cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of GaInNAsSb alloys : Growth, band structure, optical properties and applications

In the past few years, GaInNAsSb has been found to be a potentially superior material to both GaInNAs and InGaAsP for communications wavelength laser applications. It has been observed that due to the surfactant role of antimony during epitaxy, higher quality material can be grown over the entire 1.2 – 1.6 µm range on GaAs substrates. In addition, it has been discovered that antimony in GaInNAsSb also works as a constituent that significantly modifies the valence band. These findings motivated a systematic study of GaInNAsSb alloys with widely varying compositions. Our recent progress in growth and materials development of GaInNAsSb alloys and our fabrication of 1.5 – 1.6 µm lasers are discussed in this paper. We review our recent studies of the conduction band offset in (Ga,In) (N,As,Sb)/GaAs quantum wells and discuss the growth challenges of GaInNAsSb alloys. Finally, we report record setting long wavelength edge emitting lasers and the first monolithic VCSELs operating at 1.5 µm based on GaInNAsSb QWs grown on GaAs. Successful development of GaInNAsSb alloys for lasers has led to a much broader range of potential applications for this material including: solar cells, electroabsorption modulators, saturable absorbers and far infrared optoelectronic devices and these are also briefly discussed in this paper.
Online Task Resource Consumption Prediction for Scientific Workflows

Estimates of task runtime, disk space usage, and memory consumption, are commonly used by scheduling and resource provisioning algorithms to support efficient and reliable workflow executions. Such...
Hardware Trojan Detection in Analog/RF Integrated Circuits

Globalization of semiconductor manufacturing has brought about increasing concerns regarding possible infiltration of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain by skilled and resourceful adversaries, with the intention of introducing malicious modifications (a.k.a hardware Trojans) which can be exploited to cause incorrect results, steal sensitive data, or even incapacitate a chip. While numerous prevention and detection solutions have been introduced in the recent, past, the vast majority of these efforts target digital circuits. Analog/RF ICs, however, are equally vulnerable and potentially even more attractive as attack targets, due to their wireless communication capabilities. Accordingly, in this chapter, we review existing research efforts in hardware Trojan detection in Analog/RF ICs. Specifically, using a wireless cryptographic IC as an experimentation platform, we demonstrate the effectiveness of side-channel fingerprinting along with advanced statistical analysis and machine learning methods in detecting hardware Trojans both after its manufacturing and after its deployment in its field of operation.)
Reaction of Consumers to a Two-Price System

$12,758,o00. A poll of the travel agencies revealed that 25% should be added to care for tips, spending money, and the like. When this $3,190,000 is added, the second final figure amounts to $15,948,000. The third and last job is to get a figure for foreign travel. Air travelers to foreign destinations spent $6,9oo,ooo in 1938.11 The one company that completely dominates the field indicates that 40% of this amount represents expenditures of vacation travelers$2,760,000.12 Cruise travelers to foreign points spent $29,000,000, all of which is charged up to vacation travel.13 All other travelers spent $5o8,00,00ooo in trips to foreign areas.' A study of the reasons given he D partment of Sta e for this travel shows that 85% may be designated vacation travel.16 This amounts to $431,885,000. The three fo eign items, then, are:
Oral and craniofacial pain: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment.

The craniofacial region constitutes one of the most common sites of pain in the human body. 1 The multiplicity and frequent interconnections of pain-sensitive structures in the face make it difficult to ascertain the source of pain. Pain is a complex phenomenon that comprises sensory-discriminative, cognitive, affective, and emotional aspects. 1 This fact renders the management of facial pain syndromes a clinical challenge. Thorough knowledge of the various clinical presentations of each disorder is essential for proper management as well as neuroanatomic and patho-physiological aspects of craniofacial pain. Oral medicine and dental treatment plays a pivotal role in delineating underlying pathology and thereby is essential for proper management. Headache can contribute to craniofacial pain in various clinical presentations, since a vast majority of headache disorders can be identified as the cause of craniofacial pain. Headache can be primary headache disorders, where the headache is the illness itself; this category includes migraine, tension-type headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, idiopathic intracranial hemicrania, and cluster headache. Secondary headache may be due to identifiable disorders or structural lesions, such as cervicogenic headache. Due to its breadth and complexity, primary headache is not discussed in this chapter. This chapter comprises the diagnosis, pathophysiology, investigations, and treatment of some of the common and significant etiologies of non-headache, craniofacial pain (Table 1).
Presidential Campaigning, Federalism, and the Federal Election Campaign Act

