cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Voiding dynamics in women: a comparison of pressure-flow studies between asymptomatic and incontinent women

Abstract Objectives. To define the normative values for pressure-flow studies in asymptomatic women and to compare them with the values in women with stress incontinence. Methods. Asymptomatic women between the ages of 30 and 70 years were recruited from the community to undergo urodynamic studies (UDSs). Only women with no or minimal symptoms on the Urogenital Distress Inventory Questionnaire, minimal pelvic organ prolapse, and no previous surgery for incontinence were included. The results of the pressure-flow studies were compared with the values from women evaluated for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) between December 1998 and August 2000. Results. Twenty asymptomatic women (mean age 41.7 years) met the inclusion criteria of the 59 who applied. Their pressure-flow data were compared with that of 40 women with symptoms of pure SUI selected from the 415 who underwent UDSs during this period, 16 of whom were found to have SUI during the UDS. The average maximal flow was 17.2 ± 6.7 mL/s in the control population and 22.0 ± 6.8 mL/s among women with genuine SUI during the UDS ( P = 0.039). The detrusor pressure at the maximal flow averaged 24 ± 10 cm H 2 O and 16.0 ± 8.6 cm H 2 O for the control and SUI groups, respectively ( P = 0.016). The voided volumes were somewhat higher for the SUI group (330 versus 419 mL, P = 0.041). Conclusions. These findings confirm the normative pressure-flow data in women and suggest that women with stress incontinence void at a lower detrusor pressure. A chronically reduced outlet resistance during bladder filling, which likely contributes to SUI, also appears to affect the voiding phase in stress-incontinent women.
Pharmaceutical R&D Productivity: The Role of Alliance

In recent years, the major research-intensive biopharmaceutical companies (big pharma) have come face to face with a perfect storm of eroding profit margins from blockbuster expiration and generic competition coupled with growing R&D expenses and declining advances in truly novel therapeutics. With long-term research divisions shed in favor of short-term outsourcing options and with public good will at historic lows, industry innovators have sought to reinvent the model of big pharma, its relationship in public-private partnerships, and the role of technology and technology policy in reform. In this paper, we highlight a number of the major alliances reshaping the industry and the role of government, research institutions, and other players in the public-private interface in these endeavors. In particular, this paper looks beyond traditional biotechnology parternships and focuses instead on the developing consortia between biopharmaceutical companies and with clinical research organizations and academic institutions. We examined each alternative model of alliance, identified specific hurdles and potentials for increased productivity.
Stuttering as Simultaneous Admission and Denial

Since the following chapter concludes with a summary, there is no need to provide one in this introduction. Nor do I find anything in the text itself which calls for special comment — so will make none.
Optical frequency domain reflectometry for high-resolution distributed strain sensing

Commercially available OFDR technology provides high-resolution distributed strain measurements using standard optical fiber. These measurements are shown to correlate well with other standard measurement methods and theoretical models of simple structures.
A simple system to determine who needs osteoporosis screening.

Abstract Objective: To define factors that identify patients at highest risk for osteoporosis who should be screened. Methods: We gave a questionnaire we developed for osteoporosis risk factors to 1346 menopausal women who were being screened by bone densitometry at the spine, hip, and femoral neck. Chi-square analysis using the one-tailed test was done on all categoric variables to determine differences or patterns in bone mineral density at specific sites. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done on each of the three sites scanned to determine which combination of independent variables was a significant predictor of the presence or absence of osteoporosis. Results: Factors identified that were significant for the presence of osteoporosis were age 61 years or older, weight 165 pounds or less, or lack of any use of estrogen, either oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy. Conclusion: We devised a simple system to identify which patients should be screened for osteoporosis.
Soil erosion and perception of the problem

Abstract Most efforts to reduce soil erosion have included an educational component designed to make farmers aware of their erosion problem. These strategies implicitly assume that once farmers become aware of an erosion problem, they will take appropriate action. It is recognized that various social and economic factors influence the adoption process at a later stage, but their influence on perception of the problem has not been explored. This analysis indicates that perception of a soil erosion problem may be influenced more by social and economic factors than by the actual extent of the problem. Perception of environmental problems, therefore, is based not only on awareness, but also on the ability to do something about the problem. Therefore, structural constraints influence both the adoption of conservation practices and perception of an environmental problem. It is suggested that if an effective soil conservation program is to be developed, we must understand the unique problems, interests, and goals of farmers.
Utilizing a Digital Model to Determine the Hydraulic Properties of a Layered Aquifer

The hydraulic characteristics of a layered ground-water system are determined by a modified digital model. Its use provides information on the hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient of a stratum and on the transmissivity and storage coefficient of the ground-water system as a whole. These characteristics are determined by trial-and-error test runs until the calculated drawdowns reasonably match drawdown data from observation wells which are open to the artesian aquifer and to the confining beds above or below. An aquifer test of a layered ground-water system in Palm Beach County, Florida shows that the transmissivity of the ground-water system as a whole is 50 percent higher than just the transmissivity of the major water-bearing zone in this system.
The Immune Response to Class I-Associated Tumor-Specific Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Antigens

