cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyanide Ligand Basicities in Cp‘M(L)2CN Complexes (M = Ru, Fe). Correlation between Heats of Protonation and νCN

Basicities of the cyanide ligands in a series of Cp{prime}M(L){sub 2}CN complexes were investigated by measuring their heats of protonation ({minus}{Delta}H{sub CNH}) by CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}H in 1,2-dichloroethane solution at 25 C to give Cp{prime}M(L){sub 2}(CNH){sup +}CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, in which the N-H{sup +} group is probably hydrogen-bonded to the CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}{sup {minus}} anion. Basicities ({minus}H{sub CNH}) of the CpRu(PR{sub 3}){sub 2}CN complexes increase from 20.5 (PPh{sub 3}) to 22.4 (PMe{sub 3}) kcal/mol with increasing donor abilities of the phosphine ligands. Basicities of all the Cp{prime}Ru(PR{sub 3}){sub 2}CN complexes, where Cp{prime} = Cp or Cp*, are linearly correlated with their vCN values; the nonphosphine complexes, CpRu(1,10-phen)CN and CpRu(COD)CN, do not follow the same correlation. For a large number of Cp{prime}M(L){sub 2}CN complexes (M = Ru, Fe, L{sub 2} = mono- and bidentate phosphines, CO, 1,10-phen, and COD), their vCN values parallel vCN values of their protonated Cp{prime}M(L){sub 2}(CNH){sup +} analogues. Also, {sup 31}P NMR chemical shifts of the unprotonated Cp{prime}M(PR{sub 3}){sub 2}-CN and protonated CpM(PR{sub 3}){sub 2}(CNH){sup +} complexes are linearly related. Despite the high basicity of Ru in Cp*Ru-(PMe{sub 3}){sub 2}Cl (30.2 kcal/mol), the CN{sup {minus}} in Cp*Ru(PMe{sub 3}){sub 2}CN (25 kcal/mol) is the site of protonation;more » factors that determine whether protonation occurs at the Ru or the CN{sup {minus}} are discussed.« less
Group Counseling for Speech Anxiety: An Approach and a Rationale

This paper describes a program of group counseling for speech anxiety (sometimes called “stage fright”) which is based upon theory and research in the general area of group counseling and therapy. The suggested approach is supported by a rationale based upon existing research on the problem of speech anxiety.
A case of insensitivity to pain without anhidrosis: a new syndrome?

Case Report: A 20-year-old man presented for evaluation following an episode of painless injury in which he almost amputated his thumb. Upon further questioning, the patient reported he rarely experienced physical (including visceral) pain and his mother provided support to his history recalling incidents occurring as a child. He does not experience itching either. His neurologic and general medical history was otherwise negative. His neurologic and general examination were unremarkable except for the inability to perceive painful (pinprick, pressure on Achilles’ tendons), hot and cold stimuli over his entire body, with some relative sparing over his chest, abdomen and back. Nerve conduction studies and needle examinations were normal. Quantitative sensory testing revealed normal threshold to vibration, relatively elevated threshold to cold and insensitivity to heat and pain. Autonomic reflex screen and thermoregulatory sweat test were normal. Sural nerve biopsy showed normal myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. MRI of head and cervical spine, and extensive laboratory testing were unremarkable. Conclusion: This patient differs from any other case described in the literature of pain insensitivity or pain indifference. Suspecting a central pathology, we prescribed naltrexone and retested his heat-pain sensation after treatment. He perceived the probe as hotter. Unfortunately, he suffered unacceptable dysthymia from the medication and stopped it.
Neuroticism and Extraversion as Predictors of Health Outcomes in Depressed Primary Care Patients

Depressed primary care patients (N = 217) were assessed to determine if certain personality characteristics predict health domains independent of chronic disease, demographics, depression, and psychiatric diagnoses. Eleven health variables were used to create three outcome factor scores: disability (e.g., days missed work); somatization (e.g., medically unexplained symptoms); and subjective pain (severity, interference). Neuroticism explained significant variance in all health outcomes independent of the other predictors. Depression and neuroticism interacted in the disability and pain models. Depression was related to health in neurotic patients, while in the absence of neuroticism, little relation between depression and health was observed. Neuroticism may explain why persons with similar health problems have differing levels of disability, pain, and somatization.
Load balancing on message passing architectures

Many natural processes are best modeled by dynamic, Monte Carlo type algorithms. When parallelizing these, several problems emerge. One potential problem is a low overall efficiency due to an imbalanced work load. This paper describes the implementation of a testbed for load balancing techniques. This testbed is used for different static and dynamic strategies for balancing the work load of an iPSC/2 implementation of a simple simulation of population evolution. One of the new techniques described here is a decentralized direct method, which joins advantages of local and global strategies. In making comparisons between the different balancing methods, a clear separation was made between the work load (the algorithm solving a given problem, here a population simulation) and the balancer. The feasibility of this separation implies that the burden of developing an appropriate load balancer for a given algorithm may be removed from the programmer. The experience gained regarding load balancing for this class of problems will help guide the development of automated techniques for load balancing, either by an operating system or by a run-time system for a highlevel language.
Energy Strategy Planning for Electric Utilities Part I, Smarte Methodology

