cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some thoughts on the future of consumer electronics engineering

Too often, engineers spend a great deal of time worrying about the sophisticated technical parameters of their problems but forget or ignore the equally important non-technical factors that will determine whether their innovations will ever get off the shelf and into the marketplace. Yet we all know that the continued success and viability of the engineering profession is sensitively dependent on our ability to cycle innovations into profits.
Alcoholics Anonymous affiliation during early recovery.

Abstract This study analyzed the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation of 55 patients during the 3 months after their discharge from structured treatment, when dropout is high. Three levels of meeting attendance were discerned: low, mid-level, and “90 meetings in 90 days.” Of greatest interest, the mid-level group showed mixed interest in AA practices despite substantial meeting attendance, that is, they admitted powerlessness, but had less enthusiasm for the higher power concept, and relapsed significantly; they were likely to have a sponsor, but were less involved with other AA members; and they reported working the 12 Steps, but were less interested in the AA literature. Findings suggest that individuals who are attending AA but having difficulty embracing key aspects of the program need professional assistance that focuses more on AA practices and tenets and less on meeting attendance. Barriers to affiliation can also serve as opportunities for furthering both counseling goals and affiliation.
The marginal welfare cost of public funds: Theory and estimates

Abstract We derive a general analytic formula for the marginal welfare cost (MWC) of public funds without imposing restrictive assumptions on preferences or technologies. The framework encompasses the various special cases previously considered, and reconciles the disparities among the reported estimates of MWC. Unresolved differences in existing estimates are fully explained by appropriate interpretations of intended thought experiments and alternative assumptions about the elasticity of labor supply with respect to public spending. Further progress in measuring MWC requires empirical estimation of labor-supply functions that include government spending as an explanatory variable.
Raman spectroscopy study of interdiffusion in Si/SiGe superlattices

The use of Raman spectroscopy to study interdiffusion in SiGe/Si superlattices and multilayers has been considered. We have modeled the interdiffusion process using an error function concentration profile and modeled the Raman scattering spectrum as an integration over this profile. The calculation has been compared to experimental data. The Raman spectra were calculated by appropriately averaging over the diffused interface. We find good agreement between the calculated and measured spectra. The Raman spectra are shown to be sensitive to the interfacial profile.
Measuring knowledge integration: Validation of four‐year assessments

Science education needs valid, authentic, and efficient assessments. Many typical science assessments primarily measure recall of isolated information. This paper reports on the validation of assessments that measure knowledge integration ability among middle school and high school students. The assessments were administered to 18,729 students in five states. Rasch analyses of the assessments demonstrated satisfactory item fit, item difficulty, test reliability, and person reliability. The study showed that, when appropriately designed, knowledge integration assessments can be balanced between validity and reliability, authenticity and generalizability, and instructional sensitivity and technical quality. Results also showed that, when paired with multiple-choice items and scored with an effective scoring rubric, constructed-response items can achieve high reliabilities. Analyses showed that English language learner status and computer use significantly impacted students' science knowledge integration abilities. Students who took the assessment online, which matched the format of content delivery, performed significantly better than students who took the paper-and-pencil version. Implications and future directions of research are noted, including refining curriculum materials to meet the needs of diverse students and expanding the range of topics measured by knowledge integration assessments. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 1079–1107, 2011
Perceived Criticism: Biased Patients or Hypercritical Relatives? Commentary on “Perceived Criticism: A Research Update for Clinical Practitioners”

Masland and Hooley (2015) make a convincing case that patients’ ratings on the two-item Perceived Criticism Measure (PCM) provide useful treatment planning information. One issue that has not been resolved is whether high ratings on the PCM reflect the patient's “criticality biases” or are accurate reflections of how much criticism is expressed by relatives. PCM ratings are correlated with observers’ reports of how critical the relative is in interactions with the patient. Therefore, an exclusive treatment focus on PCM ratings as attributional biases risks alienating the patient, who may be perceiving the behavior of relatives accurately. If the clinician opts for a family/marital approach, communication training that fosters a dialogue between the patient and spouse or parent(s) about vulnerable emotions underlying anger may lead to shifts in the patient's interpretation of the meaning of critical comments. Future research should investigate whether PC ratings are moderators of the effectiveness of family psychoeducational interventions or individual treatments that emphasize attentional bias modification.
The Mother Relationship and Artistic Inhibition in the Lives of Leonardo da Vinci and Erik H. Erikson

