cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality associated with concomitant use of clopidogrel and proton pump inhibitors in elderly patients.

AbstractObjective:To examine the effect of concomitant use of clopidogrel and PPIs in a national sample of elderly Medicare beneficiaries (age ≥65 years).Methods:A nested case–control design was employed. A cohort of Medicare beneficiaries who initiated clopidogrel and did not have any gap of ≥30 days between clopidogrel fills between July 1, 2006 and December 31, 2008 was identified from a 5% national sample of Medicare claims data. Within this cohort, cases (beneficiaries who experienced any major cardiovascular event [MCE] [acute myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary artery bypass graft, or percutaneous coronary intervention] or all-cause mortality) and controls (beneficiaries who did not experience any MCE or all-cause mortality) were identified from inpatient and outpatient claims. Cases and controls were matched on age and the time to first clopidogrel fill. Conditional logistic regression was performed on the matched sample to evaluate the association between concomitant use of clopidogrel and PP...
Tales of the cities: local-level approaches to migrant integration in Europe, the USA and Canada

This is a state-of-the-art report on local-level migrant integration in Europe and North America.
Speaking of God: Theology, Language, and Truth

(2010). Speaking of God: Theology, Language, and Truth. Ars Disputandi: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 173-175.
K * + → K + π π Decay in Broken SU ( 3 )

An effective Lagrangian for pseudoscalar, vector, and axial-vector mesons is used to calculate the ${K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ decay rate. It is shown that the octet broken-$\mathrm{SU}(3)$ $\mathrm{PVV}$ interaction generally increases the calculated ${K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}K\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ rate over that of the symmetric limit. Experimental determination of the exact rate would allow fixing of parameters in this broken $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ scheme, which as yet have been determined by measured decay rates only to be within a range.
Two Primitive Rails from the Eocene of Colorado and Wyoming

In the fossil collections of the National Museum there is the lower end of a tibio-tarsus of a bird, collected several years ago by Mr. W. H. Bradley during work for the United States Geological Survey, that the writer recently has studied critically with the result that the bone proves to come from an extinct rail. A further fossil specimen of this family has been presented by Dr. E. L. Troxell of Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, from recent collections in Wyoming. Descriptions of these two follow.
Causal evidence for a mechanism of semantic integration in the angular gyrus as revealed by high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation

A defining aspect of human cognition is the ability to integrate conceptual information into complex semantic combinations. For example, we can comprehend “plaid” and “jacket” as individual concepts, but we can also effortlessly combine these concepts to form the semantic representation of “plaid jacket.” Many neuroanatomic models of semantic memory propose that heteromodal cortical hubs integrate distributed semantic features into coherent representations. However, little work has specifically examined these proposed integrative mechanisms and the causal role of these regions in semantic integration. Here, we test the hypothesis that the angular gyrus (AG) is critical for integrating semantic information by applying high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to an fMRI-guided region-of-interest in the left AG. We found that anodal stimulation to the left AG modulated semantic integration but had no effect on a letter-string control task. Specifically, anodal stimulation to the left AG resulted in faster comprehension of semantically meaningful combinations like “tiny radish” relative to non-meaningful combinations, such as “fast blueberry,” when compared to the effects observed during sham stimulation and stimulation to a right-hemisphere control brain region. Moreover, the size of the effect from brain stimulation correlated with the degree of semantic coherence between the word pairs. These findings demonstrate that the left AG plays a causal role in the integration of lexical-semantic information, and that high-definition tDCS to an associative cortical hub can selectively modulate integrative processes in semantic memory. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A major goal of neuroscience is to understand the neural basis of behaviors that are fundamental to human intelligence. One essential behavior is the ability to integrate conceptual knowledge from semantic memory, allowing us to construct an almost unlimited number of complex concepts from a limited set of basic constituents (e.g., “leaf” and “wet” can be combined into the more complex representation “wet leaf”). Here, we present a novel approach to studying integrative processes in semantic memory by applying focal brain stimulation to a heteromodal cortical hub implicated in semantic processing. Our findings demonstrate a causal role of the left angular gyrus in lexical-semantic integration and provide motivation for novel therapeutic applications in patients with lexical-semantic deficits.
What Kind of Thing Is Land? Hannah Arendt’s Object Relations, or: The Jewish Unconscious of Arendt’s Most “Greek” Text

Informed by D. W. Winnicott’s object relations theory, and focused on the role of Things in constituting the world that is the object of Arendtian care, this essay examines Hannah Arendt’s treatmen...
Health Monitoring of Rural Centralized Water Supply Projects in Yibin,2009-2010

