cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Progress in Photovoltiac Concentrator Research

This paper reviews the recent progress in photovoltaic concentrator research. Since the Sixth European Communities Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference in April, 1985 (1), several exciting new developments have been reported. New record efficiency concentrator silicon cells have been reported at Stanford University, with 28% efficient high resistivity cells, and at the University of New South Wales, with near 25% efficient low resistivity cells. Both also report record 22% one-sun efficiencies. Compound semiconductor cells have also made advances. Research on multijunction devices has led to a mechanically stacked concentrator cell with near 27% efficiency. Module improvements have taken the form of reduced cost and better component reliability. In addition, a research emphasis is the development of new prototype modules that use the new laboratory cell advances. Array efforts have centered around improving the tracking and control subsystems in accuracy, durability, and cost. Today, concentrator systems in high insolation areas are being offered at prices near $4/Wp ac for large MW sizes and at prices below those of flat plate systems ($8/Wp) in hundred kW sizes. This paper will review these achievements and discuss the potential for concentrator technology to become a viable cost-effective bulk electrical power option.
Temperature gradients at the core-mantle interface

Heat flowing out of the core must flow into the mantle. If the Earth's magnetic field is owing to adiabatic magnetohydrodynamic circulation of the outer core, whole mantle convection or melting at the core mantle boundary is required to keep the inner core from becoming isothermal, thereby preventing adiabatic circulation.
Continuous scintillation counting of carbon-14 and tritium in effluent of the automatic amino acid analyzer.

Abstract The construction of a quartz cell containing crystalline anthracene for continuous determination of carbon-14 and tritium in the effluent of the amino acid analyzer is described. The cell can be used with standard scintillation counters permitting efficiencies of 38% at 18 cpm background or 27% at 7 cpm background for carbon-14 and 0.9 and 0.7% with the same backgrounds for tritium. Depending on the choice of instrumentation the results can be indicated by a ratemeter and recorder, or they can be simultaneously printed on tape and indicated on the recorder of the amino acid analyzer. Carbon-14 and tritium can be determined in the same experiment in different amino acid peaks or, with the use of two channels in the conventional manner, in the smae peak. A carbon-14 activity of about 1000 dpm can be determined with a 5% standard error. Above 3000 dpm the error is 1–3%. About forty-fold higher activities are required for tritium.
Analysis of the myoglobin gene in heart disease.

Analysis of the myoglobin gene from a large number of patients with cardiac disease disclosed a single substantive mutation. However, no evidence of biochemical or physiological dysfunction due to this mutation was detected. We conclude that, within the limits of presently available techniques, myoglobin mutations are unlikely to contribute substantially to the genotypic background of cardiac disease in the general population. Hum Mutat 9:426–430, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
School Librarianship and Macro-Level Policy Issues: International Perspectives:

Les personnes ou les associations professionnelles concernees par le developpement des bibliotheques scolaires doivent prendre conscience de l'importance de l'implication de leur gouvernement et de la mise en oeuvre d'une politique generale. Cette politique generale a un effet significatif sur le developpement des bibliotheques scolaires, parce que ce developpement depend le leur reconnaissance officielle dans la legislation et les formulations officielles. Ceux que soutiennent les bibliotheques scolaires peuvent intervenir encore plus efficacement dans la mise en oeuvre d'une politique generale s'ils connaissent mieux les arcanes de la politique. Cet article donne de telles connaissances de base. Diverses initiatives publiques dans les pays developpes et en voie de developpement sont explores. La question de savoir si les bibliotheques scolaires relevent de l'education ou de la culture est envisagee, de meme que la place des bibliotheques scolaires dans les reformes educatives. Les obstacles a l'elaboration d'une politique generale sont decrits. L'article conclut par un examen du role des organisations professionnelles et de leur influence dans la mise en oeuvre d'une politique.
Can Evolutionary Theory Explain Nationalist Violence? Czecho Slovak and Bosnian Illustrations

. This study tests whether evolutionary theory can explain the outbreak of ethnic conflict. Microlevel hypotheses of cultural evolutionary theory are developed and applied to the peaceful breakup of Czechoslovakia and the violent collapse of Bosnia-Hercegovina. The more traditional social science approaches of Donald Horowitz and David Laitin are presented as a comparative base to assess the relative explanatory power of evolutionary theory. It is found that in conjunction with Horowitz's and Laitin's work, evolutionary theory can make sense of some patterns of ethnic conflict. However, its central weakness is linking proximate triggering mechanisms of nationalist violence to biological foundations. Without a convincing connection between microlevel propositions and survival and reproductive imperatives, evolutionary theory fails to offer a unique and credible explanation of nationalist violence.
Determining the Free Energy of Membrane Protein Dimerization in Lipid Bilayers

