cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-Drive Standing Balance of Vehicle Passengers Using Wearable Sensors: The Effect of On-Road Driving and Task Performance.

Postural sway has been demonstrated to increase following exposure to different types of motion. However, limited prior studies have investigated the relationship between exposure to normative on-road driving conditions and standing balance following the exposure. The purpose of this on-road study was to quantify the effect of vehicle motion and task performance on passengers’ post-drive standing balance performance. In this study, trunk-based kinematic data were captured while participants performed a series of balance exercises before and after an on-road driving session in real-time traffic. Postural sway for all balance exercises increased following the driving session. Performing a series of ecologically relevant visual-based tasks led to increases in most post-drive balance metrics such as sway position and velocity. However, the post-drive changes following the driving session with a task were not significantly different compared to changes observed following the driving session without a task. The post-drive standing balance performance changes observed in this study may increase vulnerable users’ risk of falling. Wearable sensors offer an opportunity to monitor postural sway following in-vehicle exposures.
Reducing Length of Stay and Hospital Readmission for Orthopedic Patients: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background Transitioning patients from the hospital to home after a total hip or knee arthroplasty is challenging. Severe pain, comorbidities and complex medication regimes have the potential to delay readiness for discharge, increase length of stay (LOS), and cause readmissions. Objective The goal of this practice improvement project was to improve patient readiness for discharge after total joint arthroplasty to reduce LOS, prevent emergency department (ED) visits, and prevent hospital readmissions. Methods This quality improvement project was guided by the Iowa Model and implemented a prepost program implementation evaluation design. Nurses incorporated the Registered Nurse Assessment of Readiness for Hospital Discharge Scale (RN-RHDS) to guide and evaluate discharge education efforts. Results The focused education cohort demonstrated significantly decreased LOS and decreased readmissions compared to the cohort receiving standard education efforts. ED visits were not significantly different amongst cohorts. Conclusion This practice improvement project demonstrates successful translation of research into practice. Implications for nursing The use of focused education and the RN-RHDS tool is recommended for nursing to improve patient readiness for discharge and patient outcomes.
Increased Expression of TGF-β Signaling Components in a Mouse Model of Fibrosis Induced by Submandibular Gland Duct Ligation

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a multi-functional cytokine with a well-described role in the regulation of tissue fibrosis and regeneration in the liver, kidney and lung. Submandibular gland (SMG) duct ligation and subsequent deligation in rodents is a classical model for studying salivary gland damage and regeneration. While previous studies suggest that TGF-β may contribute to salivary gland fibrosis, the expression of TGF-β signaling components has not been investigated in relation to mouse SMG duct ligation-induced fibrosis and regeneration following ductal deligation. Following a 7 day SMG duct ligation, TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 were significantly upregulated in the SMG, as were TGF-β receptor 1 and downstream Smad family transcription factors in salivary acinar cells, but not in ductal cells. In acinar cells, duct ligation also led to upregulation of snail, a Smad-activated E-cadherin repressor and regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, whereas in ductal cells upregulation of E-cadherin was observed while snail expression was unchanged. Upregulation of these TGF-β signaling components correlated with upregulation of fibrosis markers collagen 1 and fibronectin, responses that were inhibited by administration of the TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitors SB431542 or GW788388. After SMG regeneration following a 28 day duct deligation, TGF-β signaling components and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers returned to levels similar to non-ligated controls. The results from this study indicate that increased TGF-β signaling contributes to duct ligation-induced changes in salivary epithelium that correlate with glandular fibrosis. Furthermore, the reversibility of enhanced TGF-β signaling in acinar cells of duct-ligated mouse SMG after deligation indicates that this is an ideal model for studying TGF-β signaling mechanisms in salivary epithelium as well as mechanisms of fibrosis initiation and their resolution.
CUSEP—A New Mathematical Model of Pulsed Column Contactors Using the Purex Process

The mathematical basis for a computer code CUSEP (Clemson University Solvent Extraction Program) is described. The code simulates the temporal and steady-state concentration profiles in pulsed colu...
A Review of Investigative Methods

The title of this work is somewhat misleading since it is intended to provide “a general introduction and basic guidance” for those “processing crime scenes without the assistance of highly skilled laboratory or other technical personnel” (p. ix). It is refreshing to read on the same page that “the purpose of evidence is not necessarily to convict the most likely suspect, but to determine the truth so that the innocent may go free and the guilty be as quickly and positively identified.” The content of the book is indicated by the titles of the chapters and appendixes: Chapter 1 Notes and Reports Chapter 2 Crime Scene Searches and Sketches Chapter 3 Collection of Evidence Chapter 4 Photography Chapter 5 Fingerprints Chapter 6 Firearms Evidence Chapter 7 Toolmark Evidence Chapter 8 Injuries and Death Chapter 9 Arsons and Bombings Chapter 10 Questioned Documents Appendix 1 Vocabulary Appendix 2 Course Outline—Practical Photography Training Appendix 3 Developing and Lifting Latent Fingerprints Appendix 4 Glossary of Sex Crimes
SU‐E‐T‐253: Development of a GDPM Monte Carlo Based Quality Assurance Tool for Cyberknife

