cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolution and Porosity of Carbonate Shoaling Cycles, Lower Glen Rose (Lower Cretaceous), South Texas: ABSTRACT

The lower Glen Rose Formation in the subsurface of south Texas exhibits three cycles of shoal-water complexes, consisting of high-energy bank, bar, and biogenic reef deposits that developed on the Pearsall arch. Facies distribution shows that these elongate complexes trend northeast-southwest for at least 78 mi (125 km) and are located 44 mi (70 km) seaward of the Lower Cretaceous shoreline. Although barren of oil and gas, these vertically stacked cycles contain facies development and porosity preservation essential for attractive exploration targets. Each cycle represents three major depositional facies: open-marine shelf, shoal-water complex, and protected lagoon. The open-shelf facies is characterized by terrigenous mudstone to wackestone. The shoal-water complex consists of skeletal and oolitic grainstone surrounded by lower energy packstone deposits. High-energy patch reefs of coral, stromatoporoid, and caprinid boundstone cap the grainstones. Lagoonal deposits of low-energy wackestone and laminated mudstone overlie each of the shoal-water sequences and indicate seaward progradations, which were interrupted by transgressions of open-marine shelf deposits of the succeeding cycle. The high-energy patch reefs may have prograded seaward across the shelf as the initial build-up of the Stuart City shelf margin. Diagenesis during burial has resulted in loss of porosity in the rocks. The greatest remaining porosity occurs in the grainstone facies. There are two major porosity types: primary interparticle and secondary moldic. The primary porosity resulted from early meteoric cementation and preservation of high initial interparticle pore space prior to extensive grain compaction. The secondary porosity is the result of aragonite allochem dissolution. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1424------------
Biology, Treatment, and Control of Flea and Tick Infestations

Flea and tick infestations are common and elimination can be expensive and time consuming. Many advances in control of fleas can be directly linked to improved knowledge of the intricacies of flea host associations, reproduction, and survival in the premises. Understanding tick biology and ecology is far more difficult than with fleas, because North America can have up to 9 different tick species infesting cats and dogs compared to 1 primary flea species. Effective tick control is more difficult to achieve than effective flea control, because of the abundance of potential alternative hosts in the tick life cycle. Many effective host-targeted tick control agents exist, several of which also possess activity against adult or immature fleas and other parasites.
Cultural interventions for african american families with severely emotionally disturbed children

Abstract African American families of children who are diagnosed with a serious emotional disturbance (SED) often report that mental health services are not readily available, accessible, or culturally relevant. A case study is used to illustrate issues related to access and utilization of mental health services by African American parents with an SED child. Specific cultural interventions for African American families of children who are diagnosed with an SED are described. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [2002], 8, 200-2.)
On the performance and implementation of adaptive PRML

Motivated by previous comparison work, a configuration for partial response maximum likelihood/Viterbi algorithm (PRML/VA) detectors with adaptive target polynomials is examined, In this configuration, a MSE-DFE is used to adapt both the equalizer and the target channel for the detector. The performance of this adaptive PRML/VA is analyzed and compared with other detection techniques. Preliminary results show that the implementation presented here is promising.
Association of nuisance filamentous algae Cladophora spp. with E. coli and Salmonella in public beach waters: impacts of UV protection on bacterial survival

This study investigated whether filamentous algal species commonly found in nearshore public beach water systems provide protection from natural UV to bacteria present in the same environmental settings. To test this hypothesis, Cladophora spp., a filamentous nuisance algae group causing undesired water quality in the Great Lakes region was selected and its interactions with a non-pathogenic indicator organism Escherichia coli and a pathogenic strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were tested. In laboratory microcosms where the lake environment and natural sunlight conditions were simulated, a 7-log removal of E. coli was observed in only six hours of exposure to UV with an initial seed concentration of 103 CFU mL−1. With the presence of algae, the same log removal was achieved in 16 hours. At higher seed concentrations of 105 CFU mL−1, E. coli survived for two days with an extended survival up to 11 days in the presence of Cladophora spp. S. typhimurium has shown more resilient survival profiles, with the same log removals achieved in 14 and 20 days for low and high seed concentrations respectively, in the absence of algae. Cladophora spp. caused extended protection for S. typhimurium with much less log reductions reported. Algae-mediated protection from UV irradiation was attributed to certain organic carbon exuded from Cladophora spp. In addition, confocal microscopy images confirmed close interaction between bacteria and algae, more prominent with thin filamentous Cladophora spp.
Design patterns in creative design processes

