cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MULTIVARIATE ADAPTATION BUT NO INCREASE IN COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN INVASIVE GERANIUM CAROLINIANUM L. (GERANIACEAE)

Adaptive evolution can affect the successful establishment of invasive species, but changes in selective pressures, loss of genetic variation in relevant traits, and/or altered trait correlations can make adaptation difficult to predict. We used a common-garden experiment to assess trait correlations and patterns of adaptation in the invasive plant, Geranium carolinianum, sampled across 20 populations in its native (United States) and invasive (China) ranges. We used multivariate QST - FST tests to determine if phenotypic differences between countries are attributable to adaptation. We also compared population-level variation within each country to assess whether local adaptation resulted in similar multivariate phenotypes in the United States and China. Between countries, most phenotypic differences are indistinguishable from genetic drift, although we detected a signature of adaptation to the colder, drier winters in China. There was no evidence for increases in invasive traits in China. Within countries, strong multivariate adaptation appears to be driven by latitudinal climatic variation in the United States, but not in China. Additionally, adaptive trait combinations as well as their underlying correlations differ between the two countries, indicating that adaptation in invasive populations does not parallel patterns in native populations due to differences in selection pressures, genetic constraints, or both.
Double retrograde atrial response after radiofrequency ablation of typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia.

Double Atrial Response. This case report describes a patient in whom a single ventricular depolarization resulted in a double atrial response and the initiation of atypical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia after successful radiofrequency ablation of typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia using the slow pathway approach. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 4, pp. 695-701,
Analyzing Students’ Perceptions of Their Learning in Online and Hybrid First-Year Composition Courses

This article presents a study of first-year composition (fyc) courses that were taught in both online and hybrid formats in order to determine students’ perceptions on how much they learned in them. The students’ responses to an extensive survey, in which they analyzed their experiences in their courses, point to larger questions about our individual pedagogical assumptions as well as larger issues related to the structures of first-year composition courses and their required status.
High-Frequency Reversion of Geminivirus Replication Protein Mutants during Infection

The geminivirus replication protein AL1 interacts with retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR), a key regulator of the plant division cell cycle, to induce conditions permissive for viral DNA replication. Previous studies of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) AL1 showed that amino acid L148 in the conserved helix 4 motif is critical for RBR binding. In this work, we examined the effect of an L148V mutation on TGMV replication in tobacco cells and during infection of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The L148V mutant replicated 100 times less efficiently than wild-type TGMV in protoplasts but produced severe symptoms that were delayed compared to those of wild-type infection in plants. Analysis of progeny viruses revealed that the L148V mutation reverted at 100% frequency in planta to methionine, leucine, isoleucine, or a second-site mutation depending on the valine codon in the initial DNA sequence. Similar results were seen with another geminivirus, cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV), carrying an L145A mutation in the equivalent residue. Valine was the predominant amino acid recovered from N. benthamiana plants inoculated with the CaLCuV L145A mutant, while threonine was the major residue in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Together, these data demonstrated that there is strong selection for reversion of the TGMV L148V and CaLCuV L145A mutations but that the nature of the selected revertants is influenced by both the viral background and host components. These data also suggested that high mutation rates contribute to the rapid evolution of geminivirus genomes in plants.
Women and expatriate assignments

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is twofold – first, to explore the role of perceived organizational support (POS) during the three critical stages of the female expatriate experience, with a view to explaining the disproportionately low numbers of females in expatriate roles; and second, to offer specific suggestions to multi-national enterprises to help them create a level playing field so females can compete for expatriate assignments. Design/methodology/approach – The authors draw upon the theory of POS to explore how the perceived lack of support from their organization during the critical stages of expatriate assignments affects women’s interest, and potentially their performance, in expatriate assignments. The authors develop and present relevant propositions. Findings – This is a conceptual paper that offers a process model of the impact of POS on the three stages of selection of females for expatriates. Research limitations/implications – From a theoretical perspective it is clear that POS can play an important role in the willingness of females to accept international assignments. Thus POS can be a critical determinant of the potential levels of female participation in expatriate assignments. Previously, scholars have argued that the low numbers of female expatriates may be a result of a lack of interest on their part, or because they may not be welcomed in many countries. However, subsequent theses have argued, and many studies have shown, that females can be equally successful. The proposed process model helps to better understand how organizations might dismantle the barriers faced by potential female expatriates, by addressing the key issues at each stage. Practical implications – Multinational enterprises need to ensure that they are drawing from their full pool of talent, if they are to compete effectively against other multinational enterprises. By paying attention to the suggestions, and adopting and executing the propositions, they will be able to avoid the possibility that their qualified female employees may withdraw from the organization if they believe that they are not likely to be considered for expatriate assignments, simply because of their gender, even though they are interested. Social implications – From a societal perspective, it is indeed critical that qualified females are provided the same opportunities that are made available to males. Given that roughly half the population is female, multi-national enterprises that fail to treat their female employees fairly will be seen as poor corporate citizens. Originality/value – This is the first paper to address the critical issue of low numbers of females on expatriate assignments by drawing upon the tenets of the theory of POS. The authors offer several propositions to help multinational enterprises understand the impact of the gender imbalance in expatriate assignments, and offer suggestions on how organizations might improve the participation of females in expatriate assignments.
Sophorolipid-Derived Unsaturated and Epoxy Fatty Acid Estolides as Plasticizers for Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)

