cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Serious psychological distress among adults with active epilepsy in all racial/ethnic groups and among adults with inactive epilepsy in non-Hispanic whites is significantly higher than among adults without epilepsy—U.S. National Health Interview Survey, 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2017

Abstract Serious psychological distress (SPD) includes mental health problems severe enough to cause moderate-to-serious impairment in daily activities and to require treatment. Serious psychological distress is based on answers to six survey questions from the Kessler-6 scale used internationally in public health surveillance systems to assess recent feelings of sadness, restlessness, hopelessness, nervousness, worthlessness, and the sense that everything is an effort. We combined nationally representative samples in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2010 (N = 27,157), 2013 (N = 34,557), 2015 (N = 33,672), and 2017 (N = 26,742). We used a validated surveillance case definition to classify adults as having epilepsy if they reported a history of doctor-diagnosed epilepsy or seizure disorder (n = 2251). We further classified those with epilepsy as having active epilepsy (n = 1380) if they reported either taking epilepsy medications or having at least one seizure in the past 12 months or as having inactive epilepsy (n = 871) if they did not take epilepsy medication and had not had any seizures in the past 12 months. We used an NHIS recoded variable that classifies adults by Hispanic origin and race. Following age adjustment, among adults with active epilepsy, SPD prevalence was 13.7% among non-Hispanic white adults, 11.2% among non-Hispanic black adults, 20.7% among Hispanic adults, and 17.5% among non-Hispanic other adults. Compared with adults without epilepsy, adults with active epilepsy were 4.8 times more likely, and adults with inactive epilepsy 2.6 times more likely, to report SPD. In each racial/ethnic group, SPD among adults with active epilepsy is significantly higher than in adults without epilepsy. Among adults with active epilepsy, SPD prevalence did not differ by racial/ethnic groups. However, only among non-Hispanic white adults with inactive epilepsy did SPD prevalence significantly exceed that among non-Hispanic white adults without epilepsy. Epilepsy stakeholders can use these estimates to target culturally appropriate community-based and clinic-based interventions to reduce the high burden of psychological distress among adults with active epilepsy and inactive epilepsy.
Metastatic Bone Disease

Metastatic cancer is the most common malignant tumor of bone. Any malignant tumor potentially metastasizes to the skeleton. However, the majority of skeletal metastases are from the breast, lung, prostate, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract (Delclos, 1965; Lodwick, 1965; Warren and Meissner, 1966; Johnston, 1970). Although metastases from soft tissue sarcomas are unusual, primary bone sarcomas metastasize to the skeletal system at a surprisingly high rate (McNeil et al., 1973).
Intravenous and Intravascular Drug Delivery

Abstract The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a unique entity within the central nervous system (CNS) that consists of both passive and active mechanisms to regulate access to the brain. This structure maintains the ionic and volumetric environments of the brain, and serves as a selective barrier to protect the CNS from pathogens, toxins, and other xenobiotic compounds. However, the protective function of the BBB is a double-edged sword, as it also limits the ability of systemic drug treatments for various neurological diseases to reach the brain. There is a critical need to safely and selectively bypass the BBB to treat patients with brain tumors, inborn errors of metabolism, CNS infection, or neurodegenerative disease. This chapter explores the physiology of the BBB and three methods of enhancing penetration of systemically administered pharmacologic agents into the CNS.
Achieving the capacity of the N-relay Gaussian diamond network within logn bits

We consider the N-relay Gaussian diamond network where a source node communicates to a destination node via N parallel relays. We show that several strategies can achieve the capacity of this network within O(logN) bits independent of the channel configurations and the operating SNR. The first of these strategies is partial decode-and-forward: the source node broadcasts independent messages to the relays at appropriately chosen rates, which in turn decode and forward these messages to the destination over a MAC channel. The same performance can be also achieved by compress-and-forward, quantize-map-and-forward or noisy network coding if relays quantize their observations at a decreasing resolution with N, instead of quantizing at the noise-level. The best capacity approximations currently available for this network are within O(N) bits which follow from the corresponding capacity approximations for general Gaussian relay networks.
Diversifying Our Curriculum: Values and Intercultural Experiences Through Educational Technology:

To promote students’ awareness about diversity and to create and sustain an ethic of inclusion, it is vital to offer them critical analytical skills necessary to understand systems of power and the...
Eliminating high-intensity activity during growth reduces mechanical power capacity but not submaximal metabolic cost in a bipedal animal model.

Decreasing childhood activity levels are feared to have long-term health repercussions, but testing this hypothesis is hampered by restrictions of human experimentation. Here, in a bipedal animal m...
Outcomes and Trends in Colorectal Surgery in U.S. Veterans: A 10-year Experience at a Tertiary Veterans Affairs Medical Center.