The paper presents the analysis of nine architects design processes with different design experience and expertise levels. The main goal is to visualize and analyze patterns between their design processes, design phases, design iterations, and software used to support creative process in every design phase. This study focused on four major components for analysis: lengths of design processes, naming of design phases, flows of design directions, and the number and types of software used in each phase. The future goal is to investigate whether specific software capabilities would increase or hinder creative behavior patterns during the design process.
GEOSAT Follow-On Water Vapor Radiometer: Performance With a Shared Active/Passive Antenna

The GEOSAT Follow-On mission marks the first time that an Earth-orbiting microwave radiometer and radar have shared the same antenna. The antenna design must simultaneously accommodate the radar's high-gain requirement and the high beam efficiency needed by the radiometer. Guaranteeing sufficiently high isolation between the radar transmitter and the radiometer receivers is also a critical part of the antenna design. The radiometer receiver includes a transmitter blanking circuit to further mitigate possible radar interference. Preflight and on-orbit tests of the antenna and radiometer receivers and an evaluation of end-to-end radiometric accuracy are presented. Together, they demonstrate that the shared-antenna approach can be implemented without compromising radiometric performance
Online investment self-efficacy: development and initial test of an instrument to assess perceived online investing abilities

This paper develops and tests an instrument to measure online investment self-efficacy, defined as an individual's perceived ability to utilize online technologies to accomplish investing-related tasks. A series of empirical studies were conducted to establish the measure's psychometric properties. The results suggest that the measure exhibits admirable levels of reliability, as well as convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. As predicted by theory, computer self-efficacy was found to serve as an important precursor to online investment self-efficacy. Furthermore, online investment self-efficacy played a significant role in fueling investor preference for the traditional (full-service) or online investing approach. More efficacious investors tended to prefer Web-based technologies as a vehicle for investing, whereas less efficacious individuals favored the traditional method.
Leadership Behavior and Employee Voice: Is the Door Really Open?

We investigate the relationships between two types of change-oriented leadership (transformational leadership and managerial openness) and subordinate improvement-oriented voice in a two-phase study. Findings from 3,149 employees and 223 managers in a restaurant chain indicate that openness is more consistently related to voice, given controls for numerous individual differences in subordinates’ personality, satisfaction, and job demography. This relationship is shown to be mediated by subordinate perceptions of psychological safety, illustrating the importance of leaders in subordinate assessments of the risks of speaking up. Also, leadership behaviors have the strongest impact on the voice behavior of the best-performing employees.
Model-based knowledge-based optical processors

An efficient 3-D object-centered knowledge base is described. The ability to on-line generate a 2-D image projection or range image for any object/viewer orientation from this knowledge base is addressed. Applications of this knowledge base in associative processors and symbolic correlators are then discussed. Initial test results are presented for a multiple degree of freedom object recognition problem. These include new techniques to achieve object orientation information and two new associative memory matrix formulations.
Recycling in early modern science

ABSTRACT: This essay follows recent work in environmental history to explore the history of recycling in physical sciences in Britain and North America since the seventeenth century. The term 'recycling' is here used broadly to refer to a variety of practices that extended the life of material resources for doing science in the early modern period. These included practices associated with maintenance, repair, exchange and the adaptation or reuse of material culture. The essay argues that such practices were common in early modern science, and informed experimental spaces and techniques and the ideas that they generated. The essay considers some of the varied motivations that led to such practices, and concludes by examining the endurance of recycling in science since the end of the eighteenth century, particularly in recent efforts to create sustainable scientific research practices.
Indirect inference for survival data

In this paper we describe the so-called “indirect” method of inference, originally developed from the econometric literature, and apply it to survival analyses of two data sets with repeated events. This method is often more convenient computationally than maximum likelihood estimation when handling such model complexities as random effects and measurement error, for example; and it can also serve as a basis for robust inference with less stringent assumptions on the data generating mechanism. The first data set concerns recurrence times of mammary tumors in rats and is modeled using a Poisson process model with covariates and frailties. The second data set involves times of recurrences of skin tumors in individual patients in a clinical trial. The methodology is applied in both parametric and semi-parametric regression analyses to accommodate random effects and covariate measurement error. MSC: 62N01, 62N02, 62P10
Constructing stochastic models from deterministic process equations by propensity adjustment

