cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responses of Plants to Pathogens

Although changes in structure, function, and metabolism which occur during pathogenesis will be discussed in separate sections, they are obviously interrelated and inseparable in diseased plants. Any change in one may cause or be caused by a change in one or both of the others. Perhaps more important than the changes themselves is the sequence in which they occur. In this chapter, special attention will be given to the few diseases in which the sequence of all three types of changes have been studied with particular emphasis on those that occur during early stages of pathogenesis.
Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Optical Metasurfaces Design

As optical metasurfaces become progressively ubiquitous, the expectations from them are becoming increasingly complex. The limited number of structural parameters in the conventional metasurface building blocks, and existing phase engineering rules do not completely support the growth rate of metasurface applications. In this paper, we present digitized-binary elements, as alternative high-dimensional building blocks, to accommodate the needs of complex-tailorable-multifunctional applications. To design these complicated platforms, we demonstrate adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA), as a powerful evolutionary optimizer, capable of handling such demanding design expectations. We solve four complex problems of high current interest to the optics community, namely, a binary-pattern plasmonic reflectarray with high tolerance to fabrication imperfections and high reflection efficiency for beam-steering purposes, a dual-beam aperiodic leaky-wave antenna, which diffracts TE and TM excitation waveguides modes to arbitrarily chosen directions, a compact birefringent all-dielectric metasurface with finer pixel resolution compared to canonical nano-antennas, and a visible-transparent infrared emitting/absorbing metasurface that shows high promise for solar-cell cooling applications, to showcase the advantages of the combination of binary-pattern metasurfaces and the AGA technique. Each of these novel applications encounters computational and fabrication challenges under conventional design methods, and is chosen carefully to highlight one of the unique advantages of the AGA technique. Finally, we show that large surplus datasets produced as by-products of the evolutionary optimizers can be employed as ingredients of the new-age computational algorithms, such as, machine learning and deep leaning. In doing so, we open a new gateway of predicting the solution to a problem in the fastest possible way based on statistical analysis of the datasets rather than researching the whole solution space.
Probing Vibration-Cavity Polariton Dynamics via Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy

Time resolved IR pump-probe spectroscopy was used to measure the vibrational dynamics of strong chromophores in optical cavities. A fast component in the lifetime of W(CO)6 in hexane was observed, but not in the other systems.
Intramuscular interstitial amyloid deposition does not impact anoctaminopathy-5 phenotype.

Introduction Recessive mutations in the anoctamin-5-encoding gene (ANO5) cause muscular dystrophy of various phenotypes. Intramuscular interstitial amyloid deposits were detected in a few patients with anoctaminopathy-5, some with cardiac involvement. The frequency of amyloid deposition in anoctaminopathy-5 and its impact on phenotype are unknown. Methods We retrospectively identified patients with genetically proven anoctaminopathy-5 who had undergone muscle biopsy and reviewed their clinical and laboratory data. Results Eight of 15 patients with anoctaminopathy-5 had intramuscular interstitial amyloid deposits. The median age at onset of weakness was 40 and 45 years in the amyloidosis and nonamyloidosis groups, respectively. Mutations occurred throughout the entire gene in the amyloidosis group. Atrial arrhythmia was noted in 4 patients with amyloidosis and in 4 patients without amyloidosis. The latter group also had premature ventricular contractions. One nonamyloidosis patient had septal hypokinesia. Discussion Intramuscular amyloidosis occurred in 53% of patients with anoctaminopathy-5 who underwent muscle biopsy and had no impact on the phenotype. Muscle Nerve 59:133-137, 2019.
Light-Harvesting CMOS Power-Supply System for 0–10-mW Wireless Microsensors

Wireless microsensors in consumer products, homes, hospitals, and factories incorporate sensing, processing, and transmission intelligence that can save money, energy, and lives. Although their tiny batteries deplete quickly, harvesting light energy can replenish what they supply. Still, a 1-mm2 photovoltaic (PV) cell can only generate up to $150~\mu \text{W}$ of the milliwatts that a wireless microsensor can consume. The battery-assisted light-powered harvester presented here therefore draws 10– $130~\mu \text{W}$ from a $1 \times 1$ mm2 PV cell and assistance from a battery to supply a 10-mW load and recharge the battery with excess PV power. The CMOS system regulates its 1-V output within ±28 mV while supplying $10\times $ more power per 1 mm3 with 94.5% efficiency and $38\times $ with 87.8% efficiency than the best light-harvesting microsystem reported. Unlike others whose efficiencies peak at one power level, efficiency here is 94.5% across $v_{\mathrm {PV}}$ values 10– $130~\mu \text{W}$ and $\text{P}_{\mathrm {LD}}$ values 0.5–10 mW with an 18- $\mu \text{H}\,\,3 \times 3 \times 1.5$ mm3 inductor and 87.8% with a 22- $\mu \text{H}\,\,1.6 \times 0.8 \times 0.8$ mm3 device.
Preliminary attempts to isolate ground-radiated noise from exploding balloons

