumption has become a first-class optimization goal in design and implementation of data-intensive computing systems. This is particularly true in the design of database management system (DBMS), which was found to be the major consumer of energy in the software stack of modern data centers. Among all database components, the storage system is the most power-hungry element. In this paper, we present our research on designing a power-aware data storage system. To tackle the limitations of the previous work, we introduce a DPM optimization model to minimize power consumption of the disk-based storage system while satisfying given performance requirements. It dynamically determines the state of disks and plans for inter-disk fragment migration to achieve desirable balance between power consumption and query response time. We evaluate our proposed idea by running simulations using several synthetic workloads based on popular TPC benchmarks.
Using Theory to Analyze the Crisis

In Chapter 2, the financial crisis theories of Minsky, Kindleberger, Garrison, and Mishkin were explained. In Chapter 3, the nuances of each of these theories were analyzed relative to one another. In the process, a framework was created that allows us to see how the theories overlap, how they are unique, and how they have common elements but with different degrees of importance within the theory. This chapter essentially returns to the framework from Chapter 3 to determine whether these theories adequately explain the most recent financial crisis. First, the points that are common to all four theories are analyzed relative to recent experience. This will establish whether the commonalities in existing theory remain relevant. Second, those elements in which the theories are in disagreement are empirically evaluated. For example, two theorists, Minsky and Mishkin, argue that the crisis is triggered by endogenous developments, while Kindleberger and Garrison contend that it is exogenous developments which set the stage for a financial crisis. The objective here is the check the empirical data to determine if one perspective is more relevant today than another.
Is it ok to care? How compassion falters and is courageously accomplished in the midst of uncertainty:

This article elaborates the organizational literature’s process theory of compassion – an empathic response to suffering – which falls short of adequately explaining why and how compassion unfolds ...
CREB Regulates Cell Cycle Progression through RFC3-PCNA Axis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia

CREB (cAMP Response Element Binding protein) is a transcription factor overexpressed in normal and neoplastic myelopoiesis and regulates cell cycle progression, although its oncogenic mechanism has not been well characterized. Replication Factor C3 (RFC3), a 38 kDa subunit of the RFC complex, is required for chromatin loading of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) which is a sliding clamp platform for recruiting numerous proteins in DNA replication and repair processes. CREB1 expression was coupled with RFC3 expression during the G1/S progression in the KG-1 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line, suggesting that RFC3 and CREB1 might be target genes of E2F, a key transcriptional regulator of the G1/S progression. Though there were two potential E2F binding sites in the RFC3 promoter region, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays provided no evidence for E2F1 binding to the RFC3 promoter, whereas E2F1 could directly act on the CREB1 expression. Treatment with the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor AT7519 decreased expression of CREB1 and RFC3 as well as well-known E2F target genes such as CCNE1, CCNA2 and CCNB1 in KG-1 cells. These results indicate that CREB1 overexpression, a potentially important prognostic marker in leukemia patients, may be associated with dysregulated CDK-E2F activity in leukemia. There was also a direct correlation between the expression of RFC3 and CREB1 in human AML cell lines as well as in AML cells from patients. CREB interacted directly with the CRE site in RFC3 promoter region. CREB knockdown primarily inhibited G1/S cell cycle transition, decreasing expression of RFC3 as well as PCNA loading onto chromatin. Exogenous expression of RFC3 was sufficient to rescue the impaired G1/S progression and PCNA chromatin loading [Chromatin-bound PCNA-positive cells (%), control vs. CREB-knockdown vs. CREB-knockdown with RFC3 overexpression, 8h after release from mitotic arrest: 66.87 +/– 0.90 vs. 24.77 +/– 0.99 vs. 79.17 +/– 0.12, n=3, p Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Table classification using both structure and content information: A case study of financial documents

