cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manufacture and multi-physical characterization of aluminum/high-density polyethylene functionally graded materials for green energy building envelope applications

Abstract An aluminum/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) functionally graded material (FGM) has been fabricated as an essential component of a multifunctional building envelope for high performance of energy efficiency and sustainability. The mass production of the FGM was realized by using coarse aluminum (Al) particles and fine HDPE powder through a vibration-sedimentation process. The gradation of the FGM across its thickness direction was analyzed by developing a modified Rice method, from which five different uniform Al-HDPE samples were made to characterize the material properties of the five sub-layers of the FGM. The mechanical and thermal physical properties of the FGM such as Young's modulus, Poisson ratio, thermal expansion coefficients and thermal conductivities were obtained by various experimental characterizations. A prototype FGM panel with water tubes embedded was fabricated by the vibration and sedimentation combined approach and the thermal efficiency of the FGM panel was evaluated. Under an irradiation level of 620 w/m 2 and a water flowing rate of 60 ml/min, a 22.3 °C water temperature increase and an average 18.7 °C surface temperature decrease of the FGM panel were achieved, which demonstrates that significant PV conversation efficiency improvement can be realized for both electricity generation and heat collection by the presented FGM panel. The presented fabrication procedures and the associated experimental characterization methods and results can serve as a baseline for quality control of the manufacture of the green energy building envelope materials.
The national standards for teachers of Family and Consumer Sciences: An implementation and revision study

The National Standards for Teachers of Family and Consumer Sciences (Standards) (Appendix A), adopted in 2004, provide an integrated set of standards which form a framework for program development, implementation and assessment for Family and Consumer Sciences teacher preparation. Periodic review of standards is recommended by organizations involved in standards setting (ISO, 2009; NSTA, 2003). This study explored implementation of the Standards by states and their respective teacher preparation programs and reviewed the 2004 Standards (NSTFCS, 2004). As a result of this investigation, changes to update the Standards were conveyed to the Standards team. A survey methodology was used to determine the status of implementation of the Standards. A modified Delphi technique was used in order to gain consensus on the alignment of the standards with current content and pedagogy. The modified Delphi panel was stratified to include FCS teachers, teacher educators, specialists and administrators from two organizationsNational Association of Teacher Educators of Family and Consumer Sciences and National Association of State Administrators of Family and Consumer Sciences. The findings provide recommendations for a Standards update and strategies for sharing, integrating and implementing the Standards at the state and institutional level.
Hot-electron noise properties of graphene-like systems

We study the hot-electron noise properties of two-dimensional materials with a graphene-like energy dispersion under a strong applied electric field which drives the system far from equilibrium. Calculations are based on a Boltzmann--Green-function method within a two-relaxation-time approximation that allows for both inelastic scattering coming from electron-phonon scattering and elastic scattering coming from electron-impurity scattering. The steady-state distribution function is used to calculate the average current and the low-frequency spectral density for current fluctuations (noise) in the nonequilibrium steady-state. We find that as the electric field strength increases, the noise decreases from its equilibrium thermal noise value. This is in contrast with semiconductors with a quadratic energy--wave-vector dispersion where the noise increases in a constant-relaxation-time model with the square of the electric field due to the Joule heating of the electron gas by the electric field. We have also studied these properties for an electronic dispersion with a gap introduced into the Dirac spectrum. The inclusion of the gap in the electronic dispersion causes an initial increase in the noise as a function of external electric field due to the heating of the electron gas for large gap values. At high electric fields, the noise decreases with increasing electric field as in the case of gapless dispersion at higher fields.
The Workplace Within, Psychodynamics of Organizational Life

The article presents a review of the book “The Workplace Within: Psychodynamics of Organizational Life,“ by Larry Hirschhorn.
Chain Density in Rubber Networks

Abstract Though difficult to prove from experimental data, the concept that network chain density is reflected in the Mooney-Rivlin C1 parameter has received fairly wide acceptance. In the present work, experimental stress strain measurements on natural rubber are shown to be consistent with the idea that the network chain density is directly related to the sum of the Mooney-Rivlin constants, C1 and C2; rather than to the C1 parameter only. The determination of elastically effective chain densities in polydimethylsiloxane networks is also discussed. A relationship is obtained for concentration dependence of the polydimethylsiloxane-toluene interaction parameter. The results are used to study the cure of polydimethylmethylvinylsiloxanes with “vinyl specific” peroxides. Experimental data favor the proposal that a trimethylene crosslink is formed by the reaction of a methyl group with a vinyl group through a free radical mechanism.
Leveraging Rules of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay for Genome Engineering and Personalized Medicine

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic mRNA quality control and regulatory process that plays direct roles in human health and disease. In this Minireview, we discuss how understanding the molecular events that trigger NMD can facilitate strategic targeting of genes via CRISPR/Cas9 technologies and also inform disease diagnostics and treatments.
Social Butterfly: Social Caches for Distributed Social Networks

