cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A marching cubes based failure surface propagation concept for three‐dimensional finite elements with non‐planar embedded strong discontinuities of higher‐order kinematics

SUMMARY This paper presents an advanced failure surface propagation concept based on the marching cubes algorithm initially proposed in the field of computer graphics and applies it to the embedded finite element method. When modeling three-dimensional (3D) solids at failure, the propagation of the failure surface representing a crack or shear band should not exhibit a strong sensitivity to the details of the finite element discretization. This results in the need for a propagation of the discrete failure zone through the individual finite elements, which is possible for finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities. Whereas for two-dimensional calculations the failure zone propagation location is easily predicted by the maximal principal stress direction, more advanced strategies are needed to achieve a smooth failure surface in 3D simulations. An example for such method is the global tracking algorithm, which predicts the crack path by a scalar level set function computed on the basis of the solution of a simplified heat conduction like problem. Its prediction may though lead to various scenarios on how the failure surface may propagate through the individual finite elements. In particular, for a hexahedral eight-node finite element, 256 such cases exist. To capture all those possibilities, the marching cubes algorithm is combined with the global tracking algorithm and the finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities in this work. In addition, because many of the possible cases result in non-planar failure surfaces within a single finite element and because the local quantities used to describe the kinematics of the embedded strong discontinuities are physically meaningful in a strict sense only for planar failure surfaces, a remedy for such scenarios is proposed. Various 3D failure propagation simulations outline the performance of the proposed concept. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microtubule plus end-associated CLIP-170 initiates HSV-1 retrograde transport in primary human cells.

Dynamic microtubules (MTs) continuously explore the intracellular environment and, through specialized plus end–tracking proteins (+TIPs), engage a variety of targets. However, the nature of cargoes that require +TIP-mediated capture for their movement on MTs remains poorly understood. Using RNA interference and dominant-negative approaches, combined with live cell imaging, we show that herpes simplex virus particles that have entered primary human cells exploit a +TIP complex comprising end-binding protein 1 (EB1), cytoplasmic linker protein 170 (CLIP-170), and dynactin-1 (DCTN1) to initiate retrograde transport. Depletion of these +TIPs completely blocked post-entry long-range transport of virus particles and suppressed infection ∼5,000-fold, whereas transferrin uptake, early endosome organization, and dynein-dependent movement of lysosomes and mitochondria remained unaffected. These findings provide the first insights into the earliest stages of viral engagement of MTs through specific +TIPs, akin to receptors, with therapeutic implications, and identify herpesvirus particles as one of a very limited number of cargoes absolutely dependent on CLIP-170–mediated capture to initiate transport in primary human cells.
A New Approach to Model Axial Fans in Commercial CFD Tools

Most commercial CFD tools use fan curves to represent a fan. However, the presence of a blockage near inlet or exhaust of a fan and a restricted airflow direction will alter the fan performance, and the use of the original fan curve may result in erroneous results in these cases. A new approach to model fans will be presented in this paper. Using conservation of mass, momentum and energy, and the velocity triangles, this model relates velocity and pressure at fan exhaust to the corresponding values at fan inlet as well as fan geometry, rotational speed and fan blade lift and drag coefficients.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Fuzzy ideals of artinian rings

Abstract The object of this paper is to study fuzzy ideals over Artinian rings. Among others we prove that a ring with unity is left (right) Artinian if and only if every fuzzy left (right) ideal μ of R is finite valued. This gives a characterization of artinian rings in terms of fuzzy ideals. Mukherjee and Sen (1987) proved that if every fuzzy ideal of a ring with unity is finite valued then the ring is Noetherian. We give an example to show that the converse of this theorem is not true. We also show that certain results of Pan (1987) are not true.
Authority, Efficiency, and Agricultural Organization in Medieval England and Beyond: A Hypothesis

Recent accounts of medieval agricultural organization begin not with a description of “the” manor but with a warning that no single archetype may be considered appropriate. From place to place, from generation to generation, a property might be exploited as a single unit, divided between tenancies and demesne, or wholly partitioned into tenancies; and the land would be worked by a correspondingly varied mixture of “employees” and independent labor. This complex historical record is still far from being explained by a suitable model. In the secondary sources, the varying size of the demesne is most frequently attributed to changes in relative prices: the demesne is buoyant, it is argued, when output prices are high and wages low; when prices fall and wages rise, rents become more attractive and the demesne is parcelled out. The difficulty with this explanation, however, is that rents are not independent of output prices and wages: in simple economic theory, rent so adjusts to prices and wages as to always equal the surplus that could be earned by direct exploitation, and the proportion of tenant land on an estate is a matter of indifference. This does not of course mean that it was so in fact; it does mean, however, that one must carefully specify which of the many considerations neglected by that simple theory are in fact critical to the problem at hand.
Durable goods monopoly and quality choice

