cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoperiodic response of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonad axis in male and female canaries, Serinus canaria.

Although the gonadal photoperiodic response and its influence upon the song control system in canaries have been extensively studied, photoperiodic regulation of the GnRH system has not been investigated. To examine the relationship between photoperiod and the reproductive neuroendocrine system in male and female canaries, three groups of canaries were exposed to chronic short days (8L:16D; Phsens), acute long days (18L:6D; Phstim) and chronic long days (also 18L:6D; Phrefr) to induce the reproductive states of photosensitivity, photostimulation, and photorefractoriness, respectively. Brain sections were processed for GnRH immunocytochemistry. The canaries in this study did not demonstrate consistent or uniform responses to different photoperiodic treatments. In males, gonad size varied with photoperiod; Phstim males had larger gonads than either the Phsens or Phrefr males. In contrast, there was no difference between groups in female gonad size as a result of photoperiodic treatment. Brain GnRH cell number, cell size, and fiber density were similar in all groups. The results suggest that canaries are not as obligatory photoperiodic as previously thought (or at least not all varieties of domestic canaries are). This could be a result of many years of domestication, the natural history of the species, phylogenetic constraint, or a combination of these factors.
Negative ions in comets

The primary negative ion sources in comets are shown to be: for the inner coma—both polar photodissociation of HCN, electron attachment of OH and collisions with alkalis; in the vicinity of the nucleus—plasma, excavated during interplanetary dust impacts on the nucleus; for both the contaminated solar wind region and sporadic discharges in the non-homogeneous inner coma plasma—dissociative electron attachment and charge inversion during keV positive ion scattering by cometary dust are also significant sources. Negative ion abundance for Halley's Comet has been estimated to be from 10−6 to 10−10 of electron densities. However, this ratio may be more due to the formation of clusters A−(H2O)n. Some possible cometary plasma effects, caused by negative ions, have also been discussed.
Does sexist language reflect personal characteristics

We investigated whether or not sexist language in written form can be linked to traditional views of sex roles, assertiveness, psychological androgyny, Christian beliefs, or sexist language in oral form. In Experiment 1, undergraduates were given an essay designed to test written sexist language and several pencil-and-paper personality inventories. No relationship between sexist language and interpersonal assertiveness or psychological androgyny was found. However, those who avoided sexist language were less traditional in their sex role perceptions scored lower on a scale of Christian beliefs. In Experient 2, the method of measuring sexist language was expanded by using three essay responses and a brief oral interview. Those who used sexist language in written form were more likely than others to use sexist language in oral form on some responses. Interpretations and implications of the findings are discussed.
Canaries in a coalmine: Immigration and overweight among Mexican-origin children in the US and Mexico.

Abstract The prevalence of overweight is higher for Hispanic children of immigrants than children of natives. This does not fit the pattern of the epidemiological paradox, the widely supported finding that immigrants tend to be healthier than their U.S.-born peers, and it suggests that exposure to the U.S. increases immigrant children’s risk of overweight. This study’s primary contribution is to better assess how exposure to the U.S. environment affects childhood overweight among a homogamous ethnic group, Mexican-Americans. We do so by using an innovative binational study design to compare the weight of Mexican-American children of immigrants, Mexican-American children of natives, and Mexican children in Mexico with different propensities of having immigrant parents. Cross-sectional data are derived from a pooled sample of 9982 6–19 year old children living in either Mexico or the United States in the early 2000s. Mexican-resident children with a very high propensity to have immigrant parents have significantly lower percentile BMIs and lower odds of overweight than Mexican children with lower propensities of emigration and U.S.-resident Mexican-American children. This suggests that selection into immigration streams does not account for the high prevalence of overweight among children of Mexican immigrants. Rather, U.S. exposure significantly raises children of Mexican immigrants’ risk of being overweight. Moreover, second generation children have the highest percentile BMIs and greatest odds of overweight of all comparison groups, including children of natives. This suggests that they experience risks above and beyond the effects of exposure to American society.
THE SIXTEEN‐MILLION‐HOUR QUESTION

Promotion of nonacademic geography is a logical response to curtailment of opportunity for new teaching careers. Yet this necessary redirection of effort must be accompanied by renewed dedication to education and especially to nonprofessional undergraduate education. The case for geography in the liberal arts curriculum may well be a strong one, but questions about what we can offer need to be raised more frequently among ourselves if we are to respond effectively when such questions are asked by outsiders.
Single Nucleotide Variant Increases the open Probability of Human ENaC