A distributed architecture for implementing online social networks (OSNs) can overcome several disadvantages of the now popular centralized online social networks such as Face book or Twitter. Owners of centralized OSNs control all of the individuals' data and associated policies on dissemination of data. Hence, individuals can hardly exert control of their personal data, resulting in serious potential privacy violations. Distributed OSNs, where each individual hosts their personal data, provide greater control of ownership of personal data. However, for distributed OSNs to be scalable, methods that optimize peer-to-peer data dissemination need to be developed. In this paper, we introduce Social Caches as a way to alleviate the peer-to-peer traffic that would ensue in a distributed OSNs. Social caches act as local bridges among friends for efficient information delivery. We provide a novel social communication model, Social Butterfly, for distributed OSNs that utilize social caches. We further formulate social cache selection as the Neighbor-Dominating Set Problem, and propose two algorithms to solve it: 1) Approximate NDS, and 2) Social Score algorithm. Performance evaluation based on real social traffic data shows that both algorithms reduce peer-to-peer social traffic by an order of magnitude.
Comparison of two computationally feasible image deblurring techniques for smartphones

This paper presents a comparison of two computationally efficient motion deblurring techniques that have been shown to be practically feasible for deployment on smartphones. One technique involves the use of smartphone inertial sensors to provide an estimate of blur causing point-spread-function and the other involves the use of a short-exposure image that is obtained electronically at the same time the blurred image is captured. Both objective and subjective evaluations are carried out for a comprehensive comparison of these two techniques. It is shown that on average the technique utilizing a short-exposure image leads to more effective deblurrring outcomes compared to the technique utilizing inertial sensors.
ADCN: an anisotropic density-based clustering algorithm

In this work we introduce an anisotropic density-based clustering algorithm. It outperforms DBSCAN and OPTICS for the detection of anisotropic spatial point patterns and performs equally well in cases that do not explicitly benefit from an anisotropic perspective. ADCN has the same time complexity as DBSCAN and OPTICS, namely O(n log n) when using a spatial index, O(n2) otherwise.
Comparing methods for analysis of biomedical hyperspectral image data

Over the past 2 decades, hyperspectral imaging technologies have been adapted to address the need for molecule-specific identification in the biomedical imaging field. Applications have ranged from single-cell microscopy to whole-animal in vivo imaging and from basic research to clinical systems. Enabling this growth has been the availability of faster, more effective hyperspectral filtering technologies and more sensitive detectors. Hence, the potential for growth of biomedical hyperspectral imaging is high, and many hyperspectral imaging options are already commercially available. However, despite the growth in hyperspectral technologies for biomedical imaging, little work has been done to aid users of hyperspectral imaging instruments in selecting appropriate analysis algorithms. Here, we present an approach for comparing the effectiveness of spectral analysis algorithms by combining experimental image data with a theoretical “what if” scenario. This approach allows us to quantify several key outcomes that characterize a hyperspectral imaging study: linearity of sensitivity, positive detection cut-off slope, dynamic range, and false positive events. We present results of using this approach for comparing the effectiveness of several common spectral analysis algorithms for detecting weak fluorescent protein emission in the midst of strong tissue autofluorescence. Results indicate that this approach should be applicable to a very wide range of applications, allowing a quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of the combined biology, hardware, and computational analysis for detecting a specific molecular signature.
Description of a new species of Nudibranchiate mollusca, Paradoris tsurugensis, from Japan

Paradoris Bergh, 1884 (tipo: P. granulata Bergh, 1884) e um genero raro no Mediterrâneo (Trieste). Sua ocorrencia e indicada no Japao e uma nova especie, P. tsurugensis,e descrita.
Predicting Mission Alignment and Preventing Mission Drift: Do Revenue Sources Matter?

Activities of nonprofit organizations do not always align with their missions, a managerial problem termed as “mission drift.” Mission drift is difficult to operationalize and quantify; thus, as a critical issue, only a few conceptual pieces or empirical case studies have explored this topic. This paper develops innovative measures to operationalize “mission alignment” using data science methodology, and examines the impact of revenue sources on mission alignment. By using the cosine similarity of text between a mission statement and program description, four measures of mission alignment are devised: the sum cosine similarity, average cosine similarity, weighted sum cosine similarity, and weighted average cosine similarity. Text analysis indicates that a majority of the programs evidence educational purposes, and for-profit business plays an important role in foundations’ projects and funding. The regression analysis shows that personal donation and service revenue can increase mission alignment,while organizational donation and membership dues decrease mission alignment. 非盈利组织的活动并不总是与其任务相一致，这种管理问题被称为“任务偏移”。任务偏移的量化较为困难，因此，即使其作为一个重要的管理问题，只有一部分概念类文章或者实证案例分析对该问题展开过研究。本文通过创新的数据科学的方法量化了任务偏移，并且检验了收入来源对于任务偏移的影响。通过运用任务概述和项目描述的文本的余弦相似性，本文建立了衡量任务一致的四项指标：余弦相似总和、平均余弦相似度、加权余弦相似度、以及加权余弦相似度。文本分析揭示，大多数项目都显示出教育目的，同时商业组织在基金会的项目和资金上发挥了重要作用。回归分析显示个人捐赠和服务收费会提升任务一致，但是组织捐赠和会员会费会起到相反的作用。
Abstract TP78: When Non-revascularized Transfer Patients Come A-Knocking at a Stroke Center