Experimental determination of the free energy of membrane protein oligomerization in lipid bilayers is difficult. There are few membrane protein systems that allow for this equilibrium measurement, and for strong complexes, the amount of dilution necessary to observe dissociation often obscures experimental detection. We have devised a new model system for measuring equilibrium dimerization in membranes, using the homodimeric CLC-ec1 Cl-/H+ antiporter. A mutated version of CLC-ec1 that bears a single tryptophan substitution on the dimerization interface (CLC-W) shifts the protein to the monomeric state in detergent micelles. We quantitatively labelled CLC-W with Cy3 or Cy5 fluorophore and reconstituted the protein into 2:1 POPE/POPG lipids. Then, we measured macroscopic Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in large membranes to assess CLC-W dimerization. Mixing CLC-W-Cy3 and CLC-W-Cy5 in detergent before reconstitution, or fusing CLC-W-Cy3 liposomes with CLC-W-Cy5 liposomes yields a FRET signal indicative of dimer formation and equilibrium exchange. We also confirmed that the protein was folded, by measuring Cl- transport function. We then investigated dissociation of CLC-W by “traditional” dilution in membranes. Since wild-type CLC-ec1 does not undergo dimer exchange, we used CLC-ec1-Cy3 mixed with CLC-ec1-Cy5 to determine the “all-monomer” background signal, and co-labelled CLC-ec1-Cy3/Cy5 to determine the “all-dimer” FRET signal, at various Cy3:Cy5 labeling ratios and protein:lipid densities. With this, we observe that CLC-W begins to dissociate at a density of 1 protein per 300,000 lipids. At densities below 1 protein per 650,000 lipids, macroscopic FRET is obscured by background scattering and so we turn to single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to measure CLC-W stoichiometry by fluorophore photo-bleaching. These studies demonstrate that we have pushed the observable limit of this reaction, expanding our ability to measure the free energy of membrane protein assembly in lipid bilayers.
MO‐FF‐A1‐05: On‐line CT Verification of Needle Applicator Positions in HDR Prostate Brachytherapy

Purpose: Needle applicators have shown displacement between fractions during HDR prostate brachytherapy, which will degrade plan quality. Typically, displacement is determined by analyzing catheters on a verification CT (vCT) or port films obtained before treatment relative to fiducials or bony landmarks. We present a procedure to verify applicator positions to achieve planned dose distributions by registering vCT directly to planning CTs (pCT). Method and Materials: Patients received a vCT prior to each fraction. This was imported to BrachyVision (Varian Medical Systems) and fused to the pCT by rigid‐body registration based on matching urethra and three prostate‐implanted gold fiducials. Then, applicators in the vCT were compared to applicators in the pCT in a reconstructed plane through each catheter and any difference larger than 3mm was manually adjusted by a radiation oncologist before treatment. To assess treatment quality, the prostate volume was copied from pCT to vCT and the planned dwell positions/time was applied to the vCT applicators. Results: Two consecutive patients were treated using our CT registration needle verification method. Both patients required applicator adjustments in the first two fractions. Patient one had an average 7mm cranial‐to‐caudal applicator displacement, corresponding to 23% and 12% fractional drop in V100prostate respectively; Patient two had displacement in both cranial‐to‐caudal and caudal‐to‐cranial directions up to 9mm, but due to minimum loading of affected applicators, no significant decrease in V100prostate was seen. Neither patient required applicator adjustment at the Srd/last fraction. Despite differences in applicator displacement, post‐adjustment, the achieved V100prostate at each fraction deviated from planned value by less than 4% for both patients. The distances between fiducials in vCTs were consistent with those in pCTs within 3mm, confirming that fiducials are appropriate landmarks for registration. Conclusion: We have successfully treated two patients using this method. This technique ensures the treatment quality closely matches plan quality.
Return on quality: a new factor in assessing quality efforts

Argues that the quest for quality is international in scope, with many nations adopting the total quality management (TQM) principles as a way of achieving educational reform. Early indicators of TQM’s success are increases in student achievement, student self‐concept and teacher morale. However, quality programmes are not free and the concept of accountability is ever‐present in the minds of stakeholders who demand positive returns on their investments. Without a means to demonstrate successful returns on quality investments, public support and confidence in the schools may drastically decrease and TQM may be perceived as too expensive for public support. For those implementing TQM, the question is: how do I demonstrate the return on quality investments? The answer lies in measurement. This involves assessing customer need and expectations; producing quality outputs which meet or exceed customer satisfaction, and then documenting these returns by directly linking quality education outputs with the inputs of time, money, and effort.
Scientific results from the University of Hawaii: adaptive problems well suited to AO techniques

The University of Hawaii AO group has been actively carrying out astronomical AO observations for the last four years. The UHAO group and out collaborators have utilized the curvature AO system to obtain diffraction-limited images of asteroids, planets, moons, protoplanetary disks, young stars, young star clusters, planetary nebulae, black holes, galaxies and quasars. The current scientific capabilities of the new 36-actuator Hokupa'a AO curvature system will be briefly reviewed. Four key astronomical situations that are excellent for AO observations will be discussed. Examples of scientific observational techniques will be highlighted with actual AO astronomical results.
Multi-Organ, Multi-Lineage Engraftment by a Single Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell

Purification of rare hematopoietic stem cell(s) (HSC) to homogeneity is required to study their self-renewal, differentiation, phenotype, and homing. Long-term repopulation (LTR) of irradiated hosts and serial transplantation to secondary hosts represent the gold standard for demonstrating self-renewal and differentiation, the defining properties of HSC. We show that rare cells that home to bone marrow can LTR primary and secondary recipients. During the homing, CD34 and SCA-1 expression increases uniquely on cells that home to marrow. These adult bone marrow cells have tremendous differentiative capacity as they can also differentiate into epithelial cells of the liver, lung, GI tract, and skin. This finding may contribute to clinical treatment of genetic disease or tissue repair.
Juvenile shrubs show differences in stress tolerance, but no competition or facilitation, along a stress gradient

Summary 1 We investigated experimentally differences in abiotic stress tolerance and the effects of plant–plant interactions for two desert shrubs, Chrysothamnus nauseosus and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, along a soil salinity (NaCl) and boron (B) gradient at Mono Lake, California, USA. Based on differences in natural distribution, and the classical expectation of a trade-off between competitive ability and stress tolerance, we hypothesized that (i) Chrysothamnus would have greater competitive ability than Sarcobatus at the low salinity end of the gradient, and that (ii) Sarcobatus would be more stress tolerant than Chrysothamnus. 2 Juvenile target plants of Chrysothamnus and Sarcobatus were planted into four sites along the gradient. Biomass was determined by destructive harvests over two growing seasons. At each site, interspecific relative competitive ability was assessed as the effect of Sarcobatus neighbours on Chrysothamnus targets compared to the effect of Chrysothamnus neighbours on Sarcobatus targets. Stress tolerance was assessed as the ability of each species to survive and grow, in the absence of neighbours, at different sites along the gradient. 3 The two species did not differ in the relative strength of plant–plant interactions, providing no support for the expectation that Chrysothamnus had greater competitive ability than Sarcobatus. Furthermore, there was no evidence for competition or facilitation, either interspecific or intraspecific, at any site in either year of the study. However, fertilization treatments demonstrated nutrient limitations, soil water reached limiting levels and root systems of targets and neighbours overlapped substantially. It is therefore surprising that plant–plant interactions among juveniles apparently play little role in the growth and survival of shrubs in this saline desert habitat. 4 Sarcobatus was more stress tolerant than Chrysothamnus and the two species performed optimally at different sites along the gradient. Sarcobatus juveniles grew best at the two most saline sites and survived at all sites, whereas Chrysothamnus juveniles grew best at a low-salinity site and did not survive at the most saline site. The difference in site of optimal performance may be due to differences in nutrient limitations or to interactions between nutrient availability and sodium (Na) and B tolerance.
Proposed study of the Basin and Range from Death Valley to Yucca Flat

On March 1 and 2, 1990, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, N. Mex., organized a meeting of Earth scientists in Denver, Colo. This meeting set out to develop a research program that would embrace common goals of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP) and the Yucca Mountain Project (YMP). The motivation for this meeting came from many directions, including Congress, which identified the solution of waste-isolation problems as a potential contribution of the CSDP. Another impetus is that Yucca Mountain itself lies in a region of dramatic crustal extension and melting, which are crustal processes of great scientific interest to the CSDP program.
Racial and ethnic differences in time to treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer.

Objective To investigate the racial/ethnic differences in the time to treatment among patients with prostate cancer. Materials and Methods All 3448 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer at Kaiser Permanente Southern California from 2006 to 2007 were identified. The patients were passively followed up through their electronic health records until definitive treatment, defined as the first treatment given with curative intent within 1 year of diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models, with PROC SURVEYPHREG procedures, were used to account for the variability in time to the different treatments within multiple medical centers. Results The overall median time to treatment was 102 days, with modest differences for whites (100 days), blacks (104 days), and Hispanics (99 days). In the adjusted model, black men had a significantly longer time to surgery (adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.56-0.91) compared with white men. Hispanic men (adjusted hazard ratio 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.74) experienced significantly shorter times to radiotherapy compared with white men. No difference was found in the time to radiotherapy or brachytherapy for black men relative to white men. Conclusion These data suggest that minimal racial/ethnic differences exist in the time to treatment after the diagnosis of prostate cancer in this equal-access setting. This is encouraging, but does not mean that all men were satisfied with their treatment choice.
Applicability of Sharp-Interface Models for NAPL Transport: 1. Infiltration

A sharp-interface, or piston flow model is developed for nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPL) flow through the unsaturated zone. This model, which assumes saturated plug flow downward from the surface, is verified through comparison with an immiscible-phase model that includes capillarity effects in the formulation. Although significant assumptions are included in the sharp-interface model, it may be useful for initial screening and in obtaining an order-of-magnitude estimate of the time of travel of NAPL in the unsaturated zone. In the absence of data for calibration, guidelines are introduced for estimating the model's parameters.
Compound connection matrices

Suppose T is an incidence, basis circuit or basis cut set matrix of a connected graph and T^(^k^) is the k compound of T. It is proven that any second order minor of T^(^k^) is equal +1, -1, or 0. For the case of an incidence matrix this result is applied to tree counting and some structural properties of T^(^k^) are given.
Performance of thermal barrier coatings in high heat flux environments

