cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitized photo-oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids and peptides in aqueous solution

Abstract Qualitative and quantitative studies of the photo-oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids and methionine-containing dipeptides and tripeptides in aqueous solution sensitized by 4-carboxybenzophenone (CB) are reviewed. The mechanism of the photo-oxidation reaction was investigated using the techniques of flash photolysis, steady state photolysis and pulse radiolysis. The rate constants for quenching of the CB triplet by twelve sulfur-containing amino acids and six methionine-containing peptides were determined to be in the range 10 8 –10 9 M −1 s −1 for both neutral and alkaline solutions. The amino acids varied in structure, having different numbers of COCH and NH 2 terminal groups and their sulfur atom at different locations relative to the terminal groups. The methionine-containing peptides were MetGly, GlyMet, MetMet MetGlyGly, GlyMetGly and GlyGlyMet. Time-resolved transient spectra accompanying the quenching events were assigned to the triplet states of CB, ketyl radicals of CB, radical anions of CB and radical anions of CB and radical cations derived from the amino acids and peptides. The radical cations identified were intermolecularly (S.·.S) + -bonded cations, intramolecularly (S.·.N) + -bonded cations and an intramolecularly (S.·.S) + -bonded radical cation that was observed in experiments with MetMet. The quantum yields of the transients and their kinetics of formation and decay were measured by flash photolysis. The quantum yields of CO 2 formation were determined by steady state photolysis. Electron transfer from the sulfur atom to the triplet state of the ketone was found to be a primary photochemical step. A detailed mechanism of the CB-sensitized photo-oxidation of sulfur-containing amino acids and methionine-containing peptides, including primary and secondary photoreactions, is proposed and discussed. Within the mechanism, contrasting behavior between the peptides and amino acids as quenchers is emphasized.
Vaporization of Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate Materials: II, Hot-Pressed Compositions at Near Theoretical Density*

The vaporization of lead monoxide from lead zirconate-lead titanate materials was studied by thermogravimetric techniques in vacuum with hot-pressed pellets of near theoretical density. The initial step of the complex, two-step vaporization observed in cold-pressed pellets in an earlier investigation is absent. The rate-determining step for both the porous, cold-pressed, and pore-free, hot-pressed materials is the bulk diffusion of lead across a thickening lead-depleted layer at the surface of the pellet and results in a parabolic time dependence. Although parabolic rate constants are slightly lower overall for the dense materials, the activation energies for the weight loss process remain approximately 38.5 and 35 kcal/mole for the pure and Bi-doped Pb(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O3 compositions, respectively. Vaporization mechanisms and rates were unchanged under nitrogen or oxygen pressures up to 50 torr at 1000°C. Alumina Knudsen cells were used to study the equilibrium vapor above a powdered, hot-pressed Pb(Zr0.65.Ti0.35)O3 composition. Mass spectrometric analysis of the vapor at 950°C showed that the vapor species and their relative abundances were the same as the equilibrium vapor species above pure lead monoxide. Continuous weight loss data from these cells gave an apparent vapor pressure that was 2% of the vapor pressure of pure lead monoxide at a given temperature, but gave the same second law enthalpy of vaporization. The overall vaporization process can be represented by the reversible equilibria: the diffusion of Pb2+ and O2- to the surface through a lead-depleted region whose phases and compositions are determined by the subsolidus phase relations in the PbO-ZrO2-TiO2 ternary system, the reaction at or near the surface to form PbO, and the subsequent vaporization of PbO.
Dissimilar Aluminum and Gallium Permeation of the Blood‐Brain Barrier Demonstrated by In Vivo Microdialysis

Aluminum (Al) and gallium (Ga) permeations of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) were assessed in rats. Unbound extracellular Al and Ga concentrations were ascertained at the two potential sites of BBB permeation, cerebral capillaries and choroid plexuses, by implantation of microdialysis probes in the frontal cortex and lateral ventricle, respectively. A microdialysis probe implanted in the jugular vein revealed unbound blood Al or Ga concentrations. Al or 67Ga citrate was administered via the femoral vein. Peak Al and Ga concentrations were seen within the first 10 min at all three sites. Area under the curve (concentration vs. time to final sample) values were calculated using RSTRIP. Within-rat overall frontal cortical/blood and lateral ventricular/blood ratios [brain/blood ratios (oBBRs)] were calculated from area under the curve values. Aluminum frontal cortical oBBRs were significantly higher than those for the lateral ventricle. Ga oBBRs were not significantly different between the two sites. Al and Ga oBBRs were significantly different in the lateral ventricle. These results suggest that the primary site of A1 permeation across the BBB is at cerebral capillaries, whereas Ga permeation across the BBB does not significantly differ between cerebral capillaries and choroid plexuses. The use of Ga as a model to study Al pharmacokinetics may not be appropriate in the elucidation of the site or mechanism of Al entry into the brain.
On the discriminant of a trinomial

