cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Additive Effects Of Vertebrate Predators On Insects In A Puerto Rican Coffee Plantation

A variety of studies have established the value of shaded coffee plantations as habitat for birds. While the value of birds as biological controls in coffee has received some attention, the interactions between birds and other predators of insects have not been tested. We used exclosures to examine the effects of vertebrate predators on the arthropods associated with coffee, in particular the coffee leafminer (Leucoptera coffeella) and the flatid planthopper Petrusa epilepsis, in a shaded coffee plantation in Puerto Rico. We used a 2 x 2 factorial design with four treatments: exclusion of birds, lizards, birds and lizards, and control (no exclusion). Abundance of insects > 5 mm increased when birds or both birds and lizards were removed. Birds and lizards had an additive effect for insects < 5 mm and for all insects combined. Coffee leafminers showed a weak response to removal of predators while planthopper abundance increased significantly in the absence of avian predators. Arthropod predators and parasitoids did not differ significantly between treatments. Our findings suggest that vertebrate insectivores have an additive effect on insects in coffee and may help control abundances of some coffee pests. Equally important, we present evidence suggesting that they do not interfere with other known natural enemies of coffee pests.
Vibrational stabilization of nonlinear parabolic systems with Neumann boundary conditions

The conditions for the existence of the stabilizing vibrations for a class of distributed parameter systems governed by parabolic partial differential equations with Neumann boundary conditions are derived. The guidelines for the choice of the vibration parameters that ensure stabilization are given. Examples of vibrational stabilization of unstable systems by linear multiplicative and vector additive vibrations are given to support the theory. >
Making IBM’s computer, Watson, human

This essay uses the recent victory of an IBM computer (Watson) in the TV game, Jeopardy, to speculate on the abilities Watson would need, in addition to those it has, to be human. The essay's basic premise is that to be human is to behave as humans behave and to function in society as humans function. Alternatives to this premise are considered and rejected. The viewpoint of the essay is that of teleological behaviorism. Mental states are defined as temporally extended patterns of overt behavior. From this viewpoint (although Watson does not currently have them), essential human attributes such as consciousness, the ability to love, to feel pain, to sense, to perceive, and to imagine may all be possessed by a computer. Most crucially, a computer may possess self-control and may act altruistically. However, the computer's appearance, its ability to make specific movements, its possession of particular internal structures (e.g., whether those structures are organic or inorganic), and the presence of any nonmaterial “self,” are all incidental to its humanity.
Optimal clustering of tree-sweep computations for high-latency parallel environments

Modern hardware and software systems promote a view of parallel systems in which interprocessor communications are uniform and rather expensive in cost. Such systems demand efficient clustering algorithms that aggregate atomic tasks in a way that diminishes the impact of the high communication costs. We develop here a linear-time algorithm that optimally clusters computations that comprise a sequence of disjoint complete up- and/or down-sweeps on a complete binary tree for such parallel environments. Such computations include, for instance, those that implement broadcast, accumulation, and the parallel-prefix operator; such environments include, for instance, networks of workstations or BSP-based programming systems. The schedules produced by our clustering are optimal in the sense of having the exact minimum makespan-not just an approximation thereof-accounting for both computation and communication time. We show by simulation that the makespans of the schedules produced by our algorithm are close to half of those produced by the algorithm that yielded the best schedules previously known.
Nonwithdrawal Molting Programs

Abstract In the commercial egg industry the management practice of using feed withdrawal to induce a flock to molt has been under extreme scrutiny. This is because animal rights groups have voiced their concern about using this practice. Thus, about 5 yr ago, the United Egg Producers (UEP) commissioned 5 universities to conduct experiments to develop alternative molting programs that used nonwithdrawal feeding programs to molt laying hens. The studies conducted to date used techniques ranging from feeding hens without added salt in the diet to using readily available, low-cost feed ingredients to develop molt diets that are low in energy level and protein content. The results of these studies indicated that molting laying hens without feed withdrawal could be done successfully. Research at the University of Illinois found that feeding laying hens diets consisting of wheat middlings, soybean hulls, and corn (low protein and low energy) were successful in providing for acceptable postmolt egg production performance and economic benefit compared with using a standard feed withdrawal method. Therefore, after 5 yr of experimenting with nonwithdrawal molting methods done in several university settings, the egg industry has successfully adopted these methods of molting laying hens. In addition, based on the finding of these experiments, the UEP has revised their recommended molting guidelines to state that only nonwithdrawal molting methods will be permitted after January 1, 2006. Thus, these guidelines will apply to approximately 82% of the US egg industry.
Screening for phasing atoms in protein crystallography

