cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Media, Literacy, and Laughter: LOL in the English Classroom

Abstract This chapter explores young participants’ use of technology mediated humor in English classrooms. The use of ethnographic methods in two distinct contexts revealed three main functions of “being funny”: affiliation-building, critiquing, and unsettling. Humor as affiliation-building reveals students' deliberate cultivation of their social self through a variety of methods, ranging from the creating “exclusive clubs” on a social networking site to the parodic remixing of infomercial conventions when composing digital texts. Humor as critique, emphasizes the ways in which students agentically manipulate conventions, school assignments, and teacher invitations, to creatively “mash-up” in-school and out-of-school norms and parodically critique schooled expectations related to technology. Finally, humor as unsettling hints at the ways that digital technology enables students to disrupt teacher-assigned school-purposes in pursuit of other, more pressing social purposes that may clash with what is seen as appropriate for school.
Predation and parasitism by native and exotic natural enemies of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) eggs augmented with semiochemicals and differing host stimuli

Abstract Escape from the natural enemy community by invasive species in their introduced range is a key determinant to their success. Historically in North America, there have been only low levels of predation and parasitism for Halyomorpha halys (Stal), the brown marmorated stink bug. In our study, we sought to determine whether prey-, predator-, or plant-associated stimuli increase mortality of H. halys egg masses, and whether the exotic parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) is present in West Virginia or New Jersey. We deployed sentinel egg masses over two years in a variety of studies. We found that the H. halys aggregation pheromone was not used as a kairomone by natural enemies, the presence of methyl salicylate and varying host species stimuli did not impact egg mortality, and other predator attractants did not increase predation damage to egg masses. However, we documented Trissolcus japonicus for the first time in Jefferson Co., West Virginia, USA. Ultimately, our study suggests that other related stimuli and potential landscape factors should be investigated for increasing the impact of the natural community on H. halys.
GODIVA-IV reactivity temperature coefficient calculation using finite element and Monte Carlo techniques

Abstract This paper addresses a procedure for calculating the reactivity temperature coefficient in GODIVA-IV using a two-step modeling approach. One step addresses modeling geometric changes and the second step addresses modeling neutronic changes. Results of this two-step procedure are in good agreement with measured results. GODIVA-IV is a bare highly enriched uranium annulus used for prompt neutron bursts. The main reactivity feedback mechanism in GODIVA-IV is temperature driven thermal expansion. During a burst, the thermal expansion causes a series of complex structural changes. Multiple small parts come into contact when heated and then the annulus expands while being restrained by three clamps. The net result is a very complex set of structural changes. Modeling these changes requires a finite element analysis code such that the structural changes are accurately captured. A similarly complex model was also needed to incorporate the thermal expansion for neutron transport. Modeling a burst accurately requires capturing individual part deformations such that radii and height changes are retained from the finite element analysis model for the neutron transport model. This paper describes the process of modeling GODIVA-IV in ANSYS, a finite element analysis code, calculating the thermal expansion during a neutron burst, and using those data in an MCNP model to calculate the temperature coefficient. It is demonstrated that if a sufficient level of detail is retained in the ANSYS model, displacement data, and MCNP model, an accurate result for the reactivity temperature coefficient can be calculated. The calculated temperature coefficient of −0.295 ¢/°C compares well with the reported value of −0.3 ¢/°C.
Abstract 209: An XX Sex Chromosome Complement Promotes the Development of Obesity, Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Male and Female Ldlr-/- Mice Fed a Western Diet

Background: Underlying mechanisms contributing to sexual dimorphism of cardiovascular diseases are not well understood. Sex hormones are primary contributors to sexual dimorphism of cardiovascular diseases. By comparison, little is known regarding the contribution of genes on sex chromosomes (XX and XY) to sexual dimorphism of cardiovascular diseases, even though the X chromosome contains around 5% of the human genome. In this study, we hypothesized that genes on sex chromosomes influence the development of obesity, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: Transgenic male mice with deletion of Sry from the Y-chromosome expressing Sry on autosomes (8-12 weeks of age) were bred to female Ldlr -/- mice to generate female and male mice with an XX or an XY sex chromosome complement (FXX, FXY, MXX, MXY). Mice were fed a Western diet (Teklad TD88137) for 3 months. XX mice exhibited increased body weight compared to mice with an XY sex chromosome complement, regardless of gonadal sex (FXX, 41.2 ± 2.4; FXY, 31.7 ± 2.5 g; P 4 ± 3.6 x 10 4 ; FXY, 32.4 x 10 4 ± 3.8 x 10 4 μm 2 ; P 4 ± 9.6 x 10 4 ; MXY, 36.2 x 10 4 ± 3.7 x 10 4 μm 2 ; P Conclusion: Results demonstrate that an XX sex chromosome complement promotes diet-induced obesity, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis regardless of gonadal sex. Future studies will identify the role of genes on the X or Y chromosome as mechanisms for these effects.
Development and Validation of the Outdoor Activity Profile (OAP): A Research Note

