cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Eigenvalue decomposition of spectral features in density of states curves

The purpose of this paper is to show a computational strategy based on pattern recognition methods to extract features from density of states (DOS) curves that can be traced back to crystal chemistry and structure. We show how the knowledge base developed by eigenvalue decomposition of DOS curves derived from accurate DFT calculations for a few simple metals can serve as a training set for computing DOS spectra of other simple metals without requiring a separate set of DFT calculations. The comparison of these derived DOS curves are shown to agree with DFT calculations. The implications of this data-driven approach to model DOS curves of new materials as a way to generate approximations of DOS spectra prior to full scale DFT calculations in a high throughput fashion are also discussed.
Molecular Defects in Human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency and Approaches to Immune Reconstitution

Mutations in nine different genes have been found to cause the human severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome. The products of three of the genes--IL-2RG, Jak3, and IL-7R alpha--are components of cytokine receptors, and the products of three more-RAG1, RAG2, and Artemis-are essential for effecting antigen receptor gene rearrangement. Additionally, a deficiency of CD3 delta, a component of the T-cell antigen receptor, results in a near absence of circulating mature CD3+ T cells and a complete lack of gamma/delta T cells. Adenosine deaminase deficiency results in toxic accumulations of metabolites that cause T cell apoptosis. Finally, a deficiency of CD45, a critical regulator of signaling thresholds in immune cells, also causes SCID. Approaches to immune reconstitution have included bone marrow transplantation and gene therapy. Bone marrow transplantation, both HLA identical unfractionated and T cell-depleted HLA haploidentical, has been very successful in effecting immune reconstitution if done in the first 3.5 months of life and without pretransplant chemotherapy. Gene therapy was highly successful in nine infants with X-linked SCID, but the trials have been placed on hold due to the development of a leukemic process in two of the children because of insertional oncogenesis.
Regional disparity of cerebral vessel reactivity

The majority of research investigating cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CO2) in humans has been conducted by measuring blood flow velocity at the middle cerebral artery. Though this body of research has provided novel insight into the regulation of cerebral blood flow, to date there has been limited exploration of regional differences in cerebrovascular reactivity in response to changes in arterial CO2. In an article in a recent issue of The Journal of Physiology, Sato et al. (2012) explored regional cerebral reactivity in response to both hypercapnia and hypocapnia.
Classification of the extracellular fields produced by activated neural structures

Classifying the types of extracellular potentials recorded when neural structures are activated is an important component in understanding nerve pathophysiology. Varying definitions and approaches to understanding the factors that influence the potentials recorded during neural activity have made this issue complex. In this article, many of the factors which influence the distribution of electric potential produced by a traveling action potential are discussed from a theoretical standpoint with illustrative simulations. For an axon of arbitrary shape, it is shown that a quadrupolar potential is generated by action potentials traveling along a straight axon. However, a dipole moment is generated at any point where an axon bends or its diameter changes. Next, it is shown how asymmetric disturbances in the conductivity of the medium surrounding an axon produce dipolar potentials, even during propagation along a straight axon. Next, by studying the electric fields generated by a dipole source in an insulating cylinder, it is shown that in finite volume conductors, the extracellular potentials can be very different from those in infinite volume conductors. Finally, the effects of impulses propagating along axons with inhomogeneous cable properties are analyzed. Because of the well-defined factors affecting extracellular potentials, the vague terms far-field and near-field potentials should be abandoned in favor of more accurate descriptions of the potentials.
Treatment of cardiac arrhythmias

The treatment of arrhythmias involves consideration of patient symptoms, the clinical situation in which the arrhythmia arises, the natural history of a given arrhythmia, and the relative likelihood of success of different pharmacologic and invasive options such as device implantation, catheter ablation, or surgery. With advances in implantable cardiac devices and catheter ablation, the options for arrhythmia treatment have expanded significantly, and a basic understanding of these procedures is necessary to properly counsel patients on arrhythmia management. It is also important to understand the basic pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs, their indications, and their potential side effects and relative contraindications. An algorithmic approach to decision making while also taking into account individual patient preference and clinician experience is key. Thus, a structured approach to considering the different treatment modalities available for arrhythmias, when certain therapies may be reasonable, and how they may be implemented must be taken in the context of constantly evolving epidemiologic understanding and technological advances.
Predictors of Surgery Types after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Advanced Stage Breast Cancer: Analysis from Florida Population-Based Cancer Registry (1996-2009).