Tables are significant document components. Table extraction and classification are critical for us to explore, retrieve and mine knowledge encoded in tables. This paper presents a learning based approach for classifying tables based on their content and structural information, with focus on financial document tables. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on classifying tables in financial domain, and also the first study of table classification based on its semantics, a more fine-grained level than previous studies. The experimental results show that it can effectively classify financial tables. We also analyzed what features are important and how to generate them. The feature identification and generation approach can potentially apply to other domains.
Effect of dietary fiber and diet particle size on nutrient digestibility and gastrointestinal secretory function in growing pigs

Reduction of diet particle size (PS) increases feed efficiency due to an increase in the apparent total tract (ATTD) of GE. However, other effects of PS on the gut secretory function are not known. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to measure the effect of diet composition (DC) and PS on nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal hormones, total bile acids (TBA), total cholesterol and glucose concentrations in plasma of finishing pigs ( = 8/diet). Pigs were fed finely (374 ± 29 µm) or coarsely (631 ± 35 µm) ground corn-soybean meal (CSB), CSB + 35% corn dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS), and CSB with 21% soybean hulls (SBH) diets for 49 d. Diet composition, nutrient digestibility, along with fasting plasma concentrations of gastrin, insulin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), TBA, cholesterol, and glucose were measured. Fine ground diets had greater ( < 0.05) ATTD of GE as well as greater ( < 0.05) ME than coarse ground diets independent on the DC. Fine ground diets also had greater ( < 0.05) ATTD of DM, N, ether extract, and NDF, independent of DC. A decrease in PS also caused an increase ( < 0.05) in ATTD of N, K, and S, but it did not affect ATTD of Ca, P, or Na. The DC and PS affected plasma gastrin, insulin and TBA but not GIP, GLP-1, glucose, and cholesterol. Gastrin concentration was greater ( < 0.05) in pigs fed coarse DDGS compared with feeding coarse CSB and SBH diets. Insulin concentration of pigs fed CSB was greater ( < 0.01) in pigs fed fine compared with coarse DDGS, and was greater ( < 0.05) in coarse compared with fine SBH diets. Pigs fed DDGS had greater ( < 0.05) TBA than those fed SBH and fine CSB diets. Gastrin, insulin, TBA and cholesterol tended ( < 0.10), or correlated ( < 0.05) with P, K and Fe intake. Insulin, TBA, and cholesterol were correlated ( < 0.05) with Na and S intake. In conclusion, a decrease in diet PS increases the ATTD of nutrients independently of DC, while mineral intake affects gastrointestinal secretion of hormones with potential metabolic impacts. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were correlated with DM intake, and glucose was associated with lipid and protein intake. Diet energy, nutrient digestibility, and plasma gastrin, insulin and TBA concentrations were affected by DC and PS.
An Assistive Cobot for Aid in Self Care Activities

Abstract This paper reports on the design and development of a robotic device intended to assist persons with motor impairments. In the new design, assist is not offered in the production of motion of the user’s limb, per the traditional approach using a robot configured as a powered orthosis. Rather, assist is offered in the determination of allowed motion, using the recently developed technology of cobots. A cobot is presented that is capable of guiding (but not producing) motions of the hand in a spherical workspace centered about an elbow resting on a table. Arbitrarily shaped paths embedded with the spherical workspace that feel to the user like guiding channels, say from soup bowl to mouth, may be programmed and user-selected. The cobot is able to produce forces perpendicular to the programmed path to suppress tremor or unintended involuntary movement while, by design, the cobot is unable to produce forces that oppose user motion in the intended directions (along the programmed path). The design of an assistive cobot is presented, and certain aspects of the mechanical and control design are discussed in detail. A numerical analysis and experimental characterization of rolling contact, which is elemental to cobot function, is outlined. Various advantages are expected to accrue from the application of cobots as assistive technology, given that the user remains in command of the basic production of motion.
Social media presence of otolaryngology journals: The past, present, and future

