cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of software for localization of stationary wireless sensor nodes (non-reviewed)

Summary form only given. Localization is the process of finding the geometric location of a wireless sensor node according to some real or virtual coordinate system. Localization is an important task when direct measurements of the wireless sensor locations are not available. Effective localization algorithms can use available information from wireless sensors to infer position of individual node. Various techniques have been evolved in localizing sensor nodes. In this work, passive localization algorithms are developed and tested. The algorithms perform region based localization of stationary wireless sensors with respect to a frame of reference using received signal strength of the sensors. The reported work is conducted in two phases, theoretical development then hardware testing. In the first phase, localization algorithms to predict the location of wireless sensor nodes were developed. We categorized localization of sensors in three different scenarios.
TRACING THE ANCESTRY OF THE GREAT WHITE SHARK, CARCHARODON CARCHARIAS, USING MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSES OF FOSSIL TEETH

Abstract The evolutionary origin of the great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) is unclear, with debate centering around two principal hypotheses. The first, based on similarity in tooth shape, claims that C. carcharias originated from a group of extinct mako sharks that includes Isurus hastalis. The second hypothesis, based mostly on cladistic evidence, claims that C. carcharias originated from the same lineage as the giant megatoothed sharks, sharing a close evolutionary ancestor with the extinct Carcharodon megalodon. To distinguish between the two hypotheses we performed several morphometric analyses. In the first analysis, we used Procrustes method and principal components analysis to quantify variation between C. carcharias, I. hastalis, and C. megalodon in four different positions within the dentition. The results indicate no significant difference in tooth shape between C. carcharias and I. hastalis. In the second analysis, correlating tooth size with age, we analyzed teeth from upper anterior ...
WINTER HABITAT SELECTION BY SITKA BLACK-TAILED DEER

Abstract Identifying and managing Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) habitat has been an important wildlife issue for many years on the Tongass National Forest of southeastern Alaska, USA. We evaluated habitat selection of Sitka black-tailed deer in the central portion of the region during a winter with snowfall 43% above average using telemetry relocations from 30 individuals that survived the winter. Ivlev indices for habitat selection within home ranges indicated that deer used less than expected, based on availability, north, east, and west aspects, areas > 244-m elevation, noncommercial forests, and the low-timber volume stratum while selecting south aspects, areas < 153-m elevation, and areas within 305 m of saltwater. Deer used less than expected moderately coarse-canopied forests in the medium- and high-timber volume strata typically found on north slopes while selecting moderately fine-canopied forest in the high-timber volume stratum on south slopes. The lower than expected ...
Quasi-geostrophic baroclinic flow past isolated obstacles

The effects of inclusion of vertical shear in the problem of steady flow of an inviscid, rotating and stratified fluid past isolated topography are discussed. It is shown that the presence of baroclinicity in the undisturbed flow far from the obstacle, in the parameter range considered here, produces an anti-cyclonic vortex bound to the obstacle, like in the unsheared case, but whose intensity is modified by the shear. In particular, if the velocity of basic flow increases with height, the intensity of the vortex is decreased with respect to the barotropic case, because of the horizontal advection of potential temperature. Analytical solutions are presented in the case of small amplitude obstacles.
SP0163 Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Angioproliferative Pah

Severe angioproliferative PAH still today remains refractory to treatment, and PAH associated with scleroderma has a particularly dismal prognosis.A close link between idiopathic PAH and complex immune disorders has been recognized for decades and cells of the innate (macrophages, mast cells) and adaptive (T cells, B cells and dendritic cells) are present in and around the pulmonary vascular lesions; there are lymph follicles in close proximity to the lung vessel lesions. New animal models of severe PAH have recently improved our understanding of this link. In mice activated T lymphocytes appear to be involved in the muscularization of pulmonary arterioles and T cell deficient athymic rats treated with the VEGF receptor inhibitor Sugen 5416 (Su) develop lethal angioobliterative PAH that is rescued by transplantation of regulatory T cells. In human PAH high blood levels of IL-1 and IL-6 predict a shorter survival, there is a reduction of circulating T reg cell numbers and endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis, as in scleroderma. May be the initiating pathobiologically important event. Lung small vessel EC apoptosis may be triggered by high shear stress, impaired VEGF signaling, anti –endothelial cell antibodies and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Hypoxia may, via HIF-1α and NFkappaB cause and amplify inflammation, alter the immune response and stimulate VEGF-dependent EC proliferation. The growth of apoptosis-resistant vascular cells may be driven and maintained by precursor/stem cells. Macrophage-derived LTB4 plays an important role in the athymic Su rat model of severe PAH and perhaps in patients with scleroderma-associated severe PAH who have elevated blood levels of the EC apoptosis – inducing LTB4. In conclusion: both elements of the innate and adaptive immune system participate in the pathobiology of severe angioobliterative PAH. Specific treatments targeting critically important signaling nodes of inflammatory pathways need to be developed and tested. Disclosure of Interest None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.6270
Structural Thermodynamic Model for the Durability and Viscosity of Nuclear Waste Glasses