Seismo-acoustic coupling occurs when seismic wave propagation creates air-borne acoustic signals. Research is ongoing to determine methods to distinguish between sound due to seismo-acoustic coupling and purely air-borne transmission. In a field experiment, we detonated 17 in. balloons filled with a stoichiometric oxy-acetylene mix placed both on and in the ground. We attempted to isolate ground-radiated waves by constructing a portable soundproof box to deaden air-borne sound wave. The box was constructed from mass-loaded vinyl, soundproofing composite board, liquid nails, and Green Glue. This design incorporated soundproofing through decoupling, absorption, and insulation techniques. Signals observed from a microphone placed in the box are compared with those obtained on microphones outside the box at various heights. The initial blast wave was not evident inside the box. However, the loudest sound measured in the box matches a subsequent portion of signals on microphones near the ground. Testing in a reverberation chamber is done to measure the frequency response in the transmission loss through the box. These results could suggest a viable technique for isolating ground-borne acoustic waves, which could be useful in experiments where calculating the coupling effect is impractical.
Adaptations in attention allocation: implications for takeover in an automated vehicle

Abstract Automated technology in vehicles is increasingly changing and reducing the driving responsibilities for the human operator. However, these systems are still unequipped to handle many unexpected events and conditions. This study examined changes in driver attention allocation before and during exposure, and after removal of an active lane keeping system. Forty-eight drivers completed six drives across three separate days in a driving simulator. Thirty of the participants were exposed to an active lane keeping system and the remaining 18 participants (control group) were in a manual control group. An in-vehicle information system was used to measure willingness to engage in non-driving tasks. The number of secondary tasks completed, accuracy of these tasks, and eyes-off-road glance durations were measured. Participants exposed to the lane keeping system completed more secondary tasks under the partially automated conditions compared to manual, while accuracy of these tasks did not change. These participants also had longer eyes-off-road glances after returning to manual driving conditions, relative to their baseline measures. These results show that adaptations in driver attention and risk perception carry over after returning to manual control.
Modeling wind-wave resuspension in a shallow reservoir: Peoria Lake, IL

Publisher Summary The two-dimensional depth-averaged finite-element models RMA-2V and SED2D are used to simulate hydrodynamics and sediment transport in Peoria Lake. Water depth and suspended sediment concentration information from these models are used in a model of submersed aquatic plant growth. Hydrodynamic and sediment transport models are developed to predict wind-wave resuspension and depth-averaged suspended sediment concentrations for a 24-river-mile-long reservoir to provide information to an aquatic plant growth model. The sediment transport model is modified to include optional shear stress, erosion, and deposition process algorithms. The model is validated against seasonal time-series of suspended sediment concentration and used to make six-month simulations of suspended sediment concentration for certain observed or proposed geometric configurations.
Mixed Domain Model to Mimic Current-fed LCC-T Resonant Converter

Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA) technique significantly alleviated the modelling complexities involved in classical time domain, state-space and state-plane approaches in achieving a mathematical model to mimic the high frequency transformer isolated dc/dc converter behavior, which is essential in analysis and design. However, FHA fails to mimic current-fed isolated LCC-T resonant converter due to presence of 2nd order dominant harmonic in front-end inverter voltage. Resonant tank cannot attenuate such dominant harmonics. In order to address this issue, this manuscript presents mixed domain approximation model to mimic current-fed isolated LCC-T resonant converter. Verification of proposed model is presented through FFT analysis against existing time domain and FHA technique.
Multivariate functional principal component analysis identifies waveform features of gait biomechanics related to early-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis

Clinicians often examine movement patterns to design hip osteoarthritis (OA) interventions, yet traditional biomechanical analyses only report a single timepoint. Multivariate principal component analysis (MFPCA) analyzes the entire waveform (i.e., movement pattern), which clinicians observe to direct treatment. This study investigated hip OA indicators, by (1) employing MFPCA to characterize variance across the hip, knee, and ankle angles in healthy and early-to-moderate hip OA participants; and (2) investigating relationships between these waveform features and hip cartilage health. Bilateral hip magnetic resonance images from 72 participants with Kellgren-Lawrence grades ranging from 0 to 3 were used to calculate mean T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the femoral and acetabular cartilage. MFPCA was performed on lower-limb gait biomechanics and used to identify primary modes of variation, which were related to T1ρ and T2 relaxation times. Here, a MFPC = mode of variation = waveform feature. In the femoral cartilage, transverse plane MFPCs 3 and 5 and body mass index (BMI) was related to T1ρ , while MFPC 2 and BMI were related to T2 relaxation times. In the acetabular cartilage, sagittal plane MFPC 1 and BMI were related to T1ρ , while BMI was related to T2 relaxation times. Greater internal rotation was related to increased T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the femoral cartilage, while the greater extension was related to increased T1ρ relaxation times in the acetabular cartilage. This study established a data-driven framework to assess relationships between multi-joint biomechanics and quantitative assessments of cartilage health and identified waveform features that could be evaluated in future hip OA intervention studies.
Bank Capital and Financial Stability: An Economic Trade-Off or a Faustian Bargain?

