cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Information retrieval and knowledge discovery utilizing a biomedical patent semantic Web

Before undertaking new biomedical research, identifying concepts that have already been patented is essential. A traditional keyword-based search on patent databases may not be sufficient to retrieve all the relevant information, especially for the biomedical domain. This paper presents BioPatentMiner, a system that facilitates information retrieval and knowledge discovery from biomedical patents. The system first identifies biological terms and relations from the patents and then integrates the information from the patents with knowledge from biomedical ontologies to create a semantic Web. Besides keyword search and queries linking the properties specified by one or more RDF triples, the system can discover semantic associations between the Web resources. The system also determines the importance of the resources to rank the results of a search and prevent information overload while determining the semantic associations.
Bacterial Group II Introns in a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Environment

Group II introns are catalytic RNAs and mobile retrotransposable elements known to be present in the genomes of some nonmarine bacteria and eukaryotic organelles. Here we report the discovery of group II introns in a bacterial mat sample collected from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent near 9°N on the East Pacific Rise. One of the introns was shown to self-splice in vitro. This is the first example of marine bacterial introns from molecular population structure studies of microorganisms that live in the proximity of hydrothermal vents. These types of mobile genetic elements may prove useful in improving our understanding of bacterial genome evolution and may serve as valuable markers in comparative studies of bacterial communities.
A convected K distribution model for hot ions in the Jovian magnetodisc

Hot ion angular anisotropies measured by the Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) instrument during the Voyager 2 encounter with the Jovian dayside outer magnetosphere (60–30 RJ) have been fitted to a 2 species convected K distribution function using a non-linear least squares technique. The resulting parameters are well constrained by the data. The heavy ion species was assumed to be either sulfur or oxygen of unknown charge. The light species was assumed to be protons. The bulk flow speeds deduced from the model were found, contrary to some theories, to increase with increasing radial distance from Jupiter within the radial region addressed, remaining a substantial fraction (∼0.6) of the rigid corotation speed. Agreement with the averaged Voyager Plasma Science (PLS) results was obtained near 30 RJ. The core Maxwellian temperature of the heavy ion distribution functions (∼30–100 keV) increased with increasing radial distance, following the trend anticipated from the corotation pickup of heavy ions. The proton temperature (∼20 keV) remained nearly constant.
Large-scale distributed foraging, gathering, and matching for information retrieval: assisting the geospatial intelligence analyst

With the proliferation of online resources, there is an increasing need to effectively and efficiently retrieve data and knowledge from distributed geospatial databases. One of the key challenges of this problem is the fact that geospatial databases are usually large and dynamic. In this paper, we address this problem by developing a large scale distributed intelligent foraging, gathering and matching (I-FGM) framework for massive and dynamic information spaces. We assess the effectiveness of our approach by comparing a prototype I-FGM against two simple controls systems (randomized selection and partially intelligent systems). We designed and employed a medium-sized testbed to get an accurate measure of retrieval precision and recall for each system. The results obtained show that I-FGM retrieves relevant information more quickly than the two other control approaches.
The Origin, Development, and Contemporary Status of Critical Theory*

This paper describes the nature of critical theory, its historical development, its connections to sociology and Marxism, and the central debates over its core ideas.
Reduced facial expression and social context in major depression: discrepancies between facial muscle activity and self-reported emotion

The expression of emotion is determined by emotion and the presence and absence of others, i.e. social context. The present study examined social context differences in facial muscle activity and self-reported emotion of 11 major depressed and 11 non-depressed patients. Subjects were asked to imagine happy and sad situations with and without visualizing other people. Facial muscle activity over the brow and cheek region was reduced in depressed compared to non-depressed patients during happy and sad imagery whereas self-reported emotion showed no group differences. In both subject groups, happy imagery induced increased smiling and self-reported happiness whereas sad imagery induced increased frowning and self-reported sadness. Smiling and self-reported happiness were increased during happy-social compared to happy-solitary imagery in both groups. In contrast, frowning showed a lack of social context differences, although self-reported sadness was increased during sad-social vs. sad-solitary imagery in both groups. Reduced facial muscle activity in depression may indicate psychomotor retardation whereas the lack of social context differences in frowning may suggest social disengagement and an inhibition of sad facial expression in the presence of others.
Robust estimation for rapid speaker adaptation using discounted likelihood techniques

The discounted likelihood procedure, which is a robust extension of the usual EM procedure, is presented, and two approximations which lead to two different variants of the usual maximum likelihood linear regression adaptation scheme are introduced. These schemes are shown to robustly estimate speaker adaptation transforms with very little data. The evaluation is carried out on the Switchboard corpus.
Markov Chains in Predictive Models of Currency Crises - with Applications to Southeast Asia

