cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Androgens and reproductive behavior in ovariectomized ring doves

Abstract Eighteen ovariectomized ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) received subcutaneous silastic implants of either testosterone propionate (TP), 5α-dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) or cholesterol. Birds were paired daily for 1-hr with intact males. Eleven days after implantation the pairs were observed. Both TP and DHTP activated wingflipping behavior in the females. None of the females showed receptive crouching. Aromatization of testosterone to estrogen does not appear to be involved in wingflipping in female doves. The results suggest that wingflipping in females is not as hormone specific as it appears to be in male doves.
Flowability techniques in the processing of powdered explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics

Abstract A very effective flowability additive developed by Dow Corning Corporation is obtained by converting a hydrophilic silica aerogel to a hydrophobic colloidal silica by reacting with hexamethyldisilazane. This additive has been used to prepare homogeneous powder mixtures with a minimum of mixing, to mil difficult materials, and to obtain amazing flow properties in troublesome powders. This hydrophobic silica has an exceedingly light bulk density of about 0.05 g/cc, and a particle size of about one millimicron. It can be premixed before milling and will allow milling of waxy materials. After treatment the powder becomes water repellant and the bulk density increases. Hydrophobic silica additive in amounts less than one percent by weight has often proven effective.
Timing walk and time resolution estimated by least-squares fitting

Abstract A least-squares fitting technique is described which uses software to estimate timing walk and system time resolution. It is applied to fission-fragment double-kinetic-energy data taken with silicon surface-barrier detectors. A resolution of 0.40 ns fwhm is reported.
Inelastic scattering of quasifree electrons on O 7 + projectiles

Absolute doubly differential cross sections (DDCS's) for the resonant inelastic scattering of quasifree target electrons on H-like projectiles have been measured. Electron spectra for 20.25-MeV ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$ projectiles on an ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ target were measured. The spectra contain a resonant contribution from the 3l3${\mathit{l}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ doubly excited states of ${\mathrm{O}}^{6+}$, which decay predominantly to the 2l states of the ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$ via autoionization, and a nonresonant contribution from the direct excitation of the projectiles to the ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$(2l) state by the quasifree target electrons. Close-coupling R-matrix calculations for the inelastic scattering of free electrons on ${\mathrm{O}}^{7+}$ ions were performed. The relation between the electron-ion inelastic scattering calculation and the electron DDCS's for the ion-atom collision was established by using the inelastic scattering model (ISM). We found excellent agreement between the theoretical and measured resonant peak positions and relative peak heights. The calculated absolute double differential cross sections for the resonance processes are also in good agreement with the measured data. The implication is that collisions of highly charged ions on hydrogen can be used to obtain high-resolution, angle- resolved differential inelastic electron-scattering cross section. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Optimization of a thin film deposition process using a dynamic model extracted from molecular simulations

This study presents and demonstrates an algorithm for computing a dynamic model for a thin film deposition process. The proposed algorithm is used on high dimensional Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations and consists of applying principal component analysis (PCA) for reducing the state dimension, a self organizing map (SOM) for grouping similar surface configurations and simple cell mapping (SCM) for identifying the transitions between different surface configuration groups. The error associated with this model reduction approach is characterized by running more than 1000 test simulations with highly dynamic and random input profiles. The global error, which is the normalized Euclidean distance between the simulated and predicted states, is found to be less than 1% on average relative to the test simulation results. This indicates that our reduced order dynamic model, which was developed using a rather small simulation set, was able to accurately predict the evolution of the film microstructure for much larger simulation sets and a wide range of process conditions. Minimization of the deposition time to reach a desired film structure has also been achieved using this model. Hence, our study showed that the proposed algorithm is useful for extracting dynamic models from high dimensional and noisy molecular simulation data.
On some properties of the metric subalgebras ofℓ

The objects studied are the subalgebras ofl∞ which contain co. These are isometrically isomorphic to the algebras C(\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \)) where\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \) is a compactification of a discrete denumerable set N . It is shown: 1) If\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \) is metric then there is a projection of norm 1, P: C(\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \)) → C(\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \)) with kernel co defined by PF = f o ϕ where ϕ is a retraction of\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \) onto\(\mathop N\limits^ \vee \) =\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \) − N . 2) If\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \) is metric, then the group of homeomorphisms of\(\mathop N\limits^ \wedge \) is isomorphic to a complete group of permutations of the natural numbers ℕ . 3) The group of homeomorphisms of a compact metric space is the homomorphic image of a complete group of permutations of ℕ ("complete" means "no outer automorphisms, trivial center").
Growers' perceptions and acceptance of soil quality indices