Since the mid-1960s Congress has acted to change the rules of the presidential election game with such frequency that each campaign is made a unique political experience. In the wake of the 1979 amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, the 1980 campaign will be no exception. The record begins with the Presidential Campaign Fund Act of 1966, which was repealed before it could have the intended effect on the 1968 election, and progresses to the Political Broadcasting Act of 1970, passed by both houses and vetoed by the president; the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971, which took effect on April 7, 1972; the Presidential Election Campaign Fund Act of 1971, intended to replace the 1966 act; and the Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974, 1976, and 1979. It has not always been possible to discern Congress' purpose as it passed this stream of legislation, but it is possible to record the changing provisions of the laws themselves:
Epizootic Lymphadenitis in Guinea-Pigs Due to an Encapsulated Mucoid Hemolytic Streptococcus

Occasionally during the past, some of the guinea-pigs used in this laboratory were observed to have large, fluctuant swellings of various groups of lymph nodes. Animals suffering from this disease, known as epizootic lymphadenitis or "lumps," had been found in colonies of stock guinea-pigs and in groups of animals used in various experiments. In some instances, the character of the thick or caseous pus led to a superficial diagnosis of tuberculosis or pseudotuberculosis. No detailed attention, however, was paid to the condition until several guinea-pigs, primarily affected with "lumps" died of an acute infection with an hemolytic streptococcus shortly after they had been inoculated with tubercle bacilli, the spirochete of rat-bite fever or other organisms. During a period of six months, following September, 1928, a search for guinea-pigs with this disease was made in a colony averaging about 150 animals. In this period, 20 guinea-pigs with "lumps" were found. From all of these the same unusual type of mucoid hemolytic streptococcus was isolated. The organism was obtained in pure culture from 16 of the animals and in 4 cases only was it associated with staphylococci. As the animals from which mixed cultures were obtained had draining sinuses from ruptured abscesses, it is probable that the staphyloco.cci were secondary invaders, entering through this channel. The prompt removal of infected guinea-pigs from a group reduced the incidence of the disease to a minimum.
Significantly Reduced E-Cadherin Protein Expression (H-Score) in Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Its Correlation With Ki67

Background: Loss of E-cadherin (Ecad) is a fundamental event in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which may be associated with the carcinogenesis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and may play a role in the poor prognosis of TNBC. The semiquantitative H-score method is considered a more accurate and reproducible scoring method than other commonly used methods because of its wide dynamic range and use of weighted …
States as Market Participants In the U.S. and the EU

In light of the Europe 2020 strategy, public authorities in the European Union ought to make better use of public procurement in support of general societal goals. The Member States should therefore use their purchasing power to procure goods and services that foster innovation, respect the environment and combat climate change, while also improving employment, public health and social conditions. However, the overarching objective of the procurement rules in the Union is primarily to strengthen the single market and the EU’s competitiveness. An important issue is therefore how much space public authorities have at their disposal in order to support social or environmental objectives. The situation is different in the U.S. where American States can encourage, and in some cases require, public institutions to purchase products produced in the state (i.e., a geographic preference) due to the so called Market Participant Exception. Against this background, the report States as Market Participants in the U.S. and EU? – Public Purchasing and the Environment, written by the American Professor Jason Czarnezki, analyses U.S. law in comparison to EU law and discusses the ability of public authorities to make environmental demands when purchasing products. Given that the EU is presently revising its procurement legislation, the report, published in the context of SIEPS’ research project The Future Single Market, provides a useful analysis to determine the space for social and environmental requirements in EU public procurement law.
The Effect of Different Bone Marrow Stimulation Techniques on Human Talar Subchondral Bone: A Micro–Computed Tomography Evaluation

Purpose To evaluate morphological alterations, microarchitectural disturbances, and the extent of bone marrow access to the subchondral bone marrow compartment using micro–computed tomography analysis in different bone marrow stimulation (BMS) techniques. Methods Nine zones in a 3 × 3 grid pattern were assigned to 5 cadaveric talar dome articular surfaces. A 1.00-mm microfracture awl (s.MFX), a 2.00-mm standard microfracture awl (l.MFX), or a 1.25-mm Kirschner wire (K-wire) drill hole was used to penetrate the subchondral bone in each grid zone. Subchondral bone holes and adjacent tissue areas were assessed by micro–computed tomography to analyze adjacent bone area destruction and communicating channels to the bone marrow. Grades 1 to 3 were assigned, where 1 = minimal compression/sclerosis; 2 = moderate compression/sclerosis; 3 = severe compression/sclerosis. Bone volume/total tissue volume, bone surface area/bone volume, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number were calculated in the region of interest. Results Visual assessment revealed that the s.MFX had significantly more grade 1 holes ( P P = .002). Bone marrow channel assessment showed a statistically significant increase in the number of channels in the s.MFX when compared with both K-wire and l.MFX holes ( P P = .029). Conclusions BMS techniques using instruments with larger diameters resulted in increased trabecular compaction and sclerosis in areas adjacent to the defect. K-wire and l.MFX techniques resulted in less open communicating bone marrow channels, denoting a reduction in bone marrow access. The results of this study indicate that BMS using larger diameter devices results in greater microarchitecture disturbances. Clinical Relevance The current study suggests that the choice of a BMS technique should be carefully considered as the results indicate that smaller diameter hole sizes may diminish the amount of microarchitectural disturbances in the subchondral bone.
Individuelle und Familientherapie der Schizophrenie

Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Uberblick uber die Bedeutung der individuellen und familienzentrierten Interventionen bei schizophrenen Patienten. Die wahrscheinliche Wirkung jeder Art von Intervention wird in Bezug gesetzt zu dem Grad des Ansprechens auf die Pharmakotherapie. Die familienzentrierten Programme mit einer psychagogischen Orientierung werden detailliert beschrieben. Sie gelten heute aufgrund kontrollierter Untersuchungen als eine wirkungsvolle Zusatzbehandlung.
A Pro-metastatic tRNA Pathway

tRNAs are best known as basic modules for global regulation of protein synthesis. Goodarzi et al. now show that two tRNAs upregulated in metastatic breast cancer cells enhance stability and translation of transcripts enriched with these codons, leading to specific increase in production of pro-metastatic proteins.
The optimal design of pressure swing adsorption systems—II

A previous paper (Smith and Westerberg, 1991) detailed primarily the second step in a proposed three-step design scenario fro pressure swing adsorption (PSA) separation system design. We detail the third step and present an example of the use of this methodology in the design of a PSA system. The problem decomposition strategies previously given will first be used to illustrate the design decisions better and then to help facilitate the solution of the design problem. The resulting design is simulated rigorously to assure feasibility
Production of B cell growth factor(s) by neoplastic B cells from hairy cell leukemia patients

Recent studies have shown that normal human T cells contain a high- molecular-weight (mol wt) protein exhibiting B cell growth factor (BCGF) activity. Other studies have shown that virally transformed human B cells also secrete a high-mol-wt BCGF-like molecule in vitro. We have studied neoplastic B cells from patients with untreated hairy cell leukemia (HCL) to ascertain whether such cytoplasmic BCGF activity is present in the tumor cells. Studies on HCL cells from four patients indicated that BCGF-like activity was in fact present in the cytosolic extracts when tested on autochthonous HCL cells as well as on normal BCGF-dependent human B cell lines. Chromatographic analysis indicated that the BCGF activity from HCL cells was similar in mol wt as well as function to the normal T cell-derived cytosolic BCGF activity. These studies suggest that HCL cells contain and, in some cases, secrete a high-mol-wt growth factor that can be autostimulatory and appears to resemble a similar growth factor molecule found in normal human T cells.
Arms Control and Disarmament

It is tempting to view with cynicism attempts by the nations to render themselves less dangerous through disarmament. We will look in this chapter at some of the reasons for pessimism about the chances that these attempts will be successful. Our conclusion will not be that failure is inevitable, but that success will only come if proposals for arms control are accompanied by more general attempts to relax political tensions. Disarmament cannot stand as an independent goal, and the difficulties which have faced diplomats both before and after 1945 bear witness to this. There has indeed been a striking continuity in the sorts of difficulties they have found, and we will be discussing to what extent the situation has changed since the development of atomic weapons.
The role of water in tarsal taste thresholds to sugar in the blowfly Phormia regina

Thirsty blowflies whose tarsi come into contact with water will respond with proboscis extension. When flies were exposed to high or low relative humidities (RH) prior to testing, the tarsal taste thresholds to sucrose in flies that were unresponsive to water alone increased or decreased, respectively. Evidently, thirst can also be subthreshold and recognizable only as a change in threshold to aqueous sucrose. Thresholds to sucrose and fructose, which were in the millimolar range in 3-day-old adult flies held at 55–70% RH prior to testing, fell significantly after the flies had been held at low humidity (13–20% RH) for several hours. There was no low-humidity-dependent drop in threshold with galactose or xylose, sugars to which flies normally have thresholds in the 10 2 mmoll −1 range. Flies held at low relative humidity exhibited increased tarsal thresholds to sucrose when they were injected with water or were allowed to drink water adlibitum . When multiple injections of water were given, thresholds rose after successive injections. Changes in threshold to sucrose occurred after injection with aqueous NaCl, the direction and magnitude being dependent on the concentration injected. The threshold declined significantly after injection of 2 μ1 of 75 mmoll −1 NaCl, remained unchanged after injection of 150 or 300 mmoll −1 NaCl, and increased after injection of 600 mmoll −1 NaCl. Thirst in blowflies can affect thresholds to food stimuli. The changes in water content of the body resulting from a water-rich meal could contribute significantly to the normal post-meal rises in tarsal thresholds.
Urban Greening as a Social Movement

