cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
pH AND POPULATION DENSITY IN THE REGULATION OF ANIMAL CELL MULTIPLICATION

Sparse and dense cultures of chick embryo cells were affected differently by pH. The rates of cell multiplication and of thymidine-3H incorporation into DNA of dense cultures were increased as the pH was increased from 6.6 to 7.6. At pH higher than 7.6 the rate of multiplication decreased slightly in the dense cultures, but the rate of thymidine-3H incorporation continued to increase. The discrepancy was due in part to cell death and detachment at very high pH, and in part to a more rapid uptake of thymidine-3H at very high pH. Sparse cultures were much less sensitive to pH reduction and, when a suitably conditioned medium was used to minimize cell damage, very sparse cultures grew almost as well at pH 6.7 as at higher pH. The rates of cell multiplication and thymidine-3H incorporation at low pH decreased in the initially sparse cultures before they reached confluent cell densities. There was no microscope evidence of direct contact between plasma membranes of cells at these densities although the parallel orientation indicated that the cells were influencing locally each other's behavior. Even at much higher cell densities, electron microscopy revealed large intercellular gaps partly filled with a fragmentary electron-opaque material suspected to be glycoprotein. Wounding experiments showed that pH affected cell migration in a manner similar to its effects on cell multiplication. Low pH inhibited cell migration, but those cells which migrated into the denuded region multiplied as rapidly at low pH as at high pH. The effects of pH on growth were correlated with effects on the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose-3H. Dense populations of cells inhibited by low pH were stimulated to incorporate thymidine-3H by the addition of small amounts of diethylaminoethyl-dextran. Rous sarcoma cells at high cell density were less sensitive to pH than were normal cells at the same density, but were more sensitive than sparse normal cultures. The results suggest that cell growth is inhibited through the combined effects of both lowered pH and high cell density on cell surface permeability.
Keloid Excision and Recurrence Prophylaxis Via Intradermal Interferon‐Gamma Injections: A Pilot Study

Keloids are an abnormal response to wound healing distinguished by an overproduction of collagen. Thickened bundles of collagen in the reticular dermis oriented haphazardly in relation to the overlying epithelium are found in keloids, in contrast to thinner collagen fibers in a more orderly arrangement that are found in normal scars. Previous clinical trials of intralesional interferon-gamma (IFN-G) injections by Larrabee et al. 6 and Granstein et al. 12,14 showed a decrease in lesion size. These findings led to a conclusion that IFN-G would be a useful adjunct to surgical excision of keloids to aid in preventing recurrence. We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with two or more keloids treated with excision and subsequent local injections of IFN-G or placebo.
Long-range guided wave inspection of pipe using magnetostrictive sensor technology: the feasibility of defect characterization

The feasibility of characterizing a defect in pipe from the defect signal detected by using the magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) technique, which utilizes longitudinal guided waves for long-range inspection of pipe, was investigated. Signals from notches of various cross-sectional areas showed that the reflection coefficient of the wave from these planar defects is insensitive to the wave frequency and increases monotonically with the increasing cross-sectional area of the defect. Signals from simulated corrosion pits, on the other hand, showed that the reflection coefficient from these volumetric defects is dependent on both the cross-sectional area and the axial extent of the defect as well as on the wave frequency. The results indicated that it is feasible to differentiate planar from volumetric defects and to determine the defect size -- namely, its cross-sectional area and axial extent if it is volumetric.
Simultaneous scheduling and binding for power minimization during microarchitecture synthesis

Sub-micron technologies and the increasing size and complexity of integrated components have aggravated the e ect of long interconnects and buses, compared to that of gates, on the overall performance, and energy of systems [13]. Consequently, we propose a RT level design technique to reduce the energy dissipated in switching of the buses ( 40% of the on-chip power [13]) in the synthesized microarchitectures. This is accomplished by judiciously binding/scheduling data transfers in a Control Data Flow Graph (CDFG) onto buses in the design. The algorithm considers (i) correlations between data transfers, (ii) constraints on system performance, and (iii) constraints on the number of buses. Simulations on benchmarks show that best-energy designs are up to 75% energy-e cient visa-vis the worst-energy designs. Further, best-energy designs are up to 45% more energy-e cient than the best-delay designs.
Mean DNA bend angle and distribution of DNA bend angles in the CAP-DNA complex in solution.

Abstract In order to define the mean DNA bend angle and distribution of DNA bend angles in the catabolite activator protein (CAP)-DNA complex in solution under standard transcription initiation conditions, we have performed nanosecond time-resolved fluorescence measurements quantifying energy transfer between a probe incorporated at a specific site in CAP, and a complementary probe incorporated at each of five specific sites in DNA. The results indicate that the mean DNA bend angle is 77(±3)° – consistent with the mean DNA bend angle observed in crystallographic structures (80(±12)°). Lifetime-distribution analysis indicates that the distribution of DNA bend angles is relatively narrow, with
THE STABILITY OF THE DRUG METABOLISING ENZYMES OF LIVER MICROSOMAL PREPARATIONS.