Background: Guidelines recommend acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients be transported rapidly to the closest certified stroke center (SC). The impact of SC care on transfer patients who do not recei...
Integrating the Diagnosis of Childhood Malignancies

Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular basis of pediatric malignancies. Mechanisms of pediatric acute leukemia induction include hyperdiploidy, aberrant expression of proto-oncogenes, and activation of transcription factors or kinases by aberrant fusion genes. Molecular analysis of these alterations has facilitated the recognition of distinct groups with different sensitivity to therapy, and identified potential targets for antileukemic agents. Similar analysis of pediatric soft tissue and bone tumors also resulted in the identification of specific fusion genes, and their characterization has contributed greatly to understand their biology. Molecular assays for these rearrangements have become important tools in classifying these tumors, providing important prognostic data. However, the understanding of mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of many other pediatric malignancies, including some embryonal tumors--believed to arise due to perturbation of the normal developmental program--is still vastly incomplete. The Department of Pathology at Texas Children's Hospital is one of the Children's Oncology Group (COG) reference centers for pediatric liver tumors. We have been particularly interested in the biology of hepatoblastoma, the most common type of pediatric liver tumor. Although a number of cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities have been described for this type of embryonal tumor, its pathogenesis is still poorly understood. In an attempt to explore the role of different signaling pathways in this disease, we analyzed the expression patterns of different histologic subtypes of hepatoblastoma using cDNA microarray analysis, qualitative reverse transcription, polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. Wnt signaling pathway, critical both in development and in neoplasia, appears to be particularly relevant in these tumors. Mutations of the beta-catenin gene are present in over 90% of hepatoblastomas, leading to activating transcription of a number of target genes. The pattern of beta-catenin expression and type of mutation in groups of tumors are crucial to understand the corresponding differences in their gene expression profiles. Our findings are consistent with a relationship between poor histologic phenotype and beta-catenin activation, indicating the potential utility of targeted gene expression assays to identify molecular events related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of hepatoblastomas. Integration of clinical, morphologic, phenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular data has become the basis of novel prognostic prediction and therapeutic strategies in pediatric leukemia. Similarly, integration of new genetic and molecular data with clinical, and other diagnostic information will be crucial for accurate classification of pediatric tumors, risk stratification, and successful development of new therapies for pediatric oncologic patients.
Metaheuristic entry points for harnessing human computation in mainstream games

In this work, we describe a promising approach to harnessing human computation in mainstream video games. Our hypothesis is that one of the best approaches to seamlessly incorporating harnessing withing these games is by examining existing game mechanics and matching them to meta-heuristic algorithms. In particular, we believe that the best choices for early exploration of this problem are nature inspired meta-heuristic algorithms for combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we will describe the problem in more detail and describe two proof of concept games that demonstrate the viability of this approach. The first game is designed to be incorporated in Real-time Strategy games within the resource gathering aspects of these games, and the algorithm and problem that are used is related to Ant Colony Optimization and the Traveling Salesman Problem. The second game explores a racing game where the problem and algorithm are embedded in the numerical characteristics of the racer such as speed, agility, and jump power. These characteristics represent current solutions to different traveling salesman problems, and the solutions are modified through training and mating of racers; this is analogous to mutations and crossbreeding in genetic algorithms.
A Nursing Diagnosis Decision Aid Adoption Assessment

This study investigates the roles trust and bias may play in nursing information technology acceptance via a two-phase study. In phase one, the impact of user experience on levels of trust in and bias towards automated decision aids (ADAs) is assessed. In phase two, the impact of trust and bias on ADA adoption is explored using actual usage data. The results indicate that experienced nurses have higher levels of trust and positive bias towards automation; yet, novice nurses are more likely to accept information from an ADA. Additionally, a parsimonious model incorporating trust, bias, experience, and ADA adoption is proposed.
A Formalism for Predicting Ultrasonic Properties of Alloys in a Semi-Solid State

