cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seismic quiescence precursory to a past and a future Kurile island earthquake

A systematic search was made for seismicity rate changes in the segment of the Kurile island arc from 45°N to 53°N by studying the cumulative seismicity of shallow (h = 100 km) earthquakes within 11 overlapping volumes of radius 100 km for the time period 1960 through beginning of 1978. We found that in most parts of this island arc and most of the time the seismicity rate as obtained from the NOAA catalogue and not excluding any events is fairly constant except for increased seismicity in the mid 1960s in the southern portion due to the great 1963 mainshock there, and for seismicity quiescence during part of the time period studied within two well defined sections of the arc. The first of these is a volume of 100 km radius around a 1973 (Ms = 7.3) main-shock within which the seismicity rate was demonstrated at the 99% confidence level to have been lower by 50% during 2100 days (5.75 years) before this mainshock. The second volume of seismic quiescence coincides with the 400 km long north Kuriles gap. In this gap the seismicity rate is shown (at the 99% confidence level) to be lower by 50% from 1967 to present (1978), in comparison with the rate within the gap before 1967, as well as with the rate surrounding the gap. We propose that the anomalously low seismicity rate within the Kuriles gap is a precursor to a great earthquake, the occurrence time of which was estimated by the following preliminary relation between precursory quiescence time and source dimension T — 190L 0,545. We predict that an earthquake with source length of 200–400 km (M > 8) will occur along the north Kurile island arc between latitude 45.5°N and 49.2°N at a time between now and 1994.
Strategies to improve rural african american (AA) participation in stroke prevention research

Abstract Background: Rural communities and AAs historically have distrust of both doctors and researchers. These populations have high rates of CVD and are not knowledgeable about stroke prevention strategies. Hypothesis : Rural AAs are likely to attend and benefit from stroke projects using culturally compatible recruitment and research methods. Methods: Focus groups (facilitated discussions) were held to assess knowledge of stroke and education on stroke prevention. Recruitment of rural AA WV participants was evaluated following a number of strategies including mailings, announcements and invitations by community leaders. Results: Participants responded (46%) to personal invitations from community leaders rather than community announcements or mailings. AAs were comfortable with a culturally congruent format (focus groups) as it allowed them to share their knowledge. Higher attendance rates were noted for sessions held in private settings. Twenty-five percent of participants spontaneously asked to participate in future research projects. Conclusion: Use of focus groups as a social and narrative method more culturally compatible with AA communication and interaction patterns should enhance their research participation and satisfaction. A positive research experience as well as education about the need for minority involvement may encourage participation in future studies.
Bed-load transport on transverse slope.I

Bed-load particles tend to move downslope in response to gravity and downstream in response to fluid drag. The effect of gravity becomes particularly important when the downslope gravitational force has a component normal to the streamwise direction. Such phenomena as bank erosion, bed topography in river bends, sediment sorting, and stream braiding are strongly influenced by transverse bed-load transport under the influence of gravity. Here, the problem is analyzed from a consideration of the dynamics of saltating grains. Simultaneous solution of the streamwise and transverse equations of motion for a grain saltating on a transversely tilting bed of moderate slope allows a determination of mean particle trajectory. This mean trajectory, while predominately directed in the streamwise direction, includes a transverse downslope component as well. The results are used to determine a relation for the ratio of transverse to streamwise bed-load transport. This ratio increases with increasing transverse slope and decreases with increasing streamwise shear stress. The relation is compared with observations as well as existing relations obtained from simpler considerations.
Effect of the 30-Hour Work Limit on Resident Experience and Education

Purpose To evaluate the effect of the 30-hour restriction on resident operative participation and assess whether the 30-hour restriction can be extended in certain cases to enhance educational experience and continuity of care without being detrimental to the 80-hour limit. Methods In September 2006, we administered a 10-item Likert scale survey to 41 general surgery residents to assess their experience with the 30-hour work restriction. We also reviewed the operative reports from the busiest general surgery service in April 2003 and April 2005 to assess surgical participation before and after the 30-hour restriction. Results Twenty-three (56%) residents reported missed operations each month because of the 30-hour restriction. Thirty-four (83%) reported occasions where participating in an operation would require only an additional 1-4 hours. Thirty-six (88%) residents reported a better educational experience when operating on patients whom they had evaluated and a preference to operate on patients whom they had evaluated. The operative log review revealed that in April 2003, the resident assigned to the service participated in 47 out of 134 (35%) total operations and 11 out of 30 (37%) operations beginning after noon. In April 2005, the resident assigned to the service participated in 49 out of 109 (45%) total operations and 20 out of 45 (44%) of the operations beginning after noon. Conclusion The difference in the amount of operations involving resident participation before and after the 30-hour restriction, including afternoon cases that would be most affected by the work restriction, was minimal. However, we identified occasions when the 30-hour work restriction could be extended to provide continuity of care and a better educational operative experience while maintaining weekly duty hours within the approved limit. Extensions beyond the 30 hours should be limited to providing unique and comprehensive experiences for residents where the additional time or episodes would not cause resident fatigue.
Approaches for Computer-Integrated Construction