Purpose: To develop a 3D quality assurance (QA) tool for Cyberknife plans using a GPU-based Monte Carlo dose calculation package, gDPM. The developed QA tool will be used as a secondary check for Cyberknife treatment planning software (TPS) reported dose distributions. Methods: Phase space files of the 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 60 mm iris cones were downloaded from IAEA phase-space database. From the 60mm iris cone phase space file, we were able to generate raw phase space files for all other cones using a particle rejection method. The particles in the raw phase space files were binned with respect to the radial position and energy for commissioning. During the commissioning process, gDPM calculated percent depth dose and off-center ratios which were compared to those measured in the Blue Phantom. The off-axis data was measured with an SAD setup at depths of 15, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mm. At the commissioning stage, an optimization problem was solved to adjust the binned particles weights to minimize the difference between the calculated and measured ones. Commissioning validations will be performed by measuring point dose data of patient specific plans delivered to water phantoms. With commissioned phase space files, 3D patient-specific dose distributions will be calculated and compared against TPS reported dose. Results: Beyond the initial buildup region, the root mean square difference between the calculated and measured percent depth dose differences was less than 0.5%. The full-width half-max data from the off-axis ratio calculations was found to be within 0.1 mm of the measured data. Conclusion: Our current work showed excellent agreement between the gDPM calculated dose and the measured data for all cone sizes and types for the Cyberknife system. Implementation of a fast and accurate QA tool for patient specific plans will be feasible with this tool.
Core Competencies in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Becoming a Highly Competent and Effective Therapist

Foreword. Preface. Competency in Counseling and Psychotherapy. Competency 1: Establishing a Treatment Frame. Competency 2: Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship. Competency 3: Conceptualizing and Planning and Treatment. Competency 4: Implementing Treatment and Change. Competency 5: Maintaining a Therapeutic Relationship. Competency 6: Maintaining Treatment Gains and Terminating Treatment. Beyond Competency: Becoming and Being a Master Therapist. Index.
Residential quality assessment

This paper focuses on the construction of residential quality scores as a preliminary step towards defining neighborhoods in urban areas. Two issues have been addressed: (1) the effect of spatial scale in the delineation of boundaries, and (2) variations in the assessment of residential quality when alternative methods are used. The spatial analysis undertaken in this research is integrated into a vector-based GIS environment to facilitate information exchange as well as the generation of topological information. The City of Syracuse (NY) is selected as the study area.
Dual optical modality endoscopic imaging of cancer development in the mouse colon.

Background and Objective We utilize a miniature, dual-modality endoscope that combines fluorescence-based surface magnifying chromoendoscopy (SMC) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) to follow the anatomical changes that occur during adenoma development in the mouse colon. Materials and Methods Twenty-five mice were treated with the carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) to induce tumor development in the distal colon, or were treated with saline as control, and were imaged over six months. OCT detects adenoma number with high sensitivity and specificity and can measure lesion size. In methylene blue-lavaged colons, SMC detects changes in the colonic crypts. SMC images of control mouse colons exhibit reticulated patterns of crypts of equal size, forming either a dot or honeycomb pattern. Results Images of AOM-treated colons show mild crypt irregularities even in grossly normal tissue. Images of small to medium adenoma exhibit larger crypts, more intense signal, and irregular spacing whereas those of large adenoma have heterogeneous, intense signal and loss of crypt structure. Conclusions The combination of OCT and SMC permits the detection of neoplastic events from the earliest stages of crypt irregularities before gross tissue changes are noted, through to measuring the growth of protruding adenoma. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:30–39, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An extension of Aronszan's rule: slicing the spectrum for intermediate problems

We introduce an equivalent formulation of Aronszajn’s rule for the method of intermediate problems that provides more information of computational importance. The new formulation provides a mechani...
Cooperative binding of λ repressors to sites separated by integral turns of the DNA helix

Lambda repressors bind cooperatively to adjacent pairs of operator sites. Here we show that repressors bind cooperatively to pairs of operator sites whose centers have been separated by five or six turns of the helix. No cooperativity is observed when the centers of these sites are on opposite sides of the DNA helix. Cooperativity depends upon the same part of the protein (the carboxyl domain) that mediates cooperativity when the sites are adjacent. As the repressors bind, the DNA between the sites becomes alternately sensitive and resistant to DNAase I cleavage at half turn intervals. We suggest that when repressors bind cooperatively to separated sites, the DNA forms a loop, thus allowing the two repressors to touch.
Pentosan hydrolysis in a concentrated slurry system.