A model based upon structural thermodynamic considerations has been proposed for both chemical durability and viscosity of nuclear waste glasses. This model assumes the bond strength between atoms in the glass to be the predominant factor in controlling the composition dependence of physical properties such as viscosity and chemical properties like durability. These characteristic bond strengths in the glass are obtained from known heats of formation of the constituent oxides with a few simple structural rules deduced by distinguishing the structural roles of the various oxides, i.e., separating those components that are clearly “network-formers” (e.g. SiO2, Al2O3, ZrO2) from those that are clearly “network-breakers” (e.g. alkali oxides). This model has been successfully applied to the correlation of glass composition with modified MCC-3 leach test results on nuclear waste glasses measured at various laboratories on one hand and with the viscosities of numerous glasses over a temperature range of 850°C to 1600°C with remarkable accuracy on the other hand.
Nesting habitat and nesting success of eastern wild turkeys in the Arkansas ozark highlands

I studied nesting habitat of the eastern Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in the Arkansas Ozarks during the breeding seasons of 1992 and 1993. Hens selected cover with greater complexity and variability in habitat structure than was generally available. Vegetation in preferred cover types provided substantial concealment at 0-1 m height. Hens selected large patches of habitat (about 80 m in diameter) for nesting. Areas adjacent to nests had characteristics intermediate between nest and non-use sites. Open overstory at nest site and dense understory adjacent to the nest-site areas were apparently used as cues in nest habitat selection early in spring. Parameters correlated with enhanced lateral and overhead concealment of the nest site contributed the most to discrimination between used and non-used sites. Successful and depredated nests were best discriminated when data were considered on a larger spatial scale. Visual obstruction of the nest at 0-1 m height and variable nesting habitat appearance contributed the most to avoiding nest predation. Vegetation characteristics at renest sites were more variable, resulting in habitat appearance more diverse than that of first nest sites. I suggest that nest predation influences habitat selection here and availability of suitable nesting habitat may be a limiting factor for Wild Turkey populations in the Arkansas Ozarks
DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY’S IN-TRAINING EXAMINATION

The American College of Cardiology (ACC), in collaboration with the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME), developed the first standardized in-training examination (ITE) for cardiology fellows-in-training (FITs). The ITE tests knowledge across the six competencies and incorporates the newly
Chapter 2: Human Rights Investigation

This chapter in The Handbook of Human Rights Investigation provides an overview of conducting investigations into serious violations of human rights.
Hydrocarbon Reversed Accumulation Model of Big Depression Syncline Area——A Case of the Fuyang Reservoir in the Sanzhao Depression

The Fuyang reservoir of the Sanzhao depression in the Songliao Basin is a typical large-depression reserved-migration accumulation.300 seismic sections,log curves of 825 wells,11 well-cores and exploratory well testing data were applied to do some composite study on the features and moving periods of faults,hydrocarbon down-migration depth,reservoir depositional characteristics and so on, the main factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation. They are concluded that: (1) T2 faults are controlled by basement fault,lower craters,difference between the amount of oblique tension and extension,having the association characteristics of concentrated into ribbons in plane,"flower-like" combination in section. And the oil sources faults that are active at the hydrocarbon accumulation period are mainly boundary faults of concentrated ribbons. (2) Theoretical calculations of down-migration depth driven by overpressure and the statistics on the practical oil pan envelope suggest that the thickness bearing oil in the Fuyang reservoir is 200m. (3) Heavy mineral analysis that the Fuyang reservoir are mainly affected by the northern Baiquan—Qinggang source and the southwest Baokang source.And the two source meet in the region of Xujiaweizi then flow to the east. (4) Sedimentary microfacies reveal that the Fuyang reservoir grow gradually retrogradation shallow delta depositional system.The top is delta front facies,and the middle and bottom is delta distributary plain facies. The development period of FⅠ7—FⅡ1 is the largest period of region water regression,which are the main enrichment horizon. At the end of the Mingshui Group,the Qingshankou source rocks reach oil generation peak,hydrocarbon migration episodic pass down to along open boundary faults of concentrated ribbons,and crossrange migration for short distance along distributary river sand on uplifted side of the both side.That is,horst and fault horst that located with both sides of the fault concentrated ribbons are hydrocarbon concentrate region,the concentrated ribbons are always combinative graben which is not good for accumulation.At the guidance of the accumulation model,47 hydrocarbon-riched target area were depicted,which gave a clear direction in the exploration and development for the Fuyang in the Songliao basin.
Microcarrier-Guided Nanopore Dielectrophoresis for Selective Nucleic Acid Detection

