cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous flow and temperature correction in the equilibrium stage problem

Iterative methods for the solution of the steady state equilibrium stage problem are studied. Equations are first developed for calculating the effect of a change in temperature or flow rate on all energy balances, and then it is shown that these equations can be used in the multiple variable form of the Newton-Raphson correction process to correct either the temperatures or the flow rates when only energy balance errors are used. Similar equations for material balance errors which have been developed previously are then combined with the energy balance equations to provide a method for simultaneous correction of the temperatures and the flow rates. Because first-order interactions between flow rates and temperatures are included the method is applicable to a wide range of equilibrium stage problems. Sample problems are presented, and it is shown that quadratic convergence is obtained for the simultaneous correction process.
Changes in cis‐zeatin and cis‐zeatin riboside levels and biological activity during potato tuber dormancy

The effects of postharvest storage duration and temperature on endogenous cis-zeatin (cis-Z) and cis-zeatin riboside (cis-ZR) levels in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were determined in relation to tuber bud dormancy. The tubers used in these studies were completely dormant for at least 81 days of storage. Thereafter, tuber bud dormancy diminished gradually and after 165 days of postharvest storage, the tubers were completely non-dormant. Immediately after harvest, endogenous levels of cis-Z and cis-ZR were approximately 25 pmol (g fresh weight)−1 and 8 pmol (g fresh weight)−1, respectively. In tubers exiting dormancy but stored at a growth-inhibiting temperature (3°C), endogenous levels of cis-Z rose over threefold after 25 days of storage and remained elevated for the duration of the study. Levels of cis-ZR remained essentially constant during this same period. In tubers transferred to a growth permissive temperature (20°C) prior to use, the rise in endogenous cis-Z was less dramatic and more protracted; increasing twofold after 53 days of storage. No change in cis-Z riboside content was observed in these tubers during this period. Dose-response studies using either cis-Z or trans-Z demonstrated a time-dependent increase in cytokinin sensitivity during postharvest storage. Immediately after harvest, dormant tubers were insensitive to both zeatin isomers. Thereafter, tubers exhibited a dose-dependent increase in premature sprouting following injection with either cytokinin isomer. After injection into dormant tubers, cis-[8-14C]-zeatin was metabolized primarily to adenine/adenosine and cis-Z riboside. Seven days after injection, less than 10% of the recovered radioactivity was associated with trans-ZR. These results are consistent with a role for endogenous cis-Z (and its derivatives) in the regulation of potato tuber dormancy.
3D eye movement analysis for VR visual inspection training

This paper presents an improved 3D eye movement analysis algorithm for binocular eye tracking within Virtual Reality for visual inspection training. The user's gaze direction, head position and orientation are tracked to allow recording of the user's fixations within the environment. The paper summarizes methods for (1) integrating the eye tracker into a Virtual Reality framework, (2) calculating the user's 3D gaze vector, and (3) calibrating the software to estimate the user's inter-pupillary distance post-facto. New techniques are presented for eye movement analysis in 3D for improved signal noise suppression. The paper describes (1) the use of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters for eye movement analysis, (2) the utility of adaptive thresholding and fixation grouping, and (3) a heuristic method to recover lost eye movement data due to miscalibration. While the linear signal analysis approach is itself not new, its application to eye movement analysis in three dimensions advances traditional 2D approaches since it takes into account the 6 degrees of freedom of head movements and is resolution independent. Results indicate improved noise suppression over our previous signal analysis approach.
ICP27 Recruits Aly/REF but Not TAP/NXF1 to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Transcription Sites although TAP/NXF1 Is Required for ICP27 Export

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) protein ICP27 interacts with the cellular export adaptor protein Aly/REF, which is part of the exon junction complex implicated in cellular mRNA export. We previously reported that Aly/REF was no longer associated with splicing factor SC35 sites during infection but instead colocalized with ICP27 in distinct structures. Here we show that these structures colocalize with ICP4 and are sites of HSV-1 transcription. ICP27 mutants with lesions in the region required for the interaction with Aly/REF failed to recruit Aly/REF to viral transcription sites; however, ICP27 export to the cytoplasm was unimpaired, indicating that the interaction of ICP27 with Aly/REF is not required for ICP27 shuttling. ICP27 has also been shown to interact with the cellular mRNA export receptor TAP/NXF1. We report that ICP27 interacts directly with TAP/NXF1 and does not require Aly/REF to bridge the interaction. The C terminus of ICP27 is required; however, the N-terminal leucine-rich region also contributes to the interaction of ICP27 with TAP/NXF1. In contrast to the results found for Aly/REF, mutants that failed to interact with TAP/NXF1 were not exported to the cytoplasm, and TAP/NXF1 was not recruited to sites of HSV-1 transcription. Therefore, the interaction of ICP27 with TAP/NXF1 occurs after ICP27 leaves viral transcription sites. We conclude that ICP27 and the viral RNAs to which it binds are exported via the TAP/NXF1 export receptor.
More social than capital: Social capital accumulation through social network exchange among legal and unauthorized Mexican migrants