ABSTRACTThe American construction industry has declined in productivity for more than 20 years. Past research has indicated that a weak interface between design and construction is at least partly responsible. Computer-integrated construction (CIC) is an application of concurrent engineering that shows promise in improving data transfer across the interface. This article explains the design-phase data necessary to assess constructability, the problems associated with working constructability information into the design process, the differences between construction and manufacturing that prevent the direct application of successful computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) technologies to the construction domain, recent attempts at breaking down the barriers between design and construction, and suggestions for CIC research directions.
Effect of Lowering Intraocular Pressure on Optical Coherence Tomography Measurement of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness

Purpose To assess, with optical coherence tomography (OCT), any changes in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in glaucoma patients after reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). Design Prospective observational case series. Participants Twenty-one eyes of 21 glaucoma patients who underwent medical or surgical intervention to lower IOP. Methods Patients with elevated IOP underwent fast peripapillary RNFL measurements with the Stratus OCT (model 3000, software version 4.04; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) before and after the IOP was lowered by medical or surgical therapy. Main Outcome Measures Changes in overall and quadrant RNFL thickness with respect to change in IOP. Results The OCT scans were performed before intervention (range, 0–38 days before; mean±standard deviation [SD], 9.8±9.3 days) and after intervention (range, 32–74 days; mean±SD, 46.8±11.2 days) to measure peripapillary RNFL thickness. Mean IOP (mean±SD) decreased from 31.5±8.2 mmHg to 12.8±4.6 mmHg with the intervention ( P P = 0.653). Quadrant analysis did not show a significant change in the RNFL thickness of any of the 4 quadrants (superior, −1.71±14.5 μm, P = 0.593; inferior, 2.38±16.8 μm, P = 0.523; temporal, 2.19±9.50 μm, P = 0.303; and nasal, 1.24±12.5 μm, P = 0.655). No relationship was found between any of the changes in OCT parameters or percent change in OCT parameters and the extent of IOP reduction, or whether IOP was lowered medically or surgically, with or without adjusting for preintervention OCT measurements as an indication of disease severity ( P values ranged from 0.331 to 0.985). Conclusions No significant change in the RNFL thickness was associated with the lowering of IOP by medical or surgical therapy, as measured by OCT.
Advances in Limb Lengthening and Reconstruction: Alessandro Codivilla, MD, 1861–1912

Dr. Alessandro Codivilla is shown. Figure provided by and reprinted with kind permission of Dr. Anna Vigano, Director of the Umberto I Library, and Mrs. Patrizia Tomba.
Oxygen diffusion in large single-celled organisms

The functional relationship between the oxygen uptake rate of a spherical, single cell organism and the external oxygen tension is shown to be related to the dependence of the specific oxygen consumption rate, that is, the consumption rate of an infinitesimal volume element of cellular material, on the external oxygen tension. Analytical solutions of the governing steady state diffusion equation are obtained by dividing the system into three regions, an inner region of the sphere in which oxygen consumption rate depends upon oxygen tension, an outer region of the sphere in which oxygen consumption rate is constant (independent of oxygen tension), a nonconsuming membrane over the sphere that offers only resistance to oxygen diffusion, and an infinite region outside the sphere and membrane supplying oxygen to the system. The solutions show the oxygen tension as a function of position inside the spherical cell for a variety of system parameters.
Pressure and temperature jump relaxation kinetics of the conformational change in Salmonella typhimurium tryptophan synthase L-serine complex: large activation compressibility and heat capacity changes demonstrate the contribution of solvation.

Tryptophan synthase is an α2β2 multienzyme complex that exhibits coupling of the α- and β-subunit reactions by tightly controlled allosteric interactions. A wide range of parameters can affect the allosteric interactions, including monovalent cations, pH, α-site and β-site ligands, temperature, and pressure. Rapid changes in hydrostatic pressure (P-jump) and temperature (T-jump) were used to examine the effects of pressure and temperature on the rates of the interconversion of external aldimine and aminoacrylate intermediates in the Tryptophan synthase-l-Ser complex. The intense fluorescence emission of the Tryptophan synthase l-Ser external aldimine complex at 495 nm, with 420 nm excitation, provides a probe of the conformational state of Trp synthase. P-jump measurements allowed the determination of rate constants for the reactions in the presence of Na+, Na+ with benzimidazole (BZI), and NH4+. The data require a compressibility term, βo‡, to obtain good fits, especially for the NH4+ and BZI/Na+ data. T...
Two-dimensional random walk description of fluid flow in the presence of a wall: The origin of stick versus slip boundary conditions in the continuum limit

