cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Buccal Mucosal Epithelial Cells Downregulate CTGF Expression in Buccal Submucosal Fibrosis Fibroblasts

Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating fibrotic disease of the oral cavity and is a serious health hazard in south Asia and, increasingly, the rest of the world. The molecular basis behind various treatment modalities to treat OSMF still remains unclear. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro ability of the buccal mucosal cells to reduce the proliferation of the fibroblasts of the fibrotic area in co-culture of cells and also at the molecular levels to reduce the level of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the OSMF fibroblasts (SMF-F). The study compares isolation, morphological and proliferation kinetics of SMF-F and BMF cells with and without co-culturing with BMEs. In addition, we have compared the mRNA expression levels of CTGF in SMF-F co-cultured BME and non-co-cultured SMF-F cells using validated real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method. The basic morphological characteristics of SMF-F were similar to BMF, but the former cells had higher proliferation rate in early passages compared to late passage state. We also observed that the CTGF expression levels in SMF-F under co-culture conditions of BME were consistently and significantly downregulated in all four different SMF-F-derived cells from four different patients. Rapid proliferation and collagen synthesis in SMF-F as against BMF cells are the factors that confirm the innate nature of fibrosis fibroblasts (SMF-F). Further, the CTGF expression level in SMF-F was significantly suppressed by BME in co-culture conditions against controls (BMF). Considered together, this suggests that the cell therapeutic candidate of BME could be used in treating OSMF.
Change Agents or Cogs in the Machine? Female Managers and Unofficial Gender Equality in Federal Agencies

This article combines administrative personnel data with survey data to examine whether increases in female representation among the managerial ranks of federal agencies are associated with increas...
Preoperative Imaging Evaluation of Living Kidney Transplant Donors

Kidney transplantation is considered the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage renal disease and is associated with improved mortality rates compared to maintenance on dialysis [1]. Kidney donation may occur from living or deceased donors. While the overall demand for kidney grafts has grown, the number of deceased donor kidneys available for transplantation has not increased. Fortunately, the number of living donors has increased, especially in the United States, where kidneys from living donors comprise almost half of the kidney donors [2]. Kidneys from live donors can eliminate the considerable time (i.e., up to 10 years) that transplant candidates may have to wait for a deceased donor kidney and have significantly better short-term and long-term outcomes when compared with those from deceased donors [3]. For the live kidney donor, there can be profound psychosocial gain from the donation, which can help to justify the risk associated with the procedure. Because live donors are by definition very healthy individuals with an above-average life expectancy, the medical and psychosocial assessment of live donor candidates must adhere to very strict standards in order to minimize the short-term (i.e., perioperative) risk and long-term (e.g., chronic kidney disease) risk [4]. Potential kidney donors have an extensive review of their medical history, a thorough physical examination, and undergo extensive laboratory, cardiac, and imaging evaluations. If a donor has one kidney that is slightly abnormal or functions suboptimally, this kidney is generally transplanted to leave the donor with the “healthier” kidney. Any significant abnormalities in one of the donor candidate’s kidneys will generally preclude donation. Anatomical abnormalities that may affect the decision to proceed with donation include cortical scarring, renal cysts and masses, renal stones, duplicated collecting system, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and major arterial and venous anomalies and variants. Preoperative imaging plays a crucial role in the evaluation for these abnormalities and variants and must depict the renal vasculature to the highest possible detail [5].
A REPRESENTAÇÃO DO NEGRO NA LITERATURA INFANTIL BRASILEIRA

DOI:10.12957/periferia.2018.27988 O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa, que teve como foco a analise da trajetoria da representacao das personagens negras na producao literaria infantil brasileira, do inicio do seculo XX ate os primeiros anos do seculo XXI. Tivemos como objetivo a busca por obras que valorizassem a identidade afro-brasileira para um trabalho com africaneidades e relacoes sociais nas series iniciais do ensino fundamental. Percebemos que a literatura, como reflexo da sociedade, excluiu ou tratou os afrodescendentes de forma diferenciada ao longo de muitos anos na historia do Brasil. Considerando os pressupostos de autores como Sousa (2001), Gouvea (2005), Hunt (2010) e Silva e Silva (2011) para nortear nosso estudo, apresentamos resultados que demonstram como a representacao do negro na Literatura infantil passou por fases como omissao; estereotipacao; e deturpacao da imagem, do carater e inteligencia. Alem disso, analisamos algumas opinioes acerca da censura nos acervos literarios escolares e citamos exemplos de textos que podem ser explorados em um trabalho pedagogico preocupado com as relacoes etnicas no ambiente escolar.
Chunjie Zhang. Transculturality and German Discourse in the Age of European Colonialism: Evanston, IL: Northwestern UP, 2017. 252 pp