Purpose: Despite the established guidelines for breast cancer treatment, there is still variability in surgical treatment after neoadjuvant therapy (NT) for women with large breast tumors. Our objective was to identify predictors of the type of surgical treatment: mastectomy versus breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in women with T3/T4 breast cancer who received NT. Methods: Population-based Florida Cancer Data System Registry, Florida’s Agency for Health Care Administration, and US census from 1996 to 2009 were linked for women diagnosed with T3/T4 breast cancer and received NT followed by either BCS or mastectomy. Analysis of multiple variables, such as sociodemographic characteristics (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, marital status, and urban/rural residency), tumor’s characteristics (estrogen/progesterone receptor status, histology, grade, SEER stage, and regional nodes positivity), treatment facilities (hospital volume and teaching status), patients’ comorbidities, and type of NT, was performed. Results: Of 1,056 patients treated with NT for T3/T4 breast cancer, 107 (10%) had BCS and 949 (90%) had mastectomy. After adjusting with extensive covariables, Hispanic patients (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = [3.50], 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–8.84, P = 0.008) were more likely to have mastectomy than BCS. Compared to localized SEER stage, regional stage with direct extension (aOR = [3.24], 95% CI: 1.60–6.54, P = 0.001), regional stage with direct extension and nodes (aOR = [4.35], 95% CI: 1.72–11.03, P = 0.002), and distant stage (aOR = [4.44], 95% CI: 1.81–10.88, P = 0.001) were significantly more likely to have mastectomy than BCS. Compared to patients who received both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, patients who received hormonal NT only (aOR = [0.29], 95% CI: 0.12–0.68, P = 0.004) were less likely to receive mastectomy. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Hispanic ethnicity, advanced SEER stage, and type of NT are significant predictors of receiving mastectomy after NT.
The machine in the desert: Lessons from the design and implementation of a computer system for the Sudanese Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning

Information management is a critical problem for development planning. It is an especially difficult issue for those Third World planning ministries which must adapt to the escalating demands for information posed by a proliferation of donors and multilateral agencies. Yet, effective information management is crucial if domestic policy makers are to be able either to plan for or to monitor the performance of externally-funded development projects. Microcomputer-based management information systems are now being implemented in a wide variety of settings to deal with these problems. The present paper reports on the development of such a system in the Sudan. From this case study, lessons are drawn for future management information system implementations in ‘system-poor' technical environments and organisational contexts highly dependent on external funding sources.
Computation of complete theoretical seismograms for torsional waves

Abstract For realistic sources in a spherical, radially heterogeneous, anelastic earth, it is now possible to generate complete theoretical seismograms for direct comparison with the experimental records from the long-period instruments of the WWSSN. These synthetic seismograms for torsional waves contain all modes that exist for periods above 10 sec. All body-wave phases, as well as surface-wave arrivals, are obtained. A single, relatively short computer run yields all the required frequency-domain information for the necessary, 90-100 radial modes; the associated program is available for general distribution; simple, inverse Fourier transformation is used to obtain the time series. The initial, direct comparison of these complete theoretical seismograms with an experimental record from a standard long-period instrument of the WWSSN is exhibited.
beta. /sup +/ decay of /sup 67/As

The ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay of the new isotope $^{67}\mathrm{As}$ to levels in $^{67}\mathrm{Ge}$ has been studied via the reaction $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}(^{14}\mathrm{N}, \ensuremath{\alpha}n)^{67}\mathrm{As}_{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{\ensuremath{\beta}+67}\mathrm{Ge}$ using 39- and 41-MeV $^{14}\mathrm{N}$ ions. The $^{67}\mathrm{As}$ half-life and total decay energy (${Q}_{\mathrm{EC}}$) have been measured to be 42.5 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 1.2 s and 6.01 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.10 MeV, respectively. The ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}$ decay scheme to 15 levels up to 2524-keV excitation in $^{67}\mathrm{Ge}$ has been determined and, based on measured $log\mathrm{ft}$ values, a spin/parity constraint of $\frac{3}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ or $\frac{5}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ for the ground state of $^{67}\mathrm{As}$ has been established.RADIOACTIVITY $^{67}\mathrm{As}$ [from $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}(^{14}\mathrm{N}, \ensuremath{\alpha}n)$]: measured ${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}$, ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin, ${E}_{{\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}}$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin; deduced decay scheme, mass excess, $log\mathrm{ft}$ values, ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ restrictions; $^{67}\mathrm{Ge}$ ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ restrictions. Enriched targets, multiple rabbit, helium jet, Ge(Li) and plastic detectors.
Determinants of Service Innovation in Academic Libraries through the Lens of Disruptive Innovation

With the development of digital technologies, various disruptive innovations have emerged that are gradually replacing academic libraries in the information-seeking process. As academic libraries become less relevant to their users, it is imperative that they develop strategies to respond to disruption. We highlight the fact that the service mission of academic libraries is in alignment with service innovation and propose that academic libraries respond to disruption by accelerating service innovation. Applying the Resources-Processes-Values framework, we recommend that, to facilitate service innovation, high-level administrators become innovation leaders, foster an innovation-supportive culture, tie performance evaluations and rewards to innovation outcomes, and create dedicated innovation teams with high levels of decision-making autonomy. We also recommend that academic libraries involve their users and build partnerships with other libraries and with commercial communities to bring about service innovation necessary to respond to disruption.
Heat Transfer in a Cross Flow Nuclear Reactor