Abstract Soil quality (SQ) assessment tools may facilitate adaptive management decisions that promote sustainable agricultural practices. However, without input from the target audience, these decision tools' potential for adoption remains unknown. In an effort to consider the end-user in SQ index development, we examined farmer reactions to index outcomes and uses for soil quality information. We calculated SQ indices for side-by-side comparisons of alternative (organic amendment) and conventional practices in the San Joaquin Valley, CA. The indices integrated chemical, biological, and physical data collected over 3 years in a participatory, on-farm demonstration project. In a focus group format, we asked the participating farmers about their perceptions of SQ in the study fields. We then asked the farmers to compare their perceptions with the calculated SQ indices by rating the amount of agreement between the two on a scale from 1 to 10, with 10 being excellent agreement. The survey results showed a mean of 8 and standard deviation=1 ( N =12). When we presented all participants with a variety of output options for soil quality indicator information, they were asked to rate each for usefulness and understandability. The apparent disparity among their preferences (high ratings for the most and the least integrated data) was explained by the suggestion of several farmers that it would be most useful to have access to several forms of the information. Participants also discussed how they would most likely use the tools and what information would be needed for them to change a management practice. A demonstrated link between soil quality and economics was the most discussed need. In response to the farmers' emphasis on economic outcomes, we compared our SQ index with yield results (as one component of net revenue) for participating fields. Pearson correlation coefficients showed statistically significant correlations between yield and SQ index outcomes. Correlations were stronger within subsets of the data grouped by crop or soil suborder. With further refinement and site specificity, a SQ index that is acceptable to its target audience could become a useful adaptive management tool to help maintain or increase the efficiency of sustainable farming practices.
Preparation of CuInSe 2 thin films by post-deposition selenization of sputter deposited Cu-In-O multiple phase thin films

Selenization of sputter deposited Cu-In-O films is investigated using two different sputtering targets. Sputter deposition parameters are varied to study the phase formation from Cu2In2O5 and Cu+In2O3 sputtering targets. XRD patterns of sputter deposited thin films from these targets showed different crystal orientation of the In2O3 phases deposited at 300°C and 500°C substrate temperatures. Films prepared by sputtering from Cu2In2O5 target are annealed under H2Se-Ar gas and the films prepared from Cu+In2O3 sputtering are annealed with Se under Ar-H2 gas. XRD results showed that the CuInSe2 phase is formed in all samples and a residual impurity phase In2O3 is identified for some of the films. Additionally, the results suggested that the selenization of Cu-In-O thin film revealed different effects when In2O3 phase is oriented. Additional layers are deposited for solar cell device and the device performances are investigated.
Task Force on Research in Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction in Critical Care Medicine

Critical care medicine is a multidisciplinary treatment approach that involves such specialties as anesthesiology, internal medicine, pediatrics, and surgery and is usually practiced in the hospital intensive care unit (ICU). The concept of delivering specialized, technologically sophisticated care within a dedicated setting originated with the postoperative recovery room of the post–World War II era and rapidly gained acceptance with the appearance of the first coronary care units in the early 1960s. Over the past several decades, ICUs have become standard features in hospitals across the United States. The US House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations highlighted critical care medicine as a special area of interest and concern in its report on the fiscal year 1993 budget for the Department of Health and Human Services. Noting that critical care costs account for about 28% of total acute care hospital costs, the Committee encouraged the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) “. . . to consider the potential benefits to society of enhanced research on effective practices and treatments in this technology-dependent field.” To identify new opportunities and chart a course for future research efforts, the NHLBI in 1993 convened a Task Force on Research in Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction in Critical Care Medicine. Composed of national experts in basic, clinical, and population-based research, the task force was charged to review the state of knowledge of cardiopulmonary dysfunction and care in critical care medicine over the past 5 years and develop a comprehensive plan, including scientific priorities, for NHLBI support of critical care research in cardiopulmonary dysfunction over the next several years. During a series of four meetings held over the course of 13 months, the task force members worked to develop a detailed report of their findings and conclusions. The full report is available on the NHLBI Gopher (accessible through the Internet …
Three-dimensional impedance engineering for mixed-signal system-on-chip applications

We describe a novel approach for three-dimensional substrate impedance engineering using p-/p+ epi substrate for mixed-signal SoC applications. Highly doped substrate with a thin epitaxial layer is used to prevent latch-up at tight design rules in high performance digital CMOS for beyond 40 GHz applications. Metal vias extending from the chip surface to the p+ substrate are used as Faraday cage for EM wave shielding as well as ?true ground? contacts. Self-limiting semi-insulating micro-PS regions are inserted into selected regions of Si substrates from the backside of the wafer. On-chip inductors are situated above the semi-insulating micro-PS regions allowing for greatly increased Q and fr. Bond pads on micro-PS regions increase the bond pad resonant frequency of up to 56.2 GHz and increase crosstalk isolation between bond pads. These technologies require minimum intrusion to conventional Si CMOS processing, making them practical and yet effective new technologies that offer outstanding improvements with regard to the performance of mixed-signal SoCs. It is an enabling factor for Si ICs to directly challenge the compound semiconductor technologies.
Toward a definition of the term numerical mathematician