This study sought to design and validate the Outdoor Activity Profile (OAP), which was based on the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP; Zabriskie & McCormick, 2001). The OAP was designed to measure and categorize involvement as opposed to time in outdoor activities. Data were collected from undergraduate students on two occasions separated by four weeks. Significant correlations existed between all time one and time two involvement scores, thereby supporting the OAP’s test-retest reliability. Descriptive data is presented outlining involvement, satisfaction, and whom respondents were with during activity categories. One-way ANOVA results describe differences between male and female outdoor activity involvement and satisfaction across several categories. Practitioners’ applications of the OAP and future research are discussed.Subscribe to JPRA
iTrace: eye tracking infrastructure for development environments

The paper presents iTrace, an eye tracking infrastructure, that enables eye tracking in development environments such as Visual Studio and Eclipse. Software developers work with software that is comprised of numerous source code files. This requires frequent switching between project artifacts during program understanding or debugging activities. Additionally, the amount of content contained within each artifact can be quite large and require scrolling or navigation of the content. Current approaches to eye tracking are meant for fixed stimuli and struggle to capture context during these activities. iTrace overcomes these limitations allowing developers to work in realistic settings during an eye tracking study. The iTrace architecture is presented along with several use cases of where it can be used by researchers. A short video demonstration is available at https://youtu.be/AmrLWgw4OEs
Simulation of nanoindentation via interatomic potential finite element method

Publisher Summary In this chapter, nanoindentation is simulated via the interatomic potential finite element method (IPFEM). This method differs from the conventional finite element approach that postulates a constitutive relation thought to be appropriate for the problem of interest. Nanoscale contact of material surfaces provides an opportunity to explore and better understand the elastic limit and incipient plasticity in crystals. Several direct atomistic (molecular dynamics) simulations have been carried out to investigate nanoindentation-induced-dislocation-nucleation-nanoscale contact of material surfaces provides an opportunity to explore and better understand the elastic limit and incipient plasticity in crystals. Instead, the constitutive relations is derived from the crystal calculation based on the interatomic interactions. The efficiency of the finite element method allows simulations at comparatively larger length scales, while maintaining atomistic resolutions. The IPFEM calculation is validated by a detailed comparison study with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 2D cylindrical indentation of single crystal copper.
Sampling-based motion planning with reachable volumes for high-degree-of-freedom manipulators:

Motion planning for constrained systems is a version of the motion planning problem in which the motion of a robot is limited by constraints. For example, one can require that a humanoid robot such as a PR2 remain upright by constraining its torso to be above its base or require that an object such as a bucket of water remain upright by constraining the vertices of the object to be parallel to the robot’s base. Grasping can be modeled by requiring that the end effectors of the robot be located at specified handle positions. Constraints might require that the robot remain in contact with a surface, or that certain joints of the robot remain in contact with each other (e.g., closed chains). Such problems are particularly difficult because the constraints form a manifold in C-space, and planning must be restricted to this manifold. High-degree-of-freedom motion planning and motion planning for constrained systems has applications in parallel robotics, grasping and manipulation, computational biology and mole...
Standard Normal and Truncated Normal Distributions

The normal distribution is perhaps the most commonly used probability distribution in materials management as well as in many other scientific developments. This chapter shows how the variable x, from the normal, is related to the standard normal distribution with variable z. A portion of the standard normal contains all values of (z > k) where k is a specific value of z. Of particular interest in subsequent use is the partial mean and partial standard deviation of the measure (z-k) from this portion of the standard normal. Another useful distribution is the truncated normal that also is defined with a parameter k. This distribution has many shapes and a measure of interest is the coefficient of variation, cov, that helps to identify the shape of the distribution. The two distributions, standard normal and truncated normal, have applications in inventory control and examples on how they are used appears in Chap. 11 and 12.
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

BACKGROUND Microvascular inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of both heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). We investigated whether the inflammation biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) was associated with clinical characteristics, disease severity or PH in HFpEF. METHODS Patients in the Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart failure (RELAX) trial had baseline high-sensitivity CRP levels measured (n = 214). Clinical characteristics, exercise performance, echocardiographic variables and biomarkers of neurohumoral activation, fibrosis and myocardial necrosis were assessed. Patients with normal (≤3mg/L) versus high (>3mg/L) CRP levels were compared. RESULTS The median CRP level was 3.69mg/L. CRP was elevated in 57% of patients. High CRP levels were associated with younger age, higher body mass index (BMI), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lower peak oxygen consumption and higher endothelin-1 and aldosterone levels. CRP increased progressively with the number of comorbidities (0.7mg/L per increment in comorbidity number, P = 0.02). Adjusting for age, BMI and statin use, high CRP levels were additionally associated with atrial fibrillation, right ventricular dysfunction, and higher N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (P<0.05 for all). CRP was not associated with PH or left ventricular function. CRP did not identify responders to sildenafil(P-value for interaction 0.13). CONCLUSIONS In HFpEF, high CRP is associated with greater comorbidity burden and some markers of disease severity but CRP was normal in 40% of patients. These findings support the presence of comorbidity-driven systemic inflammation in HFpEF but also the need to study other biomarkers which may better reflect the presence of systemic inflammation.
Kakimizu complexes of Seifert fibered spaces

