cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proposal for a simple synthesis prognostic staging system in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Abstract purpose: Several prognostic models or staging systems have been published that identify different risk groups in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The aims of this study were (1) to test, in an independent population, the prognostic reproducibility of these staging systems; and (2) to develop a synthesis staging system that could be easily applied in clinical practice. patients and methods: A total of 406 patients with newly diagnosed Ph-positive CML were evaluated by the four published staging systems of Tura, Cervantes, Sokal, and our group. The proposed synthesis staging system was developed based on the most consistent prognostic characteristics, and the presence or absence of accelerated disease features at diagnosis. The staging systems were compared according to their ability to classify patients according to survival outcome, as well as by looking for differences of survival outcomes within a specific stage of a defined system, when patients in this stage were subclassified by a second staging system. results: Whereas the staging system of Cervantes et al identified only two prognostic groups (median survivals of 49 versus 40 months; p=0.01), the remaining three staging systems were able to segregate patients into stage 1, 2, and 3 risk groups with respective median survivals of 56 to 57, 41 to 42, and 28 to 36 months, respectively (p conclusion: The predictive prognostic capacity of three of the four published staging systems was confirmed in this independent or test population. The new proposed staging system was superior to the staging systems of Tura and Sokal in identifying different prognostic subgroups.
Psychopathology in Anorexia Nervosa and Depression

Abstract It has been hypothesized that anorexia nervosa is characterized by ineffectiveness, interpersonal distrust, and lack of interoceptive awareness. The Eating Disorder Inventory differentiates patients with anorexia nervosa from weight-preoccupied women on the basis of these subscales. To test further the specificity of these characteristics to anorexia nervosa, the Eating Disorder Inventory scores of 20 adolescent girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa were compared with those of 21 girls with major depression and 21 girls with both anorexia nervosa and depression. Analyses of variance and discriminant function analysis revealed no significant differences in the scores of the three groups. By 2-year followup, subjects initially diagnosed with only anorexia nervosa showed less psychopathology than those with an additional diagnosis of depression. These findings raise further questions about the overlap between depression and anorexia nervosa and leave open the question of characteristic psychological features in anorexia nervosa. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 1992, 31, 5:841–843.
Production of exotic E6 leptons in ep collisions

Abstract We consider the possibility of producing single, charged E 6 exotic leptons in ep collisions at high energies via flavor-changing couplings to neutral gauge bosons. We find that at HERA energies the production rate for these particles is quite small due to small mixing effects. At higher energies, as may be possible at a LEP ep collider, the production rates become reasonably large: ⋍100–1000 events per year.
Effect of relative humidity on onset of capillary forces for rough surfaces

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the adhesion forces between silicon nitride AFM probes, hydrophilic stainless steel, and hydrophobic Perspex® (polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA). In addition, AFM-based phase contrast imaging was used to quantify the amount and location of adsorbed water present on these substrates at RH levels ranging from 15% to 65% at 22°C. Both the adhesion forces and the quantities of adsorbed moisture were seen to vary with RH, and the nature of this variation depended on the hydrophobicity of the substrate. For the Perspex®, both the adhesion force and the amount of adsorbed moisture were essentially independent of RH. For the stainless steel substrate, adsorbed moisture increased continuously with increasing RH, while the adhesion force rose from a minimum at 15% RH to a broad maximum between 25% and 35% RH. From 35% to 55% RH, the adhesion force dropped continuously to an intermediate level before rising again as 65% RH was approached. The changes in adhesion force with increasing relative humidity in the case of the stainless steel substrate were attributed to a balance of effects associated with adsorbed, sub-continuum water on the cantilever and steel. Hydrogen bonding interactions between these adsorbed water molecules were thought to increase the adhesion force. However, when significant quantities of molecular water adsorbed, these molecules were expect to decrease adhesion by screening the van der Waals interactions between the steel and the cantilever tip, and by increasing the separation distance between these solid surfaces when they were 'in contact'. Finally, the slight increase in adhesion between 55% and 65% RH was attributed to true capillary forces exerted by continuum water on the two solid surfaces.
Ce 4f-LIGAND DEHYBRIDIZATION IN CeT2X2-BASED KONDO LATTICE/HEAVY FERMION SYSTEMS

The lattice parameters of two CeT2X2 (T=3d transition elements and X=Si and Ge) based Kondo lattice systems, the CeNi2-xCux Si2 and Ce(NiSi)2-x (CuGe)x, have been studied. The analysis of the Ce-ligand distances indicates that the variation of the a-parameter dominantly affects Ce 4f-X ligandn orbital hybridization whereas the variation of c-parameter dominantly affects Ce 4f-T ligand orbital hybridization. The average Ce-ligand distance varies linearly with x across the whole series in spite of the abnormal increase of the c-parameter in the region 1.6 ≤ x ≤ 2.0. Thus, our analysis shows that the average Ce 4f-ligand orbital hybridization decreases uniformly with x across the entire range of x for the CeNi2-xCuxSi 2 and Ce(NiSi)2-x(CuGe)x series. The means that the Ce 4f-ligand orbital dehybridization may not be a key factor to the formation of the heavy-fermion ground state in CeCu2Si2.
Machiavellian characteristics among nurses

