cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet properties of the symbiotic stars

Prior to the launch of the IDE satellite in early 1978, the only symbiotic star previously detected in the ultraviolet by earlier UV satellites, such as the OAO-2, TD-1 and ANS experiments, was AG Pegasi = HD 207757 (Gallager et al. 1979). These broad-band observations indicated that the symbiotics as a class may show a significant ultraviolet flux and thus they became natural candidates for a survey with the IUE satellite. The following is an interim report on a survey of the symbiotics, both at low and, for AG Pegasi and CH Cygni, at high resolution.
Changing risk factors for pediatric infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis in children is an uncommon infection. Three major groups of children are at risk: 1) those with underlying congenital heart disease, 2) those with central vascular catheters, and 3) children infected with certain virulent organisms. Although the overall incidence of infective endocarditis has increased, the population of children involved has changed. Children with corrected congenital heart disease are at risk during the early postoperative period. Children in whom vascular shunts or grafts are employed remain at the highest risk for endocarditis. Use of central vascular catheters increases risk in children with underlying heart disease and those with normal hearts. Finally, certain pathogens attack the heart valves and cause high morbidity and mortality.
Oxalate content of selected pasta products

About 75% of kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium oxalate, and hyperoxaluria is a primary risk factor for this disorder. Since pasta products are widely consumed and absorbed dietary oxalate can make a significant contribution to urinary oxalate levels, the oxalate content of various types of pasta was analyzed using an enzymatic method. The majority of pasta products had total oxalate contents that ranged from 20 to 30 mg/100 g wet weight and soluble oxalate contents that ranged from 5 to 12 mg/100 g. Products lowest in total oxalate were spaghetti and brown rice pasta. Pasta products that contained vegetable powders among the listed ingredients were highest in oxalate, and the proportion of spinach powder in these samples was an important determinant of oxalate content. The overall data suggested that most types of pasta are at least moderately high in oxalate.
Cationic influence in anionic organoaluminum chemistry. Synthesis and structure of dimethylthallium isothio-cyanatotrimethylaluminate

Abstract The reaction of TISCN with Al(CH 3 ) 3 has been found to yield [(CH 3 ) 2 Tl] [Al(CH 3 ) 3 NCS]. The crystal structure of dimethylthallium isothio-cyanatotrimethylaluminate has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data measured by counter methods. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C 2/ m with cell dimensions a = 16.031(8), b = 12.447(6), c = 6.410(3) A, β = 106.17(5)°, and ρ calc = 1.99 g/cm 3 for Z = 4. Least-squares refinement has given a conventional weighted R factor of 0.073 for 587 independent observed reflections. The anion lies in a crystallographic mirror plane, and the thallium atom resides on a two-fold axis. The coordination requirements of the thallium atom are believed to be responsible for the stabilization of the N-bonding mode of the isothiocyanate group in the anion.
The effect of 313 nanometer light on initiation of replicons in mammalian cell DNA containing bromodeoxyuridine.

Abstract After unifilar substitution of thymine with bromouracil in either human HeLa or bovine cells, exposure to 313 nm light inhibits initiation of clusters of replicons. Since this treatment results in damage only to DNA and because the effect is the same as observed after 100–1000 rads of X-ray irradiation to the same cells, we infer that the effect of the latter treatment is also mediated almost exclusively by DNA damage.
Impact of Economic Pressures on American Libraries and Their Decisions concerning Scholarly and Research Journal Acquisition and Retention.

(1979). Impact of economic pressures on American libraries and their decisions concerning scholarly and research journal acquisition and retention. Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory: Vol. 3, No. 3-4, pp. 153-237.
High-resolution land surface modeling utilizing remote sensing parameters and the Noah UCM: a case study in the Los Angeles Basin

In the current work we investigate the utility of remote-sensing-based surface parameters in the Noah UCM (urban canopy model) over a highly developed urban area. Landsat and fused Landsat–MODIS data are utilized to generate high-resolution (30 m) monthly spatial maps of green vegetation fraction (GVF), impervious surface area (ISA), albedo, leaf area index (LAI), and emissivity in the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The gridded remotely sensed parameter data sets are directly substituted for the land-use/lookup-table-based values in the Noah-UCM modeling framework. Model performance in reproducing ET (evapotranspiration) and LST (land surface temperature) fields is evaluated utilizing Landsat-based LST and ET estimates from CIMIS (California Irrigation Management Information System) stations as well as in situ measurements. Our assessment shows that the large deviations between the spatial distributions and seasonal fluctuations of the default and measured parameter sets lead to significant errors in the model predictions of monthly ET fields (RMSE = 22.06 mm month −1 ). Results indicate that implemented satellite-derived parameter maps, particularly GVF, enhance the capability of the Noah UCM to reproduce observed ET patterns over vegetated areas in the urban domains (RMSE = 11.77 mm month −1 ). GVF plays the most significant role in reproducing the observed ET fields, likely due to the interaction with other parameters in the model. Our analysis also shows that remotely sensed GVF and ISA improve the model's capability to predict the LST differences between fully vegetated pixels and highly developed areas.
Some observations on the early development of the optic tectum in the frog (Rana pipiens), with special reference to the effects of early eye removal on mitotic activity in the larval tectum.

