cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neural network modeling of emotion

Abstract This article reviews the history and development of computational neural network modeling of cognitive and behavioral processes that involve emotion. The exposition starts with models of classical conditioning dating from the early 1970s. Then it proceeds toward models of interactions between emotion and attention. Then models of emotional influences on decision making are reviewed, including some speculative (not and not yet simulated) models of the evolution of decision rules. Through the late 1980s, the neural networks developed to model emotional processes were mainly embodiments of significant functional principles motivated by psychological data. In the last two decades, network models of these processes have become much more detailed in their incorporation of known physiological properties of specific brain regions, while preserving many of the psychological principles from the earlier models. Most network models of emotional processes so far have dealt with positive and negative emotion in general, rather than specific emotions such as fear, joy, sadness, and anger. But a later section of this article reviews a few models relevant to specific emotions: one family of models of auditory fear conditioning in rats, and one model of induced pleasure enhancing creativity in humans. Then models of emotional disorders are reviewed. The article concludes with philosophical statements about the essential contributions of emotion to intelligent behavior and the importance of quantitative theories and models to the interdisciplinary enterprise of understanding the interactions of emotion, cognition, and behavior.
On the efficiency of some fully discrete Galerkin methods for second-order hyperbolic equations☆

Abstract We compare the efficiency (attained level of accuracy vs cost) of a class of Galerkin methods for the numerical solution of second-order hyperbolic equations. The methods are based on a smooth spline discretization of the space variables and on a class of time-stepping methods based on some rational approximations to the cosine function. The estimates of the error are based on approximate expressions of the dispersion of the numerical methods.
Sonography of placenta percreta during the first trimester.

535 Sonography of Placenta Percreta During the First Trimester A 23-year-old primipara woman who had previously undergone cesarean delivery presented to our emergency department with vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain. Notable laboratory findings were anemia and a positive pregnancy test. On abdominal sonography, the gestational sac was seen extending into the anterior cul-de-sac (Fig. 1A). The location of the sac—penetrating through the myometrium and sitting just adjacent to the internal cervical os—was established with transvaginal sonography (Fig. 1B). Images from both examinations revealed echogenic fluid, resulting from hemoperitoneum, throughout the posterior cul-de-sac. The patient underwent immediate surgery, which confirmed that the gestational sac had penetrated the myometrium at the site of the scar of the cesarean delivery and, in fact, had pierced the serosa. Pronounced hemoperitoneum was evident, and cervical mucus could be seen extending through the myometrial defect. A hysterectomy was performed, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course. Placental invasion of the myometrium is associated with placenta previa, a previous cesarean delivery, and advanced maternal age [1]. Placenta percreta is the rarest form of placental invasion and is characterized by a deep invasion into the myometrium by the placenta that transgresses the serosa. Placenta accreta, which is the most common form of placental invasion and represents 75% of such cases, is limited to the superficial myometrium. Placenta increta is distinguished by deeper extension of the placenta, but the invasion is still confined to the myometrium. All three conditions are commonly classified as placenta accreta in the published literature [2]. Placental invasion of the myometrium is related to a thinned decidual endometrium at the site of implantation (which can occur at the site of a cesarean delivery scar) and subsequent placental extension into the myometrium [2, 3]. Because trophoblastic tissue is highly vascular, placental invasion can cause hemorrhage, a potentially catastrophic complication [3]. Placenta accreta typically is not recognized clinically until late in pregnancy and its detection is problematic. Gray-scale sonography, Doppler sonography, and MR imaging have been used in evaluation of placental invasion with mixed success. Targeted imaging of women at risk, with either Doppler sonography or MR imaging, has shown promise [4]. The sonographic identification of placenta percreta with a live gestation during the first trimester, as was the case in this patient, is extremely unusual and, to my knowledge, has not been previously reported.
TUIT: A TOOLKIT FOR CONSTRUCTING MULTILINGUAL TIPSTER USER INTERFACES