In four earlier articles, I focused on the theme of the relationship of melancholia and the mother, and suggested that the melancholic self may experience humor (Capps, 2007a), play (Capps, 2008a), dreams (Capps, 2007c), and art (Capps, 2008b) as restorative resources. I argued that Erik H. Erikson found these resources to be valuable remedies for his own melancholic condition, which had its origins in the fact that he was illegitimate and was raised solely by his mother until he was three years old, when she remarried. In this article, I focus on two themes in Freud’s Leonardo da Vinci and a memory of his childhood (1964): Leonardo’s relationship with his mother in early childhood and his inhibitions as an artist. I relate these two themes to Erikson’s own early childhood and his failure to achieve his goal as an aspiring artist in his early twenties. The article concludes with a discussion of Erikson’s frustrated aspirations to become an artist and his emphasis, in his psychoanalytic work, on children’s play.
COMBINING TELEOLOGICAL ETHICS WITH EVALUATOR RELATIVISM: A PROMISING RESULT

Abstract: Consequentialism is an agent-neutral teleological theory, and deontology is an agent-relative non-teleological theory. I argue that a certain hybrid of the two – namely, non-egoistic agent-relative teleological ethics (NATE) – is quite promising. This hybrid takes what is best from both consequentialism and deontology while leaving behind the problems associated with each. Like consequentialism and unlike deontology, NATE can accommodate the compelling idea that it is always permissible to bring about the best available state of affairs. Yet unlike consequentialism and like deontology, NATE accords well with our commonsense moral intuitions.
Atomic and molecular decompositions of anisotropic Besov spaces

In this work we develop the theory of weighted anisotropic Besov spaces associated with general expansive matrix dilations and doubling measures with the use of discrete wavelet transforms. This study extends the isotropic Littlewood- Paley methods of dyadic φ-transforms of Frazier and Jawerth [19, 21] to non-isotropic settings.
Display Format and the Perception of Numerical Data

This paper presents two experiments which test the principle of compatibility of proximity. This principle states that when a task requires the integration of information, the display should present the data in close proximity. When, however, the information must be selectively attended or processed, the information should be displayed with low proximity. In the first experiment, subjects were shown two dimensional data for two hypothetical conditions and asked to extrapolate to a third condition. Performance on the task was more accurate when the data were displayed on a coordinate axis graph than when a bargraph display was used. The second experiment demonstrated that when cues in a multi-cue judgment task had to be selectively attended, performance was better with a bargraph display than with an integrated triangle display. No difference was observed when all the cues had to be attended. Discussion centers on display format and perception of relations between numerical data.
Evaluating telemedicine systems success: a revised model

Broadly, telemedicine refers to the use of information and telecommunication technologies to distribute information and/or expertise necessary for healthcare service provision, collaboration and/or delivery among geographically separated participants, including physicians and patients. Evaluation of telemedicine systems success or effectiveness is a fundamental challenge to healthcare organizations. A review of previous telemedicine research suggests a focused evaluation approach, thus offering limited discussion of comprehensive views of systems success or systematic and practical guidance to its evaluations. Based on a prevalent information systems success model, this paper proposes and describes a revised model for evaluating telemedicine systems success in clinical and organizational settings. Plausible applications of the proposed model are illustrated using teleradiology as an example. In addition, several future research directions that extend the reported study are also highlighted.
Sampling volume in root studies: the pitfalls of under‐sampling exposed using accumulation curves

Root systems are important for global models of below-ground carbon and nutrient cycling. Notoriously difficult sampling methods and the fractal distribution of root diameters in the soil make data being used in these models especially susceptible to error resulting from under-sampling. We applied the concept of species accumulation curves to root data to quantify the extent of under-sampling inherent to minirhizotron and soil coring sampling for both root uptake and carbon content studies. Based on differences in sample size alone, minirhizotron sampling missed approximately one third of the root diameters observed by soil core sampling. Sample volumes needed to encounter 90% of root diameters averaged 2481 cm(3) for uptake studies and 5878 cm(3) for root carbon content studies. These results show that small sample volumes encounter a non-representative sample of the overall root pool, and provide future guidelines for determining optimal sample volumes in root studies.
Changes in adolescents' risk factors following peer sexual coercion: Evidence for a feedback loop

Investigators have identified a number of factors that increase the risk for experiencing sexual coercion, but as yet little is known about how sexual coercion in turn affects these risk factors. Using a sample of 110 adolescents, the current study examined the hypothesis that, after an incident of sexual coercion, adolescents would exhibit increases in several behaviors known to increase risk for victimization. As predicted, after experiencing sexual coercion, adolescents reported increased externalizing symptoms, more frequent sexual intercourse and a greater total number of intercourse partners. Finally, alcohol use, drug use, and problems related to substance use increased. These findings suggest the presence of a feedback loop, in which the experience of sexual coercion leads to an intensification of the factors that initially contributed risk for coercion.
Care of the Complex Chronically Ill Child by Generalist Pediatricians: Lessons Learned From Pediatric Palliative Care