Gillespie's stochastic simulation algorithm (SSA) for chemical reactions admits three kinds of elementary processes, namely, mass action reactions of 0th, 1st or 2nd order. All other types of reaction processes, for instance those containing non-integer kinetic orders or following other types of kinetic laws, are assumed to be convertible to one of the three elementary kinds, so that SSA can validly be applied. However, the conversion to elementary reactions is often difficult, if not impossible. Within deterministic contexts, a strategy of model reduction is often used. Such a reduction simplifies the actual system of reactions by merging or approximating intermediate steps and omitting reactants such as transient complexes. It would be valuable to adopt a similar reduction strategy to stochastic modelling. Indeed, efforts have been devoted to manipulating the chemical master equation (CME) in order to achieve a proper propensity function for a reduced stochastic system. However, manipulations of CME are almost always complicated, and successes have been limited to relative simple cases. We propose a rather general strategy for converting a deterministic process model into a corresponding stochastic model and characterize the mathematical connections between the two. The deterministic framework is assumed to be a generalized mass action system and the stochastic analogue is in the format of the chemical master equation. The analysis identifies situations: where a direct conversion is valid; where internal noise affecting the system needs to be taken into account; and where the propensity function must be mathematically adjusted. The conversion from deterministic to stochastic models is illustrated with several representative examples, including reversible reactions with feedback controls, Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics, a genetic regulatory motif, and stochastic focusing. The construction of a stochastic model for a biochemical network requires the utilization of information associated with an equation-based model. The conversion strategy proposed here guides a model design process that ensures a valid transition between deterministic and stochastic models.
Long-Term Retention of a Relocated Population of Gopher Tortoises

Abstract Relocations of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) in Florida, USA, are frequently employed as mitigation tools when tortoises occupy land desired for development. Here we present information about retention and health of a relocated population of gopher tortoises 17 years after relocation. We combine our 17-year postrelocation data with earlier surveys 1 year and 2 years postrelocation to examine whether retention rates change over time. We also evaluate whether retention rates vary by age and gender. Of 74 gopher tortoises relocated in 1985, 31 were present in 2002. We found a 1-year retention rate of 42%, with retention rates of 100% each year thereafter, when we used the percentage of relocated individuals captured at each survey. We found a 1-year retention rate of 73%, a retention rate of 92% from year 1 to year 2, and an overall retention rate of 98.5% from year 2 through year 17, based on the assumption that all individuals present in later surveys were present in earlier surveys. We f...
Anthropogenic tracers, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and endocrine disruption in Minnesota lakes

Concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals and endocrine disruption in fish were determined in 11 lakes across Minnesota that represent a range of trophic conditions and land uses (urban, agricultural, residential, and forested) and in which wastewater treatment plant discharges were absent. Water, sediment, and passive polar organic integrative samplers (POCIS) were analyzed for steroidal hormones, alkylphenols, bisphenol A, and other organic and inorganic molecular tracers to evaluate potential non-point source inputs into the lakes. Resident fish from the lakes were collected, and caged male fathead minnows were deployed to evaluate endocrine disruption, as indicated by the biological endpoints of plasma vitellogenin and gonadal histology. Endocrine disrupting chemicals, including bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, estrone, and 4-nonylphenol were detected in 90% of the lakes at part per trillion concentrations. Endocrine disruption was observed in caged fathead minnows and resident fish in 90% of the lakes. The widespread but variable occurrence of anthropogenic chemicals in the lakes and endocrine disruption in fish indicates that potential sources are diverse, not limited to wastewater treatment plant discharges, and not entirely predictable based on trophic status and land use.
A single stage micro-inverter based on a three-port flyback with power decoupling capability

A novel single-stage PV micro-inverter with power decoupling capability for PV applications is proposed in this paper. The proposed topology is based on three-port flyback with one port dedicated to power decoupling function so as to reduce the decoupling capacitance, thus allowing for long lifetime film capacitor to be used. Operation principle is analyzed in details and simulation is carried out to verify the proposed topology. A 100W micro-inverter prototype is built to verify the proposed topology. Experimental results show the proposed topology can achieve power decoupling, while maintaining good efficiency.
An Unseen World of Perpetual Change

The entire Sun is just a giant incandescent ball of gas that seems to extend forever. The gas is compressed at its center, becoming continu-ously more tenuous further out. For example, the Sun’s outermost visible layer, or photosphere, is about ten thousand times less dense than the air we breathe on Earth. The gases enveloping the photosphere are so rarefied that we can see right through them, just as we see through the Earth’s transparent air.
A Morality Play’s Third Act: Revisiting Addiction, Fraud and Consumer Choice in 'Third Wave' Tobacco Litigation

Tobacco products liability litigation may be compared to a morality play, with judges and juries responsible for scripting which party is the most deserving of blame. Historically the tobacco industry fared exceptionally well, with a perfect record of never paying a tort judgment through two significant “waves” of products liability litigation. However, a third wave of lawsuits in the 1990s has altered the script, as evidenced by the nearly $400 billion settlement tentatively agreed to in June 1997. Regardless of whether the settlement is approved by Congress, most of the hundreds of third wave lawsuits (all but the state Medicare lawsuits and class actions) will continue. This Article analyzes how changing social perceptions about the tobacco industry, erosion of the assumption of risk doctrine, and new evidence regarding addiction and industry fraud will affect third wave case. It concludes that these factors may combine to produce a large number of mixed verdicts in third wave lawsuits, in which attribution of moral blame to both smokers and to the tobacco industry will often result in awards of partial damages.
Role of the PI3K/PKB signaling pathway in cAMP-mediated translocation of rat liver Ntcp.