Unsaturated and epoxy fatty acid estolides were synthesized from the ω and ω-1 hydroxy fatty acids derived from sophorolipids (SL). These estolides were utilized as additives in solution-cast poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB) films and their plasticizing effects reported. Estolides in the P3HB film matrix resulted in slight reductions of melting and glass transition temperatures while the crystallinity remained relatively constant (±2.0 %). Scanning electron microscopy revealed irregular film surfaces in the presence of both estolides and the formation of pores within the P3HB film matrix. These irregularities influenced the tensile properties of the films by incrementally decreasing the tensile strength and moduli of the P3HB films and increasing their elongation. Curing the films for 3 months in the presence of estolide triggered an enhanced tensile strength and modulus when compared to the initial films. Irradiation was implemented in an attempt to crosslink the estolides. Results showed that radiation did not result in crosslinking but rather instigated chain scission and reduced the molecular weights by up to 81 % which further reduced the tensile strength, elongation and modulus of the P3HB films. These tensile property variations showed that while the tensile strength of the P3HB films declined in the presence of both estolides, the plasticity and elongation improved validating that these unique SL-derived estolides can be effectively used as plasticizers in P3HB films.
Skeletal lesions in Hodgkin's disease. Review of literature and case reports.

Skeletal lesions in Hodgkin's disease can be due to different underlying causes. Reports on bone changes in Hodgkin's disease are reviewed and compared with two of our patients. The first patients, a fourteen year old girl with Hodgkin's disease, staged IV B, had skeletal involvement at the time of diagnosis. The other patient developed, three and a half years after the onset of the disease, bone lesions which might have been thought to be a manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. But by bacteriologic and histologic studies salmonella osteomyelitis could be proven.
von Willebrand factor is present on the surface of platelets stimulated in plasma by ADP.

von Willebrand factor (vWf) can bind to glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa on activated platelets. The significance of this interaction is unclear, however, because it has not been possible to detect vWf binding to GPIIb/IIIa on platelets stimulated in plasma. We have developed an indirect, flow cytometry assay that uses fluorescein-labeled antibodies to detect vWf and fibrinogen on platelets. Using this assay, we found vWf on the surface of platelets stimulated in plasma by ADP. The number of platelets that bound vWf increased in proportion to ADP concentration and incubation time. Washed platelets in a protein-free buffer activated by 1 mumol/L calcium ionophore A23187 or 10 mumol/L ADP also bound vWf, suggesting that we were detecting surface binding of alpha-granule-derived vWf. Monoclonal antibodies against the vWf binding site on GPIb (6D1) and the vWf and fibrinogen binding sites on GPIIb/IIIa (LJP5 and LJ-CP8, respectively) were used to characterize the mechanism of vWf binding to stimulated platelets. Ristocetin- induced binding of vWf was inhibited by 6D1, and ADP-induced binding of fibrinogen was inhibited by LJ-CP8. None of these antibodies inhibited ADP-induced vWf binding. Aspirin and prostaglandin E1 also inhibited ADP-induced binding of vWf in platelet-rich plasma. During platelet activation in plasma, vWf derived from alpha-granules becomes bound to the platelet surface possibly being transferred already associated with a binding site.
Distributed multipath effects with passive radar

Previously unreported phenomena of distributed target multipath observed with passive radar systems are presented and discussed. Trail-like signatures in the range-Doppler surface are shown from UHF Digital Television passive experimental trials with commercial airliner targets. Simulated results for distributed ground multi-bounce paths demonstrate a high degree of similarity to the empirical observations, validating the cause of this atypical range-Doppler response. Both experimental and simulated results demonstrate the phenomenology which can arise as a result of the multi-bounce distribution, such as Doppler expansion and inversion. Potential methods for exploiting the multipath components to improve radar system performance are also discussed.
A Performance Prediction and Analysis Integrated Framework for SpMV on GPUs