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is the motion of a polarizable particle in a non-uniform electric field due to an unbalanced electrostatic force on the particle's induced dipole. The DEP mechanism has been extensively utilized for manipulation of biological particles, from cancer cells and viruses to biomolecules such as DNAs and proteins, for their concentration, separation, sorting, and transport. However, current DEP approaches to molecular manipulation are not selective, as DEP is not sensitive enough to discriminate among the induced dipoles of different molecules. Here we explore a novel single-molecule DEP mechanism, carrier-guided nanopore dielectrophoresis, for selective nucleic acid sequence detection. Rather than rely on a target's native polarizability, we designed a polycationic carrier to impart a tunable synthetic dipole to the target nucleic acid molecule; carrier sensitivity and selectivity are both programmable. Such synthetic dipoles can be captured in an engineered nanopore, which acts as an ideal foul-free point source to generate an extremely high field gradient (ΔE∼107 V·m-1 per nanometer or ∼1016 V·m-2) for molecular dipole manipulation. Non-target nucleic acids do not bind the carriers and hence are repelled from the pore by electrophoresis. To elucidate the mechanism of the dipole capture by the nanopore, we took an all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach to observe the movements of and forces on the dipole. Simulation results predicted significantly increased force attracting the probe into the engineered nanopore as opposed to the wild type, consistent with the increased capture rates observed in experiment. Most strikingly of all, we find that a carrier with only a few positive charges can drive any length of DNA or RNA with equal capture efficiency. Development of nanopore dielectrophoretic detection thus offers ready medical applications of nanopore technology.
Misdiagnosis of ADHD in Individuals Diagnosed With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Guidelines for Practitioners

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are reported to frequently co-occur, particularly in children. However, recent research undermines the viability of such comorbidity. Research further suggests that OCD is associated with deficient cognitive functioning, particularly in the domain of executive function. This may be the underlying reason for the high co-occurrence rates of ADHD reported in OCD samples, compared to the relatively low rates of OCD reported in ADHD samples. Furthermore, a contrasting neurobiological, phenomenological, pharmacological, and psychotherapeutic profile between the two disorders further challenges the viability of a genuine comorbidity. In addition, there is a lack of a solid etiological account for such comorbidity—which may be to a large extent mediated by the presence of tic disorders. The consequences of misdiagnosis of OCD as ADHD in children may be dire because of the putative negative impact of stimulant medications on OCD symptoms. It is recommended that clinicians exercise vigilance when facing a potential dual diagnosis of ADHD and OCD. In order to determine whether OCD is the primary disorder clinicians should inquire about the possibility of a background tic disorder, assess compulsive rituals, impulsivity, risk taking, and the level of distress associated with intrusive thoughts. Once OCD has been determined as the primary condition, inattention and executive dysfunction should be carefully considered as an epiphenomenon of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Abstract 901: Transgenerational inheritance of increased mammary cancer risk in the offspring of high fat diet fed dams: Changes in oxidative stress pathways

Maternal high fat diet has been shown to increase mammary cancer risk among female offspring. We investigated here if the increase is seen across multiple generations. For that purpose, pregnant C57BL/6NTac dams (F0) were fed either a control (CON, 6% corn oil) or an isocaloric high n-6 polyunsaturated fat (HF) diet (18% corn oil) between gestation days 8 and 21. Offspring in subsequent generations (F1-F3) were not exposed to any further dietary modifications, and kept on CON diet. Mammary tumors were initiated by priming the mammary glands with 15 mg medroxyprogesterone (MPA) at week 6, followed by a 1 mg dose of 7,12-dimethylbetz(a)anthracene (DMBA) given on weeks 7-9 for a total of 3 doses. Animals were monitored for 20 weeks after the final dose of DMBA for tumors. Both F1 and F3 generation female HF offspring exhibited a significantly higher mammary tumor incidence and tumor burden than the control offspring. In F3 generation, the increase was seen from week 12 of tumor monitoring until the end of the study. The increase in risk was preceded by a higher number of terminal end buds in the F1 and F3 generation mammary glands. Malondialdehyde (MDA) adduct levels were found to be significantly elevated in the HF group of F3 offspring, suggesting that the increased mammary cancer risk in this generation was attributed to oxidative stress. Western blot analysis of mammary glands identified significantly elevated Keap1 (a repressor of the antioxidant response) and PERK levels in HF F3 offspring; and elevated levels of Beclin-1 and p62 in both F1 and F3 generations compared with CON offspring, corroborating with the idea that oxidative stress was the culprit. miRNA analysis of F3 mammary glands showed decreased expression of mir-324-5p, mir-136 and mir-378 that target Keap1 and p62, potentially explaining the increase in Keap1 and p62 levels. Our results suggest that oxidative stress and antioxidant response plays a role in explaining transgenerational increase in mammary cancer risk among offspring exposed to high fat diet through F0 dams. Citation Format: Nguyen M. Nguyen, Fabia O. Andrade, Sonia DeAssis, Idalia Cruz, Carlos Benitez, Roger Godschalk, Leena Hilakivi-Clarke. Transgenerational inheritance of increased mammary cancer risk in the offspring of high fat diet fed dams: Changes in oxidative stress pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 901.
Corpos noturnos, identidades embaçadas, projetos anômalos: seguindo os passos de Cortázar nas milongas de Buenos Aires