Thermal barrier coatings were exposed to the high temperature and high heat flux produced by a 30 kW plasma torch. Analysis of the specimen heating rates indicates that the temperature drop across the thickness of the 0.038 cm ceramic layer was about 1100 C after 0.5 sec in the flame. An as-sprayed ZrO2-8%Y2O3 specimens survived 3000 of the 0.5 sec cycles with failing. Surface spalling was observed when 2.5 sec cycles were employed but this was attributed to uneven heating caused by surface roughness. This surface spalling was prevented by smoothing the surface with silicon carbide paper or by laser glazing. A coated specimen with no surface modification but which was heat treated in argon also did not surface spall. Heat treatment in air led to spalling in as early as 2 cycle from heating stresses. Failures at edges were investigated and shown to be a minor source of concern. Ceramic coatings formed from ZrO2-12%Y2O3 or ZrO2-20%Y2O3 were shown to be unsuited for use under the high heat flux conditions of this study.
Precision Measurement of the Spin-Dependent Asymmetry in the Threshold Region of 3H→e(e→, e′)

We present the first precision measurement of the spin-dependent asymmetry in the threshold region of 3He(e,e') at Q2 values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/c)2. The agreement between the data and nonrelativistic Faddeev calculations which include both final-state interactions and meson-exchange current effects is very good at Q2 = 0.1 (GeV/c)2, while a small discrepancy at Q2 = 0.2 (GeV/c)2 is observed.
Tectonic and geologic evolution of the Espanola Basin, Rio Grande Rift: Structure, rate of extension, and relation to the state of stress in the western United States

Abstract The Espanola basin of the Rio Grande rift began as a broad crustal downwarp in latest Oligocene time. Most of the basin is 2–3 km deep, but localized faulting allowed accumulation of up to 5 km of sedimentary fill in a central sub-basin. The localized early faulting ended before filling of the central Espanola basin was completed about 10 m.y. ago. Movement on faults that define the present western margin of the Espanola basin began ~ 10 m.y. ago. Jemez Mountain volcanism, in the western Espanola basin, also began at about this same time. West tilting of up to 30° occurred due to movement along pervasive N-trending intrabasin faults about 7.5 m.y. ago in conjunction with continued movement along the western border faults. Volcanism continued after this tilting, forming many of the large volcanic constructs of the Jemez Mountains. Regional uplift of the entire northern Rio Grande rift began ~ 7 m.y. ago. Movement on the Pajarito fault zone began about 5 m.y. ago and continues to the present. This fault zone defines the western margin of the velarde graben, a narrow central sub-basin where recent movement has been concentrated. Some volcanism also has occurred within the southern Velarde graben. Total extension across the Espanola basin since ~ 26 m.y. ago is estimated to have been ~ 5.5 km (roughly 10%) or between 3.5 and 8 km assuming high-angle planar faulting. The ~ 0.2 mm/yr averaged long term rate of extension has been separated into three periods of activity: 1. (1) ~ 0.14 mm/yr from 26 to 10 m.y. ago. 2. (2) ~ 0.5 mm/yr from 10 to 5 m.y. ago. 3. (3) ~ 0.14 mm/yr from 5 m.y. ago to present. A change in least principal stress direction from WSW-ENE to WNW-ESE that occurred throughout the western United States about 10 m.y. ago coincides with a roughly 3.5 times increase in the rate of extension, preferential development and movement of N- to NE-trending normal faults, and a few degrees of clockwise rotation of rocks in the western Espanola basin. Similar to the Espanola basin, initial basins of the southern Rio Grande rift were broad downwarps and rifting was greatly accelerated after ~ 10 m.y. ago. Accelerated uplift of the northern Rio Grande rift also occurred at about this time indicating that activity in the entire Rio Grande rift was modulated by this change in extension direction ~ 10 m.y. ago that appears related to Pacific-North American plate interactions. This modulation coupled with major faulting (~ 10 m.y. ago) preceding uplift (~ 7 m.y. ago) in the Espanola basin suggest a passive rifting process for the Rio Grande rift whereby stresses due to plate interactions elsewhere cause faulting in the lithosphere which leads to the development of a “passive” asthenospheric uplift. Furthermore, the roughly 20 m.y. pre-uplift history of sediment accumulation in basins of the central and southern rift, and the inherited character, trend, and geometry of the Rio Grande rift as a whole are also more consistent with a passive rifting process.
Unique Chemical Reactivities of Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides toward Hydrogen Sulfide