Financial crises impose large and persistent social costs, making banking stability important. This article reviews the central issues surrounding the role bank capital plays in financial stability. Because the socially efficient capital level may exceed banks’ privately optimal capital levels, regulatory capital requirements become germane. But such requirements may entail various bank-level and social costs. Thus, despite agreement that higher capital would enhance banking stability, recognition of these costs has generated theoretical disagreement over whether capital requirements should be higher. Empirical evidence reveals that, in the cross section of banks, higher capital is associated with higher lending, higher liquidity creation, higher bank values, and higher probabilities of surviving crises. Moreover, increases in capital requirements are met with modest declines in lending. The overarching message from research is that lower capital in banking leads to higher systemic risk and a higher proba...
Sublinear Time Eigenvalue Approximation via Random Sampling.

We study the problem of approximating the eigenspectrum of a symmetric matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ with bounded entries (i.e., $\|A\|_{\infty} \leq 1$). We present a simple sublinear time algorithm that approximates all eigenvalues of $A$ up to additive error $\pm \epsilon n$ using those of a randomly sampled $\tilde{O}(\frac{1}{\epsilon^4}) \times \tilde O(\frac{1}{\epsilon^4})$ principal submatrix. Our result can be viewed as a concentration bound on the full eigenspectrum of a random principal submatrix. It significantly extends existing work which shows concentration of just the spectral norm [Tro08]. It also extends work on sublinear time algorithms for testing the presence of large negative eigenvalues in the spectrum [BCJ20]. To complement our theoretical results, we provide numerical simulations, which demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in approximating the eigenvalues of a wide range of matrices.
A Preclinical Animal Study of Combined Intragastric Balloon and Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner for Obesity and Metabolic Disease.

Introduction Endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies can potentially reproduce similar gastric and small intestinal anatomic and physiologic manipulations as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. This proof of concept animal study was aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, efficacy, and impact on gastrointestinal physiology of combined intragastric balloons (IGB) and duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) for the treatment of obesity. Methods Five Ossabaw pigs were fed a high-calorie diet to develop obesity and were randomly assigned to receive IGB or DJBL in sequence. The weight gain rate was calculated. Fasting and postprandial blood samples were drawn before any intervention (serving as the baseline group) and 1 month after second device insertion (serving as the combination group) to measure gut neurohormonal changes and metabolic parameters. Results Four pigs successfully received a sequential device insertion. One pig developed duodenal sleeve prolapse that was spontaneously resolved. One pig was early terminated because of developing a central line infection. The rate of weight gain in the combination group (0.63 ± 1.3 kg/wk) was significantly lower than the baseline group (1.96 ± 2.17 kg/wk) and numerically lower than after insertion of the IGB (1.00 ± 1.40 kg/wk) or the DJBL (0.75 ± 2.27 kg/wk) alone. A trend of higher postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 was observed in the combination group compared with the baseline group. Discussion A combination of IGB and DJBL is feasible and well tolerated. A strategy of sequential use of these devices might offer a synergistic approach that can enhance weight loss and metabolic outcomes.
Microeconomics for MBAs: Principles of rational behavior in society and business

We are not ready to suspect any person of being defective in selfishness. Adam Smith The combined assumptions of maximizing behavior, market equilibrium, and stable preferences, used relentlessly and unflinchingly, form the heart of the economic approach. Gary S. Becker Our purpose in this chapter is to lay out in clear (if not stark) terms exactly how economists think about people's decision making and behavior. We fully recognize that the economic way of thinking is not the only way people think about business and life more generally (through methods used in the hard sciences, psychology, the arts, etc.). Most people operate on several different intellectual plains, probably often more or less simultaneously. At other times they shift from intellectual plain to intellectual plain and remain there for a time with concentrated focus on given disciplinary methods of thinking. Here, we ask you to shift to the microeconomic intellectual plain and to remain there for at least the remainder of the course. However, be forewarned, with enough work on the economics plain, we expect many students will come to recognize the benefits of remaining there, or shifting back to the economics plain more often than you might now expect. We have frequently told our students that “economics is as much a ‘discipline’ as it is a disease. Once you catch it, it can be terminal, pervading with ease much of your thinking.” At the same time, we understand many students will want to resist the economic way of thinking every step of the way – until they have come to see the full method of thinking and have experienced its varied applicability to so many dimensions of behavior. We focus on the core founding assumptions in microeconomics, for two reasons: • First, this is a course in economics – not psychology or literature. We need to use your time and textbook space at our disposal economically, which means we need to stay focused on one disciplinary approach. • Second, we might wish we could fully integrate thinking methods and findings of other disciplines, but that is a tough order, primarily because economists have encountered difficulty doing that without undermining analytical progress through loss of precision, if not confusion, on students’ parts.
[Reply to ““New” lunar knowledge not so new” by Robert L. Wildey] Clarification