In order to determine whether the neoplastic T cells from patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma express tumor-specific antigens that can serve as the targets of an immune response, we took advantage of family-specific monoclonal antibodies, magnetic bead technology, and recombinant cytokines, which provided the previously precluded ability to isolate and expand populations of purified tumor and autologous CD8 cytotoxic T cells. Four patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma had CD8 cells that specifically killed autologous tumor in a class I limited fashion. Tumor cell cytolysis could be specifically enhanced by pre-culture with autologous γ -irradiated tumor. The cytolytic T cells produced tumor necrosis factor- α in response to stimulation with autologous tumor. The presence of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells recognizing distinctive class I associated molecules on cutaneous T-cell lymphoma tumor cells suggests that infiltration of early lesions by CD8 cells reflects host immunity to the neoplasm. These studies provide the foundation for the development of tumor vaccines through the use of cytotoxic T cells to isolate and characterize tumor-associated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma peptides.
High β plasma in the dynamic Jovian current sheet

The equatorial current sheet, which Pioneer 10 repeatedly encountered on its outbound pass through the Jovian magnetosphere, frequently was associated with intense fluxes of energetic protons. Simultaneous observations of the changes in the energetic proton flux and in the magnetic-field magnitude demonstrate that the current sheet is embedded in a high-beta plasma in which high-energy (above 60 keV) ions frequently are the dominant constituents. Large differences in the plasma temperature and the thickness of this plasma sheet between encounters only 10 hours apart indicate that the Jovian plasma sheet is very dynamic on a time scale of hours. Occasional observations of significant temporal variations in the magnetic field and particle populations during periods within the plasma sheet may represent in situ observations of Jovian magnetic disturbances. Comparison with previous observations suggests that low-energy (not more than 5 keV) plasma contributes less than 3% to the current-sheet energy density.
Post-Fordist Desires: The Commodity Aesthetics of Bangkok Sex Shows

This essay investigates the political economy of sexuality through an interpretation of sex shows for foreigners in Bangkok, Thailand. Reading these performances as both symptoms of, and analytical commentaries on, Western consumer desire, the essay suggests the ‘pussy shows’ parody the mass production that was a hallmark of Western masculine identity under Fordism. This reading makes a case for the erotic generativity of capitalism, illuminating how Western, post-Fordist political economy of the post-1970s generated demand for these erotic services in Asia and how Western, heterosexual masculine desire is integrated into global capitalist circuits.
Perceptions of Repressed Memories: A Reappraisal

College students read a trial summary of a sexual abuse case. The victim in the case either claimed that (a) her memory for the abuse had been repressed for 20 years and only recently recovered during therapy, or (b) she consciously remembered the abuse for 20 years but never discussed it until recently in therapy. Participants were significantly more likely to convict the defendant when the testimony was described as nonrepressed (67%) versus repressed (58%). This effect was not modified by the age of the victim at the time the alleged abuse occurred (either 3, 8, or 13 years of age), although the younger and older victims were significantly less believable than the 8-year-old victim. Compared to female participants, male participants were significantly less likely to convict the defendant and rated the victim as significantly less believable. These findings are discussed in the context of recent research on juror reactions to repressed memory testimony.
Legacy of a pioneer African American educator.

Purpose: The purpose was to reconstruct the historical and legendary contribution of one exemplary African American physical education teacher educator who lived and worked in the Deep South prior to and immediately following the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education court case. The following questions guided data collection and analysis: To what extent was the participant marginalized in his profession and within the community? How were the participant's life experiences influenced by stereotype threat? To what degree did self-efficacy help mediate marginalization and stereotype threat? Method: The participant in this study was Dr. Archie Wade, a retired professor of physical education teacher education from the University of Alabama. A life-history methodology was used. Data were collected primarily through semistructured interviews and were analyzed using qualitative methods. Results: Key findings were that Wade faced race-based marginalization throughout his life. He dealt with stereotype threat but was no...
A measurement method of voltage properties on main switchboard busbars - tools and preliminary results

In this paper preliminary and exemplary results are presented of voltage analysis on busbars of the main switchboard. Special attention was paid to voltage and its frequency deviation from their nominal values as well as to different voltage waveform distortions. The research contains measurement results of two electrical power systems: of a ro-ro ship and ferry ship. The analysis was carried out offline on the basis of voltage samples from different states of ship exploitation. The analyzed electrical power systems and measurement devices are also described.
New Simple Method of Micrurgy on Living Cells

A SIMPLE method has been developed whereby micrurgy on living cells such as nuclear transplantation and cytoplasmic injection in amoebae can be performed with greater ease and rapidity. The present method differs from those used currently1–4 in that the need for a micro-hook to hold cells and the use of mineral oil (liquid paraffin) to prevent the evaporation of culture medium are eliminated. This is done by placing the cells on an agar surface. When the excess medium surrounding the cells is withdrawn, they remain firmly attached during operations. The agar gel apparently replaces the medium that evaporates, and there is no damage to the cells during the period required for micrurgy. Thus, for example, nuclei are transplanted between amoebae in open drops with a micro-probe alone.
Casuistry: Case-based Reasoning for the Ethical Journalist