This paper presents unique modeling algorithms of performance prediction for sparse matrix-vector multiplication on GPUs. Based on the algorithms, we develop a framework that is able to predict SpMV kernel performance and to analyze the reported prediction results. We make the following contributions: (1) We provide theoretical basis for the generation of benchmark matrices according to the hardware features of a given specific GPU. (2) Given a sparse matrix, we propose a quantitative method to collect some features representing its matrix settings. (3) We propose four performance modeling algorithms to accurately predict kernel performance for SpMV computing using CSR, ELL, COO, and HYB SpMV kernels. We evaluate the accuracy of our framework with 8 widely-used sparse matrices (totally 32 test cases) on NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPU. In our experiments, the average performance differences between the predicted and measured SpMV kernel execution times for CSR, ELL, COO, and HYB SpMV kernels are 5.1%, 5.3%, 1.7%, and 6.1%, respectively.
CMR Pulse Sequences

This chapter begins with a description of key components of a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) pulse sequence and then builds on the variations of these components that are commonly used in the field. Specifically, it considers common types of magnetization preparation schemes (T1-, T2-weighted, inversion recover and saturation recovery preparations, fat suppression and black-blood preparation) and the general class of base imaging schemes (gradient-recalled, spin-echo based, and steady-state methods) and their variations. The various combinations of the components forming different imaging approaches are compared and contrasted with respect to image characteristics (signal-to-noise ratio, contrast and artifacts) as well as acquisition speed and thermal dose.
Supramolecular Perylene Bisimide-Polysulfide Gel Networks as Nanostructured Redox Mediators in Dissolved Polysulfide Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Here we report a new redox-active perylene bisimide (PBI)-polysulfide (PS) gel that overcomes electronic charge-transport bottlenecks common to lithium–sulfur (Li–S) hybrid redox flow batteries designed for long-duration grid-scale energy storage applications. PBI was identified as a supramolecular redox mediator for soluble lithium polysulfides from a library of 85 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by using a high-throughput computational platform; furthermore, these theoretical predictions were validated electrochemically. Challenging conventional wisdom, we found that π-stacked PBI assemblies were stable even in their reduced state through secondary interactions between PBI nanofibers and Li2Sn, which resulted in a redox-active, flowable 3-D gel network. The influence of supramolecular charge-transporting PBI-PS gel networks on Li–S battery performance was investigated in depth and revealed enhanced sulfur utilization and rate performance (C/4 and C/8) at a sulfur loading of 4 mg cm–2 and energy density...
“We’re Doing It Ourselves”: The Unexpected Origins of New York City’s Public–private Parks during the 1970s Fiscal Crisis

While the privatization of parks has been controversial since the 1980s, the origins of public–private parks in New York City were complex. During the 1970s fiscal crisis, the Parks and Recreation ...
Smart-phone attachable, flow-assisted magnetic focusing device

Detection and sorting of particles and cells in a continuous flow stream is of great importance to downstream biological studies and high-throughput screening. Many particle separation techniques require peripheral devices, complex channel designs or setups that can limit the process and its applications. Here, we present a smart-phone attachable continuous flow magnetic focusing device as an inexpensive and portable tool for reproducible, real-time detection and sorting of particles in high-volume samples based on their volumetric mass density. Diamagnetic particles were suspended in a paramagnetic medium and pumped through a microcapillary located between two permanent magnets. Appropriate flow rate allows each particle to be confined at a vertical equilibrium height. A magnifying lens is placed between the smart-phone camera and capillary to capture images of micro-objects illuminated by an LED. A custom-developed Android application is used for adjusting the focal plane and other imaging parameters, and communicating with a microcontroller to control the pump and LED intensity. The effects of magnet length and flow rate on the particle sorting performance of the setup have been investigated. This device offers a portable, low-cost, digital, and versatile method for identifying, sorting, and quantifying particles on the basis of their volumetric mass densities.
Subspace multiuser receivers for UWB communication systems

In a typical impulse radio ultra-wideband (UWB) communication environment, transmitted signal carries user's information in pulse positions and undergoes fading from a number of propagation paths. A conventional RAKE receiver may explore path diversity for better performance, but is unable to suppress multiple access interference. Multiuser receiver can significantly improve detection performance. However, it requires channel state information. To seek this information, we adopt a channel input/output model that exhibits a structure similar to a code-division multiple access system. In particular, code matrices for each user can be defined from its unique time-hopping sequence. Then subspace technique is applied to estimate each channel after some necessary modification due to particular formats of defined inputs. Subsequently, zero-forcing and minimum mean-square-error receivers are designed, applicable for both uplink and downlink, and different from existing multiuser detection (MUD) methods that assume perfect channel knowledge.
The concept of exposure in environmental health for nursing

