cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Results of nonoperative management of acute limb ischemia in infants.

Abstract Objective Acute limb ischemia (ALI) in infants poses a challenge to the clinician secondary to poor operative outcomes, limb loss risk, and lifelong morbidity. This retrospective study reviewed a 10-year institutional experience with the nonoperative management of ALI in infants. Methods Infants (aged ≤12 months) diagnosed with ALI by duplex ultrasound and treated with initial nonoperative management at a tertiary care children's hospital were identified through vascular laboratory arterial duplex ultrasound records and International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology codes associated with ALI. Demographics of the patients, injury characteristics, treatment administered, and outcomes were abstracted by chart review and presented using descriptive statistics. Results During the study period, a total of 25 (28% female) infant patients were diagnosed with ALI. The average age for this cohort was 3.5 ± 3.2 months (standard deviation). Most cases were secondary to iatrogenic injury (88%) from arterial cannulation. Injury sites were more concentrated to the lower extremities (84%) compared with the upper. Absence of Doppler signals was noted in 64% of infants, whereas limb cyanosis was observed in 60% at the time of presentation. Infants were initially treated with anticoagulation (80%) when possible. Two patients failed to respond to nonoperative management and required thrombolysis secondary to progression of thrombus burden while anticoagulated. There were no major (above-ankle) amputations at 30 days. Three deaths occurred within 30 days; all were unrelated to limb ischemia. In the 30-day survivors, overall duration of follow-up was 53.5 ± 38.5 months. One infant required above-knee amputation 6 weeks after diagnosis, resulting in an overall limb salvage rate of 96% on follow-up. Long-term morbidity included two patients with a chronic wound of the affected limb and one patient with limb length discrepancy. No subjects reported claudication at the latest follow-up appointment. In addition, all patients were independently ambulatory except for one adolescent girl who was using a walker with leg braces. Conclusions In contrast to the adult population, ALI in infants can be managed with anticoagulation alone with good results. Long-term follow-up continues to demonstrate excellent functional results and minimal disability.
A low-computation-complexity, energy-efficient, and high-performance linear program solver based on primal–dual interior point method using memristor crossbars

Abstract Linear programming is required in a wide variety of application including routing, scheduling, and various optimization problems. The primal–dual interior point (PDIP) method is state-of-the-art algorithm for solving linear programs, and can be decomposed to matrix–vector multiplication and solving systems of linear equations, both of which can be conducted by the emerging memristor crossbar technique in O ( 1 ) time complexity in the analog domain. This work is the first to apply memristor crossbar for linear program solving based on the PDIP method, which has been reformulated for memristor crossbars to compute in the analog domain. The proposed linear program solver can overcome limitations of memristor crossbars such as supporting only non-negative coefficients, and has been extended for higher scalability. The proposed solver is iterative and achieves O ( N ) computation complexity in each iteration. Experimental results demonstrate that reliable performance with high accuracy can be achieved under process variations.
Competitiveness as a broad concept: definitions and methodologies in three industry contexts

Competitiveness is a widely used concept in management and international business that has been proposed and explained by various scholars and associations in significantly different ways. This article reviews the definitions, methodologies, aspects, and global contexts of competitiveness in the past 20 years by examining 45 studies on competitiveness. The contribution of this article is to illustrate the different understandings of competitiveness, introduce the most influential works, and present examples of current competitiveness in three industries: energy-intensive markets, the food industry, and the pharmaceutical industry. Also discussed are future directions for sustainable competitiveness and how environmental regulations can induce, rather than restrict, competitiveness.
Aspekte einer Mobil-Strategie

Mittlerweile vergeht kaum ein Tag, an dem in den Medien nicht uber mobile Gerate, die neuesten Apps, oder aber auch uber Sicherheits- und Datenschutzaspekte mobiler Technologien berichtet wird. Damit sind nicht nur spezielle Technologie-Blogs, sondern vor allem auch die allgemeinen Nachrichten, die Tagespresse und auch die Werbung gemeint. „Mobile” ist aus dem Alltag nicht mehr wegzudenken. Selbst S PIEGEL O NLINE spricht in einem seiner Leitartikel von den Herausforderungen einer fehlenden Mobil-Strategie.
Rhodococcus equi infection in a surgical wound.