Following unilateral eye removal in Rana pipiens at embryonic stages 21–24 there is a statistically significant reduction in the numbers of mitoses found in the contralateral optic tectum at larval stage XIV amounting to approximately 16 per cent. Most of the reduction in mitotic activity occurs in the rostral third of the tectum and does not appear to involve its caudal pole, where cell proliferation is most vigorous. Since thymidine autoradiography indicates that the majority (if not all) of the cells being generated in the rostral third of the tectum at stage XIV are either glial or ependymal cells, it is suggested that the primary effect of eye removal on cell proliferation in the tectum is upon gliogenesis. Using the autoradiographic method for tracing axonal connections, it has been found that the axons of the retinal ganglion cells reach the tectum by embryonic stage 22, and by larval stage XIV have spread to all but its caudomedial region.
Input for Instructed L2 Learners: The Relevance of Relevance by NIŻEGORODCEW, ANNA

The article reviews the book "Input for Instructed L2 Learners: The Relevance of Relevance," by Anna Nizegorodcew.
Computer simulations of the evolution of solidification microstructure in the LENS™ rapid fabrication process

Abstract A modified cellular automaton-based method is developed to study the evolution of the solidification grain microstructure during the LENS™ rapid fabrication process. The method is coupled with a finite difference-based procedure for computation of the temperature field during both the substrate re-melting/feed-powder injection stage and the solidification stage of the LENS™ process. A distribution of the potency of nucleation sites is used to model heterogeneous nucleation both within the melt pool and at the substrate/melt interface. The dendrites are enabled to grow preferentially in the cubic crystallographic directions and the kinetics of dendrite-tips motion is assumed to be controlled by the local undercooling. The method developed enables the establishment of the relationships between the LENS™ process parameters (e.g. laser power, laser velocity), and the resulting solidification microstructure in any binary metallic material. The application of the model to Al–7.0 wt.% Si alloys yielded results which are in a generally good agreement with their experimental counterparts.
Navigating the G Schedule

SUMMARY The author explores the development and use of the Library of Congress Classification G schedule. The organization of the schedule is discussed, as is the application of the schedule to the creation of class numbers. Some weaknesses of the schedule are also discussed.
Plastic anisotropy of lif and other rocksalt-type crystals

Abstract The stresses needed to cause 〈110〉 dislocations to move on {100} as compared with {110} planes have been measured in torsion tests in LiF and in potassium halide crystals. Glide is much more difficult on {100} planes than on {110} planes in LiF, except for temperatures above about 400°C. It is shown that the ease of {100} glide increases relative to {110} glide through the series KCl→ KBr → KI and that PbTe prefers to glide on {100} planes. Thus {100} glide seems to be favored by high ionic polarizability as Buerger first suggested. These results show that the atomic structures at the cores of dislocations play an important role in the behaviors of alkali halide crystals.
Hemodynamic Assessment After Complete Repair of Pulmonary Atresia With Major Aortopulmonary Collaterals

Background Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals (PA/VSD/MAPCAs) is a complex form of congenital heart defect. There are limited data regarding late hemodynamics of patients after repair of PA/VSD/MAPCAs. This study evaluated the hemodynamics of patients who underwent complete repair of PA/VSD/MAPCSs and subsequently returned for a conduit change. Methods This was a retrospective review of 80 children undergoing a right ventricle (RV)-to-pulmonary artery conduit replacement after complete repair of PA/VSD/MAPCAs. All patients underwent preoperative cardiac catheterization to define the cardiac physiology. Patients were an average age of 6.5 ± 1.2 years, and the average interval between complete repair and conduit change was 4.5 ± 1.1 years. Results The preoperative cardiac catheterization demonstrated an average RV right peak systolic pressure of 70 ± 22 mm Hg and pulmonary artery pressure of 38 ± 14 mm Hg. This pressure gradient of 32 mm Hg reflects the presence of conduit obstruction. After conduit change, the intraoperative RV systolic pressure was 34 ± 8 mm Hg, similar to 36 ± 9 mm Hg at the conclusion of the previous complete repair. The corresponding RV/aortic pressure ratios were 0.36 ± 0.07 and 0.39 ± 0.09, respectively. Conclusions The data demonstrate that patients who underwent complete repair of PA/VSD/MAPCAs had nearly identical pulmonary artery pressures when they returned for conduit change some 4.5 years later. This finding indicates that the growth and development of the unifocalized pulmonary vascular bed is commensurate with visceral growth. We would hypothesize that complete repair, along with low RV pressures, will confer a long-term survival advantage.
Equal Quasi-Partition of p-Groups

Let S be a subgroup of a group G. A set \({\Pi= \{H_1, \ldots , H_n\}}\) of subgroups \({H_i (i = 1, \ldots ,n)}\) with \({G=\cup_{H_i\in\Pi}H_i}\) is said to be an equal quasi-partition of G if \({H_i\cap H_j\cong S}\) and \({|H_i|=|H_j|}\) for all \({H_i, H_j\in\Pi}\) with \({i\ne j}\) . In this paper we investigate finite p-groups such that a subset of their maximal subgroups form an equal quasi-partition.
Quantitative analysis of brain nuclear phosphoproteins identifies developmentally regulated phosphorylation events.