Objectives/Hypothesis Evaluate the use of Twitter by otolaryngology journals and determine the relationship between social media altmetrics and measures of academic impact. Study Design Cross-sectional analysis. Methods Twitter profiles from the top 50 otolaryngology journals per 2016 SCImago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) were included. Twitter activity for each profile was calculated using Twitonomy analytics and Riffle software. Social media influence was measured using Klout scores. Annual SJR rank and H-Index scores between 2008 and 2016 were recorded for each journal. Associations between social media influence and academic indices were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum test, Spearman's rank order test, and Pearson correlation coefficients (α = .05). Results Average SJR was 0.86 ± 0.3 and H-Index was 50.9 ± 24. Eighteen journals had Twitter profiles. Journals with social media accounts had significantly higher SJR (P = .03) and H-Index (P = .01) scores compared to those without. The average Klout score of Twitter profiles was 32.5 ± 13. There was a significant association between a journal's Klout score and SJR rank (P = .004). Older Twitter profiles had higher Klout scores (P = .04). There was a direct relationship between a journal's total Twitter followers and H-Index score (P = .009), and a direct relationship between tweets and academic influence (P = .03 and .01 for SJR and H-Index, respectively). Conclusions Social media is often underutilized and remains an untapped resource by many journals to increase readership and disseminate research. Journals with social media profiles had significantly higher academic metrics, and among journals with profiles, increased online activity was a predictor for academic influence. Future studies are warranted to elucidate causal relationships. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2017
BINDING SITE ANALYSIS OF THE CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS NR4A NUCLEAR RECEPTOR NHR-6 DURING DEVELOPMENT.

Members of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors make up a highly conserved, functionally diverse group of transcription factors implicated in a multitude of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, metabolism and DNA repair. The gene nhr-6, which encodes the sole C.elegans NR4A nuclear receptor homolog, has a critical role in organogenesis and regulates the development of the spermatheca organ system. Our previous work revealed that nhr-6 is required for spermatheca cell divisions in late L3 and early L4 and spermatheca cell differentiation during the mid L4 stage. Here, we utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) to identify NHR-6 binding sites during both the late L3/early L4 and mid L4 developmental stages. Our results revealed 30,745 enriched binding sites for NHR-6, ∼70% of which were within 3 kb upstream of a gene transcription start site. Binding sites for a cohort of candidate target genes with probable functions in spermatheca organogenesis were validated through qPCR. Reproductive and spermatheca phenotypes were also evaluated for these genes following a loss-of-function RNAi screen which revealed several genes with critical functions during spermatheca organogenesis. Our results uncovered a complex nuclear receptor regulatory network whereby NHR-6 regulates multiple cellular processes during spermatheca organogenesis.
The muscle regulatory transcription factor MyoD participates with p53 to directly increase the expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family member PUMA

The muscle regulatory transcription factor MyoD is a master regulator of skeletal myoblast differentiation. We have previously reported that MyoD is also necessary for the elevated expression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2 family member PUMA, and the ensuing apoptosis, that occurs in a subset of myoblasts induced to differentiate. Herein, we report the identification of a functional MyoD binding site within the extended PUMA promoter. In silico analysis of the murine PUMA extended promoter revealed three potential MyoD binding sites within 2 kb of the transcription start site. Expression from a luciferase reporter construct containing this 2 kb fragment was enhanced by activation of MyoD in both myoblasts and fibroblasts and diminished by silencing of MyoD in myoblasts. Experiments utilizing truncated versions of this promoter region revealed that the potential binding site at position - 857 was necessary for expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis confirmed binding of MyoD to the DNA region encompassing position - 857. The increase in MyoD binding to the PUMA promoter as a consequence of culture in differentiation media (DM) was comparable to the increase in MyoD binding at the myogenin promoter and was diminished in myoblasts silenced for MyoD expression. Finally, ChIP analysis using an antibody specific for the transcription factor p53 demonstrated that, in myoblasts silenced for MyoD expression, p53 binding to the PUMA promoter was diminished in response to culture in DM. These data indicate that MyoD plays a direct role in regulating PUMA expression and reveal functional consequences of MyoD expression on p53 mediated transcription of PUMA.