cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The energetic contributions of aquatic primary producers to terrestrial food webs in a mid-size river system

Rivers are increasingly recognized as providing nutritional subsidies (i.e., energy and nutrients) to adjacent terrestrial food webs via depredation of aquatic organisms (e.g., emergent aquatic insects, crayfish, fish) by terrestrial consumers. However, because these prey organisms assimilate energy from both aquatic (e.g., benthic algae, phytoplankton, aquatic macrophytes) and terrestrial (e.g., riparian leaf detritus) primary producers, river subsidies to terrestrial consumers represent a combination of aquatically- and terrestrially-derived energy. To date, the explicit contribution of energy derived from aquatic primary producers to terrestrial consumers has not been fully explored yet might be expected to be quantitatively important to terrestrial food webs. At 12 reaches along a 185-km segment of the 6th-order Scioto River system (Ohio, USA), we quantified the relative contribution of energy derived from aquatic primary producers to a suite of terrestrial riparian consumers that integrate the adjace...
Once a Criminal Always a Criminal? A 15-Year Analysis of Recidivism Among Female Prisoners in Massachusetts

The study of prisoner recidivism has long captured the interest of criminal justice researchers. Recidivism studies attempt to answer a variety of questions ranging from what are the characteristics of those who reoffend, what factors predict offender recidivism, and how long does a recidivist remain in the community before finding themselves in conflict with the law again. Unlike many studies that examine recidivism over a relatively short term - three to five years, this study investigates recidivism over a 15-year period among a group of female offenders released from a Massachusetts prison in 1995. Findings point to three propositions moving forward. First, correctional programming geared specifically toward youthful offenders might be necessary to promote desistance over the life course. Second, offender monitoring and accountability up to 36 months after release from incarceration may reduce the risk of re-offending. Third, studies with a follow-up period of ten years would be a valuable addition to the recidivism literature to advance our understanding of chronic offending among women.
“The Fire and the Rose Are One”: The Dantesque Purification of Language in T. S. Eliot’s “Little Gidding”

(2007). “The Fire and the Rose Are One”: The Dantesque Purification of Language in T. S. Eliot’s “Little Gidding”. Comparative Literature: East & West: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 48-54.
Advice to Writers of New Cases

The case literature needs constant replenishment. Many of our colleagues contemplate developing new cases, but aren't quite sure how to begin. To them I offer three pieces of advice. In addition, the column summarizes suggestions from five writers and users of case studies.
Impact of an Agricultural Value Chain Project on Smallholder Farmers, Households, and Children in Liberia

We explore the impact of a rural agricultural value chain project in Liberia on smallholder farmers, their households and children in order to better understand the link between household economic welfare and child wellbeing. Drawing on longitudinal field-based quasi-experimental survey data, we estimate the causal effect of the project on the use of modern farming techniques and production, household assets and food security, and child education, health and nutrition. Mixed-methods include multiple rounds of focus groups with farmers, key informant interviews with community leaders, and project monitoring farmer diaries. Treatment farmers showed increased use of modern farming techniques and improved production, households experienced greater access to food, and while no significant changes were found for children, for the outcomes of interest, treatment children outcomes trended in the positive direction. The evaluation suggests that participation in agricultural value chain interventions contributes to positive farm outcomes and social assets, but economic-focused activities alone are insufficient to improve children’s lives. Since improving the lives of children from birth is critical to breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty, economic strengthening programs like value chain interventions, must monitor their effects on children: to do no harm and to identify and take advantage of opportunities to improve the lives of children.
Synthesis and crystal structure of [{CpFe(CO)}2(μ-CO)-(μ-CHPMe3)+][PF6-]

The title compound crystallizes in the non-centrosymmetric space groupP21 withZ=2. Two CpFe(CO) fragments are held together by an iron-iron bond (Fe(1)−Fe(2)=2.539(3)A), a bridging carbonyl ligand (Fe(1)−C(2)=1.910(16)A, Fe(2)−C(2)=1.978(14)A) and a bridging phosphonium ylid ligand Fe(1)−C(1)=1.978(12)A, Fe(2)−C(1)=1.967(15)A).
Fighting Fairies, Gazing at Men: How to Become a Queer Reader

The author argues that masculinity is strongly associated with universal heterosexual desire during late childhood and early adolescence, but children can resist it by becoming “queer readers,” finding intentional or unintentional sites of resistance in mass media texts. Five television programs from the author’s own childhood are analyzed, and three strategies of resistance are suggested: male physicality, same-sex plotlines, and lack of heterosexual interest.
Extra-Articular Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis of the Deep Infrapatellar Bursa: A Case Report.