A 35-year-old male presented with abdominal pain one month after receiving a routine ventral hernia repair. Over the course of two months, repeated wound cultures were ordered and eventually produced growth of Rhodococcus equi. Appropriate antibacterial therapy was initiated to resolve the infection. OBJECTIVES: Review the history, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of non-pulmonary R. equi infections; inform laboratory professionals of the possibility and severity of R. equi infections, and what can be done to facilitate prompt diagnosis and recovery. ABBREVIATIONS:ED= Emergency Department; WBC= White Blood Cell Count; BAP= Sheep9s Blood Agar Plate
Reassessing the Supreme Court: How Decisions and Negativity Bias Affect Legitimacy:

While the Supreme Court’s legitimacy is generally considered essential to its influence, scholars continue to debate whether the Court’s decisions affect individuals’ assessments of it. The last we...
The Chemistry of Isopropenyl Glycopyranosides. Transglycosylations and Other Reactions

Various anomerically pure isopropenyl α- and β-glycopyranosides have been synthesized and shown to undergo synthetically useful transglycosylation reactions with a variety of primary and secondary carbohydrate alcohols. Although stable when stored, isopropenyl glycosides are readily activated as glycosyl donors by a variety of electrophiles, including N-iodosuccinimide/triflic acid, trimethylsilyl triflate, and triflic anhydride. Under conditions that retard formation of the glycosyl cation, the reactivity of isopropenyl glycosides is diverted away from transglycosylation and toward electrophilic addition across the vinyl ether double bond.
Preschool Self-Regulation and Preacademic Skills as Mediators of the Long-Term Impacts of an Early Intervention.

This study explores children's early academic and self-regulatory skills as potential pathways through which a preschool enrichment program-the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP)-may contribute to low-income children's long-term outcomes (N = 466; Mage at baseline = 4.10 years). We find that CSRP's impact on high school grades may be partially explained by early gains in vocabulary and math skills. Although impacts on high school executive function (EF) were more equivocal, our results suggest that early improvements in math skills attributable to the intervention may, in turn, predict long-term gains in EF skills. These results complement the existing literature on preschool fade out, while also shedding light on the cross-domain relations between academic and self-regulatory skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Synthesis and characterization of thin film polyelectrolytes for solid-state lithium microbatteries

A critical challenge associated with the efficient fabrication of solid-state, three-dimensional microbatteries is the synthesis of conformal, solid-state thin film electrolytes. This study presents the synthesis of lithium ion conducting thin film polyelectrolytes based on poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol diacrylate) using initiated chemical vapor deposition. These films are transformed to lithium-bearing polyelectrolytes through an H+/Li+ ion exchange reaction in a 1M LiOCH3 solution in methanol. Infrared spectroscopy of the vibrational stretching modes associated with the carbonyl bond in methacrylic acid confirmed that the ion exchange was successful, and quantification by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that ion exchange was nearly 100% complete. Incorporation of the crosslinking comonomer ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) was necessary for physical stability of the film during the ion exchange process, and four polyelectrolyte compositions with varying crosslinking densities (ethylene glycol diacrylate content) were prepared to understand its role on ionic conductivity. The highest ionic conductivity was achieved in the polymer film with the lowest crosslinking density (9 mol. % EGDA); its conductivity was determined to be 6 × 10−9 S cm−1 at 20 °C and 1 × 10−5 S cm−1 at 100 °C. The activation energy for ionic conductivity was 0.88 eV. Using atomic force microscopy, the surfaces of thin film polyelectrolytes were shown to be continuous, smooth, and pinhole-free, suggesting that these films are suitable for integration into 3D microbatteries.
Cultural models of male body image, fat, and acceptable personhood among Euro-Americans and South Koreans

Based on a comparative study of Euro-American and South Korean college students’ cultural models of the ideal male body, I show that Euro-Americans and Koreans conceptualize fat in distinct ways related to each group’s cultural model of acceptable personhood. Drawing on cultural models theory and using cultural domain analysis and residual agreement analysis, I demonstrate that while Euro-Americans tend to view fat as a black-and-white moral issue through the perspective of “healthism,” Koreans understand fat to be a negative appearance trait within the more flexible, if discriminatory, lens of “lookism.” Because healthism invites mutually reinforcing moral and medical judgments of fat individuals, fatness becomes an index of aesthetic undesirability, compromised character, and danger, leading to fat stigma. On the other hand, the lens of “lookism” deems fatness as one of many potential physical flaws that can be corrected by dietary or surgical intervention and mitigated through self-maintenance practices. Therefore, under “lookism,” fatness invites negativity, but it does not index poor character except in the context of other undesirable traits. As a result, the concept of fat stigma may not adequately explain the treatment of fat in the Korean context.
Spatial and temporal behavioral differences between angler-access types

Abstract Recreational angler surveys typically collect information on how anglers access a fishery. Yet, it is unclear how this information is useful for fisheries management and conservation. The objective of this study was to compare behavior (e.g., party size, time fished, and numbers of fish released and harvested) of bank and boat anglers, representing two angler-access types. Bank and boat anglers were surveyed across 29 Nebraska waterbodies from April through October, 2007–2017. We documented behavioral differences between bank and boat anglers that varied as a function of waterbody size and season. Patterns of party size, time fished, and numbers of fish released and harvested for bank and boat anglers differed across extra small, small, medium, and large waterbodies and across spring, summer, and fall. How anglers choose to access a fishery appears to be a source of heterogeneity within angler populations. Accounting for these spatial and temporal behavioral differences between angler-access types will be important for designing and implementing management regulations. We predict that angler-access types may respond uniquely to different management actions (e.g., size and bag limits, access maintenance, and cleanliness of amenities) that could lead to local and regional changes within and across fisheries (e.g., shift the composition of angler-access types). Continued collection and assessment of angler-access information is warranted and should lead to improved management and conservation of recreational fisheries.
Axillary management for young women with breast cancer varies between patients electing breast-conservation therapy or mastectomy