Objective To study the safety of drinking water by the health monitoring on rural centralized water supply projects and the survey of water-borne infectious diseases.Methods The tap water quality test results of rural centralized water supply projects in Yibin during 2009-2010 were analyzed,with the tests were conducted according to GB/T5750-2006,evaluation according to GB5749-2006,those values meet the standard were considered to be qualified.Results Totally 812 water samples were detected,with the passing rate was 25.5%.In 2009,the passing rate was 17.3%,while in 2010 was 33.0%,with the difference was statistically significant(χ2=26.463,P0.01).The unqualified items were total bacteria,coliform,turbidity,visible objects.The passing rate in dry season was 30.8%,while in wet season was 20.2%,with the difference was statistically significant(2 = 11.989,P0.01).The water-borne infectious diseases accounted for 24.8% of all infectious diseases around the city in 2009,and accounted for 21.9% in 2010.Conclusion The water qualified rate of rural centralized water supply in Yibin is low,and the bacteriological index showed serious pollution,which closely link with water-borne infectious diseases.
Location Privacy via Private Proximity Testing.

We study privacy-preserving tests for proximity: Alice can test if she is close to Bob without either party revealing any other information about their location. We describe several secure protocols that support private proximity testing at various levels of granularity. We study the use of “location tags” generated from the physical environment in order to strengthen the security of proximity testing. We implemented our system on the Android platform and report on its effectiveness. Our system uses a social network (Facebook) to manage user public keys.
Søren Kierkegaard’s Despair and Maya Angelou’s Blues: Pedagogy of Suffering

IntroductIon Reflecting on our distracted culture, comedian Louis C.K. explains why he does not want his kids to have a cell phone.1 These devices, he argues, divert us from the task of becoming a real person. Echoing Blaise Pascal, C.K. says that being a real person requires the capacity to sit still. Instead, we tend to fidget, check email, text, game, surf, and so on, drawn into the “Total Noise” that is the sound of U.S. culture.2 The underlying reason, C.K. observes, is that thing: “because you know, underneath everything in your life there is that thing ... that empty, forever empty ... just that knowledge that it is all for nothing and you are all alone.... It’s down there.”
Formation and stability of crystalline and amorphous Al2O3 layers deposited on Ga2O3 nanowires by atomic layer epitaxy

Although the crystalline α and γ phases are the most stable forms of alumina, small-diameter ( 20 nm) NWs are found to be amorphous. Indeed, until recently, all Al2O3, films deposited by low-temperature ALD using trimethylaluminum and water have been reported to be amorphous, regardless of film thickness or substrate. The formation of a crystalline ALD film can be understood in terms of the energetics of misfit dislocations that maintain the registry between the ALD film and the NW substrate, as well as the influence of strain and surf...
Later start time for teens improves grades, mood, and safety

A recent study by the University of Minnesota looked at eight high schools across the U.S. that chose later start times, from 8:00 a.m. to 8:55 a.m. The study found significant decreases in absences and tardiness as well as greater academic benefits for schools with the latest start times. Among the 9,395 students in the study, those who slept eight or more hours each night were less likely to report symptoms of depression and fall asleep in class. Moreover, after the change to a later start time, the number of car crashes in the districts studied decreased by 13%. Included are recommendations for schools and districts considering changing their high school start times.
Practice-Oriented Provable Security and the Social Construction of Cryptography

Cryptographers used to associate provable security with public-key cryptography, asymptotic analyses, and inefficient proof-of-concept designs. These associations are outdated, invalidated by the emergence of practice-oriented provable security. Its rise supports as the backdrop for a constructionist view of cryptography. This view entails that claim that cryptographic work isn't a consequence of what cryptographers aim to study so much as a reflection of a community's sensibilities.
Phenotypic analysis of intermated B73 x Mo17 (IBM) populations

14 Introduction 15 Materials and methods 18 Germplasm 18 Experimental design 18 Traits 19 Statistical procedures 20 Results 21 Genetic variance 21 Means 21 Correlation among traits 22 Tillers and cob color 22
Association between gene expression, clinical factors and survival in patients with breast cancer

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and second cause of cancer deaths among women. A number of genes are found to be signicantly responsible for developing breast cancer. When healthy, these genes act as tumor suppressors by producing a protein that prevents cells from growing uncontrollably. But with mutations and other disorders in these genes, cells grow quickly and tumors form. In previous research it has been shown that higher risk of developing breast cancer is associated with having a number of gene mutation, but there are insucient discussions on the combined eect of both clinical factors and genetic information. Data for this study is taken from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project on breast cancer cases. Overall survival time after diagnosis of breast cancer is considered as the outcome variable. A Cox Proportional Hazard regression model is applied for the survival analysis with both clinical factors and genetic information. Statistically signicant clinical factors and genes affecting patients survival are presented. Patients with the clinical variables of increasing age, premenopausal status, prior history of cancer and neoplasm status with tumor, Black or African American race and stage IIIA have signicantly more risk of failure (death) from breast cancer. In addition, we found signicant dierence in survival time between altered and non-altered cases of BRCA2, FOXA1, MLH1, RAD50 and RAD51C genes from both independent and combined analysis.
The Theological Virtue of Hope as a Social Virtue