Boeyink, D. E., & Borden, S. L. (2010). Making hard choices in journalism ethics: Cases and practice. New York, NY: Routledge. 210 pp., $39.95 (Pbk). In a 2008 article in the Journal of Mass Media ...
Structure and magnetic properties of [Cr(en)2(ox)][Cr(en)(ox)2]·2H2O,Δ-[Cr(en)3]Δ-[Cr(ox)3] and Δ-[Co(en)3]Δ-[Cr(ox)3]

Abstract Interactions between metal ion complexes in the compounds Δ-[Cr(en)3]Δ-[Cr(ox)3] and Δ-[Co(en)3]Δ-[Cr(ox)3] have been investigated by X-ray crystallography and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Crystals of both compounds are hexagonal and are isostructural with the known Δ-[Co(en)3]Δ-[Rh(ox)3] [Inorg. Chem. 30 (1991) 4954] with chains of alternating anions and cations parallel to the crystallographic c-axis. The susceptibility behavior suggests that magnetic interactions are stronger in Δ-[Cr(en)3]Δ-[Cr(ox)3] where both anion and cation are paramagnetic than in Δ-[Co(en)3]Δ-[Cr(ox)3] where only the anion is paramagnetic. Single crystal studies with the former compound reveal that magnetic interactions along the c-axis chains, where the Cr–Cr distances are shortest, are weaker than those involving off-axis interactions. Magnetic measurements were also made on [Cr(en)2(ox)][Cr(en)(ox)2]·2H2O. The structure of this compound has been previously reported.
Storm time global thermosphere: A driven-dissipative thermodynamic system

[1] Orbit-averaged mass densities and exospheric temperatures ∞ inferred from measurements by accelerometers on the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites are used to investigate global energy Eth and power Πth inputs to the thermosphere during two complex magnetic storms. Measurements show , ∞, and Eth rising from and returning to prevailing baselines as the magnetospheric electric field ɛVS and the Dst index wax and wane. Observed responses of Eth and ∞ to ɛVS driving suggest that the storm time thermosphere evolves as a driven-but-dissipative thermodynamic system, described by a first-order differential equation that is identical in form to that governing the behavior of Dst. Coupling and relaxation coefficients of the Eth, ∞, and Dst equations are established empirically. Numerical solutions of the equations for ∞ and Eth are shown to agree with GRACE data during large magnetic storms. Since ∞ and Dst have the same ɛVS driver, it is possible to combine their governing equations to obtain estimates of storm time thermospheric parameters, even when lacking information about interplanetary conditions. This approach has the potential for significantly improving the performance of operational models used to calculate trajectories of satellites and space debris and is also useful for developing forensic reconstructions of past magnetic storms. The essential correctness of the approach is supported by agreement between thermospheric power inputs calculated from both GRACE-based estimates of Eth and the Weimer Poynting flux model originally derived from electric and magnetic field measurements acquired by the Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite.
TinCan: User-Defined P2P Virtual Network Overlays for Ad-hoc Collaboration

Virtual private networking (VPN) has become an increasingly important component of a collaboration environment because it ensures private, authenticated communication among participants, using existing collaboration tools, where users are distributed across multiple institutions and can be mobile. The majority of current VPN solutions are based on a centralized VPN model, where all IP traffic is tunneled through a VPN gateway. Nonetheless, there are several use case scenarios that require a model where end-to-end VPN links are tunneled upon existing Internet infrastructure in a peer-to-peer (P2P) fashion, removing the bottleneck of a centralized VPN gateway. We propose a novel virtual network — TinCan — based on peerto-peer private network tunnels. It reuses existing standards and implementations of services for discovery notification (XMPP), reflection (STUN) and relaying (TURN), facilitating configuration. In this approach, trust relationships maintained by centralized (or federated) services are automatically mapped to TinCan links. In one use scenario, TinCan allows unstructured P2P overlays connecting trusted end-user devices — while only requiring VPN software on user devices and leveraging online social network (OSN) infrastructure already widely deployed. This paper describes the architecture and design of TinCan and presents an experimental evaluation of a prototype supporting Windows, Linux, and Android mobile devices. Results quantify the overhead introduced by the network virtualization layer, and the resource requirements imposed on services needed to bootstrap TinCan links.
Site Notation-1

Using site analysis in the process of architectural design typically results in benign data collection and nominal graphic notation. Site Notation-1 critiques the normative methods of site analysis by employing photographic technology to make dynamic and imaginative interpretations. Digital images (satellite and street photos) provide a new medium to construe the landscape. The paintings and drawings in Site Notation-1 activate architectural diagramming techniques to interpret and construct visual narratives. The diagrams are a means to think in different tenses (past, present, and future) and scales (macro and micro). For example, the notation of 1 (from a Louis Kahn story) indicates the potential for contemplating the site’s prehistory and, equally, a sites’ potential.
Bacterial Cell Wall: Thinking Globally, Actin Locally