When Belgian photographer Bieke Depoorter (born 1986), working for the Magnum agency, finished a multiyear project photographing Egyptian women and children in domestic settings, she decided that, ...
Diagnosis, Prescription, Intervention, Evaluation, Advanced Academic Training, and College Student Success:

The Personal Background Preparation Survey (PBPS) identifies students at risk for academic nonadvancement. Uniquely, the PBPS produces individualized reports making evidence-based risk-specific rec...
Radiation and Other Physical Agents

This chapter addresses the evolving field of radiation pathology. The context for this is the extensive research in the literature describing pathologic lesions secondary to clinical irradiation as well as in light of the recent nuclear accident in Japan, coupled with the body of research associated with the many historical situations involving accidental or malicious release of ionizing radiation. The chapter approaches the subject in a biologically systematic fashion with an emphasis on the histopathological lesions incurred from acute and chronic irradiation, as well as viewed from the standpoint of immediate versus late effects. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the pathological effects of UV irradiation as well as the role of hyperthermia as both a treatment modality and an etiology in cases of combined injury from a nuclear accident.
PERCEPTION OF RECTAL DISTENSION IS NECESSARY TO PREVENT FECAL INCONTINENCE

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the perception of rectal distension, which is necessary to prevent fecal incontinence. External sphincter contraction is a voluntary response that has implications for the diagnostic assessment of incontinent patients. Failure to observe an external sphincter contraction following rectal distension may be a result of any of several causes such as sensory loss, motor impairment, motivation, and failure to learn. It is possible that some people, for example, patients with mental retardation, have never been taught to contract the external anal sphincter. Because all of these possibilities exist, diagnostic evaluation should include an assessment of sensory loss and an assessment of the strength of the external sphincter contraction when the patient is specifically told to squeeze voluntarily. Fecal incontinence, which occurs in institutionalized psychotic, senile, and retarded patients may be explained on the basis of social indifference, and biofeedback can be used effectively in the treatment of fecal incontinence.
Spatial Analysis of Climate and Winegrape Production in Winegrape Growing Regions of Oregon, United States of America

American Viticultural Areas (AVAs) are susceptible to small variations in climate and microclimates and are found within a narrow latitudinal range of prime climate conditions. These AVAs are geographically determined based on the best soil, climate, precipitation and temperature combinations for specific winegrape regions. As climate change continues to alter the local weather and the greater climate region of the Western United States, winegrape growing regions in Oregon are being affected. In an effort to determine what the pattern of change is, and compare previous studies of climate change using climate indices, a comparative study based in part on prior research was conducted. Using 800 meter resolution Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) climate datasets, four individual climate indices were analyzed for statistical correlation with the climate data. These climate indices are: growing degree-days (GDD), the average growing season temperatures (GST), Huglin Index (HI) and the biologically effective degree-day (BEDD). Based on currently available data for this research, these climate indices were statistically analyzed during the years 2000 to 2010. A further avenue of research included a statistical analysis of the reported winegrape production, although this data was available only at an aggregated countylevel. Results show that all four climate indices exhibit statistical significance, although the inclusion of the winegrape production data exhibited no statistical significance for
Representation Learning and Nature Encoded Fusion for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

Target detection based on heterogeneous sensor networks is considered in this paper. Fusion problem is investigated to fully take advantage of the information of multi-modal data. The sensing data may not be compatible with each other due to heterogeneous sensing modalities, and the joint PDF of the sensors is not easily available. A two-stage fusion method is proposed to solve the heterogeneous data fusion problem. First, the multi-modality data is transformed into the same representation form by a certain linear or nonlinear transformation. Since there is a model mismatch among the different modalities, each modality is trained by an individual statistical model. In this way, the information of different modalities is preserved. Then, the representation is used as the input of the probabilistic fusion. The probabilistic framework allows data from different modalities to be processed in a unified information fusion space. The inherent inter-sensor relationship is exploited to encode the original sensor data on a graph. Iterative belief propagation is used to fuse the local sensing belief. The more general correlation case is also considered, in which the relation between two sensors is characterized by the correlation factor. The numerical results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in heterogeneous sensor network fusion.
Lack of Correspondence between Genetic and Physical Distances in the Iso-1-Cytochrome c Gene of Yeast

It is necessary to study intragenic recombination at a locus for which the primary sequence analysis of the gene product is available if one wishes an unequivocal check on the positions of the mutant sites in the structural gene, as well as to uncover factors other than distance that might affect frequencies of genetic exchanges. The iso-1-cytochrome c gene of the bakers’ yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, therefore, is particularly suitable. Nucleotide sequences of numerous mutant codons have been identified from alterations in functional iso-1-cytochromes c produced by intragenic revertants, but all too often an order of cycl mutational sites establishable from mapping frequencies is not compatible with corresponding alterations in the sequence of amino-acid residues.
Asymptotic Normality and Exponential Bounds