Abstract The discriminant of a trinomial is obtained by evaluating an associated resultant. In contrast to Swan, who obtained such a formula using algebraic properties of the resultant, we rely on the determinantal formulation of the resultant and invoke a method of calculating determinants due to Drucker and Goldschmidt.
adaptive stochastic approximations

abstract (abridged): many of the present problems in automatic control economic systems and living organism can be converted to parameter optimization in stochastic systems. foremost among these problems are questions of the control of systems with incomplete information, learning problems, adaptive control, identification of objects, and the automatic synthesis of objects. such problems can be solved by stochastic approximation methods which are, essentially, iterative procedures. for this reason, great attention is paid to these methods in connection with practical applications. they were elaborated as a purely mathematical problem a long time ago and a number of valuable results are now available. not only the conditions of convergence,but some properties of the asymptotic speed of convergence are also known. in some cases, however, a disadvantage of stochastic approximations is the slow convergence to the desired extreme of the optimality criterion. at present, utmost attention is devoted to the elimination of these undesirable properties. unfortunately, practical requirements are often in disagreement with the assumptions from which we start when seeking more effective algorithms. (...);
Evaluation and treatment of dyssynergic bladder neck obstruction. Is synchronous pressure-flow cystourethrography necessary?

Abstract Eighteen male patients underwent unilateral bladder neck incision for relief of bladder neck obstruction. The presence of obstruction was determined by clinical symptoms, residual urine, and uroflowmetry only. The decision to perform bladder neck incision was based on the typical endoseopic appearance of the prostatic urethra and bladder neck. Sixteen of 18 patients (89 per cent) had normal postoperative uroflowmetry. Subjectively, all patients judged themselves improved by the procedure. In those patients who are judged to be obstructed by clinical symptoms and uroflowmetry, dyssynergic bladder neck obstruction may be diagnosed by classic endoscopic findings rather than the routine use of synchronous pressure flow cystourethrography.
Steric Enhancement of Imidazole Basicity incis-Urocanic Acid Derivatives: Models for the Action of Chymotrypsin

Abstract To test the hypothesis that substrate-induced steric compression between His 57 and Asp 102 at the active site of chymotrypsin can increase the basicity of His 57, we have synthesized the cis - and trans -isomers of 2-bromo-3-( N -tritylimidazole)-2-propenoic acid and 2-chloro-3-( N -tritylimidazole)-2-propenoic acid and compared selected properties with those of cis- and trans- urocanic acids. The cis -isomers display low field 1 H NMR signals at 17 ppm in dimethylsulfoxide, similar to cis -urocanic acid; whereas the trans -isomers do not show strong hydrogen bonds. Increasing the size of the C2 substituent (H cis -isomers increases the p K a of the imidazolium group from 6.78 for H to 7.81 and 9.10 for Cl and Br, respectively; whereas the p K a s of the trans isomers are all 6.0 ± 0.1. The results indicate that the cis -urocanic acid derivatives with large substituents at C2 act as proton sponges in water, and they support the concept that steric compression in the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin can increase the basicity of His 57.
Prediction Performance of Earnings Forecasts: The Case of U.S. Multinationals

Prior accounting research has provided evidence of the information content of a company's actual or predicted accounting earnings. Prior studies have also found that factors such as firm size, industry, or systematic risk influence the accuracy of the earnings predictions. This study investigates the accuracy and the consensus among forecasters of earnings estimates for U.S. domestic and U.S. multinational corporations. Companies were classified into a domestic or multinational type for this research following the criteria established by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 14 for required disclosure of foreign operations. The empirical results indicate that the accuracy of earnings forecasts is significantly lower for purely domestic firms than for U.S.-based multinationals. Likewise, the level of consensus in earnings estimates submitted by financial analysts is significantly lower for U.S. domestic than for U.S. multinational firms.
Cell Traction Forces on Soft Biomaterials. I. Microrheology of Type I Collagen Gels

Abstract A laser-trap microrheometry technique was used to determine the local shear moduli of Type I collagen gels. Embedded 2.1 μ m polystyrene latex particles were displaced 10–100nm using a near-infrared laser trap with a trap constant of 0.0001 N/m. The trap was oscillated transversely ±200nm using a refractive glass plate mounted on a galvanometric scanner. The displacement of the microspheres was in phase with the movement of the laser trap at frequencies less than 1 rad/s, indicating that at least locally, the gels behaved as elastic media. The local shear modulus was measured at various positions throughout the gel, and, for gels at 2.3 mg/mL and 37°C, values ranged from G =3 to 80Pa. The average shear modulus G =55Pa, which compares well with measurements from parallel plate rheometry.
Use of Plasma for Arterial Blood Gas Analysis in Leukemia

A 63-year-old patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia presented with severe hypoxemia. However, the patient's hemoglobin saturation, measured by an ear oximeter, was normal. Although his WBC count was approximately 1,000,000/µl, hypoxemia could not be explained by the consumption of oxygen by leukocytes. Therefore, arterial blood gas values were analyzed in both plasma as well as in whole blood. The PaO 2 in the plasma was much higher than in whole blood and corresponded with the hemoglobin saturation measured by the ear oximeter. These findings suggest that very high leukocyte counts may interfere with the measurement of oxygen tension and that plasma may be used for blood gas analysis in this situation.
Measurements of water distribution in thin lithographic films