Pentosan hydrolysis at low aqueous liquid-to-biomass ratios (2.5-15 mL/g) with sulfuric acid as the catalyst is studied in the temperature range of 125-155/sup 0/C. To facilitate heat transfer and mixing a second insoluble oil is added to the reaction mixture. It is found that even at high slurry concentrations, the reaction is the rate-controlling step. In addition, such systems give higher pentosan yields compared with dilute slurry systems. This is explained using the concept of acid loading which is defined as the acid present per unit mass of biomass.
Core participation in mantle geochemistry: Geochemical Society Ingerson Lecture, GSA Denver, October 1999

Abstract The siderophile element problem in mantle geochemistry has not been solved by treating the mantle as the residue of core formation in a closed system. Conventional solutions to the problem involve the addition of new material to the mantle as late accretions from outer space. However more solution options are open if the core can return a little material to the mantle from inside. The notion that such a return flux of material from the outer core is occurring is suggested by the correlated anomalies in 186Os/188Os and 187Os/188Os seen in some plume materials by R. J. Walker and his colleagues Walker et al 1995 , Walker et al 1997 , Brandon et al 1998 , Brandon et al 1999 . These isotopic anomalies could result from 190Pt and 187Re decay in the liquid outer core following Pt-Re-Os fractionation during crystallization of the solid inner core. Partition coefficients determined for solid/liquid metal fractionation of Pt, Re, and Os at 100 kbar are consistent with those required to produce the correlated Os isotope anomalies. Oxide exsolution from cooling and crystallization of a saturated liquid outer core provides a mechanism to reimplant the Os signal back into the mantle. Other siderophile elements may have their mantle abundances boosted by this process. The details of the reimplantation process present a worthy challenge for evaluation.
Identification of a Boron-Containing Intermediate in the Boron Tribromide Mediated Aryl Propargyl Ether Cleavage Reaction

An alternate reaction mechanism for the boron tribromide mediated deprotection of aryl propargyl ethers based on the isolation of a key boron-containing byproduct is proposed. On the basis of the new mechanistic insight, we discovered that HBBr(2) x SMe(2) can also be used for cleaving aryl propargyl ethers.
The Scanlon Plan: Causes and Correlates of Success

The Scanlon Plan (SP) is a systematic approach to enhancing organizational effectiveness through a formal participation program and a financial bonus. It has met with varying degrees of success. Th...
Vinyl pinonate-vinyl chloride copolymers

A homopolymer of vinyl pinonate and copolymers of vinyl pinonate and vinyl chloride have been described. The copolymer containing 19.8% of vinyl pinonate seems to show the best all around properties as a rigid plastic. The presence of vinyl pinonate as a component of the copolymer does not give a plasticized film. The homopolymer of vinyl pinonate exhibits adhesive characteristics. The use of an external plasticizer, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, with these compositions is not very promising.
How welfare reform affects young children: Experimental findings from Connecticut—A research note

As welfare-to-work reforms increase women's labor market attachment, the lives of their young children are likely to change. This note draws on a random-assignment experiment in Connecticut to ask whether mothers' rising employment levels and program participation are associated with changes in young children's early learning and cognitive growth. Children of mothers who entered Connecticut's Jobs First program, an initiative with strict 21-month time limits and work incentives, displayed moderate advantages in their early learning, compared with those in a control group. A number of potential mechanisms for this effect are explored, including maternal employment and income, home environment, and child care. Mothers in the new welfare program are more likely to be employed, have higher income, are less likely to be married, have more children's books in their home, and take their children to libraries and museums more frequently. However, these effects explain little of the observed gain in child outcomes. Other parenting practices and the home's social environment do explain early learning, but these remained unaffected by welfare reform. © 2003 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Racial/ethnic and income disparities in child and adolescent exposure to food and beverage television ads across the U.S. media markets☆

Obesity prevalence and related health burdens are greater among U.S. racial/ethnic minority and low-income populations. Targeted advertising may contribute to disparities. Designated market area (DMA) spot television ratings were used to assess geographic differences in child/adolescent exposure to food-related advertisements based on DMA-level racial/ethnic and income characteristics. Controlling for unobserved DMA-level factors and time trends, child/adolescent exposure to food-related ads, particularly for sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food restaurants, was significantly higher in areas with higher proportions of black children/adolescents and lower-income households. Geographically targeted TV ads are important to consider when assessing obesity-promoting influences in black and low-income neighborhoods.
The BOS Compressor: An Economical Compressor Developed to Serve the Higher Speed, Higher Rod Load, and Higher Horsepower Requirements of the Gas Pipeline, Storage, Gathering, Process, and Similar Industries

Traditionally, large slow speed integral gas engines were used in Pipeline applications. Today, the need exists for smaller high-speed units with a lower total installed cost and quicker return on investments. Utilizing well over 100 years of gas compressor experience, Dresser-Rand has developed a new Big Oilfield Separable (BOS) frame and Dresser-Rand Advanced Reciprocating Technology (DART) cylinder line-up to serve the high-speed engine and motor driven Pipeline/Injection markets. By incorporating a longer stroke capability, this compressor also serves the electric motor driven Process Gas markets. First, this paper will identify the complete design, development, and test verification of the frame and running gear. Second, this paper will then identify the complete design, development, and performance verification of the DART cylinder. Together, the BOS frame and DART cylinders provide an economical replacement to the older slow speed integral gas engines that are utilized in Pipeline applications.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Reflex microsatellite instability & immunohistochemistry testing practices & follow-up of abnormal results at U.S. cancer programs.