cAMP stimulates Na+-taurocholate (TC) cotransport by translocating the Na+-TC-cotransporting peptide (Ntcp) to the plasma membrane. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the phospha...
Going to School in the United States: Voices of Adolescent Newcomers

Secondary newcomer schools vary tremendously in format but share the common characteristic of being comprised of recently arrived adolescent immigrants. These schools, designed to meet the educational and acculturative needs of adolescent immigrants, have been proliferating across the United States for years. Yet little is known about the experiences of the students attending newcomer schools or about how or how well these schools meet their needs. For this article the author conducted in-depth interviews with seven graduates of an urban secondary newcomer school to address this issue. Participants, two in particular, revealed that, although the school met their needs, there were significant gaps in addressing issues of segregation, the needs of disabled students, and multicultural conflict. Recommendations for teachers, administrators, and policy makers are made in light of these findings.
Molybdenum Atomic Layer Deposition Using MoF6 and Si2H6 as the Reactants

Mo ALD has been demonstrated by fluorosilane elimination chemistry using MoF6 and Si2H6 as the reactants. The nucleation and growth characteristics of Mo ALD were investigated using a variety of in situ and ex situ techniques in both high vacuum and viscous flow reactors. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) investigations showed that Mo ALD has significant growth rate of 500−600 ng/cm2 per cycle or 6−7 A per cycle for temperatures between 90 and 150 °C. The large growth rates could result from extra Mo deposition by MoF6 → Mo + 3F2 that may be facilitated by the very exothermic reaction of MoF6 with silicon-containing surface species. The QCM studies revealed that the Mo ALD surface chemistry is self-limiting. The QCM and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) studies indicated that Mo ALD nucleates very rapidly on Al2O3 ALD surfaces and reaches the linear growth regime after only 4−5 ALD cycles. Oscillatory behavior for the total mass gain and individual mass gains was observed vers...
Physical and Chemical Effects of Focused Ga-Ion Beam on GaAs (100)

Ga droplet formation on GaAs(100) substrates milled by focused Ga ion beam is studied using scanning electron microscopy and scanning Auger microscopy. It is found that Ga droplet formation requires a threshold Ga+ dose of ≈ 1016/cm 2 and is closely correlated to the formation of Ga overlayer at the milled surface and the increase in Ga concentration by ≈ 32% in the subsurface region. The Ga droplet evolution appears to be driven by the instantaneous energy deposited continuously by the ions.
Wind Load Characteristics of Triangular Latticed Tower Trusses and Flow Interferences in-between Them

To meet the needs for accurate wind loads of trusses in precise design as well as the optimization of transmission towers,Navier-Stokes equations were employed in numerical simulations of triangular tower section model based on multi-block structured grids. Shape coefficients at different wind angles were obtained and validated by the results from wind tunnel tests. Comparing with the shape coefficients from different standards and codes,it was indicated that,BS8100 is applicable in practical design; The nonlinear variation of truss wind loads at different wind angles was discussed,and it was shown that windward area acts as the most important parameter for wind loads of the main member located at the forefront position,while both wind area and flow interference work together for wind loads of the other two main members; streamlines at different heights and different semi-span locations,were adopted in the study of flow interferences in-between truss members,and it was found that four flow interference behaviors codetermine the complex flow fields around triangular section model consisting of angle-steel trusses: a) flow interferences limited in different groups; b) shielding effects; c) flow interferences induced by two oblique arrays; d) wake flow affecting downstream truss flows.
A Simple Operating System Kernel

Chapter 4 starts to develop an operating system (OS) kernel for process management. Rather than presenting a complete kernel in one step, it develops the kernel in incremental steps. First, it uses a simple program to introduce the process concept and demonstrate the principle of context switching. It uses a process life-cycle model to create processes and control their executions in a multitasking environment. It extends the multitasking system to support dynamic process creation, process scheduling and process termination. It shows how to stop and continue a process and extends stop/continue to sleep/wakeup operations for process synchronization and explains their usage in an OS kernel. Then it implements the wait operation to allow parent process to wait for child process termination. It also shows how to adjust process priorities for priority-based process scheduling. Then it integrates these concepts and principles to implement an OS kernel for process management. In each step, it demonstrates the design principle and implementation techniques by a working sample system, which allows the reader to test and observe the internal operations of an OS kernel.
No surprise that comb jellies poop.