Neutron and x-ray reflectivity measurements quantify the non-uniform distribution of water within poly(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCSt) and poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHOSt) thin films on silicon wafer substrates. Two contrasting surface treatments were examined, silicon oxide, representing a hydrophilic in terface and a trimethylsilane primed surface, representing a hydrophobic interface. The distribution of water in the films was sensitive to the surface preparation and photoresist relative hydrophilicity. Depending upon the water contact angle of the substrate in comparison to the polymer film, an excess of water near th e interface occurs when the su bstrate is more hydrophilic than the photoresist. Likewise, interfacial depletion results when the photoresist is more hydrophilic than the substrate. These non-uniform water distributions occurs within (50 ± 10) A of the photoresist/substrate interface.[1] The water concentration in this interfacial region appears to be independent of the photoresist properties, but is strongly dependent upon the substrate surface energy. Keywords: thin films, neutron reflectivity, x-ray reflectivity, water immersion
Fibroblast growth factor signaling in the developing tracheoesophageal fistula.

Background/Purpose: The Adriamycin-induced rat model of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) provides a reliable system for the study of EA/TEF pathogenesis. The authors previously hypothesized that faulty branching lung morphogenesis pathways were a critical component of its pathogenesis. The authors have found evidence for faulty fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling related to epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the fistula tract. To better define FGF signaling, the differential expression of FGF ligands and their receptors between lung, fistula tract, and esophagus are described. Methods: Time-dated pregnant, Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Adriamycin (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on days 6 through 9 of gestation. Tissues were processed for histology and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. FGF-1, -7 and -10 were measured from whole lung, fistula tract, and esophagus of TEF or normal embryos. Expression of FGF2RIIIb and FGF2RIIIc receptors was measured in isolated epithelium and mesenchyme of lung and fistula tract of TEF embryos as well as lung and esophagus from normal controls. Results: FGF-1 mRNA was present in the fistula tract and normal and Adriamycin-exposed lung but absent from whole esophagus. Interestingly, FGF-7 mRNA was present only in normal lung. FGF-10 was present in all tissues examined. FGF2RIIIb mRNA was absent in fistula mesenchyme but present in all other tissues examined. However, the splice variant FGF2RIIIc mRNA was present in all tissues examined. Conclusions: These findings support defective FGF signaling in the rat model of EA/TEF. Absence of FGF-7 mRNA in Adriamycin-exposed tissues suggests the primary effect of Adriamycin may be to inhibit FGF-7 expression. Moreover, absence of FGF2RIIIb in fistula mesenchyme may be caused by loss of positive feedback from FGF-7, its normal obligate ligand. Understanding these specific defects in FGF signaling may provide insight into faulty mechanisms of EA/TEF. J Pediatr Surg 38:474-477. Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science
Activated clotting-time variability in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty

Although the activated clotting time (ACT) is commonly used to assess adequacy of anticoagulation during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), there is uncertainty whether measurements on samples from the arterial and venous circulations are directly comparable. We performed ACT determinations on 115 patients undergoing PTCA at our institution. Blood samples were drawn in a sequential fashion from the arterial and femoral venous sheaths at the conclusion of each case, and ACT determination were performed in the catheterization laboratory immediately thereafter. The venous ACT exceeded the arterial value in 63 patients (55%), and was identical in only 2 instances. The arterial and venous ACT differed by more than 100 s in 10 patients. In 23 patients (20%) one ACT determination was > or = 300 s, while the value from the other circulation was < 300 s. We conclude that there is substantial variability between arterial and venous ACT determinations in heparinized patients undergoing PTCA.
Mixed-Bed Ion-Exchange Papers

Abstract Retention of some cations and anions on ion-exchange resin-loaded disks has been reported to be less than quantitative. A mixed-bed resin-loaded paper was made in which mixed cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins were incorporated into the paper to take advantage of the ‘crossed equilibria’ effect and improve ion retention. The use of mixed-bed paper disks in analysis for cesium by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is described.
The frequency and temperature dependence of the transverse optic mode self-energy in KCl

Abstract Measurements of the frequency dependence of the real and imaginary parts of the anharmonic self-energy of the q ≈ 0 transverse optic mode in KCl at 105 and 300 K are presented and compared to the predictions of theoretical calculations.
A survey of substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin levels in aging in the rat and human central nervous system