Power system planners today face a radically different environment from that of twenty years ago. Long-term trends are changing dramatically, uncertainty is greater and more pervasive, and a host of priorities conflict. Existing planning tools are inadequate in this set of circumstances. This paper presents a new planning methodology, based on simulation, modeling and regression, and trade-off evaluation (SMARTE). SMARTE is an approach of great generality which overcomes limitations of existing simulation programs as well as present optimal planning packages.
A comparison of four self-report smoking cessation outcome measures.

Interventions for smoking cessation have been developed by researchers in a number of distinct disciplines. As a result, a variety of different outcome measures have been developed and employed. This paper will report an analysis that compares four smoking cessation outcome measures on data gathered from three population-based studies: (1) 24-hour point prevalence abstinence, (2) 7-day point prevalence abstinence, (3) 30-day prolonged abstinence, and (4) 6-month prolonged abstinence. The three studies provided a total of 41 mean estimates for the first three measures but only 28 mean estimates for the 6-month prolonged abstinence measure. The data demonstrate an extremely high relationship between all four measures. The first three measures (24-hour point prevalence, 7-day point prevalence, and 30-day prolonged abstinence) all correlated in excess of .98 with each other. The only measure that did not demonstrate the same degree of almost perfect equivalence was 6-month prolonged abstinence, but even here the lowest correlation with the other three measures was .82. For practical purposes, the first three measures will result in the same conclusions when used as outcome measures in smoking cessation studies.
Sequencing systemic therapies for metastatic kidney cancer.

Defining the appropriate sequencing of therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has become increasingly complex in recent years given the approval of multiple targeted therapies. These targeted therapies fall into 2 broad mechanistic categories: (1) inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and (2) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-directed agents. In the current manuscript, data from relevant trials are reviewed to provide a context in which to use these agents across the first- and second-line setting. Strategies to incorporate promising agents currently in late stage development for mRCC are also described. Currently, there is no consensus as to the optimal sequence of therapies for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). While interleukin-2 (IL-2) and temsirolimus are potential considerations for selected patients in the first-line setting, the majority of patients in this setting are likely candidates for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-directed therapies. Specifically, these therapies include sunitinib, pazopanib, and bevacizumab/interferon-α. Using the comparative data discussed herein, the relative merits of each should be discussed. In the second-line setting (following VEGF-directed therapy), axitinib, and everolimus are supported by phase III data. There is no data directly comparing the 2 agents—however, studies reviewed in the current manuscript (comparing VEGF- and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]-directed approaches in the second-line setting) can potentially be used to inform clinical decision making.
SpiderWeb algorithm for surface construction in noisy volume data (Proceedings Only)

The `SpiderWeb'' is an algorithm that constructs an oriented, manifold, and unbounded triangle mesh isosurface in noisy volume data. The surface normals consistently point outward in the direction of lower density. Each triangle is edge adjacent to precisely one other triangle. Because of this property, there can be no artifactual `holes'' or `tears'' in the surface. The surface is constructed using only local information and has these global properties. SpiderWeb''s main application is surface construction in noisy MRI and ultrasound data. The constructed surface is appropriate for modeling brain anatomy geometry for further functional modeling applications.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multicomponent film-penetration theory with linearized kinetics—II. Particular cases and tests

The matrix results required for the evaluation of all interfacial flows at the film theory limit are presented for the multiple reaction system A → C ⇄ B with linear kinetics and the single reaction system A + 2B ⇄ C with linearized kinetics. The yield of C is calculated in the former case and the enhancement factor for A is calculated in the latter case when B is nonvolatile and the reaction is irreversible. The single reaction, A + 2B ⇄ C, as well as A + B ⇄ C + D, is considered further for testing the linearized solution against the exact numerical calculations of the enhancement factor with the nonlinear kinetics. The results indicate that the linearization theory can be applied with a maximum error of 10 per cent and, in most cases, with a considerably smaller error over the complete range of gas—liquid contact times.
Universal form of Hall coefficient in K and Rb doped single crystal C60.

