cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationships heal: Reducing harsh parenting and child abuse potential with relationship-based parent-infant home visiting

Abstract Background Childhood maltreatment and harsh parenting can have lasting effects on young children’s development, and home visiting interventions provide critical opportunities to mitigate this risk. Objective This study aimed to examine associations between participation in the Michigan Model of Infant Mental Health Home Visiting (IMH-HV) and both harsh parenting and child abuse potential. Participants and Setting Participants were 76 mothers and their infants/toddlers (M age = 9.9 months at baseline) receiving IMH-HV with Community Mental Health Service Provider agencies in Michigan. Methods Data were collected at baseline (shortly after initiation of services), and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post baseline assessment. Mothers provided demographic information and completed several questionnaire measures including the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAP). Harsh parenting was rated by a trained research assistant using subscales from the Home Observation of Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Treatment dosage was collected from IMH-HV clinicians. Results Mothers with higher numbers of IMH-HV visits showed lower levels of observed harsh parenting over the three time points in the study (estimate = 0.050, p = 0.002) and higher cumulative societal factors associated with oppression (SFAO) predicted higher harsh parenting over the three time points. A higher number of IMH-HV visits also predicted lower child abuse potential across the time points of the study (estimate = −0.78, p = 0.043), controlling for SFAO. Conclusions Participation in the Michigan Model of IMH-HV, delivered in the community, is associated with reductions in both harsh parenting and child abuse potential.
Dying Alone during a Pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented experience that has had profound impact and consequences for health care providers, visitation policies, and procedures. Hospitals and health care facilities were forced to implement changes to visitation policies, in an effort, to minimize transmission of the virus, which unfortunately had negative impact on patients' and family members' well-being as well as moral distress for the staff. Objectives: We present here a case illustration of the impacts of such a response to the pandemic situation at our institution, including challenges for uniformly implementing such a change along with suggestions to support patients during these difficult times. Conclusion: Health care facilities should make efforts to maintain balance between safety precautions and minimizing potential negative impacts on patients, families, and staff by implementing innovative measures to support ongoing communication and access to family support.
Nanoparticle-assisted detection of nucleic acids in a polymeric nanopore with a large pore size.

Abstract Rapid and accurate detection of nucleic acids is of paramount importance in many fields, including medical diagnosis, gene therapy and virus identification. In this work, by taking advantage of two DNA hybridization probes, one of which was immobilized on the surface of gold nanoparticles, while the other was free in solution, detection of short length nucleic acids was successfully achieved using a large size (20 nm tip diameter) polyethylene terephythalate (PET) nanopore. The sensor was sensitive and selective: DNA samples with concentrations at as low as 0.5 nM could be detected within minutes and the number of mismatches can be discerned from the translocation frequency. Furthermore, the nanopore can be repeatedly used many times. Our developed large-size nanopore sensing platform offers the potential for fieldable/point-of-care diagnostic applications.
Investigating the DNA binding and transactivation activity of rdyCRX as a molecular basis for retinal dysplasia in Felis catus (943.1)

In a pedigree developed from affected Abyssinian cats, an early onset rod-cone dysplasia (Rdy) was identified and demonstrates an autosomal dominant inheritance. This is an excellent model for inhe...
Patients' Behavioral Intentions toward Using WSN Based Smart Home Healthcare Systems: An Empirical Investigation

Advances in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have opened up new opportunities for healthcare systems. WSN based smart home healthcare systems (WSN-SHHS) represent innovations in the area of sensor technology that have promised to improve healthcare quality and to stem rising healthcare costs by facilitating effective patient-medical professional collaboration and smart information sharing, and increasing patients' health observability and remote monitoring. Most previous research on WSN-SHHS has focused on algorithm development and technical improvement. However, limited research has explored the factors influencing patients' adoption of WSN-SHHS, which are of equal importance for successful implementation of WSN-SHHS. To fill the knowledge gap, we contextualized UTAUT to the domain of WSN-SHHS. The model was tested using survey questionnaire. The empirical results confirm that performance expectancy, social influence, life quality expectancy, and cost expectancy have direct effects and effort expectancy has indirect effects on patients' behavioral intention to use WSN-SHHS. Several practical and theoretical implications of the research findings are discussed.
Purification and properties of adductor muscle phosphofructokinase from the oyster, Crassostrea virginica. The aerobic/anaerobic transition: role of arginine phosphate in enzyme control.

