cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What’s special about task in dystonia? A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion weighted imaging study

Numerous brain imaging studies have demonstrated structural changes in the basal ganglia, thalamus, sensorimotor cortex, and cerebellum across different forms of primary dystonia. However, our understanding of brain abnormalities contributing to the clinically well-described phenomenon of task specificity in dystonia remained limited. We used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry and diffusion weighted imaging with tract-based spatial statistics of fractional anisotropy to examine gray and white matter organization in two task-specific dystonia forms, writer's cramp and laryngeal dystonia, and two non-task-specific dystonia forms, cervical dystonia and blepharospasm. A direct comparison between both dystonia forms indicated that characteristic gray matter volumetric changes in task-specific dystonia involve the brain regions responsible for sensorimotor control during writing and speaking, such as primary somatosensory cortex, middle frontal gyrus, superior/inferior temporal gyrus, middle/posterior cingulate cortex, and occipital cortex as well as the striatum and cerebellum (lobules VI-VIIa). These gray matter changes were accompanied by white matter abnormalities in the premotor cortex, middle/inferior frontal gyrus, genu of the corpus callosum, anterior limb/genu of the internal capsule, and putamen. Conversely, gray matter volumetric changes in the non-task-specific group were limited to the left cerebellum (lobule VIIa) only, whereas white matter alterations were found to underlie the primary sensorimotor cortex, inferior parietal lobule, and middle cingulate gyrus. Distinct microstructural patterns in task-specific and non-task-specific dystonias may represent neuroimaging markers and provide evidence that these two dystonia subclasses likely follow divergent pathophysiological mechanisms precipitated by different triggers.
An update on pediatric endoscopy

Advances in endoscopy and anesthesia have enabled gastrointestinal endoscopy for children since 1960. Over the past decades, the number of endoscopies has increased rapidly. As specialized teams of pediatric gastroenterologists, pediatric intensive care physicians and pediatric endoscopy nurses are available in many medical centers, safe and effective procedures have been established. Therefore, diagnostic endoscopies in children are routine clinical procedures. The most frequently performed endoscopies are esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP). Therapeutic interventions include variceal bleeding ligation, foreign body retrieval and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. New advances in pediatric endoscopy have led to more sensitive diagnostics of common pediatric gastrointestinal disorders, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and celiac disease; likewise, new diseases, such as eosinophilic esophagitis, have been brought to light. Upcoming modalities, such as capsule endoscopy, double balloon enteroscopy and narrow band imaging, are being established and may contribute to diagnostics in pediatric gastroenterology in the future.
EVIDENCE FOR A GENERAL SPECIES–TIME–AREA RELATIONSHIP

The species-area relationship (SAR) plays a central role in biodiversity re- search, and recent work has increased awareness of its temporal analogue, the species- time relationship (STR). Here we provide evidence for a general species-time-area rela- tionship (STAR), in which species number is a function of the area and time span of sampling, as well as their interaction. For eight assemblages, ranging from lake zooplankton to desert rodents, this model outperformed a sampling-based model and two simpler models in which area and time had independent effects. In every case, the interaction term was negative, meaning that rates of species accumulation in space decreased with the time span of sampling, while species accumulation rates in time decreased with area sampled. Al- though questions remain about its precise functional form, the STAR provides a tool for scaling species richness across time and space, for comparing the relative rates of species turnover in space and time at different scales of sampling, and for rigorous testing of mechanisms proposed to drive community dynamics. Our results show that the SAR and STR are not separate relationships but two dimensions of one unified pattern.
An organization and interface for sensor-driven semiconductor process control systems

An architecture and sensor bus interface for use in generic bus-organized sensor-driven process control systems where high accuracy and high reliability are important are presented. The organization permits 12-b digital sensor data to be communicated to the host processor over bidirectional parallel or serial data buses which include parity checking. Remote testing of the sensor can be implemented along with PROM-based digital compensation of primary and cross-parameter sensitivities. The sensor bus interface is microprocessor controlled, has been implemented using discrete commercial components, and has been designed and simulated in monolithic form. Designs using 3- mu m single-metal double-poly and 1- mu m double-metal single-poly CMOS technologies are contrasted. Monolithic node integration appears well within the range of current technology, with power levels of less than 75 mW and die areas below 40 mm/sup 2/. The organization makes sensor interrogations appear much like the memory accesses, yielding very fast response times to the host. >
Acute treatment of migraine headache