The bacterial actin-like protein MreB is thought to form a continuous helical polymer at the membrane to confer rod shape. Two new studies now show that MreB forms discrete dynamic patches that travel circumferentially.
Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Retention Indices To Estimate Environmental Partitioning Properties for a Complete Set of Diesel Fuel Hydrocarbons

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) provides nearly complete composition data for some complex mixtures such as petroleum hydrocarbons. However, the potential wealth of physical property information contained in the corresponding two-dimensional chromatograms is largely untapped. We developed a simple but robust method to estimate GC×GC retention indices for diesel-range hydrocarbons. By exploiting n-alkanes as reference solutes in both dimensions, calculated retention indices were insensitive to uncertainty in the enthalpy of gas−stationary-phase transfer for a suite of representative diesel components. We used the resulting two-dimensional retention indices to estimate the liquid vapor pressures, aqueous solubilities, air−water partition coefficients, octanol−water partition coefficients, and vaporization enthalpies of a nearly complete set of diesel fuel hydrocarbons. Partitioning properties were typically estimated within a factor of 2; this is not as accurate as some previous est...
Parametric study of manned aerocapture. I - Earth return from Mars

A parametric study of the Earth return aerocapture for a manned Mars mission is described. The variation of entry corridor width and stagnation-point heating with vehicle arrival velocity, lift-to-drag ratio (L/D), and ballistic coefficient (m/CjyA) are examined. To maximize corridor widths, the aerocapture maneuvers employ variable bank-angle trajectories. Vehicles with an L/D of 0.5 or more are found to provide a corridor width of at least 0.7 deg while keeping the peak deceleration load below 5 g for approach velocities up to 14.5 km/s. Vehicle convective heating calculations are performed assuming a fully catalytic "cold" wall; radiative heating is computed assuming that the shock layer is in thermochemical equilibrium. As expected, heating rates are great enough to require ablative thermal protection systems in all cases. Stagnation-point peak heating rates and integrated heat load are shown to depend critically on both entry velocity and ballistic coefficient. For the most severe cases considered, peak heating and integrated heat load are several times greater than those encountered by Apollo but within the range of experience for unmanned vehicles.
Solovyov : Chaos and All-unity

The paper discusses several issues of Solovyov’s ontology and theology including the metaphysics of all-unity ; original but contentious doctrine of creation ; the problem of the Fall and the restoration of all-unity ; the problem of the omnipresence of consciousness.
Selection of Motor Equipment by Principle of Similar Speed-Time Curves

Data for making preliminary estimates of speed of cars required and capacity of motor to do a given service have been rather limited. The object of this paper is to show a method whereby it is possible to provide curves which are simple to calculate and easy to apply. No mathematical formula has ever been derived to express the speed-time or current-time curves for a railway motor. Similarity between speed-time curves has been resorted to and this paper shows how this method can be used to give very accurate results by proper consideration of the various factors which influence the shape of the speed-time curve. Previous methods for estimating motor capacities are based on the horsepower of motor required, but with the advent of the self-ventilated and blown motors it is necessary to calculate the r. m. s. current for a given cycle and select a motor having this continuous rating. A method for doing this is proposed, based on similar current-time curves. The limiting values of average running speeds for given rates of acceleration and braking, and the data for obtaining motor capacity necessary at these limits are indicated on each curve. This helps one to visualize why it is not practicable to perform certain schedules on a fixed rate of acceleration and braking basis.
ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA CAUSING FEMINIZATION IN AN ADULT MALE: HORMONAL CONSIDERATIONS, AND RESULTS OF HETEROTRANSPLANTATION OF THE TUMOR IN GUINEA PIGS

A 46-year-old man with an adrenocortical carcinoma is reported, in whom there was clinical evidence of feminization and increased urinary excretion of estrogens. Urinary 17-ketosteroids, 7-hydroxycorticoids and pregnanediol were also increased. Postoperatively libido returned to normal and gynecomastia subsided. The adrenal tumor of this patient was successfully transplanted into the anterior chamber of the guinea-pig eye. Transplants of the tumor maintained their ability to secrete estrogens, and regressed following x-irradiation.
Identification of Levels of Self-Identity

Beginning with an open-ended technique in which subjects suggested attributes of self-identity, a forced-choice instrument for measuring the centrality of self-attributes was developed. 143 undergr...
International Conference on Water and Human Health

