cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease by aspiration biopsy.

1. Among 242 cases of histologically proved Hodgkin9s disease treated at Memorial Hospital for the most part within the past five years, the diagnosis was established by open biopsy in 228, while in 14 cases aspiration biopsy yielded a reliable diagnosis. 2. In the 14 cases of Hodgkin9s disease in which the diagnosis was made by examination of the sectioned clot obtained by aspiration biopsy, the material was from lymph nodes in 9 cases, from a presternal nodule in 1 case, from the lung in 3 cases, and from the spleen in 1 case. 3. Among the 228 cases in which formal biopsy was used to prove the diagnosis, aspiration biopsy had been previously attempted but had been unsuccessful in 11 cases. Thus in 25 cases of the total number of 242, aspiration biopsy had been selected for good reason as the first method to try, and was diagnostically successful in 56 per cent of the group.
User-Generated Ratings and the Evaluation of Credibility and Product Quality in Ecommerce Transactions

Although extremely popular, electronic commerce transactions often lack information that has traditionally served to ensure trust and credibility among exchange partners. The capacity of digital media to aggregate information and connect individuals to one another, however, offers new potential for determining information quality and credibility. To understand people''s perceptions of the credibility of commercial web site information and the factors they find important in their evaluative processes, a nationally representative survey and quasi-experiment were conducted. Survey results showed that while people engage in ecommerce regularly, they do not contribute consumer-generated information very often. They do, however, rely heavily on ratings to evaluate the credibility of commercial information they find online Experimental results further indicate that people attend to aggregate product ratings, but not to the number of ratings when evaluating the quality of products sold online. We conclude with implications of these findings for system designers.
Calcium Signaling System in Salivary Glands

The sections in this article are: 1 Stimulus-Permeability Coupling in Salivary Glands 2 Phosphoinositides and Salivary Receptor Mechanisms 2.1 Phosphoinositide Turnover in Salivary Glands 2.2 Pathways of Phosphoinositide Turnover in Salivary Glands 2.3 Phosphoinositides and Intracellular Calcium Release 2.4 Mechanism of Action of 1,4,5-IP3 2.5 Calcium Entry 2.6 Capacitative Calcium Entry in Parotid Gland 3 Conclusions
Trajectory approach to quantum wave packet dynamics: The correlated derivative propagation method

The correlated derivative propagation method is proposed for the time evolution of quantum wave packets. Without truncation of higher derivatives of hydrodynamic fields, the exact equations of motion derived in the derivative propagation method are solved through the Taylor series method by propagating correlated quantum trajectories. By mapping the physical grid to a uniform computational grid, the necessary higher derivatives of these fields are computed by the finite difference method, and the Jacobian terms of the transformation are determined by the moving least squares method. The Taylor coefficients for hydrodynamic fields and their derivatives are evaluated exactly using the automatic differentiation technique. Excellent results are obtained for barrier transmission problems.
Sequential skewing: an improved skewing algorithm

This paper extends previous work on the Skewing algorithm, a promising approach that allows greedy decision tree induction algorithms to handle problematic functions such as parity functions with a lower run-time penalty than Lookahead. A deficiency of the previously proposed algorithm is its inability to scale up to high dimensional problems. In this paper, we describe a modified algorithm that scales better with increasing numbers of variables. We present experiments with randomly generated Boolean functions that evaluate the algorithm's response to increasing dimensions. We also evaluate the algorithm on a challenging real world biomedical problem, that of SH3 domain binding. Our results indicate that our algorithm almost always outperforms an information gain-based decision tree learner.
Computer analysis of corneal innervation density using a novel double stain in rat corneal whole mounts

Computerised morphometry and a double stain technique were utilised to examine the corneal nerves in whole mounts. This novel stain combines the nonspecific acetylcholinesterase (NsAchE) and gold chloride (AuCl) procedures to enhance staining contrast and facilitate computerised detection of corneal nerves. Fresh rat corneas were dissected, and the Descemet's membrane-endothelium complex was removed. Then the corneas were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde with 50 mM Na-K phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and 8% sucrose for 30 min. They were rinsed and stained singly with NsAchE or AuCl, or were double stained using NsAchE followed by AuCl. Between NsAchE and AuCl staining the corneas were stored frozen in OCT compound at -70 degrees C. Flat mounts of whole corneas were photographed before and after the second staining. Measurable stromal innervation density (mean +/- S.D.) in age-matched corneas stained with AuCl (3.90 +/- 0.36 mm/mm2) was not significantly different from that of NsAchE stained corneas. However, double staining compared with NsAchE staining of the same corneas revealed a 48 +/- 27% increase in demonstrable innervation density of the subepithelial nerve plexus (7.95 +/- 0.86 mm/mm2 vs 5.52 +/- 1.31 mm/mm2, respectively). Improved visualisation of epithelial nerves and their fine ramifications (leashes) was also obtained by double staining. This novel combination of 2 procedures enhances the detection of corneal nerves for analysis by computerised morphometry and provides a more representative estimate of total corneal innervation density.
Integrated flexible endoscopy training during surgical residency.