Abstract A simple two-period durable goods monopoly model with quality choice is examined. It is shown that a seller tends to offer durable output with a lower quality than a renter who in turn offers lower quality than the socially efficient level. These results are contrasted to earlier works on durability and quality. It is shown that the impact of product durability on the optimal quality chosen depends critically upon the interrelationship between durability and quality costs at the margin and quality's impact on the durable goods stream of service flows.
Steroid derivatives of purine-6(1H)-thione (1a-c)

The products obtained as a result of the alkylation of purine-6(1H)-thione, and 6-alkylthiopurines with steroidal-21-(p-bromobenzenesullonates) (H) and 3-methoxy-16α-bromoestra-1,3,5 (10)-tricne-17-one (IV) is reported. The ratio of 9-alkylated to 7-alkylated purine in the alkylation of 6-methylthiopurine (VI) is presented. The use of the S-diphenylmethylprotecling group in the syntheses of sensitive 9-steroidal-9H-purine-6(1H)-thiones is discussed.
Unsteady state flux response: a method to determine the nature of the solute and gel layer in membrane filtration

Abstract The unsteady-state permeate flux response to a step change in transmembrane pressure is shown to result in unique flux–pressure profiles for the three types of solutes common in membrane ultrafiltration (UF): (a) solutes which exert an osmotic pressure but do not form a ‘gel’; (b) solutes which do not exert an osmotic pressure but form a ‘gel’ and (c) solutes which exert an osmotic pressure and also form a ‘gel’. It is also shown that for stirred cell UF, changes in the bulk feed solution properties (concentration, volume) are negligible on the time scale needed to attain a stable permeate flux. Unsteady-state permeate flux measurements could therefore be made at short filtration times so that the results would not be masked by changes in bulk properties.
Aphanomyces Root Rot on Sugar Beet

This diagositc guide is on Aphanomyces Root Rot on Sugar Beet, by Aphanomyces cochlioides Drechs.
Effects of anticonvulsants on veratridine- and KCl-evoked glutamate release from rat cortical synaptosomes.

Abstract We compared the effects of three conventional (phenytoin, carbamazepine and phenobarbital) and three novel (BW 1003C87, lamotrigine and riluzole) anticonvulsants on evoked glutamate release from rat cortical synaptosomes. Glutamate release was evoked by either 20 μM veratridine (which requires both Na+ and Ca2+ channel activation) or 30 mM KCl (which requires Ca2+ channel, but not Na+ channel, activation) to assess the involvement of Na+ and/or Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic actions of these anticonvulsants. All six compounds inhibited veratridine-evoked glutamate release; BW 1003C87 (IC50=2.0 μM) was the most potent and phenobarbital (IC50=3.2 mM) was the least potent inhibitor. Only phenobarbital (IC50=6.4 mM), riluzole (IC50>50 μM) and phenytoin (IC50>800 μM) significantly inhibited KCl-evoked glutamate release. These results suggest that therapeutic concentrations of BW 1003C87, lamotrigine, phenytoin, carbamazepine and riluzole, but not phenobarbital, inhibit synaptic glutamate release by preferentially blocking presynaptic Na+ channels. Presynaptic Na+ channel blockade with inhibition of the release of glutamate, and possibly other transmitters, may contribute to their anticonvulsant and/or neuroprotective effects.
Relativity and the status of becoming

The merging of space and time proposed by Minkowski in 1908 is still sometimes misinterpreted as a sort of four-dimensional hyperspace of which time is the fourth dimension, analogous to the other, spatial dimensions. An inevitable consequence of this view is that the future events somehow exist prior to, and independently of, human awareness and that what we call “becoming” is “merely a coming into our awareness” (A. Grunbaum). However, an attentive inspection of the space-time diagram and of Minkowski's formula for the constancy of the world interval shows that the events contained in the absolute future of any frame of reference areintrinsically unobservable not only within this system, but also by any other conceivable observer: consequently, there is no reason to postulate their existence.
Constitution and allergic manifestations

s INCE t’ime immemorial men have sought a relationship between constitution and disease. Of recent years the interest in the subject has been renewed, particularly by the pathologists and the internists. It is now thought that some of our problems of immunity may have their solution in the recognition of various constitutions. Petersen1 defines the term “constitution” as embracing “not only the quality of protoplasm in its form and structure, but the functional status as made apparent in physiological and pathological reactivity-in adaptability to change in environment-in modifications produced by season, climate, diet, a,ge, endogenous and exogenous irritants, disease, physical and mental trauma, and the ever varying forces of the universe of which the individual is a part. ” The study of constitution in its relationship to allergic manifestations has been undertaken as one of our major problems, and I present a preliminary report on one phase of this subject; the age-sex incidence in 1,786 allergic individuals, where careful histories were obtainable.
Electrochemical Investigations of Alkaline Cleavage of Lignin Under Mild Conditions