The study of Machiavellian traits in the research literature represents a significant variable that affects professional career choice and behavior in the work environment. This research examines the following hypotheses: 1. the degree of Machiavellian orientation will be the same for hospital nursing administrators and nurse educators; and 2. head nurses will reveal high Machiavellian scores.
Effects of endothelin receptor antagonists on bradykinin-induced increases in macromolecular efflux

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of endothelin receptor antagonists on agonist-induced increases in macromolecular extravasation in the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. We used intravital fluorescent microscopy and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran; mol wt = 70 K) to examine extravasation from postcapillary venules in response to bradykinin and endothelin before and following application of inhibitors of endothelin receptors (ETAB and ETA). Increases in extravasation of macromolecules were quantitated by counting the number of venular leaky sites. Bradykinin (0.5 and 1.0 microM) and endothelin-1 (0.01 and 0.1 nM) produced a dose-related increase in the number of venular leaky sites and superfusion of PD 142893 (ETAB antagonist), and PD 147953 and BQ-123 (ETA antagonists) significantly decreased bradykinin- and endothelin-induced responses. Addition of calcium to the superfusate restored bradykinin-induced increases in venular leaky sites in the presence of endothelin receptor antagonism. Thus, the findings of the present study suggest that endothelin receptor antagonists abrogate bradykinin- and endothelin-induced increases in macromolecular efflux from postcapillary venules. The mechanism for the effects of endothelin receptor antagonists appears to be related to inhibition of the ETA receptor which, in turn, alters the mobilization of calcium across venular endothelium.
A one-parameter family of unimodal, concave, polynomial maps of the interval exhibiting multiplicities

This paper shows there exists a polynomial map, p, of the interval [0, 1] onto itself that is concave, symmetric about the point x = 12 and such that, when parameterized {@mp}, 0 @? @m @? 1, there exist three distinct values of the parameter @m"0 K(@m"1p) K(@m"2p) = RLR^3C. There is also given an explicit construction of a C^1 family with the same properties.
Cytomegalovirus Viremia During Campath-1H Therapy for Relapsed and Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Prolymphocytic Leukemia

Campath-1H is effective therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL), but it is associated with profound lymphopenia and deficiencies in cell-mediated immunity. We report the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in 34 patients treated with Campath-1H for relapsed or refractory CLL and PLL. All patients received infection prophylaxis during therapy and continuing for at least 2 months following Campath-1H. Five patients (15%) developed CMV viremia at a median of 28 days (range, 20-30 days) after the first dose of Campath-1H. The median CMV viral load was 860/mL (range, 420-2100/mL), as determined by quantitative plasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All 5 patients had a temperature > 38.5 degrees C, normal chest radiographs, normal liver function tests, and negative bacterial blood cultures with no clinical evidence of CMV disease at the time of presentation with CMV viremia. The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 740/ microL (range, 340-1600/ microL), and the median absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) was 16/microL (range, 11-169/ microL) for the 5 patients at the time of CMV viremia. All 5 patients received ganciclovir therapy followed by prompt fever resolution and clearance of CMV viremia by plasma PCR. By univariate regression analysis, the following were not risk factors for CMV viremia: age, number of prior regimens, prior rituximab therapy, prior splenectomy, modified Rai stage at Campath-1H therapy (low/intermediate vs. high), ANC, and ALC; although, there was a trend towards significance for prior rituximab therapy (P = 0.07). Cytomegalovirus viremia may be a significant infectious complication during Campath-1H therapy and should be investigated further in future studies.
Studies on the ability of embryonic mesonephros explants to form cartilage

Abstract Explants of chick embryonic mesonephros consistently form cartilage in culture. The chondrogenic region of the mesonephros is restricted to the area of the limb primordia. The mesonephros from this region not only enhanced cartilage formation in explanted limb buds, but apparently contributed cells to the limb cartilage. The experiments suggest that cells associated with the mesonephros may be eventual participants in limb or girdle development, and not really a part of the mesonephros.
The comatose patient, the ontology of death, and the decision to stop treatment

In this paper I address three problems posed by modern medical technology regarding comatose dying patients. The first is that physicians sometimes hide behind the tests for whole-brain death rather than make the necessary human decision. The second is that the tests themselves betray a metaphysical judgment about death that may be ontologically faulty. The third is that discretion used by physicians and patients and/or family in deciding to cease treatment when the whole-brain death criteria may not be met are sometimes open to challenge. In each of these problems I find that the operative concept of death relates to life itself. This point is expanded by examining the uses of the word ‘death’ in our language and culture. From these I formulate an initial ontology of death. In it, death is described through a relationship with life, rather than as an absence of life, of consciousness, awareness, or sensation. This ontology then leads to a proposal for an ethics of discretion about the discontinuation of treatment for comatose patients.
The ventricular A wave: a new echocardiographic index of late diastolic filling of the left ventricle