Introduction: The past decade has witnessed numerous advances in colorectal surgery secondary to minimally invasive surgery, evidence-based enhanced recovery programs, and a growing emphasis on pat...
Coherence-based quantification of acoustic clutter sources in medical ultrasound

The magnitudes by which aberration and incoherent noise sources, such as diffuse reverberation and thermal noise, contribute to degradations in image quality in medical ultrasound are not well understood. Theory predicting degradations in spatial coherence and contrast in response to combinations of incoherent noise and aberration levels is presented, and the theoretical values are compared to those from simulation across a range of magnitudes. A method to separate the contributions of incoherent noise and aberration in the spatial coherence domain is also presented and applied to predictions for losses in contrast. Results indicate excellent agreement between theory and simulations for beamformer gain and expected contrast loss due to incoherent noise and aberration. Error between coherence-predicted aberration contrast loss and measured contrast loss differs by less than 1.5 dB on average, for a −20 dB native contrast target and aberrators with a range of root-mean-square time delay errors. Results also indicate in the same native contrast target the contribution of aberration to contrast loss varies with channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), peaking around 0 dB SNR. The proposed framework shows promise to improve the standard by which clutter reduction strategies are evaluated.
Founder effects shape linkage disequilibrium and genomic diversity of a partially clonal invader.

The genomic variation of an invasive species may be affected by complex demographic histories and evolutionary changes during the invasion. Here, we describe the relative influence of bottlenecks, clonality, and population expansion in determining genomic variability of the widespread red macroalga Agarophyton vermiculophyllum. Its introduction from mainland Japan to the estuaries of North America and Europe coincided with shifts from predominantly sexual to partially clonal reproduction and rapid adaptive evolution. A survey of 62,285 SNPs for 351 individuals from 35 populations, aligned to 24 chromosome-length scaffolds indicate that linkage disequilibrium (LD), observed heterozygosity (Ho ), Tajima's D, and nucleotide diversity (Pi) were greater among non-native than native populations. Evolutionary simulations indicate LD and Tajima's D were consistent with a severe population bottleneck. Also, the increased rate of clonal reproduction in the non-native range could not have produced the observed patterns by itself but may have magnified the bottleneck effect on LD. Elevated marker diversity in the genetic source populations could have contributed to the increased Ho and Pi observed in the non-native range. We refined the previous invasion source region to a ~50km section of northeastern Honshu Island. Outlier detection methods failed to reveal any consistently differentiated loci shared among invaded regions, likely because of the complex A. vermiculophyllum demographic history. Our results reinforce the importance of demographic history, specifically founder effects, in driving genomic variation of invasive populations, even when localized adaptive evolution and reproductive system shifts are observed.
Teaching Law: A Behavioral Approach

This companion text to "Teaching Law: A Framework for Instructional Mastery" shows the power of behavioral approaches to teaching law. Traditional law instruction, especially around the Socratic method, leaves most students passive in the classroom. Behavioral approaches require that students participate in structured classroom exercises in which they use the knowledge and skills that they must learn. This text describes the successes of a three-year project in behavioral instruction supported by a team of behavioral-psychology graduate students guiding multiple law courses. The behavioral instructional designs and principles that it summarizes and articulates have empirical-study support. The text includes instructional-design examples and illustrating classroom vignettes.
Public Gentility and Private Predation: German as a Linguistic Signal of Guilt in Lolita

Humbert Humbert’s calculated use of the German language in Lolita reveals a unique linguistic performance that differs from his lapses into French and his general American-English structure. While ...
Effects of cricothyroid and thyroarytenoid interaction on voice control: Muscle activity, vocal fold biomechanics, flow, and acoustics

An MRI-based three-dimensional computer model of a canine larynx was used to investigate the effect of cricothyroid (CT) and thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle activity on vocal fold pre-phonatory posturing and glottic dynamics during voice production. Static vocal fold posturing in the full activation space of CT and TA muscles was first simulated using a laryngeal muscle mechanics model; dynamic flow-structure-acoustics interaction (FSAI) simulations were then performed to predict glottal flow and voice acoustics. The results revealed that TA activation decreased the length and increased the bulging, height, and contact area of the vocal fold. CT activation increased the length and contact area and decreased the height of the vocal fold. Both CT and TA activations increased the vocal fold stress, stiffness, and closure quotient; and only slightly affected the flow rate and voice intensity. Furthermore, CT and TA showed a complex control mechanism on the fundamental frequency pattern, which highly correlated with a combination of the stress, stiffness, and stretch of the vocal fold.
Anticancer Impact of Nitric Oxide (NO) and NO Combination with SMYD-3 Inhibitor on Breast Carcinomas.