Abstract Levels of the neuropeptides substance P, somatostatin, and neurotensin were measured by radioimmunoassay in regions of the rat and human central nervous system (CNS) in aging. Somatostatin levels were significantly lower only in the corpus striatum of older rats. Substance P levels and neurotensin levels were generally stable with aging as were levels of somatostatin in regions other than the corpus striatum. In post-mortem human CNS tissues, no significant negative correlations of levels of the three peptides were observed with time to refrigeration or time to freezer for the samples. In the human CNS, there were no significant age-related alterations in substance P levels in frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, or substantia nigra. There was a significant age-related decrease in substance P levels in the human putamen. This age-related decrease was not present in tissues from victims of Huntington's disease nor was there any striking difference in substance P levels as a function of duration of the disease. There were no significant age-related changes in somatostatin levels in human frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, putamen, medial globus pallidus, or substantia nigra. Among these same regions, there was a significant age-related decrease in neurotensin levels only in the pars compacta and pars reticulata of the human nigra. These results implicate neuropeptides in aging processes in certain regions of the CNS. There are differences between rats and humans with respect to neuropeptides in the aging process in the CNS. Deterioration of some neuropeptide pathways in and to human basal ganglia may be involved in the suspected functional deterioration of parts of the extrapyramidal system in aging.
Meteorological conditions over Eurasia and the Arctic contributing to the March 1983 Arctic haze episode

Abstract It is shown that the 11–18 March 1983 Arctic haze episode observed at Barrow, Alaska, was caused by air pollutants being rapidly transported from Eurasia industrial sources across the Arctic. These sources emitted pollutants into an air mass forming during anticyclonic synoptic conditions. On the basis of potential temperatures observed in the haze layers over Barrow, it is hypothesized that aerosols and gases in the different layers originated from different Eurasian source regions. The Arctic haze episode at Barrow existed as long as there was a meridional large-scale circulation pattern of the Arctic atmosphere and ceased when the circulation became zonal in character.
A microfabricated magnetic force transducer-microaspiration system for studying membrane mechanics

The application of forces to cell membranes is a powerful method for studying membrane mechanics. To apply controlled dynamic forces on the piconewton scale, we designed and characterized a microfabricated magnetic force transducer (MMFT) consisting of current-carrying gold wires patterned on a sapphire substrate. The experimentally measured forces applied to paramagnetic and ferromagnetic beads as a function of applied current agree well with theoretical models. We used this device to pull tethers from microaspirated giant unilamellar vesicles and measure the threshold force for tether formation. In addition, the interlayer drag coefficient of the membrane was determined from the tether-return velocity under magnetic force-free conditions. At high levels of current, vesicles expanded as a result of local temperature changes. A finite element thermal model of the MMFT provided absolute temperature calibration, allowing determination of the thermal expansivity coefficient of stearoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidycholine vesicles (1.7 ± 0.4 × 10−3 K−1) and characterization of the Joule heating associated with current passing through the device. This effect can be used as a sensitive probe of temperature changes on the microscale. These studies establish the MMFT as an effective tool for applying precise forces to membranes at controlled rates and quantitatively studying membrane mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties.
On the reversibility of anode supported proton conducting solid oxide cells

Abstract Reversible proton conducting solid oxide cells (SOCs) off a highly efficient route to matching supply from intermittent, renewable resources, with power demand by consumers. The cells would store excess electrical energy as chemical fuel during times of peak production, and operate in reverse during times of peak demand. In this study we examine the operation of anode supported proton conducting SOCs in electrolysis mode. The required overpotential for a given current density decreases with increasing humidity at the anode and increasing temperature. All of the V–I curves show distinct curvature. The electrode polarization resistance increases and electrolyte ohmic resistance decreases with increasing current density. This is accompanied by a deviation below the theoretical rate of hydrogen production. We interpret these changes as resulting from deviation away from pure proton conduction in the cell with increasing polarization.
Design and Analysis of a Wideband 15–35-GHz Quadrature Phase Shifter With Inductive Loading

A Ku-, K-, and Ka-band phase shifter for beamforming applications is presented in this paper. An analysis showing the effect of loading conditions on quadrature phase accuracy in a simple poly-phase filter is carried out. Based on the analysis, a novel quadrature phase shifter (QPS) with inductive load is proposed. Sign-selection and vector addition is performed in two stages to lower supply voltage. The proposed phase shifter is fabricated in a 0.18- μm SiGe BiCMOS process and occupies an area of 520 μm×370 μm. The proposed QPS has a maximum phase error of 6.38° over 15-35 GHz while maintaining an amplitude imbalance less than 2 dB. When combined into a 4-bit phase shifter, the root mean square (rms) gain error is less than 2.2 dB and the rms phase error is less than 13° over 15-35 GHz. The phase shifter thus achieves a full 360° phase-shift range with 22.5 ° phase resolution. The total power consumption is 14 mA from a 1.8-V power supply. The phase shifter achieves an input P1dB of -6.25 dBm. The measured phase-shifting fractional bandwidth of 87% is the highest reported thus far in the literature for SiGe BiCMOS implementation.
Clinical Neuroscience of Addiction: Applications to Psychological Science and Practice