Protein phosphorylation is a globally adopted and tightly controlled post-translational modification, and represents one of the most important molecular switching mechanisms that govern the entire spectrum of biological processes. In the central nervous system, it has been demonstrated that phosphorylation of key proteins mediating chromatin remodeling and gene transcription plays an important role controlling brain development, synaptogenesis, learning and memory. Many studies have focused on large scale identification of phosphopeptides in brain tissue. These studies have identified phosphorylation site specific motifs useful for predicting protein kinase substrates. In this study, we applied a previously developed quantitative approach, stable isotope labeling of amino acids in mammals (SILAM), to quantify changes in the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins between a postnatal day one (p1) and a p45 rat brain cortex. Using a 15N labeled rat brain as an internal standard, we quantified 705 phosphopeptide...
Ownership, Agency, and Defeat

In this article, I respond to Jennifer Duke-Yonge’s (2012) discussion of my article ‘Reflective Luck and Belief Ownership’ (Breyer, Acta Analytica, 25:133–154, 2010) and defend my Taking Responsibility account of belief ownership against her insightful criticisms.
Pharmacologic Properties of Phenyl N-tert-Butylnitrone

Phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) is the parent of a family of nitrones used as spin-trapping agents to trap free radicals. PBN's pharmacological effects in animal models are extensive, ranging from protection against death after endotoxin shock, protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury, to increasing the life span of mice. Recent additions to the list include protection from bacterial meningitis, thalidomide-induced teratogenicity, drug-induced diabetogenesis, and choline-deficient hepatocarcinogenesis. Because PBN reacts with oxygen radicals to produce less reactive species, it has been suggested that this is the basis of its pharmacological effects. However, there has been no hard evidence for this notation. Nevertheless, many investigators have used the presence of PBN's pharmacologic effect as evidence for free radical involvement in their models. Mechanistic studies on the PBN's antisepsis action revealed that PBN inhibits expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, suggesting that the protective action involves more than a straightforward free radical-scavenging mechanism. Previous and recent developments in the investigations on the pharmacologic properties of PBN are described in this review.
Preparation and standardization of antigens of Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides immitis

Methods have been developed for the separation and purification of various antigenically active cellular components ofH. capsulatum (34) andC. immitis (35), and chemical procedures have been employed in the characterization of these antigens. The concluding remarks illustrate the current trends in immunological studies ofH. capsulatum andC. immitis. Hopefully, these approaches will provide knowledge and insight into the basic biological properties ofH. capsulatum andC. immitis and should, in the future, culminate in the physicochemical characterization of their important antigens.
Proximity to industrial toxins and childhood respiratory, developmental, and neurological diseases: environmental ascription in East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana

Recent research has identified East Baton Rouge Parish (EBR), Louisiana, as a locus of particularly high volumes of emissions of developmental neurotoxins, i.e., those toxins that put children’s health and, especially, learning abilities at greatest risk. This case study specifies the degree to which proximity to the main sources of these toxins in EBR is associated, in a bivariate sense, with high rates of neurodevelopmental diseases among children, as well as rates of childhood asthma, at the zip code level. We also examine the bivariate relationship between proximity to toxins and race and class. Even within this highly polluted context encompassing twenty zip codes, we find very strong patterns: disease rates are significantly higher in zip codes close to pollution “hot spots” than in more distant zip codes, as are percent minority and percent poverty. These patterns add to the body of evidence on “environmental ascription”, the existence of multiple, overlapping ascriptions based on race, class, and “place”, with additional emphasis on, and implications for, children’s health.
Mode-coupling analysis of bending losses in IR metallic waveguides.

The bending losses of infrared metallic waveguides are studied by a mode-coupling analysis. Previous results obtained for slab waveguides are confirmed. The high losses observed in practice with circular guides are explained by the near degeneracy between the TE01 and TM11 modes. The method is also used to study losses due to nonsteady-state propagation, such as caused by input mismatch or varying bend radii. Circular metallic waveguides with a thin dielectric lining on the inside could perform better than unlined guides, from the points of view of uniform bending losses and single-mode propagation under arbitrary bends.
Axial mixing of particles in rotary dryers and coolers.