New advances in endoscopic surgery make it imperative that future gastrointestinal surgeons obtain adequate endoscopy skills. An evaluation of the 2001–02 general surgery residency endoscopy experience at the University of Missouri revealed that chief residents were graduating with an average of 43 endoscopic cases. This met American Board of Surgery (ABS) and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requirements but is inadequate preparation for carrying out advanced endoscopic surgery. Our aim was to determine if endoscopy volume could be improved by dedicating specific staff surgeon time to a gastrointestinal diagnostic center at an affiliated Veterans Administration Hospital. During the academic years 2002–05, two general surgeons who routinely perform endoscopy staffed the gastrointestinal endoscopy center at the Harry S. Truman Hospital two days per week. A minimum of one categorical surgical resident participated during these endoscopy training days while on the Veterans Hospital surgical service. A retrospective observational review of ACGME surgery resident case logs from 2001 to 2005 was conducted to document the changes in resident endoscopy experience. The cases were compiled by postgraduate year (PGY). Resident endoscopy case volume increased 850% from 2001 to 2005. Graduating residents completed an average of 161 endoscopies. Endoscopic experience was attained at all levels of training: 26, 21, 34, 23, and 26 mean endoscopies/year for PGY-1 to PGY-5, respectively. Having specific endoscopy training days at a VA Hospital under the guidance of a dedicated staff surgeon is a successful method to improve surgical resident endoscopy case volume. An integrated endoscopy training curriculum results in early skills acquisition, continued proficiency throughout residency, and is an efficient way to obtain endoscopic skills. In addition, the foundation of flexible endoscopic skill and experience has allowed early integration of surgery residents into research efforts in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
The Effects of Nutritional Manipulation and Laboratory Selection on Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

There are parallels between the effects of laboratory selection and nutritional manipulation on the expression of lifespan and other fitness-related characters in Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is known about the effects of laboratory selection and nutritional manipulation when applied simultaneously. Given that D. melanogaster is one of the major model organisms for testing theories of aging, simultaneous application of laboratory selection and nutritional manipulation is of considerable interest. To that end we developed six groups of five fold replicated populations selected for either early or late fertility. Each of these groups was maintained on either high- or low-nutrition diets. Comparisons among the groups showed that nutrition is neutral in selecting for lifespan. Moreover, the dietary-restriction response can be broken by simultaneous selection and nutritional manipulation. Finally, characters that respond in a parallel manner under selection or nutritional manipulation may not when the two are applied simultaneously.
Single-camera sequential-scan-based polarization-sensitive SDOCT for retinal imaging.

A single-camera, high-speed, polarization-sensitive, spectral-domain optical-coherence-tomography system was developed to measure the polarization properties of the in vivo human retina. A novel phase-unwrapping method in birefringent media is described to extract the total reflectivity, accumulative retardance, and fast-axis orientation from a specially designed sequence of polarization states incident on the sample. A quarter-wave plate was employed to test the performance of the system. The average error and standard deviation of retardation measurements were 3.2° and 2.3°, respectively, and of the fast-axis orientation 1.2° and 0.7° over the range of 0°-180°. The depolarization properties of the retinal pigment epithelium were clearly observed in both retardance and fast-axis orientation image. A normalized standard deviation of the retardance and of the fast-axis orientation is introduced to segment the polarization-scrambling layer of the retinal pigment epithelium.
A Particle Filtering Approach To Constrained Motion Estimation In Tracking Multiple Targets

Particle filtering has been successfully used in complex target tracking applications such as multiple target tracking. The particle filter can be used to incorporate constraints on target motion to improve tracking performance; this can be achieved using likelihood functions and sampling distributions. In this paper, we propose the constraint likelihood function independent partitions (CLIP) algorithm that uses constraints on target motion. This is achieved by incorporating a constraint likelihood function with the particle weights. As demonstrated by our simulations, a higher increase in tracking performance is obtained with our proposed constrained motion proposal (COMP) algorithm that incorporates target kinematic constraint information directly into the proposal density of the particle filter
Quantification of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Mice: Vaginal Protease Activity Precedes Increased MOPQ Scores in Fibulin 5 Knockout Mice

Two mouse models of pelvic organ prolapse have been generated recently, both of which have null mutations in genes involved in elastic fiber synthesis and assembly (fibulin 5 and lysyl oxidase-like 1). Interestingly, although these mice exhibit elastinopathies early in life, pelvic organ prolapse does not develop until later in life. In this investigation we developed and validated a tool to quantify the severity of pelvic organ prolapse in mice, and we used this tool prospectively to study the role of fibulin 5, aging, and vaginal proteases in the development of pelvic organ prolapse. The results indicate that .90% of Fbln5 � /� mice develop prolapse by 6 mo of age, even in the absence of vaginal delivery, and that increased vaginal protease activity precedes the development of prolapse. elastic fibers, female reproductive tract, matrix degradation, matrix metalloproteases, MMP2, MMP9, pelvic organ prolapse, vagina, zymography
SOCRATES and SELF-KNOWLEDGE in ARISTOPHANES' CLOUDS

