cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of phased array lenses

An equivalent network representation of a feedthrough lens array, which takes into account mutual coupling between the array elements, is presented. The model is employed to predict performance characteristics, which include element mismatch, peak voltage loading of the phase shifters, element currents, and transmitted power. Both analog and digital phase shifters are treated in the analysis. It is shown that, irrespective of the type of phase shifter, the mismatch from element to element at a fixed scan angle is not identical. This variation is explained in terms of the multiple reflections that take place between the two surfaces of the lens. Further, as a function of scan angle, the element mismatch for a digitally phased array lens does not vary in a smooth manner but exhibits a decided ripple.
Phytanic acid and the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Greater consumption of red meat, processed meat and dairy products has been associated with an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in several previous reports. Phytanic acid, a saturated fatty acid obtained primarily through the consumption of ruminant meat and dairy products, may offer a potential underlying mechanism for these associations. In a population-based case-control study of 336 cases and 460 controls conducted in Nebraska during 1999-2002, we examined whether phytanic acid-containing foods or total phytanic acid intake, estimated from a food frequency questionnaire and the published phytanic acid values of 151 food items, were associated with increased NHL risk. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for overall NHL and the common NHL histologic subtypes. In multivariable models, higher intakes of density-adjusted beef [OR(T3 vs. T1) = 1.5 (1.1-2.2); P(trend) = 0.02], total dairy products [OR = 1.5 (1.1-2.2); P(trend) = 0.02) and milk [OR = 1.6 (1.1-2.3); P(trend) = 0.01] were associated with an increased risk of NHL. Intake of total phytanic acid was positively associated with NHL risk [OR = 1.5 (1.0-2.1); P(trend) = 0.04]. In analyses stratified by NHL subtype, greater consumption of beef was associated with an increased risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and greater consumption of milk was associated with an increased risk of follicular lymphoma (FL). Total phytanic acid intake was associated with an increased risk of FL and small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Our results provide support that total phytanic acid and phytanic acid-containing foods may increase NHL risk.
Short-Term Outcomes and Complications After Rejuvenate Modular Total Hip Arthroplasty Revision

Abstract Background The early short-term outcomes and complications after revision of the recalled Rejuvenate modular neck hip arthroplasty have not been previously reported. This study's purpose is to describe the early outcomes and complications after revision of the Rejuvenate modular femoral neck. Methods A retrospective cohort included 92 patients with 92 Rejuvenate modular neck total hip arthroplasty (THA) who underwent revision surgery between July 2011 and April 2014. Preoperative, 1-year, and 2-year patient-reported outcome measures including Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Short Form 12 (SF-12) were described in 92 patients. Results Complications arose in (12 of 92) 13% of patients including 8 greater trochanteric fractures, 1 intraoperative periprosthetic acetabular fracture, 2 dislocations, 1 early aseptic loosening, and 1 infection requiring a 2-stage revision. Overall, 66% of patients with a complication required reoperation. Significant changes were noted between preoperative and 1- and 2-year outcomes with respect to WOMAC pain score ( P = .0031), WOMAC total score ( P = .021), SF-12 mental component score ( P P Conclusions Patients can expect an improvement in pain (WOMAC pain) and function (total WOMAC, SF-12 Physical Health Composite Scale), but overall worsening in the SF-12 mental component scores. Patients' physical function improvements are offset by worsened mental function scores. Patients undergoing revision of Rejuvenate modular neck THA implants should be counseled on modest functional improvements and relative frequency of complications.
What Is Emerging? Supply Chains and the Remaking of Asia

