cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Is a Microbial Culture “Pure”? Persistent Cryptic Contaminant Escapes Detection Even with Deep Genome Sequencing

ABSTRACT Geobacter sulfurreducens strain KN400 was recovered in previous studies in which a culture of the DL1 strain of G. sulfurreducens served as the inoculum in investigations of microbial current production at low anode potentials (−400 mV versus Ag/AgCl). Differences in the genome sequences of KN400 and DL1 were too great to have arisen from adaptive evolution during growth on the anode. Previous deep sequencing (80-fold coverage) of the DL1 culture failed to detect sequences specific to KN400, suggesting that KN400 was an external contaminant inadvertently introduced into the anode culturing system. In order to evaluate this further, a portion of the gene for OmcS, a c -type cytochrome that both KN400 and DL1 possess, was amplified from the DL1 culture. HiSeq-2000 Illumina sequencing of the PCR product detected the KN400 sequence, which differs from the DL1 sequence at 14 bp, at a frequency of ca. 1 in 10 5 copies of the DL1 sequence. A similar low frequency of KN400 was detected with quantitative PCR of a KN400-specific gene. KN400 persisted at this frequency after intensive restreaking of isolated colonies from the DL1 culture. However, a culture in which KN400 could no longer be detected was obtained by serial dilution to extinction in liquid medium. The KN400-free culture could not grow on an anode poised at −400 mV. Thus, KN400 cryptically persisted in the culture dominated by DL1 for more than a decade, undetected by even deep whole-genome sequencing, and was only fortuitously uncovered by the unnatural selection pressure of growth on a low-potential electrode. IMPORTANCE Repeated streaking of isolated colonies on solidified medium remains a common strategy for obtaining pure cultures, especially of difficult-to-cultivate microorganisms such as strict anaerobes. The results presented here demonstrate that verifying the purity of cultures obtained in this manner may be difficult because extremely rare variants can persist, undetectable with even deep genomic DNA sequencing. The only way to ensure that a culture is pure is to cultivate it from an initial single cell, which may be technically difficult for many environmentally significant microbes.
Plant Functional Groups in Alpine Fellfield Habitats of the White Mountains, California

Abstract An alpine fellfield community on granite substrate (elevation 3750 m) near the University of California Barcroft Laboratory in the White Mountains of eastern California was studied during the 2000 growing season to determine whether classic perennial life forms can be treated as plant functional groups. A series of 1-m2 quadrat samples were measured to determine common species. The four species with greatest cover were Penstemon heterodoxus var. heterodoxus, Trifolium andersonii var. beatleyae, Poa glauca subsp. rupicola, and Eriogonum ovalifolium var. nivale. These and four additional common perennial species were selected for ecophysiological studies representing four distinct ecological life forms: chamaephytes, cushion plants (including mat formers), herbaceous dicot perennials, and graminoid perennials. Summer midday leaf temperatures for species with foliage held close to ground surface were up to 20°C higher than air temperatures, whereas on upright species, leaves away from the ground sur...
A Legal Overview of Utah's H.B. 148 – The Transfer of Public Lands Act

Recent legislation passed in March 2012 in the State of Utah – the “Transfer of Public Lands Act and Related Study,” (“TPLA”) also commonly referred to House Bill 148 (“H.B. 148”) – has demanded that the federal government, by December 31, 2014, “extinguish title” to certain public lands that the federal government currently holds (totaling an estimated more than 20 million acres). It also calls for the transfer of such acreage to the State and establishes procedures for the development of a management regime for this increased state portfolio of land holdings resulting from the transfer.The State of Utah claims that the federal government made promises to it (at statehood when the federal government obtained the lands) that the federal ownership would be of limited duration and that the bulk of those lands would be timely disposed of by the federal government into private ownership or otherwise returned to the State. Longstanding precedents support the theory that Utah’s Enabling Act is a bilateral compact between the State and the federal government that should be treated like it is, and interpreted as, a binding contractual agreement.Utah’s TPLA presents fascinating issues for the areas of public lands, natural resources, federalism, contracts, and constitutional law. It represents a new chapter in the long book of wrangling between states in the west and the federal government over natural resources and public lands ownership, control, and management. The impact is potentially considerable – thirty-one percent of our nation’s lands are owned by the federal government and 63.9 percent of the lands in Utah are owned by the federal government. This White Paper provides an overview of the legal arguments on both sides of the TPLA debate. In the end, there is a credible case that rules of construction favor an interpretation of the Utah Enabling Act that includes some form of a duty to dispose on the part of the federal government. At a minimum, the legal arguments in favor of the TPLA are serious and, if taken seriously, the TPLA presents an opportunity for further clarification of public lands law and the relationship between the states and the federal government regarding those lands. Moreover, as other states are exploring similar avenues to assert their claims vis-a-vis the federal government and are in various stages of developing land transfer strategies that will model or learn from the TPLA. That fact further underscores the need for a renewed serious and informed legal discussion on the issues related to disposal obligations of the federal government. This White Paper takes a first step into that discussion.
Measurement and modeling of polarized specular neutron reflectivity in large magnetic fields