The TIPSTER Architecture has been designed to enable a variety of different text applications to use a set of common text processing modules. Since user interfaces work best when customized for particular applications, it is appropriator that no particular user interface styles or conventions are described in the TIPSTERb Architecture specification. However, the Computing Research Laboratory (CRL) has constructed several TIPSTER applications that use a common set of configurable Graphical User Interface (GUI) functions. These GUIs were constructed using CRL's TIPSTER User Interface Toolkit (TUIT). TUIT is a software library that can be used to construct multilingual TIPSTER user interfaces for a set of common user tasks. CRL developed TUIT to support their work to integrate TIPSTER modules for the 6 and 12 month TIPSTER II demonstrations as well as their Oleada and Temple demonstration projects. This paper briefly describes TUIT and its capabilities.
Loss of CD10 (neutral endopeptidase) is a frequent and early event in human prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that the aggressive LNCaP-derived androgen-independent cell line, CL1, might differ from LNCaP in their repertoire of cell surface markers and that these differences might typify changes that occur during clinical prostate cancer progression. METHODS The cell surface marker expression profiles of CL1 and LNCaP were examined using flow cytometry. Markedly differential gene expression was confirmed using RT-PCR and further examined using immunohistochemistry among the prostate cancer cell lines LAPC-4, LNCaP, CL1, CL2, DU145, and PC-3. The expression of the most markedly differentially expressed surface marker, CD10, was further explored in a tissue microarray containing radical prostatectomy samples from 219 hormone naive prostate cancer patients. RESULTS There were marked differences in the expression of CD10, CD13, CD26, CD33, CD44, CD54, CD55, and CD104 between CL1 and LNCaP. Results from both the RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed the differential expression and found that CD10 demonstrated a pattern of expression in hormone sensitive but not hormone refractory cell lines. When CD10 expression was examined in a tissue microarray, CD10 expression was below the 25th percentile of matched normal prostate tissue in 68% of prostate cancers, below the median expression of matched normal prostate tissue in 86% of cancers, and completely absent in 34% of cancers. Samples of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia demonstrated CD10 expression that was intermediate between normal prostatic tissue and prostate cancer. Among prostate cancer patients, CD10 expression did not correlate with Gleason score, pathological stage, or biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that loss or decreased expression of CD10 is an early and frequent event in human prostate cancer and implicates CD10 as a potential therapeutic target for early stage hormone sensitive prostate cancer. Prostate 55:71–80, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Freely suspended nanocomposite membranes as highly sensitive sensors

Highly sensitive sensor arrays are in high demand for prospective applications in remote sensing and imaging. Measuring microscopic deflections of compliant micromembranes and cantilevers is developing into one of the most versatile approaches for thermal, acoustic and chemical sensing. Here, we report on an innovative fabrication of compliant nanocomposite membranes with nanoscale thickness showing extraordinary sensitivity and dynamic range, which makes them candidates for a new generation of membrane-based sensor arrays. These nanomembranes with a thickness of 25–70 nm, which can be freely suspended over large (hundred micrometres) openings are fabricated with molecular precision by time-efficient, spin-assisted layer-by-layer assembly. They are designed as multilayered molecular composites made of a combination of polymeric monolayers and a metal nanoparticle intralayer. We demonstrate that these nanocomposite membranes possess unparalleled sensitivity and a unique autorecovering ability. The membrane nanostructure that is responsible for these outstanding properties combines multilayered polymer/nanoparticle organization, high polymer-chain orientation, and a pre-stretched state.
Steric Contribution to the Seasonal Oscillation of Sea Level off Oregon

Abstract Thermal, haline and total steric departures of sea level were calculated in a zone up to 165 n mi off Newport, Ore. The thermal and haline components were about equal in magnitudes and in phase, giving low steric sea levels nearshore and high sea levels offshore in summer and the reverse pattern in winter. These results are produced by local oceanographic conditions and reflect seasonal changes in upwelling and the position of the Columbia River plume. In the region close to shore the combined effects of steric and atmospheric-pressure-caused departures do not fully account for the observed variations of sea level. Wind stress variations are likely to be the most important cause but other factors may well contribute.
EBV‐associated recurrent Hodgkin's disease after renal transplantation

Hodgkin's disease is recognized as part of the spectrum of post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD), although it is still an uncommon de novo malignancy in this population. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to both post-transplant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. We report a case of recurrent Hodgkin's disease in a patient who received a renal transplant in childhood and later developed EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease with remission after chemotherapy until subsequent relapse 9 years later that was successfully treated. To our knowledge, this is the first report of recurrent Hodgkin's disease in a transplant recipient. We briefly discuss the pathogenesis of and risk factors for EBV-related PTLD, utility of EBV load surveillance, and the options for treatment of PTLD including immunosuppression reduction, antiviral therapy, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, cytotoxic T cells, and the possible roles of interferon-alpha and rapamycin.
Dose titration of moxidectin oral gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies.