The heat transfer between mutually perpendicular fuel and coolant channels of a nuclear reactor is studied for both isotropic and anisotropic conducting media. By means of an electrical conduction ...
Long-term Coarse Particulate Matter Exposure and Heart Rate Variability in the Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background Reduced heart rate variability, a marker of impaired cardiac autonomic function, has been linked to short-term exposure to airborne particles. This research adds to the literature by examining associations with long-term exposures to coarse particles (PM10-2.5). Methods Using electrocardiogram recordings from 2,780 participants (45-84 years) from three Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis sites, we assessed the standard deviation of normal to normal intervals and root-mean square differences of successive normal to normal intervals at a baseline (2000-2002) and follow-up (2010-2012) examination (mean visits/person = 1.5). Annual average concentrations of PM10-2.5 mass, copper, zinc, phosphorus, silicon, and endotoxin were estimated using site-specific spatial prediction models. We assessed associations for baseline heart rate variability and rate of change in heart rate variability over time using multivariable mixed models adjusted for time, sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and neighborhood confounders, including copollutants. Results In our primary models adjusted for demographic and lifestyle factors and site, PM10-2.5 mass was associated with 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.1, 2.1%) lower standard deviation of normal to normal interval levels per interquartile range of 2 μg/m. Stronger associations, however, were observed before site adjustment and with increasing residential stability. Similar patterns were found for root-mean square differences of successive normal to normal intervals. We found little evidence for associations with other chemical species and with the rate of change in heart rate variability, though endotoxin was associated with increasing heart rate variability over time. Conclusion We found only weak evidence that long-term PM10-2.5 exposures are associated with lowered heart rate variability. Stronger associations among residentially stable individuals suggest that confirmatory studies are needed.
Interventions to Reduce the Ergonomic Exposures of Drywall Installation

Abstract The study was conducted to assess the efficacy of an assistive tool to reduce the physical exposures of the ceiling installation task. Based on the idea of using a ‘deadman’ (long narrow piece of panel) to help hold the panels on the ceiling while installing them, a prototype tool was fabricated that could be placed on its own while supporting the ceiling. This tool, which was introduced to the drywall foremen and ceiling installers at a construction site, was implemented as an intervention for the ceiling installation process. To evaluate the efficacy of this tool for exposure reduction, the researcher collected quantitative exposure data (PATH) and qualitative data at the baseline and intervention phases. The data at the two time periods were compared to evaluate any change in the exposure with use of the tool. Results showed that physical exposures (such as overhead arm, postures, heavy load handling, load handling while holding the panels with arms raised while being on a ladder) were reduced while using the tool at the intervention phase. Reduction of physical ergonomic exposures by the use of the prototype tool is evident in the result while the tool itself was a better version of the ‘deadman’ regarding its easy usage and self-supporting structure i.e., the installers need not hold it under the ceiling.
Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Development and Honeydew Production as a Function of Cotton Nitrogen Status

In a greenhouse experiment we documented the effects of low, medium, and high nitrogen in cotton on development and honeydew production by the whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows and Perring. Nitrogen status of cotton plants was manipulated by irrigation with 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0 mmol/liter nitrogen fertilizers. Although the fertilization treatments produced large differences in plant growth, subtle differences were found in whitefly development. No differences among treatments were found in stage-specific survival or the time whiteflies spent in each stadium. Time to adult emergence by whiteflies increased with decreasing nitrogen fertilization. Although early-instar whiteflies on high nitrogen plants initiated the production of honeydew droplets before whiteflies on medium and low nitrogen treatments, they subsequently generated fewer droplets through 24 h periods.
SY28-2CREATING THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE BY USING MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEWING-TOWARDS BETTER TREATMENT OUTCOME-

In this presentation, the research findings around the effectiveness of motivational interviewing as well as the effect of therapeutic alliance on treatment outcome will be reviewed. Then, how Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, one of leading treatment centers in United States, integrate Motivational Interviewing to treatment methods will be introduced.
Patterns of heterosis and crossing barriers resulting from increasing genetic distance between populations of theMimulus luteus complex

Ability of several populations of theMimulus luteas complex to intercross was compared with an estimate of genetic divergence of the populations derived from a Prim network based on 134 traits. On the average we find that low levels of genetic differentiation result in heterosis or partial interference with ability to intercross and that with increasing genetic divergence, these are replaced with increasingly strong barriers to gene exchange.
Characterization of Influenza Vaccine Hemagglutinin Complexes by Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Image Analyses Reveals Structural Polymorphisms