The purpose of this article is to provide practitioners with the tools necessary to diagnose and treat acute migraine. The current diagnostic criteria for migraine are outlined. Pearls to distinguish migraine from the other primary headaches, such as tension-type headache and cluster headache, are provided. The importance of the headache history, plus indications for neuroimaging, are presented. Readers will be taught how to take an effective headache history. General principles of treatment, including appropriate medication selection, medication dosing and route of administration, medication contraindications, drug interactions, and tips to optimize success are covered. A stratified care plan is outlined. Acute migraine treatment options are discussed, including dosing, side effects, and summary recommendations for simple analgesics, combination analgesics, opiates, corticosteroids, and the migraine specific ergots and triptans. The 7 available triptans are covered in detail and tips for selecting the most appropriate triptan for specific situations are delineated. Preventative and future treatments are briefly discussed.
In Vitro Detection of Apoptosis in Monocytes/Macrophages Infected with Human Coronavirus

Human coronavirus (HCoV) strain 229E infection, but not HCoV strain OC43 infection, of monocytes/macrophages from healthy donors and patients with multiple sclerosis in remission resulted in increased apoptosis, as measured by DNA changes and annexin V staining. Apoptosis correlated with the differential release of infectious virus. HCoV strain 229E titers were 103.5 to 106 50% tissue culture-infective doses (TCID50)/ml, and HCoV strain OC43 titers were only 101.2 to 102.7 TCID50/ml.
Trace metal-chelator interactions and phytoplankton growth in seawater media: Theoretical analysis and comparison with reported observations 1

Effects of trace metal chelators in seawater are examined theoretically in terms of equilibrium chemical speciation in seawater; of chemical interactions between all metals, naturally occurring ligands, and added organic chelating agents of various binding strengths and total concentrations; and of transfer of trace metals to the phytoplankton cell surface. An equilibrium model involving 18 metals and 8 ligands is applied to find the metal species in natural seawater, chelator-amended seawater, and synthetic seawater media. Three mechanisms for enhanced supply of iron via chelation are examined: transport through the membrane, ligand exchange at the cell surface, and increased supply of iron to the cell surface by dissociation of a chelate. None account for the observed effects of chelator variations on growth rate. Detoxification of toxic metals via chelation shows a strong correlation between growth rate and free Cu/sup 2 +/ computed at equilibrium in solution.
Scalable network path emulation

Laboratory-based experimentation is an increasingly popular method for conducting network research since it enables implementations of network systems and protocols to be evaluated. Most research conducted in lab-based environments requires the faithful reproduction of wide area network conditions. An important step toward satisfying this requirement is the creation of paths between nodes in the lab that have the same characteristics as paths between nodes in the Internet. In this paper, we describe and evaluate a new, highly scalable, software-based path emulation tool called NetPath. We describe the design and implementation of NetPath, which features fixed and probabilistic packet propagation delay emulation, probabilistic bit errors, probabilistic packet loss, packet duplication, and packet reordering capability. Through a series of controlled laboratory experiments, we demonstrate that Net-Path offers over three times the loss-free throughput capacity of other popular software-based path/network emulators. We show that under moderate load NetPath's mean propagation delay emulation precision is within 1% of a hardware-based reference emulator. This result represents a significant improvement over other software-based emulators. We illustrate how, relative to our hardware-based reference, NetPath improves application traffic behavior over other software-based emulators. Finally, we demonstrate and characterize NetPath's ability to provide path emulation simultaneously on multiple physical links. This capability, which is facilitated through the use of our link configuration tool, enables laboratory system resources to be more efficiently utilized.
The SASHA architecture for network-clustered web servers

We present the Scalable, Application-Space, Highly-Available (SASHA) architecture for network-clustered web servers that demonstrates high performance and fault tolerance using application-space software and Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and operating systems. Our SASHA architecture consists of an application-space dispatcher, which performs OSI layer 4 switching using layer 2 or layer 3 address translation; application-space agents that execute on server nodes to provide the capability for any server node to operate as the dispatcher, a distributed state-reconstruction algorithm; and a token-based communications protocol that supports self-configuring, detecting and adapting to the addition or removal of servers. The SASHA architecture of clustering offers a flexible and cost-effective alternative to kernel-space or hardware-based network-clustered servers with performance comparable to kernel-space implementations.
THE EFFECT OF APPLE MATURITY AND FIRMNESS ON BRUISE VOLUME

Red and Golden Delicious apples were tested to determine resistance to impact bruising with respect to day after bloom. Impact resistance measured by volume of bruised tissue was found to have a significant linear relation to day after bloom, firmness and bruise energy. Specific bruise volume (bruise volume per unit of energy input) did not change significantly over the growth period of the fruit when a constant drop height was maintained. This indicates that increases in bruising as the apple matures are due to increased weight of the fruit (bruise energy) rather than change in properties of the apple tissue.
Connecting Sparsely Distributed Similar Bloggers