A post–World War II Japanese business model has changed the cultural production of capitalism globally. Instead of a drive for uniformity, difference is a resource for the supply chains that have come to dominate Asia—and the world. This article offers a pocket history of the model's emergence and explores its implications for the (non)management of labor and natural resources. Heterogeneity and ruin intertwine in the making of supply chain pockets of political economy. Supply chains link precarity and prosperity, as well as varied cosmologies and ways of life, creating difference-in-connection. What we know as Asia reemerges within the linked niches and nodes of supply chains in which all kinds of difference matter and in which, indeed, global connection flourishes through structures for making and maintaining difference.
Durable Remission and Survival in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract Background: The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in the setting of refractory multiple myeloma (MM) is still controversial. Although potentially curative in a subset of pts, concerns regarding treatment related mortality (TRM) and graft vs. host disease (GVHD) preclude its universal use. In this study, we evaluated the role of allo-HSCT for pts with relapsed MM. Methods: 110 consecutive pts with relapsed MM underwent allo-HSCT at our institution between 2000 and 2014. The primary objective was to assess progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Median age at allo-HSCT was 54 (range, 32-71) years and median time from diagnosis to allo-HSCT was 35.7 (range, 8.6 to 228.8) months. Fifty-two (47%) and 49 (45%) pts had standard-risk (SR) and high-risk (HR) cytogenetics at the time of allo-HSCT, respectively. Pts received a median of 5 (range, 1-9) prior chemotherapy regimens and 99 (90%) pts had at least 1 (range, 0-3) prior auto-HSCTs. One hundred one (92%) pts received either a proteasome inhibitor (PI) or an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) prior to allo-HSCT, with 65 (59%) receiving both. Sixty eight (62%) received allo-HSCT from matched related, 34 (31%) from matched unrelated, 5 (4%) from cord blood, and 3 (3%) from mismatched donors. Preparative regimen was fludarabine/melphalan-based in 88 (80%) and fludarabine/busulfan-based in 16 (15%) pts. Median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 12 (range, 8-30) and 13 (range, 0-81) days, respectively. Ten pts died of non-relapse causes within 100 days (100-day TRM: 9%) and 21 (19%) within 1 year. Grade 1-4 acute GVHD was seen in 50 (45%) and cGVHD in 35 (32%) pts, respectively. Eighteen (16%) achieved a CR, 26 (23%) a VGPR and 38 (34%) achieved a PR, with an overall response rate of 73%. With a median follow up of 41.9 months (range, 6.4 to 172.9) in surviving pts, 1- and 2-year PFS were 23% and 15%, respectively (Fig 1). One and 2-year OS were 50% and 32%, respectively (Fig 2). HR cytogenetics at allo-HSCT were associated with a significantly shorter 2-year PFS (6% for HR vs. 23% for SR; p=0.007) and OS (p=0.01). A response Conclusions: Allo-HSCT is associated with durable remission and survival in approximately 15% of heavily pretreated pts with relapsed/refractory MM. Novel, more effective approaches are needed for patients with HR cytogenetic abnormalities. Download : Download high-res image (95KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (79KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Surface Characteristics and Electrical Properties of Perfluoroalkane and Perfluorodiacetylene Langmuir-Blodgett Films

Surface pressure-area curves for perfluoroalkanes (C16F34, C20F42 and C24F50) and novel perfluorodiacetylene (C24F42) showed monolayers to form on the surface of water. Monolayers of perfluorocompounds were deposited on various substrates by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB). A comparison of reflection-absorption and transmission IR spectra indicated difluoromethylene chains in LB film to be oriented perpendicularly to the substrate. Perfluoroalkane LB film (C20F42 and C24F50) on hydrophobized mica showed excellent water repellency with contact angles of water, 155° and 153°. Perfluorodiacetylene LB film on a KRS-5 plate demonstrated excellent water repellency with a contact angle of 162° and that on a quartz plate, after polymerization by UV irradiation, was highly electroconductive, with no need for doping or further treatment.
The Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in Surveillance and Control of Nosocomial Infections

The microbiology laboratory’s rapid and consistent identification of nosocomial pathogens is a keystone in the surveillance and control of hospital-acquired infections. In addition, the laboratory serves as a source of expert consultation for clinicians and infection control personnel and as an “early warning center” for infection problems. In making its contributions to infection control most effective, the laboratory must recognize its capabilities and limitations, must insure that the materials and methods it uses and the specimens it processes meet high standards, must provide retrievable records, and must have a good working knowledge of microbiologic technics used to evaluate both endemic and epidemic infections. Moreover, because laboratory workers come into contact daily with potentially infectious specimens and isolates, the laboratory’s contributions to infection control should also include the prevention and surveillance of laboratory-acquired infections.
Stability of Malathion Resistance in Two Hymenopterous Parasitoids

Malathion resistance documented in a field strain of Anisopteromalus calandrae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) collected in September 1992 near Bamberg, SC, was stable after 23 generations of laboratory rearing with no selection pressure. F23 progeny of this parasitoid strain were 2,800-fold resistant to malathion relative to a susceptible laboratory (Savannah) strain and 200-fold more tolerant of malathion than the field strain of the insect host Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with which they were collected. Seven cycles of laboratory selection with malathion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, and pirimiphos-methyl did not increase resistance levels in the Bamberg strain of A. calandrae to these grain protestants. Malathion resistance in F21 male and female progeny of a field strain of Bracon (Hahruhracon) hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) collected in South Carolina was not significantly different from that of F6 progeny. However, LT50s determined in a serial-time bioassay were 0.2-fold lower and may indicate a slight decline in resistance following 15 generations of laboratory rearing. Little is known about the mechanisms or genetics of the malathion resistance in these two parasitoids. Nevertheless, the stability of the resistances documented in this study, particularly in A. calandrae, will facilitate the incorporation of these parasitoid strains into integrated biological-chemical control programs for stored-product insect pests.
The Look of Extension in the Future

Abstract To remain viable in the 21st century, the Cooperative Extension Service must accept the challenge of change. This means listening to new clientele groups; responding to the most urgent and relevant issues of today and tomorrow; expanding the resources and discipline base of the program to address issues that require new expertise and multiple disciplines; establishing new linkages, partnerships, and coalitions; and setting forth a dynamic, up-to-date image of responsiveness to changing needs.
Cerebellar abscess due to Cladosporium trichoides (bantianum): case report.