This paper utilizes Markov regime switching models of exchange rate movements to construct predictive models of currency crises in Southeast Asia. The empirical results are based on estimated univariate two-state Markov switching models of monthly percentage changes in nominal exchange rates. Transition probabilities in the Markov chains are affected by real effective exchange rates, money supply relative to international reserves, and real domestic credit. The estimated models for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand prove moderately successful at sending warning signals but the results are not uniform across countries. For some depreciation episodes, like those in 1981, 1984, and 1997 for Thailand and in 1997 for Malaysia, the model provides strong signals, in some cases, several months in advance. But for other episodes, such as in1997 for Indonesia and the Philippines, the model provides at best only weak warning signals.
Synopses for probabilistic data over large domains

Many real world applications produce data with uncertainties drawn from measurements over a continuous domain space. Recent research in the area of probabilistic databases has mainly focused on managing and querying discrete data in which the domain is limited to a small number of values (i.e. on the order of 10). When the size of the domain increases, current methods fail due to their nature of explicitly storing each value/probability pair. Such methods are not capable of extending their use to continuous-valued attributes. In this paper, we provide a scalable, accurate, space efficient probabilistic data synopsis for uncertain attributes defined over a continuous domain. Our synopsis construction methods are all error-aware to ensure that our synopsis provides an accurate representation of the underlying data given a limited space budget. Additionally, we are able to provide approximate query results over the synopsis with error bounds.We provide an extensive experimental evaluation to show that our proposed methods improve upon the current state of the art in terms of construction time and query accuracy. In particular, our synopsis can be constructed in O(N2) time (where N is the number of tuples in the database). We also demonstrate the ability of our synopsis to answer a variety of interesting queries on a real data set and show that our query error is reduced by up to an order of magnitude over the previous state-of-the-art method.
Bicyclo[5.3.1]undec-1(10)-ene bridgehead olefin stability and the taxane bridgehead olefin

Abstract MM2 calculations have shown how substituent and conformational effects play a role in the stabilities of systems containing the bicyclo[5.3.1]undec-I(10)-ene moiety and that the taxane diterpene skeleton which possesses this structural feature is surprisingly stable.
ROLE OF ITRACONAZOLE METABOLITES IN CYP3A4 INHIBITION

Itraconazole (ITZ) is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A in vivo. However, unbound plasma concentrations of ITZ are much lower than its reported in vitro Ki, and no clinically significant interactions would be expected based on a reversible mechanism of inhibition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reasons for the in vitro-in vivo discrepancy. The metabolism of ITZ by CYP3A4 was studied. Three metabolites were detected: hydroxy-itraconazole (OH-ITZ), a known in vivo metabolite of ITZ, and two new metabolites: keto-itraconazole (keto-ITZ) and N-desalkyl-itraconazole (ND-ITZ). OHITZ and keto-ITZ were also substrates of CYP3A4. Using a substrate depletion kinetic approach for parameter determination, ITZ exhibited an unbound K(m) of 3.9 nM and an intrinsic clearance (CLint) of 69.3 ml.min(-1).nmol CYP3A4(-1). The respective unbound Km values for OH-ITZ and keto-ITZ were 27 nM and 1.4 nM and the CLint values were 19.8 and 62.5 ml.min(-1).nmol CYP3A4(-1). Inhibition of CYP3A4 by ITZ, OH-ITZ, keto-ITZ, and ND-ITZ was evaluated using hydroxylation of midazolam as a probe reaction. Both ITZ and OH-ITZ were competitive inhibitors of CYP3A4, with unbound Ki (1.3 nM for ITZ and 14.4 nM for OH-ITZ) close to their respective Km. ITZ, OH-ITZ, keto-ITZ and ND-ITZ exhibited unbound IC50 values of 6.1 nM, 4.6 nM, 7.0 nM, and 0.4 nM, respectively, when coincubated with human liver microsomes and midazolam (substrate concentration < Km). These findings demonstrate that ITZ metabolites are as potent as or more potent CYP3A4 inhibitors than ITZ itself, and thus may contribute to the inhibition of CYP3A4 observed in vivo after ITZ dosing.
Computations of eigenpair subsets with the MRRR algorithm

The main advantage of inverse iteration over the QR algorithm and Divide & Conquer for the symmetric tridiagonal eigenproblem is that subsets of eigenpairs can be computed at reduced cost. The MRRR algorithm (MRRR = Multiple Relatively Robust Representations) is a clever variant of inverse iteration without the need for reorthogonalization. STEGR, the current version of MRRR in LAPACK 3.0, does not allow for subset computations. The next release of STEGR is designed to compute a (sub-)set of k eigenpairs with {Omicron}(kn) operations. Because of the special way in which eigenvectors are computed, MRRR subset computations are more complicated than when using inverse iteration. Unlike the latter, MRRR sometimes cannot ignore the unwanted part of the spectrum. We describe the problems with what we call 'false singletons'. These are eigenvalues that appear to be isolated with respect to the wanted eigenvalues but in fact belong to a tight cluster of unwanted eigenvalues. This paper analyzes these complications and ways to deal with them.
Influence of heat sink mounting procedure on package reliability