Abstract The stability of the drug metabolising enzymes of various preparations of rat liver microsomes has been investigated. Four reactions have been studied: (1) the N -demethylation of morphine, (2) the N -demethylation of codeine, (3) the O -demethylation of codeine and (4) the hydroxylation of diethyl tryptamine. The rates of all these reactions are influenced by temperature and an absolute requirement for oxygen and the enzyme activity is linear only over a 30 minute period when the incubation mixture is shaken in air at 37.5 °C. The causes of the instability of these enzyme systems are discussed.
Dual-rate discounting in dynamic economic–environmental modeling

Abstract Discounting plays a crucial role in the economic–environmental modeling with long time horizons. The models with conventional uniform discounting run into difficulties in justifying the cost-benefit tradeoffs of some environmental policies, such as the Kyoto Protocol for greenhouse gas emission reductions. In this paper, we propose a dichotomized approach to resolve the difficulties. Specifically, we suggest that the dual-rate discounting be used in economic–environmental modeling. In such a model, private investments are guided by a conventional discount rate and the environmental investments are guided by a much lower ‘environmental’ discount rate. The dual-rate intertemporal decisions coexist in a time-consistent dynamic system. To validate the notion of dual-rate discounting, we implement it in the regional integrated model of climate and economy model (Am. Econ. Rev. 86 (1996) 741) through an iterative algorithm. The results from the model simulation confirm the desirable properties of dual-rate discounting.
ReCalendar: calendaring and scheduling applications with CPU and energy resource guarantees for mobile devices

We present an advance reservation scheme for CPU and energy resources, called ReCalendar. The goal is to enable soft real-time applications on mobile devices to achieve desired performance and lifetime. ReCalendar achieves this goal via two distinctive phases, calendaring and scheduling. In the calendaring phase, a calendar is used to arrange applications and to request CPU and energy reservations for calendared applications. In the scheduling phase, the resource manager enforces admitted reservations via CPU frequency/voltage adaptation and frequency-aware soft real-time scheduling. We have implemented the ReCalendar prototype and experimentally shown that, compared with previous approaches that support only immediate reservation or CPU advance reservation, ReCalendar achieves longer battery lifetime and higher overall system utility.
A conserved signal and GTPase complex are required for the ciliary transport of polycystin-1

Primary cilia regulate epithelial differentiation and organ function. Failure of mutant polycystins to localize to cilia abolishes flow-stimulated calcium signaling and causes autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. We identify a conserved amino acid sequence, KVHPSST, in the C-terminus of polycystin-1 (PC1) that serves as a ciliary-targeting signal. PC1 binds a multimeric protein complex consisting of several GTPases (Arf4, Rab6, Rab11) and the GTPase-activating protein (GAP), ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain 1 (ASAP1) in the Golgi, which facilitates vesicle budding and Golgi exocytosis. A related N-terminal ciliary-targeting sequence in polycystin-2 similarly binds Arf4. Deletion of the extreme C-terminus of PC1 ablates Arf4 and ASAP1 binding and prevents ciliary localization of an integral membrane CD16.7-PC1 chimera. Interactions are confirmed for chimeric and endogenous proteins through quantitated in vitro and cell-based approaches. PC1 also complexes with Rab8; knockdown of trafficking regulators Arf4 or Rab8 functionally blocks CD16.7-PC1 trafficking to cilia. Mutations in rhodopsin disrupt a similar signal and cause retinitis pigmentosa, while Bardet-Biedl syndrome, primary open-angle glaucoma, and tumor cell invasiveness are linked to dysregulation of ASAP1 or Rab8 or its effectors. In this paper, we provide evidence for a conserved GTPase-dependent ciliary-trafficking mechanism that is shared between epithelia and neurons, and is essential in ciliary-trafficking and cell homeostasis.
ESTAMOS TRAUMADOS: THE EFFECT OF ANTI-IMMIGRANT SENTIMENT AND POLICIES ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF MEXICAN IMMIGRANT FAMILIES

This study examines the effects of immigration legislation on Mexican immigrant families’ health and mental health. Focus groups were completed with youth and adult participants who were immigrants or children of immigrants (N = 43). Participants shared the risky conditions that are part of their everyday life and feelings of isolation, powerlessness, frustration, fear, stress and chronic trauma they experience. Major themes are as follows: (a) Arriesgando la vida (risking our lives)–participants shared the dangers involved in migrating to the United States; (b) Mirando por la ventana (looking out the window)–participants live in a constant state of fear, of being arrested and deported, which significantly restricts how they live their lives; (c) and Estamos traumados (we are traumatized)– participants share the effects on children, how women's stress is manifested, and men's feelings of powerlessness. Further research is needed on the effect of prolonged trauma particularly on children's development.
EARLY SOLAR NEBULA CONDENSATES WITH CANONICAL, NOT SUPRACANONICAL, INITIAL 26 Al/ 27 Al RATIOS