The following paper was presented by Dr. Abel Wolman at the Plenary Session of the 22nd Annual Conference of the American Water Resources Association in Atlanta, Georgia, November 10, 1986. Dr. Wolman is Professor Emeritus of Sanitary Engineering at The Johns Hopkins University. He was educated at Johns Hopkins and has received an Honorary Doctor of Engineering (1937) and Honorary Doctor of Laws (1969) from his alma mater. Dr. Wolman held a number of positions before joing the faculty of The Johns Hopkins University as Professor and Chairman of the Department of Sanitary Engineering (1937–1959). He has served as consultant for many studies and projects, in the United States and overseas, and has a long-term record of service to communities, states and governments. A long list of awards and honors include the Sedgwick Memorial Award, APHA; Arthur Sidney Bedell Award, WPCF; Hemisphere Award, inter-American Association of Sanitary Engineers; U.S. Award of the National Medal of Science; Tyler Award, Ecological Society of America; Ben Gurion Award from the State of israel; and the Gordon Maskew Fair Award, WPCA. He is author, co-author or editor of four books and over 3000 technical publications, most in refereed journals.
Pion condensate. Photon mass generation in presence of heavy ions

Abstract It is shown that the pion-photon coupling, when there is a pion condensation, gives rise to a Chern-Simons type term. This leads to an anisotropic topological mass generation for the photon. The anisotropy is the result of two of the spatial dimensions treated differently than the third. The possibility that this phenomenon could take place during heavy-ion collisions is examined in an attempt to explain the anomalous observed MeV e + e − peaks.
A universal, photocleavable DNA base: nitropiperonyl 2'-deoxyriboside.

A universal, photochemically cleavable DNA base analogue would add desirable versatility to a number of methods in molecular biology. A novel C-nucleoside, nitropiperonyl deoxyriboside (NPdR, P*), has been investigated for this purpose. NPdR can be converted to its 5‘-DMTr-3‘-CE-phosphoramidite and was incorporated into pentacosanucleotides by conventional synthesis techniques. The destabilizing effect on hybrid formation with a complementary strand when this P* base opposes A, T, and G was found to be 3−5 kcal/mol, but 9 kcal/mol when it opposes C. Brief irradiation (λ > 360 nm, 20 min) of DNA containing the P* base and piperidine treatment causes strand cleavage giving the 3‘- and 5‘-phosphates. Two significant recent interests, universal/non-hydrogen-bonding base analogues and photochemical backbone cleavage, have thus been combined in a single molecule that serves as a light-based DNA scissors.
Stability of moving surfaces in fluid systems with heat and mass transport III. Stability of displacement fronts in porous media

In these experiments the effect of experimental pyelonephritis on the distri-ution of B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphoid sites in the rat has been determined and the functional capacity of T cells during the course of infection has been investigated. The studies have shown that renal infection affects the distribution of lymphocytes and has a marked effect on the functional capacity of splenic T lymphocytes early in infection. Most of the lymphocytes forming the round cell infiltrate in the kidney have been identified as thymus-derived lymphocytes on their surface labelling characteristics. Evidence is presented to demonstrate the inability of T lymphocytes to function normally in the environment of the kdiney. It is suggested that ablation of cell-mediated immunity may be a factor contributing to the persistence of renal infection.
Allelic Variation in the D4 Dopamine Receptor (DRD4) Gene Does Not Predict Response to Clozapine

Objective: To test the hypothesis that interindividual differences in response to clozapine therapy might be attributable to the D 4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) alleles they carry. Different alleles of the D 4 dopamine receptor, coded by the DRD4 gene, differ in the affinity with which they bind the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine in vitro. This may have physiologic implications. Clinical response to clozapine therapy varies among patients. The observation that, in vitro, clozapine binds the protein products of different DRD4 alleles with differing affinity characteristics suggested this hypothesis. Method: The region of the DRD4 gene that encodes the putative third cytoplasmic loop of the D 4 receptor contains a 48—base pair sequence repeated a variable number of times. With use of polymerase chain reaction amplification, we assessed this variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism in a series of schizophrenic and schizoaffective subjects who had been treated with clozapine, and related genotype with treatment response, to test the hypothesis that DRD4 alleles lead to varying response to clozapine. Results: Allelic variation at the DRD4 locus does not predict clinical response to clozapine relative to either fluphenazine hydrochloride or placebo in subjects with treatment-refractory schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Conclusions: DRD4 alleles do not predict therapeutic response to clozapine in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. There are implications from these data for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the machanism of clozapine's therapeutic effect are discussed.
Uninsured hospitalizations: rural and urban differences.