In this paper, a general finite element analysis (FEA) software ANSYSreg is employed to investigate the influence of heat sink mount process on the package reliability. Different leadframe design and leadframe material options for a power packages are provided for modeling optimization. In simulation, the dynamic procedure of heat sink mounting process is simplified as a qusi static problem. A half package model is built due to its symmetrical structure. In addition, the advanced simulation techniques including both contact analysis and pretension method are introduced to simulate the mounting process. Maximum torque within recommended torque range is applied on different package designs for optimization of the mounting process. Meanwhile possible problems with die cracking and EMC can be predicted. In order to verify the results, actual heat sink mounting process is performed with both previous package design and the optimized package design. Comparison between both designs prove that the optimized package designed by simulation is more robust and reliable.
The Anti-Black Agenda

Thomas's tantrums if the proceedings were closed. But in reality Anita Hill unwittingly occupied one ring in Bush's three ring circus (the other two rings being occupied by the Senate and Thomas) and much of the content of her testimony has become a national joke (e.g., Long Dong Silver jokes and comments about hairs in a soda can). There are many who ask why Anita chose to wait so long to speak. A better question is, how did she risk so much so calmly in the first place? In summary, it is clear that Bush will feel even more empowered to push through any nominations requiring the advice and consent of the Senate in the future and, from what this historical episode tells us, the Senate will become increasingly a rubber stamp process. Issues that are as entangled as race, class and gender deserve more informed, intelligent discussion than what we witnessed during Thomas's nomination hearings. KAREN P. WANZA is completing her doctorate in Sociology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She holds a J.D. from New York University. Her legal practice in New York included international law (at the United Nations) and litigation in firms and for the city of New York. Her current work is mainly in legal sociology and social stratification.
Surgical excision of multiple penile syringomas with scrotal flap reconstruction.

Objective: Penile syringomas are rare lesions usually occurring in isolation. We report the excision and reconstruction of multiple synchronous penile shaft syringomas with local scrotal flaps. Methods: We report a rare case of excision of multiple penile syringomas and reconstruction with scrotal flaps in a 29-year-old man. Results: Penile syringomas were excised and reconstructed with scrotal flaps in a single-stage procedure. Conclusions: In addition to providing wound coverage, this reconstructive option allowed for excellent functional results with regard to shaft alignment and erectile function, and it should be considered in the reconstructive armamentarium for penile shaft lesions.
Occult Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Unusual Histologic Variant Presenting with Metastatic Disease

A 66-year-old man presented with an enlarged cervical lymph node, interpreted on fine-needle aspiration as squamous cell carcinoma. Histologic assessment of the excised mass demonstrated a mucin-positive glandular neoplasm that, by immunohistochemistry, was positive for carcinoembryonic antigen, calcitonin, and neuron-specific enolase. A subsequent total thyroidectomy revealed a grossly normal organ with a 2-mm microscopic focus of medullary carcinoma and foci of C-cell hyperplasia in the immediate vicinity of the tumor. No amyloid could be demonstrated in either lesion. The diagnostic difficulty encountered in this case is related to the presence of a rare morphologic variant (devoid of amyloid and forming mucin-positive glands) occurring as an occult primary but presenting as a metastasis. Although an occult primary in medullary carcinoma is recognized in familial cases, such a phenomenon is rare in sporadic cases.
A Terminally Discontinuous Function

(1996). A Terminally Discontinuous Function. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 211-212.
Overview of Shorebird Abundance and Distribution in Wetlands of the Pacific Coast of the Contiguous United States

We corrdinated censuses from April 1988 to April 1995 to obtain an overview of shorebird abundance and distribution in Pacific Coast wetlands of the contiguous United States. We attempted to acquire at least 3 years of data for all major wetlands from counts within a short time window each fall, winter, and spring. Fourteen abundant, 8 moderatcly abundant, and 21 rare-to-uncommon species were recorded. For temperate-zone breeders. peak periods of abundance were fall or winter and, when discernible for arctic breeders, mostly fall or spring. Arctic breeders were relatively more abundant than temperate-zone breeders in Oregon and Washington wetlands. All five of the most abundant temperate breeders were limited primarily to California wetlands in all seasons. Only for Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) and Dunlin (C. alpina) did the estimated total individuals present simultaneously in all wetlands exceed 100.000. Fifty-six of 66 sites surveyed had at least four counts and at least 100 shorebirds on one or more counts; 38 of the 56 sites held at least 1% of 1 of 13 key species during at least one season. San Francisco Bay accounted for 24-96% of the estimated totals for key species; Grays Harbor, Willapa Bay, Humboldt Bay, Tomales Bay, Point Reyes Esteros, Bolinas Lagoon, Elkhorn Slough, Morro Bay, Mugu Lagoon, Bolsa Chica, Mission Bay, and San Diego Bay held at least 1% of at least half the key species in at least one season. The usefulness of five criteria for selecting key wetlands for shorebird conservation are examined and potential threats are discussed.
Generalized GPU-based Artificial Neural Network Surrogate Model for Extended Period Hydraulic Simulation

