cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive filtering of nonlinear systems with memory by quantized mean field annealing (digital subscriber loop example)

A technique for adaptive filtering of nonlinear systems with memory that combines quantized mean field annealing (QMFA) and conventional recursive-least-squares/fast-transversal-filter (RLS/FTF) adaptive filtering is developed. This technique can efficiently handle large-order nonlinearities with or without memory. The nonlinear channel is divided into a memory nonlinearity followed by a dispersive linear system. QMFA is applied to obtain the coefficients and the order of the memory of the nonlinearity, and RLS/FTF is applied to determine the weights of the dispersive linear system. Statistical thermodynamic analysis that provides theoretical measures for making annealing algorithms computationally efficient. The method is applied to a full duplex digital subscriber loop. Simulations show a performance improvement of over 40 dB compared to ordinary RLS/FTF and steepest descent algorithms, and the solution is robust. >
Measuring salty samples without adducts with MALDI MS

Abstract Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used for the discovery of hundreds of novel cell to cell signaling peptides. Beyond its advantages of sensitivity and minimal sample preparation requirements, MALDI MS is attractive for biological analyses as high quality mass spectra may be obtained directly from specific locations within prepared tissue sections. However, due to the large quantity of salts present in physiological tissues, these mass spectra often contain many adducts of cationic salts such as sodium and potassium, in addition to the molecular ion [ M + H] + . To reduce the presence of cation adducts in MALDI mass spectra obtained directly from tissues, we present a methodology that uses a slow condensation procedure to enable the formation of distinct regions of matrix/analyte crystals and cation (salt) crystals. Secondary ion mass spectrometric imaging suggests that the salts and MALDI matrix undergo a mutually exclusive crystallization process that results in the separation of the salts and matrix in the sample.
Optical properties of mixed-valence platinum halides

Abstract Temperature dependent absorption spectra are reported for PtX2−4 -PtX2−6 doped in Cs2ZrX6 (X = Cl, Br). Intense, broad bands have been assigned as mixed-valence (MV) transitions. Vibronic structure has been observed for the MV bromide system. Our results are discussed in terms of a model proposed by Hush.
Mechanisms of 4-hydroxynonenal-induced neuronal microtubule dysfunction.

We have previously demonstrated that neuronal microtubules are exquisitely sensitive to the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). The mechanism, however, by which HNE disrupts the microtubules, is not known. Sulfhydryl groups of protein-cysteines constitute main targets of HNE. Indeed, HNE is mainly detoxified by conjugation to glutathione (GSH), a reaction that leads to depletion of cellular GSH. GSH maintains protein sulfhydryl groups in the reduced form and has been implicated in the regulation of cytoskeletal function. Here, we assess what role depletion of cellular GSH plays in the HNE-induced microtubule disruption. We demonstrate that HNE and its intracellularly activated tri-ester analog, HNE(Ac)3, cause substantial GSH depletion in Neuro2A cells. However, other compounds inducing GSH depletion had no effect on the microtubule network. Therefore, HNE-induced depletion of cellular GSH does not contribute to the HNE-induced microtubule disruption. We previously demonstrated that another main cellular target of HNE is tubulin, the core protein of microtubules containing abundant cysteines. The functional relevance of this adduction, however, had not been evaluated. Here, we demonstrate that exposure of Neuro 2A cells to HNE or HNE(Ac)3 results in the inhibition of cytosolic taxol-induced tubulin polymerization. These and our previous observations strongly support the hypothesis that HNE-adduction to tubulin is the primary mechanism involved in the HNE-induced loss of the highly dynamic neuronal microtubule network.
Theory, Praxis, and Community Service: Cornerstones of Political, Social, and Intellectual Achievement in Black America

One of the most established African American and African studies departments in the United States celebrated its 20th anniversary in the 1990s. The theme of Cornell University's African Studies and Research Center celebration was Scholarship and Praxis. This was appropriate because this theme has a long history in Black intellectual thought in the United States. A few Black studies departments and programs across the nation have built curricula on the basis of building theory and knowledge linked to involvement with community-level experiences and in preparing students to work in a variety of civic and professional settings. Although the theoretical literature utilized by some scholars in Black studies is broad and international, much in this field either directly or indirectly responds to diagnosis and analysis of the historical and current political, social, economic, legal, and cultural conditions of Blacks in America. Community-based research in Black studies is a general phrase suggesting that scholarship about Blacks should be pursued within a frame-
Excursionismo: An Anthropological and Anarchist Methodology for Exploring the Past