Axillary treatment strategies for the young woman with early-stage, clinically node-negative breast cancer undergoing upfront surgery found to have 1–3 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) differ significantly after BCT and mastectomy. Here we compare axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and regional nodal irradiation (NRI) rates between women electing breast-conservation therapy (BCT) versus mastectomy. From 2010 to 2016, women age < 50 years with clinical T1-T2N0 breast cancer having upfront surgery and found to have a positive SLN were identified. ALND and/or NRI receipt were compared between groups. 192 women undergoing BCT and 165 undergoing mastectomy were identified (median age: 44 years). 5.2% (10/192) of women undergoing BCT had an ALND versus 87% (144/165) of women undergoing mastectomy (p < 0.01). NRI was given to 48% (78/165) of mastectomy patients compared to 30% (57/192) of BCT patients (p < 0.01). Of the 75 mastectomy patients with 1–2 total positive lymph nodes after completion ALND, 44% received NRI. Women undergoing mastectomy were significantly more likely to receive both ALND and NRI than women undergoing BCS (45% vs 6%, p < 0.01). Young cT1-2N0 breast cancer patients found to have 1–3 SLN metastases received ALND, NRI, and combined ALND/NRI more frequently if they elected mastectomy over BCT. Use of both ALND and postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in this population could be reduced in the future by omitting ALND in patients for whom the need for PMRT is clear with the finding of 1–2 SLN metastases.
An improved shotgun antisense method for mutagenesis and gene identification.

Shotgun expression of antisense cDNA, where each transformed cell expresses a different antisense cDNA, has been used for mutagenesis and gene identification in Dictyostelium discoideum. However, t...
A Mathematical Framework for Interconnected Systems Operating in a 1-D Network *

A technique to compute the global state space matrices of an interconnected one dimensional (1-D) network from input-output data or simply from output data of local systems with non-accessible inputs is investigated. First, a Hankel matrix carried out on the data allows, via low-rank truncation, the computation of full state matrices from which the global state transition and observation matrices of the network are obtained and its control matrix is obtained via a least-squares of an observability Gramian onto the data. Next, the state matrices of the local systems are extracted from the global state matrices of the network. The proposed technique is tested on radar data collected on a canonical target over 1 GHz bandwidth and 12.75 degree aspect angles where data from each frequency over the range of viewing angles is considered as output from a local system. The technique provides full state matrices that mimic well the true data, global state matrices that provide the trends depicted in truth and the state interconnections that give the dynamics of the local systems.
"I'm Not in the Mode to Help": Interface Design for Robots Operating at Varying Levels of Autonomy

Devices with multiple modes increase user stress, workload, and error rate. Robots that operate at multiple levels of autonomy offer a wide range of functions, but may increase error. In this work, we develop and test multimodal interfaces to communicate a robot's current level of automation to a user who is engaged in a high-workload task. Future studies will apply these findings to multiple-human, multiple-robot teams.
Polymeric nanofibrous scaffolds laden with cell-derived extracellular matrix for bone regeneration.

Abstract Bone tissue engineering aims to alleviate the shortage of available autograft material and the biological/mechanical incompatibility of allografts through fabrication of bioactive synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, these substitute grafting materials have insufficient biological potency that limits their clinical efficacy in regenerating large defects. Extracellular matrix, a natural tissue scaffold laden with biochemical and structural cues regulating cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis, may be a versatile supplement that can extend its biological functionality to synthetic grafts. Embedding decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) into synthetic polymers offers a promising strategy to enhance cellular response to synthetic materials, mitigate physical and mechanical limitations of dECMs, and improve clinical utility of synthetic bone grafts. Enriched with dECM biochemical cues, synthetic polymers can be readily fabricated into complex biocomposite grafts that mimic bone structure and stimulate endogenous cells to regenerate bone. In this study, cell-derived dECMs from osteoblast and endothelial cells were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) solutions for electrospinning dual-layer nanofibrous scaffolds with osteogenic and vascular cues. The study examined the bioactivity of dECM scaffolds in osteoblast cultures for cell number, mineral deposits, and osteogenic markers, as well as regeneration of cortical bone defect in a rat femur. Scaffolds with osteoblast dECM had a significantly robust osteoblast proliferation, Alizarin Red staining/concentration, and osteopontin-positive extracellular deposits. Implanted scaffolds increased bone growth in femoral defects, and constructs with both osteogenic and vascular cues significantly improved cortical width. These findings demonstrate the potential to fabricate tailored biomimetic grafts with dECM cues and fibrous architecture for bone applications.
Grounding climate governance through women’s stories in Oaxaca, Mexico