Pigmented villonodular synovitis is a rare, benign, proliferative neoplastic condition affecting synovial-lined anatomic spaces1,2. It is characterized by hypertrophy of a synovial membrane by villous, nodular, and villonodular proliferation, with pigmentation secondary to hemosiderin deposition. These characteristics result in its typical imaging findings of low signal intensity on both T1 and T2-weighted images and typical “blooming artifact” with loss of signal foci on gradient echo sequences3-5. It is now well established in the pathology literature that pigmented villonodular synovitis is a neoplastic process on the basis of characteristic chromosomal changes6-9. Pigmented villonodular synovitis can be both localized and diffuse10 and can affect all synovial membranes, such as those of the joint or the bursa. For both forms of the disease, simple debridement with synovectomy is the most common treatment, although recurrence is common11—with rates as high as 25% to 50% in diffuse-type extra-articular disease12. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is usually monoarticular, affecting adults in the third or fourth decade of life; the knee is the most commonly involved anatomic location, followed by the hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow13. Pigmented villonodular synovitis is usually intra-articular and only rarely extra-articular. In cases of extra-articular pigmented villonodular synovitis, there is usually evidence of extension from an intra-articular focus. As a result, the finding of pigmented villonodular synovitis in the deep infrapatellar bursa, which does not communicate with the knee joint14,15, is rare. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, there has never been a report of pigmented villonodular synovitis in the deep infrapatellar bursa. We present a case of extra-articular pigmented villonodular synovitis in a young patient with a painful slow-growing mass on the anterior aspect of the knee. The patient …
Ionic Liquid Gating of Suspended MoS2 Field Effect Transistor Devices

We demonstrate ionic liquid (IL) gating of suspended few-layer MoS2 transistors, where ions can accumulate on both exposed surfaces. Upon application of IL, all free-standing samples consistently display more significant improvement in conductance than substrate-supported devices. The measured IL gate coupling efficiency is up to 4.6 × 1013 cm–2 V–1. Electrical transport data reveal contact-dominated electrical transport properties and the Schottky emission as the underlying mechanism. By modulating IL gate voltage, the suspended MoS2 devices display metal–insulator transition. Our results demonstrate that more efficient charge induction can be achieved in suspended two-dimensional (2D) materials, which with further optimization, may enable extremely high charge density and novel phase transition.
Analyzing “Markets” for Sustainable Preservation: A Jordanian Case Study

When considering community-focused sustainable preservation and development projects, analysis at larger geographic scales such as the regional and national, forms an integral part of the structuring and decision-making processes. This statement is particularly relevant for NGOs considering whether to expand into a particular country or region, where economies of scale may require that multiple projects be feasible. In this chapter, I discuss the analytical framework for country entrance employed by the Sustainable Preservation Initiative (SPI) and the Tuck Global Consultancy, an affiliate of the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth, which conducted a study for SPI of potential projects in Jordan.
Paint it nanoblack

Ever since our ancestors painted images on the walls of caves, artists have sought pigments to represent the 10 million tints that humans can differentiate. Now they have a new ally: researchers who are using optical design principles, nanotechnology and inspiration from nature to create deeper blacks and purer whites.
Developing employee socio-technical flexibility in a multigenerational workforce

This paper identifies how management’s intentional use of participatory management practices can heighten knowledge sharing across a multigenerational workforce through the presence of socio-technical flexibility. In this conceptualization, we identify the value of socio-technical flexibility to effective employee knowledge sharing in three steps. First, we define the prominent characteristics of the current multigenerational workforce. Second, we define the behavioral characteristics of socio-technical flexibility. Third, we describe how an intentional use of salient management practices, including reverse mentoring, flexible work roles, and self-managed teams optimizes multigenerational talents to enhance employee socio-technical flexibility, which in turn, leads to multigenerational knowledge sharing. We believe that by embracing the benefits of multigenerational workforce, management can take intentional steps to create a workplace that optimizes effective knowledge sharing behaviors for improved service through salient participatory management practices.
Effect of temperature and exposure to moisture on leakage through VDP liners in TSV structures

Bake recoverable leakage in TSV (Through Silicon Via) structures was studied as a function of annealing and exposure to damp heat. It was demonstrated, unexpectedly, that moisture was not the source of the leakage as had been observed previously in integrated circuits. The data generated here suggests a new phenomenon not related to absorbed moisture. The test data, while not determining a cause, shows no correlation (in the VDP material tested) between an initial bump in leakage current and chemisorbed moisture. Despite that, a link between a bump in initial leakage current and an unknown vector (possibly an absorbed solvent other than water) was in fact found.
Mycoplasmosis in Egg Laying Flocks