Analyses of the theological virtue of hope tend to focus on its interior dispositional structure, shifting attention away from the social dimensions crucial to its formation and exercise. We argue that one can better appreciate the place of hope in Christian thought by attending to communal features that have been peripheral to or excluded from traditional analyses. To this end, we employ resources from the literature on the extended mind and group agency to develop an account of the theological virtue of hope as a socially extended virtue—that is, a virtue scaffolded by and enacted within a community whose practices are ordered toward a shared conception of human flourishing.
Using Cash Flow Dynamics to Price Thinly Traded Assets

We investigate the importance of cash flows as opposed to discount rates to the pricing of assets that, unlike common stock, are thinly traded but have reliable cash flow information. We rely on the dynamic Gordon model, which we adapt to deal with the thin trading environment, by developing a self-propagating rolling VAR. Using data from the CMBS market, we find that cash flows are informative in valuing these thinly traded assets. Predicted yields resemble transaction yields and outperform yields based on matrix prices, especially when cash flows are more volatile, and therefore more informative.
Variability in Interpretation of Cardiac Standstill Among Physician Sonographers

Study objective Cardiac standstill on point-of-care ultrasonography has been widely studied as a marker of prognosis in cardiac arrest. Return of spontaneous circulation has been reported in as few as 0% and as many as 45% of patients with cardiac standstill. When explicitly documented, the definition of cardiac activity in these studies varied from any slight change in echogenicity of the myocardium to any kinetic cardiac activity. We hypothesize that the variability in research definitions of cardiac activity may affect interpretation of video clips of patients in cardiac arrest. The goal of this study is to assess the variability in interpretation of standstill among physician sonographers. Methods We surveyed physician sonographers at 6 conferences held at 3 academic medical centers in the Greater New York area. Survey respondents were allotted 20 seconds per slide to determine whether each of 15 video clips of patients in cardiac arrest were standstill or not. Data were collected anonymously with radio frequency remotes. Results There were 127 total participants, including faculty, fellows, and resident physicians specializing in emergency medicine, critical care, and cardiology. There was only moderate interrater agreement among all participants (α=0.47). This lack of agreement persisted across specialties, self-reported training levels, and self-reported ultrasonographic expertise. Conclusion According to the results of our study, there appears to be considerable variability in interpretation of cardiac standstill among physician sonographers. Consensus definitions of cardiac activity and standstill would improve the quality of cardiac arrest ultrasonographic research and standardize the use of this technology at the bedside.
Wearable technology for personalized construction safety monitoring and trending: Review of applicable devices

Abstract The construction process is considered a very risky endeavor because of the high frequency of work-related injuries and fatalities. The collection and analysis of safety data is an important element in measurement and improvement strategy development. The adoption of wearable technology has the potential for a result-oriented data collection and analysis approach to providing real-time information to construction personnel. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the applications of wearable technology for personalized construction safety monitoring. The characteristics of wearable devices and safety metrics thought to be capable of predicting safety performance and management practices are identified and analyzed. The review indicates that the existing wearable technologies applied in other industrial sectors can be used to monitor and measure a wide variety of safety performance metrics within the construction industry. Benefits of individual wearable sensors or systems can be integrated based on their attributes for multi-parameter monitoring of safety performance.
Early Stage olfactory neuroblastoma and the impact of resecting dura and olfactory bulb

Objective Compare outcomes of patients with olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) without skull base involvement treated with and without resection of the dura and olfactory bulb. Methods Retrospective review of ONB patients treated from 1992 to 2013 at the MD Anderson Cancer Center (The University of Texas, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.). Primary outcomes were overall and disease-free survival. Results Thirty-five patients were identified. Most patients had Kadish A/B. tumors (97%), Hyams grade 2 (70%), with unilateral involvement (91%), and arising from the nasal cavity (68%). Tumor involved the mucosa abutting the skull base in 42% of patients. Twenty-five patients (71%) received surgery and radiation, whereas the remainder had surgery alone. Five patients (14%) had bony skull base resection, and eight patients (23%) had resection of bony skull base, dura, and olfactory bulb. Surgical margins were grossly positive in one patient (3%) and microscopically positive in four patients (12%). The 5- and 10-year overall survival were 93% and 81%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) were 89% and 78%, respectively. Bony cribriform plate resection was associated with better DFS (P = 0.05), but dura and olfactory bulb resection was not (P = 0.11). There was a trend toward improved DFS in patients with negative resection margins (P = 0.19). Surgical modality (open vs. endoscopic) and postoperative radiotherapy did not impact DFS. Conclusion Most Kadish A/B ONB tumors have low Hyams grade, unilateral involvement, and favorable survival outcomes. Resection of the dura and olfactory bulb is not oncologically advantageous in patients without skull base involvement who are surgically treated with negative resection margins and cribriform resection. Level of evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 128:1274-1280, 2018.
Using a Modified Version of Pictionary to Help Students Review Course Material.