This paper presents a generalized methodology and implementation aimed at surrogating the extended period hydraulic simulation with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for a large water distribution system. Each snapshot of the hydraulic simulation is modeled as a set of input/output relationships, replicated by a collection of ANNs trained on the commodity Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Previous research by the authors on a particular demand monitoring zone (DMZ) system with the limited hydraulic properties is generalized to include a comprehensive account of state variables, and their dependencies are captured by a systematic sensitivity analysis that guides the modular assembly of multi-ANN meta-model. The trained networks are validated for successive calls over extended periods of time (as long as a week), and tremendous improvements in terms of accuracy and reliability are obtained and compared with the results in previous publications. The improved metamodel manifests as a powerful tool for fast and accurate hydraulic response prediction for operation optimization.
Inactivation of Ras function by allele-specific peptide aptamers

One challenge facing biology is the elucidation of the function of the estimated 30 000 human genes and their polymorphic variants. Reagents that affect the activity of specific genes will be useful in the dissection of cellular regulatory networks. Here, as a test case, we used a two-bait two-hybrid system to identify peptide aptamers that distinguish allelic forms of H-Ras. Some of these anti-Ras aptamters inhibit the interaction of oncogenic Ras with c-Raf1 in vitro, and abolish EGF-stimulated activation of c-Raf1 in vivo. These experiments show that the inactivation of protein function by peptide aptamers represents a viable approach to the understanding and control of signaling pathways and oncogenic missense alleles.
Redetermination ofAu198andIr192γ-Ray Standards between 0.1 and 1.0 MeV

Prominent $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray reference lines including $^{198}\mathrm{Au}$ 411 and 675 keV and $^{192}\mathrm{Ir}$ 205, 295, 308, 316, 468, 484, 588, 604, and 612 keV have been measured with respect to an ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$-stabilized He-Ne laser. The $^{198}\mathrm{Au}$ 411-keV line, a de facto $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray standard, is reported at 3.0107788 pm (0.37 ppm) or 411 804.41 eV, which is 25 ppm higher in energy and forty times more accurate than previous values.
Prenylation differentially inhibits insulin-dependent immediate early gene mRNA expression

Increased activity of prenyl transferases is observed in pathological states of insulin resistance, diabetes, and obesity. Thus, functional inhibitors of farnesyl transferase (FTase) and geranylgeranyl transferase (GGTase) may be promising therapeutic treatments. We previously identified insulin responsive genes from a rat H4IIE hepatoma cell cDNA library, including β-actin, EGR1, Pip92, c-fos, and Hsp60. In the present study, we investigated whether acute treatment with FTase and GGTase inhibitors would alter insulin responsive gene initiation and/or elongation rates. We observed differential regulation of insulin responsive gene expression, suggesting a differential sensitivity of these genes to one or both of the specific protein prenylation inhibitors.
Two Years After Alice v. CLS Bank

As of June 19, 2016, courts have examined 568 challenged patents brought under § 101 motions citing Alice, resulting in 190 valid patents and 378 patents invalidated with an average invalidation rate of 66.5%. Specifically, the Federal Circuit upheld 3 patents and invalidated 34 patents — an average invalidation rate of 91.9%. Also, courts have decided a total of 500 motions brought under § 101 citing Alice, resulting in 109 validation holdings and 391 invalidation holdings with an average invalidation rate of 78.2%. Specifically, the Federal Circuit has decided 26 motions, resulting in 2 validation holdings and 24 invalidation holdings with an average invalidation rate of 92.3%. The district courts have decided 251 motions, resulting in 84 validation holdings and 167 invalidation holdings with an average invalidation rate of 66.5%. The PTAB has decided 209 motions, resulting in 23 validation holdings and 186 invalidation holdings with an average invalidation rate of 89.7%.The one-year review of Alice v. CLS Bank is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2619388.
The Value of Long-Term Stream Invertebrate Data Collected by Citizen Scientists