This chapter examines the asymptotic properties of the singularly perturbed Markov chains αe(.) under weak irreducibility from another angle. The central theme here is on limit results of unscaled as well as scaled sequences of occupation measures, which include law of large numbers for an unscaled sequence, exponential upper bounds, and asymptotic normality of a suitably scaled sequence of occupation times. The study in Chapter 4 is on the probability distribution of αe(.) through the corresponding forward equation and is mainly a deterministic approach, whereas the current chapter is largely probabilistic in nature. It further exploits the deviation of the functional occupation times from its quasi-stationary distribution. We show the centered deviation having zero limit in probability, prove the convergence of a properly scaled and centered sequence of occupation times, characterize the limit process by deriving explicit formulae for the mean and covariance functions, and provide exponential bounds for the normalized process. It is worthwhile to note that the limit covariance function depends on the boundary layer terms, which is different from most of the existing results of central limit type.
Functional equivalence of stem cell and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle transplantation to repair the irradiated brain

Cranial radiotherapy, although beneficial for the treatment of brain tumors, inevitably leads to normal tissue damage that can induce unintended neurocognitive complications that are progressive and debilitating. Ionizing radiation exposure has also been shown to compromise the structural integrity of mature neurons throughout the brain, an effect believed to be at least in part responsible for the deterioration of cognitive health. Past work has shown that cranially transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) or their extracellular vesicles (EVs) afforded long-term beneficial effects on many of these cognitive decrements. To provide additional insight into the potential neuroprotective mechanisms of cell-based regenerative strategies, we have analyzed hippocampal neurons for changes in structural integrity and synaptic remodeling after unilateral and bilateral transplantation of hNSCs or EVs derived from those same cells. Interestingly, hNSCs and EVs similarly afforded protection to host neurons, ameliorating the impact of irradiation on dendritic complexity and spine density for neurons present in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampi 1 month following irradiation and transplantation. These morphometric improvements were accompanied by increased levels of glial cell-derived growth factor and significant attenuation of radiation-induced increases in postsynaptic density protein 95 and activated microglia were found ipsi- and contra-lateral to the transplantation sites of the irradiated hippocampus treated with hNSCs or hNSC-derived EVs. These findings document potent far-reaching neuroprotective effects mediated by grafted stem cells or EVs adjacent and distal to the site of transplantation and support their potential as therapeutic agents to counteract the adverse effects of cranial irradiation.
The effects of negative content in social networking profiles on perceptions of employment suitability

As a step toward further understanding the relationship between social networking content and perceptions of employment suitability, the present study assessed the impact of three examples of potentially negative content. Namely, this research focused on self‐absorption, opinionatedness, and alcohol and drug use, where a sample of 436 hiring managers evaluated experimentally manipulated hypothetical Facebook candidate profiles. The results demonstrated that content related to each construct had a negative impact on person–organization fit and overall candidate evaluation. Moreover, self‐absorption had the largest negative effect. There were also significant hiring manager age interaction effects. Older hiring managers more heavily weighted less opinionated content with respect to overall candidate evaluation and content without alcohol and drug use for person–organization fit.
Functional Outcomes of Tillaux and Triplane Fractures with 2 to 5 Millimeters of Intra-Articular Gap.

Background The treatment of transitional ankle fractures (Tillaux and triplane) is often dictated by the amount of displacement at the articular surface. Although >2 mm is a common indication for operative management, this practice has not been strongly supported by either the pediatric or adult literature. The purpose of this study was to determine whether operative treatment of transitional fractures with 2 to 5 mm of intra-articular gap leads to superior functional outcomes compared with cast management. Methods A retrospective review of all patients treated for distal tibial fractures at a single institution between 2009 and 2017 was conducted. Computed tomographic images obtained after closed reduction were reviewed to identify patients with 2 to 5 mm of displacement (either gap or step-off) at the articular surface of the tibial plafond. Complications were classified according to the modified Clavien-Dindo system. Only patients with functional outcome data (Foot and Ankle Ability Measure [FAAM]) at a minimum of 2 years after treatment were included. Two multivariable linear regression models were developed using backward stepwise regression with either the FAAM Sports score or the Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) Sports score as the dependent variables. Results Fifty-seven patients (34 with triplane fractures and 23 with Tillaux fractures) with a mean follow-up of 4.5 years (range, 2.0 to 9.2 years) met inclusion criteria. Thirty-four patients were treated operatively, and 23 patients were treated with closed reduction and cast application. Nonoperative treatment, greater intra-articular gap, and presence of a grade-III complication were associated with worse functional outcomes in both multivariable regression models. A gap after closed reduction remained a negative predictor of functional outcome even in patients who were treated operatively. Patients who were treated nonoperatively and had ≤2.5 mm of gap had a significantly higher mean SANE Sports score at 90% than those patients with >2.5 mm of gap at 75% (p = 0.03). Conclusions In Tillaux and triplane fractures with 2 to 5 mm of gap at the tibial plafond, a greater gap after closed reduction, nonoperative treatment, and complications were negative predictors of functional outcome at a mean follow-up of 4.5 years. Surgical management likely conveys the greatest functional benefit when the intra-articular gap exceeds 2.5 mm. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interpretation biases and depressive symptoms among anxiety-disordered children: The role of individual differences in respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