ABSTRACT: Context: Few studies have examined hospitalization patterns among the uninsured, especially from the perspective of rural and urban differences. Purpose: To examine whether the patterns of uninsured hospitalizations differ in rural and urban hospitals and to identify the most prevalent and costly diagnoses among uninsured hospitalizations. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample representing a total of 37,804,021 hospital discharges, with 4.9% of them generated by uninsured persons in 2002. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics and the proportion of frequent and costly diagnoses by rural and urban hospitals. We used multiple logistic regression models to examine the relationship between preventable conditions and rural and urban hospitals among uninsured hospitalizations. Findings: Uninsured persons discharged from rural hospitals were more likely than their urban counterparts to be working-age adults (82% vs 79%) and to reside in a ZIP code area with a median household income of less than $35,000 per year (56% vs 26%). Rural uninsured hospitalizations were more likely to be for preventable conditions than were urban uninsured hospitalizations (P < .001). The proportion of total hospital charges related to preventable hospitalizations was 15.5% in rural hospitals versus 10.0% in urban hospitals. Conclusions: The patterns of uninsured hospitalizations in rural and urban hospitals were different in many ways. Providing adequate access to primary care could result in potential savings related to preventable hospitalizations for the uninsured, especially for rural hospitals.
Unmasking electronic energy transfer of conjugated polymers by suppression of O(2) quenching

The photochemistry of poly[2-methoxy, 5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-p-phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) has been found to be highly dependent on the presence of O2, which increases singlet exciton quenching dramatically. Spectroscopy on isolated single molecules of MEH-PPV in polycarbonate films that exclude O2 reveals two distinct polymer conformations with fluorescence maxima near 555 and 580 nanometers wavelength, respectively. Time-resolved single-molecule data demonstrate that the 580-nanometer conformation exhibits a “landscape” for intramolecular electronic energy relaxation with a “funnel” that contains a 580-nanometer singlet exciton trap at the bottom. The exciton traps can be converted to exciton quenchers by reaction with O2. Conformationally induced, directed-energy transfer is arguably a critical dynamical process that is responsible for many of the distinctive photophysical properties of conjugated polymers.
Applying a computational micromechanics model to the hypothesis of polarization response in ionic polymers

It has recently been theorized that the initial fast electro-mechanical response of ionic-polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) may be due to a polarization mechanism, while transport dominates the relaxation response. In order to investigate this hypothesis, a computational micromechanics model has been developed to model polarization response in these ionomeric transducers. Assuming a constant solvated state, the model tracks the rotation of individual dipoles within a given cluster in response to dipole-dipole interaction, mechanical stiffness of the pendant chain, and external electrical field loading. Once the system of dipoles reaches equilibrium in response to loading, net polarization/distortion response is recorded. Actuation predictions using the polarization model are consistent with the experimentally observed fast response of these materials.
Aspirin-Sensitive Asthma

Aspirin intolerance is particularly common in asthmatic patients who additionally have chronic rhinitis and/or nasal polyps. These individuals differ in several respects from patients who experience urticaria and/or angioedema after aspirin administration, and differing mechanisms may be involved. Data regarding the latter are indirect and incomplete, but suggest that ASA-sensitive asthma is most likely to be related in some manner to the capacity of ASA to inhibit cyclooxygenases, enhanced lipoxygenase metabolism perhaps playing a crucial role. Current research employing ASA "desensitization" may help to elucidate these enigmas.
College Women and Breast Cancer: Knowledge, Behavior, and Beliefs Regarding Risk Reduction

Abstract Background: Although breast cancer prevention should begin in youth, many young women are not aware of the modifiable lifestyle risk factors for the disease. Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the breast cancerrelated knowledge, behaviors, and beliefs of young women; to determine whether knowledge about lifestyle risks was related to risk-reducing behaviors; and to determine whether value expectancy constructs could predict risk-reducing behaviors. Method: Surveys assessing knowledge, behaviors, beliefs, and demographics were administered to 522 college women. Results: The majority of the participants lacked knowledge about the lifestyle risk factors for breast cancer, and knowledge and beliefs were unrelated to their behaviors. Discussion: The results of the study have implications for health educators, health care providers, and researchers who provide young women with the information and skills to engage in behaviors that may protect them against breast cancer. Translation to ...
On the Evaluation of Patient-Specific IMRT QA Using EPID, Dynalog Files, and Patient Anatomy

Purpose: This research, investigates the viability of using the Electronic portal imaging device (EPID) coupled with the treatment planning system (TPS), to calculate the doses delivered and verify agreement with the treatment plan. The results of QA analysis using the EPID, Delta4 and fluence calculations using the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) dynalog files on 10 IMRT patients are presented in this study.
Genetic diversity in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.): II. An evaluation of selected cultivars released between 1846 and 1978

Genetic variation among 155 U.S. modern and heirloom cultivars was assessed from assays of 21 polymorphic isozyme loci. Four loci (Fdp-1, Mdh-1, Mpi-1 and Pgd-1) were monomorphic. Multivariate analyses partitioned cultivars into two distinct groups: those released before 1968, and those released after 1968. Cluster analysis produced a dendrogram with 14 nodes and 28 groups. Modern U.S. and European cultivars released after 1968 differed in isozyme frequencies. Isozymic profiles clearly discriminated some cultivars with unique attributes and/or pedigrees [e.g., ‘Windermoor Wonder’ (USA), ‘Gergana’ (The Netherlands), ‘Seiram’ (The Netherlands), ‘Fancy Pak’ (USA), ‘Dasher 2’ (USA), and WI 2757 (USA)].
Psychological Treatments for Obesity in Youth and Adults

