cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Buck the establishment: reinventing sister chromatid cohesion.

The time between chromosome replication and segregation can be from hours to decades. Cohesion is thus crucial for identifying replication products as sister chromatids from S-phase until mitosis. Early models posited active sister chromatid tethering reactions in which cohesins deposited onto each sister chromatid are converted to a paired state by replication-fork-associated establishment factors. Subsequent, but now largely marginalized, models suggested instead that establishment occurs passively – requiring only cohesin preloading and passage of the replication fork through huge cohesin rings. More recent models return to active establishment reactions but remain predicated on preloaded ring structures. Here, new models are presented in which replication-coupled cohesin deposition is followed by conversion to a pairing-competent C-clamp structure that does not require DNA entrapment.
Runx1 loss minimally impacts long-term hematopoietic stem cells

RUNX1 encodes a DNA binding subunit of the core-binding transcription factors and is frequently mutated in acute leukemia, therapy-related leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Mutations in RUNX1 are thought to confer upon hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) a pre-leukemic state, but the fundamental properties of Runx1 deficient pre-leukemic HSCs are not well defined. Here we show that Runx1 deficiency decreases both apoptosis and proliferation, but only minimally impacts the frequency of long term repopulating HSCs (LT-HSCs). It has been variously reported that Runx1 loss increases LT-HSC numbers, decreases LT-HSC numbers, or causes age-related HSC exhaustion. We attempt to resolve these discrepancies by showing that Runx1 deficiency alters the expression of several key HSC markers, and that the number of functional LT-HSCs varies depending on the criteria used to score them. Finally, we identify genes and pathways, including the cell cycle and p53 pathways that are dysregulated in Runx1 deficient HSCs.
Introduction to special issue on dynamics of discrete event systems

An overview of discrete-event dynamic system (DEDSs) is given, explaining what they are and discussing their modeling. The types of models are outlined, and factors to be taken into account in modeling are examined. They are: the discontinuous nature of discrete events; the continuous nature of most performance measures; the importance of probabilistic formulation; the need for hierarchical analysis; the presence of dynamics; and the feasibility of the computational burden. It is stressed that DEDS research must include experiment as well as theory. >
Distribution of practice in the classical conditioning of planarians

Eighty Ss were divided into four groups receiving training conditions of either light, shock, light paired with shock, or neither light nor shock. Half of each group were given trials 30 sec. apart and the remainder were given trials 60 sec. apart. Conditioning occurred only among Ss given paired light and shock with spaced training producing significantly greater conditioning. Half of all Ss were then given either massed or spaced extinction trials. Massing and spacing of acquisition trials were found to be of more significant influence upon rate of extinction than were the massing and Spacing of extinction trials.
The Influence of Look-Ahead on the Error Rate of Transcription.

In this paper we study the error rate of RNA synthesis in the look-ahead model for the random walk of RNA polymerase along DNA during transcription. The model’s central assumption is the existence of a window of activity in which ribonucleoside triphosphates (rNTPs) bind reversibly to the template DNA strand before being hydrolyzed and linked covalently to the nascent RNA chain. An unknown, but important, integer parameter of this model is the window size w . Here, we use mathematical analysis and computer simulation to study the rate at which transcriptional errors occur as a function of w . We find dramatic reduction in the error rate of transcription as w increases, especially for small values of w . The error reduction method provided by look-ahead occurs before hydrolysis and covalent linkage of rNTP to the nascent RNA chain, and is therefore distinct from error correction mechanisms that have previously been considered.
Debates in the House of Lords, 1628

In searching through the Bodleian last April for debates in the House of Commons during the period of the sixteentwenties, I came across a volume of debates in the House of Lords. My attention was attracted by the subject-matter, for the volume was taken up almost entirely with the Lords' discussion of the Petition of Right during the month of May, 1628. The more I read, the more I was impressed with the amount of information on that important subject added by these notes. From the handwriting, the notes were easily identified as those of Henry Elsing, Clerk of the Parliaments. Then I remembered that earlier in the winter, in going over manuscript material in the Petyt Collection, I had there noted two volumes of debates in the House of Lords. Upon a comparison of handwriting, I found that those volumes were also the work of Henry Elsing. One of the volumes was for 1621, but the other covered the session of 1628 from the beginning to the point where the Bodleian volume begins. Here was more material on the Petition of Right. But for the time being my interest swerved from that particular subject to a more general consideration of the value of my discoveries, and to the possibility it opened up of carrying on a work of editing begun by Samuel Rawson Gardiner.
Shannon entropy: A specular echo-insensitive imaging metric showing myocardial anisotropy