This is a case report of a rare cerebellar abscess from which the dematiaceous fungus Cladosporium trichoides (bantianum) was isolated and tentatively identified during the patient’s lifetime. Involvement of the posterior fossa has been reported in only two other recorded cases of cladosporiosis. As is common in such cases, the portal of entry could not be determined. Despite excision of the abscess and the institution of treatment with Amphotericin B, the patient died 10 days postoperatively. There is no known effective cure for this disease.
Research on High Availability Technologies for Large-Capacity EPON in Smart Distribution Grids

The communication network of a smart distribution grid (SDG) is responsible for transmission of operation data and control commands of power circuit breakers, load switches, transformers and other distribution equipment. Thus, there is a very high requirement for its availability. Due to the similarity of networking framework between the large capacity ethernet passive optical network (EPON) and the primary distribution network, EPON has been widely used in SDGs. After analyzing the technical principle of EPON, this paper gives ways to improve communication network availability, depicts the technologies ensuring the high availability of network components from the aspects of its hardware architecture, master redundancy and veneer hot-swappable, discusses several high availability technologies involving uplink connection with dual-homed protection and optical protection switching for network architecture, and focuses on the compositions and switching mechanisms of the all-fiber protection mode and the hand-in-hand protection mode.
Essential hypertension as an endocrine disease.

Several lines of evidence reviewed herein strongly suggest that the majority of patients with essential hypertension have an endocrine basis for their elevated blood pressure. Abnormalities in vascular tone, circulating hormone levels, and the responsiveness of target tissues to these hormones all contribute to the pathogenesis of the increase in blood pressure. The actual frequency of each of these subsets of patients with an endocrine form of essential hypertension in unknown, but the evidence uncovered to date suggests that it is likely to be substantial. Most of the hormonal abnormalities are not associated with overproduction per se, but with a change in the response of target tissues to the hormones with compensatory mechanisms actually being responsible for the increase in blood pressure. There is evidence that each of these endocrine abnormalities may be inherited. Thus, a likelihood that a genetic marker can be found to identify each subgroup exists. Already, there is the intriguing possibility that if subgroups of patients can be identified easily, specific therapy will be possible.
Lung Ultrasonography: A Viable Alternative to Chest Radiography in Children with Suspected Pneumonia?

Objective To determine the interrater reliability (IRR) of lung ultrasonography (LUS) and chest radiography (CXR) and evaluate the accuracy of LUS compared with CXR for detecting pediatric pneumonia compared with chest computed tomography (CT) scan. Study design This was a prospective cohort study of children aged 3 months to 18 years with a CXR and LUS performed between May 1, 2012, and January 31, 2014 with or without a clinical diagnosis of pneumonia. Four pediatric radiologists blinded to clinical information reported findings for the CXR and LUS images. IRR was estimated for 50 LUS and CXR images. The main outcome was the finding from CT ordered clinically or the probability of the CT finding for patients clinically requiring CT. Two radiologists reviewed CT scans to determine an overall finding. Latent class analysis was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for findings (eg, consolidation) for LUS and CXR compared with CT. Results Of the 132 patients in the cohort, 36 (27%) had CT performed for a clinical reason. Pneumonia was clinically documented in 47 patients (36%). The IRR for lung consolidation was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.40-0.70) for LUS and 0.36 (95% CI, 0.21-0.51) for CXR. The sensitivity for detecting consolidation, interstitial disease, and pleural effusion was statistically similar for LUS and CXR compared with CT; however, specificity was higher for CXR. The negative predictive value was similar for CXR and LUS. Conclusions LUS has a sufficiently high IRR for detection of consolidation. Compared with CT, LUS and CXR have similar sensitivity, but CXR is more specific for findings indicating pneumonia.
Watersheds and Drainage Networks

Grid-based distributed hydrologic models rely on a drainage network to model basin response. A digital elevation model (DEM) is useful for characterizing the terrain and drainage network. Processing steps and DEM cell size affect the land surface slope, drainage network length and connectivity properties. Derived drainage networks and the hydraulic parameters used to represent the conveyance of runoff to the outlet of the river basin are dependent on cell size and on the methods used to derive the drainage network. Once the drainage network is defined and slope derived, the remaining hydraulic parameters are applied to overland and channel cells, which may require adjustment. The characteristics of the extracted drainage network can influence hydrologic model calibration and performance.
Development of a capacitance sensing system for monitoring moisture content of spray dried gelatin powders

Abstract For on-line, non-contact measurement of moisture content (MC) of spray dried products, a capacitance sensing system was developed using pairs of copper plates attached to the perimeter of the spray dryer measuring cylinder. The plates formed capacitors which were sensitive to changes in dielectric properties, which in turn were related to MC. The self-built system was tested on spray dried gelatin powders in three modes: a) an off-line mode to test the capabilities of the sensor at different MC levels (4%–44% (d.b.)); and b) an on-line mode to measure MC of samples passing through the sensor enclosure. Results indicated this system was feasible to measure MC both statically and dynamically, but it had better performance for off-line samples (R 2 = 0.98, RMSE = 1.9%); c) this system was also used in an ECT mode and showed the capability to reflect spatial distribution of deposition during spray drying.
Erbium doped silicon light emitters