It is shown how a fairly simple random walk on a lattice provides insight into the nature of hydrodynamic boundary conditions. In a flow parallel to the boundary, collisions of up and downward moving particles induce lateral bulk diffusion. At the wall the model accounts essentially for 1) specular reflection, 2) diffuse reflection and 3) trapping at the surface. The steady state is solved exactly. In the continuum limit the case of stick versus slip boundary conditions is explained in its relation to the interplay of bulk and boundary processes.
Solid Solutions within Selected SrO-LnO1.5-TiO2 Systems

A region of selected SrO-LnO{sub 1.5}-TiO{sub 2} (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, or Nd) systems was studied experimentally using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). A series of solid solutions with composition Sr{sub 4{minus}x}Ln{sub 2x/3}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12} having tetragonally distorted perovskite structures was found to exist along the tie line connecting SrTiO{sub 3} and Ln{sub 2}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 9}. Reactions of SrLn{sub 2}Ti{sub 4}O{sub 12}, representative compounds of the series, with SrO were also studied. Additionally, the solubility of TiO{sub 2} in Ln{sub 2}O{sub 3} {center_dot} (3TiO{sub 2{minus}m}) (Ln = La, Pr, or Nd) at 1,300 C was investigated using XRD.
Constructing local age norms based on ability for the Bender-Gestalt test.

The purpose of this study was to examine developmental patterns in visuomotor functioning across age and ability groups. A second purpose was to develop local norms to allow practicing psychologists to examine relative differences within age and IQ groups in visuomotor performance. Thus, an age-by-mental ability normative data set (N = 4,014) was constructed from archival records from 10 public school systems and analyzed to identify both qualitative and quantitative differences in visuomotor functioning for children between 6 and 18.11 yr. of age across 9 IQ levels ranging from 40 to 129.
The Doctrine of Hell and Moral Philosophy

The doctrine of hell, stated with a little care, entails that some persons never achieve their greatest good, fail to really flourish and never reach the end for which they were created. If that doctrine is true, and it is tragic that persons never achieve their greatest good, then there are tragic states of affairs whose tragedy is never overcome.
A yellow-pages service for a local-area network

We introduce a yellow-pages service that maps service names into server addresses. The service is novel in that it associates a set of attributes with each server. Clients specify the attributes the server should possess when requesting a service and the yellow-pages service determines what servers satisfy the request. In addition to describing the implementation of the yellow-pages service within a local-area network, we show how the service can be integrated with the available internet communication protocols to enable clients from throughout the internet to access local servers.
Blood Transfusion in Children With Cancer.

Blood component therapy in children with cancer continues as a major factor in all treatment programs. Current research in this area promises significant advances in the near future. Better methods of procurement, Storage, matching of donors and recipients, and investigations of granulocyte transfusions will all contribute to better supportive care and treatment of complications in cancer patients.
Identification of minor flavonoid impurities found in commercial rutin

Abstract The following flavonoid impurities have been isolated and identified from N.F. quality commercial rutin: kaempferol, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-rhamnoglucoside, quercetin, and isorhamnetin-3-rhamnoglucoside. Details of the preparation of chromatographically pure rutin and results of the examination of impurities present in N.F. Reference Rutin have also been described.
North Carolina's Community Colleges: The Connection to the Workforce.

For several generations in the lives of North Carolina citizens, providing education, training, and retraining for the workforce has remained the foremost component in the community college mission. Industrial education centers established in the 1950s to assist adults in the transition from jobs in an agricultural economy to those in a manufacturing‐based economy were consolidated and expanded during the next three decades into a statewide system of 58 comprehensive community colleges. With a mission appropriately focused on workforce preparedness and wide popular support for their role in developing this resource, community colleges are poised to help the state retool for global competition, but they need substantial funding to adequately respond to these educational needs. Current statewide initiatives are aimed at providing timely responses to emerging economic trends through collaborative approaches that maximize the system's resources. The future for North Carolina community colleges will involve tr...
Solvation of Poly(Ion Pairs)Derived from Poly(2-Vinylfluorene)

Poly(2-vinylfluorene) was metallated in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DMF) by means of the sodium salt of the dianion dimer of 1,1-diphenylethylene. Initially, the formation of poly(2-vinylfluorenylsodium) is very rapid, but slows down drastically in the later stages of the reaction. Quantitative metallation was accomplished in both solvents. Spectrophotometric evidence in DME as solvent points to a loose fluorenyl ion pair structure at low degrees of metallation, but the structure changes to that of a predominantly tight ion pair when metallation is completed. In THF only tight ion pairs are stable at room temperature, independent of the degree of metallation, but the molar absorptivity of the carbanion has decreased by nearly thirty percent when the polymer is fully metallated.
Subspace iterative methods for eigenvalue problems

Abstract This paper presents novel perturbation bounds for generalized symmetric positive definite eigenvalue problems. The bounds provide the insights for an observed computational phenomenon that is not easily explained by the existing bounds developed previously. Using the new bounds, we provide an analysis of a subspace Newton type procedure for computing a few extreme eigenpairs for generalized symmetric positive definite systems. A preconditioned version of this subspace iterative method is also studied.
Impact of the Boeing 767 Aircraft into the World Trade Center