Abstract Moxidectin was tested as an oral gel formulation during a controlled test performed to evaluate dosages against equine gastrointestinal parasites. Four groups of ten ponies were used. Ponies ranged from 1 to 20 years of age and were naturally infected in southern Louisiana or Mississippi. Fecal exams and fecal cultures were performed on all ponies to determine the strongyle egg counts and the percent distributions of large and small strongyles. Following these determinations, ponies were allocated to replicates of four ponies to provide an even distribution of strongyle infection, age, weight and gender. Members of each replicate were then randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups. The doses tested were 300, 400 and 500 μg kg−1 body weight. The oral gel vehicle alone served as control. Treatments were administered behind the tongue and the ponies were observed continuously for 4 h for any adverse reactions; thereafter, ponies were observed at least twice daily. Necropsy examinations were performed 14 days post-treatment for the recovery and identification of any parasites present. Moxidectin, at all doses tested, was 100% efficacious against adults of Strongylus vulgaris, Strongylus edentatus, Triodontophorus spp. and 22 species of small strongyles. Moxidectin was also 100% efficacious against larvae of Strongylus edentatus and Oxyuris equi, greater than 94% efficacious against Strongylus vulgaris larvae and Oxyuris equi adults at 14 days post-treatment. Moxidectin proved highly efficacious against luminal small strongyle larvae (>99.9% against L4 and >92% against L3) and moxidectin demonstrated some efficacy against encysted small strongyle larvae as well. Although control ponies were not uniformly infected with Habronema muscae, Trichostrongylus axei and Parascaris equorum, none of these parasites were recovered from moxidectin-treated ponies, suggesting high efficacy against these species as well. Efficacy against Gasterophilus spp. was 89%, 96% and 97% in a dose-dependent fashion. Moxidectin had no demonstrable activity against Anoplocephala perfoliata.
Two-stage fermentation process for the production of calcium magnesium acetate and propionate road deicers

Abstract Calcium magnesium acetate (CMA) and propionate (CMP) are environmentally benign deicing chemicals that can replace sodium chloride that is widely used on roads and highways at present for snow and ice control to provide safe driving conditions during winter. The price of CMA from petroleum-derived acetic acid is quite expensive. Anaerobic fermentations have not proven economical due to the low acid productivity and concentrations. A novel method for the production of CMA and CMP from lactose and whey permeate via a two-stage anoxic fermentation system, with calcium hydroxide for pH control is described in this paper. A homolactic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum is used to convert lactose to calcium magnesium lactate (CML) in the first stage, and Propionicibacterium acidipropionici P200910 is used to convert CML to CMA and CMP in the second stage. In both stages, the conversion rates were ∼90% (w/w). Lactic acid productivity was 2.03 g/L/h in the first stage at a dilution ratio of 0.06 h−1. Propionic and acetic acid yield was 1.79 g/L/h at a dilution rate of 0.05 h−1. Calcium hydroxide addition did not significantly alter the overall yield of acids in either stage. However, the ratio of concentration of propionate to acetate in the final product changed from ∼3.0 when NaOH is used to ∼2.0 when lime is applied for pH control. After separation of the biomass, the liquid with a total concentration of 48–55 g/L of CMA and CMP can be processed to obtain a solid road deicer product.
Catholic Schooling, Protestant Schooling, and Religious Commitment in Young Adulthood

If and how Catholic and Protestant schools influence the religious lives of their students once they have graduated is unclear. Methodological limitations and inconsistencies in previous studies have resulted in confusing and often contradictory findings. Using data from two waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 11,212), I compare the religious lives of young adults who attended Catholic, Protestant, and secular schools as adolescents. The results suggest that Protestant schoolers are far more religious as young adults than those who attended a secular school, a difference that is at least partially explained by the schools' religious environment. But young adults who attended Catholic schools report levels of religiosity that are similar to those educated in a secular school, and are actually lower for some outcomes. Studies of religious schoolers that ignore the religious tradition of the school overlook these differing effects and forfeit statistical explanatory power.
Effects of genital desensitization on mating behavior and ovulation in the female cat.

Abstract This paper reports three experiments investigating whether or not specific genital sensations maintain a normal mating pattern and cause ovulation in female cats. In Experiment 1, the clitoris and surrounding vulva were desensitized by bilateral pudendal neurectomy in four sexually-experienced females. Their mating patterns in 30 postoperative tests did not differ from those of two sham-operated females. In Experiment 2, the vagina and body of the uterus were denervated in ten females by bilateral removal of the caudo-medial part of the pelvic plexus. Although their preoperative mating patterns did not differ from those of the 8 sham operates, in the 10 postoperative tests the denervated females were mounted longer by the males, and, after mounts, emitted fewer copulatory cries and rolled less. In Experiment 3, 7 out of 10 sham-operated females ovulated in response to stimulation of the vagina and cervix with a glass rod whereas only 3 out of 9 females with denervated vaginas and uteri ovulated. Experiments 1 and 2 suggest that sensations from the vagina guide the appropriate behavioral responses of sexually experienced females to intromission, and that these responses, in turn, cue the male's normal behavior after intromission. Experiment 3 suggests that ovulation in cats can be triggered by impulses from the vagina received during intromission.
Attitudes Toward Wildlife Species Protection: Assessing Moderating and Mediating Effects in the Value-Attitude Relationship

