cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Micro-effects of language on risk perception in drug prescribing behavior.

The decision to prescribe neuroleptics for the treatment of psychosis involves a potentially tragic choice between, on the one hand, a probability of psychosis and a probability of side effects, such as tardive dyskinesia, on the other. In an experimental paradigm, we examined this decision process. We hypothesized that linguistic factors considered irrelevant under classical formulations of individual choice behavior would have a significant effect on this decision. All subjects were presented with a case vignette involving a potentially psychotic patient. Subjects were then asked what probability of tardive dyskinesia they would either “accept” or “risk” in order to prevent psychotic decompensation. In addition this factor was crossed with a contextual factor that varied the patient's age. The effect of “risk” versus “accept” language was evident in significantly different patterns of decision making across age groups. The data have important implications for clinical decision making, the elicitation of informed consent, and the directions that the courts have taken in malpractice and patient's rights cases.
Long-Term Mortality After Ablation of Ischemic Ventricular Tachycardia: Not Inducible Is Not Enough.

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) following myocardial infarction (MI) arises from surviving muscle fibers that traverse the border and penetrate more deeply into the scar core. Typically, these fibers are interconnected but insulated from one another along much of their course, separated by collagen and
5.15 The Influence of Middle and Lower Crustal Flow on the Landscape Evolution of Orogenic Plateaus: Insights from the Himalaya and Tibet

The Tibetan Plateau serves as a model for understanding the possible influence of middle and lower crustal flow on the geomorphic and tectonic evolution of a continental plateau. Arguments are presented in favor of a weak middle (and, in some areas, lower) crust beneath the plateau, and the development of tectonic models of the Himalayan–Tibetan orogenic system that incorporate lateral flow of this weak crust under the influence of gravity are explored. Many long- and short-wavelength features of Tibetan and Himalayan landscapes are reasonably explained as a consequence of such flow.
“A TAX ON THE MANY, TO ENRICH A FEW”: JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY VS. THE PROTECTIVE TARIFF

The core concepts underlying Jacksonian Democracy—equal protection of the laws; an aversion to a moneyed aristocracy, exclusive privileges, and monopolies, and a predilection for the common man; majority rule; and the welfare of the community over the individual—have long been defined almost exclusively by the Bank War, which commenced in earnest with the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828. Yet, this same rhetoric proved far more pervasive and consistent when one considers the ardent opposition to the protective system. Opponents of the protective tariff, commencing with the Tariff of 1816 and continuing unabated to the Walker Tariff of 1846, thus contributed directly to the development of Jacksonian Democracy, and, by introducing and continually employing this language, gave to the tariff debates in the United States a unique angle that differed from the debates in Europe.
EVIDENCE FOR THE EVOLUTION OF COMPETITION BETWEEN TWO SPECIES OF ANNUAL PLANTS.

Long-term experiments are necessary to study the process of competition-mediated selection. Populations may adapt to each other, or coevolve, as one of the possible responses to interspecific competition. Populations may also evolve overcompensation, or increased fitness of mixtures of two genotypes or species relative to the fitness of pure stands of the same two genotypes or species (Schutz et al., 1968). Coevolution involves the reciprocal response of both genotypes or species; overcompensation may involve the increase in fitness of only one of the component genotypes or species. These processes may be affected by the frequency of species in a community. For species at low frequencies, one expects most competition to be interspecific; at high frequencies, one expects more intraspecific competition. Pimentel et al. (1965) found evolution of competitive performance in a mixture of houseflies and blowflies. The frequencydependent competition that was observed led to oscillations maintaining both species. Competitive changes resulting in increased differential resource utilization and greater reproductive output of a mixture of Drosophila genotypes have been reported by Seaton and Antonovics (1967). In other experiments, competitive performance remained unchanged (Sokal et al., 1970, in Tribolium; Hedrick, 1972, in Drosophila), or even declined (Futuyma, 1970, in Drosophila). Dawson and Lerner (1966) found that the evolution of competitive performance was affected by population size in Tribolium. This suggests that change in competitive performance may be a function of genetic variability.
Human Knowledge, Animal and Reflective

En reponse a l'article precedent de S. Grimm, l'A. insiste sur la distinction entre connaissance et comprehension, connaissance animale et connaissance reflechie, qui etaye sa these du fiabilisme de la vertu. Definissant les valeurs epistemiques que sont la verite, la securite, la coherence et l'explication, l'A. montre que la comprehension constitue le niveau le plus eleve de la connaissance.
What is the evidence for stress resistance and slowed aging

Stress resistance is thought to contribute to slowed-aging, although cause and effect between the two is controversial. On October 30, 2015 researchers gathered at the Front Range Consortium on Stress Resistance and Slowed Aging in Fort Collins, CO, to discuss what the current evidence is that stress resistance imparts slowed aging. Included in that discussion was defining stress resistance, distinguishing if there are key stresses to which resistance imparts slowed aging, what models aid in our understanding of stress resistance and aging, and how to translate that knowledge into slowed aging treatment. The following article is a brief summary of that discussion and recommendations for moving forward.
Potential new therapies for perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.