Abstract The control of chronic respiratory disease in commercial egg-laying chickens that is associated with a Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection is necessary for sustaining the productivity and profitability of the commercial table egg industry. Therefore, its control is a major point of concern to producers. The use of live attenuated MG vaccines, such as the F-strain (FMG), has proven to be a practical strategy for the prevention of egg production losses in commercial egg-laying flocks that are associated with endemic field strain MG infections. However, the effects of live attenuated MG vaccines on the performance and physiology of commercial laying hens may vary in relation to the vaccine strain and the age of the bird when vaccinated. The use of various dietary supplements may also be beneficial in alleviating possible subsequent depressions in the egg production that might occur in response to an FMG vaccination administered during the pullet period.
Graduate School: Reflecting on Everything from Choosing to Finishing

Reflections in this section trace the process from selecting a graduate school program to passing qualifying exams to writing the “Big D”—the dissertation. Current graduate students and faculty offer their best advice for being successful in graduate school and overcoming the hurdles that will undoubtedly pop up.
Weaving a knowledge network for Deep Carbon Science

Geoscience researchers are increasingly dependent on informatics and the Web to conduct their research. Geoscience is one of the first domains that take lead in initiatives such as open data, open code, open access, and open collections, which comprise key topics of Open Science in academia. The meaning of being open can be understood at two levels. The lower level is to make data, code, sample collections and publications, etc. freely accessible online and allow reuse, modification and sharing. The higher level is the annotation and connection between those resources to establish a network for collaborative scientific research. In the data science component of the Deep Carbon Observatory (DCO), we have leveraged state-of-the-art information technologies and existing online resources to deploy a web portal for the over 1000 researchers in the DCO community. An initial aim of the portal is to keep track of all research and outputs related to the DCO community. Further, we intend for the portal to establish a knowledge network, which supports various stages of an open scientific process within and beyond the DCO community. Annotation and linking are the key characteristics of the knowledge network. Not only are key assets, including DCO data and methods, published in an open and inter-linked fashion, but the people, organizations, groups, grants, projects, samples, field sites, instruments, software programs, activities, meetings, etc. are recorded and connected to each other through relationships based on well-defined, formal conceptual models. The network promotes collaboration among DCO participants, improves the openness and reproducibility of carbon-related research, facilitates accreditation to resource contributors, and eventually stimulates new ideas and findings in deep carbon-related studies.
Environmental Oppression: Who is Targeted for Toxic Exposure?

In many respects, Indiana is a very average state. Geographically, it is in the middle of the country; its income is about average, as is its unemployment rate and its ethnic composition. Both agriculture and industry are well represented; it is a mix of North and South. It is average-except when it comes to toxic wastes. In this category, Indiana outpaces most other states (all but seven others). It consistently ranks among the top 10 on most listings of hazardous waste sites, air pollution, and so on. Although the state as a whole is heavily polluted, there are large parts that are relatively unpolluted. Many other parts are polluted beyond use, the so-called sacrifice zones. Public policy concerning allowable levels of pollution generally favors business interests. The regulatory agency, Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM), is and has been severely underfunded and understaffed. A part of an unwritten public policy concerning toxics seems to have been that you dump it in someone else's backyard-but not just anyone's backyard. Toxic waste facilities have been regularly located in areas populated by African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans, or Asian Americans. Environmental racism is a very insidious form of discrimination, sometimes destroying whole communities, other
The effect of communication topology on scalar field estimation by large networks with partially accessible measurements

This paper studies the problem of reconstructing a two-dimensional scalar field using measurements from a subset of a network with local communication between nodes. We consider the communication network of the nodes to form either a chain or a grid topology. We formulate the reconstruction problem as an optimization problem that is constrained by first-order linear dynamics on a large interconnected system. To solve this problem, we employ an optimization-based scheme that uses a gradient-based method with an analytical computation of the gradient. The main contribution of the paper is a derivation of bounds on the trace of the observability Gramian of the system, which can be used to quantify and compare the field estimation capabilities of chain and grid networks. A comparison based on a performance measure related to the ℋ 2 norm of the system is also used to study the robustness of the network topologies. Our results are validated in simulation using both Gaussian scalar fields and actual ocean salinity data.
Towards attack-agnostic defenses

Internet attackers control hundreds of thousands to perhaps millions of computers, which they can use for a variety of different attacks. Common attacks include spam delivery, phishing, and DDoS. The current research community focus is on defenses for each specific attack type compromised hosts may launch. However, attack-specific approaches almost always have two fundamental drawbacks: they do not address the root problem that attackers control an army of compromised hosts, and they do not provide the right incentives for users to properly secure their machines. As a result, attack-specific defenses may be defeated by new attacks, even those that may be only slightly different from old attacks. We argue researchers should also focus on attackagnostic defenses whose effectiveness does not depend on the particular attack type. We initiate this line of research by investigating the design space for attack-agnostic defenses, and then detailing two extreme points within the design space: an InternetWatch List and an Internet Reputation System.
Manipulation of Crystallization Sequence in PEO-b-PCL Films Using Solvent Interactions