We report the first Hall effect measurements on K and Rb doped single crystals of C[sub 60]. The temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient [ital R][sub [ital H]] for each material and the variation in [ital R][sub [ital H]] [ital between] the two materials can be accounted for solely by the variations in lattice constant, yielding a universal relationship of [ital R][sub [ital H]] versus lattice constant for the alkali-doped C[sub 60] systems. The results are interpreted in the context of a strongly disordered system in which the Hall coefficient is sensitive to disorder broadening at the Fermi energy.
Velocity of cavitation bubbles in uniform flowfield high and low Reynolds number

AGASEOUS bubble caused by the tip cavitation of a propeller blade operating in a uniform flowfield environment experiences a drag force in relation to its angular velocity and a thrust force in the axial direction. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented that studies propagation of the gaseous bubble at low and high Reynolds number cases. The temporal and the spatial profile velocity variations are presented. The time constants involved in both regimes are obtained. The velocity variations are shown to be exponential for the low Reynolds number case and algebraic for the high Reynolds number case. Contents When a propeller operates in an underwater environment at high revolutions, cavitation will occur. Three different types of cavitation can occur: 1) hub cavitation, 2) blade cavitation, and 3) tip cavitation. In this paper, tip cavitation will be considered. Tip cavitation produces tip vortices of entrained gases that propagate downstream in a helical motion. The rate at which the cavitation gases propagate downstream is a function of propeller geometry, flowfield, and the geometry of the cavitation gases. The three different types of cavitation that can exist are 1) individual spherical bubbles of equal size, 2) individual bubbles of different sizes, and 3) train of gas shaped in cylindrical form. In this paper, it will be assumed that the cavitation bubbles are spherical and the shape does not change as a function of time. The motion of air bubbles in a fluid has been investigated by a variety of authors with numerous articles being presented by Lauterborn.1 Individual gaseous bubbles will be assumed to be moving in a flowfield, and interactions between successive bubbles will be neglected. The bubble is assumed to move with velocity V, whereas the flowfield has a velocity U. The effect of the added mass and the mass of the displaced fluid have to be considered in the general governing equation. The governing equation of motion is the conservation of momentum equation as given by Newman2 dV dV
Conditioned taste aversion and drugs of abuse: History and interpretation

Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) learning describes a phenomenon wherein an animal learns to avoid consumption of a particular taste or food following its pairing with an aversive stimulus. Although initially demonstrated with radiation and classical emetics, CTAs have also been shown with drugs of abuse. The ability of rewarding drugs to support CTA learning was described as paradoxical by many investigators, and a number of attempts have been made to resolve this paradox. The present review offers a historical perspective on the CTA literature with a particular focus on CTAs induced by self-administered drugs. Specifically, this review describes and summarizes several interpretations of CTA learning that offer possible mechanisms by which drugs of abuse support CTAs, including sickness, drug novelty, reward comparison and conditioned fear. It is concluded that the reported "paradox" is no paradox at all in that drugs of abuse are complex pharmacological compounds that produce multiple stimulus effects, not all of which are positive reinforcing. Finally, a possible role of drug aversion in drug self-administration is discussed.
Identification of Proteins in Vesicle Fluid

!The technics of immunochemistry and zone electrophoresis in various media now enable complex mixtures of soluble proteins to be separated into many more components than formerly was possible. In blood serum, for example, only five or six distinct protein populations could be demonstrated until a few years ago, but now between 20 and 30 proteins can be distinguished electro-phoretically. These electrophoretically separated proteins can be further differentiated by the production of precipitates by chemical or immunological means. Since no more than four or five different globulins had, until recently, been demonstrated in vesicle fluid, these new methods have been employed to examine natural and experimental blister content in the work recorded here.
Kainic acid induced limbic seizures: metabolic, behavioral, electroencephalographic and neuropathological correlates

Increasing amounts (0.3–12 mg/kg) of kainic acid (KA) were given intravenously to rats and behavioral, electrographic, 2-deoxyglucose autoradiographic and neuropathologic responses were studied. A dose of 12 mg/kg kainic acid caused a stereo-typed sequence of staring spells, wet dog shakes, automatisms — mild limbic convulsions and severe limbic convulsions (rearing, bilateral upper extremity clonus, falling and salivation) that developed over 1–2 h. Smaller doses showed different thresholds for these behavioral phenomena but a similar time course of development. Electrographic seizures in limbic areas were similar to afterdischarges produced with electrical stimulation and their threshold was 4 mg/kg. The earliest electrical changes occurred in the hippocampus and were accompanied by staring spells. Subsequently seizures were synchronized in limbic centers during which mild convulsive activity was seen. Finally electrical seizures appeared in both limbic and surface leads, coincident with severe convulsions. Quantitative deoxyglucose autoradiography showed that the hippocampul CA3 region was most sensitive to metabolic changes. Mild limbic convulsions were associated with increased glucose utilization in the hippocampus, subiculum, pyriform and entorhinal cortices, septum and amygdala. Severe limbic convulsions led to even larger changes in these areas as well as the substantia nigra and part of the thalamus. Neuronal damage was seen without systemic metabolic derangements with a threshold of 7 mg/kg. The regions of neuropathology overlapped with areas of intense seizure activity. These data show that systemic kainic acid preferentially activates seizures in the limbic system, particularly the hippocampus, and that different behavioral concomitants of limbic seizures depend on specific patterns of activation of limbic and extra limbic circuits. A scheme for the anatomic spread of seizures in limbic and non-limbic structures is proposed. A state of ‘limbic status’ underlies the neurotoxicity of kainic acid.
Atomic ordering transition in FeCo