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) mediates Na+ entry into specific epithelial cells and has an essential role in the regulation of blood pressure and airway surface liquid volume. Rare ENaC mutations have been reported in inherited disorders associated with hypertension or hypotension, and ENaC gene variants have been associated with several human disorders. Recent human genome sequencing projects have revealed a large number of ENaC gene variations in both exons and introns. However, the functional consequences of most variants are unknown. We examined the functional properties of the human ENaC variant γL511Q in the Xenopus oocyte expression system. Oocytes expressing αβγL511Q exhibited five-fold greater amiloride-sensitive currents than cells expressing WT channels. Mutant and WT channels had similar levels of surface expression. Single channel recordings with a cell-attached patch revealed that mutant channels had a four-fold higher open probability than WT, but similar unitary currents. The mutant had a significantly reduced Na+ self-inhibition response, reflecting less reduction of ENaC open probability by extracellular Na+. Interestingly, the mutant diminished the activating effect of external Zn2+ and essentially converted Zn2+ from a high-affinity ENaC activator to a low-affinity inhibitor. Furthermore, γL511Q exhibited blunted activation by chymotrypsin. We conclude that γL511Q is a gain-of-function human ENaC variant that is characterized by increased open probability and suppressed responses to extracellular Na+, Zn2+ and chymotrypsin.
Use of an aberrant polypeptide as a marker in three-factor crosses: Further evidence for independent reassortment as the mechanism of recombination between temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3

Abstract The aberrant μ1 and μ2 viral polypeptide phenotype (designated μ −− ) of certain groups of temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3 has been utilized as a third unselected genetic marker in three-factor crosses. Approximately 50% of the ts + recombinant clones were found to express the wild type μ + phenotype of one of the parents, while the remainder expressed the aberrant μ −− phenotype of the other. The approximately random distribution of the μ phenotype in two crosses of this type supports the conclusion that recombinants which result from mixed infection with pairs of temperature-sensitive mutants of reovirus type 3 are generated by random assortment of RNA segments. The results of three-factor crosses, furthermore, suggest that the ts mutation of the group A mutant ( ts 201) is genetically linked to the determinant of the aberrant μ1 and μ2 polypeptide. In addition, ts + revertants of groups B, D, and G retain the μ phenotype of the mutant strain from which they are derived, while the group A ( ts 201) revertants display a variety of phenotypes.
Performance of the KORA-2 cache replacement scheme

In this paper, we propose a new strategy (KORA-2) for the replacement of lines in cache memories. The algorithm is efficient and easily implementable. It is basically an extension of our previous work presented in [1]-[5]. Key to our algorithm is to identify and discard inactive lines relatively quickly as opposed to the conventional replacement algorithms. Trace-driven simulations were performed for 42 different cache configurations using benchmark programs from SPEC92 (Standard performance Evaluation Corporation) benchmark suites. Simulation results illustrate that our algorithm can provide a peak value of approximately 8.71% improvement in the miss ratio over the best performing conventional algorithm (LRU) for the selected benchmark trace files generated from SPEC programs. This translates to a savings of hundreds of thousands of misses for typical programs referencing well over 100 million addresses.
Tape Sets and Automata

Tape sets and a tape set product are defined, and relationships are found between a table of products of tape sets and elements in the operation-preserving group of a finite automaton.
Anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease: Relationships to depression, cognitive function, and cerebral perfusion

Abstract Awareness of memory loss was rated in 57 patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, and analyzed in relation to neuropsychological tests and presence of depression. Single photon emission computed tomography measures of regional cerebral blood flow were obtained on an unselected subsample of 20. Anosognosia was associated with diminished relative right dorsolateral frontal lobe perfusion and with high rates of false positive errors on recognition memory testing. Less aware patients did not differ from others on learning or recall scores, or on dementia severity as measured by mental status scores. Neither anosognosia nor depression was associated with disease duration or dementia severity and patients who were aware of their memory loss were no more likely than others to be depressed. This is further evidence that dementia severity alone does not account for anosognosia in Alzheimer's disease; frontal lobe involvement and the presence of specific memory impairments may be important d...
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Potentiates Hippocampal LTP in Freely Moving Rats

Previous studies have demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VNS) delivered at a moderate intensity following a learning experience enhances memory in laboratory rats and human subjects, while VNS at lower or higher intensities has little or no effect. This finding suggests that VNS may affect memory processes by modulating neural plasticity in brain structures associated with memory storage such as the hippocampus. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated the modulatory effect of VNS on the development of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the dentate gyrus of freely-moving rats. Rats receiving 0.4 mA VNS showed enhanced potentiation of the population spike amplitude for at least 24 h after tetanus relative to the sham-stimulation group. In contrast, no such effect was observed with 0.2 mA VNS. Stimulation at 0.8 mA had a short-term effect and tended to enhance early LTP, but to a lesser extent than did 0.4 mA. The 0.4 mA stimulation was the same intensity that was previously shown to enhance retention performance in an inhibitory avoidance task. These findings suggest that the neural mechanisms underlying the mnemonic effect of VNS may involve modulating synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. These data also suggest that neural activity in the vagus nerve, occurring as a result of changes in peripheral state, is an important mechanism by which emotional experiences and arousal can enhance the storage of memories of those experiences.
The daily distribution of panic attacks