Summary form only given. Erbium as a light emitter in silicon has the potential as an integrated light source for optical interconnection. This possibility opens the door to integrating silicon optoelectronics with very large scale integration (VLSI) electronics to overcome high interconnection density, bandwidth limitations and high power dissipation. Erbium emits at 1.54 /spl mu/m due to an internal 3f shell transition independent of the host material. Hence its luminescence wavelength is temperature independent and exhibits small linewidth, which offers high bandwidth capacity and is therefore advantageous for optical communications. The authors deal with the key material and device issues in silicon light emitter fabrication in the context of integrated optical interconnection. >
FRI0498 Clinical Characteristics of IGG4-Related Disease: A Retrospective Analysis of 166 Chinese Patients

Background Since the initial recognition of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), elevated serum IgG4 levels and increased numbers of IgG4-positive plasma cells in tissues have been regarded as diagnostic hallmarks of the disorder. However, the role of the IgG4 level in other non-AIP IgG4-RD is unclear. Objectives To investigate the clinical features and factors associated with IgG4 test positivity over an 8-year period in 166 patients with IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD). Methods The medical records of 2,968 adult subjects who underwent serum IgG4 level tests conducted between December 2007 and August 2014 were reviewed. Results Among 2,968 patients, 166 (5.6%) were diagnosed with IgG4-RD and 2,802 (94.4%) were determined to have other diseases (non-IgG4-RD group). The mean IgG4 level in subjects with IgG4-RD was 1087.5 mg/dL (median: 597.0, range: 15–6790 mg/dL), which was significantly higher than that of subjects with non-IgG4-RD (mean: 104.1, median: 75.0, range: 1–4400 mg/dL; p 135 mg/dL) in 143 (86.1%) of 166 patients with IgG4-RD and in 652 (23.3%) of 2,802 patients with non-IgG4-RD (p Conclusions In the present study, we demonstrated that more than half of the diseases associated with IgG4-RD were non-AIP IgG4-RD. Among the 166 IgG4-RD patients, the manifestations covered the full range of organ system involvement. Moreover, the best IgG4 cutoff (measured with nephelometry using a Siemens BN ProSpec instrument and Siemens reagent) was 222 mg/dL for IgG4-RD. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Network slice selection, assignment and routing within 5G Networks

5G Networks are anticipated to provide a diverse set of services over Network Slices (NS) using Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies. We propose solutions to enable NS selection and routing of traffic routing through a NS. A framework for enabling negotiation, selection and assignment of NSs for requesting applications in 5G networks is presented. A definition for service description has been developed, which is then leveraged for negotiation between an application/user equipment and the serving network. Virtualized networks or slices of virtualized networks are selected and assigned based on QCI and security requirements associated with a requested service. We also describe static and dynamic mechanisms for packet routing within NSs.
Robust Gradient-Based Multiobjective Optimization for the Generation of Well Controls to Maximize the Net-Present-Value of Production Under Geological Uncertainty

We provide the mathematical development of a gradient-based algorithm based on the augmented Lagrange approach that is applicable for multiobjective optimization. The multiobjective optimization procedures considered are the standard weighted sum and the normal boundary intersection methods as well as constrained versions of these methods developed previously by the authors to overcome non-differentiability issues. The mathematical development is general and applies to cases where nonlinear equality and inequality constraints are present, but the reservoir engineering applications considered in the paper are focused on examples where only bound constraints are present. The reservoir engineering examples considered pertain to the estimation of optimal well controls (pressures or rates at which injection and production wells are operated) that optimize three conflicting objectives involving different cost and risk measures under geological uncertainty.
Applying Systems Engineering Reduces Radiology Transport Cycle Times in the Emergency Department.