Abstract Social capital is frequently used to explain many policy related outcomes, but research has not adequately explained how it is accumulated. It is unclear whether the economic or social characteristics of others in a social network motivate social capital accumulation. This lack of understanding has called some to question social capital's efficacy. Employing data from a survey of randomly selected foreign-born Mexicans in Los Angeles County, the influence of social and economic characteristics of a migrant's social network members are estimated. Results suggest a negative association with social capital accumulation for Mexican migrants with a social network member outside their neighborhood. Having married social network members is positively associated for legal Mexicans, while having network members who work in occupations requiring more social skills is positively associated for unauthorized Mexicans accumulating social capital. Measures of human and financial capital are not associated with the probability of developing social capital.
Type of semantic elaboration and recall.

Two experiments examined the effects of various semantic-orienting tasks on immediate and delayed recall. In Experiment 1, words modified by their core or cross-situational properties (necessary adjectives) were recalled better than words modified by more peripheral properties (arbitrary adjectives). In addition, the beneficial effects of necessary adjectives seemed to be independent of the amount of cognitive analysis required for processing these adjectives. In Experiment 2, words modified by necessary adjectives were recalled better regardless of whether the adjectives were general or specific. Overall, the results are consistent with the “core meaning” notion and indicate that the quality of semantic elaboration is an important determinant of recall.
Vaginal hysterectomy as primary treatment of endometrial cancer in medically compromised women

Abstract Objective: To study the survival, rates and patterns of recurrence, and perioperative morbidity in medically compromised women with endometrial cancer treated by primary vaginal hysterectomy. Methods: Fifty-one patients with endometrial cancer treated initially by vaginal hysterectomy between 1977 and 1999 were identified at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center and affiliated hospitals. Data were retrieved from hospital and office records. Statistical analysis, including Kaplan-Meier methods, was performed and the disease-specific survival rates were estimated. This study has 80% power to demonstrate a greater than 20% improvement in 5-year survival over historical controls. Results: Fifty-one women with uterine carcinoma clinically confined to the uterus underwent primary vaginal hysterectomy with ( n = 26) or without ( n = 25) salpingo-oophorectomy. Eighty-four percent were obese with a body mass index greater than 27. Additional risk factors for surgical complications included hypertension (57%), diabetes mellitus (27%), and cardiovascular disease (18%). One-third of patients had three or more risk factors. Surgical morbidity included one episode of acute hemorrhage necessitating transfusion and abdominal exploration. Blood transfusions were given to four additional patients. There were no perioperative deaths. Five women recurred and expired at a median of 13 months (range 3–53 months) after surgery. The 3- and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 91.4% and 88.0%, respectively. Conclusion: Vaginal hysterectomy for the initial treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer is associated with a high rate of cure and minimal morbidity. Thus, it may be considered a reasonable alternative to the abdominal approach in medically compromised women.
A preliminary study of the effects of ecologically relevant sounds on the behaviour of captive lowland gorillas

Abstract This exploratory study evaluated the effects of ecologically relevant sounds on captive lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), housed in the night quarters adjacent to their new exhibit at the San Diego Zoo. The behaviour of four western lowland gorillas was sampled using remote videotaping under each of four noise conditions associated with captive housing (quiet, ventilation on, bonobo vocalization playbacks and caretaker sounds) and each of two sound conditions (rain forest sounds ‘off’, rain forest sounds ‘on’). Significant differences in behaviour across noise conditions were found; these differences were ameliorated for infants, but only partially for adults by the rain forest sounds. The two adults responded to the rain forest sounds with increased agitation. The preliminary nature of these results is discussed.
Reduced order extended command governor

Abstract Extended command governors (ECGs) are add-on schemes that modify set-point commands as necessary to ensure that imposed state and control constraints are not violated by closed-loop systems designed for set-point tracking. In this paper, we propose a reduced order ECG for systems with dynamics decomposable into slow and fast state variables. We demonstrate that ECG implementation can be based on slow states only, thus reducing the computational complexity. This is achieved by introducing additional constraints, and by slightly tightening the original constraints. We demonstrate that the proposed ECG maintains the response properties of the conventional ECG, including the convergence to the nearest feasible command in finite time in the case of constant reference commands. The results are also shown to apply to conventional command governors. For the case when the reduced order state is not directly measured, a formulation of the result in the presence of a state observer is developed.
Diagnosis of behaviors of interest in partially-observed discrete-event systems