Background and Objective: Parents of children with complex chronic conditions report fragmented care, unmet medical needs, and financial strain from health care costs. The aim of this study was to identify both prevalent themes discussed during pediatric palliative care consultation of patients with complex chronic conditions cared for by pediatric generalists and variation in consultation content by age and timing of consultation in disease course. Methods: Forty randomly selected initial inpatient or outpatient consultation notes authored by the pediatric palliative care team at an academic, tertiary care children’s hospital. Inclusion required that patients were primarily cared for by general pediatricians, pediatric hospitalists, or pediatric intensivists, instead of subspecialists. Qualitative analysis by 5 team members utilizing consensus-based findings was used to develop themes. Descriptive statistics were used to describe variations in themes across age and disease course. Results: Common themes included thorough review of patient baseline functioning, current symptoms, assessment of family’s understanding of the prognosis of the patient, coordination of communication with other medical teams and outpatient health care services, consideration of caregiver resources and burdens, and offering a framework for decision-making. Variation in consult themes by age/disease course included more discussion of communication problems and symptom management when patients were at their baseline, but otherwise little variation was found. Conclusions: Common themes covered in initial consultations correspond with documented unmet needs for chronically ill children. There was no significant variation in consultation themes by age/disease course, suggesting that generalists could broadly apply palliative care techniques to improve family-centered care.
13C n.m.r. studies of the carbohydrate portion of glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae

Abstract Proton-decoupled, natural abundance 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy was used to investigate the carbohydrate structure and content of glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae. We found α- d -mannopyranose was the dominant sugar present (⋍91 residues). The Elson-Morgan assay showed that hexosamine was also present as a minor component (2.6% of the total carbohydrate). The intermannose linkages appear to be random. Integration data suggest that 41 α- d -mannopyranose residues are O-2 and O-3 glycosylated and 17 α- d -mannopyranose residues are involved in O-4 glycosylation. Treatment of glucoamylase with α-mannosidase appeared to remove all the carbohydrate residues present.
Relationship Between Attachment Patterns and Personality Pathology in Adolescents

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the relationship between attachment status and personality pathology in a large clinical sample of adolescents. Method Two hundred ninety-four randomly selected psychiatrists and psychologists were each asked to provide data on a patient (aged 14–18 years) in treatment for maladaptive personality patterns. Clinicians completed several measures including a clinician-report attachment questionnaire, several measures of personality pathology, and a clinician-report version of the Child Behavior Checklist. Results In both dimensional and categorical analyses, secure attachment was negatively correlated with personality pathology and positively correlated with healthy functioning, whereas disorganized/unresolved attachment was strongly associated with multiple forms of personality pathology. Anxious/ambivalent attachment tended to be associated with measures of withdrawal, internalization, and introversion. Avoidant attachment style was not associated with any single form of personality pathology. Conclusion The marked association between unresolved attachment and more severe psychopathology in adolescents, the lack of construct validity of avoidant personality disorder in adolescents, and the broader relations among attachment, personality, and psychopathology are discussed.
Selective two-photon imaging with shaped femtosecond pulses

Selective two-photon microscopy of fluorescent probe molecules using phase-modulated ultrashort laser pulses is demonstrated on fluorescent probes used for biological imaging. Maximum contrast in the excitation of these molecules is achieved using multiphoton intrapulse interference.
Plant Expansins in Bacteria and Fungi: Evolution by Horizontal Gene Transfer and Independent Domain Fusion

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has been described as a common mechanism of transferring genetic material between prokaryotes, whereas genetic transfers from eukaryotes to prokaryotes have been rarely documented. Here we report a rare case of HGT in which plant expansin genes that code for plant cell-wall loosening proteins were transferred from plants to bacteria, fungi, and amoebozoa. In several cases, the species in which the expansin gene was found is either in intimate association with plants or is a known plant pathogen. Our analyses suggest that at least two independent genetic transfers occurred from plants to bacteria and fungi. These events were followed by multiple HGT events within bacteria and fungi. We have also observed that in bacteria expansin genes have been independently fused to DNA fragments that code for an endoglucanase domain or for a carbohydrate binding module, pointing to functional convergence at the molecular level. Furthermore, the functional similarities between microbial expansins and their plant xenologs suggest that these proteins mediate microbial-plant interactions by altering the plant cell wall and therefore may provide adaptive advantages to these species. The evolution of these nonplant expansins represents a unique case in which bacteria and fungi have found innovative and adaptive ways to interact with and infect plants by acquiring genes from their host. This evolutionary paradigm suggests that despite their low frequency such HGT events may have significantly contributed to the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic species.
EXPERIMENTAL FORMATION OF A MICROBIAL DEATH MASK