Kakimizu complexes of Seifert fibered spaces can be described as either horizontal or vertical, depending on what type of surfaces represent their vertices. Horizontal Kakimizu complexes are shown to be trivial. Each vertical Kakimizu complex is shown to be isomorphic to a Kakimizu complex of the base orbifold minus its singular points.
Singularity among selfsimilar Gaussian random fields with different scaling parameters and others

AbstractIt is shown in this paper that the probability measures generated by selfsimilar Gaussian random fields are mutually singular, whenever they have different scaling parameters. So are those ...
Coherent Extreme-Ultraviolet Source Applied to Atom Probe Tomography

We have adapted an atom probe tomograph (APT) with an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) source. The observations suggest that the photoionization pathway provided by the EUV light is superior to the thermal mechanism in conventional APT.
Magnetic Field Energy Harvester and Management Algorithm for Power Tower Sensors

In this paper, a new energy harvesting method and an energy management algorithm are proposed for power sensors used in remote locations such as those in power transmission towers. A magnetic field energy harvester, along with its energy management algorithm, is designed to supply a group of remotely located sensors. The overall system provides a compact, cost-effective harvester solution to supply sustainable energy for reliable sensor operation. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with the coupled-circuit simulation results are provided to verify the proposed harvester and energy management optimization.
Why do lung transplant patients discontinue triazole prophylaxis

BACKGROUND Lung transplant recipients are prone to invasive fungal infections prompting many transplant centers to use prolonged triazole antifungal prophylaxis. From a practical standpoint, it is unclear if lung transplant recipients are able to continue prolonged or lifelong prophylaxis without premature discontinuation from side effects, drug interactions, development of fungal disease, or medication cost. We examined the number of patients that are able to reach a prophylactic endpoint and understand the reasons for early termination. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of all lung and heart-lung transplant patients at Mayo Clinic Rochester from May 1, 2002 to December 31, 2017. Type, duration, and reason for discontinuation of triazole prophylaxis were examined. RESULTS During the study period, 193 patients underwent lung or heart-lung transplantation. Itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole were given to 180, 73, and 60 post-transplant patients, respectively. Providers switched itraconazole to another prophylactic antifungal medication for reasons other than prophylactic completion in 61.8% (126 out of 204) of exposure episodes; this was similar with voriconazole (68.8%, 53 out of 77, P = 0.41). Posaconazole was actively discontinued significantly less often (18.3%, 11 out of 60, P < 0.05). The most common reasons for discontinuing itraconazole were malabsorption (15.5% of exposure episodes) and concern for breakthrough fungal infection (10.2%). In comparison, the most common reason for voriconazole discontinuation was side effect or intolerance (54.5% of VR exposure episodes vs 9.8% of IT exposure episodes, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Itraconazole and posaconazole appeared to have fewer side effects prompting discontinuation than voriconazole, but itraconazole was discontinued more often because of malabsorption and clinical suspicion of fungal infections.
Blockade of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) Improves Efficacy of Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 (PD-1) Therapy in Melanoma.

Immunotherapy is a curable treatment for certain cancers, but it is still only effective in a small subset of patients. We have recently reported that programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) ligand (PD-L1) expression is regulated by lactate present at high levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment can be improved by blocking the lactate-generating enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A). Anti-PD-1 treatment of mice harboring LDH-A deficient B16-F10 melanoma tumors led to an increase in anti-tumor immune responses compared to mice implanted with tumors expressing LDH-A. Specifically, we observed heightened infiltration of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in the LDH-A deficient tumors. These infiltrated cytotoxic cells had an elevated production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme B. Mechanistically, CD8+ T cells isolated from the TME of LDH-A deficient B16-F10 melanoma tumors and treated with anti-PD-1 showed enhanced mitochondrial activity and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Moreover, infiltration of T regulatory (Treg) cells was diminished in LDH-A deficient tumors treated with anti-PD-1. These altered immune cell profiles were clinically relevant as they were accompanied by significantly reduced tumor growth. Our study suggests that blocking LDH-A in the tumor might improve the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Massage for Symptom Management in Adult Inpatients With Hematologic Malignancies.