The purpose of this investigation was to systematically examine the variability associated with temporally-oriented invertebrate data collected by citizen scientists and consider the value of such data for use in stream management. Variability in invertebrate data was estimated for three sources of variation: sampling, within-reach spatial and long-term temporal. Long-term temporal data were also evaluated using ordinations and an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI). Through two separate investigations over an 11-year study period, participants collected more than 400 within-reach samples during 44 sampling events at three streams in the western United States. Within-reach invertebrate abundance coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.44–0.50 with approximately 62% of the observed variation strictly due to sampling. Long-term temporal CV ranged from 0.31–0.36 with 27–30% of the observed variation in invertebrate abundance related to climate conditions (El Nino strength) and sampling year. Ordinations showed that citizen-generated assemblage data could reliably detect differences between study streams and seasons. IBI scores were significantly different between streams but not seasons. The findings of this study suggest that citizen data would likely detect a change in mean invertebrate density greater than 50% and would also be useful for monitoring changes in assemblage. The information presented here will help stream managers interpret and evaluate changes to the stream invertebrate community detected by citizen-based programs.
Linking metacommunity paradigms to spatial coexistence mechanisms

Four metacommunity paradigms-usually called neutral, species sorting, mass effects, and patch dynamics, respectively-are widely used for empirical and theoretical studies of spatial community dynamics. The paradigm framework highlights key ecological mechanisms operating in metacommunities, such as dispersal limitation, competition-colonization tradeoffs, or species equivalencies. However, differences in coexistence mechanisms between the paradigms and in situations with combined influences of multiple paradigms are not well understood. Here, we create a common model for competitive metacommunities, with unique parameterizations for each metacommunity paradigm and for scenarios with multiple paradigms operating simultaneously. We derive analytical expressions for the strength of Chesson's spatial coexistence mechanisms and quantify these for each paradigm via simulation. For our model, fitness-density covariance, a concentration effect measuring the importance of intraspecific aggregation of individuals, is the dominant coexistence mechanism in all three niche-based metacommunity paradigms. Increased dispersal between patches erodes intraspecific aggregation, leading to lower coexistence strength in the mass effects paradigm compared to species sorting. Our analysis demonstrates the potential importance of aggregation of individuals (fitness-density covariance) over co-variation in abiotic environments and competition between species (the storage effect), as fitness-density covariance can be stronger than the storage effect and is the sole stabilizing mechanism in the patch dynamics paradigm. As expected, stable coexistence does not occur in the neutral paradigm, which requires species to be equal and emphasizes the role of stochasticity. We show that stochasticity also plays an important role in niche-structured metacommunities by altering coexistence strength. We conclude that Chesson's spatial coexistence mechanisms provide a flexible framework for comparing metacommunities of varying complexity.
Concern About Hunger May Increase Receptivity to GMOs.

Due to a phenomenon known as the ‘backfire effect’, intuition-based opinions can be inadvertently strengthened by evidence-based counterarguments. Students’ views on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) may be subject to this effect. We explored the impact of an empathetically accessible topic, world hunger, on receptivity to GMO technology as an alternative to direct evidence-based approaches.
Cellular Targets of H2O2 and HOCl Induced Injury

During the respiratory burst stimulated neutrophils or macrophages release cell damaging concentrations of oxidants in any area of inflammation.1–3 In order to evaluate the role of various oxidants in target cell injury, we have studied the primary targets of oxidants in cells and the biochemical pathways responsible for cellular damage. The target cells used were P388 Dl murine macrophage-like tumor cells, GM 1380 human embryo lung fibroblasts, human peripheral lymphocytes and rabbit alveolar macrophages. The oxidants used were H2O2, HOCl and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs or neuiroplasts — enucleated PMNs that still undergo the respiratory burst.
Transient protein-losing enteropathy secondary to elevated caval pressures and caval obstruction after the Mustard procedure.

Protein-losing enteropathy, documented by 51Cr-labeled albumin excretion studies, was demonstrated in a 24-month-old girl following the Mustard operation for complete transposition. Apparent postoperative inferior vena cava obstruction had been diagnosed by angiocardiograms and both caval pressures were found to be elevated. There was no evidence of primary renal or hepatic disease or cardiac failure. This problem may occur more frequently than has been recognized.
Pesticides, Neurodevelopmental Disagreement, and Bradford Hill’s Guidelines

ABSTRACTNeurodevelopmental disorders such as autism affect one-eighth of all U.S. newborns. Yet scientists, accessing the same data and using Bradford-Hill guidelines, draw different conclusions about the causes of these disorders. They disagree about the pesticide-harm hypothesis, that typical United States prenatal pesticide exposure can cause neurodevelopmental damage. This article aims to discover whether apparent scientific disagreement about this hypothesis might be partly attributable to questionable interpretations of the Bradford-Hill causal guidelines. Key scientists, who claim to employ Bradford-Hill causal guidelines, yet fail to accept the pesticide-harm hypothesis, fall into errors of trimming the guidelines, requiring statistically-significant data, and ignoring semi-experimental evidence. However, the main scientists who accept the hypothesis appear to commit none of these errors. Although settling disagreement over the pesticide-harm hypothesis requires extensive analysis, this article su...
Integral cross section measurements and product recoil velocity distributions of Xe(2+) + N2 hyperthermal charge-transfer collisions.