The presence of a large applied magnetic field removes the degeneracy of the vacuum energy states for spin-up and spin-down neutrons. For polarized neutron reflectometry, this must be included in the reference potential energy of the Schrodinger equation that is used to calculate the expected scattering from a magnetic layered structure. For samples with magnetization that is purely parallel or antiparallel to the applied field which defines the quantization axis, there is no mixing of the spin states (no spin-flip scattering) and so this additional potential is constant throughout the scattering region. When there is non-collinear magnetization in the sample, however, there will be significant scattering from one spin state into the other, and the reference potentials will differ between the incoming and outgoing wavefunctions, changing the angle and intensities of the scattering. The theory of the scattering and recommended experimental practices for this type of measurement are presented, as well as an example measurement.
What Was Cancer? Definition, Diagnosis and Cause

Published in 1721, Nathan Bailey’s Universal Etymological English Dictionary demonstrates the complexity of early modern perceptions of, and terms for, cancerous disease. In Bailey’s definitions, cancer slips between identification by its prognosis, origins and stage. Not everything that looks like a cancer is a cancer — ‘Carcinodes’ merely imitates that disease — but it is unclear on what basis one can differentiate between ‘real’ and false cancers, or spot a cancer in the first place. Moreover, Bailey’s dictionary only scratched the surface of the variance seen in texts discussing cancer, which included differences in terminology and definition almost as numerous as those who wrote them down. The project of this chapter, therefore, is to determine how we should understand early modern cancer(s). Can we treat ‘cancer’ as a single disease, with a single name? What made this disease different from others with similar symptoms? By what other terms might it have been recognised, and how was it identified in early modern medical practice?
Synthetic Switching Time Statistics

A synthetic (predetermined) time system with expected times and time variances appears to have considerable usefulness in the design of panel layouts and the estimation of operator workloads, particularly during early developmental phases of a system. Accordingly, the study was made to see if a synthetic time system could be devised to predict the time statistics for setting and changing various types of switches as a function of several variables. These variables include: reach distances, type of switch, potential and actual switching uncertainty; both without and with different complexities of a simultaneous tracking task. Time data were collected through computerized instrumentation and the root-mean-square of tracking errors were collected for time intervals between switching task events. Analyses are being made to determine the repeatable predictability of the switching time statistics, the influence of the variables on these statistics, statistical independence of sequential switching times, learnin...
Enhanced ionization of an inner orbital of I 2 by strong laser fields

Using pump-probe spectroscopy, strong-field enhanced-ionization is found in an inner orbital of I${}_{2}$. A wave packet is launched in the $B$ state of I${}_{2}$, whose valence orbitals are ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}^{2}{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{u}^{4}{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{g}^{3}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}^{1}$, and singly ionized to the $\text{I}+{\text{I}}^{+}$ dissociation channel. The ionization signal peaks at two different internuclear separations: $\ensuremath{\sim}$7.3 and $\ensuremath{\sim}$8.7 a.u. The latter shows enhanced ionization of the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$ state which has been studied before with the ${{\text{I}}_{2}}^{+}$ signal. However, the peak at smaller $R$ corresponds to enhanced ionization of the ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}$ state. The peak at $\ensuremath{\sim}$8.7 a.u. in the dissociating channel reveals that there could be strong mixing of different molecular orbitals when the two iodine atoms are pulled apart.
Enhanced Efficacy of Amphotericin B and Rifampicin Combined in Treatment of Murine Histoplasmosis and Blastomycosis

Amphotericin B in combination with rifampicin was more effective in the treatment of murine histoplasmosis and blastomycosis than either agent alone. The increased therapeutic effects were not accompanied by an increase in toxicity.
THE EVOLUTION OF HABITAT PREFERENCE IN SUBDIVIDED POPULATIONS.

Description et analyse d'un modele mathematique prenant en compte le maintien de la variation de la preference vis-a-vis d'un hote (habitat). Applique aux insectes, il est assez general pour pouvoir s'appliquer a d'autres animaux
When Programming Trumps Policy and Plans: The Case of the US Department of the Navy11

ABSTRACTTraditionally, policy and planning have been institutionally weak in the Naval Staff (Office of the Chief of Naval Operations – OPNAV). In their place, the N8 (Programming) has dominated resource decision-making, and, by default, decisions relating to policy and planning. Recent uncertainty over defense authorization and appropriations has resulted in calls for a greater role to be played by the N3/5, Policy and Plans Directorate. The article argues that reform of the Department of the Navy’s planning process is urgently needed. OPNAV’s weak planning and overly dominant programming practices are compared with those of the Departments of the Army and Air Force and are shown to be out of conformance with them. The article concludes with specific and detailed recommendations for reform of both the current planning and programming processes.
Study on the Synergy of the Formation of Strategic Alliance

Based on the concept of synergy, the formation mechanism of strategic alliance was discussed. Based on the synergy mechanism, the preconception of choosing the strategy of strategic alliance was discussed. The process of the formation of strategic alliance was analyzed by using a mathematical model. At the same time, some factors were discussed.
Women’s Studies as Virus: Institutional Feminism, Affect, and the Projection of Danger.

