cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early interactive processes: Parenting by adolescent and adult single mothers

Abstract The parenting skills of adolescent (15–18 years) and adult (19–37 years) single mothers were compared in terms of behavior frequencies, appropriateness, and vocal responsiveness. Corresponding behavior frequencies and vocal responsiveness of infants were also examined. Twenty-four adolescent mothers and 24 adult mothers were observed in their homes for 1 hour when their infants were 4 months old. At 12 months, similar observations were conducted with 17 of the mother-infant dyads in each group. All mothers were primiparous, Caucasian, and single at the time of their infants' births; adolescent and adult mothers were approximately matched on family background. Even with these controls, differences were evident in the parenting of adolescent and adult mothers. With their 4-month-old infants, adolescent mothers vocalized less, smiled less, and offered or showed toys less frequently than did adult mothers. When their infants were 12 months old, adolescent mothers were rated as less appropriate in their interactions and were significantly less vocally responsive than adult mothers. Infants of adolescent mothers, as compared with infants of adult mothers, exhibited less smiling and vocalizing at 4 months and an absence of vocal responsiveness at 4 and 12 months.
Human capital, signaling, and the pattern of returns to education

This paper analyzes the implications of the pattern of returns to education for human capital and signaling models. The US Current Population Survey shows diploma effects and small returns to the interval just before college graduation. A human capital model explains this pattern only under special circumstances unlikely to be stable. A Spence-type signaling model can explain diploma effects, but not the low return prior to graduation unless there is substantial measurement error. I propose an extension of the signaling model where agents are initially unsure of their ability. Copyright 2002, Oxford University Press.
Formative evaluation: four years later

If you want to find out how slow progress really is, invite a speaker back to report on reserch impacts four years later. It is very hard to say that a tremendous amount of progress has been made. One sign of progress is that many more people are interested in user-friendly systems nowadays than were four years ago.
Observations of Solar X-Ray Bursts in the Energy Range 5-15 keV

Bursts of solar X-rays in the energy range 5–15 keV are associated with flares and are due to thermal emission from a hot coronal plasma. In this paper we present the results of the first study of a large sample of separate bursts, 197 events associated with subflares and a few importance 1 events. The observations were made by a proportional counter on the satellite OSO-7 from October 1971 to June 1972. In most cases the temperature characterizing the X-ray spectrum rises impulsively at the onset of the burst and then declines slowly throughout the remainder of the burst. The emission measure rises exponentially with a time scale of 30–100 s and then declines slowly, on a time scale of the order of 103 s. From these observations we show that the growth of the thermal energy in the flare plasma throughout the burst can be due to the heating of new cool material.
Vertical Integration and Input Flows

Abstract We use broad-based yet detailed data from the economy's goods-producing sectors to investigate firms' ownership of production chains. It does not appear that vertical ownership is primarily used to facilitate transfers of goods along the production chain, as is often presumed: roughly one-half of upstream establishments report no shipments to downstream establishments within the same firm. We propose an alternative explanation for vertical ownership, namely that it promotes efficient intrafirm transfers of intangible inputs. We show evidence consistent with this hypothesis, including the fact that, after a change of ownership, an acquired establishment begins to resemble the acquiring firm along multiple dimensions. (JEL G32, G34, L14, L22, L60, M11)
Faces/Off: Challenges to Postcolonial Theory Along the Hong Kong-Hollywood Axis

This article confronts key postcolonial theoretical concepts through an examination of critical incongruities in and between Hollywood and Hong Kong filmic discourses. By challenging certain assumptions of postcoloniality (hybridity, bricolage, the subaltern, etc.), the authors expose inconsistencies in industrial, academic, and literary practices- ambiguities lurking between discursive patterns of Eastern and Western film production, consumption, and criticism—and show how such postcolonial constructs are found wanting when it comes to representing the flux and mangle found in Hollywood/Hong Kong interaction.
Planting Date and Potassium Fertility Effects on Cotton Yield and Fiber Properties