As one of the organizers of the recent meeting on comb jellies (ctenophores), I feel obliged to comment on the News In Depth story “Comb jelly ‘anus’ guts ideas on origin of through-gut” (A. Maxmen, 25 March, p. [1378][1]), published online on 23 March with the title, “Why watching comb
Words apart: A study of attitudes towards varieties of South African accents in a United States employment scenario

This study investigates Americans’ attitudes toward the four major accents of South African English (SAfE) and several of their subvarieties in a hypothetical U.S. employment scenario. Participants...
Transition Rates in 44 Ca

The mean lives of states in $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ up to an excitation energy of 3360 keV have been measured by the Doppler-shift attenuation method, using both solid and gas backings to slow the recoiling nuclei. Most of the states have lifetimes in the range of a few picoseconds, a "time region" at the limit of sensitivity of either method alone. The combination of the two methods gives accurate upper and lower limits, and a value for the mean life. The resulting experimental transition probabilities are compared to a calculation which assumes the existence of a core-excited rotational band in $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ identical to that found to be necessary in $^{42}\mathrm{Ca}$. A general agreement is obtained. A value has also been measured for the mean life of the 2750-keV 4$^{+}\mathrm{state}$ in $^{42}\mathrm{Ca}$.
WASTES GENERATED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SAUERKRAUT

Forty three surveys were made of two sauerkraut factories to obtain quantitative data on the wastes generated. Trim losses (solid wastes) were over 35 tons per 100 tons of raw cabbage processed and the discarded brine represented about 29% of the salted, shredded cabbage. Other sources of waste effluents were vat soak water, vat wash water, and can cooling water. From 294 to 395 gal of waste effluents were discharged per ton of shredded cabbage processed; the BOD ranged from about 11 to 13 lb. per ton. Brine had enough nutrients (BOD, nitrogen, and phosphorus) for optimal biological stabilization.
Symbiont abundance can affect host plant population dynamics

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Symbioses are almost universal, but little is known about how symbiont abundance can affect host performance. Many orchids undergo vegetative dormancy and frequent and protracted dormancy have been associated with population declines. If mycorrhizal fungi affect host plant performance, those effects are likely to alter patterns of vegetative dormancy. The goal of this study was to determine whether the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi is related to the likelihood of entering dormancy and whether fungal abundance varied with dormancy duration in the federally listed threatened orchid Isotria medeoloides. METHODS We studied three populations of the threatened North American terrestrial orchid Isotria medeoloides using long-term emergence data and evaluated the relationship between the abundance of associated mycorrhizal fungi (Russulaceae) and orchid dormancy and emergence. Mycorrhizal fungi in soil adjacent to orchids were quantified in two ways. First, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi on adjacent root tips were identified using DNA sequencing to determine their phylogenetic relationship to fungi that are known to form mycorrhizae with I. medeoloides. Second, we extracted DNA from soil samples and used quantitative real-time PCR to estimate the abundance of Russulaceae hyphae adjacent to each orchid. KEY RESULTS We found that the abundance of Russulaceae, both in the soil and on nearby ECM root tips, was significantly related to orchid prior emergence. Both abundance and prior emergence history were predictive of future emergence. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi can influence orchid population dynamics and is an essential component of orchid conservation.
Cancer: Double trouble for tumours.

When some cancer cells delete a tumour-suppressor gene, they also delete nearby genes. It emerges that one of these latter genes has a key metabolic role, revealing a therapeutic opportunity that might be relevant for many tumours. See Letter p.119 In pancreatic cancer, a commonly deleted genomic region includes the gene that encodes metabolic malic enzyme 2, ME2. The authors show that pancreatic tumour cells depend on the activity of the other malic enzyme isoform, ME3, for survival. This finding reveals a metabolic collateral vulnerability that may be further explored to develop therapeutic strategies.
Performance-Based Linearization Approach for Modeling Induction Motor Drive Loads in Dynamic Simulation

This paper describes a technique to model a vector-controlled induction motor drive in large-scale phasor-level dynamic simulation programs. The performance-based load model is implemented by obtaining the linearized power-voltage and power-frequency transfer functions from test data or from detailed electro-magnetic transient simulation used as a surrogate for test data. Voltage and frequency modulations are performed to obtain the amplitude and phase responses of the detailed vector-controlled drive model for a range of discrete frequencies. The prediction error minimization technique is utilized to generate best-fit analytical transfer function expressions. The electrical interface of the performance-based drive load model is developed to interact with the external system in positive-sequence dynamic simulation programs. The drive model is used to investigate the relative damping effects of drive-connected and direct-connected motors on system voltage and frequency oscillations.
Optimal Price and Delay Differentiation in Large-Scale Queueing Systems