Abstract The daily distribution of anxiety attacks was determined for seven consecutive days in 69 drug-free people with DSM-III defined panic attacks. Unexpected full symptom attacks (three or more symptoms) tended to cluster across days (i.e., were not completely random).
Expression, purification and characterization of individual bromodomains from human Polybromo-1

Computational analysis reveals six tandem bromodomains within the amino-terminal region of the human Polybromo-1 protein, a required subunit of the Polybromo, BRG1-associated factors chromatin remodeling complex. Bromodomains are acetyl-lysine binding modules found in many chromatin binding proteins and histone acetyltransferases. Recent in vivo studies suggest that bromodomains can both discriminate the presence of an acetyl group on a lysine side chain and locate the acetyl-lysine within a histone protein. Together, this implies that multiple bromodomains may be able to function cooperatively and recognize a specific acetylation pattern to localize remodeling complexes to specific chromatin sites. Here, the cloning, expression and bioactivity of recombinant bromodomains from the human Polybromo-1 protein is described. Individual bromodomains from Polybromo-1 were cloned from human cDNA into a pET30b expression vector enabling effective one-step purification by affinity chromatography. Due to complications, including the high number of rare codons found in the coding regions and the tendency of individually expressed domains to aggregate and misfold, bacterial expression was only achieved using a cell strain containing rare eukaryotic tRNAs. Fluorescence-based bioactivity assays were performed to determine if native binding features were retained. The present cloning, expression, and purification procedure enabled the preparation of large quantity and high yields of biologically active recombinant bromodomains from human Polybromo-1 for in vitro structure and function studies. This is the first report of recombinant active form of bromodomains obtained from PB1.
Spurious Current Suppression in VOF-CSF Simulation of Slug Flow through Small Channels

A numerical treatment is proposed to minimize the creation of unphysical, spurious currents in modeling liquid–gas slug flow using the volume of fluid-continuum surface force (VOF-CSF) method. An elongated gas slug drawn into a small circular channel initially filled with liquid is considered. To suppress spurious currents formed by numerical errors in calculation of the surface tension force at small capillary numbers (Ca < 0.01), an artificial relative reference frame is specified with motion in a direction opposite to the flow. An increase in the local relative velocity magnitude near the interface is demonstrated to be the key mechanism for spurious current suppression. A comparison of simulations performed with and without this treatment shows that spurious currents are eliminated at Ca = 0.0029; liquid film thickness, gas slug velocity, and liquid-phase circulation near the leading slug interface are preserved and the computed values agree with the literature. This demonstrates that the proposed mov...
Shifted 1/N expansion for the Hulthén potential.

The shifted 1/N expansion method is applied to the Hulth\'en potential. Numerical results for the energy values for n=1--5 states are presented. For l=0 states, the agreement between our results and the exact analytical solution is excellent.
Detecting Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in the Southern Ocean using research trawls and underwater imagery

Abstract To ensure that destructive bottom fishing activities do not have significant adverse impacts on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs) in high seas areas of the World Ocean, as required by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 61–105, knowledge of the locations of VMEs is required. Quantifying the occurrence and abundance of VME indicator taxa in research bottom-trawl samples, as well as from in situ observations with underwater photography, provides methods for detecting these ecosystems. A case study is presented in which a threshold density of indicator taxa was used as the basis for VME designation. In 2009, high densities of VME indicator taxa were encountered at 11 sites off th`e South Orkney Islands in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. In most cases, thresholds were exceeded by a limited number of VME indicator taxa, primarily representatives of the class Demospongiae (siliceous sponges), Hexactinellida (glass sponges) and Ascidiacea (tunicates). In situ imagery further showed the importance of bryozoans (lace corals), scleractinians (stony corals) and stylastrids (hydrocorals) in the study region. The approach outlined here, which relies on widely used sampling techniques, could be employed throughout the World Ocean to detect and document the presence of VMEs from existing datasets. To illustrate this point, the method was applied to a separate dataset, collected in 2006, from a research cruise off the northern Antarctic Peninsula, which led to the detection of 17 VMEs. The VMEs from both the 2006 and 2009 data are now registered and influence the management of fisheries in the Southern Ocean.
Generalized rook polynomials

Generalizing the notion of placing rooks on a Ferrers board leads to a new class of combinatorial models and a new class of rook polynomials. Connections are established with absolute Stirling numbers and permutations, Bessel polynomials, matchings, multiset permutations, hypergeometric functions, Abel polynomials and forests, and polynomial sequences of binomial type. Factorization and reciprocity theorems are proved and a q-analogue is given.
Concurrent and Longitudinal Associations among Preschool Boys' Conflict Management, Disruptive Behavior, and Peer Rejection.