Influenza virus afflicts millions of people worldwide on an annual basis. There is an ever-present risk that animal viruses will cross the species barrier to cause epidemics and pandemics resulting in great morbidity and mortality. Zoonosis outbreaks, such as the H7N9 outbreak, underscore the need to better understand the molecular organization of viral immunogens, such as recombinant influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) proteins, used in influenza virus subunit vaccines in order to optimize vaccine efficacy. Here, using cryo-electron microscopy and image analysis, we show that recombinant H7 HA in vaccines formed macromolecular complexes consisting of variable numbers of HA subunits (range, 6 to 8). In addition, HA complexes were distributed across at least four distinct structural classes (polymorphisms). Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and molecular modeling indicated that HA was in the prefusion state and suggested that the oligomerization and the structural polymorphisms observed were due to hydrophobic interactions involving the transmembrane regions. These experiments suggest that characterization of the molecular structures of influenza virus HA complexes used in subunit vaccines will lead to better understanding of the differences in vaccine efficacy and to the optimization of subunit vaccines to prevent influenza virus infection.
Men in Ministry: Comparing Deacons and Candidates on Religiosity, Leadership, Personality, and Worship–Work Behaviors

ABSTRACTIn the present study, 424 men in formation (“candidates”) and a random sample of 424 ordained deacons reported their religious and spiritual attitudes, leadership styles, personality dimensions, and worship- and work-related behaviors. There were no significant differences between candidates and deacons on religiosity, personality, and most leadership styles. Candidates reported significantly higher worship-related behaviors than deacons, who expressed significantly higher personal-life desires. Candidates over time did not report significantly greater religiosity, personality, or leadership skills during their formation years. Results suggest that Catholic deacons and men in diaconate formation are similar as they start and continue their life as permanent ministers.
Impact of hydrology on the spread of oncomelania to southern coast of Yangtze estuary in Jiangsu province

Objective To assess whether the Marshland oncomelania could diffuse into south coast of the Yangtze River estuary section through water.Methods We determined the Yangtze River flow velocity and flow direction continuously,and collected detailed data of tide level and tide speed simultaneously;We also compared oncomelania falling off situation from float at different flow rate;Furthermore,the altitude beach of Baishui marshes was measured and the submerged days of the reed marshes was calculate throughout the year.Results The flow velocity analysis showed that the flow velocity in the Jiangyin E'bizui section was over 2 m/s,which was significantly higher than that of downstream which was below 1.9 m/s,and it was worth noting that oncomelania falling off situation was well connected with flow velocity,specifically,oncomelania fell off obviously when the speed was 1.951m/s or above.The Yangtze River flow velocity was related to tide,simplely,which was fastest when reflux and reduced at high tide because they were in opposite directions.Historical data clearly demonstrated that the highest tidemark and tide level difference was 5.98m and 3.31m respectively,and both average was over 2m at Zhangjiagang brake observation point in 2007.Futhermore,the slowest and quickest rising tide on river beach was 25m/h and 88m/h.We also found an annual average of 330 days that the high tide beyond Baishui marshes and submerged the reed marshes,in contrast,there were only 7 days beyond Baishui marshes at low tide.Conclusions The high flow velocity at the Jiangyin E'bizui section indeed acted as the natural barrier to intercept the oncomelania;Tide could effectually obstruct oncomelania spreading towards lower reaches of the Yangtze River through tide-topping effect;The effects of continuous flood may play as capital potential risk on the oncomelania distribution and spread to Suzhou section of the Yangtze River.
Inherited and Acquired Thrombophilias and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Historically, much controversy has existed regarding the association of inherited thrombophilias with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current guidelines recommend screening when there is a personal history of venous thromboembolism (VTE) or when there is a strong family history of thromboembolic disease, but our up to 40 % of physicians may screen contrary to current guidelines. This chapter summarizes the existing evidence for each inherited thrombophilia, and reviews current guidelines.
Prognostic Value of Host Immunocompetence in Urologic Cancer Patients

AbstractTo evaluate the prognostic significance of host immunocompetence in urologic cancer patients, the subsequent clinical course of 95 patients was determined a year after skin testing with dinitrochlorobenzene. A close correlation was demonstrated between dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity and prognosis among 38 transitional carcinoma patients. Of 19 patients with impaired reactivity 13 had tumor recurrences and 11 of these died of cancer within 1 year. Only 5 of 19 patients with normal dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity had recurrences and none died during the same interval. Although not statistically significant, similar results were observed among 10 renal cell carcinoma patients of whom 3 of 5 with impaired dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity had tumor recurrences, while 4 of 5 with normal reactivity remained free of tumor. One testis tumor patient with impaired dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity died of cancer, while 3 of 4 with normal reactivity remained free of tumor. Similarly, 1 patient with carcinoma of...
Medial-Sided Elbow Pain