In this essay, I describe an excursion I made to castle ruins while doing field research on the Spanish anarchist movement. I offer some insights into the processes through which I was able to discover and construct the past in which that castle was built. To do so combined the conventional participant-observer approach used in anthropological research with the Spanish practice of excursionismo , albeit in its radicalized anarchist form. I also relied on the heuristic character of the flaneur that was advocated by culture historian Walter Benjamin. Such an approach allows an observer to linger over historic sites in order to more closely examine what these sites commonly mean, what they mean to some members of the local community, and what else they could mean. Excursionismo is a valuable methodology for rescuing the personal as well as global histories of the past while engaging in what I call "historical loitering with contemporary intent."
The structure of decoupled non-linear systems

For non-linear time-variable systems a synthesis procedure for decoupling via state feedback is given. A sufficient condition for observability of non-linear time-variable systems is introduced which serves as a basis for the analysis of the structure of the decoupled closed-loop system. In this context a sufficient condition for the observability of a decoupled non-linear time-variable system is derived.
Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic synaptic signaling mechanisms.

Although several prominent morphological features of apoptosis are evident in the cell body (e.g., cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and nuclear DNA condensation and fragmentation) the biochemical and molecular cascades that constitute the cell death machinery can be engaged in synaptic terminals and neurites. Initiating events such as oxyradical production and calcium influx, and effector processes such as Par-4 production, mitochondrial alterations and caspase activation, can be induced in synapses and neurites. Several prominent signal transduction pathways in synaptic terminals play important roles in either promoting or preventing neuronal death in physiological and pathological conditions. For example, activation of glutamate receptors in postsynaptic spines can induce neuronal apoptosis, whereas local activation of neurotrophic factor receptors in presynaptic terminals can prevent neuronal death. Factors capable of inducing nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation can be produced locally in synaptic terminals and neurites, and may propogate to the cell body. Recent findings suggest that, beyond their roles in inducing or preventing cell death, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic cascades play roles in synaptic plasticity (structural remodelling and long-term functional changes). For example, caspase activation results in proteolysis of glutamate receptor (AMPA) subunits, which results in altered neuronal responsivity to glutamate. Activation of neurotrophic factor receptors in synaptic terminals can result in local changes in energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis, and can induce long-term changes in synaptic transmission. The emerging data therefore suggest that synapses can be considered as autonomous compartments in which both pro- and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways are activated resulting in structural and functional changes in neuronal circuits. A better understanding of such synaptic signaling mechanisms may reveal novel approaches for preventing and treating an array of neurodegenerative conditions that are initiated by perturbed synaptic homeostasis.
Documentation of benchmark photographs that show the effects of the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake with some considerations for studies of scarp degradation

Systematic benchmark photography of modern and prehistoric fault scarps provides an accurate and timely method of documenting details of ground breakage related to earthquakes and provides a near-permanent record for future quantitative analysis of the degradation of these features. During the geologic investigation of surface faulting associated with the 28 October 1983 Borah Peak earthquake of central Idaho, I established 14 benchmark stations for repeat photography of selected deformational features. About 40 photographs (most in stereopairs) were made in November 1983 in order to show some of the details of the newly formed fault scarps, grabens, and an associated landslide. One year later (October 1984), H. E. Malde and I repeated most of the 1983 photographs and photographed from 14 additional stations. This paper provides an account of the location and subject of the photographs that are on file at the U.S. Geological Survey Photo Library in Denver. Hopefully, this study will provide the impetus for including systematic benchmark photography in future studies of ground deformation.
Four-helix bundle: a ubiquitous sensory module in prokaryotic signal transduction

Motivation: Transmembrane chemoreceptors in Escherichia coli utilize ligand-binding domains for detecting various external signals. The structure of this domain in the E.coli aspartate receptor, Tar, is known and its signal transduction mechanism is under investigation. Current domain models for this important sensory module are inaccurate and, therefore, cannot reveal the distribution of this domain within the current genomic landscape. Results: We carried out sensitive and exhaustive PSI-BLAST searches initiated with the sequence corresponding to a known structure of the four-helix, ligand-binding domain of the aspartate chemoreceptor. From the resulting sequences, we built a multiple sequence alignment for this domain family, which confirmed that the current TarH model is erroneous and fails to detect most of the domain homologs. In the process, we developed a technique that visualizes the secondary structure prediction of each protein sequence in order to improve the multiple sequence alignment. We found that the four-helix up-and-down bundle represents a large domain family and includes representatives of all major classes of prokaryotic signal transduction, namely histidine kinases, di-guanylate cyclases and chemotaxis receptors. Contact: gtg209d@mail.gatech.edu Supplementary Information: Supplementary data are available on Bioinformatics online.
Design of optical matched filters

A study is made of the design and the performance of receivers using optical matched filters and direct detection, when the basic pulse shape consists of a rectangular pulse of monochromatic light. The modulation format can be ASK (amplitude-shift keying), FSK (frequency-shift keying), or DPSK (differential phase-shift keying). Such receivers are useful when amplifier noise is the main source of uncertainty as they optimally reject additive white Gaussian noise. The performances of ASK and FSK receivers are reported, taking into account shot noise and the effects of postdetection filtering. >
Tyrosine phosphate hydrolysis of host proteins by Trypanosoma cruzi is linked to cell invasion