The history of phasing atom methods is expansive; we therefore must apologize for our inability to reference many important contributors due to space limitations. We thank Mary Ann Gawinowicz for conducting mass spectrometry experiments, KR Rajashankar for providing figures, and Aneel Aggarwal, Peter Kwong, and Wayne Hendrickson for helpful suggestions. LS is the recipient of a Career Scientist Award from the Irma T Hirschl Foundation. TJB is a recipient of a Wellcome Trust International Prize Travelling Research Fellowship.
Biomimetic Structures: Biological Implications of Dipeptide‐Substituted Polyphosphazene–Polyester Blend Nanofiber Matrices for Load‐Bearing Bone Regeneration

Successful bone regeneration benefits from three-dimensional (3D) bioresorbable scaffolds that mimic the hierarchical architecture and mechanical characteristics of native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). A scaffold platform that integrates unique material chemistry with nanotopography while mimicking the 3D hierarchical bone architecture and bone mechanics is reported. A biocompatible dipeptide polyphosphazene-polyester blend is electrospun to produce fibers in the diameter range of 50–500 nm to emulate dimensions of collagen fibrils present in the natural bone ECM. Various electrospinning and process parameters are optimized to produce blend nanofibers with good uniformity, appropriate mechanical strength, and suitable porosity. Biomimetic 3D scaffolds are created by orienting blend nanofiber matrices in a concentric manner with an open central cavity to replicate bone marrow cavity, as well as the lamellar structure of bone. This biomimicry results in scaffold stress–strain curve similar to that of native bone with a compressive modulus in the mid-range of values for human trabecular bone. Blend nanofiber matrices support adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts and show an elevated phenotype expression compared to polyester nanofibers. Furthermore, the 3D structure encourages osteoblast infiltration and ECM secretion, bridging the gaps of scaffold concentric walls during in vitro culture. The results also highlight the importance of in situ ECM secretion by cells in maintaining scaffold mechanical properties following scaffold degradation with time. This study for the first time demonstrates the feasibility of developing a mechanically competent nanofiber matrix via a biomimetic strategy and the advantages of polyphosphazene blends in promoting osteoblast phenotype progression for bone regeneration.
Unravelling of the role of long noncoding RNAs in haematopoiesis

The formation of all blood cells requires tight coordination of highly specific yet dynamic gene expression programmes. These programmes are established by integrated networks of transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and regulatory RNAs. Recent advances have revealed that special types of RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are critical components in these networks. lncRNAs are activated in cell type-, developmental stage- and context-specific manners to coordinate gene expression via transcriptional or post-transcriptional mechanisms. They can function via RNA–DNA, RNA–RNA and RNA–protein interactions and can thus affect the activation of genes or the splicing, stability or translation of their transcripts. As a result, distinct collections of lncRNA regulators help modulate the stepwise development of distinct blood cell types. We highlight recent progress, emerging themes and prospective challenges in unravelling the contributions of lncRNAs to haematopoiesis, as well as their implication in blood diseases such as leukaemia.
Management History and Historical Context: Potential Benefits of Its Inclusion in the Management Curriculum

One of the findings contained in Van Fleet and Wren's (2005) report on the teaching of history in business schools indicated that the prevalence of this instruction at the doctoral and undergraduat...
Early functions of the genome of herpesvirus. I. Characterization of the RNA synthesized in cycloheximide-treated, infected cells.

Abstract The inhibition of cell-specific RNA synthesis induced by infection of rabbit kidney cells with pseudorabies virus does not occur when the infected cells are incubated with cycloheximide. The interference with the processing of ribosomal precursor RNA that normally occurs after infection of cells with the herpesvirus is, however, observed in cycloheximide-treated, infected cells, indicating that in contrast to the inhibition of synthesis of cell-specific mRNA, this interference is not mediated by a viral protein. Virus-specific RNA is transcribed in cycloheximide-treated cells. This RNA is predominantly 26 S and represents an accumulation within the cells of sequences repeatedly transcribed from a relatively small part of the viral genome. Only 25% of the sequences usually transcribed prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis are transcribed in cycloheximide-treated, infected cells. After the removal of cycloheximide, the cells synthesize virus-specific proteins exhibiting a profile of electrophoretic migration in polyacrylamide gels different from that of the proteins synthesized at any time after infection. These proteins are richer in arginine than the proteins normally synthesized by the infected cells and probably are so-called “early” viral proteins. The results in this paper indicate that the cycloheximide-treated, infected cells synthesize (after the removal of cycloheximide) a larger amount of “early” viral proteins than do the infected cells during a normal infective cycle.
Religion, fatalism, and cancer control: a qualitative study among Hispanic Catholics

Objectives To assess cancer perceptions among churchgoers and to examine the potential influence of fatalism and religious beliefs on the use of cancer screening tests. Methods Eight semi-structured focus groups were conducted among 67 Hispanic Catholics in Massachusetts. Results In this sample, there were few references to fatalistic beliefs about cancer and nearly universal endorsement of the utility of cancer screening for cancer early detection. Most participants reported that their religious beliefs encouraged them to use health services, including cancer-screening tests. Although participants agreed that God plays an active role in health, they also affirmed the importance of self-agency in determining cancer outcomes. Conclusions Our findings challenge the assumption that fatalism is an overriding perspective among Hispanics. Catholic religious beliefs may contribute to positive health attitudes and behaviors.
Measurement of Distributive and Procedural Justice in Sales Management: Scale Development and Validation