Many college professors spend the last week or day of classes reviewing course material to help students prepare for the final exam. A productive review session should be engaging and student-centered. Games are fun exercises that work well for reviewing material. Here I describe a modified version of the board game Pictionary to be used as a review exercise. The game serves as a helpful final review exercise in several ways. First of all, it helps students review important concepts in a random order (not in the order taught in class) and ensures a variety of topics will be covered. Second, the modifications encourage students to think deeply about a term/concept, provide examples and make connections with other terms/concepts. Finally, it encourages creativity, teamwork, and active participation by all students. I use this modified Pictionary game as a final exam review in both an introductory biology class for majors and an upper-division microbiology class. It works well for small class sizes (ranging in size from ~10-25 students).
What Do Students Know About American Government, Before Taking College Courses in Political Science?: A Report to the Section on Instruction in Political Science

One day in March, 1903, a junior in the College of Engineering came to me to make up an entrance condition which, on account of an oversight, still stood against him on the books of the University. Under the rules regulating entrance, he was permitted to offer, among other things, a semester's work in American Government. This he chose to do. A few inquiries directed to the young man brought out the fact that he had once had a short high school course in what we still designate by that inane term “Civics,” the worst faded out word in our educational terminology. Aside from this brief course of instruction, his information regarding American Government had been gleaned from reading one or two of the most elementary text-books on the subject, from the dailies, from an occasional article in some magazine, from common conversation and from participation in two elections. This being the situation the following five simple questions were jotted down and submitted to him as a test: I. Explain how members of Congress are chosen and state what you know about their terms, qualifications and compensation. II. Write a brief account of the federal courts. What does the Constitution provide in regard to the establishment of a system of United States courts? III. Describe clearly the process by which the Constitution of the United States may be amended. How may it be interpreted? IV. Outline the government of a county in your state. V. What is meant by the New England plan of township government?
Robot Operating System 2: The need for a holistic security approach to robotic architectures

It is no secret that robotic systems are expanding into many human roles or are augmenting human roles. The Robot Operating System is an open-source standard for the robotic industry that enables l...
Medical Center Politics and Decisions: A Discussion

Presented as part of a symposium at the 1996 American Psychological Association Convention in Toronto, Canada, this paper reflects an historical overview of the political issues faced by psychologists in academic medical centers. Ivan Mensh, Ph.D., senior psychologist and founding member of the Association of Medical School Psychologists, suggests that those psychologists involved in medical education should learn who the decision makers are and how decisions are made at academic medical centers in order better to assure the continued viability of psychology in those settings.
Nonmarine Geologic Evidence

The range of nonmarine geologic studies providing information pertinent to paleoclimatology is vast; indeed, one could argue that virtually all continental sedimentary deposits convey a paleoclimatic signal to some degree. Eolian, glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial deposits are, in large part, a function of climate, though it is often difficult to identify the particular combination of climatic conditions leading to the formation of the deposit. Similarly, erosional features such as lacustrine or marine shorelines, cirques, or other features of glacially eroded landscapes indicate in a general sense a particular type of climate, but quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions based on this kind of information present real challenges. Commonly, climatic inferences drawn from such evidence are qualitative and even dating the features may be very difficult. Nevertheless, such evidence of past changes in climate is ubiquitous, and many innovative approaches to interpreting their paleoclimatic significance have been developed.
Role of Nucleoside Transport in Myocardial Injury and Protection: Separation Between Ischemic and Reperfusion Injury Using a Selective Nucleoside Transport Blocker, p-Nitrobenzylthioinosine, NBMPR