Late planting causes cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to flower later in the season so boll development occurs at lower temperatures. Potassium deficiency elicits some of the same responses in cotton that delayed planting does. Together, these stresses may affect the yield and fiber quality beyond the individual effects of late planting and K deficiency. Our objective was to determine the effect of K fertilization on normal- and late-planted cotton. In 1991, 1992, and 1993, three cotton genotypes (PD 5286, PD 5358, and PD 5472) were seeded in late April and late May on a Hornsville loamy sand (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Aquic Hapludult) soil with and without annual applications of 100 Ib K 2 O/acre. Soil K in the upper 6-in. was 95 Iblacre at the initiation of the experiment. Soil K did not differ between the two K fertilizer treatments after the 1991 growing season. After the 1992 and 1993 seasons, K in the 0- to 6- and 6- to 12-in. soil layers was greater in the 100 Ib K 2 O/acre treatment than in the 0 Ib K 2 O/acre treatment, but no differences occurred at greater depths. Potassium fertilization did not affect flower production in either planting date in any year. Potassium deficiency reduced the lint yield and fiber length of PD 5286 and PD 5358 but not that of PD 5472. Besides yield and fiber length, fiber perimeter was the only parameter reduced by K deficiency. Late planting caused reduced yield in only I of the 3 yr, and for only two of the three genotypes. In general, cotton planted in late May had higher yarn strength, elongation, and fiber length, but lower micronaire and fiber maturity than cotton planted in late April. No interactions that included both K and planting date were significant for lint yield, yarn strength, or any of the fiber properties. This indicates that additional attention to K fertility is not needed in production systems where the boll maturation period is delayed.
Compton scattering in the presence of lorentz and CPT violation

We examine the process of Compton scattering, in the presence of a Lorentz- and $CPT$-violating modification to the structure of the electron. We calculate the complete tree-level contribution to the cross section; our result is valid to all orders in the Lorentz-violating parameter. We find a cross section that differs qualitatively from the Klein-Nishina result at small frequencies, and we also encounter a previously undescribed complication that will arise in the calculation of many Lorentz-violation cross sections: The Lorentz violation breaks the spin degeneracy of the external states, so we cannot use a closure relation to calculate the unpolarized cross section.
Comparison of peptide-coating conditions in solid phase plate assays for detection of anti-peptide antibodies.

Mice were immunized with 14 free (i.e. not conjugated to any carrier) synthetic peptides representing the entire human hemoglobin alpha-chain. Antibodies against each peptide were determined using solid phase radioimmunoassay, both with free peptides and peptides coupled to a protein carrier as the coating antigen. It has been demonstrated that large improvements in the ability to detect anti-peptide antibodies were achieved in some cases by precoating the assay wells with free peptides and in other cases by precoating with peptide-protein conjugates. Sodium carbonate buffer, pH 9.6, had a favorable effect on the coating of two of the free peptides when compared with phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2. The assay with the plates coated with optimum peptide form (free peptide or peptide-protein conjugate) was superior in the detection of antibody binding to 9 of the peptides when compared with the assay using chemically activated plates. The results suggest that the appropriate form (conjugated or free) and conditions for immobilizing small peptides to plastic supports are not universal but will have to be determined for each test peptide.
Re-Examining the Role of Explicit Instruction and Input Flood on the Acquisition of Spanish Discourse Markers.

Expanding on the studies of Hernandez (2008) and de la Fuente (2009), this investigation examines the combined effect of explicit instruction (EI) and input flood (IF) vs. IF alone on students’ use of discourse markers to narrate a past event. Participants included 91 English-speaking adults enrolled in fourth-semester college Spanish courses, assigned to the EI + IF group (n = 36), the IF group (n = 30), or the control group (n = 25). The EI + IF group was provided with EI on the function and use of discourse markers. This group also received a flood of input containing the target forms. Students were provided with communicative practice and feedback. In contrast, the IF group did not receive EI + IF on the use of discourse markers. This group received the same flood of input as the EI group. The IF group was presented with communicative practice although there was no feedback. Results of a speaking task administered as a pre-test, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test indicated that both treatments...
Studies on thymus of the mammal. IX. Histochemical study of irradiated mouse thymus.

Summary and conclusions1. In the normal thymus the relatively few mesenchymal reticular cells give a positive reaction for acid phosphatase in acetone fixed sections. There are fewer reactive cells in the cortex than in the medulla. 2. As early as 2 hours after irradiation the mesenchymal reticular cells are mobilized to become active macrophages which stain deeply in the acid phosphatase technic. These become more numerous until at 24 and 36 hours after irradiation the involuted cortex is loaded with macrophages containing ingested lymphocytes or full of vacuoles. At these hours the browned cytoplasm of the epithelial cells is seen as the stroma of the depleted cortex. At 3. 5 and 7 days there is a gradual diminution in number and size of reactive cells. At 9 days the appearance of the thymus is essentially normal.
What Great Creation

In this case study, an early-career mechanical engineer interviews an established translational bioscientist about mechanisms for merging engineering and biomedicine to pursue clinically informed research questions.
Numerical Simulation of Probe Measurements in Non-equilibrium Plasma

14 m -3 , vi = 2,380 m/s, Ti = 1 eV, Te = 1eV) also show good agreement with Bohm sheath theory. Simulated measurements of ion current on a 2D probe geometry are 10-20% higher than expected from elementary theory, suggesting a focusing effect of electric fields in the sheath.
A Direct Physical Interface for Navigation and Positioning of a Robotic Nursing Assistant

