cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NON-INTRUSIVE TECHNIQUE FOR MEASURING INSTABILITY WAVE AMPLITUDES AT SIMPLEX SWIRL ATOMIZER EXIT

An optical method for non-intrusive wave amplitude measurement is examined. An experimental setup was constructed to produce sprays of various fluids including Canola oil and glycerin-water mixtures, such that precise control of pressure up to 140 psi was possible. A spray was produced by a 20 Gallon per hour oil burner nozzle at varying pressures. Initially, a smooth laminar conical sheet was noticed which eventually was found to break up into droplets. A laser was passed through the laminar conical sheet and was projected onto a surface on the other side and resulted in a vertical linear projection. This projection is postulated to be formed due to the scanning motion of the laser beam as instability waves pass through the laser. The angle of this scan was found to be a function of pressure, cone angle, and distance of laser from nozzle. High resolution images were taken of the film profile as well as the projected image and image analysis software was used to calculate cone angles and angular scan of the laser. Tests were performed with Canola Oil as well as a mixture of glycerin and water in order to evaluate the effect of viscosity and surface tension on the measurements. The resulting data was used to illustrate a principle for determining the instability wave amplitude using this technique.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Interjurisdictional transport conflict in the Phoenix Metropolitan area: A study of the local state

Abstract There is no single administrative unit which governs all facets of metropolitan areas in the USA. Instead administrative and regulatory powers are usually shared by a number of jurisdictions, with multiple lines of authority, each exercising control and taxing powers over specific areas. The unique make-up of the American metropolis frequently results in conflicts within jurisdictions between different neighbourhoods, between jurisdictions, or between the state and local jurisdictions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the nature of the local state leads to conflicts between neighbouring juridical units in metropolitan areas and to gain an understanding of the causes of conflicts and the characteristics of the participants. It specifically looks at transport confrontations between local jurisdictions in the Phoenix metropolitan area from 1980 to 1989. The efficient movement of people, goods, and services is critical to the quality of urban life and economic success in urban areas; however, the growth of Phoenix metropolitan over the last 45 years has placed a tremendous strain on its transport system that has led to a number of conflicts between metropolitan jurisdictions. It is through empirical work, that focuses on the local state, that we gain an understanding of the impact of conflict involving economic changes, social movements, and land use policy. This study seeks to add to that understanding.
Partitioning techniques for design of multilevel codes for Rayleigh fading channels

We consider the problem of code design for a set of parallel correlated Rayleigh fading channels. This design problem arises whenever a channel can be decomposed into parallel channels, for example in OFDM schemes using Weyl-Heisenberg bases over underspread fading channels. Schemes involving rotations of integer lattices have been proposed in J. Boutros et al. (1998) as a technique for communication over such channels. In this paper, we propose a multilevel coded modulation scheme based on partitioning the integer lattice and protecting these partitions with outer codes.
Distributed pose averaging in camera networks via consensus on SE(3)

In this paper, we propose distributed algorithms for estimating the average pose of an object viewed by a localized network of camera motes. To this effect, we propose distributed averaging consensus algorithms on the group of 3D rigid-body transformations, SE(3). We rigorously analyze the convergence of the proposed algorithms, and show that naive generalizations of Euclidean consensus algorithms fail to converge to the correct solution. We also provide synthetic experiments that confirm our analysis and validate our approach.
Suprarenal placement of vena caval filters: Indications, techniques, and results

Preferred treatment for thromboembolism when heparin fails or is contraindicated is infrarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption. In the present study suprarenal Greenfield filters were placed in 11 patients in whom routine infrarenal IVC interruption would have been inadequate therapy. As identified by IVC venography, nine patients, including two patients with renal vein thrombi and proteinuria, had partially attached IVC thrombi extending to or above the orifices of the renal veins. One patient had multiple life-threatening pulmonary emboli (PE) on anticoagulation therapy without a known source of emboli and a large patent ovarian vein, and another had an ovarian vein thrombus. Five patients (45%) had a contraindication to heparin therapy, and five (45%) had recurrent PE on anticoagulants. In follow-up (range 3 to 26 months, mean 12.3 months) there has been no documented or suspected recurrent PE, change in renal function, or peripheral edema. There were two deaths secondary to malignancy. IVC patency was demonstrated in all patients studied. Eight patients continue to receive anticoagulants. Based on our clinical experience, our data suggest that suprarenal filter placement is indicated in the following situations: (1) recurrent thromboemboli despite anticoagulation therapy with IVC thrombi extending to or above the renal veins, renal vein thrombosis, previous IVC interruption, or a large patent left ovarian vein or (2) documented perirenal IVC thrombi when anticoagulation therapy is contraindicated. The results of this study indicate that when thromboemboli originate at or above the level of the renal veins in the IVC, suprarenal IVC filter placement is effective therapy.
From smart grids to an energy internet: Assumptions, architectures and requirements