Because women’s studies radically challenges social hierarchies and lacks a unified identity and canon of thought, it often negotiates a precarious position within the modern corporatized university. At the same time, women’s studies offersâ€”by virtue of its interdisciplinary, critical, and “infectious” structureâ€”cutting-edge perspectives and goals that set it apart from more traditional fields. This paper theorizes that one future pedagogical priority of women’s studies is to train students not only to master a body of knowledge but also to serve as symbolic “viruses” that infect, unsettle, and disrupt traditional and entrenched fields. In this essay, we first posit how the metaphor of the virus in part exemplifies an ideal feminist pedagogy, and we then investigate how both women’s studies and the spread of actual viruses (e.g., Ebola, HIV) produce similar kinds of emotional responses in others. By looking at triviality, mockery, panic, and anger that women’s studies as a field elicits, we conclude by outlining the stakes of framing women’s studies as an infectious, insurrectional, and potentially dangerous, field of study. In doing so, we frame two new priorities for women’s studiesâ€”training male students as viruses and embracing “negative” stereotypes of feminist professorsâ€”as important future directions for the potentially liberatory aspects of the field.
Intranasal fentanyl for initial treatment of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease.

Background Analgesia administration for children with vaso-occlusive crises is often delayed in the emergency department. Intranasal fentanyl (INF) has been shown to be safe and effective in providing rapid analgesia for other painful conditions. Our objective was to determine if children with a vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) who received initial treatment with INF compared to placebo achieved a greater decrease in pain score after 20 min. Procedure This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Children with sickle cell disease, 3–20 years old, not taking daily opiates were eligible for the study. Subjects who presented to the emergency department with a pain score ≥6 were randomized to either a single dose of INF (2 μg/kg, maximum 100 μg) or an equivalent volume of intranasal saline. Pain scores were obtained using a modified Wong–Baker FACES pain scale prior to the administration of study drug and at 10, 20, and 30 min afterward. Additional analgesic medication was given per standard protocol. Results Forty-nine subjects completed the study (24 fentanyl and 25 placebo). Subjects who received INF had a greater decrease in median pain score at 20 min compared to placebo (2 [interquartile range, (IQR) 0.5–4] vs. 1 [IQR 0–2], P = 0.048), but not at 10 or 30 min. There were no serious adverse events in either group. Conclusion Children who received INF had a greater decrease in pain score at 20 min compared to those who received placebo. Further studies should evaluate how to best incorporate INF into the emergency care of a child with a VOC.
Low power highly linear band-pass/band-stop filter for 2–4 GHz with less than 1% of fractional bandwidth in 0.13 µm CMOS technology

A low power highly linear active filter supporting both band-pass and band-stop modes is implemented in 0.13µm CMOS. The frequency tunable (2–4GHz) active filter utilizes a linearized Q-boosting network and a liner varactor control scheme to mitigate linearity degradation when increasing filter Q. The BPF tolerates blockers to +16dBm 1 dB desentesization. In BPF mode, typical Q-tuning ranges 5–250, NF and IP −1dB are 4∼5.2dB and −6∼+3dBm, respectively, resulting in a peak DR of 170 dB·Hz. In BSF mode, NF ranges 4∼4.8dB and IP −1dB is −1.8∼0dBm at 2.5–4GHz. Typical current consumption is 14–19 mA from 2 V supply. Chip size is 0.35 mm2.
Cell-Specific RNA Binding Protein Rbfox2 Regulates CaV2.2 mRNA Exon Composition and CaV2.2 Current Size