Managers play an important role in the success of salespeople, and the perceptions of managerial justice are essential to maintaining highly motivated, satisfied and committed salespeople. Salespeople are in situations where their sales managers have the authority to handout rewards through changes in sales objectives and sales territories or in the managerial assessments of performance. With such discretion, managers need to be sure that rewards are distributed equitably and that processes are fairly administered. The consequence of perceived injustices can adversely influence satisfaction, commitment, and performance in the salesforce (Podaskoff and MacKenzie 1994). An extensive body of research exists assessing the relationship between perceptions of justice mechanisms and job related outcomes (see Tyler 1994; Martin 1981). However, despite the plethora of research in other areas and a variety of measures of the justice constructs, there has been no consistency among the studies with regard to the rigor of evaluating dimensionality, validity and psychometric properties of the measures.
Iodine and Cobalt

Abstract: Dietary iodine is largely converted to iodide in the digestive tract, where it is normally absorbed at >95% efficiency. Iodide is required for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, and is extensively recycled within the organism. The thiocarbamide group of plant-derived goitrogens possesses antithyroid activity. 131I is sometimes used to treat animals with hyperthyroidism. Cobalt is an important constituent of vitamin B12. Cobalt deficiency in ruminant animals results in an inability to metabolize propionate, as well as an inability to reform tetrahydrofolate from N5-methyl-H4 folate. Several physiologic processes require inorganic cobalt. Cobalt and iron may share the same transport system for intestinal absorption. Iron deficiency enhances intestinal Co absorption.
IN SEARCH OF A “A MORE PERFECT SYMPATHY”: HARVARD'S PHILLIPS BROOKS HOUSE ASSOCIATION AND THE CHALLENGES OF STUDENT VOLUNTARISM

This article examines an early twentieth-century town-gown conflict to illuminate the class and religious tensions that complicated student voluntarism at Harvard University, where the Phillips Brooks House Association (PBHA) formed in 1900 to unify the university's religious and service organizations. With PBHA, Harvard joined universities across the country in promoting student service and joining Progressive Era reform initiatives. The controversy following a student's talk at a Protestant Boston church—where the speaker criticized predominantly Catholic East Cambridge—shows why university representatives had trouble achieving their goals. In the decade following, PBHA struggled to articulate its mission, torn between its commitment to the Protestant Christian Association and a more secular approach, while striving to train effective volunteers and establish smooth relationships with professional social service organizations. This story of PBHA's early years exemplifies the challenges universities faced as they sought to put idealism into practice and transform students into social servants.
MiniCrypt: Reconciling Encryption and Compression for Big Data Stores

We propose MiniCrypt, the first key-value store that reconciles encryption and compression without compromising performance. At the core of MiniCrypt is an observation on data compressibility trends in key-value stores, which enables grouping key-value pairs into small key packs, together with a set of distributed systems techniques for retrieving, updating, merging and splitting encrypted packs. Our evaluation shows that MiniCrypt compresses data by as much as 4 times with respect to the vanilla key-value store, and can increase the server's throughput by up to two orders of magnitude by fitting more data in main memory.
The Integration of Personal Identity, Religious Identity, and Moral Identity in Emerging Adulthood

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the relative roles of identity structure (i.e., personal identity) and identity contents (i.e., religious identity and moral identity) in predicting emerging adults’ prosocial and antisocial behaviors. The sample included 9,495 college students. A variable-centered analysis (path analysis) used personal identity, religious identity, and moral identity as predictors of prosocial and antisocial behavior and tested interactions of personal identity with religious identity and moral identity. Moral identity was the strongest predictor of both behaviors, and religious identity and moral identity both interacted with personal identity in predicting antisocial behavior. A person-centered analysis (latent profile analysis) found three classes: integrated, moral identity–focused, and religious identity–focused, with integrated being most adaptive on both outcomes.
What Happens When You Give Money to Panhandlers? The Case of Downtown Manhattan

Abstract We study panhandling in Downtown Manhattan. Surprisingly few people panhandle there at any given moment: about 8–10 people on average at a busy time, in a small area with an economy the size of Latvia's. The redevelopment of Ground Zero and the resulting surge in economic activity—including the opening of North America's tallest building—changed where panhandlers operated within the neighborhood, but did not significantly increase panhandling overall. The response was muted because the labor supply of panhandlers appears to be inelastic. On the other hand, good places to panhandle are relatively abundant. Hence the benefits of the boom in economic activity accrued mainly to incumbent panhandlers themselves; as would the benefits of greater donor generosity.
Interarea oscillation damping using H-infinity control for the permanent magnet wind generator