Secure and reliable delivery of energy is essential to modern society. Achieving this goal is becoming more challenging with increasing demand and declining resources. The ongoing restructuring of the rather old delivery infrastructure is an attempt to improve its performance so that energy can be utilized with higher efficiency. Smart grids are an advanced concept with a number of unique features compared to their precedents, including early detection and self healing capabilities. An implementation of smart grids is an energy Internet where energy flows from suppliers to customers like data packets do in the Internet. Apparent benefits from an energy Internet are its openness, robustness and reliability. This paper uses electricity as an example to present some key assumptions and requirements for building the energy Internet. An example is presented.
Climatological Aspects of Radiation Fog Occurrence at Albany, New York

Abstract We present a detailed investigation of the local radiation fog climatology, carried out in support of our ongoing field program to study radiation fog mechanisms at Albany, New York. At Albany, a distinct ”radiation fog season” is observed during September and October. We show that this late-summer/early-autumn maximum in radiation fog observations is primarily due to a sufficient period of nocturnal cooling coupled with an adequate moisture supply. Five critical surface synoptic patterns are responsible for initiating the radiation fog process. In addition, radiation fog life cycles are generally confined to a modest time window centered on sunrise. Key parameters necessary for forecasting the onset time of fog are shown to be the initial relative humidity and nocturnal cooling rate.
Improved culture conditions stimulate gluconeogenesis in primary cultures of renal proximal tubule cells

Unlike renal proximal tubule cells (RPTC) in vivo, RPTC cultured in standard conditions are hypoxic, glycolytic, and not gluconeogenic. This study investigated the effects of glucose and lactate on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in rabbit RPTC cultured in conditions of increased oxygen supply (Shake). Confluent Shake cultures grown in the presence of glucose exhibited increased oxygen consumption and decreased glycolysis compared with stationary (Still) cultures. Addition of 5 mM lactate to a 5 mM glucose medium decreased net glucose consumption and glucose oxidation in Shake cultures by 34 and 50%, respectively, and resulted in net lactate consumption. Addition of 5 mM lactate to a glucose-free medium resulted in a threefold increase in net glucose production (0.024 +/- 0.003 vs. 0.074 +/- 0.013 mumol.mg protein-1.day-1) in Shake cultures. Net glucose production further increased to 0.430 +/- 0.020 and 1.640 +/- 0.040 mumol.mg protein-1.day-1 when glucose reuptake was inhibited by 1 mM phloridzin or 1 mM phloridzin + 1 mM phloretin, respectively. These results show that, under conditions of improved oxygenation and in the presence of lactate and physiological levels of glucose and insulin, RPTC aerobic metabolism increases and glucose metabolism changes from glycolysis and net lactate production to gluconeogenesis and net lactate consumption.
Longitudinal Dispersion of Bed-Material Particles

The movement of sediment particles is expressed in terms of steps and rest periods. A set of difference equations based on the Aris moment transformation and used previously for the longitudinal dispersion of suspended particles is modified to find the distribution functions of step length and rest period of tracer particles moving along an alluvial bed for a given flow condition. This study indicates that the rest periods follow an exponential distribution function and the step lengths follow a gamma distribution function. The comparison between the numerical solution of Aris' moment equations and Yang's general one-dimensional stochastic model indicates that both models lead to the same solution for the same condition.
Effects of cortisone acetate on fluid and electrolyte balance in normal rabbits.

Summary1. External balance studies for sodium and potassium and serial isotopic determinations of the exchangeable potassium content were made in 2 groups of normal male rabbits which were given, respectively, 4 mg of cortisone acetate daily for 2 weeks and 25 mg daily for 3 weeks. The administration of 4 mg daily resulted in an increase in body weight and a reduction in serum sodium concentration within 7 days; both serum sodium and serum potassium concentrations were increased in 14 days. One week after discontinuation of cortisone, the animals were in negative sodium balance. The administration of 25 mg daily resulted in a negative sodium and potassium balance with an increase in serum sodium concentration within 7 days. At 21 days, body weight and exchangeable potassium content were reduced. 2. The results indicate that the response of normal rabbits to cortisone acetate varies with the size of the dose and with the length of the period of administration. The results suggest that the earliest change t...
Sensibility of Blattella germanica to insecticides in the railway region of Gansu province

Objective To identify the sensibility and lethal effect of Blattella germanica on acephate,propoxur,cyhalothrin,beta-cypermethrin and fipronil in the railway region of Gansu province.Methods The pesticide smeared jam bottle drug membrane contact method advocated by WHO was used in this study.Results The resistance coefficients of B.germanica from Lanzhou and Jiayuguan railway region were 2.17 and 12.34 to beta-cypermethrin and 2.87 and 4.96 to clocythrin,respectively.The killing effects of clocythrin and propoxur on B.germanica from Lanzhou railway region were 90.00% and 53.33%,respectively,and 40.00% against those from the Jiayuguan railway region.Conclusion The usage amount of beta-cypermethrin and clocythrin should be reduced and care given to the usage of propoxur.Priority should be given to the usage of acephate and fipronil alternately so as to delay and reduce the resistance among cockroaches.
A potential role for altered protein phosphorylation in the mediation of developmental neurotoxicity.