This article argues that Aristophanes' Clouds treats Socrates as distinctly interested in promoting self-knowledge of the sort related to self-improvement. Section I shows that Aristophanes links the precept γνῶθι σαυτόν (‘know yourself’) with Socrates. Section II outlines the meaning of that precept for Socrates. Section III describes Socrates' conversational method in the Clouds as aimed at therapeutic self-revelation. Section IV identifies the patron Cloud deities of Socrates' school as also concerned to bring people to a therapeutic self-understanding, albeit in a different register from that of Socrates. Section V discusses a sequence of jokes connected to ‘stripping’ that give a concrete image to the search for self-knowledge. Both the action of the Clouds and the tales of cloak-stripping provide models for understanding self-knowledge in a Socratic key. Section VI argues that Socrates' other interest in the phrontistērion, myth-rationalization, is consistent with the promotion of self-knowledge. Section VII supports the claim that Plato's Phaedrus alludes constantly to the Clouds, and because the Phaedrus pays careful attention to self-knowledge, Plato must think that the Clouds does too. It notes in particular that we can explain the Platonic Socrates' famous self-knowledge-related curiosity about his similarity to Typhon (230a) as Plato's allusion to Aristophanes, an allusion made apt by Aristophanes' coordination of Socrates with self-knowledge. Section VIII concludes the paper.
Genome scan of a second wave of NIMH genetics initiative bipolar pedigrees: chromosomes 2, 11, 13, 14, and X.

As part of the on-going NIMH Genetics Initiative on Bipolar Disorder, we have ascertained 153 multiplex bipolar pedigrees and genotyped them in two waves. We report here the genome scan results for chromosomes 2, 11, 13, 14, and X in the second wave of 56 families. A total of 354 individuals were genotyped and included in the current analyses, including 5 with schizoaffective/bipolar (SA/BP), 139 with bipolar I disorder (BPI), 41 with bipolar II disorder (BPII), and 43 with recurrent unipolar depression (RUP). Linkage analyses were carried out with multi-point parametric and non-parametric affected relative pair methods using three different definitions of the affected phenotype: (model 1) SA/BP and BPI; (model 2) SA/BP, BPI, and BPII; and (model 3) SA/BP, BPI, BPII, and RUP. The best findings were on 11p15.5 (NPL = 2.96, P = 0.002) and Xp11.3 (NPL = 2.19, P = 0.01). These findings did not reach conventional criteria for significance, but they were located near regions that have been identified in previous genetic studies of bipolar disorder. The relatively modest but consistent findings across studies may suggest that these loci harbor susceptibility genes of modest effect in a subset of families. Large samples such as that being collected by the NIMH Initiative will be necessary to examine the heterogeneity and identify these susceptibility genes.
Continuous EEG in Encephalitis

Investigators from Rady Children's Hospital of San Diego, CA, reviewed records from all 217 children enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project 2004-2011.
Affect, Desire, and Judgement in Spinoza's Account of Motivation

Two priority problems frustrate our understanding of Spinoza on desire [cupiditas]. The first problem concerns the relationship between desire and the other two primary affects, joy [laetitia] and sadness [tristitia]. Desire seems to be the oddball of this troika, not only because, contrary to the very definition of an affect (3d3; 3 General Definition of the Affects), desires do not themselves consist in changes in one's power of acting, but also because desire seems at once more and less basic than joy and sadness. The second problem concerns the priority of desires and evaluative judgements. While 3p9s and 3p39s suggest that evaluative judgements are (necessarily) posterior to desires, Andrew Youpa has recently argued that passages in Ethics 4 indicate that rational evaluative judgements can give rise to, rather than arise out of, desires. I aim to offer solutions to these problems that reveal the elegance and coherence of Spinoza's account of motivation. Ultimately, I argue that whereas emotions and d...
Generation and Detection of Gap - Free Broadband Terahertz Radiation Using Poled Polymer Films

We present a terahertz generation and detection system using poled electro-optic polymer films as the terahertz emitter and sensor, respectively. The system provides > 10 THz gap-free spectrum band.
Hate in Intimate Relationships as a Self-protective Emotion

Current research on hate is sparse and even less reviewed in the context of relationships research. Considering that spousal abuse, murder, and other forms of violence are not uncommon in intimate relationships, it seems necessary to investigate the role that hate plays in intimate relationships. This chapter provides an analysis of hate as an emotion which, when witnessed in intimate relationships, is often elicited as a form of self-protection. By focusing on alternative goals and outcomes hate can engender, as well as the possible impact hate has on perceptions of threat, it is our hope that one may better understand how hate can be measured, defined, and regulated.
The South: Georgia, North Carolina, and Kentucky