BackgroundPatients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant often suffer from a predictable constellation of side effects related to therapy. Nonpharmacologic treatments for these side effects...
Analysis and parsing of unstructured cyber-security incident data: poster

The latest threat intelligence platforms use structured protocols to share and analyze cyber-security data. However, most of this data is reported to the platform in the form of unstructured text such as social media posts, emails, and news articles, which then require manual conversion to structured form. In order to bridge the gap between unstructured and structured data, we propose to implement a natural-language-processing-(NLP)-based information extraction (IE) system that takes texts within the cyber-security domain and parses them into structured format. Our approach targets the VERIS format and makes use of the VERIS Community Database as a source of unstructured texts---primarily consisting of news articles-and their structured counterparts (VERIS reports). We propose first to use a supervised machine learning (ML) classifier to discriminate between cyber-related and non-cyber-related texts, and then to use ML classifiers decide which VERIS parameters are relevant in a given text. Then, we propose to use NLP and IE techniques to extract tuples of grammatically co-dependent words. Finally, these tuples will be passed to a domain- and field-specific IE components to fill in different fields of an output VERIS report.
Abstract 1223: Somatic mutations in collagens impact patient outcomes in cancer

Stomach cancer remains among the most lethal diseases around the world demanding improved treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical driver of tumor progression and response to therapy and mediates many of the cancer hallmarks. Collagens are major components of the TME that controls disease progression and mediate therapeutic response. Collagens have been associated with stiffening of the tumor stroma, malignancy and therapeutic resistance. Collagenopathies are caused by loss of function collagen mutations that disrupt tissue formation and are dominant negative variants. We have found somatic tumor variants in collagens that are similar loss-of-function mutations as the germline variants observed in collagenopathies, providing guidance to interpret these cancer mutations. Indeed, the role of somatic mutations in collagens has not been addressed. Remarkably, we found multiple independent lines of evidence that collagen variants impact stomach adenocarcinoma tumors, consistent with a model that collagen variants disrupt the extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to improved therapeutic responses. 1) We find that loss-of-function collagen missense and nonsense mutations are associated with improved survival and disease-free progression times in gastric tumors in the TCGA dataset. 2) The same type of mutations observed in cancer are known to cause rare human diseases and therefore have the potential to impact cell function. 3) Independent of the patient outcome data, collagen variants were associated with significant changes in expression of tumor environment factors including ECM glycoproteins and EMT expression signatures. 4) Remapping RNA-seq reads reveals that single nucleotide variants of the collagens, matching the exome sequencing data are expressed. We will present computational and functional data supporting the hypothesis that somatic variants impact gastric tumors as well as analysis of the impact of collagens somatic mutations PanCancer. Somatic mutations in collagens represent a new paradigm for how cancer cells mediate the TME providing new biomarker and therapeutic opportunities to disrupt the ECM and improve outcomes for cancer patients. Citation Format: Alexander S. Brodsky, Jay Khurana, Dongfang Yang, Ece Gamsiz, Ian Wong, Murray Resnick. Somatic mutations in collagens impact patient outcomes in cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1223.
The Place for Religious Content in Clinical Ethics Consultations: A Reply to Janet Malek

Janet Malek (HEC Forum 31(2):91–102, 2019) argues that a “clinical ethics consultant’s religious worldview has no place in developing ethical recommendations or communicating about them with patients, surrogates, and clinicians.” She offers five types of arguments in support of this thesis: arguments from (i) consensus, (ii) clarity, (iii) availability, (iv) consistency, and (v) autonomy. This essay shows that there are serious problems for each of Malek’s arguments. None of them is sufficient to motivate her thesis (nor are they jointly sufficient). Thus, if it is true that the religious worldview of clinical ethics consultants (CECs) should play no role whatsoever in their work as consultants, this claim will need to be defended on some other ground.
User-focused Data Sharing Agreements: A Foundation for the Genomic Future

Data sharing agreements that clearly describe what individuals are agreeing to and what responsibilities data stewards will undertake are crucial for the establishment, maintenance, and flourishing of genomic datasets. To optimize genomic data resources, researchers, care professionals, and informaticians must regard system design, user objectives, and environmental considerations through users' eyes, identifying fundamental values on which to build and potential barriers to success that must be avoided. Design of agreements that promote desired data sharing and protect valuable data resources as necessary begins with a review of user interests and concerns. Nontraditional approaches for informed consent (eg, abbreviated informed consent, electronic informed consent, and dynamic consent) can facilitate achievement of data donors' privacy-related goals while making data available to researchers. Transparency in individual-researcher interactions, recognition and accommodation of cultural differences, and identification of shared needs and goals create a foundation for data sharing agreements that work over short and long terms.
Computational Study of Ion Binding to the Liquid Interface of Water