A numerical simulation of the aircraft impact into the exterior columns of the World Trade Center (WTC) was done using LS-DYNA. For simplification, the fuselage was modeled as a thin-walled cylinder, the wings were modeled as box beams with a fuel pocket, and the engines were represented as rigid cylinders. The exterior columns of the WTC were represented as box beams. Actual masses, material properties and dimensions of the Boeing 767 aircraft and the exterior columns of the WTC were used in this analysis. It was found that about 46% of the initial kinetic energy of the aircraft was used to damage columns. The minimum impact velocity of the aircraft to just penetrate the exterior columns would be 130 m∕s . It was also found that a Boeing 767 traveling at top speed would not penetrate exterior columns of the WTC if the columns were thicker than 20 mm .
Neurological surgery in the nineteenth century: the principles and techniques of Ernst von Bergmann.

ABSTRACTBorn in Latvia in 1836, Ernst von Bergmann received his medical education and first academic position at the University of Dorpat in Russia. In 1866, he served as a military surgeon in the Prusso-Austrian War, followed by duty in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. He was appointed to the facul
Dosimetry of extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields.

Extrapolation of quantitative measurements across biological systems requires knowledge of field-organism interaction mechanisms. In the absence of such knowledge, one can only indicate which parameters would be important under some plausible assumptions that still lack experimental proof. In the first part of the paper it is assumed that biological effects of low intensity, extremely low frequency magnetic fields are caused by the electric fields which they induce. It is shown that detailed knowledge of electrical properties on a microscale is important to predict effects that may be due to local current density, electric field strength, surface charge distribution, and mechanical forces. In the second part of the paper, it is shown that all proposed mechanisms for direct interaction between alternating magnetic fields and cells involve also the magnitude and direction of a simultaneously present static magnetic field. Reviewed are “cyclotron resonance,” quantum mechanical effects on ions weakly bound to proteins, nuclear magnetic resonance, and recent progress in magneto chemistry dealing with effects of magnetic fields of a few hundred microtesla on chemical reactions that involve free radicals. 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inter‐decadal signals during the last millennium (AD 1117–1992) in the Varve record of Santa Barbara Basin, California

Annual varve thickness (AD 1117–1992) from Santa Barbara basin has been decomposed into orthogonal components using singular spectrum analysis (SSA) to identify and retrieve inter-decadal oscillations. After removing all variability with periods greater than 150 years, leading SSA eigenfunctions (EOFs) identify four oscillatory pairs with periods of ∼100, ∼58, ∼25, and ∼12 years respectively. Based on 2500 simulated series and on two-sided confidence intervals, EOFs 1–7 are significant at the 99% level and EOFs 8–9 are significant at the 90% level. Oscillatory signals retrieved from the marine varves show an abrupt change in frequency and amplitude near AD 1600. The largest contribution to this environmental shift is given by the interdecadal components, especially the ∼25 and the ∼12-year oscillation. The near-AD 1600 change may be related to multi-annual events reported in the stratigraphy of the nearby Santa Monica Basin and in dendrochronological records of the American Southwest.
Are Drug Education Programs Effective

The effects of expert speakers in producing change in drug attitudes, opinions and knowledge of high school students were evaluated with a quasi-field experiment. Three different treatment groups (expertise areas) and a control group were employed. The results indicate that such programs have no change effect. Additional analysis explored change by student type, using the latent class analysis suggested by Lazarsfeld. There is evidence that one class type is susceptible to change, but that the change is minimal given this type of program.
Early-life background and the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The relationship of early-life background factors to type 2, or non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was examined with reference to family history of diabetes in two groups of Nisei (U.S. born/raised Japanese American) men from King County, Washington with identical mean (+/- S.E.M.) ages: 78 with NIDDM, 61.6 (+/- 0.7) years of age; and 79 with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 61.6 (+/- 0.6) years of age. The early-life variables were birthplace, parents' education, father's occupation and mother's employment status during subject's childhood, sibship size, son birth order, physical activity and weight assessed for ages 15-20 years, and educational achievement. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test for the effect of each variable on the risk for diabetes in the presence of other variables. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Significantly higher risk for NIDDM was found with urban birthplace (vs. rural, OR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.37-3.19), parents' education above primary level (vs. primary level or less, OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.08-2.50), mother being employed (vs. housewife, OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.43-3.45), subject being less active-lean as a youth (vs. more active-lean, OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.11-2.63), and subject's not attaining a college degree (vs. college degree, OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.41-3.33). In separate analyses of the early-life variables by family history of diabetes, the interplay of environmental influences with familial predisposition to NIDDM is evident. The developmental background of NIDDM is discussed with reference to the concept of phenotype amplification within the context of the effects of westernization.
Infant Physiological and Behavioral Responses to a Jealousy Provoking Condition