Aim To report an analysis of the concept of exposure in environmental health for nursing. Background The importance of the environment has long been recognized in nursing, although the nature and scope of the concept and how it influences health has varied over time. Exposure is the sufficient and necessary link between environment and health. In nursing practice, the word ‘exposure’ has been used frequently with no clear standard definition. Design Concept analysis using Kim's first level analytics. Data sources Chronological review (1980-2015) of the nursing science literature was conducted through ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and CINAHL, followed by a multi-disciplinary search through PubMed (1980-2015), texts and the Internet to compare definitions and measurements of exposure and related concepts. Methods Explicit and implicit conceptual definitions and measurements of exposure were identified, categorized and analyzed. Results The newly defined concept of exposure is a process involves three phases: 1. contact is made between a target and one or more agents in the same environment; 2. the agent accesses the target by one or more routes of entry; and 3. the agent enters the target by crossing a barrier or boundary. Existing measurements related to each phase are identified and discussed. Definitions of target and agent were refined for congruency. Conclusion Consistent use of terms as defined is critical to development of nursing knowledge. These concepts should be incorporated into nursing-related research to evaluate their usefulness to nursing. Alignment of this concept with relevant theories should be critically examined. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Interest Group and Lobbying Research in a Higher Level Context: Two Tests of Integrating Multiple Levels of Analysis:

Scholarship on interest groups and lobbying has become bifurcated between the dominant micro-level research on the choices of individual groups and macro-level research on group-level populations, especially the work of Gray and Lowery, with almost no integration of the two. Failure to integrate levels of analysis, unfortunately, will impede future progress in the subfield. I discuss some of the challenges to integrating research at multiple levels and then propose a solution which I test by re-analyzing two of my micro-level research projects now combined with Gray and Lowery’ macro-level density variable using hierarchical modeling. It turns out that grouping micro-level observations by group interest niches matters in the statistical analysis, though the effects of varying group population density are more subtle.
The Hum Redux [Microwave Surfing]

Reports on efforts to detect and measure humming sounds. An earlier version of this column appeared originally in the October 2016 issue of IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine. systems used by the U.S. Navy based on extremely low frequencies (ELF) and very low frequencies (3–30 kHz). As the latest (theoretical) explanation for the elusive phenomenon, I quoted a 2015 report [3] from the British newspaper The Independent: However, the search for the truth could now be over as researchers claim that microseismic activity from long ocean waves impacting the sea bed is what makes our planet vibrate and produces the droning sound.
Intermittent but not sustained moderate hypoxia elicits long-term facilitation of hypoglossal motor output

Phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) is a form of serotonin-dependent respiratory motor plasticity induced by moderate acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH), but not by moderate acute sustained hypoxia (ASH) of similar cumulative duration. Thus, moderate AIH-induced pLTF is sensitive to the pattern of hypoxia. On the other hand, pLTF induced by severe AIH protocols is neither pattern sensitive nor serotonin dependent (it converts to an adenosine-dependent mechanism). Although moderate AIH also induces hypoglossal LTF (hLTF), no data are available concerning its sensitivity/insensitivity to the pattern of hypoxia. Since hLTF following moderate hypoxia is serotonin-dependent, we hypothesized that hLTF is pattern-sensitive, similar to serotonin-dependent pLTF. Integrated hypoglossal nerve activity was recorded in urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated rats exposed to isocapnic AIH (3, 5min episodes of 11% O2) or ASH (a single 25min episode of 11% O2). Similar to previous studies of pLTF, hypoglossal motor output was elevated for more than 1h following AIH (50±20%, p 0.05). Frequency LTF was not observed following either hypoxic exposure. Thus, in agreement with our hypothesis, hypoglossal LTF following moderate AIH is pattern-sensitive, similar to phrenic LTF.
The Association Between Sustained Poor Quality of Life and Future Opioid Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with poor quality of life and disability. The short inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (SIBDQ) is validated to determine patients quality of life at single time points, or improvement over time. Few studies have evaluated if sustained poor quality of life is associated with future healthcare utilization patterns. Methods We analyzed patients from a prospective IBD natural history registry with 4 consecutive years of follow-up. SIBDQ was measured at outpatient visits. Healthcare utilization data were temporally organized into a 2-year observation period, and 2-year follow-up period. Mean SIBDQ score <50 during the first 2 years was categorized as having "poor quality of life". Primary outcomes of interest were measures of unplanned healthcare utilization and opioid use. Results From a total of 447 participants (56.1% female, 66.1% Crohn's disease, 34.9% ulcerative colitis), 215 (48.1%) were classified as having poor quality of life. Poor quality of life was significantly associated with Crohn's disease (P < 0.01), history of IBD related surgery, and tobacco use (all P < 0.01). In the follow-up period, the same patients with poor quality of life were more likely to have abnormal biomarkers of inflammation, more telephone calls and office visits, experience unplanned care, and be exposed to opiates (all P < 0.05). After multivariable analysis, poor quality of life remained an independent predictor of future opiate use (odds ratio: 2.2, P = 0.003) and decreased time to first opiate prescription (hazard ratio: 1.67, P = 0.019) in the follow-up period. Conclusions IBD patients with sustained poor quality of life are at an increased risk of opiate use and decreased time to opiate exposure. Routine measurement of quality of life in the outpatient setting may provide insight into those at risk for narcotic use and healthcare utilization. 10.1093/ibd/izy040_video1izy040.video25791709872001.
The Learning Disorders of Adolescence: Organic and Nonorganic Failure to Strive