Constructions of women in the Global South, as poor and rural, portray them as most vulnerable and passive to the effects of environmental degradation. This conception has been informing institutio...
FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENTS’ CHOICE OF ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN GHANA NATIONAL INCLUSIVE BASIC SCHOOL

This study investigates factors that influence the choice of assistive technology of students with visual impairment at Ghana National Inclusive Basic Schools. The study discussed the available assistive technologies in the school, the preference of a particular assistive technology to others and challenges students faced in the use of assistive technology. The study is grounded on the human function model. The case study designed was adopted for the study. The sample size is 10 where participants were selected through the purposive technique. The main instrument used for data collection is interview. Results were analysed and discussed based on the key themes raised in the research questions. The study revealed that students’ choice of assistive technologies hinged on the availability of technology, parents’ ability to buy such technology, knowledge from rehabilitation centres and limited knowledge of students and teachers in operating them. The study recommended the provision of training for teachers and students, supply of assistive technology to schools, rehabilitation homes should expose students to newer technologies which will transcend to their use in classrooms. Assistive technology should match the unique needs of students. Article visualizations:
Supervisor Feedback and Employee Feedback Seeking Behaviors: Testing a Mediated Moderation Model

In this three-wave field study, we investigate how supervisor feedback affects employees’ subsequent feedback inquiry and monitoring behaviors. Drawing from Feedback Intervention Theory, we identif...
Comprehensive assessment of coronary computed tomography angiography by using Leaman and Leiden score in overweight and obese patients

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a non-invasive modality used to assess for coronary artery disease. The CT Leaman and Leiden scores utilize coronary plaque location, composition and severity of stenosis to risk stratify patients for cardiovascular events with remarkable precision. This study compares the CCTA Leaman and Leiden score between overweight and obese populations in addition to their associated baseline characteristics. All patients who underwent CCTA within the last 1 year from a single institution were included for initial analysis. Body mass index (BMI) was used to classify patients who were overweight (25.0 to 5 had significantly higher scores compared to overweight patients (10.22 ± 2.54 vs 5.87 ± 0.64, p = 0.016). Obese patients had similar average CT Leaman and Leiden scores compared to overweight individuals but were more likely to have higher CT Leiden scores > 5 which may indicate a higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Acute Encephalopathy Is Associated With Worse Outcomes In COVID-19 Patients.

Background Acute encephalopathy with COVID-19 has been reported in several studies but its impact on outcomes remains unclear. We hypothesized that hospitalized COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy have worse COVID-19 related outcomes. Methods We used TriNetX, with a large COVID-19 database, collecting real-time electronic medical records data. We included hospitalized COVID-19 patients since January 20, 2020 who had encephalopathy based on ICD-10 coding. We examined clinical outcomes comprising need for critical care services, intubation and mortality among these patients and compared it with patients without encephalopathy before and after propensity-score matching. Results Of 12,601 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, 1092 (8.7%) developed acute encephalopathy. Patients in the acute encephalopathy group were older (67 vs. 61 years) and had higher prevalence of medical co-morbidities including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, COPD, chronic kidney and liver disease among others. Before and after propensity score-matching for co-morbidities, patients with acute encephalopathy were more likely to need critical care services (35.6% vs. 16.9%, p < 0.0001), intubation (19.5% vs. 6.0%, p<0.0001) and had higher 30-day mortality (24.3% vs. 17.9%, p 0.0002). Conclusion Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute encephalopathy is common and more likely to occur in patients with medical co-morbidities and are more likely to need critical care, intubation and have higher 30-day mortality even after adjusting for age and underlying medical co-morbidities.
Considerations in Preparative Regimen Selection to Minimize Rejection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Transplantation in Non-Malignant Diseases