Abstract The majority of multiexon mammalian genes contain alternatively spliced exons that have unique expression patterns in different cell populations and that have important cell functions. The expression profiles of alternative exons are controlled by cell-specific splicing factors that can promote exon inclusion or exon skipping but with few exceptions we do not know which specific splicing factors control the expression of alternatively spliced exons of known biological function. Many ion channel genes undergo extensive alternative splicing including Cacna1b that encodes the voltage-gated Ca V 2.2 α1 subunit. Alternatively spliced exon 18a in Cacna1b RNA encodes 21 amino acids in the II-III loop of Ca V 2.2, and its expression differs across the nervous system and over development. Genome-wide, protein-RNA binding analyses coupled to high-throughput RNA sequencing show that RNA binding Fox (Rbfox) proteins associate with Ca V 2.2 ( Cacna1b ) pre-mRNAs. Here, we link Rbfox2 to suppression of e18a. We show increased e18a inclusion in Ca V 2.2 mRNAs: (1) after siRNA knockdown of Rbfox2 in a neuronal cell line and (2) in RNA from sympathetic neurons of adult compared to early postnatal mice. By immunoprecipitation of Rbfox2-RNA complexes followed by qPCR, we demonstrate reduced Rbfox2 binding upstream of e18a in RNA from sympathetic neurons of adult compared to early postnatal mice. Ca V 2.2 currents in cell lines and in sympathetic neurons expressing only e18a-Ca V 2.2 are larger compared to currents from those expressing only Δ18a-Ca V 2.2. We conclude that Rbfox2 represses e18a inclusion during pre-mRNA splicing of Ca V 2.2, limiting the size of Ca V 2.2 currents early in development in certain neuronal populations.
Predicting the Feasibility of Correcting Mechanical Axis in Large Varus Deformities With Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Due to disappointing historical outcomes of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), Kozinn and Scott proposed strict selection criteria, including preoperative varus alignment of ≤15°, to improve the outcomes of UKA. No studies to date, however, have assessed the feasibility of correcting large preoperative varus deformities with UKA surgery. The study goals were therefore to (1) assess to what extent patients with large varus deformities could be corrected and (2) determine radiographic parameters to predict sufficient correction. Methods In 200 consecutive robotic-arm assisted medial UKA patients with large preoperative varus deformities (≥7°), the mechanical axis angle (MAA) and joint line convergence angle (JLCA) were measured on hip-knee-ankle radiographs. It was assessed what number of patients were corrected to optimal (≤4°) and acceptable (5°-7°) alignment, and whether the feasibility of this correction could be predicted using an estimated MAA (eMAA, preoperative MAA−JLCA) using regression analyses. Results Mean preoperative MAA was 10° of varus (range, 7°-18°), JLCA was 5° (1°-12°), postoperative MAA was 4° of varus (−3° to 8°), and correction was 6° (1°-14°). Postoperative optimal alignment was achieved in 62% and acceptable alignment in 36%. The eMAA was a significant predictor for optimal postoperative alignment, when corrected for age and gender (P Conclusion Patients with large preoperative varus deformities (7°-18°) could be considered candidates for medial UKA, as 98% was corrected to optimal or acceptable alignment, although cautious approach is needed in deformities >15°. Furthermore, it was noted that the feasibility of achieving optimal alignment could be predicted using the preoperative MAA, JLCA, and age.
Group assessment of multivariate prior distributions

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of how to generate subjective prior distributions for p -dimensional unobservables. The context assumed is one in which you would like your multivariate prior distribution to reflect the combined views of some respected group. The recommended procedure is to administer a battery of p questions to each of N subjects in a homogeneous panel of randomly selected experts. Each subject answers questions each of which is about only one-dimensional (marginal) parameters. A multistage qualitative controlled feedback interrogation procedure is suggested. The N p -vectors of responses from the panel are combined to form the multivariate subjective prior density of the p -dimensional parameter.
EXCESSIVE LOOPING LEADING TO DYSPNEA

Dyspnea is a common complaint in which severe pulmonary regurgitation is a rare etiology. We present a unique case of iatrogenic severe pulmonary regurgitation due to a transmyocardial pacemaker lead. A 55 year old female with a past medical history of sinus node re-entry tachycardia status post
To reveal or conceal? Adult patient perspectives on SUDEP disclosure.

Abstract Objective The study aimed to evaluate adult patient or caregiver feelings and viewpoints about sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) awareness. Background The decision to discuss SUDEP with patients and families has created much debate. Many healthcare providers (HCPs) are hesitant to discuss SUDEP because of the perception of evoking unnecessary fear in patients while others argue that informing patients about SUDEP may enhance patient compliance, improve seizure control, and aid in saving lives. This study quantifies patient viewpoints regarding their right to information, requirements of disclosure, and initial responses of fear and patient motivation toward behavioral change. Design/methods This was a prospective random sample survey of adult patients with epilepsy or their caregivers. Every third eligible adult patient with epilepsy or caregiver was given a one-page SUDEP information sheet promoted by the Epilepsy Foundation of America. Participants were then asked if they were interested in completing an eight-item questionnaire assessing their perception of the information. Results Ninety-four of ninety-six subjects completed the survey (98%). One hundred percent (n = 94) of responders felt they had a right to be informed about SUDEP, and 95% felt that their HCP should be required to inform them. Respondents also indicated that SUDEP awareness motivated them for better medication adherence (89%) and management of lifestyle factors that lower seizure threshold (88%). Thirty percent endorsed increased fear. However, 100% of those patients or caregivers who endorsed fear still felt it was their right to be informed. Patients who endorsed fear were also more likely to be interested in nonpharmacologic treatment options as a result of SUDEP disclosure. Conclusions Patients and caregivers feel it is their right to be informed about SUDEP, irrespective of evoked fear. The vast majority of participants endorsed a requirement for HCPs to disclose related information. While some participants endorsed fear, most agreed that SUDEP awareness motivated them to better manage factors that trigger seizures. Patient education regarding SUDEP may play a key role in encouraging modifying lifestyle factors that lower seizure threshold and facilitate more aggressive interventions in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy.
Molecular structure of PhOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPh

The molecular structure of PhOCH2CH(OH)CH2OPh has been determined. The C—O—C—C—C—O—C backbone adopts an anti-anti-anti-anti conformation. Inter-molecular O—H ··· O hydrogen-bonding results in dimeric units which stack into zig-zag tapes. Crystal data: orthorhombic, Pbca, a = 10.383(1), b = 8.0532(0), c = 31.295(3) A, V = 2616.8(3) A3, and Z = 8.
Sodium and potassium excretion predict increased depression in urban adolescents.

This study examined the prospective role of urinary sodium and potassium excretion in depressive symptoms among urban, low-income adolescents, and whether these relationships vary by gender. A total of 84 urban adolescents (mean age 13.36 years; 50% male; 95% African American) self-reported on their depressive symptoms at baseline and 1.5 years later. At baseline, the youth also completed a 12-h (overnight) urine collection at home which was used to measure sodium and potassium excretion. After adjusting for baseline depressive symptoms, age, BMI percentile, and pubertal development, greater sodium excretion and lower potassium excretion predicted more severe depressive symptoms at follow-up, with no significant gender differences. The results suggest that consumption of foods high in sodium and low in potassium contributes to the development of depressive symptoms in early adolescence, and that diet is a modifiable risk factor for adolescent depression. Interventions focusing on diet may improve mental health in urban adolescents.
The Choice of Comparable DMUs and Environmental Variables

Data envelopment analysis was introduced as a nonparametric linear programming estimator to estimate the production frontier and technical efficiency of observed production units. Allowing multiple inputs and multiple outputs, the approach can be considered a nonparametric quantile regression that approximates the production frontier using piecewise linear approximations to the frontier surface. Purportedly, the method provides a benchmarking approach by comparing a given inefficient unit to a convex combination of relatively efficient units. In many applications, relevant production variables are fixed or uncontrollable leading to frontiers that are conditional on these fixed factors. In public sector applications, the amount of output that can be achieved for a given level of discretionary inputs might depend on the socioeconomic environment. In education, for example, student achievement has been shown to depend not only on discretionary inputs but also on poverty and other socioeconomic variables. In this chapter, DEA models that control for environmental variables and the referent frontier decision making units (DMUs) will be presented.
Modeling Shear Fronts in One Dimension

In this chapter, we study the fronts that appear when a shear-thickening suspension is submitted to a sudden driving force at a boundary. Using a quasi-one-dimensional experimental geometry, we extract the front shape and the propagation speed from the suspension flow field and map out their dependence on applied shear. We find that the relationship between stress and velocity is quadratic, as is generally true for inertial effects in liquids, but with a pre-factor that can be much larger than the material density. We show that these experimental findings can be explained by an extension of a phenomenological model originally developed to describe steady-state shear-thickening. This is achieved by introducing a sole additional parameter: the characteristic strain scale that controls the crossover from start-up response to steady-state behavior. The theoretical framework we obtain points out a linkage between transient and steady-state properties of shear-thickening materials.
An Exploratory Study of Consumer Satisfaction and Purchase Behaviors for Fashion Subscription-Based Online Services (SOS)

Although fashion subscription-based online service (SOS) is a trending topic, there is limited research exploring past or current consumers who have used the service. This study was designed to explore consumers' satisfaction and purchase behaviors of fashion SOS by applying the Expectation-Confirmation Theory (ECT). A qualitative research approach was adopted by completing 10 personal interviews with female participants from the Midwest. The findings revealed that consumer's motivations to try the fashion SOS were convenience, ease of process, special offers, and curiosity about the service. Consumers liked the convenience of fashion SOS package delivery and ease of website navigation. They were not completely satisfied with their current fashion SOS experience in terms of the delivered product selection. Only 4 out of 10 participants were completely satisfied with the fashion SOS that they used based on the ECT.
Physical therapy management of a patient with persistent groin pain after total hip arthroplasty and iliopsoas tenotomy: a case report.