The short-lived radionuclide 26 Al existed throughout the solar nebula 4.57 Ga ago, and the initial abundance ratio ( 26 Al/ 27 Al)0, as inferred from magnesium isotopic compositions of calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in chondritic meteorites, has become a benchmark for understanding early solar system chronology. Internal mineral isochrons in most CAIs measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) give ( 26 Al/ 27 Al)0 ∼ (4–5) × 10 −5 , called “canonical.” Some recent high-precision analyses of (1) bulk CAIs measured by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICPMS), (2) individual CAI minerals and their mixtures measured by laserablation MC-ICPMS, and (3) internal isochrons measured by multicollector (MC)-SIMS indicated a somewhat higher “supracanonical” ( 26 Al/ 27 Al)0 ranging from (5.85 ± 0.05) × 10 −5 to >7 × 10 −5 . These measurements were done on coarse-grained Type B and Type A CAIs that probably formed by recrystallization and/or melting of fine-grained condensate precursors. Thus the supracanonical ratios might record an earlier event, the actual nebular condensation of the CAI precursors. We tested this idea by performing in situ high-precision magnesium isotope measurements of individual minerals in a fine-grained CAI whose structures and volatility-fractionated trace element abundances mark it as a primary solar nebula condensate. Such CAIs are ideal candidates for the fine-grained precursors to the coarse-grained CAIs, and thus should best preserve a supracanonical ratio. Yet, our measured internal isochron yields ( 26 Al/ 27 Al)0 = (5.27 ± 0.17) × 10 −5 . Thus our data do not support the existence of supracanonical ( 26 Al/ 27 Al)0 = (5.85–7) × 10 −5 . There may not have been a significant time interval between condensation of the CAI precursors and their subsequent melting into coarse-grained CAIs.
Pichinde virus induces microvascular endothelial cell permeability through the production of nitric oxide

This report is the first to demonstrate infection of human endothelial cells by Pichinde virus (PIC). PIC infection induces an upregulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene; as well as an increase in detectable nitric oxide (NO). PIC induces an increase in permeability in endothelial cell monolayers which can be abrogated at all measured timepoints with the addition of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, indicating a role for NO in the alteration of endothelial barrier function. Because NO has shown antiviral activity against some viruses, viral titer was measured after addition of the NO synthase inhibitor and found to have no effect in altering virus load in infected EC. The NO synthase inhibition also has no effect on levels of activated caspases induced by PIC infection. Taken together, these data indicate NO production induced by Pichinde virus infection has a pathogenic effect on endothelial cell monolayer permeability.
Forest carbon storage: ecology, management, and policy

The objective of this review is to give ecologists and policy makers a better understanding of forest carbon dynamics and recent policy and management activities in this arena. The ecology of forest carbon is well understood, but measurement and projection of carbon sequestration at small scales can be costly. Some forest management activities qualify as offsets in various carbon markets. To promote wider use, a system is needed that will provide inexpensive and standardized approaches to forest carbon accounting that are not prone to dishonest handling. The prospects are fairly promising for development of such a system, but first, technical and organizational constraints must be overcome. In contrast, the benefits – in terms of greenhouse-gas reduction – of substituting wood for other building materials, and in displacing fossil fuel energy, could be realized immediately, if standards for calculations can be developed.
The Effect Of Two Language Training Approaches On Syntactical Skills of Language-Deviant Children

The effects of the language training approach of Carl Bereiter and Siegfried Engelmann and the language training approach of Marion Blank were experimentally investigated with the parts of speech of descriptor words and functor words. Four children, aged 4 to 5, whose language was deficient in these parts of speech, received both training approaches in a multiple baseline design. Comparisons were drawn as to the effectiveness of these approaches in increasing the use of these parts of speech in free speech situations.Results of the comparison showed the Bereiter-Englemann approach to be more effective than the Marion Blank approach in increasing the use of descriptor and functor words. Furthermore, Bereiter-Engelmann approach proved more efficient in use of teacher time spent to produce the behavioral changes in these two parts of speech.
Fungal sinusitis: diagnosis with CT and MR imaging.

Of 293 patients who underwent computed tomography (CT), surgery, and pathologic examination for chronic sinusitis, 25 had a diagnosis of fungal sinusitis at pathologic examination. Of these, 22 had foci of increased attenuation at CT (in four patients the mean representative CT number [Hounsfied unit] was 122.2 HU [SD, 8.2 HU]), and three did not. Of the 22, 19 patients (76%) met the CT criterion of this study (there was a 12% false-positive and a 12% false-negative diagnostic rate). Six of the 19 patients and one additional patient underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and all demonstrated remarkably hypointense signal characteristics on T2-weighted images. The findings at MR imaging therefore appear more characteristic of fungal sinusitis than the findings at CT. Furnace atomic absorption spectrometry showed increased concentrations of iron and manganese in mycetoma compared with their concentrations in bacterially infected mucus. This finding and the presence of calcium in the fungal concretion ma...
Amino Acid Deficiencies in Peanut Meal and in Corn and Peanut Meal Rations