Addiction is a chronic and relapsing psychiatric disorder affecting a large number of patients worldwide. Ample evidence from basic and clinical neuroscience has demonstrated that addiction is a brain disease marked by compulsive substance use despite a host of negative consequences. Although extensive preclinical research has elucidated some of the key neurobiological underpinnings of addiction, these findings have yet to be translated into clinical practice. This article provides a review of addiction neurobiology while applying these insights to the understanding of the clinical phenomenology and treatment of this disorder. Recent progress in the fields of psychology and psychiatry suggests that clinical neuroscience will become increasingly important in clinical psychology science and practice. This review provides a framework for integrating neuroscience and clinical psychology while considering its limitations and opportunities.
Determination of the first order consecutive reaction rate constants from final product

Abstract A simple BASIC program is given which provides information about the consecutive, first order and higher order chemical reactions. The program provides an approximation of the consecutive reaction rate constants from the final product. A comparison is given of the predicted and correct consecutive reaction rate constants. The accuracy of the predictions was very good, the deviation ranging from 0 to 1% (except with very close consecutive rate constants).
Induction of vitellogenesis by estradiol-17β and development of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays to quantify plasma vitellogenin levels in green turtles (Chelonia mydas)

Treatment of juvenile green turtles (Chelonia mydas) with estradiol-17beta resulted in the induction of a 200 kDa plasma protein, consistent with vitellogenin (Vtg). The N-terminal 15 amino acids of the anion exchange purified protein shared sequence homologies with vitellogenins of several vertebrate species. Rabbit antiserum raised against purified Vtg recognized the plasma protein as well as several yolk proteins. Monoclonal antibody (Mab) HL1248, produced by inoculating mice with turtle yolk granules, showed specificity for plasma Vtg as well as a set of yolk proteins 120, 82, 43 and 32 kDa in size. The N-terminal 22 amino acids of the 43 kDa yolk protein was similar to the lipovitellin I subunit of Vtg of several vertebrate species. The peptide mass map of the 82 kDa yolk protein shared enough ions with that of purified plasma Vtg to support the conclusion that this protein was derived from plasma Vtg. Taken together, these results validate the specificity of Mab HL1248 for Vtg. Using purified Vtg concentration standards, competition and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays (ELISAs) were shown to quantitatively detect Vtg in green turtle plasma. Pre-induced plasma of juvenile turtles had Vtg levels of 2-4 micrograms/ml whereas post-estradiol exposure samples had 38-40 mg/ml. The plasma Vtg concentration of a nesting female turtle was 4.6 mg/ml, approximately 20-fold higher than that of a non-nesting adult female. The antigen capture ELISA will be useful in population studies of this endangered species, to detect vitellogenesis in females that will nest in a given year and to detect inappropriate Vtg levels in turtles exposed to xenoestrogens.
The Role of Ultrasound in Diagnosing and Managing a Monochorionic-Monoamniotic Twin Gestation With an Anencephalic Twin

This report presents a case of a monoamnioticmonochorionic twin gestation with a marginal placental insertion site, adjacent umbilical cords, entangled umbilical cords, abnormally long cords, one fetus affected with anencephaly, and another twin with no apparent abnormalities.
Reticulocytosis and iron incorporation in the rabbit and turtle: A comparative study☆

Abstract 1. 1. Anemia was induced in rabbits and turtles by injection of phenylhydrazine, and subsequent hematological changes were followed. 2. 2. The appearance in circulation of reticulocytes in large numbers occurred after about 5 days in rabbits and about 30 days in turtles. 3. 3. Cell size distributions determined electronically during the reticulocyte response showed a shift toward increased cell volume in rabbits (large reticulocytes) and decreased cell volume in turtles (small reticulocytes); corresponding changes in mean corpuscular hemoglobin were noted, but corpuscular hemoglobin concentration decreased in both animals. 4. 4. The transfer of iron from plasma to red blood cells was studied in vitro . Blood cells from normal animals did not incorporate significant amounts of iron, while blood from anemic animals, containing large numbers of reticulocytes, readily incorporated plasma iron into hemoglobin.
Identification of the major structural proteins of two BALB/c myeloma C-type viruses.

Abstract We have analyzed the structural proteins of the C-type viruses produced by cloned lines of the MOPC-21 and FLOPC-1 BALB/c murine myelomas. These viruses, designated MO 21 -MuMAV and FL 1 -MuMAV, respectively, have been shown to be composed of proteins with approximate molecular weights of 90,000, 75,000, 17,000, 12,000, and 10,000 daltons. In addition, these viruses contain a “doublet” with molecular weights of approximately 30,000 daltons. The 90,000- and 75,000-dalton proteins are glycosylated. The p30 “doublet” as well as the NB-ecotropism is retained upon subsequent virus cloning in SC-1 cells, passage through NIH-3T3, or BALB/3T3 cells, or microtiter plate cloning of SC-1 cells replicating cloned virus. The two cloned MuMAVs appeared to possess the p30 proteins of the endogenous BALB/c N- and B-tropic viruses described by Hopkins and co-workers ( N. Hopkins, J. Schindler, and R. Hynes, 1977, J. Virol. 21 , 309–318 ; J. Schindler, R. Hynes, and N. Hopkins, 1977, J. Virol . 23 , 700–707 ). Subsequent tryptic peptide analysis of the myeloma virus p30 proteins demonstrated that these proteins share extensive homology with, but not identity to, the two prototype BALB/c ecotropic endogenous virus p30 proteins.
Radiation displacement prostheses for dentulous patients