Abstract In this paper, we address the problem of diagnosing the behaviors of interest in discrete-event systems. To this end, we introduce the notion of language-diagnosability, based on language specifications that generalizes diagnosability based on event specifications. A polynomial-time algorithm for verifying language-diagnosability is developed. Building upon the verification algorithm, we develop a polynomial-time algorithm for computing the worst case detection delay of a given system. The computation of the worst case detection delay involves the shortest path computation of a weighted, directed graph. We exploit a special weighting structure of the graph resulting from the verification algorithm, which enables an algorithm with a lower complexity than the commonly used Bellman–Ford shortest path algorithm.
University Technology Transfer: An Introduction to the Special Issue

In recent decades, there has been a substantial increase in university patenting, licensing, and research joint ventures with private companies. Technology incubators, science parks, and NSF-sponsored engineering research centers and industry–university cooperative research centers have also become ubiquitous at research universities. This special issue addresses the managerial and policy implications of these trends.
Tuning in to toddlers: A communication challenge

A rational approach to increasing the quality of caregiving for toddlers requires that we look at the interrelationships among three major aspects of caregiving: the adult, the toddler, and the environment in which care is provided. This presentation† will focus particularly on understanding the special needs of toddlers and their caregivers so that they can communicate more peacefully and more positively with each other.
Investigating the nature of expertise: analogical thinking, expert systems, and ThinkBack

Abstract: Experts solve problems. One significant aspect of problem solving is the approach chosen to solve a problem. An often employed approach, but little studied and understood, is the use of analogical thinking. Experts often see current problems in the light of previous problems, and the application of an analogy (i.e. solving a new problem by using an analogous previous problem-solution) can lead to improved problem solving in some instances, and poorer problem solving in others. Recent research in cognitive psychology has led to greater understanding of the analogy process, and work in artificial intelligence has helped to automate what we know about analogies—yet still much is unknown about how analogies develop, how they can be automated, and the role of analogies in expertise. This article describes a continuing research effort to learn more about analogical problem solving, particularly from a viewpoint of automating an analogical ‘inference engine”. Building upon previous work in this field of study, results of our own empirical work concerning the nature of analogies—especially as used by experts—are portrayed in a series of conceptual level descriptions. We have studied experts in several domains, including systems analysis, computer programming, and in management. Next, our efforts to create automated analogy support systems is indicated. Finally, experiments being conducted to tie together expert systems and our analogy support system are discussed. The analogical inference engine being developed is aptly called ‘ThinkBack”.
Effects of tracheal extubation on coronary blood flow, myocardial metabolism and systemic haemodynamic responses

Global coronary blood flow and metabolism were measured in seven patients on the first postoperative day following coronary revascularization to test the hypothesis that tracheal extubation produces adverse haemodynamic responses akin to those observed during tracheal intubation. Regional coronary flow and metabolic measurements were made in five of the seven patients. Extubation from a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5 cm H2O was associated with a statistically significant rise in cardiac index from 3.44 ± 0.23 L · min-1 · m-2 to 3.73 ± 0.15L·min-1 ·m-2 related to an increase in stroke index, without significant changes in heart rate, mean arterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Consequently the changes in myocardial oxygen consumption (8.52 ± 0.55 to 8.85 ± 0.93 ml · min-1) and coronary blood flow (172 ± 18 to 179 ± 17 ml·min-1) were less prominent than those reported during intubation, where substantial rises in myocardial oxygen consumption and coronary flow occurred. Two patients experienced cardiac lactate production but there were no changes in systemic or coronary haemodynamics, nor were there clinical or electrocardiographic signs of ischaemia. We conclude that extubation does not appear to be associated with adverse systemic or coronary haemodynamic responses in patients following coronary bypass grafting. However, the revascularized myocardium may remain vulnerable to anaerobic metabolism in the immediate postoperative period.
Climate change games as tools for education and engagement

Whether simple or sophisticated, educational games can help inform the public about climate change, its impacts, and what can be done about it.
Exploiting heterogeneous parallelism on a multithreaded multiprocessor

This paper describes an integrated architecture, compiler, runtime, and operating system solution to exploiting heterogeneous parallelism. The architecture is a pipelined multi-threaded multiprocessor, enabling the execution of very fine (multiple operations within an instruction) to very coarse (multiple jobs) parallel activities. The compiler and runtime focus on managing parallelism within a job, while the operating system focuses on managing parallelism across jobs. By considering the entire system in the design, we were able to smoothly interface its four components. While each component is primarily responsible for managing its own level of parallel activity, feedback mechanisms between components enable resource allocation and usage to be dynamically updated. This dynamic adaptation to changing requirements and available resources fosters both high utilization of the machine and the efficient expression and execution of parallelism.
Urinary obstruction from lymphocele