Atomic ordering in equiatomic iron-cobalt was investigated using M\"ossbauer spectroscopy of quenched samples. The order-disorder transition at 730 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C and the "550 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C anomaly" were observed. A statistical phenomenological model was used to determine the temperature dependence of the short-range order parameter; the critical index $\ensuremath{\beta}$ was found to be 0.324 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.016.
A comparison of the water balance characteristics of temperate and tropical fly pupae

Water balance characteristics of temperate zone fly pupae are compared with the characteristics of flies inhabiting the tropics. The flies, all of which were reared without diapause, had very similar equilibrium weights that were quite high (av 0.90-0.92), thus implying a limited capacity to absorb water from a subsaturated atmosphere. Likewise, the critical transition temperatures (CTT) were nearly the same for all the flies. Net transpiration rates at 20oC are a function of size, but the rate is less size dependent as temperature increases. When water loss is examined across a broad temperature range, as described by activation energies, it is apparent that the tropical flies lose water at a greater rate than their temperate zone counterparts. Activation energy may be a good parameter to use in evaluating habitat preference and suitability for a species because it describes water loss as a function of temperature, and thus is likely to be a good indicator of the insect's response to the fluctuating temperatures that occur naturally.
Restaurant Revenue Management at Chevys: Determining the Best Table Mix

Revenue management has been used in a variety of industries and generally takes the form of managing demand by manipulating length of customer usage and price. Supply mix is rarely considered, although it can have considerable impact on revenue. In this research, we focused on developing an optimal supply mix, specifically on determining the supply mix that would maximize revenue. We used data from a Chevys restaurant, part of a large chain of Mexican restaurants, in conjunction with a simulation model to evaluate and enumerate all possible supply (table) mixes. Compared to the restaurant's existing table mix, the optimal mix is capable of handling a 30% increase in customer volume without increasing waiting times beyond their original levels. While our study was in a restaurant context, the results of this research are applicable to other service businesses.
Cytogenetic analysis of collagenase-releasing rabbit VX-2 carcinoma-derived cells

Primary cultures of rabbit VX-2 carcinoma appeared to be heterogeneous, containing at least two morphologically distinct cell types, fibroblast-like cells (F cells) and epithelioid cells (E cells). Ultrastructural studies suggested that the E cells were of epithelial origin, whereas the F cells did not differ significantly from normal rabbit fibroblasts. Cytogenetic studies showed that the E cells were characterized by numerical and structural chromosomal changes which remained constant subsequent to serial in vitro culture and in vivo transplants in rabbits. Analysis of G-banded chromosomes from E cells revealed a modal number of 54 with relatively few normal chromosomes and a variety of distinctive, mostly unidentifiable marker chromosomes. The origin of only four marker chromosomes could be partially determined. The ratio of normal to marker chromosomes remained relatively constant following serial transplants in rabbits. The F cells appeared to be derived mainly from host tissue, as they contained a normal diploid complement with sex chromosomes corresponding to the sex of the host.
Two-Year College Classifications Based on Institutional Control, Geography, Governance, and Size.

In this chapter, the author proposes a classification scheme based on institutional control, geography, governance, and size in order to capture the diversity of two-year colleges in the United States.
Responsiveness to Reform Values: The Influence of the Environment on Performance Information Use

Administrative reforms encode a set of behavioral expectations for bureaucrats to follow. The authors argue that scholars can usefully contribute to understanding accountability by studying whether bureaucrats follow these expectations and what factors encourage such responsiveness to reform values. To demonstrate this approach, the authors examine performance infor-mation use as a behavioral measure of responsiveness to results-based reforms. Using a sample of Texas school superintendents, they find that general openness to the environment goes hand in hand with responsiveness to reform values. The authors propose that such a pattern will hold when reform values align with environmental preferences. The perceived influence of stakeholders, networking with stakeholders, and reliance on partnerships all positively predict performance information use. Environments marked by student diversity and stakeholder conflict also correlate with higher use of performance data, while capacity, less managerial experience, and a unified organizational culture correlate positively with higher reported performance information use.
Outside Funding and the Dynamics of Participation in Community Associations