Protein phosphorylation represents a major post-transmational mechanism through which numerous physiological processes are regulated. In the central nervous system, many extracellular messengers appear to exert their effects by regulating the intracellular concentration of specific second messengers which in turn activate specific phosphoprotein kinases. The diversity of these kinase and their substrates provide the means through which the diversity of brain celle types integrate and process extracellular signals
Influence of grating thickness in low-contrast subwavelength grating concentrating lenses

Conventional subwavelength grating concentrating lenses are designed based on calculated phase overlap, wherein the phase change is fixed by the grating thickness, bar-width, and airgap, and therefore the focus. We found that certain concentration effects can still be maintained by changing the grating thickness with the same bar-widths and airgap dimensions. Following that, we discovered the existence of the grating thickness threshold; light concentration intensity spikes upon exceeding this limit. However, the light concentration property does not change continuously with respect to a steady increase in grating thickness. This observation indicates that there exists a concentration mode self-interference effect along the light propagation direction inside the gratings. Our results may provide guidance in designing and fabricating microlenses in a potentially more easy and controllable manner. Such approaches can be utilized in various integrated nanophotonics applications ranging from optical cavities and read/write heads to concentrating photovoltaics.
Framing Violence: Narrator and Reader in “Pai contra mãe”

Giulia Ricco reads Machado’s famed short story, “Father versus Mother,” as a rich case study for analyzing the ways in which Machado strategically includes and excludes violence through the act of narration. This leads Ricco to reflect on how the reader collaborates with the narrator in this process. The analysis begins by examining the opening preamble, where Machado inserts the reader into the frame of the story. Ricco then moves into the plot to explore how the narrator sustains the frame of violence through irony and careful word choices. Machado’s ability to connect to the present lies precisely in the dialogues that his shortstories spark between the narrator and the modern reader when representing the forms of violence that are still intrinsic in Brazilian society.
Early Quantum Physics

This chapter discusses early quantum physics. By the beginning of the twentieth century, experimental techniques had become quite sophisticated and remarkably precise. Careful experimentation began to reveal phenomena that could not be explained by classical physics, and considerable experimental data began to accumulate. These data suggested that they held clues to the structure of atomic matter and the rules that govern subatomic interactions. The scientists of the early twentieth century were particularly challenged by this natural puzzle. They were doubtless and, at the same time, tantalized and excited by the prospects of new and revolutionary concepts that would be required to decipher this microscopic mystery. During the first three decades of the twentieth century, they not only resolved many of the major experimental-theoretical dilemmas but also revolutionized physics in the process. The chapter describes some of the crucial steps in the creation of the new physics, which has come to be called modern physics or quantum physics.
The Regional Water Cycle and Heavy Spring Rainfall in Iowa: Observational and Modeling Analyses from the IFloodS Campaign

AbstractThe regional water cycle is examined with a special focus on water vapor transport in Iowa during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) campaign period, April–June 2013. The period had exceptionally large rainfall accumulations, and rainfall was distributed over an unusually large number of storm days. Radar-derived rainfall fields covering the 200 000 km2 study region; precipitable water from a network of global positioning system (GPS) measurements; and vertically integrated water vapor flux derived from GPS precipitable water, radar velocity–azimuth display (VAD) wind profiles, and radiosonde humidity profiles are utilized. They show that heavy rainfall is relatively weakly correlated with precipitable water and precipitable water change, with somewhat stronger direct relationships to water vapor flux. Thermodynamic properties tied to the vertical distribution of water vapor play an important role in determining heavy rainfall distribution, especially for periods of strong southerly water vapor flux...
Concurrent error detection and tolerance in Kalman filters using encoded state and statistical covariance checks

The Kalman filter is a versatile tool used in control and signal processing systems to predict statistically significant data from noisy measurements. In many practical control systems, not all the system states are directly controllable and observable. From noisy measurements of a limited subset of the observable system states, the Kalman filter predicts the mean values and covariances of the complete set of continuously evolving system states using specialized matrix arithmetic. Our goal is to detect errors in any underlying arithmetic computation (e.g. addition/multiplication) involved in the operation of the Kalman filter. While prior linear state checksum methods can be used to detect errors in a subset of the matrix operations of the Kalman filter, they do not suffice for detecting errors in the majority of calculations involved in determining the state covariances. To solve this problem, we develop the notion of statistical state covariance checks. Two applications of a Kalman filter, a trajectory tracking system and a linearized control system for an inverted pendulum are used to demonstrate the proposed approach. A simple state restoration approach is used to compensate for detected errors allowing the complete system to tolerate errors as and when they affect system operation.
Sound Bit-Precise Numerical Domains