A 65-year-old, nondiabetic female with polycystic kidney disease received a dual kidney transplant. She had immediate graft function; however, the posttransplant course was complicated by recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). She was admitted 2 months after transplant for elevated creatinine (Cr) of 2.0 mg/dl. Renal ultrasound (US) showed patent allograft vasculature and no hydronephrosis; however, a small perinephric fluid collection and a larger collection around the urinary bladder were seen. Post-void residual was 150 ml. Computed tomography (CT) scan of pelvis revealed a horseshoe-shaped collection around the urinary bladder extending across the midline, causing extrinsic compression (Figures 1 and 2). Urine culture grew pseudomonas aeuroginosa, 10,000–100,000 CFU/ml. Renal dysfunction was attributed to UTI, secondary to urinary obstruction from extrinsic bladder compression. Fluid collection (320 ml) was drained under CT guidance. The fluid had a white blood cell count of 938/mm3 with differential showing 100% lymphocytes. A diagnosis of lymphocele was made. Following drainage, serum Cr downtrended to 1.5 mg/dl within 48 h with resolution of symptoms. The patient was discharged home on oral antibiotics. At the 3 month post-procedure follow-up, the patient was doing well without any new symptoms.
Lyapunov Exponents, Periodic Orbits and Horseshoes for Mappings of Hilbert Spaces

We consider smooth (not necessarily invertible) maps of Hilbert spaces preserving ergodic Borel probability measures, and prove the existence of hyperbolic periodic orbits and horseshoes in the absence of zero Lyapunov exponents. These results extend Katok’s work on diffeomorphisms of compact manifolds to infinite dimensions, with potential applications to some classes of periodically forced PDEs.
Evidence for a covalent intermediate between α-glucosidase and glucose

Abstract A stable enzyme-glucose intermediate has been obtained in the short-term reaction between α-methyl- -glucosidase and α-methyl- -14C-glucopyranoside. A rapid-flow technique was employed in which phenol was used to terminate the reaction and to trap the product. It is believed that a covalent linkage is involved because (a) continued washing of the denatured protein failed to remove the radioactivity and (b) the radioactivity was retained by a tryptic peptide isolated by gel filtration. Treatment of the labeled protein with 2 N HCl at room temperature released over 80% of the radioactivity as a compound with the same chromatographic mobility as glucose. No radioactive product was formed when bovine serum albumin replaced the enzyme, nor when glucosylamine, a potent glucosidase inhibitor, was present with the enzyme.
Local versus remote grid points in climate downscaling

The association between daily as well as monthly winter precipitation and concurrent 700 hPa heights for 3 different North American precipitation regimes was examined using correlation fields and a typing of daily 700 hPa height patterns. Wet days, regardless of circulation type, were found to be associated with negative height anomalies immediately to the west or northwest of the precipitation regions, at the 'local' grid point. These small-scale height anomalies were found to rep- resent traveling short waves that were missed by the circulation typing scheme. The correlation fields between monthly precipitation and concurrent 700 hPa heights revealed a westward shift of the height minima to a location west of 100°W, to a 'remote' grid point. The nature of these remote min- ima was examined using the 10 wettest and 10 driest months. Decomposition of the height anomalies at the remote grid points into between-type and within-type contributions revealed that while some of the negative heights during wet months are due to an increase in the frequency of circulation pat- terns with below normal heights (such as troughs or weak ridges), more than two-thirds of the con- tribution comes from height depressions superimposed upon the larger-scale patterns and most of these are associated with positive vorticity. This leads to the conclusion that the correlation minima west of 100° W at the monthly time scale reflect the frequent generation of short waves during wet months over the well-known North American cyclogenetic region east of the Rocky Mountains. These results have 2 implications with respect to statistical downscaling. First, regarding techniques designed to extract information from a single grid point: the optimum grid point location may be a function of the time scale under consideration. Second, regarding techniques designed to extract information from large-scale circulation patterns: the difficulties in capturing the very important but small short waves limit their usefulness.
EFFECTS OF PERINATAL ESTROGEN ON MOUSE MAMMARY RESPONSE TO CORTICOIDS IN VITRO

Effects of three adrenal corticoids on in vitro mammary differentiation were compared in neonatally estrogenized (E) and uninjected control (N) BALB/c Crgl female mice. E mice were injected with 10 μg of 17β-estradiol on each of the first 5 days of life. At 4 weeks of age, all mice were pretreated with 1 μg 17β-estradiol and 1 mg progesterone for 9 consecutive days. Groups of 10 or more entire mammary glands then were organ-cultured for 5 days at 37°C on chemically defined medium in 95% O2/5% CO2 with various combinations of hormones: mammotropin (M), somatotropin (S), insulin (I), thyroxine (T); and corticosterone (B), aldosterone (A), or cortisol (F). Differentiation followed a quantitative pattern of MSIT<BMSIT<AMSIT<FMSIT for both E and N tissues. E tissues formed more alveoli and more lobules in vitro than N tissues with each of the corticoids tested. These findings may have pathologic significance.
Distribution of enkephalin-containing peptides within bovine chromaffin granules