This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Outside funding and the dynamics of participation in community associations in Kenya. The study observed that the poor and disadvantaged are widely seen as having weak organizations and low rates of participation in community associations, impeding their political representation and economic advancement. Many policy initiatives aim to build civic participation among the disadvantaged by funding local community associations. Outside funding changed the nature of membership and leadership in women's community organizations in a way that weakened the role of the disadvantaged. There were new entrants in the treatment group who had higher levels of education and income. There is some evidence that treatment groups experienced more changes in leadership. Funding for the study derived from Social Capital Initiative, NBER.
Unilateral vs bilateral symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: associations between pain intensity and function

Objective. The objective of this study was to determine if associations between pain distribution (unilateral vs bilateral) and measures of function (self-report vs performance-based) were influenced by knee pain intensity of the painful knee(s) in persons with moderate to severe symptomatic knee OA. Methods. Data from persons in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) dataset (n = 852) with symptomatic knee OA were studied. Key dependent variables were the WOMAC physical function, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) quality of life, the repeated chair stand test and the 20-m walk test. In addition to covariates, the independent variables were the presence of unilateral or bilateral OA involvement (either Kellgren and Lawrence grade 3 or 4 or a grade <3) and pain category (mild, moderate or severe). Results. WOMAC physical function scores consistently showed the strongest association with pain intensity for persons with unilateral vs bilateral knee pain. For example, in persons with unilateral severe knee pain, WOMAC scores averaged 19.9 (s.d. = 12.0) points while persons with bilateral knee pain with at least one knee rated as severe had WOMAC scores ranging from 25.3 to 28.9, depending on pain severity of the contralateral knee. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001) as was the test for trend (P = 0.001). Self-report measures generally showed larger effect sizes than performance-based measures. Conclusion. Knee pain intensity influences self-report and performance-based tests differently depending on whether knee pain is unilateral or bilateral. WOMAC scores are most strongly associated with pain intensity in persons with unilateral vs bilateral pain while walking tests are least influenced by pain intensity.
The Least Glorious, Most Local, Most Trivial, Homely, Provincial, and Most Ignored Form of Local Government

Scholars in the area of state and local government, for the most part, ignore local governments called towns and townships, write them off as insignificant, or assume they will wither away and disappear over the next few years. Yet, these presumably insignificant local governments serve 51 million residents, nearly half the population of township states, and are of increasing importance as local governing bodies in urban and suburban areas. The activities of township governments range from providing very limited service to acting as full-scale municipal corporations that provide all local public schools and even county-type services.
PRACTICAL EXPERIENCES OF HYGIENE CONTROL USING ATP‐BIOLUMINESCENCE

Results from traditional swab methods of determining plant hygiene are not avallable for at least two days (usually longer) and are, therefore, retrospective. The ATP-Bioluminescence hygiene assay gives “instant” results, and “failed” plant can be recleaned before it is used. Comparative trials between the swab and ATP-Bioluminescence assays were used to set pass/fall categories based on the ability of the CIP systems and a 84% agreement was obtained. A dual approach to plant hygiene was adopted: each individual item of plant examined must pass the assay before it can be used, and in those areas were it is not feasible to examine every item of plant a representative number of examinations are performed each week. The use of a database/spreadsheet programme has enabled the results to be analysed at different levels (eg. by department, type of plant, individual vessel) and in the form of trends graphs. Through this approach it has become possible to monitor cleaning efficiency over time and, also, to identify and rectify problem areas. Results over two years have shown a significant improvement in the hygiene and cleanliness of the plant which could only have a beneficial effect on the quality of the product.
The college student psychiatric emergency: a descriptive study.

Abstract The authors utilized computerized records of a psychiatric emergency department to study the nature of psychiatric emergencies among college students. The 1156 visits made by students over an eight-year period are described using demographic variables, times of visit, and accompaniment. Implications of the findings for campus administrators and mental health service providers are discussed.
A low-noise receiver for multichannel wireless neural recording

We present a high performance wideband receiver for multichannel wireless implantable neural recording systems (WINeR) utilizing pulse width modulation of time division multiplexed (PWM-TDM) samples. The receiver consists of a 50 MHz ∼ 1 GHz tunable down-converter with 75 MHz bandwidth, frequency shift keying and PWM demodulators, and a high throughput USB interface. Several IF gain stages, passive LC filters, and an FPGA-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) with time interval resolution of 428 ps have significantly enhanced the receiver performance and extended its receiving range. A 2 MB SDRAM is used as a buffer between the TDC and USB to ensure continuous throughput for the digitized raw data at data rates up to 10 Mb/s. The receiver performance is evaluated with a 6-channel WINeR transmitter, showing that the entire system input referred noise with this receiver is 9.8 and 12.7 μV rms at 0.5 and 3.5 m distances, respectively, which are equivalent to 8.2 and 7.9 bits of resolution at 640 ksample/s.
Fault-tolerant distributed garbage collection in a client-server object-oriented database

We present a scalable garbage collection scheme for systems that store objects at multiple servers while clients run transactions on locally cached copies of objects. It is the first scheme that provides fault tolerance for such a system: Servers recover from failures and retrieve information needed for safe garbage collection; clients do not recover from failures, yet the scheme is able to reclaim objects referenced only from failed clients. The scheme is optimized to reduce overhead on common client operations, and it provides fault tolerance by doing work in the background and during client operations that are infrequent. >
Quality of Diabetes Mellitus Care by Rural Primary Care Physicians.