Echocardiography was used to evaluate the late diastolic filling period of the left ventricle in 30 normal individuals, 25 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, normal sinus rhythm, and either a normal or delayed mitral valve closure, and 15 patients with atrial fibrillation. The echocardiographic ventricular A wave (VAW) was defined as the difference between the end-diastolic and an earlier late-diastolic internal left ventricular dimension, and it was felt to primarily reflect the atrial contribution to late diastolic filling of the left ventricle. It disappeared during ventricular pacing and was significantly smaller than normal in patients with atrial fibrillation. The VAW was significantly larger in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and normal mitral valve closure reflecting the greater contribution by atrial contraction to late diastolic filling in these patients. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and delayed mitral valve closure, the VAW was normal reflecting lesser ventricular enlargement with atrial contraction than in the other patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. This suggested a greater impairment to left ventricular filling in these patients. Therefore, the VAW appears to be an indicator of abnormalities of late diastolic filling caused by left ventricular hypertrophy.
Importance of the local constraint in slave-boson theories.

Slave bosons are commonly introduced in order to implement an infinite Hubbard [ital U] by means of a local constraint. The usual starting point for investigations within this scheme is a mean-field theory in which the constraint is taken to be global. This approximate treatment of the constraint is studied in the context of a two-band Hubbard model, and it is shown that (i) the ground state has a significant number of doubly occupied sites, despite the infinite on-site repulsion in the original model, and (ii) there is an unphysical tendency for pairing. However, it is found that if the [ital local] constraint is retained for the insulator at half filling, then mean-field theory gives the correct result that the double occupancy is zero.
Influence of meal frequency and timing on physical activity and body weights of rats.

SummaryRats fed from 8 to 10 am exhibited the same total physical activity per day as did ad libitum fed rats. Likewise rats fed from 7 to 9 pm did not alter their total activity. As expected, all rats were most active when the lights were out. A shift in time of feeding did not influence body weight gain or epididymal fat pad weights of the rats. An interaction between meal-timing and physical activity in the control of body weight was not evident in the present study with rats.
Relation of quantitative coronary lesion measurements to the development of exercise-induced ischemia assessed by exercise echocardiography

To assess the relation of quantitative measures of coronary stenoses to the development of exercise-induced regional wall motion abnormalities, 34 patients with isolated, single vessel coronary artery lesions and normal wall motion at rest underwent exercise echocardiography and quantitative angiography on the same day. Although all 11 patients with a visually estimated stenosis ≥75% had an ischemic response and 10 (91%) of 11 patients with a ≤25% visually estimated stenosis had a normal response by exercise echocardiography, among 12 patients with a visually estimated stenosis of 50%, 6 (50%) had an ischemic response and 6 (50%) had a normal exercise echocardiogram. Quantitative measurements of stenosis severity distinguished patients with ischemic (group 1) from normal (group 2) exercise echocardiographic responses as follows: minimal luminal diameter (mm), group 11.0 ± 0.4 versus group 21.7 ± 0.4, p < 0.0001; minimal cross-sectional area (mm2), group 1 0.9 ± 0.6 versus group 2 2.5 ± 1.1, p < 0.0001; percent diameter stenosis, group 1 68.3 ± 14,2 versus group 2 42.2 ± 12.1, p < 0.0001; and percent area stenosis, group 1 87.5 ± 7.8 versus group 2 64.8 ± 15.9, p < 0.0001. These data validate the utility of exercise echocardiography by demonstrating that 1) coronary stenosis severity measured by quantitative angiography is closely related to wall motion abnormalities detected by exercise echocardiography, and 2) exercise echocardiography can be used as a noninvasive means to assess the physiologic significance of coronary artery lesions. (J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:1043-51)
Fusion materials: The U. S. program

The objective of the materials program is to establish a materials data base for the design, fabrication and operation of components, and systems for fusion activities, present and future. The U.S., Department of Energy is utilizing reactor design studies to aid in defining the critical issues. They also utilize a broad spectrum of expertise, universities, labs, industry and international cooperation. Design studies such as the STARFIRE reactor study are used. The author comments that in the future, if materials like ferritics and other alloys are to be examined and looked at in the proper fusion spectrum, a neutron source of the right fluence that has a spectrum appropriate for this kind of testing has to be generated. The device they've been studying is the FMIT. The test facility which has been constructed is called PISCES. The author concludes that a study of the critical issues identified for tritium breeders, solid and liquid metals, are needed.
Cancer vaccines targeting the HER2/neu oncogenic protein