The nature of the Blogosphere determines that the majority of bloggers are only connected with a small number of fellow bloggers, and similar bloggers can be largely disconnected from each other. Aggregating them allows for cost-effective personalized services, targeted marketing, and exploration of new business opportunities. As most bloggers have only a small number of adjacent bloggers, the problem of aggregating similar bloggers presents challenges that demand novel algorithms of connecting the non-adjacent due to the fragmented distributions of bloggers. In this work, we define the problem, delineate its challenges, and present an approach that uses innovative ways to employ contextual information and collective wisdom to aggregate similar bloggers. A real-world blog directory is used for experiments. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, report findings, and discuss related issues and future work.
A classification and comparison framework for software architecture description languages

Software architectures shift the focus of developers from lines-of-code to coarser-grained architectural elements and their overall interconnection structure. Architecture description languages (ADLs) have been proposed as modeling notations to support architecture-based development. There is, however, little consensus in the research community on what is an ADL, what aspects of an architecture should be modeled in an ADL, and which of several possible ADLs is best suited for a particular problem. Furthermore, the distinction is rarely made between ADLs on one hand and formal specification, module interconnection, simulation and programming languages on the other. This paper attempts to provide an answer to these questions. It motivates and presents a definition and a classification framework for ADLs. The utility of the definition is demonstrated by using it to differentiate ADLs from other modeling notations. The framework is used to classify and compare several existing ADLs, enabling us, in the process, to identify key properties of ADLs. The comparison highlights areas where existing ADLs provide extensive support and those in which they are deficient, suggesting a research agenda for the future.
Myocardial Strain and Strain Rate from Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography are Unable to Differentiate Asymptomatic Biopsy-Proven Cellular Rejection in the First Year after Cardiac Transplantation

Background Cellular rejection after cardiac transplantation is treatable with timely diagnosis. Because noninvasive methods for diagnosis are limited, surveillance endomyocardial biopsies are routinely performed in the first year after transplantation. The aim of this study was to test whether myocardial strain and strain rate as assessed by speckle-tracking echocardiography would be a sensitive noninvasive method for the detection of asymptomatic rejection. Methods Surveillance biopsies and echocardiograms obtained in the first year after transplantation were retrospectively reviewed, and patients with asymptomatic biopsy-proven cellular rejection were identified, as well as control transplantation patients without rejection or cardiac complications. Circumferential and longitudinal strain and strain rate were measured using Velocity Vector Imaging software from echocardiograms performed at three time points for patients with rejection—baseline (no rejection), rejection, and resolution (of rejection)—and three time points for control patients—baseline (within the first month after transplantation), 6 months, and 12 months after transplantation. Results Speckle-tracking strain and strain rate measurements were obtained from 30 patients with asymptomatic biopsy-proven rejection and 14 control transplantation patients. There were no significant differences in circumferential and longitudinal strain or strain rate between the baseline, rejection, and resolution studies. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in strain and strain rate in control transplantation patients during the first year after transplantation or compared with patients with rejection. Conclusions Speckle-tracking analysis was unable to detect changes on serial studies from patients with asymptomatic rejection and thus cannot replace biopsy. Other noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of cellular-mediated rejection are needed.
Spatially complex land change: The Indirect effect of Brazil's agricultural sector on land use in Amazonia

Abstract Soybean farming has brought economic development to parts of South America, as well as environmental hopes and concerns. A substantial hope resides in the decoupling of Brazil's agricultural sector from deforestation in the Amazon region, in which case expansive agriculture need not imply forest degradation. However, concerns have also been voiced about the potential indirect effects of agriculture. This article addresses these indirect effects for the case of the Brazilian Amazon since 2002. Our work finds that as much as thirty-two percent of deforestation, or the loss of more than 30,000 km2 of Amazon forest, is attributable, indirectly, to Brazil's soybean sector. However, we also observe that the magnitude of the indirect impact of the agriculture sector on forest loss in the Amazon has declined markedly since 2006. We also find a shift in the underlying causes of indirect land use change in the Amazon, and suggest that land appreciation in agricultural regions has supplanted farm expansions as a source of indirect land use change. Our results are broadly congruent with recent work recognizing the success of policy changes in mitigating the impact of soybean expansion on forest loss in the Amazon. However, they also caution that the soybean sector may continue to incentivize land clearings through its impact on regional land markets.
Multiple-Operator Discriminandum for Classroom Use

A device is described which allows students to present discriminative stimuli to an instructor during a lecture Explicit and immediare reinforcement of the instructor's appropriate classroom behavior increased clarity and informativeness of lectures
Cystitis and Urethritis