This paper tackles the challenge of creating a numerical abstract domain that can identify affine-inequality invariants while handling overflow in arithmetic operations over bit-vector data-types. The paper describes the design and implementation of a class of new abstract domains, called the Bit-Vector-Sound, Finite-Disjunctive (\(\textit{BVSFD}\)) domains. We introduce a framework that takes an abstract domain \(\mathcal {A}\) that is sound with respect to mathematical integers and creates an abstract domain \(\textit{BVS}(\mathcal {A})\) whose operations and abstract transformers are sound with respect to machine integers. We also describe how to create abstract transformers for \(\textit{BVS}(\mathcal {A})\) that are sound with respect to machine arithmetic. The abstract transformers make use of an operation \(\textit{WRAP}(\textit{av}, v)\)—where \(\textit{av} \in \mathcal {A}\) and v is a set of program variables—which performs wraparound in av for the variables in v.
A Kinematic Study of Prosodic Structure in Articulatory and Manual Gestures: Results from a Novel Method of Data Collection.

The primary goal of this work is to examine prosodic structure as expressed concurrently through articulatory and manual gestures. Specifically, we investigated the effects of phrase-level prominence (Experiment 1) and of prosodic boundaries (Experiments 2 and 3) on the kinematic properties of oral constriction and manual gestures. The hypothesis guiding this work is that prosodic structure will be similarly expressed in both modalities. To test this, we have developed a novel method of data collection that simultaneously records speech audio, vocal tract gestures (using electromagnetic articulometry) and manual gestures (using motion capture). This method allows us, for the first time, to investigate kinematic properties of body movement and vocal tract gestures simultaneously, which in turn allows us to examine the relationship between speech and body gestures with great precision. A second goal of the paper is thus to establish the validity of this method. Results from two speakers show that manual and oral gestures lengthen under prominence and at prosodic boundaries, indicating that the effects of prosodic structure extend beyond the vocal tract to include body movement. 1
Assessing Emotionally Intelligent Leadership in Pharmacy Students

Objective. To determine the frequency distribution of pharmacy students across Emotionally Intelligent Leadership Inventory (EILI) measures. Methods. The EILI was administered to 235 pharmacy students at two schools. The instrument was systematically compared to the 2013 CAPE Outcomes and analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis. Results. The EILI has primary connections with pharmacy competencies related to interprofessional communication and leadership. The three facets of the EILI were verified for internal consistency (Context, α=.78; Self, α=.74; Others, α=.79). Student scores were the highest for the consciousness of self facet, with a mean score of 31.4 out of 40. Conclusion. The EILI shows promise as an instrument for use in assessing pharmacy students' emotional intelligence and leadership skills.
Book Review: The Gospel according to Heretics: Discovering Orthodoxy through Early Christological Conflicts:

The Gospel according to Heretics: Discovering Orthodoxy through Early Christological Conflicts. By David E. Wilhite. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2015. xii + 290 pp. $22.99 (paper).Sabellianism, Nestorianism, Eutychianism, Pneumatomachianism, Apollinarianism. The names of these ancient heresies may be familiar to the average seminarian or student of theology, but it is far less likely that this same student could identify their distinctive doctrines or theological relevance. Furthermore, those who are aware of the convoluted history and political struggles involved in the orthodox triumph over these heresies might be inclined to concur with Edward Gibbons famous critique of the debates between various parties in the Nicene controversy as "furious contests" waged over "the difference of a single diphthong." Yet early Christian heresies do indeed have something to teach us, and in this book David Wilhite seeks to show just what that is.The book has two principal goals. First, it seeks to provide a historically balanced introduction to a variety of ancient Christological heresies spanning the second to the eighth centuries, and it must be said that Wilhite has achieved this goal with great success. The study of heretics is a notoriously difficult task, because so much of the evidence for their teaching must be gleaned from the biased and frequently unsympathetic writings of their opponents. Wilhite acknowledges this and prioritizes as much as possible the extant writings of the heretics he studies. At the same time, while he reads the orthodox accounts of heretics through a critical "hermeneutic of suspicion" (p. 6), he does not allow this critical stance to undermine the usefulness of orthodox critiques in reconstructing the beliefs of their opponents. Also, while the book is clearly intended for non-specialists, Wilhites footnotes show that he has kept abreast of the most recent scholarship and that he has synthesized the insights of this scholarship in his presentation of heresies. Finally, those looking to use the book in a class setting will be delighted with its user-friendly formatting. It is divided into ten chapters, each devoted to a single heresy, and each chapter includes helpful summaries and suggestions for further reading.The second goal, observable in the title, is to offer a greater understanding of orthodox theology by way of investigating its alternative: the gospel according to the heretics. …
Observation of Photonic Topological Valley Hall Edge States