Background Abnormal results of microsatellite instability (MSI) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing of colorectal (CRC) tumors may suggest the presence of Lynch Syndrome (LS), a hereditary cause of CRC. Individuals with LS are at high risk for second primary cancers. Abnormal results of MSI and IHC testing influence care decisions. MSI is also a prognostic marker. The purpose of this survey-based study is to determine the current MSI and IHC testing practices and subsequent follow-up of abnormal results in U.S. cancer programs. The study aims include to: 1) explore the practice of MSI/IHC testing based on type of cancer program and the number of CRC cases accessioned during 2009 and 2) identifying the process and factors associated with follow-up of abnormal results. Routine MSI and IHC testing of CRC tumors is an emerging practice in the U.S. To date, no published studies were found that describe the practice of reflex testing for MSI and IHC abnormalities on colorectal tumors in the U.S. Methods and materials A study packet (i.e., letter of invitation, survey, $5.00 incentive, and postage-paid return envelope) will be mailed to the cancer program and tumor registry directors at the 40 NCI-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers, 567 ACS-accredited Community Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Programs, and 521 ACS-accredited Community Hospital Cancer Programs in the U.S. Collaboration between the directors of the cancer program and tumor registry will be encouraged and only one set of survey responses per cancer program will be retained. The survey was developed based on input from an internal and external panel of experts and revised following pilot testing in 22 centers (99.5% return rate). The survey includes 11 check-box items of which 6 also have an option to write in comments. Recruitment will follow Dillman’s method (i.e. pre-notice letter; study packet, thank you/reminder postcard; repeating up to 2 cycles). Center characteristics and MSI/IHC practices will be summarized using descriptive statistics. Chi square tests will explore associations between type of cancer program and MSI/IHC testing practices. Analysis of variance or planned comparisons will examine differences between program’ sC RC cases in 2009 and the type of cancer program. Content analysis will be used to analyze narrative responses to survey questions. Conclusions The findings of this study may influence (and ultimately enhance) uptake and translation of MSI and IHC testing practices for newly diagnosed CRC tumors, which may lead to improved cancer screening and prevention practices.
Frictional properties of different hand skin areas and grasping techniques

High friction is crucially important in manipulation activities for reducing the hand grip forces and improving control of manipulative tasks. The aim of this study was to assess the coefficient of friction (COF) of various areas of hand skin. Static COF of nine different grasping techniques applied against two object coatings was assessed by means of the ‘slip point’ method in 16 participants. COF measures proved to be both highly reliable and considerably variable across participants (coefficients of variation ranging from 25 to 75%, depending on the applied grasp). COF was also higher in ‘specialised’ than in ‘non-specialised’ skin areas for grasping, as well as in palms, than in the tips of the fingers. The observed findings are of importance for optimisation of object manipulations and also emphasise the importance of measuring individual COF in ergonomic, biomechanics and motor control studies. Statement of Relevance:The results reveal prominent differences in skin friction not only across various a...
Dynamic simulations of geological materials using combined FEM/DEM/SPH analysis

An overview of the Lawrence Discrete Element Code (LDEC) is presented, and results from a study investigating the effect of explosive and impact loading on geological materials using the Livermore Distinct Element Code (LDEC) are detailed. LDEC was initially developed to simulate tunnels and other structures in jointed rock masses using large numbers of polyhedral blocks. Many geophysical applications, such as projectile penetration into rock, concrete targets and boulder fields, require a combination of continuum and discrete methods in order to predict the formation and interaction of the fragments produced. In an effort to model this class of problems, LDEC now includes implementations of Cosserat point theory and cohesive elements. This approach directly simulates the transition from continuum to discontinuum behaviour, thereby allowing for dynamic fracture within a combined finite element/discrete element framework. In addition, there are many applications involving geological materials where fluid–s...
Pseudo-3D Visualization of Cytoskeletal and Whole-Cell Deformation of MLO-Y4 Osteocytes Under Flow