O conto “Las Puertas Del Cielo” de Julio Cortazar e utilizado para criticar a producao de textos etnograficos em parte pela figura do “seguir”. A autora e sua narradora etnografica Elvira Diaz seguem Cortazar e seu narrador etnografico Marcelo Hardoy no sentido em que um antropologo segue o trabalho de campo feito por outro. Assim o presente artigo pode ser lido como um re-estudo produzido por Diaz cinquenta anos depois que Hardoy produziu seu estudo das milongas de Buenos Aires. Isso levanta questoes de replicabilidade e intertextualidade na producao etnografica. A autora tambem segue Cortazar em estilo e conteudo. Como o trabalho de Cortazar e ficcional e este etnografico, esta instância do “seguir” levanta questoes sobre as relacoes entre as narrativas etnografica e ficcional. A autora e Diaz tambem seguem Cortazar e Hardoy no sentido que a dancadora de tango segue seu par masculino. Porque Hardoy e masculino e Diaz feminina o artigo tambem levanta a questao de como a identidade de genero de um etnografo afeta sua pesquisa e sua escrita. O artigo tambem demonstra mimeticamente que as relacoes de genero no tango sao contestadas e que o papel feminino esta longe de ser passivo. Tambem chama a atencao para como as identidades noturnas dos dancadores do tango seguem e resistem a seguir suas identidades na vida cotidiana.AbstractJulio Cortazar's short story “Las Puertas de Cielo” is used to critique the production of ethnographic texts, in part by focusing on the figure of “following”. The author and her ethnographic narrator Elvira Diaz follow Cortazar and his ethnographic narrator Marcelo Hardoy in several senses. Diaz follows Hardoy in the sense that one anthropologist follows up on fieldwork done by another. Thus, the present article can be read as a restudy, produced by Diaz fifty years after Hardoy produced his study ofmilongas in Buenos Aires. This raises issues of replicability and intertextuality in ethnographic production. The author also follows Cortazar in style and content. Given that Cortazar's work is fictional and the present work is ethnographic, this instance of following raises issues of how ethnographic story-telling is related to fictional narration. The author and Diaz also follow Cortazar and Hardoy in the sense that a female tango-dancer follows her male partner. Because Hardoy is male and Diaz is female, the article raises issues of how the gender identity of an ethnographer effects his/her research and writing. The article also demonstrates mimetically that gender relations in tango are contested and that the female role is far from passive. The article also calls attention to how tango-dancers’ nocturnal identities similarly follow and resist following their identities in everyday life.
The Design, Delivery and Evaluation of Crew Resource Management Training

Publisher Summary Crew Resource Management (CRM) is viewed as a critical training component for teams and crews in high-reliability organizations. The sheer complexity of a comprehensive CRM training evaluation can be daunting to many organizations. This chapter aims to ease this complexity and provide a more uniform approach to CRM training evaluation through the presentation of a framework and practical guidelines that can be applied across organizations and industries. It outlines the purpose of training evaluation as it applies to CRM, then reviews current practices in CRM training evaluation, highlighting challenges and limitations in current evaluation techniques. The study provides a discussion of future directions needed to improve CRM evaluation, built around their framework for CRM training design, delivery, evaluation, and incorporating a set of practical guidelines that is necessary for an effective CRM training evaluation. It is hoped that this approach will promote both advances in improving the science of training design, delivery, and evaluation for CRM, as well as provide a foundation for practitioners to develop assessment strategies that are scientifically sound and functional in the real world.
Corneal epithelial cells function as surrogate Schwann cells for their sensory nerves

The eye is innervated by neurons derived from both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system (PNS). While much is known about retinal neurobiology and phototransduction, less attention has been paid to the innervation of the eye by the PNS and the roles it plays in maintaining a functioning visual system. The ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal ganglion contains somas of neurons that innervate the cornea. These nerves provide sensory functions for the cornea and are referred to as intraepithelial corneal nerves (ICNs) consisting of subbasal nerves and their associated intraepithelial nerve terminals. ICNs project for several millimeters within the corneal epithelium without Schwann cell support. Here, we present evidence for the hypothesis that corneal epithelial cells function as glial cells to support the ICNs. Much of the data supporting this hypothesis is derived from studies of corneal development and the reinnervation of the ICNs in the rodent and rabbit cornea after superficial wounds. Corneal epithelial cells activate in response to injury via mechanisms similar to those induced in Schwann cells during Wallerian Degeneration. Corneal epithelial cells phagocytize distal axon fragments within hours of ICN crush wounds. During aging, the proteins, lipids, and mitochondria within the ICNs become damaged in a process exacerbated by UV light. We propose that ICNs shed their aged and damaged termini and continuously elongate to maintain their density. Available evidence points to new unexpected roles for corneal epithelial cells functioning as surrogate Schwann cells for the ICNs during homeostasis and in response to injury. GLIA 2017;65:851-863.
Rigidity and flexibility in the tetrasaccharide linker of proteoglycans from atomic‐resolution molecular simulation