Phosphofructokinase from oyster (Crassostrea virginica) adductor muscle occurs in a single electrophorectic form at an activity of 8.1 μmol of product formed per minute per gram wet weight. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by a novel method involving extraction in dilute ethanol and subsequent precipitation with polyethylene glycol. Oyster adductor phosphofructokinase has a molecular weight of 3400000 ± 20000 as measured by Sephadex gel chromatography. Mg2+ or Mn2+ can satisfy the divalent ion requirement while ATP, GTP, or ITP can serve as phosphate donors for the reaction. Oyster adductor phosphofructokinase displays hyperbolic saturation kinetics with respect to all substrates (fructose 6-phosphate, ATP, and Mg2+) at either pH 7.9 or pH 6.8. The Michaelis constant for fructose 6 phosphate at pH 6.8. the cellular pH of anoxic oyster tissues, is 3.5 mM. In the presence of AMP, by far the most potent activator and deinhibitor of the enzyme, this drops to 0.70 mM. Many traditional effectors of phosphofructokinase including citrate. NAD(P)H, Ca2+, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, 3-phosphoglycerate, ADP, and phosphoenolpyruvate do not alter enzyme activity when tested at their physiological concentrations. Monovalent ions (K+, NH4+) are activators of the enzyme. ATP and arginine phosphate are the only compounds found to inhibit the adductor enzyme. The inhibitory action of both can be reversed by physiological concentrations of AMP (02–1.0 mM) and to a lesser extent by high concentrations of P, (20 mM) and aqdenosine 3′:5′-monophosphate (0.1 mM). The two inhibitors exhibit very different pH versus inhibition profiles. The Ki(ATP) decreases from 5.0 mM to 1.3 mM as the pH decreases from 7.9 to 6.8. whereas the Ki for arginine phosphate increases from 1.3 mM to 4.5 mM for the same pH drop. Of all compounds tested, only AMP, within its physiological range, activated adductor phosphofructokinase significantly at low pH values. The kinetic data support the proposal that arginine phosphate, not ATP or citrate, is the most likely regulation of adductor phosphofructokinase in vivo under aerobic, high tissue pH, conditions. In anoxia the depletion of arginine phosphate reserves and the increase in AMP concentrations in the tissue, coupled with the increase in the Ki for arginine phosphate brought about by low pH conditions, serves to activate phosphofructokinase to aid maintenance of anaerobic energy production.
Disorders of Thermoregulation

After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the major mechanisms of normal thermoregulation. Define heatstroke and list predisposing factors. Describe the clinical manifestations of heatstroke and its treatment modalities and goals. List the major factors that affect prognosis in heatstroke. Define malignant hyperthermia and list the ways in which it differs from heatstroke. Define hypothermia and differentiate the general clinical manifestations associated with declining core temperature. Describe various clinical procedures used to lower core temperature. Know the clinical significance of core temperature afterdrop, the situations in which it occurs, and ways to avoid it. Interpret arterial blood gas (ABG) results in a clinically useful manner.
Postsynaptic GABAB receptors in supraoptic oxytocin and vasopressin neurons.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the expression and function of postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA B ) receptors in magnocellular neurons, using a combination of in vitro patch-clamp recordings and immunohistochemical approaches. GABA B receptor is an unusual G-protein-coupled receptor, composed of two seven transmembrane domain subunits, GABA B R1 and GABA B R2, respectively. Heteromerization of these subunits results in a functional receptor at the cell surface. Immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of GABA B receptor subunits in identified oxtytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) neurons. Triple fluorescent immunohistochemical experiments were performed in 30 μm coronal hypothalamic brain slices obtained from Sprague–Dawley male and female rats. Antibodies raised against GABA B R1 and/or GABA B R2 receptor subunits were combined simultaneously with antibodies raised against OT and VP neurophysins. Colocalization of the three antibodies in individual supraoptic (SON) and paraventrieular nuclei (PVN) neurons was assessed. GABAB receptor subunit immunoreactivity was quantified using an optical density analysis. The electrical activity of SON neurons was recorded using the perforated patch-clamp configuration, which allows electrical access to the cell, preventing the dialysis of the intracellular environment. GABA B receptor immunoreactivity was significantly stronger in VP, as compared to OT neurons, suggesting that the expression of this receptor in the magnocellular neuroendocrine system is cell-type dependent.
Hα Imaging of Early-Type (Sa-Sab) Spiral Galaxies. I.*

Hα and continuum images are presented for 27 nearby early-type (Sa–Sab) spiral galaxies. Contrary to popular perception, the images reveal copious massive star formation in some of these galaxies. A determination of the Hα morphology and a measure of the Hα luminosity suggest that early-type spirals can be classified into two broad categories based on the luminosity of the largest H II region in the disk. The first category includes galaxies for which the individual H II regions have LHα < 1039 ergs s-1. Most of the category 1 galaxies appear to be morphologically undisturbed but show a wide diversity in nuclear Hα properties. The second category includes galaxies that have at least one H II region in the disk with LHα ≥ 1039 ergs s-1. All category 2 galaxies show either prominent dust lanes or other morphological peculiarities such as tidal tails, which suggests that the anomalously luminous H II regions in category 2 galaxies may have formed as a result of a recent interaction. The observations, which are part of an ongoing Hα survey, reveal early-type spirals to be a heterogeneous class of galaxies that are evolving in the current epoch. We have also identified some systematic differences between the classifications of spiral galaxies in the Second General Catalog and the Revised Shapley-Ames Catalog that may be traced to subtle variations in the application of the criteria used for classifying spiral galaxies. An examination of earlier studies suggests that perceptions concerning the Hubble-type dependence of star formation rates among spiral galaxies depends on the choice of catalog.
A comparison of effects of thermal injury and smoke inhalation on bacterial translocation.