Recent research has demonstrated a relationship between infants' tonic electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns and approach-style jealousy responses (Mize & Jones, 2012). Although it has been found that adults exhibit approach-style neural activity during jealousy paradigms (Harmon-Jones, Peterson, and Harris, 2009), parallel research on neural activity during a jealousy paradigm in infants is lacking from the literature base. The purpose of the current research is to examine EEG patterns of 35 infants (Mean age = 8.92 months old) in a social-rival paradigm designed to elicit jealousy responses. Consistent with past research, infants demonstrated more approach-style, jealousy-related behaviors when their mothers attended to a social-rival than to a nonsocial rival. Additionally, infants demonstrated approach-style anterior EEG activity during the social-rival condition, a pattern that is associated with jealousy. The current findings suggest that the physiological underpinnings for the emotions that motivate the protection of important dyadic relationships are in place early in ontogeny. Therefore, jealousy-type behaviors and physiological responses begin to be observable as early as 9-months-old when maternal attention is lost to a social-rival.
Dilatations and inclusions of rough endoplasmic reticulum in cells of mammalian sympathetic ganglia

Conspicuous dilatations and inclusions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum have been observed within the cytoplasm of sheath cells (cells of Schwann) and connective tissue in cat sympathetic ganglia. The sheath cell inclusions have been found regularly in young animals (under 6 weeks of age), and in older specimens following partial preganglionic nerve section. Electron-density of the inclusion material is characteristic for each kind of cell.
The Liberty Women of Boston: Evangelicalism and Antislavery Politics

When the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society collapsed in 1841, evangelical women established the Massachusetts Female Emancipation Society. Although scholars have suggested that their conservatism soon caused MFES women to abandon abolitionism, an examination of non-Garrisonian newspapers reveals not only their undiminished commitment to moral suasion but their enthusiastic embrace of the Liberty Party and political action.
BIODIVERSITY OF PLANKTONIC DINOFLAGELLATE SPECIES IN MANGROVE PONDS, PELICAN CAYS, BELIZE

Information on the population structure of planktonic dinoflagellates is reported in the coral reef-mangrove ecosystem at Pelican Cays, Belize. Six sites examined included: Cat Cay, Douglas Cay, Elbow Cay, Fisherman's Cay, Lagoon Cay and Manatee Cay. A spectacular and rich dinoflagellate taxa including oceanic, coastal and offshore species are illustrated. The presence of oceanic species in the studied cays is an unexpected observation since dinolfagellate assemblages are virtually enclosed within ponds bordered by coral ridges that limits water exchange with the open ocean except during storm events. I am also reporting significant differences in the dinoflagellate associations among the studied cays. Dominant taxa included 16 Proroperidinium species, 11 Gonyaulax species, and ten Ceratium species. Only six planktonic species were harmful. Bloom forming species included Ceratium furca and Gonyaulax polygramma. A much more diverse authotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellate population characterizes the Pelican Cays than previously suspected. Some species are reported the first time: Protoperidinium belizeanum sp. nov., P. pyrum Balech, P. steidingerae Balech, P. depressum (Bailey) Balech, and P. divergens (Ehrenberg) Balech. These results demonstrate that the Belizean coral reef-mangrove ecosystem is a delicate and species-rich environment, and as such, should be protected and preserved.
Subcutaneous Absorption of Monoclonal Antibodies: Role of Dose, Site of Injection, and Injection Volume on Rituximab Pharmacokinetics in Rats

To determine the effect of dose, the anatomical site of injection, and the injection volume on subcutaneous absorption of rituximab in rats and to explore absorption mechanisms using pharmacokinetic modeling. Rituximab serum concentrations were measured following intravenous and subcutaneous administration at the back, abdomen, and foot of rats. Several pharmacokinetic models were developed that included linear and saturable absorption, and degradation and/or protective binding at the injection site. Rituximab exhibited linear kinetics following intravenous administration; however, bioavailability following subcutaneous injection was inversely related to the dose level. For the 1 mg/kg dose, bioavailability was approximately 70% at all tested injection sites, with faster absorption from the foot (Tmax = 12 h for foot vs. 4.6 days for back). Bioavailability for the 10 mg/kg dose was 44 and 31% for the abdomen and back sites and 18% for 40 mg/kg injected at the back. A pharmacokinetic model that included binding as part of the absorption mechanism successfully captured the nonlinearities in rituximab absorption. The anatomical site of subcutaneous injection influences the rate of absorption and bioavailability of rituximab in rats. Saturable binding may be a major determinant of the nonlinear absorptive transport of monoclonal antibodies.
Anogenital findings and hymenal diameter in children referred for sexual abuse examination