This study investigated how preschool boys' conflict management was related to their disruptive behavior and peer rejection in the fall (Time 1) and spring (Time 2) of the preschool year. Additionally, conflict management measures at Time 1 were examined as predictors of disruptive behavior and peer rejection at Time 2. Fifty-three boys from Head Start classrooms participated and were videotaped during interactive sessions with classmates at each time point. From transcripts of videotapes, conflicts were identified and conflict strategies were coded. Teacher and peer assessments of boys' disruptive behavior and peer nominations of disliking were also collected at each time point. Overall, results indicated that boys who engaged in higher rates of conflict and exhibited greater aggression and avoidance during peer conflicts tended to be rejected by peers and perceived as disruptive by teachers and peers. Moreover, conflict strategies made unique contributions to disruptive behavior, whereas the frequency o...
A Time-dependent Leptonic Model for Microquasar Jets: Application to LS I +61 303

The Galactic high-mass X-ray binary and jet source (microquasar) LS I +61 303 has recently been detected at TeV γ-ray energies by the MAGIC telescope. We have applied a time-dependent leptonic jet model to the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and we have suggested (although not unambiguously detected) an orbital modulation of the very high energy (VHE) γ-ray emission of this source. Our model takes into account the time-dependent electron injection and acceleration, and the adiabatic and radiative cooling of nonthermal electrons. It includes synchrotron, synchrotron self-Compton (SSC), and external inverse Compton (EC; with seed photons from the companion star) emission as well as γγ absorption of γ-rays by starlight photons. The model can successfully reproduce the available multiwavelength observational data. Our best fit to the SED indicates that a magnetic field of B0 ~ 5 × 103 G at ~103Rg is required and that electrons need to be accelerated out to TeV energies (γ2 = 106) with a nonthermal injection spectrum with a spectral index of q = 1.7, indicating the operation of acceleration mechanisms beyond the standard first-order Fermi mechanism at relativistic or nonrelativistic shocks. The orbital modulation of the VHE γ-ray emission can be explained solely by the geometrical effect of changes in the relative orientation of the stellar companion with respect to the compact object and jet as it impacts the position and depth of the γγ absorption trough. Such a scenario predicts a trend of spectral hardening during VHE γ-ray low orbital phases.
Experience-dependent alteration of synaptic zinc in rat somatosensory barrel cortex

Chelatable zinc is co-localized with glutamate in the synaptic vesicles of a distinct population of telencephalic neurons. The present study used a histochemical technique to localize zinc-containing terminals within the somatosensory barrel cortex (S1) of normal adult rats and rats that had been subjected to 4-6 weeks of tactile deprivation produced by simple whisker trimming beginning either at birth or during adulthood. In normal adult rats intense staining for synaptic zinc was observed in laminae I, II/III and V. Lamina VI was moderately stained, particularly within sublamina VIa where thalamic axons terminate. Thalamorecipient barrel centers in lamina IV were distinguished by the relative absence of synaptic zinc and were bounded by darkly stained inter-barrel septa. This pattern was unchanged in rats whose whiskers were trimmed only during adulthood, suggesting that synaptic zinc constitutes a relatively stable pool that is resistant to subtle changes in sensory input. By contrast, neonatal whisker...
Therapeutic Efficacy of a Single Dose of Anti-D Immunoglobulin 50μg/kg in Childhood Acute Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Methods: We serially evaluated the platelet count in 21 acute ITP patients that were treated with anti-D immunoglobulin (50μg/kg) to determine how many patients achieved platelet counts over the levels of 20×10 3 /mm 3 , 50×10 3 /mm 3 and 100×10 3 /mm 3 after the infusion of anti-D immunoglobulin. In addition, constitutional symptoms were monitored and changes in the hemoglobin levels were serially evaluated. Results: By three days after treatment, 90.5% of the patients had achieved a platelet count over 20× 10 3 /mm 3 . At seven days after treatment, 66.7% of patients achieved a platelet count of 50×10 3 /mm 3 . In addition, at seven days after treatment 61.9% of patients achieved a platelet count of 100×10 3 /mm 3 . Constitutional adverse symptoms were observed 61.9% of patients, and the symptoms diminished spon- taneously without any severe sequelaes. The decline of hemoglobin concentration after treatment recovered to the initial level after two weeks. Conclusion: A single dose of anti-D immunoglobulin (50 μg/kg)was effective in Korean children with acute ITP to raise the platelet count rapidly. The adverse effects of anti-D immunoglobulin, including hemolytic anemia, were not severe to prevent the use of the anti-D. (Korean J Hematol 2007;42:258-263.)
Learning with degree-based subgraph estimation