In attempting to evaluate the responses to the SIGNUM 1971 Nonacademic Numerical Mathematics Survey (see summary report published elsewhere in this Newsletter), it became clear that there is a need for a definition of the term "numerical mathematician". Without such a definition, the results of any such survey are necessarily ambigous. For example, our Laboratory employs over one hundred computer programmers, who frequently use mathematical subroutines in their codes. Are they numerical mathematicians? Furthermore, another hundred or more physicists and engineers are regular users of numerical methods. Should they be called numerical mathematicians?
Planar-basis pseudopotential calculations of the Si(001)2×1 surface with and without hydrogen passivation

A planar basis is introduced for self-consistent pseudopotential calculations. The basis is made of products of two-dimensional plane waves (in x-y plane) and Gaussian functions in the z direction. This basis is particularly suited for describing electronic states of heterostructures including surfaces, interfaces, and superlattices. The method is applied to the Si(001)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface with symmetric dimer reconstruction and the effects of hydrogen passivation are studied. The work function and dissociation energy of hydrogen from the Si(001)2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface are calculated. The results for hydrogen dissocation are in agreement with previous experimental findings.
Image-intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imaging system: geometric distortion correction

An image intensifier-based rotational volume tomographic angiography imaging system has been constructed. The system consists of an x-ray tube and an image intensifier that are separately mounted on a gantry. This system uses an image intensifier coupled to a TV camera as a 2D detector so that a set of 2D projections can be acquired for a direct 3D reconstruction. Although an image intensifier offers good detection quantum efficiency and possibly results in a better low contrast resolution than a fluorescent screen, it introduces two types of distortion: S distortion and pincushion distortion. To obtain accurate reconstructions, these distortions must be corrected prior to 3D reconstruction. Techniques for the correction of these distortions have been developed. These techniques were tested using experimental data acquired with the image intensifier-based volume tomographic angiography imaging system. The results indicate that the distortion correction techniques work well.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
How task analysis can be used to derive and organize the knowledge for the control of autonomous vehicles

Abstract The real-time control system (RCS) methodology has evolved over a number of years as a technique to capture task knowledge and organize it in a framework conducive to implementation in computer control systems. The fundamental premise of this methodology is that the present state of the task activities sets the context that identifies the requirements for all the support processing. In particular, the task context at any time determines what is to be sensed in the world, what world model states are to be evaluated, which situations are to be analyzed, what plans should be invoked, and which behavior generation knowledge is to be accessed. This results in a methodology that concentrates first and foremost on the task definition. It starts with the definition of the task knowledge in the form of a decision tree that clearly represents the branching of tasks into layers of simpler and simpler subtask sequences. This task decomposition framework is then used to guide the search for and to emplace all of the additional knowledge. This paper explores this process in some detail, showing how this knowledge is represented in a task context-sensitive relationship that supports the very complex real-time processing the computer control systems will have to do.
Implications of the Higgs boson discovery for mSUGRA

Abstract A Bayesian analysis is carried out to identify the consistent regions of the mSUGRA parameter space, where the newly-discovered Higgs bosonʼs mass is used as a constraint, along with other experimental constraints. It is found that m 1 / 2 can lie in the sub-TeV region, A 0 / m 0 is mostly confined to a narrow strip with | A 0 / m 0 | ⩽ 1 , while m 0 is typically a TeV or larger. Further, the Bayesian analysis is used to set 95% CL lower bounds on sparticle masses. Additionally, it is shown that the spin independent neutralino–proton cross section lies just beyond the reach of the current sensitivity but within the projected sensitivity of the SuperCDMS-1T and XENON-1T experiments, which explains why dark matter has thus far not been detected. The light sparticle spectrum relevant for the discovery of supersymmetry at the LHC are seen to be the gluino, the chargino and the stop with the gluino and the chargino as the most likely candidates.
The serials cancellation crisis: National trends in academic library serial collections

Abstract Domestic serials cancellation and serials holdings records for 3 years (1992–1994) from 10 U.S. academic research libraries were collected and analyzed to describe broad characteristics of domestic serial collections, to determine how recent rounds of serial cancellations have affected academic research collections nationwide, and to identify national trends in serial collections. The data were obtained from the database of The Faxon Company with the permission of the libraries participating in the study. The results confirm the conclusions of previous studies, which determined that academic libraries were cancelling journals unique to their collections and other collections. The cancellation overlap rate continues to document a trend toward maintaining duplicated core serial collections at the expense of peripheral and unique subscriptions. The balance among disciplines has not changed, despite the significant serial cancellations that have taken place over the past several years. Furthermore, in a shift from previous findings, all areas of domestic serials appear to be at risk for cancellation.
Design Considerations For Shuttle-Attached Pointing Systems