Several advances in basic immunology over the last few years have forced a re-evaluation of cancer vaccine development. The most important finding has been that human tumors are immunogenic. The HER2/neu oncogenic protein is a tumor antigen. Existent antibody, helper T-cell, and cytotoxic T-cell immunity to HER2/neu have been detected in patients with cancer. The HER2/neu protein is an excellent therapeutic target for the immune system. Passive immunotherapy strategies, such as the infusion of monoclonal antibodies specific for HER2/neu, have been shown to be of clinical benefit in patients with HER2/neu-overexpressing malignancies. Inducing an active immune response by generating endogenous HER2/neu-specific antibodies and T cells may result in long-lived immunity and, hopefully, therapeutic benefit. In the majority of patients with pre-existent HER2/neu immunity, the antigen-specific antibodies and T cells detected are of low magnitude. Therefore, vaccine strategies aimed at boosting immunity already present may be effective in generating significant levels of HER2/neu-specific antibodies and T cells.
Boundary-element analysis of planar drop deformation in confined flow. Part 1. Newtonian fluids

Abstract A boundary element formulation is presented for the general two-dimensional simulation of confined two-phase incompressible creeping Newtonian flow (visco-elastic elaids will be considered in a second part). The method requires the solution of two simultaneous integral equations on the interface between the two fluids and the confining solid boundary. The method is illustrated through the simulation of the deformation of a drop as it is driven by the ambient flow inside a convergent channel. The accuracy and convergence of the method are assessed by varying the time increment for a given number of boundary elements. The influences of the degree of channel convergence and viscosity ratio are investigated. Circular as well as elliptic initial drops are also considered.
Sustainability, Exceptionalism, and Exemptionalism

Sustainable use of the planet is based on the assumption that social evolution and changed human behavior can produce a sustainable society. This paradigm is vastly different from the notion that humans possess a common set of rigid, genetically specified behavioral predilections that are unlikely to be altered by circumstances. This manuscript examines two beliefs that are arguably root causes of the present human predicament. Exceptionalists believe that some humans are vastly exceptional to most humans and, as a consequence, are entitled to a markedly disproportionate share of the planet's resources. In addition, humans are regarded as entitled to a vastly disproportionate share of the planet's resources compared with other species, for the same reason. Exemptionalists believe that human ingenuity, technology, and creativity free them from the iron laws of nature that limit and control other species. Both views constitute major obstacles to achieving sustainable use of the planet and require rigorous reexamination if sustainability is to be achieved.
Analyzing Voice Quality in Popular VoIP Applications

Voice over IP (VoIP), which provides real-time speech communication between two users in a way that closely resembles a face-to-face conversation, has had a significant impact on the multibillion-dollar telecommunication industry. The promise of less expensive phone calls with comparable quality and better features than public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) has accelerated VoIP's adoption, both in businesses and homes. Its better integration with various forms of collaborative communications, such as instant messaging, email, and voicemail, has made it suitable for future communication solutions, but there remain several issues that are unique to VoIP systems and require further analysis.
Cardiovascular response to unilateral electroconvulsive therapy

Few studies have examined the cardiovascular response to pulse unilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) performed using modern techniques. In this study of 30 patients (mean age 62 years) with major depression, we determined the effects of pulse unilateral ECT on cardiac work load using the rate-pressure product (RPP), a product of pulse and systolic blood pressure. The mean RPP across all ECT treatments increased by an average of 96% from pre-ECT baseline, with the maximal RPP occurring typically during the seizure. The amount of increase in RPP did not differ significantly over the course of treatments. The increase in RPP was significantly and inversely related to baseline RPP, such that subjects with the highest baseline RPPs actually had smaller increases in RPP during the ECT treatments. The mean percent change in RPP was not associated with age, sex, presence of cardiovascular disease, ECT stimulus charge, EEG seizure duration, or amnestic side effects. There was a trend (p = 0.06), however, for the mean increase in RPP to be greater in responders (100% increase, n = 25) than in nonresponders (76% increase, n = 5). The potential relationship of clinical outcome to the increase in RPP suggests that both factors may be manifestations of the physiological intensity of the ECT-induced seizure.
Untersuchungen zur Verhütung der experimentellen allergischen Encephalomyelitis

Es wird uber Untersuchungen zur Verhutung der experimentellen allergischen Encephalomyelitis auf immunologischem Wege berichtet Die Analyse der an Mausen und Meerschweinchen erzielten Ergebnisse deutet darauf hin, das mit der gewahlten Technik — Schutz durch infantile Injektionen von homologem Hirnbrei in Adjuvant — wahrscheinlich keine immunologische Toleranz erzielt wurde. Vielmehr deuten klinische und pathologische Befunde darauf hin, das die gefundene Schutzwirkung auf einem endokrinologischen Phanomen, namlich einer Aktivierung der Nebennierenfunktionen, beruht.
Health risk behaviors and work injury among hispanic adolescents and farmworkers.