This work demonstrates the utility of Shannon entropy imaging of myocardial anisotropy in mice. Conventional acoustic microscopy measurements of excised short-axis myocardial slices may be used to delineate this anisotropy ex vivo. This approach often requires processing of specular echoes, which can cause artifacts in images that obscure detailed structures near interfacial boundaries. Two different ultrasonic signal receivers were evaluated using the same raw data as input: log energy(log[E f ]) and Shannon entropy imaging( H S ), entropic imaging is least influenced by specular echoes and is able to resolve anisotropy near interfacial boundaries.
The variation of Verwey transition temperature with oxygen stoichiometry in magnetite

Abstract Homogenous single crystals of magnetite Fe 3(1−δ) O 4 with controlled metal-to-oxygen stoichiometry were prepared. The Verwey transition temperature T v was determined from temperature changes of magnetization measured along the principal crystal axes. It was confirmed that T v diminishes with rising δ showing a discontinuity within the range 0.0036
Work in progress - the evolving role of an advisory board for continual improvement

Ongoing accreditation by TAC/ABET requires that an active advisory board provides input from industry to improve the program. Over the past few years, the processes used to interact with board members have evolved to increase their participation. The meetings have been restructured, and processes are under development for obtaining feedback outside of meetings. Employers of recent graduates are another valuable source of feedback. Employers, especially first-line supervisors, are in a position to provide direct assessment of program outcomes. A survey is being developed to obtain anonymous feedback using an online questionnaire. An initial trial had been conducted by members of the advisory board. After completing the survey, members are providing feedback on the questions and results, and they are recommending improvements. After revisions, a link to the survey will be emailed to employers of recent graduates. Employers will be asked to complete the survey anonymously online. The goal is to obtain candid feedback that may be used to identify improvements.
Issues in real-time image processing

Describes the state-of-the-art, implementations strategies and open problems in real-time image processing. >
Negotiating entitlement to language: Calling 911 without English

When individuals in the United States dial the emergency service telephone number, they immediately encounter some version of the English-language institutional opening “Nine-one-one, what is your emergency?”. What happens, though, when the one placing the call is not a speaker of English? How do callers and call-takers adapt to overcome this added communicative barrier so that they are able to effectively assess the emergency situation at hand? The present study describes the structure of a language negotiation sequence, which serves to evaluate callers' entitlement to receive service in a language other than the institutional default—in our case, requests for Spanish in lieu of English. We illustrate both how callers initially design requests for language, as well as how call-takers subsequently respond to those differing request formulations. Interactions are examined qualitatively and quantitatively to underscore the context-based contingencies surrounding call-takers' preference for English over the use of translation services. The results prove informative not only in terms of how bilingual talk is organized within social institutions, but also more generally with regard to how humans make active use of a variety of resources in their attempts to engage in interaction with one another. (Entitlement, discourse/social interaction, conversation analysis, requests, language contact, institutional talk, Spanish (in the US))*
South Africa: A Story in Black and White

(1985). South Africa: A Story in Black and White. The Black Scholar: Vol. 16, U.S. Anti-Apartheid Upsurge, pp. 18-23.
Translational Physiology: Porcine models of human coronary artery disease: implications for preclinical trials of therapeutic angiogenesis

“Therapeutic angiogenesis” describes an emerging field of cardiovascular medicine whereby new blood vessels are induced to grow to supply oxygen and nutrients to ischemic cardiac or skeletal muscle...
Network anomaly confirmation, diagnosis and remediation

Identifying and diagnosing network traffic anomalies, and rectifying their effects are standard, daily activities of network operators. While there is a large and growing literature on techniques for detecting network anomalies, there has been little or no treatment of what to do after a candidate anomaly has been identified. In this paper, we present a first step toward formalizing and automating the time-consuming and challenging tasks associated with network anomaly confirmation, diagnosis and remedy. Our work assumes that potential anomalies are identified either through visual analysis of key traffic measurements or from a Network Anomaly Detection System (NADS). We describe a flexible framework for network anomaly confirmation, diagnosis and remedy that is based on workflow concepts. The key features of this framework include data types/sources, analyses and decision points. We present an instantiation of our framework that includes a taxonomy of network traffic anomalies and detailed steps for confirmation of anomalies associated with malicious attacks. We demonstrate our framework by applying it to traffic in our university network. We propose that our framework is a starting point for streamlining operational tasks associated with traffic anomalies, and for the generation of annotated data sets that can be used in future NADS development.
Entitlement, exploitativeness, and reasoning about everyday transgressions: A social domain analysis

Abstract Social domain theory was used to examine the role of entitlement and exploitativeness in reasoning about everyday transgressions in two studies. Exploitativeness was positively associated with believing that transgressing was acceptable, whereas entitlement was negatively associated. Exploitive participants justified these judgments using personal (e.g., appeal to choice) and less moral (e.g., appeal to welfare of others) reasoning, whereas highly entitled people used more prudential but less personal reasoning. Exploitive participants were less likely to acknowledge the relevance of non-personal concerns (i.e., morality, conventions, and prudence) when considering transgressions. The association between exploitativeness and acceptability of transgressing was mediated by the degree to which issues were believed to involve a concern for others. Implications for narcissistic behavior and decision-making are discussed.
Parametric representation of Stiles–Crawford functions: normal variation of peak location and directionality