Networks and their topologies are critical to nearly every aspect of modern life, with social networks governing human interactions and computer networks governing global information-flow. Network behavior is inherently structural, and thus modeling data from networks benefits from explicitly modeling structure. This thesis covers methods for and analysis of machine learning from network data while explicitly modeling one important measure of structure: degree. Central to this work is a procedure for exact maximum likelihood estimation of a distribution over graph structure, where the distribution factorizes into edge-likelihoods for each pair of nodes and degree-likelihoods for each node. This thesis provides a novel method for exact estimation of the maximum likelihood edge structure under the distribution. The algorithm solves the optimization by constructing an augmented graph containing, in addition to the original nodes, auxiliary nodes whose edges encode the degree potentials. The exact solution is then recoverable by finding the maximum weight b-matching on the augmented graph, a well-studied combinatorial optimization. To solve the combinatorial optimization, this thesis focuses in particular on a belief propagation-based approach to finding the optimal b-matching and provides a novel proof of convergence for belief propagation on the loopy graphical model representing the b-matching objective. Additionally, this thesis describes new algorithmic techniques to improve the scalability of the b-matching solver. In addition to various applications of node degree in machine learning, including classification and collaborative filtering, this thesis proposes a learning algorithm for learning the parameters of the distribution from network data consisting of node attributes and network connectivity, using strategies similar to maximum-margin structured prediction. The main methods and results in this thesis represent a deep exploration of exact degree-based estimation for machine learning from network data, and furthermore lead to various extensions and applications of the main idea described within.
Identification of blood protein biomarkers that aid in the clinical assessment of patients with malignant glioma

Analyzing molecular biomarkers using blood is an important approach for clinical assessment of malignant glioma. We investigated a molecular proteomic biomarker-based approach for glioblastoma using patients' blood samples. The expression levels of a list of candidate proteins were quantified in plasma and serum samples from two different cohorts of patients with malignant glioma and normal controls. The biological function was studied for one of the identified markers. Additionally, the prognostic significance of protein marker expression was measured by survival analysis. As a result, protein biomarkers associated with malignant glioma were identified from the blood specimens and five of the protein biomarkers were common to both cohorts. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that many of the protein biomarkers identified in peripheral blood specimens were expressed in malignant gliomas. Staining levels for one of the biomarkers, MIP-1α, was found to correlate with WHO grade among invasive gliomas, and we demonstrate that MIP-1α promotes human glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, four prognostic protein biomarkers were identified. In conclusion, we demonstrate that both peripheral blood plasma and serum specimens are highly valuable and complementary to each other in the quest for protein biomarkers of malignant glioma. Sets of novel protein biomarkers were identified that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with malignant glioma.
Enhanced Luminescence Efficiency from Hydrogel Microbead Encapsulated Quantum Dots

In this paper, a novel quantum dot (QD) based nanomaterial system is presented for efficient FRET analysis. The quantum dots have been embedded in hydrogel microspheres based on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) a thermoresponsive polymer that undergoes a volume phase transition across the low critical solution (LCST). The optical properties of the quantum dots entrapped within the gel microspheres has been modified due to change in refractive index, volume density of the surrounding hydrogel medium. The QDs encapsulated in the PNIPAM microspheres showed 100–200 % enhancement in the PL efficiency as the microgels shrank at the temperature above the LCST temperature of the gel.
Dementia After Stroke The Framingham Study

Background and Purpose— Identification of risk factors for dementia after stroke is best performed in comparison with stroke-free controls, because older subjects at high risk for stroke also have a substantial risk of dementia in the absence of stroke. Previous case-control studies were hospital-based. We used a nested case-control design to prospectively evaluate these risk factors in the community-based Framingham Study cohort. Methods— We compared 212 subjects who were free of dementia in January 1982 and sustained a first stroke after this date, with 1060 age- and sex-matched, stroke- and dementia-free controls. We calculated 10-year risks of dementia (by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Volume IV criteria) developing in cases and controls and also estimated the hazard ratios within subgroups defined by exposure to various demographic factors (age, gender, education), stroke-related features (right or left hemisphere, stroke type, second stroke), stroke risk factors (hypertensio...
Isolation and characterization of a gene encoding human Kruppel-like factor 5 (IKLF): Binding to the CAAT/GT box of the mouse lactoferrin gene promoter

The mouse lactoferrin gene promoter includes a CAAT/GT box, GGGCAATAGGGTGGGGCCAGCCC, which functions as the epidermal growth factor response element (EGFRE) in human endometrial carcinoma RL95-2 cells (RL95). A positive clone, EGFREB, of 2575 bp length, was isolated from an expression library of RL95 cells with a multimer of the EGFRE sequence. In this work, we have identified that EGFREB encodes the C-terminus of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5). This mRNA is most abundant in human colon and small intestine. A full-length cDNA clone was isolated from a human colon library using EGFREB as the hybridization probe. The full-length cDNA consists of 3336 bp with a 302 bp 5'-UTR, a 1663 bp 3'-UTR, and a 1371 bp sequence coding for a 457 amino acid polypeptide. Based on its tissue distribution and sequence homology to the mouse IKLF, we renamed this protein IKLF. DNase I footprinting and electrophoresis mobility shift assay confirmed the binding of IKLF to the EGFRE. The human IKLF gene spans >20 kb in length and is organized into four exons, whose intron/exon junctions follow the GT/AG rule. The three zinc fingers are encoded by three exons. Nuclear localization of IKLF was demonstrated by green fluorescence protein (GFP)-tagged IKLF in transfection experiments and western analysis. Overexpression of IKLF in RL95 cells represses the activity of reporter constructs containing the CAAT/GT box of the mouse lactoferrin gene. These findings imply that IKLF is a nuclear transcription factor that binds to the CAAT/GT box, and functions as a modulator of the mouse lacto-ferrin gene promoter activity.
Viscosities of melts in the Na2OFeOFe2O3SiO2 system and factors controlling relative viscosities of fully polymerized silicate melts