Introduction Emergency department (ED) crowding is widespread, and can result in care delays, medical errors, increased costs, and decreased patient satisfaction. Simultaneously, while capacity constraints on EDs are worsening, contributing factors such as patient volume and inpatient bed capacity are often outside the influence of ED administrators. Therefore, systems engineering approaches that improve throughput and reduce waste may hold the most readily available gains. Decreasing radiology turnaround times improves ED patient throughput and decreases patient waiting time. We sought to investigate the impact of systems engineering science targeting ED radiology transport delays and determine the most effective techniques. Methods This prospective, before-and-after analysis of radiology process flow improvements in an academic hospital ED was exempt from institutional review board review as a quality improvement initiative. We hypothesized that reorganization of radiology transport would improve radiology cycle time and reduce waste. The intervention included systems engineering science-based reorganization of ED radiology transport processes, largely using Lean methodologies, and adding no resources. The primary outcome was average transport time between study order and complete time. All patients presenting between 8/2013-3/2016 and requiring plain film imaging were included. We analyzed electronic medical record data using Microsoft Excel and SAS version 9.4, and we used a two-sample t-test to compare data from the pre- and post-intervention periods. Results Following the intervention, average transport time decreased significantly and sustainably. Average radiology transport time was 28.7 ± 4.2 minutes during the three months pre-intervention. It was reduced by 15% in the first three months (4.4 minutes [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-7.3]; to 24.3 ± 3.3 min, P=0.021), 19% in the following six months (5.4 minutes, 95% CI [2.7-8.2]; to 23.3 ± 3.5 min, P=0.003), and 26% one year following the intervention (7.4 minutes, 95% CI [4.8-9.9]; to 21.3 ± 3.1 min, P=0.0001). This result was achieved without any additional resources, and demonstrated a continual trend towards improvement. This innovation demonstrates the value of systems engineering science to increase efficiency in ED radiology processes. Conclusion In this study, reorganization of the ED radiology transport process using systems engineering science significantly increased process efficiency without additional resource use.
Flicr, a long noncoding RNA, modulates Foxp3 expression and autoimmunity.

A combination of transcription factors, enhancers, and epigenetic marks determines the expression of the key transcription factor FoxP3 in regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adding an additional layer of complexity, the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Flicr (Foxp3 long intergenic noncoding RNA) is a negative regulator that tunes Foxp3 expression, resulting in a subset of Tregs with twofold- to fivefold-lower levels of FoxP3 protein. The impact of Flicr is particularly marked in conditions of IL-2 deficiency, and, conversely, IL-2 represses Flicr expression. Flicr neighbors Foxp3 in mouse and human genomes, is specifically expressed in mature Tregs, and acts only in cis. It does not affect DNA methylation, but modifies chromatin accessibility in the conserved noncoding sequence 3 (CNS3)/Accessible region 5 (AR5) region of Foxp3. Like many lncRNAs, Flicr’s molecular effects are subtle, but by curtailing Treg activity, Flicr markedly promotes autoimmune diabetes and, conversely, restrains antiviral responses. This mechanism of FoxP3 control may allow escape from dominant Treg control during infection or cancer, at the cost of heightened autoimmunity.
Function and Regulation of Intracellular Ca in Renal Cells

As in all other cells of the mammalian body, [Ca2+] within renal epithelial cells is maintained at a level far below that in extracellular fluid. Whereas extracellular fluid [Ca2+] is less than 1 mM, [Ca2+] in intracellular fluid is approximately four orders of magnitude lower. Measurements of cytosolic Ca ion concentration have been obtained in vivo with ion-selective microelectrodes (Lee et al., 1980, Lorenzen et al., 1984, Yang et al., 1988) in proximal tubules of Necturus, and with a variety of Ca sensitive indicators in mammalian renal epithelia in culture or in tubule suspensions or isolated nephron segments (Bonventre et al., 1986, Borle and Snowdowne 1982, Bourdeau and Lau 1989, Burnatowska-Hledin and Spielman 1987, Chase and Wong 1988, Dolson et al., 1985, Dominguez et at, 1989, Hruska et al., 1987, Mandel and Murphy 1984, Murphy et al., 1986, Murphy and Mandel 1982, Sakhraui et al., 1985, Shayman et al., 1986, Tang and Weinberg 1986, Taniguchi et al., 1989a and 1989b, Teitelbaum and Berl 1986). Values obtained, range between 70 and 450 nM, with the majority of studies reporting average concentrations of 100 to 200 nM.
DIRECTIONAL STABILITY AND CONTROL OF SHIPS IN WAVES

The stability and oscillatory motions of ships (automatically steered and unsteered) in the horizontal plane were examined on a digital computer for the case of regular following seas. Available hydrodynamic data for Series 60 hull forms were used. Analysis of directional stability was made for the case of zero encounter frequency (i.e., the ship runs at high speeds equal to the wave celerity.) The ship (which is hydrodynamically stable without automatic control in calm water) is directionally unstable in following seas except for the small region near the ascending node of the waves. Addition of automatic control can give the ship directional stability when it is located on the wave trough, but not when it is located on the wave crest. At relatively high frequency (i.e., at low speeds in following seas), the rudder and control system are almost incapable of reducing oscillatory motion. Violent rudder activity in following seas can be decreased by reducing the yaw-rate-gain control constant and by increasing the rudder-response-time constant.
Cell-cell interactions in mammalian preimplantation development.