Proteoglycans (PGs) are covalent conjugates between protein and carbohydrate (glycosaminoglycans). Certain classes of glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate utilize a specific tetrasaccharide linker for attachment to the protein component: GlcAβ1-3Galβ1-3Galβ1-4Xylβ1-O-Ser. Toward understanding the conformational preferences of this linker, the present work used all-atom explicit-solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with Adaptive Biasing Force (ABF) sampling to determine high-resolution, high-precision conformational free energy maps ΔG(φ, ψ) for each glycosidic linkage between constituent disaccharides, including the variant where GlcA is substituted with IdoA. These linkages are characterized by single, predominant (> 97% occupancy), and broad (45° × 60° for ΔG(φ, ψ) < 1 kcal/mol) free-energy minima, while the Xyl-Ser linkage has two such minima similar in free-energy, and additional flexibility from the Ser sidechain dihedral. Conformational analysis of microsecond-scale standard MD on the complete tetrasaccharide-O-Ser conjugate is consistent with ABF data, suggesting (φ, ψ) probabilities are independent of the linker context, and that the tetrasaccharide acts as a relatively rigid unit whereas significant conformational heterogeneity exists with respect to rotation about bonds connecting Xyl to Ser. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low temperature heat capacities and related thermal properties of TbAl2 and HoAl2

Heat capacities of TbAl 2 and HoAl 2 for the range 5 to 300 K are presented. The magnetic contribution, ( C p )mag, for TbAl 2 is very broad, resembling that for GdA1 2 . ( C p )mag for HoAl 2 is generally similar but, in addition, peaks in C p are observed at 20 and 28 K. The measured magnetic entropies for the two compounds are only about 80% of R ln (2 J + 1). The possibility cannot be excluded that the ground state is doubly degenerate in these cases. The data are t reated to give values of the Third Law Entropy ( S ), H – Ho and F-Ho.
Psychosine is as potent an inducer of cell death as C6-ceramide in cultured fibroblasts and in MOCH-1 cells.

Cytotoxic capacity of psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) was evaluated in comparison with C6-ceramide in cultured fibroblasts and the glia-derived MOCH-1 cells that have characteristics of myelinating cells (1). Psychosine caused cytotoxic cell death and DNA fragmentation at concentrations similar to C6-ceramide and MOCH-1 cells were substantially more sensitive to their cytotoxic effects than fibroblasts. In this system, pretreatment with GM1-ganglioside failed to protect the cells from the deleterious effects of these compounds. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychosine is the cytotoxic metabolite that causes apoptotic death of the oligodendrocyte in globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). They further suggest that the protective capacity of GM1-ganglioside is unlikely to be the explanation for the paradoxical improvement of the phenotype of globoid cell leukodystrophy in the mouse simultaneously deficient in two lysosomal β-galactosidases, galactosylceramidase and GM1-ganglioside β-galactosidase.
Bifurcated BACH2 control coordinates mantle cell lymphoma survival and dispersal during hypoxia

BACH2, a B-cell-specific transcription factor, plays a critical role in oxidative stress-mediated drug resistance in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL); however, the biological functions of BACH2 and its regulation of B-cell malignancies in chronic hypoxic microenvironment have not been studied. Here, we found that silencing BACH2 led to not only increased tumor formation and colony formation but also increased tumor dispersal to spleen and bone marrow. Decreased BACH2 levels in patients were also correlated with bone marrow and gastrointestinal dispersal of MCL and blastoid subtypes of MCL. Unexpectedly, decreased BACH2 levels in dispersed MCL cells were due to direct transcriptional repression by hypoxia-induced factor 1α (HIF-1α) and increased heme-mediated protein degradation. In normoxic conditions, BACH2 was able to modulate HIF-1α degradation by suppressing prolyl hydroxylase 3 expression. Bifurcated BACH2 controls during hypoxia and normoxia coordinate not only MCL tumor dispersal but also drug resistance, including bortezomib resistance, via plasmacytic differentiation. Our data highlight an interactive relationship between tumor cells and local microenvironment and the mechanisms of B-cell transcription factor in the regulation of MCL dispersal.
Flood Loss Redistribution in a Third World Megacity: The Case of Mumbai

Loss redistribution2 is an embedded coping3 mechanism that plays a significant role in sustaining low income populations during times of crisis. Mumbai provides evidence of existing and emerging loss redistribution practices that may be representative of slums in many other Third World mega cities. In Mumbai slum, populations typically have access to more than one method of loss redistribution, depending on a variety of socio-economic factors, to assist in the recovery process after floods. The study identifies these socio- economic factors that impact the type and number of sources available to affected households and in turn also serve as an indicator of resilience in these communities.
Cancer, Intestinal Carcinoid

Carcinoid tumor refers to a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) that originate commonly in the gastrointestinal tract (about 55%) or in other locations such as the lung, kidneys, or the ovaries. The exception to this includes pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors which are a separate entity called PNET. The term Carcinoid is the old name of NET originating from the intestine although many physicians are still using the term. The name was derived from the word "Karzinoide" to indicate the carcinoma-like appearance. It was believed to carry no malignant potential. Our knowledge and management of NETs have significantly developed since then.
Sleep Disturbance Mediates the Association of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Pain in Patients With Cancer.