When an alloy is in a semi-solid state, it is a heterogeneous material similar to a suspension where the dominant phase can be taken as the matrix and the minor phase as the inclusion. Typically, first-order scattering theories are considered adequate for describing the wave mechanics of a suspensions when the inclusion concentration levels are low. However, as the concentration is increased, higher ordered scattering theories become necessary. Due to the mathematical complexities of these methods, many researchers have pursued effective media approaches[1]. It should be noted however, that neither scattering heories nor effective media theories account for dynamic changes in the material state.
Current, Voltage, and Resistance

In this chapter, we define current and voltage, which are among the principal quantities of interest in circuit analysis. We present Ohm’s law, which is one of the fundamental laws of electrical engineering, and which is the defining relation for resistance and conductance.
AWARE-US: Quantifying water stress impacts of energy systems in the United States

Abstract Energy production typically consumes a large amount of fresh water, which is a critical resource for both human and ecosystem needs. Robust water impact analysis is prudent prior to deploying new energy systems at scale. While there are many water indices representing relative water availability (or scarcity), they are not suitable for analyzing the impact of consumptive water in the context of life-cycle analysis (LCA). The available water remaining (AWARE) concept, developed by the Water Use in LCA Group, enables global water impact analysis (AWARE-Global). However, while AWARE-Global enables consistent comparison internationally, it lacks the high spatial resolution and fidelity needed for decision-making at the local level regarding energy system deployment within the United States (U.S.). In this study, we developed an AWARE system for applications in the contiguous U.S. (AWARE-US) by incorporating measured runoff and human water use data at U.S. county-level resolution. Results of AWARE-US quantify the water stress and the impacts of increase in water consumption in various regions within the U.S. To demonstrate the potential use of AWARE-US, we evaluated the impacts of a potential hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicle deployment scenario on the regional water stress in various regions within the U.S.
Epidemiological Investigation of the Outbreak of Acute Respiratory Infection caused by Adenovirus Type B55 in a Physical Education School in 2017.

Background On May 19, 2017, the cluster of 6 acute respiratory infections due to adenovirus in the swimming department of a physical education school (School J) was reported to Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the transmission route of the infection and to control the outbreak. Materials and methods A retrospective cohort study (Study 1) was conducted on students and teachers of the athletic departments using the swimming pool, and a prospective surveillance (Study 2) was conducted on all students and teachers of the School J. A case was defined as any student and school personnel who developed more than two of the following symptoms from April 10 to July 2, 2017: fever, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, or headache. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated to compare the attack rates according to potential risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the risk factors for infection in the outbreak. Results 47 cases were identified: 33 (55.9%) cases occurred among 59 students and teachers in Study 1 and 14 (3.9%) among 362 students and school personnel in Study 2. There were 18 laboratory confirmed adenovirus infection cases. The common symptoms were headache (71.7%), fever (69.6%), rhinorrhea (63.0%), sputum (56.5%), and sore throat (54.3%). 23.9% of the cases were accompanied with diarrhea and 19.6% with eye congestion. None of the cases developed pneumonia. 32.6% of the cases were hospitalized. In Study 1, attack rate in the swimming department was higher than that in others (RR: 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-3.60). In Study 2, being a member of the shooting department (RR: 20.70; 95% CI: 4.90-87.47) and being a first year high school student (RR: 10.95; 95% CI: 2.90-41.33) were identified as risk factors for the infections. Genetic analyses of the adenoviruses showed 100% identical sequence in homology and confirmed the human adenovirus B55 (HAdV-B55). No adenovirus was detected at examining the water and environment of the swimming pool and dormitory. Conclusion The outbreak is inferred to be occurred via propagated transmission among the students in the same athletic department, while the students with symptoms of respiratory infection continued performing school activities without any restrictions. Infection control measures such as early detection of symptoms of respiratory infection and restriction of group activity are necessary to prevent respiratory infection outbreak in the communal living setting.
Micromagnetic simulations of first-order reversal curves in nanowire arrays using MuMax3

We perform simulations of magnetic reversal in a 3 × 3 array of nanowires using MuMax3 micromagnetic simulation program. We record a series of first-order reversal curves (FORCs) that form distinct branches of ascending minor curves depending on the initial magnetization state. We calculate the FORC distribution, which shows 9 positive primary peaks, representing single reversals of the 9 simulated nanowires. The primary peaks form an interaction field distribution (IFD), a common feature in experimental FORC distributions due to demagnetizing interactions. The FORC distribution also contains positive and negative secondary peaks due to differing magnetization during reversal. We demonstrate the use of MuMax3 simulations to relate FORC distribution features to visualized magnetic configurations.
Disentangling the Roles of Cue Visibility and Knowledge in Adjusting Cognitive Control: A Preregistered Direct Replication of the Farooqui and Manly (2015) Study