We experimentally demonstrate topological edge states arising from the valley-Hall effect in two-dimensional honeycomb photonic lattices with broken inversion symmetry. We break the inversion symmetry by detuning the refractive indices of the two honeycomb sublattices, giving rise to a boron nitridelike band structure. The edge states therefore exist along the domain walls between regions of opposite valley Chern numbers. We probe both the armchair and zigzag domain walls and show that the former become gapped for any detuning, whereas the latter remain ungapped until a cutoff is reached. The valley-Hall effect provides a new mechanism for the realization of time-reversal-invariant photonic topological insulators.
Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in General Practice The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Background—A simple and effective heart failure (HF) risk score would facilitate the primary prevention and early diagnosis of HF in general practice. We examined the external validity of existing HF risk scores, optimized a 10-year HF risk function, and examined the incremental value of several biomarkers, including N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Methods and Results—During 15.5 years (210 102 person-years of follow-up), 1487 HF events were recorded among 13 555 members of the biethnic Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study cohort. The area under curve from the Framingham-published, Framingham-recalibrated, Health ABC HF recalibrated, and ARIC risk scores were 0.610, 0.762, 0.783, and 0.797, respectively. On addition of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, the optimism-corrected area under curve of the ARIC HF risk score increased from 0.773 (95% CI, 0.753–0.787) to 0.805 (95% CI, 0.792–0.820). Inclusion of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide improved the overall classificat...
A Mechanism of Mixed Layer Formation in the Indo–Western Pacific Southern Ocean: Preconditioning by an Eddy-Driven Jet-Scale Overturning Circulation

AbstractThe formation of a narrow band of the deep winter mixed layer (hereinafter “mixed layer wedge”) in the Indo–western Pacific Southern Ocean is examined using an eddy-resolving Parallel Ocean Program (POP) model simulation. The mixed layer wedge starts to deepen in June, centered at 47.5°S, with a meridional scale of only ~2° latitude. Its center is located ~1° north of the model’s Subantarctic Front (SAF). The Argo-based observed mixed layer is similarly narrow and occurs adjacent to the observed SAF. In the small sector of 130°–142°E, where the SAF is persistent and the mixed layer is deepest, the formation of the narrow mixed layer wedge coincides with destratification underneath the mixed layer. This destratification can be attributed primarily to the downwelling branch of a jet-scale overturning circulation (JSOC). The JSOC, which was reported in an earlier study by the authors, is driven by eddy momentum flux convergence and is therefore thermally indirect: its descending branch occurs on the ...
Investigating the Spatial Distribution of Manufacturing Employment

An extensive body of research examines the relationship between transportation and economic activity in a region; however, many of the studies ignore the possible spatial interdependencies between regions. As a result, these studies may over- or underestimate the role that transportation plays on the economic activity of a region. This paper contributes to the literature by exploring the relationship between the supply of transportation infrastructure and manufacturing employment concentration through a model that accounts for the spatial structure of the data at the zip code level. The modeling approach, which is demonstrated with a case study in Indiana, accounts for spillovers across areas by using a spatial autoregressive model with autoregressive disturbances. The results indicate that the high concentration of manufacturing employment in Indiana has been strongly associated with proximity to industrial parks, low commuting time, a higher percentages of firms with more than 100 employees, lower highw...
Assessing Correlation of Residency Applicants' Interview Dates With Likelihood of Matching.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine whether the timing of an interview relative to the recruitment season was associated with being ranked or matched at an academic medical center. METHODS Eleven specialties (anesthesiology, diagnostic radiology, emergency medicine, family medicine, general surgery, internal medicine, neurology, neurosurgery, obstetrics-gynecology, orthopedic surgery, and psychiatry) that participated in the National Resident Matching Program were included in the study. Each program's total number of interview days during the October 2014-January 2015 interview season were divided equally into three interview time periods. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to evaluate associations among the three interview time periods (early, middle, and late) and interviewee outcomes (ranked or matched at our institution) for all subjects combined for each of the 11 programs and for specialty groups (medical, surgical, and hospital). RESULTS Of 1034 applicants included in the analyses, 60% were men. Most were graduated from US medical schools (59.8%; a total of 103 applicants obtained first-year training positions through the Match [95.4% combined fill rate]). Twenty-nine interviewed early, 38 in the middle, and 36 in the late period (P = 0.3877). A total of 864 applicants were ranked by 1 of the 11 residency programs at the study site: 267 in the early period, 319 in the middle, and 278 in the late period (P = 0.4184). Being ranked in association with specialty classification also showed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Interview timing had no relation to the likelihood of a match or being ranked by 1 of the 11 programs studied at our institution. These findings help dispel misconceptions about the importance of the interview date for a successful match.
Drosophila Insulin receptor regulates the persistence of injury-induced nociceptive sensitization.