Background:Sleep disturbance is a common complaint of patients with cancer and is well established in both pain conditions and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An estimated one-third of patients with cancer develop symptoms of PTSD at some point in their treatment. However, few studies have evaluated the contributions of PTSD and sleep disturbance to pain processes in cancer populations. The current study used mediation models to test the hypothesis that sleep disturbance would mediate the relationships between PTSD symptoms and pain intensity and PTSD symptoms and pain interference in a sample of patients with cancer.Methods:A cross-sectional, retrospective chart review was conducted of the electronic medical records of 85 adult patients with cancer (89.4% female; 59% white; 42% metastatic) who sought individual psychosocial support services at our institution.Results:Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, sleep disturbance, pain intensity, and pain interference were all positively correlated (P ...
Actionable Analytics for Strategic Maintenance of Critical Software: An Industry Experience Report

NASA has been successfully sustaining the continuous operation of its critical navigation software systems for over 12 years. To accomplish this, NASA scientists must continuously monitor their process, report on current system quality, forecast maintenance effort, and sustain required staffing levels. This report presents some examples of the use of a robust software metrics and analytics program that enables actionable strategic maintenance management of a critical system (Monte) in a timely, economical, and risk-controlled fashion. This article is part of a special issue on Actionable Analytics for Software Engineering.
A retrospective review of borderline resectable-locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma (BR-LAPC) undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) at the University of Colorado Cancer Center.

436Background: Metastatic pancreatic chemotherapy regimens are often used as neoadjuvant treatment in the LAPC setting. The University of Colorado has a treatment paradigm for BR-LAPC which consist...
Updates on Selected Topics in Lung Cancers: Air Space Invasion in Adenocarcinoma and Ki-67 Staining in Carcinoid Tumors

Context.— Air space invasion or aerogenous spread of lung adenocarcinoma is a relatively new concept and has been implicated as a potential prognostic factor as well as has been added as an exclusi...
Female Adaptations to Ovulation

Particularly when compared to many other primates, human females appear to have lost any cues to their ovulatory status at some point during our evolutionary past. Until recently, it was assumed that the timing of peak fertility was hidden from both men and women. However, current evidence suggests that subtle changes in women’s behavior and preferences that correspond with the periovulatory period of a woman’s menstrual cycle persist and may function to promote conception, particularly with higher quality males. Women appear more sexually motivated, are rated as more attractive, and may be better able to attract a mate around ovulation compared to other points in the cycle. Moreover, women report higher attraction to putative indicators of underlying genetic health in men when conception is most likely, which may allow offspring to reap associated genetic benefits. Critically, men seem capable of detecting subtle cues to ovulation, increasing their ratings of the attractiveness of periovulatory women and, according to their romantic partners, engaging in more mate guarding behavior. Altogether, the current research suggests that female ovulation is not entirely concealed.
Complications Associated with the Placement of the Pulmonary Artery Catheter

Since the early 1970’s when Swan, Ganz and associates published their work on “bedside” right heart catheterization using a balloon flotation catheter, this technique has become widely used and accepted. The original publications on pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization led one to believe that this procedure was easy, safe, and effective.
RangeFinder: Accelerating ball-interference queries against steady lattices

Abstract Advances in additive manufacturing techniques are enabling the fabrication of new microstructures and materials. These may often be defined in terms of a set of balls and of beams that each connects two balls. To support application needs, we must efficiently support structures with billions of beams. To address this challenge, we advocate steady lattices, which implicitly define a u × v × w array of groups of balls such that each consecutive pair of groups in a given direction is related by the same similarity transformation and such that the beams are defined to periodically connect the same corresponding, relatively-indexed pairs of balls. We propose an algorithm that accelerates the Ball-Interference Query (BIQ), which establishes which balls and beams of the lattice interfere with a query ball Q . Our RangeFinder solution reduces the asymptotic time-complexity of BIQ from O ( u v w ) to O ( u v ) . For special cases, it reduces the complexity even further down to O ( u ) and O ( 1 ) . In our tests, RangeFinder reduced the query time by up to a factor of 9420 times. RangeFinder does not use any spatial occupancy data structure and can be trivially parallelized. We demonstrate the effectiveness of RangeFinder on standard lattices and also on their multi-level Lattice-in-Lattice (LiL) variants.
Accurate Predictions of Electron Binding Energies of Dipole-Bound Anions via Quantum Monte Carlo Methods