The Apollo observations wee indeed he first measurements of the lunar surface at a phase angle of 0°. The new finding of the Clementine spacecraft is that there is a huge surge below ∼0.25°. The Apollo photographic measurements show a 10% increase in brightness within the last degree approaching opposition, while the Clementine CCD measurements show this much increase in the last 0.25°. We do not yet have a good physical explanation for this surge, but we have been able to eliminate the possiblity of its being an instrumental effect.
Regulation of Microsomal Enzymes by Phospholipids II. ACTIVATION OF HEPATIC URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE-GLUCURONYLTRANSFERASE

Abstract Treatment of bovine liver microsomes with a partially purified preparation of phospholipase A from Naja naja venom leads to activation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase with p-nitrophenol as glucuronyl acceptor. This stimulation of activity is due to a 6-fold increase in activity at Vmax. As activity at Vmax increases, there is a progressive decrease in binding affinity of the enzyme for both substrates, and although the enzyme remains stable at 23°, it becomes unstable at 37°. This unstable form of UDP-glucuronyltransferase decays to another stable form with a maximum activity 2.5-fold greater than that of untreated enzyme. As with phospholipase A, treatment with phospholipase C also activates UDP-glucuronyltransferase, but to a lesser extent. In addition to phospholipases other agents which can alter microsomal lipids also activate UDP-glucuronyltransferase. Triton X-100, sonication, and exposure to pH 9.8 increased activity at Vmax and had variable effects on the binding constants for UDP-glucuronic acid and p-nitrophenol. Maximal activation by these treatments was less than that obtained with phospholipase A; no two treatments had similar effects on all kinetic parameters of the enzyme. Nevertheless, additive effects could not be demonstrated. Although Triton stimulated glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol by the enzyme, it was without effect on the reverse reaction. This fact plus the other data indicate that the activation of UDP-glucuronyltransferase in these experiments cannot be attributed to compartmentation of the enzyme but is due to phospholipid-induced alterations of enzyme conformation.
Shared‐Memory Multiprocessors

The sections in this article are 1 Physically Shared Memory Multiprocessors 2 Physically Distributed Memory Architectures 3 Concluding Remarks
The ying and yang of rifampicin.

The binding of rifampicin to the human glucocorticoid receptor explains how this antibiotic exerts its immunosuppressive effects (pages 92–96).
Aggregate Demand, Aggregate Supply and Economic Growth

While mainstream growth theory in its neoclassical and new growth theory incarnations has no place for aggregate demand, Keynesian growth models in which aggregate demand determines growth neglect the role of aggregate supply. By assuming that the rate of technological change responds to labour market conditions, this paper devel- ops a simple and conventional growth model that integrates the roles of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The model shows how the long-run equilibrium growth rate of the economy, at which the unemployment rate is constant, can be affected by aggregate demand.
Assignment of Ferriheme Resonances for High- and Low-Spin Forms of Nitrophorin 3 by 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy and Comparison to Nitrophorin 2: Heme Pocket Structural Similarities and Differences

Nitrophorin 3 (NP3) is the only one of the four major NO-binding heme proteins found in the saliva of the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus (also called the Kissing Bug) for which it has not been possible to obtain crystals of diffraction quality for structure determination by X-ray crystallography. Thus we have used NMR spectroscopy, mainly of the hyperfine-shifted ferriheme substituent resonances, to learn about the similarities and differences in the heme pocket and the iron active site of NP3 as compared to NP2, which has previously been well-characterized by both X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Only one residue in the heme pocket differs between the two, F27 of NP2 is Y27 for NP3; in both cases this residue is expected to interact strongly with the 2-vinyl side chain of the B heme rotational isomer or the 4-vinyl of the A heme rotational isomer. Both the high-spin (S = 5/2) aquo complex, NP3-H(2)O, and the low-spin (S = 1/2) N-methylimidazole (NMeIm) complex of NP3 have been studied. It is found that the chemical shifts of the protons of both forms are similar to those of the corresponding NP2 complexes, but with minor differences that indicate a slightly different angle for the proximal histidine (H57) ligand plane. The B heme rotational isomer is preferred by both NP3 and NP2 in both spin states, but to a greater extent when phenylalanine is present at position 27 (A:B = 1:8 for NP2, 1:6 for NP3-Y27F, 1:4 for NP3, and 1:3 for NP2-F27Y). Careful analysis of the 5Me and 8Me shifts of the A and B isomers of the two high-spin nitrophorins leads to the conclusion that the heme environment for the two isomers differs in some way that cannot be explained at the present time. The kinetics of deprotonation of the high-spin complexes of NP2 and NP3 are very different, with NP2 giving well-resolved high-spin aquo and "low-spin" hydroxo proton NMR spectra until close to the end of the titration, while NP3 exhibits broadened (1)H NMR spectra indicative of an intermediate rate of exchange on the NMR timescale between the two forms throughout the titration. The heme methyl shifts of NP2-OH are similar in magnitude and spread to those of NP2-CN, while those of metmyoglobin-hydroxo complexes are much larger in magnitude but not spread. It is concluded that the hydroxo complex of NP2 is likely S = 1/2 with a mixed (d(XY))(2)(d(XZ),d(YZ))(3)/(d(xy))(1)(d(xz),d(yz))(4) electron configuration, while those of met-Mb-OH are likely S = 1/2,3/2 mixed spin systems.
Enzymatic carboxymethylation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor.