The premise of this chapter is that human engagement of city dwellers in acts of urban greening, or environmental stewardship, collectively constitutes a social movement for greater access to the natural environment. The power of urban greening as a social movement is particularly salient for disadvantaged communities in promoting greater resilience, health, and well-being. Grounded in the geographies of urban greening associated with Buffalo and New York City, we consider how some civic environmental stewardship programs positively impact youth. More specifically, we contend that such programs provide vulnerable populations such as adolescents with opportunities for social interaction that include intergenerational bridges and mentoring relationships that confer the psychological resilience needed to sustain such local activism. We develop a systems perspective illustrating how participants in successful civic environmental stewardship programs develop an enhanced sense of control and belonging to a community. The connections that individual residents feel to their surrounding community manifest in a heightened concern for others and increased activism promoting public access to green space.
Sodium Taste During Sodium Appetite

Sodium appetite appears to be an excellent model to study the neural mechanisms of motivation. In this issue of Chemical Senses, experiments by St John (2016) challenge 2 hypotheses for how a systemic sodium deficit guides an animal to find and ingest more Na ions in the environment. Both hypotheses deal with modifications of the sensory neural code produced by Na+ ions on the tongue. One envisions a change in the Na+ signal amplitude. A reduction could make the strong Na+ signals less aversive; an increase, weak signals more noticeable. The other hypothesis requires no changes in the identity or amplitude of the Na+ signal, but a shift in its hedonic tone toward sweetness or reward. The results of the 3 behavioral experiments render both explanations unlikely but fail to suggest alternatives.
Producing tissue specific stem cells for regeneration: how YAP/TAZ may prove useful.

In humans, many organs fail to repair through endogenous mechanisms following injury. However, we know from developmental studies, and from research in other model organisms, that tissue regeneration is possible for many organs. For these reasons, regenerative medicine is constantly on the hunt for molecules that can unlock the natural ability of tissues to repair themselves. The homologous co-transcriptional regulators YAP and TAZ may be key molecules capable of resetting mature differentiated cells into a more regenerative state.
Effect of oxidation and nitriding on the properties of zirconium alloys

In contrast to a large number of publications about the influence of interstitial elements (O, N) on the physical-mechanical properties of zirconium alloys, insufficient attention at present is paid to examining their influence on the characteristics of near-surface layers of the shells of heat generating element (HGE). Therefore, it is expedient to widen the knowledge about the influence of interstitial elements on the properties of zirconium HGE tubes. Authors experimentally established the influence of treatment in the controlled oxygen- and nitrogen-containing gas media on the mass increment and properties of the near-surface layer of samples-rings, cut out of the shells of heat generating elements. Differences in the saturation of internal and external surfaces of zirconium pipes were described. It was shown that roughness of the internal surface is less compared to that of the external surface. Results of examining the hardness of external and internal surfaces of the samples-rings after oxidizing and nitriding are presented here. For example, treatment of the samples-rings in the oxygen-containing medium (T=650 °C, t=20 h) leads to the formation of hardness at the external surface HV 0.49 =1190±90, and at the internal surface HV 0.49 =1190±90. However, after treatment in the nitrogen-containing medium (T=650 °C, t=20 h), the hardness on external surface is HV 0.49 =615±35, while on the internal surface it is HV 0.49 =445±35. For example, after treatment in the oxygen-containing medium (T=650 °C, t=20 h), depth of the strengthened layer at the external surface is l=70…75 μm and at the internal surface, it reaches l=60…65 μm. Treatment in the nitrogen-containing medium (T=650 °С, t=20 h) causes the formation of a strengthened layer on the external surface l=60…65 µm and on the internal surface – l=55…65 µm. The duration of isothermal holding in the oxygen mixture, which can lead to the crack initiation at the internal surface of zirconium HGE pipes, was experimentally discovered. Results of present work may be taken into account for the development of modes of treatment of zirconium alloys.
Electronic warfare and distributed interactive simulation

The experimentation and demonstration of electronic warfare (EW) capabilities in distributed interactive simulation (DIS) was performed through the development of these capabilities in the Institute for Simulation and Training’s (1ST) Computer Generated Forces (CGF) Testbed. The 1ST CGF Testbed with EW capabilities can create land, sea, and air entities that can generate and receive electromagnetic emissions across a DIS network. Previous efforts in behavior definition for CGF systems, including the 1ST CGF Testbed, have emphasized land forces performing visual contact engagements. Adding EW capabilities to the CGF Testbed has expanded the sensing horizon of entities beyond visual range providing long range contacts for air and sea engagements. This work provided useful testing of the DIS Standards in the area of electronic warfare.
Abstract 272: Sex Differences in β-Adrenergic Responsiveness of Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Isolated Rabbit Hearts