This study represents a first attempt to observe soft-tissue decay in association with microbial mats, in order to recreate the death-mask model proposed for terminal Neoproterozoic Lagerstatten. This model explains the precipitation of authigenic iron sulfide minerals on, and around, decaying carcasses in association with microbial mats, cementing the sediment as a sole veneer and retaining the external morphology of the organism in relief on the upper and lower surface of coarse-grained sandy event beds. Although this model has been substantiated by the discovery of abundant microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) and pyrite veneers in close association with Ediacaran fossils, it has not been tested previously by experimental taphonomic studies under controlled labora- tory conditions. Arthropod larvae that decayed on top of a cyanobacterial mat demonstrated higher quality preservation of fine-scale anatomy than larvae that decayed in the absence of a mat. Decay experiments involving bacterial mats and organic-rich sands generated a black ring extending radially from the decaying carcasses. When this precipitate was analyzed using XPS and ESEM-EDS it revealed the presence of likely iron sulfides, or at least spatially associated Fe and S, and localized concentrations of common aluminosilicate elements (Al, K, Fe, and Mg), which is a composition that has been documented in association with Ediacaran fossil preservation.
Intakes of High Fat and High Carbohydrate Foods by Humans Increased with Exposure to Increasing Altitude During an Expedition to Mt. Everest

The objectives of the study were to determine total energy intakes, distribution of energy derived from the macronutrients, and the effects of increasing altitudes on energy and macronutrient consumption during exposure to high altitudes. High fat, low carbohydrate diets (35% and 50% of energy, respectively) or low fat, high carbohydrate diets (20% and 65% of energy, respectively) were provided to two groups of subjects for a 3-wk period. Groups then consumed the alternate diet for 3 wk, followed by a return to the original diet for the remaining 3 wk of the study. Free choice of individual items and amounts within each diet was permitted. Intake of food and fluid was determined by means of monitored entries in daily food records. Five subjects remained at Base Camp (5300 m) and 10 subjects climbed to altitudes up to and including the summit of Mt. Everest (8848 m). Subjects consumed an average of 10.22 +/- 4.57 MJ/d (2442 +/- 1092 kcal) energy while at Base Camp, with climbers consuming significantly more than Base Camp personnel [11.89 +/- 4. 88 vs. 7.87 +/- 2.98 MJ/d (2841 +/- 1167 vs. 1881 +/- 713 kcal/d), P 0.05). Contrary to previous reports, subjects in this study did not shift their food selections away from the high fat items towards high carbohydrate items.
Passive Identification of Under-Utilized CPUs in High Performance Cluster Grid Networks

In this paper we propose a passive approach to using network traffic to discover the availability of resources in local distributed networks (e.g., cluster grids, campus desktop grids, etc.). To our knowledge, this is the first approach of its kind. The ability to quickly identify resource availability is critical because the presence of available resources directly affects the job execution time of a distributed environment. The proposed method creates a delay sensitive profile generated by the analysis of monitored network traffic, which emulates high performance UDP based grid services such as file transfer applications (FOBS, Tsunami, UDT, SABUL, etc.), message passing platforms (MPICHG2/Score, etc.), and others. An energy value is derived from the delay sensitive profile, which represents the state (over-utilized CPU or under-utilized CPU) of the resource of interest. Then a simple threshold (derived from initial calibrations on the over-utilized resources.) is applied to the energy value to identify the state of the resource. This method could be used to enhance existing resource discovery algorithms used in local distributed networks because this approach is capable of passively determining a major dynamic resource attribute - CPU utilization. The main benefits are the reduction in the necessary complexity associated with the use of non-passive algorithms (e.g., flooding algorithm, name-dropper algorithm, distinctive awareness algorithm, etc.) and the reduction in the extra network traffic that results from the continual need to determine the availability of dynamic resources. Since this method is passive in nature, there is no need to query potential resources directly to determine their availability to complete distributed computing related jobs. Results suggest that once the CPU utilization approaches 70% (unavailable) the network traffic produced by that node exhibits different behavior than when the CPU utilization is less than 70% (available).
Apolipoprotein A-IV interacts synergistically with melanocortins to reduce food intake

Apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV is an anorexigenic gastrointestinal peptide that is also synthesized in the hypothalamus. The goal of these experiments was to determine whether apo A-IV interacts with the central melanocortin (MC) system in the control of feeding. The third ventricular (i3vt) administration of a subthreshold dose of apo A-IV (0.5 μg) potentiated i3vt MC-induced (metallothionein-II, 0.03 nmol) suppression of 30-min feeding in Long-Evans rats. A subthreshold dose of the MC antagonist (SHU9119, 0.1 nmol, i3vt) completely attenuated the anorectic effect of i3vt apo A-IV (1.5 μg). The i3vt apo A-IV significantly elevated the expression of c-Fos in neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, but not in the arcuate nucleus or median eminence. In addition, c-Fos expression was not colocalized with proopiomelanocortin-positive neurons. These data support a synergistic interaction between apo A-IV and melanocortins that reduces food intake by acting downstream of the arcuate.
Trends and predictors of repeat catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is superior to pharmacologic therapy in achieving maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in selected patient populations. However, the procedure is resource intensive, and repeat ablations are sometimes required. We examined the predictors and trends of repeat ablation using a large national administrative claims database. Methods Privately insured and Medicare Advantage patients who underwent catheter ablation for AF between January 1, 2004, and September 30, 2014, were included in the study. The primary outcome was repeat AF ablation during enrollment. We examined the associations between repeat ablation and patient demographics (age, gender, socioeconomic demographics), comorbid conditions (CHA 2 DS 2 -Vasc score and Charlson index), and year of the index ablation. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify predictors of repeat ablation. Results We included 8,648 adult patients in the analysis. Median age was 61.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 54-68) years, and 70.9% were men. Median follow-up was 1.1 (IQR 0.5-2.3) years. A total of 1,263 patients underwent repeat ablation (14.6%) over a total of 14,280 person-years (12.1% at 1 year). The hazard ratio (HR) for repeat ablation was higher in younger patients (HR 0.75 [0.61-0.91; P P P P P 2 DS 2 -Vasc score and Charlson index did not predict likelihood of repeat ablation. The rate of repeat ablation remained constant over the available follow-up. Conclusion Approximately 1 in 8 patients treated with catheter ablation for AF will undergo a second procedure within 1 year, although the rate is as high as 40% in young patients at 5 years. The rate of repeat ablation appears to be associated with demographic characteristics (younger age and higher household income) rather than medical comorbidities.
Axonal Neuropathy, Microcephaly and VRK1 Mutations

Investigators from Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX; Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD; and University of Minnesota, MN, report 3 patients from 2 unrelated families with a complex neuropathy phenotype characterized by axonal sensorimotor neuropathy, severe nonprogressive microcephaly and cerebral dysgenesis
Integrated High-Resolution Genome-Wide Analysis of Gene Dosage and Gene Expression in Human Brain Tumors

A hallmark genomic feature of human brain tumors is the presence of multiple complex structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations that result in altered gene dosages. These genetic alterations lead to widespread, genome-wide gene expression changes. Both gene expression as well as gene copy number profiles can be assessed on a large scale using microarray methodology. The integration of genetic data with gene expression data provides a particularly effective approach for cancer gene discovery. Utilizing an array of bioinformatics tools, we describe an analysis algorithm that allows for the integration of gene copy number and gene expression profiles as a first-pass means of identifying potential cancer gene targets in human (brain) tumors. This strategy combines circular binary segmentation for the identification of gene copy number alterations, and gene copy number and gene expression data integration with a modification of signal-to-noise ratio computation and random permutation testing. We have evaluated this approach and confirmed its efficacy in the human glioma genome.
Microfluorometric investigations of chromatin structure

Substitution of various metal compounds for aluminum ammonium sulfate in the aluminum-morin procedure developed by Malinin (1978) revealed that only one compound (indium trichloride) yielded fluorescent patterns in mastocytoma cells and isolated nuclei resembling those of the standard procedure. All other compounds tested, including zinc acetate, zinc iodide, zinc sulfate, calcium chloride, beryllium nitrate, and zirconium nitrate, produced either only slight enhancement of fluorescence over that obtained in control material treated with morin alone; or the fluorescence was no greater than that of control material. A microfluorometric comparison of thymocyte and 2c hepatocyte nuclei stained by either the indiumor aluminum-morin procedures revealed that the fluorescence of the more loosely organized chromatin of 2c hepatocyte nuclei was 30–40% greater than that of the more condensed chromatin of thymocyte nuclei. In addition, the fluorescence of indium-pretreated nuclei was either the same or slightly greater than that of aluminum-pretreated nuclei. Extraction with RNase always resulted in a loss of fluorescence in aluminum-pretreated nuclei; however, somewhat different results were obtained in indium-pretreated nuclei: the fluorescence of thymocyte nuclei declined (but not so much as that of nuclei pretreated with aluminum), and hepatocyte nuclei either displayed no change in fluorescence or their fluorescence increased slightly. Since both aluminum- and indium-morin procedures, used with or without RNase extraction, yield consistently disparate values in nuclei displaying differing degrees of chromatin condensation, it seems likely that these procedures might be useful in studies requiring the demonstration of structural differences in chromatin.
Principle of age-temperature shifting: A phenomenological theory of annealing

The relations governing the effect of age on a constitutive theory are developed. The general constitutive framework for an aging material is reviewed using a phenomenological approach. An age-temperature shift principle is developed by assuming that increasing the temperature reduces the aging time necessary to obtain a given material state. A formulation for aging in a transient temperature environment is also derived. Specific constitutive equations are developed for materials admitting aging effects. The resulting theory is related to existing experimental evidence throughout and it is shown to apply to the annealing of metals and to precipitation hardening. This general approach also provides a method for performing accelerated aging experiments thereby reducing the complications that arise in extended time tests.
Circadian Activity of Heliothis zea at Different Temperatures Studied with an Acoustic Actograph