Evidence suggests that the psychophysically determined Stiles-Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE) reflects waveguide properties of human photoreceptors. The peak of the SCE data set is assumed to reflect the principal alignment tendencies, and the spread (e.g., rho value, the curvature or width at half-height) is assumed to reflect the directionality (i.e., interreceptor differences in alignment) of the population of photoreceptors being tested. As such, disruption of the normal SCE can be used and/or has been used (1) to document early natural history of retinal pathology involving the photoreceptors, (2) to provide a firm rationale for therapeutic intervention, and (3) to provide a method for monitoring therapies designed to alter the natural course of retinal-disease processes. We report large-sample norms for foveal SCE peak location and spread (horizontal peak location, nasal 0.51 +/- 0.72, horizontal rho value 0.047 +/- 0.013, vertical peak location, superior 0.20 +/- 0.64, vertical rho value 0.053 +/- 0.012), compare these norms with values determined in other laboratories, and discuss the various mathematical forms used for the empirical description of SCE data sets.
Distinct behavior of β‐endorphin and corticotropin toward leucine aminopeptidase action

Reactions of human beta-endorphin, corticotropin and their synthetic analogs with leucine aminopeptidase have been investigated. The results confirmed previous findings that beta-endorphin is resistant to the aminopeptidase action whereas corticotropin is not. Beta-endorphin-(1-5) is completely digested by the enzyme while beta-endorphin-(1-17) is resistant. In contrast, the NH2-terminal 7 residues in corticotropin are removed readily by leucine aminopeptidase. This is confirmed by the observation that human corticotropin-(7-38) is not hydrolyzed by the enzyme. This contrasting behavior of the two hormones toward leucine aminopeptidase may be related to differences in their conformational structures.
Lower bounds on minimax rates for nonparametric regression with additive sparsity and smoothness

We study minimax rates for estimating high-dimensional nonparametric regression models with sparse additive structure and smoothness constraints. More precisely, our goal is to estimate a function f* : ℝp → ℝ that has an additive decomposition of the form f*(X1,..., Xp) = ∑j∈s h*j(Xj), where each component function h*j lies in some class H of "smooth" functions, and S ⊂ {1,...,p} is an unknown subset with cardinality s = |S|. Given n i.i.d. observations of f*(X) corrupted with additive white Gaussian noise where the covariate vectors (X1, X2, X3, Xp) are drawn with i.i.d. components from some distribution P, we determine lower bounds on the minimax rate for estimating the regression function with respect to squared-L2 (ℙ) error. Our main result is a lower bound on the minimax rate that scales as max (s log(p/s)/n, s ∊2n(H)). The first term reflects the sample size required for performing subset selection, and is independent of the function class H. The second term s ∊2n(H) is an s-dimensional estimation term corresponding to the sample size required for estimating a sum of s univariate functions, each chosen from the function class H. It depends linearly on the sparsity index s but is independent of the global dimension p. As a special case, if H corresponds to functions that are m-times differentiable (an mth-order Sobolev space), then the s-dimensional estimation term takes the form ∊2n(H) ≍ s n-2m/(2m+1). Either of the two terms may be dominant in different regimes, depending on the relation between the sparsity and smoothness of the additive decomposition.
The case for studying multiple contexts simultaneously

Individuals live in multiple social contexts simultaneously, whether they be family, peer, neighborhood, school or work contexts. In individual lives, it is likely that the forces within any one context that promote healthy human development are correlated with whatever causal forces operate to the same end in other contexts. This paper explores why it is important to consider social contexts, not singly as in traditional neighborhood or school or work-site research, but in combination.
A novel approach to study patterned thin film local stress for microelectronics application

A novel testing methodology to study the full-field stress distribution in patterned microstructures has been developed for microelectronics applications. The testing structure consists of a Si diaphragm, whose deformation caused by the stress due to an overlying patterned thin film is captured by a Twyman-Green interferometer. The finite element model used to analyze this structure assumes a uniform in-plane biaxial initial stress in the patterned thin film before stress relaxation occurs, and gives the Si diaphragm deflection profile which matches the measured values. Hence the full-field stress in the patterned thin film and Si diaphragm can be given. The stress distribution in an electroless Ni pad on a Si diaphragm is used as an example.
Rethinking Corruption in an Age of Ambiguity

The central premise of the article is that the assumptions and approaches of the “anticorruption industry” that debuted in the 1990s framed the issue of corruption and substantially shaped scholarly inquiry on the subject. These assumptions and approaches also limited the ability to see other forms and patterns of corruption on the horizon. This article (a) critically reviews prevailing assumptions and approaches to the study of corruption during and especially after the Cold War, (b) examines the impact of economic frameworks and the anticorruption industry on post–Cold War scholarship, (c) explores contemporary forms of potential corruption, (d) argues that prevailing approaches to corruption may make it more difficult to see contemporary forms of the age-old phenomenon and are ill-equipped to study them, (e) considers how corruption might be reconceptualized to encompass the new forms, and (f) argues for a reintegration of ethics and accountability.
BEsTRF: a tool for optimal resolution of terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis based on user-defined primer-enzyme-sequence databases.