Osteocytes respond to fluid shear loading by activating various biochemical pathways, mediating a dynamic process of bone formation and resorption. Whole-cell [1] and intracellular deformation [2] may be able to directly activate and modulate relevant biochemical pathways. Most studies on cell deformation have focused only on cell deformation in the plane parallel to the substrate surface. However, height-dependent cell deformation has not been well characterized even though it may contribute greatly to mechanotransduction mechanisms. Traditional techniques to obtain this additional height information of a cell-body include confocal and deconvolution microscopy, which require scanning a z-stack of the cell. However, this inherently limits the timescale under which the deformational information can be visualized. To further investigate this behavior at a high temporal resolution, we propose using a “pseudo-3D” microscopy method to better characterize osteocyte cell behavior. In this study, we present a novel technique that is able to image a single cell simultaneously in two orthogonal planes to obtain real-time images of cell at a millisecond timescale. The objectives of this study were to: (1) visualize actin or microtubule networks with the plasma membrane in two orthogonal planes simultaneously under fluid shear; (2) map out the deformations using digital image correlation; and (3) compare the depth-directional deformation of actin and microtubule networks of osteocytes.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Influence of annealing in oxygen ambient on crystal properties of rf-sputtered PZT layers on ZnO substrates

ABSTRACT Lead zirconate titanate PbZr 52 Ti 48 O 3 (PZT) layers were deposited on ZnO layers by rf-sputtering at varying substrate temperatures. The effect of annealing on PZT crystal properties has been studied by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. It is shown that the annealing in oxygen ambien t has significant effect on the quality of the deposited PZT layers. The optimum growth temperature has been found to be 650 C. Keywords: ferroelectrics, rf-sputtering, PZT, ZnO, X-ray diffraction, annealing 1. INTRODUCTION Lead zirconate titanate PbZr 1-x Ti x O 3 (PZT) is an ABO 3 family perovskite which is considered as one of the promising material for production non-volatile random access memory devices because of its low crystal growth temperature around 650 qC that is compatible with the silicon technology and its high value of remanent polarization and dielectric constant. However, it suffers from fatigue i.e.degradation of hysteresis curve with operation time which prevents its utility. The fatigue is believed to result from oxygen deficien cy near the electrode-PZT inte rface. One of the approaches is to use oxide bridge layers between PZT and the platinum electrodes which led to some success in reducing the oxygen non-stoichiometry. The other is to use different perovskite materials such as MgO, SrRuO
Inhibition of food intake by inhibitors of fatty acid synthase.

According to a recent report from the World Health Organization, it can be estimated that worldwide about 250 million adults — 7 percent of the population — are obese, defined as having a body-mass...
Small scale resistance spot welding of Cu47Ti34Zr11Ni8 (Vitreloy 101) bulk metallic glass

Abstract The resistance spot welding of Vitreloy 101 (Cu 47 Ti 34 Zr 11 Ni 8 ) metallic glass ribbons was studied by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Material was expelled along the weld interface and around the electrode contact points on the alloy surface. There were no significant changes in composition between the melted and native alloy although minor (∼8%) crystallization was observed in DSC data. Failure during peel and tensile-shear tests of the welds was observed to occur at the periphery of the weld (pullout failure), where slower melting and cooling occurred away from the heat sink effects of the welding electrodes. Measurements of lap welds indicated a maximum shear strength of 810 ± 77 MPa, about 75% of the predicted shear strength of the monolithic alloy. Embrittlement and crystallization around the weld likely contributed to failure. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed to explore the temperature–time relation inside the metallic glass during and following welding and it confirmed the main features observed experimentally. The model indicated rapid melting as temperatures reached ∼2000 K followed by cooling of the center of the weld nugget at rates up to ∼48,000 K s −1 , greatly exceeding the critical cooling rate for this material of 250 K s −1 . A torus of material around the weld nugget remained molten for longer and cooled more slowly than the center of the weld nugget.
Caregiver Descriptions of the Developmental Skills of Infants and Toddlers Entering Early Intervention Services

The present study was conducted to describe the developmental skills of a national sample of infants and toddlers at entry into early intervention services. Caregivers were asked about their child's skills during a telephone interview. Summary values were derived from descriptions of motor, communication, independence, and cognitive skills. More children were reported with less than age-expected communication skills compared to other domains. Skill acquisition was related to select child and family characteristics. Among those entering early intervention between the ages of 12 and 32 months, 17.5% were reported to have near age-level skill in all domains and 50.3% were reported not to be near age level in any domain.
Segments from vertebrate smooth muscle myosin rods

Abstract The rod portion of myosin from gizzard muscle forms “compound” segments when precipitated with divalent ions. These compound segments can be accounted for by the interaction of two pairs of molecular arrays related by 2-fold axes. Similar but shorter compound segments are formed from subfragments obtained by tryptic and chymotryptic digestion of gizzard myosin. All the different segments display a bipolar 430 A overlap as well as a 430 A axial translation.
Accelerated temperature aging of black chrome solar selective coatings

Abstract Accelerated aging of electrodeposited black chrome coatings deposited onto nickel substrates has been studied over the temperature range 350 to 450°C for coatings plated from four different bath compositions. It was found that the solar absorptance initially remains unchanged at values of 0.96–0.97 and then begins to gradually decrease with continued aging to values below 0.90. Solar absorptance data obtained as a function of aging time at five different temperatures for coatings from a given bath can be made to overlap by multiplication of the time axis by a shift factor which is dependent only on the temperature. This result implies that constant acceleration on the aging process was achieved over this temperature range. Shift factors determined at each temperature were essentially independent of the bath composition implying that the aging mechanism is the name for coatings plated from different baths. The shift factor obeys an Arrhenius temperature dependence, with a measured activation energy of (46.2±0.9) kcal/mol. Extrapolating this behavior to the intended collector operating temperature of 300°C gives estimated coating lifetimes of well over the required 20 years for coatings plated from optimized baths. These methods can also be used in acceptance tests during coating production to monitor the plating process.
A soft contact lens search coil for measuring eye movements