Abstract A retrospective chart review was done on all patients referred for sexual abuse examinations between July 1984 and April 1987. There were 140 patients: 116 girls and 24 boys, ages 1–16 years. Ten boys (41%) and 57 girls (49%) had abnormal anogenital findings consistent with molestation. The frequency of anogenital findings increased depending on the extent of manipulation alleged, from 39% for cases of fondling only to 74% with alleged penile vaginal penetration. Anal findings were seen in 57% of children alleging penile rectal penetration. Horizontal hymenal diameter increased according to age (1–5 years, mean = 0.54 cm; 6–9 years, 0.97 cm; 10–12 years, 1.17 cm) and, within each age group, according to degree of manipulation alleged (1.29 cm for penile penetration vs. 0.89 cm for fondling only in 6 to 9-year-olds). Normative data for hymenal diameter in nonabused children is still needed.
Temperature effect on ultra thin SiO/sub 2/ time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown

The unusually high temperature-acceleration factor and the non-Arrhenius behavior of ultra thin oxide can be explained by kinetic analysis using the physics-based kinetic model of oxide defect generation during electrical stress. The semi-quantitative treatment using known experimental value range is in good agreement with the reported data in the literature, lending strong support for the kinetic model. The estimated activation energy difference between thick and thin oxide relies on the fact that for thick oxide the hole current to electron current ratio is approximately constant. The resulting agreement with reported data lend support to the anode-hole-injection model (under high-field stress) unless the hydrogen release per injected electron happens to be of a similar order of magnitude.
Synthesis and alignment of silver nanorods and nanowires and the formation of Pt, Pd, and core/shell structures by galvanic exchange directly on surfaces.

Here we describe the synthesis of Ag nanorods (NRs) (aspect ratio 300, and the average diameter is approximately 35 nm. Approximately 40% of the 1D structures are NRs, and 60% are NWs as defined by their ARs. We also report the alignment of Ag NRs/NWs directly on surfaces by growing the structures on amine-functional...
Sampling parasitoids in host‐augmented gypsy moth (Lep., Lymantriidae) populations

Comparisons are made between different methods of sampling gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) (Lep., Lymantriidae) to evaluate parasitism. Parasitism rates from collections of specific developmental stages were compared with parasitism of weekly collections from foliage, branch- and bole-bands. Data were grouped according to developmental stage or collection date and expressed as average seasonal, peak or aggregate parasitism. Sampling to estimate parasitism by Compsilura concinnata (Meigen) (Dipt., Tachinidae) could be confined to Julian dates 161–182. To estimate field parasitism, we recommend weekly sampling, systematically over an entire study site, regardless of immature developmental stage. Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen zur Erfassung der Parasitoiden einer in Vermehrung begriffenen Schwammspinner-Population (Lymantria dispar L., Lep., Lymantriidae) Es wurden vergleichende Untersuchungen durchgefuhrt uber verschiedene Methoden der Parasitoiden-Erfassung beim Schwammspinner, Lymantria dispar. Dabei wurden die Parasitierungsquoten bestimmter Entwicklungsstadien miteinander und mit den Quoten aus wochentlichen Raupenauf-sammlungen an Blattern, Zweigen und Stammen verglichen. Die Daten wurden nach Entwicklungs-stadium oder Sammlungsdatum gruppiert und als mittlerer, maximaler oder aggressiver Parasitismus deklariert. Das Sammeln zur Einschatzung des Parasitismus durch Compsilura concinnata (Meig.) lies sich auf die julianischen Daten 161–182 begrenzen. Zur Erfassung des Freiland-Parasitismus bei L. dispar wird ein wochentliches Sammeln an einem bestimmten Ort, unabhangig von den Entwick-lungsstadien, empfohlen.
Impurity bands in inversion layers

Abstract Impurity bands have been created and observed in inversion layers on silicon by drifting Na+ ions close to the SiSiO2 interface. The resulting hydrogen-like states can be made dense enough so that a peak in the conductivity can be observed at gate fields below the threshold for conduction in the conduction band. Three modes of conduction were observed: activation to the mobility edge, nearest neighbor hopping, and variable range hopping. From these measurements and by varying the density of ions information about binding energy, impurity band width, and the extent of the bound wave functions as a function of the electron density, ion concentration and substrate bias may be inferred.
Multichannel transmission ellipsometer for characterization of anisotropic optical materials

We have developed a multichannel transmission ellipsometer to characterize the wavelength dependence of the optical characteristics of transparent, anisotropic solids. The source side of the instrument employs a broadband lamp in conjunction with a rotating polarizer. The light transmitted through the sample is analyzed by a stationary polarizer, a grating spectrograph, and a 1024-pixel photodiode array. The photodiode array collects irradiance spectra at several uniformly spaced values of the rotating polarizer angle P, and the irradiance registered at each pixel of the array is Fourier analyzed versus P. From this analysis one can characterize the change in polarization state induced by the sample as a continuous function of wavelength from 400 to 800 nm. The multichannel transmission ellipsometer can be applied in studies of linear and circular birefringence in new materials as well as in assessments of the spectroscopic performance of polarization modifying devices such as retarders. However, we also emphasize the application of the instrument as an educational tool for demonstrating polarization concepts in advanced undergraduate physics and optics laboratories. In this application anisotropies in common optical materials have been characterized, including circular birefringence in quartz and linear birefringence and dichroism in mica. Because high-precision data are collected continuously versus wavelength, the results represent a clear improvement over those obtained at discrete wavelengths.
Staminate flowers of Halophila hawaiiana: Description and notes on its flowering ecology