In the decade before the Civil War, just as the states of the North demonstrated variations on Illinois' theme of forming new doctrines around an expanded conception of public duties, the states of the South displayed versions of Virginia's resistance to change in the name of preserving the order of slave society. The review that follows of Georgia, North Carolina, and Kentucky cases illustrates both the points of difference and the underlying unity in the pattern of antebellum southern common law development. Similarly, in the years following the war, these states followed versions of Virginia's pattern of first resisting, and then finally adopting, rules imported from outside sources without significant efforts at explanation and without grounding in the political culture or conditions of the time and place. One point of difference among southern states was whether railroad cases were, or were not, initially seen as driving the development of other doctrines. Regardless of the significance that was attached to railroad cases, however, the consistent pattern that emerges is one of resisting any unification in common law doctrines by making the facts of rail expansion fit, however awkwardly, into traditional analytical categories. Damage to Property: Stock and Slaves Above all, what provoked conflicts in Georgia's system of jurisprudence in the 1850s was the simultaneous existence of railroads and slaves. In 1850, a slave named Jacob boarded a train operated by the Macon & Western line, “for the ordinary fare for negroes, from Macon to the eight mile post above.
Estimating the rate of domestic violence perpetrated by law enforcement officers: A review of methods and estimates

Abstract Rates of officer-perpetrated domestic violence have not been estimated across studies, limiting our knowledge of the extent of this social problem. The purpose of this article is to report on the range of officer-involved domestic violence and the inconsistencies in research methodology across studies. For this article, domestic violence was operationalized as the self-reported use of physical/domestic violence by a law enforcement officer toward an intimate partner. A systematic review of all relevant literature published before April 2015 was conducted to identify primary research studies that provide percentage of law enforcement officers who self-report perpetrating domestic violence. A total of 667 potentially relevant articles were identified by searching Proquest Criminal Justice, PsycINFO through Proquest, ISI Web of Knowledge, reference harvesting, dissertation databases, and institutional reports. Seven articles met the inclusion criteria, offering a range of 4.8–40% of officers who self-report perpetrating domestic violence. Discrepancies in prevalence rates may be attributable to measurement and sampling decisions. This article makes recommendation for future research by identifying the strengths and limitations of previous research. Accurately tracking the rate of OIDV is important to evaluate the effectiveness of laws, policies, and interventions designed to reduce the prevalence of officer-perpetrated domestic violence.
Failure Physics and Accelerated Testing

ACCELERATED step-stress and constant stress tests of two types of film resistors have been analyzed by menas of a time-temperature parameter, based on Arrhenius type aging mechanisms. Correlation was made with physical degradation models of the resistor types. Estimates of time to failure can be made, based on typical environmental exposures. Degradation in planar transistors was found to be affected by random discontinuities, so that a similar correlation could not be made.
Language and human evolution

Abstract The fossil indications for speech, inferred from skull endocasts and from the anatomy of the vocal tract, the vertebral column, and the bony ear, suggest that there was a grade shift from the australopiths ( Australopithecus and Paranthropus ), who lived mainly before two Ma (million years ago), to species of Homo , who lived mainly afterwards. The australopiths were probably no more capable of speech than living chimpanzees are, but bones suggest that all fossil species of Homo anticipated living humans in their speech ability. The oldest well-documented stone tools, assigned to the Oldowan Tradition between 2.6 and 1.76 Ma, required a sophisticated understanding of how to produce sharp-edged flakes routinely. Verbal instruction, albeit at a rudimentary level, was probably required to transmit this understanding between individuals and from generation to generation. More complex, though still primitive forms of language were likely linked to post-Oldowan technological advances, including the appearance of the Acheulean Tradition, defined by hand axes and other shaped stone tools 1.76 Ma, the addition of more refined hand axes to the Acheulean Tradition 1–0.7 Ma, and finally the abandonment of hand axes in favor of a wide variety of flake tools, probably often mounted on wooden handles, in the African Middle Stone Age and west Eurasian Middle Paleolithic beginning 300–250 ka (thousands of years ago). Putative art objects and personal ornaments that occasionally occur in African Middle Stone Age sites between 100 and 60 ka may imply “symbolism”, intimately connected to language historically, but if the limited archaeological evidence is accepted, it implies a form of symbolism that was qualitatively different from the unambiguous historical variety. The historical kind, marked by indisputable art and personal ornaments, appeared only 50–40 ka, which suggests this was also when full-fledged language appeared. The abrupt appearance of language and other fully modern cognitive traits 50–40 ka surely occurred in Africa, and enhanced cognition is likely to explain the nearly simultaneous expansion of fully modern Africans to Eurasia, where they replaced or swamped the Neanderthals and other non-modern humans. Ancient DNA could be used to test the idea that fully featured language appeared about 50 ka, if it becomes possible to determine whether the Neanderthals and other non-modern humans lacked some genes that underpin language and other cognitive functions in all living people.
On a cumulative performance function with Poisson-driven changes in the mean and variance of a performance metric