Elbow injuries are common in patients who participate in overhead throwing and racquet sports. Our understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of elbow pain has increased significantly over the past 25 years. The most common cause of medial-sided elbow injury is valgus stress, which results in increased force absorbed by the medial elbow. Repeated stress can lead to ulnar collateral ligament injury, valgus extension overload syndrome, medial epicondylosis and tear of the flexor-pronator mass, and cubital tunnel syndrome.
Will to Power and ‘I’

1. Among the various roles that Nietzsche assigned to his concept of will to power, one stood out early on. From Thus Spoke Zarathustra onwards, will to power was at times proposed as the drive or set of drives explaining the totality of man’ behaviour, at other times as the process underpinning all organic events to the extent that the phenomena ‘ife’ and ‘will to power’ are said to be indistinguishable. In this context it is unsurprising to read Nietzsche treating will to power as the true basis of psychology, a discipline he redefined, in terms equally obscure and intriguing, as the exploration of ‘epths’ and as the ‘orphology and evolutionary theory of the will to power’. On these premises and on these alone, affirmed Nietzsche, psychology is to be recognised as ‘he queen of sciences, which the other sciences exist to serve and antici- pate’, for it is to ‘once again become the way to basic issues’.1
Keynote presentation 2: The Sputnik of servgoods: Autonomous vehicles

In an earlier paper [Tien 2015], the author defined the concept of a servgood, which can be thought of as a physical good or product enveloped by a services-oriented layer that makes the good smarter or more adaptable and customizable for a particular use. Adding another layer of physical sensors could then enhance its smartness and intelligence, especially if it were to be connected with each other or with other servgoods through the Internet of Things. Such sensed servgoods are becoming the products of the future. Indeed, autonomous vehicles can be considered the exemplar servgoods of the future; it is about decision informatics and embraces the advanced technologies of sensing (i.e., Big Data), processing (i.e., real-time analytics), reacting (i.e., real-time decision-making), and learning (i.e., deep learning). Since autonomous vehicles constitute a huge quality-of-life disruption, it is also critical to consider its policy impact on privacy and security, regulations and standards, and liability and insurance. Finally, just as the Soviet Union inaugurated the space age on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik, the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the U. S. has inaugurated an age of automata or autonomous vehicles that can be considered to be the U. S. Sputnik of servgoods, with the full support of the U. S. government, the U. S. auto industry, the U. S. electronic industry, and the U.S. higher educational enterprise.
Emotionally sustainable change: two frameworks to assist with transition

Earlier research (Leybourne, 2007; Robinson and Griffiths, 2005; Stensaker et al., 2002) has identified that assisting employees to cope with change can be beneficial in ensuring that change initiatives are more effective. This paper considers two frameworks from outside the 'traditional' change literature that can assist in coping with change and that have been recognised for many years, but which are arguably under-utilised in assisting employees through the behavioural, and particularly the emotional journey through organisational change. Bridges' (1991) transition framework and the Kubler-Ross (1969) Grief Cycle are examined in turn, and each is critically appraised to identify the benefits, or otherwise, of what they offer to assist employees to cope with change, and managers to manage that coping element of change management. The outcomes suggest that both frameworks are beneficial to change practitioners, and can assist in supporting employees through the transition from one organisational state to another.
Rehearsal of to-be-remembered items is unnecessary to perform directed forgetting within working memory: Support for an active control mechanism

Directed forgetting tasks instruct people to forget targeted memoranda. In the context of working memory, people attempt to forget representations that are currently held in mind. Here, we evaluated candidate mechanisms of directed forgetting within working memory, by (a) testing the influence of articulatory suppression, a rehearsal-reducing and attention-demanding secondary task, on directed forgetting efficacy, and by (b) assessing the ability of people to perform forgetting in the absence of to-be-remembered competitors to rehearse. In Experiment 1, articulatory suppression interfered with directed forgetting, increasing the proportion of false alarms to to-be-forgotten probes in the working memory phase and decreasing the magnitude of the directed forgetting effect as assessed by an incidental long-term memory recognition test. Experiment 2 replicated the effects of articulatory suppression and tested whether the simultaneous requirement to retain, and presumably rehearse, to-be-remembered items was necessary for successful forgetting. The long-term directed forgetting effect was equivalent whether or not participants had to-be-remembered items to rehearse during the working memory phase. Experiment 3 included an additional comparison condition and confirmed that articulatory suppression interfered with directed forgetting and that participants were as efficient at directed forgetting with and without competitors to remember. In combination, these experiments suggest that directed forgetting in working memory requires an active control process that is limited by articulatory suppression, and that the demand to remember a concurrent memory set is unnecessary for this control process to operate. (PsycINFO Database Record
Antitumor Efficacy of the Purine-Scaffold Hsp90 Inhibitor PU-H71 in Diffuse Large-B Cell Lymphoma

Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although many DLBCLs are responsive to CD20 antibody/chemotherapy regimens, a significant proportion of patients will still die of their disease. It is possible that targeting important lymphomagenic pathways could improve the potency and reduce the toxicity of future lymphoma therapy. One of the challenges of harnessing molecular targets for the therapy of DLBCL is the remarkable genetic and molecular heterogeneity of this disease. Along these lines, we found that Hsp90 is expressed in more than 90% of patients with DLBCL. Taken together with the fact that Hsp90 is a crucial component of a wide range of signaling processes that are important for cancer cell survival, we hypothesized that Hsp90 inhibition could be an effective strategy for heterogeneous tumors with multiple pathway aberrations such as DLBCL. However, the clinical translation of the available benzoquinone Hsp90 inhibitors has been challenged by their liver toxicity. We developed a non-quinone Hsp90 inhibitor PU-H71 with potent activity in pre-clinical models of DLBCL. When screened against a panel of 32 DLBCL cell lines, PU-H71 was among the most active drugs even compared to classical chemotherapy and new targeted drugs. Inhibition of Hsp90 by PU-H71 in DLBCL (OCI-Ly7, Farage and SUDHL4 cell lines) resulted in significant activation of apoptosis, as observed morphologically and biochemically by detecting the activation of caspase-3, 7 and the cleavage of PARP. Hsp90 inhibition by PU-H71 in DLBCL was associated with the destabilization and subsequent degradation of several onco-proteins such as Akt, c-Raf and IKK/Nemo, thus affecting the activity of many oncogenic pathways. To evaluate the in vivo anti-lymphoma effect of PU-H71, OCI-Ly7, Farage and SUDHL4 xenografted tumors were established in SCID mice. Mice received either 75mg/kg/day of PU-H71 or vehicle (water) (n=5 per treatment and per cell line). By day 10, the tumors in the PU-H71 treated mice were significantly smaller in volume than their respective controls, with 76%, 95% and 95% inhibition of tumor growth observed in Farage, OCI-Ly7 and SUDHL4 mice, respectively (p=0.002, p
Civil Commitment of Sexual Predators

Responding to concerns surrounding the release of sex offenders into the community, many states have implemented laws allowing for the civil commitment of sex offenders deemed to pose a high risk of re-offense. Currently, twenty states, as well as the District of Columbia and Federal government, have statutes allowing for civil commitment. Beyond encountering significant operational and fiscal challenges, sex offender civil commitment (SOCC) programs have faced numerous legal challenges centered on the constitutionality of these statutes in regards to commitment, treatment, and release. This chapter examines the history and development of civil commitment policies in the United States, and offers a detailed discussion of the operational context and characteristics of SOCC programs. The chapter also features analyses of the legal and constitutional issues surrounding SOCC, the use of SOCC in countries other than the U.S., the empirical evidence surrounding the effectiveness of SOCC, and a detailed discussion of the cost associated with SOCC, focusing on state expenditures on SOCC programs and the fiscal viability of managing ever increasing commitment populations.
Creation, Activation, and Management of a Distributed World

The chapter shows how an exemplary distributed network-shaped world can be created from scratch, modified, and managed in SGL. Different shape-forming distributed techniques are presented, with the created world navigated by mobile agents interacting with each other and with the world. The latter can be active too, with its nodes informing each other to any depth and breadth on the active agents moving through them. This world is subsequently globally controlled by runtime introduction of higher, supervision, layers which can change the overall functionality and behavior. Also shown is how a virtual world can be converted into a physical one and autonomously move in parts or as a whole in distributed space, preserving overall integrity and shape. The whole model is written within the same SGL syntax which makes it transparent, compact, and simple.
Development of preimplantation rabbit embryos in vivo and in vitro. I. An ultrastructural comparison

Ultrastructural criteria have been used to assay the normality of fertilized rabbit ova allowed to develop in vitro. The developmental sequences in nucleoli, ribosomes and polysomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, intercellular junctional complexes, and crystalline inclusions have been examined during the first 6 days of embryogenesis. By these criteria, no evidence is found that rabbit embryos require special “growth factors” unique to the maternal reproductive tract during the first 4 days of development. The evidence suggests, however, that specific embryo-uterine interaction may become essential, possibly only briefly, during day 5 of pregnancy.
(A) Review of Basic Concepts (B) Feynman Path Integral Approach (C) Bell’s Inequalities Revisited