Introduction: Sex differences in β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) responsiveness are associated with female cardioprotection. We hypothesize that female (F) rabbits have reduced responsiveness to β-AR stimulation vs males (M), and that the degree and type of sex differences vary with the β-AR subtypes that are activated. Methods: Ventricular action potentials (AP) and intracellular calcium transients (CaT) were optically mapped from the epicardial surface of rabbit hearts during 3 Hz pacing. Spontaneous calcium release (SCR) and ectopic activity were elicited at 1, 3, and 5.5 Hz. β-responsiveness was assessed with the nonselective β-agonist isoproterenol (Iso, 1-316 nM), or β2-AR selective agonist zinterol (Zin, 10 nM). Results: At baseline, the time constant of CaT decay (τ) was faster in F than M (54.0±1.7 vs 62.1±3.0 ms; n=14, 14; p Conclusions: These results suggest that sex differences in AP and CaT depend on the dose of the agonist used and the β-AR subtypes that are activated. Elucidating nuances of sex differences in β-AR subtype physiology will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of reduced β-responsiveness in F and its cardioprotective effects.
Test of the 'glymphatic' hypothesis demonstrates diffusive and aquaporin-4-independent solute transport in rodent brain parenchyma

Transport of solutes through brain involves diffusion and convection. The importance of convective flow in the subarachnoid and paravascular spaces has long been recognized; a recently proposed 'glymphatic' clearance mechanism additionally suggests that aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels facilitate convective transport through brain parenchyma. Here, the major experimental underpinnings of the glymphatic mechanism were re-examined by measurements of solute movement in mouse brain following intracisternal or intraparenchymal solute injection. We found that: (i) transport of fluorescent dextrans in brain parenchyma depended on dextran size in a manner consistent with diffusive rather than convective transport; (ii) transport of dextrans in the parenchymal extracellular space, measured by 2-photon fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, was not affected just after cardiorespiratory arrest; and (iii) Aqp4 gene deletion did not impair transport of fluorescent solutes from sub-arachnoid space to brain in mice or rats. Our results do not support the proposed glymphatic mechanism of convective solute transport in brain parenchyma.
Structural refinement and nanomechanical response of laser remelted Al-Al2Cu lamellar eutectic

Abstract Laser remelting was employed to refine the interlamellar spacing (λ) to approximately 30 nm on an arc-cast Al-32.7 wt%Cu eutectic. λ scaled with A ′ (h) - ° 0.25 where h is the distance from the trace bottom, and A ′ is a factor dependent on laser processing conditions. A ′ increased with the laser power (at a constant spot diameter) but decreased with the spot diameter (at a constant laser power). The nanoindentation measured hardness increased up to 4.68 GPa with decreasing interlamellar spacing, following the Hall-Petch relation. The as-cast eutectics showed microcracks around indents, while cracking was suppressed in the laser remelted nanoscale eutectics. A dislocation theory based mechanism is proposed for the enhanced plastic co-deformation of fine scale laser-remelted Al-Al 2 Cu eutectics.
Identification of ultramodified proteins using top-down spectra

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play an important role in various biological processes through changing protein structure and function. Some ultramodified proteins (like histones) have multiple PTMs forming PTM patterns that define the functionality of a protein. While bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS) has been successful in identifying individual PTMs within short peptides, it is unable to identify PTM patterns spread along entire proteins in a coordinated fashion. In contrast, top-down MS analyzes intact proteins and reveals PTM patterns along the entire proteins. However, while recent advances in instrumentation have made top-down MS accessible to many laboratories, most computational tools for top-down MS focus on proteins with few PTMs and are unable to identify complex PTM patterns. We propose a new algorithm, MS-Align-E, that identifies both expected and unexpected PTMs in ultramodified proteins. We demonstrate that MS-Align-E identifies many protein forms of histone H4 and benchmark it against the currently accepted software tools.
Identifying Institutional Causes of Delay to Radical Cystectomy among Patients with High Risk Bladder Cancer Treated at a Tertiary Referral Center Using Process Map Analysis

AbstractIntroduction: Treatment delay among patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer is associated with reduced survival. With limited existing literature examining institutional causes of treatment delay, we identified such causes of delay to radical cystectomy among patients with high risk bladder cancer.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 176 patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy at our tertiary referral center in 2013 to 2014. Process mapping was used to define each step in the path to cystectomy and the time interval between each step was quantified. Patients experiencing treatment delay (more than 90 days to cystectomy or chemotherapy initiation) were identified and the causes of delay examined.Results: Median time from diagnosis to referral was 17 days (IQR 9–36). Following referral the urology and medical oncology evaluations occurred at a median of 5 (IQR 2–9) and 6 days (IQR 1–9), respectively. Median time from urological evaluation to transurethral resect...
Automatic segmentation of inorganic nanoparticles in BF TEM micrographs