A five turn coil of magnet wire sandwiched between two soft contact lenses served as a magnetic search coil to measure horizontal and vertical eye movements in humans. The lens was adhered to the eye for 35 min by periodically misting the eye with distilled water; during this time the records of eye position showed that the lens remained firmly attached to the eye. Using this sensor, no topical anesthetic need be applied and the lens can be worn for an extended period of time without increasing intraocular pressure.
Heteroepitaxial Growth of Germanium Films by Supersonic Free Jet Chemical Beam Epitaxy

A supersonic free jet operated in continuous wave and pulsed mode was used to grow Ge films on (100) GaAs and (100) Si substrates. The Ge-bearing source molecule digermane (Ge{sub 2}H{sub 6}) was seeded (at 5% concentration) in a helium carrier gas. A free jet expansion of this gas mixture was directed toward the heated substrate surface, where Ge film growth took plane by surface-induced thermal decomposition of the ballistically impinging digermane molecules. The thickness distribution across the substrate surface was fitted by a cos{sup m}{var theta} distribution. The values of m spanned the range 6-35. The upper limit on growth resulting from background'' gas scattered out of the jet was found to be less than 10% of the Ge film thickness for growth on (100) GaAs, and around 25% for growth on (100) Si. 9 refs., 4 figs.
The effects on canine cardiac Purkinje fibers of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (sea nettle) toxin.

Abstract Excised canine cardiac Purkinje fibers (false tendons) and excised canine cardiac papillary muscles were exposed to the toxin of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (sea nettle). Purkinje fibers showed loss of resting potential, diminution of upstroke velocity, reduced conduction velocity, partial and complete block of conduction between cells within the same bundle, spontaneous activity, and eventual loss of excitability. Papillary muscles showed none of these changes, remaining electrically normal and contractile when exposed to levels of toxin that caused complete inexcitability in Purkinje fibers. The toxic effects could be prevented by elevating the level of Ca2+ in the perfusate and enhanced by lowering the level of Ca2+ in the perfusate. Spontaneous activity, slow conduction, conduction block and eventual inexcitability in fibers of the ventricular conducting system are sufficient to explain the cardiac death that arises from intravenous injection of sea nettle toxin in mice and rats. The effects of the level of Ca2+ suggest that the toxin interferes with the actions of Ca2+ at the membrane of the affected cells since low levels of Ca2+ have effects very like that of the toxin on Purkinje fibers and, like the toxin, have no effect on papillary muscle fibers.
A method for quantitative evaluation of burglary resistance

Abstract Quantitative models which could be used for comparison of security systems do not seem to be available in the literature. This paper presents a model which could be used to compare the resistance to burglary of differing building designs. Emphasis is on the burglary of apartments. The model is a stochastic process, and computes the probability of successful burglary, and also the probability of burglars being thwarted without being able to attempt entry into an apartment.
Hydrogen evolution from strained SixGe1−x(100)2×1:H surfaces

The evolution of hydrogen from a series of strained SixGe1−x(100)2×1:H surfaces were studied with angle resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (ARUPS). A series of strained SixGe1−x alloys were grown on Si(100) wafers using electron beam evaporation in an ultra‐high vacuum molecular beam epitaxy chamber. The growth was followed by an in situ H‐plasma exposure. After the in situ H‐plasma exposure, a diffuse double domain 2×1 reconstructed surface was obtained, which indicates a Si(Ge)–H monohydride surface termination. ARUPS spectra of the series of H‐terminated SixGe1−x alloys were obtained as a function of annealing temperature. Hydrogen induced surface states/resonances were observed from the H‐terminated surfaces of all samples, and as the annealing temperature was increased the states were gradually extinguished. The ARUPS spectra of the H‐terminated alloy surfaces indicated that the monohydride started to dissociate at annealing temperatures ≤250 °C. The results show that, for all H‐terminat...
Differential Hydration of Tricyanomethanide Observed by Time Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy

The degenerate transition corresponding to asymmetric stretches of the D3h tricyanomethanide anion, C(CN)3–, in aqueous solution was investigated by linear FTIR spectroscopy, femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy, and 2D IR spectroscopy. Time resolved vibrational spectroscopy shows that water induces vibrational energy transfer between the degenerate asymmetric stretch modes of tricyanomethanide. The frequency–frequency correlation function and the vibrational energy transfer show two significantly different ultrafast time scales. The system is modeled with molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations. A new model for theoretically describing the vibrational dynamics of a degenerate transition is presented. Microscopic models, where water interacts axially and radially with the ion, are suggested for the transition dipole reorientation mechanism.
Screening of Grassland Plants for Restoration after Spotted Knapweed Invasion