Individual differences in interpretation biases-the tendency to interpret ambiguous stimuli as threatening-partially explain the presence of comorbid depressive symptoms among anxious youth. Increasing efforts have examined physiological processes that influence the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in this population, and potential gender differences in this relationship. This study examined the moderating role of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) suppression (i.e., decrease from baseline)-an index of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity-in the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptoms in clinically anxious youth. One-hundred-and-five clinically anxious children (Mage = 10.09 years, SD = 1.22; 56.7% female; 61.9% racial/ethnic minority) completed measures of self-reported and behaviorally indexed interpretation biases, reported anxiety/depression symptom severity, and participated in a speech task. RSA suppression during the task moderated the association between interpretation biases and depressive symptom severity in the total sample. Separate exploratory moderation analyses were conducted among girls and boys. Among girls, RSA suppression moderated the association between behaviorally indexed interpretation biases and depressive symptoms, and marginally moderated (p = .067) the association between self-reported interpretation biases and depressive symptoms. Among boys, RSA suppression was not a significant moderator. These findings may help identify clinically anxious youth most at-risk for comorbid depressive symptoms.
Trikafta and Psychopathology in Cystic Fibrosis: A Case Report.

Abstract Introduction Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have a high prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms, ranging from 8-29% in children and adolescents and 13-33% among adults. There is also a correlation between their physical symptoms and quality of life. A fixed-dose triple combination tablet of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) correctors elexacaftor and tezacaftor, along with the CFTR potentiator ivacaftor (hereafter referred to as TrikaftaTM) has been developed to treat patients with at least one F5508del mutation. No psychiatric or sleep-related adverse events have been reported with this combination until now. Case Report Here we present a case of a female patient who experienced worsening depression, anxiety, and worsening sleep paralysis with hypnopompic hallucinations following initiation of Trikafta therapy for CF, and consequent improvement of psychiatric symptoms following discontinuation and decreased dosing. Discussion In a previous case series, worsening of anxiety and depressive symptoms has been reported with lumacaftor/ivacaftor. Extrapolating from animal studies investigating ivacaftor’s effects on serotonin receptors, we would expect potential improvement of anxiety and depressive symptoms with Trikafta. However, this was not the case and ivacaftor’s effects on 5-HT2A receptors and/or her worsening depression could have played a role in exacerbating our patient’s sleep paralysis. As our patient’s psychiatric symptoms improved with discontinuation of Trikafta and worsened again with re-initiation of Trikafta, we advocate appropriate screening for psychopathology in patients with CF before initiating Trikafta.
Quantifying Cognitive Load using EEG during Ambulation and Postural Tasks

Cognitive load may be an important outcome measure for the effectiveness of assistive devices such as prostheses and exoskeletons, but cognitive load is not adequately assessed in part due to the indirect physiological measures traditionally used for evaluation. Robust, direct measures are now available through mobile electroencephalography (EEG), but there are no standard protocols for measuring cognitive load during ambulatory and postural activities. Here we provide a proof-of-concept protocol for measuring cognitive load using an auditory oddball cognitive task to elicit P3 event-related potentials (ERP) during three tasks: sitting, standing, and walking on a treadmill. Our results show that this protocol successfully elicited P3 in each task, with as little as 5 minutes of data collection per task. We found a difference in P3 during sitting and walking after approximately 30 minutes of task completion, indicating that the cognitive load of walking was higher than that of sitting (p = .012).
Switch-stacks: A scheme for microtasking nested parallel loops

The authors discuss run-time microtasking support for executing nested parallel loops on a shared-memory multiprocessor system, and present a scheme called switch-stacks for implementing such support. They first discuss current approaches to flat microtasking, and investigate how to extend these to full microtasking. They point out the problem of dummy waiting in the processor that initiates a parallel loop. To solve this problem, two schemes, dequeue-tasks and dequeue-descendant-tasks, are considered, and their disadvantages are discussed. The proposed switch-stack scheme perfectly solves the problem. These schemes have been implemented in the PARCEL run-time system. The results show that the new scheme nearly always achieves the best performance in execution time and stability.
A desert songbird with no confamilials in the Western Hemisphere (Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps) investigates divergent conspecific songs