Summary: BEsTRF (Best Estimated T-RF) provides a standalone environment for analyzing primers-enzymes-gene section combinations used in terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) for its optimal resolution. User-defined sequence databases of several hundred thousand DNA sequences can be explored and the resolution of user-specified sets of primers and restriction endonucleases can be analyzed on either forward or reverse terminal fragments. Sequence quality, primer mismatches, insertions and deletions can be controlled and each primer pair-specific sequence collections can be exported for downstream analyses. The configuration for a novel T-RFLP population profiling using rpoB gene (DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit) on forward fluorescently labeled primer are presented. Availability: BEsTRF is freely available at http://lie.fe.uni-lj.si/bestrf and can be downloaded from the same site. The online protocol, numerous primer and enzyme dictionaries, sequence collections and results generated during this work for various genes are available at our website http://lie.fe.uni-lj.si/bestrf. Contact: blaz.stres@bfro.uni-lj.si.
Complexity and the Character of Stock Returns: Empirical Evidence and a Model of Asset Prices Based on Complex Investor Learning

Empirical evidence on the distributional characteristics of common stock returns indicates: (1) A power-law tail index close to three describes the behavior of the positive tail of the survivor function of returns (pr(r > x) ∼ x -α), a reflection of fat tails; (2) general linear and nonlinear dependencies exist in the time series of returns; (3) the time-series return process is characterized by short-run dependence (short memory) in both returns as well as their volatility, the latter usually characterized in the form of autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity; and (4) the time-series return process probably does not exhibit long memory, but the squared returns process does exhibit long memory. We propose a model of complex, self-referential learning and reasoning amongst economic agents that jointly produces security returns consistent with these general observed facts and which are supported here by empirical results presented for a benchmark sample of 50 stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The market we postulate is populated by traders who reason inductively while compressing information into a few fuzzy notions that they can in turn process and analyze with fuzzy logic. We analyze the implications of such behavior for the returns on risky securities within the context of an artificial stock market model. Dynamic simulation experiments of the market are conducted, from which market-clearing prices emerge, allowing us to then compute realized returns. We test the effects of varying values of the parameters of the model on the character of the simulated returns. The results indicate that the model proposed in this paper can jointly account for the presence of a power-law characterization of the positive tail of the survivor function of returns with exponent on the order of three, for autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity, for long memory in volatility, and for general nonlinear dependencies in returns.
That Still, Small Voice: Commitment to Cooperate as an Internalized Versus a Social Norm

Recent research suggests that group discussion of a social dilemma may increase cooperative behavior because group members honor the commitments they make during the group discussion. This article asks whether people honor such commitments because of the social consequences of violating them or because of the internal personal consequences of doing so. Experiment 1 replicated and extended previous research showing that the anonymity of one's cooperative/noncooperative choice does not moderate the effect of group discussion. Experiment 2 examined the possibility that commitments to cooperate were kept due to mindless adherence to a prior decision, rather than to an internalized norm. Contrary to the former possibility, enhancing mindfulness did not moderate the effect of group discussion. The scope and implications of personal norms of commitment are discussed.
Brief communication: foramen magnum-carotid foramina relationship: is it useful for species designation?

The anterior placement of the foramen magnum is often used to indicate bipedalism and therefore to distinguish hominid from nonhominid fossils. Often, only fragmentary cranial remains are found, and the placement of the foramen magnum must be determined by its relationship to another landmark. The purpose of this study was to test if hominid crania could be distinguished from nonhominid crania based on the relationship between the foramen magnum and the carotid foramina, and therefore to determine if the carotid foramina can be used to determine the anteriorness of the foramen magnum. The samples consisted of 16 modern human crania and 19 modern chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) crania. Linear measurements were taken of (1) the distance from the anterior border of the foramen magnum to a chord connecting the carotid foramina and (2) total cranial length. An index of the distance of the foramen magnum from the bicarotid chord as a proportion of total cranial length was calculated to control for differences due to body size. Results indicate that on average, human crania can be distinguished from chimpanzee crania by using either (1) the distance of the foramen magnum from the bicarotid chord as a linear measurement or (2) this linear measurement as a proportion of total cranial length. Both measures are significantly smaller in the human sample; however, there was considerable overlap between species, indicating that the distance of the foramen magnum from the bicarotid chord is not a certain indicator for individual specimens. Am J Phys Anthropol 110:467–471, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optical antenna arrays on a fiber facet for in situ surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection

This paper reports a bidirectional fiber optic probe for the detection of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). One facet of the probe features an array of gold optical antennas designed to enhance Raman signals, while the other facet of the fiber is used for the input and collection of light. Simultaneous detection of benzenethiol and 2-[(E)-2-pyridin-4-ylethenyl]pyridine is demonstrated through a 35 cm long fiber. The array of nanoscale optical antennas was first defined by electron-beam lithography on a silicon wafer. The array was subsequently stripped from the wafer and then transferred to the facet of a fiber. Lithographic definition of the antennas provides a method for producing two-dimensional arrays with well-defined geometry, which allows (i) the optical response of the probe to be tuned and (ii) the density of “hot spots” generating the enhanced Raman signal to be controlled. It is difficult to determine the Raman signal enhancement factor (EF) of most fiber optic Raman sensors featuring h...
Modeling forest landscape change in the Missouri Ozarks under alternative management practices

Abstract We used a spatially explicit landscape model, landis , to simulate the effects of five management alternatives on a 3216 ha forest landscape in southeast Missouri, USA. We compared management alternatives among two intensities of even-aged management with clearcutting, uneven-aged management with group selection harvest, a mixture of even- and uneven-aged management, and no harvesting. Anticipated disturbances by windthrow and wildfire were included in the 100-year simulations across the landscape. The uneven-aged, even-aged long rotation, and mixed harvest regimes were similar to one another in total area in each forest size class, timber volume produced and volume of wood on the forest floor. However, they varied greatly in quantity of edge habitat and in the extent of the mature forest habitat free from edge effects. The intensive even-aged harvest regime and the no-harvest regime produced the greatest volume of timber and the greatest volume of down wood, respectively. This model provides a quantitative flamework to simultaneously explore multiple factors that affect landscape-scale management decisions.
Participative, Transformational, and Transactional Leadership in the United Kingdom, Nigeria and France

This paper describes participative, transformational and transactional leadership theories and how each theory might or might not work in the United Kingdom, Nigeria, and France. Application of the three leadership theories emphasizes performance orientation as an important requirement across the three national cultures. A number of issues are readily identifiable with the application of each theory across the three national cultures. With participative leadership, issues of time intensity, information sensitivity, and size of the labor force are unavoidable. Issues with transformational leadership include measurement difficulties and anti-democracy; while issues with transactional leadership include the need to maintain status quo and the use of rewards and punishment to achieve results. Cultures may influence leadership styles, it is however not a determinant of leadership behavior. This is in consonance with the findings of the GLOBE study which found that leadership behavior is not a function of national culture values.
Lego plays chess: a low-cost, low-complexity approach to intelligent robotics

The design and implementation of a robotic chess agent is described. Shallow Blue, a competitor in the AAAI 2011 Small Scale Manipulation Challenge, is constructed with low-cost components including Lego NXT bricks and is programmed using Java and Lejos.
Retrospective respiratory self-gating and removal of bulk motion in pulmonary UTE MRI of neonates and adults.

Purpose To implement pulmonary three-dimensional (3D) radial ultrashort echo-time (UTE) MRI in non-sedated, free-breathing neonates and adults with retrospective motion tracking of respiratory and intermittent bulk motion, to obtain diagnostic-quality, respiratory-gated images. Methods Pulmonary 3D radial UTE MRI was performed at 1.5 tesla (T) during free breathing in neonates and adult volunteers for validation. Motion-tracking waveforms were obtained from the time course of each free induction decay's initial point (i.e., k-space center), allowing for respiratory-gated image reconstructions that excluded data acquired during bulk motion. Tidal volumes were calculated from end-expiration and end-inspiration images. Respiratory rates were calculated from the Fourier transform of the motion-tracking waveform during quiet breathing, with comparison to physiologic prediction in neonates and validation with spirometry in adults. Results High-quality respiratory-gated anatomic images were obtained at inspiration and expiration, with less respiratory blurring at the expense of signal-to-noise for narrower gating windows. Inspiration-expiration volume differences agreed with physiologic predictions (neonates; Bland-Altman bias = 6.2 mL) and spirometric values (adults; bias = 0.11 L). MRI-measured respiratory rates compared well with the observed rates (biases = -0.5 and 0.2 breaths/min for neonates and adults, respectively). Conclusions Three-dimensional radial pulmonary UTE MRI allows for retrospective respiratory self-gating and removal of intermittent bulk motion in free-breathing, non-sedated neonates and adults. Magn Reson Med 77:1284-1295, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Swarm reasoning