We have performed extensive classical molecular dynamics simulations to examine the molecular transport mechanisms of the I-, Br-, Cl- and Na+ ions across the liquid/vapor interface of water. The potentials of mean force were calculated using the constrained mean force approach and polarizable potential models were used to describe the interactions among the species. The simulated potentials of mean force were found to be different, depending on the type of anion. The larger I- and Br- anions bind more strongly to the liquid/vapor interface of water than did the smaller Cl-ion. It is important to note here that most of the gas phase and solution phase properties of the Br- anion are quite similar to that of the Cl- ion. At the interface, however, the interactions of the Br- and Cl- anions with the water interface appeared to be significantly different. We found that the anions approach the interface more closely do than cations. We have also studied the transport mechanism of an I- across the water/dichloromethane interface. The computed potential of mean force showed no well-defined minimum as in the liquid/vapor case, but a stabilization free energy of about?1 kcal/mol near the interface with respect to the bulk liquidmore » was observed. The I- anion carried a water molecule with it as it crossed the interface. This result is in agreement with a recent experimental study on a similar system. Our work differs from earlier contributions in that our potential models have taken many-body effects into account, and in some cases, these effects cannot be neglected. To the best of our knowledge, this work significantly advances our understanding of molecular processes at the liquid interfaces.« less
Mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Disorders: An Emerging Group of Developmental Disorders of Myelination

The mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase proteins (mt-aaRSs) are a group of nuclear-encoded enzymes that facilitate conjugation of each of the 20 amino acids to its cognate tRNA molecule. Mitochondrial diseases are a large, clinically heterogeneous group of disorders with diverse etiologies, ages of onset, and involved organ systems. Diseases related to mt-aaRS mutations are associated with specific syndromes that affect the central nervous system and produce highly characteristic MRI patterns, prototypically the DARS2, EARS, and AARS2 leukodystrophies, which are caused by mutations in mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondria glutamate tRNA synthetase, and mitochondrial alanyl-tRNA synthetase, respectively. The disease patterns emerging for these leukodystrophies are distinct in terms of the age of onset, nature of disease progression, and predominance of involved white matter tracts. In DARS2 and EARS2 disorders, earlier disease onset is typically correlated with more significant brain abnormalities, rapid neurological decline, and greater disability. In AARS2 leukodystrophy cases reported thus far, there is nearly invariable progression to severe disability and atrophy of involved brain regions, often within a decade. Although most mutations are compound heterozygous inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, homozygous variants are found in each disorder and demonstrate high phenotypic variability. Affected siblings manifest disease on a wide spectrum. The syndromic nature and selective vulnerability of white matter tracts in these disorders suggests there may be a shared mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction to target for study. There is evidence that the clinical variability and white matter tract specificity of each mt-aaRS leukodystrophy depend on both canonical and non-canonical effects of the mutations on the process of mitochondrial translation. Furthermore, different sensitivities to the mt-aaRS mutations have been observed based on cell type. Most mutations result in at least partial retention of mt-aaRS enzyme function with varied effects on the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. In EARS2 and AARS2 cells, this appears to result in cumulative impairment of respiration. Mt-aaRS mutations may also affect alternative biochemical pathways such as the integrated stress response, a homeostatic program in eukaryotic cells that typically confers cytoprotection, but can lead to cell death when abnormally activated in response to pathologic states. Systematic review of this group of disorders and further exploration of disease mechanisms in disease models and neural cells are warranted.
Dual-function radar–communications using sidelobe control

This chapter provides an overview of recent advances in radar-embedded communication signals. Several information-embedding techniques have recently been successful in establishing dual-function systems that simultaneously perform both radar and communication functions. Similarto single-function communication platforms, dual function systems should provide secure communications to protect user signals from being intercepted by other users or unintended receivers. Information embedding into the emission of multiple-input (MIMO) multiple-output radar provides a means for broadcast communications to be secondary to the primary radar function of the dual system.
Elon, Ori and Yehonatan Indursky, creators. Shtisel. Abot Hameiri Barkai and Yes Network, 2013.: How Strong Jewish Orthodox Women Won Their Show to Soon Grow in Brooklyn: Women Propelling Shtisel’s Success

Tablet Magazine described Shtisel, created in 2013, now streaming on Netflix (which bought Shtisel in Dec 2018) as “all black hats and beards.” Shtisel centers in a Haredim community in Geula, an ultra-Orthodox neighborhood adjacent to Jerusalem’s Mea Shearim. Debuting in June of 2013, the show was synopsized as being “about an aging Haredi widower in Jerusalem and his hapless grown bachelor son.” Yet a vibrant circle of strong women in the community account for some momentum of the show’s success, resulting in a contract for a third season.
Investigation of the Diet-Gut-Muscle Axis in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study