Chapters 1– 12 form what could be the basis for a one semester course in quantum mechanics. Before moving on to advanced topics such as time-independent perturbation theory, the variational method, the WKB approximation and irreducible tensor operators, it can’t hurt to review the basic concepts of quantum mechanics that I have covered up to this point. I also use this chapter to discuss an alternative formulation of quantum mechanics given by Feynman based on path-integrals. Finally I present a proof of Bell’s theorem and see how it can be tested.
Combined Immunotherapy with Conventional Cancer Treatments

Novel cancer immunotherapies targeting the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 pathway result in a durable clinical benefit in a subset of patients; however, primary or acquired resistance is common, affecting up to two-thirds of the patients with various tumor types (Ribas et al., JAMA 315:1600–1609, 2016). Therefore, a substantial effort is currently underway to fully elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade and to design more effective therapeutic strategies. Conventional anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy, execute anticancer activity through direct cancer cell killing. Recent appreciation of the immune-regulatory effects of these therapy modalities have led to the exploration of their utilization in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, aiming to achieve synergetic effects to improve the response and durability of immunotherapy. In this chapter, we will review the immunomodulatory effects of these conventional cancer treatments and their impacts on reshaping modern cancer immunotherapy. The ongoing clinical trials of these combination therapies and their results will be briefly discussed here, since they are also reviewed in other sections of this book. The combination of different immunotherapy agents, such as PD-1 antibody in combination with CTLA-4 antibody, is not a focus here, but is discussed in the overview and other disease-specific chapters.
The predictive role of E/e′ on ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation in Japanese patients without atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background The predictive role of E / e ′ on ischemic stroke (IS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in Japanese patients without AF are unclear. Methods and results Shinken database includes all the new patients visiting the Cardiovascular Institute Hospital in Tokyo, Japan. E / e ′ has been routinely measured since 2007. Patients without AF for whom E / e ′ was measured at the initial visit between 2007 and 2014 ( n = 11 477, mean age 57.2 years old, men 59.5%) were divided into E / e ′ tertiles ( 11.00). During the mean follow-up period of 1.8 years, 58 IS and 140 new appearances of AF were observed. High E / e ′ tertile was associated with more prevalence of atherothrombotic risks. The cumulative incidence of IS events and new appearance of AF at 6 years in low, middle, and high E / e ′ tertiles were 0.5%, 1.4%, and 3.0%/year (log-rank test, p p = 0.007), respectively. In multivariate analysis, high E / e ′ tertile was independently associated with IS (HR, 2.857, 95%CI 1.257–6.495, p = 0.012). Although high E / e ′ tertile was independently associated with new appearance of AF when adjusted for coexistence of atherothrombotic risk factors (HR, 1.694, 95%CI, 1.097–2.616, p = 0.017), the association was attenuated after adjustment for left atrial dimension. Conclusions E / e ′ was significantly associated with incidence of IS and new appearance of AF in non-AF patients.
Exploiting Linguistic Style as a Cognitive Biometric for Continuous Verification

This paper presents an assessment of continuous verification using linguistic style as a cognitive biometric. In stylometry, it is widely known that linguistic style is highly characteristic of authorship using representations that capture authorial style at character, lexical, syntactic, and semantic levels. In this work, we provide a contrast to previous efforts by implementing a one-class classification problem using Isolation Forests. Our approach demonstrates the usefulness of this classifier for accurately verifying the genuine user, and yields recognition accuracy exceeding 98% using very small training samples of 50 and 100-character blocks.
Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC): Concordance of receptor status between right and left breast.

572 Background: This analysis was prompted by a patient who presented with SBBC who had and ER+, HER2- cancer in one breast and an ER-, HER2+ cancer in the other. Since both breasts have the same g...
Effect of dietary salt intake on epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) in the hypothalamus of Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

All three epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits (α, β, and γ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a known regulator of ENaC, are located in vasopressin (VP) synthesizing magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. Our previous study showed that ENaC mediates a Na+ leak current that affects the steady-state membrane potential of VP neurons. This study was conducted in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats to determine if any abnormal responses in the expression of ENaC subunits and MR occur in the hypothalamus and kidney in response to a high dietary salt intake. After 21 days of high salt consumption, Dahl-SS rat resulted in a significant increase in γENaC expression and exhibited proteolytic cleavage of this subunit compared to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Additionally, Dahl-SS rats had dense somato-dendritic γENaC immunoreactivity in VP neurons, which was absent in SD rats. In contrast, SD rats fed a high salt diet had significantly decreased αENaC subunit expression in the kidney and MR expression in the hypothalamus. Plasma osmolality measured daily for 22 days demonstrated that Dahl-SS rats fed a high salt diet had a steady increase in plasma osmolality, whereas SD rats had an initial increase that decreased to baseline levels. Findings from this study demonstrate that Dahl-SS rats lack a compensatory mechanism to down regulate ENaC during high dietary salt consumption, which may contribute to the development of hypertension.
ABNORMAL RED CELL METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC UREMIA: NATURE OF THE DEFECT AND ITS PERSISTENCE DESPITE ADEQUATE HEMODIALYSIS