Despite enormous advances in the detection and treatment of breast cancer, it still remains the leading cancer diagnosis and has the second highest mortality rate. Thus, breast cancer research is a high priority for academics and clinicians alike. Based on previous research indicating the potential of nitric oxide (NO) and SMYD-3 inhibition, this work sought to expand upon these concepts and combine the two approaches. Both NO (from S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO)), termed Group 1, and a combination therapeutic, inhibitor-4 (SMYD-3 inhibitor) plus NO (from GSNO), termed Group 2, were evaluated for their efficacy on breast carcinoma cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, and the normal MCF10A breast cell line, using cellular viability, colony formation capacity, cytotoxicity, and cellular apoptosis analysis. These results indicated that, in Group 1, breast carcinoma lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231, cells experienced a moderate reduction in cellular viability (~20–25%), a large reduction in colony formation capacity (~80–90%), a moderate increase in the relative number of dead cells, and a moderate increase in cellular apoptosis. Group 2 was significantly more impactful, with a ~50% knockdown in cellular viability, a 100% reduction in colony formation capacity, a large increase in the relative number of dead cells, and a large increase in cellular apoptosis. Additionally, Group 2 induced a very small impact on the normal MCF10A cell line. Cumulatively, this work revealed the exciting impact of this combination therapeutic, indicating its potential for clinical application and further research.
Clinical Pain Catastrophizing in Women With Migraine and Obesity

Objective/Background Obesity is related to migraine. Maladaptive pain coping strategies (eg, pain catastrophizing) may provide insight into this relationship. In women with migraine and obesity, we cross-sectionally assessed: (1) prevalence of clinical catastrophizing; (2) characteristics of those with and without clinical catastrophizing; and (3) associations of catastrophizing with headache features. Methods Obese women migraineurs seeking weight loss treatment (n = 105) recorded daily migraine activity for 1 month via smartphone and completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Clinical catastrophizing was defined as total PCS score ≥30. The six-item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), 12-item Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12), Headache Management Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE), and assessments for depression (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale) were also administered. Using PCS scores and body mass index (BMI) as predictors in linear regression, we modeled a series of headache features (ie, headache days, HIT-6, etc) as outcomes. Results One quarter (25.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.2-34.1%) of participants met criteria for clinical catastrophizing: they had higher BMI (37.9 ± 7.5 vs 34.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2, P = .035); longer migraine attack duration (160.8 ± 145.0 vs 97.5 ± 75.2 hours/month, P = .038); higher HIT-6 scores (68.7 ± 4.6 vs 64.5 ± 3.9, P < .001); more allodynia (7.0 ± 4.1 vs 4.5 ± 3.5, P < .003), depression (25.4 ± 12.4 vs 13.3 ± 9.2, P < .001), and anxiety (11.0 ± 5.2 vs 5.6 ± 4.1, P < .001); and lower self-efficacy (80.1 ± 25.6 vs 104.7 ± 18.9, P < .001) compared with participants without clinical catastrophizing. The odds of chronic migraine were nearly fourfold greater in those with (n = 8/29.6%) vs without (n = 8/10.3%) clinical catastrophizing (odds ratio = 3.68; 95%CI = 1.22-11.10, P = .021). In all participants, higher PCS scores were related to more migraine days (β = 0.331, P = .001), longer attack duration (β = 0.390, P < .001), higher HIT-6 scores (β = 0.425, P < .001), and lower HMSE scores (β = −0.437, P < .001). Higher BMI, but not higher PCS scores, was related to more frequent attacks (β = −0.203, P = .044). Conclusions One quarter of participants with migraine and obesity reported clinical catastrophizing. These individuals had more frequent attacks/chronicity, longer attack duration, higher pain sensitivity, greater headache impact, and lower headache management self-efficacy. In all participants, PCS scores were related to several migraine characteristics, above and beyond the effects of obesity. Prospective studies are needed to determine sequence and mechanisms of relationships between catastrophizing, obesity, and migraine.
The effects of continuing care on emerging adult outcomes following residential addiction treatment

Background Professional continuing care services enhance recovery rates among adults and adolescents, though less is known about emerging adults (18-25 years old). Despite benefit shown from emerging adults' participation in 12-step mutual-help organizations (MHOs), it is unclear whether participation offers benefit independent of professional continuing care services. Greater knowledge in this area would inform clinical referral and linkage efforts. Methods Emerging adults (N=284; 74% male; 95% Caucasian) were assessed during the year after residential treatment on outpatient sessions per week, percent days in residential treatment and residing in a sober living environment, substance use disorder (SUD) medication use, active 12-step MHO involvement (e.g., having a sponsor, completing step work, contact with members outside meetings), and continuous abstinence (dichotomized yes/no). One generalized estimating equation (GEE) model tested the unique effect of each professional service on abstinence, and, in a separate GEE model, the unique effect of 12-step MHO involvement on abstinence over and above professional services, independent of individual covariates. Results Apart from SUD medication, all professional continuing care services were significantly associated with abstinence over and above individual factors. In the more comprehensive model, relative to zero 12-step MHO activities, odds of abstinence were 1.3 times greater if patients were involved in one activity, and 3.2 times greater if involved in five activities (lowest mean number of activities in the sample across all follow-ups). Conclusions Both active involvement in 12-step MHOs and recovery-supportive, professional services that link patients with these community-based resources may enhance outcomes for emerging adults after residential treatment.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cell Repertoire Formation Shaped by Differential Presentation of Peptides from a Self-Antigen