Abstract This paper investigates the use of the permanent magnet wind generator as a means for damping dynamic interarea oscillations in multi-area power systems. A power modulation controller is proposed based on the H-infinity design methodology. The controller uses as feedback the frequency deviation of the local power system area and applies effective control on the wind generator rotor speed, blade pitch angle and dc link voltage in order to provide sufficient power modulation at the output of the generator to damp interarea oscillations. The paper also investigates the potential use of the energy stored in the dc link capacitance as an auxiliary means to increase the power modulation capability of the generator. The method is applied to a three-area power system that exhibits undamped rotor oscillations. Results presented in the paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the wind generator in increasing considerably the system damping.
Special Section of JIS on AIS and Ethics

An introduction is presented to a series of articles published within the issue on topics including accounting information systems and ethics, use of performance measurement systems, and ethical implications of data analytic-driven active monitoring systems on employees' perceptions of morale and views of the organization.
CIRCASSIAN REFUGEES AND THE MAKING OF AMMAN, 1878–1914

In the final decades of Ottoman rule, several waves of refugees from the Russian Empire's North Caucasus region immigrated to Transjordan, where they founded Amman and other agricultural villages. This article examines the economy of Amman in its formative years as a Circassian refugee settlement. By exploring connections between North Caucasian refugees, Syrian and Palestinian merchants, and Transjordanian urban and nomadic communities, this study posits refugees as drivers of economic expansion in the late Ottoman period. I argue that the settlement of North Caucasian refugees and their active participation in the real estate market in and around Amman contributed to the entrenchment of the post-1858 property regime in Ottoman Transjordan. Through a study of an upper-class Circassian household and its legal battles, this article also illustrates the rise of refugee elites who benefited from the commodification of land and the construction of state-sponsored infrastructure in the late Ottoman Levant.
Internet of Things ('IOT') - Privacy Concerns

With all the convenience that comes with IoT, it is not suprising that customers are willing to share their logistics, data and very personal and detailed information with companies without much credence to privacy. However, privacy experts in the IoT community are concerned about data misuse, misappropriation and collection of irrelevant data. Although, the tradeoff from the customer’s perspective is convenient, there are those who believe that with such few built-in security features in today’s everyday IoT, which arguably, is in its nascent stage, a privacy and security catastrophe is imminent.
Editorial Commentary: Technical Skill in Arthroscopic Simulation Training: Are Wearable Motion Sensors a Step Forward?

Abstract Wearable inertial sensors can be used for assessment of surgeon body motion during arthroscopy, with demonstrated macroergonomic differences observed between novices and experts during diagnostic arthroscopy of a right cadaver knee. Before the adoption of arthroscopy training benchmarks based on inertial sensor technology, validation research should cross-correlate ergonomic variables with surgical quality.
Constructing Compact Brain Connectomes for Individual Fingerprinting

Recent neuroimaging studies have shown that functional connectomes are unique to individuals, i.e., two distinct fMRIs taken over different sessions of the same subject are more similar in terms of their connectomes than those from two different subjects. In this study, we present significant new results that identify, for the first time, specific parts of resting-state and task-specific connectomes that code the unique signatures. We show that a very small part of the connectome codes the signatures. A network of these features is shown to achieve excellent training and test accuracy in matching imaging datasets. We show that these features are statistically significant, robust to perturbations, invariant across populations, and are localized to a small number of structural regions of the brain. Furthermore, we show that for task-specific connectomes, the regions identified by our method are consistent with their known functional characterization. We present a new matrix sampling technique to derive computationally efficient and accurate methods for identifying the discriminating sub-connectome and support all of our claims using state-of-the-art statistical tests and computational techniques.
Azithromycin triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: azithromycin, tetracycline, and bismuth

BACKGROUND: Azithromycin is new acid-stable macrolide that achieves 10- to 40-fold higher tissue levels than erythromycin after oral dosing. Important to note, the tissue half-life of azithromycin is measured in days instead of hours. METHOD: We evaluated two new triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection in which azithromycin was substituted for metronidazole either as 250 mg b.i.d. or t.i.d. along with tetracycline 500 mg q.i.d. and bismuth subsalicylate 2 tablets q.i.d. for 14 days. H. pylori status was determined by histology before and 6 wk or more after therapy. RESULTS: Thirty men with documented H. pylori peptic ulcers completed therapy. Twenty-one also received ranitidine (300 mg in the evening) along with the antimicrobial therapy. H. pylori infection was successfully treated in 15 (50%) (95% CI = 31-69%). The cure rate was significantly higher with the 250-mg-t.i.d.-azithromycin dosage regime (83%) (95% CI = 52-98%) compared to the 250-mg-b.i.d.-dosage regime (28%) (95% CI = 10-53%) (p < 0.01). Troublesome side effects were experienced by the majority of those receiving azithromycin t.i.d. CONCLUSION: We conclude that although 750 mg or more of azithromycin might eventually be able to replace metronidazole or clarithromycin in standard triple therapy, additional studies are required to identify a regime that is both effective and tolerable.
At the Gates of the Emerald City: Toward a New Theory of Cultural Sustainability