The distribution of large enkephalin-containing peptides (ECP's) between soluble and membrane components of bovine chromaffin granules was examined by immunoblotting with synenkephalin antiserum which recognizes the NH2-terminus of proenkephalin. Immunoblots showed that the 23.3 and 18.2 kilodalton ECP's were present in both soluble and membrane granule compartments but the 12.6 kilodalton ECP was present only in the soluble fraction. These results suggest that the larger ECP's may be preferentially associated with the granule membrane and may be redistributed to the soluble granule compartment upon proteolytic processing.
Multimodal operator decision models

This paper develops the multimodal softmax (MMS) model, a probability distribution for multimodal discrete random variables with continuous conditioning random variables. MMS is motivated by the problem of learning multimodal probabilities for categorical human decisions in Bayes Net models of semi-autonomous systems. The MMS model is then derived vis-a-vis softmax and softmax mixture distribution models. MMS training is discussed in the context of maximum likelihood estimation. Finally, decision classification results using experimental data from Cornell's RoboFlag human-robotic interaction testbed are presented.
Comparison of citalopram and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor ingestions in children

AbstractContext. In adults, citalopram is more likely to cause seizures and ECG changes than other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Data in children are lacking, yet the 2007 American Association of Poison Control Centers out-of-hospital citalopram consensus guideline mirrors the guideline for other SSRIs. Objective. To compare the clinical effects and hazard index of citalopram with other SSRIs in pediatric ingestions. Methods. An 11-year retrospective analysis of national poison center data was conducted. Acute, known-type SSRI ingestions in children younger than 6 years with known outcome were included. Clinical effects and hazard index (number of major or fatal outcomes/1000 SSRI ingestions) were compared. Citalopram dose-response was evaluated. Results. The 35 296 included cases by SSRI type were citalopram (3747), escitalopram (4815), fluoxetine (5946), fluvoxamine (273), paroxetine (7157), and sertraline (13 358). The overall hazard index was 0.340. The hazard index for citalopram (...
Effects of relevant and irrelevant primes on idea generation: A computational model

Brainstorming is the process of generating ideas in a specific task or problem context.We have previously presented a connectionist framework to study the dynamics of idea generation in individuals. In this paper, we develop this model further, and apply it to studying qualitatively the effects of priming on the process of ideation. Motivated by experimental data from a previous study, we explore the differential effects of relevant and irrelevant primes on productivity of idea generation in specific problem/task contexts. Simulations using our model suggest that even irrelevant primes can provide a modest productivity boost in contexts that are familiar or are similar to familiar contexts, but no benefit when the context is unfamiliar. We propose possible explanations for these results and make predictions for future experiments.
Sore throat... don't forget Lemierre's syndrome.

A young man in his 20s presented to the emergency department reporting of a sore throat, fever, chills and cough beginning 3 days prior. On the basis of a negative rapid streptococcal antigen test, he was discharged with supportive care for a presumed viral upper respiratory infection. He returned 2 days later with fever, cough productive of yellow sputum, shortness of breath and right-sided pleuritic chest pain. He quickly developed respiratory distress requiring intubation. A CT of the chest (figure 1 and video 1 …
On the uniaxial extensional flow of polystyrene/polyethylene blends

The uniaxial extensional flow behavior of polystyrene/low density polyethylene blends (PS/LDPE) was studied using a Rheometrics Extensional Rheometer, Model RER-9000, at 150°C within the range of the extension rates = 0.0005 to 1.0 (s−1). The measurements were repeated several times at each deformation rate to ascertain reliability. The effect of the suspending silicone oil was found to be negligible.
Genetic Determinants of Reovirus Pathogenesis in a Murine Model of Respiratory Infection

Many viruses invade mucosal surfaces to establish infection in the host. Some viruses are restricted to mucosal surfaces, whereas others disseminate to sites of secondary replication. Studies of strain-specific differences in reovirus mucosal infection and systemic dissemination have enhanced an understanding of viral determinants and molecular mechanisms that regulate viral pathogenesis. After peroral inoculation, reovirus strain type 1 Lang replicates to high titers in the intestine and spreads systemically, whereas strain type 3 Dearing (T3D) does not. These differences segregate with the viral S1 gene segment, which encodes attachment protein σ1 and nonstructural protein σ1s. In this study, we define genetic determinants that regulate reovirus-induced pathology following intranasal inoculation and respiratory infection. We report that two laboratory isolates of T3D, T3DC and T3DF, differ in the capacity to replicate in the respiratory tract and spread systemically; the T3DC isolate replicates to higher titers in the lungs and disseminates, while T3DF does not. Two nucleotide polymorphisms in the S1 gene influence these differences, and both S1 gene products are involved. T3DC amino acid polymorphisms in the tail and head domains of σ1 protein influence the sensitivity of virions to protease-mediated loss of infectivity. The T3DC polymorphism at nucleotide 77, which leads to coding changes in both S1 gene products, promotes systemic dissemination from the respiratory tract. A σ1s-null virus produces lower titers in the lung after intranasal inoculation and disseminates less efficiently to sites of secondary replication. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms underlying reovirus replication in the respiratory tract and systemic spread from the lung.
Gringo/a as Sociolinguistic Fractal