Abstract GRAU (1946) fed chicks rations containing 20 percent peanut meal protein and several different mixtures of the amino acids lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and threonine. Growth rate was decreased the most when methionine was omitted from the amino acid mixture. A smaller but significant decrease was noted when lysine was omitted. Omission of threonine or tryptophan did not produce a significant reduction in growth rate. It was concluded that peanut meal is lacking primarily in methionine, but is also slightly deficient in lysine. The levels of the essential amino acids in a ration with 18 percent peanut meal protein were compared to the levels that a series of experiments conducted in our laboratory (Dobson et al., 1964) had indicated were well balanced. It was predicted on the basis of the comparison that a ration containing 18 percent peanut meal protein would be deficient in threonine as well as being deficient in…
Model based fault detection of an electro-hydraulic cylinder

One of the key issues in the design of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) schemes for hydraulic systems is the effect of model uncertainties such as severe parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics on their performance. This paper presents the application of a nonlinear model based adaptive robust observer (ARO) to the fault detection and diagnosis of some common faults that occur in hydraulic systems. The ARO presented in this paper is designed by explicitly taking into account the nonlinear system dynamics. Some robust filter structures are designed to attenuate the effect of model uncertainties and controlled online parameter adaptation helps in reducing the extent of model uncertainty and in increasing the sensitivity of the fault detection scheme to help in the detection of incipient failure. The state and parameter estimates are continuously monitored to detect any off-nominal system behavior even in the presence of model uncertainty. Typical faults in hydraulic cylinders like sensor failure, fluid contamination, and lack of sufficient supply pressure are considered in this paper. Simulation results on the swing-arm of a three degree of freedom hydraulic robot are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Nutritional immunity beyond iron: a role for manganese and zinc

Vertebrates sequester iron from invading pathogens, and conversely, pathogens express a variety of factors to steal iron from the host. Recent work has demonstrated that in addition to iron, vertebrates sequester zinc and manganese both intracellularly and extracellularly to protect against infection. Intracellularly, vertebrates utilize the ZIP/ZnT families of transporters to manipulate zinc levels, as well as Nramp1 to manipulate manganese levels. Extracellularly, the S100 protein calprotectin sequesters manganese and potentially zinc to inhibit microbial growth. To circumvent these defenses, bacteria possess high affinity transporters to import specific nutrient metals. Limiting the availability of zinc and manganese as a mechanism to defend against infection expands the spectrum of nutritional immunity and further establishes metal sequestration as a key defense against microbial invaders.
Benchmark calculations with correlated molecular wavefunctions. XIII. Potential energy curves for He2, Ne2 and Ar2 using correlation consistent basis sets through augmented sextuple zeta

The potential energy curves of the rare gas dimers He2, Ne2, and Ar2 have been computed using correlation consistent basis sets ranging from singly augmented aug-cc-pVDZ sets through triply augmented t-aug-cc-pV6Z sets, with the augmented sextuple basis sets being reported herein. Several methods for including electron correlation were investigated, namely Moller—Plesset perturbation theory (MP2, MP3 and MP4) and coupled cluster theory [CCSD and CCSD(T)]. For He2 CCSD(T)/d-aug-cc-pV6Z calculations yield a well depth of 7.35 cm-1 (10.58 K), with an estimated complete basis set (CBS) limit of 7.40 cm-1 (10.65 K). The latter is smaller than the 'exact' well depth (Aziz, R. A., Janzen, A. R., and Moldover, M. R., 1995, Phys. Rev. Lett., 74, 1586) by about 0.2 cm-1 (0.35 K). The Ne2 well depth, computed with the CCSD(T)/d-aug-cc-pV6Z method, is 28.31 cm-1 and the estimated CBS limit is 28.4 cm-1, approximately 1 cm-1 smaller than the empirical potential of Aziz, R. A., and Slaman, M., J., 1989, Chem. Phys., 13...
Scintillation Breakdowns and Reliability of Solid Tantalum Capacitors

Scintillations are momentarily local breakdowns in tantalum capacitors, which are often considered as nuisances rather than failures. However, this paper shows that scintillations are damaging for more than 30% of part types and up to 100% for some lots. Scintillations can be observed after many hours of operation, and the probability of repeat scintillations is higher than of the initial event. In this paper, a time-dependent scintillation breakdown is considered as one of the major reasons of failures during steady-state operation of the capacitors. Using a modified thermochemical model, the distribution of times to failure can be simulated based on the distribution of breakdown voltages. The analysis of distributions of scintillation breakdown voltages and the assessment of the safety margins are critical to assure high quality and reliability of tantalum capacitors.
Primary Care Clinics and Accountable Care Organizations.