This paper presents a new technique, the hypothesis swarm problem-solving technique (HSPT), that allows swarms to operate on more complex problems in a general way that produces solutions faster than traditional swarms by emerging compatible sub-solutions cooperatively. Instead of agents simply reacting to their own stimuli, they produce hypotheses about their environment to resolve discovered conflicts. As they gather supporting or refuting evidence for their hypothesis, we force a higher level of social interaction - requiring them to compare their evidence with other agents. They reward compatible hypotheses and devalue conflicting ones, encouraging acceptance of mutually supporting hypotheses. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on graph-coloring and round-robin scheduling problems and also compare its efficiency with other swarm techniques including brute force, reactive swarms and ant colony optimization algorithms.
CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR CONTROL OF AN INTERSTRAIN INTERACTION IN USTILAGO MAYDIS

SUMMARY Colonies derived from normal white sporidia of Ustilago maydis become brown when in contact with sporidia capable of forming a browning agent. The ability of cells to turn brown in the presence of the browning agent is controlled by a single nuclear gene. The factor responsible for the production of the browning agent is not inherited as a nuclear gene and may be a cytoplasmic factor.
GENERIC STATUS OF EULER'S FLYCATCHER: A MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY

ABSTR^CT.--A concordance in the distribution of uniquely derived character states of the syrinx and of six protein coding loci confirms that euleri should be removed from the genus Empidonax and that its nearest relatives are Cnemotriccus and Aphanotriccus. A hypothesis that euleri is the sister taxon of Aphanotriccus is based on the sharing of a uniquely derived syringeal structure and two synapomorphic allozymes, and on the comparatively low genetic distance between them. A new genus, LatIrotriccus, is proposed for euleri, which differs from Aphanotriccus in its cranial morphology. The reassignment of euleri increases the desir- ability of obtaining anatomical specimens and tissue of griseipectus, the only remaining South American endemic in Empidonax, and of tissue of Xenotriccus, a near relative of euleri on the basis of syringeal morphology. Received 22 July 1985, accepted 5 November 1985. IN 1868 Jean Louis Cabanis (1868) described a new species of South American flycatcher that he named for Carl Euler, a Swiss ornithologist with extensive field experience in South Amer- ica. The widespread euleri (occupying much of South America east of the Andes, from Colom- bia to Argentina) was originally assigned to Ernpidochanes, a name used by most workers for what was to become known as Cnernotriccus. Ernpidochanes Sclater 1862 later proved to be a synonym of Myiophobus Cabanis and Heine 1859. Various populations of euleri were placed in the predominantly North American genus Ernpidonax as early as the late 1800's, with little justification for the transfer, and the species has remained there in one form or another ever since (Hellmayr 1927, Traylor 1979). Ernpidonax euleri is one of only two endemic South Amer- ican species in the genus as presently consti- tuted (Traylor 1979). The other, E. griseipectus, is confined to a comparatively small range west of the Andes in southwest Ecuador and north- west Peru. The first hint of discordance con- cerning the generic affinity of euleri came with an electrophoretic study (Zink and Johnson 1984) of genetic differentiation at protein cod- ing loci within Ernpidonax. These authors dis- covered that euleri differed from 11 other species
CONVERGING CIRCLES--EDUCATION OF THE HANDICAPPED AND SOME GENERAL FEDERAL PROGRAMS.

This paper shows the advances made through congressional legislation and attempts to provide insight into federal activities that concern all handicapped children and youth. Four people-oriented federal activities are discussed.
Quantitative mass spectrometry-based multiplexing compares the abundance of 5000 S. cerevisiae proteins across 10 carbon sources