Although ATP is a prerequisite energy source for ventricular function and cardiac metabolism, it is also a major source of inosine. Inosine is a precursor of free radical substrates utilized by endothelial xanthine oxidase (1,2). More than 90% of the ATP degraded during normothermic ischemia is retained inside the cardiomyocyte as inosine. During reperfusion and in the presence of molecular oxygen, inosine is released via a nucleoside transporter and rapidly converted to hypoxanthine and xanthine leading to generation of superoxide radicals (1–4) (Fig 1). Purines, oxypurines, free radical products and by-products are detected in the coronary sinus effluent collected during the first minute of reperfusion (5,6). Free radicals have been implicated in endothelial cell membrane injury and subsequent calcium entry, edema, neutrophil activation and infiltration and myocardial necrosis. Release of ATP catabolites is considered a sensitive index of ischemia (7,8). Since metabolic flux of purines during reperfusion is detrimental to coronary vasculature, we hypothesized that selective blockade of purine release by inhibiting nucleoside transport, before or after ischemia, would attenuate reperfusion-mediated ventricular and vascular stunning. Therefore, we investigated the role of myocardial ATP depletion and subsequent release of its catabolites via the nucleoside transport in the recovery of contractile function and attenuation of ventricular arrthythmias during reperfusion.
Life After Janus

The axe has finally fallen. In Janus v. AFSCME, Council 31, the Supreme Court struck down the major source of financial security enjoyed by public sector unions representing nearly half of the nation’s fifteen million union members. Countless press stories, law review articles, and amicus briefs have criticized and defended this outcome. This Article has a different aim. Rather than re-litigating Janus, the question I ask is instead forward-looking: What’s next? Is there life for public sector unions after Janus? And if so, what might it look like? In engaging these questions, this Article has three goals. First, I want to push back on the narrative that public unions have no choice now but to struggle on within a national right-to-work environment. That is certainly one possibility, but pro-labor states have available a range of legislative responses that may soften Janus’s blow or even negate it altogether. One response is for pro-labor states to authorize public employers to reimburse unions for their bargaining-related costs directly. The standard objection is that direct government funding will undercut unions’ ability to advocate independently for workers. My second goal is to confront this objection head-on, with an argument that draws on an unlikely source: an analogy between public unions and public defenders. As it turns out, America’s woeful experience with indigent criminal defense teaches some powerful lessons about how not to fund entities whose entire purpose is to contest the government’s narrow self-interest. But it also suggests funding approaches that would raise no independence concerns at all. That leads to my final and most significant objective: to propose model legislation for state lawmakers to implement direct reimbursement of unions. The proposal is revenue neutral for public employers and unions, and it is revenue enhancing for workers in light of nuances in the federal income tax. Readers interested in the nuts and bolts of the proposed legislation may wish to skip the first three parts of this Article (which make the case for why reimbursement is desirable) and start at Part IV on page 43. For convenience, a model bill is included in the appendix.
Moving Beyond Autonomy to the Person with Illness

Autonomy has a richly-deserved place of honor in bioethics. It has led the set of principles that form the basis of discipline since the beginning. It is the leading principle in what has now come to be called “the Georgetown Mantra,” a phrase suggested by one of the first philosophers ever to be hired in a medical school, K. Danner Clouser (1990). The phrase applies to the principled approach of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. This kind of bioethics was developed by scholars like Beauchamp and Childress, Veatch, and Engelhardt, during their association with Georgetown University.
An Empirical Picture for the Evolution of Galaxies Outside of Clusters

The main goal of this work is to study the properties of isolated elliptical galaxies with the hope of learning about their formation and evolution. A sample that contains ~ 25% of the galaxies classified as ellipticals in the Karachentseva Catalog of Isolated Galaxies is investigated. Approximately one half of these galaxies appear to be misclassified, a result which may imply a reduction of the percentage of ellipticals in the Karachentseva catalog to (6 ± 2)% of the total population of isolated galaxies. A significant number of merger candidates has also been found among the isolated galaxies. It is argued that the fraction of merger candidates to isolated ellipticals can be used to constrain models for the evolution of compact groups into isolated galaxies.
Epitope-specific affinity maturation improved stability of potent protease inhibitory antibodies.

Targeting effectual epitopes is essential for therapeutic antibodies to accomplish their desired biological functions. This study developed a competitive dual color fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to maturate a matrix metalloprotease 14 (MMP-14) inhibitory antibody. Epitope-specific screening was achieved by selection on MMP-14 during competition with N-terminal domain of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) (nTIMP-2), a native inhibitor of MMP-14 binding strongly to its catalytic cleft. 3A2 variants with high potency, selectivity, and improved affinity and proteolytic stability were isolated from a random mutagenesis library. Binding kinetics indicated that the affinity improvements were mainly from slower dissociation rates. In vitro degradation tests suggested the isolated variants had half lives 6-11-fold longer than the wt. Inhibition kinetics suggested they were competitive inhibitors which showed excellent selectivity toward MMP-14 over highly homologous MMP-9. Alanine scanning revealed that they bound to the vicinity of MMP-14 catalytic cleft especially residues F204 and F260, suggesting that the desired epitope was maintained during maturation. When converted to immunoglobulin G, B3 showed 5.0 nM binding affinity and 6.5 nM inhibition potency with in vivo half-life of 4.6 days in mice. In addition to protease inhibitory antibodies, the competitive FACS described here can be applied for discovery and engineering biosimilars, and in general for other circumstances where epitope-specific modulation is needed.
Discount-Based Pricing and Capacity Planning for EV Charging Under Stochastic Demand