Recent studies in neonatal animals have shown that hypoxic- ischemic brain damage can be reduced by interventions initiated after the hypoxic-ischemic insult. In this article, the authors focus on potentially new modalities of therapy capable of preventing—or at least reducing—brain damage arising from perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia. Management strategies include oxygen-free radical inhibitors and scavengers, excitatory amino acid antago nists, and calcium channel blocker. Additional information is provided regarding the critical role of glucose in perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and also the protective effect of hypothermia on preventing brain damage.
Does enhanced insulin sensitivity improve sleep measures in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study

Abstract Background High fasting insulin levels have been reported to predict development of observed apneas, suggesting that insulin resistance may contribute to the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to determine whether enhancing insulin sensitivity in individuals with OSA would improve sleep measures. Patients/Methods Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals with untreated OSA were randomized (2:1) to pioglitazone (45 mg/day) or placebo for eight weeks in this single-blind study. All individuals had repeat measurements pertaining to sleep (overnight polysomnography and functional outcomes of sleep questionnaire) and insulin action (insulin suppression test). Results A total of 45 overweight/obese men and women with moderate/severe OSA were randomized to pioglitazone ( n = 30) or placebo ( n = 15). Although insulin sensitivity increased 31% among pioglitazone-treated compared with no change among individuals receiving placebo ( p 0.001 for between-group difference), no improvement in quantitative or qualitative sleep measurements was observed. Conclusions Pioglitazone administration increased insulin sensitivity in otherwise untreated individuals with OSA, without any change in polysomnographic sleep measures over an eight-week period. These findings do not support a causal role for insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of OSA.
Simulation study of flat-sheet air gap membrane distillation modules coupled with an evaporative crystallizer for zero liquid discharge water desalination

Abstract A flat sheet air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) model and an evaporative crystallizer model were developed for design and optimization of the lab-scale zero liquid discharge (ZLD) water desalination experimental plant. The models were validated by comparing with published experimental data. Univariate analysis was utilized to investigate the influences of thirteen operating and dimensional parameters of single stage and multi-stage AGMD modules on the permeate flux, evaporative efficiency, water recovery, and gained output ratio (GOR). Optimization of the parameters were conducted aiming to maximize the permeate flux, water recovery, and GOR of the AGMD module. Membrane distillation and crystallization (MDC) process was then altogether modeled in Aspen Plus software based on the parameter studies of the single and multi-stage AGMD model. The effects of water removal ratio in the crystallizer and NaCl mass fraction of the MD retentate stream on the heat duty of the system were analyzed. The operating condition with the minimum input energy for the current MDC design was determined, and the input energy is 1651.5 kJ/kg-H2O. The process can be further optimized to tremendously reduce the required input energy when the heat stored in the evaporated vapor from the crystallizer is recovered.
Solid state π-π stacking and higher order dimensional crystal packing, reactivity, and electrochemical behaviour of salphenazine actinide and transition metal complexes.

Condensation of a 2,3-diaminophenazine or 2,3-diamino-2-quinoxalinol with two equivalents of 3,5-ditertbutylsalicylaldehyde affords new Schiff base ligands. Here, we describe and compare the synthesis, UV-Vis, electrochemical, solution, and solid state behaviour of the free base, salphenazine ligand [LI], and M[LI] complexes, where M = UO2(VI), Cu(II), VO(IV), Zn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The change in π-overlap and π-stacking between molecules and long-range ordering of the solid-state structure is vastly different depending on the size and electronic character of the metal. A sterically constrained μ-oxo Fe(III) dimer complex is also reported.
Myelokyphectomy in Spina Bifida: The Modified Fackler or Sagittal Shilla Technique

Severe focal kyphosis occurs in approximately 5–10% of infants with myelomeningocele with the apex of the curve centered around the second lumbar vertebra. The kyphosis is fixed in nature and is usually associated with a compensatory thoracic lordosis proximally. Indications for surgery include an impaired sitting balance, recurrent skin ulcerations, respiratory depression, and pain. The modified Fackler or sagittal Shilla technique is used to solve these problems in a child of 9 years of age or younger. It combines aspects of both the Shilla technique described by McCarthy and the originally described Fackler technique for myelokyphosis. The specific steps to performing this procedure include (1) exposure of the midthoracic spine to pelvis with dissection around the gibbus, (2) pedicle screw instrumentation at the 2 vertebrae to be joined, (3) Luque wire instrumentation, (4) removal of vertebral bodies, (5) presacral rod insertion through the sacral foramina, (6) cantilevering and fixation of the rods to the pedicle screws, (7) tensioning the rods to the Luque wires, (8) grafting to create a limited apical fusion, and (9) tension-free wound closure. This procedure is associated with good long-term outcomes including an increased and sustained curve correction, decreased overall surgeries, and height gain.
Study of unbound levels in 10 C via 10 B( 3 He, t)