People often use direct physical contact to guide a person to a desired location (e.g., leading a child by the hand) or to adjust a person's posture for a task (e.g., a dance instructor working with a dancer). When a user is in close proximity to a robot, physical contact becomes a potentially valuable channel for communication. We define a direct physical interface (DPI) as an interface that enables a user to influence a robot's behavior by making contact with its body. We evaluated a DPI in a controlled laboratory setting with 18 nurses and compared its performance with that of a comparable gamepad interface. The DPI significantly outperformed the gamepad according to several objective and subjective measures. Nurses also tended to exert more force at the robot's end-effectors and command higher velocities when using the DPI to perform a navigation task compared with using the DPI to perform a positioning task. Based on user surveys, we identify various nursing tasks where robotic assistance may be usef...
The Role of Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Dementia affects at least one in eight individuals aged 65 and older in the United States alone (1). Several forms of dementia exist, with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) being the most prevalent, representing up to 70% of cases of dementia, alone or in combination with vascular disease. Inflammation has been linked to the etiology of dementia, either as a primary or secondary process. Supporting this theory, several lines of evidence suggest a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of dementia. First, some observational studies suggest a neuroprotective effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), although this may be limited to NSAID use in midlife or early in the disease process, and among those with one or more apolipoprotein e4 alleles (2,3). Second, neuropathological and neuroimaging studies have shown that even in the early stages of AD, one can observe amyloid-beta deposition, microglial activation, and upregulation of genes encoding for inflammatory proteins (4). Lastly, peripheral inflammatory markers may be indicative of more global inflammatory processes that relate directly or indirectly to dementia risk via their role in the development and progression of other conditions such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) (5) and type 2 diabetes (6). Several observational studies show no association between peripheral inflammatory markers and risk of dementia whereas others report a positive association. This inconsistency may be attributed to differences in study design, participant-level characteristics, or lack of power. Therefore, the researchers conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with the hypothesis that increased levels of peripheral proinflammatory markers would be associated with greater risk of all-cause dementia or AD among nondemented adult populations.
Low-floor decoders for LDPC codes

One of the most significant impediments to the use of LDPC codes in many communication and storage systems is the error-rate floor phenomenon associated with their iterative decoders. The error floor has been attributed to certain subgraphs of an LDPC code's Tanner graph induced by so-called trapping sets. We show in this paper that once we identify the trapping sets of an LDPC code of interest, a sum-product algorithm (SPA) decoder can be custom-designed to yield floors that are orders of magnitude lower than floors of the the conventional SPA decoder. We present three classes of such decoders: (1) a bi-mode decoder, (2) a bit-pinning decoder which utilizes one or more outer algebraic codes, and (3) three generalized-LDPC decoders. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these decoders for two codes, the rate-1/2 (2640,1320) Margulis code which is notorious for its floors and a rate-0.3 (640,192) quasi-cyclic code which has been devised for this study. Although the paper focuses on these two codes, the decoder design techniques presented are fully generalizable to any LDPC code.
Effect of dwell time on single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data acquisition quality

The characterization, sizing, and quantification of metal-based nanoparticles (NP) in a variety of matrices using single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (SP-ICP-MS) is becoming increasingly popular due to the sensitive nature of the technique. Nanoparticle events in the plasma are less than 0.5 ms in duration; however current quadrupole-based ICP-MS instruments are limited to instrument dwell times in the millisecond range and have data acquisition overhead that adversely affects data quality. Novel instrument settings and data processing techniques can be used to explore the benefits of continuous data acquisition rates as fast as 105 Hz (or 10 μs dwell times). This paper provides data on the different effects data acquisition rate has on the quality of data that can be obtained by SP-ICP-MS. The effect of varying the dwell time and its influence on particle integration, particle counting, particle sizing, and background signal is discussed. This paper provides data on identifying the significant instrument settings and their implications on nanoparticle characterization.
Role of Papillomavirus E1 Initiator Dimerization in DNA Replication

Viral initiator proteins are polypeptides that form oligomeric complexes on the origin of DNA replication (ori). These complexes carry out a multitude of functions related to initiation of DNA replication, and although many of these functions have been characterized biochemically, little is understood about how the complexes are assembled. Here we demonstrate that loss of one particular interaction, the dimerization between E1 DNA binding domains, has a severe effect on DNA replication in vivo but has surprisingly modest effects on most individual biochemical activities in vitro. We conclude that the dimer interaction is primarily required for initial recognition of ori.
Autophagy in Niemann-Pick C disease is dependent upon Beclin-1 and responsive to lipid trafficking defects