The increasing market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) poses new business avenues for existing facilities such as parking lots, gas stations, and other EV charging aggregators. There remain several open problems for these players in the EV power supply chain, such as pricing, scheduling the charging, and capacity planning, with limited theoretical understanding about their optimality. In this paper we consider an EV charging aggregator that provides energy to randomly arriving users with a user specified charging deadline, and we assume the aggregator has a total power budget which must be satisfied with high probability at each time instant. We look at a class of parameterized static pricing functions that incentivize EV users to provide the aggregators with longer deadlines, to avoid having to charge each EV at the peak kW rate. Under this pricing, we derive non-asymptotic concentration bounds on the required power capacity under stochastic arrival of users using a queuing theoretic approach.
Transitions and oscillations in a thermohaline deep ocean circulation model

Theoretical ocean convection is a numerically calculated model of the ocean with salt water in a two-dimensional container. The boundary conditions along the top are linearly changing temperature T...
Evaluation and Management of the Patient with Obesity or Overweight

The accumulation of excess fat (adiposity) leads to significant physical, metabolic, hormonal, and psychological changes, which, when combined, define a chronic disease. Thus, treatment must be designed to increase the amount of metabolically functional adipose tissue and combat adiposopathy, instead of merely addressing the complications of this disease. To better address this issue, one should view overweight, obesity, and adiposopathy as a spectrum of what can be a preventable and treatable biological disease. Following this approach, a clinic should adopt a model of treatment similar to those of other long-term endocrine diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. As public and professional attitudes toward obesity begin to reflect the research that documents it is a chronic illness, there exists an opportunity to develop clinics specifically focused on the treatment of patients with obesity or overweight. The unique needs of patients with obesity or overweight, along with the growing obesity rates in America, are a further impetus for the establishment of endocrine practices focused on their long-term treatment. In doing so, not only will a dedicated bariatric endocrine clinic be more effective in the treatment of patients with obesity but also work toward correcting the social stigmatization of obesity which has contributed to the inadequacies of treatment.
Performance of Solar Resource Monitoring Stations in Hot Climate Regions

This paper presents a study aimed at evaluating and comparing the performance of five selected solar resource monitoring stations in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Also, present an overview of the current electricity demand since KSA's power sector relies heavily on liquid fuels. The data used in this study have been collected from the new solar atlas which was launched by KACARE for collecting the solar data along with other parameters through the installed stations across the country. The results showed the potential of solar irradiance during the year for different places which would contribute to the implementation of plans for renewable energy (RE) projects. The Selected City in the Northern region of KSA has the highest amount of solar irradiation with an approximate annual of 82450.5 Wh/m2/year, followed by the southern city with 73199.1 Wh/m2/year. Also, GHI and DNI data were compared to the earlier solar atlas data which was published by NREL in 2002 and they were in close agreement with less than 10% difference.
Increased ER Stress After Experimental Ischemic Optic Neuropathy and Improved RGC and Oligodendrocyte Survival After Treatment With Chemical Chaperon.

Purpose Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one of the earliest subcellular changes in neuro-ophthalmic diseases. In this study, we investigated the expression of key molecules in the ER stress pathways following nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), the most common acute optic neuropathy in adults over 50, and assessed the impact of chemical chaperon 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) in vivo. Methods We induced AION using photochemical thrombosis in adult mice and performed histologic analyses of key molecules in the ER stress pathway in the retina and optic nerve. We also assessed the effects of daily intraperitoneal injections of 4-PBA after AION. Results In the retina at baseline, there was low proapoptotic transcriptional regulator C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and high prosurvival chaperon glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). One day after AION, there was significantly increased CHOP and reduced GRP78 expressions in the ganglion cell layer. In the optic nerve at baseline, there was little CHOP and high GRP78 expression. One day after AION, there was significantly increased CHOP and no change in GRP78 expression. Treatment immediately after AION using daily intraperitoneal injection of chemical chaperone 4-PBA for 19 days significantly rescued Brn3A+ RGCs and Olig2+ optic nerve oligodendrocytes. Conclusions We showed for the first time that acute AION resulted in increased ER stress and differential expression of ER stress markers CHOP and GRP78 in the retina and optic nerve. Rescue of RGCs and oligodendrocytes with 4-PBA provides support for ER stress reduction as possible treatment for AION.
Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Ni3Te2 as a Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor at Extremely Low Working Potential.