We have used TCR transgenic mice directed to different MHC class II-restricted determinants from the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) to analyze how specificity for self-peptides can shape CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T (Treg) cell formation. We show that substantial increases in the number of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells can occur when an autoreactive TCR directed to a major I-E d -restricted determinant from HA develops in mice expressing HA as a self-Ag, and that the efficiency of this process is largely unaffected by the ability to coexpress additional TCR α-chains. This increased formation of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells in the presence of the self-peptide argues against models that postulate selective survival rather than induced formation as mechanisms of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cell formation. In contrast, T cells bearing a TCR directed to a major I-A d -restricted determinant from HA underwent little or no selection to become CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells in mice expressing HA as a self-Ag, correlating with inefficient processing and presentation of the peptide from the neo-self-HA polypeptide. These findings show that interactions with a self-peptide can induce thymocytes to differentiate along a pathway to become CD4 + CD25 + Treg cells, and that peptide editing by DM molecules may help bias the CD4 + CD25 + Treg cell repertoire away from self-peptides that associate weakly with MHC class II molecules.
Radiation and scattering from arbitrary microstrip etches

The radiation and scattering from arbitrary microstrip etches are analyzed using the moment method in the spectral domain. For each strip segment, the currents are expanded in terms of a set of basis functions in the local tangential and normal coordinate system to easily incorporate their proper physical behavior. The known numerical difficulties associated with the dyadic Green's function's singularities and poor asymptotic behavior are addressed. Techniques for avoiding these singularities during the numerical integration and improving the rate of convergence of the moment method's inner products are discussed. Models for the feeds, bends, and impedance termination of the microstrip lines are examined. Finally, representative results for both the scattering from printed circuits and the radiation from probe-fed microstrip lines are presented. >
Elimination of optical scattering defects in AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2

The optical transparency of as-grown crystals of AgGaS2 and AgGaSe2 has been markedly improved using a quencing technique in which the crystals are rapidly cooled from temperature just below their respective melting points, or by annealing in the presence of Ag2S or Ag2Se. Both techniques are completely effective in eliminating the microscopic scattering centers which are the principal cause of short wavelength optical absorption in these materials. Large thermal stresses induced during quenching usually lead to the formation and propagation of cracks. Use of the annealing technique is therefore considered to be more advantageous.
Analysis of Interdiffused InGaN Quantum Wells for Visible Light-Emitting Diodes

Interdiffused InGaN quantum wells (QWs) with various interdiffusion lengths (Ld) are comprehensively studied as the improved active region for Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) emitting in the blue and green spectral regime. The electron-hole wavefunction overlap (Γe_hh), spontaneous emission spectra, and spontaneous emission radiative recombination rate (Rsp) for the interdiffused InGaN QWs are calculated and compared to that of the conventional InGaN QWs emitting in the similar wavelengths. The calculations of band structure, confined energy levels, electron and hole wavefunctions, and spontaneous emission radiative recombination rate (Rsp) are based on the self-consistent 6-band k·p method, taking into account the valence band mixing, strain effect, spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations and carrier screening effect. Studies indicate a significant enhancement of the electron-hole wavefunction overlap (Γe_hh) and the spontaneous emission radiative recombination rate (Rsp) for the interdiffused InGaN QWs. The improved performance for the interdiffused InGaN QWs is due to the modification of the band lineups at the InGaN-GaN interfaces, which leads to the enhancement of the electron-hole wavefunction overlap significantly.
Steady-state analysis of simulated moving-bed chromatography using the linear, ideal model

Abstract In a previous publication, an algebraic solution of Simulated Moving-Bed (SMB) chromatography was derived in the linear, ideal case for a binary mixture. This solution predicts the concentration profiles of the two components along the columns and the concentration histories at the raffinate and the extract ports. It shows the asymptotic nature of SMB operations. On the basis of this previous work, we discuss here the steady-state operation of a SMB, the speed at which this state is reached, and the influence of several physical parameters on this speed. A comparison is made between the results obtained with the solution of the ideal model and those derived from the numerical solutions of more realistic, nonideal models. This comparison shows that, in most practical cases, the speed at which the profiles tend toward the steady-state ones is the same with the ideal model and with the nonideal models. Therefore, the results derived here can be applied to practical cases.
Fifth and sixth graders' attitudes toward mental health issues

As background for the potential development of preventive mental health education programs, the beliefs, feelings, and behavioral intentions of fifth-and sixth-grade children toward mental health issues were surveyed. Results indicated that the children held generally positive attitudes toward these issues. However, these attitudes were not reflected in reported intended behaviors. Some suggestions relevant to mental health education are made.
Thermoelectric Cooling for power electronics circuits: Modeling and applications