Charge exchange from doubly charged rare gas cations to simple diatomics proceeds with a large cross section and results in populations of many vibrational and electronic product states. The charge exchange between Xe(2+) and N2, in particular, is known to create N2 (+) in both the A and B electronic states. In this work, we present integral charge exchange cross section measurements of the Xe(2+) + N2 reaction as well as axial recoil velocity distributions of the Xe(+) and N2 (+) product ions for collision energies between 0.3 and 100 eV in the center-of-mass (COM) frame. Total charge-exchange cross sections decrease from 70 A(2) to about 40 A(2) with increasing collision energy through this range. Analysis of the axial velocity distributions indicates that a Xe(2+) - N2 complex exists at low collision energies but is absent by 17.6 eV COM. Analysis of the axial velocity distributions reveals evidence for complexes with lifetimes comparable to the rotational period at low collision energies. The velocity distributions are consistent with quasi-resonant single charge transfer at high collision energies.
Triboelectric charging of monodisperse particles in fluidized beds

To investigate the interplay between particle charging and hydrodynamics in fluidized beds, models for triboelectric charging and electrostatic forces were built into a CFD-DEM model. Charge transfer was governed by the difference in effective work function between contacting materials as well as the electric field at the point of contact. Monodisperse particles were fluidized with an effective work function difference between the particles and the conducting walls. For smaller work function differences, hydrodynamics were not changed significantly as compared to an uncharged case. In these simulations, the average charge saturated at a value much lower than the value anticipated based on the work function difference, and a unimodal distribution of charges was observed. For larger work function differences, particles stuck to walls and bed height oscillations due to slugging were less pronounced. For these cases, a bimodal distribution of charges emerged due to effects from strong electric fields. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
b b ‾ production in p + p collisions at PHENIX

Abstract The b b ‾ production cross section has been measured by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in p + p collisions at s = 200 and 500 GeV. In the absence of displaced-vertex b-tagging, dilepton continuum pairs provide a unique opportunity for b-quark production cross section measurement. We report two independent preliminary analyses of bottom quark production measurements using unlike-sign dielectron pairs measured in the rapidity range | y | 0.35 and like-sign dimuon pairs measured in the rapidity range 1.2 | y | 2.2 . The extrapolated total production cross-sections agree with the NLO pQCD theory calculations within the uncertainties.
CHAPTER 24 – Nutrition and Prostate Cancer

This chapter discusses the epidemiologic evidence for associations of dietary factors with prostate cancer risk, and the potential for diet to play a role in prostate cancer prevention. Some findings from animal and in vitro studies, and possible mechanisms for the carcinogenic effects, are presented in support of the epidemiologic findings.. Almost all prostate tumors are classified as adenocarcinomas and occur most commonly in the peripheral zone of the gland. Many cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed as a result of digital rectal examination performed when a man visits his physician for relief of these symptoms. In recent years, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test has come into widespread use. This test is not specific for prostate cancer, however, and gives an abnormal result if there is any increased tissue growth in the gland, such as occurs in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Mortality from prostate cancer is low relative to its incidence. This is because prostate cancer is generally well controlled by treatment and occurs at relatively late ages, so that even men who are not cured of the disease often die from other causes. Based on current knowledge, it is not prudent to make very specific dietary recommendations to prevent or treat prostate cancer. However, taken as a whole, the evidence offers reasonably strong support for a diet that emphasizes vegetables, including legumes, and is moderate or lowin the consumption of meat, especially red meat, and dairy products.
Reaction Time and Complexity of Subsequent Responses

Two series of experiments were designed to investigate the delay in RT as a function of S’s expectancy of future responses. The first series (Time Relation) investigated the effect of lengthening the time interval between pairs of choice RTs and comparing S’s response to the first signal with his response to a single signal. Interval was not significant and, in addition, this series of experiments failed to replicate the results of earlier investigators who found a significant delay. The second series (Complexity) investigated the effect of making S’s multiple responses increasingly complex and comparing his first response of this multiple set to his response to a single signal. Complexity level was not a significant variable. However, there now was a significant difference between a single response and the first response of a multiple set. The results of the two series were interpreted as being due to a difference in S’s expectancy.
A Preliminary Qualitative Analysis on the Feasibility of Using Gaming Technology in Caregiver Assessment

ABSTRACTThis exploratory qualitative study examined the feasibility of utilizing gaming technology that will ultimately assess task performance and stress among caregivers of dementia patients. The long-term goal is to use this unobtrusive application (app) to detect caregiver burnout for the purposes of early intervention. This preliminary study examined participant interface with a specific gaming technology called CAST (Caregiver Assessment Using Serious Gaming Technology). Ten dementia caregivers participated. Participants attended a demonstration and then interacted with a preliminary version of the CAST tablet application. Social work researchers interviewed participants using open-ended questions to gauge interest, technology skill level, and comfort with the app. Participants expressed interest and identified potential ways to further develop the system in order to increase ease of use, decrease time commitment, and improve suitability for daily use. The provided feedback will be used to refine th...
Data for WEF Nexus Analysis: a Review of Issues