A red cell metabolic abnormality, which diminishes the maximum activity of the pentose phosphate shunt, occurs in some uremic patients, even those adequately dialyzed with fluids prepared from distilled or charcoal-filtered water. Within individual patients the severity of this abnormality does not change even after 9 mo of consecutive hemodialyses. However, between patients it does correlate inversely with hematocrit. When erythrocytes from patients with the abnormality are stressed with oxidant compounds, such as ascorbate, erythrocyte glucose consumption and lactate formation are abnormally increased, while lactate/pyruvate ratios abnormally diminish. Concomitantly, red cell glycolytic intermediates, including fructose-1,6-diphosphate, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenol pyruvate, and pyruvate, markedly accumulate. Surprisingly, no increase of 2- phosphoglycerate occurs, which suggests that inefficient phosphoglyceromutase activity underlies this perturbation of erythrocyte metabolism and its associated hemolytic process.
Multitarget therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer’s disease

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s and Parkinson’s diseases have multifaceted nature because of the different factors contributing to their progression. The complex nature of neurodegenerative diseases has developed a pressing need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the complementary pathways involved in these diseases. The major enzyme targets for development of therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease are cholinesterase and β-secretase enzymes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in profiling single target inhibitors based on these enzymes to multitarget-directed ligands as potential therapeutics for this devastating disease. In addition, therapeutics based on iron chelation strategy are discussed as well.
Direct Detection of Bacterial Pathogens on Fresh Fruits and Vegetables

This paper presents a rapid method of detecting specific bacterial pathogens on the surface of fresh produce without sample preparation (water rinse, soak, stomaching) and/or enrichment. The method combines wireless, phage-coated magnetoelastic (ME) biosensors and a surface-scanning detector that can be passed over food surfaces for pathogen detection. The speed of detection is from 5 to 10 minutes. Simultaneous measurement of multiple sensors was demonstrated for the first time, which opens up the path to on-site, multiplexed pathogen detection.
Longitudinal associations of gross motor development, motor milestone achievement and weight-for-length z score in a racially diverse cohort of US infants

Objectives To investigate longitudinal associations between gross motor development, motor milestone achievement and weight-for-length z scores in a sample of infants. In a secondary aim, we explored potential bidirectional relationships, as higher weight-for-length z scores may impede motor development, and poor motor development may lead to obesity. Design The design was an observational birth cohort. Setting We used data from the Nurture study, a birth cohort of predominately black women and their infants residing in the Southeastern USA. Participants 666 women enrolled their infants in Nurture. We excluded infants with missing data on exposure, outcome or main covariates, leaving a total analytic sample of 425 infants. Primary outcome The outcome was weight-for-length z score, measured when infants were 3, 6, 9 12 months. Results Among infants, 64.7% were black, 18.8% were white and 16.9% were other/multiple race. Mean (SD) breastfeeding duration was 17.6 (19.7) weeks. Just over one-third (38.5%) had an annual household income of Conclusions Higher motor development score and earlier crawling were associated with lower subsequent weight-for-length z score. However, this was primary true for male infants only. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence suggesting that delayed motor development may be associated with later obesity.
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Leukotoxin (LtxA) Requires Death Receptor Fas, in Addition to LFA-1, To Trigger Cell Death in T Lymphocytes.

ABSTRACT Leukotoxin (LtxA) (trade name, Leukothera) is a protein secreted by the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. A. actinomycetemcomitans is an oral pathogen strongly associated with development of localized aggressive periodontitis. LtxA acts as a virulence factor for A. actinomycetemcomitans by binding to the β2 integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1; CD11a/CD18) on white blood cells (WBCs) and causing cell death. In addition, because of its specificity for malignant and activated WBCs, LtxA is being investigated as a therapeutic agent for treatment of hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Here, we report the successful generation and characterization of Jurkat T lymphocytes with deletions in CD18, CD11a, and Fas that were engineered using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Using these clones, we demonstrate the specificity of LtxA for cells expressing LFA-1. We also demonstrate the requirement of the cell death receptor Fas for LtxA-mediated cell death in T lymphocytes. We show that LFA-1 and Fas are early events in the LtxA-mediated cell death cascade as caspase activation and mitochondrial perturbation do not occur in the absence of either receptor. To our knowledge, LtxA is the first molecule, other than FasL, known to require the Fas death receptor to initiate cell death. Knowledge of the mechanism of cell death induced by LtxA will facilitate the understanding of LtxA as a bacterial virulence factor and development of it as a potential therapeutic agent.