This paper presents an overview of the considerations which are important in Shuttle-attached pointing systems for electro-optical experiments. These considerations are described in terms of the mission characteristics which include the mission orbit, host vehicle, sensor, and target. The pointing system characteristics of interest include the pointing system configuration, tradeoffs, and interfaces. Key problem areas are discussed, and expected evolutionary pointing system improvements are outlined. The fundamental limitations which constrain the evolution of the pointing systems are also identified.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Production Technology and the Interindutry Wage Structure

This paper presents a model in which production technology (scale and capital-intensity) explains interindustry differences in the earnings of workers with similar skill in similarly attrative jobs. The empirical analysis shows that manufacturing industires fall into three segments with broadly similar production technologies, and that prodcut market and employment characteristics vary as expected across these segments. Capital intensity and job-skill requirements are found to have positive wage effects for the full set of industries, but the resluts by segment suggest that the capital-intensity effect increases, and the skill effects decreases, with the capital-intensity of prodcution.
Comparisons between blackbird damage to corn and sunflower in North Dakota

Abstract For sunflower producers in North Dakota, blackbird (Icterinae) damage is a chronic problem costing millions of dollars annually. Sunflower damage surveys were last completed in the state in 1979–1980. Since the last surveys, corn plantings have increased 6-fold to 1500 × 10 3 ha, whereas sunflower hectarage has declined by >75% to 310 × 10 3 ha. Blackbirds forage on both crops, and this rapid change in North Dakota's agricultural landscape was a sound inducement for reassessing crop damage. Field surveys are an important step in damage methods development because they are used for measuring efficacy, as well as assessing historical changes in the quality and quantity of damage. During 2009–2010, we conducted damage surveys on corn and sunflower. We surveyed 120 randomly selected 3.2 × 3.2-km plots in North Dakota's Prairie Pothole Region. This region of numerous wetlands has historically produced the majority of the state's sunflower crop, in addition to harboring a blackbird population of 25 million birds. Over the 2-year study, we measured damage in 68 cornfields and 27 sunflower fields. Annual damage averaged 5.0 × 10 3 t (12 kg/ha, US $1.3 million) for corn and 7.2 × 10 3 t (45 kg/ha, US $3.5 million) for sunflower. Percentage damage was significantly greater in sunflower ( x ¯ = 2.7 % ) than corn ( x ¯ = 0.2 % ) . The lower per-unit cost of producing corn makes it a potential lure crop for managing blackbird damage to sunflower. However, the two crops should be phenologically synchronized because corn matures earlier than sunflower and becomes less attractive to blackbirds.
Pulmonary embolectomy: Recommendation for early surgical intervention

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening disease which often results in death if not diagnosed early and treated aggressively. Despite all efforts at improving outcomes, there is no consensus on the management of acute severe PE. Methods: From May 2000 to June 2009, 16 consecutive patients underwent surgical pulmonary embolectomy at our institution. Mean age was 45 ± 17 years (range, 14 to 76) with nine (56%) males and seven (43%) females. Preoperatively, all cases were classified as massive PE; seven (43%) patients were in hemodynamic collapse and emergently underwent operation while receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results: There were nine (56%) urgent/emergent and seven (44%) salvage patients undergoing surgical pulmonary embolectomy. Of nine nonsalvage patients, seven (77%) patients presented with moderate to severe right ventricular (RV) dilation/dysfunction. Mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 43 ± 41 minutes (range, 9 to 161). Mean follow-up duration was 48 ± 38 months (range: 0.3 to 109), with seven in-hospital deaths (43%): mortality was 11% (1/9) in emergent operations and 85% (6/7) in salvage operations. Conclusions: Surgical pulmonary embolectomy should be considered early in the management of hemodynamically stable patients with PE who show evidence of RV dilation and/or failure, as it is associated with satisfactory outcomes. Conversely, pulmonary embolectomy has dismal results under salvage conditions. Revision of current guidelines for the surgical management of this condition may be warranted. (J Card Surg 2010;25:261-266)
π * negative ion resonance states of (E)- and (Z)-1,3,5-hexatriene. Prediction of electron affinities near threshold