At pH 8-12 and 25 °C, 10-20% of lignin undergoes cleavage producing soluble species. In suspensions of lignin it is possible to follow the concentration changes of hydroxybenzaldehydes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. These species can be determined by the recording of polarographic current-voltage curves directly in the suspensions, where the presence of suspended and colloidal particles does not interfere with the function of the DME. The base-catalyzed cleavage follows first-order kinetics. The pH dependence indicates that the rate determining step is not a nucleophilic attack by OH-, rather the rate determining step is preceded by a rapidly established acid-base equilibrium. The cleavage of natural lignins obtained enzymatically follows a pattern similar to that of rot wood lignins and surprisingly also to that of kraft lignins. The patterns of cleavages are different from those of lignosulfonates, Klason, periodate and expansion lignin. The three dimensional (tertiary) structure of lignin seems to play a role in its reactivity.
Some factors affecting the rate of percolation on water‐spreading areas

There are four general methods of spreading water for storage, namely, (1) the basin-method, (2) the ditch-method, (3) flooding of undisturbed lands, and (4) delivery of water directly to the underground storage by means of wells, shafts, or tunnels. Each of these has its merits, and specific conditions govern its use. They are often used in combination with one another, and it is not uncommon to find all four methods utilized in a single system. As with other engineering work, local conditions must be considered in selecting the most suitable method.
Design and development of a fully 3D dedicated x-ray computed mammotomography system

Our effort to implement a volumetric x-ray computed mammotomography (CmT) system dedicated to imaging breast disease comprises: demonstrated development of a quasi-monochromatic x-ray beam providing minimal dose and other optimal imaging figures of merit; new development of a compact, variable field-of-view, fully-3D acquisition gantry with a digital flat-panel detector facilitating more nearly complete sampling of frequency space and the physical breast volume; incorporation of iterative ordered-subsets transmission (OSTR) image reconstruction allowing modeling of the system matrix. Here, we describe the prototype 3D gantry and demonstrate initial system performance. Data collected on the prototype gantry demonstrate the feasibility of using OSTR with realistic reconstruction times. The gantry consists of a rotating W-anode x-ray tube using ultra-thick K-edge filtration, and an ~20x25cm2 digital flat-panel detector located at <60cm SID. This source/detector combination can be shifted laterally changing the location of the central ray relative to the system center-of-rotation, hence changing the effective imaging field-of-view, and is mounted on a goniometric cradle allowing <50° polar tilt, then on a 360° azimuthal rotation stage. Combined, these stages provide for positioning flexibility in a banded region about a sphere, facilitating simple circle-plus-arc-like trajectories, as well as considerably more complex 3D trajectories. Complex orbits are necessary to avoid physical hindrances from the patient while acquiring the largest imaging volume of the breast. The system capabilities are demonstrated with fully-3D reconstructed images of geometric sampling and resolution phantoms, a fabricated breast phantom containing internal features of interest, and a cadaveric breast specimen. This compact prototype provides flexibility in dedicated, fully-3D CmT imaging of healthy and diseased breasts.
Smoking in China: Can or should China kick the habit?

Article history: Received 25 April 2014 Accepted 5 May 2014 Available online 9 May 2014 trol interventions in China may need to de-normalize the practice of giving cigarettes as gifts in order to decrease the social acceptability of smoking. In spite of health hazard warnings on the cigarette packs as required by the Ministry of Health [16] and incontrovertible evidence that cigarette smoking is a major cause of death in China [17], a direct
Wave-packet aspects of high-momentum strongly absorbing nuclear reactions

Properties of the wave function associated with a simple parametrized expression for the transfer amplitude are discussed. Near the nuclear surface the wave function is localized in angle, but is not appreciably localized in radius. These results seem to contradict descriptions of reactions in terms of classical trajectories.
Electrocortical recruiting responses during classical conditioning

Abstract The relationship between cortical recruiting responses (RRs) and arousal level was investigated using three cats trained in a classical conditioning situation. A complex schedule of 8/sec thalamic stimulation (eliciting RRs) was superimposed upon an aversive, differential discrimination paradigm to assess the effects of presentation of a novel and conditioned stimulus (CS) and differential stimulus (DS) upon RRs. ECoGs were recorded on trials unaccompanied by thalamic stimulation. RRs were depressed initially during presentation of the CS when it provoked orientation as a novel stimulus, the effect habituating with continued CS presentation. These depressive effects were reinstated by pairing the CS with shock, but only after the CS produced a conditioned response (CR). Attenuation of RRs consisted of slight or severe delay of amplitude growth with or without the final attainment of control peak amplitudes, or complete blockade. The DS initially also caused depression of RRs, even when this stimulus no longer evoked CRs. Attenuation of RRs by the DS was abolished by increasing the interval between stimulus (CS or DS) onset and subsequent recruiting stimulation from 0.7 to 1.4 sec; the CS continued to disrupt recruiting. ECoGs during non-recruiting trials appeared to be less sensitive indices of behavioral arousal than RR development and amplitude.
The interaction of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Abstract 1. Following cold acclimation, adult deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) were anesthetized and treated with the β-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, at an ambient temperature of 25°C in order to determine whether shivering substitutes for non-shivering thermogenesis. Oxygen consumption, muscular activity and rectal temperature were measured. 2. Following propranolol administration at 25°C, only 3 of 10 animals shivered; and, of those, only one increased metabolism significantly. All treated animals showed a fall in rectal temperature (mean of about 3°C) compared to sham preparations. 3. Experiments performed at 16°C showed that the mice can shiver following β-adrenergic blockade. 4. These results show that shivering thermogenesis does not substitute for non-shivering thermogenesis at 25°C and suggest that a lower threshold temperature is necessary to induce shivering than non-shivering thermogenesis.
Testosterone effects on paternal behavior and vasopressin immunoreactive projections in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