Abstract A simplified technique for the construction of radiation stents for dentulous patients was discussed. The technique involves the use of a direct wax pattern from which a stent is made of cold-curing resin.
Bioethics and Human Rights: A Historical Perspective

Bioethics and human rights were conceived in the aftermath of the Holocaust, when moral outrage reenergized the outmoded concepts of “medical ethics” and “natural rights,” renaming them “bioethics,” and “human rights” to give them new purpose. Originally, the principles of bioethics were a means for protecting human rights, but through a historical accident, bioethical principles came to be considered as fundamental. In this paper I reflect on the parallel development and accidental divorce of bioethics and human rights to urge their reconciliation.
Abnormal Pharyngoesophageal Segment Fluoroscopy

The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is a 2.5–4.5 cm manometric high-pressure zone located between the pharynx and esophagus. Because of its location, this region has also been referred to as the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES). The UES specifically refers to the intraluminal high-pressure zone that may be visualized on manometry. The PES refers to the anatomic components that make up the high-pressure zone. The UES and PES are synonymous and may be used interchangeably. The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) makes up only one component of the PES. The CPM is not synonymous with the UES and PES. The PES is modifiable with therapy and surgery. It is for this reason that a comprehensive understanding of PES fluoroscopic anatomy and physiology is essential for all swallowing clinicians.
Note on the computation of the inverse of a triangular matrix.

A simplified method of computing the inverse of a triangular matrix is presented. It is useful with the multiple-group method of factoring the correlation matrix as well as with other factor-analysis and multiple-correlation problems.
Comment upon three dimensions of self-attitude and anxiety.

(1957). Comment upon Three Dimensions of Self-Attitude and Anxiety. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. 13-20.
Three-Year Follow-up for Women 30 Years and Older with Negative Pap and Negative Hybrid Capture 2 HPV DNA Testing Results

this difference was not statistically significant and the risk of detecting CIN 2+ after a diagnosis of ASC-H in women older than 50 was sufficiently high to clinically warrant referral to colposcopy. HPV testing was performed at the request of the clinician in 127 (25.1%) of all ASC-H cases, with 83 cases (65.4%) testing positive for HPV. When subcategorized by age, 70.4% of 98 women age 50 and younger were HPV-positive, while this proportion in the 29 women above 50 years of age was 48.3%. Although this percentage was significantly lower as confirmed by chi-square testing (p<0.05), the prevalence of HPV in women over 50 was not negligible. Finally, there were only 38 patients for whom both HPV testing results and histologic follow-up were available. Of these, 24 were HPV-positive and 14 were HPV-negative. In the HPV-positive group, approximately half (54.2%) were found to have CIN 2+ on subsequent biopsy, and this proportion was roughly maintained when subcategorized by age. However, in the HPV-negative group, only one 35-year-old woman had CIN 2 on histologic follow-up, and none of the 7 women above age 50 were found to have CIN 2+. Conclusions: This study reaffirms previous reports that both prevalence of HPV and risk of CIN 2+ decrease with age. Furthermore, among patients for whom both HPV results and histologic follow-up were available, none of the women over age 50 who tested negative for HPV had CIN 2+ on biopsy. This finding suggests that by reflex HPV testing in older patients with a cytology diagnosis of ASC-H, colposcopy may be avoided in those who are HPV-negative. Similar studies on a larger scale may support modifying the 2006 Management Guidelines to include reflex HPV testing on all cases of ASC-H and possibly avoiding colposcopy in HPV-negative women.
Depositional Environments and Basinal Setting of Cretaceous Woodbine Sandstone, Central and Northeast Texas: ABSTRACT

The Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Woodbine Sandstone of central and northeast Texas has long been one of the largest oil and gas producers in Texas. North of the Angelina-Caldwell flexure, production is at moderate depths of 3,000-6,000 ft from fluvial and subaqueous deltaic facies. South of the flexure, the undifferentiated Woodbine-Eagle Ford interval produces from depths between 10,000 and 15,000 ft from fractured turbiditic channel siltstones and sandstones. This investigation (1) more precisely defined environments of deposition, (2) determined their relationships to development of the East Texas basin, and (3) related these environments to hydrocarbon production. Much greater control was used than in previous studies, including an extensive core study (approximately 70 cores), close well control (approximately 1,200 electric logs), and an outcrop study. In general, the depositional environments of the updip Woodbine change progressively from a complex fluvial system in the northeastern portion of the study area to delta plain, delta front, and prodelta shelf in a southwestward direction. Major fluvial axes are oriented north-northeast to south-southwest. The fluvial system includes (1) a braided stream facies, (2) a distributary channel facies, and (3) a meander belt facies. The two principal recognizable facies of the delta front are coastal barrier sands and progradational channel-mouth bar sands. Woodbine deposition ended with transgression of Eagle Ford seas and subsequent deposition of marine shales. These shales provide a potential hydrocarbon source and seal for Woodbine reservoirs. End_of_Article - Last_Page 142------------
Molecular properties and structure-function relationships of lethal peptides from venom of Wagler's pit viper, Trimeresurus wagleri.