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) represents a unique and powerful modality for capturing spatial features of nanoparticles, such as size and shape. However, poor statistics arise as a key obstacle, due to the challenge in accurately and automatically segmenting nanoparticles in TEM micrographs. Towards remedying this deficit, we introduce an automatic particle picking device that is based on the concept of variance hybridized mean local thresholding. Validation of this new segmentation model is accomplished by applying a program written in Matlab to a database of 150 bright field TEM micrographs containing approximately 2,000 nanoparticles. We compare the results to global thresholding, local thresholding, and manual segmentation. It is found that this novel automatic particle picking device reduces false positives and false negatives significantly, while increasing the number of individual particles picked on regions of particle overlap.
Localisation, Registration and Visualisation of MRS Volumes of Interest on MR Images

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) produces high resolution images of anatomical features such as brain tumours, due to the contrast indicators of different types of tissues. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) can provide the metabolic characterisation of tumours that MRI cannot. The combination of the elements of anatomical features and metabolic information are most useful in a clinical practice, particularly in the context of brain tumours where biopsy carries additional difficulties because of dangers inherent in inter-cranial surgery. The aim of this paper is to investigate how to combine MRI and MRS in the context of brain tumour research. The location of the MRS voxel can provide important diagnosis information of the tumour from both imaging and spectroscopy sides. A developmental framework has been implemented for the localization, registration and visualisation of MRS voxels with MRI images. The proposed work can be used for further image analysis and spectroscopy representation.
Chapter 26 – Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome refers to excessive proteinuria, with associated hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. A diverse spectrum of disorders has been associated with nephrotic syndrome and related neurologic complications, although the relative infrequency of these cases limits conclusive associations. Neurologic manifestations of nephrotic syndrome may result from hypoproteinemia, hypercoagulability, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, amyloid deposition, hormonal changes, or electrolyte disorders. Neurologic diagnosis hinges on prompt recognition of this syndrome and rational therapeutic strategies are aimed at the underlying systemic disorder.
An Approach for Interpretation of Group Overlaps in Market Segmentation Studies Using Graph Plots

Several useful approaches for interpreting multiple discriminant analysis (MDA), Including graph plots, have recently been illustrated for marketing researchers. In this paper, an extension of the traditional plotting procedures in MDA which allows the depiction of group overlaps as well as the differences among groups is developed and illustrated.
Selecting the Appropriate Treatment Modality for Ureteral Calculi

As one of the most common challenges encountered by the urologist, an in-depth understanding of the various treatment options for ureteral urolithiasis can facilitate safe and cost-effective care. The technological evolution in management options and its associated effect on treatment efficacy can make selecting the best option a challenge. This chapter aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on how to select an optimal treatment option for ureteral stones.
Human Susceptibility to Legionnaires’ Disease

Legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is an important cause of pneumonia. Although host factors that may predispose to acquisition of Legionnaire's Disease (LD) include comorbid illnesses (e.g., diabetes, chronic lung disease), age, male sex, and smoking, many individuals have no identifiable risk factors. Some studies suggest that genetic factors may enhance susceptibility to LD. In this chapter we discuss current techniques and scientific methods to identify genetic susceptibility factors. These genetic studies provide insight into the human immune response to intracellular pathogens and may improve strategies for treatment and vaccine development.
Patent Evaluation Based on Technological Trajectory Revealed in Relevant Prior Patents

It is a challenging task for firms to assess the importance of a patent and identify valuable patents as early as possible. Counting the number of citations received is a widely used method to assess the value of a patent. However, recently granted patents have few citations received, which makes the use of citation counts infeasible. In this paper, we propose a novel idea to evaluate the value of new or recently granted patents using recommended relevant prior patents. Our approach is to exploit trends in temporal patterns of relevant prior patents, which are highly related to patent values. We evaluate the proposed approach using two patent value evaluation tasks with a large-scale collection of U.S. patents. Experimental results show that the models created based on our idea significantly enhance those using the baseline features or patent backward citations.
Age Differences in the Effects of Speaking Rate on Auditory, Visual, and Auditory-Visual Speech Perception.