In a chronic ovine model, we studied the development of bacterial translocation to the mesenteric lymph node, liver, spleen, kidney, and lung following: 1) sham injury (N=6), 2) cutaneous thermal injury (N=5), 3) cotton smoke inhalation injury (N=4), 4) combined thermal injury and smoke inhalation injury (N=7). Cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and plasma protein concentration were maintained within 10% of preinjury values. Urine output was maintained above 1 ml/kg/hour with fluid and plasma resuscitation. A wide-beam ultrasonic flow probe was chronically implanted to allow serial measurement of cephalic mesenteric arterial blood flow throughout the 48-hour experimental period
Insertion of Nitriles into a Zirconium−Iridium Heterobimetallic Complex: A Mechanistic Study

The reaction of Cp2Zr(μ-N-tBu)IrCp* (1) with nitriles (RC⋮N) yields the cyclometalated species Cp2Zr(μ-N-tBu)(μ-NC(H)(R)CH2-η5-C5Me4)Ir (R = C6H5 (2a), o-Et-C6H4 (2b), (p-CH3)C6H4 (2c), (p-CF3)C6H4 (2d), (p-MeO)C6H4 (2e), cyclopropyl (2f), CH(Me)2 (2g), NC(CH2)3 (2h)). An intermediate is observed in the reaction of 1 with cyanocyclopropane. This intermediate has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy as a tetramethylfulvene complex with a bridging alkylidene−amido moiety, Cp2Zr(μ-N-tBu)(μ-NCRH)(η5-C5Me4CH2)Ir (R = cyclopropyl; 3). Kinetic simulations were performed and provided evidence that the intermediate is productive. The reaction of 1 with 2-arylacetonitriles yields two noninterconvertible complexes: a cyclometalated species (4), analogous to complex 2, and the new olefinic species Cp2Zr(μ-N-tBu)(μ-N-CHCH(R)IrCp* (R = C6H5 (5a), R = (p-CF3)C6H4 (5b), R = (p-MeO)C6H4 (5c)). The reaction pathways for the formation of both 4 and 5 proceed through the fulvene complex 3; however, the product ratio 5:4 w...
Interaction between maternal effects and temperature affects diapause occurrence in the cricket Allonemobius socius

The induction of diapause can be adaptive for egg survival during unfavorable conditions, while direct development can be advantageous under favorable conditions by allowing additional generations to exploit abundant resources. Therefore, the physiological capability of a female to respond to environmental cues indicative of habitat quality by producing eggs of the appropriate developmental phenotype should be under strong selection. Additionally, developing embryos may alter the developmental trajectory initiated by the female in response to changing environmental conditions. In this study, we used a cross-fostering approach to isolate the maternal effects of parental diapause history (not previously studied) and egg-laying temperature from the influence of the incubation environment experienced by the developing embryo on the proportion of diapause eggs produced by the striped ground cricket, Allonemobius socius. We found that an interaction between egg-incubation temperature and parental diapause history strongly affected the proportion of diapause eggs produced and the proportion of eggs that hatched within a 16-18 day incubation period, while egg-laying temperature and all other interactions did not. These novel results indicate that embryos can respond directly to the environmental conditions they experience during development, but that their ability to do so is influenced by maternal effects such as parental diapause history. The results of this study not only provide evidence, for the first time, of parental diapause history affecting diapause proportions, but also raise additional questions about the mechanism by which environmental information is transmitted from parent to offspring and how offspring are able to respond to conditions experienced during their own development.
Location of the internal ribosome entry site in the 5′ non-coding region of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain binding protein (BiP) mRNA: evidence for specific RNA-protein interactions

The 220 nucleotide 5'non-coding region (5'NCR) of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) mRNA contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that mediates the translation of the second cistron in a dicistronic mRNA in cultured mammalian cells. In this study, experiments are presented that locate the IRES immediately upstream of the start-site AUG codon in the BiP mRNA. Furthermore, crosslinking of thiouridine-labeled BiP IRES-containing RNA to cellular proteins identified the specific binding of two proteins, p60 and p95, to the 3'half of the BiP 5'NCR. Interestingly, both p60 and p95 bound also specifically to several viral IRES elements. This correlation suggests that p60 and p95 could have roles in internal initiation of cellular and viral IRES elements.
The Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17): Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age.