The unbound level structure of $^{10}\mathrm{C}$ has been studied using the $^{10}\mathrm{B}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, t)^{10}\mathrm{C}$ reaction. Bombarding energy was 38.2 MeV and tritons were detected in an energy-loss spectrometer. In the seven spectra taken, at lab angles from 2.5\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, the broad 6.60 MeV prominence was well fitted by a single Lorentzian-shaped peak, while the 5.28 MeV region was well fitted by two peaks. The excitation energies of these peaks were obtained using known levels in $^{11}\mathrm{C}$, populated from the $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ impurity in the $^{10}\mathrm{B}$ target.
Discourses of Contraction in the Spatialization of Whiteness

AbstractAgricultural communities increasingly have become sites of struggle over identity, belonging and citizenship. While historically the relationship between race and space has been one of segregation and displacement, investigations of these sites of (im)migration reveal new discursive relationships and particular manifestations of whiteness. Adopting a spatial framework, this ethnographic study seeks to de-essentialize whiteneness through an exploration of discourses of contraction articulated by members of a farm community. Contraction refers to white residents’ representation of “Hispanicness” as spreading throughout (and threatening) “their” town, specifically commercial and educational spaces. The implications of contraction include the re-consolidation of white privilege as the “minority” group within a context of spatial integration.
Abstract 2136: Increased risk of Infective Endocarditis in adults with Tetralogy of Fallot and Bicuspid Aortic Valve disease

Background: The new infective endocarditis (IE) guidelines of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC) 2006 and AHA 2007 state that the only high risk cardiac factors requiring dental prophylaxis are previous IE, prosthetic cardiac valves/surgically created shunts or conduits, unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease patients (CHD), or repaired CHD with residual defects. We performed a retrospective analysis of the Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease registry to assess prevalence, anatomy, interventions, and outcomes of IE to determine those at highest risk. Results: Of 2,842 adults in the registry, 135 pts (70 male & 65 female, median age 28 yrs at time of diagnosis) had 157 episodes of IE (157/2842, 6%). Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) accounted for 23%, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) 17%, ventricular septal defect 14%, “single ventricle” physiology 14%, TGA physiology 8%, & double outlet right ventricle 6%. Native valves affected were aortic 46%, mitral 12%, tricuspid 10%, and pulmonic 4%; prosthetic valves/conduits or palliative shunts 17%. Organisms were documented in 54 episodes; Streptococcus Viridans (37%) & Staphylococcus Aureus (7%) predominated. Of 242 TOF pts: there were 37 IE episodes, 31 had sufficient data (44% of identifiable locations were aortic valve, 22% prosthetic conduits, 6% tricuspid valve, 6% mitral valve); median age at diagnosis = 24 yrs, 1:3 male-to-female ratio; 76% had previous cardiac surgery remote from the episode; there was 1 acute (within 6 weeks) death and 3 pts required acute surgery. Of 271 BAV pts: there were 26 episodes of IE (81% on native aortic valves, 15% on aortic valve prostheses), 27% had prior valvuloplasty; median age at IE diagnosis =32 yrs, 9:4 male-to-female ratio; there were no acute deaths; 4 cases required acute surgery. Conclusions: Certain substrates of CHD are known to increase the risk for IE. TOF represents the largest proportion of IE cases in our center, followed next by BAV. Repaired TOF often has residual aortic regurgitation - a substrate for aortic valve IE. In contrast to new AHA and BSAC guidelines, we demonstrate that BAV and operated TOF constitute a high-risk for IE.
The Biology and Politics of Sumatran Tigers: Crash of the Conservation GarudaaaThe story of the Garuda's birth is told in the Mahabharata, one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. According to the epic, the Garuda first appeared as an inferno equal to the conflagration that consumes the world at the end of every age. Indonesia uses the Garuda as its national symbol.

Publisher Summary In 1995, the Sumatran Tiger Project was established to study and protect Indonesia's last Sumatran tigers. The most immediate objective was to catalogue how many tigers and other species lived in the park using a then-new approach that relied on remote infra-red cameras. Over the next five years the Sumatran Tiger Project grew to include more than 20 Indonesian staff, some 40 anti-poaching guards partly funded by the project, a handful of Indonesian university students, and a host of provincial and local forestry counterparts. Various studies indicate that fires directly or indirectly impact tigers significantly by severely modifying or destroying forest habitat, by causing a reduction in prey availability, and by exposing them to severe environmental stress. It also seems reasonable to suggest that fire must be considered as a significant threat to tiger populations, especially in the island's smaller reserves and forest fragments. While biodiversity research, conservation, and education programs frequently rely on “local” knowledge to inform management and policy, with more and more migrants living near wildlife protected areas, care must be taken to understand how human demographic shifts may affect these relationships.
Active terahertz metasurface devices