For the purpose of making clear the mechanism involved in the axial mixing of particles in rotary dryers and coolers, the axial mixing of particles in batch systems was measured. The diffusion model has been applied to the axial mixing of particles in batch and continuous systems and the influence of the operating variables on the diffusion coefficient in batch systems and on the axial dispersion coefficient in continuous systems has been examined. As a result, it is found that the influence of the operating variables on both the coefficients is essentially the same and that the ratio of diffusion coefficient to axial dispersion coefficient is approximately equal to 0.7 under the same experimental conditions. This result indicates that as the axial mixing of particles in the batch system is considered to be due to collision and bounce between the particles falling from the flights and the bare wall, the lifting flights and the particles deposited in the lower part of the dryer collision and bounce may be a major mechanism involved in the axial mixing of particles in continuous rotary dryers and coolers.
Performance of a combined organic Rankine cycle and vapor compression cycle for heat activated cooling

Heat activated cooling has the potential of utilizing thermal sources that currently go unused such as engine exhaust heat or industrial waste heat. Using these heat sources can provide enhanced energy utilization and reduced fuel usage in applications where cooling is needed. The concept developed here uses waste heat from stationary and mobile engine cycles to generate cooling for structures and vehicles. It combines an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with a conventional vapor compression cycle. A nominal 5 kW cooling capacity prototype system was developed based on this concept and tested under laboratory conditions. In order to maintain high system performance while reducing size and weight for portable applications, microchannel based heat transfer components and scroll based expansion and compression were used. Although the system was tested off of its design point, it performed well achieving 4.4 kW of cooling at a measured heat activated COP of 0.48. Both the conversion and 2nd law efficiencies were close to the model results, proving it to be an attractive technology. The measured isentropic efficiency of the scroll expander reached 84%, when the pressure ratio was close to the scroll intrinsic expansion ratio. The reduced cooling capacity was attributed to off design operation.
ASSOCIATION OF RACE, APGAR SCORE AT FIVE MINUTES AND FORMULA FEEDING WITH RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY (ROP) AMONG VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (VLBW) INFANTS.† 1181

To investigate factors associated with ROP incidence among VLBW infants during hospitalization, the medical records of all consecutive admissions of VLBW infants at the Georgetown University Medical Center from January 1992 through September 1993 (283) were reviewed. Infants who expired before ROP exams were obtained (72), those who were reverse transported to other hospitals and for whom ROP exams were unavailable (31), and those whose records were unavailable (6) were excluded. Logistic regression was carried out to determine which factors were significant predictors of ROP presence or absence. Initially, 27 factors that were associated with increased ROP incidence in this group of infants were entered into a logistic regression model. Five factors remained as independently predictive of ROP.Table
Kinetics of anisotropic photopolymerization in polymer matrix

Abstract The photopolymerization mechanism is investigated in films consisting of a rigid plasticized polymeric matrix, photoinitiator and monomer. These photopolymers are widely used commercially in electronics, printing and holography. Illumination, typically from one side, initiates a chemical sequence that records the incident light pattern in the polymer. A method developed in our laboratory is employed to monitor the course of reaction. The photopolymerization rate and yield vary greatly with the distance from the film surface because of the high optical density of the film and the presence of oxygen. Monomer and oxygen migrate towards the illuminated surface of the film where most of the excitation and reagent consumption takes place. Thus the unidirectional illumination creates a spatially anisotropic distribution of reactants and products. A semiempirical computer model of the spatial dependence of photopolymerization kinetics is presented. Photopolymerization kinetics are studied as a function of film thickness, light intensity and rate of monomer diffusion. Calculations explain the experimentally observed kinetics and predict the time dependence of the polymer distribution in the film.
Ternary equilibria in bismuth-indium-lead alloys

Abstract The liquidus surface is characterized by three binary equilibria. One binary extends from the Pb-Bi peritectic to the Pb-In peritectic. The other two extend from In-Bi eutectics, merge at 50 a/o Bi and 30 a/o Pb, and end at the Bi-Pb eutectic. Based on analysis of ternary liquidus contours and vertical sections, it is suggested that solidification for high lead and very high indium alloys occurs from two-phase equilibria. Solidification from all other alloys occurs from three-phase equilibria. Four-phase solidification does not occur in this system.
The effect of dynamic annealing on dynamic strain aging phenomena in commercial purity titanium

A study has been made of the effect of dynamic annealing, associated with climb, on the dynamic strain aging phenomena in commercial purity titanium. In speciemens deformed at a strain-rate of 10−4 s−1 with an average grain diam of about 17 μm, dynamic annealing starts to become important at the temperature of the major work hardening peak maximum. Metallographic evidence supports a conclusion that the shape of the high temperature side of the peak is determined largely by climb controlled processes. Reducing the grain size to 6 μm lowers the temperature, at which dynamic annealing becomes significant, enough so that the work hardening peak, the “blue-brittle” ductility minimum and the yield stress plateau are either nearly eliminated or greatly reduced in importance.
Localization of the N-terminal Domain of the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor

The low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor is a transmembrane glycoprotein performing "receptor-mediated endocytosis" of cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. At the N terminus, the LDL receptor has modular cysteine-rich repeats in both the ligand binding domain and the epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor homology domain. Each repeat contains six disulfide-bonded cysteine residues, and this structural motif has also been found in many other proteins. The bovine LDL receptor has been purified and reconstituted into egg yolk phosphatidylcholine vesicle bilayers. Using gel electrophoresis and cryoelectron microscopy (cryoEM), the ability of the reconstituted LDL receptor to bind its ligand LDL has been demonstrated. After reduction of the disulfide-bonds in the N-terminal domain of the receptor, the reduced LDL receptor was visualized using cryoEM; reduced LDL receptors showed images with a diffuse density region at the distal end of the extracellular domain. Gold labeling of the reduced cysteine residues was achieved with monomaleimido-Nanogold, and the bound Nanogold was visualized in cryoEM images of the reduced, gold-labeled receptor. Multiple gold particles were observed in the diffuse density region at the distal end of the receptor. Thus, the location of the ligand binding domain of the LDL receptor has been determined, and a model is suggested for the arrangement of the seven cysteine-rich repeats of the ligand binding domain and two EGF-like cysteine-rich repeats of the EGF precursor homology domain.
Surface Energy Variation Effect on the Onset of Thermocapillary Instability of a Thin Liquid Layer Heated from the Side

A general interfacial energy balance equation taking into account surface energy variation is derived for viscous two-layer flows. Application of this interfacial energy equation to a thin liquid layer heated from one side using a one-layer model shows that thermocapillary induced surface energy variation has a tendency to Stabilize the system, resulting in an increase in the critical Marangoni number for the onset of thermocapillary instability. Thermocapillary induced surface energy variation tends to decrease the temperature of hot surface spots and increase the temperature of cold surface spots through an absorb-release mechanism. This absorb-release mechanism increases the free surfaces capability to convect thermal energy from hot spots to cold spots and thus redistributes the disturbance energy evenly across the free surface. This new stabilizing effect becomes stronger at high surface temperature and at high surface dilatation rate
The feeding response to beta-adrenergic active agents during induced compensatory growth in rats.

Des drogues dites β adrenergiques et pourvues d'activite agoniste et antagoniste furent injectees a des rats a jeun et prealablement soumis a un programme de croissance normale, restreinte ou compensatrice afin de verifier durant l'hyperphagie induite naturellement il y a suppression dans la sensitivite du systeme de satiete dit β. Les resultats obtenus ne soutinrent pas une telle hypothese, cependant confirmerent l'immaturite fonctionnelle apparente du systeme chez les jennes animaux, objet d'une precedente publication.
Global Positioning System (GPS) Elevations And Geoid Corrections In Geophysical Surveys With Examples In Nevada, North Dakota And Ecuador

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is referenced to a mathematical ellipsoid surface (h) approximating the geoid surface (H), mean sea level. Geoidal undulations , an equipotential surface of gravity, are caused by the mass heterogeneity of the earth. Maps are referenced to mean sea level so models of the geoid undulations N computed from gravity can be used to correct ellipsoid elevations to mean sea level by h = H + N. Models of N exist for the world and selected smaller regions with various resolutions and accuracy. Users of GPS should understand what is the reliability of a particular geoid model by knowing how it is computed and if a better resolution and accuracy if required is possible. Three areas have been studied which demonstrate factors which effect geoidal computations; central Nevada in the Basin and Range Province, the North Dakota craton and the southeast Ecuador Amazon Basin/east flank of the Andes. Possible improvements in geoid models are considered by densifying gravity data and/or computing higher frequency geoids. The best indicators of geoidal undulations are the local variation of topography , the Free-air gravity anomalies and the Bouguer anomalies when topography is subdued with a rule of thumb of 3.0 mGa1 anomaly/centimeter undulation. The errors from mixing combinations of ellipsoid and mean sea level elevation corrected gravity data can be significant in relation to the required 0.1 milligal accuracy common in exploration especially when something better than the global model is not available.
Interplane and intraplane heat transport in quasi-two-dimensional nodal superconductors

We analyze the behavior of the thermal conductivity in quasi-two-dimensional superconductors with line nodes. Motivated by measurements of the anisotropy between the interplane and intraplane thermal transport in $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Ir}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ we show that a simple model of the open Fermi surface with vertical line nodes is insufficient to describe the data. We propose two possible extensions of the model taking into account (a) additional modulation of the gap along the axial direction of the open Fermi surface and (b) dependence of the interplane tunneling on the direction of the in-plane momentum. We discuss the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity anisotropy and its low $T$ limit in these two models and compare the results with a model with a horizontal line of nodes (``hybrid gap''). We discuss possible relevance of each model for the symmetry of the order parameter in $\mathrm{Ce}\mathrm{Ir}{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$, and suggest further experiments aimed at clarifying the shape of the superconducting gap.
DNA-modified Carbon Nanotubes for Self-assembling and Biosensing Applications

Abstract We have demonstrated that specific DNA sequences could be covalently immobilized onto acid-oxidized and plasma-activated carbon nanotubes. While various functional supramolecular structures could be prepared by self-assembling of the acid-oxidized carbon nanotubes attached with DNA chains of complementary sequences, the DNA-immobilized aligned carbon nanobues have been demonstrated to be significant for sensing complementary DNA and/or target DNA chains of specific sequences with a high sensitivity and selectivity.
Utility over time: The homothetic case