Summary: Four studies are presented investigating the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age of the Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17). As to convergent validity, SDS-17 scores showed correlations between .52 and .85 with other measures of social desirability (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Lie Scale, Sets of Four Scale, Marlowe-Crowne Scale). Moreover, scores were highly sensitive to social-desirability-provoking instructions (job-application instruction). Finally, with respect to the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, SDS-17 scores showed a unique correlation with impression management, but not with self-deception. As to discriminant validity, SDS-17 scores showed nonsignificant correlations with neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and openness to experience, whereas there was some overlap with agreeableness and conscientiousness. With respect to relationship with age, the SDS-17 was administered in a sample stratified for age, with age ranging from 18 ...
Inoculation Techniques Used to Quantify Aflatoxin Resistance in Corn

The development of Aspergillus flavus inoculation techniques has played an important part in developing corn (Zea mays L.) germplasm resistant to aflatoxin contamination. Corn genotypes evaluated f...
Quantitative isolation of radiolabeled metabolites without chromatography: Measurements of the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and urea in isolated hepatocytes

Measurements of the incorporation of radiolabeled precursors into urea, orotic acid, uridine nucleotides, and adenine nucleotides were used to demonstrate the reliability of procedures for the isolation of metabolites by cocrystallization with carrier. Incorporation of precursor into product was carried out with suspensions of isolated hepatocytes. Direct isolation of each radiolabeled product was accomplished essentially by saturating aliquots of the acid-soluble fraction of the incubation mixture with carrier at elevated temperatures, and allowing the radiolabeled metabolite and carrier to cocrystallize as the solutions cooled. When [14C]NaHCO3 was employed as the precursor, the procedure permitted isolation of radiolabeled urea, orotic acid, and uridine nucleotides from the same incubation mixture. Evidence that the radiolabeled metabolite isolated with carrier was of the same chemical identity as the carrier was obtained by recrystallization to constant specific activity and also by the use of enzymes to remove the putative metabolite prior to cocrystallization. Conditions were varied to provide a range of rates of 8.4-fold, 180-fold, and 13-fold for the incorporation of [14C]NaHCO3 into urea, orotic acid, and uridine nucleotides, respectively, and the results of duplicate assays at six different rates over these ranges of activity showed individual determinations to differ from their means by 3.2 ± 1.0, 1.1 ± 0.3, and 3.3 ± 1.5% (average ± SE), respectively. The method of isolation by cocrystallization with carrier has proved inexpensive, reliable, and well suited to the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples. The advantages and limitations of these procedures over more conventional methods are discussed.
Electrophysiologic effects and clinical efficacy of mexiletine used alone or in combination with class IA agents for refractory recurrent ventricular tachycardias or ventricular fibrillation

Abstract The electrophysiologic effects and clinical efficacy of mexiletine used alone or in combination with class IA agents were studied in 35 patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation refractory to nonexperimental antiarrhythmic agents. At baseline before therapy, all patients had inducible VT by programmed stimulation (1 to 3 extrastimuli) and frequent (at least 30/hour) ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) during Holter monitoring. Mexiletine therapy was effective by programmed stimulation (VT no longer inducible or 15 or less beats) in 8 and ineffective in 27 patients. Twenty patients were discharged with mexiletine (14 of whom took an additional class IA agent). The discharge regimen was effective by programmed stimulation in 6 of these 20 patients. In 14 patients the discharge regimen was ineffective by programmed stimulation, but all patients had a marked reduction of ventricular ectopic activity (at least 83% reduction of VPCs and abolition of non sustained VT). During the follow-up period of 18 ± 13 months (mean ± standard deviation), 4 patients had recurrences (3 with an ineffective regimen by programmed stimulation and 1 with an effective regimen by programmed stimulation). Arrhythmia-free survival rates at 12 and 24 months were 86% and 77%, as determined by the Kaplan-Meier method, in patients with an ineffective regimen by programmed stimulation, and 80% and 80% in patients with an effective regimen by programmed stimulation (p = 0.979 by log rank test). This nonrandomized study suggests that in selected patients with inducible VT and frequent VPCs at baseline, persistent induction of VT by programmed stimulation during mexiletine therapy (alone or in combination with class IA agents) may not preclude good clinical outcome when it is accompanied by a marked reduction of spontaneous ventricular ectopic activity.
The Effect of Intermittent Slow-Release Sodium Fluoride and Continuous Calcium Citrate Therapy on Calcitropic Hormones, Biochemical Markers of Bone Metabolism, and Blood Chemistry in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