The polysemic term “gringo” inevitably mediates the negotiation of cultural identity for anthropologists carrying out fieldwork in Latin America. Drawing on experiences from the authors’ interactions in pursuit of professional goals, this analysis shows how nation, religion, gender, race, and the histories of colonization, migration, and alliance emerge and recede in kaleidoscopic encounters between hemispheric stereotypes and cross-cultural travelers. The intertwined personal experience narratives of ‘gringo-hood’ we present reveal the fractal character of knowledge and experience. This article, therefore, shows how linguistic, cultural, and especially folkloric interactions mediate the various dimensions of our socially situated experiences and the different forms of talk we encountered.
A novel approach to minimize line-current harmonics in interfacing power electronics equipment with 3-phase utility systems

A novel approach is presented to achieve nearly sinusoidal line current rectification of three-phase utility voltages by DC link current modulation. Significant benefits of this approach are: only two transistor switches are required; a regulated DC voltage is provided at the output, thus simplifying the design of the rest of the power electronics equipment; the output DC voltage, which can be quite large, is automatically shared equally by two series-connected capacitors; and the usual disadvantages of passive filters are avoided. This approach can be applied to most of the power electronics equipment with three-phase utility input, as well as to interface generation using renewable energy resources such as wind and solar power. >
Compact forced simple-shear sample for studying shear localization in materials

Abstract A new specimen geometry, the compact forced-simple-shear specimen (CFSS), has been developed as a means to achieve simple shear testing of materials over a range of temperatures and strain rates. The stress and strain state in the gage section is designed to produce essentially “pure” simple shear, mode II in-plane shear, in a compact-sample geometry. The 2-D plane of shear can be directly aligned along specified directional aspects of a material's microstructure of interest; i.e., systematic shear loading parallel, at 45°, and orthogonal to anisotropic microstructural features in a material such as the pancake-shaped grains typical in many rolled structural metals, or to specified directions in fiber-reinforced composites. The shear-stress shear-strain response and the damage evolution parallel and orthogonal to the pancake grain morphology in 7039-Al are shown to vary significantly as a function of orientation to the microstructure.
Hunter Perceptions of Risk, Social Trust, and Management of Chronic Wasting Disease in Illinois

Management to reduce the spread of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in northern Illinois includes a controversial sharpshooting program. A mail survey of northern Illinois deer hunters was conducted (n = 3,391, response rate = 58%) to examine support or opposition toward this program, and factors contributing to these reactions. Logistic regression revealed that support for sharpshooting was statistically greater when: (a) respondents trusted the agency’s (Illinois Department of Natural Resources) management of CWD, and (b) perceived risks of CWD to both personal health and deer health increased. Support for sharpshooting was less when hunters trusted CWD information provided by the agency. This regression model predicted 72% of hunter opposition to the program and 74% of support. Log-linear analysis showed that trust and risk interacted in their effects on support or opposition toward sharpshooting. Findings supported past research examining social trust and risk perceptions in predicting other cognitions a...
Interamino Acid Inhibition of Transport in Higher Plants EVIDENCE FOR TWO TRANSPORT CHANNELS WITH ASCERTAINABLE AFFINITIES FOR AMINO ACIDS

Data from published experiments were analyzed to determine the number and specificities of amino acid transport channels in cells of higher plants. Each experiment measured the uptake of a labeled amino acid in the presence of unlabeled amino acids, used one at a time, in the incubating medium. The observed interamino acid inhibitions can be accounted for by two transport channels, each with characteristic affinities that were computed from the observed interamino acid inhibitions. The first channel is a general transport system with the following relative affinities for the amino acids: methionine 75, alanine 75, phenylalanine 64, tyrosine 64, leucine 63, cysteine 58, serine 57, glycine 56, tryptophan 54, glutamine 51, threonine 49, valine 44, isoleucine 44, glutamic acid 44, proline 43, histidine 33, lysine 32, asparagine 22, arginine 22, aspartic acid 18. The second channel is a basic amino acid tranport system with relative affinities for arginine, lysine, and histidine of 66, 39, and 21, respectively. The affinities for the other acids in the second channel are lower. Despite considerable diversity in the species, tissues, and solute concentrations employed in the experiments, multiple regression equations (Y = α + β1X1 + βX2, in which Y is the observed transport inhibition and X1 and X2 are the relative transport affinities of the two channels) account for 50 to 99% of the variance in all but six experiments, five of which employed unusually high solute concentrations.
Instataneous geo-location of multiple targets from monocular airborne video