Abstract Two new lethal peptides (waglerins) were purified from the venom of Trimeresurus wagleri , and sequenced. We found them to be analogs of lethal peptides (waglerins) I and II reported previously ( Weinstein et al., Toxicon 29, 227–236, 1991), with an additional Ser-Leu on the amino terminus. Three of the four waglerins were synthesized and the products were chemically and biologically equivalent to the naturally occurring counterparts in venom. Murine i.p. ld 50 for synthetic waglerins I, SL-I and II were 0.33, 0.22, and 0.51 mg/kg, respectively. The single, intramolecular disulfide bond in each synthetic peptide formed rapidly in high yield. The reduced (cysteine-containing) forms of the peptides appeared to have significant toxicities, even without prior disulfide bond formation, but synthetic analogs with serine substituted for cysteine were not toxic. The synthetic dimer of waglerin I, formed by two intermolecular disulfide bonds, was not toxic, but rapidly rearranged to lethal, monomeric waglerin I at alkaline pH upon the addition of 5 mM β-mercaptoethanol. Waglerin I was inactivated by cleavage at Tyr-15 with chymotrypsin.
The nature of surface complexation: a continuum approach

An alternative continuum approach for studying the nature of surface complexation reactions is presented. This new technique may enhance our understanding of surface complexation reactions in heterogeneous media that are often encountered in natural and engineered systems. Interpretation of particle hydrophilicity, as determined by contact angle, provides insights into the nature of the surface complex. This new continuum approach is demonstrated by evaluating two phosphate-oxide surface complexation reactions of a hydrous ferric oxide matrix (HFM). An increase in HFM polarity as a function of bound phosphate was observed. A net gain of two hydrogen-bonding sites per bound phosphate molecule was determined. The surface free energy gained per hydrogen bond added was ca. - 0.431 kT/H bond. The increase in hydrophilicity, observed near neutral pH values, did not appear to derive from changes in surface charge. Consequently, phosphate was hypothesized to form a mononuclear complex with the HFM surface. These findings suggest that changes in interfacial polarity may be a useful heuristic supplement to spectroscopic measurements when evaluating the nature of a surface complex in heterogeneous systems.
Triamterene stone: Advantage of crystallographic analysis☆

Abstract Microscopic crystallographic analysis of renal calculi provides clinically useful information concerning the pathogenesis of stone disease and is, therefore, superior to conventional chemical analysis of stones. The advantages of crystallography, performed at a centralized, experienced stone-analysis center, are highlighted by the recent discovery of triamterene deposits in kidney stones. Deposits of other medications and their metabolites have also been uncovered. Two case reports are presented; the clinical implications of these and related findings are discussed.
Brain neurotransmitter receptor systems in mice genetically selected for differences in sensitivity to ethanol.

Abstract The density of receptors for neurotransmitters and receptor-mediated cellular responsiveness were determined in tissues from two lines of mice selectively bred for differences in sleep time after ethanol administration. The studies were undertaken to ascertain in differences in neurotransmitter receptors between the lines might explain any of the differences seen in initial sensitivity to ethanol. The results were compared with those obtained in studies using the parent heterogeneous stock (HS). The animals used in the current experiments did not receive ethanol. β-Adrenergic receptor density, as measured by the binding of ( 125 I)-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, was lower in cortices of alcohol-sensitive long-sleep mice (LS) as compared to the short-sleep (SS) animals or to HS controls. The densities of β 1 and β 2 -adrenergic receptors were lower by approximately the same amount. The results were tissue specific in that there was no difference in the density of β-adrenergic receptors in the cerebellum. Cyclic AMP accumulation in response to isoproterenol was not significantly different in the cortex of LS mice despite the decrease in β-adrenergic receptors. No differences were found in 3 H-spiroperidol binding to dopamine receptors in the striatum or in 3 H-quinuclidinylbenzilate binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the cortex, striatum or hippocampus. Dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was, how- ever, lower in striata of SS mice. The affinities of the receptors for the various ligands studied were the same in the three lines of mice.
Theory of mesons, baryons and resonances

Abstract A theory of mesons, baryons and resonances is developed in the three-dimensional isospace by assuming that the resonances should be expected to satisfy the same symmetry requirements as the elementary mesons and baryons. It is also assumed that the effective Lagrangian density for strong interactions should be invariant not only for arbitrary rotations of the axes in the isospace but also for simultaneous rotations of the axes in their complex planes. Besides the usual eight mesons and eight baryons, the formalism predicts the existence of additional particles and resonances with higher hypercharges and charges. In particular, the present theory is able to account for the singly charged particles with anomalous hypercharges observed in cosmic ray stars, and many of the resonances observed in meson-baryon interactions.
Pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Purpose of reviewReview the current management for pediatric nasolacrimal duct obstruction and congenital dacryocele.Recent findingsEarly probing in the office, and probing beyond 1 year of age in a facility with general anesthesia are equally effective. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a
Relationships between measures of brain functions and general intelligence.