A proper evaluation of the performance of a system over a specified time horizon must take into consideration the magnitudes of fluctuations in performance level over the time horizon. This paper presents a model to study the cumulative performance of a system over the time period [0,T] when performance fluctuations, whether caused by changes in the internal state of the system or by external factors such as traffic overloads, are reflected by changes in both the mean and variance of the metric being used to assess the system performance. It is assumed that the shifts in the mean and variance of the performance metric occur at epochs which follow a homogeneous Poisson process. The mean and variance of a cumulative performance function are computed in closed form. A performance index, essentially a signal-to-noise ratio, is introduced as a composite measure to account for both the mean and standard deviation of the cumulative performance function. A generalization of this index is given to deal with the case when several performance metrics must be considered simultaneously. The application of the model is illustrated through actual data on packet loss in the Access Grid (AG). The model and ideas of this paper may be useful in performance evaluation of a variety of systems such as computer networks and manufacturing systems.
Bound by the Speed of Light: There’s only so much you can do to optimize NFS over a WAN.

I’ve been asked to optimize our NFS (network file system) set up for a global network, but NFS doesn’t work the same over a long link as it does over a LAN. Management keeps yelling that we have a multigigabit link between our remote sites but what our users experience when they try to access their files over the WAN link is truly frustrating. Is this just an impossible task?
Melanoma brain metastases harboring BRAF V600K or NRAS mutations are associated with an increased local failure rate following conventional therapy

Studies on melanoma brain metastases (MBM) with regard to mutational status are lacking. We investigated the outcomes of MBM in molecularly characterized patients for BRAF and NRAS mutations receiving conventional treatment. We investigated associations between outcomes [competing risk of local and distant brain failure (LF, DF) and overall survival (OS)] and clinical/pathological features of patients with known mutation status following initial treatment of MBM. Competing risk analysis was performed using the methods of Fine and Gray. We identified 235 patients with MBM diagnosed from 2005 to 2011. Mutation prevalence was BRAF non-V600K 98 (42%), BRAF V600K 34 (14%), NRAS 43 (18%), and wild-type for both genes (WT) 60 (26%) patients. Six month cumulative incidence LF rates were 3% for combined SRS or surgery with adjuvant radiation, 18% for surgery, 18% for SRS, 60% for WBRT, and 67% for systemic therapy. On multivariate analysis, only mutation status and initial treatment type were found to be independent predictors of local control. As compared to WT, NRAS (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.18–5.67, p = 0.02) and BRAF V600K (HR 2.83, 95% CI 1.23–6.47, p = 0.01) mutational status were statistically significant while BRAF non-V600K status was not statistically significant (p = 0.23). Mutation status was not associated with DF or OS. BRAF V600K and NRAS mutation status predict increased LF following conventional treatments for MBM. These data can inform the design and interpretation of future MBM trials.
Ultrasonographic predictors of implantation after assisted reproduction

Objective To assess the utility of endometrial thickness, echogenic endometrial pattern, and uterine artery impedance measured as pulsativity index in predicting implantation. Design Prospective case-controlled study of infertile patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs). Patients Four hundred five women undergoing ARTs were studied: 100 women after ET of thawed embryos in natural cycles (frozen ET), 107 women after standardized IVF-ET, 99 women receiving donor oocytes after controlled endometrial development with estrogen and P, and 99 women undergoing IUI with various ovarian stimulation regimens (none, 16; GnRH, 7; clomiphene citrate [CC], 29; hMG, 47). Interventions Transvaginal ultrasonographic examination performed on the day of hCG administration during stimulated cycles; on E 2 day 15 during controlled endometrial cycles; and on the day of ovulation during natural, CC, and GnRH pump cycles. Main Outcome Measure The endometrial thickness, echogenic pattern, and pulsativity index results in 170 conception cycles were compared with 235 nonconception cycles. Results When conception and nonconception cycles were compared, no difference in mean endometrial thickness and significant differences in the frequency of nonmultilayered pattern and pulsativity index>3.3 were observed. Forty-seven percent of nonconception and 9% of conception cycles were associated with at least one of these factors. Conclusion Ultrasonic measurements of pulsativity index, resistance index, and echogenic pattern are useful in predicting implantation after assisted reproduction.
Spanish borrowing into Emberá

Embera is a Central American Indian language belonging to the Choco grouping. This study is based on information from elicitations obtained from Mr. Daniel Castaneda, a Panamanian native speaker of Embera. The number of speakers of Embera is unequally distributed across Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador. Though the statistics vary, the number of native speakers is no more than sixty thousand, in toto, and in Panama, the number of speakers is about twenty thousand. This study is the first attempt to collect and analyze the basic lexical items of the language, and it is the first in English and Spanish. All elicitations were done through the medium of Spanish, at Georgetown University in Washington, D. C., while Mr. Castaneda was residing in the area. For convenient reference, all examples will be given in Spanish, Embera, and English. The phonological changes observed here are quite varied. This is not an exhaustive study, but it does illustrate both the frequent and the sporadic changes in the Spanish words as they are incorporated into Embera.
A simple convolutional neural network for prediction of enhancer-promoter interactions with DNA sequence data.