Recent research suggests that people can learn to link the control process of task switching to predictive cues so that switch costs are attenuated following informative precues of switch likelihood. However, the precise conditions that shape such contextual cuing of control are not well understood. Farooqui and Manly (2015) raised the possibility that cued task switching is more effective when cues of control demand are presented subliminally. In the current study, we aimed to replicate and extend these findings by more systematically manipulating whether cues of control demand are consciously perceived or are presented subliminally and whether participants have explicit prior knowledge of the cue meaning or acquire cue knowledge through experience. The direct replication was unsuccessful: We found no evidence for effective subliminal cuing but observed some evidence for participants reducing switch costs with explicit, supraliminal cues. Thus, cognitive control may be guided most effectively by explicitly understood and consciously perceived precues.
Extreme climate scenario and parasitism affect the Amazonian fish Colossoma macropomum

Abstract Global warming caused by greenhouse gases accumulation, in particular carbon dioxide, is the major current environmental challenge, as it will affect all life forms over the next decades. Aquaculture, a fast growing food production sector, is already facing the effects of global warming. The fish immune system is expected to be especially affected by increased temperature and carbon dioxide, mainly when associated to infectious diseases outbreaks. Here, we experimentally investigated the associated effects of an extreme climate scenario and two levels of monogenean parasitism on the hematological and immunological response of an important Amazon fish for continental aquaculture: Colossoma macropomum. Individuals of C. macropomum with low and high levels of parasitism were exposed to current and extreme climate scenarios (4.5 °C and 900 ppm CO2 above current levels). We characterized their hematological profile using classical methods, and their immune-related gills gene expression (HSP70, IL-1β and IL-10) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). After 7 days of exposure, we observed that exposure to extreme climate scenario caused rapid increase of parasitism intensity and likely acute inflammation, indicated by the higher expression of HSP70 and IL-1β. The IL-10 gene was downregulated in both groups exposed to extreme climate scenario, contrasting with animals exposed to current scenario. Thus, in the current scenario, the parasitized tambaqui showed a response to the tissue damage, which was not observed in the animals exposed to the extreme scenario.
Applying Petitmengin's Explicitation Interview Method to Elicit the Lived Experience of Breathing Upon Waking by an Individual With Cystic Fibrosis.

Breathing is an act that most people do not consciously evoke unless there is a presence of illness that affects the respiratory system. Adults generally take in 12 to 15 breaths per minute without...
Appalachian Church Leaders: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Study to Understand How Substance use Impacts their Communities

The Appalachian region of the United States is diverse and full of beauty, mountains, art, and culture. However, the region has also experienced a history of abuse by large corporations, a decline in coal mining, and generational poverty. Substance use rates are disproportionality high, and there are limited resources available to address the issue. The literature suggests that church leaders may be a potential resource, but little empirical work on this topic exists. This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the substance use epidemic through the eyes of church leaders. Interpretative phenomenological analysis guided this qualitative study. Ten church leaders participated in interviews, and four significant themes emerged: the use of stories to describe the participants’ experiences working with substance use in their communities, the stigma associated with substance use, the community impact of substance use in Appalachia, and the lack of understanding and need for training on substance use for church leaders and healthcare practitioners. The study’s results are discussed and connected to the implications for clinical practice, recommendations for further research, and limitations.
Inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor of the spleen: a case report and approach to differential diagnosis.

Abstract We present a case of an inflammatory pseudotumor-like follicular dendritic cell tumor of the spleen. The patient is a 44-year-old woman, without significant underlying history, who presented with nonspecific abdominal pain for a few months. Both a contrast enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a new 2.5 cm enhancing splenic lesion, which demonstrated hypermetabolic activity on subsequent positron emission tomography and computed tomography scan. Since the lesion was new compared to more remote imaging and hypermetabolic, a splenectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis and demonstrated positivity for Epstein-Barr Virus .
A quality improvement initiative to reduce acid-suppressing medication exposure in the NICU.

BACKGROUND Acid-suppressing medications (ASMs) are commonly prescribed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), in particular among preterm infants, despite well-established adverse effects and little evidence to support efficacy. LOCAL PROBLEM We sought to develop an initiative to reduce ASM exposure in our predominantly inborn level III NICU. Our specific aim was to reduce the number of nonindicated ASM prescriptions by 50% within a 12-month period. METHODS Our multidisciplinary team developed an evidence-based guideline defining indications for ASM prescription in a level III NICU. Plan-do-study-act cycles included staff education, formal clinical practice guideline implementation, and implementation of standardized documentation tools in the electronic health record (EHR). Outcome measures were the number of nonindicated and total inpatient prescriptions started per month, duration of ASM prescription, and number of prescriptions continued after NICU discharge. Balancing measures were the number of patients started on thickened feeds and number of patients discharged home on nasogastric tube feeds. We used statistical process control and Pareto charts to assess these measures over a 12-month baseline period, 9-month implementation period, and 19-month post-implementation period spanning September 2017-December 2020. RESULTS Nonindicated ASM prescriptions decreased from median 3 to 0 per month from the baseline to post-implementation period. Simultaneously, the median number of ASM prescriptions at discharge declined from 2 to 0 per month. The median duration of inpatient prescriptions declined from 23 to 7 days. Rates of patients started on thickened feeds and patients discharged home on nasogastric tube feeds remained stable throughout the study. CONCLUSION Enactment of an evidence-based guideline was associated with a substantial decline in nonindicated ASM use in our NICU and a decline in duration of exposure to ASM's when prescribed. Our interventions proved effective in altering clinical practice and could be applied to other NICUs with similar patient populations aiming to reduce ASM use.
From a Consumer Product to a Complex Building: A Quantitative Approach to Sustainability Using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