CLASSIFICATION Although the terms cystitis, urethritis, and pyelonephritis are useful to the clinician for describing different clinically encountered varieties of urinary tract infection, one must not be limited only to site of localization when classifying urinary infections. Two other helpful schemes of classification (Table 1) have evolved based on pathogenesis1 and management.2 FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE Children and adolescents with cystitis or urethritis have urinary symptoms suggestive of urinary tract infection. In fact, not all symptomatic patients have true bacteriuria. Of all patients less than 15 years of age with urinary symptoms, only 9% were bacteriuric, and only 18% with dysuria had positive cultures for a pathogen.3 The incidence of true urinary tract infection from these data is 1.7 per 1,000 boys and 3.1 per 1,000 girls per year. The incidence of apparent first symptomatic urinary tract infection declines with increasing age, the decline being more rapid in boys (Figure). Patients with nonsymptomatic infections often feel more comfortable after treatment or more commonly may report loss of characteristic odor after appropriate therapy has been initiated for the positive culture results obtained for surveillance purposes. Data from large screening surveys of so-called healthy populations demonstrate a prevalence of unrecognized bacteriuria in 0.5% to 1.6% of school-aged girls.
The Novel Endocannabinoid Receptor GPR18 Is Expressed in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla and Exerts Tonic Restraining Influence on Blood Pressure

Systemic administration of the G-protein–coupled receptor 18 (GPR18) agonist abnormal cannabidiol (Abn CBD) lowers blood pressure (BP). Whether GPR18 is expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a role in BP control is not known despite the abundance of the GPR18 ligand N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly) in the CNS. Therefore, we first determined whether GPR18 is expressed in the presympathetic tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive (ir) neurons of the brainstem cardiovascular regulatory nuclei. Second, we investigated the impact of GPR18 activation and blockade on BP and heart rate (HR) and neurochemical modulators of sympathetic activity and BP. Immunofluorescence findings revealed GPR18 expression in TH-ir neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Intra-RVLM GPR18 activation (Abn CBD) and blockade (O-1918, 1,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-2-[(1R,6R)-3-methyl-6-(1-methylethenyl)-2-,cyclohexen-1-yl]benzene) elicited dose-dependent reductions and elevations in BP, respectively, along with respective increases and decreases in HR in conscious male Sprague-Dawley rats. RVLM GPR18 activation increased neuronal adiponectin (ADN) and NO and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and GPR18 blockade reduced neuronal ADN and increased oxidative stress (i.e., ROS) in the RVLM. Finally, we hypothesized that the negligible hypotensive effect caused by the endogenous GPR18 ligand NAGly could be due to concurrent activation of CB1R in the RVLM. Our findings support this hypothesis because NAGly-evoked hypotension was doubled after RVLM CB1R blockade (SR141716, rimonabant). These findings are the first to demonstrate GPR18 expression in the RVLM and to suggest a sympathoinhibitory role for this receptor. The findings yield new insight into the role of a novel cannabinoid receptor (GPR18) in central BP control.
Application of the ACT3D Robot in the Evaluation of Functional Reaching Performance and the Administration of Experimental Interventions

Since the development of the Arm Coordination Training 3D Device (ACT3D, United States Patent No. 7,252,644 B2, Aug. 7, 2007) in 2002, colleagues in the Neuroimaging and Motor Control Laboratory at Northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences have been studying the administration of therapeutic interventions and the measurement of reaching performance as they relate to the fundamental impairment of abnormal abduction/elbow flexion torque coupling or “flexion synergy” in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke. The quantification of reaching work area as a function abduction loading with the ACT3D robot represents the detrimental impact of abnormal joint torque coupling on functional reaching and can be utilized as an outcome measure in clinical research and practice. Furthermore, the ACT3D can be used to initiate and progress a therapeutic intervention meant to reduce the abnormal joint torque coupling impairment and thus increase reaching range of motion under functionally relevant abduction loading conditions. This paper will review the work completed to date utilizing targeted rehabilitation robotics both as a quantitative clinical evaluation tool and also as a rehabilitation device for the administration of quantitatively controlled therapeutic exercise.
Implementing Stochastic Preplanned Restoration with Proportional Weighted Path Choice in IP/GMPLS/WDM Networks