A detailed examination of calcitropic hormones and biochemical markers of bone turnover, serum chemistry, and blood hematology was performed in 75 postmenopausal women allocated to two groups: placebo plus calcium citrate (400 mg Ca B.I.D.) (n = 36) or intermittent slow-release sodium fluoride (SRNaF, 25 mg B.I.D.) plus calcium citrate (n = 39). After 2 years of therapy, a significant reduction in serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) was seen for both groups (43 +/- 18 SD-30 +/- 11 ng/liter, in placebo and 46 +/- 24-36 +/- 10, in SRNaF P < 0.0001 for both groups). Serum 1, 25(OH)2D significantly fell in placebo-treated patients (91 +/- 31-75 +/- 34 pmol/liter, P = 0.001) but did not change for SRNaF-treated patients. This difference in response between placebo and SRNaF-treated groups was significant, P = 0.005. Urinary hydroxyproline significantly declined during treatment in both groups (130 +/- 61-76 +/- 38 micromol/day, for placebo and 138 +/- 84-84 +/- 38 for SRNaF, P = 0.001). Similar decreases in urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen were also observed for both groups (305 +/- 192-252 +/- 197 nmoles BCE/day for placebo and 356 +/- 230-220 +/- 197, P = 0.0001 for SRNaF). Serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen (PICP) declined significantly in both the placebo and SRNaF groups (118 +/- 38-101 +/- 36 microg/liter, and 116 +/- 47-105 +/- 39, P = 0.0027). Serum osteocalcin did not change significantly for either group, but bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BS-ALPase), another marker of bone formation, demonstrated a significant fall in the placebo group at 2 years of therapy (16.2 +/- 6.7 U/liter-12.1 +/- 3.5, P = 0.009) and a small increase in the SRNaF-treated patients (13.0 +/- 4.1-15.0 +/- 4.5). The observed difference in response of BS-ALPase between the placebo and treated groups was significant (P = 0.007). There were no significant changes within or between treatment groups for blood hematology or serum chemistries. Mean values for all parameters remained within established normal ranges. These findings suggest that administration of calcium citrate inhibited PTH secretion and thereby reduced bone resorption in both groups, indicated by a decline in serum PTH, urinary hydroxyproline, and N-telopeptide. A low turnover state of bone may have been produced in the placebo group taking calcium citrate alone, since serum PICP, BS-ALPase, and 1,25(OH)2D also decreased. The addition of SRNaF prevented serum 1, 25(OH)2D from falling by an unknown mechanism. However, its anabolic action on the skeleton was best reflected by changes in BS-ALPase. Moreover, SRNaF appeared to exert no deleterious effects on blood chemistries or hematology during 2 years of administration.
Oxygen permeability of the lipid bilayer membrane made of calf lens lipids.

The oxygen permeability coefficient across the membrane made of the total lipid extract from the plasma membrane of calf lens was estimated from the profile of the oxygen transport parameter (local oxygen diffusion-concentration product) and compared with those estimated for membranes made of an equimolar 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (POPC/Chol) mixture and of pure POPC. Profiles of the oxygen transport parameter were obtained by observing the collision of molecular oxygen with nitroxide radical spin labels placed at different depths in the membrane using the saturation-recovery EPR technique and were published by us earlier (J. Widomska, M. Raguz, J. Dillon, E. R. Gaillard, W. K. Subczynski, Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1768 (2007) 1454–1465). At 35 °C, the estimated oxygen permeability coefficients were 51.3, 49.7, and 157.4 cm/s for lens lipid, POPC/Chol, and POPC membranes, respectively (compared with 53.3 cm/s for a water layer with the same thickness as a membrane). Membrane permeability significantly decreases at lower temperatures. In the lens lipid membrane, resistance to the oxygen transport is located in and near the polar headgroup region of the membrane to the depth of the ninth carbon, which is approximately where the steroid-ring structure of cholesterol reaches into the membrane. In the central region of the membrane, oxygen transport is enhanced, significantly exceeding that in bulk water. It is concluded that the high level of cholesterol in lens lipids is responsible for these unique membrane properties.
Preference Study Based on “Like Best” Choices for Photographic Slides of Anglo, Black, and Chicano Children

216 third- and sixth-grade Anglo, black, and Chicano school children indicated preferences for photographic slides of unfamiliar boys and girls from the same grade levels and ethnicities. Patterns of choice emerged, that is, photographs of some children were preferred significantly more often than others. Since pattern of choice was independent of ethnicity of subjects, however, it was concluded that attractiveness of photographic stimuli is not uniquely different among children of these ethnicities.
Coercivity of domain wall motion in thin films of amorphous rare earth-transition metal alloys

Computer simulations of a two‐dimensional lattice of magnetic dipoles are performed on the Connection Machine. The lattice is a discrete model for thin films of amorphous rare‐earth–transition‐metal alloys with application to erasable optical data‐storage systems. Simulated dipoles follow the dynamic equation of Landau, Lifshitz, and Gilbert under the influence of an effective magnetic field arising from local anisotropy, near‐neighbor exchange, classical dipole‐dipole interactions, and externally applied fields. By introducing several types of defects and inhomogeneities in the lattice, we show that the motion of domain walls can be hampered in various ways and to varying degrees.
Electrical characteristics of MOSFETs using low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited oxide

The electrical characteristics of MOSFETs and MOS capacitors utilizing thin (80-230 AA) low-pressure chemical-vapor-deposited (LPCVD) oxide films deposited at 12 AA/min are presented. MOSFETs using CVD oxides show good electrical characteristics with 70-90% of the surface mobility of conventional MOSFETs. The CVD oxides exhibit the same low leakage current and high breakdown fields as the thermal oxides, and significantly lower trapping and trap generation rates than thermally grown oxides. Interface state densities of >
An interview with Alan Kaufman