Abstract Deviations from the pairing theorem previously noted for the linear polyenes are explained on the basis of 1,3-π,π interactions in the negative ion states. Such interactions also contribute significantly to the stabilization of the π * −2 negative ion state of (Z)-relative to (E)-1,3,5-hexatriene. Koopmans' theorem (KT) does not explain the equal π * −3 electron affinities of (E)- and (Z)-hexatriene but CI-singles calculations closely approximate the relative experimental values. Scaled KT and Δe SCF calculations lead to the predictions that (a) the crossover between unbound and bound first π * negative ion states in the linear polyenes occurs between hexatriene and octatetraene, (b) the first π * negative ion states of fulvene and bicyclo[1.1.0]but-1(3)-ene are bound and (c) that of cyclobutadiene is unbound.
Learning Styles and Student Performance in Introductory Economics

Data from nine introductory microeconomics classes was used to test the effect of student learning style on academic performance. The Kolb Learning Style Inventory was used to assess individual student learning styles. The results indicate that student learning style has no significant effect on performance, undermining the claims of those who advocate greater instructional design concern for different learning styles.
Clinical trials in neonates: a therapeutic imperative.

The lack of study of medications in pediatric patients has been recognized since the 1960s, when Shirkey described children as “therapeutic orphans.”1 In 1968, only 25% of approved drugs included adequate pediatric prescribing information on the label. This did not begin to improve until the 1990s, with the 1997 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Modernization Act, the Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Acts, and the Pediatric Research Equity Acts. By 2009, more than 300 labeling changes improved pediatric prescribing information, but newborns were seldom included. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2009) 86 6, 585–587. doi:10.1038/clpt.2009.207
A biological assay for epidermal growth factor/urogastrone and related polypeptides

A bioassay for epidermal growth factor (EFG) which is rapid, specific, and extremely sensitive is described. As the bioassay detects as little as 25 pg of EGF, this assay is more sensitive than commonly used radioreceptor assays and nearly as sensitive as radioimmunoassays. This bioassay involves only the measurement of the proliferation of cultures of an EGF-requiring cell line and can be carried out in a quantitative manner over a 40-fold range of EGF concentrations.
Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Third Annual Conference on human genetic variation. 16-18 October 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

A major goal of pharmacogenomics is to identify the human genetic variation that influences susceptibility to complex diseases. Recently, theoretical statistical analyses have suggested that genes for complex diseases may be found by linkage disequilibrium (i.e., association). Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) susceptibility alleles for common diseases can occur at high frequencies in various populations and, thus, have a major impact on morbidity and mortality. To be successful, SNP mapping studies require successful teamwork, integrating clinicians, epidemiologists, molecular genetics experts, laboratory automation engineers, bioinformatics and database experts. New statistical methods are also developing rapidly and promise to further increase the power of these studies. A recent conference on human genetic variation provided an opportunity for experts in all of these disciplines to exchange ideas. At present, great technological challenges need to be overcome in order to increase the throughput greatly while lowering cost and still maintaining high accuracy for SNP genotyping. Although this approach is relatively new (at least on the scale now being contemplated), the large payoffs anticipated to accrue from the successful mapping of SNPs in disease genes has led the area to be very strongly supported by both public and private funding sources. The potential payoff for improving disease diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy, with better avoidance of adverse events based on SNP associations, is providing a tremendous incentive to move this effort forward at an ever-accelerating pace.
Bipartite tolerance orders

Abstract Tolerance orders and tolerance graphs arise as a generalization of interval orders and interval graphs in which some overlap of intervals is tolerated. The classes of bounded, proper and unit tolerance orders and graphs have been studied by other authors. Here we introduce two-sided versions of these classes. We show that all the classes are identical for bipartite ordered sets and give some examples to show that the classes differ in the nonbipartite case. We also give an algorithm for determining whether a bipartite ordered set is in these classes, and if so finding a representation of it.
Homotransplantation immunity of neonatal rabbits.

SummaryNeonatal rabbits in the first week of life were found to reject neonatal or adult grafts significantly more rapidly than adults grafted with homologous adult or neonatal skin. Transplantation immunity comparable to adult rabbits was observed in 2-week-old rabbits. Sublethal irradiation of recipient animals prior to skin grafting resulted in a 2-fold prolongation of graft survival in adults, but only a 50% prolongation in one-week- and two-week-old neonatal recipients.
Mineralogy of Soil Profiles: Iredell and Durham Soils from the Piedmont Province of North Carolina1

A comparative study of two soil profiles derived from a biotite-granite and from a metagabbro in the Piedmont Province of North Carolina was made. Intensive weathering of the granite has yielded a soil (Durham) with a clay fraction composed of a kaolinite-halloysite intermediate, mica, and quartz. Restricted weathering of the metagabbro has resulted in a soil (Iredell) with a clay fraction composed of a complex assemblage of chlorite, beidellite, vermiculite, interlayered talc-like minerals, and quartz. The data indicate that the Durham soil is derived from the severe alteration of a granite and that it represents an advanced stage in soil formation. The Iredell soil has been derived from the less active weathering of a metagabbro and represents a retarded, youthful stage in soil formation. The clay mineral assemblage of the Durham is that of a comparatively stable end product of weathering; that of the Iredell is indicative of a complex, unstable early stage in weathering.
Athletes at Risk for Sudden Cardiac Death