Neutral molecules with sufficiently large dipole moments can bind electrons in diffuse nonvalence orbitals with most of their charge density far from the nuclei, forming so-called dipole-bound anions. Because long-range correlation effects play an important role in the binding of an excess electron and overall binding energies are often only on the order of 10s–100s of wave numbers, predictively modeling dipole-bound anions remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that quantum Monte Carlo methods can accurately characterize molecular dipole-bound anions with near-threshold dipole moments. We also show that correlated sampling Auxiliary Field Quantum Monte Carlo is particularly well-suited for resolving the fine energy differences between the neutral and anionic species. These results shed light on the fundamental limitations of quantum Monte Carlo methods and pave the way toward using them for the study of weakly bound species that are too large to model using traditional electron structure methods.
Public Policy and Supply Chain Management: Using Shared Foundational Principles to Improve Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation

Public policy and associated governmental regulatory issues play critical roles in shaping the practice of supply chain management (SCM). To date, however, these issues remain largely unexplored by SCM researchers. This article makes the case that such issues are highly relevant to the field of SCM, and that SCM researchers are uniquely positioned to speak to the issues by virtue of the foundational principles and levels of analysis that define our discipline. The discussion provides suggestions and examples of how fruitful research might be conducted in this space.
Linguistic Gymnastics: Humor and Wordplay in Children’s and Adolescent Literature

Humor and wordplay are invaluable instructional tools for encouraging improved literacy and enhanced vocabulary development. This chapter explores a variety of children’s picture books and adolescent novels by authors, such as Mo Willems, Fred Gwynne, Peggy Parish, and Lemony Snicket, who purposefully seek to use humor and wordplay in their writing. Additionally, this chapter will take a pedagogical approach to the discussion by examining methodologies in which classroom teachers can utilize humorous texts to enhance enjoyment of literacy development for students. Educational researchers and classroom practitioners alike argue that vocabulary development which is enjoyable and creative is more effective than rote memorization methodologies.
Mitofusin 1 is required for female fertility and to maintain ovarian follicular reserve

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continually adapt their structure through fusion and fission in response to changes in their bioenergetic environment. Targeted deletion of mitochondrial fusion protein mitofusin1 (MFN1) in oocytes resulted in female infertility associated with failure to achieve oocyte maturation. Oocyte-granulosa cell communication was impaired, and cadherins and connexins were downregulated, resulting in follicle developmental arrest at the secondary follicle stage. Deletion of MFN1 in oocytes resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and altered mitochondrial dynamics, as well as accumulation of ceramide, which contributed to increased apoptosis and a reproductive phenotype that was partially rescued by treatment with ceramide synthesis inhibitor myriocin. Absence of MFN1 and resulting apoptotic cell loss also caused depletion of ovarian follicular reserve, and a phenotype consistent with accelerated female reproductive aging.
CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE INCISIVE CANAL AND MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISORS

Background Maxillary anterior teeth play an important role in aesthetics, phonetics, and mastication. Because of the aesthetic and functional significance, it is important to evaluate their position in association with surrounding structures in 3-D before initiating orthodontic treatment. With the advent of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in orthodontic diagnosis, it is now possible to identify these structures. One such structure is the incisive canal. Uncertainty in locating the canal can cause root resorption postorthodontic retraction of anterior maxillary teeth. Objective(s) The aim of this study was to calculate the relative distance between the incisive canal and maxillary central incisor using CBCT and utilize the results for orthodontic treatment planning. Study Design All quantitative measurements between the incisive canal and both maxillary central incisors were performed using CBCT on 61 patients. The anteroposterior measurements were taken on both sides, and the average of both values was considered for the statistical analysis. The Steiner cephalometric analysis was performed to select patients with skeletal and dental Class I relationship. All linear measurements were performed on the axial plane at 3 different vertical reference points located on the sagittal plane: (1) the palatal opening of the incisive canal (opening level, P1), (2) midlevel between the opening level and the root apex of the maxillary central incisors (midlevel, P2), and (3) the root apex of the maxillary central incisors (root apex level, P3). Results The average anteroposterior distance between the maxillary central incisor roots and the incisive canal was approximately 56 mm. Discussion/Conclusions The results of our study could be clinically helpful to plan orthodontic treatment that requires significant retraction of maxillary incisors. The authors support the idea of a pretreatment CBCT in cases that require maximum anterior retraction in the maxilla.
Optimization Methods for Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction: Key Models and Optimization Algorithms

The development of compressed-sensing (CS) methods for magnetic resonance (MR) image reconstruction led to an explosion of research on models and optimization algorithms for MR imaging (MRI). Roughly 10 years after such methods first appeared in the MRI literature, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved certain CS methods for commercial use, making CS a clinical success story for MRI. This article reports on several key models and optimization algorithms for MR image reconstruction. Included are both methods that the FDA has approved for clinical use and more recent methods being considered in the research community that use data-adaptive regularizers. It presents in a single survey the many algorithms devised to exploit the structure of the system model and regularizers used in MRI.
Not Intentional, Not Unintentional