Niemann-Pick C (NPC) disease is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder characterized by a disruption of sphingolipid and cholesterol trafficking that produces cognitive impairment, ataxia and death, often in childhood. Most cases are caused by loss of function mutations in the Npc1 gene, which encodes a protein that localizes to late endosomes and functions in lipid sorting and vesicle trafficking. Here, we demonstrate that NPC1-deficient primary human fibroblasts, like npc1(-/-) mice fibroblasts, showed increased autophagy as evidenced by elevated LC3-II levels, numerous autophagic vacuoles and enhanced degradation of long-lived proteins. Autophagy because of NPC1 deficiency was associated with increased expression of Beclin-1 rather than activation of the Akt-mTOR-p70 S6K signaling pathway, and siRNA knockdown of Beclin-1 decreased long-lived protein degradation. Induction of cholesterol trafficking defects in wild-type fibroblasts by treatment with U18666A increased Beclin-1 and LC3-II expression, whereas treatment of NPC1-deficient fibroblasts with sphingolipid-lowering compound NB-DGJ failed to alter the expression of either Beclin-1 or LC3-II. Primary fibroblasts from patients with two other sphingolipid storage diseases, NPC2 deficiency and Sandhoff disease, characterized by sphingolipid trafficking defects also showed elevation in Beclin-1 and LC3-II levels. In contrast, Gaucher disease fibroblasts, which traffic sphingolipids normally, showed wild-type levels of Beclin-1 and LC3-II. Our data define a critical role for Beclin-1 in the activation of autophagy because of NPC1 deficiency, and reveal an unexpected role for lipid trafficking in the regulation of this pathway in patients with several sphingolipid storage diseases.
Physicians Have a Responsibility to Meet the Health Care Needs of Society

People often need medical care unexpectedly and through no fault of their own. Although the system of health care in the United States is seriously flawed, our beliefs and values nevertheless commit us to rescue people with urgent medical needs. The medical profession - society's primary instrument for provision of health services - shoulders a responsibility to meet society's health care needs. In carrying out that responsibility, physicians should advocate for a less chaotic, more compassionate, and ultimately more effective system with universal, timely, access to health care. Such a system will increase physicians' job satisfaction, allow physicians to focus more sharply on clinical problem-solving and building relationships with patients, and improve the general health of the population. At the same time, the medical profession must embrace a responsibility to eliminate useless medical interventions and to practice more cost-effectively.
Paradigm proliferation as a good thing to think with: teaching research in education as a wild profusion

This paper situates paradigm talk with its insistence on multiplicities and proliferations in tension with a resurgent positivism and governmental imposition of experimental design as the gold standard in research methods. Using the concept of ‘coloring epistemologies’ as an index of such tensions, the essay argues for proliferation as an ontological and historical claim. What all of this might mean in the teaching of research in education is dealt with in a delineation of five aporias that are fruitful in helping students work against technical thought and method: aporias of objectivity, complicity, difference, interpretation, and legitimization. The essay concludes with a ‘disjunctive affirmation’ of multiple ways of going about educational research in terms of finding our way into a less comfortable social science full of stuck places and difficult philosophical issues of truth, interpretation and responsibility.
Controlling EMI in telecommunications ICs

Today's complex, deep submicron system-on-chip (SOC) designs, with their smallest feature sizes, increased densities, higher frequencies, and lower supply voltages, have made noise coupling at the packaging and substrate level, key issues for wireless designers of ICs. Until recently, designers have been forced to use rule-of-thumb methodologies to guard against crosstalk at the substrate and packaging level. New substrate modeling and package modeling analysis tools outline in this work have made it possible for designers to understand the effects of noise coupling across their chip's substrates and packaging, and to address the problem early in the design cycle. Finally, transient voltages are a fact of life in telecommunications equipment. The increase complexity of semiconductors has made them more sensitive to the effects of overvoltage due to decreasing geometries. In this work, the authors suggest the selection of protection circuits.
The Influence of Soil Fertility on Rhizosphere Effects in Northern Hardwood Forest Soils

Enhanced levels of microbial biomass and activity in the rhizosphere arise from labile C released from roots but the factors that mediate such “rhizosphere effects” are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the magnitude of rhizosphere effects would be reduced by increases in soil fertility, consistent with plant C allocation theory, which predicts decreased C flux to roots in fertile soils. Replicate plots of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) at the Turkey Hill Plantations, New York, and yellow birch (Betula allenghaniensis Britton) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, were fertilized from 2001 to 2003. In fall of 2003, rhizosphere and bulk soils were sampled from the organic horizon of control and fertilized plots and analyzed for microbial biomass and nutrient transformation rates. In general, fertilization reduced microbial biomass and activity in plots of all three species, and the magnitude of such effects was generally greater in rhizosphere than in bulk soil. In red oak soils, fertilization reduced rhizosphere effects on microbial biomass, net N mineralization rates, and phosphatase enzyme activity (P = 0.026, 0.091, and 0.061, respectively). In contrast, fertilization only reduced rhizosphere effects on microbial biomass in sugar maple soils (P = 0.019). In yellow birch soils, fertilization decreased rhizosphere effects on microbial biomass (P = 0.015). These results suggest that soil fertility may mediate the degree to which roots affect microbial activity in forest soils, possibly due to fertilizer-induced shifts in belowground C supply.
Effects of dextrin and cellulose on feeding and reproduction in female brown‐banded cockroaches, Supella longipalpa