Hip impingement syndrome can occur after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Nonoperative treatment is inconsistently recommended, and surgical options include iliopsoas tenotomy. The current case report...
Low background doping in AlInN grown on GaN via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

Abstract Nearly lattice-matched and unintentionally doped AlInN films with low background doping grown via metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on GaN/sapphire are investigated. The lattice-matched condition is verified with x-ray diffraction (XRD), and the films exhibit typical morphological characteristics for AlInN. The optical constants (nr & k) and thicknesses of the AlInN films are determined via spectroscopic ellipsometry, finding an nr ~ 2.2 at 500 nm and a bandgap of ~4.366 eV. Temperature-dependent Hall measurements in the Van der Pauw configuration are performed for temperatures from 80 K up to 350 K, and a low background doping concentration (n ~ 3 × 1017 cm−3) and high electron mobility (μe ~ 320 cm2/V∙s) are found at room temperature. Simulations are performed to determine the influence of the 2-D electron gas (2DEG) caused by polarization fields from the GaN/AlInN interface and validate the Hall measurements. Thus, this work shows the potential of achieving high-quality AlInN films with low background doping densities for use in power electronic devices and deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
A Unique Case of Valsalva Retinopathy: Preretinal Hemorrhage Identified on Bedside Ultrasound

Abstract Background Emergency physicians frequently evaluate patients with vision changes. The differential for this chief symptom is broad. We present a unique cause of a fixed scotoma that started while the patient was running sprints. Case Report The patient described a bright central scotoma that later became a dark oblique line across her central vision. This painless defect moved predictably with eye movements. Ocular ultrasonography was performed and revealed a well-demarcated hyperechoic lesion in the posterior segment of the right eye. There was no similar lesion found in her left eye. In consultation with ophthalmology, the patient's history and examination were consistent with valsalva retinopathy. To our knowledge, this is only the second published case of valsalva retinopathy/premacular hemorrhage identified on ocular ultrasonography in emergency medicine literature. In this article, we further expand on management and provide correlating fundoscopic images. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians frequently evaluate patients with visual changes. Valsalva retinopathy is a rare cause of a visual scotoma that can be diagnosed through history and ultrasound. It often resolves over weeks to months without intervention. However, it does require urgent ophthalmologic evaluation to rule out peripheral retinal tears, which may require laser retinopexy or surgical management.
Improving cyber-physical system performance through actuator-sensor interactions: PhD forum abstract

Cyber-physical systems are used both for sensing the environment around them as well as making changes to that environment (actuation). Interactions between actuators and sensors can create interference or uncertainty, but can also be leveraged to improve the sensing coverage, sensing resolution or capability of a cyber-physical system. The challenge in modifying actuator behavior in a system is to avoid degrading the actuation range or responsiveness. The acceptable range of actuator adaptation can be modelled and tested using physics-based, data-driven, or combination approaches.
Glutaminase inhibition with telaglenastat (CB-839) improves treatment response in combination with ionizing radiation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma models.

Abstract The efficacy of ionizing radiation (IR) for head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is limited by poorly understood mechanisms of adaptive radioresistance. Elevated glutaminase gene expression is linked to significantly reduced survival (p
Probing gravity with trapped atoms: the optical lattice atom interferometer

Atom interferometers are quantum mechanical devices sensitive to gravitational and inertial forces, with applications in fundamental physics and inertial sensing in the field. Their performance is currently limited by the interrogation time available to freely falling atoms in Earth’s gravitational field, as well as noise due to mechanical and acoustic vibrations. Our experiment probes gravitational potentials by holding, rather than dropping, atoms. We realize an interrogation time of 20 seconds by suspending the spatially separated atomic wave packets in an optical lattice. This record coherence is enabled by the smooth lattice wave fronts, which are mode-filtered by an optical cavity. This trapped geometry suppresses phase variance due to vibrations by three to four orders of magnitude, overcoming the dominant noise source in atom-interferometric gravimeters. The later part of the talk describes recent progress in characterizing and reducing dephasing of the interferometer. An upgraded optical lattice interferometer experiment is currently being commissioned, with the goal of increased sensitivity to gravity.
Herpesvirus Regulation of Selective Autophagy

Selective autophagy has emerged as a key mechanism of quality and quantity control responsible for the autophagic degradation of specific subcellular organelles and materials. In addition, a specific type of selective autophagy (xenophagy) is also activated as a line of defense against invading intracellular pathogens, such as viruses. However, viruses have evolved strategies to counteract the host’s antiviral defense and even to activate some proviral types of selective autophagy, such as mitophagy, for their successful infection and replication. This review discusses the current knowledge on the regulation of selective autophagy by human herpesviruses.
Review of: Forensic Interpretation of Glass Evidence

Forensic Interpretation of Glass Evidence begins with a brief overview of the physical properties of glass, methods for glass analysis, classical approaches to the interpretation of forensic glass data, and glass transfer and persistence studies. Building on this foundation, the Bayesian method of interpretation is outlined, and the authors discuss some of the various parameters that may be necessary for a Bayesian analysis. The Bayesian method is a statistical treatment that uses a “continuous approach” to evidence interpretation that abandons the conventional “match/non-match” treatment of the data. The Bayesian method, as presented in this book, uses the likelihood ratio to numerically represent the weight of the evidence. The likelihood ratio is an expression for the relative probabilities of the evidence under competing hypotheses. The significance of a measured parameter, limited in the text to refractive index (RI), is modified by taking into account factors such as the background information (eyewitness statements, previous criminal activity, . . .), presence, transfer, and persistence of glass.
Invited Talk: Automated, Dynamic Traffic Engineering in Multi-service IP Networks