High school athletes represent the largest group of individuals affected by sudden cardiac death, with an estimated incidence of once or twice per week. Structural cardiovascular abnormalities are the most frequent cause of sudden cardiac death. Athletes participating in basketball, football, track, soccer, baseball, and swimming were found to have the highest incidence of sudden cardiac death. Screening of athletes prior to participation in competitive sports usually falls short of recommended guidelines. Poorly defined legislation and the absence of a national standard for sports physicals have contributed to inadequate health screenings of athletes. This article will describe the incidence and causes of sudden cardiovascular death in young athletes as well as guidelines intended to prevent this unfortunate problem.
Fluorination of YBa2Cu3O7−x

Abstract We have developed a simple gas-exchange technique for the introduction of fluorine into the structure of YBa2Cu3O7−x. Th e presence of fluorine in the resulting compounds has been determined by observation of systematic variation of the unit cell with exposure to fluorine. It has been further confirmed by NMR and neutron diffraction experiments, the details of which are to be presented elsewhere. The desired fluorination reaction always occurs in competition with decomposition processes, which eventually produce the fluorides of the component metals. This effect was minimized by use of a thoroughly dried reactant gas and a moderate temperature (165°C). Fluorine enters the tetragonal YBa2Cu3O6 structure quite readily. It appears to have much more difficulty entering the more oxidized, orthorhombic form. This we attribute to the blocking of potential migration paths in the structure by oxygen.
Upturn effect in the Non‐Newtonian intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions. II. Polyisobutylene in polybutene oil

With an increasing gradient, the intrinsic viscosity of a high molecular weight polyisobutylene (Mn = 7 × 106) in polybutene oil L.100 (ηs = 5 poise) first drops to a minimum and then rises again. The minimum occurs at β = M[η]0ηsG/NkT = 240, which is about ten times the value predicted by the dumbbell model. Such a shift to larger gradient is in good agreement with the more realistic necklace model of macromolecules in a good solvent. The increase of intrinsic viscosity after the minimum is nearly linear with the gradient and continues beyond the value at zero gradient. Experiments with capillaries of different length-to-diameter ratios yield identical flow curves so that one may exclude the possibility that the observed upturn is an artifact caused by end effects or time dependence of viscosity.
Bromination of sydnones. II Bromination of 3-(2-aminophenyl)sydnone and related compounds†

Bromination of 3-(2-aminophenyl)sydnone 2 under a variety of conditions is reported. The products obtained are interrelated by a series of subsequent reactions. One major product is the bromoaryl compound 8, the first example of bromination on the aryl rather than sydnone ring when the two are in competition. Surprisingly, bromoaminosydnone 9, prepared from its nitro analogue, was not among the products obtained by direct bromination of 2.
Observations of an inshore front associated with the Chesapeake Bay outflow plume

Abstract Preliminary observations are reported of a recurring front located near Cape Henry, Virginia, USA. The front occurs on the right-hand side, looking seaward, of the buoyant plume discharging from the Chesapeake Bay and separates the plume from a band of relatively dense seawater confined against the Virginia coast. The front thus appears to be of a type similar to the inshore plume front reported by Sanders and Garvine for the Delaware Bay. Similar to an estuarine tidal intrusion front, the Cape Henry front evolves to a prominent V-shaped planform during flood tide and subduction of fluid along the front may provide a means for recirculation of near-surface material.
Preparation and polymerization of methylenecyclobutene and 1‐methyl‐3‐methylenecyclobutene

Methylenecyclobutene (MCB) and 1-methyl-3-methylenecyclobutene (MMCB) were synthesized, characterized, and polymerized by anionic and cationic initiators. Structural analyses of the polymers were carried out by infrared and NMR spectros-copy. The cationic polymerization of MCB appeared to proceed entirely by a 1,5-propagation mechanism to form low molecular weight polymers in low yields. Anionic polymerization of this monomer, on the other hand, proceeded primarily through a 1,2-propagation path, again forming only low molecular weight polymeric products in low yield. In contrast to MCB, the methyl-substituted monomer, MMCB, polymerized readily with cationic initiators to produce unusually high molecular weight polymers in high conversions. On the basis of both infrared and NMR spectroscopic analyses, it was concluded that the polymers also contained essentially only 1,5-addition repeating units. Anionic initiators such as n-BuLi were unable to induce polymerization of this monomer, but polymerization by Ziegler-Natta catalysts proceeded readily to yield polymers virtually identical in structure and molecular weight to those obtained with cationic initiators.
Competing role demands of therapists' professional and marital lives