Invasion of cultured L6E9 myoblasts by Trypanosoma cruzi induced tyrosine dephosphorylation of proteins of 234, 205, and 50 kDa. Invasion was greatly reduced in the presence of the protein tyrosine phosphate inhibitors sodium o-vanadate and zinc chloride, and in the presence of excess phosphotyrosine or p-nitrophenyl phosphate, but not in the presence of excess phosphoserine or phosphothreonine. These results suggest an important role for protein tyrosine dephosphorylation in the invasion of host cells by T. cruzi.
Measurement of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) during the ITCT 2K2 aircraft intensive experiment

[1] Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs), peroxyacetic nitric anhydride (CH3C(O)OONO2; PAN), and peroxypropionic nitric anhydride (CH3CH2C(O)OONO2; PPN) were made in the spring of 2002, off the west coast of North America, as part of the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) project. Long-range transport of Asian emissions was observed in which PAN and PPN mixing ratios were as high as 650 pptv and 90 pptv, respectively. Moreover, these two species constituted as much as 80% of the odd nitrogen (NOy) in those air masses, and median PAN/NOy was more than 60% at altitudes of 4 km and above. Systematic differences in the ratio of PPN to PAN were observed in air masses that had been impacted by Asian urban emissions relative to those impacted by biomass burning. Mixing ratios of PAN and PPN were also elevated in the marine boundary layer close to the west coast of California, possibly because of photochemical production driven by maritime NOx emissions. INDEX TERMS: 0368 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—constituent transport and chemistry; 0365 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Troposphere—composition and chemistry; 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); KEYWORDS: peroxyacetic nitric anhydride, Asian pollution, eastern Pacific
THE EFFECT OF METHOXYFLURANE ON THE FOETUS

SUMMARY Sixty-four patients received methoxyflurane analgesia and/or anaesthesia for labour and delivery. Analgesia with methoxyflurane-air produced satisfactory analgesia for labour and delivery in the multigravidae of Group I. Foetal and maternal blood levels did not increase with increased duration of inhaler use, apparently due to the absence of pain-induced hyperventilation. Patients in Group II required the addition of light methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. This resulted in the highest foetal memoxyflurane levels of the three groups, and the highest rate of neonatal depression. Group III patients arrived with delivery imminent, and were given light methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen anaesthesia. Despite high maternal levels of methoxyflurane, foetal levels were no higher than in Group I, presumably because of the short duration of exposure. Methoxyflurane has little effect on the foetus if low concentrations are administered to the mother, or if the duration of higher concentrations is kept short.
The resveratrol analogue, 2,3′,4,5′-tetramethoxystilbene, does not inhibit CYP gene expression, enzyme activity and benzo[a]pyrene–DNA adduct formation in MCF-7 cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

Exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 enzymes, which biotransform PAHs resulting in the formation of DNA adducts. We hypothesised that 2,3',4,5'-tetramethoxystilbene (TMS), an analogue of resveratrol and a potent CYP1B1 inhibitor, may inhibit r7, t8, t9-trihydroxy-c-10-(N(2)deoxyguanosyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-benzo[a]pyrene (BPdG) adduct formation in cells exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BP). To address this, MCF-7 cells were cultured for 96 h in the presence of 1 μM BP, 1 μM BP + 1 μM TMS or 1 μM BP + 4 μM TMS. Cells were assayed at 2-12 h intervals for: BPdG adducts by r7, t8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA chemiluminescence immunoassay; CYP1A1 and 1B1 gene expression changes by relative real-time polymerase chain reaction; and CYP1A1/1B1 enzyme activity by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. Whereas maximal BPdG levels were similar for all exposure groups, the times at which the maxima were reached increased by 16 and 24 h with the addition of 1 and 4 μM TMS, respectively. The maximal expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 occurred at 16, 24 and 48 h, but the maximal level for EROD-specific activity was reached at 24, 48 and 60 h, in cells exposed to 1 μM BP, 1 μM BP + 1 μM TMS or 1 μM BP + 4 μM TMS, respectively. The area under the curve from 4 to 96 h of exposure (AUC(4-)(96 h)) for BPdG adduct formation was not increased in the presence of TMS, but for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression fold increase AUC(4-)(96 h) and EROD-specific activity AUC(4-)(96 h), there were significant (P < 0.05) increases in the presence of 4 μM TMS. Therefore, during 96 h of exposure in MCF-7 cells, the combination of BP plus TMS caused a slowing of BP biotransformation, with an increase in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression and EROD activity, and a slowing, but no change in magnitude of BPdG formation.
Pulsed mode versus near-continuous mode delivery of diode laser photocoagulation for high-risk retinopathy of prematurity