Metamaterials and metasurfaces have demonstrated many unusual properties that are useful for creating high-performance terahertz devices and components. Integration of functional materials allows metasurfaces to expand their scope of applications. Here we show that hybrid metasurfaces can provide ultrafast modulation of terahertz waves that are critical for future applications in terahertz imaging and communications.
Geographical variation in male territory defence strategies in an avian ring species

Interactions between sexual selection and ecology can drive phenotypic divergence between populations. Geographical variation in female preferences has been linked to ecology in several studies, but much less is known about patterns of geographical variation in male competition. I asked whether male aggressive territorial behaviour varied among three breeding populations of a ring species, the greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides. I measured aggressive response to playbacks of conspecific song at multiple time points to determine how territorial behaviour varied throughout the breeding season both within and between populations. Differences in the abundance and timing of resources necessary for raising offspring can shape male competitive strategies, and competition may consequently vary as a function of resource availability. I therefore combined assays of temporal variation in aggressive behaviour with season-long measures of food abundance, population density and parental provisioning rates. I found that the populations differed in intensity of aggressive response, the seasonal pattern of territoriality and the traits used in territorial responses. Overall intensity of aggression was lowest but most prolonged in the population with the lowest food abundance and highest population density, and males responded to playback primarily by singing. By contrast, birds in the two populations that experienced high food abundance and low population density exhibited a burst of aggressive display behaviour only when females were fertile. The results suggest that territorial strategies vary geographically and respond to limited resources, switching in function from season-long food defence where food is scarce to mate guarding where mates are scarce. Interactions between sexual selection and ecology across large geographical scales may ultimately lead to population divergence. The geographical variation in territorial behaviour observed in the greenish warbler implies that male competition may be an important diversifying force in this system.
Childhood Growth Hormone Deficiency and Hypopituitarism

Hypopituitarism is the deficiency in varying degrees of one or multiple pituitary hormones. In this chapter, GH deficiency (GHD) will be discussed, while other hormonal deficiencies are presented elsewhere in this book. To understand GHD, an understanding of the GH axis is important and follows below.
Cognitive Performance in Adults’ Daily Lives: Is There a Lab-Life Gap?

This article addresses the “lab-life gap” in cognitive aging research as an important issue of ecological validity in developmental research. Older adults often function competently in complex everyday situations despite age-related deficits on laboratory-based cognitive tasks. Therefore, to what extent do lab-based cognitive tasks predict real-life outcomes in older adults? Our review shows that although they are similar, measures of everyday cognitive competence predict relevant outcomes beyond basic measures. We provide our perspective on critical questions concerning the relevance of everyday cognitive tests in our ever-changing world, new methods of everyday cognitive assessment, and whether everyday cognition can be improved.
Mathematical Modeling of THz Point Spread Function and Simulation of THz Imaging Systems

This paper presents a comprehensive theory for cohesive mathematical modeling and simulation of THz imaging systems. For mathematical modeling of the point spread function (PSF), system and transmission variables such as spectrum, absorption coefficient, beam divergence, and depth of focus are incorporated into the Gaussian beam distribution. The raster scanning process is mathematically modeled as the convolution of the object function and the PSF. Simulated transmission THz images are achieved as a result. The simulated THz images, compared to the experimental THz images, show great accuracy in terms of the location of the details and structural similarity.
Role of Anaerobic Blood Cultures in Neonatal Bacteremia.

Background Evaluation for neonatal sepsis routinely includes performing both aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures despite our lack of knowledge of the true incidence of anaerobic bacteremia in this age group and the consequences of not performing these paired cultures. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all blood cultures performed for neonates in a children's hospital. Clinically significant pathogens were defined as microorganisms that rarely are considered to be contaminants, that were recovered from multiple blood cultures or sites, or were considered significant according to the patient's attending physician. The chart of every patient with positive culture results was reviewed for patient characteristics. Results A total of 662 culture sets among 403 patients were obtained between November 1, 2013, and April 30, 2015. A clinically significant organism was isolated from 64 (9.7%) culture sets from 25 patients (1.9% contamination rate). A total of 56 organisms were isolated; 35 (62.5%) grew from both the aerobic and anaerobic bottles, 19 (33.9%) grew from the anaerobic bottle alone, and 2 (3.6%) grew from the aerobic bottle alone. One (0.2%) obligate anaerobic bacterium (Clostridium symbiosum) was identified. Conclusions Although the incidence of anaerobic bacteremia in neonates is rare, anaerobic culture remains important in this population, given the increased yield of both aerobic and facultative anaerobic organisms isolated from anaerobic blood culture bottles.
Distributed control algorithm for optimal power allocation of EV parking lots