Abstract Framed in the cognitive hierarchy approach, we examine (1) the mediating effect of general environmental attitudes and (2) the moderating effect of factual wildlife knowledge on the relationship between values and specific wildlife attitudes (wildlife species protection). These relationships are assessed across four wildlife constituent groups: (1) consumptive users (anglers and hunters), (2) birders (a nonconsumptive user group), (3) non‐hunters, non‐anglers, and nonbirders (nonusers), and (4) combined consumptive and nonconsumptive users (anglers, hunters and birders). Twelve hundred and twenty residents of the Southern Appalachians completed a telephone survey during the summer of 1995. Overall, respondents demonstrated low knowledge but favorable attitudes regarding wildlife species protection. Results provided partial support for a cognitive hierarchy in which general attitudes mediate the relationship between values and specific attitudes, and the existence of knowledge as an external moder...
Racial Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Initiation and the Effect on Survival

Objectives To examine predictors of initiation and adherence, identify racial disparities, and compare the survival benefit of cardiac rehabilitation between a white and a unique predominantly non-white minority in an urban environment. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting The outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York. Patients Consecutive patients (n = 822) referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation were evaluated. Methods Baseline characteristics and outcomes were ascertained from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association among initiation, age, gender, race, reason for referral, and copayment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to evaluate mortality outcomes. Main Outcome Measurements Racial disparities in rates of initiation, adherence and completion, and survival benefit associated with cardiac rehabilitation. Results Among 822 patients referred (51.5% non-white minorities, 61.1% male), 59.4% initiated cardiac rehabilitation. Non-white minorities initiated cardiac rehabilitation less often than did white patients (54.4% versus 65.2%, P = .003). After adjustment, white patients were 77.5% more likely to initiate cardiac rehabilitation (odds ratio 1.78; 95% confidence interval 1.13-2.80). Both white populations and non-white minorities who participated in cardiac rehabilitation had a lower risk of death ( P = .0022). Conclusions In a predominantly minority population, racial disparities exist among cardiac rehabilitation participants. Minorities were less likely to initiate cardiac rehabilitation. Gender, referral patterns, and the presence of copayment did not influence initiation. Cardiac rehabilitation initiation was associated with decreased mortality.
Influence of posttreatment temperature on toxicity of pyrethroids to five species of stored-product insects

Toxicity, based on knockdown, was determined at two posttreatment temperatures for six pyrethroids. Posttreatment temperatures were 20 and 30°C. Pyrethroids tested were cyfluthrin, bioallethrin, flucythrinate, d -phenothrin, fenvalerate, and cypermethrin. All six pyrethroids were evaluated against adults of confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Two pyrethroids, cyfluthrin and bioallethrin, were evaluated on adults of lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), and larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn); and larvae of Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker). Beetles were exposed to insecticide-impregnated filter papers; moth larvae were treated topically. Cyfluthrin was associated with a negative temperature coefficient for T. confusum, P. truncatus, P. interpunctella , and C. cautella. Bioallethrin was associated with a negative temperature coefficient for R. dominica and P. interpunctella. However, d -phenothrin was associated with a positive temperature coefficient for T. confusum and was the least toxic of the pyrethroids. Our results suggest that field performance of the pyrethroids possessing negative temperature coefficients may be enhanced at cooler temperatures.
SU-FF-J-89: Evaluation of Five Fiducial Markers Using MVCT and CBCT

Purpose: To evaluate different fiducial markers using different imaging modalities to find the optimal choices of markers. Method and Materials: A pelvis phantom was constructed out of different plastics. Simulated prostate, femoral head, femur, and pubis bones are embedded in the phantom. The prostate has three removable plugs. These plugs are made to a tight press fit and can be removed. Plugs were machined that contained different fiducial markers. Two types of gold seed markers (both 1.2mm diameter), three types of coil markers (0.75 to 1.15mm diameter), and a carbon marker (1.0mm diameter) were evaluated. The phantom was scanned using conventional CT, Varian CBCT, and Tomotherapy MVCT with each of the different markers. For CBCT, two FOV settings were used. For MVCT, two different techniques were used. To help quantify the results, profiles through the markers were obtained. The maximum signal and FWHM were evaluated. Results: The fiducial markers were clearly visible on all scans with the exception that the carbon marker was not visible using MVCT as expected. The smaller diameter coil had noticeably less artifact than the larger coils and the gold seed. The carbon marker had minimal if any artifact. Neither FOV for CBCT or technique for MVCT had a significant effect on marker visibility.Conclusion: Given that the smaller coil had the least amount of artifact of the markers that were visible with all modalities it would seem to be an ideal choice for institutions that have multiple modalities. Smaller gold seeds may also have this property but were not included in this study. For institutions using only CBCT, the carbon marker would be the best choice.
Flavin-Linked Oxidase Catalyzes Pyrrolizine Formation of Dichloropyrrole-Containing Polyketide Extender Unit in Chlorizidine A

The marine alkaloid chlorizidine A contains chlorinated pyrroloisoindolone and pyrrolizine rings that are rare chemical features in bacterial natural products. Herein, we report the biosynthetic logic of their construction in Streptomyces sp. CNH-287 based on the identification of the chlorizidine A biosynthetic gene cluster. Using whole pathway heterologous expression and genetic manipulations, we show that chlorizidine A is assembled by a polyketide synthase that uniquely incorporates a fatty acid synthase-derived dichloropyrrolyl extender unit into the pyrroloisoindolone enzymatic product. We further provide the first biochemical characterization of a flavoenzyme associated with the oxidative formation of chlorizidine A’s distinctive pyrrolizine ring. This work illuminates new enzymatic assembly line processes leading to rare nitrogen-containing rings in nature.
An infrared cutoff revealed by the two years of COBE observations of cosmic temperature fluctuations.