Objectives This study was designed to examine how speaking rate affects auditory-only, visual-only, and auditory-visual speech perception across the adult lifespan. In addition, the study examined the extent to which unimodal (auditory-only and visual-only) performance predicts auditory-visual performance across a range of speaking rates. The authors hypothesized significant Age × Rate interactions in all three modalities and that unimodal performance would account for a majority of the variance in auditory-visual speech perception for speaking rates that are both slower and faster than normal. Design Participants (N = 145), ranging in age from 22 to 92, were tested in conditions with auditory-only, visual-only, and auditory-visual presentations using a closed-set speech perception test. Five different speaking rates were presented in each modality: an unmodified (normal rate), two rates that were slower than normal, and two rates that were faster than normal. Signal to noise ratios were set individually to produce approximately 30% correct identification in the auditory-only condition and this signal to noise ratio was used in the auditory-only and auditory-visual conditions. Results Age × Rate interactions were observed for the fastest speaking rates in both the visual-only and auditory-visual conditions. Unimodal performance accounted for at least 60% of the variance in auditory-visual performance for all five speaking rates. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that the disproportionate difficulty that older adults have with rapid speech for auditory-only presentations can also be observed with visual-only and auditory-visual presentations. Taken together, the present analyses of age and individual differences indicate a generalized age-related decline in the ability to understand speech produced at fast speaking rates. The finding that auditory-visual speech performance was almost entirely predicted by unimodal performance across all five speaking rates has important clinical implications for auditory-visual speech perception and the ability of older adults to use visual speech information to compensate for age-related hearing loss.
Genomics and Chlamydial Persistence In Vivo.

We read with interest the recent paper by Somboonna and colleagues, addressing changes to tryptophan synthase in a single Chlamydia trachomatis strain that had an aberrant growth phenotype in vitro (1). This strain was isolated four times, over 4 years, from a patient who was apparently persistently infected. This strain was highly related to a serovar F strain isolated previously in their clinical setting. The authors use these strains to defend an association between in vivo persistence and a particular mutation at the 3′ end of the …
Online Reviews of Restaurants: Expectation-Confirmation Theory

Today, consumers’ engagement in the restaurant culture is defined by their involvement in posting online reviews. Drawing upon expectation-confirmation theory (ECT), this study examined whether and...
Chapter 5 – Basic Concepts in Human Molecular Genetics

Molecular diagnostics is the branch of laboratory medicine or clinical pathology that utilizes the techniques of molecular biology to diagnose disease, predict disease course, select treatments, and monitor the effectiveness of therapies. Molecular diagnostics is associated with virtually all clinical specialties and is a vital adjunct to several areas of clinical and laboratory medicine, but is most predominantly aligned with infectious disease, oncology, and genetics. The subject of this chapter is molecular genetics, which is concerned with the analysis of human nucleic acids as they relate to disease.
Satisfaction vs experienced utility: current issues and opportunities

Satisfaction is one of the most studied constructs in many fields, including tourism. As an important marketing metric, satisfaction is typically measured with self-reported retrospective evaluatio...
NoFaceContact: stop touching your face with NFC

Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, has spread rapidly and infected millions of people around the world. In addition to respiratory droplet spreading, a common mode of contraction of this virus is when individuals touch their face after coming into contact with a contaminated surface. In this poster, we leverage near-field communication (NFC) and propose a system design, NoFaceContact, which can promptly warn users when they attempt to touch their face with the aim of helping to reduce the spread of COVID-19 and improve overall hygiene. A proof-of-concept experiment shows that NoFaceContact can achieve an average communication distance of 8.07 cm and can potentially detect a wide range of face touching poses.
“One Minute for Your Mind”: The Development, Implementation, and Application of Our Mental Health Minute:

The dissemination of knowledge concerning psychological problems, practices, and perspectives is often within selective journals requiring a great deal of financial investment or psychological serv...
Designing research-based instructional materials that leverage dual-process theories of reasoning: Insights from testing one specific, theory-driven intervention

An introduction to curriculum design based on dual-process theories of reasoning using as an example the design of an intervention on Newton's second law.
Religiosity, Higher Purpose, and the Effectiveness of Intense Board Oversight

Using a novel measure, we study how the personal religiosity (or sense of higher purpose) of independent directors affects the effectiveness of their intense board oversight. We find that, relative to their non-religious counterparts, religious monitoring-intensive directors exhibit significantly lower sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance over a holding period of 1 year. However, for the more extended holding period of 2 years, this difference in sensitivity significantly switches direction, consistent with the “higher purpose, incentives, and economic performance” theory, which suggests that believers in higher purpose will tend to hold a longer-term perspective. We also find that religious monitoring-intensive directors further reduce both earnings management and excess total CEO compensation, especially when the lead independent director and/or a majority of the principal monitoring committee chairs are also religious. Overall, our findings show that religious monitoring-intensive directors differentially influence intense board oversight results and, thereby, help infuse or propagate a corporate culture consistent with an authentic organizational higher purpose.
Fostering Trauma-Informed and Eudaimonic Pedagogy in Music Education