Summary The enzymatic carboxymethylation of the acetylcholine receptors isolated from Torpedo california is described. The acetylcholine receptor was found to be one of the most active substrates for protein carboxymethylase. The receptor methylation is not affected by the binding of cholinergic ligand. Purification of protein methyl acceptor activity from membranes of electric organ paralleled that of enrichment of the acetylcholine receptor. The enzyme which catalyzes the reaction, protein carboxymethylase, was found in the Torpedo electric organ. The enzyme from the Torpedo electric organ is mainly located in the cytosol and has high affinity for the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine and for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein.
Creating a user‐centered library homepage: a case study

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the process, testing, and data analysis of redesigning a library's homepage to create a more user‐centered experience.Design/methodology/approach – A survey and a usability test were conducted to collect data on users' interactions. The goals were to make design changes catered to users' needs, prior to migrating the site to a content management system.Findings – Recommendations are made to improve the usability of the Ursula C. Schwerin library homepage, as well as considerations for future testing.Originality/value – This case study will be useful for librarians and web programmers implementing usability tests for the first time. It will also be useful for those focusing on developing a more user‐centered homepage.
First flush and natural aggregation of particles in highway runoff.

Particle Size Distribution (PSD) in highway runoff was monitored in the 2004–2005 rainy season at three highway sites in west Los Angeles, California. PSD was measured for 200 grab samples for 18 storm events. Particles and especially larger particles showed a strong first flush. On average, the initial 20% runoff volume transported approximately 28% total number of particles between 0.5 and 2 μm in diameter, more than 30% of particles between 2 and 30 μm and more than 40% of particles larger than 30 μm. A naturally occurring aggregation was observed with smaller particles and mixing experiments were performed to determine the possible benefits for sedimentation and filtration. Samples composited from grab samples manually collected over the first hour of runoff were gently mixed (G = 38) and small particle concentration decreased by more than 50%. After 24 hours the number of particles with diameter between 0.5 and 7 μm decreased by 51% with gentle mixing and the same size particles decreased by only 14% without mixing. Number of particles with diameter larger than 20 μm increased by 6 and 4.5 times with and without mixing, respectively. Slow mixing can improve sedimentation efficiency by more than 40% for particles less than 20 μm in diameter.
Altered fundus appearance resulting from autofluorescence imaging with the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) in cats

Purpose This paper is to report that imaging the tapetal fundus of cats with the 488 nm laser of the Spectralis® HRA+OCT (Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) can result in a pale appearance of the imaged area. Animals studied and procedures Wild-type and Rdy kittens (CRX mutant heterozygotes—CRXRdy+/−) (8–20 weeks of age) and adult cats (1–4 years of age) were imaged by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) using the Spectralis® HRA+OCT. Color fundus photography (RetCam II®, Clarity Medical Systems, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) was performed after imaging using the Spectralis® HRA+OCT. Results Following retinal cSLO imaging using the 488 nm laser (autofluorescence imaging) in both wild-type kittens and adult cats, the imaged region appeared paler than the adjacent retina that had not been imaged. This change was probably due to retinal bleaching and was fully reversible. Imaging CRXRdy+/− kittens or adults, which had very reduced levels of visual pigments, did not induce the altered fundus appearance. Conclusions Those using autofluorescence imaging by cSLO should be aware that it can induce a characteristic pale appearance of the tapetal fundus in the imaged area of normal cats.
Analytic dynamics in some pseudoconvex domains

IN THIS PAPER we define a class of two-dimensional, pseudoconvex domains which includes both polydiscs and bounded, strictly pseudoconvex domains in C’. The dynamics of iteration of analytic self-mappings of these domains is then classified when the given mapping has a nonwandering point, and the family of iterates of the mapping is relatively compact in the appropriate topology. This classification is a geometric analogue to theorems of analytic linearization in neighborhoods of fixed points of analytic maps of @” to itself. Some applications to families of analytic self-mappings of regions in C are included. Let q: CZ’ + @” be a complex analytic map defined in some neighborhood of the origin with ~(0) = 0. A number of mathematicians have expended great amounts of ingenuity and energy to understand the dynamics of (D near the origin, see [l-4]. One notable result is this: assume that _/y?(O), the holomorphic Jacobian matrix of p at the origin, is diagonalizable with eigenvalues A 1 , . . . , A,. Suppose that IAil 5 1 for all i, and also that there exist c, ,D > 0 so that if o( 1, . . ..a. are nonnegative integers with 01, + . ..+cY. > 1 we have, for i = 1, . . ..n.
Noise-coupled continuous-time delta-sigma ADCs