In this chapter, we offer a foundational framework for a new theory of cultural sustainability. Conducting what Franco Moretti calls a “distant reading,” we code a database of over 500 individual Oz instances across five dimensions. We then generalize our observations to propose a set of explanatory conditions under which any artistic experience might achieve cultural sustainability. We conclude with a discussion of our study’s limitations and the directions for future research those limitations suggest.
Increased Risk of Multiple Outpatient Surgeries in African-American Carriers of Transthyretin Val122Ile Mutation Is Modulated by Non-Coding Variants

Background: African-Americans (AAs) have a 3.5% carrier prevalence of Transthyretin (TTR) Val122Ile mutation (rs76992529), which is the genetic cause of a hereditary form of amyloidosis. Methods: We investigated the medical history of Val122Ile carriers and assessed the role of a non-coding variation in 4361 unrelated AAs. Results: We observed that the Ile122 allele was associated with a 6.8-fold increase in the odds of having 10 or more outpatient surgeries (p = 7.81 × 10−5). Stratifying the analysis by sex, the Ile122 allele was associated with a 15.2-fold increase in the odds of having 10 or more outpatient surgeries in men (p = 6.49 × 10−7). A similar sex difference was observed with respect to the association of Val122Ile with musculoskeletal and connective-tissue disorders in an independent cohort of British subjects (n = 361,194, p = 2.47 × 10−13; nmale = 167,020, pmale = 4.02 × 10−24). In Val122Ile African-American carriers, we observed that haplotypes in the upstream region regulating TTR hepatic expression are associated with having 10 or more outpatient surgeries (p = 2.56 × 10−9). Conclusions: TTR Val122Ile showed a large effect with respect to an extreme phenotype identified in medical history that may be related to osteoarthritis, an early sign of the disease. Additionally, the non-coding variation appears to accelerate the negative consequences associated with Val122Ile mutation via TTR expression regulation.
Interrogating Proton Affinities of Organophosphonate Species Via Atmospheric Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry and Computational Methods

Within trace vapor analysis in environmental monitoring, defense, and industry, atmospheric flow tube mass spectrometry (AFT-MS) can fill a role that incorporates non-contact vapor analysis with the selectivity and low detection limits of mass spectrometry. AFT-MS has been applied to quantitating certain explosives by selective clustering with nitrate and more recently applied to detecting tributyl phosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate as protonated species. Developing AFT-MS methods for organophosphorus species is appealing, given that this class of compounds includes a range of pollutants, chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants, and CWA degradation products. A key aspect of targeting organophosphorus analytes has included the use of dopant ion chemistry to form adducts that impart additional analytical selectivity. The assessment of potential dopant molecules suited to enhance detection of these compounds is hindered by few published ion thermochemical properties for organophosphorus species, such as proton affinity, which can be used for approximating proton-bound dimer bond strength. As a preliminary investigation for the progression of sensing methods involving AFT-MS, we have applied both the extended kinetic method and computational approaches to eight organophosphorus CWA simulants to determine their respective gas-phase proton affinities. Notable observed trends, supported by computational efforts, include an increase in proton affinity as the alkyl chain lengths on the phosphonates increased. Graphical Abstract .
Targeting Stat3 with GQ-ODN: A novel strategy for non-small cell lung cancer therapy.

5472 Lung cancer remains the most cause of cancer death, worldwide. The majority of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Despite some improvement over the past decade, the treatment of NSCLC patients is still very poor. Innovative treatment approaches employing new agents, with different mechanisms of action and novel molecular targets, are urgently needed. Stat3-a critical mediator of oncogenic signaling-is highly activated in NSCLC cells, showing promise as a molecular target for lung cancer therapy. Recently, we have developed G-quartet oligodeoxynucleotides (GQ-ODN) as a potent Stat3 inhibitor, which strongly suppress tumor growth in nude mice by inhibiting Stat3 activity and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Here we demonstrated that Stat3 is highly activated in NSCLC cells, including H292, H358, A549, H596, H1299 and H1792. When NSCLC tumors (A549) were established in nude mine, the mice were randomly assigned in four groups: Group1 as placebo was treated with vehicle alone (PEI); Group2 was treated with paclitexal; Groups 3 and 4 were treated with GQ-ODN T40214/PEI and T40231/PEI, respectively. Placebo and GQ-ODN were treated by IP every other days and paclitexal was injected every four days. Over the 21-day treatment period, the mean size of NSCLC tumors increased 11 and 6 folds in placebo-treated mice and in paclitexal-treated mice, respectively, while the mean size of NSCLC tumors only increased 2-fold in GQ-ODN-treated mice. We also provided solid evidence for the mechanism of suppressing tumor growth by inhibition of Stat3 activation (Figure1). Based on the results of western blots, RPA, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL from the tumor tissues of the treated mice, we found that inhibition of Stat3 activation by GQ-ODN significantly suppressed the expression of apoptosis inhibitors (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1 and survivin), cell-cycle regulators (cycling D1 and c-Myc), and inducers of angiogenesis (VEGF), showing the suppression of NSCLC tumor growth through promoting apoptosis and reducing angiogenesis and cell proliferation in tumors. Therefore, Stat3 oncogenic signaling plays a critical role in tumor growth and GQ-ODN as a potent Stat3 inhibitor leads a promising novel strategy for lung cancer therapy.
Suicide in Anxiety Disorders