This paper proposes a distributed control algorithm for determining the optimal power allocation of EV parking lots. A conventional central controller can be eliminated in order to reduce computational burden, remove single point of failures and improve interoperability. The proposed algorithm can iteratively share and update power mismatch with other parking lots to achieve optimal power allocation. Power mismatch as a shared information does not include any private information; thus, the privacy of the whole system will be improved. In addition, the proposed distributed method is evaluated through two case studies using software simulations.
Development of orthogonal NISTmAb size heterogeneity control methods

The NISTmAb is a monoclonal antibody Reference Material from the National Institute of Standards and Technology; it is a class-representative IgG1κ intended to serve as a pre-competitive platform for harmonization and technology development in the biopharmaceutical industry. The publication series of which this paper is a part describes NIST’s overall control strategy to ensure NISTmAb quality and availability over its lifecycle. In this paper, the development of a control strategy for monitoring NISTmAb size heterogeneity is described. Optimization and qualification of size heterogeneity measurement spanning a broad size range are described, including capillary electrophoresis-sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE-SDS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and flow imaging analysis. This paper is intended to provide relevant details of NIST’s size heterogeneity control strategy to facilitate implementation of the NISTmAb as a test molecule in the end user’s laboratory.
Extracellular adenosine: a critical signal in liver fibrosis

Extracellular adenosine nucleoside is a potent, endogenous mediator that signals through specific G protein-coupled receptors, and exerts pleiotropic effects on liver physiology, in health and disease. Particularly, adenosinergic or adenosine-mediated signaling pathways impact the progression of hepatic fibrosis, a common feature of chronic liver diseases, through regulation of matrix deposition by liver myofibroblasts. This review examines the current lines of evidence on adenosinergic regulation of liver fibrosis and myofibroblasts, identifies unanswered research questions, and proposes important future areas of investigation.
Rapid, High-Level Performance Estimation for DSE Using Calibrated Weight Tables

Automated Design Space Exploration (DSE) is a critical part of system-level design. It relies on performance estimation to evaluate design alternatives. However, since a plethora of design alternatives need to be compared, the run-time of performance estimation itself may pose a bottleneck. In DSE, fastest performance estimation is of essence while some accuracy may be sacrificed. Fast estimation can be realised through capturing application demand, as well as Processing Element (PE) supply (later on called weight table) in a matrix each. Then, performance estimation (retargeting) is reduced to a matrix multiplication. However, defining the weight table from a data sheet is impractical due to the multitude of (micro-) architecture aspects.
V-NetLab: an approach for realizing logically isolated networks for security experiments

Cyber security experiments with potentially malicious software can possibly damage the testbed environment and "escape" into the Internet. Due to this security concern, networks used in such experiments are often totally isolated from production networks and the Internet. This choice, however, precludes remote access to testbeds used for security experiments, thus requiring costly duplication of equipment, manpower and expertise at sites that experiment with malicious software. We propose an alternative approach that is aimed at providing a degree of safety comparable to that of physically isolated testbeds while still permitting remote connectivity. Our approach relies on logical isolation of networks used in different security experiments using network virtualization at the datalink layer. We have implemented this approach into a platform (V-NetLab), and the responses from testbed users have been very positive.
Positron-electron annihilation radiation from the Galactic Center

Evidence and arguments are presented supporting the theory that the 0.511 MeV line observed from the Galactic Center stems from photon-photon pair production near a black hole with a mass not greater than approximately 500 solar masses. Observations are reviewed and the subsequent implications on the annihilation site and the positron source are discussed. Because of the variations and line width of the e(+) - e(-) annihilation radiation from the Galactic Center, positrons must essentially be produced by a single source and annihilate in an ambient gas of density greater than 10 to the 5th/cu cm, an ionization fraction greater than 10 percent, a temperature less than 5 x 10 to the 4th K, and be confined to a region of size less than 10 to the 18th cm. Such conditions may exist in warm clouds and other IR sources within the central parsec of the Galaxy.
Emerging Role of Water Channels in Regulating Cellular Volume During Oxygen Deprivation and Cell Death

In this review, we will discuss how proteinaceous water channels, termed aquaporins (AQPs), regulate water fluxes across plasma membranes within various physiological and pathophysiological contexts. Particular emphasis has been assigned to changes in aquaporin expression in brain matter in response to conditions where oxygen deprivation, such as hypoxia or ischemia, has been experimentally induced. We also discuss the specific role AQPs play in apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, with special interest paid to AQPs in conjunction with potassium channels, and their seemingly interdependent function in regulating downstream apoptotic cascades. Finally, we argue for the possibility of connected aquaporin and potassium channel translocation during apoptotic insults.
The Hydrogen Molecule