Food consumption and reproduction were compared through two gonotrophic cycles in female brown-banded cockroaches, Supella longipalpa (F.), fed a standard rat food diet which had been serially diluted with methyl cellulose, alpha cellulose or dextrin. Females did not increase daily intake to compensate for dilution, and reproductive rate was highly dependent upon the degree of dilution of the diet. With increasing dextrin concentrations, digestibility increased, but reproductive rate, size and mass of oothecae, and efficiency of food utilization progressively decreased. On diets containing 75% rat food and 25% methyl cellulose, females consumed minimal amounts of food and 80% of the females did not mate or produce oothecae within 30 days. On identical diets containing 25% alpha cellulose, food digestibility decreased and females ate significantly more than females fed 25% methyl cellulose, but less than females fed rat food. Many (65%) females fed 25% alpha cellulose produced oothecae which were smaller and took longer to form than in control females fed on rat food. At concentrations higher than 50% of either methyl or alpha cellulose daily intake was further reduced and females died rapidly.
Microstructures and Failure Mechanisms of Spot Friction Welds in Lap-Shear Specimens of Aluminum 5754 Sheets

Microstructures and failure mechanisms of spot friction welds (SFW) in aluminum 5754 lap-shear specimens were investigated. In order to study the effect of tool geometry on the joint strength of spot friction welds, a concave tool and a flat tool were used. In order to understand the effect of tool penetration depth on the joint strength, spot friction welds were prepared with two different penetration depths for each tool. The results indicated that the concave tool produced slightly higher joint strength than the flat tool. The joint strength did not change for the two depths for the flat tool whereas the joint strength slightly increases as the penetration depth increases for the concave tool. The experimental results show that the failure mechanism is necking and shearing for the spot friction welds made by both tools. The failure was initiated and fractured through the upper sheet under the shoulder indentation near the crack tip.
Influences of alkalinity and pCO2 on CaCO3 nucleation from estimated Cretaceous composition seawater representative of "calcite seas"

Experiments were conducted on CaCO 3 nucleation in seawater of estimated Cretaceous Period “calcite sea” (i.e., low-magnesium calcite being the primary inorganic marine calcium carbonate precipitate) composition to determine the influences of alkalinity and p CO 2 on calcite versus aragonite formation. The pH was continually monitored throughout the experiments and it was used, in combination with the initial alkalinity, to calculate the p CO 2 and saturation state of aragonite and calcite at the time of nucleation. The morphology and mineralogy of the precipitates were determined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. It was observed that the initial alkalinity affected greatly the nucleation p CO 2 and the CaCO 3 polymorph that is precipitated. In seawater with Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ = 1.2, ∼10 mM alkalinity, and a p CO 2 p CO 2 is >2500 μatm. Seawater with Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ = 1.2 and a wide range of initial alkalinities (5–50 mM) produces variable results. Seawater with Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ = 1.7 produces only aragonite at lower alkalinities ( ∼18 mM. These results demonstrate the need to also consider the effects of alkalinity and p CO 2 in the critical Mg 2+ /Ca 2+ ratio region of ∼1–2 for calcite seas versus “aragonite seas” (in which the primary inorganic carbonate precipitates are aragonite and high-magnesium calcite) at various times throughout the Phanerozoic Eon and to use reasonable estimated values of alkalinity and p CO 2 in experimental studies. The results of this study indicate that it may have been possible for CaCO 3 to commonly nucleate directly from Cretaceous seawater due to elevated calcium and alkalinity concentrations, even though atmospheric p CO 2 was higher.
Anomalousness: how to measure what you can’t define

Because it is hard to define an anomaly, it is problematic to measure the effectiveness of anomaly detectors. One proposed definition leads to a volume-based performance measure, which is illustrated on some kernel-based anomaly detectors.
Remembering Populism, Imagining Democracy