We study a multiserver queueing model of a revenue-maximizing firm providing a service to a market of heterogeneous price- and delay-sensitive customers with private individual preferences. The firm may offer a selection of service classes that are differentiated in prices and delays. Using a deterministic relaxation, which simplifies the problem by preserving the economic aspects of price-and-delay differentiation while ignoring queueing delays, we construct a solution to the fully stochastic problem that is incentive compatible and near optimal in systems with large capacity and market potential. Our approach provides several new insights for large-scale systems: (i) the deterministic analysis captures all pricing, differentiation, and delay characteristics of the stochastic solution that are nonnegligible at large scale; (ii) service differentiation is optimal when the less delay-sensitive market segment is sufficiently elastic; (iii) the use of “strategic delay” depends on system capacity and market h...
CHILDBIRTH RELATED COMPLICATIONS IN WOMEN WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Background: Childbirth poses increased risk of death and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Data is, however, scarce and limited to small number of patients reported from large tertiary care centers. We aimed to examine the maternal cardiovascular and
The aerosol impact spectrometer: a versatile platform for studying the velocity dependence of nanoparticle-surface impact phenomena

A new apparatus designed to accelerate/decelerate and study the surface impact phenomena of charged aerosols and nanoparticles over a wide range of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and final velocities is described. A nanoparticle ion source coupled with a linear electrostatic trap configured as an image charge detection (ICD) mass spectrometer allows determination of the mass-to-charge ratio and the absolute charge and mass of single nanoparticles. A nine-stage linear accelerator/decelerator is used to fix the final velocity of the nanoparticles, and in the results reported here the coefficient of restitution for polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) impacting on silicon is measured using ICD techniques. To enable this apparatus to study a wide range of m/z, the data acquisition system uses a transient digitizer interfaced to a field-programmable gate array module that allows real time calculation of m/z and determination of the pulse sequence for the linear accelerator/decelerator. Electrospray ionization of a colloidal suspension of PSL spheres of 510 and 990 nm has been used to demonstrate acceleration and deceleration of charged nanoparticles and the resolution of the apparatus. Measurements of the coefficient of restitution for PSLs on silicon over the range 10-400 m/s are consistent with previous studies.
Charting Ahead: Navigating Threats and Challenges to the Urban-Serving Research University Mission.

The higher education context that our CUMU institutions must navigate is complex and begets challenges resulting from the distinct mission our institutions seek to uphold. The implications of these challenges give rise to impacts on everyone within the institution and consequently our constituents within the cities we seek to serve. Bringing together literature, emerging research, and points from discussions at the 2016 CUMU conference, this paper analyzes challenges and their implications and highlights the strategies being employed to navigate them. We consider the tensions inherent in the urban-serving university identity, the cost of serving urban regions, and the state structures that provide funding. All of these tensions have implications for commitment to mission, access for historically marginalized students, and the experiences of faculty within the institution. We also discuss strategic initiatives and efforts that reflect collaboration, strategic alignment, and innovation. This work is of value for those working within urban-serving universities, those who work to uphold their mission in higher education, and policy makers that shape the context of these institutions’ work.
Assessment of genome annotation using gene function similarity within the gene neighborhood.

Abstract Background Functional annotation of bacterial genomes is an obligatory and crucially important step of information processing from the genome sequences into cellular mechanisms. However, there is a lack of computational methods to evaluate the quality of functional assignments. Results We developed a genome-scale model that assigns Bayesian probability to each gene utilizing a known property of functional similarity between neighboring genes in bacteria. Conclusions Our model clearly distinguished true annotation from random annotation with Bayesian annotation probability >0.95. Our model will provide a useful guide to quantitatively evaluate functional annotation methods and to detect gene sets with reliable annotations.
Virtual robot experiments for navigation in structured environments

A cost-effective and easy-to-implement mobile robot navigation scheme in a virtual robot platform is proposed. The proposed scheme consists of two cascaded phases. In the first phase, the robot is supposed to estimate its pose (position and orientation) and build a map of its operating environment using a set of radio frequency (RF) sensors. In the second phase, the robot navigates through a set of 2D points (called herein waypoints) on the ground (structured navigation). The problem in the first phase is solved using the Extended Kalman Filter-Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (EKF-SLAM) technique. The EKF-SLAM is then paired with a motion controller for the robot to navigate through waypoints. The performance of the proposed navigation scheme is evaluated using a commercial robot simulator software, V-REP (Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform), which follows industry standard robotic platforms to faithfully reproduce the proposed navigation scheme as if this navigation scheme is applied in real-life application scenarios.
A Wave-Based Approach for Seismic Response Analyses of High-Rise Buildings