The purpose of this paper is to show how the economics of choice over time can be strengthened by introduction of restrictive assumptions, namely, additivity and homotheticity of utility. We consider applications to labor SUPPlY 2 savings behavior, and long-run distribution and welfare measurement. Labor supply is mainly a function of the ratio of non-labor income to the wage rate. Savings generally increase with increases in the rate of interest. In the long run, distribution is not much dependent upon initial wealth, and instead is mainly determined by attitudes towards time. In the long run, the “as-if” social utility function is often well measured by consumer surplus. The applications appear to be strong. Therefore, it is appropriate to begin with a general argument for the main assumptions to be imposed. Two early contributions to the economics of time are by Becker [ 1 ] and Koopmans [ 111. The former presents a general framework without any specific assumptions about utility over time. At most, there is a homogeneous technology to produce consumption from goods and time (Pollak and Wachter [ 131). Koopmans [ 1 l] adds highly intuitive assumptions to show utility additive and discounted over time. Koopmans’ analysis could be extended to cases where utility is additive merely between remote time periods (see Rader [ 15, pp. 161-1851). This would correspond to the realistic case where the influence of distant consumption on preferences is negligible. Additivity must be reinterpreted in terms of a shifting environment of current consumption plus consumption sufficiently contiguous in time. The analysis following could be adapted to this most compelling case. Merely adding utility over time does have implications for demand, for example, if complementaries occur between two goods they must occur between many others (e.g., [ 15, pp. 228-2331). However, the results are meager and insufficient for the kind of analysis economists generally want to apply. Therefore, we are led to add the assumption of homotheticity, namely, 219 0022.0531/81/050219-18$02.00/O
Blow-out fracture of the orbit. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations, and results in 90 patients treated

Summary On the basis of 90 patients with blow-out fracture of the orbit the authors present diagnostic methods, the treatment and follow-up results, mainly as regards visual function (diplopia) and aesthetics (enophthalmos). Surgery was performed in 77 cases, 6 patients were treated conservatively by eye muscle training, and 7 patients refused surgery. Surgery consisted in primary reconstruction of the orbit, exploration of the fracture site, freeing the entrapped soft tissues (periorbital tissues, eye muscles) and reconstruction of the defect with autogenous bone graft, followed by eye muscle surgery in caes of failure. After surgery no complications were observed. Results of treatment were evaluated by established methods elaborated by the authors, in the same order before and after surgery. Of 77 patients treated surgically recovery was obtained in 63.6%, marked improvement in 23.4%, slight improvement in 13.0%. In conclusion the authors state that: 1) in all cases ophthalmological examination is most important, 2) approach to the orbital floor or medial wall is best obtained by transconjunctival or subciliary incision, 3) in cases with a defect of the orbital floor the best material is autogenous bone graft. In linear fracture of the orbital floor and wall it is sufficient to free the entrapped tissues, 4) in all surgical patients eye muscle training proved effective.
Proprioceptive neurons of chordotonal organs in the crab, Cancer magister Dana (Decapoda, Brachyura)

The proprioceptive organs for the limbs of Cancer magister contain sensory endings embedded in an elastic strand to detect stretch and relaxation. The dynamic movement-sensitive neurons are of two types: those sensitive to relaxation and those sensitive to stretch of the chordotonal strand, which corresponds to flexion or extension of the joints. The cell bodies of sensory neurons associated with the planar chordotonal organs in the limbs are arranged within the elastic strand, whereas the organs that are more like a cord have the cell bodies of the dynamic movement-sensitive neurons outside the connective tissue strand. This study observed that the dynamic movement-sensitive neurons that are sensitive to relaxation have larger cell bodies than cells sensitive to stretch. No stretch-sensitive neurons were observed for the cord-shaped chordotonal organs. The static, position-sensitive neurons are distal in all the organs and have the smallest cell bodies. Mapping the functional distribution of the neurons has revealed that the various types of chordotonal organs have a similar pattern in soma location as in function. The purpose of this study is to describe this anatomical arrangement of the sensory neurons on a subset of chordotonal organs within the limb of the crab, Cancer magister so that species comparisons can be made, in the future. Les organes propriorecepteurs des pattes de Cancer magister contiennent des terminaisons sensorielles incluses dans une bande elastique qui detectent l'etirement et le relâchement. Les neurones sensibles au mouvement sont de deux sortes: ceux sensibles au relâchement et ceux sensibles a l'etirement de la bande chordotonale, mouvements qui correspondent a la flexion ou l'extension des articulations. Les corps cellulaires des neurones sensoriels associes aux organes chordotonaux aplatis sont arranges a l'interieur de la bande elastique, alors qu'au niveau des organes en forme de corde, les corps cellulaires des neurones sensibles au mouvement sont a l'exterieur de la bande elastique. Cette etude a montre que les neurones sensibles aux mouvements de relâchement presentent des corps cellulaires plus grands que les cellules sensibles a l'etirement. Aucun neurone sensible a l'etirement n'a ete observe au niveau des organes chordotonaux en forme de corde. Les neurones sensibles a une position statique sont distaux dans tous les organes et presentent les corps cellulaires les plus petits. La cartographie de la distribution fonctionnelle des neurones a montre que les differents types d'organes chordotonaux presentent un meme arrangement cellulaire et une meme fonction. Le but de cette etude est de decrire l'arrangement anatomique des neurones sensoriels des organes chordotonaux a l'interieur des pattes du crabe Cancer magister afin de permettre des comparaisons futures.
Chalcogenide waveguide structures as substrates and guiding layers for evanescent wave Raman spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin

Abstract We investigate composite structures where a chalcogenide waveguide provides the substrate and the guiding layer for a bacteriorhodopsin film whose Raman spectrum is desired. Plasma exposure of the chalcogenide substrate allows for a hydrophilic surface to which organic layers can easily adhere. Surface morphology, structure, and chemical composition are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A 785 nm beam from a Ti:Sapphire laser was coupled into the As2S3 waveguide and the evanescent field was employed to excite Raman scattering in the bacteriorhodopsin film. The Raman spectrum of the bacteriorhodopsin film in the fingerprint region is indicative of the native conformation and it shows that the protein is in the light adapted state.
The cancellation theorem for projective modules over irrational rotation C*-algebras

On montre que deux modules projectifs sur A∞ qui sont isomorphes de facon stable sont en fait isomorphes
Induction chemotherapy with cetuximab, carboplatin and paclitaxel for the treatment of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

Although controversy exists in the management of locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN), clinicians often use induction chemotherapy for treatment of the most advanced cases. One promising regimen combines weekly cetuximab (400 mg/m2 loading dose followed by 250 mg/m2) with carboplatin (AUC of 2) and paclitaxel (90 mg/m2). We retrospectively evaluated patients treated with this regimen prior to definitive chemoradiation or surgery between May 2008 and December 2011. The primary endpoint used for this retrospective analysis was feasibility. Thirty consecutive, unselected patients were included. Median follow-up was 13.7 months (range, 5.0–38.7 months). All but one patient had stage IV SCCHN. Dose intensity was high for carboplatin (92%), paclitaxel (93%) and cetuximab (85%). Grade 3–4 toxicities occurred in <7% of the study population and were limited to rash, neutropenia and infusion reactions. Response rate (RR) to induction chemotherapy was 97% (30% complete response, 67% partial response). All patients completed subsequent chemoradiotherapy or surgery. Nineteen patients (63%) demonstrated a complete response and 11 patients (37%) demonstrated a partial response. Median overall survival and progression-free survival data are not yet mature. The RR to therapy in our off-protocol experience is at least comparable to that observed in the two phase II studies of this regimen and appears superior to that observed with docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (TPF).
Nanoscale magnetometry: Microscopy with single spins

Two teams of researchers have exploited defects in diamond to demonstrate a new approach to magnetic sensing and imaging at the nanoscale.
Impaired lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin in dogs affected with cyclic neutropenia

Abstract Cyclic neutropenia (CN) is an inherited disease known to occur in both humans and gray collie dogs. At approximately 12-day intervals in the dogs, intestinal and respiratory infections, fever, and conjunctivitis coincide with the near disappearance of circulating neutrophils. There is ample evidence to suggest that lymphocyte activity and regulatory mechanisms may be abnormal in CN. Often before 1 year of age, the dogs develop amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, and arthritis. Increased levels of immunoglobulins have been found in both humans and dogs with CN. Three CN dogs, aged 2.5 to 12 months, showed thymic atrophy and hypoplastic or atrophied lymph nodes upon necropsy. The lymphocyte response of CN dogs to the T-lymphocyte mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), was compared with the lymphocyte response of several normal dogs. Two of the CN dogs always had a reduced response. Another had a decreased response to PHA when the peripheral blood neutrophil count was normal. However, during neutropenia, the response was far above normal levels. No similar division of responsiveness could be found for the other CN dogs. This suggests there may be different degrees of severity associated with CN, determined by the capacity of the lymphoid system to compensate for the periodic neutrophil deficit.
Copper gallium diselenide photocathodes for solar photoelectrolysis

ABSTRACT Copper chalcopyrite films exhibit properties suitable for solar energy conversion processes such as direct bandgap, and excellent carrier transport. To explore the possibilities of solar-powered hydrogen production by photoelectrolysis using these materials, we have synthesized p-type polycrystalline CuGaSe 2 films by vacuum co-evaporation of the elemental constituents, and performed physical and electrochemical char acterizations of the resulting films and electrodes. Based on CuGaSe 2 material with 1.65 eV bandgap, a 2.2 micron thick electrode exhibited an outdoor 1-sun photocurrent of 16 mA/cm 2 , while a 0.9 micron thin device still produced 12.6 mA/cm 2 in conjunction with vigorous gas evolution. Flatband potential measurements and bias voltage requirements for saturation photocurrents indicate a valence band position to high for practical device implementation. Future photoelectrolysis devices may be based on copper chalcopyrites with lower valence band maximum in conjunction with a suitable auxiliary junction. Keywords: CuGaSe
The Role of Helper T Cell Subsets in Autoimmune Diseases