IP over WDM networking and related GMPLS standards, appear to be attractive solutions for today's and future Internet applications due to their ability to handle multiple traffic flows independently of one another, and reserve wavelengths to carry a large number of aggregated flows. Another advantage of these solutions is the simplified IP over WDM stack, that provides all the vital network functionalities, including network reliability. The paper investigates the use of the stochastic preplanned restoration scheme with proportional weighted path choice (SPR-PW) to design reliable and efficient IP/GMPLS/WDM networks. Upon the disruption of a primary flow determined by a link failure, one of the associated preplanned secondary paths is readily selected by the SPR-PW scheme to continue the flow transmission. The selection of the secondary path is performed on a probabilistic base, without requiring time-consuming coordination among the restoration attempts of the disrupted flows. As a result of this stochastic selection, the SPR-PW scheme has the potential to yield short recovery times. In addition, the SPR-PW required signaling, upon and before the failure occurrence, is limited, which makes SPR-PW a scheme suitable for highly dynamic traffic scenarios, in which flows are subject to frequent changes. The paper describes the SPR-PW scheme as it is applied to cope with physical link failures, depicts a possible implementation of such a scheme using standard IP/GMPLS signaling capabilities, and numerically demonstrates two properties of the SPR-PW scheme, i.e., low blocking probability and short restoration times.
High-Frequency High-Efficiency GaN-Based Interleaved CRM Bidirectional Buck/Boost Converter with Inverse Coupled Inductor

This paper presents a high-frequency high-efficiency GaN device-based interleaved critical current mode (CRM) bidirectional buck/boost converter with an inverse coupled inductor. The switching frequency is continually driven to megahertz range with GaN devices due to their small switching loss and driving loss, which greatly reduces the size of the passive components. The coupled inductor further reduces the core volume due to certain dc flux reductions. The equivalent inductance and the impact of the inverse coupled inductor on the CRM buck–boost converter are analyzed in detail. The resonant period in CRM is less with an inverse coupled inductor than with a noncoupled inductor, which is beneficial for the high-frequency operation. The soft-switching range and the circulating energy are both improved using an inverse coupled inductor in CRM. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis, and the coupled inductor prototype efficiency is 98.5% at 1 MHz, which is 0.3% higher than a prototype with a noncoupled inductor.
Allelopathy: Full Circle from Phytotoxicity to Mechanisms of Resistance

Recently there have been important strides in decoding the role of allelopathy in ecological invasions. However, in order to truly unlock the potential of allelopathy it is necessary to understand how allelochemicals affect plants on many levels, from their influence on community dynamics to their cellular targets within an individual plant to how modifications of the structure of a chemical can alter its activity. Collaborations between ecologists, chemists, and molecular biologists are now facilitating the elucidation of some of these interactions. Perhaps one of the most recent and well-documented of these interdisciplinary studies of an allelochemical is the research that has been done on (± )-catechin, a phytotoxin produced by Centaurea maculosa. As detailed in this chapter, several ecological, chemical and molecular studies have been conducted in an attempt to clarify the role of this chemical in the invasive success of C. maculosa. Although proof for an ecological role of this phytochemical remains elusive, these studies provide a model for the type of interdisciplinary work that is required to determine the importance of allelopathy in ecology and to manipulate the allelopathic potential of certain plants for weed management in cultivated crops.
Abstract 4539: Selection of non-phophorylated peptide inhibitors of BRCA1.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC A growing body of literature suggests Breast Cancer-Associated Protein 1 (BRCA1) is important not only as a cause, but also as a target in the quest for cancer treatment. BRCA1 deficient cells treated with radiation as well as PARP inhibitors and other chemotherapeutics demonstrate a greater sensitivity than cells with wild type BRCA1. Inhibitors of BRCA1 would take advantage of this synthetic lethality and represent a significant advance in cancer treatment as well as an understanding of the biology of DNA repair. Despite significant study of BRCA1 protein and function, it is a large protein (208 KDa) that is still largely uncharacterized, but its N- and C-terminal domains have been described by significant structural data. The BRCT (BRCA1 C-Terminal) Domain is a phosphoprotein binding domain that is commonly mutated or lost in cancers and has a binding cleft seemingly very suitable for drug design. Small molecule screens have been conducted against this domain, but the resulting hits with moderate affinity have not been shown to induce BRCA1 deficient phenotypes. Phosphopeptides have also been studied as potential BRCA1 inhibitors, yet despite some having affinities in the mid-nanomolar range the presence of a phosphate is not without its pharmacologic challenges. We generated an mRNA display library with 1.3 x 10ˆ13 cyclized peptides covalently attached to the mRNA that encoded them. Eight rounds of selection exposing the library to a GST-BRCT fusion resulted in non-phosphorylated peptides that bind to a BRCT domain of BRCA1. The sequences resulting from the selection have common homologies and initial characterization has shown that these peptides may be the first viable non-phosphoserine containing inhibitors of BRCA1. Citation Format: E. Railey White, Zhong Ma, David E. Hacker, Jason M. Beckta, Melissa B. Huie, David C. Williams, Kristoffer Valerie, Matthew C. Hartman. Selection of non-phophorylated peptide inhibitors of BRCA1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4539. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4539
Teaching with technology: finding information on the internet.