Since the initial conversion of the ARPAnet from the NCP-family of protocols to the initial TCP/IP-family of protocols in the early 1980s, and especially since the advent of tools (such as browsers) for easily accessing content in the early 1990s, the Internet has experienced (and continues to experience) meteoric growth along any dimension that one cares to measure. This growth has led to the creation of new business segments (e.g. Network Element Manufactures and Internet Service Providers), as well as to partitioning of the operators providing IP services (access/metro/core).Many of the core IP operators also provide long-distance telephony services. Since the majority of their sunk costs are concerned with laying and maintaining optical fibre (as well as the equipment to light up the fibre plant), these operators would like to carry both classes of traffic (data and voice) over a single core network. Additionally, the meteoric growth in number of users forces these carriers, and their NEM suppliers, to continue to look for ways to obtain additional capacity from the installed fibre and network element plants.The net result of these pressures is that core IP networks have become increasingly complex. In particular, traditionally form of management products and processes are becoming less effective in supporting the necessary service provisioning, operation, and restoration.I will describe some of the research that Agilent Laboratories is pursuing to enable automated, dynamic traffic engineering in multi-service IP networks.
Studies on the maternal-infant transmission of the viruses which cause acute hepatitis

Abstract Eighty-three women with acute icteric hepatitis during pregnancy were followed for evidence of viral transmission to their infants. Six women had acute hepatitis A as diagnosed by appearance of anti-HAV during convalescence. Except for passively acquired antibodies which were present at birth, anti-HAV did not appear in these infants, and there was no clinical or biochemical evidence for hepatitis during follow-up. Sixty-five pregnant women had acute hepatitis B during pregnancy or in the immediate postpartum period. Transmission to infants often occurred when both maternal HB s Ag and HB e Ag were positive at delivery or postpartum. A majority of these infants never developed jaundice, have remained persistently HB s Ag-positive, and have had periodic serum ALT elevations during follow-up. Twelve women had acute non-A, non-B hepatitis during pregnancy. Infants born to 6 of these women near term had transient elevations of serum ALT values at 4–8 wk of age, suggesting maternal transmissibility of the non-A, non-B viral agent.
Vector Integration and Stochastic Integration in Banach Spaces

Vector Integration. The Stochastic Integral. Martingales. Processes with Finite Variation. Processes with Finite Semivariation. The Ito Formula. Stochastic Integration in the Plane. Two-Parameter Martingales. Two-Parameter Processes with Finite Variation. Two-Parameter Processes with Finite Semivariation. References.
Correlations in the Quark Vacuum

During the last two decades SUc(3) gauge theory has been firmly established as the underlying theory of strong interactions. Many experimental signals support the concept of QCD. For instance, 2-jet1 and 3-jet2 events in high-energy e+ e− annihilation revealed the hadronic substructure as consisting of spin \(\frac{1}{2}\) and spin 1 particles. These can be identified with the states of the fundamental and adjoint SU(3) multiplets, i.e. the quarks and gluons, respectively. At large momenta QCD is increasingly well understood at a qualitative and quantitative level. The situtation is much worse, however, in the regime of low-enery QCD. The primary difficulty for this can be understood by considering the momentum dependence of the QCD running coupling constant α QCD(q 2), which in one-loop summation reads $$\alpha _{QCD} (q^2 )\, = \,\frac{{4\pi }}{{(11\, - \,2N_f /3)1n( - q^2 /\Lambda ^2 )}}\,,$$ (1) where N f is the number of quark flavors.
An Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Turnitin.Com As A Tool For Reducing Plagiarism In Graduate Student Term Papers

Plagiarism is a continual problem in academia. Plagiarism-detection tools like Turnitin have been used for nearly ten years to help university faculty and administration combat this form of cheating (turnitin.com). This paper evaluates the difference in plagiarism levels in graduate-student term papers when students are not provided access to Turnitin to evaluate their own work versus the level of plagiarism in student term papers when students have access to Turnitin to check their work as they are generating their papers. Descriptive statistics and a T-test comparison of the two groups are provided along with a brief literature review of plagiarism and academic integrity violations.
Hardware and software upgrades for the saturn data acquisition triggers and time base (work supported by the Dept. of Energy)

This paper summarizes the recent changes to the hardware and software systems associated with the diagnostic digitizer triggers and their data acquisition control program at the Saturn pulsed power facility at Sandia National Laboratories. The main screen room contains approximately 70 digitizing scopes for monitoring 6 voltage or current probes along each of its 36 energy storage and transmission lines. Each module locates probes along its length in an identical fashion so that by comparing the timing of similar probes on each line, a measure of the power flow time symmetry can be obtained. The probes from each line are recorded in scope groupings, each containing 36 channels. In numerous cases, the archived group time bases were not correctly quantified with respect to the other scope groupings. This was problematic when comparing signals from different scope groupings. The source of the errors was found to be how the scope groupings were triggered as well as a software error associated with two models of digitizers. We have implemented changes so that all scope groupings are time tied to a common reference.
Growth inhibition of Crithidia fasciculata by serotoninergic and adrenergic drugs.