Abstract This review evaluates current knowledge regarding the multilevel and reciprocal relations between psychotherapists' professional and marital lives. Because few articles pertain specifically to psychotherapists, the review incorporates pertinent literature concerned with other health service professionals. A model of reciprocal influence is proposed which conceptualizes interactive effects among the professional's personal history, vocational life, and marital life. Conflicted nurturing in the professional's family of origin may cultivate a need for control over interpersonal relations, which is fulfilled by professional training and practice. Empirical research supports the notion that professional intimacy serves a defensive function against conflict over marital intimacy. However, residual conflicts over intimacy surface in the marriage, and both the therapist and spouse may develop psychological symptoms.
Effective Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment in Juvenile Justice Settings: Practice and Policy Recommendations

Juvenile justice—increasingly the service delivery point for adolescents with substance abuse and co-occurring problems lacking resources for other assistance—can be a model for improved and expanded, yet cost-effective, adolescent substance abuse treatment. An emergent standard of care challenges systemic inequities; a new service array facilitates dialogue among justice and treatment professionals, families, and the youth themselves. Such evidence-based practice—and the policy to implement it—have the power to transform disconnected laws, programs and professionals into an effective, efficient and successful community of responders, helping youth reclaim their lives while improving public health and public safety.
Targeted activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in vivo induces restrictive cardiomyopathy and conduction defects

The stress-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), has been implicated in the process of cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis, yet the specific roles of JNK in heart failure are unclear. To determine the effects of JNK activation in intact heart, we established transgenic animals using a Cre/loxP-mediated gene switch approach to achieve targeted expression of an upstream activator, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (D) (MKK7D), in ventricular myocytes. MKK7D expression led to significant JNK activation, robust induction of the fetal gene program, and contractile dysfunction. The animals died ∼7 weeks after birth with signs of congestive heart failure. Doppler mode echocardiography revealed a marked stiffening of JNK-activated hearts that was associated with the remodeling of specific extracellular matrix components. Gene expression analysis of MKK7D hearts revealed up-regulation of transforming growth factor β signaling, offering a potential molecular mechanism underlying changes in extracellular matrix composition. In addition, we demonstrated that JNK activation led to specific loss of connexin 43 protein and gap junctions without affecting the expression or localization of other key intercalated disc proteins. This specific and localized gap junction remodeling resulted in significant slowing of ventricular electrical conduction in JNK-activated hearts. These results represent the first characterization of JNK-mediated cardiac pathology in vivo and support an important role for JNK signaling in specific aspects of cardiac remodeling in the pathogenesis of cardiac disease.
Introducing tool-supported architecture review into software design education

While modularity is highly regarded as an important quality of software, it poses an educational dilemma: the true value of modularity is realized only as software evolves, but student homework, assignments and labs, once completed, seldom evolve. In addition, students seldom receive feedback regarding the modularity and evolvability of their designs. Prior work has shown that it is extremely easy for students and junior developers to introduce extra dependencies in their programs. In this paper, we report on a first experiment applying a tool-supported architecture review process in a software design class. To scientifically address this education problem, our first objective is to advance our understanding of why students make these modularity mistakes, and how the mistakes can be corrected. We propose tool-guided architecture review so that modularity problems in students' implementation can be revealed and their consequences can be assessed against possible change scenarios. Our pilot study shows that even students who understand the importance of modularity and have excellent programming skills may introduce additional harmful dependencies in their implementations. Furthermore, it is hard for them to detect the existence of these dependencies on their own. Our pilot study also showed that students need more formal training in architectural review to effectively detect and analyze these problems.
Identification of human cohn fraction III as a useful source for the simultaneous purification of FIX and FX zymogens

Abstract We have determined that human Cohn Fraction III contains large quantities of intact FIX and FX zymogens. Procedures are described for their simultaneous purification and separation from partially activated forms. Steps include barium citrate adsorption and elution, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and separation of FIX from FX on heparin-agarose. Subsequent gel filtration of FIX on Sephacryl S-200 yields material with a specific clotting activity of 170 units/mg and an overall yield of 34 mg/kg starting material. This preparation contains trace amounts (
Reconstitutive events in Blepharisma undulans as affected by colchicine.