Suicide constitutes a worldwide public health problem. Though previously overshadowed by the association between mood disorders and suicide, the role of anxiety disorders in conceptualizing, assessing, and treating suicidal ideation and behaviors is now a topic of considerable interest among researchers and clinicians. In this chapter we provide an overview of the empirical evidence linking anxiety disorders and symptoms to suicidal ideation and behaviors, both as an independent risk factor and in the context of comorbid disorders. We then present key considerations in conducting suicide risk assessments among individuals with anxiety presentations. A discussion of updated best-care practices for crisis management and a summary of established and emerging treatment options for patients identified as having elevated suicide risk follow. We conclude with suggestions for future research in the area of suicide and anxiety disorders.
Friend or Foe: Empirically Supported Treatments for Culturally Minority Clients

Minority clients still experience mental health disparities due to barriers in accessing and receiving quality mental health treatments. Research shows that empirically supported treatments (EST) may not be as effective for minority populations. Culturally adapted interventions have shown positive results in decreasing mental health symptoms. However, it is unclear how cultural factors should be included in mental health treatments. This chapter summarizes existing literature on cultural factors (e.g., racial and ethnic match, cultural identity, face concerns) and how they influence treatment processes and outcomes. The proximal-distal model is proposed as a promising framework to guide interventions to be more culturally relevant, and to help clinicians identify potential barriers for their minority clients and adapt treatment for their specific needs.
Prognostication based on TNM staging for socioeconomically disadvantaged colorectal cancer patients.

e19036Background: The TNM classification system is the global standard for staging solid tumors, but the ability of TNM to differentiate prognostic groups may vary between settings because of diffe...
Phase-field simulations of electrohydrodynamic jetting for printing nano-to-microscopic constructs

A numerical simulation is presented for predicting the transient ejection of micro-/nano-scopic jets from microscale nozzles, when a liquid confined within the nozzle is subjected to an external electric field. This simulation is based on the Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric model, and uses the phase field method for interface tracking. The presented model is able to successfully simulate the deformation of a flat liquid meniscus into a Taylor cone, eventually leading to jet formation and breakup into droplets. Several simulations are performed to understand the effect of process parameters like applied voltage, liquid flow rate and properties on jet ejection dynamics. The results reveal the dependence of the ejected jet diameter and current primarily on the applied electric potential, liquid flow rate and electrical conductivity of the liquid. For high conductivity liquids, it is found that the convection current is of the same order of magnitude as the conduction current. In contrast, the convection current dominates the conduction current during jet ejection in the case of low conductivity liquids, regardless of the flow rate. It is also found that stable jets smaller than 200 nm can be produced from a 2 μm nozzle, which would facilitate patterning structures at the nanoscale. This model presents an approach to analyze the effect of process parameters on electrojet ejections and can effectively guide the design of printheads for e-jet systems that pattern nanoscale features in jetting and nano-dripping modes from microscopic nozzles.
Binder Blunder in CKD.

Persons living with CKD are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Although mechanisms remain uncertain, alterations in mineral metabolism represent potential causal intermediates. Reductions in GFR are associated with altered phosphate homeostasis, and even modest elevations
A phantom study to evaluate three different registration platform of 3D/3D, 2D/3D, and 3D surface match with 6D alignment for precise image‐guided radiotherapy