Diabetes-associated nociceptive hypersensitivity affects diabetic patients with hard-to-treat chronic pain. Because multiple tissues are affected by systemic alterations in insulin signaling, the functional locus of insulin signaling in diabetes-associated hypersensitivity remains obscure. Here, we used Drosophila nociception/nociceptive sensitization assays to investigate the role of Insulin receptor (Insulin-like receptor, InR) in nociceptive hypersensitivity. InR mutant larvae exhibited mostly normal baseline thermal nociception (absence of injury) and normal acute thermal hypersensitivity following UV-induced injury. However, their acute thermal hypersensitivity persists and fails to return to baseline, unlike in controls. Remarkably, injury-induced persistent hypersensitivity is also observed in larvae that exhibit either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Cell type-specific genetic analysis indicates that InR function is required in multidendritic sensory neurons including nociceptive class IV neurons. In these same nociceptive sensory neurons, only modest changes in dendritic morphology were observed in the InRRNAi -expressing and diabetic larvae. At the cellular level, InR-deficient nociceptive sensory neurons show elevated calcium responses after injury. Sensory neuron-specific expression of InR rescues the persistent thermal hypersensitivity of InR mutants and constitutive activation of InR in sensory neurons ameliorates the hypersensitivity observed with a type 2-like diabetic state. Our results suggest that a sensory neuron-specific function of InR regulates the persistence of injury-associated hypersensitivity. It is likely that this new system will be an informative genetically tractable model of diabetes-associated hypersensitivity.
The "Bundle Busters": Incidence and Costs of Postacute Complications Following Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Recently, a bundled payment model was implemented in the United States to improve quality and reduce costs. While hospitals may be rewarded for lowering costs, they may be financially exposed by high cost complications, the so-called bundle busters. We aimed at determining the incidence, etiology, and costs of postacute complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods A retrospective study was conducted using a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) from January 2015 to April 2016. Nurse navigators performed postoperative surveillance to identify patients with complications and unplanned clinical events in the 90-day postoperative period. This was combined with episode-of-care costs provided by third-party payers to derive the mean and per capita costs of postacute complications and clinical events. Results Among 3018 THA and 5389 TKA patients, 3.35% of THA and 2.62% of TKA patients sought emergency department or urgent care services, 2.62% of THA and 3.69% of TKA patients required hospital readmission, and 3.99% of TKA patients required manipulation. Joint-related complications were more common following THA, whereas medical complications were more frequent after TKA. The most costly complications after THA were periprosthetic fracture, dislocation, and myocardial infarction, compared to deep infection, myocardial infarction, and pulmonary embolism after TKA. Conclusion Joint-related complications were among the most costly events after TJA, and given their higher incidence after THA, had a larger impact on per capita costs. Medical complications were more common after TKA and more costly. Despite these events, postacute complications made up less than 5% of the total 90-day costs of TJA.
The ‘Taboas geraes’ of João Teixeira Albernaz I as a Mediated Textual Object

This article examines the ‘Taboas geraes da toda a navegacao’ (1630), a manuscript atlas by Portuguese cartographer Joao Teixeira Albernaz I (fl.1602-1649), as a textual artifact permanently altered and resignified by the additions and alterations that Spanish mariner and author Francisco de Seyxas y Lovera (c.1646-c.1705) carried out in the late seventeenth century. I examine the biographical circumstances in which Seyxas possessed the atlas and analyze his modifications of the ‘Taboas geraes’ as authorial acts with political, autobiographical and literary dimensions. I seek, as well, to identify problems that the ‘Taboas geraes’ presents for how we understand matters of authorship and textual nature surrounding this object – as well as other one-of-a-kind, mediated artefacts – examining whether existing scholarship provides an adequate framework through which to approach this situation.
QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PATERNALLY·MEDIATED DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY

This contribution presents a suggested approach for quantitative evaluation of risk to the offspring for developmental toxicity from paternal exposure. This proposed approach is different than the traditional risk assessment method for developmental toxicity which has focused exclusively on maternally mediated toxicity (i.e., toxicity resulting from maternal exposure during pregnancy) to the developing embryo or fetus (Fabro 1985, Fabro et al 1982, Faustman et al 1989, Francis et al 1990, Frankos 1985, Gaylor 1989, Gaylor et al 1988, Hart et al 1988, Hemminki et al 1986, Hemminki and Vineis 1985, Jelovsek et al 1989, Jelovsek et al 1990, Kimmel 1989, Kimmel and Gaylor 1988, Kimmel et al 1989, Koeter 1983, Mattison et al 1989, Schardein et al 1985, Schardein 1993, Shepard 1989,). Over the past decade there has been considerable discussion of a range of approaches to characterize risk to the developing embryo or fetus from maternal exposure, including: (i) statistical approaches for dose response modeling such as the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)-safety factor1 (SF) approach to determine the allowable daily intake (ADI), the benchmark dose (BmD)-SF approach to determine the reference dose for developmental toxicity (RfDdt); and (ii) biologically based approaches including classical pharmacokinetics (PK), physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), and biologically based dose response modeling (BBDR). These approaches will be reviewed briefly to suggest a strategy to develop risk assessment techniques for male mediated developmental toxicity (MMDT). In general, this analysis suggests that statistical approaches which characterize the dose-response relationship are most economically applied to the problem of risk assessment for MMDT.
Does quality of life evidence assist in the selection of patients for resynchronization therapy