Cells in tissues or in culture interact in a variety of ways. Communication between cells can occur by gap junctions, which ionically couple them, by receptor-ligand interactions, by direct inductive influences, or by indirect metabolic influences on the cellular microenvironment. Adhesion to other cells and to extracellular matrix components will influence both cell shape and cell function (i.e., the differentiated state of that cell) as well as help determine the cell’s degree of motility. Nearly all these interactions are mediated, at least initially, by the cell surface.
The First Fundamental Theorem of Nevanlinna Theory

Rewriting Jensen’s Theorem, we get $$ \frac{1}{{2\pi }}\int_{{ - \pi }}^{\pi } {\log |f(r{{e}^{{i\theta }}})|} \;d\theta = \log |{{a}_{k}}| + N\left( {r,\frac{1}{f}} \right) - N(r,f), $$ (4.1) where N is a kind of average number of poles of f.
Application of aqueous alkaline extraction to remove ash from algae harvested from an algal turf scrubber

Abstract Efforts to develop algae as a sustainable feedstock for the bioenergy economy have largely focused on cultivating microalgae for optimized lipid production. Because of this, filamentous algae are often overlooked in the algae biomass field because of their relatively low lipid content, although they do contain high levels convertible carbohydrates and proteins. Systems designed to produce filamentous biomass, such as algal turf scrubbers (ATS), have advantages over planktonic algae produced in raceway systems. Unlike raceway algae production, ATS systems do not require inoculum, nutrients, or CO2 inputs as these are readily obtained from the atmosphere or the natural waters feeding them. ATS systems are exceptional at removing nutrients from affected waterways. However, as a consequence of the growth environment (sand, silt and other suspended solids), and the composition of ATS biomass (diatoms), the periphytic biomass obtained from ATS can have very high ash, which represents non-convertible material that can complicate downstream conversion processes. We explored both physical and chemical approaches to remove ash with the goal of improving overall preprocessing costs and conversion yields while minimizing the loss of organic material. The simplest method for removing ash involved repeatedly rinsing the biomass with water at 25 °C, which removed 34.5 ± 3.4 wt% of the ash with no appreciable loss in biomass. When treated with 2.0 wt% NaOH at 80 °C, up to 87.8 ± 1.4 wt% of ash was removed. These severe conditions, however, also resulted in organic material losses of 29.9 ± 3.2 wt%. Ultimately, these results will inform future tests, both chemical and mechanical, and will provide input for models that identify energy bottlenecks and potential savings.
RODENTS, BIRDS, AND INSECTS

Rodents, birds, and insects can be a serious problem in dairy processing plants, and a pest control program is a necessary component of any food safety program. There are two approaches to pest control: internal and external. The primary strategy in a pest control program is prevention. In situations where prevention fails, control measures are needed. This article discusses the problem of rodents, birds, and insects in dairy processing plants, and strategies for their prevention and control. It provides a comparison of the benefits of internal and external approaches to pest control, and highlights prevention techniques designed to control pests. It also highlights control measures for each of the common categories of pest.
Immediate Postpartum Contraception: Intrauterine Device Insertion

Insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) in the immediate postpartum period is a safe, evidence-based form of contraception appropriate for most women. Despite the higher risk of expulsion as compared with interval insertion, the benefits of insertion in the immediate postpartum period are significant and include improved rates of contraception continuance and reduced instances of short interval birth. Through shared decision making, midwives and other clinicians can assist women in clarifying their reproductive goals and understanding of contraceptive options, including this method. In response to identified gaps in knowledge and insertion technique among midwives, this article provides an overview of immediate postpartum IUD insertion, risks and benefits, and eligibility criteria and describes preinsertion, insertion, and postinsertion care.
Developmental origins of ovarian disorder: impact of maternal lean gestational diabetes on the offspring ovarian proteome in mice

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an obstetric disorder affecting approximately 10% of pregnancies. The four high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) mouse model emulates GDM in lean women. Dams are fed a HFHS diet 1 week prior to mating and throughout gestation resulting in inadequate insulin response to glucose in mid-late pregnancy. The offspring of HFHS dams have increased adiposity, thus, we hypothesized that maternal metabolic alterations during lean GDM would compromise ovarian function in offspring both basally and in response to a control or HFHS diet in adulthood. Briefly, DLPL were lean dams and control diet pups; DLPH were lean dams and HFHS pups; DHPL were HFHS dams and control diet pups; and DHPH were HFHS dams and HFHS pups. A HFHS challenge in the absence of maternal GDM (DLPL vs. DLPH) increased 3 and decreased 30 ovarian proteins. Maternal GDM in the absence of a dietary stress (DLPL vs. DHPL) increased abundance of 4 proteins and decreased abundance of 85 proteins in the offspring ovary. Finally, 87 proteins increased, and 4 proteins decreased in offspring ovaries due to dietary challenge and exposure to maternal GDM in utero (DLPL vs. DHPH). Canopy FGF signaling regulator 2, deleted in azoospermia-associated protein 1, septin 7, and serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 were altered across multiple offspring groups. Together, these findings suggest a possible impact on fertility and oocyte quality in relation to GDM exposure in utero as well as in response to a western diet in later life.
Patient Flow Within Hospitals: A Conceptual Model:

Optimal patient flow minimizes waiting and is associated with quality healthcare. Emergency Department crowding is an indicator of poor patient flow and has been the focus of patient flow interventions. These interventions have failed to address interactions among components of the hospital. This has led to an incomplete understanding of why poor patient flow occurs and what is the best strategy for improving patient flow. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the importance of good patient flow within hospitals and present a conceptual model of patient flow to guide research in this area.
Self-inflicted chemical burns caused by depilatory cream use: The price of beauty