Nanocrystalline metal oxides prepared through sol−gel or aerogel syntheses were allowed to react with hydrogen sulfide and compared with microcrystalline commercially available metal oxides. The nanocrystalline metal oxides were found to be considerably more reactive than the commercial samples, as a result of their higher surface areas as well as higher intrinsic reactivities. In some cases, nearly stoichiometric solid−gas reactions took place at selected elevated temperatures, and the oxides exhibited a general reactivity trend of CaO > ZnO > Al2O3 > MgO. At lower temperatures (25−100 °C), the trend was ZnO > CaO > Al2O3 ≈ MgO. Core/shell particles, where a thin layer of Fe2O3 was deposited on nanocrystalline CaO, yielded the best results, thus demonstrating another example of transition metal oxide catalysis in solid−gas reactions.
Purin-6-yltrimethylammonium chloride: A new purine antimetabolite

Purin-6-yltrimethylammoniumchlorid wurde synthetisiert. Es erwies sich als ein hamopoetisch toxischer Antimetabolit, wirksam gegen Ehrlich Ascites-Tumor, DC5- und Ca 755-Mausekrebs.
Neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering as a probe of neutron density distributions

Neutrino-nucleus coherent elastic scattering provides a theoretically appealing way to measure the neutron part of nuclear form factors. Using an expansion of form factors into moments, we show that neutrinos from stopped pions can probe not only the second moment of the form factor (the neutron radius) but also the fourth moment. Using simple Monte Carlo techniques for argon, germanium, and xenon detectors of 3.5 tonnes, 1.5 tonnes, and 300 kg, respectively, we show that the neutron radii can be found with an uncertainty of a few percent when near a neutrino flux of $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ neutrinos/(cm${}^{2}$ s). If the normalization of the neutrino flux is known independently, one can determine the moments accurately enough to discriminate among the predictions of various nuclear energy functionals.
The psychological ecology of the neglectful mother

Interviews were conducted with 152 neglectful mothers and with 154 non-neglectful, who were matched on race, economic status, urban/rural status and other life circumstances. The neglectful mothers reported less support available from informal networks; they also described their neighborhoods as less friendly and helpful than did the controls. However, the conclusion that neglect is related to living in settings that are socially impoverished was not supported by independent interviews with neighbors. Rather, it appeared that neglectful mothers are often isolated by those around them. Because they are seen as deviant and unlikely to reciprocate help, they do not have access to such support as there may be in their ecology. A new model is presented for preventive, community-based intervention, based on the findings of the research.
Hybrid lithography optimization with E-Beam and immersion processes for 16nm 1D gridded design

Since some of major IC industry participants are moving to the highly regular 1D gridded designs to enable scaling to sub-20nm nodes, how to manufacture the randomly distributed cuts with reasonable throughput and process variation becomes a big challenge. With the help of hybrid lithography, people can apply different types of processes for one single layer manufacturing such that the advantages from different technologies can be combined together to further benefit manufacturing. In this paper, targeting cut printing difficulties and hybrid lithography with electron beam (E-Beam) and 193 nm immersion (193i) processes, we propose a novel algorithm to optimally assign cuts to 193i or E-Beam processes with proper modifications on cut distribution, in order to maximize the overall throughput. To validate our method, we construct our algorithm based on the forbidden patterns obtained from the optical simulation; then we formulate the redistribution problem into a well defined ILP problem and finally call a reliable solver to solve the whole problem. Experimental results show that the throughput is dramatically improved by the cut redistribution. Besides that, for sparser layers, the EBL process can be totaly saved, which largely reduces the fabrication cost.
Supported metal complex catalysts

Abstract Metal complexes supported on porous solids have been found to be active catalysts for hydrocarbon conversion reactions, both in the presence and absence of a solubilizing liquid phase. Four of the metal complexes were more active when dissolved in a liquid phase: an isomerization catalyst, RhCl3; three hydroformylation catalysts, (Pφ3)2RhCOCl, (Asφ3)2RhCOCl and Co2(CO)6 (PBu3)2. For the hydrogenation catalyst (Pφ3)3 RhCl, however, the supported solid catalyst was appreciably more active than its supported liquid-phase counterpart. An active supported liquid-phase catalyst can be made from almost any type of non-volatile catalyst solution, provided that the reactants and products are gases at reaction conditions.
The relationship between social behavior and severity of language impairment.

The Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (C. H. Hart & C. C. Robinson, 1996) was used to compare the withdrawn and sociable behaviors of 41 children with specific language impairment (SLI) and 41 typicall...
Mercury Contamination of Fish in the Ojibwa Diet: II. Sensory Evoked Responses in Rats Fed Walleye

The Ojibwa people of the upper Great Lakes in the United States have a long history of utilizing walleye cat ght by spear fishing as a major part of their diets. Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) have been collected and prepared inlo fillets using traditional methods, submitted for total mercury (Hg) analysis, and fed to laboratory rats in standard neurotoxicity protocols to determine the human health risks associated with consuming these fish. Wisconsin officials recommend avoiding the consumption of fish containing more than 0.5 ppm Hg. Laboratory rodent neurotoxicity bicassays included blending composite fish samples of 0.8, 0.4, and 0.2 ppm total mercury and feeding it to 48 young adult female Long Evans rats for 90 days. Standard behavioral assessments included: clinical neurologic observations, motor activity, and accelerating rotarod. Twelve of the 48 rats were surgically implanted for electrodiagnostic evaluations using sensoiy evoked potentials with auditory and visual stimuli. Auditory (clicks) responses were relatively stable and unaffected by Hg laden diets. However, visual evoked responses at low flash intensities demonstrated a dose related slowing of brain visual processing activity. Methylmercury contamination is known to affect visual systems, and visual evoked brain potentials are apparently sensitive indicators of dietary Hg.
Tryptamine: potentiation of its hyperthermic effect in rabbits by various monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