An acoustic actograph was designed and used to measure the circadian activity pattern of the corn earworm moth, Heliothis zea . This device detects the sounds made by flying moths in a chamber and records them automatically on a microprocessor-based system. At low temperatures, H. zea is active during the 1st 6 h following nightfall. At higher temperatures, the activity increases and lasts longer. The activity is also presented as a function of age, and the crepuscular activity is examined. A burst of activity at dawn suggests that the attraction of moths to light may be a crepuscular behavior. Possible implications of the circadian activity to light trapping is discussed.
Hashtags and hip-hop: exploring the online performances of hip-hop identified youth using Instagram

AbstractDespite hip-hop’s popularity, little attention has been paid to its effects on youth gender performances on social media. This study has analyzed how youth who identify with three popular hip-hop songs interpreted the songs’ messages and performed their gender on the social media application Instagram (IG). Posts (N=450) from IG users were examined using modified consensual qualitative research procedures. Ten categories emerged that illustrate the range of gender performances which youth engaged in, each of which occurred within one of four domains: (a) mixed messages (self-love and visibility; relationships); (b) reified messages (party life; provocations; conspicuous consumption); (c) challenged messages (growth; making new meaning; teamwork); and (d) neutral messages (humor; other). The findings from this study illustrate the influential role of hip-hop music on youth gender performance in a natural context (IG). IG posts often mirrored, and in turn contributed to, the narrow range of acceptab...
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method to Neuropsychological Impairment

Offenders in justice system settings have high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in comparison with the general population. Consequently, justice systems are using screening tools to identify and manage these individuals. Currently, that includes screening for TBI history and gross cognitive impairment. The present study attempted to determine whether the modified Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID) was predictive of ongoing cognitive impairment as measured by the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) Core Battery. If so, the OSU TBI-ID could be used as a stand-alone measure of TBI history and impairment. This study had 223 participants (male = 160, female = 62). Sensitivity and specificity results revealed poor (.65) to very poor (.36) estimates for all OSU TBI-ID indices across all ANAM subtests. This study suggests that screening for lifetime history of TBI does not identify cognitive impairment. Implications for screening policy and futu...
Some Expansions in Basic Fourier Series

Our main objective in this chapter is to present explicit expansions of many elementary and q-functions in basic Fourier series. This leads, in a natural way, to a new class of formulas never investigated before from the I an analytical and/or numerical point of view [26], [146]. In our presentation y most of the material can be read independently from Chapters 7 and 8, but we assume that the reader is familiar with the investigation of the basic Fourier series in Chapters 5 and 6 and with the evaluation of certain integrals in Chapter 4.
Biostability of the Proanthocyanidins-Dentin Complex and Adhesion Studies:

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPACs) are potent and renewable natural bioactives possible to be refined into chemically standardized mixtures for biological applications. Herein, we found that multiscale interactions of OPACs with the dentin matrix create tight biointerfaces with hydrophobic methacrylate adhesives on wet surfaces. An enriched mixture of OPACs, with a known phytochemical profile, was produced from grape seed crude extract (Vitis vinifera; enriched grape seed extract [e-GSE]) and applied to dentin matrices to determine changes to the mechanical properties and biodegradability of the dentin matrix and favorable resin adhesion mechanisms. Methods included a 3-point flexural test, quantification of hydroxyproline (collagen solubilization), static and dynamic nanomechanical analyses, resin-dentin microtensile bond strength, and micropermeability at the adhesive interface. The e-GSE-modified dentin matrix exhibited remarkably low collagen solubilization and sustained the bulk elastic properties ...
Effects of Loading Duration and Short Rest Insertion on Cancellous and Cortical Bone Adaptation in the Mouse Tibia.

The skeleton’s osteogenic response to mechanical loading can be affected by loading duration and rest insertion during a series of loading events. Prior animal loading studies have shown that the cortical bone response saturates quickly and short rest insertions between load cycles can enhance cortical bone formation. However, it remains unknown how loading duration and short rest insertion affect load-induced osteogenesis in the mouse tibial compressive loading model, and particularly in cancellous bone. To address this issue, we applied cyclic loading (-9 N peak load; 4 Hz) to the tibiae of three groups of 16 week-old female C57BL/6 mice for two weeks, with a different number of continuous load cycles applied daily to each group (36, 216 and 1200). A fourth group was loaded under 216 daily load cycles with a 10 s rest insertion after every fourth cycle. We found that as few as 36 load cycles per day were able to induce osteogenic responses in both cancellous and cortical bone. Furthermore, while cortical bone area and thickness continued to increase through 1200 cycles, the incremental increase in the osteogenic response decreased as load number increased, indicating a reduced benefit of the increasing number of load cycles. In the proximal metaphyseal cancellous bone, trabecular thickness increased with load up to 216 cycles. We also found that insertion of a 10 s rest between load cycles did not improve the osteogenic response of the cortical or cancellous tissues compared to continuous loading in this model given the age and sex of the mice and the loading parameters used here. These results suggest that relatively few load cycles (e.g. 36) are sufficient to induce osteogenic responses in both cortical and cancellous bone in the mouse tibial loading model. Mechanistic studies using the mouse tibial loading model to examine bone formation and skeletal mechanobiology could be accomplished with relatively few load cycles.
Introduction to Tukey (1962) The Future of Data Analysis