Abstract The viscosity-temperature relationships of nine melts in the Na2OFeOFe2O3SiO2 system (in equilibrium with air) have been measured in the temperature range of 1450–800°C, using the concentric cylinder method. 57Fe Mossbauer spectra were obtained on quenched samples and show that all melts with ≥ 20 mole% ferrite component contain ≥ 95% Fe as tetrahedrally-coordinated ferric ions. The compositions investigated lie along the SiO2NaFeO2 and Na2Si4O9Na6Fe4O9 joins. The viscosities of m decrease strongly with decreasing silicate content along these joins. In contrast, the temperature dependence of viscosity does not vary significantly along these joins. Comparison with equivalent melt compositions (related by the trivalent cation exchange operators AlFe−1, BFe−1 and GaFe−1) in the Na2OAl2O3SiO2, Na2OB2O3SiO2 and Na2O-Ga2O3 viscosities decrease in the order aluminosilicate > ferrosilicate, (galliosilicate ?) > borosilicate. Thp electronegativities of the trivalent cations are inversely correlated with the relative viscosities of melts in these systems. Similarly, the electronegativities of network-stabilizing cations are inversely correlated with melt viscosity for alkali and alkaline-earth aluminosilicate melt systems. The variation in the viscosity of tectosilicate melts is correlated with estimated average T-O-T bond angles, and exothermic heats of solution of quench glasses. Structural controls of viscosity discussed are tetrahedral ordering and relative bond strengths. The acmite component in natural, peralkaline, silicic volcanics will not contribute directly to high melt viscosities for these lavas.
The catalyst genome.

The quest for the materials genome— the properties of a material that define its functional properties—has started. This signifies a transition to a new era of materials research where large amounts of materials data become available. The expectation is that this will significantly speed up the discovery of new materials. This is particularly true in the area of catalytic materials, where there is an urgent need for new catalysts and processes to enable the sustainable production of fuels and chemicals.
Mechanisms of coherent activity in hippocampus and entorhinal cortex

We consider the mechanisms by which coherent activity arises in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, two brain areas that are associated with episodic memory in humans and similar forms of memory in animal models. Our approach relies upon techniques from the theory of coupled oscillators. We show that such techniques can yield accurate predictions of the behavior of synaptically coupled neurons. Future work will expand upon these techniques to include real-world complications that better mimic the in vivo state.
Size-based Transfer Functions: A New Volume Exploration Technique

The visualization of complex 3D images remains a challenge, a fact that is magnified by the difficulty to classify or segment volume data. In this paper, we introduce size-based transfer functions, which map the local scale of features to color and opacity. Features in a data set with similar or identical scalar values can be classified based on their relative size. We achieve this with the use of scale fields, which are 3D fields that represent the relative size of the local feature at each voxel. We present a mechanism for obtaining these scale fields at interactive rates, through a continuous scale-space analysis and a set of detection filters. Through a number of examples, we show that size-based transfer functions can improve classification and enhance volume rendering techniques, such as maximum intensity projection. The ability to classify objects based on local size at interactive rates proves to be a powerful method for complex data exploration.
State Prerogatives, Civil Society, and Liberalization: The Paradoxes of the Late Twentieth Century in the Third World

The end of the Cold War has left the international system in a state of paradox, most prominently in the growing conflict between the legal-political global order and the growth of civil society. Monshipouri identifies and discusses three paradoxes that exemplify this central conflict: state-building versus democratization; economic liberalization versus political liberalization; and human rights versus state sovereignty. In discussing each of these paradoxes, the author describes the difficulties and ethical questions involved in making economic and political reforms without the necessary means and institutional resources. Monshipouri concludes that in order to manage such dilemmas, Third World states must find a delicate balance between global economic reforms and an ethically sensitive international political and legal order.
Neonatal suprarenal mass: differential diagnosis and treatment