Summary In rabbits pretreated with the nonselective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors pheniprazine or tranylcypromine, administration of tryptamine evoked a marked elevation in colonic temperature. On the other hand, pretreatment with clorgyline or pargyline, which preferentially inhibit MAO-A and MAO-B respectively, were generally unable to promote tryptamine-induced hyperthermia. However, higher doses of clorgyline or pargyline which inhibit MAO nonselectively did result in significant hyperthermic responses. These data demonstrate the need to inhibit both MAO-A and MAO-B for manifestation of the hyperthermic effect of tryptamine in rabbits.
Multiscale Characterization of Automotive Surface Coating Formation for Sustainable Manufacturing

Abstract Automotive surface coating manufacturing is one of the most sophisticated and expensive steps in automotive assembly. This step involves generating multiple thin layers of polymeric coatings on the vehicle surface through paint spray and curing in a multistage, dynamically changing environment. Traditionally, the quality control is solely post-process inspection based, and process operational adjustment is only experience based, thus the manufacturing may not be (highly) sustainable. In this article, a multiscale system modeling and analysis methodology is introduced for achieving a sustainable application of polymeric materials through paint spray and film curing in automotive surface coating manufacturing. By this methodology, the correlations among paint material, application processes and coating performance can be identified. The model-based analysis allows a comprehensive and deep study of the dynamic behaviors of the material, process, and product in a wide spectrum of length and time. Case studies illustrate the efficacy of the methodology for sustainable manufacturing.
Social and Political Thought of Julius Evola

Furlong's work fills a lacuna in the study of extremist thought and in so doing confirms the importance of Routledge's series dedicated to ‘Research in extremism and democracy’, of which this is th...
ω-Conotoxin inhibits glucose- and arachidonic acid-induced rises in intracellular [Ca2+] in rat pancreatic islet β-cells

Earlier studies suggest that the accumulation of non-esterified arachidonic acid (AA) in islets following stimulation with glucose participates in the glucose-induced secretion of insulin. A possible role for AA might include the facilitation of Ca2+ influx into islet beta-cells. Recently, we demonstrated that AA induces Ca2+ influx into purified rat pancreatic islet beta-cells, prepared by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This effect was abolished in the presence of the Ca(2+)-chelator EGTA, but was only partially reduced by the dihydropyridine (DHP) L-type Ca(2+)-channel blocker, nifedipine. This raised the possibility that DHP-insensitive Ca2+ entry mechanisms may exist in pancreatic beta-cells, in addition to the known DHP-sensitive L-type Ca2+ channels. Here we report that omega-conotoxin (CTX), which blocks omega-type Ca(2+)-channels, inhibits AA-induced Ca2+ influx by a magnitude similar to that of nifedipine and that the combination of omega-CTX and nifedipine results in a nearly additive decrement in AA-induced increases in beta-cell cytosolic [Ca2+]. We further demonstrate that bovine serum albumin, which complexes free AA and prevents AA-induced increases in cytosolic [Ca2+], also inhibits the glucose-induced increase in beta-cell [Ca2+]. These results suggest that rat pancreatic FACS-purified islet beta-cells express omega-type (DHP-insensitive) Ca(2+)-channels, in addition to DHP-sensitive Ca(2+)-channels. They further suggest that the glucose-induced accumulation of non-esterified AA in the membranes of beta-cells serves to amplify glucose-mediated Ca2+ influx into the beta-cells.
Temperature Effects on Efficacy of Choetospila elegans (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Suppress Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Stored Wheat

Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the parasitoid wasp Choetospila elegans (Westwood) for controlling Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), lesser grain borer, in wheat at 32 and 25°C. The 2 temperature regimes were used to simulate an unaerated bin of wheat and a bin aerated at harvest time. Two adult male and 2 adult female R. dominica were each released into containers with 19 kg of hard red winter wheat. An equal number of adult C. elegans were released into half of the containers. Half the containers were kept at 2.5°C and half at 32°C. Suppression of R. dominica population growth by C. elegans was much greater at 25 than at 32°C. After 161 d, R. dominica density in the containers with C. elegans was 9,l85/kg at 32°C, and 10/kg at 25°C. At 25°C, C. elegans was able to locate and parasitize most of the larvae that were produced by the adult beetles. This resulted in a very high level of population suppression (99% in comparison to the control at 25°C). In contrast, at 32°C, beetle suppression was only 50% in comparison to containers without C. elegans at this temperature. This study suggests that when augmentative parasite releases are made with C. elegans, better host suppression would be achieved by cooling the grain to 25°C shortly after harvest, rather than leaving it unaerated for the summer.
Myocardial perfusion imaging in a patient with chest pain.