We are finally ready to discuss molecules. As we did for atoms, we will consider first the simplest cases to derive some results on which to build. From these we will generalize to obtain rules to be used in the more complicated cases, for which we will not explicitly carry out calculations. The simplest cases are H2+(two protons and one electron) and H2 (two protons and two electrons). Our main goal is to find out what makes these molecules stable, that is, why the energy of H2 is less than the energy of two separated hydrogen atoms. We will then be interested in discussing what determines interatomic (bond) distances, what makes some bonds stronger than others, and so on.
Societal Change and Role Transitions into Adulthood

Of all the primordial bases of social organization, namely age, sex, race (including ethnicity), the least well understood is age. Social scientists have little response to the question: When does age become an important basis of social organization? In which socio-historical circumstances are societal institutions likely to use age as a central criterion in allocating persons to positions and roles and in scheduling access to scarce and valuable resources? In what circumstances do folkways and mores encourage individuals to view themselves and others as following relatively well delineated stages in a life course or as living out their lives according to a normative timetable? All these questions rephrase the same issue—that of the relativity of how time and lives are organized by aspects of collective life. They suggest that at some moments and in some settings, the age-grading and age-stratification of life events and roles are substantially more apparent than in other times and places.
The (n,p) Reaction on Light N=Z Nuclei at 60 MeV

The excitation of highly collective giant resonance states via inelastic electron and hadron scattering has received consi­derable attention recently.1,2 These measurements supplement earlier photo-nuclear3 and nucleon-capture4 data. Population of the analogs of giant resonances by radiative pion5 and muon6 capture and by charge exchange reactions has extended the scope of such studies. Pion capture and charge-exchange reactions with ΔT3 = +1 [e.g. (n,p) and (t,h)] offer the advantage of populating only the analogs of isovector excitations. Charge exchange react­ions also allow the study of cross section variation with momentum transfer via the measurements of angular distributions, and hence determination of resonance multipolarities.
Gravure Printing of Water-based Silver Nanowire ink on Plastic Substrate for Flexible Electronics.

Gravure printing is a promising technique for large-scale printed electronics. However, gravure printing of silver nanowires (AgNWs) so far has been limited in terms of resolution and electrical conductivity. In this study, gravure printing of water-based AgNW ink on a flexible substrate is demonstrated. By tailoring the ink properties, printing conditions and post-printing treatment, gravure printing enables printing of high-resolution, highly conductive AgNW patterns in large areas, with resolution as fine as 50 µm and conductivity as high as 5.34 × 104 S cm−1. The printed AgNW patterns on the flexible substrate show excellent flexibility under repeated bending. All these characteristics demonstrate the excellent potential of gravure printing of AgNWs for developing large-area flexible electronics.
Decision-making, knowledge, and psychosocial outcomes in pediatric siblings identified to donate hematopoietic stem cells.

Purpose: To (a) describe the decision-making experience and psychosocial outcome of sibling hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) donors, and (b) to determine the feasibility of completing a prospective an...
New Short Circuit Failure Mechanism for 1.2kV 4H-SiC MOSFETs and JBSFETs

The short circuit (SC-SOA) capability of power devices is crucial for power systems. In this paper, 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs and JBSFETs are characterized, and their SC-SOA behavior was tested and analyzed. Due to the lower saturated drain current, the JBSFETs were found to have superior SC-SOA compared with MOSFETs despite the integrated Schottky contact. A new short circuit failure mechanism related to melting of the top Al metallization is proposed based up on non-isothermal TCAD numerical simulations supported with SEM measurements of failed die using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis.
Impact of Clostridium difficile infection on gastrointestinal malignancies.

170Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there were half a million documented cases with 83,000 re-infections and 29,000 deaths due to Clostridium Difficile Infec...
Stretching the boundaries of international and intercultural communication research

The idea for this special issue stemmed from the 2017 New Horizons in the Ethnography of Communication Conference, where the keynote address by Donal Carbaugh encouraged a re-examination of the kin...
Control Aware Communication Design for Time Sensitive Wireless Systems

We consider the problem of allocating radio resources over wireless communication links to control a series of independent low-latency wireless control systems common in industrial settings. Supporting wireless control in time sensitive settings requires fast data rates over wireless links, which comes at the cost of reliability. It is challenging to meet both latency and reliability requirements with an equal or arbitrary allocation of resources. We thus propose a novel control-aware approach to the low-latency scheduling problem in which we incorporate control and channel state information in allocating bandwidth and data rates across the wireless links. Control systems that are in desirable states are given modest requirements on error rates, while systems in undesirable states are given more priority. We derive control-aware packet error rate targets for each system to satisfy stability goals and make scheduling decisions to meet such targets while reducing total transmission time. The resulting control-aware based method is tested in simulation experiments that demonstrate its effectiveness in meeting control-based goals under tight latency constraints relative to control-agnostic scheduling.
Comparison of Mortality Rates Between Major League Baseball Players and the General Population