The variables that influence the selection of a preparative regimen for a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant procedure encompasses many issues. When one considers this procedure for non-malignant diseases, components in a preparative regimen that were historically developed to reduce malignant tumor burden may be unnecessary. The primary goal of the procedure in this instance becomes engraftment with the establishment of normal hematopoiesis and a normal immune system. Overcoming rejection becomes the primary priority, but pursuit of this goal cannot neglect organ toxicity, or post-transplant morbidity such as graft-versus-host disease or life threatening infections. With the improvements in supportive care, newborn screening techniques for early disease detection, and the expansion of viable donor sources, we have reached a stage where hematopoietic stem cell transplantation can be considered for virtually any patient with a hematopoietic based disease. Advancing preparative regiments that minimize rejection and transplant related toxicity will thus dictate to what extent this medical technology is fully utilized. This mini-review will provide an overview of the origins of conditioning regimens for transplantation and how agents and techniques have evolved to make hematopoietic stem cell transplantation a viable option for children with non-malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. We will summarize the current state of this facet of the transplant procedure and describe the considerations that come into play in selecting a particular preparative regimen. Decisions within this realm must tailor the treatment to the primary disease condition to ideally achieve an optimal outcome. Finally, we will project forward where advances are needed to overcome the persistent engraftment obstacles that currently limit the utilization of transplantation for haematopoietically based diseases in children.
Arrayed wide-angle camera system for wide field imaging and spectroscopy on ELTs: proof-of-concept on-sky test results on McDonald Observatory 2.7m telescope

The next generation Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) are promising a profound transformation of our understanding of the universe through large-scale surveys of a myriad of previously unseen astronomical objects across cosmic space-time. For such surveys, the ELTs will need a super-efficient field corrector (FC) that can expand their field of view over a broad wavelength range, thus enabling multi-object spectroscopy using multiple back-end instruments. Arrayed Wide-Angle Camera System (AWACS) is built on the segmented FC architecture that can break the limits of monolithic design in scaling to the ELTs and beyond. AWACS accomplishes desired field expansion via a suite of small cost-effective electro-opto-mechanical units over a telescope’s focal surface that compensates for telescope field aberrations and atmospheric dispersion, locally and simultaneously. We constructed a dual-unit proof-of-concept AWACS and tested the adaptive aberration correction on sky as detailed in this paper.
Changes in peripheral HCN2 channels during persistent inflammation.

Nociceptor sensitization following nerve injury or inflammation leads to chronic pain. An increase in the nociceptor hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih, is observed in many models of pathologi...
Treatment and Management of Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder typically associated with episodic memory loss as the initial symptom, but individuals <65 years old may present with executive dysfunction, word finding difficulties, or visual processing deficits. In those with AD, curative treatments are not available, but there are interventions which may modify disease course, symptom appearance and severity, enhance quality of life for patient and caregivers, and maintain safety. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions are important.
The Testing of Hypotheses: Experiment

Hypotheses are tested in several well-defined stages. First, attempts are made to discover evidence for or against an hypothesis by means of experiments. Second, mathematical calculations are made to try to discover evidence for or against the consistency of the hypothesis. Third, efforts are made to discover evidence by means of the predicting and controlling of phenomena, either experimentally or mathematically, or both. In the second stage the hypothesis is regarded as a theory, since it is in a stronger position for having survived the first stage, and in the third stage the theory is regarded as a law, since it is in a correspondingly stronger position still. We shall treat of the first stage in the present chapter and of the others in the next succeeding chapters.
Hernias in the Pediatric Population

Herniorrhaphy, including inguinal, umbilical, and others, comprise the majority of pediatric surgical cases performed each year. Despite the frequency of hernia repairs, many controversies regarding the repair still exist. Current concepts and controversies regarding the workup and treatment of the most commonly encountered hernias, including congenital abdominal wall defects, are discussed here.
Customization of the ETS Major Field test for assessment in small computer science departments

With support from MITC, several faculty members from Cornell College, DePauw University, Hope College, Kalamazoo College, and Ohio Wesleyan University are working on a project related to assessing student learning in computer science by administering a written examination to computer science majors. The idea involves asking computer science faculty members at selected small schools to look over a copy of the standard ETS Major Field Exam (we have permission from the ETS to do this) to identify a subset of the questions that are appropriate for computer science majors at "schools like ours." Faculty then use a web-based database (recently developed for us by MITC) to share information among small schools about our selection of questions.The database of faculty selections can be used in two ways. First, we believe it is useful for us each to see what topics our colleagues believe are most important when considered in the context of "schools like ours". Second, any GLCA/ACM school that is interested can administer the standard Major Field test to their computer science majors. The ETS can provide (for a fee of course) an "item analysis" for your school, telling you how your students performed on each question. Each school would then be able to develop an assessment metric such as: "We wish x% of our students at a particular level to be able to answer at least y% of the questions that at least z% of the GLCA/ACM faculty believe are important for students at schools like ours".Note that this approach allows us to take an existing metric and customize it so that it can be used more appropriately at schools that are similar to ours. This approach seems to be a good compromise between using internally developed metrics (which have the possibility of bias) and externally developed metrics (which may not be wholly applicable to computer science majors at small schools.)The database is now ready and faculty members on the project team have used it to enter rating information. During the spring 2005 faculty members will be using the database to assess student learning.Panelists will explain how each of their institutions have used the ETS exam and the accompanying database. They will also present their opinions on one or two sample questions from the ETS exam (if permissions is secured from ETS to discuss this in public, otherwise we will use sample questions).
General Care of Patients with Cancer Involving the Central Nervous System