Results from clinical trials of cardiac resynchronization therapy with biventricular pacemakers have demonstrated improvements in a variety of clinical parameters measured in patients over short-term follow-up. While not all approved medical therapies for heart failure improve quality of life, biventricular pacemakers offer a substantial opportunity for improving functional status and quality of life in patients with severe symptoms. This paper explores the evidence for routine measures of self-reported functional status and quality life as measures by which physicians might select individuals for resynchronization therapy. Data sources suggest approximately 50% of those individuals eligible for biventricular pacing have reduced quality of life at baseline, and hence, have considerable room for symptomatic improvement after implantation. Since baseline assessment of quality of life further predicts one-year mortality or hospitalization, it is likely that use of self reported quality of life, in addition to other factors as a guide for selection criteria, will result in improved event-free survival with biventricular pacing. In conclusion, assessment of quality of life before device implantation is necessary in order to select those individuals who are most likely to benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy.
THE ETHICS AND SAFETY OF ALCOHOL ADMINISTRATION IN THE EXPERIMENTAL SETTING TO INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE CHRONIC, SEVERE ALCOHOL PROBLEMS

There is a popular belief that the experimental administration of alcohol to individuals who have chronic, severe alcohol problems ('alcoholics') is inherently dangerous or unethical. This creates an environment in which researchers who desire to conduct a study involving the administration of alcohol to persons with severe alcohol problems must defend the relative safety and reasonableness of this practice when, in fact, scientific justification for not using this important methodologic technique in alcohol research is lacking. The primary purpose of this manuscript is to present and discuss the safety, ethical, and practical considerations of research involving administration of alcohol to subjects who have had difficulty refraining from harmful alcohol use in the natural setting. The authors also describe a study in which they monitored the short-term effects of administering 0.4-0.6 g/kg alcohol to 16 recently abstinent subjects who had chronic, severe alcohol problems. This study revealed no evidence that the administration of beverage alcohol in the experimental setting to such individuals causes an uncontrollable desire for more alcohol, precipitates immediate relapse, or creates any behavioral problems. The data also suggested that the knowledge gained from the effects of alcohol ingestion in the experimental setting might help many subjects to understand more completely their addiction or drinking behaviour. It is concluded that there is no overriding reason why alcohol cannot, with due precaution, be safely and ethically administered in the experimental setting to human subjects who suffer from alcohol problems.
When Your Patient Dies

When patients die, a surgeon has a lot to process, his or her own emotions and those of the family grieving. Then there is the business part to the death of a patient that is a sad but true component of what happens when your patient dies. This chapter gives some insight into these topics and some suggestions to proceeding through the process.
Do the Low WHRs and BMIs Judged Most Attractive Indicate Higher Fertility

We examine the widely accepted view that very low waist-hip ratios and low body mass indices (BMIs) in women in well-nourished populations are judged attractive by men because these features reliably indicate superior fertility. In both subsistence and well-nourished populations, relevant studies of fertility do not support this view. Rather studies indicate lower fertility in women with anthropometric values associated with high attractiveness. Moreover, low maternal BMI predisposes to conditions that compromise infant survival. Consistent with these findings from the literature, new data from a large U.S. sample of women past reproductive age show that women with lower BMIs in the late teens had fewer live births, controlling for education, marital history, and race. They also had later menarche and earlier menopause compared with women with higher youth BMIs. In addition, data from the 2013 U.S. natality database show that mothers with lower prepregnancy BMIs have an increased risk of producing both low-birth-weight and preterm infants controlling for other relevant variables-conditions that would have adversely affected fitness over almost all of human evolution. Thus, a review of the relevant literature and three new tests fail to support the view that highly attractive women are more fertile.
Control of calcium ion via chemical precipitation — ultrasonic treatment in selective flocculation

Selective flocculation of iron ores is extremely sensitive to the type and amount of soluble salts in pulp solutions. Chemical precipitation of alkaline earth ions combined with ultrasonic treatment deactivates their adverse effects without using any environmentally ill-defined reagents. The manner in which ultrasonic treatment affects starch adsorption on hematite, dissolution of quartz, and the selective flocculation process was investigated. Selective flocculation tests were conducted in the presence of up to 400 ppm calcium ion on a quartz-hematite mixture by precipitation as calcium carbonate, and the role that silicate ion generated by ultrasonic treatment plays in achieving the selectivity of separation is discussed.
Utilizing deformable image registration to create new living human heart models for imaging simulation