In this bimonthly series, the author examines how nurse educators can use Internet and Web-based computer technologies such as search, communication, and collaborative writing tools; social networking and social bookmarking sites; virtual worlds; and Web-based teaching and learning programs. This ar
Thin Film Transistors with Layered a-Si:H Structure

Thin film transistors TFTs with the layered a-Si:H structure are presented and discussed. Compared with the conventional single layer a-Si:H TFT, transistor characteristics of this new structure can be superior or inferior, depending on the deposition condition and number of the bulk (non-interface) a-Si:H layers. The mechanism influencing transistor characteristics is discussed. Changes of these TFTs’ characteristics are not significant, e.g., the mobility varies within 20%. More data are being collected to verify the statistical significance of this kind of TFT.
On Seeing and Not Seeing: A Case of Historical Invisibility

It is a truism, yet one easy to forget, that people see most easily things they are prepared to see and overlook those they do not expect to encounter. A sensitive artist will see things at the Louvre invisible to the casual visitor from the tour bus; one mark of a good novelist is the capacity to notice things most people overlook. Charles Darwin, voyaging as naturalist with HMS Beagle, began to see things his companions had not, and his friend Thomas H. Huxley remarked: "To a person uninstructed in natural history, [a] country or seaside stroll is a walk through a gallery filled with wonderful works of art, ninetenths of which will have their faces turned to the wall. " Historians, looking at the past, do not see all that is there. "I sing of arms and the man," said Virgil, summing up not only the theme of the Aeneid but also the idea of history shared by many of his forebears and successors. The Anglo-Saxon chroniclers were attentive to heroes, wars, dynasties, genealogies, eclipses of the sun, and plagues but overlooked virtually everything else that was going on. For a long time the dictum "History is past politics" told historians what to look for-and what to ignore. In American history we are familiar with the phenomenon of the historian who calls attention to something hitherto overlooked and, by so doing, teaches others to have a broader vision of the past. Frederick Jackson Turner electrified a generation when he examined some of the consequences of the frontier experience, processes that had been going on in the Western Hemisphere for four centuries when he delivered his paper in 1893. Before Arthur Schlesinger,
CaMn 1− x B x O 3− δ (B=Al, V, Fe, Co, and Ni) perovskite based oxygen carriers for chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU)

Abstract Operated under a cyclic redox mode in the presence of an oxygen carrier, the chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) process has the potential to effectively combust solid carbonaceous fuels while capturing CO2. The overall process is enabled by an oxygen carrier that is capable of reversibly exchanging its lattice oxygen (O2−) with gaseous oxygen (O2) under varying external oxygen partial pressures ( P O 2 ). As such, further improvements of the CLOU process relies largely on the identification of oxygen carriers with higher activity, better recyclability, and improved resistance toward physical degradation. This article investigates dopant effects on CLOU properties of oxygen carriers with a CaMnO3 parent structure. Various B-site compatible metal cations including Fe, Ni, Co, V, and Al are incorporated into the perovskite. While CaMnO3 suffers from stability issues resulting from irreversible transitions to spinel (CaMn2O4) and Ruddlesden–Popper (Ca2MnO4) structures under typical CLOU redox conditions, a number of B-site doped perovskites exhibited promising phase stability and redox activity. Of the oxygen carriers investigated, Fe-doped CaMnO3 exhibits the most promising CLOU properties while showing high compatibility with the CaMnO3 parent structure. In terms of redox performance, CaMn1−xFexO3−δ exhibit notable redox activity at temperatures as low as 600 °C. No deactivation was observed over 100 redox cycles. The doped perovskite structure was also significantly more stable than undoped CaMnO3, showing no signs of decomposition at 1200 °C. When operated under identical conditions, the Fe-doped oxygen carrier is observed to achieve significantly higher conversion of Pittsburgh #8 coal char compared to undoped CaMnO3 oxygen carrier, when operated at 850 °C.
Passive acoustic location algorithm of multi source by using time delay estimation

Multi source location is estimated by time delay estimation for the multi source.Firstly the principle of the single source location algorithm was introduced and the possibility and the difficulty in using the algorithm to locate the multi sources were analyzed.Secondly the multi source location algorithm of the multi source by using time delay estimation was derived by maximizing objected function constructed from the invariant subspace of matrix formed from the multi time delay of the multi source.Finally the simulation results were given by using the multi source location algorithm.Simulation demonstrates that the algorithm can fuse the redundant data effectively and solve the problem of the single source and multi source location.
Feasibility Study of a Mobile Health Intervention for Older Adults on Oral Anticoagulation Therapy