Most birds that show geographic variation in their songs discriminate between local and foreign songs, which may help them avoid unnecessary conflicts with vagrant individuals or similar-sounding congeners. However, some species respond equally to foreign and local songs, which may be useful if foreign individuals present territorial threats or if there are no sympatric congeners to avoid. Species without sympatric congeners are not commonly tested in playback studies, but they offer an opportunity to see how song variation and recognition unfolds when the pressure to avoid similar congeners is absent. Here, we use Verdins (Auriparus flaviceps), a monotypic genus of songbird with no confamilials in North America, to explore song variation and recognition in a species living without close relatives. We assessed geographic variation in song across the Verdin range and conducted a playback experiment using exemplars from 2 acoustically divergent and geographically distant regions as treatments. We found significant geographic variation in song that mapped well onto ecologically distinct desert regions. We found that Verdins had stronger vocal responses to local-sounding songs, but had equal movement responses to local-sounding and foreign songs. These results are similar to results found in other species without sympatric congeners and provide an example of a species that investigates acoustically divergent conspecific songs, despite recognizing salient differences in those songs.LAY SUMMARYMany songbirds have geographic variation in their songs. Most species prefer songs that sound local, or familiar, but some will respond to foreign songs just as readily as they respond to local songs.This may be more likely if there are no similar-sounding relatives around, and therefore no risk of mistaken identity.Few species without close relatives have been studied, so we study one that is also a desert specialist, the Verdin (Auriparus flaviceps).We found that Verdins have geographic variation in song that mapped well onto large desert habitat regions, and they sing less to playbacks of songs from distant regions.However, despite recognizing salient differences in foreign songs, they are just as likely to approach foreign songs as local-sounding songs, as are other species that live without close relatives.When close relatives are absent, birds may be more permissive in what they consider a song worth investigating.
Working with the Flu: The Association Between Auditor Health and Audit Outcomes

This study examines whether influenza (flu), a potential threat to the conduct of public company audits, is associated with audit outcomes. Because the peak months of flu season overlap with audit busy season, audit offices most impacted by the flu may be adversely affected. The demanding nature of audit busy season and the culture of audit firms may compel employees to go to work sick, a phenomenon known as presenteeism. When auditors go to work with flu-like symptoms, cognitive functioning, resulting in brain fog, is impaired. This impairment may influence auditors’ ability to exercise judgment and professional skepticism, leading to adverse outcomes. Using data collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) we find that the filing of audit reports is delayed and audit quality suffers in audit offices most impacted by the flu. The observed effects of health impairments on company outputs have broad implications for both the audit profession and workplaces as a whole.
Cloud, Aerosol, and Radiative Properties Over the Western North Atlantic Ocean.

This study examines the atmospheric properties of weather states (WSs) derived from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) over the Western North Atlantic Ocean. In particular, radiation and aerosol data corresponding to two sites in the study domain, Pennsylvania State University and Bermuda, were examined to characterize the atmospheric properties of the various satellite-derived WSs. At both sites, the fair weather WS was most prevalent, followed by the cirrus WS. Differences in the seasonality of the various WSs were observed at the two sites. Fractional sky cover and effective shortwave cloud transmissivity derived from ground-based radiation measurements were able to capture differences among the satellite-derived WSs. Speciated aerosol optical thicknesses (AOT) from the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) were used to investigate potential differences in aerosol properties among the WSs. The clear sky WS exhibited below-average seasonal values of AOT at both sites year-round, as well as relatively high rates of occurrence with low AOT events. In addition, the clear sky WS showed above-average contributions from dust and black carbon to the total AOT year-round. Finally, transitions between various WSs were examined under low, high, and mid-range AOT conditions. The most common pathway was for the WSs to remain in the same state after a 3 hr interval. Some WSs, such as midlatitude storms, deep convection, middle top, and shallow cumulus, were more prevalent as ending states under high AOT conditions. This work motivates examining differences in aerosol properties between WSs in other regions.
The Physiology and Biogeochemistry of SUP05.

The SUP05 clade of gammaproteobacteria (Thioglobaceae) comprises both primary producers and primary consumers of organic carbon in the oceans. Host-associated autotrophs are a principal source of carbon and other nutrients for deep-sea eukaryotes at hydrothermal vents, and their free-living relatives are a primary source of organic matter in seawater at vents and in marine oxygen minimum zones. Similar to other abundant marine heterotrophs, such as SAR11 and Roseobacter, heterotrophic Thioglobaceae use the dilute pool of osmolytes produced by phytoplankton for growth, including methylated amines and sulfonates. Heterotrophic members are common throughout the ocean, and autotrophic members are abundant at hydrothermal vents and in anoxic waters; combined, they can account for more than 50% of the total bacterial community. Studies of both cultured and uncultured representatives from this diverse family are providing novel insights into the shifting biogeochemical roles of autotrophic and heterotrophic bacteria that cross oxic-anoxic boundary layers in the ocean. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science, Volume 14 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Computationally Efficient Partitioned Modeling of Inverter Dynamics with Grid Support Functions