This paper discusses the modeling and application of Thermoelectric Cooling (TEC) in power electronics circuits. To investigate the benefits and challenges of using TEC, a comprehensive thermoelectric model which includes both power electronics circuit and TEC device is presented. With this model, the optimal operation range and dynamic base temperature control of power electronics switches are analyzed. The results show that with TEC, the base temperature of power electronics switches can maintain almost constant under different load conditions. Therefore, the switch lifetime and overall system reliability will be improved. Both simulation and experimental results are presented in this paper to verify the analysis.
Fin movement after regeneration of neuromuscular connections: An investigation of myotypic specificity

Abstract Regeneration of the brachial plexus after surgical section restores full and coordinated movement to the pectoral fins of a cichlid fish (Astronotus ocellatus). If nerve trunks from the plexus are sectioned close to the muscles they supply, and are implanted into antagonistic muscles, neuromuscular transmission is re-established but the resultant fin movement is uncoordinated and remains so. The fish spinal cord does not seem to be able to compensate by rearrangement of internal architecture for a large number of inappropriate neuromuscular connections. Restoration of coordinated muscle action when the brachial plexus is allowed to regenerate unhindered is, therefore, most likely to depend on the selective re-establishment in the periphery of a majority of correct nerve muscle connections. Multiterminal polyneuronal innervation of skeletal muscles is common among the lower vertebrates in which muscular coordination is restored when motor nerves regenerate, whereas single end-plate innervation is common in the higher vertebrates in which regeneration of severed motor nerves leads to undifferentiated mass contraction whenever reinnervated muscle groups are called into play. I suggest, therefore, that the degree of fixity of adult spinal cord organization is similar in these two groups of vertebrates, but competitive selective reinnervation of muscle fibers can occur when several nerve sprouts form endings on one muscle cell and cannot occur if each muscle fiber will normally accept only one motor nerve ending.
Characterization of Ni@Pt and Co@Pt overlayer catalysts using adsorption, reactivity descriptors, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Abstract Alumina supported bimetallic overlayer catalysts of platinum on nickel (Ni@Pt) and platinum on cobalt (Co@Pt) were synthesized using the directed deposition technique. First principle computational and single crystal literature studies in overlayer systems have indicated that overlayer formation can have an electronic effect on the surface Pt metal that ultimately will result in decreased binding strength for adsorbed species such as H 2 and CO. In order to determine electronic modifications to the platinum metal surface from overlayer synthesis, several characterization techniques were examined. These techniques include: hydrogen and carbon monoxide chemisorption, an ethylene hydrogenation descriptor reaction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies. Non-structured bimetallic alloy catalysts were also examined (Ni–Pt and Co–Pt) and when compared to overlayer catalysts exhibited notably different behavior. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide chemisorption results demonstrated that overlayer catalysts showed decreased adsorption of both species when compared to both their Pt and non-structured bimetallic counterparts indicating the formation of an overlayer system rather than alloyed or monometallic clusters on the support surface. Ni@Pt and Co@Pt catalysts also demonstrated reduced activity for ethylene hydrogenation when compared to both Pt only and non-structured bimetallic alloy catalysts, further indicating overlayer formation. An observed increase in XAS white line intensity for the overlayer catalysts when compared to pure Pt also indicates a change in the electronic structure of the Pt overlayer consistent with chemisorption, reactivity, and computational predictions. These findings all suggest that the directed deposition technique effectively modified the behavior of the surface Pt in a manner consistent with literature predictions.
Trade creation and trade diversion in the Canada – United States Free Trade Agreement

In this paper the changes in trade patterns introduced by the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement are examined. Variation in the extent of tariff liberalization under the agreement is used to identify the impact of tariff liberalization on the growth of trade both with member countries and non-member countries. Data at the commodity level are used, and the results indicate that the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement had substantial trade creation effects, with little evidence of trade diversion. JEL Classification: F13, F14
Two homogeneous myosins in body-wall muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract Myosin purified from the body-wall muscle-defective mutant E675 of the nematode. Caenorhabditis elegans, has heavy chain polypeptides which can be distinguished on the basis of molecular weight. On SDS-polyacrylamide gels, bands are found at 210,000 and 203,000 daltons. This is in contrast to myosin from the wild-type, N2, which has a single heavy chain band at 210,000 daltons. Both heavy chains of E675 are found in body-wall muscle (Epstein, Waterston and Brenner, 1974). When native myosin from E675 is fractionated on hydroxyapatite, it is separated into myosin containing predominantly one or the other molecular weight heavy chain and myosin containing a mixture of the heavy chains. Comparison of the CNBr fragments of myosin that contains predominantly 210,000 dalton heavy chains with those of myosin that contains predominantly 203,000 dalton heavy chains reveals multiple differences. These differences are not explained by the difference in molecular weight of the heavy chains, but may be explained if each type of heavy chain is the product of a different structural gene. Furthermore, because there are fractions which exhibit >80% 210,000 or >80% 203,000 dalton heavy chain, there is myosin which is homogeneous for each of the heavy chains. Although N2 myosin has only a single molecular weight heavy chain, it too is fractionated by hydroxyapatite. By comparing the CNBr fragments of different myosin fractions, we show that N2, like E675, has two kinds of heavy chains. E190, a body-wall muscle-defective mutant in the same complementation group as E675, is lacking the myosin heavy chain affected by the e675 mutation. This property has allowed us to determine by co-purification of labeled E190 myosin in the presence of excess, unlabeled E675 myosin that most, if not all, of the myosin that contains two different molecular weight heavy chains is due to the formation of complexes between homogeneous myosins and not to a heterogeneous myosin.
Ethanol Effects on 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake Into Tissues Obtained From LS and SS Mice

The uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose (2-DG) has been used with some success to identify neuronal sites of drug action, and has also been useful in identifying brain regions that are differentially sensitive to ethanol in selectively bred rat lines, the alcohol tolerant (AT) and alcohol nontolerant (ANT) lines. The studies reported here utilized the 2-DG method in an attempt to ascertain whether the LS and SS mouse lines, which were selectively bred for differences in sensitivity to high dose, anesthetic effects of ethanol, do so because of disruption of specific neuronal sites. LS and SS mice were injected with saline or a 4.0-g/kg dose of ethanol 15 min before injection with 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose, and uptakes into blood, eight brain regions, the liver, and adrenal tissues were measured 2-60 min afterwards. Ethanol produced statistically significant decreases in 2-DG uptake into every region of the LS mouse brain, but only three brain regions showed significant decreases in uptake in the SS brain. Other SS brain regions showed a trend towards decreased uptake, but these trends were not significant. A comparison of percent decrease in 2-DG uptake across all brain regions showed that ethanol decreased 2-DG uptake approximately twice as much in LS brain regions as in SS brain regions. Since 2-DG uptake into adrenal and hepatic tissue was not affected by ethanol injection in either mouse line, it seems likely that the decreased 2-DG uptake, seen more readily in the LS brain, is due to ethanol-induced central nervous system (CNS) depression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrodynamic Forces On Groups Of Cylinders

A method is proposed which can be used to optimize the spacing of multiple-cylinder supports for offshore structures that are subjected to time dependent hydrodynamic forces. Recently an exact analytical equation was obtained in closed form which predicts fluid forces on any number of cylinders in arbitrary motions. Using the general equation, a numerical experimentation was conducted on a 4 x 4 cylinder array subjected to oscillating flow wherein wake effects are negligible. The results indicate that if the cylinders are equally spaced in both directions, the total hydrodynamic load on the entire rig is constant and independent of the angle of attack. Forces on individual cylinders are also usually smaller than for other types of arrays. Thus equally spaced arrays are recommended for offshore drilling rigs.
Considering Apical Scotomas, Confusion, and Diplopia When Prescribing Prisms for Homonymous Hemianopia

Purpose: While prisms are commonly prescribed for homonymous hemianopia to extend or expand the visual field, they cause potentially troubling visual side effects, including nonveridical location of perceived images, diplopia, and visual confusion. In addition, the field behind a prism at its apex is lost to an apical scotoma equal in magnitude to the amount of prism shift. The perceptual consequences of apical scotomas and the other effects of various designs were examined to consider parameters and designs that can mitigate the impact of these effects. Methods: Various configurations of sector and peripheral prisms were analyzed, in various directions of gaze, and their visual effects were illustrated using simulated perimetry. A novel ‘‘percept’’ diagram was developed that yielded insights into the patient’s view through the prisms. The predictions were verified perimetrically with patients. Results: The diagrams distinguish between potentially beneficial field expansion via visual confusion and the pericentrally disturbing and useless effect of diplopia, and their relationship to prism power and gaze direction. They also illustrate the nonexpanding substitution of field segments of some popular prism designs. Conclusions: Yoked sector prisms have no effect at primary gaze or when gaze is directed toward the seeing hemifield, and they introduce pericentral field loss when gaze is shifted into them. When fitted unilaterally, sector prisms also have an effect only when the gaze is directed into the prism and may cause a pericentral scotoma and/or central diplopia. Peripheral prisms are effective at essentially all gaze angles. Since gaze is not directed into them, they avoid problematic pericentral effects. We derive useful recommendations for prism power and position parameters, including novel ways of fitting prisms asymmetrically. Translational Relevance: Clinicians will find these novel diagrams, diagramming techniques, and analyses valuable when prescribing prismatic aids for hemianopia and when designing new prism devices for patients with various types of field loss.
How you “act your age” when you watch TV