Among articles from the Annals of Mathematical Statistics (AMS), “The Future of Data Analysis” is unusual in many ways.
Novel psychotherapeutics - a cautiously optimistic focus on Hallucinogens.

Disrupted mental health affects up to one in three individuals globally and is an unmet medical challenge contributing to individual suffering as well as significant societal and economic burden [1...
Adolescent Vulvar Angiokeratoma Associated with Lichen Sclerosus.

Abstract Background We present an adolescent with multiple vulvar angiokeratomas within a background of lichen sclerosus. Case A 13-year-old girl presented with vulvar pruritus and wart-like vulvar lesions. Four lesions were resected because of discomfort and uncertainty of the diagnosis. Pathology revealed angiokeratomas with chronic inflammation suggestive of lichen sclerosus. Postoperatively, pruritus continued in the largest excised lesion, which was associated with lichen sclerosus, and symptoms were treated successfully with topical steroids. Summary and Conclusion Vulvar angiokeratomas are asymptomatic red papular lesions and are rare in the female adolescent population. In this case, the pathology revealed the rare co-occurrence of angiokeratomas and lichen sclerosus. Biopsies of vulvar vascular lesions in symptomatic adolescents are recommended. Vulvar angiokeratomas might manifest rare genetic disease in otherwise asymptomatic female patients and warrant further follow-up.
Juveniles and Criminal Responsibility Evaluations

Joe is a 17-year old-male who has been charged with the attempted murder of three police officers. Because of the seriousness of his offense, Joe has been transferred to adult court. Joe has no prior arrest history or any legal involvement in the juvenile or adult legal system. Although Joe was described as “outgoing and friendly” during his elementary school years, during his high school years he was noted to become extremely withdrawn and aloof. He stopped socializing with others and by the time he was age 16, he was failing all of his classes.
Everything is in the Detail: On the Humanness of Rhetorical Judging

“A good philosophical education,” Robert Sokolowski has taught us, must avoid artificial problems. It must address and clarify important things and distinguish them from one another. Moreover, a good philosophical education should clarify a lot of important things and … should not try to address grandiose problems … such as ‘Is there really an external world?’
Granulomatous Diseases of the Sinonasal Tract

Granulomatous diseases are rare causes of sinonasal inflammatory disease. As in many areas of medicine, advances in endoscopic technology and laboratory evaluation have led to a greater understanding and more appropriate disease-specific care. Until the advent of immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and advanced molecular techniques, this group of diseases was collectively lumped into a “catch all” category of midline destructive diseases. Typically patients may complain of a nonspecific nasal airway obstruction with associated rhinorrhea and epistaxis. Physical examination yields a spectrum of findings ranging from normal-appearing mucosa to polypoid nodular changes, adhesion formation, marked tissue destruction, and excessive crusting. Strictly speaking, histopathologic evaluation of “granulomatous disease” must include the presence of granulomas, which represent foci of chronic inflammation that appear as aggregates of epithelioid macrophages surrounded by a collar of lymphocytes and occasional plasma cells. Giant cells are formed by the fusion of the epithelioid cells in the periphery or sometimes in the center of granulomas and may attain diameters of 40–50 μm. Several disease processes, with and without frank granuloma formation, may exhibit clinical presentation that warrants inclusion in the list of diagnostic possibilities. The goal of this chapter is to describe the salient features of the various disease entities that comprise this differential diagnosis.
Physiology of Aging of Older Adults: Systemic and Oral Health Considerations

This article reviews the concepts of physiologic reserve, the principles of the normative aging process as exemplified by the cardiovascular, neurologic, and musculoskeletal systems. How these principles apply to oral health, and age-related changes in the oral cavity itself, is reviewed and suggests how they may affect disease management by oral health care providers. It does not focus on diseases related to aging, but rather aims to explore the normal physiologic changes associated with aging dentition and systemic changes related to age, thus enabling clinicians to obtain a better understanding of the presentation of older adults and how it may change their approach to diagnosis and treatment.
What does the teacher do?: Constructivist pedagogies and prospective teachers’ beliefs about the role of a teacher