With the advancement in power electronics technology and grid standards, traditional converters are being supplemented with the new IEEE 1547-2018 standard based grid support functions (GSFs) to support power system voltage and frequency. Inverter dynamics in power systems vary with different modes of operation, thus new modeling methods for proper system planning, operation, and dispatch are required. This work presents a data-driven approach for partitioned dynamic modeling of inverters to speed up simulation time and reduce computational complexity while ensuring acceptable accuracy. The proposed method was tested for a smart inverter with voltage support (Volt-VAr function) on a two-bus system considering dynamic residential loads, and the results showed a four-time speedup in simulation time compared to the use of the detailed model with acceptable levels of accuracy.
Educative Expert Testimony: A One-Two Punch Can Affect Jurors' Decisions: EDUCATIVE EXPERT TESTIMONY

The present research examined whether different types of educative expert testimony can increase mock jurors' knowledge of problems associated with hearsay witnesses and decrease guilty verdicts. Studies 1 (N = 304 college students) and 2 (N = 196 college students) varied the length and types of expert testimony in a trial transcript. While all types of expert testimony did inform mock jurors' knowledge, guilty verdicts decreased when multiple problems with hearsay were presented. The length of the testimony had no effect on verdict. The results suggest that experts who present multiple problems with hearsay testimony are more likely to impact guilty decisions than is no expert or an expert who presents only one problem.
Vessel Wall Characteristics of Bilateral and Unilateral Moyamoya Syndrome Using High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging (P3.112)

Objective: To identify the utility of high-resolution 3- tesla magnetic resonance imaging in Moyamoya disease. Background: Moyamoya disease is characterized by progressive bilateral stenosis and occlusion of the intracranial portion of the internal carotid artery leading to abnormal vascular network of collateralization. Unilateral angiographic Moyamoya patterns do not meet the Moyamoya disease diagnostic criteria, and some go on to develop bilateral disease. We used a high-resolution 3-Tesla magnetic resonance (HR-MR) vessel wall imaging protocol to characterize the intracranial vessel walls. Methods: After IRB approval, the HR-MR database at Cleveland Clinic was retrospectively reviewed for cases of intracranial stenoses diagnosed under age 40 years. By clinical and angiographic assessment without HR-MRI information, patients were classified into Moyamoya disease or unilateral angiographic Moyamoya pattern. Data regarding demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory testing and imaging studies were collected. HR-MRI was performed with gadolinium contrast on a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Results: Out of 150 patients in HR-MRI database, 6 patients met the above diagnostic criteria. In 4 patients with Moyamoya disease HR-MRI showed patchy and mild vessel wall enhancement in regions of significant stenoses. Two patients with unilateral occlusive disease with Moyamoya - like collaterals showed mild focal enhancement in the native vessels along with focal narrowing, similar to Moyamoya disease. Conclusion: Moyamoya disease patients have a mild and patchy vessel wall enhancement along with wall-thickening pattern on HR-MR, consistent with other reports of HR-MR in Moyamoya disease. Our study indicates unilateral angiographic Moyamoya has the same wall characteristics as Moyamoya disease, suggesting the same underlying process. Disclosure: Dr. Cerejo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jones has nothing to disclose. Dr. Obusez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uchino has nothing to disclose.
On plethysm conjectures of Stanley and Foulkes: The 2 × n case

We prove Stanley's plethysm conjecture for the $2 \times n$ case, which composed with the work of Black and List provides another proof of Foulkes conjecture for the $2 \times n$ case. We also show that the way Stanley formulated his conjecture, it is false in general, and suggest an alternative formulation.
Pathological characterization of unifocal prostate cancers in whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimens.