MOTIVATION Enhancer-promoter interactions (EPIs) in the genome play an important role in transcriptional regulation. EPIs can be useful in boosting statistical power and enhancing mechanistic interpretation for disease- or trait-associated genetic variants in genome-wide association studies. Instead of expensive and time-consuming biological experiments, computational prediction of EPIs with DNA sequence and other genomic data is a fast and viable alternative. In particular, deep learning and other machine learning methods have been demonstrated with promising performance. RESULTS First, using a published human cell line dataset, we demonstrate that a simple convolutional neural network (CNN) performs as well as, if no better than, a more complicated and state-of-the-art architecture, a hybrid of a CNN and a recurrent neural network. More importantly, in spite of the well-known cell line-specific EPIs (and corresponding gene expression), in contrast to the standard practice of training and predicting for each cell line separately, we propose two transfer learning approaches to training a model using all cell lines to various extents, leading to substantially improved predictive performance. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Computer code is available at https://github.com/zzUMN/Combine-CNN-Enhancer-and-Promoters. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
10-Year Outcomes in Heart-Kidney Transplant Patients: Is There a Protective Effect for the Donor Heart?

Purpose Combined heart-kidney transplantation (HKTx) has been shown to have successful short-term outcomes and possibly protective effects for the donor heart. There are an increasing number of patients (pts) with end-stage heart failure and severe renal failure that require HKTx. We sought to assess the 10-Year outcomes of these pts in our single center. Methods Between 1999 and 2008 we assessed 27 HKTx recipients. A control group that received heart transplant (HTx) alone was included (n=496). Endpoints of this study included renal function (creatinine (Cr) at baseline, 5-years, and 10-years post-transplant), 10-year survival, 10-year freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV, as defined by ≥30% stenosis via angiography), 10-year freedom from non-fatal major adverse cardiac events (NF-MACE: myocardial infarction, new congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention, implantable cardioverter defibrillator/pacemaker implant, stroke), and 10-year freedom from any-treated rejection. Results There was no significant difference in 10-year survival, freedom from NF-MACE or any-treated rejection between the two groups. Numerically, HKTx had greater 10-year freedom from CAV compared to HTx alone pts but this was not statistically different. HKTx recipients had a significantly increased baseline Cr as expected (see table). Of note, HKTx pts improve Cr immediately due to the renal allograft, but by 10 years post-transplant, renal function begins to decline. Specifically, by 5 and 10 years post-transplant, there was no difference in Cr between HKTx patients and HTx alone pts. The control population also demonstrated a steady increase in Cr long-term due to calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppression. Conclusion HKTx pts have good outcome 10 years after transplant. Renal function tends to decline long-term in both HKTx and HTx alone pts. There may be a protective effect of CAV in HKTx pts however larger numbers are needed to demonstrate these findings.
Providing cost-effective care for food allergy.

Abstract Objective To review the cost-effectiveness of food allergy management strategies. Data Sources and Study Selections A narrative review and synthesis of literature identified using a PubMed search of relevant articles describing cost-effectiveness evaluations of food allergy management. Results Screening at-risk infants for peanut allergy carries risk of overdiagnosis and is not cost-effective. Evidence suggests that cost-effective care could be better optimized by minimizing delay in oral food challenges for eligible patients, clarifying the role of precautionary allergen labeling, incorporating patient-preference sensitive care in activation of emergency medical services for resolved allergic reactions, and considering value-based pricing and school-supply models for epinephrine. Finally, the annual value-based cost (willingness to pay [WTP] $100,000/quality-adjusted life years [QALY]) of peanut immunotherapy has been estimated to be between $1568 and $6568 for epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) and between $1235 and $5235 for probiotic with peanut oil immunotherapy (POIT), with each therapy showing more favorable cost-effectiveness with greater improvements in health utility, particularly if sustained unresponsiveness can be achieved. Conclusion Many aspects of food allergy management are not cost-effective, and recent evaluations suggest a greater role for incorporating patient and family preferences into guideline-based and traditionally reflexive management decisions. Caregiver understanding of food allergy screening tradeoffs is critical, given that screening children before allergen exposure has significant costs and results in overdiagnosis, especially when oral food challenges are omitted from diagnostic algorithms. Cost-effectiveness analysis can help to identify important decision levers in patient management across a wide range of topics. Further research is needed to better understand health state utilities of specific patient populations.
Abnormal regulation of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in corneas of patients with keratoconus.