PURPOSE To evaluate two three-dimensional (3D)/3D registration platforms, one two-dimensional (2D)/3D registration method, and one 3D surface registration method (3DS). These three technologies are available to perform six-dimensional (6D) registrations for image-guided radiotherapy treatment. METHODS Fiducial markers were asymmetrically placed on the surfaces of an anthropomorphic head phantom (n = 13) and a body phantom (n = 8), respectively. The point match (PM) solution to the six-dimensional (6D) transformation between the two image sets [planning computed tomography (CT) and cone beam CT (CBCT)] was determined through least-square fitting of the fiducial positions using singular value decomposition (SVD). The transformation result from SVD was verified and was used as the gold standard to evaluate the 6D accuracy of 3D/3D registration in Varian's platform (3D3DV), 3D/3D and 2D/3D registration in the BrainLab ExacTrac system (3D3DE and 2D3D), as well as 3DS in the AlignRT system. Image registration accuracy from each method was quantitatively evaluated by root mean square of target registration error (rmsTRE) on fiducial markers and by isocenter registration error (IRE). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was utilized to compare the difference of each registration method with PM. A P < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS rmsTRE was in the range of 0.4 mm/0.7 mm (cranial/body), 0.5 mm/1 mm, 1.0 mm/1.5 mm, and 1.0 mm/1.2 mm for PM, 3D3D, 2D3D, and 3DS, respectively. Comparing to PM, the mean errors of IRE were 0.3 mm/1 mm for 3D3D, 0.5 mm/1.4 mm for 2D3D, and 1.6 mm/1.35 mm for 3DS for the cranial and body phantoms respectively. Both of 3D3D and 2D3D methods differed significantly in the roll direction as compared to the PM method for the cranial phantom. The 3DS method was significantly different from the PM method in all three translation dimensions for both the cranial (P = 0.003-P = 0.03) and body (P < 0.001-P = 0.008) phantoms. CONCLUSION 3D3D using CBCT had the best image registration accuracy among all the tested methods. 2D3D method was slightly inferior to the 3D3D method but was still acceptable as a treatment position verification device. 3DS is comparable to 2D3D technique and could be a substitute for X-ray or CBCT for pretreatment verification for treatment of anatomical sites that are rigid.
Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Mouse Islets Following Short-Term Obesogenic Dietary Intervention

Obesity is closely associated with adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes results when islet β cells fail to maintain appropriate insulin secretion in the face of insulin resistance. To clarify the early transcriptional events leading to β-cell failure in the setting of obesity, we fed male C57BL/6J mice an obesogenic, high-fat diet (60% kcal from fat) or a control diet (10% kcal from fat) for one week, and islets from these mice (from four high-fat- and three control-fed mice) were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) analysis. Islet endocrine cell types (α cells, β cells, δ cells, PP cells) and other resident cell types (macrophages, T cells) were annotated by transcript profiles and visualized using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for Dimension Reduction (UMAP) plots. UMAP analysis revealed distinct cell clusters (11 for β cells, 5 for α cells, 3 for δ cells, PP cells, ductal cells, endothelial cells), emphasizing the heterogeneity of cell populations in the islet. Collectively, the clusters containing the majority of β cells showed the fewest gene expression changes, whereas clusters harboring the minority of β cells showed the most changes. We identified that distinct β-cell clusters downregulate genes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and upregulate genes associated with insulin secretion, whereas others upregulate genes that impair insulin secretion, cell proliferation, and cell survival. Moreover, all β-cell clusters negatively regulate genes associated with immune response activation. Glucagon-producing α cells exhibited patterns similar to β cells but, again, in clusters containing the minority of α cells. Our data indicate that an early transcriptional response in islets to an obesogenic diet reflects an attempt by distinct populations of β cells to augment or impair cellular function and/or reduce inflammatory responses as possible harbingers of ensuing insulin resistance.
Optimization of waste heat efficient utilization technology of regional integrated energy system

Aiming at the optimization of an integrated energy system in a certain area, an efficient utilization system of flue gas waste heat in a combined cycle unit of coupled flue gas waste heat system, natural gas heating system, chemical water heating system and office area refrigeration and heating system is proposed. According to the energy demand analysis of natural gas heating system, chemical water heating system and office cooling and heating system in different seasons, the system uses the thermal medium water in the low-pressure economizer as the carrier of energy transfer and conversion. For the purpose of uniform utilization of heat, the heat medium water enters the water-water heat exchanger for heat exchange to heat the natural gas heating system, chemical water heating system and office cooling and heating system of the plant pressure regulating station. Finally, an integrated whole energy supply system is constructed, which improves the energy efficiency and economy of the integrated energy system. The practical operation shows that the flue gas waste heat efficient utilization system has the advantages of flexible application, strong seasonal adaptability and remarkable energy-saving effect. After application, the annual operating cost of the unit can be reduced by 2.7 million yuan. Relevant experience in this paper can be used as reference for subsequent similar generator sets.
Lightweight and modular resource leak verification