Adolescents may engage in health risk behaviors that increase their likelihood of injury. Employment places adolescents at risk of work-related injuries. This study responds to the paucity of data on the relationship between adolescent health risk behaviors and work-related injury. This cross-sectional study included the administration of anonymous surveys to ninth graders (n=4914) who attended high schools in south Texas. An aggregate risk score (ARS) was developed based on health risk behaviors. The ARS was analyzed as an outcome using linear regression. Associations between health risk behaviors and work-related injury were assessed with logistic regression. Of the respondents, 19% reported they had a job, and 14% reported that they had been employed in farmwork. Farmwork-related injury was reported by 9% of adolescents, and 12% reported other work-related injury. Mean ARS scores were significantly higher (p Language: en
A central limit theorem for non-instantaneous filters of a stationary Gaussian Process

Abstract A central limit theorem for a class of non-instantaneous filters of a stationary Gaussian process is proved and it is applied to study the limiting distributions of the number of zero-crossings.
A new sensing system to monitor abrasive waterjet nozzle wear

Abstract A wear sensor system for direct and almost on-line tracking the wear of an abrasive waterjet (AWJ) nozzle is proposed. The wear sensor is based on the conductive loops which will be placed on the ceramic's substrate and embedded on the tip of the nozzle. At the heart of this wear sensor system is a wear sensor probe which includes conductive loops divided into four sections. In this arrangement, each conductive loop includes a wearable conductive portion embedded at a particular location within the tip of the AWJ nozzle. The integrity or wear condition of the AWJ nozzle is indicated by the electrical closed or open circuit condition of each conductive loop. The continuity status of each wear sensor probe is converted to logic one or logic zero digital data information which are sampled periodically by a central processing unit (CPU) for providing a visual or audible indication in response to a predetermined erosion or wear condition. Additionally, the CPU is programmed to analyze collected wear data in order to determine the direction of the wear propagation and to provide the information to the controller to compensate for the increase in the AWJ nozzle inside diameter.
Electrocardiographic screening for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and long QT syndrome: the drivers of cost-effectiveness for the prevention of sudden cardiac death.

It is universally recognized that the prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in youth is an important public health initiative. The best approach remains uncertain. Many European and Asian countries support the use of electrocardiograms (ECGs). In the United States, this is highly controversial. Many debate its cost-effectiveness. We designed a comprehensive economic model of two of the most prevalent causes of SCD identifiable by ECG, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and long QT syndrome (LQTS), to determine the drivers of uncertainty in the estimate of cost-effectiveness. We compared the cost-effectiveness of screening with history and physical examination (HP however, it was insensitive to many variables commonly assumed to be significant, including the costs of ECGs, echocardiograms, and genetic testing, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of ECGs. No LQTS-related parameters were significant. This study suggests that the key to determining the cost-effectiveness of ECG screening in the United States lies in developing a better understanding of disease progression in the previously undiagnosed HCM population.
Action identification of drinking and self-control

A number of investigators have proposed that self-control over addictive behaviors may be influenced by the way individuals mentally represent their actions. Previous research based on questionnaires has suggested that those who report higher-level identifications of their alcohol use behavior may exhibit more difficulty controlling their alcohol use (Wegner, Vallacher, & Dizadji, 1989). However, it is unclear whether this association is because of characteristic ways of mentally representing specific drinking events or the fact that those who have more impaired control consume more alcohol and drink across a broader array of situations. The current study sought to address this question by examining the association between impaired control over alcohol and action identification of drinking behavior in a structured laboratory drinking task. Ninety-one young adult hazardous drinkers (21-35 years) completed the Impaired Control Over Alcohol Scale (Heather, Tebbut, Mattick, & Zamir, 1993) and an alcohol consumption task. Participants then completed a Likert scale measure to assess action identification of their drinking behavior. Results showed that those who reported greater impaired control over alcohol experienced the drinking task at higher-level action identification even when accounting for alcohol consumption variables. These findings are consistent with the view that higher-level identification of alcohol use behavior may hinder self-control (Wegner et al., 1989), and that self-management approaches may be enhanced through strategies to address mental representation of action.
Symptoms do not predict the presence of Barrett's esophagus in older patients undergoing colonoscopy

Symptoms do not predict the presence of Barrett's esophagus in older patients undergoing colonoscopy
A review of the dietary flavonoid, kaempferol on human health and cancer chemoprevention