Aim To identify changes in the expression of genes coding for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in patients with non-inflammatory corneal disorder keratoconus (KC), patients with corneal scarring, and normal controls. Materials and methods Total RNA extracted from corneal tissue of 13 KC patients, 2 patients with corneal scaring and 4 normal controls was analyzed using Human Extracellular Matrix & Adhesion Molecules Profiler PCR Array. Statistically significant changes in gene expression were identified using the Data Analysis software. Results Comparison of KC and control corneas with thresholds of 1.5 or greater fold change and a p-value of 0.05 or lower, revealed 21 differentially expressed genes, 16 genes were downregulated and 5 were upregulated. Among transcripts downregulated in KC patients we identified THBS1, ADAMTS1, SPP1, several collagens and integrins. We found TGFBI (BIGH3) gene was the most significantly upregulated transcript. Conclusion Development of keratoconus results in deregulation of gene expression of extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules. Clinical significance Downregulation of collagens and upregulation of TGFBI repeatedly identified in KC patients may be used as clinical markers of the disease.
What is technology and technology change? A new conception with systemic-purposeful perspective for technology analysis

Abstract. The study suggests a new definition of technology with a systemic-purposeful perspective: Technology here is a complex system of artifact, made and/or used by living systems, that is composed of more than one entity or sub-system and a relationship that holds between each entity and at least one other entity in the system, selected considering practical, technical and economic characteristics, to satisfy needs, achieve goals and/or solve problems of users for the purpose of adaptation and/or survival in environment. Technology is formed and evolves with different minor and major innovations. Several examples illustrate these concepts and a simple model operationalizes the proposed definition with a preliminary statistical evidence. Overall, then, technology changes current modes of cognition and action to enable makers and/or users to take advantage of important opportunities or to cope with consequential environmental threats. Keywords. Conception of technology, Nature of technology, Origin of technology, Evolution of technology, Diffusion of technology, Systems approach, Artifacts, Purposeful systems, Product modularity, Coevolution, New caledonian crow, Chimpanzee, Technical change. JEL. O30, O32, O33, B50.
March and the pursuit of organizational intelligence: The interplay between procedural rationality and sensible foolishness

March’s long and varied career in organization theory encompasses a number of seemingly disparate themes from rationality, to ambiguity and the garbage can model, to exploration and exploitation in organizations. We examine March’s diverse research trajectory and conclude that his different insights can be brought together under one common theme for his career: that both procedural rationality and sensible foolishness are necessary for the pursuit of organizational intelligence. Traditional models of rationality, even bounded rationality, are insufficient because goals are unstable and inconsistent, and causal ambiguity leads to myopic learning or worse. To explain the interplay between procedural rationality and sensible foolishness in organizations, we explore their role in the inter-related processes of programing, monitoring, sensemaking, search, and decision making.
Chapter 3 – Initial Sizing

Powerful methods to perform the initial sizing of the airplane are presented. Starting with definition of cost, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness, the chapter then presents a powerful method, called Constraint Analysis that helps the designer determining the W/S and T/W (or P/W) for the new design such that it will meet all prescribed performance requirements. This is followed by an introduction to various trade studies tools. Trade studies comprise methods that offer powerful approaches for the solution of various engineering problems. This includes carpet plots, design of experiments, and cost function approaches.
Differences in Staff-Assessed Pain Behaviors among Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents by Level of Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Pain is common among nursing home residents with cognitive impairment and dementia. Pain is often underdiagnosed and undertreated, which may lead to adverse health outcomes. Nonverbal behaviors are valid indicators of pain, but the extent to which these behavioral expressions vary across levels of cognitive impairment is unknown. This study sought to examine differences in the prevalence of pain behaviors among nursing home residents with varying levels of cognitive impairment. Methods: The Minimum Data Set, version 3.0, was used to identify newly admitted nursing home residents with staff-assessed pain (2010–2016, n = 1,036,806). Staff-assessed pain behaviors included nonverbal sounds, vocal complaints, facial expressions, and protective body movements or postures over a 5-day look-back period for residents unable or unwilling to self-report pain. The Cognitive Function Scale was used to categorize residents as having no/mild, moderate, or severe cognitive impairment. Modified Poisson models provided adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% CIs. Results: Compared to residents with no/mild cognitive impairments (any pain: 48.1%), residents with moderate cognitive impairment (any pain: 42.4%; aPR: 0.94 [95% CI 0.93–0.95]) and severe cognitive impairment (any pain: 38.4%; aPR: 0.86 [95% CI 0.85–0.88]) were less likely to have any pain behavior documented. Vocal pain behaviors were common (43.5% in residents with no/mild cognitive impairment), but less so in those with severe cognitive impairment (20.1%). Documentation of facial expressions and nonverbal pain behaviors was more frequent for residents with moderate and severe cognitive impairment than those with no/mild cognitive impairment. Conclusions: The prevalence of behaviors indicative of pain differs by level of cognitive impairment. Pain evaluation and management plays an important role in treatment and care outcomes. Future work should examine how practitioners’ perceptions of pain behaviors influence their ratings of pain intensity and treatment choices.
“The Silence of the Dead”: Remembering Suicide Victims and Reimagining the Communion of Saints:

Though the Catholic Church has become more mindful of the role that mental illness, especially depression, often plays in suicide, this greater awareness needs development so that Catholic theology...
Finding the ANSCR for Media Storage: Lessons from a Renovation Reclassification

The Alpha Numeric System for Classifying Recordings (ANSCR) facilitates browsing by grouping items in content categories. Although uncommon among academic libraries, the author’s institution adopte...
Detecting web attacks using random undersampling and ensemble learners

Class imbalance is an important consideration for cybersecurity and machine learning. We explore classification performance in detecting web attacks in the recent CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. This study considers a total of eight random undersampling (RUS) ratios: no sampling, 999:1, 99:1, 95:5, 9:1, 3:1, 65:35, and 1:1. Additionally, seven different classifiers are employed: Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), CatBoost (CB), LightGBM (LGB), XGBoost (XGB), Naive Bayes (NB), and Logistic Regression (LR). For classification performance metrics, Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUC) and Area Under the Precision-Recall Curve (AUPRC) are both utilized to answer the following three research questions. The first question asks: “Are various random undersampling ratios statistically different from each other in detecting web attacks?” The second question asks: “Are different classifiers statistically different from each other in detecting web attacks?” And, our third question asks: “Is the interaction between different classifiers and random undersampling ratios significant for detecting web attacks?” Based on our experiments, the answers to all three research questions is “Yes”. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to apply random undersampling techniques to web attacks from the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset while exploring various sampling ratios.
Real-World Experience of Bamlanivimab For Outpatient Management of Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 Infection at an Academic Community Health System

Introduction: In November 2020, an emergency use authorization (EUA) was issued for the investigational monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab for treating mild-to-moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in high risk patients. Our academic community health system implemented it at emergency department (ED) for patients who fit the EUA criteria. Research Question or Hypothesis: We assessed clinical benefits of bamlanivimab in reducing hospitalizations in a real-world setting and overall adverse events. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective chart review on patients that received bamlanivimab in ED between November 17th, 2020 and January 15th, 2021, identified by medication usage report. Methods: We collected the following data: demographics, co-morbidities, eligibility criteria, infusion related adverse events, return visits to ED or hospitalization due to COVID-19 related complications. Results: 130 patients received bamlanivimab infusion. The population consists of 68.4% ≥ 65 years of age, 60.8% white, and an average body mass index (BMI) of 29.8 kg/m2 Almost all patients had 1 or more high risk co-morbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and malignancy. About 25% were former/current smokers, and majority arrived from private homes. Average duration of symptoms was 4.3 days and average time since positive COVID test was 1.9 days. Older age was the predominant eligibility criteria for infusion (69%). Six patients experienced infusion-related adverse events, most commonly reduction in blood pressure or oxygen saturation, of which three patients were directly hospitalized. No anaphylactic reactions were observed. 16.9% of patients returned to ED within 30 days (average length of 5.4 days), of which half warranted no medical intervention. However, the remaining patients were subsequently hospitalized (8.5%) with average stay of 11.4 days. These patients were older in comparison to those not admitted. All-cause mortality rate was 2.3%. Conclusion: Bamlanivimab infusion at our health system was well tolerated and effective in reducing potential hospitalizations. However, higher rates of ED visits and hospitalizations were observed than clinical trials.
Prospective evaluation of health status, quality of life and clinical outcomes following implantable defibrillator generator exchange.

Background Little is known about health status and quality of life (QoL) after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) generator exchange (GE). Methods We prospectively followed patients undergoing first-time ICD GE. Serial assessments of health status were performed by administering the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Results Mean age was 67.5 ± 14.3 years, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 36.5% ± 15.0% and over 40% of the cohort had improved LVEF to > 35% at the time of GE. SF-36 scores were significantly worse in physical/general health domains compared to domains of emotional/social well-being ( P Conclusion Patients undergoing ICD GE have significantly worse physical health compared to emotional/social well-being, which is associated with the presence of medical comorbidities. In terms of clinical outcomes, the incidence of appropriate shocks after GE among those with improvement in LVEF is very low, and most deaths post-procedure appear to be non-arrhythmic in origin. These data represent an attempt to more fully characterize the spectrum of QoL and clinical outcomes after GE.