Purpose To explore the relationship between degree of rurality and glucose (hemoglobin A1c), blood pressure (BP), and lipid (LDL) control among patients with diabetes.
Effects of Dietary Energy and Protein and Feeding Time on Broiler Performance

Abstract Seven trials, using commercial broiler chicks, were conducted to determine the effects of varying dietary energy and protein levels in combination with feeding time on growth, feed conversion, body composition, and energy and protein consumption. In three trials, diets containing 23% protein were fed in combination with energy levels of 3100, 3400, or 3700 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/kg. Four trials utilized diets containing 3400 kcal ME/kg in combination with protein levels of 23, 27, and 31%. The restricted feeding programs provided meals of 15 min duration either once every 2 hr or once every 4 hr, with control s receiving feed ad libitum. All trials were conducted from 2 to 8 weeks of age with weights and feed consumption determined at 2-week intervals. Increasing the dietary energy from 3100 to 3400 kcal ME/kg negated the weight depressing effects of restricted feeding. Higher energy diets provided better feed conversion, which was not affected by feeding time, while increases in dietary protein, along with changes in feeding time, significantly affected feed conversion.
ΔI DDQ testing of a 12-bit recycling architecture based ADC

In this paper, we present a built-in current sensor (BICS) for ΔIDDQ based testing that takes into account increased background current of defect-free circuits. A 12-bit recycling architecture based analog-to-digital converter (ADC), designed for operation at 2.5 V in 0.5 μm n-well CMOS process has been used as the CUT.
Absence of Troponin I Degradation or Altered Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Uptake Protein Expression After Reversible Ischemia in Swine

The findings of troponin I (TnI) proteolysis (in isolated rat hearts) and induction of selected sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium-regulatory genes (after repetitive total coronary occlusions in swine) have given rise to the hypothesis that the time course of functional recovery of stunned myocardium reflects the resynthesis of reversibly damaged proteins. Although stunning occurs after brief total occlusions and prolonged partial occlusions (ie, short-term hibernation), the time course of functional recovery varies from a few hours to several days, suggesting that the severity of protein damage or mechanisms responsible for the dysfunction may differ. To study this, we examined SR gene expression and TnI degradation in stunned myocardium produced by 10-minute total left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusions (n=4) or 1-hour partial LAD occlusions, in which flow was reduced to approximately 50% of control values for 60 minutes (n=6) in swine. One hour after reperfusion, LAD wall thickening was severely depressed in both models despite normal perfusion and no triphenyltetrazolium chloride evidence of necrosis. Normal myocardium exhibited TnI immunoreactivity at 31 kDa and a weak secondary band at 27 kDa. Irreversible injury or calpain activation in vitro produced a marked increase in the intensity of the 27-kDa band, consistent with TnI degradation. Stunned myocardium demonstrated no change in the 31- or the 27-kDa band, and the percentage of the 27- to 31-kDa band remained constant after 10-minute total occlusions (LAD, 5.9+/-0.9%; normal, 4.9+/-1.6%) and 1-hour partial occlusions (LAD, 8.5+/-1.9%; normal, 7.3+/-1.4%) and in sham controls (LAD, 10.9+/-1.5%; normal, 9.8+/-1.4%). Northern analysis showed no alterations in TnI or SR gene expression, but the stress protein HSP-70 was variably induced. Thus, stunned myocardium occurs without TnI degradation or altered SR gene expression, indicating that additional mechanisms are responsible for the reversible dysfunction after single episodes of regional ischemia in swine.
Analysis of Monoclonal Antibody Sequence and Post-translational Modifications by Time-controlled Proteolysis and Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Methodology for sequence analysis of ∼150 kDa monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including location of post-translational modifications and disulfide bonds, is described. Limited digestion of fully denatured (reduced and alkylated) antibody was accomplished in seconds by flowing a sample in 8murea at a controlled flow rate through a micro column reactor containing immobilized aspergillopepsin I. The resulting product mixture containing 3-9 kDa peptides was then fractionated by capillary column liquid chromatography and analyzed on-line by both electron-transfer dissociation and collisionally activated dissociation mass spectrometry (MS). This approach enabled identification of peptides that cover the complete sequence of a murine mAb. With customized tandem MS and ProSightPC Biomarker search, we verified 95% amino acid residues of this mAb and identified numerous post-translational modifications (oxidized methionine, pyroglutamylation, deamidation of Asn, and several forms ofN-linked glycosylation). For disulfide bond location, native mAb is subjected to the same procedure but with longer digestion times controlled by sample flow rate through the micro column reactor. Release of disulfide containing peptides from accessible regions of the folded antibody occurs with short digestion times. Release of those in the interior of the molecule requires longer digestion times. The identity of two peptides connected by a disulfide bond is determined using a combination of electron-transfer dissociation and ion-ion proton transfer chemistry to read the two N-terminal and two C-terminal sequences of the connected peptides.
Diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cryptogenic stroke