As students proceed through late elementary and junior high school, academic demands change drastically. The altered requirements may give rise to seemingly new learning disorders or may aggravate or modify a preexisting recognized dysfunction. This article discusses common areas of disability in this age group, developmental complications, and academic performance delays, and presents guidelines for assessment and management
Therabot-an Adaptive Therapeutic Support Robot

Mental health disorders are a prominent problem across the world. An effective treatment has been the use of animal-assisted therapy; however not everyone can interact with and/or care for a live animal. Therabot™ has been developed as an assistive robot to provide therapeutic support at home and in the counseling setting. Therabot ™ is designed as a stuffed robotic dog and has adaptive touch sensing to allow for improved human-robot interactions. Through its touch sensing, it will determine if the level of stress of its users is increasing and adapt to provide support during therapy sessions and for home therapy practice. Over time, Therabot ™ is expected to learn the preferences of its user and adapt its behaviors.
Impedance Matching Metamaterials Composed of ELC and NB-SRR

Electric-LC (ELC) resonator couples strongly to a uniform electric field and negligibly to a uniform magnetic field. In contrast, non-bianisotropic split ring resonator (NB-SRR) couples strongly to a uniform magnetic field and negligibly to a uniform electric field. The unit cell consists of ELC and NB-SRR can generate the strong response from both electric and magnetic field. By optimizing the parameters of ELC and NB-SRR, we seek to find a design which can achieve impedance matching to free space and customized refractive index. The concept of designing impedance matching metamaterials with relatively high refractive index may prove useful in creating magneto-dielectric material for use as the substrate in antenna applications.
Diversity and Longitudinal Patterns of Stoneflies (Plecoptera) in a Southwestern Missouri Ozark Stream

Abstract Plecoptera species are documented from 6 longitudinal sites over a 10-year period 2002 - 2012 in a southwestern Missouri Ozark stream, including a Missouri Department of Natural Resources reference reach. Benthos, light trapping, net, and hand collections were used to capture Plecoptera every month of the year with highest sampling Nov - Jun. We collected 5,645 individuals representing 7 families, 17 genera, and 29 species including 4 confirmed species of Capniidae (38% of total), 3 Leuctridae (29%), 2 Taeniopterygidae (1.2%), 1 Nemouridae (0.81%), 3 Chloroperlidae (0.95%), 12 Perlidae (27%), and 5 Perlodidae (3.1%). Allocapnia rickeri, followed by Zealeuctra claasseni, Agnetina capitata, Acroneuria frisoni, and Perlesta decipiens were the most commonly collected species. An expected longitudinal downstream gradient of increasing Plecoptera richness was apparent, ranging from 9 species collected in stream headwaters to 21 species at the most downstream site. Identifiable richness throughout the w...
Genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors illuminate kinase signaling in cancer

Protein kinase signaling networks stringently regulate cellular processes, such as proliferation, motility, and cell survival. These networks are also central to the evolution and progression of cancer. Accordingly, genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors capable of directly illuminating the spatiotemporal dynamics of kinase signaling in live cells are being increasingly used to investigate kinase signaling in cancer cells and tumor tissue sections. These biosensors enable visualization of biological processes and events directly in situ, preserving the native biological context and providing detailed insight into their localization and dynamics in cells. Herein, we first review common design strategies for kinase activity biosensors, including signaling targets, biosensor components, and fluorescent proteins involved. Subsequently, we discuss applications of biosensors to study the biology and management of cancer. These versatile molecular tools have been deployed to study oncogenic kinase signaling in living cells and image kinase activities in tumors or to decipher the mechanisms of anticancer drugs. We anticipate that the diversity and precision of genetically encoded biosensors will expand their use to further unravel the dysregulation of kinase signaling in cancer and the modes of actions of cancer-targeting drugs.
‘Religion Is Like Tofu, It Takes on the Flavour of Whatever It’s Cooked In’: Religious Citizenship and Pluralism Shaping Lived Religion Within an American Women’s Mosque

Some Muslim women have directly challenged male religious authority by leading women-only or even mixed-gender prayer (Hammer 2011). They include, for example, Shamima Shaikh, who led prayer in South Africa in 1995, Amina Wadud (USA, 2005 and beyond), Raheel Raza (UK, 2010) and Jamida Beevi (India, 2018).
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Medication Use of Obese Versus Nonobese Children Admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Few studies have compared clinical outcomes and medication use between obese and nonobese children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Objectives: The primary objective was to ...
Environmental Drivers of Variation in Labial Teeth Number in Ascaphus Tadpoles