Objective To compare structural and functional outcomes and efficiency of diode laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) when delivered in a pulsed mode versus a near-continuous mode. Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 138 patients who underwent diode laser photocoagulation for threshold ROP using either pulsed or near-continuous delivery. Laser-related complications and structural and functional outcomes were analyzed. Prospectively, time efficiency and total energy used were evaluated in nine infants with bilateral symmetric high-risk prethreshold ROP in which one eye of each infant was randomized to pulsed and the fellow eye to near-continuous delivery. Results There was no significant difference between groups with regards to prevalence of posterior disease (Zone 1 or posterior Zone 2) ( p = 0.11), postoperative vitreous haze ( p = 0.60), postoperative complications ( p = 0.38), retinal detachment ( p = 0.90), strabismus ( p = 0.73), amblyopia ( p = 0.69), or refractive error ( p = 0.95). Mean time for treatment was 23 minutes using pulsed delivery versus 14 minutes per eye with near-continuous delivery ( p 5 W versus 1.1 × 10 5 W with near-continuous delivery ( p = 0.015). Conclusions No differences in complications, functional outcome, or structural outcome were found between using pulsed mode and near-continuous mode diode laser delivery for high-risk ROP. Near-continuous laser delivery, in our hands, was more time-efficient and used less total power.
Traffic and security analysis on Sony Playstation 3

Online games are clearly growing as a significant component of the current and future Internet. As a major online game console, the Sony PlayStation 3 (PS3) produces more and more network traffic. People also begin to use PS3 for emails and web surfing besides playing games due to its enhanced web capabilities. Recognizing the traffic patterns of PS3 is important to network administrators whereas understanding its security is essential for users. However, traffic and security analysis of PS3 has been either done or unpublished. In this paper, we present our initial efforts on game traffic analysis for PS3 and explore the vulnerabilities of PS3 by testing a few attacking schemes on a PS3 console. The research will benefit both network administrators and PS3 users to understand the PS3 systems better.
Programmable spread spectrum clock generation based on successive phase selection technique

A wideband frequency modulator capable of modulating the input frequency within a range of 0.5% to 5% with a programmable step of 0.5% is presented. The block has been built in 65 nm technology with a low power consumption of 1 mW. The proposed topology uses a period locking delay locked loop, phase interpolator and a digital controller to modulate the input frequency and gives the flexibility of controlling the shape of the modulating signal.
Forward and Backward Recurrence Times and Length Biased Sampling: Age Specific Models

Consider a chronic disease process which is beginning to be observed at a point in chronological time. The backward recurrence and forward recurrence times are defined for prevalent cases as the time with disease and the time to leave the disease state, respectively, where the reference point is the point in time at which the disease process is being observed. In this setting the incidence of disease affects the recurrence time distributions. In addition, the survival of prevalent cases will tend to be greater than the population with disease due to length biased sampling. A similar problem arises in models for the early detection of disease. In this case the backward recurrence time is how long an individual has had disease before detection and the forward recurrence time is the time gained by early diagnosis, i.e., until the disease becomes clinical by exhibiting signs or symptoms. In these examples the incidence of disease may be age related resulting in a non-stationary process. The resulting recurrence time distributions are derived as well as some generalization of length-biased sampling.
The usefulness of peripheral venous blood in estimating acid-base status in acutely III patients

The usefulness of peripheral venous sampling in determining acid-base status in acutely ill patients was studied. A total of 171 nonarrest patients and 12 patients in cardiac arrest had paired samples of arterial and venous blood compared for correlation of blood gas results. Linear equations relating arterial and venous values of pH, PCO 2 , and bicarbonate were developed in both groups of patients; however, the accuracy of predicting arterial values from venous values was limited. Severe acid-base disturbances were essentially ruled out by normal or nearly normal venous blood gases. Extremely abnormal venous levels reliably reflected comparable arterial abnormalities. The results suggest that immediate intravenous bicarbonate therapy should be considered for patients with pH ⩽ 7.05 and PCO 2 ⩽ 40 torr despite the possibility of inadvertent venous sampling. A larger series is needed to verify these results in the setting of cardiac arrest.
An issue of attribution: The Tunisian revolution, media interaction, and agency:

Studies of the Arab Spring have been populated with two kinds of media scholarship: while one acknowledges the role of social media in popular uprisings, the other argues that their role has been overblown. Drawing on recent theories of the media, this article seeks to resolve the debate through a media interaction approach, which shows how it is impossible to study the effects of one media form in isolation from those of others. First, how social media and the mainstream news media have interacted in providing the coverage of Tunisian uprising is outlined. This study suggests that not only did these influential news sources rely on a developing distributed mediascape to provide information, they also influenced distributed media in return, suggesting not only an intersection of traditional and distributed media but rather their reformulation. Second, the putative role of social media in popular uprisings shows regional bias in the early days of media coverage while also being indicative of a shift in wha...
Another View of Rolle's Theorem