Abstract The constructivist pedagogies that are increasingly part of teacher education course work and expectations emerge from an intellectual world where knowledge is seen as created rather than received, mediated by discourse rather than transferred by teacher talk, explored and transformed rather than remembered as a uniform set of positivistic ideas. Increasingly, teacher educators ask new teachers to learn how to elicit and then use students’ existing ideas as a basis for helping them construct new, more reasoned, more accurate or more disciplined understandings. While the role a teacher plays in developing or shaping students’ thinking via constructivist pedagogies is obvious to teacher educators who advocate such strategies, the case of Taylor, a prospective English teacher, suggests that the role a teacher plays when using these strategies may not be at all clear to prospective teachers. Rather than understanding constructivist pedagogies as techniques for thinking with learners, for teaching them, Tayor saw these strategies as ends in themselves. Faced with models of constructivist pedagogies, Taylor concluded that the teacher's role ends when she has activated learners, invited them to talk, successfully engaged their participation. This article describes how she reached this conclusion and explores the ways in which constructivist pedagogies can lead prospective teachers to project a thin vision of their role as a teacher.
Vernacular Selection: What to Say and When to Say It

The language of behavior analysis is precise in the sense that it focuses attention on functional relations between behavior and the environment that are extended in time. However, to non-behavior analysts, behavior-analytic terms and explanations are difficult to understand and awkward sounding. Evidence suggests that this has had deleterious effects on the acceptance of the field of behavior analysis and its explanations of behavior. The goal of this article is to assert that verbal behavior that describes behavior is functionally related to subsequent explanatory verbal behavior. In addition, it is argued that technical language is not a requirement of precision and logical formulation. Suggestions are made regarding how behavior analysts can generate evidence to better understand explanatory preferences of individuals with various amounts of exposure to behavior analysis. In addition, methods are suggested for introducing behavior analysis to others with vernacular descriptions of behavior and its causes that do not obscure critical distinctions by introducing mental/mediational explanations.
Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Prevent Transfusion-elicited Sensitization and Upregulate Transitional and Regulatory B Cells.

BackgroundWe hypothesized that immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may be considered for desensitization.MethodsAutologous or allogeneic bone marrow derived MSC were infused via tail vein at 0.5 M (0.5 × 106), 1 M, or 2 M cells/dose on days −2, 3, 6, 9, 12 (prevention) or
Do crib sheets improve student performance on tests? Evidence from principles of economics

Abstract This study uses individual-level data to examine whether the use of a crib sheet can boost the test performance of students in principles of economics. We find that crib sheets have the potential to significantly improve student performance, an outcome that is largely attributable to performance in principles of macroeconomics. Based on our findings, there is no clear indication that cooperative crib sheets, as implemented in this experiment, are more effective than individual crib sheets. In fact, we find that the collaborative process may hinder performance. We find that female students do worse on tests generally and that students with a higher academic classification and more academic talent tend to do better. However, we don’t find that crib sheets heterogeneously impact performance within these groups.
Algorithmic art

The goal of this workshop is to learn about a fun and educational courses that are designed to expose non-traditional computer students to computing through the field of art. The workshop will cover the following topics: • Mental Models that beginning programming students have about programming. • Using Scratch as an introduction into programming concepts. • Why teaching in context might have more success in reaching students then a traditional CS0 or CS1 course. Cross referencing projects and concepts to make the transition from art creation to computational thinking. • Using the programming language Processing to do Algorithmic Art while incorporating traditional art design concepts. How to use symmetry from abstract algebra combined with transformations (translate, scale, rotate) to create Escher-like images. The taxonomy of algorithms that exist and their relationship to programming concepts, algorithms, and art.
Microbial Community of Saline, Alkaline Lakes in the Nebraska Sandhills Based on 16S rRNA Gene Amplicon Sequence Data

ABSTRACT The Nebraska Sandhills region contains over 1,500 geochemically diverse interdunal lakes, some of which are potassium rich, alkaline, and hypersaline. Here, we report 16S rRNA amplicon pyrosequencing data on the water and sediment microbial communities of eight alkaline lakes in the Sandhills of western Nebraska.
Play It Safe: An Educational Cyber Safety Game for Children in Elementary School

The objective of this research is to measure the effectiveness of a game-based learning approach for cyber safety education for children in elementary school. To date, few cyber safety games have been developed and evaluated for elementary school children. To address this gap in knowledge, we developed a novel cyber safety computer game and conducted a study with elementary school children ranging from age 7 to 10 (n=49). Children were taught concepts of cyber safety through either our plain TEXT, our interactive E-LEARNING website, or our GAME. Knowledge increased significantly more in the group that played the game, indicating that elementary school children can learn about the concepts of cyber safety more effectively through a game-based learning approach compared to traditional text and/or e-Learning based approaches.