The physical structure of polymer films is important for understanding the observed macroscopic properties. In crystalline–crystalline block copolymers, the hierarchical nature of assembly is even more influential. Controlling this assembly process is crucial for tailoring film properties. In materials where crystallization of each block occurs nearly simultaneously, the ability to manipulate crystallization order is desirable. Poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(e-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) films were monitored via ATR-FTIR to determine the crystallization order during drying from varying solvents. PCL crystallized first from most solvents except toluene and ethyl acetate, where PEO nucleation occurred first. Moreover, after melting the sample to remove solvent–polymer interaction effects, PCL was first to crystallize from the melt, as has been previously reported. Differences in the films’ morphologies based on crystallization order were observed using polarized optical microscopy. These results demonstrate that...
Immunolocalization of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans to AA Amyloid Deposition Sites in Spleen and Liver During Experimental Amyloidosis

Our previous histochemical studies have demonstrated that during experimental AA amyloidosis a close time relationship exists between initial amyloid and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation, regardless of the induction protocol used, tissue concerned or length of induction (13). Use of the Alcian blue — magnesium chloride staining technique (11) additionally suggested that highly sulfated GAGs were involved (13), Recent qualitative and quantitative biochemical investigations (14) have confirmed the close temporal relationship between initial amyloid and GAG deposition, and have identified heparan sulfate and heparin as the two major GAGs which accumulate in mouse spleen during experimental AA amyloidosis, a process which did not occur during acute inflammation.
Soils and Vegetation In extremis

In Afghanistan both the vegetation and the soil that it grows on are formed and controlled by a strong climate that ranges in extremes from high altitude, cold alpine ice and tundra, down through midaltitude/latitude forests and steppes to the low-altitude and lower-latitude, hot deserts. Actual potential vegetation has been mapped effectively on the land, even while extensive deforestation, dearbification (deshrubification), and overgrazing have added to soil salinization and soil erosion to alter the landscape considerably. Climate classification has been analytically well done in recent years and is thereby not greatly unknown or controversial, whereas soil types have been mapped in a number of different ways and along with the considerable soil degradation in recent centuries, strong indicators show a need for considerably greater attention to this resource.
Engineering Meteorology: The Effects of Weather and Climate on Concrete Pavement

Concrete pavement may be adversely affected by weather and climate through the freezing process either within or under the pavement. The common results of freezing action that are detrimental to th...
Altered Differential Leukocyte Counts Induced by Acute and Chronic Administration of Trichothecene T-2 Toxin or Aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxins and trichothecene toxins are produced by some fungal species of Aspergillus and Fusarium when grown on certain substrates which include barley (Hacking et al., 1976), maize (Caldwell and Tuite, 1970), hay (Mirocha et al., 1968), and other agricultural products (Golumbic and Kulik, 1969; Allcroft and Carnaghan, 1961). Cases of mycotoxicoses such as coagulopathies (Bababunmi and Bassir, 1969; John and Miller, 1969; Doerr et al., 1974) and immmunosuppression (Pier and McLoughlin, 1985) have been reported in animals following exposures to both aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin. Furthermore, T-2 toxin has been reported to cause anemia, lymphopenia, and eosinopenia concomitant with bone marrow suppression, necrosis of lymphoid tissue, hematopoietic tissue, and rapidly dividing germinal epithelium in the intestinal crypts. Both AFB1 and T-2 toxin have been implicated as biological/chemical warfare agents and may have been components of “yellow rain” repeatedly used in Southeast Asia (Mirocha, 1982; Dashek et al., 1986).
An Exploratory Study of the Relationship between Social Technology Use and Depression among College Students

College students carry a disproportionate burden of depression when compared to the general population. The purpose of this study is to explore the association between the use of social technologie...
Halogen-Mediated Partial Combustion of Methane in Molten Salts To Produce CO2-Free Power and Solid Carbon

The partial oxidation of methane to carbon and steam was investigated in molten salts for a process to produce CO2-free electrical power and solid carbon. Lithium iodide and lithium bromide catalys...
Energetics of melting of Yb2O3 and Lu2O3 from drop and catch calorimetry and first principles computations

Abstract The energetics of melting of Yb2O3 (Tfus 2707 ± 20 K) and Lu2O3 (Tfus 2762 ± 15 K) were studied experimentally by drop-and-catch (DnC) calorimetry and computationally by ab initio molecular dynamic (AI MD) techniques. Fusion enthalpies for Yb2O3 (102 ± 10) kJ∙mol−1 and Lu2O3 (125 ± 10) kJ∙mol−1 were derived from the steps in enthalpy increments from DnC experiments performed on liquid and solid samples laser heated in an argon flow. Fusion enthalpy values for Yb2O3 and Lu2O3 obtained from AI MD computations were 124 ± 2 kJ/mol and 124 ± 3 kJ/mol, respectively. High temperature heat capacity values for solid and liquid phases and volume change on melting were obtained from AI MD. Computed volume change on melting for both oxides is less than 1%, prompting an experimental investigation due to difference with prior experimental results. Experimental results indicate substantial dissolution of oxygen in liquid Lu2O3.
Simultaneous Bi-directional Communications and Data Forwarding using a Single ZigBee Data Stream