All previous “internal” analyses in this book have compared select groups of Major League Baseball players within the study cohort. To better contextualize the study findings uncovered thus far, it is useful to conduct “external” analyses that compare mortality rates for the study cohort to those for the general population. This can be done using Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) based on US mortality statistics for males in the general population that are race- and age-matched. Previous published studies of elite athletes, including participants in a range of international sports as well as research addressing professional baseball, football, and basketball players, provide consistent evidence that athletes fare significantly better mortality-wise relative to general populations.
Safety and Efficacy of Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Background Although there is a large body of evidence demonstrating the safety and efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in adults, little is known regarding the safety and efficacy of MMS in children and adolescents. Methods The authors searched all publications from 1993 to 2018 reporting on the use of MMS for the treatment of cutaneous neoplasms in patients aged 0 to 18 years. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, outcomes, and complications were extracted from each report. Results Forty-one publications describing 58 patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 8.3 years, and the most commonly treated tumor was dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. There were no recurrences noted at a mean follow-up of 2 years. Two (3.4%) patients experienced complications after MMS. Conclusion In this systematic review, the authors present aggregate data demonstrating high safety and efficacy of MMS in children and adolescents. Further research is necessary to develop guidelines for the use of MMS in children and adolescents.
The role of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in sequestering phosphorus compounds and trace elements: Speciation and dynamics

Abstract In southern Florida, the sequestering of nutrients through the cultivation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in alternation with sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) crops is an essential step in minimizing downstream eutrophication of the Florida Everglades. Phosphorus (P) is known to be the leading cause of this eutrophication; however, the cultivation/harvesting of rice effectively reduces P and additional macro and micro-nutrients from agrarian soil and runoff through plant uptake. In this study, soil, water, sugarcane, and rice plants at two different stages (flooded and vegetative) were analyzed for twelve different elements (Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Ca, Mn, Mg, and P) by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of the rice plants confirmed ten different P compounds being transported and/or transformed throughout the entirety of the sugarcane and rice plants. On average, dried rice plants contained 1677 ± 14 mg-P, of which 1277 ± 3.0 mg-P was in the panicle at the vegetative stage. Harvesting of the rice panicle has the potential to remove about 14.7 kg-P/ha for the top 10 cm of the soil. This present study demonstrates that in rotations with sugarcane crops and with no added P fertilizer, rice cultivation can reduce considerable amounts of P that would otherwise leach into the Greater Everglades from the Everglades Agricultural Area.
Unsatisfied contraceptive preferences due to cost among women in the United States.

Abstract Objectives To examine prevalence and characteristics associated with cost barriers to preferred contraceptive use. Study design Among a nationally representative sample of women at risk of unplanned pregnancy in 2015–2017, we used Poisson regression to assess characteristics associated preferring a(nother) method in the absence of cost. Results Overall, 22% preferred to use a(nother) method. Women using less-effective methods, who were Black or Hispanic, ages 15–24 and had low incomes, were more likely to report cost barriers. Conclusions Using a preferred method is an indicator of access to care and reproductive autonomy. These results provide a benchmark to track the impact of policy changes.
Dronabinol Prescribing and Exposure Among Children and Young Adults Diagnosed with Cancer.

Purpose: The therapeutic utility of Cannabis in cancer is a topic of intense interest. Dronabinol is synthetic Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, and is approved for treating refractory chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Little is known about dronabinol prescribing in children and young adults, and no published concentration data are available. This study evaluated national level dronabinol use and assessed concentrations of THC and its primary metabolites in patients with cancer <27 years of age prescribed dronabinol. Methods: Observational review of records from the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) and a regional network of hospitals in the Intermountain West, including a tertiary care children's hospital, Primary Children's Hospital (PCH), for inpatients <27 years of age prescribed dronabinol. Prospective blood samples were collected from children with cancer at PCH. Results: Across PHIS institutions, overall dronabinol prescribing aligned with the pharmacy records for those with cancer (p < 0.0001), and of these, 10.4% received dronabinol as inpatients. Blood collected within 72 hours of dronabinol administration was available from 10 children with a median age of 12.5 (range 6-17) years. Quantifiable concentrations were found in 4 (13%), 6 (20%), and 1 (3%) samples assayed for THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (COOH-THC), and 11-hydroxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (OH-THC), respectively. THC concentrations ranged between 0.100 and 0.128 ng/mL and were not associated with dose. Conclusion: Dronabinol prescribing appears exclusive to patients diagnosed with cancer, and its use has increased steadily in the past decade. In a small sample of children administered dronabinol, THC and metabolite concentrations were consistently low or undetectable.
Breathing new life into the rational design of Alzheimer's therapeutics.