The purpose of this review is to discuss challenges regarding assembly and use of water-energy-food (WEF) nexus data. WEF nexus analysis endeavors including nexus-wide-scoped data are relatively new although component data has been gathered for years. However, such data are not frequently comprehensive across all WEF sectors nor are they typically integrated into a WEF wide system database. Data systems covering the full set of WEF domains are evolving and there are challenges that must be faced to better support WEF system wide analysis. Nexus data must facilitate stakeholder and analyst understanding of nexus scope, locations, production, consumption, diversion, return flows, and conveyance possibilities along with costs. There is important need for data that supports efforts to understand system boundaries, and spatial dimensions, along with the origin and fate of WEF commodities plus cross-sector interactions and interfaces. A wide, rather comprehensive set of data are necessary across the full WEF scope as the nexus approach is about widening perspectives to unexplored levels. Additionally, WEF nexus data systems need to reflect study region uniqueness incorporating appropriate activities with contents varying as focus shifts from place to place. Challenges arise in representing appropriate scope, mix of enterprises, stochastic variation in water supplies, WEF commodity production practices, WEF commodity market prices, and costs and returns from ongoing and potential future technological choices. Data challenges arise due to proprietary interests, scale differences in analysis, model requirements, representation of unexplored possibilities, assembly cost, projections of the future, representation of stochastic variation, quick query and retrieval systems, and integration with visualization. Comprehensive, innovative procedures are needed for data collection, storage/retrieval and inference in support of high quality WEF nexus analyses.
From “This Where Freedom Supposed to Be At” to “She Knew She Would Never Stop Speaking Out for What Was Right”: Racial Logics and African American Identity in American Girl

Zaslow explores the tensions, conflicts, and challenges of representing racially and ethnically diverse American experiences. This chapter analyzes variations in American Girl face molds, some of which intend to signify racial or ethnic features, and explores the specific narrative representation of African American experiences in American history. From Addy, the company’s first African American doll, launched in 1986 whose series protrayed her escaping slavery and experiencing racism, freedom, and the reunification of her family in the 1860s, to Melody, released in 2016, who works with her family and community to fight for social change during the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s, this chapter focuses on the narrative and material representation of African American experiences in American Girl’s historical collection.
Angular Photodiode Array-Based Device to Detect Bacterial Pathogens in a Wound Model

We have developed a device that is able to rapidly and specifically diagnose bacterial pathogens in a wound model based on Mie scatter spectra from a tissue surface. The Mie scatter spectra collected is defined as the intensity of Mie scatter over the angle of detection from a tissue surface. A 650-nm LED perpendicular to the surface illuminates a tissue sample (90°) and photodiodes positioned in 10° increments from 10° to 80° of backscatter act as the detectors to collect these Mie scatter spectra. Through principal component analysis of the Mie scatter spectra collected, we have shown significant differences between Mie scatter spectra of tissues with bacterial pathogens versus those without, as well as significant differences between each species of bacteria tested. The device developed has been tested with a porcine dermis wound model, with samples inoculated with one of three bacterial species ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, or Salmonella Typhimurium). Such a device could be critical in the monitoring of a wound for infection and rapid, specific diagnosis of a bacterial wound infection, which would significantly reduce the time and cost associated with specific diagnosis of a bacterial wound infection currently.
New RuII Scaffold for Photoinduced Ligand Release with Red Light in the Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Window

Four new RuII complexes, [Ru(tpy)(L)(CH3 CN]+ , where tpy=2,2':6',2"-terpyridine and L represents a series of acetylacetonate-based ligands, were synthesized for enhanced photoinduced ligand release with red light, λirr =655 nm. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer, 1 MLCT, transitions of these complexes are red-shifted and exhibit quantum yields of ligand dissociation that are five- to seven-fold greater than that of [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(CH3 CN)]2+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), despite the absence of additional steric distortion. This series of complexes represents a new scaffold for drug photocaging and one of the first examples of RuII photocages that can release nitriles with light in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) window required for optimal tissue penetration.
US Nuclear Industry Approaches to Managing Human and Organizational Factors

Improved industry performance in the past 20 years is well known, one example data set is representative of many measures of safety and reliability.
Host Plant Suitability in a Specialist Herbivore, Euphydryas anicia (Nymphalidae): Preference, Performance and Sequestration