Background: Oral anticoagulation treatment (OAT) such as warfarin therapy is recommended for older adults with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, or who are at risk for venous thromboembolism. Despite its proven benefits, older adults report both dissatisfaction with OAT and reduced quality of life that can potentially lead to low adherence to OAT and decreased treatment efficacy. Objective: To test the feasibility of Mobile Applications for Seniors to enhance Safe anticoagulation therapy (MASS), a mobile-based health technology intervention designed to promote independence and self-care. Methods: This pilot study used a single-arm experimental pre-post design to test the feasibility of a 3-month intervention using MASS in 18 older adults (male: n = 14; White: n = 9; Hispanic: n = 7; Other: n = 2; M age = 67). MASS was available in English or Spanish. Participants completed surveys about their OAT knowledge, attitudes, quality of life with OAT, and adherence at baseline and at a 3-month follow-up. Satisfaction with the MASS intervention was also assessed at follow-up. Results: Anticoagulation knowledge significantly improved from baseline to follow-up (Mbase = 12.5 ± 5.51, Mfollow-up = 14.78 ± 3.93, p = .007). Other outcomes were not different, pre- and post-tests. Participants reported they were generally satisfied with MASS, its ease of use and its usefulness. Conclusion: The results showed use of MASS improved older adults' knowledge of OAT. Using mHealth apps may enhance self-care among older adults with chronic conditions who are also taking oral anticoagulants.
Examining the Relationship between Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Student Achievement Utilizing the Florida Value- Added Model

AbstractUtilizing a correlational research design, we sought to examine the relationship between the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) of in-service teachers and student achievement measured with each individual teacher's Value-Added Model (VAM) score. The TPACK survey results and a teacher's VAM score were also examined, separately, with respect to teacher attributes. Upon examination of VAM scores and teacher attributes, the subject area, the percentage of economically disadvantaged students at the teacher's school, and the grade level of the teacher were all significantly related to VAM scores. In addition, the TPACK survey results overall and its constructs were examined with teacher attributes. The significant relationships were gender, subject area, the number of certifications, highest degree held by the teacher, years teaching, and teaching in/out of area. The analysis showed no significant relationship between a teacher's VAM score and the TPACK survey overall or its individual ...
Natural Window of Opportunity? Low-Income Parents’ Responses to Their Children’s Impending Kindergarten Entry:

Parental investments in the activities and materials that drive learning are central to young children’s school readiness and life success. Little is known, however, about how parents adjust these ...
Videogame-Related Illness and Injury: A Review of the Literature and Predictions for Pokémon GO!

Abstract Objective: Reports of videogame-related illness and injury soon emerged in the literature with the inception of videogame systems and subsequent development of novel gaming platforms and technologies. In an effort to better detail the impacts of these phenomena and provide recommendations for injury prevention as it relates to Pokemon Go and the larger world of augmented reality games, we conducted an extensive systems-based review of past trends in videogame-related illness and injury from the literature. Materials and Methods: A literature review using PubMed, Medline, and PsycInfo databases with search terms “Pokemon GO,” “videogame injuries,” “augmented reality injuries,” and “Nintendo Injury” was performed. The search was limited to the English language, and the Boolean were used to combine the search terms. Results: The literature search yielded 359 peer-reviewed articles, 44 of which met the study criteria and included in the review. Seventeen additional popular press reports detailing inj...
Constructing a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center of Excellence

Over the past two decades, a network of regional hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) centers has been established. The primary goal of these centers is to provide state-of-the-art longitudinal care and consistent outcomes for patients with HCM. The comprehensive care at an HCM center is a result of collaboration amongst a multidisciplinary team that includes specialists in adult and pediatric cardiology, electrophysiology, interventional cardiology, cardiac surgery and genetic counseling, all with particular expertise in treating the patient with HCM. Additional benefits of having a network of regional HCM centers is that it encourages consistency of treatment algorithms and outcomes, as well as collaborative research between institutions.
Impact of potassium iodide on thyroidectomy for Graves' disease: Implications for safety and operative difficulty.