To develop better diagnosis of and treatment strategy for suprarenal masses in the neonates. A total of 28 neonates with suprarenal mass were treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, between May 2003 and August 2010. The medical records of these patients were reviewed. The clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological data were collected. Six cases were diagnosed as having adrenal tumors, including 1 adrenal teratoma and 5 adrenal neuroblastomas (NB), and 22 cases were diagnosed as having adrenal hemorrhages. Ultrasound showed that the hematoma started to regress after 7 days to 6 months. Among the NBs, 2 cases were of stage I, 2 cases were of stage IV, and 1 case was of stage III. While 1 stage III patient and 1 stage IV patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy after the surgery, other cases were cured by surgery alone and currently have no evidence of disease. The suprarenal mass presented cystoids or solid masses detected by ultrasound and CT both in adrenal hemorrhages and in tumors. The accurate diagnosis of neonatal suprarenal mass depends on prenatal ultrasonography, clinical manifestations, urine VMA test, CT and ultrasound, but dynamic observation of suprarenal mass by CT and ultrasound is an important means of differential diagnosis. While conservative therapy is suitable for adrenal hemorrhage, adrenal tumors need surgical excision. In addition, adrenal mass that is difficult to diagnose can be followed up for 1 month without any adverse effects on the therapy and prognosis of the tumor.
Stable isotopes in late middle Eocene to Oligocene foraminifera

Oxygen and carbon isotope ratios in Eocene and Oligocene planktonic and benthic foraminifera have been investigated from Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean locations. The major changes in Eocene-Oligocene benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes were enrichment of up to l‰ in 18O associated with the middle/late Eocene boundary and the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at locations which range from 1- to 4-km paleodepth. Although the synchronous Eocene-Oligocene 18O enrichment began in the latest Eocene, most of the change occurred in the earliest Oligocene. The earliest Oligocene enrichment in 18O is always larger in benthic foraminifera than in surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera, a condition that indicates a combination of deep-water cooling and increased ice volume. Planktonic foraminiferal δ18O does not increase across the middle/late Eocene boundary at our one site with the most complete record (Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 363, Walvis Ridge). This pattern suggests that benthic foraminiferal δ18O increased 40 m.y. ago because of increased density of deep waters, probably as a result of cooling, although glaciation cannot be ruled out without more data. Stable isotope data are averaged for late Eocene and earliest Oligocene time intervals to evaluate paleoceanographic change. Average δ18O of benthic foraminifera increased by 0.64‰ from the late Eocene to the early Oligocene δ18O maximum, whereas the average increase for planktonic foraminifera was 0.52‰. This similarity suggests that the Eocene/Oligocene boundary δ18O increase was caused primarily by increased continental glaciation, coupled with deep sea cooling by as much as 2 °C at some sites. Average δ18O of surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from 14 upper Eocene and 17 lower Oligocene locations, when plotted versus paleo-latitude, reveals no change in the latitudinal δ18O gradient. The Oligocene data are offset by ∼0.45‰, also believed to reflect increased continental glaciation. At present, there are too few deep sea sequences from high latitude locations to resolve an increase in the oceanic temperature gradient from Eocene to Oligocene time using oxygen isotopes.
The Darkest Figure of Crime: Perceptions of Reasons for Male Inmates to Not Report Sexual Assault

Although sexual assault behind bars is recognized as problematic, very few of the sexual assaults that occur behind bars are officially reported. Many researchers have examined the individual and institutional variables which can help predict an inmate’s probability of being victimized by his fellow inmates. With a sample obtained from a sample of eight Texas prisons, the current survey will disentangle the individual, institutional, and individual–institutional level variables which contribute to the rationales behind inmates choosing to report or not report sexually assaultive behavior. The findings somewhat mirror the findings of sexual assaults in the free community, with inmates indicating that the primary reasons to not report include embarrassment, fear of harassment, and retaliation from the perpetrator.
Immigrant Parent Legal Status, Parent–Child Relationships, and Child Social Emotional Wellbeing: A Middle Childhood Perspective

Immigrant parent legal status is an important, but understudied aspect of children’s developmental contexts that can affect their social emotional wellbeing. The present study used the Behavioral and Emotional Screening System to explore the influence of parents’ legal status on the social emotional wellbeing of 7–10 year old U.S.-born children of immigrant parents from Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Central America. Aspects of parent–child relationships, measured via the Parent–Child Relationship Questionnaire , were also explored as potential moderators. One hundred and eighty families were recruited via school and community outreach. Forty-nine percent of participating families were mixed-status. Results indicate that children in mixed-status families experience higher levels of anxiety, but lower levels of hyperactivity, and that parent–child communication moderates the relationship between parent legal status and the child’s hyperactivity. Results further indicate overall high levels of functioning among all families, regardless of parent legal status, across several domains of parent–child relationships. Findings suggest the importance of assessing for internalizing symptoms among children in mixed-status families as well as the potential for building on family strengths in the design of programs and policies to support immigrant families.
PCNA is a sensitive target of photodynamic damage