An 81-year-old man with diabetes, hypertension, known coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and chronic congestive heart failure presented to the hospital with chest pain. He had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the past and had received a permanent pacemaker for conduction abnormality. Electrocardiography was nondiagnostic because of paced rhythm. The cardiac enzymes were negative for acute myocardial infarction. The patient underwent pharmacologic stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images showed an enlarged left ventricle with a large scar involving the inferior wall, apex, and inferoseptal segment with no ischemia (Figure 1). The left ventricular ejection fraction was impaired, at 36%. Interestingly, on raw rotating cine images (Figure 2A), no radiotracer uptake was noticed in the area of the gall bladder, and gastrointestinal radiotracer activity was unusually low, indicating significant biliary obstruction. Adenosine-Cardiolite SPECT 1 year ago (Figure 2B) showed a normal outline of the gall bladder and radiotracer activity in the gastrointestinal tract. There was no change in perfusion and left ventricular function between the previous and present studies. Serum chemistry was consistent with acute biliary
Angle Domain Analytical Model for End Milling Forces

This paper presents the development of an explicit expression of cutting force waveforms in end milling with helical multi-flute cutters. From the relationship of elemental cutting forces and chip load, the net cutting forces are analytically formulated based on the integration of elemental cutting forces in the feed, cross feed, and axial directions. This formulation leads to a solution of force waveforms as algebraic functions of tool geometry, machining parameters, cutting configuration, and workpiece material properties. The closed-form nature of the resulting model facilitates force estimation and process optimization without resorting to numerical iterations. The theoretical error of prediction due to the truncation of higher frequency terms is analyzed. It provides a guideline for choosing the model size for given error tolerance. It also offers an understanding of upper bound of prediction error for a known number of approximating terms used in the model. In the paper end milling experimental results were examined over a range of conditions to verify the analytical model in the context of waveform, power spectrum, and model size effect.
Lateralizing language with magnetic source imaging: validation based on the Wada test.

Summary Purpose: Magnetoencephalography (MEG)/magnetic source imaging (MSI) is a noninvasive functional neuroimaging procedure used to localize language-specific regions in the brain. The Wada test, or intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP), is the gold standard in determining speech/language lateralization for presurgical planning, although it is invasive and associated with morbidity. The purpose of this study is to provide further validation on the use of MSI for presurgical language lateralization by comparing results against the IAP. Methods: The sample consisted of 35 patients with epilepsy and/or brain tumor undergoing presurgical evaluation at the Minnesota Epilepsy Group. All patients received both an IAP and MSI to determine hemispheric language dominance. For MSI, a 148-channel MEG system was used to record activation of language-specific cortex by an auditory word-recognition task. Results: The MSI and IAP were concordant in determining language in the hemisphere to be treated in 86% of the cases with sensitivity and specificity values of 80% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The results from this study are consistent with prior research findings comparing functional neuroimaging procedures to the IAP in determining language lateralization in presurgical patients. The current study provides an important replication and support for Papanicolaou et al.'s findings in 2004 using a consecutive clinical sample from a different institution. An unusually high rate of atypical IAP language cases in this sample and differences between the two procedures are believed to explain the noted discrepancies. MSI is a viable noninvasive alternative to the IAP in the presurgical determination of language lateralization.
Estimating hydrogeologic parameters from radar data

Radar reflections for a layered medium are dependant on the dielectric constants of the layers, which is closely linked to saturated porosity, and more loosely to hydraulic conductivity. Radar data have been obtained at a site where hydraulic conductivity has been measured in great detail. The radar cross section from the site clearly shows layering within the section, and it is tantalizing to predict that the hydraulic conductivities also persist along the bedding surfaces. The radar trace may be converted to a band limited pseudo-dielectric constant log by the same methods used to estimate an acoustic velocity log in seismic work. Thus, the resulting dielectric constant section can be converted to pseudo-porosity and pseudohydraulic conductivity displays. But, because of the limited bandwidth of the radar signal, it is tricky to invert the radar traces to yield dielectric constant and ultimately hydraulic conductivity. The main computations are 1. deconvolution with Seismic Unix routines and 2. conversion to dielectric constant including filtering to minimize numerical instabilities.
A model for unsteady transonic indicial responses

A method of characterizing the indicial curve for the response frequencies of flutter in the transonic regime by means of a time scale parameter is illustrated. Time linearization of the unsteady potential equation is assumed adequate and the perturbed potential about a steady flow is defined with appropriate boundary conditions. An indicial motion can then be obtained for a given mode, with the lift and drag coefficients which result from a step change in incidence or control surface deflection available to describe any kind of motion. The lift and drag coefficients are shown to result analytically by addition of the multiplicand involving the time scale parameter. If the coefficients are maximized, then at reduced frequencies only two parameters are necessary to form the indicial response curve.
M-Finder: Functional association mining from protein interaction networks weighted by semantic similarity