Objective: The objective was to study and describe the presenting patient characteristics for those with chemical burns acquired from hair removal beauty products. Methods: Retrospective single-center chart review was done to identify all burn injuries caused by the use of depilatory cream use. Results: A total of seven patients who acquired burn injuries due to depilatory cream use were identified. Six were female and one was male. Patients' age ranged from 3 to 43 years, with a mean age of 27.2 years. Total body surface area of the burns ranged from 0.18% to 0.79% including first- and second-degree burns; none of the patients acquired third-degree burns. Most of the injuries involved groin and pubic area. All patients were treated with wound care, and none required inpatient care. All of the patients who presented to follow-up visits showed re-epithelialization and good healing. Conclusion: Depilatory cream is a corrosive chemical hair removal agent that can lead to unintended chemical burns if used improperly. Burn-care provider, as well as other health-care providers, should be aware of this unusual cause of chemical burn and educate their patients appropriately.
Early Outcomes of Isolated Aortic Valve Replacement Through Right Anterior Minithoracotomy Using the Latest-Generation Biological Prosthesis.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate early and intermediate outcomes and hemodynamics of the latest-generation Trifecta valve implanted using right anterior minithoracotomy.MethodsWe perfo...
Epidemiology of United States Inpatient Open Globe Injuries from 2009-2015.

To study the epidemiology of inpatient open globe injuries (OGI) in the United States (US). This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with a primary diagnosis of OGI in the National Inpatie...
Stance and alignment in police traffic stops: The case of citizen account solicitations

Abstract This article demonstrates how the design and positioning of citizens' account solicitations in traffic stops (e.g., “What did I do?”) provide resources for citizens to show, and officers to see, their stance toward and willingness to align with the business of the encounter. With design, citizens use ‘self’, ‘other’, ‘neutral’, and ‘self-other’ formulations that allocate responsibility for the stop in ways that support or challenge the stop's legitimacy. With positioning, they show their willingness to align or not to the business of the encounter. Stance and alignment work interdependently with the account solicitation as a dispreferred initiating action (Robinson and Bolden, 2010) to enhance, or aggravate, its mitigated or unmitigated character, with consequences for citizens' experience of being policed. This research uses the method of conversation analysis and draws from a large collection of police dashboard camera videos from several American policing agencies in addition to several videos posted on Youtube.
Transportability From Randomized Trials to Clinical Care: On Initial HIV Treatment With Efavirenz and Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors

In an analysis of randomized trials, use of efavirenz for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was associated with increased suicidal thoughts/behaviors. However, analyses of observational data have found no evidence of increased risk. To assess whether population differences might explain this divergence, we transported the effect of efavirenz use from these trials to a specific target population. Using inverse odds weights and multiple imputation, we transported the effect of efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors in these randomized trials (participants were enrolled in 2001-2007) to a trials-eligible cohort of US adults initiating antiretroviral therapy while receiving HIV clinical care at medical centers between 1999 and 2015. Overall, 8,291 cohort participants and 3,949 trial participants were eligible. Prescription of antidepressants (19% vs. 13%) and injection drug history (16% vs. 10%) were more frequent in the cohort than in the trial participants. Compared with the effect in trials, the estimated hazard ratio for efavirenz on suicidal thoughts/behaviors was attenuated in our target population (trials: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 4.4); transported: HR = 1.8 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.4)), whereas the incidence rate difference was similar (trials: HR = 5.1 (95% CI: 1.6, 8.7); transported: HR = 5.4 (95% CI: -0.4, 11.4)). In our target population, there was greater than 20% attenuation of the hazard ratio estimate as compared with the trials-only estimate. Transporting results from trials to a target population is informative for addressing external validity.
May 2018 ABA Tax Section Meeting - Tax Policy and Simplification Committee: The Byrd Rule and the Tax Legislative Process (Presentation Slides)

This set of power points, prepared by Ellen Aprill for the session of the Tax Policy and Simplification Committee at the May 2018 ABA Tax Section meeting, gives an overview of the Byrd rule and its impact on the 2017 tax legislation, known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (even though this short title was removed from the legislation as the result of a Byrd rule point of order).
Effect Of Inverter-Interfaced Distributed Generation On Negative Sequence Directional Element Using Typhoon Real-Time Hardware In The Loop (HIL)

There has been an increase in the decentralization of electrical power generation with the introduction of Inverter Based Distributed Generation (IBDG). This restructuring of the grid system achieves a resilient and closer to carbon-free grid. Despite the growing integration of IBDG, there has been operational challenges such as power quality deterioration and mis-operation of grid protection equipment, caused by the power electronic interface of inverters along with wind, solar intermittency and grid bidirectionality. Several mitigation techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, this paper focuses on the problem of the maloperation of traditional protection relays due to increased IBDG penetration. Many studies in protection of IBDG networks have been conducted, yet protection equipment exclusively for IBDG applications are not yet developed. This paper will focus on the mis-operation of the Negative Sequence Voltage Polarized (NSVP) directional element caused by IBDG, which will be investigated using a Typhoon Inc. Virtual test bed (real-time simulation platform), running with a Hardware in the Loop (HIL) protection relay. The simulation is conducted on a modified IEEE 13-node system while the IBDG is modelled to have Dynamic VAR control.
The relationship of cumulative psychosocial adversity with antepartum depression and anxiety.