Invasions of North American grasslands by Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) are mediated in part by Spotted knapweed root exudation of (±)-catechin, a potent phytotoxin. Residual soil (±)-catechin may interfere with reestablishment of native grassland species even after Spotted knapweed populations are controlled. Grassland species that are resistant to (±)-catechin may be more successful for restoration of areas infested by Spotted knapweed. We evaluated the (±)-catechin resistance of 23 grassland species by measuring the effects of seven (±)-catechin concentrations (0–4.0 mg/mL) on seed germination, seedling root and shoot elongation, and seedling mortality. (±)-Catechin treatments were chosen to reflect the range of observed Spotted knapweed field soil (±)-catechin concentrations. Inhibition of root elongation was the strongest and most common effect of (±)-catechin treatment. High (±)-catechin concentrations reduced mean root lengths of 5 of the species by more than 75% and another 10 species by more than 55%. Experimentally derived concentrations needed to reduce root length by 50% (EC50), an indicator of (±)-catechin resistance, ranged from 0.43 mg/mL ± 0.30 SE to greater than 4.0 mg/mL among species. Eight species with EC50s greater than 3.0 mg/mL were identified as resistant to (±)-catechin and are likely suitable for revegetation of Spotted knapweed–infested areas. (±)-Catechin resistance was positively correlated with mean seed mass, suggesting that seed carbohydrate reserves may allow seedlings to detoxify (±)-catechin, develop barriers to (±)-catechin exposure, or sustain a positive growth rate, despite (±)-catechin-induced cell death. Future efforts to identify allelochemical-resistant grassland species should focus on large-seeded species.
ENERGY TRANSFER IN MONOMOLECULAR FILMS CONTAINING CHLOROPHYLL A.

WE are investigating the long-range transfer of molecular excitation energy in monomolecular films containing chlorophyll a. The technique used is the quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence by its non-fluorescent derivative, copper pheophytin a. We have studied the dependence of the quenching on the concentration of quencher at two very different values of the fluorescence yield of the chlorophyll molecules in the absence of quencher. This latter measurement is not customarily included in studies of molecular energy transfer, and the results appear, therefore, to be of more general interest.
Analysis and field evaluation of volatile blend emitted by calling virgin females of beet armyworm moth,Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)

The volatile blend emitted by calling virgin beet armyworm females was collected and analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Five compounds were detected and identified in this blend: (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (Z,Z)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (Z)-l 1-hexadecenyl acetate. They were emitted in a ratio of 47.9 ∶4.0∶40.2 ∶6.5 ∶ 1.7, respectively. This five-component blend and several other blends with one or more components deleted were formulated on rubber septa to release the components in about the same ratios as the females. Field tests of these formulations in bucket traps indicated that a blend of (Z)-9 tetradecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, and (Z)-l 1-hexadecenyl acetate was most effective for trapping beet armyworm males and that (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate actually decreased trap captures. Blends that did not contain both (Z)-9-tetradecen-l-ol and (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate were ineffective as trap baits.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of a pancreatic lymphoepithelial cyst.

Lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas (LECP) is an exceedingly rare nonneoplastic entity of uncertain histogenesis, A case of LECP clinically and radiographically mimicking a pseudocyst in a 44-yr-old man is described. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration cytology was instrumental in correctly identifying the lesion as a benign true cyst, thus permitting appropriate surgical management by local resection. The clinical and pathologic features of all ten previously reported cases of lymphoepithelial cyst of the pancreas are reviewed and current theories regarding its histogenesis are discussed.
Phase Behavior of Nonfrustrated ABC Triblock Copolymers: Weak and Intermediate Segregation

The phase behavior of ABC triblock copolymer melts is studied using weak segregation theory and numerical self-consistent field theory (SCFT). We focus on nonfrustrated systems, with interaction parameters χAB ≃ χBC < χAC. Phase behavior of completely symmetric systems, with χAB = χBC and equal A and C volume fractions, fA = fC, is studied over a range of values of χACN and the ratio k ≡ χAC/χAB, in order to resolve some qualitative differences between the results of previous SCFT studies that were carried out at very different values of k. Studies of full composition triangles are presented for two models with parameters similar to those of poly(isoprene-styrene-ethylene oxide), using values of χijN twice those used in our previous study of the same models. A stable alternating diamond phase, with interpenetrating A and C diamond networks, is found to be stable in symmetric systems in a small region near the ODT. The Fddd (O70) phase of slightly asymmetric ABC triblocks is shown to remain stable well int...
An Evaluation of the Shoulder Relocation Test