Obesity has become a leading global health concern affecting both physical and mental quality of life. This article reviews the psychological interventions currently utilized in confronting the obesity epidemic. It examines obesity in both the pediatric and adult populations, specifically considering empirical evidence of weight loss interventions through randomized control trials. Behavioral weight loss intervention and family-based interventions emerged as 2 of the more frequently utilized and data-supported approaches. Empirically supported psychological treatments for subgroups of the obese population, such as individuals with binge eating disorder, are considered here as well. Limitations of the current interventions are discussed, including issues with generalizability across demographic variables such as age and severity of overweight status. Despite these limitations, overall, psychological interventions play an important role in achieving and maintaining weight loss.
Abstract 2041: Large-scale RNAi screening identifies PCTK3/CDK18 as a putative cancer-related molecular target

RNAi screening is a powerful approach for the identification of proteins that have the potential to be developed as anti-cancer molecular targets. In this study we used an unbiased, large-scale, synthetic siRNA-mediated RNAi screen to identify vulnerable targets in breast cancer cells with the hope of finding novel therapeutic targets. Using cell viability as the read-out, we first screened a whole human kinome library plus 350 additional genes (four siRNAs per gene) in a cell line representative of triple negative (ER -ve, PR -ve, Her2/Neu -ve) breast cancer, MDA-MB-468. The results of two screens conducted in MDA-MB-468 cells were highly reproducible with good correlation (0.82) between duplicate screens performed separately. These screens identified several well-defined kinases whose loss-of-function reduced the viability in MDA-MB-468 cells, including PLK1, AURKB, and BIRC5. Some less well-characterized kinases also were identified to be required for the viability of MDA-MB-468 cells including PIK3R1, HUNK, CKB, and PCTK3/CDK18. The PCTK3/CDK18 gene encodes a member of the PCTAIRE protein kinase subfamily of CDC2-related serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Most of the limited functional studies of PCTK3/CDK18 have focused its biological role in neuronal cells, but one study has reported an increase in the expression of PCTK3/CDK18 in breast cancer (Valladares et al., Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006 170:147). We observed that with multiple siRNAs, we induced an 80% decrease in the viability of MDA-MB-468 cells 96 hours following siRNA transfection. Over time we saw a 10%, 20% and 65% decrease in viability at 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively. As little is known of the function of the PCTK3/CDK18 protein, we are using multiple approaches to elucidate the cellular functions of PCTK3/CDK18 in the context of breast cancer. For example, we are investigating the cellular responses seen following loss of function of PCTK3 that could lead to the reduction in the viability phenotype observed. We have found that silencing PCTK3/CDK18 induces apoptosis as demonstrated by PARP cleavage and caspase activation, and cell cycle arrest in the S-phase. To further elucidate the role of PCTK3 in cell growth, we generated concordant gene expression signatures using different RNAi effectors targeting PCTK3/CDK18. We found these altered expressions of genes are involved mostly in DNA damage pathway and cell cycle pathway. While PCTK3 inhibition was lethal to MDA-MB-468 triple negative breast cancer, in contrast, silencing of PCTK3 in the non-transformed breast epithelial cell line MCF10A was well tolerated. This study further highlights the potential of high-throughput siRNA screens to identify novel cancer related molecular targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2041. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2041
3-Vinylborane-functionalized oligothiophenes: isomer-dependent electronic structure and fluorescence enhancement upon anion binding

The effect of pendant conjugated vinylborane moieties on the electronic structure of oligothiophenes and their anion binding behaviour was investigated. The vinylborane groups were introduced by hydroboration of alkynyl-functionalized 2,5-dibromothiophene with dimesitylborane (Mes2BH). The reaction yielded a 1 : 1 mixture of the α- and β-borylated isomers, which were separated and individually isolated by reverse-phase column chromatography. Grignard metathesis polymerization (GRIM) of the dibromothiophenes yielded oligomeric materials (Mn = 1.5 to 1.7 kDa) capable of anion binding. DFT analyses on borane-functionalized terthiophene model compounds indicated that efficient extension of conjugation from the thiophene main chain to the vinylborane pendant group in the sterically less encumbered β-isomer greatly impacts on the photophysical properties. Anion titration experiments revealed the strong binding of F− and CN−, which is accompanied by a fluorescence enhancement that is especially pronounced for the β-isomer.
Perturbations of Negative Feedback Sensitivity in Agonadal Patients Undergoing Estrogen Replacement Therapy

Urinary gonadotropin excretion was measured in 30 patients with gonadal dysgenesis, aged 2 months to 17 yr. Between bone ages 3–8 yr, mean FSH excretion (575 mlU/h) was elevated 8-fold in agonadal individuals compared to levels in intact prepubertal girls; mean urinary LH (49 mlU/h) in agonadal patients during this time period was increased nearly 2-fold over results from normal prepubertal females. Nine of 10 patients given 0.3 to 0.6 mg conjugated estrogen (Premarin) daily to initiate puberty exhibited prompt suppression of urinary gonadotropin levels from markedly elevated levels to within or very close to the normal prepubertal range. Such a response was found in only two of seven patients given 0.15 mg of the same drug. All instances of suppression were followed by escape from low levels of gonadotropin excretion as treatment was continued. Prior exposure to exogenous or endogenous estrogen markedly reduced the suppressive potential of treatment with 0.3 or 0.6 mg Premarin. A favorable advance of bon...
Numerical solution of the Schroedinger equation with a non-local exchange kernel