As sustainability becomes a central figure in the design process in both architectural education and practice, conducting such environmental research is gaining high momentum in architectural education and practice worldwide. Although many architects claim their buildings to be sustainable, unless a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study is conducted, it is difficult to calculate and evaluate the total burden that a particular building has on its surrounding and global environment. This paper demonstrates how LCA could be applied from a single bldg material or consumer product to a complex system such as an entire building throughout its life cycle. It highlights the difficulties in modeling the whole building over a long service life (60 years) and its implications on the construction process. Studying the whole life cycle of a building also shows to what extent each life cycle phase contributes to the total burdens, where some environmental strategies could be applied to reduce the total burden. The paper also examines the significance of these impacts that occur during the life cycle through a case study of an office building in Michigan. It aims also to provide a comprehensive assessment to which building component (structure, walls, floors, etc.) contribute the most to the total impacts to inform architects’ design decisions of buildings components that could reduce the total environmental burdens.
Providing network video service to mobile clients

Mobile computing and multimedia are two emerging trends in computer systems. One foreseeable application suggested by these two trends is the playback of stored video on both mobile devices and conventional workstations. A system supporting such an application must provide performance-guaranteed delivery of video data to different types of clients, some of which may be mobile. In this paper, we address some of the issues involved in supporting such an application, namely the efficient layout of multiple representations of video data on a file server and network support for host mobility. >
The paradox of E-cadherin: role in response to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and regulation of energy metabolism.

// Khoi Chu 1 , Kimberley M. Boley 1 , Ricardo Moraes 1 , Sanford H Barsky 2 and Fredika M. Robertson 1 1 Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 2 Department of Pathology, The University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV Correspondence: Fredika M. Robertson, email: // Keywords : E-Cadherin, Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET), Hypoxia-inducible 1α transcription factor (HIF-1α), Metabolism, Glycolysis. Received : March 15, 2013 Accepted : March 21, 2013 Published : March 21, 2013 Abstract E-Cadherin is a cell:cell adhesion molecule critical for appropriate embryonic and mammary development. In cancer, E-Cadherin has been primarily viewed as being lost during the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which occurs with a switch from E-Cadherin expression to a gain of N-Cadherin and other mesenchymal markers. EMT has been shown to play a role in the metastatic process while the reverse process, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), is important for metastatic colonization. Here we report an unexpected role of E-Cadherin in regulating tumorigenicity and hypoxia responses of breast tumors in vivo . Reduced expression of E-Cadherin led to a dramatic reduction of the in vivo growth capability of SUM149, Mary-X and 4T1 tumor cells. Furthermore, over-expression of ZEB1 , a known transcriptional repressor of E-Cadherin, led to reduced in vivo growth of SUM149 tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis identified the loss of hypoxia response genes as a major mechanism in mediating the lack of in vivo growth of SUM149 cells that lacked E-Cadherin or over-expressed ZEB1 . The in vivo growth defect of SUM149 E-Cadherin knockdown tumors was rescued by the hypoxia-inducible 1α transcription factor (HIF-1α). Given the importance of HIF-1α in cellular metabolism, we observed reduced glycolytic capacity in SUM149 and 4T1 cells that had E-Cadherin knocked down. Our observations shed light on the complex functions of E-Cadherin in retention of an epithelial phenotype and as a mediator of survival of aggressive breast cancer under hypoxic conditions in vivo . Furthermore, we find that patients with basal subtype breast cancer and high E-Cadherin expression in their tumors had a poor clinical outcome. Our data suggests a novel function for E-Cadherin as a bona fide signaling molecule required for the in vivo growth of aggressive breast cancer tumor cells, that retain E-Cadherin expression, in mediating their metabolic function.
THE FOUR-FIELD MODEL OF ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES

This paper assesses the historical and institutional origins of anthropology in the United States in order to understand the development of the four-field model, the persistence of which is considered distinctive of anthropology in the United States. An Atlantic Enlightenment saw the origins of anthropology in the United States. The four fields of anthropology can be traced to the Enlightenment. The four fields were brought together in the context of museums and learned societies in the 19th century United States. The focus of anthropology changed in the early 20th century with the placement of anthropology in the context of the university and the German concept of the defended dissertation as the principal gateway to professionalization (introduced by Boas). Four-field anthropology programs also existed in diverse countries, but did not persist except in the US beyond the early years of the 20th century. Anthropology in the US as a four-field discipline grew throughout the 1930s. After World War II, the discipline expanded greatly in the United States, partly due to the G.I. Bill as well as to increased demand for anthropology courses. Anthropology continued to grow in terms of numbers of institutions offering the PhD and numbers of new doctorates in the field into the 1970s, stabilizing around 400 per year. The usual rank order in number of doctorates per field per year continues to be the same in the early 2000s as it was thirty years ago: cultural anthropology, archaeology, physical anthropology, linguistic anthropology. The four field unity of the discipline came under critical scrutiny in the late 20th century, with the principal criticism being that the holism of the four fields appears to be a function of 19th century museum mentality, but the four fields regardless of cleavages have nevertheless remained together in the same departments in most universities. That trend appears to be continuing in general at the present time in the United States. Keywords: four fields of anthropology, history of anthropology, US university system.
Inferring Mobile User Status with Usage Cues

An online inference engine monitors and extracts usage cues from wearables and identifies whether the user is busy, alone, happy, or stressed. Experiments show 85 percent identification accuracy with negligible energy cost.
Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of ARDS: a 15-year cohort study in a managed care setting.

Study objective To examine the association ofcigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with hospital presentation of ARDS in a well-defined, multiethnic population. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Health maintenance organization in Northern California. Participants A total of 121,012 healthplan subscribers (54.2% women), aged 25 to 89 years. Outcome measure Hospital presentation of ARDS (validatedby medical chart review) from baseline in 1979 to 1985 through the endof 1993 (median, 9.9 years). Results There were 56cases of ARDS (33 in men, 23 in women). The case fatality rate was 39%in both genders. ARDS was independently related to increasing age (rateratio of 10 years, 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to1.71), to current smoking of Conclusions Theresults of this study suggest a relationship (with evidence ofdose-response effect) between cigarette smoking and ARDS.Assuming a causal relationship, approximately 50% of ARDS cases wereattributable to cigarette smoking.
Interplay between elastic interactions and kinetic processes in stepped Si (001) homoepitaxy

A vicinal Si (001) surface may form stripes of terraces, separated by monatomic-layer-high steps of two kinds, ${S}_{\mathrm{A}}$ and ${S}_{\mathrm{B}}$. As adatoms diffuse on the terraces and attach to or detach from the steps, the steps move. In equilibrium, the steps are equally spaced due to elastic interaction. During deposition, however, ${S}_{\mathrm{A}}$ is less mobile than ${S}_{\mathrm{B}}$. We model the interplay between the elastic and kinetic effects that drives step motion, and show that during homoepitaxy all the steps may move in a steady state, such that alternating terraces have time-independent, but unequal, widths. The ratio between the widths of neighboring terraces is tunable by the deposition flux and substrate temperature. We study the stability of the steady-state mode of growth using both linear perturbation analysis and numerical simulations. We elucidate the delicate roles played by the standard Ehrlich-Schwoebel (ES) barriers and inverse ES barriers in influencing growth stability in the complex system containing $({S}_{\mathrm{A}}+{S}_{\mathrm{B}})$ step pairs.
Effects of copper, iron and fluoride co-crystallized with sugar on caries development and acid formation in desalivated rats

The purpose was to explore the effects of combinations of copper, iron and fluoride (Cu, Fe and F) incorporated in sucrose by co-crystallization on caries development in the desalivated rat model and to examine acid formation by bacteria in the rat mouth. Ninety-six Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with Streptococcus sobrinus 6715 and desalivated when aged 26 days. Eight groups were placed in a Konig-Hofer programmed feeder and received 17 meals daily at hourly intervals, and essential nutrition (NCP No. 2) by gavage twice daily for 21 days. The groups received (1) plain sucrose, (2) F (8 parts/106) co-crystallized with sucrose, (3) Fe (88 parts/106) sucrose, (4) Cu (75 parts/106) sucrose, (5) Cu + F sucrose, (6) Cu + L Fe sucrose, (7) F + Fe sucrose, and (8) Cu + Fe + F sucrose. At death the jaws were removed and sonicated in 0.9% saline solution for microbial assessment. In addition, organic acid assays were performed for each animal. Keyes smooth-surface and sulcal caries scores were lowest in the Cu + Fe + F sucrose group, but not statistically significantly different from those of the other Cu groups. The numbers of Strep. sobrinus found in the groups that received Cu, Cu + Fe, Cu + F, F + Fe and Cu + Fe + F sugar were lower than in the control group. Lactic acid was found in lower concentrations in Fe, Cu, Cu + F, Cu + Fe and F + Fe groups than in the other groups. It appears that combinations of Cu, Fe and F co-crystallized with sugar may have an additive effect in reducing the cariogenic potential of sugar by affecting lactic acid formation and reducing bacterial colonization.
Near-Field Experiments on Tip Vortices at Mach 3.1