Castration reduced paternal responsiveness of male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). Castration also reduced the number of vasopressin immunoreactive (AVP-ir) cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and medial amygdaloid nucleus (MA), as well as the density of AVP-ir fibers in the lateral septum. Testosterone treatment of castrated voles prevented these changes. The similarities in the effects of the hormonal manipulations on paternal responsiveness and AVP immunoreactivity provide further support for the hypothesis that AVP-ir projections of the BST and MA are implicated in paternal behavior.
Effect of pion resonances on the (π+-π0) and (K+-K0) mass differences

The electromagnetic form factor of pions and kaons, obtained on the basis of the experimentally observed pion and K-π resonances, are fed into the known dispersion-theoretic formula relating the mass difference to the form factors. It is observed that the (π+-π0) mass difference is completely explained on the basis of the 2π resonance at 750 MeV in theJ=1,T=1 state. The sign and magnitude of the (K+-K0) mass difference could be explained if one accepts corresponding restrictions on the isoscalar part of the kaon form factor.
Mean red cell age as a determinant of blood oxygen affinity.

LOOSENING of the bond between haemoglobin and oxygen promotes the release of oxygen to the tissues and thus compensates for hypoxia. Such a decrease in blood oxygen affinity occurs in the principal types of hypoxia1–12, presumably because of an adaptive increase of red cell organic phosphates, especially 2,3-diphosphoglycerate13–17. In the natural ageing of normal human red cells, there are changes in the electrostatic interactions involving haemoglobin which bring about an increase of the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen18. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) is active only in younger red cells and is a better and more stable indicator of mean red cell age than reticulocyte counts19,20. Using red cell GOT activity as such an indicator of age, we have investigated the relationship between mean red cell age and both red cell DPG and oxygen affinity.
Trends of Indiana Public Opinion about Condom use for HIV Prevention—1993, 1998, and 2003

Abstract This study identified the trends of Indiana public opinion about condom promotion and condom use for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention via statewide telephone probability surveys repeated in five-year intervals since 1993. There were 645 participants in 1993, 491 in 1998, and 496 in 2003. Results showed that many Indiana residents were still supportive of condom promotion. Their support for condom availability to and correct condom use instruction for teenagers has remained virtually the same with the vast majority being supportive. Public opinion in Indiana was consistent over the years regarding their agreement on the federal government's role in promoting condom use and their disagreement on viewing condom promotion as promoting sex. However, the public became less favorable to television networks airing condom commercials to help prevent the spread of HIV. Lastly, the public's disagreement about a person carrying a condom being viewed as having casual sex and agreement about the e...
Implications of lunar aseismicity.

The aseismicity of the moon has been interpreted by Latham et al. (1970) as an indication that the moon is relatively cold in the interior. An alternative argument is now presented. This argument suggests the reverse conclusion, that the moon is too warm to be seismic. The argument is based on known properties of materials, in particular their modes of failure under shear stress. A tentative conclusion is presented that the moon is largely aseismic because the lunar-therm lies in the stable-sliding field of rock failure. It is too warm, rather than too cold.
Research in child and adolescent psychopharmacology: recent accomplishments and new challenges

Rationale Research in pediatric psychopharmacology has expanded considerably in the last 10 years. Still, controversy remains about the effectiveness and safety of commonly used psychotropics and their role in child treatment, thus pointing to the need for more in-depth and targeted investigations.
High resolution X-ray structure of galactose mutarotase from Lactococcus lactis.