Abstract The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model system for investigating biological processes. Cellular events are known to be dysregulated due to shifts in carbon sources. However, the comprehensive proteomic alterations thereof have not been fully investigated. Here we examined proteomic alterations in S. cerevisiae due to the adaptation of yeast from glucose to nine different carbon sources – maltose, trehalose, fructose, sucrose, glycerol, acetate, pyruvate, lactic acid, and oleate. Isobaric tag-based mass spectrometry techniques are at the forefront of global proteomic investigations. As such, we used a TMT10-plex strategy to study multiple growth conditions in a single experiment. The SPS-MS3 method on an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos mass spectrometer enabled the quantification of over 5000 yeast proteins across ten carbon sources at a 1% protein-level FDR. On average, the proteomes of yeast cultured in fructose and sucrose deviated the least from those cultured in glucose. As expected, gene ontology classification revealed the major alteration in protein abundances occurred in metabolic pathways and mitochondrial proteins. Our protocol lays the groundwork for further investigation of carbon source-induced protein alterations. Additionally, these data offer a hypothesis-generating resource for future studies aiming to investigate both characterized and uncharacterized genes. Biological significance We investigate the proteomic alterations in S. cerevisiae resulting from adaptation of yeast from glucose to nine different carbon sources – maltose, trehalose, fructose, sucrose, glycerol, acetate, pyruvate, lactic acid, and oleate. SPS-MS3 TMT10plex analysis is used for quantitative proteomic analysis. We showcase a technique that allows the quantification of over 5000 yeast proteins, the highest number to date in S. cerevisiae, across 10 growth conditions in a single experiment. As expected, gene ontology classification of proteins with the major alterations in abundances occurred in metabolic pathways and mitochondrial proteins, reflecting the degree of metabolic stress when cellular machinery shifts from growth on glucose to an alternative carbon source. Our protocol lays the groundwork for further investigation of carbon source-induced protein alterations. Improving depth of coverage - measuring abundance changes of over 5000 proteins - increases our understanding of difficult-to-study genes in the model system S. cerevisiae and by homology human cell biology. We submit this highly comprehensive dataset as a hypothesis generating resource for targeted studies on uncharacterized genes.
Bioassays of Oil Shale Process Waters in Paramecium and Salmonella

Oil shale deposits located in the western United States represent an abundant resource for recoverable synthetic crude oil (Yen and Chilingarin, 1976). Water coproduced with shale oil and decanted from it Is called oil shale process water. This water originates primarily from combustion, dehydration of minerals, and groundwater (Farrier et al., 1977). For every 100,000 barrels of shale oil produced per day, a process water production of 1.6 million gallons is estimated (Hendrickson, 1975; Shih et al., 1979; Strniste and Chen, 1981). Technologies must be developed for the safe handling, containment, and disposal of such process waters.
A New Take on John Maynard Smith's Concept of Protein Space for Understanding Molecular Evolution

Much of the public lacks a proper understanding of Darwinian evolution, a problem that can be addressed with new learning and teaching approaches to be implemented both inside the classroom and in less formal settings. Few analogies have been as successful in communicating the basics of molecular evolution as John Maynard Smith's protein space analogy (1970), in which he compared protein evolution to the transition between the terms WORD and GENE, changing one letter at a time to yield a different, meaningful word (in his example, the preferred path was WORD → WORE → GORE → GONE → GENE). Using freely available computer science tools (Google Books Ngram Viewer), we offer an update to Maynard Smith's analogy and explain how it might be developed into an exploratory and pedagogical device for understanding the basics of molecular evolution and, more specifically, the adaptive landscape concept. We explain how the device works through several examples and provide resources that might facilitate its use in multiple settings, ranging from public engagement activities to formal instruction in evolution, population genetics, and computational biology.
Conformal coating thickness determination: A comparison of methods

In the manufacture of electrical and electronic packages and assemblies, conformal coatings are employed to protect the electronic package from moisture, gases, and other constituents of harsh atmospheres. In addition, circuit board dielectric characteristics can be improved by proper use of conformal coatings. The actual product use and design requirements will normally dictate the method of coating application and cured thickness needed. In any case, some method of thickness measurement is desirable from both a quality control standpoint as well as operator "during-the-fact" testing. This paper discusses several alternative methods of measuring the thickness of cured conformal coatings. More familiar methods are reviewed and put in perspective by a subsequent discussion of a more recent non-destructive technique. A statistical analysis of the data is included.
Sub-Band Pre-Distortion for PAPR Reduction in Spectral Efficient 5G Mobile Fronthaul

We propose a pre-distortion scheme in transmitter DSP to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in multi-intermediate-frequency (IF)-over-fiber mobile fronthaul (MFH). In optical spectral efficient MFH, multiple modulated sub-bands are transmitted with different IFs serving multi-in multi-out and carrier aggregation in 5G. By applying phase pre-distortion on sub-bands in the transmitter DSP, we reduce the PAPR by more than 2.2 dB with 1% complementary cumulative distribution function value in MFH for 5G mobile networks and significantly increase the transmitted signal power and quality without modifying the system linearity and resolution. The proposed scheme generates small latency. It is DSP efficient and compatible with current mobile devices, without additional noise. With 32 sub-bands served, we demonstrated a 2-dB sensitivity improvement experimentally by applying the proposed scheme.
A Trust Management Framework for Cloud Computing Platforms

In today's cloud computing platforms, more and more users are now working or collaborating in multi-cloud environment, in which collaborators, clouds, computing nodes may belong to different institutions or organizations. Those different organizations might have their own policies. Security is still a big concern in cloud computing. To help cloud vendors and customers to detect and prevent from being affected by potential attacks, we propose a trust management framework. We consider link/flow's level trust, node's level trust and task/mission's level trust. We show that our trust management framework is able to provide guidance for the administrator or even customers to make decisions, e.g. migrating tasks from suspect nodes to trustworthy nodes, dynamically allocating resource, and managingthe trade-off between the degree of redundancy and the cost of resource.
Impact of parents mobile device use on parent-child interaction: A literature review

This review attempts to provide an overview of parents' mobile device distractions while caring for their children and the implications of this distraction on parent-child relationships. This revie...
The case for and against autonomous weapon systems.