This study examines one-dimensional wave propagation in a multi-story building with seismic excitation. In particular, the building is modeled as a series of shear beams for columns/walls and lumped masses for floors. Wave response at one location of the building is then derived to an impulse displacement at another location in time and frequency domains, termed here as wave-based or generalized impulse/frequency response function (GIRF/GFRF), which is dependent upon the building characteristics above the impulse location. Not only does this study illustrate features of GIRF/GFRF in terms of building properties, it also shows broad-based applications of the modeling. Two examples are presented with the use of the modeling. One is wave-based characterization of ten-story Millikan Library in Pasadena, California with the recordings of Yorba Linda earthquake of September 3, 2002. The other is analysis for influence of stochastic floor-to-column mass ratio, story-height and seismic input in seismic wave responses.
Who SKIPS? Using Temperament to Explain Differential Outcomes of a Motor Competence Intervention for Preschoolers.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Although motor skill interventions often improve fundamental motor skills (FMS) during preschool, the extent of individual children’s success in development of FMS still varies among children receiving the same intervention. Temperament is multifaceted and includes negative affect (high levels of frustration or anger), effortful control (focus, self-regulation, and concentration), and surgency (energy and activity level). Temperament often influences cognitive, social, and behavioral outcomes and may be a significant factor in the development of FMS. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of temperament on children’s improvement in FMS within a gross motor intervention. Method: Participants (N = 80; Mage = 55.36 months, SD = 6.99 months) completed the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition prior to and after intervention. Teachers completed the Child Behavior Questionnaire-Very Short Form to examine each child’s temperament. To account for possibility of a Type 1 e...
Appropriations and Innovations in Metalinguistic Terminology in an Influential Telugu Grammar Composed in Sanskrit

The various traditions of Sanskrit grammar have served as models, or as sources for metalinguistic description, for many other grammars composed to describe South Asian classical or local literary languages. This article investigates the contents of the first chapter (on metalinguistic terms) of a remarkable and influential medieval grammar of the major Dravidian language Telugu, or Āndhra-bhāṣā, known as the Āndhraśabdacintāmaṇi . This grammar was composed with the same technical precision and a style similar to that of Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī . Hence, the purpose of this article: to study the processes of adaptation of metalanguage and of the Sanskrit metalinguistic technologies to describe Telugu in Sanskrit, a language that has both profound lexical affinities and striking phonological and morphological divergences from Telugu.
Representing and visualizing data uncertainty in input-output life cycle assessment models

Abstract Uncertainty assessment is crucial to the reliability of decisions made based on results of life cycle assessment (LCA) models. However, the most popular uncertainty analysis method in LCA models defines uncertainty as quantified empirical judgment of the sources of the inventory data, which lacks the deviations due to the measurements of the data. We create a modified range method that leverages an array of publicly available data to represent the uncertainty of the actual values used in input-output models as ranges. Using these ranges, we propagate and visualize results from the uncertainties. We demonstrate the utility of the method using the Economic Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment (EIO-LCA) model and focus on the uncertainty of estimated energy consumption. Results show that for energy consumption values in the model, average uncertainty ranges are within ±40% with some outliers. Our method screens based on the magnitude of impacts and the relative uncertainty. Improved uncertainty assessment supports various types of decisions, such as product comparisons, hotspot analysis, and overall energy analyses. We used three case studies to demonstrate the implementations of our method. This method can be extended to additional types of flows, beyond energy, and to process-matrix-based LCA models.
The Culture of Criticism: Adolf Behne and the Development of Modern Architecture in Germany, 1910-1914

This dissertation investigates the early career of the German architectural critic Adolf Behne (1885-1948) and the crucial role he played in defining and promoting an early vision of modern architecture. During the particularly vibrant cultural moment in Germany before World War I, Behne became intent on finding artistic and architectural alternatives to what he perceived as the elitism, materialism, and decadence of Wilhelmine society. Influenced by the cultural program of the Socialist party, Behne believed that modern art had to be made accessible to all, and that modern architecture must be grounded in a "social conscience." The theories of Expressionist artists he encountered in Berlin’s Sturm Gallery led Behne to the very different conviction that art must primarily express the inner experience and creative urges of modern man. Combining ideas from Expressionism and Socialism, Behne embraced one of the fundamental paradoxes of modern culture: that art could be simultaneously an ideal, autonomous object of the avant-garde, and also politically and socially engaged to benefit the masses. Behne found a resolution to this paradox in architecture. His interpretations of Bruno Taut’s early apartment houses and experimental exhibition pavilions as syntheses of fantasy and functional form-making--an "artistic Sachlichkeit"--inspired the critic to invent the concept of an Expressionist architecture. At the same time, the heated debates promoted by the German Werkbund about the relative merits of art and industry in leading architectural reform, provoked Behne to write trenchant criticism about the nature of contemporary architecture and its place in the social fabric of modern society. Far more than an objective reporter or passive filter of the moment, Behne worked in conjunction with artists, architects, publishers, and a nascent media culture to help bridge the gap between the producers of the new architecture and the ever-expanding consuming public. In this early criticism Behne established the themes that would propel him to become one of the most perspicacious critics of the twentieth century architecture and culture.
Effect of Humanlikeness on Satisfaction with the Recommender System: Expectancy-Disconfirmation Model Perspective