Anuran tadpoles exhibit extraordinary diversity in mouthpart morphology, reflecting phylogenetic relationships, life history specializations, and ecological adaptations. In this study, we investigate patterns and potential environmental drivers of variation in labial teeth counts across and within the coastal tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) and the Rocky Mountain tailed frog (A. montanus), which together constitute the basal frog family Ascaphidae. Tailed frogs occupy cold, fast-flowing, high gradient streams in mesic forests of western North America, with differences in environmental conditions that reflect their coastal and continental distributions. Despite a very strong relationship between the number of labial teeth and developmental (Gosner) stage, we found significant relationships between tooth counts and site-specific environmental predictors after controlling for stage. The most important environmental predictor varied between the species, with percent canopy cover for A. truei and average benthic substrate size for A. montanus. There were also differences in the overall tooth counts between species, with A. truei having more teeth in all rows compared to A. montanus. These findings demonstrate that differences in oral morphology in response to local environmental conditions can override the homogenizing effects of gene flow in both Ascaphus species, likely through a combination of local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Follow-up investigations should include the assessment of community level variability across sites, and experimental tests to confirm functional relationships between environmental variation and oral morphology, in addition to partitioning genetic from plastic mechanisms.
Kounis Syndrome Leading to Cardiac Arrest After Iodinated Contrast Exposure

Abstract Immune-mediated coronary spasm, called Kounis syndrome (KS), is not rare but is underdiagnosed. In this report, we present a case of KS induced by iodinated contrast resulting in cardiac a...
Operating in a Multisensory Context: Assessing the Interplay Between Multisensory Reaction Time Facilitation and Inter-sensory Task-switching Effects.

Abstract Individuals respond faster to presentations of bisensory stimuli (e.g. audio-visual targets) than to presentations of either unisensory constituent in isolation (i.e. to the auditory-alone or visual-alone components of an audio-visual stimulus). This well-established multisensory speeding effect, termed the redundant signals effect (RSE), is not predicted by simple linear summation of the unisensory response time probability distributions. Rather, the speeding is typically faster than this prediction, leading researchers to ascribe the RSE to a so-called co-activation account. According to this account, multisensory neural processing occurs whereby the unisensory inputs are integrated to produce more effective sensory-motor activation. However, the typical paradigm used to test for RSE involves random sequencing of unisensory and bisensory inputs in a mixed design, raising the possibility of an alternate attention-switching account. This intermixed design requires participants to switch between sensory modalities on many task trials (e.g. from responding to a visual stimulus to an auditory stimulus). Here we show that much, if not all, of the RSE under this paradigm can be attributed to slowing of reaction times to unisensory stimuli resulting from modality switching, and is not in fact due to speeding of responses to AV stimuli. As such, the present data do not support a co-activation account, but rather suggest that switching and mixing costs akin to those observed during classic task-switching paradigms account for the observed RSE.
Risk of connective tissue disease, morphoea and systemic vasculitis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been associated with auto-inflammatory conditions, yet the risk of developing connective tissue disease (CTD), morphoea and systemic vasculitis has not been well-characterized. Objectives We sought to evaluate the risk of developing CTD, morphoea and systemic vasculitis in patients with HS. Methods Using claims data, we identified patients with HS and used 2 : 1 risk-set sampling to identify patients without HS. Patients with existing CTD were excluded. Patient follow-up lasted until first occurrence of the following events: the occurrence of outcome (i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus, morphoea, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren's Syndrome and systemic vasculitis), death, disenrolment or end of data stream. Hazard ratios (HR) of developing CTD, morphoea and systemic vasculitis were computed after 1 : 1 propensity score (PS) matching. Results After 2 : 1 risk-set sampling, we identified 78 122 HS patients and 156 247 non-HS comparators. The mean follow-up was 540 days. After PS matching, HS patients had an increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus HR = 1.63 (1.31-2.03) and morphoea HR = 2.02 (1.32-3.11), compared to non-HS patients. We did not observe an increased risk for systemic sclerosis HR = 0.90 (0.59-1.44), Sjogren's Syndrome HR = 0.91 (0.73-1.14) or systemic vasculitis HR = 0.87 (0.64-1.20). Conclusion In this population-based study, we observed an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematous and morphoea subsequent to a first-recorded diagnosis of hidradenitis suppurativa.
Foliar and Tuber Symptoms of U.S. Potato Varieties to Multiple Strains and Isolates of Potato virus Y

Potato virus Y (PVY) causes both foliar and necrotic tuber symptoms in a wide range of varieties. Knowledge of these symptoms in specific varieties will help managers determine the best course of action when plants are infected with PVY. Multiple isolates of PVY from five strains of PVY were used to infect potato varieties. Five market classes were represented and an overall total of sixty-seven potato varieties were used. Visual foliar ratings showed the most severe symptoms were associated with strain PVYO and the mildest symptoms were associated with PVYN:O. Tuber symptoms were not present in the red market class but were present and accounted for 38% of the symptoms in the chip class, 29% in the russet class, and 58% in the specialty/white class. Necrotic tuber symptoms were produced by some isolates in some cultivars in all five PVY strains O, NTN, N:O, Nwi, NE-11.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients in a Predominantly African-American Population.