While populism has ubiquitous meaning in contemporary US politics, populist organizing on the left and right has its roots in a specific tradition, which saw mass expression in the Populist Movement of the 1870s-90s. What do democratic theorists and practitioners risk if they render today's economic crisis without remembering the mass movement organized in response to the dislocations of the corporate revolution? This paper evaluates the democratic imagination of 19th century Populism. Responding to pervasive feelings that people had lost control over the levers of economic and political systems, the movement struggled to create alternative traditions and practices of authority and power for imagining democracy. Crucial strategies included: appropriating forgotten inheritances of economic and political discourse; organizing practices that, more than just mobilizing, developed new habits and identities of citizenship; and parallel institutions of cooperative economy and party politics that foregrounded the coalitional negotiations at their core. If these strategies identify possibilities for democratic imaginings of the political in times of economic crisis, I also interrogate the tensions in considering the Populist Movement (and populism, more generally) as an expression of democratic imagination. For where these strategies faltered, populist imagination reverted to the kinds of racist, nationalist, and gendered discourses that continue to haunt it today.
Cache QoS: From concept to reality in the Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 v3 product family

Over the last decade, addressing quality of service (QoS) in multi-core server platforms has been growing research topic. QoS techniques have been proposed to address the shared resource contention between co-running applications or virtual machines in servers and thereby provide better isolation, performance determinism and potentially improve overall throughput. One of the most important shared resources is cache space. Most proposals for addressing shared cache contention are based on simulations and analysis and no commercial platforms were available that integrated such techniques and provided a practical solution. In this paper, we will present the first set of shared cache QoS techniques designed and implemented in state-of-the-art commercial servers (the Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 v3 product family). We will describe two key technologies: (i) Cache Monitoring Technology (CMT) to enable monitoring of shared cache usage by different applications and (ii) Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) which enables redistribution of shared cache space between applications to address contention. This is the first paper to describing these techniques as they moved from concept to reality, starting from early research to product implementation. We will also present case studies highlighting the value of these techniques using example scenarios of multi-programmed workloads, virtualized platforms in datacenters and communications platforms. Finally, we will describe initial software infrastructure and enabling for industry practitioners and researchers to take advantage of these technologies for their QoS needs.
The Rusts of Guatemala—II

The first article of this series was published in I907 in the Journal of Mycology, vol. 13, pp. I8-26. The general introductory remarks used there apply equally well to the present paper but since a considerable time has intervened it may be well at this time to again call attention to the principal points. The specimens upon which both papers have been based were collected in Guatemala by the late Professor W. A. Kellerman (except one specimen by Professor Wm. Trelease) and placed in the hands of the writer for identification and study. Professor Kellerman made in all four excursions for the collection and
Run time interpretation for creating custom accelerators

Despite the significant advancements that have been made in High Level Synthesis, the reconfigurable computing community has not yet managed to achieve a wide-spread use of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) by programmers. Existing barriers that prevent programmers from using FPGAs include the need to work within vendor specific CAD tools, knowledge of hardware programming models, and the requirement to pass each design through a very time-consuming synthesis, place and route process. In this paper we present a new approach that takes these barriers out of the design flows for programmers. We move synthesis out of the programmers path and instead rely on composing pre-synthesized building blocks using a domain-specific language that supports programming patterns tailored to FPGA accelerators. Our results show that the achieved performance of run time assembling accelerators is equivalent to synthesizing a custom block of hardware using automated HLS tools.
High efficiency coupling between beta-adrenergic receptors and cardiac contractility: direct evidence for "spare" beta-adrenergic receptors.

The relationship between the concentration of β-adrenergic receptors and the activation of heart muscle by isoproterenol was investigated using the irreversible β-adrenergic receptor antagonist NHNP-NBE. The interaction of NHNP-NBE with β-receptors was characterized in isolated membranes, whole cells and intact cardiac muscle, using [125I]-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol (IHYP). Formation of the NHNP-NBE-β-receptor complex was found to be irreversible and dependent on incubation time, temperature and ligand concentration. Occupation of β-receptors by adrenergic ligands prior to NHNP-NBE exposure protected the receptors from inactivation. These data are consistent with a covalent modification of β-receptors by NHNP-NBE at a site in or near the adrenergic ligand binding site. Incubation of NHNP-NBE with intact cardiac muscle produced a dose dependent β-receptor inactivation that survived tissue homogenization and membrane isolation. NHNP-NBE dramatically affects the concentrations at which isoproterenol produces positive inotropic responses in cat papillary muscles. The ED50 for isoproterenol under control conditions averaged 9.8 nM. The ED50 of isoproterenol increased to 22; 70; 500 and 5623 nM subsequent to a 10 min treatment of the muscles with 0.1; 1.0; 10 and 100 µM NHNP-NBE respectively. The same maximum inotropic response was achieved with isoproterenol following each concentration of NHNP-NBE. Ten micromolar isoproterenol subsequent to 100 µM NHNP-NBE increased the papillary muscle concentration of cyclic AMP to the same extent as 10 µM isoproterenol alone. Although the maximum cyclic AMP response was essentially identical, the time course for cyclic AMP production was substantially slower following irreversible β-receptor blockade. The ED50 for isoproterenol induced increases in cyclic AMP concentrations was 15 nM in the absence of NHNP-NBE and 600 nM following 100 µM NHNP-NBE. In contrast to the cardiac data, NHNP-NBE stoichiometrically inhibited IHYP binding and isoproterenol induced cyclic AMP formation in cultured human lung (VA2) cells. These data indicate a high efficiency coupling between the isoproterenol-β-adrenergic receptor interaction, cyclic AMP formation and increased cardiac contractility, an efficiency not apparent with isoproterenol-induced cyclic AMP formation in cultured cells.
Test Before Touch - Easier Said Than Done