The noise-coupling technique successfully used in discrete-time delta-sigma analogue-to-digital converters (ADCs) is extended to the realisation of continuous-time delta-sigma ADCs, resulting in improved quantisation noise shaping. To verify the proposed design methodology, a second-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator with noise coupling is designed and simulated.
Specific Heat of Marble

IN 1898 we published, in the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a paper containing a discussion of certain mathematical problems arising in the study of the flow of heat in prisms, together with an account of an investigation of the conductivities of a number of specimens of glass and of marble.
Vagal neural crest cell migratory behavior: A transition between the cranial and trunk crest

Migration and differentiation of cranial neural crest cells are largely controlled by environmental cues, whereas pathfinding at the trunk level is dictated by cell-autonomous molecular changes owing to early specification of the premigratory crest. Here, we investigated the migration and patterning of vagal neural crest cells. We show that (1) vagal neural crest cells exhibit some developmental bias, and (2) they take separate pathways to the heart and to the gut. Together these observations suggest that prior specification dictates initial pathway choice. However, when we challenged the vagal neural crest cells with different migratory environments, we observed that the behavior of the anterior vagal neural crest cells (somite-level 1–3) exhibit considerable migratory plasticity, whereas the posterior vagal neural crest cells (somite-level 5–7) are more restricted in their behavior. We conclude that the vagal neural crest is a transitional population that has evolved between the head and the trunk. Developmental Dynamics 240:2084–2100, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ON THE ROLE OF DATA MINING TECHNIQUES IN UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION

Techniques from scientific data mining are increasingly being used to analyze and understand data from scientific observations, simulations, and experiments. These methods provide scientists the opportunity to automate the tedious manual processing of the data, control complex systems, and gain insights into the phenomenon being modeled or observed. This process of data-driven scientific inference borrows ideas and solutions from a range of fields including machine learning, image and video processing, statistics, high-performance computing, and pattern recognition. The tasks involved in these analyses include the extraction of structures from the data, the identification of representative features for these structures, dimension reduction, and building predictive and descriptive models. At first glance, data mining and data-driven analysis may appear unrelated to stochastic modeling and uncertainty quantification. But, as we show in this paper, there are commonalities in the problems addressed and techniques used, providing the two communities the opportunity to benefit from the expertise and experiences of each other.
Effect of radiation combined withhyperthermia on human prostatic carcinoma cell lines in culture

The effect of radiation combined with heat on three human prostatic carcinoma cell lines growing in vitro was investigated. Cells were exposed to different radiation doses followed by heat treatment at 43 degrees C for one hour. Heat treatment, given ten minutes after radiation, significantly enhanced the radiation response of all the cell lines studied. The combined effect of radiation and heat produced greater cytotoxicity than predicted from the additive effects of the two individual treatment modalities alone. These results indicate that a combined treatment regimen of radiation plus hyperthermia (43 degrees, 1 hr) might be an important tool in maintaining a better local control of prostatic cancer.
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM SPP. FROM SMALL MAMMALS IN THE NEW YORK CITY WATERSHED

The objective of this study was to assess the potential role that wildlife plays in environmental degradation of watersheds through the contamination of the water supply with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium isolates recovered from wildlife in the New York City (NYC) watershed were examined to determine genotype using a polymerase chain reaction protocol targeting the 18-Small Subunit (SSU) rRNA locus. Seventy-seven DNA samples recovered from 12 wildlife host species captured in the NYC watershed were amplified and sequenced. Data on risk factors associated with the perpetuation of these genotypes also were collected and analyzed. Although many genotypes appeared to be host-specific, 38% of the samples examined were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum, indicating the presence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium. Adult animals were more likely to shed the zoonotic strains of Cryptosporidium spp. Animals captured in the fall and winter were more likely to be infected with C. parvum than those captured in spring and summer.
Activation and inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes α and β by Gd3