(1969). Another View of Rolle's Theorem. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 76, No. 6, pp. 680-681.
Team Size, Team Role, Communication Modality, and Team Coordination in the Distributed Operation of Multiple Heterogeneous Unmanned Vehicles

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of team size, communication modality, and team role on measures of team process over time. As the use of semiautonomous, unmanned vehicles incre...
Action of biogenic amines, amine oxidase inhibitors, and other agents on chromatophores of squid, Loligo pealii.

Summary and conclusions(1) The multicellular system that controls chromatophores of Loligo pealii has been a useful tool for study of smooth muscle function in non-narcotized living animals. (2) Ac...
Micro- and Nanopatterned Topographical Cues for Regulating Macrophage Cell Shape and Phenotype

Controlling the interactions between macrophages and biomaterials is critical for modulating the response to implants. While it has long been thought that biomaterial surface chemistry regulates the immune response, recent studies have suggested that material geometry may in fact dominate. Our previous work demonstrated that elongation of macrophages regulates their polarization toward a pro-healing phenotype. In this work, we elucidate how surface topology might be leveraged to alter macrophage cell morphology and polarization state. Using a deep etch technique, we fabricated titanium surfaces containing micro- and nanopatterned grooves, which have been previously shown to promote cell elongation. Morphology, phenotypic markers, and cytokine secretion of murine bone marrow derived macrophages on different groove widths were analyzed. The results suggest that micro- and nanopatterned grooves influenced macrophage elongation, which peaked on substrates with 400-500 nm wide grooves. Surface grooves did not affect inflammatory activation but drove macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory, pro-healing phenotype. While secretion of TNF-alpha remained low in macrophages across all conditions, macrophages secreted significantly higher levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, on intermediate groove widths compared to cells on other Ti surfaces. Our findings highlight the potential of using surface topography to regulate macrophage function, and thus control the wound healing and tissue repair response to biomaterials.
Putting context into context: sources of context and a proposed mechanism for linguistic negation

ABSTRACTLinguistic negation is often underspecified. The eagle is not in the sky does not specify a concrete meaning. For this reason, context is crucial, and can substantially mediate the meaning of a negated sentence. A core issue in the area of sentence processing and incorporation of context, is what information constitutes context, and how is it processed in the moment. The first study demonstrates the ambiguity of certain negated sentences without sufficient context, and a mousetracking study revealed greater deviations toward a lure during affirmative sentence processing compared to negated sentence processing. This counterintuitive result is predicted by a model of referent activation and motor responses in which referents are treated independently, compared to a model where affirmative and negated referents compete with one another. These findings are presented in a framework processing context via information from stored lexical-semantic representations (memory-mediated) or concurrent perceptual...
Nowak, R. M. 2005. Walker's Carnivores of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 313 pp. ISBN 0-8018-8032-7, ISBN 0-8018-8033-5, price (paper), $22.95, price (hardbound), $45.00

R. M. Nowak 2005. Walker's Carnivores of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 313 pp. ISBN 0-8018-8032-7, ISBN 0-8018-8033-5, price (paper), $22.95, price (hardbound), $45.00. Ernest P. Walker's (1891–1969) Mammals of the World (Walker 1964) is arguably one of the great accomplishments in mammalogy. In a single work, Walker and his colleagues reviewed the basic natural history of virtually all known species of mammals, creating an essential reference work for professional and student mammalogists alike. As befits a work of such value, the original 1964 work has gone through multiple editions, with the 4th, 5th, and most recent 6th edition (Nowak 1999) being authored in part or entirely by Ronald Nowak. Since publication of the 6th edition, Johns Hopkins University Press has seen fit also to market subsets of the 6th edition under a variety of titles, including Walker's Carnivores of the World, Walker's Bats of the World, Walker's Primates of the World , and others. Walker's Carnivores of the World is composed of the accounts of the …
Clinical trial of aspirin-induced attenuation of gentamicin ototoxicity

Objective To investigate the protection of aspirin against ototoxicity of aminoglycosides in a clinical trial. Methods A multi- centre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study in patients receiving gentamicin for acute infections was conducted. Pure tone audiometry was performed 3 times before and after treatment to compare the incidence of hearing loss between the two groups. Results Fourteen of 106 patients(13%) met the criterion of hearing loss in the placebo group while only 3/89(3%) were affected in the aspirin group(P = 0.013). Aspirin did not influence gentamicin serum levels or the course of therapy. Conclusion These results indicate that therapeutic protection from aminoglycoside ototoxicity may be extrapolated from animal models to the clinic. Aspirin can significantly attenuate the risk of gentamicin-induced hearing loss.
Analysis on testing results of sodium cyclamate and saccharin sodium in market food in Mianyang City