Study Type – Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4 What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Focality in prostate cancer has been characterized in the literature with regards to its incidence at the time of prostatectomy, but conflicting reports defining the biological significance of unifocal lesions limits its clinical utility. Through the detailed histopathological characterization of 176 unifocal prostate cancers, this study revealed these tumours to demonstrate intermediate or high grade disease in half of patients, with adverse pathological features such as extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle invasion, lymph node invasion, and large tumour volume in a third. This limits the ability of focality alone to identify patients who might be suitable candidates for lesion-ablative therapies. OBJECTIVE • To characterize the anatomical distribution and pathological features of unifocal cancers, which have been reported to occur in 17–33% of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), in whole- mount prostatectomy specimens. PATIENTS AND METHODS • Between 1999 and 2008, a retrospective review of 1274 patients undergoing RP for clinically localized prostate cancer with pathological evaluation using whole-mount sectioning techniques and tumour mapping was performed from our prospective database. • The study cohort comprised those patients who were found to have unifocal tumours. RESULTS • A total of 176 (14%) patients fulfilled our criteria for having unifocal tumours. The median age at time of surgery was 61 years. The mean preoperative PSA level was 8.6 ng/mL. • In all, 28% of patients were identified as having extracapsular extension (ECE) and 11% had seminal vesicle invasion (SVI). • Of 98 patients undergoing pelvic lymph dissection, six (6%) had positive lymph nodes; 49% of tumours had Gleason score ≥7 and 60% had Gleason pattern 4 or 5 found within the tumour. • Mean tumour volume and maximum diameter were 3.3 mL and 1.7 cm, respectively. Overall, 89 (51%) tumours qualified as localized, organ-confined and low-grade cancers, possibly amenable to focal ablative approaches. • The limitations of the present study include its descriptive and retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS • While unifocal prostate cancers were most commonly localized to the prostate, half of these patients were associated with intermediate- or high-grade disease. • High-risk features including ECE, SVI, lymph node invasion (LNI), and large tumour volume were identified in a third of patients. • Further studies assessing predictors beyond focality will be needed to determine whether patients can be identified before surgery who might be suitable candidates for lesion-ablative therapies.
Implementing privacy dimensions within an electronic storefront

Many electronic businesses will attempt to distinguish themselves from their competition and gain a competitive advantage by customizing their Web sites, in order to build a strong relationship with their customers. This will require the collection and use of personal information and data concerning the customer's online activities. Although new technologies provide an opportunity for enhanced collection, storage, use, and analysis of this data, concerns about privacy may create a barrier for many electronic businesses. For example, studies suggest that many people have yet to shop or provide personal information online due to a lack of trust. Moreover, many others tend to fabricate personal information. To this end, many electronic businesses have attempted to ease customers' concerns about privacy by posting privacy policies or statements, or by complying with a particular seal program. Recently, the Federal Trade Commission has proposed four privacy dimensions that promote fair information practices. These dimensions include: (1) notice/ awareness, (2) access/participation, (3) choice/consent, and (4) security/ integrity. An electronic storefront was developed to include these privacy dimensions as part of a study to learn how privacy influences trust and, in turn, how trust influences behavioral intentions to purchase online. The empirical evidence from this study strongly suggests that electronic businesses can benefit by including these privacy dimensions in their Web sites. This chapter will focus on how these dimensions can be implemented within an electronic storefront.
Effects of tungstate polymerization on tungsten(VI) adsorption on ferrihydrite

Abstract Tungsten (W) is expected to adsorb to soil minerals, but does not appear to do so in many environments. To explain this behavior, adsorption experiments were performed over a variety of W(VI) solution compositions with different extents of W polymerization, on ferrihydrite. Tungsten adsorption was more extensive at circumneutral pHs and in systems with lower W(VI) concentrations, conditions under which tungstate rather than polytungstate was stable or the transformation to polytungstates was inhibited. Polytungstates are not as particle-reactive as tungstate monomers. Silicate and phosphate suppressed W(VI) adsorption. At high pHs, their impact resulted from competitive adsorption; at pH 4–7, suppressed adsorption was attributed to incorporation of tungstate into polyoxometalates (POMs). Systems containing phosphotungstate (a model POM) exhibited limited adsorption initially, but adsorption increased over time as phosphotungstate depolymerized. The structure of adsorbed W(VI) was examined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, which suggested that tungstates often represented the bulk of adsorbed W(VI), even when POMs were the primary species in solution. Many polytungstates and POMs are metastable; the slow transformations between POMs and tungstate could affect adsorption over extended periods. Adsorption kinetic data confirmed that W(VI) adsorption could take more than 2 months to reach equilibrium. The results suggest that tungstate polymerization can significantly decrease W adsorption, and thereby potentially mobilize it in the environment.
Objectives and Progress on Ground Vibration Testing for the Ares Launch Vehicles