We propose a robust and accurate method for multi-target geo-localization from airborne video. The difference between our approach and other approaches in the literature is fourfold: 1) it does not require gimbal control of the camera or any particular path planning control for the UAV; 2) it can instantaneously geo-locate multiple targets even if they were not previously observed by the camera; 3) it does not require a geo-referenced terrain database nor an altimeter for estimating the UAV's and the target's altitudes; and 4) it requires only one camera, but it employs a multi-stereo technique using the image sequence for increased accuracy in target geo-location. The only requirements for our approach are: that the intrinsic parameters of the camera be known; that the on board camera be equipped with global positioning system (GPS) and iner-tial measurement unit (IMU); and that enough feature points can be extracted from the surroundings of the target. Since the first two constraints are easily satisfied, the only real requirement is regarding the feature points. However, as we explain later, this last constraint can also be alleviated if the ground is approximately planar. The result is a method that can reach a few meters of accuracy for an UAV flying at a few hundred meters above the ground. Such performance is demonstrated by computer simulation, in-scale data using a model city, and real airborne video with ground truth.
Introduction to the novel techniques in microscopy feature issue.

The editors introduce the feature issue on “Novel Techniques in Microscopy”, which was the topic of a symposium held on April 14–18, 2013, in Waikoloa Beach, HI. This symposium was part of the Optics in the Life Sciences Congress.
Stereo vision for view synthesis

We propose a new method for view synthesis from real images using stereo vision. The method does not explicitly model scene geometry, and enables fast and exact generation of synthetic views. We also reevaluate the requirements on stereo algorithms for the application of view synthesis and discuss ways of dealing with partially occluded regions of unknown depth and with completely occluded regions of unknown texture. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible to efficiently synthesize realistic new views even from inaccurate and incomplete depth information.
Women and Social Change in Bahrain

The number of studies on the status of women and their changing condition in recent times has increased internationally in the past decade, and this is bound to make the development of a comprehensive theoretical methodological framework for the study of women in particular regions or socioeconomic structures easier. In the Arab world, especially the oil-dependent Arabian Gulf states, a concern with the mechanisms of the socioeconomic and political structure of society and the dynamics of its rapid changes has also grown tremendously. A large number of scholars have provided field and theoretical studies on social change and development and its manifestations in the fields of women's studies, labor, education, and industrialization, among others. From this relatively large body of literature, most of it in Arabic, some consensus seems to have emerged. Since research is being done in all regions of the Arab world, from the Maghrib to the Gulf, both the heterogeneity of Arab society and some common denominators have emerged from it.
Coupled opto-electronic oscillators

We present experimental results of coupled optoelectronic oscillators (COEO) constructed with a semiconductor optical amplifier based ring laser and a semiconductor colliding pulse mode-locked laser. Each COEO can simultaneously generate short optical pulses and spectrally pure RF signals. With these devices, we obtained optical pulses as short as 6.2 picoseconds and RF signals as high, in frequency, as 18 GHz with a spectral purity comparable with a HP8561B synthesizer. These experiments demonstrate that COEOs are promising compact sources for generating low jitter optical pulses and low phase noise RF/millimeter wave signals.
Vocal development is correlated with an indicator of hatching date in Brown-headed Cowbirds

Abstract The timing and ecological circumstances under which individual songbirds acquire memorized copies of their species-typical songs can vary significantly within a population. Males that hatch later in the breeding season are likely to hear less conspecific song as juveniles than earlier-hatched individuals. In addition, late-hatched males will experience shorter days and decreasing photoperiods during their song acquisition phase, factors known to affect vocal development. We tested the prediction that yearling Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) that hatched earlier the previous season are more advanced in their development of repertoires of local songs than those hatched later. We recorded perched songs from 17 yearling and 20 adult males trapped at two adjacent sites in New York state and found that yearling perched song repertoires were smaller and contained few of the perched song types common to the repertoires of local adults (adult-shared types). As found in previous field studies of cow...
Energy and Protein Digestibility of Sorghum Grains with Different Endosperm Textures and Starch Types by Growing swine