Background Potassium iodide often is prescribed prior to thyroidectomy for Graves' disease, but the effect of potassium iodide on the ease and safety of thyroidectomy for Graves' is largely unknown. Methods We conducted a prospective, cohort study of patients with Graves' disease undergoing thyroidectomy. For the first 8 months, no patients received potassium iodide; for the next 8 months, potassium iodide was added to the preoperative protocol for all patients. Outcomes included operative difficulty (based on the Thyroidectomy Difficulty Scale) and complications. Results We included a total of 31 patients in the no potassium iodide group and 28 in the potassium iodide group. According to the Thyroidectomy Difficulty Scale, gland vascularity decreased in the potassium iodide group (mean score 2.6 vs 3.3, P = .04), but there were no differences in friability, fibrosis, or size of the thyroid or in overall difficulty of operation (P = not significant for all). Despite similar operative difficulty, patients prescribed potassium iodide were less likely to experience transient hypoparathyroidism (7% vs 26%, P = .018) and transient hoarseness (0% vs 16%, P = .009) compared with the no potassium iodide group. Conclusion Potassium iodide administration decreases gland vascularity, but does not change the overall difficulty of thyroidectomy. Preoperative use of potassium iodide solution was, however, associated with less transient hypoparathyroidism and transient hoarseness, suggesting that potassium iodide improves the safety of thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.
From lurkers to listeners: introducing the concept of online listening into political communication studies

This essay argues that the practice of reading others’ discussions, comments, posts or tweets - which I call online listening - is meaningful for the listener as a standalone activity, and as part of the interaction between speakers and listeners. Thus, Internet and social media’s democratic value is not limited to the opportunity for self and collective expression, but also derives from the possibilities they provide for online listening, both for our communication with political elites, and in our mutual interactions as members of society. Political communication would benefit from doing research using this concept to have a better discernment of how digital communication processes have altered how humans acquire information, consolidate their opinions, can be exposed to other perspectives, and can enhance their tolerance toward others.
The Value of Electronic Health Records

This chapter has reviewed the basic functionality of EHRs in healthcare delivery. The core features provide value in a variety of ways. They may impact the quality of patient care services rendered and the incidence of an adverse events relating to patient safety. These clinical effects are complemented by evidence suggesting EHRs provide value in both the financial and organizational dimension. Financial value of EHRs is largely determined by improvement in utilization of medications and of expensive diagnostic and therapeutic tests and procedures. Other dimensions of financial value include improved financial management of healthcare claims related to better charge capture, and decision support for administrative issues in the HER, such as appropriate coding. Lastly, electronic health records are the foundation for a national healthcare information infrastructure which will undoubtedly have beneficial clinical and financial effects.
HYPOTHALAMO-HYPOPHYSEAL SENSITIVITY TO CENTRAL INJECTIONS OF PROGESTERONE AND LH-RH IN THE LAYING AND MOLTING HEN*

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the hypothalamo-hypophyseal sensitivity to central injections of progesterone (P) and LH-RH in the laying and molting hen. Injection of LH-RH at a time 15 to 10 hours prior to the C1 ovulation induces secretion of LH, testosterone and estradiol, and premature ovulation. In addition, injection of 500 μg progesterone 14 to 12 hours prior to ovulation induces a preovulatory surge of LH, those results in the endogenous secretion of P, and induces premature ovulation within 8.5 hours of the time of injection. Centrally-injected LH-RH was effective in inducing premature ovulation, and LH, P, and T profiles were similar to those in hens induced to prematurely ovulate with 20 μg P. It is speculated that although the preovulatory surge of P may play a role in the initiation and/or stimulation of an LH surge, the ultimate ovulation-inducing stimulus is some threshold level of plasma LH which was not realized in the hen. It is concluded that in the molting hen, pituitary sensitivity to LH-RH is maintained, as evidenced by the ability of LH-RH to induce an LH surge comparable in magnitude, but not duration, to that in laying hens, whereas hypothalamic and/or pituitary sensitivity to P is decreased or absent.
A Summary of the Syntactic and Semantic Characteristics of Aspectualizers

The aspectual verbs described in the preceding chapters have been shown to share numerous syntactic and semantic characteristics. The last four chapters have concentrated on delimiting the DIFFERENCES among these twelve verbs although it was determined in the chapters before these that the verbs in question were similar enough in character to allow and even call for an analysis based on a constant underlying theme — this the temporal analysis of events presented in Chapter II. In this final chapter, the various facts presented in the four preceding chapters will be summarized and the verbs will be grouped according to syntactic SIMILARITIES in addition to the aspectual or semantic similarities used to group them earlier. Several charts will be presented which portray a limited number of important co-occurrence possibilities present for the various verbs.
Applications of Ecoregional Patterns

This method of understanding processes and resultant patterns provides important design inspiration for sampling networks and managed landscapes that are sustainable, as well as their relevance to ecosystem management and research. These applications are reviewed here; see the author’s Ecoregion-Based Design for Sustainability (Bailey 2002) and Research Applications of Ecosystem Patterns (Bailey 2009a) for details, as well as Dranstad et al. (1996), Knight and Reiners (2000), Thayer (2003), van der Ryn and Cowan (1996), and Woodward (2000). A new geography text of the United States and Canada by Chris Mayda (2012) explores sustainability within the framework of ecological regions