The management of patients with malignancies involving the central nervous system (CNS) involves healthcare professionals from many disciplines. Physicians delivering primary care and emergency medicine are often the first consulted when patients present with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, change in mental status, focal deficits, or seizures. Thereafter, neuroradiologists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuropathologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, specialists in rehabilitation medicine, social workers, and nurses work together to determine an accurate diagnosis, initiate appropriate therapies, and provide optimal care. Unfortunately, despite aggressive therapies, most of these cancers prove fatal in a relatively short period of time. This requires that high quality palliative and pastoral care play an important role of the management of these patients and their families.
On the mechanism of enzyme action. 72. Comparative studies on trypsins of various origins.

Abstract Trypsins from beef, sheep, and pig are similar in certain respects; their catalytic properties, behavior toward ovomucoid inhibitor, and chromatographic pattern on CM-cellulose column are the same. Porcine trypsin is different from its bovine and ovine counterparts. The differences are striking in electrophoretic behavior and stability in alkaline media, i.e., the same properties which are known to be most affected through chemical modification. Porcine trypsin has a relatively lower electrophoretic mobility at pH 4.8 and high stability in alkaline media. These differences are attributed to structural variations. Each of the three enzymes could be chromatographically separated into two active components on a CM-cellulose column.
Applying Method to the Madness: An Empirical Analysis of California Budget Delays

California is notorious for its budget gridlock. From 1950 to 2008, the budget was adopted late 44 percent of the time. Although short delays have few consequences, delays in passage have become longer in the last two decades leading to more severe consequences, such as a lower credit rating and higher borrowing costs. The purpose of this paper is to systematically analyze late adoptions of the state budget and the factors responsible for them. I employ annual data from 1950 to 2008 and estimate regression models of the length of budget delays, controlling for economic conditions. This study reveals that divided government, party polarization, and revenue volatility, among other factors, prolong delays. Interestingly, budget gridlock is less pronounced in legislative election years when legislators seem to be fearful of voter retribution. I conclude by discussing potential reforms that could help the state avoid budget stalemates in the future.
Effect of mesenchymal glandular inductors on the growth and cytodifferentiation of neonatal mouse seminal vesicle epithelium.

: To investigate the developmental properties of glandular mesenchymal inductors along the cranial-caudal extent of the developing male urogenital tract, neonatal mouse seminal vesicle epithelium (SVE) was combined with mesenchyme of the seminal vesicle (SVM), urogenital sinus (UGM), bulbourethral gland (BUG- M), or bladder (BLM) and grafted under the renal capsule of adult syngeneic or athymic male mice. Both SVM + SVE and UGM + SVE tissue recombinants expressed SV histogenesis and SV secretory proteins. BUG-M + SVE recombinants exhibited extensive growth as evidenced by a 36-fold increase in wet weight and a 27-fold increase in DNA content; however, the glandular structures that were induced in the SVE lacked the convoluted mucosa typical of SV. Furthermore, neither SV nor prostatic secretory proteins were detected in these recombinants. SVE grown in association with BLM failed to develop altogether. Thus, the ability to promote SV histo-genesis and function is distinctly different in mesenchyme of cranial (SVM and UGM) versus caudal (BUG-M) regions. This implies the existence of a glandular inductive field in the developing male urogenital tract within which inductive activity varies regionally.
[2] Measurements of natural killer cell numbers and function in humans

Publisher Summary Circulating natural killer (NK) cells represent 5–15% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and are responsible for lysis of tumor or virus infected cell targets without prior sensitization or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction. Unlike T lymphocytes that require priming or sensitization by an antigen and that recognize small (9–20 amino acids) peptides presented in the groove of the MHC class I molecules, NK cells mediate spontaneous cytotoxicity that is MHC class I unrestricted. The nature of a receptor responsible for recognition by the NK cell of targets susceptible to lysis remains elusive, and the mechanisms of NK cell recognition and interaction of NK cells with their targets are still poorly understood.
Flower Color Microevolution in Wild Radish: Evolutionary Response to Pollinator‐Mediated Selection

Abstract: Evolutionary ecologists are fundamentally interested in how species interactions affect evolutionary change. We tested the degree to which plant‐pollinator interactions affect the frequency of flower color morphs of Raphanus sativus. Petal color in R. sativus is determined by two independently assorting loci, producing four petal colors (yellow, white, pink, and bronze). We assessed the impact of pollinator discrimination on changes in flower color variation by comparing the frequency of colors produced in the presence (open pollination) versus absence (null pollination) of pollinator discrimination. We also assessed the impact of postpollination and developmental effects on progeny colors using equal pollinations with all four color morphs. Our results from open pollinations found an overrepresentation of yellow progeny in the next generation, when compared with both null pollinations and cumulative ratios based on Hardy‐Weinberg and linkage equilibria assumptions. When these results were combi...
Flow dynamics and contaminant transport in industrial-type enclosing exhaust hoods.