Background: The Accountable Care Organization (ACO) is one of the new models of health care delivery in the United States. To date, little is known about the characteristics of health care organizations that have joined ACOs. We report on the findings of a survey of primary care clinics, the objective of which was to investigate the opinions of clinic management about participation in ACOs and the characteristics of clinic organizational structure that may contribute to joining ACOs or be willing to do so. Methods: A 27-item survey questionnaire was developed and distributed by mail in 3 annual waves to all Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) in 9 states. Two dependent variables—participation in ACOs and willingness to join ACOs—were created and analyzed using a generalized estimating equation approach. Results: A total of 257 RHCs responded to the survey. A small percentage (5.2%) of the respondent clinics reported that they were participating in ACOs. Rural Health Clinics in isolated areas were 78% less likely to be in ACOs (odds ratio ¼ 0.22, P ¼ .059). Nonprofit RHCs indicated a higher willingness to join an ACO than for-profit RHCs (B ¼ 1.271, P ¼ .054). There is a positive relationship between RHC size and willingness to join an ACO (B ¼ 0.402, P ¼ .010). Conclusion: At this early stage of ACO development, many RHC personnel are unfamiliar with the ACO model. Rural providers’ limited technological and human resources, and the lack of ACO development in rural areas, may delay or prevent their participation in ACOs.
Corrado Segre and nodal cubic threefolds

We discuss the work of Corrado Segre on nodal cubic hypersurfaces with emphasis on the cases of 6-nodal and 10-nodal cubics. In particular we discuss the Fano surface of lines and conic bundle structures on such threefolds. We review some of the modern research in algebraic geometry related to Segre’s work.
Neonatal Neurobehavioral Examination A New Instrument for Quantitative Analysis of Neonatal Neurological Status

A new neonatal neurobehavioral examination (NNE) was designed in response to the need for a more quantitative assessment of neonatal neurological status. The NNE consists of 27 items divided into three sections: 1) tone and motor patterns, 2) primitive reflexes, and 3) behavioral responses. Each section consists of 9 items scored on a three-point scale. Fifty-four healthy full-term infants were examined at 2 days of age and demonstrated total NNE scores ranging from 70 to a maximum possible score of 81 (X = 76, s = 1.03). Mean section scores for these infants ranged from 25.3 to 26.6 (s = .59-1.79). Intertester agreement was 88% by item and 95% by total score in each section. Two hundred ninety-eight high-risk infants were then examined at 37 to 40 weeks conceptional age (gestational age plus chronological age) or at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, whichever occurred first. Total NNE mean scores for high-risk infants fell into discrete clusters by conceptional age at the time of examination (37-42 weeks, mean score = 66.5; 34-36 weeks, mean score = 60.7; less than 34 weeks, mean score = 51.1). Similar clustering occurred for the three section scores. Highly significant differences existed between the three conceptional age groups for total scores and section scores. No clinically significant score differences were associated with severity of illness or gestational age at birth. The results of this study suggest that the NNE easily and reliably assesses infants' neonatal neurobehavioral status at a given conceptional age. Additional studies are in progress to determine the value of the NNE in predicting subsequent developmental disabilities.
DAMAGING CARDIAC GENE VARIANTS DETERMINE RESPONSE TO LVAD THERAPY

Left ventricular assist devices are routinely placed for end stage non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. Myocardial recovery on therapy is highly variable. Next Generation Sequencing gives us the ability to test for a wide range of damaging mutations. Our objective was to determine the association
Botfly Infections in a Population of Peromyscus Leucopus

Host-parasite relationships between the botfly, Cuterebra sp., and a population of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus lencopus, were observed in central Connecticut from 1963 to 1967. Infection was restricted to a period from July to September; percentages of infection varied from 7.8 to 73.7 There was no correlation between density of the mice and percentage of botfly infections. Infected mice (both single and multiple infections) had a lower survival rate than did uninfected individuals. Mice living in a swamp had significantly fewer infections than those in the upland. If botfly infections exert a significant influence on white-footed mouse populations, such influence apparently is not density dependent.
Self-stabilized deep neural network

Deep neural network models have been successfully applied to many tasks such as image labeling and speech recognition. Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent is the most prevalent method for training these models. A critical part of successfully applying this method is choosing appropriate initial values, as well as local and global learning rate scheduling algorithms. In this paper, we present a method which is less sensitive to choice of initial values, works better than popular learning rate adjustment algorithms, and speeds convergence on model parameters. We show that using the Self-stabilized DNN method, we no longer require initial learning rate tuning and training converges quickly with a fixed global learning rate. The proposed method provides promising results over conventional DNN structure with better convergence rate.
A distributed approach for graph mining in massive networks

We propose a novel distributed algorithm for mining frequent subgraphs from a single, very large, labeled network. Our approach is the first distributed method to mine a massive input graph that is too large to fit in the memory of any individual compute node. The input graph thus has to be partitioned among the nodes, which can lead to potential false negatives. Furthermore, for scalable performance it is crucial to minimize the communication among the compute nodes. Our algorithm, DistGraph, ensures that there are no false negatives, and uses a set of optimizations and efficient collective communication operations to minimize information exchange. To our knowledge DistGraph is the first approach demonstrated to scale to graphs with over a billion vertices and edges. Scalability results on up to 2048 IBM Blue Gene/Q compute nodes, with 16 cores each, show very good speedup.
BMP and WNT: the road to cardiomyocytes is paved with precise modulation.