Dr. Alan Kaufman is one of the leading figures in intellectual and achievement testing alive today. With his wife Dr. Nadeen Kaufman, he has constructed the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (the K ABC), the Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Scale (the KAIT), the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (the KBIT), the Kaufman Test of Edu cational Achievement (K-TEA), and most recently, the Kaufman Survey of Early Academic and Language Skills (K-SEALS), the Kaufman Short Neuropsychological Assessment Procedure (K-SNAP), and the Kaufman Functional Academic Skills Test (K-FAST). Dr. Kaufman is currently Research Professor at the University of Ala bama. He has recently published Intelligent Testing with the WISC-III, and he is the author of the 1990 text, Assessing Adolescent and Adult Intelligence. The interview was conducted by phone to assist the third author with his master's thesis and to assist the first and second author with their re search in the assessment of learning disabilities. 1. Q. What new areas of assessment (for example, adaptive behavior or social skills) are you currently working on? A. The most recent things Nadeen and I have developed are the KAIT (Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test), which came out in 1993, and some brief instruments. We recently published the K-FAST (Kaufman Functional Academic Skills Test), which is a functional academic skills test for ages 15 and above. Another new test is the K-SNAP (Kaufman Short Neurological Assessment Procedure) (which is a brief neuropsychological assessment procedure), for ages 11 and above. So, basically, Nadeen and I have been concentrating in the area of adolescent and adult assessment. We are still mostly looking at cognitive abilities, but are also branching out a little bit with the K-FAST into other areas. We are looking at func
The company they keep: The influence of peer relationships on adjustment to cystic fibrosis during adolescence ☆ ☆☆

Abstract A grounded theory approach was used to explore the influence of peer relationships on adjustment to cystic fibrosis (CF) in 15 adolescents. Discovering the course was the core category that captured the influence of peers on adjustment to CF. Four subcategories were identified: (1) losing ground, (2) being out of the loop, (3) finding a new company of friends, (4) fighting a never-ending battle. The downward progression of CF and increasing social interactions with peers with CF during hospitalization helped them learn CF was a lifelong disease with relentless demands. Interventions should focus on strategies for promoting peer support, a positive attitude, and hope to create a sense of belonging, social competence, and well-being. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
Intellectual disability and mental health: is psychology prepared?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is threefold: to document the relationship between intellectual disability (ID) and psychopathology; to raise awareness of the ongoing lag in professional training for psychologists in the area of mental health treatment for people with intellectual disabilities; and, to provide recommendations for advancing professional education and, ultimately, adequate mental health treatment availability for people with intellectual disabilities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the literature on prevalence of mental health problems in people with intellectual disabilities. At the same time, the paper reviews the training of psychologists relative to the burgeoning growth in awareness of the mental health needs of people with intellectual disabilities. Findings – The paper concludes that ID is a significant risk factor for psychopathology. In addition, the paper concludes that the education of psychologists regarding the mental health needs of people with intellectua...
Relativd Efficacy of Carbenicillin Indanyl Sodium and of Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole in Urinary‐Tract Infections

: In a 10–day study, carbenicillin indanyl sodium cured urinary-tract infections in 22 of 30 patients (ages, 24–91). In 3 of the remaining patients the treatment was a failure; in 3 others the drug had to be discontinued because of diarrhea and vomiting; and in 2 instances it induced overgrowth of Candida albicans in the urine. Carbenicillin was lethal to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in all 9 cases, to Proteus mirabilis in all 6 cases, and to enterococcus in all 3 cases. A trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole combination cured urinary-tract infections in 18 of 30 other patients (ages, 28–91), but failed in 3. In 3 patients it gave rise to a skin rash; in 2 to elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels; in 1 to neutropenia; and in 1 to overgrowth of Candida albicans in the urine. Reinfection occurred in 2 patients. Carbenicillin indanyl sodium was more effective than the sulfonamide/trimethoprim combination.
Dynamics and Fine Structure of a Microburst

Abstract Details of the structure of a moderate reflectivity microburst were provided by dual-Doppler radar measurements during the Phoenix II convective boundary layer experiment. The dated allowed high resolution of the descending microburst in both time and space. Thermodynamic fields of virtual potential temperature and buoyancy retrieved from the radar measurements indicated that the downdraft was associated with a minimum in virtual potential temperature, rather than coinciding with a maximum in precipitation loading. The physical separation of the downdraft from the reflectivity maximum was especially pronounced during the later stages of the microburst and was partly due to the tilled reflectivity core descending more rapidly than the downdraft. The downdraft corms also descended at a rate slower than the magnitude of the maximum downdraft so that air was continually converging and entraining into the downdraft above the level of its peak value and was detraining and diverging below it. The retrie...
Cause Celebre: Georgetown University Hospital’s Journey to Magnet

Designation as a magnet organization by the American Nurses Credentialing Center is a coveted distinction for health care organizations. These organizations experience fewer problems with nurse recruitment and retention because they have been found to be good places to practice professional nursing. Better patient outcomes have also been documented in these organizations. In this article, the authors recount their 3-year experience leading an organization successfully to become the first magnet organization in the nation’s capitol. The magnet application and review process is linked to the core principles of organization development. The authors conclude with policy recommendations for other organizations that are just beginning their journey to achieving magnet status and with reflections on leadership and the value created by participating in the magnet program.
Nanoscale effects in devices based on chalcogenide solid solutions