B58 Photodynamic therapy (PDT) employs a combination of photoactivatable drugs and light to generate highly reactive molecules capable of damaging crucial biological targets and killing tumor cells, fungi, bacteria or viruses. Singlet oxygen is thought to be the major cytotoxic species in PDT. Numerous molecular and cellular targets for PDT have been suggested, including cellular membranes, lysosomes, mitochondria, DNA, RNA and proteins. Photodynamic damage to these targets varies with the intracellular localization of the photodynamic drug. We have found that PCNA is an extremely sensitive target of singlet oxygen generated by photodynamic drugs. Photodynamic damage causes covalent trimerization of PCNA which is easily detected as a 95 kDa PCNA reactive band by Western blotting. The photodynamic covalent trimerization of PCNA by the tested drugs was suppressed by histidine, a singlet oxygen quencher and enhanced by D2O which increases the lifetime of singlet oxygen by ~20X. Using this biomarker for photodynamic damage, we were able to demonstrate singlet oxygen production in cells by drugs such as camptothecin and doxorubicin, which are extremely weak photodynamic generators of singlet oxygen. Cytoplasmic localizing photodynamic drugs such as hypericin and NPe6 caused PCNA covalent trimerization comparable to that caused by DNA binding photodynamic drugs such as acridine orange, proflavine, methylene blue and ellipticine, suggesting that the reactive species can easily access the nucleus. The photodynamic action of these drugs also caused crosslinking of additional proteins to PCNA. One of these species, migrating as a 148 kDa band on gels, contained only PCNA as determined by nano-LC/MS/MS and may be either a PCNA tetramer or a double trimer. Other high molecular weight bands appear to be heterologous proteins crosslinked to PCNA. The kinetics and dose-response of crosslinking of the PCNA trimer differed greatly (orders of magnitude) from the crosslinking of the 148 kDa species and the heterologous proteins. The identity of the photodynamic drug also affected the kinetics of crosslinking slightly. The pattern of high molecular weight PCNA bands resulting from photodynamic damage was identical for all the drugs and cell lines studied. The covalent trimerization of PCNA provides an extremely sensitive biomarker for photodynamic singlet oxygen damage which can be used to evaluate new drugs and antioxidants, and may also be useful for evaluation of the efficiency of photodynamic therapy. This work was supported by NIH NCI CA97107.
14 – MORE REGRESSION METHODS

This chapter focuses on some modern methods of regression. Smoothers attempt to estimate a regression line without forcing to have a particular shape, such as a straight line. Cleveland's smoother: a technique derived by Cleveland is known as a locally weighted running-line smoother. The idea is that, although a regression line might not be linear over the entire range of X values, it will be approximately linear over small intervals of X. S-PLUS function lowess: the built-in S-PLUS function computes Cleveland's smoother. The value for p, the span, defaults to 2/3. Running-interval smoother: To estimate some measure of location for Y, given some value for X, a running interval smoother searches for all points close to the value of X that are of interest and then simply computes the measure of location based on the corresponding Y values. In contrast, Cleveland's method uses the k nearest points, with k fixed and chosen in advance. Later, predictor is discussed. S-PLUS functions rungen and runmean: The S-PLUS function rungen computes a running interval smooth assuming that there is only one predictor. The S-PLUS function runmean is a bit more convenient to use. These regression methods have been useful in most of its applications.
Hoarding Behavior of European and Africanized Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

European Apis mellifera L. in laboratory cages hoarded significantly more sucrose solution than Africanized honey bees. Bees from both populations increased hoarding in the presence of 2-heptanone.
Research on several problems in the design of solid waste landfill——Hongshantou solid waste landfill in Xiangfan as example

The compacted clay dam and percolate and methane collection system are two key factors that control the investment and construction period of the solid waste landfills of Hongshantou in Xiangfan city. Based on the results of Finite Eelement Method (FEM) for the stability of dam slope, the optimum angle of slope is determined. The techniques of the reinforcement dam slide slope with geogrid and packaged slope surface structure are presented. The percolate and methane collection system, which the collection pipes are installed in the blind ditches that are consisted of gravels is introduced. This system can avoid silting, collect percolate easily, and protect the pipes from bending and damaging.
Application of aspirin following stent-aiding embolism operation for cerebral aneurysm

Objective To investigate the application of aspirin being given after stent-aiding embolism operation for cerebral aneurysm.Methods 48 patients with cerebral aneurysm after stent-aiding embolism operation were randomly divided into 2 groups.Treatment group was treated with aspirin(100 mg,once per day),and the control group was given placebo.In the treatment group,the blood routine and blood clotting was examined after 3 months and 6 months respectively,DSA was examined after 3 months.Results Loss of neuro-function in patients of treatment group was lower than that of control group,P0.05.In treatment group,there was no significant difference in variation of neuro-function between the patients treated for 3 months and 6 months,P0.05.Blood routine,blood clotting and the shape of aneurysm of treatment group had no obvious change.Conclusion Aspirin has control effect on loss of neuro-function when used for 3 months after stent-aiding embolism operation for cerebral aneurysm,and it did not raise the recrudescence of aneurysm or disruption of aneurysm after operation.
Some Algebras with the Weak Lefschetz Property

Using a connection to lozenge tilings of triangular regions, we establish an easily checkable criterion that guarantees the weak Lefschetz property of a quotient by a monomial ideal in three variables. It is also shown that each such ideal also has a semistable syzygy bundle.