Testing for the absence of voltage or "test before touch" is essential to ensure electrical systems are de-energized and safe to touch before electrical maintenance or system modifications are initiated. While this task may appear simple and routine, one large chemical company found that a thorough test for the absence of voltage involves more than just a single test, and can sometimes be complex. This paper explores many of the subtle details that must be considered for a complete "test before touch" process, which is truly "easier said than done"
Perceptions of the Exercise Is Medicine Initiative in a Geographically Defined Deep South Population

Objectives To examine the population's perceptions of the Exercise Is Medicine (EiM) initiative, as well as factors that influence the accurate perception of the EiM. Methods Participants (N = 179; 24 primary care advanced-level practitioners, 79 exercise science students, and 76 people from the general population) residing in Oxford, Mississippi, were surveyed for this study. Results Only 34.7% of advanced-care practitioners, 20.2% of students, and 19.4% of the general population defined the term medicine as having treatment and preventive aspects. Awareness of the EiM was reported as follows: advanced-care practitioners, 25.0%; students, 20.2%; and the general population, 14.2%. In total, 45.0% of advanced-care practitioners, 34.7% of students, and 32.9% of the general population defined the EiM as having treatment and preventive aspects; 10.0%, 10.1%, and 31.4% of advanced-care practitioners, students, and general population, respectively, viewed the EiM as being preventive only. Women had a 56% reduced odds of having an accurate perception of the EiM (odds ratio 0.44, P = 0.05). When compared with those perceiving their health as excellent/very good, those perceiving their health as good or worse had a sixfold increased odds of having an accurate perception of the EiM (odds ratio 6.08, P = 0.003). Conclusions On average, all of the subpopulations were unaware of the initiative and had misguided perceptions of the EiM. Sex and health status were associated with accurate perceptions of the initiative. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed herein.
Enterprise Employee Training via Project Team Formation

Professional career training for novice employees at elementary levels to help them master necessary working skills is critical for both achieving employees' professional success and enhancing the enterprise growth. Besides adopting professional services from external career training agencies, companies can actually train the employees more effectively by involving them in various internal projects carried out in the companies. In this paper, we will study the "Employee Training" (ET) problem by assigning the employees to various concrete company internal projects. From the company perspective, besides training the employees, another important objective of carrying out these projects is to finish them successfully. The successful accomplishment of projects depends on various issues, like the skill qualification of the built teams and the effective collaboration among the team members. To achieve these two objectives simultaneously, a novel framework named "Team foRmAtion based employee traINing" (TRAIN) is proposed in this paper. TRAIN formulates the ET problem as a joint optimization problem, where the objective function considers the employees' overall skill gain and the team internal communication costs at the same time. To ensure the success of the projects, a new team skill qualification constraint is proposed and added to the optimization problem. Extensive experiments conducted on the real-world enterprise employee project team dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of TRAIN in addressing the problem.
Towards Embedded Visible Light Communication Robust to Dynamic Ambient Light

The presence of ambient light is a key challenge for reliable and robust low cost embedded visible light communication system. The photodetector used by these systems can perform poorly when subjected to bright ambient light or fluctuating ambient light. To solve this problem, we present an ambient light cancellation mechanism for low cost embedded LED to photodiode communication systems that utilizes a digital potentiometer to adaptively nullify the ambient light to provide an always ZERO output no matter what the ambient light intensity is. The proposed technique allows the receiver to correctly receive the light transmitted by the transmitter without any interference from the ambient light. We provide a detailed description of the modulation and demodulation schemes as well as ambient light cancellation mechanism, and their evaluations. The results show our proposed system can provide a reliable and robust visible light communication with extremely low symbol error rate (almost 0) and an acceptable data rate up to 3kbps given an operating distance of 50 centimeters.
What have we learned from relativistic heavy-ion collider?