Background Exposure to multiple psychosocial risk factors may increase vulnerability for mental health conditions during pregnancy. This analysis examined the relationship of a novel psychosocial adversity index with the co-occurrence and persistence of depression and anxiety throughout pregnancy. Methods This cross-sectional analysis included 1797 pregnant women screened in the second/third trimesters for depression and anxiety symptoms and for eight contextual and individual psychosocial factors. The factors were summed to create a psychosocial adversity index; reporting four or more factors indicated high adversity. Elevated symptoms in both trimesters indicated persistent depression/anxiety and elevated symptoms at the same trimester indicated comorbid symptoms. The associations between the psychosocial adversity index and mental health were estimated. Results Compared with a low psychosocial adversity index, women reporting a high level of psychosocial adversities had 2.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51-2.82) times higher adjusted odds of only depressive or anxiety symptoms, and 5.57 (95% CI: 3.95-7.85) times higher adjusted odds of comorbid symptoms. The associations for persistent symptoms were of similar direction and magnitude. Conclusion High psychosocial adversity was associated with persistent and comorbid depressive symptoms and anxiety during pregnancy. Assessing psychosocial adversity can help identify women at increased risk who would benefit from tailored mental health interventions.
Does Music Education Have a Poverty Problem

In this literature review, I explore poverty, the barriers to participation that exist for students in poverty, and why this issue should matter to music educators. Research findings about students...
Theory of Mind: Beyond the Preschool Years

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive review of the burgeoning literature on theory of mind (TOM) after the preschool years and the first to integrate this literature with other approaches to the study of social understanding. By highlighting the relationship between early and later developments, the book provides readers with a greater understanding of what we know and what we still need to know about higher-order TOM. Although the focus is on development in typical populations, development in individuals with autism and in older adults is also explored to give readers a deeper understanding of possible problems in development. Examining the later developments of TOM gives readers a greater understanding of: Developments that occur after the age of 5. Individual differences in rate of development and atypical development and the effects of those differences. The differences in rate of mastery which become more marked, and therefore more informative, with increased age. What it means to have a “good theory of mind.” The differences between first- and second- order theory of mind development in preschoolers, older children, adolescents, and adults. The range of beliefs available to children at various ages, providing a fuller picture of what is meant by “understanding of belief.” After the introduction, the literature on first-order developments during the preschool period is summarized to serve as a backdrop for understanding more advanced developments. Chapter 3 is devoted to the second-order false belief task. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce a variety of other measures for understanding higher-level forms of TOM thereby providing readers with greater insight into other cognitive and social developmental outcomes. Chapter 6 discusses the relation between children’s TOM abilities and other aspects of their development. Chapters 7 and 8 place the work in a historical context. First, the research on the development of social and mental worlds that predated the emergence of TOM is examined. Chapter 8 then provides a comparative treatment of the two literatures and how they complement one another. Ideal as a supplement in graduate or advanced undergraduate courses in theory of mind, cognitive development, or social development taught in psychology and education. Veteran researchers will also appreciate this book‘s unique synthesis of this critical research.
Organelle DNA isolation and RFLP analysis

The analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in organelle DNA is radically different from that in nuclear DNA in both purpose and execution. The fundamental reason for these differences is genome size: in land plants, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) is 1-2 x 102 kb in size [38, 39] and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 2-20 x 102 kb [14, 26, 37, 39], whereas most nuclear genomes are 1-10 x 106 kb [2]. The larger size of nuclear genomes is reflected in our relatively poor understanding of their structure and the fact that only a small fraction of nuclear genes have been isolated and analyzed. Physical mapping of RFLPs for an entire, average-sized nuclear genome is a forbidding task whose completion is at least several years away, and the physical mapping of even a 1 % region of the genome presents a significant challenge. As a consequence, nuclear RFLPs are presently used primarily as genetic markers in linkage studies aimed at identifying and selecting traits of agronomic importance [27, 44] and at examining modes of chromosomal evolution [15, 54]. Nuclear RFLPs are just beginning to be used as physical markers in chromosome walking efforts to clone mapped genes of interest [58].
Romanticism, Race, and Recapitulation

In this essay, [Finkelstein][1] describes how Romantics writing about race approached the subject by using analogy, polarities, and hierarchies of class and power to define racial differences. Although recapitulation is no longer accepted as a principle in embryology and evolution, the idea that social development and civilization parallel an order of races is a carryover from Romantic ideas about recapitulation. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5549/2101