To investigate the association between dietary fiber density (grams of fiber consumed per 100 kcal) with the gut-muscle axis in older adult men. Cross-sectional study. Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort participants at Visit 4 (2014–16). Older adult men (average age, 85y) from the MrOS study. Men who were in the highest tertiles for dietary fiber density and the percentage of whole body lean mass were defined as T3T3 (n=42), whereas men who were in the lowest and intermediate tertiles for these variables were defined as T1T1 (n=32), T1T3 (n=24), and T3T1 (n=13), respectively. Additionally, measures of physical function, including the short physical performance battery (SPPB) score and grip strength were higher in T3T3 when compared with T1T1. Gut bacterial abundance was quantified with use of 16S v4 rRNA sequencing, and the bacterial functional potential was derived from the 16S data with PICRUSt. Chao1, ACE, Shannon, Simpson, and Fisher indices were used as measures of α-diversity. Weighted and unweighted Unifrac, and Bray-Curtis were used as measures of β-diversity. Age, physical activity score, smoking, and number of medications-adjusted DESeq2 models were used to identify bacteria and functions that were different when comparing T3T3 with T1T1, but that were not also different when comparing T3T3 with T1T3 or T3T1. α-diversity was not different, but significant differences for β-diversity (unweighted UniFrac, Bray-Curtis) were identified when comparing T3T3 with T1T1. Known butyrate-producing bacteria, including Ruminococcus, Lachnospira, and Clostridia, and gene counts for butyrate production (KEGG IDs: K01034, K01035) were higher in T3T3, when compared with T1T1. These data suggest that a high-fiber diet may positively impact butyrate-producing genera and gene counts, which collectively may be involved in mechanisms related to the percentage of whole body lean mass and physical functioning in older adult men. Future studies aimed at testing the causative role of this hypothesis are of interest.
A Bit-Time-Dependent Model of I/O Drivers for Overclocking Analysis

This article proposes a bit-time-dependent behavioral model of input–output (I/O) drivers for overclocking simulation. The driver behavior under overclocking conditions is investigated, and the corresponding weighting function response surface is demonstrated. In contrast to the previous approaches that use fixed timing signals extracted under normal operating conditions only, the proposed model addresses the modeling of overclocking behavior by using bit-time-dependent weighting functions (BTDWFs) along with a transition variable. The weighting coefficients can be generated appropriately for different overclocking scenarios. The corresponding model extraction flow is presented. Using the proposed BTDWFs, the driver input signal is processed during run-time by a finite state machine (FSM) algorithm which can be implemented in the widely supported hardware description languages such as Verilog-A. The proposed model is able to capture the driver’s behavior accurately under both normal operation and overclocking conditions. Its fidelity and simulation speedup are validated with modeling examples using commercial driver circuit.
Resultatives and Constraints on Concealed Causatives

A well-formed transitive resultative construction must show a relation of direct causation between its causing and caused subevents; that is, resultatives conform to the same well-formedness condition as lexical causatives. Yet the best formulation of this condition is the subject of continued discussion. This paper revisits this question in the context of transitive resultatives. They are ideal for this investigation as their verbs provide explicit information about the causing subevent, while lexical causatives are silent about this subevent. This paper investigates the relation between the causing and caused subevents through case studies of resultatives with the result phrases dry and awake. The case studies probe the complex interplay between the subject, the verb, the postverbal NP, and the result phrase using naturally occurring examples. The last case study investigates why resultatives with certain verb–AP combinations disallow a particular interpretation. Together these case studies support the prototypical understanding of direct causation in the literature.
Visiting Migrants, Contesting Detention: An Overview of Community Visitation Programs and Advocacy for Immigrants inside U.S. Immigration Detention:

How do activists advocate for immigrants in U.S. immigration detention, given its closed and guarded structures? Providing advocacy for immigrants becomes difficult in detention as many people do n...
A Multidisciplinary Approach To Designing Immersive Gameplay Elements for Learning Standard-Based Educational Content

Immersive, educational games may increase engagement and offer new affordances in assessment. Many aspects of instruction may be amenable to gameplay—but the degree of success often depends on student (and instructor) engagement. Commercial games tend to have vibrant engagement from school-aged children, but when transformed for instructional purposes, often break critical immersive gameplay elements or the established protocols of instruction. Moreover, educational game design is limited by the relevance these games have toward existing content standards and the degree to which core gameplay remains intact when educational elements are added. To this end, we present a methodology, called DeCoAD—Decomposition, Connection, and Activity Design, for learning scientists and game developers to design and evaluate immersive game mechanics for specific content standards. The three phases of the methodology guide collaborators in (1) decomposing a learning standard and an existing commercial video game into their basic elements, and (2) identifying the game’s potential capabilities to facilitate learning opportunities related to the learning standard. Furthermore, we provide examples from our ongoing experience in creating educational game mechanics for Minecraft, with evaluation from an advisory panel of critical stakeholders.
Genetic variation as a modifier of association between therapeutic exposure and subsequent malignant neoplasms in cancer survivors

Subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs) are associated with significant morbidity and are a major cause of premature mortality among cancer survivors. Several large studies have demonstrated a strong association between the radiation and/or chemotherapy used to treat primary cancer and the risk of developing SMNs. However, for any given therapeutic exposure, the risk of developing an SMN varies between individuals. Genomic variation can potentially modify the association between therapeutic exposures and SMN risk and may explain the observed interindividual variability. In this review, the author provides a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of genomic variation in the development of therapy-related SMNs and discusses the methodological challenges in undertaking an endeavor to develop a deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of therapy-related SMNs, such as an appropriate study design, the identification of an adequately sized study population together with a reliable plan for collecting and maintaining high-quality DNA, clinical validation of the phenotype, and the selection of an appropriate approach or platform for genotyping. Understanding the factors that can modify the risk of treatment-related SMNs is critical to developing targeted intervention strategies and optimizing risk-based health care for cancer survivors.
Cation Transport in Packed Bed Reactor of Soil

A model of cation transport through a reactor of soil has been utilized which includes the processes of convection, dispersion, and cation exchange. Results from the model by finite differences show that it describes the breakthrough curves very well for a variety of flow rates and feed concentrations. A criterion for convergence of the numerical solution has been presented. For the homovalent system K+ - NH 4 + maintained at constant ionic strength and pH the exchange process is symmetric, i.e., the exchange coefficients are equal. These coefficients show a linear correlation with velocity, which probably arises from a diffusion limited transfer normal to the particle surface. Quadratic correlation between dispersion coefficient and velocity reflects a rather complex relationship between concentration gradients and fluid flow. Cation exchange capacity of the soil increases with ionic strength. This behavior is characteristic of colloids of the metallic oxides and hydroxides, which exhibit constant surface potential rather than constant surface charge. The soil is known to contain aluminum and iron hydroxides.
Fibroblast function and wound breaking strength is impaired by acute ethanol intoxication.

Background: Alcohol intoxication occurs in nearly half of all trauma patients and increases the morbidity, mortality, and healing complications of these patients. Prior studies in our laboratory and elsewhere have demonstrated impairments in re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and inflammation in wounds following acute ethanol exposure. Clinically, acute ethanol exposure has been shown to cause an increased breakdown of wounds. To date, the mechanisms by which acute ethanol exposure modifies wound strength have received little experimental attention. Methods: To examine how ethanol influences functions critical to the development of wound strength, the effect of ethanol exposure on fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix production was examined. Normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) were exposed to ethanol (100 mg/dl) and then examined for proliferative capacity and mRNA production of collagen I, collagen III, and lysyl oxidase (LOX). In in vivo studies, the wound breaking strength, LOX activity, collagen, and hyaluronic acid (HA) contents of wounds of ethanol-exposed (100 mg/dl) mice were examined. Results: At 24, 48, and 72 hours after acute ethanol exposure (8 hours duration), NHDF displayed a significant impairment in proliferative capacity (up to 50% at 24 hours p Language: en
N-(2-methyl-6-benzoxazolyl)-N'-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl urea (SB334867), a hypocretin receptor-1 antagonist, preferentially prevents ethanol seeking: comparison with natural reward seeking.

Orexins/hypocretins (Orx/Hcrt) are hypothalamic peptides that regulate a wide range of physiological processes and have been shown to be recruited by drugs of abuse. This study was designed to test the effect of the specific Orx/Hcrt receptor-1 (Hcrt-r1) antagonist, N-(2-methyl-6-benzoxazolyl)-N'-1,5-naphthyridin-4-yl urea (SB334867), on reinstatement elicited by ethanol (EtOH)-associated stimuli versus stimuli associated with a conventional reinforcer [i.e. SuperSac, consisting of 3% glucose and 0.125% saccharin (w/v)]. SB334867 (1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced reinstatement induced by the EtOH- but not SuperSac-associated stimuli. These findings support a differential role of Hcrt-r1 in mediating EtOH seeking versus natural reward seeking.
Towards a phylogenetic classification of species belonging to the diatom genus Cyclotella (Bacillariophyceae): Transfer of species formerly placed in Puncticulata , Handmannia , Pliocaenicus and Cyclotella to the genus Lindavia

Cyclotella is a commonly encountered name in the diatom literature. The name is attached, however, to a historically vaguely defined and polyphyletic genus whose taxonomy and systematics remain muddled despite numerous taxonomic treatments. One recent chapter in this history concerns species informally known as the “Cyclotella comta” group, which have one or more rimoportulae on the valve face. These species were grouped into a new genus, Puncticulata, a name that has been applied inconsistently since its introduction. The name Puncticulata eventually was shown to be illegitimate, as some species had once been classified within Handmannia, which had nomenclatural priority. An inventory of names within Cyclotella sensu lato revealed that both Puncticulata and Handmannia are later synonyms of Lindavia. We identify a rimoportula positioned on the valve face as a synapomorphy for a group of taxa with the Cyclotella comta and C. ocellata bauplans (including Pliocaenicus), and accordingly, we transfer taxa with this synapomorphy into the genus Lindavia.
B cells on the front line.