Abstract Gd 3+ was evaluated as a probe for Ca 2+ sites on protein kinase C (PKC) by studying its ability to replace Ca 2+ in activation of PKC isozymes II (β) and III (α) in the lipid systems phosphatidylserine/1,2-dioleoyl- sn -glycerol (PS/ DO) and diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine (PC 7 )/DO. PKCβ was stimulated by Ca 2+ or Gd 3+ in PS/DO whereas activity in PC 7 /DO was independent of these metals. Thus, it is suggested that Gd 3+ replaces Ca 2+ at a site involving metal-lipid interactions. High concentrations of Ca 2+ or Gd 3+ inhibited activity in both lipid systems. Analysis of the Gd 3+ inhibition in the PC 7 /DO system suggests that it is due to formation of GdATP, which competes at the MgATP site. Activity of PKCα was dependent on low concentrations of Ca 2+ in both lipid systems. The ability of Gd 3+ to substitute for Ca 2+ could not be evaluated in the PS system due to the inability to completely remove contaminating Ca 2+ without chelating buffers. Successful reduction of contaminating Ca 2+ was achieved in the PC 7 system but Gd 3+ failed to substitute for Ca 2+ in activating PKCα and only caused inhibition. This is consistent with binding of Gd 3+ to a Ca 2+ site at or near the active site of the enzyme rather than to a site on the lipid. These results indicate that interactions between PKC and Gd 3+ are complex, involving occupation of more than one class of sites. Conditions for separately evaluating the individual sites can be manipulated by selection of isozyme and lipid system.
The development of narrative competence in the L1 and L2 of Spanish-English bilingual children

The present paper examines the development of narrative competence in the two languages of three Spanish-English bilingual children with different proficiency levels in each language. The children'...
Characteristics of Rear-End Accidents at Signalized Intersections using Multiple Logistic Regression Model

Multi-vehicle rear-end accidents constitute a substantial portion of the accidents occurring at signalized intersections. To examine the accident characteristics, this study utilized the 2001 Florida traffic accident data to investigate the accident propensity for different vehicle roles (striking or struck) that are involved in the accidents and identify the significant risk factors related to the traffic environment, the driver characteristics, and the vehicle types. The Quasi-induced exposure concept and the multiple logistic regression technique are used to perform this analysis. The results showed that seven road environment factors (number of lanes, divided/undivided highway, accident time, road surface condition, highway character, urban/rural, and speed limit), five factors related to striking role (vehicle type, driver age, alcohol/drug use, driver residence, and gender), and four factors related to struck role (vehicle type, driver age, driver residence, and gender) are significantly associated with the risk of rear-end accidents. Furthermore, the logistic regression technique confirmed several significant interaction effects between those risk factors.
Psi experiments: do the best parapsychological experiments justify the claims for psi?

Since the founding of the Society of Psychical Research in 1982, psychical researchers have, in each generation, generated research reports which they believed justified the existence of paranormal phenomena. Throughout this period the scientific establishment has either rejected or ignored such claims. The parapsychologists, with some justification, complained that their claims were being rejected without the benefit of a fair hearing. This paper asks the question of how well the best contemporary evidence for psi — the term used to designate ESP and psychokinetic phenomena — stands up to fair and unbiased appraisal. The results of the scrutiny of the three most widely heralded programs of research — the remote viewing experiments, the psi ganzfeld research, and the work with random number generators — indicates that parapsychological research falls short of the professed standards of the field. In particular, the available reports indicate that randomization is often inadequate, multiple statistical testing without adjustment for significance levels is prevalent, possibilities for sensory leakage are not uniformly prevented, errors in use of statistical tests are much too common, and documentation is typically inadequate. Although the responsible critic cannot argue that these observed departures from optimal experimental procedures have been the sole cause of the reported findings, it is reasonable to demand that the parapsychologists produce consistently significant findings from experiments that are methodologically adequate before their claims are taken seriously.
Heuristic Procedures for Practical‐Sized Uncapacitated Location‐Capacitated Routing Problems*

Facility location and vehicle routing are two important logistical problems closely interrelated in many real-world applications where locating facilities and determining the associated multi-stop vehicle routes are required simultaneously. Previous research has found that using the classical facility location models on these location-routing problems (LRPs) may lead to suboptimal solutions. We propose an approximate approach for the LRPs, which first generates and improves feasible location/allocation schemes with the associated multi-stop routing costs approximated using some route length estimators. We then design the minimum-cost routes based on the location/allocation results. We review two estimators that can provide accurate approximations to the multi-stop route distances; define the uncapacitated location-capacitated routing problem; and evaluate several heuristic procedures for approximately solving the problem. Computational results show that when vehicle capacities are not too restrictive, the sequential procedures that incorporate the two robust route length estimators can produce good solutions to practical-sized problems with a reasonable amount of computational efforts.
Hemorrhagic Ganglion of the Tibialis Anterior Tendon: Report of an Unusual Variant

While clinicians have encountered heme-laden ganglion cysts in the past, to our knowledge the condition has never been described in the literature as a distinct pathological entity, namely, the hemorrhagic ganglion. Because hemorrhage may alter the appearance of an aspirate obtained from a ganglion cyst, and hemosiderin deposition within a ganglion cyst may alter the signal characteristics observed on a magnetic resonance image, such that both of these diagnostic methods may suggest the presence of a solid mass tumor rather than a ganglion cyst, it is important for clinicians and surgeons to be aware of the possibility of the presence of a hemorrhagic ganglion cyst. In this report, we present a case wherein a hemorrhagic ganglion cyst of the tibialis anterior tendon was identified and excised.
A Micro-Fabricated Electrical Impedance Based Hematology Analyzer