Limited experimental investigations of the supersonic flowfield behind low aspect ratio, unswept wings were conducted over four decades ago by Davis and Adamson and Boatright. Recently, pitot measurements of supersonic tip vortices from different unswept wings were made by Kalkhoran et al., Wang and Sforza, and Wang. Most recently, Smart et al. made additional measurements in such flows using pitot and cone probes. This limited database prompted the present note, wich expands upon the key features of the previous findings.
Thermolytic molecular precursor route to active and selective vanadia-zirconia catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

Abstract The thermolytic molecular precursor route was employed in attempts to obtain highly dispersed and structurally well-defined vanadia–zirconia catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane. The vanadia–zirconia materials were prepared by cothermolysis of OV(O t Bu) 3 and Zr(OCMe 2 Et) 4 in a nonpolar solvent, at relatively low temperatures. Prior to calcination, these materials have relatively high surface areas, are amorphous, and appear to be highly dispersed. After calcination to 773 K, nanocrystalline zirconia and various VO x species, which appear to be dispersed on the zirconia surface, can be observed by PXRD and Raman, DR-UV-vis, and 51 V NMR spectroscopies. Higher vanadia loadings and/or an increased calcination temperature (823 K) resulted in formation of ZrV 2 O 7 (as demonstrated by Raman, DR-UV-vis, and 51 V NMR spectroscopies). In general, the VO x /ZrO 2 materials obtained from the molecular precursor method possess a greater surface area and exhibit a higher dispersion of VO x species than materials of the same composition prepared by conventional impregnation methods. For catalysts derived from the alkoxides, the maximum rate for propane oxidative dehydrogenation is more than double that observed for VO x /ZrO 2 materials prepared by impregnation, under similar conditions. Likewise, higher selectivities to propene (by more than 15%) were observed with materials derived from the alkoxides. However, analysis of the rate data for the new catalysts revealed that the active sites were also more active in catalyzing the secondary oxidation of propene. As a result of this, the ratio of secondary combustion to oxidative dehydrogenation rate constants ( k 3 / k 1 ) was similar for materials prepared by either wet impregnation or thermolysis of molecular precursors.
Direct detection of soil mRNAs using targeted microarrays for genes associated with lignin degradation.

Microarrays have become established tools for describing microbial systems, however the direct assessment of expression profiles for uncharacterized environmental microbial communities still presents unique challenges. Notably, the concentration of particular transcripts are likely very dilute relative to the pool of total RNA, and PCR-based amplification strategies are vulnerable to amplification biases and the appropriate primer selection. Thus we applied a target labeling and amplification approach based on the Klenow fragment and signal amplification approach to detect expression of fungally-derived lignin-degrading enzymes in soil. Known amplicons and cDNA from Phanerochaete chrysosporium were mixed with the soil cDNA both before and after the signal amplification in order to assess the dynamic range of the microarray. The addition of control cDNA with soil cDNA interfered with detection of the low-abundance transcripts. Nevertheless this microarray approach consistently reported the higher-abundance transcripts which presented more robust signals.
The course of marital disputes in depressed women: a 48-month follow-up study.

A LTHOUGH there is controversy as to the sequence of marital problems and depression in women,‘,’ their relationship has been recognized and well-documented. For example, Paykel et al.3 found that increases in marital difficulties, particularly arguments, were the most frequent events reported by depressed women in the 6 months prior to coming for treatment. Weissman and Paykel-’ found that marital relationships were the most impaired areas of functioning of acutely depressed women when compared to their normal neighbors, and that their impairments were slow to resolve and persisted long after the women were symptomatically recovered. The marriages of depressed women were characterized by disengagement, poor communication, friction, and sexual problems.” Also, Brown. et al.” in a community study of Camberwell in London, found that the presence of an intimate, confiding relationship with the spouse protected a woman against depression in the face of life stress. Taken together, these studies highlight the importance of the marital relationship in the development and course of depression in women. Following Klerman’s concept that marital disputes serve as a central feature in the development of symptoms of many depressed women,” we have studied the relationship between these disputes and the course of treatment. In a study of 76 depressed women who received eight months of maintenance psychotherapy and/or antidepressant drugs for their depression, we have shown that women who present to treatment with marital disputes differ from those without disputes in the process and outcome of individual psychotherapy.‘.* Women with marital disputes showed less improvement in their symptoms and social functioning and had a greater tendency to relapse. However, within the marital dispute group. those women. who were able to effect an improvement in their marital relationships in the course of treatment showkd an improvement in depression and social adjustment equal to that of the group who had no marital disputes at the onset of treatment. Thus, we demonstrated that there was a