CD4 helper T cells can be divided into Th1 and Th2 subsets based upon the cytokines they produce. Th1 and Th2 cells have been found to be mutually antagonistic, leading to either Th1- or Th2-dominated responses upon immunization. In recent years, several authors have suggested that in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, Th1 cells are pathogenic and Th2 cells are protective. Therefore, a successful deviation from a Th1-dominated to a Th2-dominated response could have clinical benefits for individuals suffering from these diseases. Unfortunately, data accumulated over recent years have not supported this approach, in particular regarding the protective role of Th2 cells. In this review we discuss these data and conclude that, at least using currently available tools, immune deviation from Th1 to Th2-dominated responses is ineffective unless started at very early (subclinical) stages of the disease. In addition, we examine some recent data suggesting that, under some circumstances, Th2 cells can be pathogenic.
Wetland Ecology Principles and Conservation, Second Edition

Abstract: This is a book review of Wetland Ecology Principles and Conservation, second edition, by Paul Keddy. This review focuses on the book’s content as it relates to wetland sustainability for both science and management. Besides overall comments, comparisons are made with the first edition of the book and then very specific chapter-by-chapter relationships to wetland sustainability are made to illustrate specific applications toward wetland sustainability. Keywords: book review; Paul Keddy; sustainability; wetland ecology and management 1. Introduction and Book Organization This is a review of the second edition of this book and focuses specifically on its contribution to wetland sustainability science and management. The other focus of this review is to compare it to other wetland ecology and management texts, such as Mitsch and Gosselink’s book “Wetlands”. The structure of the book is similar to the first edition but now has 14 chapters as opposed to the original 12, which was reviewed by Leopold in 2002 [1]. There is a slight reordering of the chapters as well as the addition of two chapters, but the structure is similar with early introductory chapters and building concepts related to wetland science ending in chapters more focused on wetland management. The other similar wetland textbook is
Einstellung rigidity in children

Abstract The study identified age, sex, and IQ correlates of Einstellung rigidity in children aged 7 through 12 years. A water-jar test and alphabet maze were administered under standard, speed, and stress conditions to experimental and control subjects. The water-jar test also was given to a small group with actual water and water containers. Results were analyzed in terms of “susceptibility to set” and “ability to overcome set”. In general, the findings were in agreement with other studies of rigidity in older S s.
FAST RATES FOR ESTIMATION ERROR AND ORACLE INEQUALITIES FOR MODEL SELECTION

We consider complexity penalization methods for model selection. These meth ods aim to choose a model to optimally trade off estimation and approximation errors by minimizing the sum of an empirical risk term and a complexity penalty. It is well known that if we use a bound on the maximal deviation between empir ical and true risks as a complexity penalty, then the risk of our choice is no more than the approximation error plus twice the complexity penalty. There are many cases, however, where complexity penalties like this give loose upper bounds on the estimation error. In particular, if we choose a function from a suitably simple convex function class with a strictly convex loss function, then the estimation error (the difference between the risk of the empirical risk minimizer and the min imal risk in the class) approaches zero at a faster rate than the maximal deviation between empirical and true risks. In this paper, we address the question of whether it is possible to design a complexity penalized model selection method for these situations. We show that, provided the sequence of models is ordered by inclu sion, in these cases we can use tight upper bounds on estimation error as a com plexity penalty. Surprisingly, this is the case even in situations when the difference between the empirical risk and true risk (and indeed the error of any estimate of the approximation error) decreases much more slowly than the complexity pen alty. We give an oracle inequality showing that the resulting model selection method chooses a function with risk no more than the approximation error plus a constant times the complexity penalty.
Sodium Chloride Suppresses Vegetable Bitterness Only When Plain Vegetables Are Perceived as Highly Bitter

The efficacy of sodium salts as bitterness suppressors is highly variable depending on the tastants used, and few studies have investigated whether salt can mask the bitterness of nutritious vegetables. We compared how sodium chloride (NaCl) affected bitterness ratings of vegetables and quinine hydrochloride (QHCl). In Experiment 1, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower were rated plain and with the addition of NaCl on hedonic and sensory attributes. In Experiment 2, multiple concentrations of NaCl were given on the vegetables, and participants tasted QHCl plain and with the addition of NaCl. In both experiments, reported bitterness and liking of the vegetables did not change with the addition of NaCl; all p values > 0.3. Hierarchical linear regression modeling revealed that NaCl decreased the bitterness ratings of the vegetables most for participants who perceived the plain vegetables as highly bitter, R 2 = 0.211, and increased hedonic ratings of the vegetables most for participants who disliked the plain vegetables, R 2 = 0.243. The addition of NaCl to QHCl significantly reduced bitterness ratings, p < 0.001, especially for participants who found the plain QHCl highly bitter, R 2 = 0.339. Sodium chloride suppressed bitterness and increased liking for participants who disliked plain vegetables and tasted them as highly bitter. These results suggest that NaCl would be efficacious as a bitterness masking agent for people particularly vulnerable to vegetable underconsumption. Furthermore, NaCl might interact fundamentally differently with a full food matrix than it does with QHCl, limiting the generalizeability of chemical suppression studies.