The present study concerns the flow dynamics and associated contaminant transport in the near wake of a worker using an industrial-type benchtop enclosing hood. The primary focus is on evaluating the effects on the dynamics of the wake flow and the exposure level of various extraneous factors, such as the strength and direction of cross-drafts and the worker's body heat and shape. Three-dimensional Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulations were carried out for a model of a simple mannequin and a model of an anthropometric mannequin. Estimated flow patterns and concentrations near the simple mannequin were compared with the observations from concurrent smoke visualization experiments and with the experimental concentration measurements, respectively. Results for both visualizations indicated that the flow in front of the worker is dominated by dynamic vortical structures and that body heat may have negative effects on the exposure level, especially at low flow rates. Using simple rounded shapes ...
Thermodynamic properties of bcc solid3He near the ordering transitions

Abstract The melting pressure of magnetically ordered solid 3 He near the LFP-PP, HFP-PP and LFP-HFP transitions has been measured in various fields. The entropy in each phase and the discontinuity across the transition are obtained from dP/dT. In the LFP, we find a weak field-dependence of the entropy. This indicates that the magnetization is almost temperature-independent. The entropy discontinuity, ΔS/Rln2, at the LFP-PP transition changes from 0.42 for B=0 to 0.38 for B=0.39T. The magnetization discontinuity across the LFP-PP phase boundary, ΔM/M sat , obtained from ΔS and the slope dT N /dB, is found to be proportional to the magnetic field. The measurements are also extended to LFP-HFP and HFP-PP transitions.
Optical Design with Inhomogenous Resonant Guided Wave Networks

Resonant guided wave networks enable the design of enhanced Q-factor resonators; optical materials with network architecture-dependent wave dispersion; and a two color router.
A theorem on totally multiplicative functions

In this paper we resolve in the affirmative a conjecture of Emma Lehmer that there are exactly two totally multiplicative functions F taking on values ±1, with F(2)=+1, for which there are no positive integers a,a+2, a+3 with F(a)=F(a+2)=F(a+3)=+1.
Spectral bounds for the clique and independence numbers of graphs

Abstract We obtain a sequence k1(G) ≤ k2(G) ≤ … ≤ kn(G) of lower bounds for the clique number (size of the largest clique) of a graph G of n vertices. The bounds involve the spectrum of the adjacency matrix of G. The bound k1(G) is explicit and improves earlier known theorems. The bound k2(G) is also explicit, and is shown to improve on the bound from Brooks' theorem even for regular graphs. The bounds k3,…, kr are polynomial-time computable, where r is the number of positive eigenvalues of G.
No through Traffic: Modeling Tau Inhibition of Kinesin Motility

While the microtubule associated protein Tau is known to be a potent inhibitor of kinesin-1 motility, our recent experimental work has demonstrated that kinesin-2 is insensitive to the presence of Tau under identical conditions. Furthermore, we have shown that sensitivity to Tau is dependent on the contour length of kinesin's neck-linker, which is longer in kinesin-2 than kinesin-1. We hypothesize that kinesin-2's longer neck-linker allows it to bypass obstacles on the microtubule surface by side-stepping to an adjacent protofilament, while kinesin-1, with its shorter neck-linker, is limited to tracking a single protofilament and therefore is susceptible to disruption of motility by microtubule-associated proteins, such as Tau. However, kinesin-2's longer neck-linker has also been shown to account for its decreased processive run length along the microtubule surface relative to kinesin-1, which may also contribute to kinesin-2's insensitivity to Tau. To distinguish between these possibilities, we have developed a simple stochastic model of kinesin motility in the presence of Tau, with Tau behaving as a point-wise steric inhibitor. When calibrated with the well-characterized kinesin-1 behavior, our simulations predict a resolvable inhibition of kinesin-2 motility, an observation that is not supported by our experimental results. Thus, the observed insensitivity of kinesin-2 to Tau inhibition is directly related to its ability to navigate around obstacles on the microtubule surface and not merely an artifact of its decreased processive run length.
Tracking a magnetic nanoparticle in 3-D with a magnetic force microscope

In this paper we introduce a scheme for tracking a magnetic nanoparticle in 3-D with the tip of a magnetic force microscope. The stray magnetic field of the magnetic particle induces a shift in the phase of oscillation of the tip of the MFM. We present a feedback control law which translates the measurement of this phase shift into actuator commands to the MFM and prove that the trajectory of the tip converges to a neighborhood of the magnetic particle. This geometric control law depends only on the derivative of the potential along the trajectory of the tip and in particular does not rely on any detailed prior knowledge about the nanoparticle. The results of simulation studies are shown to illustrate the algorithm.
Who Wants to Globalize? Consumer Tastes and Labor Markets in a Theory of Trade Policy Beliefs