Abstract 1. 1. The effects of selected dosages of colchicine (10 −2 to 10 −13 M ) were studied in a red-pigmented, heterotrichous ciliate Blepharisma undulans on the following: (1) division, (2) regeneration of cut Blepharisma , (3) conjugation, (4) survival of whole Blepharisma , regenerating and non-regenerating fragments. 2. 2. Concentrations below 10 −4 M were ineffective on all processes studied. Higher concentrations (10 −2 M and above) were cytolytic to Blepharisma . 3. 3. Reconstruction of the red pigment in bleached forms was unaffected by colchicine. The response of bleached forms to colchicine was the same as unbleached organisms. Cannibal-giants were less affected by colchicine on the processes studied than normal forms. 4. 4. The effect on division indicated that in ciliate protozoa where there is an amitotically dividing nucleus, the macronucleus, the division of the cytoplasm is apparently unaffected by disruption of the mitotically dividing micronuclei. 10 −4 M produced micronuclear mitotic inhibition without affecting cytoplasmic division, 10 −3 M affected both processes. 5. 5. Conjugating whole Blepharisma or conjugant fragments were more affected by lower concentrations (10 −4 M ) than non-conjugating forms. In some instances conjugating organisms exposed during conjugation did not recover from colchicine exposure. The inability to recover may possibly be due to a disruption of the new nucleus. 6. 6. The process of regeneration in Blepharisma was more affected by lower concentrations (10 −4 M ) than was division. The effect on regeneration may possibly be due to a disruption of the ciliary fibrillar systems. 7. 7. An explanation is offered for the change from the normal-sized individual to the cannibal-giant. This change may be due to the production of a polyploid individual.
The Older HIV-Positive Adult: A Critical Review of the Medical Literature

Older adults make up an ever-growing proportion of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in the United States, with approximately 25% of infections occurring in adults over the age of 50 years. Although there is a preliminary body of literature addressing the socioeconomic and prognostic issues of HIV infection in older adults, very little rigorous scientific research has looked at the significant clinical issues relevant to this growing population. Treatment of older adults is complicated by an increased prevalence of medical comorbidities, but little is known about the effects of complicated medication regimens in this group, as they are routinely excluded from clinical trials of newer HIV medications. The delay in diagnosis and treatment of HIV in older adults has led to poorer outcomes, including lower baseline CD4 counts, decreased time to acquired immune deficiency syndrome diagnosis, and increased mortality. Despite these facts, there is mounting evidence that timely diagnosis and treatment of HIV in older adults leads to improved outcomes, similar to younger patients. This review evaluates the literature focusing on HIV and older adults.
The effect of dislocation density on the dissolution rate of quartz

In order to determine the effect of crystal dislocations on quartz dissolution rates, the dissolution rates of i) synthetic quartz with a dislocation density of <105 cm−2 and ii) plastically deformed quartz from the same crystal with a dislocation density of ~5 × 1010cm−2 were measured in distilled water at 80°C and in 0.2 M HF at 22°C. All of the experiments were conducted in highly undersaturated solutions. The high dislocation density in the deformed sample dramatically increased the extent of etch pit development during dissolution in 0.2 M HF. However, the dissolution rates of the high and low dislocation density quartz were indistinguishable in both distilled water at 80°C and in 0.2 M HF at 22°C. This indicates that the dissolution from etch pits formed at dislocations is a small contribution to the overall quartz dissolution rate, and implies that dislocations are not an important factor in controlling quartz dissolution rates in highly undersaturated geochemical environments such as soils. Theoretical arguments indicate that dislocations have a larger potential for accelerating dissolution rates in solutions near equilibrium, and this may be an important factor in the kinetics of many diagenetic and metamorphic reactions.
Nearly Chromatography-Free Synthesis of the A3B-Porphyrin 5-(4-Hydroxymethylphenyl)-10,15,20-tri-p-tolylporphinatozinc(II)

Rational routes to synthetic porphyrins bearing distinct meso-substituents have typically been implemented at modest scale ( 10:1 ratio (versus 4:1 using EtMgBr), (iii) isolation of the dibutyltin complex of the 1,9-diacyl...
Linkages Among Poverty, Development, and Budget Systems

The achievement of economic growth and social equity in developing nations, whatever path they pursue, has been hampered by uncertainty, instability, and uncontrollability in budgeting. It appears likely that left to themselves, these budget systems will continue largely unchanged, with little or no progress toward eliminating poverty and advancing development. However, several options are available for restructuring budget systems through implementation of carefully devised systematic action plans.
The state actor doctrine and the NCAA: The NCAA is off the court

Abstract The National Collegiate Athletic Association, founded in 1905, has without doubt been the most dominant voice in the governance of intercollegiate athletics. Nonetheless, there have been challenges to the scope and power of the decisions of the NCAA, specifically decisions of its enforcement arms. A major question addressed by the Supreme Court evaluates claims that the NCAA is not a state actor and hence its decisions do not need to comport explicitly to due process requirements.