Background End-stage kidney disease patients on dialysis are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection due to comorbidities, age, and logistic constraints of dialysis making social distancing difficult. We describe our experience with hospitalized dialysis patients with COVID-19 and factors associated with mortality. Methods From March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020, all dialysis patients admitted to 4 Emory Hospitals and tested for COVID-19 were identified. Sociodemographic information and clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the medical record. Death was defined as an in-hospital death or transfer to hospice for end-of-life care. Patients were followed until discharge or death. Results Sixty-four dialysis patients with COVID-19 were identified. Eighty-four percent were African-American. The median age was 64 years, and 59% were males. Four patients were on peritoneal dialysis, and 60 were on hemodialysis for a median time of 3.8 years, while 31% were obese. Fever (72%), cough (61%), and diarrhea (22%) were the most common symptoms at presentation. Thirty-three percent required admission to intensive care unit, and 23% required mechanical ventilation. The median length of stay was 10 days, while 11 patients (17%) died during hospitalization and 17% were discharged to a temporary rehabilitation facility. Age >65 years (RR 13.7, CI: 1.9-100.7), C-reactive protein >100 mg/dL (RR 8.3, CI: 1.1-60.4), peak D-dimer >3,000 ng/mL (RR 4.3, CI: 1.03-18.2), bilirubin >1 mg/dL (RR 3.9, CI: 1.5-10.4), and history of peripheral vascular disease (RR 3.2, CI: 1.2-9.1) were associated with mortality. Dialysis COVID-19-infected patients were more likely to develop thromboembolic complications than those without COVID-19 (RR 3.7, CI: 1.3-10.1). Conclusion In a predominantly African-American population, the mortality of end-stage kidney disease patients admitted with COVID-19 infection was 17%. Age, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, bilirubin, and history of peripheral vascular disease were associated with worse survival.
Mangrove roots model suggest an optimal porosity to prevent erosion.

Mangrove swamps are extremely productive ecosystems providing many ecological services in coastal regions. The hydrodynamic interactions of mangrove roots and water flow have been proposed as a key element to mitigate erosion. Several studies reveal that precise prediction of the morphological evolution of coastal areas, in the face of global warming and the consequent sea-level rise, requires an understanding of interactions between root porosity (the fraction of the volume of void space over the total volume), water flows, and sediment transport. Water flows around the mangrove prop roots create a complex energetic process that mixes up sediments and generates a depositional region posterior to the roots. In this work, we investigated the boundary layer behind permeable arrays of cylinders (patch) that represent the mangrove roots to explore the impact of patch porosity on the onset of sediment transport. The flow measurements were performed in a vertical plane along the water depth downstream of the mangrove root models. A high-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was used in a flume to observe the impact of porosity on the mean flow, velocity derivatives, skin friction coefficient, and production of turbulent kinetic energy for Reynolds number of 2500 (based on patch diameter length-scale). Here, we proposed a predictive model for critical velocity for incipient motion that takes into account the mangrove roots porosity and the near-bed turbulence effect. It is found that the patch with the $$\phi =47\%$$ porosity, has the maximum critical velocity over which the sediment transport initiates. We found the optimum porosity has the minimum sediment erosion and creates negative vorticity sources near the bed that increases the critical velocity. This signifies an optimum porosity for the onset of sediment transport consistent with the porosity of mangroves in nature. The phenomenological model is elucidated based on an analysis of the vorticity evolution equation for viscous incompressible flows. For the optimum porous patch, a sink of vorticity was formed which yielded to lower the near-bed turbulence and vorticity. The minimum velocity fluctuations were sufficient to initiate the boundary layer transition, however, the viscous dissipation dominated the turbulence production to obstruct the sediment transport. This work identified the pivotal role of mangrove root porosity in sediment transport in terms of velocity and its derivatives in wall-bounded flows. Our work also provides insight into the sediment transport and erosion processes that govern the evolution of the shapes of shorelines.
Pediatric siblings of children with special health care needs: Well-being outcomes and the role of family resilience