Kaempferol is a polyphenol antioxidant found in fruits and vegetables. Many studies have described the beneficial effects of dietary kaempferol in reducing the risk of chronic diseases, especially cancer. Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse relationship between kaempferol intake and cancer. Kaempferol may help by augmenting the body’s antioxidant defence against free radicals, which promote the development of cancer. At the molecular level, kaempferol has been reported to modulate a number of key elements in cellular signal transduction pathways linked to apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and metastasis. Significantly, kaempferol inhibits cancer cell growth and angiogenesis and induces cancer cell apoptosis, but on the other hand, kaempferol appears to preserve normal cell viability, in some cases exerting a protective effect. The aim of this review is to synthesize information concerning the extraction of kaempferol, as well as to provide insights into the molecular basis of its potential chemo-preventative activities, with an emphasis on its ability to control intracellular signaling cascades that regulate the aforementioned processes. Chemoprevention using nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability of kaempferol is also discussed.
Fiftieth Anniversary of the First Incoherent Scatter Radar Experiment

In the 11 November 2008 issue of Eos (89(46), 458), Henry Rishbeth asked whether the years 2008–2010 feature any important anniversaries in solar-terrestrial physics other than those he mentioned. One such milestone is the fiftieth anniversary of the first incoherent scatter radar (ISR) experiment. At a Cornell University (Ithaca, N.Y.) departmental seminar in the spring of 1958, William Gordon showed that a powerful radar system could detect the uncorrelated and extremely weak scattered signals from individual ionospheric electrons. This process is called incoherent scatter, and studying the properties of the resulting radar echoes can reveal information about the density, temperature, and velocity of ionospheric particles. Gordon discussed this idea with Ken Bowles, a recent Ph.D. graduate of Cornell, and in a few weeks Bowles built a large but inexpensive antenna array that he connected to an existing transmitter near Havana, Ill. Using this crude radar (the data processing consisted of taking a time exposure photograph of the signal amplitude displayed on an oscilloscope), Bowles successfully measured an incoherently scattered signal on 21 October 1958. By a happy coincidence, 21 October was also the day that Gordon gave his first formal talk on the ISR concept at an International Union of Radio Science (URSI) conference at Pennsylvania State University. After calling Bowles for an update on his experiment, Gordon presented his research and added the dramatic and newsworthy note to the end of his talk on the success of the first ISR experiment!
Aggressive Communication By Lar Us Gla Ucescens Part I. Sound Communication

The communicative functions of sound production during aggressive activity were studied by playing back the choking, trumpeting, mew, alarm and yelp calls to Larus glaucescens reacting aggressively to a mirror placed within its territory or by measuring the latency of attack on a stuffed model mounted in one of the display postures involved in aggressive activity. Differences between the experimental period with sound playback, and the control period with no sound playback were analyzed statistically by means of paired comparisons t-tests. As the result of these experiments the following conclusions were reached: I. The choking sound would inhibit the entrance of an intruder when produced by the territorial bird, but when produced by the intruder would stimulate the aggressive activity of the territorial resident. 2. The mew call functions similarly to the choking call but probably represents a somewhat lesser degree of aggressiveness. 3. The trumpeting call hastens an attack by a bird outside of its territory when produced within its territory and also stimulates aggressive activity of a bird within its territory, when produced by an intruder. 4. The alarm call inhibits aggressive activity, although it is not a usual part of aggressive activity. 5. The yelp call does not effect aggressive activity.
Pasteless electrode for clinical use

The design and construction of a clinically useful electrode for detecting the myoelectric signal is described. The requirements of the design were determined by a set of properties defined by clinicians and research engineers experienced in myoelectric signal detection. A novel, and seemingly useful, feature of this electrode is that the stainless-steel cans of two junction field-effect transistors are used as the recording surface while the same j.f.e.t.s. operate as the front end of a differential preamplifier. The electrode requires no paste or gel. In addition to its use as a stationary unit, it may be used as a probe to quickly and conveniently explore the myoelectric signals from many muscles.
Toward an identification of mechanical parameters initiating periosteal remodeling: A combined experimental and analytic approach

Abstract The ability of bone to adapt to its mechanical environment is well recognized, although the specific mechanical parameters initiating or maintaining the adaptive responses have yet to be identified. Recently introduced mathematical models offer the potential to aid in the identification of such parameters, although these models have not been well validated experimentally or clinically. We formulated a complementary experimental/analytic approach, using an animal model with a well-controlled mechanical environment combined with finite element modeling (FEM). We selected the functionally isolated turkey ulna, since the loading could be completely characterized and the periosteal adaptive responses subsequently monitored and quantified after four and eight weeks of loading. Known loads input into a three-dimensional, linearly elastic FEM of the ulna then permitted full-field mechanical characterization of the ulna. The FEM was validated against a normal strain-gaged turkey ulna, loaded in vivo in an identical fashion to the experimental ulnae. Twenty-four candidate mechanical parameters were then compared to the quantified adaptive responses, using statistical techniques. The data supported strain energy density, longitudinal shear stress, and tensile principal stress/strain as the mechanical parameters most likely related to the initiation of the remodeling response. Model predictions can now suggest new experiments, against which the predictions can be supported or falsified.
The Hausdorff dimension of the limit sets of infinitely generated Kleinian groups