Abstract We describe the linear algebraic method for the numerical solution of the integral form of theScoroedinger equation with a nonlocal exchange kernel. We show explicitly the implementation of Newton-Cotes quadrature formulae of high order in order to account properly for the discontinuities arising in the derivative of the integrands originating from the two-particle Green's functions and the nonlocal kernels. The proposed technique is backed by numerical examples from scattering theory—scattering by a Yukawa potential and electron scattering by hydrogenic ions in the static-exchange approximation. The method is found to be efficient and numerically stable.
Phosphorylation associated with the DCMU-insensitive hill reaction

Summary The 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU)-insensitive component of silicomolybdate reduction in chloroplasts, which has previously been reported to be nonphosphorylating, is shown to be capable of supporting phosphorylation when the reaction medium contains agents to retard the hydrolytic degradation of silicomolybdate. So far the best results were obtained when dimethylsulfoxide was used as a solvent for the oxidant and the reaction medium contained glycerol (5%). The phosphorylation efficiency (P/e 2 ) of DCMU-insensitive silicomolybdate reduction reached 0.27, a value not far from the P/e 2 values previously found for DCMU-sensitive Photosystem II phosphorylation (P/e 2 0.3–0.4).
Incompatibility group Y member relationships: pIP231 and plasmid prophages P1 and P7.

Abstract The plasmid pIP231 exhibits stronger incompatibility with both plasmid prophages P1 and P7 than P1 and P7 exhibit with each other. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that pIP231 is strongly homologous with both P1 and P7 in the central region of the prophage genomes which contains genes determining replication, incompatibility, and maintenance functions. In addition, a region on the left of P7 which contains Tn902 showed some homology with pIP231, as did the region of P1 carrying IS1.
Hepatoblastoma in a neonate : a hypervascular presentation mimicking hemangioendothelioma

Congenital heart failure in the neonate supported by classic imaging findings may allow the implementation of medical therapy for presumed hemangioendothelioma without obtaining a tissue diagnosis. This case report describes a neonate with these classic clinical and radiographic findings but who underwent surgery for failing medical treatment and was diagnosed as having a hepatoblastoma by pathology. This case supports the need to obtain tissue confirmation before beginning medical therapy.
Worker Participation in the Progressive Era: An Assessment by Harrington Emerson

Although neglected in the literature, worker participation was a major industrial issue during the progressive era. This era coincided with the height of scientific management and its subsequent criticism. Documents recently discovered by the author reveal the assessment of and thoughts of worker participation by one of the pioneers of scientific management—Harrington Emerson.
Serious game development as an iterative user-centered agile software project

Commissioned by the campus Office of Admissions, we have built a series of three campus tour and orientation games over the past academic year with undergraduate student project teams. Based on well-established game industry practices we followed an iterative agile process with Scrum and managed to avoid many classical pitfalls in game development. While we achieved some measure of success, in post-project analysis, it becomes obvious that our process would have benefited from the heavy emphasis of 'users' in the User-Centered Design (UCD) methods. In this position paper, we propose that the serious game development community continue to critically analyze the results from the UCD projects to benefit from its lessons, well-understood good practices, and development paradigms.
On-line monitoring and PET imaging of proton radiotherapy beams

Preliminary experiments have been performed which indicate that online localization of proton radiotherapy beams in tissue is feasible. Using a two-dimensional array of online sodium iodide (NaI) detectors it is possible to perform real-time monitoring of the production of positron emitting isotopes (mainly /sup 11/C, /sup 13/N, and /sup 15/O) as a function of depth with pulsed proton beams of sufficiently low current. A commercial PET (positron emission tomography) scanner was used off-line to verify range and activity measurements. Results of range measurements using the two techniques are in good agreement with the calculated range, to within their respective resolutions. >
Twelve tips for overnight teaching.

Background: The European Working Time Directive and the United States’ duty hour restrictions have changed resident physicians’ schedules, specifically increasing overnight shifts and decreasing overall time spent in the hospital. As residents’ perception of night shifts is that they have little educational value, efforts to improve educational opportunities and night attending teaching are desirable. However, resources about and recommendations for best practices for overnight teaching by faculty are scarce.Aim: To provide 12 tips to highlight strategies intended to optimize attending physicians’ overnight teaching skills and strategies.Method: The tips provided are based on our experiences and reflections as in-house faculty supervising residents working overnight, by our experience and group discussions as medical educators, and the available literature.Results: The 12 tips presented offer specific strategies to optimize attending physicians’ overnight teaching for resident physicians, specifically hig...