Using data from the 2018 National Survey for Children’s Health , this study examined relationships between several adaptive psychological and psychosocial factors among siblings of children with sp...
Examination of social smoking classifications using a machine learning approach

Abstract Introduction Idiosyncratic definitions of social smoking proliferate in the literature, making cross-study comparison challenging. This project investigated and differentiated four distinct classifications of social smoking using traditional modeling techniques as well as a multilayer perceptron artificial network, a novel machine learning approach suited for heterogeneous, multidimensional data. Methods One hundred thirty-three adults recruited from a college in the Pacific Northwest and from Amazon Mechanical Turk, age 18 to 25 (48% men; 37% women; 8% nonbinary; 73% white; 24% Hispanic or Latinx), completed a set of self-report measures assessing common variables associated with cigarette use. Participants also completed a well-validated audio simulation (Smoking-Simulated Intoxication Digital Elicitation) depicting social smoking contexts and reported their willingness to use cigarettes or alcohol in these contexts. Results Across three of the four social smoking definitions, social smokers consistently scored lower on measures of dependence, frequency, quantity, willingness to smoke, and all use motives than nonsocial smokers. The area under the curve for all four models ranged from excellent to outstanding discrimination within the training set. Frequency of days smoked in the past month was the most important predictor for three of the classification models with a relative importance of 100%. Conclusion The social smoking definitions demonstrated great variability across common cigarette use variables between groups, except for one. The machine learning approach successfully differentiated all four classifications. Recommendations are made for which social smoker classifications to use in subsequent research to maximize appropriate endorsement by the target population.
q-Gamma and q-Beta Functions

Being related to solutions of special types of differential equations, many important functions in analysis are defined in terms of definite integrals.
Immunological Reactivity of Antisera Prepared Against the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Treated Structural Polypeptides of Adenovirus-Associated Virus

The preparation of antisera to the three purified sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-treated polypeptide components (VP1, VP2, VP3) of adenovirus-associated virus (AAV) type 3H is described. In immunofluorescence tests (FA), these antisera stained heat-stable antigens with distinct morphologies in cells co-infected with either adenovirus or herpes simplex virus. Kinetic studies of antigen formation showed that VP1 antiserum first stained the cytoplasm (14 hr) and later (by 18 hr) stained both cytoplasmic and intranuclear areas. VP2 antiserum stained only discrete intranuclear areas, and VP3 antiserum stained nearly the entire nucleus. All three VP antigens appeared at about the 14th hr postinfection, about 2 hr prior to the appearance of whole virion antigen. The VP antisera cross-reacted in FA with AAV types 1 and 2 (all at one-eighth of the homologous titer), but did not react with other parvoviruses, i.e., rat virus, hemadsorbing enteric virus of calves, minute virus of mice, or H-1 virus. These non-neutralizing antisera reacted specifically with SDS-treated AAV virion antigens in complement fixation and immunodiffusion tests, and antiserum prepared against SDS-treated helper adenovirus structural polypeptides reacted with adenovirus polypeptide antigens. All antisera to SDS-treated polypeptides were specific for new antigens revealed on the dissociated peptides and did not react with whole virions, whereas whole-virion antisera did not cross-react with the polypeptide antigens. These findings suggest that antigens unique to the polypeptides of AAV are revealed by SDS treatment and that these antigens can be detected in cells prior to the folding of the polypeptides into the molecular configuration they possess as virion subunits. These results also indicate that at least one AAV polypeptide component is synthesized in the cell cytoplasm.
The Decay of “Mesotrons” (1939–1943), Experimental Particle Physics in the Age of Innocence

An account is given of the experimental work carried out by the author and his associates during the years 1939 through 1943, which produced the first unambiguous evidence of the spontaneous decay of “mesotrons,” showed that this decay occurred according to an exponential law, as expected, and measured the mean life with a 3% accuracy. A by product of this work was a verification of the relativistic equation for the dilation of time intervals.
USE OF INSTRUMENTED DYNAMIC CONE PENETROMETER IN PAVEMENT CHARACTERIZATION

The dynamic cone penetrometer data has been conventionally used for estimating the base and subgrade California bearing ratio. In recent years, a need for developing mechanistic pavement designs procedures has been emphasized. However, to develop mechanistic pavement design procedures, measuring engineering properties of parameter layers is essential. Two modifications to the existing dynamic cone penetrometer have been proposed in this paper for obtaining engineering properties of pavement layers. First, an ordinary dynamic cone penetrometer was instrumented with a load cell and an accelerometer to determine the energy imparted to the ground, the resistance to the penetration, and the penetration of the device into the base and subgrade. A second device consisting of a three-dimensional accelerometer embedded in a DCP-like rod was developed to measure modulus and Poisson's ratio of the base and subgrade layers. This device can be placed in the same hole drilled for the first device, thus requiring minimum coring.