NASA has conducted dynamic tests on each of its major launch vehicles during the past 45 years. Each test has provided invaluable data to correlate and correct analytical models used to predict structural responses to differing dynamics for these vehicles. With both Saturn V and Space Shuttle, hardware changes were also required to the flight vehicles to ensure crew and vehicle safety. The Ares I IVGVT will undoubtedly provide similar valuable test data to support successful flights of the Constellation Program. The IVGVT will provide test determined natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping for the Ares I. This data will be used to support controls analysis by providing this test data to reduce uncertainty in the models. The value of this testing has been proven by past launch vehicle successes and failures. Performing dynamic testing on the Ares vehicles will provide confidence that the launch vehicles will be safe and successful in their missions. In addition, IVGVT will provide the following benefits for the Ares rockets: a) IVGVT data along with Ares development flights like Ares I-X, Ares I-Y, Ares I-X Prime, and Orion-1 or others will reduce the risk to the Orion-2 crew. IVGVT will permit anchoring the various analytical and operational models used in so many different aspects of Ares operations. b) IVGVT data will permit better understanding of the structural and GN&C margins of the spacecraft and may permit mass savings or expanded day-of-launch opportunities or fewer constraints to launch. c) Undoubtedly IVGVT will uncover some of the "unknown unknowns" so often seen in developing, launching, and flying new spacecraft vehicles and data from IVGVT may help prevent a loss of vehicle or crew. d) IVGVT also will be the first time Ares I flight-like hardware is transported, handled, rotated, mated, stacked, and integrated. e) Furthermore, handling and stacking the IVGVT launch vehicle stacks will be an opportunity to understand certain aspects of vehicle operability much better (for example, handling procedures, touch-labor time to accomplish tasks, access at interfaces, access to stage mating bolts, access to avionics boxes, access to the Interstage, GSE functionality, and many other important aspects of Ares I operability). All of these results will provide for better vehicle safety and better stewardship of national resources as NASA begins its next phase of human space exploration.
Nyström discretization of an augmented electric field integral equation with magnetic field constraint

The locally corrected Nystrom (LCN) discretization of an augmented electric field integral equation (AEFIE) can partially overcome the low frequency breakdown problem inherent in the conventional electric field integral equation (EFIE). The LCN AEFIE is frequency stable and provides accurate and high-order solutions for the electric field. However, the magnetic field computed using the AEFIE at low frequencies is incorrect. A similar situation was recently encountered in developing a new EFIE-based formulation that relies on a globally constrained Helmholtz decomposition (HD) (EFIE-hd) of the current. In the latter case, it was found that introducing an additional constraint on the normal component of the magnetic field was sufficient to obtain accurate H-fields at all frequencies. This presentation will demonstrate that a similar strategy can be used with an AEFIE-type formulation to obtain accurate solutions for the electric current and the magnetic field while also improving the conditioning of the formulation.
A 610 kb YAC clone harbors 7 cM of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) DNA that includes the male sterile 14 gene and a hotspot for recombination.

Pollen development requires both sporophytic and gametophytic gene expression. We are using a map-based cloning technique to isolate sporophytic genes which, when mutant, cause pollen abortion and a male sterile (ms) phenotype in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). We have genetically characterized onems locus (ms14) using RFLP analysis and identified flanking markers. High-resolution genomic physical mapping indicates that thems14 locus is located in a ∼300 kb region. We have identified a YAC clone with an insert size of ∼610 kb that contains thems14-linked markers, reflects the organization of the physical map and therefore most probably contains thems14 gene. In addition, we present evidence that the relationship between physical and genetic distance in this chromosomal region changes abruptly from ∼105–140 kb/cM to less than 24 kb/cM, and suggest that the TG393-TG104 region is a hotspot for recombination.
Kinetics of the Yeast Cystathionine β-Synthase Forward and Reverse Reactions: Continuous Assays and the Equilibrium Constant for the Reaction†

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes a β-replacement reaction in which the hydroxyl group of serine (l-Ser) is displaced by the thiol of homocysteine (l-Hcys) to form cystathionine (l-Cth) in the first step of the trans-sulfuration pathway. A new continuous assay for the forward reaction, employing cystathionine β-lyase and l-lactate dehydrogenase as coupling enzymes, is described. It alleviates product inhibition by l-Cth and revealed that the values for (1.2 mM) and for substrate inhibition by l-Hcys ( = 2.0 mM) are lower than those previously reported. A continuous, 5,5‘-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-based assay for the CBS-catalyzed hydrolysis of l-Cth to l-Ser and l-Hcys provides a tool for investigation of the reverse reaction (kcatR = 0.56 s-1, = 0.083 mM). The catR/ versus pH profile of ytCBS is bell-shaped with a pH optimum of 8.3, and the pKa values for the acidic and basic limbs are 8.05 and 8.63, respectively. The latter is assigned ...
Disclosure of a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder.

Objective:Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of 1%–2% in the general population. BPD also has the potential to cause significant distress in the lives of patients with BPD and their families. The diagnosis of BPD, however, is often withheld from
Harvest Timing, Transhumance, and the Process of Domestication1

The structures which control harvesting qualities are critical in the domestication and improvement of many plants. Imperfect timing of harvests, an essential characteristic of transhumant hunting and gathering, puts heavy selective pressure on the genetic factors which control maturation and harvesting qualities. Genetic variants are most likely to be transported to new habitats under conditions of low latitude, mountain transhumance. The beginnings of American agriculture appear to coincide in time and area with such lifeways.