In this paper we investigate the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of an infinitely generated discrete subgroup of hyperbolic isometries and obtain conditions for the limit set to have full dimension.
Chemical and biological properties of acetyl derivatives of the hydroxylamino reduction products of metronidazole and dimetridazole

Metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles undergo reduction of their nitro group apparently to produce such reactive species as 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles. To define the role of these species we have sought ways to prepare them by the catalytic reduction of metronidazole, dimetridazole and flunidazole. Although their respective 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles were too unstable to be isolated directly, their O,N-diacetyl derivatives were isolable. Of these, the diacetyl derivative of the hydroxylamine derived from dimetridazole, O,N-diacetyl-1,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxylaminoimidazole (DiacDMH), was used for further study. DiacDMH was converted to its monoacetyl derivative, N-acetyl-1,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxylaminoimidazole (AcDMH), by enzymatic deacylation. Both DiacDMH and AcDMH were examined for bactericidal activity against such strains as Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium perfringens, and Escherichia coli strain SR58, which are known to be sensitive to dimetridazole, as well as a variety of other bacteria. No bactericidal activity was detected, even in the presence of deacetylating enzymes. As the 5-hydroxylaminoimidazole itself could not be shown to form in these bacterial incubations, it remains uncertain whether or not the hydroxylamino functionality of a 5-nitroimidazole has bactericidal activity.
The use of oral quinidine and procaine amide as premedications for cardiac catheterization

Abstract This report is concerned with the need for prophylactic measures to reduce the incidence of potentially dangerous arrhythmias induced during cardiac catheterization. The experience of this catheterization team will be presented, and suggestions for increasing the safety of routine cardiac catheterizations will be made.
Synthesis of surface ligands to prepare hydrophilic and biologically compatible quantum dots

We describe a versatile scheme to prepare an array of multidentate surface capping molecules. Such materials permit strong interactions with semiconductor nanocrystals and render them water compatible. These ligands were synthesized by reacting various chain length poly (ethylene glycols) with thioctic acid, followed by ring opening of the dithiolane moiety. Functionalization of CdSe-ZnS quantum dots with these ligands allow processing of the nanocrystals not only in aqueous but in many other polar solvents. Further synthetic processing of the ligands with biotin moieties allowed for investigating assays based on the avidin-biotin interactions. These ligands provide a straightforward means of preparing QDs that exhibit greater resistance to environmental changes, making them more amenable for use in live cell imaging and other biotechnological applications.
Use of the Revised Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration with chronic mentally ill adult population.

From the Nova University Geriatric Institute, for 30 outpatients ranging in age from 55 to 80 years old, significant moderate Pearson correlations (.40 to .54) obtained between the raw scores of the Revised Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration standardized for children ages 2 1/2 years through 19 years and the WAIS-R subscale IQs. Further, scores on the Recall administration of the Benton Revised Visual Retention Test were significantly correlated with the performance on Beery's developmental test. Also, scores on Beery's test were correlated with estimates of adaptive functioning made by the staff for each patient.
First and Second Year College Experiences of Wisconsin's Academically Talented 1988 High School Graduates.

Nearly 1724 (95%) of Wisconsin's academically talented (upper 2%) 1988 high school graduates participated in a survey to determine if there was a “brain drain” factor at work in terms of enrollment in Wisconsin postsecondary institutions. Results of the survey study suggested there was not a brain drain. This follow‐up focuses on the freshman year experience of 1259 (73%) of these students and on their choice of major in the sophomore year for 728 of the original subjects.
Synergistic effect of carbon fillers in electrically conductive nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate based resins

The electrical conductivity of polymeric materials can be increased by the addition of carbon fillers, such as carbon fibers, carbon black, and synthetic graphite. The resulting composites could be used in applications such as electromagnetic and radio frequency interference shielding and electrostatic dissipation. A significant amount of work has been conducted varying the amount of single conductive fillers in a composite material. In contrast, very limited work has been conducted concerning the effect of combinations of various types of conductive fillers. In this study, three different carbon fillers were used: carbon black, synthetic graphite particles, and pitch based carbon fiber. Two different polymers were used: nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate. The goal of this project was to determine the effect of each filler and combinations of different fillers on the electrical conductivity of conductive resins. A 2 3 factorial design was analyzed to determine the effects of the three different carbon fillers in nylon 6,6 and polycarbonate. The results showed that carbon black caused the largest increase in composite electrical conductivity. The factorial design analysis also showed that combinations of different carbon fillers do have a positive synergistic effect, thereby increasing the composite electrical conductivity.
Safety Stock Positioning in Supply Chains with Stochastic Lead Times