Marginal zone B cells may steal the limelight as the roles of Pyk-2 and BLyS begin to be elucidated. Pyk-2 deficiency leads to their loss whereas signaling via the BLyS receptor may augment their function.
Polarized target double and triple spin correlation parameters in elastic proton-deuteron scattering

The on-shell part of the nucleon-nucleon scattering matrix, i.e. the part which can be determined from nucleon-nucleon scattering, is not sufficient for a complete description of proton-nucleus scattering. These reactions also involve processes in which the incident proton simultaneously scatters from two or more nucleons in the target. Elastic proton-deuteron scattering is one good way to study three body processes of this type because no more than three nucleons are ever involved and because this nucleus has a relatively simple structure. Since the deuteron has spin one, there are 12 independent complex amplitudes which govern the reaction for a given incident energy and momentum transfer. This suggests that proton-deuteron elastic scattering is sensitive to many aspects of the spin structure of the three body process.
Phylogenetic analysis of within-host serially-sampled viral data

The primary goal of this dissertation is the study of patterns of viral evolution inferred from serially-sampled sequence data, i.e., sequence data obtained from strains isolated at consecutive time points from a single patient or host. RNA viral populations have an extremely high genetic variability, largely due to their astronomical population sizes within host systems, high replication rate, and short generation time. It is this aspect of their evolution that demands special attention and a different approach when studying the evolutionary relationships of serially-sampled sequence data. New methods that analyze serially-sampled data were developed shortly after a groundbreaking HIV-1 study of several patients from which viruses were isolated at recurring intervals over a period of 10 or more years. These methods assume a tree-like evolutionary model, while many RNA viruses have the capacity to exchange genetic material with one another using a process called recombination. A genealogy involving recombination is best described by a network structure. A more general approach was implemented in a new computational tool, Sliding MinPD, one that is mindful of the sampling times of the input sequences and that reconstructs the viral evolutionary relationships in the form of a network structure with implicit representations of recombination events. The underlying network organization reveals unique patterns of viral evolution and could help explain the emergence of disease-associated mutants and drug-resistant strains, with implications for patient prognosis and treatment strategies. In order to comprehensively test the developed methods and to carry out comparison studies with other methods, synthetic data sets are critical. Therefore, appropriate sequence generators were also developed to simulate the evolution of serially-sampled recombinant viruses, new and more through evaluation criteria for recombination detection methods were established, and three major comparison studies were performed. The newly developed tools were also applied to "real" HIV-1 sequence data and it was shown that the results represented within an evolutionary network structure can be interpreted in biologically meaningful ways.
PHONON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY IN GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS

The atoms or molecules intercalated in a graphite intercalation compound are correlated spatially among themselves, resulting in a static structure factor with sharp peaks. Graphite phonons with momenta corresponding to these structure factor peaks have a higher probability of being scattered into the Brillouin zone center and becoming Raman active. With this momentum selection scheme, we can interpret the observed Raman features of graphite intercalation compounds with various in-plane structures.
Remediation: A closer look in an educational context

Educators utilize various approaches when implementing the concept of remediation in associate degree programs of nursing. Consequently, many forms of remediation are used throughout a student's academic progression. In light of the declining National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurse pass rates, a standardized definition of remediation is needed. This article will analyze the concept of remediation utilizing the Wilsonian technique of concept analysis, rendering a definition of remediation and recommendations for its use.
Modification of the fiber-matrix interface of p-aramid fibers using gas plasmas

To modify the interface between bisphenol-A epoxy and the p-aramid poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA, Kevlar® 49) and co-poly(p-phenylene/3,4'-diphenylether terephthalamide) (CPDT, Technora®) fibers, argon, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide gas plasmas were used. The effects on the fibers were characterized by changes in the fiber tensile strength and the interfacial shear strength; the latter was measured using the microbond test method. Inspection of the surface topography was conducted using a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the plasma treatments did not influence the tensile strength of either of the fibers. However, the results of the microbond test showed a 10-20% improvement in the interfacial shear strength for PPTA, but for CPDT the shear strength decreased by about the same amount. Examination with the scanning electron microscope showed no changes in the surface topography of either p-aramid fiber after the plasma treatment.