Despite many advances in our understanding of ischemic stroke, cryptogenic strokes (those that do not have a determined etiology) remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Previous classification approaches to cryptogenic stroke have led to inconsistent definitions, and evidence to determine optimal treatment is scarce. These limitations have prompted international efforts to redefine cryptogenic strokes, leading to more rigorous diagnostic criteria, outcome studies, and new clinical trials. Improvement in our ability to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic stroke has strengthened the idea that these strokes are embolic in nature. Further, better understanding of acute biomarkers has helped to identify otherwise occult mechanisms. Together, these strategies will inform long-term outcomes and shape management.
The folsom (paleoindian) type site: Past investigations, current studies

Research on the Folsom Paleoindian type site, involving renewed field investigations and an analysis of extant collections from the 1920s excavations, was undertaken between 1997 and 2000. The preliminary results of that research show that all excavations to date have been in the kill area, which took place in a small and relatively shallow tributary to the Pleistocene paleovalley of Wild Horse Arroyo as well as in the paleovalley itself. Preliminary butchering of ∼32 Bison antiquus took place near where the animals were dropped. The kill area is dominated by low-utility bone elements and broken projectile points; high-utility bones and tools for processing meat and hides are rare or absent, and either occur in another, as-yet undiscovered area of the site, or altogether off-site. Faunal remains are generally in excellent condition. Those in the tributary are mostly in primary context, and underwent rapid burial beneath fine-grained (dominantly aeolian) sediments, which in turn were subsequently armored by a shingle shale; those in the paleovalley experienced postdepositional transport and redeposition. The small lithic assemblage is dominated by projectile points and comprised of material mostly from two sources in the Texas panhandle, several hundred kilometers southeast of the site. It also includes stone obtained from sources at comparable distances north and northwest of the site. A series of radiocarbon ages is available for the stratigraphic units, nearly all from charcoal of non-cultural origins; radiocarbon dates on bison bone put the age of the kill at 10,500 B.P.
Light Induced Self-organization of Metal Nanoparticles in TiO2 Probed with Intense Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses

Sources of intense femtosecond pulses at short wavelengths such as high intensity high harmonic sources are intense enough to drive a sizable fraction (>10%) of a sample to a well-defined excited state or to a coherent superposition of states. These dynamically evolving excited states can then be probed with pump-probe, multi-color or non-linear photoionization techniques. In general electronic excited states are short lived. The most important tool necessary to carry out this task is high harmonic sources optimized for producing very intense short pulses of EUV photons in the 5 - 60 eV energy range. We will present the application of the intense EUV pulses to study femtosecond dynamics of molecules such as methanol, carbon dioxide and ethylene in the gas as well as light induced self-organization of nanoparticles at interfaces. We use a variety of techniques including time-of-flight, electron spectroscopy and velocity map imaging to unravel the ultrafast chemical dynamics. Article not available.
Urinuntersuchung beim Kleinsäuger – so einfach und doch so aussagekräftig

Obwohl die Urinuntersuchung beim Kleinsauger einfach und kostengunstig durchzufuhren ist, wird sie doch viel zu selten in der Praxis genutzt. Dabei liefert sie schnell Antworten sowohl auf typische Fragen (z. B. Blut im Urin oder Kalziumstatus) als auch auf uberlebenswichtige prognostische Fragen (wie Nierenfunktion und Saure-Basen-Haushalt) und kann Hinweise auf systemische Krankheiten geben (z. B. Diabetes mellitus und Ketoazidose).
Usefulness of molecular detection of human herpesvirus-8 in the diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma by fine-needle aspiration.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a multifocal angioproliferative disorder, occurs most commonly in patients with AIDS, in whom it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. KS is often in the differential diagnosis in HIV-infected patients undergoing fine-needle aspiration (FNA). FN A diagnosis of KS is usually made by morphologic observation of scant tissue fragments composed of bland spindle cells and crush artifact. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has been identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA samples isolated from various epidemiologic forms of KS. In an attempt to improve the accuracy of KS diagnosis by FNA, we analyzed for the presence of HHV-8 DNA in 13 spindle-cell lesions evaluated by FNA: KS, 8 cases; granulomatous inflammation due to Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare , 1; nodular fasciitis, 1; dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 1; dermatofibroma, 1; benign spindle-cell lesion of nerve sheath origin, 1; and 2 lesions with lymphoid hyperplasia. DNA isolated from archival Wright-Giemsa–stained glass slides was used for the PCR amplification of the HHV-8 DNA sequences. All of the cases diagnosed as KS and I of the lymphoid hyperplasia cases were PCR-positive for HHV-8 DNA, while all other cases of spindle-cell lesions were negative. The molecular demonstration of HHV-8 DNA may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of KS by FNA.
Study on Infrared Spectroscopy of Polyethylene Film Material