Our work proposes a device to monitor and measure three key hematology parameters: red blood cell count (RBC), mean red blood cell volume (MCV), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW). This device will be a microfabricated microchannel unit. Cellular detection will be performed using an impedance device through a series of filter beds with channel dimensions of approximately 2–7 μm wide × 5 μm high × 5–15 μm long.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
A Renal Transplantation Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience

Objectives. To establish and evaluate an ambulatory care renal transplantation clinic advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE). Design. Students spend 5 weeks performing pharmaceutical care activities for renal transplant patients, presenting health-related topics, and conducting research. A paired t test was used to determine differences between students' pre- and post-APPE test scores. Standardized evaluations completed by the preceptor and the students were used to evaluate learning and the APPE. Assessment. Posttest scores were significantly higher than pretest scores (n = 17; 88.2 ± 7.3 vs 55.9 ± 22.4; p < 0.001). Overall, students found this APPE enjoyable and believed that it increased their knowledge concerning transplant medicine and patient care. Conclusion. With the recommendation that all transplant programs have clinical pharmacy services, it is imperative to train students to care for transplant patients. Information in this manuscript can be used as a guide for utilizing the combined re...
Getting the Shape of Methyl Internal Rotation Potential Surfaces Right

The effect of the multidimensional character of methyl internal rotation on torsional potential functions in small conjugated methyl molecules is discussed. Partitioned energetics obtained from different ab initio calculation levels are divided into σ and π symmetry components and then further dissected by breakdown of the fully relaxed internal rotation process into separate relaxation steps and their nuclear virials. Important contributions to barrier shape, height, and origin are thus disclosed. The analysis reveals closely balanced antagonistic π and σ contributions as determinants for the barrier height and identifies the dominant contributions to the barrier origin as σ-bonding changes largely resulting from bond lengthening during methyl group rotation. Skeletal hydrogen out-of-plane motion components of the torsional coordinate (e.g. CH2 ethylenic twisting in propene) provide a general mechanism for barrier narrowing in small conjugated methyl molecules. Rydberg jet experiments are discussed as a ...
The role of elastic anisotropy on plasticity in hcp metals: a three-dimensional dislocation dynamics study

The effects of long-range and short-range interactions on the early stress–strain response and dislocation density evolution in hexagonal close-packed (hcp) metals are studied using three-dimensional discrete dislocation dynamics (DD). To examine long-range interactions, the DD code is developed such that elastic stress fields between interacting dislocations are calculated by either enforcing elastic isotropy or considering the actual elastic anisotropic constants of the hcp metal. To improve treatment of short-range interactions, a set of local rules for the behavior of closely interacting dislocations is implemented. In particular, a new scheme for elastic repulsion in the event of repulsive short-range interactions is presented and found to have a significant effect on the stress–strain response and dislocation density evolution. Large-scale simulations are performed for three hcp single crystals (Hf, Mg and Zr) in c-axis tension to examine the effect of elastic anisotropy on the collective response of several interacting dislocations. It is found that departure from isotropic elasticity has a substantial effect on strain hardening, particularly for Hf.
New and proper integral equations for site-site equilibrium correlations in molecular fluids

We show that the often used site-site direct correlation function cannot be defined in terms of a sum over a subset of the diagrams in the interaction site cluster series for the equilibrium pair correlation functions of a molecular fluid. However, from an exact topological reduction, we arrive at a new class of site-site direct correct correlation functions that are properly defined in the diagrammatic sense. The class is composed of four topologically distinct functions which are related to each other and the pair correlation function through four coupled Ornstein-Zernike-like equations. These new integral equations are exact and provide a rigorous foundation for integral equation theories of molecular fluids. The formal solutions to the equations are constructed, and the utility of the formulation is illustrated by discussing one example of an approximate closure to the integral equations.
Content-based image indexing and retrieval system in ImageRoadMap

ImageRoadMap is a new content-based retrieval system for retrieval of images by visual information. The system provides full capabilities for indexing and retrieval of images, their visual features and many other diverse data types. We introduce combination of effective indexing methods based on a novel spatial color distribution mode. By utilizing Self- Organizing Feature Map and other indexing methods, spatial color distribution, dominant color set, number of objects and other visual features may be computed. It also provides capabilities for similarity measurement and similarity based indexing. ImageRoadMap includes a powerful multi-faceted querying mechanism, which allows queries to be formulated and presented in several different ways. Depending on the characteristics and the nature of the query, the user may choose, Query by Example, Query by Spatial Color Distribution, Query by Color Contents, Query by Sketch, Query by Concept, or a combination of any of the above. The current interface support iterative multi-modal query formulation in which the user presents whatever relevant information that is available through appropriate windows.