Abstract Galactose mutarotase plays a key role in normal galactose metabolism by catalyzing the interconversion of β-d-galactose and α-d-galactose. Here we describe the three-dimensional architecture of galactose mutarotase from Lactococcus lactis determined to 1.9-A resolution. Each subunit of the dimeric enzyme displays a distinctive β-sandwich motif. This tertiary structural element was first identified in β-galactosidase and subsequently observed in copper amine oxidase, hyaluronate lyase, chondroitinase, and maltose phosphorylase. Two cis-peptides are found in each subunit, namely Pro67 and Lys136. The active site is positioned in a rather open cleft, and the electron density corresponding to the bound galactose unequivocally demonstrates that both anomers of the substrate are present in the crystalline enzyme. Those residues responsible for anchoring the sugar to the protein include Arg71, His96, His170, Asp243, and Glu304. Both His96 and His170 are strictly conserved among mutarotase amino acid sequences determined thus far. The imidazole nitrogens of these residues are located within hydrogen bonding distance to the C-5 oxygen of galactose. Strikingly, the carboxylate group of Glu304 is situated at ∼2.7 A from the 1′-hydroxyl group of galactose, thereby suggesting its possible role as a general acid/base group.
Structure and pragmatics of a self-theory of memory

Eight hundred ninety-three students completed statements from a questionnaire concerning their perceptions of their memory abilities. Twenty-nine memory domains and experiences, such as memory for smells or memory for names, were distributed across 60 statements in the questionnaire. A factor analysis yielded three meaningful factors: (1) a verbal memory factor, which included memory for names, trivia, and words; (2)a personal past memory factor, which included memory for childhood, dreams, painful experiences, and smells; and (3) an appointments factor, which included memory for appointments, personal articles, anniversaries, and so on. Factor scores from the first factor were used in two subsequent experiments: In one, factor scores correlated with performance on a trivia questionnaire; in the other, factor scores correlated with the amount of play money wagered in a twocontestant trivia quiz. Results of both studies suggested that attempts to validate the factors with behavioral measures would succeed. The framework of self-theory of memory was used in discussing the results and in suggesting directions for future inquiry.
Vitellogenesis induced by juvenile hormone in the female sterile mutant apterous-four in Drosophila melanogaster.

IT is somewhat surprising that the insect juvenile hormone is necessary not only for maintenance of the juvenile state, but also, for proper execution of a purely adult role—egg maturation1. The corpus allatum of Drosophila produces a juvenilizing effect when implanted into late third instar larval hosts (ref. 2 and unpublished results of J. H. P. and C. M. Williams) and this can be mimicked by juvenile hormone analogues3–5. The corpus allatum also accelerates yolk deposition in Drosophila6–9. Here we report the effect of an exogenously supplied synthetic juvenile hormone analogue on oogenesis in adult Drosophila females. We have also found that the analogue can cause vitellogenesis in a non-vitellogenic mutant.
Serum migration inhibitory activity against macrophages and tumor cells

Abstract A factor that can inhibit the migration of tumor cells without cytotoxic effect (TMIF) is present in supernatants of activated lymphocytes. In the present experiments, we demonstrate that similar activity can be found in the serum of appropriately immunized animals. As is the case for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), TMIF activity appears only transiently after challenge with antigen. TMIF is also found in the serum of tumor-bearing animals. In this situation, activity persists from Day 7 postinoculation until the time of death. Although previous studies have demonstrated that TMIF and MIF are distinct, these results show that TMIF activity parallels serum migration inhibitory activity against macrophages. In the present experiments, the animals were given a lethal dose of tumor cells. However, it is likely that by virtue of its biologic properties, TMIF might have a protective effect under other experimental conditions.
Electronic poster: co-visualization of full data and in situ data extracts from unstructured grid cfd at 160k cores

Scalability and time-to-solution studies have historically been focused on the size of the problem and run time. We consider a more strict definition of "solution" whereby a live data analysis (co-visualization of either the full data or in situ data extracts) provides continuous and reconfigurable insight into massively parallel simulations. Specifically, we used the Argonne Leadership Class Facility's (ALCF) BlueGene/P machine with 163,840 cores tightly linked through a high-speed network to 100 visualization nodes that share 800 cores and 200 GPUs. Three meshes with respectively 52M, 416M and 3.3B elements discretize the flow over a full swept wing with an unsteady synthetic jet to evaluate time-to-solution plus insight. On the full machine, the 416M element mesh takes about 2 seconds per flow solve step including the extraction and rendering of a slice or a contour, slowing currently the simulation by only 10 and 15% respectively. The 3.3B element case proved scalable at about 15 seconds per time step, whereas PHASTA's strong scaling could compress the time-to-solution for the 52M element case enough to allow the rendering of one frame (slice or contour) every 0.7 second, paving the way for interactive simulation and simulation steering on massively parallel systems1.
Postcolonial Interventions in the Rhetorical Canon: An “Other” View

Postcolonial theory and criticism provide rhetorical studies with an important critical and political perspective with which to engage in issues of neocolonialism and racism. This essay offers an overview of postcolonial theory and criticism, and delineates some of the implications of a postcolonial perspective for rhetorical studies by demonstrating how a postcolonial rhetorical approach pushes the traditional frontiers of the discipline in a manner that enables racially and culturally marginalized perspectives on rhetoric to emerge.
Anterior uveitis associated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside.