Recommender system is a service agent that provides personalized recommendations based on customers' past behavioral data and general product information. This agent takes the role of salesperson in online shopping by providing necessary information to assist customers to fulfill their shopping goal. As salesperson's advice and assistance is important for customers' satisfaction, how much recommender system is perceived as a human (like a salesperson) was expected to be an important predictor of satisfaction. Using expectancy-disconfirmation theory, this study was designed to investigate the relationships between consumers' personality traits, their perception of humanlikeness of RS, and cognitive and affective satisfaction responses to RS. A structural equation model (N=419) was used to test the hypotheses. The results confirmed the importance of humanlikeness of RS in online shopping satisfaction. Additionally, personality traits (i.e., propensity to trust, openness, and conscientiousness) were found to be related to one's perception of RS's humanlikness.
Functional and phylogenetic characterization of noncanonical vitamin B12–binding proteins in zebrafish suggests involvement in cobalamin transport

In humans, transport of food-derived cobalamin (vitamin B12) from the digestive system into the bloodstream involves three paralogous proteins: transcobalamin (TC), haptocorrin (HC), and intrinsic factor (IF). Each of these proteins contains two domains, an α-domain and a β-domain, which together form a cleft in which cobalamin binds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are thought to possess only a single cobalamin transport protein, referred to as Tcn2, which is a transcobalamin homolog. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to create null alleles of tcn2 in zebrafish. Fish homozygous for tcn2-null alleles were viable and exhibited no obvious developmentally or behaviorally abnormal phenotypes. For this reason, we hypothesized that previously unidentified cobalamin-carrier proteins encoded in the zebrafish genome may provide an additional pathway for cobalamin transport. We identified genes predicted to code for two such proteins, Tcn-beta-a (Tcnba) and Tcn-beta-b (Tcnbb), which differ from all previously characterized cobalamin transport proteins as they lack the α-domain. These β-domain–only proteins are representative of an undescribed class of cobalamin-carrier proteins that are highly conserved throughout the ray-finned fishes. We observed that the genes encoding the three cobalamin transport homologs, tcn2, tcnba, and tcnbb, are expressed in unique spatial and temporal patterns in the developing zebrafish. Moreover, exogenously expressed recombinant Tcnba and Tcnbb bound cobalamin with high affinity, comparable with binding by full-length Tcn2. Taken together, our results suggest that this noncanonical protein structure has evolved to fully function as a cobalamin-carrier protein, thereby allowing for a compensatory cobalamin transport mechanism in the tcn2−/− zebrafish.
Developing Change Readiness: A Video-Based Classroom Exercise:

Leading change is a significant element of a management career, and therefore, discussions on change management are integral to leadership and organizational behavior courses in business programs. ...
Extruded Fiber-Reinforced Composites Manufactured from Recycled Wind Turbine Blade Material

Energy conservation is one of the most challenging issues throughout the world. As consumers demand alternatives to fossil fuel, the use of alternative energy sources including wind energy is increasing. With an increase in the use of wind energy a collateral issue of what to do with the large and voluminous wind turbine blades (WTB) has arisen. Currently, there are no economically viable recycling pathways for damaged or end-of-life WTBs, which are made primarily of glass fiber composites. This research evaluates an economically viable composite fabrication system using mechanically recycled WTB (rWTB) material as a feedstock for thermoplastic composites. The WTB material was first mechanically milled and classified through a range of varying screen sizes. We then blended this with high density polyethylene (HDPE) thermoplastic resin and extruded it to a profiled composite. We determined the influence of refined particle size, resin content and coupling agents [maleic anhydride polyethylene (MAPE) and methacryloxypropyltriethoxysilane (Silane)] on the properties of recycled composites. We also obtained static bending, coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) and water sorption properties for all composites. Overall improvement of mechanical and physical properties of composites achieved by using MAPE as a coupling agent. Findings show that mechanical recycling of wind turbine blades is a feasible and promising way to fabricate a high-performance second-generation composite.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Cyclotriphosphate Hydrates Nd(P3O9)·3H2O, Nd(P3O9)·4.5H2O, RE(P3O9)·5H2O (RE: Pr, Nd), and Na3RE (P3O9)2·6H2O (RE: Pr, Nd).

The title cyclotriphosphate hydrates are obtained from aqueous solutions of LnCl3 (Ln: Pr, Nd) and Na3(P3O9) and characterized by single crystal XRD and vibrational spectroscopy.