The checkerspot butterfly, Euphydryas anicia (Nymphalidae), specializes on plants containing iridoid glycosides and has the ability to sequester these compounds from its host plants. This study investigated larval preference, performance, and sequestration of iridoid glycosides in a population of E. anicia at Crescent Meadows, Colorado, USA. Although previous studies showed that other populations in Colorado use the host plant, Castilleja integra (Orobanchaceae), we found no evidence for E. anicia ovipositing or feeding on C. integra at Crescent Meadows. Though C. integra and another host plant, Penstemon glaber (Plantaginaceae), occur at Crescent Meadows, the primary host plant used was P. glaber. To determine why C. integra was not being used at the Crescent Meadows site, we first examined the host plant preference of naive larvae between P. glaber and C. integra. Then we assessed the growth and survivorship of larvae reared on each plant species. Finally, we quantified the iridoid glycoside concentrations of the two plant species and diapausing caterpillars reared on each host plant. Our results showed that E. anicia larvae prefer P. glaber. Also, larvae survive and grow better when reared on P. glaber than on C. integra. Castilleja integra was found to contain two primary iridoid glycosides, macfadienoside and catalpol, and larvae reared on this plant sequestered both compounds; whereas P. glaber contained only catalpol and larvae reared on this species sequestered catalpol. Thus, although larvae are able to use C. integra in the laboratory, the drivers behind the lack of use at the Crescent Meadows site remain unclear.
Cautious Hope: Hindu Reflections on Pope Francis

This chapter gives a broad overview of Hindu responses to Pope Francis and contextualizes these responses in terms of Hindu history and theology, specifically in terms of the Hindu history of being on the receiving end of Christian proselytization and the Hindu theology of “many paths to a common goal,” found, for example, in the Ramakrishna tradition of which the author is an adherent. The chapter argues that Hindu responses to Pope Francis are diverse, but typically converge around a theme of “cautious hope” for improved relations between traditions.
A Fraction Sense Intervention for Sixth Graders With or At Risk for Mathematics Difficulties

The efficacy of a research-based fraction sense intervention for sixth graders with or at risk for mathematics difficulties (N = 52) was examined. The intervention aimed to build understanding of f...
A Systematic Method for Reliability Index Evaluation of Distribution Networks in the Presence of Distributed Generators

This paper is aimed at evaluating the reliability indices of a distribution network (DN) considering the rerouting of the interrupted customers during outages. The DN is represented by its circuit graph that is used to analyze the effect of the failure mode (FMEA method) and compute the reliability of the system. To have a more accurate estimation, the capacity of the feeder and the voltage deviation when the rerouting occurs, are also considered. After the occurrence of an outage, the problem is finding the optimum tree by interchanging the status of normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) switches to restore as many as interrupted customers subject to defined constraints. The proposed algorithm presents a systematic method to find the optimum solution of the restoration problem, and by decreasing the search space is suitable for analyzing the big size DN. To obtain the impact of each NC switches in the reliability improvement, a ranking method is also introduced.
Predicting NAPLEX scores using student performance in the clinical skills laboratory setting

Abstract Introduction Many predictors of success on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam (NAPLEX) have been studied, but little information is available regarding the effect of assessments in the clinical skills setting on student success. One way to determine if these assessments affect NAPLEX success is to review student performance in clinical skills laboratory courses (termed patient care lab [“PCL”] at our institution), which incorporate such assessments. Methods Students (n = 88) enrolled in a four quarter PCL sequence completed several individual assessments (both knowledge and skills-based), including drug information (DI) quizzes/final exams, patient case presentations and associated critical thinking questions, and formal DI responses. Linear regression assessed the relationship between PCL assessments and NAPLEX scores. Statistical tests were performed using IBM SPSS version 22 with a p-value Results While drug information responses were not predictive of total NAPLEX scores (p = 0.192), the patient case presentation and associated critical thinking questions predicted 31.1% of variability (p Conclusion Performance of one cohort of students on certain pharmacy clinical skills lab assessments was predictive of total scores on the NAPLEX. Students who struggle with assessments in the clinical skills lab setting may be targets for early intervention to help improve the likelihood of success. More research is needed to fully elucidate the relationship between assessments in the clinical skills lab setting and NAPLEX performance.
Mapping global development potential for renewable energy, fossil fuels, mining and agriculture sectors

Mapping suitable land for development is essential to land use planning efforts that aim to model, anticipate, and manage trade-offs between economic development and the environment. Previous land suitability assessments have generally focused on a few development sectors or lack consistent methodologies, thereby limiting our ability to plan for cumulative development pressures across geographic regions. Here, we generated 1-km spatially-explicit global land suitability maps, referred to as “development potential indices” (DPIs), for 13 sectors related to renewable energy (concentrated solar power, photovoltaic solar, wind, hydropower), fossil fuels (coal, conventional and unconventional oil and gas), mining (metallic, non-metallic), and agriculture (crop, biofuels expansion). To do so, we applied spatial multi-criteria decision analysis techniques that accounted for both resource potential and development feasibility. For each DPI, we examined both uncertainty and sensitivity, and spatially validated the map using locations of planned development. We illustrate how these DPIs can be used to elucidate potential individual sector expansion and cumulative development patterns. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)