We show that a good fitting to the first two years of observations by the Cosmic Background Explorer Differential Microwave Radiometers of the two-point angular correlation function of cosmic background radiation (CBR) temperature is given by models with a nonzero infrared cutoff ${k}_{min}$ in the spectrum of the primordial density perturbations. If this cutoff comes from the finiteness of the universe, say, a topological T3 model, we find ${k}_{min}\ensuremath{\sim}(0.3\ensuremath{-}1.1)\ensuremath{\pi}\frac{{\mathrm{H}}_{0}}{c}$ with confidence level 95%. Such a nonzero ${k}_{min}$ universe would also give a better match to the observations both of the rms quadrupole anisotropy of CBR and of galaxy clustering.
Measuring foot pronation using RFID sensor networks

Running efficiency is an important factor to consider in order to avoid injury. In particular, foot pronation, the angle of the foot as it hits the ground, is a common cause for many types of injuries among runners. Though pronation is common, diagnosing pronation is difficult and imprecise. Currently there is no method of diagonsis which can quantify the severity of pronation. In this paper we propose using WISP (Wireless Identification and Sensing Platform) sensors to help identify and quantify foot pronation.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) transcripts in malignant inverted papilloma are from integrated HPV DNA.

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to detect human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences in nasal inverted papilloma (IP) lesions and to determine whether HPV is involved in the progression of IP to sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Study Design: A retrospective study was performed on 14 patients diagnosed with IP within the last 12 years. Three of these 14 patients developed SCC. Methods: Eighteen formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were obtained for these 14 patients. After DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed, followed by hybridization using HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, and 52 specific DNA probes, in an attempt to identify HPV type in each specimen. After RNA extraction, the integration status of the HPV genome was evaluated based on the relative abundance of E7 and E5 viral transcripts, assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: HPV sequences were detected in samples from 3 of the 14 patients with IP. Of the three patients with SCC, HPV sequences were detected in two patients, whereas one patient was negative for the oligoprobes tested. Of the 11 patients diagnosed only with IP, 1 patient was positive for HPV DNA (HPV type 11). This difference in HPV positivity between IP and SCC was not statistically significant (P = .09, Fisher's Exact test, two tailed). Viral transcripts were detected in both patients with SSC who were HPV positive. Because HPV early transcripts are polycistronic, loss of 3′ transcript sequences (E5) and retention of 5′ sequences (E7) indicates integration. One of the SSC containing HPV 18 sequences showed a E7/E5 ratio of 776:1. The other SSC showed E7 transcripts and an absence of E5 transcripts Conclusion: HPV transcripts were present in SCC positive for HPV, and the relative level of E7 to E5 transcripts indicates integration of the viral genome. These findings are suggestive of HPV having an active role in the lesion. More extensive studies are needed to determine the exact role of HPV in IP and progression to SCC.
Guidelines to Prepare for Oil Sands Product Spills in Varied Aquatic Environments

ABSTRACT On July 24, 2007, the Westridge Transfer Line in Burnaby, British Columbia, ruptured spilling 1,400 barrels of oil sands product into the area's storm water systems and eventually into the...
999-118 Distributing a Cardiology Database on an Enterprise Network: Changing Paradigms in Information Systems

While information is crucial to medical care, organizing clinical and financial data into useful, accessible information is difficult. Since 1972 Emory University has approached this with a clinical database (CDB) which includes all cardiac catheterizations, coronary angioplasties and cardiac surgical procedures. Clinical data have been transcribed onto forms and hand keyed. Financial data from the hospital and the Emory Clinic have been loaded via tape. While the CDB has been used for clinical research, increasingly there are demands to manage cardiovascular medicine on a daily basis. The computer system was a traditional system with a central processor and terminals, some of which had access via modem. This model has proven unworkable due to 1) limited access geographically, 2) difficult access for personnel not familial with with sophisticated database management system tools, 3) increased expectations of what computers should do because of exposure to graphical user interfaces (GUls) on personal computers, 4) inability to extend data collection into new areas via paper forms and 5) increased demands for service as a daily management tool. Independently of this effort Emory University has put into place an Enterprise network. In 1993 the CDB, on a Unix server, was made available on the network. Access is now available via any IBM PC or compatible or Macintosh on the network. Access for both individual and group data is being continually upgraded and simplified using GUI approaches. Local databases in cardiothoracic surgery and cardiac catheterization have been created to function in client server mode, providing enhanced function and electronic data transfer. The network approach is permitting expansion of the CDB into areas not previously included, specifically electrophysiology, congestive heart failure and echocardiography. Ultimately the financial data should be transferred over the network as well. This model, consistent with contemporary computing, is already improving daily activity and is expected to yet have a greater impact as the CDB, access tools and local systems continually evolve and improve.
Host-plant green-leaf volatiles synergize the synthetic sex pheromones of the corn earworm and codling moth (Lepidoptera)