Purpose: To report a case of anterior uveitis associated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment.Design: Observational case report.Methods: A 14-year-old girl was seen for pain, redness, and photophobia shortly after finishing a cycle of high-dose Ara-C.Results: Portable slit-lamp examination revealed bilateral diffuse fine keratic precipitates, indicative of a nongranulomatous anterior uveitis. This was treated successfully with a course of topical prednisolone acetate 1%.Conclusions: Ophthalmologists who are asked to evaluate patients on high-dose Ara-C for a “red eye” should consider anterior uveitis as a potential diagnosis.
Rhetoric and reality in Kierkegaard's postscript

Perhaps the most familiar of Kierkegaard's attacks on Hegel involves the issue of systematic thinking. In the pseudonymous works and under his own name, he frequently ridicules the abstractions and self-deceptions of Hegelian system-building. To an existential thinker, the formal patterns of a conceptual system cannot do justice to the vagaries of concrete life. A brief passage from the Preface to Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit is a good example of what Kierkegaard criticizes:
Borel-Weil Theorem for Configuration Varieties and Schur Modules

We present a generalization of the classical Schur modules ofGL(n) exhibiting the same interplay among algebra, geometry, and combinatorics. A generalized Young diagramDis an arbitrary finite subset ofN×N. For eachD, we define the Schur moduleSDofGL(n). We introduce a projective variety FDand a line bundle LD, and describe the Schur module in terms of sections of LD. For diagrams with the “northeast” property(i1, j1), (i2, j2)∈D⇒(min(i1, i2),max(j1, j2))∈D,which includes the skew diagrams, we resolve the singularities of FDand show analogues of Bott's and Kempf's vanishing theorems. Finally, we apply the Atiyah–Bott Fixed Point Theorem to establish a Weyl-type character formula of the form:charSD(x)=∑txwt(t)∑i, j(1−xix−1j)dij(t),wheretruns over certain standard tableaux ofD. Our results are valid over fields of arbitrary characteristic.
Determinants of Mobile Apps' Success: Evidence from the App Store Market

Mobile applications markets with app stores have introduced a new approach to define and sell software applications with access to a large body of heterogeneous consumer population. This research examines key seller- and app-level characteristics that impact success in an app store market. We tracked individual apps and their presence in the top-grossing 300 chart in Apple's App Store and examined how factors at different levels affect the apps' survival in the top 300 chart. We used a generalized hierarchical modeling approach to measure sales performance, and confirmed the results with the use of a hazard model and a count regression model. We find that broadening app offerings across multiple categories is a key determinant that contributes to a higher probability of survival in the top charts. App-level attributes such as free app offers, high initial ranks, investment in less-popular (less-competitive) categories, continuous quality updates, and high-volume and high-user review scores have positive e...
Contributions of fungi to carbon flow and nutrient cycling from standing dead Typha angustifolia leaf litter in a temperate freshwater marsh

This research was supported in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (Division of Environmental Biology DEB-0315686, Division of Biological Infrastructure DBI- 0420965) and by the Michigan Sea Grant College Program (R/CW-15), under A76RG0133 from National Sea Grant, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce, with additional funds from the State of Michigan
Multi-scale integration and aggregation of power system modules for dynamic security assessment

This paper proposes a novel modeling and simulation architecture for the dynamic security assessment of future power systems. Starting from our preliminary work about interaction-variable-based modeling procedure of individual power system dynamic modules, this paper further introduces a real power and reactive power coupled modeling framework which preserves the topological structure of a power system and integrates the module-based dynamic models at multiple spatial scales. Such a model lends itself to distributed decision making at different voltage levels and unifies the modeling of transmission and distribution power networks. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the potential value of such a modeling and aggregation framework.
Cis-trans position effect in Salmonella phage P22

Two nonsense mutants of Salmonella form a burst size in mixed infection of non-permissive bacteria which lies above that for non-complementing pairs but below that expected for complementation. The two mutants map closely together.
Design and characterization of broadband acoustic composite metamaterials

We demonstrate a method to design nonresonant acoustic composite metamaterials made of periodic arrangements of highly subwavelength unit cells composed of one or more inclusions embedded in a fluid. The inclusion geometry determines the degree of anisotropy and effective material parameters, and its nonresonant nature makes it suitable for large bandwidth applications. To characterize the resulting acoustic metamaterial, two sets of normal incidence plane wave reflection and transmission simulations on thin samples are performed. Applying this method, we show that samples as thin as one unit cell in the propagation direction are sufficient to characterize the composite. Different simple unit cell geometries were considered in order to bound the achievable material parameters of such composites. The large range of obtainable parameters, including strong anisotropy, makes this approach suitable for creating the materials needed for applications of transformation acoustics. As an example, we illustrate our method by designing and simulating a physically realizable implementation of a beam-bending flat lens that theoretically requires complex inhomogeneous materials not easily available in nature.
Solving knapsack problems with S-curve return functions