Abstract Solid solutions of metals such as silver in arsenic trisulfide exhibit a variety of interesting characteristics, including the ability to bring the metal out of solution by electrodeposition. This allows voltage-controlled switching characteristics to be realized in two terminal devices which may be fabricated to nanoscale dimensions. In addition, surface electrodeposits may be formed and subsequently broken at grain boundaries to create structures that have adjustable current–voltage characteristics at low temperatures. This paper highlights some initial results of the characterization of nanoscale structures based on such solid solutions.
Spark-plasma-sintered BaTiO3/Al2O3 nanocomposites

Abstract Using spark plasma sintering (SPS), BaTiO3/Al2O3 nanocomposites were successfully consolidated to more than 99% of theoretical density at a sintering temperature as low as 1150 °C in only 3 min. The processing methods for these dense nanocomposites where the retained grain size of alumina matrix was in the nanometer level were developed. The maximum volume content of BaTiO3 in the nanocrystalline matrix for toughening was around 15 vol.%. A significant increase in fracture toughness up to 5.36 MPa1/2 has been achieved in the 7.5 vol.% BaTiO3/Al2O3 nanocomposite. The toughening mechanism might be related to ferroelastic domain switching of ferroelectric phase in these nanocomposites.
Occult hepatitis B viral DNA in liver carcinomas from a region with a low prevalence of chronic hepatitis B infection

Summary. Occult hepatitis B is defined by the presence of hepatitis B viral (HBV) DNA in the serum or liver in persons lacking hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the serum. A high prevalence of occult HBV has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from Asia, but little information is available on the prevalence of occult HBV in HCC from regions with a low prevalence of typical chronic hepatitis B infection. In a retrospective study, 19 cases of primary liver cancer were investigated for the presence of occult HBV DNA by amplification of the surface, core, and X gene. In addition, HBV copy numbers were quantitated by real time polymerase chain reaction, genotyped, and samples tested for covalently closed circular HBV DNA, which is a marker of active viral replication. Occult HBV was found in three of 19 cases (16%). Genotyping was successful in two cases, both of which were genotype A. HBV DNA copy numbers were low, all less than 10 copies/μg liver DNA. No closed circular HBV DNA was detected. Thus, in this study occult HBV was of genotype A and was found in a low percentage of cases of HCC and was associated with low tissue HBV DNA copy numbers and no detectable evidence for viral replication.
Interprofessional Education: Preparing Psychologists for Success in Integrated Primary Care

Rapidly occurring changes in the healthcare arena mean time is of the essence for psychology to formalize a strategic plan for training in primary care settings. The current article articulates factors affecting models of integrated care in Academic Health Centers (AHCs) and describes ways to identify and utilize resources at AHCs to develop interprofessional educational and clinical integrated care opportunities. The paper asserts that interprofessional educational experiences between psychology and other healthcare providers are vital to insure professionals value one another's disciplines in health care reform endeavors, most notably the patient-centered initiatives. The paper highlights ways to create shared values and common goals between primary care providers and psychologists, which are needed for trainee internalization of integrated care precepts. A developmental perspective to training from pre-doctoral, internship and postdoctoral levels for psychologists in integrated care is described. Lastly, a call to action is given for the field to develop more opportunities for psychology trainees to receive education and training within practica, internships and postdoctoral fellowships in primary care settings to address the reality that most patients seek their mental health treatment in primary care settings.
Effects of a cardio-selective beta-adrenergic blocking agent on the heart and coronary circulation.

ICI 50,172, a new β-adrenergic blocking agent, prevented the inotropic effects of intra-coronary isoprenaline, adrenaline, and noradrenaline. Small doses of ICI 50,172 sufficient to block the myocardial response to isoprenaline failed to block its coronary vasodilator action. Similar doses of ICI 50,172, which prevented the myocardial response to adrenaline or noradrenaline, blocked or reversed the coronary dilator effect of these agents.
The use of temperature biofeedback in the treatment of chronic pain due to causalgia.

A patient with chronic pain due to a reflex sympathetic dystrophy in his hand and arm was successfully treated with temperature biofeedback after several months of conservative standard medical care brought little relief. Over the 18 treatment sessions the patient learned to emit a reliable handwarming response of 1 to 1.5°C. Coincident with his learning, the pain in his hand and arm decreased markedly and remained absent at 1-year follow-up.
Content of weblogs written by health professionals.