The development of autonomous weapon systems, by removing the human element of warfare, could make war crimes and atrocities a thing of the past. But if these systems are unable to respect the principles of humanitarian law, we might create a super-intelligent predator that is beyond our control.
Matching on Balanced Nonlinear Representations for Treatment Effects Estimation

Estimating treatment effects from observational data is challenging due to the missing counterfactuals. Matching is an effective strategy to tackle this problem. The widely used matching estimators such as nearest neighbor matching (NNM) pair the treated units with the most similar control units in terms of covariates, and then estimate treatment effects accordingly. However, the existing matching estimators have poor performance when the distributions of control and treatment groups are unbalanced. Moreover, theoretical analysis suggests that the bias of causal effect estimation would increase with the dimension of covariates. In this paper, we aim to address these problems by learning low-dimensional balanced and nonlinear representations (BNR) for observational data. In particular, we convert counterfactual prediction as a classification problem, develop a kernel learning model with domain adaptation constraint, and design a novel matching estimator. The dimension of covariates will be significantly reduced after projecting data to a low-dimensional subspace. Experiments on several synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Threshold Decline in Mesoamerican Coral Growth and Resiliency

Caribbean coral reefs have been massively altered in recent decades due to human impacts, resulting in a dramatic reduction of live coral cover but quantitative data before the 1970s have not been available to assess how these changes came about1,2,3. We produced master chronologies of growth rates in massive Montastrea faveolata corals from the Mesoamerican reef tract that provide a method for extending records of coral health further back into the past. Our records reveal a unique reduction in growth rate associated with the 1998 coral bleaching event that has no parallel in the past 75 to 150 years. Of 92 cores collected from live coral heads in 2006-2007, 94% have severely reduced growth rates and 14% exhibit partial mortality scars in 1998-1999 whereas only 3 stress bands are found in single cores prior to 1998, and none of these cores exhibited earlier partial mortality. Some corals returned to pre-1998 extension rates by 2001, although corals in areas affected by sediment-laden runoff or high human population density still had not fully recovered by the time of sample collection eight years later. Previous episodic stresses like hurricane strikes and a warming event in 1983 more severe than 1998 had little to no effect on M. faveolata growth rates. The 1998 event apparently surpassed a threshold in coral tolerance precipitating a catastrophic shutdown in growth that had lasting effects throughout the Mesoamerican reef system but was particularly prolonged in areas exposed to other stressors. These findings suggest that projected increases in global temperatures over the next century are likely to result in drastic reductions in growth rather than a gradual decline in coral health, but that corals with fewer local stresses will be better able to survive bleaching events, underscoring the need for local conservation measures.
Diabetic assistant tool

In this paper, we present the Diabetic Assistant Tool, a web application developed using the Vue framework. The application, as the name suggests, assists diabetics in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The tool uses modern designs and gives the users features that have been requested for many years, an easy to use and pleasant to the eye package. The Diabetic Assistant Tool application differentiates itself from other such applications by simplifying the interface and only giving the user information they need in a clear and simple way.
Morphology and Glass Transition Behavior

Because of their dual crosslinked nature, both networks exert a unique control over the size, shape, and composition of the phase domains in an IPN. The morphological detail strongly influences, in turn, the physical and mechanical behavior of the material. While Chapter 5 detailed several ways of synthesizing IPNs, little mention was made of how crosslink density, order of polymerization, overall composition, etc. affect the final product. The objective of this chapter will be to explore the interrelationships among synthesis, morphology, and glass transition behavior. Mechanical and engineering properties will be treated in Chapter 7.
Detection and Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias

During the past 15 years the techniques available to detect ventricular arrhythmias in hospitalized and ambulatory patients have been developed to permit characterization and quantitation of the ventricular arrhythmias, 1 These advances have permitted the assessment of ventricular arrhythmia in many cardiac disorders and determination of their importance in the natural history of each syndrome. 2 Recently, a number of new antiarrhythmic drugs have been developed to provide the cardiologist a number of highly effective therapeutic agents for almost all ventricular arrhythmias. 3 However, each advance has raised new problems such as stratifying patients requiring treatment, documenting the effects of treatment and assessing the impact of treatment, on the natural history of the cardiac disorder. The report focuses on the latest available information about the detection and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
Handbook for student-teachers : Abraham Lincoln School : East Irondequoit Central School District #1

This is an early archival copy of a graduate student's project, a precursor to today's thesis.