With the exponentially increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the huge volume of data generated by these devices, there is a pressing need to investigate a more efficient communication method in both frequency and time domains at the edge of the IoT networks. In this paper, we present Amphista, a novel cross-layer design for IoT communication and data forwarding that can more efficiently utilize the ever increasingly crowded 2.4 GHz spectrum near the gateway. Specifically, by using a single ZigBee data stream, Amphista enables a ZigBee device to send out two different pieces of information to both the WiFi gateway and another ZigBee device. We further leverage this unique feature and design a novel forwarding protocol that can simultaneously forward uplink (e.g., collecting sensing data) and downlink (e.g., disseminating software updates) data by using a single ZigBee data stream. Our extensive experimental results show that Amphista significantly improves throughput (by up to 400×) and reduces the latency.
Wireless Network Virtualization by Leveraging Blockchain Technology and Machine Learning

Wireless Virtualization (WiVi) is emerging as a new paradigm to provide high speed communications and meet Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements of users while reducing the deployment cost of wireless infrastructure for future wireless networks. In WiVi, Wireless Infrastructure Providers (WIPs) sublease their RF channels through slicing to Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs) based on their Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and the MVNOs independently provide wireless services to their end users. This paper investigates the wireless network virtualization by leveraging both Blockchain technology and machine learning to optimally allocate wireless resources. To eliminate double spending (aka over-committing) of WIPs' wireless resources such as RF channels, Blockchain - a distributed ledger - technology is used where a reputation is used to penalize WIPs with past double spending habit. The proposed reputation based approach helps to minimize extra delay caused by double spending attempts and Blockchain operations. To optimally predict the QoS requirements of MVNOs for their users, linear regression - a machine learning approach - is used that helps to minimize the latency introduced due to (multiple wrong) negotiations for SLAs. The performance evaluation of the proposed approach is carried out by using numerical results obtained from simulations. Results have shown that the joint Blockchain and machine learning based approach outperforms the other approaches.
"This is a Pakhtun disease": Pakhtun health journalists' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to polio vaccine acceptance among the high-risk Pakhtun community in Pakistan.

Abstract Introduction Pakistan is one of only three poliomyelitis-endemic countries in the world. Twelve wild poliovirus (WPV) cases were recorded in the country in 2018. Even though resistance to oral polio vaccine (OPV) has decreased over time, there are still pockets of communities, mostly ethnic Pakhtun living in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, that resist OPV. Although local journalists may be important sources of health information, past studies have overlooked their role in this context. The purpose of this study was to examine Pakhtun health journalists’ beliefs regarding OPV and their views of the barriers and facilitators that influence OPV acceptance or hesitancy in their communities. Methods We recruited and interviewed 33 Pakhtun journalists covering health issues for diverse media outlets in high-risk districts for WPV of the KP province. The semi-structured interviews were translated, transcribed, and analyzed for themes. Results The participants strongly supported OPV and advocated that children in their own families and communities get vaccinated against polio. At the same time, they felt that their communities faced more urgent health needs that were not addressed by the government. They identified barriers at the media organizational level operating against accurate coverage of OPV, including financial and time constraints, a lack of checks and balances, and limited health literacy. They regarded press releases issued by the officials associated with OPV campaigns as the main facilitators in the coverage of OPV. The participants perceived lack of community trust in the government, security concerns, and community members’ religious beliefs as the major impediments to increase in uptake of OPV. Conclusion Pakhtun health journalists have the potential to be important partners in national polio eradication initiatives. They should receive culturally sensitive training in local languages at appropriate literacy levels. We also suggest direct involvement of journalists in community mobilization efforts.
Deep Imaging of Diffuse Light Around Galaxies and Clusters: Progress and Challenges

Over the past several decades, advances in telescope/detector technologies and deep imaging techniques have pushed surface brightness limits to ever fainter levels. We can now both detect and measure the diffuse, extended star light that surrounds galaxies and permeates galaxy clusters, enabling the study of galaxy halos, tidal streams, diffuse galaxy populations, and the assembly history of galaxies and galaxy clusters. With successes come new challenges, however, and pushing even deeper will require careful attention to systematic sources of error. In this review I highlight recent advances in the study of diffuse starlight in galaxies, and discuss challenges faced by the next generation of deep imaging campaigns.
Missing in Action: Gifted Black Girls in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics:

Many commonplace stories, including the authors and those they have heard, substantiate a critical and undeniable truth: marginalized and underrepresented students’ development through the science,...
Electromagnetic Transponder Localization and Real-Time Tracking for Prostate Cancer Radiation Therapy: Clinical Impact of Metallic Hip Prostheses.