[Objective]To understand whether the concentration range of sodium cyclamate and saccharin sodium in market food is over standards in Mianyang City.[Methods]Food samples were collected or purchased from supermarket,farm product market and retail store near by school in Mianyang,An County,Santai County and Jiangyou City,and detected by chromatography method.[Results]A total of 208 food samples were detected,193 samples were qualified,and the qualification rate was 92. 79%; sodium cyclamate was detected in 47 samples and the detection rate was 22. 60%; saccharin sodiuma was detected in 79 samples and the detection rate was 37. 98%.[Conclusion]The detection rate of sodium cyclamate and saccharin sodiuma is high in market food of Mianyang City,but there are not clear instructions in food labels. Pertinent measures should be taken by relevant departments to protect the consumer 's right to know and their health.
Comparative Analysis of Volatile Components of Chinese Rice Wines from Different Areas

The volatile compounds of 12 brands of Chinese rice wines(CRW) from different areas were determined and compared by headspace solid phase micro-extraction in combination with gas chromatographymass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 142 volatile compounds were detected in samples of these 12 CRW brands, including esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, acids, phenols and hydrocarbons accounting for 33.04%, 39.26%, 24.64%, 0.37%, 0.63%, 0.28% and 1.36% of the total amount of identified compounds, respectively. Thirteen volatile compounds were common to these CRW brands. Principal component analysis(PCA) was adopted to investigate their main volatile components and cluster analysis was used to cluster the different CRW brands. The PCA results showed that isobutyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, ethyl lactate, ethyl acetate, phenethyl alcohol and furfural were the main volatile compounds, which are mainly responsible for the overall flavor an d taste of CRW. We established three clusters consisting of different volatile components according to cluster analysis, which could objectively reflect the real information.
Allergic Rhinitis: Mechanisms and Treatment

The prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been estimated at 10% to 40%, and its economic burden is substantial. AR patients develop specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses to indoor and outdoor environmental allergens with exposure over time. These specific IgE antibodies bind to high-affinity IgE receptors on mast cells and basophils. Key outcome measures of therapeutic interventions include rhinitis symptom control, rescue medication requirements, and quality-of-life measures. A comprehensive multiple modality treatment plan customized to the individual patient can optimize outcomes.
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease expression in pediatric yolk sac tumors.

BACKGROUND The enzyme apurinic/apyriminidic endonuclease/redox factor 1 (Ape1/ref1), a key protein in the base excision repair pathway, displays repair and redox activity. We examined the role of Ape1/ref1 and a protein it regulates, hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) in pediatric yolk sac tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Using an immunohistochemical evaluation, 16 pediatric yolk sac tumors were evaluated for Ape1/ref1 and HIF-1 alpha expression. Samples were obtained from archival tissue. RESULTS We demonstrated high levels of expression of Ape1/ref1 in 14/16 of the tumors. This expression was limited to the nucleus of the viable portion of each tumor. High levels of HIF-1 alpha expression was noted in half of the same tumors and localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm of the viable tumor. CONCLUSIONS The high levels of expression of Ape1/ref1 in this group of chemosensitive tumors may be related to the subcellular location or redox regulatory activity of one of the other factors controlled by Ape1/ref1.
Chapter 10 - How Electric Currents Interact with Magnetic Fields

When viewed from a distance, a small current loop is equivalent to a magnet of appropriate strength and orientation. That is, in an external magnetic field, it moves just as its equivalent magnet would move; further, it and its equivalent magnet cause the same force and torque on a distant magnet. This equivalence has extraordinary implications: it enables one to derive all the important results describing how electric currents interact with and produce magnetic fields. Just as a current loop is equivalent to a thin disk-shaped magnet magnetized along its normal (called a magnetic sheet), so a disk-shaped magnet magnetized along its normal is equivalent to a current loop. At large distances from the loop, the details of how the magnetic moment is produced do not matter. However, to make the Ampere approach valid at short distances, we should use the Ampere current loop decomposition into an infinite number of tiny Amperian loops, and replace each loop by a tiny magnet. Consequences of Ampere's Equivalence include torque on a current loop, orientation energy of a current loop, magnetic force on a current-carrying wire, and the force on a charge moving in a magnetic field.
The secret of manufacturing excellence: Lean maintenance