The staminate flowers of the Hawaiian endemic seagrass Halophila hawaiiana Doty and Stone are reported from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu and described for the first time. These flowers are highly ephemeral and anthesis appears to occur only at night. The observation of staminate flowers for Halophila hawaiiana leaves only H. johnsonii Eiseman with unreported staminate flowers.
Quantitative histological-hemodynamic correlations in cirrhosis†‡

We have previously shown, in a semiquantitative analysis of liver biopsies showing cirrhosis, that thickness of fibrous septa separating cirrhotic nodules and small size of cirrhotic nodules correlated independently with portal pressure (as determined by the hepatic venous pressure gradient; HVPG) and were independent predictors of the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension (PH). This study aimed to confirm these results using quantitative analysis of these biopsies using digital image analysis. Biopsies of 42 patients with cirrhosis and HVPG measurements within 6 months of the biopsy were included in the study. The following parameters were scored quantitatively and without knowledge of HVPG results: total fibrosis area, septal thickness, nodule size, and number of nodules per millimeter of length of liver biopsy. Fibrosis area was the only parameter that independently correlated with HVPG (r = 0.606; P < 0.0001). Correlation was significant, even among patients with clinically significant PH (r = 0.636; P < 0.005). Fibrosis area and nodule size were both independently predictive of the presence of clinically significant PH (r = 0.57; P = 0.003). Conclusions: On quantitative analysis, fibrosis area was the parameter that correlated best with HVPG and the presence of clinically significant PH. Beyond pathophysiological implications, this also has methodological implications that are discussed in this article. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Classical solutions of the nondivergent barotropic equations on the sphere

The nondivergent barotropic equations on the shape provide the simplest mathematical model for the description of large–scale horizontal motions of the atmosphere. This article is concerned with the global existence, uniqueness, and regularity properties of classical solutions of these equations. The proofs are based on Holder estimates of the solutions. AMS(MOS) Subject Classification. Primary 76C05, 76C15. Secondary 35A05.
Nitrogen translocation in Sphagnum mosses: effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Summary • Here, the hypothesis was tested that nitrogen (N) translocation from older to younger parts of Sphagnum decreases as N inputs from atmospheric deposition increase. • Nitrogen translocation in Sphagnum mosses was compared in bogs with contrasting atmospheric N deposition (Adirondack ‐ relatively high N deposition; Maine ‐ relatively low) and by following the movement of a 15 NH 4 15 NO 3 tracer applied to plots of Sphagnum capillifolium over 2 yr. • Annual N translocation ranged from 11% to > 80% in the lower and higher influx sites, respectively. Nitrogen translocation was an important process for the N budget of the Sphagnum mosses, contributing 0.5‐11% of the annual N requirements. These results suggest that N translocation is as important as direct N retention from atmospheric deposition for the N budget of the mosses. Contrary to expectations, N translocation was greater in the high (Adirondack) than in the low (Maine) deposition sites. • If N translocation is closely tied to water availability, the relative positions of the water tables in the sites over the course of the experiments might account for differences in N translocation among sites. The lower translocation (Maine) sites had lower water tables in the first year of the experiment and experienced a more severe drought in the second year than did the Adirondack sites.
Identification of the Structural and Functional Domains of MutY, an Escherichia coli DNA Mismatch Repair Enzyme

The linear amino acid sequences of the Escherichia coli DNA repair proteins, MutY and endonuclease III, show significant homology, even though these enzymes recognize entirely different substrates. In this study, proteolysis and molecular modeling of MutY were used to elucidate its domain organization. Proteolysis by trypsin cleaved the enzyme into 26- and 13-kDa fragments. NH2-terminal sequencing showed that the p13 domain begins at Gln226, indicating that the COOH-terminal portion of MutY, absent in endonuclease III, is organized as a separate domain. The large p26 domain is almost equivalent to the size of endonuclease III. Binding activity of the p26 domain to a DNA substrate containing an A·G mismatch was comparable with that of the intact enzyme. In vitro studies show that the p26 domain retains adenine glycosylase and AP lyase activity on DNA containing undamaged adenine opposite guanine or 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanine. Although the activity was somewhat reduced, the above results show that the critical amino acid residues involved in substrate binding and catalysis are present in this domain. The structure predicted by molecular modeling indicates that the region of MutY (Met1-Trp216), which is homologous to endonuclease III exhibits a two domain structure, even though this portion is resistant to proteolysis by trypsin.
The mouse "xenotropic" gammaretroviruses and their XPR1 receptor