We consider the allocation of a limited budget to a set of activities or investments in order to maximize return from investment. In a number of practical contexts (e.g., advertising), the return from investment in an activity is effectively modeled using an S-curve, where increasing returns to scale exist at small investment levels, and decreasing returns to scale occur at high investment levels. We demonstrate that the resulting knapsack problem with S-curve return functions is NP-hard, provide a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm for the integer variable version of the problem, and develop efficient solution methods for special cases of the problem. We also discuss a fully-polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the integer variable version of the problem.
A Framework for Facilitating Sourcing and Allocation Decisions for Make-to-Order Items

This paper provides a fundamental building block to facilitate sourcing and allocation decisions for make-to-order items. We specifically address the buyer's vendor selection problem for make-to-order items where the goal is to minimize sourcing and purchasing costs in the presence of fixed costs, shared capacity constraints, and volume-based discounts for bundles of items. The potential suppliers for make-to-order items provide quotes in the form of single sealed bids or participate in a dynamic auction involving open bids. A solution to our problem can be used to determine winning bids amongst the single sealed bids or winners at each stage of a dynamic auction. Due to the computational complexity of this problem, we develop a heuristic procedure based on Lagrangian relaxation technique to solve the problem. The computational results show that the procedure is effective under a variety of scenarios. The average gap across 2,250 problem instances is 4.65%.
Ultralow temperature magnetic susceptibility of a metalloporphyrin single crystal using a squid magnetometer

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of aligned small single crystal of copper tetraphenylporphine was measured from below 10 mK to 3K. Down to 4.3 mK a powdered sample exhibited no transition to a magnetically-ordered state.
Correlation between mitogenicity and stimulation of calcium uptake in human lymphocytes.

Summary Eight mitogenic agents representing four different classes of mitogens (lectins, heavy metals, proteolytic enzymes and periodate) were shown to produce early increase in 45 Ca ++ uptake in purified human lymphocytes (incubation for 1 hour at 37°C). Seven related nonmitogenic substances produced little or no stimulation of Ca ++ uptake. Lymphocytes exposed to 10–1000 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DB cAMP) underwent modest (20–50%) increases in Ca ++ uptake within 2 minutes. Since the effect of cAMP is small its role in the modulation of early lectin effects on Ca ++ transport in uncertain.
Preparation of abiotic polymer nanoparticles for sequestration and neutralization of a target peptide toxin

Through screening libraries of polymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing various comonomers, it is possible to develop NPs with high affinity for target biomacromolecules. This protocol describes the preparation and characterization of melittin-binding NPs. Synthetic polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with intrinsic affinity for target biomacromolecules hold great promise in the development of novel tools for biological and biomedical research. We recently reported the design and synthesis of abiotic, synthetic polymer NPs with high intrinsic affinity for a peptide toxin melittin. The NP was selected by screening a small library of NPs (∼100 nm) composed of various ratios of monomers that contain functional groups complementary to the peptide melittin. The selected polymer NP, a co-polymer of acrylic acid (AAc), N-tert-butylacrylamide (TBAm), N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), effectively captures and neutralizes the toxicity of the peptide through a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. This protocol describes a step-by-step procedure for the preparation and evaluation of synthetic polymer NPs for sequestration and neutralization of the target peptide toxin. The polymer NPs can be synthesized in a one-step polymerization reaction using commercially available reagents. The polymerization reaction for the synthesis of polymer NPs takes several hours, and the total protocol including subsequent purification and characterization by dynamic light scattering, NMR and toxicity neutralization assays takes 1–2 weeks in total.
Presentism and Einstein's Train of Thought: Reply to Brogaard and Marlow

It has been widely held that presentism cannot easily accommodate Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity (SR) account of the relativity of simultaneity because presentism privileges successively unique times ontologically. Recently Brogaard and Marlow (Analysis 73:635–642, 2013) argued that presentism does not deserve the attribution of this defect because it may well be that Einstein’s account of the relativity of simultaneity is defective, leaving it open to establishing a view of absolutist simultaneity friendlier to presentism. Specifically Brogaard and Marlow present an argument against one of Einstein’s most famous accounts of the relativity of simultaneity, and moreover raise doubts about whether Einstein availed himself of absolutist frames in some of his explanations of relativity. I will dismiss both of these charges, and thus argue that the complaint against presentism from SR stands.
Renal functional changes in experimental cystic disease are tubular in origin

Chronic functional changes in experimental cystic disease are tubular in origin. Chronic (30 weeks) structural and functional changes were correlated in diphenylthiazole (DPT)-induced polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in rats. DPT induced two different types of progressive tubular changes: cystic transformation and hyperplastic/atrophic tubular changes. Cystic changes diffusely involved collecting tubules in the outer medulla and cortex, and they were progressive over 30 weeks. Hyperplastic/atrophic changes occurred as clusters of tubules in the cortex and involved between 25% and 50% of tubular profiles after 12 and 30 weeks of drug treatment. Thus, the two types of tubular change were independent of each other and represent different cellular responses to the drug. DPT treatment induced no detectable light- and electron-microscopic or histochemical alterations in glomeruli or renal blood vessels. Renal functional changes consisted of: (1) early (4 weeks) and persistent impairment of concentrating ability; (2) a progressive drop in creatinine clearance and elevation in BUN; and (3) the late onset (30 weeks) of moderate proteinuria. These findings suggest that cystic as well as hyperplastic-atrophic tubular changes contribute to the loss of tubular and renal function in DPT-induced PKD. Both types of tubular lesions may have a role in the development of impaired renal function in other forms of experimental and clinical PKD.
Frontal hemodynamic changes precede EEG onset of temporal lobe seizures