Americans watch a great deal of television. But the factors traditionally considered to determine or explain television usage—availability of free time, low income or class status, low education, emotional difficulties, and lack of structured social interactions—are not generalizable across the adult life span. The television viewing of people over the age of 30 has been understudied—a research bias that mirrors society's youth orientation and essentially excludes older adults from this model. The author analyzed data collected in the National Opinion Research Center's 1988 General Social Survey to assess the determinants of television viewing for adults of all ages. Results indicate that as persons perceive themselves to be in different stages of life and take on age-appropriate roles, tasks, and perspectives, they have distinctively different reasons for viewing. Second, the factors considered to determine TV viewing in the “traditional” model fit the pattern of younger adults' viewing best while predicting the behavior of the elderly least. The author proposes an interpretation of the findings, and discusses future research avenues including the development of age-sensitive models and theories.
The Academic Experience of Male High School Students with ADHD

This study compared the high school academic experience of adolescents with and without childhood ADHD using data from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS). Participants were 326 males with childhood ADHD and 213 demographically similar males without ADHD who were recruited at the start of the follow-up study. Data were collected yearly from parents, teachers and schools. The current study used assessment points at which the participants were currently in or had recently completed grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. Results indicated that adolescents with ADHD experienced significant academic impairment in high school relative to comparison adolescents, including lower overall and main academic subject grade point averages (GPA), lower levels of class placement (e.g. remedial vs. honors), and higher rates of course failure. In addition, teacher reports indicated that adolescents with ADHD completed and turned in a significantly lower percentage of assignments and were significantly less likely to be working up to their potential. Adolescents with ADHD were also significantly more likely to be absent or tardy during the academic year, and they were over eight times more likely than adolescents without ADHD to drop out of high school. These findings demonstrate that children with ADHD continue to experience severe academic impairment into high school.
The relationship between the frequency and the processing complexity of linguistic structure

In this paper the relative frequencies of the possible resolutions of ambiguities involving noun phrase attachment sites are compared to the results of off-line psycholinguistic measurements of syntactic complexity. A lack of correlation between the two is observed. It is therefore argued that the comprehension system is distinct from what is driving the frequencies in the corpora. A production heuristic separate from the comprehension system is proposed to account for the observed frequencies.
Progress in Practice: Bookends and Boilerplate I. Vigilance for the Obligations for Scholarship in Chemical Education

Although its origins arise from confidential information, this article emerges from an area gray enough - important enough - to make the author (hereafter: I) comfortable with the context and sufficiently cautious to clear the content with the National Science Foundation. Intrigued? Let me explain. My premise is that the way that grant proposals are written is representative of the way that a group of potentially leading-edge scholars
Comparing the rates of urinary tract infections among patients receiving adjuvant pelvic intensity modulated radiation therapy, 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy, and brachytherapy for newly diagnosed endometrial cancer

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the rates of urinary tract infection (UTI) among patients with endometrial cancer receiving vaginal brachytherapy alone and brachytherapy plus 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) or intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods and Materials We retrospectively evaluated the rates of UTI among 581 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer, treated between 2004 and 2012. A total of 37% (216/581) received brachytherapy alone, 28% (161/581) received brachytherapy plus 3DCRT, and 35% (204/581) received brachytherapy plus IMRT. UTI during the treatment was defined as evidence of pyuria detected by either urine dipstick or urinalysis. All specimens were collected as a clean catch, midstream void to avoid contamination and resultant false positives. The χ 2 and logistic regression analyses were subsequently employed for statistical analyses. Results UTI was diagnosed in 14.6% (85/581) of all patients. Only 2.8% (6/216) of patients receiving brachytherapy were diagnosed with a UTI during treatment, whereas UTI was diagnosed in 37.3% (60/161) of patients receiving brachytherapy plus 3DCRT, and 9.3% (19/204) of patients receiving brachytherapy plus IMRT ( P P = .048). When compared with brachytherapy, both types of external beam radiation therapy were associated with an increased risk of UTI, though adjuvant 3DCRT (OR, 47.52, 95% CI, 14.81, 152.47; P P = .001). Conclusions When compared with IMRT, 3DCRT is associated with a significantly increased risk of UTI, supporting the use of IMRT as the less toxic external beam radiation therapy for endometrial cancer.
Radio ratings pioneers: The development of a standardized ratings vocabulary

Three pioneer radio rating services contributed to the development of basic audience measurement concepts, which have become part of a standardized ratings vocabulary. Archibald Crossley gave to radio and, later TV measurement, its most basic term, rating. Claude E. Hooper made Hooperatings a part of the nation's vocabulary and contributed the available audience base and the average minute rating. Arthur Nielsen Sr., designed the first probability sample. In the long term, Nielsen's most important innovation was his projectable ratings. As a result, Nielsen championed CPM theory, which tied advertising prices to audience size. Nielsen also was the first to provide a wealth of analytical detail, such as reach, frequency, and audience flow.
Planning activism: Using Social Media to claim marginalized citizens’ right to the city

Abstract Finding a physical solution for complex social problems has been one of the dominant approaches in planning experiences since the beginning of 20th century. Expansion of scientific rationality in social science is one of the theoretical foundations of these experiences that led to domination of comprehensive planning as rational and efficient way of doing planning in many cities. After Habermas introduces communicative rationality as an alternative for scientific rationality, many planners have tried to bring his idea in planning and define new roles for planners such as advocates, facilitators, and mediators. This paper does not aim to enter this discussion to define a formal role for planners in exiting planning structure, instead it introduces an informal role for planners as activists outside power structure and planning departments to pursue marginalized citizens’ right to the city. Planning activists, like other kind of activist such as Human Right activists, work with marginalized citizens to raise their voices in existing decision-making processes and power structures. Since Information Technology and Social Media have revolutionized activists’ works in pursuing their causes around the world, this paper discuss how planning activists can use these tools to advocate both parts of citizens’ right to the city, which are right of participation and right of appropriation.
Should we B-leavin' now?