Abstract Purpose Our purpose was to assess the ability of electromagnetic transponders (EMTs) to localize and track movements in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) with metallic hip prostheses (MHPs) treated with curative radiation therapy (RT). Methods and Materials Data sets of 8 PCa patients with MHPs (3 bilateral and 5 unilateral) treated between 2016 and 2018 with RT and EMT tracking were retrospectively assessed. The distances between the 3 EMTs (apex to left, left to right, right to apex) and the isocenter were calculated both on planning computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT (CBCT) at the first treatment fraction and compared with data reported by Calypso. EMT position and treatment interruptions triggered by Calypso were analyzed for all evaluable treatment fractions (n = 120). Localization accuracy was quantified by recording the geometric residual value (expected limit ≤0.2 cm) at the RT setup. Results The Calypso system was able to localize and track prostate position without any detectable interference from MHP. For every treatment fraction, the agreement between the CBCT images and Calypso guidance was optimal, with EMTs always within the defined tolerance (ie, CT-Calypso or CBCT-Calypso measured differences in inter-EMT distances within 0.3 cm). EMT to isocenter distances measured by Calypso reproduced CT data and were confirmed on CBCT scans. During RT, the EMT centroid exceeded the threshold 24 times (20% of all fractions): 5 times in the left-right, 15 times in the anteroposterior, and 4 times in the superoinferior directions. The largest motions recorded were in the anteroposterior axis: 0.6 cm anteriorly and 0.5 cm posteriorly in patients with unilateral and bilateral MHP, respectively. Conclusions Our study represents the first clinical experience assessing the localization and tracking accuracy of Calypso EMTs during curative RT of patients with PCa with unilateral or bilateral MHP.
Response to “Built and Natural Environment Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity in Rural, Suburban, and Small Urban Neighborhoods”

DeGuzman et al. (2019) should be commended for their article "Built and Natural Environment Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity in Rural, Suburban, and Small Urban Neighborhoods." The work is a meaningful contribution to the oncology field, given the health disparity among patients with cancer living in rural and suburban communities. Nurses need to be part of the larger conversation and advocate for patients through policy reform that supports access to an equitable built environment. DeGuzman et al.'s (2019) article starts this conversation. In this letter, I wish to build on that initial conversation by deepening the discussion of built environment and costs as significant barriers to physical activity in cancer survivors.
Understanding and Tracking the Excess Proton in Ab Initio Simulations; Insights from IR Spectra

Proton transport in aqueous media is ubiquitously important in chemical and biological processes. Although ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations have made great progress in characterizing proton transport, there has been a long-standing challenge in defining and tracking the excess proton, or more properly, the center of excess charge (CEC) created when a hydrogen nucleus distorts the electron distributions of water molecules in a delocalized and highly dynamic nature. Yet, defining (and biasing) such a CEC is essential when combining AIMD with enhanced sampling methods to calculate the relevant macroscopic properties via free-energy landscapes, which is the standard practice for most processes of interest. Several CEC formulas have been proposed and used, but none have yet been systematically tested or rigorously derived. In this paper, we show that the CEC can be used as a computational tool to disentangle IR features of the solvated excess proton from its surrounding solvent, and in turn, how correlating the features in the excess charge spectrum with the behavior of CEC in simulations enables a systematic evaluation of various CEC definitions. We present a new definition of CEC and show how it overcomes the limitations of those currently available both from a spectroscopic point of view and from a practical perspective of performance in enhanced sampling simulations.
Preoperative Evaluation and Anesthetic Management of Patients With Liver Cirrhosis Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Preoperative evaluation and anesthetic management of patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing cardiac surgery remain a clinical challenge because of its high risk for perioperative complications. This narrative review article summarizes the pathophysiology and anesthetic implication of liver cirrhosis on each organ system. It will help physicians to evaluate surgical candidates, to optimize intraoperative management, and to anticipate complications in liver cirrhosis patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Morbidity typically results from bleeding, sepsis, multisystem organ failure, or hepatic insufficiency. These complications occur as a result of the presence of coagulopathy, poor nutritional status, immune dysfunction, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, and renal and pulmonary dysfunction that occur with liver cirrhosis. Therefore, liver cirrhosis should not be seen as a single disease, but one that manifests with multiorgan dysfunction. Cardiac surgery in patients with liver cirrhosis increases the risk of perioperative complications, and it presents a particular challenge to the anesthesiologist in that nearly every aspect of normally functioning physiology may be jeopardized in a unique way. Accurately classifying the extent of liver disease, preoperative optimization, and surgical risk communication with the patient are crucial. In addition, all teams involved in the surgery should communicate openly and coordinate in order to ensure optimal care. To reduce perioperative complications, consider using off-pump cardiopulmonary bypass techniques and optimal perfusion modalities to mimic current physiologic conditions.
Enhancement in bonding strength and ageing resistance of polychloroprene solvent-base adhesives through graft copolymerization