The arts and entertainment sectors remain fragile because of the global pandemic. Unemployment, physical and emotional stress, social isolation, a loss of purpose, and a problematic future are just a sample of the ongoing traumas that music educators and practitioners experience under duress. As an inherently social activity, music-making becomes especially difficult when the threat of infection persists, further exacerbating somatic trauma and decreased health and wellness. The sudden loss of daily contact with others, coupled with multiple kinds of crises, complicates matters for educators. How does one flourish when their livelihood, personal connections, and sense of meaning-making disappear? Likewise, how ought the music educator navigate such uncertainty when teaching others? To address these issues, psychologists have often turned to Trauma-Informed Care (TIC), a collaborative model between the practitioner and client that recognizes and validates the impact of painful memories and experiences. This article advocates for a compassionate eudaimonic pedagogy model that prioritizes healing and self-care for teachers and students and cultivating an ethos of critical digital pedagogy—itself a form of eudaimonia. Drawing on Noddings’ (1992, 1995, 2002) Philosophy of Care, the article concludes with suggestions on future connections between eudaimonia and music education.
Acute Hypertensive Response in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Narrative Review.

Objective To review the role of the acute hypertensive response in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, current treatment options, and areas for further research. Methods Review of the literature to assess 1) frequency of acute hypertensive response in intracerebral hemorrhage; 2) consequences of acute hypertensive response in clinical outcomes; 3) acute hypertensive response and secondary brain injury: hematoma expansion and perihematomal edema; 4) vascular autoregulation, safety data side effects of acute antihypertensive treatment; and 5) randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses. Results An acute hypertensive response is frequent in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, it is not clear whether high blood pressure is a cause of poor clinical outcome or solely represents a marker of severity. Although current guidelines recommend intensive blood pressure treatment ( Conclusions Intracerebral hemorrhage is a heterogenous disease, thus, a one-fit-all approach for blood pressure treatment may be suboptimal. Further research should concentrate on finding subgroups of patients more likely to benefit from aggressive blood pressure lowering, considering intracerebral hemorrhage etiology, ultra-early randomization, and risk markers of hematoma expansion on brain imaging.
Measurement of Carbonization Traces Development by Partial Discharge Based on Distributed Voltage Signals

By the method of engraving a groove on the quartz glass plate, this paper artificially limits the development direction of carbonization channel, eliminating the interference of other directions. With the help of the distributed potential measurement system, and through actual measurement and simulation analysis, it is verified that the space charge generated by the discharge is the cause of the distortion of the distributed voltage waveform. Using the increment of waveform distortion measured at different positions, this paper gives a calculation method for calculating the position and the amount of space charge through theoretical formula derivation. Comparing the data which is calculated by this method in the test and the cardboard layered analysis, the correctness of calculation method is verified, and it is also proved that under this model, the position of space charge can largely characterize the length of the carbonization trace.
Executive compensation, management turnover, and firm performance: An empirical investigation

Abstract This paper investigates the internal managerial control mechanisms at the disposal of a corporation's compensation-setting board or committee. The hypotheses tested are that both compensation changes and management changes are methods used to control top management, and that the use of these control methods is motivated by changes in the firm's stock price performance. Public data from the period 1977–1980 support our hypotheses. We conclude that the firm's board creates managerial incentives consistent with those of the firm's owners, both by setting compensation and following management change policies which benefit shareholders.
Measuring work preferences: A multidimensional tool to enhance career self‐management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a multidimensional work preference research instrument, and to relate scores on these dimensions with subjects' real world work choices.Design/methodology/approach – Repeated samples of 1,002 and 975 adult subjects were used to identify 17 empirically derived constructs, using both EFA and CFA statistical applications. The CFA revealed measurement invariance among the predicted and measured constructs. The 17 validated constructs were culled from career development‐related psychology that has variously been identified with learning styles, work interests, work values, and temperament. Using a third sample of 590 subjects, MANOVA analyses of work preference scores were conducted with working adults, representing ten different types of work. When the scores on the 17 measures were compared with occupational choices made by the subjects, significant differences in outcomes were identified, indicating commonality within specific work types.Research limitatio...
Real Estate Returns and the Macroeconomy: Some Empirical Evidence from Real Estate Investment Trust Data, 1972-1991

This paper explores the relationship between the macroeconomy and real estate returns. Equity REIT data are used as a proxy for real estate returns; however, the equity REIT returns are regressed a...
Design of Seismic Joint for San Francisco Bay Tunnel

A prefabricated tunnel was constructed under San Francisco Bay for the Bay Area Rapid Transit System. The tunnel is in an area subject to earthquakes, and a flexible sliding joint was developed to permit differential movements between the tunnel sections and the ventilation buildings they were joined to. The joint permitted motions up to 6 in. in any direction along a vertical plane and 3 in. in a longitudinal direction. A research and development program of the joint was instituted prior to construction to insure the design assumptions were valid. Four separate joints were constructed for the project. The joints enable the tunnels to function properly in an area subject to earthquakes and also allows for differential settlement between the tunnel and the building.