Four sorghum grains with three endosperm textures and two starch types were evaluated to determine their energy and protein digestibilities in the growing pig. The four grains were grown in the same field at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center, Lubbock, and were classified as follows: floury endospermnormal starch (F-N), intermediate endospermnormal starch (I-N), corneous endospermnormal starch (C-N) and intermediate endosperm-waxy starch (I-W). The I-N diet was higher in dry matter (P <.10) and organic matter digestibility (P < .05) than the F-N and C-N diets. The I-N diet also contained the highest content of gross, digestible and metabolizable energy. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, organic matter and gross energy and the concentration of digestible and metabolizable energy were essentially the same for the normal and waxy starch diets. Protein digestibility and nitrogen retention did not differ significantly among the three endosperm textures and the two starch types. Grain containing endosperm with an intermediate texture appears to have a nutritional advantage over those with floury and corneous textures
Experience with End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment of Young Children

The optimal treatment of young children with irreversible renal insufficiency remains controversial, and there is a paucity of data about end-stage renal disease (ESRD) therapy in this age group. Once ESRD develops, the technical capability exists to initiate either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Although there are minimal data validating the efficacy of long-term intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in young children, it would seem advantageous to consider IPD preferentially in young children. This preference should be considered because of the minimal amount of technical expertise required to implement IPD and the paucity of technical problems, especially problems related to access devices. It must be emphasized that limited data are available about the course of dialysis in young children.
Dalitz plot distributions in presence of triangle singularities

Abstract We discuss properties of three-particle Dalitz distributions in coupled channel systems in presence of triangle singularities. The single channel case was discussed long ago [1] where it was found that as a consequence of unitarity, effects of a triangle singularity seen in the Dalitz plot are not seen in Dalitz plot projections. In the coupled channel case we find the same is true for the sum of intensities of all interacting channels. Unlike the single channel case, however, triangle singularities do remain visible in Dalitz plot projections of individual channels.
Limitations of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering in Sensing DNA Hybridization Demonstrated by Label-Free DNA Oligos as Molecular Rulers of Distance-Dependent Enhancement

This article presents a critical evaluation of silver nanorod arrays as substrates for assaying nucleic acid hybridization by surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS spectra acquired on complementary oligos, alone or in combination, contain the known spectral signatures of the nucleotides that comprise the oligo; however, no signature bands characteristic of the hybrid were observed. Spectra acquired on an oligo with a 5′- or 3′-thiol were distinctly different from that acquired on the identical oligo without a thiol pendant group suggesting a degree of control over the orientation of the oligo on the nanorod surface. A set of oligos consisting of adenine tracts in a polycytosine chain served as molecular rulers to probe the distance dependence of the SERS enhancement. Using these, we have identified the point at which the characteristic bands for the nucleotides that comprise the oligo disappear from the spectrum. These findings suggest that the applicability of SERS for label-free detection of nu...
Defective mitochondrial DNA replication and NRTIs: pathophysiological implications in AIDS cardiomyopathy

despite the availability of newer and more effective antiretroviral therapy ([20][1]) and some promise from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine studies ([39][2]), the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic causes increasing global mortality. At present, nucleoside reverse
Nuclear size changes during autolysis in normal mouse liver, kidney, and adrenal gland.

SummarySmall pieces of mouse kidney, liver, and whole adrenal glands were allowed to autolyze in incubator for varying times before fixation. Nuclear sizes were measured and compared with control tissues that had been mounted and stained together on the same slide. Nuclear volumes increased about 70% over controls during the first 30 to 60 minutes of autolysis in kidney and adrenal cortex. This was followed by a decrease in volumes eventually leveling off to about half that of the control in the kidney and the same as the control in adrenal cortex. A comparison of frequency distribution of nuclear volumes in liver revealed no differences between autolyzed samples and the control samples.
Three-dimensional grids as solutions of elliptic systems

An elliptic grid generation scheme is described which produces a curvilinear, boundary-fitted grid for highly swept wings with sharp leading edges. The three-dimensional integration domain is segmented in successive crossflow sections wherein the physical coordinates are transformed to computational coordinates by solving an elliptic set of two quasi-linear differential equations. Grid points are clustered in the vicinity of the wing surface, especially in the neighborhood of the leading edges. The formulation of the source terms in the equations governing the transformation contains adjustable parameters which are determined from limiting forms of the elliptic equations along the boundaries. The source terms are assigned to each grid point by interpolation of these parameters into the interior domain. The formulation does not depend on the boundary shape or on the distribution of the grid points along the boundaries. For the first time, the discretized governing equations have been solved using a fast AF1 iteration scheme.
EQUILIBRIUM BEACH PROFILES WITH RANDOM SEAS

Three quantitative equilibrium beach profiles models are presented for random wave fields. Two models follow the work of Larson where improvements to the spilling breaker assumption are made with spectral estimations of wave breaking. The third model is established by imposing a no-net sediment transport condition on Bailard's (1982) cross-shore sediment transport formulation. Modelling the flow field as in Roelvink and Stive (1989), an equilibrium solution is achieved which includes a longshore bar.