Background Medical weblogs (“blogs”) have emerged as a new connection between health professionals and the public.
REPRESENTATIVE BUREAUCRACIES AND STUDENT DISCIPLINE IN AN URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICT

The impact and value of a bureaucracy's workforce that is racially representative of the clients served has been a volatile and debated subject. Looking at one policy output in a large urban school district, the administration of punishment and suspensions, this article examines the impact of racially balanced faculties on the discipline assigned to minority students. The policy importance of school discipline has been underscored by numerous studies and school desegregation programs. School discipline not only influences the political I social attitudes of students, but can influence access to the service of education itself through the selective use of suspensions and expulsions. In addition, despite inconclusive studies and extensive debates, many judicial decisions involving schools frequently identify the need for modified or reformed discipline systems. The evidence from this 50 school study provides inconclusive support for the idea that a representative bureaucracy will improve service equity. However, the presence of increased numbers of black faculty members is shown to influence the discipline given to black students. As a consequence, the conclusions discuss the policy importance of programs designed to make the racial characteristics of school bureaucracies more similar to the racial characteristics of the students in that school.
Helping Athletes Avoid: Hazardous Weight Control Behavior

(1988). Helping Athletes Avoid: Hazardous Weight Control Behavior. Strategies: Vol. 1, No. 5, pp. 21-24.
Mafic-silicic layered intrusions : the role of basaltic injections on magmatic processes and the evolution of silicic magma chambers

Plutonic complexes with interlayered mafic and silicic rocks commonly contain layers (1–50 m thick) with a chilled gabbroic base that grades upwards to dioritic or silicic cumulates. Each chilled base records the infusion of new basaltic magma into the chamber. Some layers preserve a record of double-diffusive convection with hotter, denser mafic magma beneath silicic magma. Processes of hybridisation include mechanical mixing of crystals and selective exchange of H2O, alkalis and isotopes. These effects are convected away from the boundary into the interiors of both magmas. Fractional crystallisation aad replenishment of the mafic magma can also generate intermediate magma layers highly enriched in incompatible elements.Basaltic infusions into silicic magma chambers can significantly affect the thermal and chemical character of resident granitic magmas in shallow level chambers. In one Maine pluton, they converted resident I-type granitic magma into A-type granite and, in another, they produced a low-K (trondhjemitic) magma layer beneath normal granitic magma. If comparable interactions occur at deeper crustal levels, selective thermal, chemical and isotopic exchange should probably be even more effective. Because the mafic magmas crystallise first and relatively rapidly, silicic magmas that rise away from deep composite chambers may show little direct evidence (e.g. enclaves) of their prior involvement with mafic magma.
The utility of indirect predictors of hepatitis C viremia.

Abstract Objective: Although the majority of injection drug users (IDUs) have been exposed to hepatitis C (HCV), only 60–85% remain chronically viremic and at risk for HCV-induced progressive liver damage or transmitting HCV to others. Access to direct viral testing to establish the presence or absence of viremia is limited due to its expense. This study of 500 current and former IDUs examines the utility of demographic and biochemical features as a means of indirectly predicting HCV viremia. Methods: Retrospective chart and laboratory review. Results: Overall, 409 (81.8%) were viremic at the time of presentation. HCV viremia did not correlate with the presence of active drug or alcohol use, drug of abuse, duration of drug use, or length of injecting career, but was more common in males and African-Americans. An elevated ALT, found in 36% of patients, was the best biochemical predictor: 95.6% of these patients were viremic. Other predictors of viremia included thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, elevated GGT, and total bilirubin level, with a stepwise increase in viremia seen as the number of abnormal biochemical predictors increased. The absence of HCV viremia was more difficult to predict. Viremia was found in 66.3% of those lacking all biochemical predictors and even in 43.8% of those in the lowest 10th percentile of ALT. Conclusion: Although indirect demographic and laboratory parameters may be used to help predict viremia in 40% of HCV-exposed IDUs, they are inadequate substitutes for direct viral testing and instead should be used only as an adjunct to education and referrals in high-risk patients.
Use of a modified microplate bioassay method to investigate antibacterial activity in the Peruvian medicinal plant Peperomia galioides

A versatile microplate bioassay for quick and sensitive determination of antibacterial activity was developed for use in screening medicinal plants and identification of their active principles. This assay can be used to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations for small quantities of organic or water-soluble plant extracts. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the stem and leaves of Peperomia galioides using this method found fractions containing grifolin and grifolic acid, which inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Charge-transfer mechanism for electrophilic aromatic nitration and nitrosation via the convergence of (ab initio) molecular-orbital and Marcus-Hush theories with experiments.

The highly disparate rates of aromatic nitrosation and nitration, despite the very similar (electrophilic) properties of the active species: NO+ and NO2+ in Chart 1, are quantitatively reconciled. First, the thorough mappings of the potential-energy surfaces by high level (ab initio) molecular-orbital methodologies involving extensive coupled-cluster CCSD(T)/6-31G** optimizations establish the intervention of two reactive intermediates in nitration (Figure 8) but only one in nitrosation (Figure 7). Second, the same distinctive topologies involving double and single potential-energy minima (Figures 6 and 5) also emerge from the semiquantitative application of the Marcus−Hush theory to the transient spectral data. Such a striking convergence from quite different theoretical approaches indicates that the molecular-orbital and Marcus−Hush (potential-energy) surfaces are conceptually interchangeable. In the resultant charge-transfer mechanism, the bimolecular interactions of arene donors with both NO+ and NO2...