Production of cardiomyocytes in vitro is a booming topic in the stem cell field at present. Using pluripotent cells, it is now possible to generate human cardiomyocyte-like cells for high-throughput platforms of analysis or screening. For the field of cardiology, there are immediate applications to drug discovery, including high-throughput screens and toxicity testing. Furthermore, differentiating human cells to cardiomyocytes may shed light on early stages of human fetal development, which would otherwise remain inaccessible for ethical reasons. In the effort to meet these ambitious goals, recently the quest for defined protocols with precise conditions has garnered much attention and been accompanied by significant advancements. However, the issues of high reproducibility and efficient maturation grade remain. One aspect linked to those pitfalls is the lack of comprehensive knowledge in the necessary mechanisms governing the in vitro differentiation of human pluripotent cells towards cardiomyocytes. This is precisely the research question that Rao and colleagues address in a recent report (1).
THE EFFECT OF ROOT AND SHOOT TEMPERATURES ON GROWTH OF CEANOTHUS GREGGII SEEDLINGS

The effect of varying independently nutrient solution temperature (5, 15, 25°C) and air temperature (10, 20, 30°C) on hydroponically grown Ceanothus greggii (Rhamnaceae) seedlings was studied. Increasing both air and solution temperatures caused higher root and shoot biomass and larger root and leaf areas. Root/shoot biomass ratio increased with increasing solution temperature and decreased with increasing air temperature. The surface area of individual leaves decreased with higher air temperatures but did not change with solution temperatures.
Music therapy handbook, edited by Barbara L. Wheeler, New York, The Guilford Press, 205. ISBN 9781462529728

The growth of the music therapy field has resulted in both an increased diversity of books and a greater range of interested publishers. The Music Therapy Handbook continues the Guilford Press seri...
Standing Up For Their Data: Recognizing the True Nature of Injuries in Data Breach Claims to Afford Plaintiffs Article III Standing

Follow this and additional works at: http://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/jlp Part of the Civil Law Commons, Commercial Law Commons, Computer Law Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, Legal Remedies Commons, Litigation Commons, National Security Law Commons, Privacy Law Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, Supreme Court of the United States Commons, and the Torts Commons
The Principles of Quantum Information Theory, Dirac’s Equation, and Locality Beyond Relativity

This chapter considers the principles of quantum information theory in conjunction with the principles of QM and QFT, as discussed in earlier chapters. Several recent approaches to quantum information theory will be addressed, such as those by B. Coecke and, more extensively, L. Hardy. Particular attention will, however, be given to the recent work by G. M. D’Ariano and co-workers, G. Chiribella and P. Perinotti. The approach to quantum information theory that they developed allowed D’Ariano and Perinotti to derive Dirac’s equation from the principles of quantum information alone, rather than, as Dirac did, by combining the principles of quantum theory and special relativity. The locality principle, however, plays a key role in this derivation, which, I suggest, may have important implications for fundamental physics. I will proceed as follows. After brief introductory remarks given in Sects. 7.1, 7.2 considers D’Ariano, Chiribella, and Perinotti’s program of finite-dimensional quantum theory (QFDT), based on these principles, and related work, especially that of Hardy, in terms of the operational language of circuits. Sect. 7.3 discusses D’Ariano and Perinotti’s derivation of Dirac’s equation.
Dynamic Response of a Tube Under Moving Pressure

The dynamic response of a thin-walled cylindrical tube under internal moving pressure is analyzed. The investigation contains both the steady state and transient responses. The equations of motion to be used include the terms resulting from the shear deformation and the rotatory inertia. An analytical method by means of the Fourier transform is used for the steady state response, whereas a numerical method of characteristics is used to solve the hyperbolic partial differential equation for the transient response. Numerical examples give the transient responses of the radial deflection at two stations.
EXERCISE, NUTRITION AND GROWTH

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the interrelationship between exercise, nutrition, and growth. It is generally accepted that inactivity leads to atrophy of musculoskeletal system and that prolonged fast or under nutrition block somatic growth. However, the converse interactions between physical activity, nutrition, and growth are not well understood and have been subject to a number of experiments in ad-libitum-fed adult hamsters. Exercise and adequate food intake promote cellular proliferation in the bone and nuclear proliferation in the muscle in the adult hamster. Intake and deprivation of food rapidly influence changes in serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin concentrations in hamsters stimulated by exercise to grow. Unlike the GH response, the secretion of insulin in response to feeding is greatly attenuated in proportion to the severity of food deprivation. It is possible that voluntary exercise in hamsters blocks the normal operation of the GH-inhibitory circuit in adulthood.
Introducing Supplemental Context for Word Sense Disambiguation