The capture of adult male moths in female sex pheromone traps of two key agricultural pests, the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), is enhanced or synergized by a certain group of host-plant volatiles, the “green-leaf volatiles” (GLVs). Since female adults of both species call and release their sex pheromones while perched upon the leaves of their host-plants, the volatile constituents from the leaves of a number of host-plants were compared. Sex pheromone traps containing one of the prominent leaf volatiles of certainH. zea hosts, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, not only significantly increased the capture ofH. zea males but were preferred over traps baited only with sex pheromone. Similarly, traps baited with synthetic sex pheromome ofC. pomonella plus a blend of GLVs captured significantly more males than traps baited only with sex pheromone. Since male moths are not captured in traps baited only with these GLVs, it appears that these GLVs act as pheromone synergists which increase or enhance the attraction or arrestment of male moths in pheromone traps.
Appendiceal intussusception with adenocarcinoma mimicking a cecal polyp.

A 55-year-old man presented with a 2-month history of hematochezia. Colonoscopy performed previously at another hospital revealed a 3 cm mass in the area of the cecum; the appendiceal orifice could not be identified. This patient was transferred directly to our hospital for further management without polypectomy. No weight loss was noted, and there was no contributory medical or surgical history. Physical examination were unremarkable except for blood-tinged stool noted on the digital rectal examination. A complete blood count, routine laboratory tests, and tumor-marker studies were normal. A double-contrast barium enema disclosed a polypoid filling defect over the cecal area and non-filling of the appendix. Laparotomy was performed, and the cecum was explored. The appendix was found to be partially invaginated into the cecum with a tumor located over its base (Fig. 1). A right hemicolectomy was performed, and pathologic examination demonstrated moderately differentiated Duke’s A adenocarcinoma in situ. The patient was followed up for more than 2 years with an uneventful postoperative course.
Machine-mediated Motor Skill Training Method in Haptic-enabled Chinese Handwriting Simulation System

Training of motor skill through machine-mediated method is a promising way to improve complex dexterous manipulation skill. New method of fusion between human motor skill and machine capability is studied to transfer skill from expert to novice. Haptic-enabled Chinese handwriting training system is established as a benchmark platform for studying learning and transfer of motor skill. Perceptible element of haptic skill is proposed to model human motor skill. Four rules of machine-mediated training system are identified according to human's skill learning characteristics. Architecture of a hierarchical hybrid control training system is proposed based on the learning rules. Phantom desktop is used as the haptic interface and haptic-visual feedback is developed for three training modes, which includes facsimile mode, transcribe mode and reciting mode. Human subject experiments validate the proposed training rules. Fusion of human skill and machine capability by haptic-enable multiple signal feedback system is proved effective to train novice to get familiar with Chinese character handwriting skill.
Hazards of Retained Third Molars in Older Persons: Report of 15 Cases

Fifteen current cases, all of which involved patients older than 40 years, are used to exemplify common problems encountered with retained embedded third molars in older person and support the premise that careful examination of the possibility of extracting third molars in younger persons is required.
Burst detection with single-point velocity measurements

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the VITA, Quadrant, TPAV, U -level, Positive slope, and VITA with slope burst-detection algorithms has been done by making direct comparisons with flow visualization. Measurements were made in a water channel using an X-type hot-film probe located in the near-wall region. Individual ejections from bursts which contacted the probe were identified using dye flow visualization. The effectiveness of each of the detection algorithms was found to be highly dependent on the operational parameters, i.e. threshold levels and averaging or window times. These parameters were adjusted so that the number of events detected by each of the algorithms corresponded to the number of ejections identified by flow visualization, while the probability of a false detection was minimized. Comparing the detection algorithm using these optimum parameter settings, the Quadrant technique was found to have the greatest reliability with a high probability of detecting the ejections and a low probability of false detections. Furthermore, it was found that the ejections detected by the Quadrant technique could be grouped into bursts by analysing the probability distribution of the time between ejections.
Thin films for accurate measurement of charged-particle ranges