We study the safety stock positioning problem in single-product multistage supply chains with tree network structures, where each stage controls its inventory using an installation continuous-time base-stock policy. External demands follow independent Poisson processes, and unsatisfied demands at each stage are fully backordered. The processing (e.g., production) cycle times and transportation lead times are assumed to be stochastic, sequential, and exogenously determined. We derive recursive equations for the backorder delays (because of stockout) at all stages in the supply chain. Based on the recursive equations, we characterize the dependencies of the backorder delays across different stages in the network, and develop insights into the impact of safety stock positioning in various supply chain topologies. We present approximations and algorithms to coordinate the base-stock levels in these supply chains, so as to minimize systemwide inventory cost subject to meeting certain service-level requirements of the external customers.
The ‘winner's curse’ hypothesis and corporate takeovers

The winner's curse hypothesis states that, in any bidding situation, a party which unknowingly overestimates the value of a given object tends to bid higher than its competitors and is, therefore, more likely to win it. In a takeover the magnitude of the winner's curse is defined as the difference between the bid premium of the winning bidder and the maximum offerable premium conditional on the capital market's estimate of expected takeover gains. The magnitude of the winner's curse is predicted to increase with (1) increase in the divergence of opinion amongst acquirers with respect to the size of takeover gains, (2) increase in the degree of competition for control of the target firm and (3) increase in the pre-acquisition profitability of the winning bidder. The empirical results provide support for the winner's course hypothesis.
Occlusal Forces in Normal- and Long-face Children

In children aged from six to 11 yr, forces of dental occlusion during swallowing, simulated chewing, and hard biting are similar for normal- and long-face individuals. Forces in the normal- and long-face children are similar to those in long-face adults, but are about half those in normal adults. It appears that individuals with the long-face pattern fail to gain strength normally in the mandibular elevator muscles.
Gene transfer and cardiovascular disease

Through the introduction of foreign DNA into somatic cells, the aim of gene therapy is to correct or prevent disorders caused by the absence or malfunction of genes within a diseased individual. Expression of recombinant genes at specific sites within the vasculature can provide insights into vascular biology and potential treatments for various cardiovascular disorders. In our studies, we have developed methods for the transfer of recombinant genes into the endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells by using retroviral vectors and liposomal transfection. Although these techniques are still in the formative stages, gene transfer into the endothelium and other vascular cells is a new approach to the treatment of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis.
A small peptide modeled after the NRAGE repeat domain inhibits XIAP-TAB1-TAK1 signaling for NF-κB activation and apoptosis in P19 cells.

In normal growth and development, apoptosis is necessary to shape the central nervous system and to eliminate excess neurons which are not required for innervation. In some diseases, however, apoptosis can be either overactive as in some neurodegenerative disorders or severely attenuated as in the spread of certain cancers. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) transmit signals for regulating cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Responding to BMP receptors stimulated from BMP ligands, neurotrophin receptor-mediated MAGE homolog (NRAGE) binds and functions with the XIAP-TAK1-TAB1 complex to activate p38MAPK and induces apoptosis in cortical neural progenitors. NRAGE contains a unique repeat domain that is only found in human, mouse, and rat homologs that we theorize is pivotal in its BMP MAPK role. Previously, we showed that deletion of the repeat domain inhibits apoptosis, p38MAPK phosphorylation, and caspase-3 cleavage in P19 neural progenitor cells. We also showed that the XIAP-TAB1-TAK1 complex is dependent on NRAGE for IKK-α/β phosphorylation and NF-κB activation. XIAP is a major inhibitor of caspases, the main executioners of apoptosis. Although it has been shown previously that NRAGE binds to the RING domain of XIAP, it has not been determined which NRAGE domain binds to XIAP. Here, we used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to determine that there is a strong likelihood of a direct interaction between NRAGE and XIAP occurring at NRAGE's unique repeat domain which we also attribute to be the domain responsible for downstream signaling of NF-κB and activating IKK subunits. From these results, we designed a small peptide modeled after the NRAGE repeat domain which we have determined inhibits NF-κB activation and apoptosis in P19 cells. These intriguing results illustrate that the paradigm of the NRAGE repeat domain may hold promising therapeutic strategies in developing pharmaceutical solutions for combating harmful diseases involving excessive downstream BMP signaling, including apoptosis.
Some metabolic and biochemical effects of methylandrostenediol.

INTEREST in methylandrostenediol (MAD)1 has recently been increased because of evidence that this agent, which is only weakly androgenic, promotes tissue synthesis but causes no retention of salt or water (1, 2). Clinical trial has further shown that it is useful as a palliative agent in the therapy of advanced carcinoma of the breast (3). The present study deals with some of the metabolic and biochemical changes observed in 50 women with cancer of the breast who received MAD for prolonged periods of time, and in 4 additional patients on whom metabolic balance studies were carried out. The patients were continuously hospitalized for from one to eighteen months and received from 26 to 80 Gm. of MAD by mouth and/or parenterally. Their ages ranged from 28 to 74 years, and averaged 54.8 years. The clinical histories of some of these patients have been presented elsewhere (3). The group with carcinoma of the breast all had soft tissue or bone metastases or both, and their condition ranged from moderately ill t...