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values, and accuracy of the shoulder relocation test in 100 patients who underwent shoulder surgery. Based on operative data and examination under anesthesia, the diagnoses were grouped into six categories: anterior instability (without cuff disease), posterior instability, rotator cuff disease (without associated anterior instability), acromioclavicular disorder, osteoarthrosis, and instability of the biceps tendon. The test was performed on the day of surgery by placing the arm in a position of 90 degrees of humerothoracic abduction and 90 degrees of external rotation (90 degrees/90 degrees). Patient responses of pain and apprehension (considered separately) were assessed in this position both with and without application of an anterior force to the proximal humerus. The relocation test assessed diminution of pain and apprehension after application of a posteriorly directed force to the proximal humerus relative to the position of 90 degrees/90 degrees alone and to the position of an anterior force being applied to the proximal humerus. Overall, 63 patients reported pain with 90 degrees/90 degrees; 74 reported pain when an anterior force to the proximal humerus was applied: the anterior instability group alone had 46 and 63 reports of pain, respectively; the rotator cuff group alone had 82 and 88 reports of pain, respectively. The only positive responses for apprehension were in the anterior instability group, of which 63% had apprehension with 90 degrees/90 degrees alone and 74 had apprehension when an anterior humeral force was applied.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Concurrent Models and Cross-Linguistic Analogies in the Study of Prepositional Stranding in French in Canada.

Prepositions can be found with and without adjacent complements in many forms of popular spoken French. The alternation appears in main clauses (il veut pas payer pour ca ~ il veut pas payer pour “he doesn't want to pay for [it]”) and, though with a more restricted social and geographic distribution, in relative clauses (j'avais pas personne avec qui parler ~ j'avais pas personne a parler avec “I had no one to whom to talk ~ I had no one to talk to”). In main clauses, the variant lacking the adjacent complement is said to have an orphaned preposition (il veut pas payer pour); in relatives, it is said to have a stranded preposition (j'avais pas personne a parler avec). In popular spoken French in Canada, stranding appears to be much more frequent than in other Francophone areas. Because so many French speakers in Canada are bilingual, because of the high frequency of stranding, and no doubt also because stranding violates prescriptive norms, stranded prepositions in French in Canada are widely believed to be instances of English influence (e.g. j'avais pas personne a parler avec is regarded as modeled on I had no one to talk to). But in a masterly variationist treatment, Poplack, Zentz and Dion (2011, this issue) argue that Canadian stranding is not of English origin. Stranded Canadian prepositions represent, instead, the expansion to relative clauses of the ordinary main-clause orphans. The historical source for Canadian stranding is thus analogy-induced and internal (French orphans), not contact-induced and external (not English stranding).
African Quest and Struggle for High Schools in Colonial Kenya: The Case of the Abortive Kiambu Local Native Council Central High School at Githunguri, 1926—34

By 1925, 30 years after Kenya became a British colony, there were no high schools for Africans in the colony. In 1926, the Africans decided to build their own high schools through their Local Native Councils (LNCs) but the Government refused to sanction the building of the schools and this led to a protracted struggle. The Kiambu LNC's abortive high school at Githunguri is used as a case study to examine not only why the Government vetoed the building of the schools, but also to show how this greatly undermined the expansion of African higher education in subsequent years.
Suitability of Asphalt Pavement Analyzer for Predicting Pavement Rutting

Findings are summarized from an investigation performed to evaluate the suitability of a wheel-tracking device known as the asphalt pavement analyzer (APA) for assessing the rutting potential of asphalt mixes. The evaluation process consisted of correlating the APA's predicted rutting with known field measurements. The correlation between beam and gyratory samples and the testing variability were also investigated. In addition, the APA test results were compared with those obtained using the Georgia loaded-wheel tester. The findings of this investigation indicated that the APA may be an effective tool to rank asphalt mixtures in terms of their respective rut performance. However, for each mixture type, the APA testing variability was significant between tests and between the three testing locations within each test. Differences in rut measurements of up to 4.7 and 6.3 mm were recorded for beam and gyratory samples, respectively. Therefore, using the APA as a clear pass-or-fail criterion for performance pr...
Stimulation of folliculogenesis in domestic cats with human FSH and LH

Folliculogenesis in response to exogenous stimulation by human urinary follicle stimulating hormone (huFSH) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was evaluated in the domestic queen (Felis catus). The role of LH and/or FSH in folliculogenesis was examined by measuring concentrations of estradiol 17β (E2) and progesterone (P) in the serum. Additionally, changes in the number and size of follicles from before the administration of exogenous hormones to surgical oocyte collection were monitored. Findings indicated that in queens receiving huFSH or hMG followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation, the numbers of follicles from 1 to 3 mm increase with statistical significance (P<0.005) from before the initiation of treatment to surgical collection of oocytes. Although E2 concentrations in cats receiving hMG increased above baseline by the third exogenous hormone injection, mean E2 concentrations did not increase in the groups that received both huFSH and hCG, or hCG only, until after the administration of hCG. This suggests that the exogenous administration of LH contained in both hMG and hCG was necessary for E2 to rise to levels associated with estrus.