Microtext is sparse and informal content typical in social media that is being widely used to study various facets of today's society. This paper proposes the use of supplemental context to counteract the limitations imposed by the sparsity and the informality of microtext on the performance of word sense disambiguation (WSD). WSD relies on the senses of words around an ambiguous word to disambiguate it. Because microtext is sparse and informal, it lacks exploitable context. This creates a major challenge for using this kind of data and consequently to the analyses of studies that rely on microtext sources. This paper proposes, demonstrates, and describes some of the challenges in selecting and utilizing supplemental context. We present studies using twitter data. We validate our studies with around 10,000 tweets using a gold standard proxy we call the blue standard. The method relies on the notion of one sense per collocation, and we implement it by identifying collocated word sequences that are strongly indicative of the target word's sense.
Extended Abstract: An Examination of the Effects of Effort on Price Fairness Judgments

Recent research has shown that effort can influence consumers’ judgments of fairness (Darke and Dahl 2003) and deservingness (Reczek et al. 2014). Popular press provides evidence that consumers are willing to expend effort to get better prices, such as through behaviors exhibited on Black Friday (Tabuchi 2014). Furthermore, academic researchers have called for more investigation on the effects of social cues, such as referent effort—or the effort of another consumer—on consumer judgments of deservingness and price fairness (Darke and Dahl 2003; Haws and Bearden 2006).
Early Versus Late Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for Proximal Humerus Fractures: Does It Matter?

Background: This study compared the outcomes between patients with proximal humerus fractures (PHF) whounderwent acute reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) to those who underwent an alternative initial treatmentbefore requiring (secondary) RSA.Methods: Patients who underwent RSA after suffering a PHF were identified. Two year clinical follow-up was requiredfor inclusion. Patients were divided into an acute group (RSA secondary RSA group was subdivided by initial treatment (non-operative, hemiarthroplasty, open reduction internalfixation (ORIF)). Clinical and radiographic outcomes were compared.Results: Forty-seven patients met inclusion criteria with 15 in the acute RSA group and 32 in the secondary RSA group.The acute RSA group demonstrated better external rotation (28˚) than the secondary RSA group (18˚, P=0.0495). Theacute RSA group showed a trend towards better Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores. Tuberosityhealing rate was higher in the acute RSA group.Conclusion: While acute and secondary RSA can yield successful outcomes, acute RSA results in a higher tuberosityhealing rate and improved external rotation.
Successful Thoracic Duct Ligation for Plastic Bronchitis in an Adult.

Plastic bronchitis is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease characterized by the development of obstructive fibrinous tracheobronchial casts and hypoxic respiratory failure. With its poorly understood cause and rare occurrence in the adult population, few treatment strategies have been described in adults with this condition. In this report, we present a case of successful treatment of an adult with plastic bronchitis, using thoracic duct ligation and resulting in full resolution of airway cast development.
What the Heart Says to the Brain (and vice versa) and Why We Should Listen

In the present paper we describe a model of neurovisceral integration in which a set of neural structures involved in cognitive, affective, and autonomic regulation are related to heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance. We will provide pharmacological and neuroimaging data in support of the neural structures linking the central nervous system to HRV. Next, we will review a number of studies from our group showing that individual differences in HRV are related to performance on tasks associated with executive function and prefrontal cortical activity as well as with emotional regulation. In the first study, individual differences in resting HRV we related to performance on executive and nonexecutive function tasks. The results showed that greater HRV was associated with better performance on executive function tasks. In another experiment, HRV was manipulated by physical detraining. Again, those that maintained their HRV at the post-test showed better performance on executive function tasks. In an experiment investigating emotional regulation we showed that resting levels of HRV were related to emotion modulated startle responses such that those with higher HRV produced context appropriate responses compared to those with low HRV. We propose that these findings have important implications for the understanding of the two-way communication between the heart and the brain.
Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Liver

The liver is the most frequent site of hematogenous metastatic spread from many cancers including breast malignancy. Liver metastases from breast cancer are associated with a poor prognosis and are easily diagnosed with FDG PET/MR imaging.
Dopaminergic polymorphisms associated with medication responsiveness of gait in Parkinson's disease