In this research, graft copolymerization of Methyl methacrylate (MMA; hereafter) on to Polychloroprene rubber (CR; hereafter) has been processed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an initiator...
Jonson’s Ridicule of Shakespeare: Commodifying Drama in “To the Reader” of The Alchemist

Shakespeare and Jonson engaged in a theatrical debate concerning the so-called rules of art, with Jonson advocating for the reform of popular drama’s imaginative excesses. Neglecting Jonson’s early modern publicity campaign to challenge Shakespeare’s reputation blinds us to a metatheatrical dialogue which has come to define the terms through which their drama is interpreted. Yet to claim these authors responded significantly to each other’s work contradicts the still widely accepted theory that Jonson said nothing publicly about Shakespeare while he was active in the theater and that Shakespeare therefore had no reason to engage him. I argue, however, that Jonson became his own publicity agent, formulating his address “To the Reader” of The Alchemist (1612) as a fierce coded criticism of The Winter’s Tale, which the King’s Men probably acted in 1611, following their earlier productions of Alchemist and Catiline. Jonson’s response to The Winter’s Tale stems from his having interpreted it, justifiably, as witty mockery of his artistic principles.
Development of a 2NN-MEAM potential for Ti-B system and studies of the temperature dependence of the nanohardness of TiB2

Abstract Boride ceramics are materials of choice in extreme conditions. Among them, titanium borides have many applications due to their high hardnesses and melting points. The behavior of titanium borides may not be easily studied at very high pressures and temperatures by experimental means. Alternatively, molecular dynamics (MD) is a powerful computational tool to investigate the desired behavior of materials in certain conditions. In this study, we develop an interatomic potential for the Ti B system based on the second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method (2NN-MEAM) formulation. With the developed potential, MD simulations reproduce many physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of titanium borides with good accuracy. As an application of the developed potential, a series of nanoindentation simulations is also conducted to investigate the temperature dependence of the nanohardness of TiB 2 up to 1500 K. The results illustrate a linear dependence between nanohardness and temperature.
Financial regulation, non-compliance risks and control: A statistical approach

Financial Regulation is a socio-political and economic need that has risks and a price. Globalization, the growth fi- nancial institutions, both national and a-national, complex financial futures and other products, financial chains, intermediaries and networks, etc. have increased the complexity of finance. Not least, a growth of financial technologies (both in hardware and software) has amplified opportunities to profit has also challenged regulators and regulation. A regulatory response, following the 2007-2009 financial crisis, based on the Dodd-Frank act has at the same time generated hundreds of regulations, some mis- understood and misinterpreted by an endless series of court cases. E developments have rendered compliance, both complex and at best costly and elusive. While an extensive research on regulation has focused on the implications of one or another regulatory edict, little research has focused on defining non-compliance and defining controls to an increasingly strategic regulatory envi- ronment. The purpose of this paper is raise a number of regulation risks and provide a strategic and statistical (gaming) approach to regulation and its control based on a "regulation game" of a regulated financial institution and its regulators. Unlike previous studies focused on the scope and the intent of regulation, this paper calls attention to the implications of controls.
Doubt and Divinity: Cicero's Influence on Hume's Religious Skepticism

It is standardly acknowledged that Hume was, to no small extent, a Ciceronian. He himself says so, writing for instance in a letter to Francis Hutcheson that "Upon the whole, I desire to take my catalogue of Virtues from Cicero's Offices, not from the Whole Duty of Man. I had, indeed, the former Book in my Eye in all my Reasonings."1 In his autobiographical essay, My Own Life, while discussing the years of feverish study he pursued during the late 1720s after having just left university, Hume mentions that My studious Disposition, my Sobriety, and my Industry gave my Family a Notion that the Law was a proper Profession for me: But I found an unsurmountable Aversion to every thing but the pursuits of Philosophy and general Learning; and while they fancyed I was pouring over Voet and Vinnius, Cicero and Virgil were the Authors which I was secretly devouring.2 Analyses of Hume's biography and of the culture in which his thought developed give us every indication to regard these remarks as sincere.3 Current textual studies of Hume's Âœuvre are, on this point, in accord. However, the standard acknowledgement is incomplete and, in places, even erroneous. Whether by focusing their interpretive lenses too narrowly or by noticing only superficial aspects of comparison, commentators have significantly underestimated the depth of Cicero's influence upon Hume.
Transseptal antegrade transcatheter aortic valve replacement for patients with no other access approach - a contemporary experience.