The paper describes how Lean maintenance will help the manufacturing operation. This is part of the Lean Manufacturing concept to meet rapidly changing and complex business requirements. The strategies and projects have brought tremendous results, including: 1. Significant Improvement in Equipment Availability 2. Overall reduction in factory cycle time with better equipment predictability. 3. Reduced maintenance cost 4. Excellent product and yield performance. 5. Improve employee satisfaction.
Association Between Non-Iron-Deficient Anemia and Insomnia Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

Background Anemia is associated with poorer sleep in children, and clinically, anemia is linked to insomnia. However, the association between anemia and insomnia in older adults is understudied. Methods We examined the cross-sectional association between anemia and insomnia in 1,053 adults (71.4 ± 10.6 years) in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Participants were classified as nonanemic, non-iron-deficient anemic, or iron-deficient anemic based on hemoglobin, ferritin, transferrin saturation, and mean cell volume. Insomnia symptoms were evaluated by the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS). A total score (range 0-20) was generated, and participants were also classified as having 0, 1, or 2+ symptoms. Results Overall, 10.5% of participants had non-iron-deficient anemia, 0.9% had iron-deficient anemia, and 88.5% had no anemia. Due to its low prevalence, the iron-deficient anemic group was dropped from analyses. In models adjusted for demographics, number of medical conditions, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score, non-iron-deficient anemic individuals had significantly higher WHIIRS total scores, indicating greater insomnia severity, compared to those without anemia (predicted adjusted mean WHIIRS of 7.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 6.40-8.08] vs 5.92 [95% CI: 5.65-6.19]). They also had twice the risk of reporting ≥2 insomnia symptoms (vs 0 symptoms; relative risk ratio = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.25-3.89). Conclusions Results suggest that individuals with non-iron-deficient anemia are more likely to experience insomnia symptoms than those who are nonanemic. These results may have implications for insomnia treatment or the identification of underlying frailty in individuals with sleep problems.
Social and Regulatory Control of Wind Energy - An Empirical Survey of Texas and Kansas

This article seeks to present an informal, empirical survey of wind development in Texas and Kansas. It focuses on current practices in these two states, both fortunate to be rich in potential wind resources, by exploring the social and regulatory controls of wind development from the perspective of active participants.
Using the Jetstream Research Cloud to provide Science Gateway resources

We describe the use of the Jetstream research-cloud, a purpose-built system with the goal of supporting "long-tail" research by providing a flexible, on-demand research infrastructure, to provide scalable back-end resources for science gateways. In addition to providing cloud-like resources for on-demand science, Jetstream offers the capability to instantiate long-running clusters which support science gateways. Science gateways are web-based systems built on computational infrastructure which provide commonly-used tools to a community of users. We created a persistent cluster on the Jetstream system which is connected to the SEAGrid science gateway and provides additional compute resources for a variety of quantum chemistry calculations. We discuss the further application of toolkits provided by the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) to build general-purpose clusters on the research cloud.
Sirt3 Impairment and SOD2 Hyperacetylation in Vascular Oxidative Stress and Hypertension.

Rationale: Clinical studies have shown that Sirt3 (Sirtuin 3) expression declines by 40% by 65 years of age paralleling the increased incidence of hypertension and metabolic conditions further inactivate Sirt3 because of increased NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced form) and acetyl-CoA levels. Sirt3 impairment reduces the activity of a key mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) because of hyperacetylation. Objective: In this study, we examined whether the loss of Sirt3 activity increases vascular oxidative stress because of SOD2 hyperacetylation and promotes endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Methods and Results: Hypertension was markedly increased in Sirt3-knockout (Sirt3 −/ − ) and SOD2-depleted (SOD2 +/ − ) mice in response to low dose of angiotensin II (0.3 mg/kg per day) compared with wild-type C57Bl/6J mice. Sirt3 depletion increased SOD2 acetylation, elevated mitochondrial O 2 · – , and diminished endothelial nitric oxide. Angiotensin II-induced hypertension was associated with Sirt3 S-glutathionylation, acetylation of vascular SOD2, and reduced SOD2 activity. Scavenging of mitochondrial H 2 O 2 in mCAT mice expressing mitochondria-targeted catalase prevented Sirt3 and SOD2 impairment and attenuated hypertension. Treatment of mice after onset of hypertension with a mitochondria-targeted H 2 O 2 scavenger, mitochondria-targeted hydrogen peroxide scavenger ebselen, reduced Sirt3 S-glutathionylation, diminished SOD2 acetylation, and reduced blood pressure in wild-type but not in Sirt3 −/− mice, whereas an SOD2 mimetic, (2-[2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino]-2-oxoethyl) triphenylphosphonium (mitoTEMPO), reduced blood pressure and improved vasorelaxation both in Sirt3 −/− and wild-type mice. SOD2 acetylation had an inverse correlation with SOD2 activity and a direct correlation with the severity of hypertension. Analysis of human subjects with essential hypertension showed 2.6-fold increase in SOD2 acetylation and 1.4-fold decrease in Sirt3 levels, whereas SOD2 expression was not affected. Conclusions: Our data suggest that diminished Sirt3 expression and redox inactivation of Sirt3 lead to SOD2 inactivation and contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
A multi-release software reliability modeling for open source software incorporating dependent fault detection process