Abstract Background Gait dysfunction is a common symptom of Parkinson's disease that can cause significant disability and put patients at risk for falls. These symptoms show variable responsiveness to dopaminergic therapy. Objective To determine whether dopaminergic (rs1076560 DRD2 G > T and rs4680 catechole-o-methyltranspherase (COMT) Val158Met) or brain derived neurotrophic factor (rs6265 BDNF Val66Met) genetic polymorphisms are associated with gait function and medication responsiveness in Parkinson's disease. Method Gait function was evaluated on two days for patients (ON and OFF medication in a counterbalanced fashion) and a single session for controls. Investigators were blinded to genotype during data collection. Associations between genotype and medication responsiveness were analyzed using mixed model ANOVAs. A priori hypotheses were tested using GAITRite® electronic mat spatiotemporal gait parameters including step length, step width, velocity, portion of double and single support per gait cycle, and variability of these measures ON and OFF medication. Results We found that the DRD2 polymorphism, but neither COMT nor BDNF, was consistently associated with gait function and medication responsiveness in the patients. Specifically, Parkinson's disease patients with reduced striatal D2 expression (DRD2 T allele carriers) had worse gait dysfunction and showed greater dopamine responsiveness of gait function compared to patients who were homozygous for the G allele. There was no effect of any of the genetic polymorphisms on gait for controls. Conclusions and relevance The findings suggest that genetic subgrouping, in particular for DRD2, may be used to identify Parkinson's disease patient subgroups that are more dopamine responsive for gait function.
Conceptual overlap of spirituality and religion: An item content analysis of several common measures

Despite growing usage of the term “spirituality,” there is no agreed upon operational definition for the term, and measures of the construct vary in content. The following research analyzed several...
Imaging cellular pharmacokinetics of 18F-FDG and 6-NBDG uptake by inflammatory and stem cells

Objectives Myocardial infarction (MI) causes significant loss of cardiomyocytes, myocardial tissue damage, and impairment of myocardial function. The inability of cardiomyocytes to proliferate prevents the heart from self-regeneration. The treatment for advanced heart failure following an MI is heart transplantation despite the limited availability of the organs. Thus, stem-cell-based cardiac therapies could ultimately prevent heart failure by repairing injured myocardium that reverses cardiomyocyte loss. However, stem-cell-based therapies lack understanding of the mechanisms behind a successful therapy, including difficulty tracking stem cells to provide information on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the interaction between different types of stem and inflammatory cells and cell-targeted imaging molecules, 18F-FDG and 6-NBDG, to identify uptake patterns and pharmacokinetics in vitro. Methods Macrophages (both M1 and M2), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were incubated with either 18F-FDG or 6-NBDG. Excess radiotracer and fluorescence were removed and a 100 μm-thin CdWO4 scintillator plate was placed on top of the cells for radioluminescence microscopy imaging of 18F-FDG uptake, while no scintillator was needed for fluorescence imaging of 6-NBDG uptake. Light produced following beta decay was imaged with a highly sensitive inverted microscope (LV200, Olympus) and an Electron Multiplying Charge-Couple Device (EM-CCD) camera. Custom-written software was developed in MATLAB for image processing. Results The average cellular activity of 18F-FDG in a single cell of hAMSCs (0.670±0.028 fCi/μm2, P = 0.001) was 20% and 36% higher compared to uptake in hiPSCs (0.540±0.026 fCi/μm2, P = 0.003) and macrophages (0.430±0.023 fCi/μm2, P = 0.002), respectively. hAMSCs exhibited the slowest influx (0.210 min-1) but the fastest efflux (0.327 min-1) rate compared to the other tested cell lines for 18F-FDG. This cell line also has the highest phosphorylation but exhibited the lowest rate of de-phosphorylation. The uptake pattern for 6-NBDG was very different in these three cell lines. The average cellular activity of 6-NBDG in a single cell of macrophages (0.570±0.230 fM/μm2, P = 0.004) was 38% and 14% higher compared to hiPSCs (0.350±0.160 fM/μm2, P = 0.001) and hAMSCs (0.490±0.028 fM/μm2, P = 0.006), respectively. The influx (0.276 min-1), efflux (0.612 min-1), phosphorylation (0.269 min-1), and de-phosphorylation (0.049 min-1) rates were also highest for macrophages compared to the other two tested cell lines. Conclusion hAMSCs were found to be 2-3× more sensitive to 18F-FDG molecule compared to hiPSCs/macrophages. However, macrophages exhibited the most sensitivity towards 6-NBDG. Based on this result, hAMSCs targeted with 18F-FDG could be more suitable for understanding the mechanisms behind successful therapy for treating MI patients by gathering information on cell migration, proliferation and differentiation.
Design Exploration of Package-Embedded Inductors for High-Efficiency Integrated Voltage Regulators

This paper describes the modeling and design of package-embedded magnetic-core inductors for a system-in-package-based high-efficiency integrated voltage regulator. An application example is used to demonstrate the complete design process, starting with the fabrication of two candidate magnetic composite materials. Based on the measured properties of these materials, magnetic-core inductors are designed and simulated using full-wave simulations. Finally, the overall voltage regulator efficiencies resulting from inductor designs are obtained from analytical equations, which allows for rapid evaluation of different scenarios. Voltage regulator efficiency with magnetic-core inductors is seen to be considerably higher than with similarly sized air-core inductors. Notably, this is even true at high switching frequencies where the magnetic-core inductors have lower quality factors than the air-core inductor.