Objective To assess the feasibility and outcomes in patients undergoing transvenous transseptal (TS) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background TS approach for TAVR was abandoned in favor of retrograde transfemoral, transaortic, or transapical approaches. TS TAVR may still be warranted in patients for whom no other approach is feasible. Methods Observational consecutive case series at a single center, to evaluate technical outcomes in inoperable patients with aortic stenosis who had contraindications for other approaches and who underwent TAVR via a transvenous TS antegrade approach using the Edwards–Sapien (ES) valve. Results Over a 4-month period, 9 patients underwent TS TAVR with 26 mm (n = 4) and 23 mm (n = 5) ES valves. Mean age was 84.5 ± 6.6 years and Society of Thoracic Surgeons predicted risk of mortality was 7.8 ± 2.8%. Specific contraindications for other access included iliofemoral arterial diameter <7 mm in 9 (100%), porcelain aorta in 6 (66%) patients, multiple (≥2) sternotomies in 2 (22%) patients, severe pulmonary disease in 3 (33%), extreme frailty in 1 (11%), spinal stenosis with impaired ability to rehabilitate postsurgery in 1 (11%) and apical left ventricular thrombus in 1 (11%) patient. Antegrade deployment of the ES prosthetic valve was technically feasible in 8 patients. Major bleeding occurred in 4 patients, two patients suffered acute kidney injury without need for dialysis and one patient required a permanent pacemaker. The median (25th, 75th percentiles) fluoroscopy time was 49 (34, 81) minutes and contrast volume was 150 (120, 225) ml. No patient had hemodynamically significant post-TAVR aortic insufficiency nor damage to the mitral valve. At 6 months follow-up, there were no cerebrovascular events or rehospitalizations and mean NYHA Class improved from 3.4 to 1.7. Conclusions The antegrade TS approach to TAVR is a technically feasible option for “no-access” patients. Prospective assessment of the safety and efficacy of this approach in the current era warrants further study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergistic effect of palmitate and nicotine treatments in diabetic heart (LB560)

Background: Metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension) contribute to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Risk factors...
Compression of digital elevation maps using nonlinear wavelets

We study the application of nonlinear max- and min-lifted wavelets to the compression of digital elevation maps (DEMs). Such wavelets have the desirable property that regional maximum or minimum values are preserved at coarse resolutions, making it possible with proper encoding to efficiently search for high/low points without decoding the entire file. In course of studying these nonlinear transforms, we first quantify the dynamic range expansion incurred by using them, and we then illustrate with an example how maximum values propagate to coarse scales. As a first step, we consider encoding the resulting coefficients using two popular algorithms: set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) and stack-run. In doing this, we find that efficiently exploiting inter-scale redundancies in the transform is far more important for these wavelets than it is for the more commonly used (2,2)-integer wavelet (also called the 5/3 wavelet).
A general iterative sparse linear solver and its parallelization for interval Newton methods

Interval Newton/Generalized Bisection methods reliably find all numerical solutions within a given domain. Both computational complexity analysis and numerical experiments have shown that solving the corresponding interval linear system generated by interval Newton's methods can be computationally expensive (especially when the nonlinear system is large).
Obstacle avoidance inverse kinematics solution of redundant manipulators by neural networks

Summary form only given. A neural network scheme is proposed to solve the inverse kinematic problem for redundant robots in an environment with or without obstacles. The inverse kinematic solution of a four link planar robot is simulated using a multilayer feedforward network with hidden units having sigmoidal functions and output units having linear functions. The results show that the proposed scheme provides very satisfactory solutions. >
Evaluation of field sampling techniques including electronic noses and a dynamic headspace sampler for use in fire investigations

Arson is a serious crime but the cause of an arson fire can be difficult to find. Field portable electronic noses are evaluated in this study for their ability to detect the presence of accelerants in specific areas of a fire scene. Several common household materials are tested, with and without being burned with common accelerants, to determine the readings achieved with the electronic noses. Most samples were found to have detectable amounts of volatile compounds after burning. Some of the matrix materials alone were found to have levels similar to those of the accelerants. A proficiency test designed for accelerant detecting canines was replicated using one of the electronic noses. The detector was found to successfully discriminate between samples containing only matrix and those which also contained accelerants. However, it was not able to alert to the location of a small amount of accelerant spiked onto a pine board. For the extraction and collection of accelerants from fire debris, a portable dynamic headspace sampler is used. Volatile compounds are drawn off the headspace of a sample and deposited in an adsorbent filled tube. The desorbed samples are analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. This method has demonstrated ability to concentrate small amounts of a range of volatile accelerants from burned debris. The three field portable instruments have shown to be useful and will continue to be evaluated for their ability to detect and collect accelerants in fire debris.