Developing Nonenzymatic glucose biosensors has recently been at the center of attention owing to their potential application in implantable and continuous glucose monitoring systems. In this articl...
Web-based Conferencing: What Radiology Educators Need to Know

Advances in technology have resulted in the significant growth of web-based conferencing and teaching. While these remote sessions have many advantages, they may result in challenges and frustration for both host and attendees when there are technological issues, poor or distracting audio, or ineffective presentation styles. Knowing a few basic concepts behind web conferencing and preparing in advance can markedly improve the experience and facilitate effective distance learning and collaboration.
Design of a Rigid Scaffold Structure toward Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics

Summary Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Most reported strategies are from the perspective of the active layers to control the morphology of the donor/acceptor blend, with few methods focusing on modifying the transporting layers. Here, we develop a facile method to enhance both the thermal stability and efficiency of OPVs simultaneously from the perspective of the electron-transporting layer (ETL). Compared with traditional planar ETLs used in OPVs, our mesoporous ETL is designed to serve as a rigid scaffold to inhibit polymer diffusion upon heating. Furthermore, this structure creates more surface-area contact between the active layer and the ETL, potentially enhancing charge-extraction efficiency. As a result, the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) with this structure was enhanced by 11% relative to the planar structure. After being subjected to thermal stability test, the PCE of the mesoporous structure retained 69% of its original value.
Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the most serious pediatric infectious diseases, affecting around 3 million children and adolescents worldwide. Lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART) provides multiple benefits including sustained virologic suppression, restoration and preservation of immune function, decreased morbidity and mortality, and improved quality of life. However, access to ART, particularly among neonates and young infants, continues to be challenging due to limited number of suitable formulations and limited access to pediatric ARV drug. Moreover, children and adolescents living with HIV may experience long-term HIV- and ART-associated comorbidities including cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and metabolic complications. We provide an overview of currently available formulations, dosing, and safety considerations for pediatric antiretroviral drugs by drug classes and according to the three age groups including neonates, children, and adolescents.
An intersectional mixed methods approach to Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander men's health.

We used a convergent parallel design to explore NHPI men’s multi-level perspectives of the factors that influence healthy eating, physical activity, and weight, to elicit recommendations for lifestyle interventions, and to understand the intersection of masculinity and health from a social constructionist perspective. From June to December 2017, NHPI men 18 years and older were recruited to participate in a survey and focus groups. The survey included demographic questions and questions about physical and cultural activities men engage in, perceived social support for lifestyle behaviors, dietary behaviors, masculine characteristics and values important to NHPI men. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess psychological distress. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed for a thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics were computed for survey data. We conducted eight focus groups with 89 NHPI men (50% Samoan, 20% Native Hawaiian, 30% Marshallese). The mean age of participants was 39 years, 43% reported some college or college graduate, 64% were currently married, and 63% were working full time. Ninety percent of men scored 20 or higher on the K10 scale indicating mild to severe psychological distress. Men described food as a major part of their culture and their identity. Men’s roles were defined as provider and protector, with little attention is paid to their own health. Our study found that hegemonic, or traditional masculinity and social norms may encourage some men to put their health at risk but may also be used to motivate healthy behaviors.
Weigh-In-Motion System in Flexible Pavements Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Part A: Concept

Weight data of vehicles play an important role in traffic planning, weight enforcement, and pavement condition assessment. In this paper, a weigh-in-motion (WIM) system that functions at both low-speeds and high-speeds in flexible pavements is developed based on in-pavement, three-dimensional glass-fiber-reinforced, polymer-packaged fiber Bragg grating sensors (3D GFRP-FBG). Vehicles passing over the pavement produce strains that the system monitors by measuring the center wavelength changes of the embedded 3D GFRP-FBG sensors. The FBG sensor can estimate the weight of vehicles because of the direct relationship between the loading on the pavement and the strain inside the pavement. A sensitivity study shows that the developed sensor is very sensitive to sensor installation depth, pavement property, and load location. Testing in the field validated that the longitudinal component of the sensor if not corrected by location has a measurement accuracy of 86.3% and 89.5% at 5 mph and 45 mph vehicle speed, respectively. However, the system also has the capability to estimate the location of the loading position, which can enhance the system accuracy to more than 94.5%.
Calling in the face of danger: Do nestling Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) suppress begging in response to predator playbacks?