SYNOPSIS. Growth of Crithidia fasciculata, a trypanosomatid flagellate known to contain epinephrine and serotonin, is sensitively inhibited by several adrenergically and serotoninergically reactive drugs such as dichloroisoproterenol, desipramine, and cyproheptidine. The pattern of sensitivity of Crithidia to these drugs is contrasted to the pattern of sensitivity of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis.
Prediction of the Adsorption of Diazepam by Activated Carbon in Aqueous Media

Adsorption isotherms for the diazepam-activated carbon system in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), without pancreatin, and in SIF with different percentages of ethanol were determined as were the solubilities of diazepam in SIF and in SIF with different percentages of ethanol. The surface area of the activated carbon was also evaluated. The results from the experimental work provided information on the relationship between adsorption and solubility. An excellent logarithmic relationship was observed between the adsorption affinity and the solubility of diazepam in the ethanol-SIF mixtures. This relationship was explained by a linear relationship between the differential free energy of displacement and the differential free energy of solution. Excellent correlations were also observed between the amounts of diazepam adsorbed by activated carbon and the solubilities of diazepam in the ethanol-SIF mixtures. This relationship was used to predict the complete isotherm, which was in excellent agreement with the experimental work.
Estimators for Survival Function when Censoring Times are Known

Under the random censorship model with extra assumption that all censoring times are known, Chiu (1999) proposed a new estimator for the survival function of failure time. In this article, we explore the most likely uniformly consistent estimators of the survival function in such data settings and study large sample properties of these estimators. It turns out that the classical Kaplan-Meier estimator is of the smallest asymptotic variance among these possible estimators. This fact confirms the optimality of the Kaplan-Meier estimator in term of asymptotic variance and may suggest that the Kaplan-Meier estimator is the most recommendable even in such circumstances.
The Evolution of Strategic Human Resource Systems and their Application in a Foreign Subsidiary Context

Firms internationalizing their operations have always been challenged to select, develop, and implement a sufficient amount of foreign subsidiary manager talent. This challenge is exacerbated in today's global environment involving an increasing emphasis on transnational internationalization strategies and growing business opportunities in emerging markets. Successfully identifying and developing these managers is essential for a firm implementing a internationalization strategy, and necessitates the creation of effective high performance work systems practices that can lead to the development of a strategic international human resource system. This article integrates agency and organizational capabilities theory to better understand how human resource systems can be created to develop highly effective foreign subsidiary managers who can implement selected internationalization strategies. More specifically, foreign subsidiary manager capabilities are identified contingent upon the internationalization strategy resulting in an examination of different human resource practices that could be bundled together to develop foreign subsidiary manager talent.
Interns: The ivory tower at work

The intership program in speech communication (telecommunications) at Youngstown State University was begun in 1976. Students spend twenty hours per week in the workplace over a six month period. Careful faculty monitoring of each position has enhanced the program's reputation and helped over 94 percent of graduated interns move successfully into self‐chosen careers or graduate school. Specific operational policies are explained.
A comparative analysis of teacher and student perceptions of sources of motivation and demotivation in college classes

This study examined the degree to which teacher perceptions of variables that influence student motivation and demotivation are congruent with student reports of those variables. Findings indicated substantial agreement on the range of overall factors affecting motivation. However, the sharp division between motivation as a personally‐owned state and demotivation as a teacher‐owned problem reported by students was not apparent across the teachers' perceptions. There were differences among teachers in perceptions of their ability to influence motivation, with those who were more optimistic about motivation in their classrooms perceiving greater influence of teacher behavior on both motivation and demotivation.
Energy Intake of the Mouring Dove Zenaidura macroura marginella

Wild mourning doves follow a discrete cycle of feeding activity. Analysis of their food habits has provided an estimate for their average daily caloric intake.
AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PUBLICITY, ADVERTISING, AND PREVIOUS BRAND ATTITUDES AND KNOWLEDGE

Marketing practitioners and advertising firms have increasingly embraced an integrated marketing communications (IMC) approach to their promotional efforts in order to achieve direct effects of the individual communication tool used, as well as an additional "synergistic" effect from the combination of communications tools used. The present study is designed to fill a gap in the marketing literature by using a controlled experimental design to assess and compare the individual and combined influences of two IMC tools--publicity and advertising--on attitude toward the ad (A ad ) and attitude toward the brand (A b ). The study also looks for synergies from the use of multiple media (radio and print). Findings show that the combined effects of these IMC tools on A ad and A b are not identical, and that there are complex interactions between media, brand familiarity, and the valence of news stories.