Relationships between measures of general intelligence (Wechsler-Bellevue Verbal IQ, Performance IQ, and Full-scale IQ) and a measure designed to reflect adequacy of brain functions (Halstead Impairment Index) were studied using a control group and groups with left, right and generalized cerebral lesions. The results confirmed earlier findings of (1) differential levels of Verbal and Performance intelligence depending on damage of the left or right cerebral hemisphere; and (2) the greater general sensitivity of the Impairment Index than IQ values to brain damage. Comparative data suggested particularly that IQ values may underestimate brain-dependent adaptive abilities among non-brain-damaged subjects. A significant relationship between IQ values and the Impairment Index was present. This finding permitted evaluation of use of a differing cut-off Impairment Index, as an indicator of cerebral damage, depending on the subject's IQ level. The results suggested that increased accuracy in classifying subjects as brain- damaged might be achieved using a cutting Impairment Index of .4 or greater when the IQ value is 100 or more and .5 or greater when the IQ value is below 100.
Frequency tunable sealed tube reflex triode vircator

Summary form only given. A virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) is a high power microwave device that exhibits frequency tunability which is inherent to its principle of operation. Two types of electron motion within the vircator generate microwaves (virtual cathode oscillation and reflexing electron motion). Although it is difficult to precisely predict the dominant microwave frequency of a vircator design prior to experimental observation, the oscillation frequency of the virtual cathode is approximately proportional to the plasma frequency of the electron beam as it enters the virtual cathode. Additionally, the reflexing electrons oscillate at a frequency which is inversely proportional to approximately four times the transit time of an electron through the anode-cathode gap (A-K gap). As a result, assuming space charge limited diode operation, the virtual cathode and reflexing electron oscillation frequencies, though different, are proportional to V1/2/d, where d is the gap separation of the A-K gap and V is the accelerating voltage applied to the gap. Thus vircators are tunable via adjusting the A-K gap and varying the applied accelerating voltage. Texas Tech University has developed a sealed tube vircator which radiates approximately 100 MW with an operational frequency of 4GHz. Operating at 4GHz the diode has an A-K gap of 8mm, an accelerating voltage of ~200 k V, and electron beam current of ~3.5kA. Here we present an experimental investigation of the tunability of a reflex triode vircator by varying the A-K gap from 4 mm to 10 mm and accelerating voltages ranging from 150 kV to 250 kV.
A source of bias in rates of surface soil movement as estimated from marked particles

When estimated from measurements of introduced tracer particles, the rate of surface soil movement tends to be greater than the natural rate for equivalent particles on the same site. This consistent overestimation is greatest in the period following tracer introduction and leads to a measurement bias that may be as high as 300 per cent. The magnitude of the bias decreases with time, as the tracer is incorporated into the surface material, but remains detectable statistically for more than a year on some low-angle sites.
Rational design of inhibitors and activity-based probes targeting Clostridium difficile virulence factor TcdB.

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. The major virulence factors of this pathogen are the multi-domain toxins TcdA and TcdB. These toxins contain a cysteine protease domain (CPD) that autoproteolytically releases a cytotoxic effector domain upon binding intracellular inositol hexakisphosphate. Currently, there are no known inhibitors of this protease. Here, we describe the rational design of covalent small molecule inhibitors of TcdB CPD. We identified compounds that inactivate TcdB holotoxin function in cells and solved the structure of inhibitor-bound protease to 2.0 A. This structure reveals the molecular basis of CPD substrate recognition and informed the synthesis of activity-based probes for this enzyme. The inhibitors presented will guide the development of therapeutics targeting C. difficile, and the probes will serve as tools for studying the unique activation mechanism of bacterial toxin CPDs.
Reflexion studies in the eastern equatorial Pacific

Abstract A limited seismic reflexion survey has been made in a portion of the equatorial Pacific far from land and shielded from turbidity-current deposition. It covers the boundary between present-day clay deposition in the north and present-day carbonate deposition in the south. The profiles show that the sediment is decidedly thicker in the carbonate area and provide evidence for a greater rate of accumulation in valleys than on hills.
Lagrangian velocity statistics of directed launch strategies in a Gulf of Mexico model

The spatial dependence of Lagrangian displacement and velocity statistics is studied in the context of a data assimilating numerical model of the Gulf Mexico. In the active eddy region of the Western Gulf, a combination of Eulerian and Lagrangian measures are used to locate strongly hyperbolic regions of the flow. The statistics of the velocity field sampled by sets of drifters launched specifically in these hyperbolic regions are compared to those produced by randomly chosen launch sites. The results show that particle trajectories initialized in hyperbolic regions preferentially sample a broader range of Eulerian velocities than do members of ensembles of randomly launched drifters. The velocity density functions produced by the directed launches compare well with Eulerian velocity pdfs. Implications for the development of launch strategies to improve Eulerian velocity field reconstruction from drifter data are discussed.