Nest predation is the most frequent cause of nest failure in birds such as the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) that nest on or near the substrate. Nestlings should therefore exhibit adaptations to reduce the risk of nest predation. We tested the nestling antipredator hypothesis by examining the begging responses of Red-winged Blackbird nestlings to vocalizations of (1) an important nest predator (American Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos), (2) a predator that rarely preys on nestlings (Cooper's Hawk, Accipiter cooperii), and (3) a nonpredator (Northern Flicker, Colaptes auratus). We performed playbacks with (1) both parents present at the nest, (2) male at the nest, and (3) neither parent present. Following playback, we measured duration of nestling begging after the parent departed (begging persistence), bouts of otherwise normal begging when no parent was present (parent-absent begging), and calling without postural components of begging (nonpostural begging). When the male or both parents were present during playback, adults responded with alarm calls and nestlings significantly reduced parent-absent begging following American Crow and Cooper's Hawk playbacks. Nonpostural begging was significantly reduced following Cooper's Hawk playback, but there were no significant differences in the other begging variables. When neither parent was present, we found no significant differences in nonpostural begging in response to the 3 playback types, but parent-absent begging was significantly reduced following American Crow and Cooper's Hawk playbacks when compared to Northern Flicker playbacks. These results show that nestlings suppress their vocal begging in response to calls of predators including Cooper's Hawks even though they are not common nest predators.
Scaffolds: a graph-based system for computations in Bose-Mesner algebras.

Let $X$ be a finite set and let $\mathsf{Mat}_X(\mathbb{C})$ denote the algebra of matrices with rows and columns indexed by $X$ and entries from the complex numbers acting on $\mathbb{C}^X$ with standard basis $\{ \hat{x} \mid x\in X\}$. For a digraph $G=(V(G),E(G))$, function $R:[m] \rightarrow V(G)$ with $r_j := R(j)$, and a function $w$ from the arcs of $G$ to $\mathsf{Mat}_X(\mathbb{C})$, we define the "scaffold" $\mathsf{S}(G,R;w)$ as the sum over all functions $\varphi$ from $V(G)$ to $X$ of the $m$-fold tensors $\widehat{\varphi(r_1)} \otimes \widehat{\varphi(r_2)} \otimes \cdots \otimes \widehat{\varphi(r_m)}$ scaled by the product of the entries $w(e)_{\varphi(a),\varphi(b)}$ over all arcs $e=(a,b)$ of $G$. Scaffolds can be used to count, among other things, digraph homomorphisms and association scheme parameters such as generalized intersection numbers. They also arise in the the theory of link invariants and spin models. These diagrams were introduced in the late 1980s by Arnold Neumaier and have been used implicitly by various authors working with association schemes. We revisit results of several authors, rephrasing their proofs in terms of these diagrams and certain rules of manipulation (or "moves") on diagrams. Our goal is to collect and present, in a uniform fashion, Neumaier's original idea extended to tensors and its used by various authors. Sometimes the term "star-triangle diagram" appears for what we, in this paper, call "scaffolds". Restricting to the case where edge weights are chosen from a coherent algebra, we explore the vector space $\mathsf{W}((G,R); \mathbb{A})$ spanned by all scaffolds defined on rooted diagram $(G,R)$ and establish a connection to graph minors. We end with a conjecture about planar scaffolds that draws a connection between association scheme duality and the duality of plane graphs.
Expanded Endonasal Approach for Resection of Extradural Infratemporal Fossa Trigeminal Schwannoma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is bounded superiorly by the skull base, specifically the greater wing of the sphenoid, which contains foramen ovale. It is bordered posteriorly by the temporal bone, including the petrous portion of the carotid canal, anteriorly by the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, laterally by the mandible, and medially by the pterygoid body and lateral pterygoid plate.1-3 In this video, we report a case of a rare, exclusively extradural, schwannoma originating from the third division of the trigeminal nerve with a widened foramen ovale at the skull base. The tumor filled the ITF and extended laterally just through the sigmoid notch of the mandible. The patient complained of left cheek and lower jaw numbness and intermittent left jaw spasms. The tumor was deemed appropriate for endoscopic resection. To access the ITF, left-sided endoscopic sinus surgery, a modified endoscopic Denker's approach,4 and posterior nasal septectomy were first performed. A nasoseptal flap was also harvested in case an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak required repair. Dissection was carried out through the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus and pterygopalatine fossa to reach the ITF. Tumor resection was achieved through a 2-surgeon, 4-handed approach in which appropriate traction and countertraction were carefully applied to tease the tumor away from the skull base and dehiscent carotid canal. No CSF leak or carotid injury occurred, and the posterior maxillary sinus wall defect was repaired with the nasoseptal flap. The patient did well postoperatively. The patient consented to the procedure in a standard fashion.