The Living Heart Model (LHM) was developed as part of the Living Heart Project by Dassault Systemes to provide a numerical finite element (FE) model of the human heart that accurately reproduces the normal cardiac physiology. We previously incorporated the LHM into the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom for imaging research, rigidly transforming the model to fit it within different anatomies. This captured the variation in the overall size, position, and orientation of the heart but did not capture more subtle geometrical changes. Anatomic measurements of normal heart structures can show standard deviation variations of upwards of 25-30%. In this work, we investigate the use of Hyperelastic Warping to non-rigidly fit the LHM to new anatomies based on 4D CT data from anatomically diverse, normal patients. For each patient target, the mid-diastolic frame from the CT (heart is most relaxed) was segmented to define the cardiac chambers. The geometry of the LHM was then altered to match the targets using Hyperelastic Warping to register the LHM mesh, in its relaxed state, to each segmented dataset. The altered meshes were imported back into the FE software to simulate cardiac motion from the new geometries to incorporate into the XCAT phantom. By preserving the underlying LHM architecture, our work shows that Hyperelastic Warping allows for efficient revision of the LHM geometry. This method can produce a diverse collection of heart models, with added interior variability, to incorporate into the XCAT phantom to investigate 4D imaging methods used to diagnose and treat cardiac disease.
A Descriptive Study of the Use of Music during Naptime in Louisiana Child Care Centers.

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe the use of recorded music in child care centers during naptime. Using a cross-sectional survey design, administrators and teachers from 62 child car...
Quantifying Information Conveyed by Large Neuronal Populations

Quantifying mutual information between inputs and outputs of a large neural circuit is an important open problem in both machine learning and neuroscience. However, evaluation of the mutual information is known to be generally intractable for large systems due to the exponential growth in the number of terms that need to be evaluated. Here we show how information contained in the responses of large neural populations can be effectively computed provided the input-output functions of individual neurons can be measured and approximated by a logistic function applied to a potentially nonlinear function of the stimulus. Neural responses in this model can remain sensitive to multiple stimulus components. We show that the mutual information in this model can be effectively approximated as a sum of lower-dimensional conditional mutual information terms. The approximations become exact in the limit of large neural populations and for certain conditions on the distribution of receptive fields across the neural population. We empirically find that these approximations continue to work well even when the conditions on the receptive field distributions are not fulfilled. The computing cost for the proposed methods grows linearly in the dimension of the input and compares favorably with other approximations.
Have the Major U.S. Air Carriers Finally Turned the Corner? A Financial Condition Assessment

Rare prior to the deregulation of the airline industry, air carrier bankruptcies became rather endemic in the period 1982-2005. Since 1982, over 175 airlines have filed under the bankruptcy codes. This number includes eight of the carriers that were formerly referred to as “trunk carriers,” now known as “Majors.” Major carriers are defined as those with annual revenues exceeding $1.0 billion. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent performance of these carriers using a statistical model specifically designed to predict the likelihood of financial stress for airlines. The paper will also update past research in this important industry to demonstrate the very precarious nature of profitability. The major reasons for the improvement of the industry’s profitability will be briefly discussed. The analysis will show that the current financial condition of the industry has improved significantly due to increased concentration and the market domination of some carriers, very low fuel costs facing the carriers, and the record low interest rates resulting from the Federal Reserve’s easy monetary policy. the industry may still be fragile or vulnerable to changes in these input factors.
Bacterial content of fortified and unfortified Holder pasteurized donor human milk during prolonged refrigerated storage

Objective: To assess the microbial growth in unfortified and fortified Holder pasteurized donor human milk (HPDHM) during 96 hours of refrigerated storage in a clinical setting. Methods: Thirty-six unfortified samples and 77 fortified samples of HPDHM were prepared in a neonatal intensive care milk preparation room and stored in the NICU refrigerator at 4°C to simulate a real-life feeding environment. One milliliter aliquots were removed at 24-hour intervals and cultured in duplicate for bacterial growth on solid blood agar medium. Viable bacterial colonies were characterized using standard microbiological methods. Results: 96.5% of milk samples manipulated in a vertical laminar flow hood were negative for bacterial growth. In the remainder 3.5% of the samples, the maximum growth was 1 colony forming unit/0.1 ml plated. Higher colony counts were observed when the laminar hood was not used. In all cases, the colonies represented common skin bacteria and demonstrated an inconsistent and unsustained growth. Fortifier status and storage time were not significantly associated with increased bacterial growth (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Unfortified and fortified HPDHM remain largely free of bacterial growth for up to 96 hours of refrigerated storage in NICU settings. Sample handling techniques are important for preventing microbial contamination.