Abstract In this note a method is reported for making plastic film of thickness 100–400 μm/cm2 and mounting it in thin aluminum rings 0.012 in. thick, 1 3 8 in. in diameter. Foils mounted in such fashion are tough, may be repeatedly handled, arranged in stacks and are made relatively quickly. The film was made by spraying a solution of the plastic on glass plate and, after drying, allowing it to float off in water. The tough foils were made from small 1 1 2 in. diameter films mounted between aluminum rings and clamped together in a set of progressive dies. About 5% of 100 foils made had a thickness variation of larger than ±5%. The mean foil thickness varied by less than ±7 1 2 % among the 100 foils.
Environment and innovation: The case of the small entity

Abstract Scholarship on innovation has an extensive history, including research on national technological output, national systems to generate innovation, and the firm-level management of new product planning and development. This piece unites these strands, opening discussion on how national innovation systems affect management behavior, resulting in differences in the output of new technologies. By concentrating on one idiosyncracy of the United States, the disproportionate participation by small entity innovators, and one piece of its innovation environment, the patent system, the study is able to bring together the macro and micro evidence and analysis. Because national innovation systems, by definition, vary by country, there are important implications for managing the R&D process for optimal new products according to environmental circumstances.
Range of validity of seismic ray and beam methods in general inhomogeneous media - I. General theory

Summary. The limitations of asymptotic wave theory and its geometrical manifestations are newly formalized and scrutinized. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of acoustic and seismic rays and beams in general inhomogeneous media are expressed in terms of new physical parameters: the threshold frequency ω0 associated with the P/S decoupling condition, the cut-off frequency ωc associated with the radiation-zone condition, the total curvature of the wavefront and the Fresnel-zone radius. The analysis is facilitated with the introduction of a new ancillary functional – the hypereikonal which is capable of representing ordinary as well as evanescent waves. The hypereikonal is the natural extension of the eikonal theory. With the aid of the above new parameters, simple conditions are obtained for the decoupled far field, the decoupled near field, two point dynamic ray tracing, paraxial wavefields and Gaussian beams.
Delay in Mobility-Assisted Constant-Throughput Wireless Networks

Mobility has been shown to increase the capacity of wireless networks. As the number of mobile entities in a bounded environment increases, traffic congestion occurs and these entities have to slow down to avoid colliding physically with their neighbors. This increases the time a mobile entity takes to physically carry data from one point in the environment to another. In this paper, we provide a lower bound on the maximum delay that it takes in delivering data in networks where mobility is used to achieve constant throughput per node. We also show that this delay is achievable for some networks.
Detiding Three-Dimensional Velocity Survey Data in Coastal Waters*

Abstract A three-dimensional data interpolation technique is proposed that efficiently removes tidal currents from spatial velocity surveys. The least squares method extends prior two-dimensional detiding methods to three spatial dimensions using biharmonic splines. Biharmonic splines are fitted to velocity data from acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) surveys, moorings, and ocean surface current radar (OSCR). The data are used to predict diurnal and semidiurnal tidal currents on the inner shelf off New Jersey that vary between 1 and 15 cm s−1 at spatial scales of about 20 km. The (tidal) signal to (subtidal) noise is thus O(1) in the study area. Although the main task of this study is to remove tidal variance from the ADCP survey data, an attempt is made to accurately“predict” tidal currents from the data. The latter task is more difficult. Both artificial data with known signal-to-noise properties and actual measurements indicate that the method estimates both diurnal and semidiurnal tidal currents...
The risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Background Prior research suggests an important role of systemic inflammation in pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). It is well known that rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder, increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little evidence exists whether the risk of AF is increased in RA. Methods Using data from a large US commercial insurance plan, we examined the incidence rate (IR) of hospitalisation for AF in patients with RA compared with non-RA. RA patients were identified with ≥2 separate visits coded for RA and ≥1 disease-modifying antirheumatic drug dispensing. The IR of AF in RA patients was also compared with those with osteoarthritis, a chronic non-inflammatory condition. Results There were 20 852 RA and 104 260 non-RA patients, matched on age, sex and index date. The mean follow-up was 2 years. The IR per 1000 person-years of AF was 4.0 (95% CI 3.4 to 4.7) in RA and 2.8 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.0) in non-RA patients. The IR ratio for AF was 1.4 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.7) in RA compared with non-RA patients. In a multivariable Cox model adjusting for a number of risk factors such as diabetes, CVD, medications and healthcare utilisation, the risk of AF was no longer increased in RA (HR 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.4) compared with non-RA patients. There was also no difference in the AF risk between RA and osteoarthritis patients. Conclusions Our results show no increased risk of AF associated with RA, after adjusting for various comorbidities, medications and healthcare use.
Reverse Triiodothyronine Does Not Alter Pituitary–Thyroid Function in Normal Subjects