γ-secretase is a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease, but all inhibitors and modulators have failed due to toxicity or low efficacy. In this issue of Cell, Yang et al. provide cryo-EM structures of γ-secretase bound to three inhibitors and a modulator, giving new promise to targeting γ-secretase therapeutically.
Aβ (Amyloid Beta) and Tau Tangle Pathology Modifies the Association Between Small Vessel Disease and Cortical Microinfarcts.

Background and Purpose: There is increasing recognition of the importance of cortical microinfarcts to overall brain health, cognition, and Alzheimer dementia. Cerebral small vessel pathologies are...
Ethane to liquids via a chemical looping approach – Redox catalyst demonstration and process analysis

Abstract The inability to economically transport ethane from distributed shale gas production sites results in the “rejection”, i.e. flaring or reinjection, of this important petrochemical feedstock. Therefore, a technology capable of efficiently converting geographically isolated ethane into transportable liquid fuels would effectively exploit this abundant yet wasted resource. We proposed a modular ethane-to-liquids (M−ETL) system that employs a chemical looping-oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) scheme to convert ethane into olefins via cyclic redox reactions. The olefins would subsequently undergo oligomerization to form mid-distillate liquid fuels. In this study, a sodium molybdate promoted CaTi0.1Mn0.9O3 core-shell redox catalyst (CaTi0.1Mn0.9O3@Na2MoO4) is presented as a potentially viable, redox-active catalyst for the CL-ODH of ethane to ethylene. Performance data were collected from 1,600 + hours (>4,000CL-ODH cycles) of packed bed operations at varying temperatures and space velocities. 52 – 58% single-pass olefin yields at 725 and 730 °C were obtained with relatively low (2.5 – 8%) COx selectivity. The experimental data were used as inputs to an ASPEN Plus® based M−ETL system model to evaluate its performance. Sensitivity analyses were performed on the CL-ODH and oligomerization sections of the M−ETL system, and the results were used to inform economic analysis of the process. The techno-economic analysis (TEA) indicates that the introduction of recycle to the system provides flexibility for profit generation for both high (Xethane = 0.75) and low (Xethane = 0.58) conversion cases. Additionally, TEA results demonstrate that electrical cogeneration can be economically attractive under certain scenarios.
Untethering Single Molecule Spectroscopy with 3D-SMART

Measuring the behavior of single molecules enables the discovery of states and dynamics obscured by bulk measurements. However, molecules in solution rapidly diffuse in three dimensions, precluding long-duration and high-temporal resolution measurement. To overcome this hurdle, we have developed 3D single-molecule active real-time tracking (3D-SMART) which enables active feedback tracking of rapidly diffusing (exceeding 10 μm2/sec) and lowly emitting fluorescent (rates of 10 kHz or less) particles. Here we demonstrate the application of 3D-SMART to a range targets, from single virus-like particles and quantum dots in water, all the way down to single fluorophores in viscous solution. This new single molecule tracking can be applied to continuously monitor single proteins and nucleic acids, including real-time measurement of transcription on a freely diffusing, single-dye labelled DNA strand. 3D-SMART represents a critical step towards the untethering of single molecule spectroscopy.
Geographic access disparities of clinical trials in neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the United States.

Purpose To identify geographic and socioeconomic variables predictive of residential proximity to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) clinical trial locations. Design Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Methods Census-tract level data from public datasets and trial-level data from ClinicalTrials.gov were analyzed. Main outcome measures We calculated the driving distance (>60 miles) and time (>60 minutes) from the population-weighted United States (US) census tract centroid to the nearest clinical trial site. Results We identified 42 trials studying nAMD across 829 unique clinical trial sites in the US. In a multivariable model, driving distance >60 miles had a significant association with rural location [adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.86-7.96, p 60 miles to the nearest nAMD trial site were associated with census tracts with a higher percentage of blacks (aOR 0.98; 95% CI 0.97-0.99, p 60 minutes. Conclusions There are geographic access disparities of clinical trial sites for nAMD in the United States.
Fracture Analysis of Clamped Tapered Beam Specimen under Static Loading by Regularized Extended Finite Element Method in Abaqus Implementation

The Regularized eXtended Finite Element Method (Rx-FEM) with Abaqus implementation is introduced and applied to modeling fracture in laminated composites involving initiation and evolution of matrix cracking and delamination, their interaction and delamination migration. The proposed implementation in Abaqus consists of a technique for modeling the mesh-independent transverse matrix cracks within each ply as well as the delaminations between plies. A mixed-mode cohesive constitutive model is applied for delamination and matrix cracking evolution. The capabilities of the proposed implementation are validated by comparing with the experimental data of the clamped tapered beam sub-element specimen under static loading, which was designed by NASA to study the matrix crack and delamination initiation, propagation, and subsequent crack-induced delamination migration from one ply interface to another. The simulation of the failure path accurately captures significant characteristics of the sequence of damage events observed in the experiments, and the predictions show a good quantitative agreement for stiffness, peak failure load, and the delamination migration location.