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) play a key role in understanding functional behavior of genes. Discovering association patterns from PPI networks is crucial for functional characterization on a system level. We present a novel approach to discover the functional association pattern of a query gene from the genome-wide PPI networks. This approach consists of two major components. First, we transform the PPI network to a weighted graph representation by measuring semantic similarity. Three enhanced semantic similarity methods are proposed to estimate functional closeness of each interacting pair. Second, we apply a dynamic propagation algorithm to detect the functional association pattern of a gene, represented as a sub-network. The size of the sub-networks is flexibly determined by user-specific parameters. In this paper, we also introduce an interactive web application, called M-Finder, to visualize the functional association pattern of a gene entered by a user. The semantic similarity measures and the dynamic propagation algorithm are embedded in this tool to run on up-to-date PPI networks of model species. M-Finder allows users to carry out further systematic analysis for functional characterization on the genomic scale.
A Study of Decision-Making Within the Firm

I. Freight yards, 516 — II. Output and employment decisions, 517. — III. Switching output, 518. — IV. Delivery output, 523. — V. Aversion functions, 526. — VI. Costs and the complete model, 528. — VII. Tests and prediction, 529. — VIII. Summary and conclusions, 535.
Effect of re-use of Rana pipiens upon the accuracy of the pregnancy test.

INTRODUCTION VARYING degrees of accuracy have been reported in using Rana pipiens as a pregnancy test animal (1–5). In all of these reports, the frogs were employed for only one determination. Indeed, Cutler (6) has maintained that R. pipiens cannot be used with reliability after the first test, if the result has been positive. Thorberg (7), on the other hand, has shown that Bufo bufo and R. esculenta can be used over again without loss of accuracy. The data presented here demonstrate the accuracy which was obtained using R. pipiens as many as five times for pregnancy testing. METHODS From 8 to 10 new frogs as received from suppliers1 were placed in 8″×8″ battery jars containing 1 inch of tap water to which powdered sulfadiazine was added. The jars were immediately placed in a refrigerator set at 6° C. and kept under constant illumination by a 100-watt unfiltered Mazda bulb (8). Frogs were removed from the refrigerator as needed and placed in dry battery jars during the test period.
Cyclin D1 (PRAD1, CCND1) and glutathione-S-transferase π gene expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Chromosome 11q13 amplification has been identified in a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HN only two of these were coamplified for GST-pi. Immunopositivity with anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19 but not anti-GST-pi significantly correlated with 11q13 amplification (P < .0001). Of the 28 tumors positive with anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19, however, only 18 (64%) were amplified for 11q13, and six amplified tumors did not react with the no. 19 antibody. A strong trend was noted between anticyclin D1 antibody no. 19 reactivity and a hypopharyngeal primary site (P = .053), but no correlations were observed between immunoreactivity and cytological grade, architectural pattern, pathological stage, and disease-free or overall survival. The inconsistent association of cyclin D1 immunoreactivity with 11q13 amplification indicates that other mechanisms may exist for protein overexpression. Immunoreactivity for the GST-pi protein is prevalent in H&N SCC but is clearly unassociated with amplification. In this series, the presence or extent of cyclin D1 and GST-pi immunoreactivity was of no proven prognostic benefit in H&N SCC.
Parent emotional expressiveness and children's self-regulation: Associations with abused children's school functioning

Objective Identifying factors associated with school functioning of abused children is important in prevention of long-term negative outcomes associated with school failure. The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which parent emotional expressiveness and children's self-regulation predicted early school behavior of abused children.
Infanticide by Adult and Subadult Males in Free‐ranging Red Howler Monkeys, Alouatta seniculus, in Venezuela

After 15 males invaded troops of wild red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) present in Venezuela during the period from Apr. 1989 to May 1991, five infant killings and eight infant disappearances occurred. Among the eight groups that were invaded, 10 infants of less than 3 mo old and three of over 5 mo old were killed either by the adult or subadult males, or disappeared. However, on the five occasions of invasion, none of the nine infants were killed. In two other groups, there were no infants present at the time of invasion. It was also noted that no infant of kin of the invading males was killed. At least six of the females that had lost their infant during such invasion subsequently copulated both with the invader as with the original resident male. In one case, a female copulated with the resident male of a neighbouring group. In the four cases of subadult males committing infanticide there was no immediate sexual access to the females. The data presented here are inconsistent with the reproductive sexual-advantage hypothesis, but consistent with the hypothesis concerning food competition.
The in vitro production of Dane‐like particles: Is it live or memorex?

Closed-circular HBV DNA was introduced into cells of the established human hepatoma culture HepG2. The culture medium of one of 40 single-cell clones contained HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), core-related antigens (HBc/eAg), and HBV DNA sequences. HBV DNA and DNA polymerase activity were detected in particles resembling both nucleocapsids and complete virions (Dane particles). Intracellular integrated and extrachromosomal HBV DNA sequences were detected. Relaxed-circular and single-stranded forms of viral DNA were identified as likely replicative intermediates of the HBV genome. In conclusion, in vitro production of Dane-like particles by transformed human hepatocytes has been achieved. This model should be valuable as a cell culture system for studying virus replication and virus-host cells interactions.