Although the allure of consumption is the engine of globalization, political economists have tended to ignore varying consumer tastes as a potential source of beliefs about trade policy. This article develops a theory of trade policy preferences that adds the notion of varying consumer tastes to the standard labor-market application of the Heckscher-Ohlin trade model. The theory, which can explain trade preferences both across individuals and countries, is supported by an empirical analysis of survey data from 41 nations. Heavy consumers of exportables are found to be more protectionist than heavy consumers of imports and import-competing goods. Moreover, citizens in countries with expensive tradable goods see trade liberalization as a remedy to the rents they pay for protectionism. Other findings also support the more conventional labor-market side of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.
Forced Choices and Self‐Defence

This paper is a reply to three objections raised by Seumas Miller against a ‘forced-choice’account of the morality of self-defence. It is argued that Miller's first objection rests on a misconception of how the forced-choice account is supposed to work; that his second objection is simply mistaken; and that his third objection overlooks how the forced-choice account explicitly accommodates the moral difference between self-defence and ‘other-defence.’Finally, it is suggested that Miller's entire approach is defective in its failure to examine the principle of justice which underlies the forced-choice account, and whether it applies to standard self-defence situations.
Regions of asymptotic stability for distributed parameter systems

Abstract A Liapunov-collocation technique is proposed for the analysis of regions of asymptotic stability (RAS) in distributed parameter systems whose unsteady state behavior is described by a system of parabolic partial differential equations. First, the collocation method is used to reduce the partial differential equations to an approximately equivalent set of ordinary differential equations. Second, Liapunov's Direct Method is used to estimate the RAS in collocation space. Finally, points from the boundary of the Liapunov RAS are mapped into profile space to yield the RAS boundary profiles. The technique was used to obtain regions of asymptotic stability for the catalyst particle with slab geometry. The method generated RAS boundaries in profile space that reflected the effects of profile shape and the relative signs of concentration and temperature disturbances.
EDUCATION FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE: PROVOCATIONS AND CHALLENGES

Abstract In this essay review of three recent edited books (Greg Dimitriadis and Dennis Carlson’s Promises to Keep: Cultural Studies, Democratic Education, and Public Life; Nadine Dolby and Greg Dimitriadis’s Learning to Labor in New Times; and Francisco Ibanez-Carrasco and Erica Meiner’s Disruptive Readings on Making Curriculum Public), Kathy Hytten reflects on the relation among education, democracy, and social justice. She argues that in our current climate, progressive educators need a more powerful and compelling educational discourse that foregrounds issues of social justice. The three books under review in this essay provide a number of resources for this discourse. Hytten explores these contributions in relation to the theories that animate education for social justice, in particular, critical pedagogy, globalization theory, and cultural studies. In the end, she revisits the vision and promise of education for social justice, considering what these edited collections offer, reflecting on their gaps and weaknesses, and providing some direction for what kind of work we still need to make social justice a reality.
The impact of salary differentials on teacher shortages and turnover: The case of mathematics and science teachers

Abstract One of the major focuses of the recent reform movement in education concerns perceived and anticipated teacher shortages, especially in particular fields such as mathematics and science. It is widely believed that lower salaries relative to alternative occupations are responsible for teacher shortages and that higher salaries will therefore help reduce shortages. Yet there is little empirical research that examines the relationship between teacher shortages and teacher salary differentials. This paper examines this relationship for the case of mathematics and science teachers using data on a sample of medium and large school districts located within large metropolitan areas throughout the United States. The results support the general proposition that salary differentials between teachers and alternative occupations influence teacher shortages, although the relationship varies by gender and geographic area of the U.S.
A Magnetic Tunnel Junction based True Random Number Generator with conditional perturb and real-time output probability tracking

This work experimentally demonstrates for the first time a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) based on the random switching probability of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs). A conditional perturb and real-time output probability tracking scheme is proposed to enhance the reliability, speed, and power consumption while maintaining a 100% bit efficiency.
Heat flow in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, and the Sierra Nevada–Basin and Range transition

Heat-flow measurements made in Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, demonstrate that the transition from subnormal heat flow in the Sierra Nevada to above-normal heat flow in the Basin and Range province occurs west of the assumed physiographic boundary between these two areas, contrary to earlier belief. In addition, these data, together with data of other workers, clearly reveal the sharpness of this transition, which suggests that the causative thermal sources and (or) sinks must be restricted to depths not greater than the uppermost mantle. The way in which heat-flow data constrain the current hypotheses of crustal structure and evolution of the Sierra Nevada-Basin and Range provinces is illustrated with a tectonic model that employs a post-Cretaceous shallow-dipping subduction zone beneath the Sierra Nevada and an active upper-mantle diapir under the Basin and Range province during late Cenozoic time.