Abstract Objective A preictal state exists minutes or hours prior to the clinical seizure. We investigated whether hemodynamic changes preceding temporal lobe seizures were detectable in frontal scalp recordings using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Patients undergoing video-EEG telemetry (VET) were studied. Methods A NIRS sensor was placed over the frontal scalp ipsilateral to the patient’s first recorded seizure. Regional cerebral oxygenation (rSO2) was recorded synchronously with VET data and peripheral oxygen saturation (SaO2). Periictal changes in rSO2 were compared with baseline interictal rSO2. Results Eleven seizures were recorded in six patients. A mean peak preictal increase in rSO2 of 7.1% from the interictal baseline ( p Conclusion We have shown that preictal changes in cerebral oxygenation occur with a mean peak latency of about 4.98 min before seizure onset. Significance NIRS has the potential for providing a noninvasively detected signal of an imminent seizure.
The use of a SiTek position sensitive detector for synchrotron radiation beam monitoring and alignment

Abstract A SiTek Laboratories one-dimentional position sensitive detector has been tested for use as a synchrotron radiation beam position monitor.
I DDQ data analysis using neighbor current ratios

IDDQ test loses its effectiveness for deep sub-micron chips since it cannot distinguish between faulty and fault-free currents. The concept of current ratios, in which the ratio of maximum to minimum IDDQ is used to screen faulty chips, has been previously proposed. However, it is incapable of screening some defects. The neighboring chips on a wafer have similar fault-free properties and are correlated. In this paper, the use of spatial correlation in combination with current ratios is investigated. By differentiating chips based on their non-conformance to local IDDQ variation, outliers are identified. The analysis of SEMATECH test data is presented.
The use of structured, complaint-specific patient encounter forms in the emergency department

Study objective: To assess the effect of preprinted, structured, complaint-specific patient encounter forms on documentation, use of testing, and treatment compared with free-text record keeping. Design: Nonrandomized case-control trial. Setting: University-affiliated, tertiary referral hospital emergency department. Methods: The records of all patients with lacerations, pharyngitis, asthma, or isolated closed-head injury during an eight-month period were reviewed. Intervention: Use of structured complaint-specific patient encounter forms versus traditional free-text record keeping. Main outcome measure: The null hypothesis was that there would be no differences in documentation, test use, or practice when the structured forms were used compared with free-text record keeping. Results: Differences in documentation that favored the use of the structured forms for all four problems studied were seen consistently. Not only was documentation improved, but test use also was affected in a way that decreased use. In addition, in certain areas (eg, treatment of pharyngitis), clinical practice also was changed. Conclusion: Structured, problem-specific ED records improve documentation and affect both resource use and clinical practice. These forms may be useful for improving communication and reimbursement as well as for medicolegal documentation. They provide a method for standardized quality assurance review and clinical data abstraction. Finally, they provide a method for active dissemination of clinical standards.
Modeled Climate-Induced Glacier Change in Glacier National Park, 1850–2100

consequences of glacier retreat by creating spatially explicit models of the creation and ablation of glaciers and of the response of vegetation to climate change. We determined the melt rate and spatial distribution of glaciers under two possible future climate scenarios, one based on carbon dioxide‐induced global warming and the other on a linear temperature extrapolation. Under the former scenario, all glaciers in the basin will disappear by the year 2030, despite predicted increases in precipitation; under the latter, melting is slower. Using a second model, we analyzed vegetation responses to variations in soil moisture and increasing temperature in a complex alpine landscape and predicted where plant communities are likely to be located as conditions change.
Specificity of lysine and tyrosine transfer RNA fractions for RNA codons

Abstract Lysyl-tRNA from whole chick embryo or adult liver was fractionated by reversed-phase column chromatography and the codon responses of each isoaccepting species were determined using Escherichia coli ribosomes. Species I and II bound most strongly to AAG. Binding to UAG and GAG was also noted. Species III bound strongly to AAA and exhibited a degenerate response to AAG. Species III showed significant binding to UAA, and CAA as well. Unfractionated liver lysyl-tRNA showed responses to AAA, AAG, UAA, UAG, GAG, CAA and AGA. Whole embryo tyrosyl-tRNA was separated by reversed-phase chromatography into two fractions. Each fraction bound primarily to UAU and UAC.