In this talk, I present what I believe we have learned from the recent RHIC heavy ion experiments. The goal of these experiments is to make and study matter at very high energy densities, greater than an order of magnitude larger than that of nuclear matter. Have we made such matter? What have we learned about the properties of this matter? What do we hope and expect to learn in the future?
A Tree-Thinker’s Guide to Genomics

Given the exponential growth in our ability to generate genome-wide sequence data over the last decade, it is not surprising that phylogeneticists have sought to harness this technology in their quest to resolve key parts of the tree of life. The resulting marriage of phylogenetics and genomics has been dubbed ‘phylogenomics’, and, as its title suggests, Jennings’ new book focuses heavily on the theory and methods used to generate multilocus DNA sequence data sets that can be used in phylogenetic studies.
Depth 2 Subfactors and Hopf Algebra Crossed Products

We discuss finite dimensional Hopf *-algebra structures related to depth 2 subfactors of II 1-factors.
Thunderous Silence: The Omission of the Sinai Pericope in Philo of Alexandria

One of the most surprising omissions in Philo’s retelling of Moses’s life in his De vita Moysis is the Sinai pericope. The Alexandrian omitted Exod 17:14-Num 20:13 with the exception of the spy story (Num 13:1-14:45). There appear to be three reasons for the omission. First, Philo recognized the doublet of the story of the water from the rock (Exod 17:1-7//Num 20:1-13). This provided a narrative rationale for the omission. Second, he routinely omitted place names from his narrative, an ars narrandi that helped to universalize the text. Third, the omission enabled him to avoid the association of Sinai with the covenant. Philo retold the story of Moses, but turned Moses outward into the larger world rather than inward to his own community.
Pop as Translation Strategy: Makishi Tsutomu's Political Pop in Okinawa

This essay makes the first sustained study of the Okinawan artist Makishi Tsutomu (1941–2015) who used American Pop Art vocabularies to describe the complex realities of US-occupied Okinawa. Focusi...
OSCILLATION CRITERIA FOR A FOURTH ORDER SELF-ADJOINT LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

An oscillation criterion is given for (*) (ru”)” + (pu′)′ + qu = 0, where p is “small” in the sense that (**) (rv′)′ + pv = 0 is nonoscillatory. If we further restrict p to ensure that (**) has bounded nonoscillatory solutions, then a known oscillation criterion for (ru”)” + qu = 0 ensures oscillation for (*).
A photon-efficient method based on curve fitting for photon counting 3D imaging lidar

Time-of-flight (TOF) Lidar is widely used in capturing three-dimensional (3D) structure and reflectivity information. For using Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (Gm-APD) and the technique time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC), a direct-detection 3D imaging lidar has high sensitivity in low-light-level (LLL) scene. Traditional method needs long fixed dwell time to collect tens of thousands of photons to find accurate range and mitigate Poisson noise at each pixel. We present a method that acquires accurate depth and intensity images using a small amount of detected echo photons and having quantitative analysis to estimate whether results are in the confidence interval. Based on prior knowledge that the echo signal is in the shape of emitted laser, we use one or two orders of magnitude back-reflected photons less than traditional method, fitting a curve of laser-return pulse by nonlinear least-squares fitting in order to obtain the range. The condition of moving to next pixel in our method is acquiring a fixed number of back-reflected photons, instead of sampling for a fixed time. This adaptive jump condition is able to speed up the scanning without more distortion. The results are analyzed with chi-square test to determine if the curve we fit has enough credibility. This quantitative analysis provides an important judgment condition for our method of fitting curve to recover the depth image. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to obtain the millimeter accuracy depth image in the confidence interval using hundreds of photons and increases photon-efficiency more than 10-fold over traditional method. Thus our method will be useful in LLL scene, such as military reconnaissance and remote sensing.
Spatial Signal Detection Using Continuous Shrinkage Priors

Motivated by the problem of detecting changes in two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data, we propose a Bayesian spatial model for sparse signal detection in image data. Our model places considerable...
CHAPTER 6 – Excitability and Impulse Propagation

Cardiac excitability is a complex process that results from complex, highly controlled, electrophysiologic events through channels in the cardiac membrane, the myoplasm, and the extracellular space. These processes result from ionic flow through paths involving the cardiac cell membrane, the myoplasm, gap junctions between cells, and the extracellular space. The matrical concept of cardiac excitability is discussed in detail in terms of an electrophysiologic matrix with many active and passive electrophysiologic properties that form an electrophysiologic universe. This concept takes into account the essential nonlinear character of cardiac excitability and impulse propagation. Impulse propagation depends on cardiac excitability and the manner in which fibers are connected by gap junctions and separated by insulators. The velocity of impulse propagation most commonly is faster parallel to fiber orientation then perpendicular to orientation, and these velocities are termed longitudinal and transverse, respectively. Passive resistivity within and between cells depends on gap junctional connections and on geometry, including tapering shape and bifurcations, and several of these influences have been elegantly modeled.