Infrared absorption spectroscopy has been widely used in many fields due to it has many advantages.IR spectrum method is often used to characterize the properties qualitatively and quantitatively of film,synthetic fiber,rubber,plastic and other polymer researches for the monomer,polymer and additive.Generally,there are a lot of bands in IR spectra of polymers,and different types of the material have different spectral characteristic.Additionally,the preparation and experimental techniques of IR spectra are relatively simple,thus it can apply to a variety of samples.In this study,polymer film material was used as the samples and IR spectra investigation was characterized on the samples.Different IR spectra have different characteristic absorption peaks,so it is possible to distinguish different samples with IR results.The strongest absorption bands of the spectrum are divided into six regions,according to the position,peak shape,and relative intensity of absorption peak to analyze the IR results.The results revealed that the polymer samples used in this study mainly is composed of polyethylene,indicating that it is very effective to identify the composition of polymers by infrared spectroscopy method.
Prosocial Behaviors of Black Adolescent Boys: An Application of a Sociopolitical Development Theory:

Sociopolitical development theory asserts that critical social analysis informs prosocial behaviors. We suggest that one aspect of Black adolescents’ critical social analysis development is an oppression analysis, in which Black adolescents consider (1) the importance of race to they are, (2) their personal feelings about their racial group, and (3) the experience of oppression for minority groups. The current study examined oppression analysis as a latent construct among a sample of 265 Black male adolescents in Grades 7 to 10 from three suburban districts in the Midwestern United States. Structural equation modeling revealed that received parental racial pride messages, but not school-based discrimination experiences, predicted Black male adolescents’ oppression analysis. An oppression analysis and school-based discrimination had direct effects on prosocial behaviors. Racial pride messages had an indirect effect on prosocial behaviors through oppression analysis. In addition, an oppression analysis had ...
The Comparative Sociology of Environmental Economics in the Works of Henry Carey and Karl Marx

AbstractSets out the views first of Henry Carey and then of Karl Marx on the significance of resource scarcity for the economic development of advanced capitalist societies. Concludes that both emp...
Implementing Teacher Evaluation: Lattice of Leadership.

This case study describes how all leaders in one elementary school focused their collective work implementing a dramatically changed, state-mandated teacher-evaluation system. The article describes how multiple leaders created new professional development structures based on staff feedback and adapted exiting professional development structures to focus on student achievement. Findings indicate that strongly held collective leadership beliefs and values are interwoven with professional development structures in an intertwined lattice of leadership.
URBAN DISPLACEMENT AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES: THE CASE OF THE AMERICAN CITY FROM THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY

How can urban redevelopment benefit existing low-income communities? The history of urban redevelopment is one of disruption of poor communities. Renewal historically offered benefits to the place while pushing out the people. In some cases, displacement is intentional, in others it is unintentional. Often, it is the byproduct of the quest for profits. Regardless of motives, traditional communities, defined by cultural connections, are often disrupted. Disadvantaged neighborhoods include vacant units, which diminish the community and hold back investment. In the postwar period, American cities entered into a program of urban renewal. While this program cleared blight, it also drove displacement among the cities’ poorest and was particularly hard on minority populations clustered in downtown slums. The consequences of these decisions continue to play out today. Concentration of poverty is increasing and American cities are becoming more segregated. As neighborhoods improve, poorer residents are uprooted and forced into even more distressed conditions, elsewhere. This paper examines the history of events impacting urban communities. It further reviews the successes and failures of efforts to benefit low-income communities.
“Maybe That Helps Folks Feel Better About What They're Doing”: Examining Contradictions Between Educator Presumptions, Student Experiences, and Outcomes at an Alternative School

ABSTRACTThe use of alternative schools as exclusionary discipline for students found guilty of committing behavioral infractions raises questions about the effectiveness of these schools in producing improved student outcomes. Educators' justifications for alternative placements are highly relevant, because decisions regarding placements are often subjective and based on ill-defined criteria. This mixed-methods study investigates educators' perceptions of one disciplinary alternative school in the Southeast and educators' justifications for its use. The study examines the district's alternative school students' outcome data and analyzes whether these data support educators' explanations for why they assign students to the alternative school. Findings show that educators often hold mixed beliefs about alternative schools, seeing them as both a punishment and as providing needed support and services. Students, however, do not demonstrate dramatically different academic or behavioral performance as a result ...