A resource leak occurs when a program allocates a resource, such as a socket or file handle, but fails to deallocate it. Resource leaks cause resource starvation, slowdowns, and crashes. Previous techniques to prevent resource leaks are either unsound, imprecise, inapplicable to existing code, slow, or a combination of these. Static detection of resource leaks requires checking that de-allocation methods are always invoked on relevant objects before they become unreachable. Our key insight is that leak detection can be reduced to an accumulation problem, a class of typestate problems amenable to sound and modular checking without the need for a heavyweight, whole-program alias analysis. The precision of an accumulation analysis can be improved by computing targeted aliasing information, and we augmented our baseline checker with three such novel techniques: a lightweight ownership transfer system; a specialized resource alias analysis; and a system to create a fresh obligation when a non-final resource field is updated. Our approach occupies a unique slice of the design space: it is sound and runs relatively quickly (taking minutes on programs that a state-of-the-art approach took hours to analyze). We implemented our techniques for Java in an open-source tool called the Resource Leak Checker. The Resource Leak Checker revealed 49 real resource leaks in widely-deployed software. It scales well, has a manageable false positive rate (comparable to the high-confidence resource leak analysis built into the Eclipse IDE), and imposes only a small annotation burden (1/1500 LoC) for developers.
Teacher educators’ perspectives and practices towards the Technology Education Technology Competencies (TETCs)

This mixed-method study explores current innovative methods towards technology integration in a teacher preparation programme at a mid-sized university in the Southeastern United States. The author...
Sea and Land Breezes

Sea and land breezes represent fundamental types of coastal mesoscale meteorological phenomena. They result from the uneven heating of land and sea, which induces mesoscale pressure and therefore circulation oscillations between day and night. The onshore sea breeze occurs by day, peaking in afternoon, and the offshore land breeze occurs nocturnally, peaking near sunrise. The Florida peninsula has a double-sea breeze—from both the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. Analogous processes occur when the water body is a large lake, in which case, the lake breeze occurs during afternoon hours. When well-organized along a homogeneous coastline, the sea breeze can form a sea-breeze front. The shape of a coastline also has a major impact on the timing and location of convergence associated with the sea breeze and the sea-breeze front. In order for a land or sea breeze circulation to develop, there must be a temperature difference between the land and the adjacent sea.
Cardiorespiratory and body composition measurements of a select group of high school football players.

Abstract Twenty-seven members of the 1970 Big 33 football team in Pennsyvania participated in a progressive work test on a treadmill designed to assess their work capacity as well as their capacity to deliver oxygen to working muscle. All were recent high school graduates. Anthropometric measurements revealed that interior linemen and linebackers were physically larger and possessed more body fat than backs and ends. Average aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen intake) for all players was approximately 50 ml/kg/min, an average regarded as relatively low, particularly for the backs and ends who consistently participated in run and pass plays. The relatively moderate level of work and aerobic capacity observed for these athletes is a reflection of their conditioning regimen which consisted mainly of weight training and sprint running, with little emphasis on development of cardiorespiratory endurance.
Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli K-12 mutant deficient in glutaredoxin.

Abstract Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 deficient in glutaredoxin were isolated and partially characterized. The mutants have detectable but significantly reduced glutaredoxin activity in assays of whole cells made permeable with ether as well as in assays of crude extracts coupled to ribonucleotide reductase. In vivo, the mutants appear to be deficient in both sulfate and ribonucleotide reduction, suggesting that in vivo glutaredoxin is the preferred cofactor for ribonucleotide reductase and adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate reductase. Complementation of the mutant phenotype by transformants was used to clone the wild-type glutaredoxin allele. The transformants had a high level of glutaredoxin activity and contained a plasmid with an insert that had a restriction endonuclease pattern identical to that predicted by the DNA sequence for glutaredoxin determined by Hoog et al. (J.-O. Hoog, H. von Bahr-Lindstrom, H. Jornvall, and A. Holmgren, Gene 43:13-21, 1986).
Trigeminal neuralgia: Report of a bilateral case

Abstract A treatise on trigeminal neuralgia is presented, placing special emphasis on the history, etiology, symptoms, and present-day concepts of therapy. A most unusual case of bilateral trigeminal neuralgia of the infraorbital nerves which has been successfully treated by three different modes of therapy is also reported.
One Year of Daily Satellite Orbit and Polar Motion Estimation for Near Real Time Crustal Deformation Monitoring

The Permanent GPS Geodetic Array (PGGA) in southern California consists of five continuously operating stations established to monitor crustal deformation in near real time. The near real time requirement has been problematic since GPS satellite ephemerides and predicted earth orientation values (IERS Bulletins A and B) have been found to be neither sufficiently timely nor accurate to achieve horizontal position accuracies of several mm on regional scales. Therefore, we have been estimating precise GPS ephemerides and polar motion since August 1991. An examination of overlapping 24-hour satellite arcs indicates worst-case orbital errors of approximately 0.2 meters in the radial components, 1 meter in the cross-track components and 2–3 meters in the along-track components. A comparison with very long baseline interferometry indicates an accuracy of less than 1 mas in our determination of 24-hour values of pole position. These products are sufficiently timely and accurate to achieve several mm long-term horizontal precision in regional scale measurements of crustal deformation in near real time, as has been demonstrated during the 28 June, 1992 Landers and Big Bear earthquakes in southern California. The PGGA stations were able to detect seismically induced, sub-centimeter-level motions with respect to a terrestrial reference frame defined by the global tracking stations.