The xenotropic/polytropic subgroup of mouse leukemia viruses (MLVs) all rely on the XPR1 receptor for entry, but these viruses vary in tropism, distribution among wild and laboratory mice, pathogenicity, strategies used for transmission, and sensitivity to host restriction factors. Most, but not all, isolates have typical xenotropic or polytropic host range, and these two MLV tropism types have now been detected in humans as viral sequences or as infectious virus, termed XMRV, or xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus. The mouse xenotropic MLVs (X-MLVs) were originally defined by their inability to infect cells of their natural mouse hosts. It is now clear, however, that X-MLVs actually have the broadest host range of the MLVs. Nearly all nonrodent mammals are susceptible to X-MLVs, and all species of wild mice and several common strains of laboratory mice are X-MLV susceptible. The polytropic MLVs, named for their apparent broad host range, show a more limited host range than the X-MLVs in that they fail to infect cells of many mouse species as well as many nonrodent mammals. The co-evolution of these viruses with their receptor and other host factors that affect their replication has produced a heterogeneous group of viruses capable of inducing various diseases, as well as endogenized viral genomes, some of which have been domesticated by their hosts to serve in antiviral defense.
From a Phenomenology of the Subject to a Phenomenology of the Event: Reconstructing the Ontological Basis for a Phenomenological Psychology

Abstract In this paper I make the argument that being phenomenologically faithful to human experience means broadening the scope of the phenomenological method to not only include subjective experiences. Instead of reducing the psychological study of phenomena to the subject who ‘has’ an experience and who makes sense of this experience according to his or her own goal-directed plans, I will introduce the idea of starting our research from an understanding of an experience that is more original than the subject who ‘has’ it, since it both happens to this subject and transforms this subject in the process of happening to it. This understanding of experience, which is based in part on insights from the later Heidegger and the work of Jean-Luc Marion, takes the phenomenological reduction beyond what this or that experience meant to a particular subject (a psychological reduction) and looks instead at how this particular subject came into being as part of an experiential event that allowed it to become the subject that it is. I will call this new phenomenology a ‘phenomenology of the event’ and will seek to develop the implications of situating the study of psychological phenomena within such a paradigm.
Maternal Genistein Alters Coat Color and Protects Avy Mouse Offspring from Obesity by Modifying the Fetal Epigenome

Genistein, the major phytoestrogen in soy, is linked to diminished female reproductive performance and to cancer chemoprevention and decreased adipose deposition. Dietary genistein may also play a role in the decreased incidence of cancer in Asians compared with Westerners, as well as increased cancer incidence in Asians immigrating to the United States. Here, we report that maternal dietary genistein supplementation of mice during gestation, at levels comparable with humans consuming high-soy diets, shifted the coat color of heterozygous viable yellow agouti (A(vy/a) offspring toward pseudoagouti. This marked phenotypic change was significantly associated with increased methylation of six cytosine-guanine sites in a retrotransposon upstream of the transcription start site of the Agouti gene. The extent of this DNA methylation was similar in endodermal, mesodermal, and ectodermal tissues, indicating that genistein acts during early embryonic development. Moreover, this genistein-induced hypermethylation persisted into adulthood, decreasing ectopic Agouti expression and protecting offspring from obesity. Thus, we provide the first evidence that in utero dietary genistein affects gene expression and alters susceptibility to obesity in adulthood by permanently altering the epigenome.
Leopoldo Lugones and the Jews: The contradictions of Argentine nationalism

Abstract The purpose of this article is to present the opinions of the Argentine intellectual, Leopoldo Lugones, regarding the Jews and the reasons for his seemingly contradictory attitudes towards them that mirror both the general precariousness of Jewish existence in Argentina and the contradictions of Argentine nationalism. Moreover, these writings also reveal other related aspects of Lugones’ thought and provide a partial overview of Argentine nationalistic thought from the beginning of the twentieth century to the late 1930s, thereby offering insights into the nature and evolution of Argentine nationalism in reaction to Jews and other immigrant groups.
Encoding time reduction in fractal image compression

Summary form only given. The mathematical interpretation of fractal image compression is strongly related to Banach's fixed point theorem. More precisely, if (X,d) represents a metric space of digital images where d is a given suitable metric, we want to think of an element of X that we wish to encode as a fixed point of some operator. Since we are dealing with coding images, the choice of the metric space X as well as the metric d have an enormous effect on the complexity of the code. The coding of an image f consists of finding an iterated function system (IFS), a contractive mapping W whose fixed point f is the best approximation of f. The collage theorem states that by minimizing the distance between the fixed point f and Wf, it is expected that the distance between the fixed point f and the image f will be minimized. We present a method of mapping similar regions within an image by an approximation of the collage error; this will result in writing range blocks as a linear combination of domain blocks. We also address the complexity of the encoder, by proposing a new classification scheme based on the domain and range blocks moments which will reduce the encoding time by a factor of hundreds with insubstantial loss in the image quality. Extensive simulation results confirm our claims.