For lymphocytes to function properly, they must move to and recognize precise anatomical locations. To do so, lymphocytes must decipher cues from a panoply of competing traffic signals.
Role of integrins in enterocyte migration.

1. Enterocyte motility depends critically on cell–matrix interactions. Although still incompletely understood, these appear critically dependent upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion. 2. In addition to providing a mechanism for cell adhesion and traction, the integrins are likely to serve as true receptors for the matrix across which cell motility occurs, initiating signals by both mechanical and chemical means that alter cell phenotype and proliferation as well as cell motility. 3. Sound rationale now exists to postulate that soluble growth factors within the extracellular milieu regulate intestinal mucosal healing not only directly but also indirectly by modulating integrin expression and organization. Presented at the Experimental Biology Symposium on the Role of Integrins in Acute Renal Failure, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 1997.
Susceptibility of recent bacterial isolates to cefdinir and selected antibiotics among children with urinary tract infections.

Background: Cefdinir, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin administered orally, is approved by the U.S. Federal Drug Administration for treatment of skin and respiratory tract infections. During the last two years at the authors' institution, this agent has been used as an off-label treatment for urinary tract infections in children. Objectives: To evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility testing data in children to determine whether there is support for this prescribing practice. Methods: In this retrospective study (2003–2004), the authors compared the susceptibility patterns of urinary pathogens to cefdinir and selected antibiotics in children who were evaluated for urinary tract infections in an urban tertiary academic pediatric emergency department. Pathogens (community acquired vs. opportunistic or nosocomial) were categorized as susceptible, indeterminate, or resistant on the basis of antibiotic susceptibility breakpoints. The frequency of these categorizations for individual drugs was determined. Results: Seven hundred five isolates were recovered from urine during the study period. Pathogens isolated most frequently were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Proteus spp. Of 431 isolates retained in the data set, 412 (95.6%) were susceptible to cefdinir. This rate was comparable or superior to rates observed for other antibiotics: 49.4% for ampicillin, 84.9% for trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, 88.4% for cefazolin, 93.3% for nitrofurantoin, 94.2% for ticarcillin–clavulanate potassium, 97.5% for gentamicin, and 97.7% for ceftriaxone. Cefdinir, however, had lower activity (64.7%) against 17 bacterial isolates categorized as opportunistic or nosocomial pathogens. Conclusions: Cefdinir provides good coverage against common pathogens responsible for urinary tract infections in children and compares favorably with other oral and parenteral antibiotics that are used in the empiric treatment of this infection.
ABSENCE OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-DEFINED LEUKOCYTE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION

ABSENCE OF A MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY-DEFINED LEUKOCYTE PROTEIN IN PATIENTS WITH ABNORMAL LEUKOCYTE FUNCTION
IMMUNOPEROXIDASE LOCALIZATION OF ALPHA BUNGAROTOXIN: A NEW APPROACH TO MYASTHENIA GRAVIS*

The IPBT method has made it possible to precisely visualize the AChR. Normal distribution of AChR is at the peaks of the postjunctional folds of the muscle sarcolemmal membrane with a small amount present on the axonal tip as well. Denervated muscle fibers have extrajunctional AChR. In MG, there are also denervated-appearing fibers but these do not have extrajuctional AChR with the IPBT stain. To explain this, we have been able to demonstrate a serum factor capable of blocking the binding of alpha-BuTx to the AChR and have shown for the first time that this factor is capable of acting at the neuromuscular junction itself. This blocking factor may play a major role in causing the weakness of MG.
Sequence of a new DR12 allele with two silent mutations that affect PCR-SSP typing.

: A new HLA-DR12 allele has been identified in a European Caucasoid bone marrow donor. The DRB1*12012 allele differs from DRB1*12011 by two silent substitutions at codons 72 and 78, two polymorphic positions used for DNA subtyping of the DR12 serotype. The co-occurence of the two nucleotide changes is unique to the DR12 group and results in a new PCR-SSP typing pattern. The complete HLA type of the donor is A24, A68; B55, B61; Cw*01, Cw*0304; DRB1*12012, DRB1*1402; DRB3*0101, DRB3*0202; DQB1*0301. HLA-DRB1*12012 is a rare allele as it occurs in < 0.2% of DR12 donors.