In contemporary philosophy of action, the existence of intentional and unintentional action is relatively uncontroversial. What is controversial is whether there exists a third kind of action—action that is neither intentional nor unintentional. This third kind of action is known in the literature as non-intentional action. In this paper, I develop a pair of arguments in favor of non-intentional action. More specifically, I argue that non-intentional action exists in the form of lucky and side-effect acts.
Autonomous Robot Navigation with Rich Information Mapping in Nuclear Storage Environments

Ahstract-This paper presents our approach to develop a method for an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) to perform inspection tasks in nuclear environments using rich information maps. To reduce inspectors exposure to elevated radiation levels, an autonomous navigation framework for the UGV has been developed to perform routine inspections such as counting containers, recording their ID tags and performing gamma measurements on some of them. In order to achieve autonomy, a rich information map is generated which includes not only the 2D global cost map consisting of obstacle locations for path planning, but also the location and orientation information for the objects of interest from the inspector's perspective. The UGV's autonomy framework utilizes this information to prioritize locations to navigate to perform the inspections. In this paper, we present our method of generating this rich information map, originally developed to meet the requirements of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Robotics Challenge. We demonstrate the performance of our method in a simulated testbed environment containing uranium hexafluoride (UF6) storage container mock ups.
Negative running prevents eternal ination

Current data from the Planck satellite and the BICEP2 telescope favor, at around the $2 \sigma$ level, negative running of the spectral index of curvature perturbations from inflation. We show that for negative running $\alpha < 0$, the curvature perturbation amplitude has a maximum on scales larger than our current horizon size. A condition for the absence of eternal inflation is that the curvature perturbation amplitude always remain below unity on superhorizon scales. For current bounds on $n_{\rm S}$ from Planck, this corresponds to an upper bound of the running $\alpha < - 4 \times 10^{-5}$, so that even tiny running of the scalar spectral index is sufficient to prevent eternal inflation from occurring, as long as the running remains negative on scales outside the horizon. In single-field inflation models, negative running is associated with a finite duration of inflation: we show that eternal inflation may not occur even in cases where inflation lasts as long as $10^4$ e-folds.
Pressure Support vs. Thermal Broadening in the Lyman-alpha Forest I: Effects of the Equation of State on Longitudinal Structure

In the low density intergalactic medium (IGM) that gives rise to the Lyman-alpha forest, gas temperature and density are tightly correlated. The velocity scale of thermal broadening and the Hubble flow across the gas Jeans scale are of similar magnitude (Hlambda_J ~ sigma_th). To separate the effects of gas pressure support and thermal broadening on the Lya forest, we compare spectra extracted from two smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations evolved with different photoionization heating rates (and thus different Jeans scales), imposing different temperature-density relations on the evolved particle distributions. The turnover scales in the flux power spectrum and flux autocorrelation function are determined mainly by thermal broadening rather than pressure. However, the insensitivity to pressure arises partly from a cancellation effect with a sloped temperature-density relation (T ~ rho^{0.6} in our simulations): the high density peaks in the colder, lower pressure simulation are less smoothed by pressure support than in the hotter simulation, and it is this higher density gas that experiences the strongest thermal broadening. Changes in thermal broadening and pressure support have comparably important effects on the flux probability distribution (PDF), which responds directly to the gas overdensity distribution rather than the scale on which it is smooth. Tests on a lower resolution simulation show that our statistical results are converged even at this lower resolution. While thermal broadening generally dominates the longitudinal structure in the Lya forest, we show in Paper II that pressure support determines the transverse coherence of the forest observed towards close quasar pairs. [ABRIDGED]
Research on Hybrid Energy Storage System with High Power Density and High Energy Density

In this paper, a new type of hybrid energy storage system with high power density and high energy density and its power regulation method was studied, so as to meet the renewable energy power to tame, micro power grid operation control, power grid peak clipping in valley, wind/photo-voltaic energy storage power supply joint diversification of power grid environment, such as power supply, emergency power supply for long-term energy supply of energy storage system power throughput and performance requirements, and can effectively reduce the cost of investment, energy storage system for energy storage system of large-scale commercial operation provides an effective technical route.
Flora of Colorado

Jennifer Ackerfield. November 2018. Flora of Colorado. 2nd printing with corrections. Sida, Botanical Miscellany 41. (ISSN: 0883-1475; ISBN-13: 978-1-889878-45-4, flex-binding). Botanical Research Institute of Texas Press, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, Texas 76107, U.S.A. (Orders: shop.brit.org, orders@brit.org, 1-817-332-4441). $65.00 US, 818 pp., color photographs, maps, references, index, 6½" × 9½".
Single-cell analyses of human pancreas: characteristics of two populations of acinar cells in chronic pancreatitis.

We conducted single cell RNA sequencing on pancreas tissue from five individuals. We identified eleven unique cell clusters including a large population of dedifferentiated cells as well as two uni...