Serum ϒT3concentrations are often increased in patients with nonthyroid illness. Such elevations could be responsible for some of the alterations in pituitary-thyroid function that occur in such patients, particularly since rT3is a potent inhibitor of extrathyroidal T3 production in vitro. To evaluate the role of serum rT3 elevations in the regulation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-thyroid axis, 10 normal subjects were given 3 mg rT3,orally, in divided doses for 4 days. Serum rT3concentrations were elevated at least 10-fold by the endof the first day of treatment. Mean serum T4 and T3concentrations did not change, nor was there any change in basal or TRH-stimulated serum TSH concentrations. There was, likewise, no change in serum binding of T3or T,4. These results show that rT3, given orally, has no detectable activity in normal subjects, and hence, elevations in serum rT3 concentrations per se do not contribute to other abnormalities in thyroid function found in patients with nonthyroid illness. (J Clin ...
First application of ionic liquids in electrophilic fluorination of arenes; Selectfluor™ (F-TEDA-BF4) for “green” fluorination

The NF fluorinating agent F-TEDA-BF4 dication salt (Selectfluor™) 1 dissolves in imidazolium-based ionic liquids [emim][OTf] 7, [emim][BF4] 8, [bmim][PF6] 9 and [bmim][BF4] 10 (assisted by sonication), providing a convenient medium for fluorination of arenes under essentially acid-free conditions in a simple set-up (no volatile solvent; simple extraction of the aromatics without aqueous work-up), from which the ionic liquid can be easily recycled and reused. Comparative studies in [emim][OTf] 7 with anisole as substrate show that 1 is superior to NFTh-BF4 (Accufluor®) 2 and that the N-fluoropyridinium salt NFPy-B2F74 is least effective. The scope of the reaction has been surveyed. Substrate selectivity (kmesitylene ∶ kdurene = 10) measured in competitive experiments in 7 is clearly indicative of a conventional polar mechanism. Substrate selectivity measured without the ionic liquid in MeCN solvent is also indicative of a polar mechanism but exhibits lower magnitude (kmesitylene ∶ kdurene = 6). Addition of dicyclohexano-24-crown-8 to the fluorination reaction mixture (1 and anisole) in 7 reduced the conversion but did not change the isomer distribution. AM1 minimization was used to model the complexation of 1 with this crown. With reactive aromatics optimal fluorination yields in ionic liquids (using 1 equivalent of the NF reagent) are around 50% (higher for naphthalene). A key control experiment suggests that the free base (produced upon transfer-fluorination) could complex to unreacted 1 (generating a bulky dimer complex which may be ineffective for fluorine transfer) in competition to N-protonation.
Development of cracks in injection moldings of poly (2,6‐dimethyl‐1, 4 phenylene ether)

Cracks in injection molded articles adversely affect their appearance as well as their ultimate properties. In this study, we have investigated the spontaneous development of cracks in samples molded from an engineering plastic in the absence of external loading. The specimens of a well characterized poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4 phenylene ether), PPE, were injection molded employing a 40t Van Dorn injection molding machine and industrial practices. The initiation and development of cracks in the molded articles were monitored for a period of eighty weeks. The presence and the frequency of the cracks were found to depend on the operating conditions employed during the molding, the shape of the cavity, the presence of Irregularities at the mold surface, and the particular location observed. The results were elucidated under the light of the results of microstructural analyses including residual stress and birefringence distributions on both compression and injection molded specimens of the engineering plastic.
Past Updating Of A Low-rank Approximate To A Varying Hermitian Matrix

Standard algorithms require an order of m/sup 3/ flops to compute the complete eigendecomposition of a mxm hermitian matrix, R. Some algorithms are able to compute only a restricted subset of eigenpairs, and the computational burden is roughly of m/sup 2/ flops per eigenpair in the most general case. A slightly larger amount of computations (but still of same order) is required to find a few left singular pairs of a square matrix, D, such that R=DD/sup H/; this is known to be numerically more stable. In this paper, faster algorithms are surveyed, that are able to update in a recursive fashion a subset of d left singular pairs of D, needing only md/sup 2/ multiplications if d is much smaller than in; we insist that the matrix D be not necessarily the Cholesky factor of R. These algorithms take advantage of the fact that the matrix considered is nothing else but a matrix whose d eigenpairs are known, perturbed by a rank-one modification. It is pointed out in the sequel why the techniques of Businger, or Bunch et al, are not relevant for O(md/sup 2/) algorithms.
High School Physical Educators’ Beliefs About Teaching Differently Abled Students in an Urban Public School District

The purpose of this study was to examine general physical education (GPE) teachers’ beliefs about teaching differently abled students in inclusive classes.The participants were 5 GPE teachers from ...
Site-specific Formation of Nanoporous Silicon on Micro-fabricated Silicon Surfaces

We demonstrated an ability to control the location of the porous silicon formation during electro-chemical etching by the introduction of micro- fabricated defects. This ability may open new doors for chemical and biological applications of porous silicon. In this paper, we have focused on the experimental procedure used to form this site-specific porous silicon area on micro- fabricated silicon surface. We also compared our results with work carried out by Saraf et al[1] during the early stage of porous silicon formation in conventional electrochemical etching.