The increasing dependence of our modern society on software systems has driven the development of software products become even more competitive and time-consuming. Single release software product no longer meets the increasing market requirements. Thereby it is important to release multiple version software products in order to add new features in the next release and fix remaining faults from previous release. In this paper, we develop a multi-release software reliability model with consideration of the remaining software faults from previous release and the new introduced-faults (from newly added features). Additionally, dependent fault detection process is taken into account in this research. In particular, the detection of a new fault for developing the next release depends on the detection of the remaining faults from previous release and the detection of the new introduced-faults. The proposed model is validated on the open source software project datasets with multiple releases.
Modeling of friction-stir butt-welds and its application in automotive bumper impact performance Part 2. Impact modeling and bumper crash performance

Ever increasing requirements regarding vehicle safety have led to rapid developments in various joining process. Among FSW widely used for Aluminum alloy welded structure of car body because of their remarkable performance in welding. For a better understanding of this performance, it is necessary to determine the behavior of butt weld in service conditions. In earlier phase of this study, thermo mechanical simulations and analysis are performed to understand the thermal behavior in the FSW weld zones. The developed models are correlated against published experimental results in terms of temperature profile of the weld zone. The objectives of the second part of this work is to develop and demonstrate an FE model of bumper and crash box assembly that would improve on the current modeling techniques for the mechanical response of welds in structural problems.
Elastic model for stress–tensor-induced martensitic transformation and lattice instability in silicon under large strains

Recent molecular dynamics simulations for phase transformations (PTs) Si ISi II under multiaxial loading revealed that lattice instability criteria for Si ISi II PTs are linear in the stresses norm...
Chapter 9: Compromising Methodology for Open Audiences

Using critical autoethnography, dramatic scenes, and poetry, the author/director/professor grapples with the complexity of creating a service-learning performance troupe for social justice that uses performance ethnographic research methodology to write and perform interactive monologues in Title 1 elementary and middle schools. The director struggles with tensions surrounding: (1) teaching performance ethnographic methodology, narrative interviewing, monologue writing, and oral storytelling; (2) adapting to the needs of community stakeholders; and (3) directing a performance troupe within the restraints of an academic course. The multifaceted goals and challenges of creating a service-learning performance troupe emerge through the professor’s, students’, and teachers’ responses to the project. The author concludes that the compromises to research methodology were necessary to achieve successful learning outcomes and social outreach.
Young Adult Female Cancer Survivors' Concerns About Future Children's Health and Genetic Risk.

As young adult female cancer survivors (aged 18–35) make family-building decisions, understanding the specific nature of their concerns is important. We evaluated survivors' concerns about potential health risks to future children including genetic susceptibility for cancer with an internet-based survey study (N = 187). Sixty-five percent reported concern about passing on a genetic cancer risk to their children, and scores did not vary regardless of association with cancer at high risk for genetic transmission. Genetic counseling and education about family-building options may be important to survivors concerned about health risks to offspring to support family-building decisions based on personalized medical information.
Forecasting Stock Prices Using Social Media Analysis

Stock market prices are becoming more and more volatile, largely due to improvements in technology and increased trading volume. Speculation affects business owners, investors, and policymakers alike. While these seemingly unpredictable trends continue, investors and consumers take to social media to share thoughts and opinions. We use information shared over StockTwits, a social media platform for investors, to better understand and predict individual stock prices. We designed and implemented three machine learning models to forecast stock prices using the dataset collected from StockTwits. We also evaluated our models with conclusions drawn from previous researchers in this field. Our first model found no correlation between general StockTwits postings and stock price. However, our second and third models considered a novel approach and successfully filtered through the twits to find important posts. These important twits could predict stock price movements with greater accuracy (average around 65%) based on sentiment analysis and smart user identification. We consider a user "smart" based on number of likes, follower count and more importantly how often the user is right about a stock.
Symptom control, treatment-induced nausea prophylaxis, and palliative radiation therapy.

In a topic that has been underrepresented in the journal to date, the first article in the current issue of Annals of Palliative Medicine focuses on perinatal palliative care.
A comparison between BMI and Conicity index on predicting coronary heart disease: the Framingham Heart Study.

PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship of mortality and morbidity of coronary heart disease with body mass index (BMI) and Conicity index (CI). METHODS: Among 5209 Framingham Heart Study participants, 1882 men and 2373 women had waist and weight measurement at the 4th examination period and height measured on the 5th visit. These were used for BMI and CI. RESULTS: During a 24-year follow-up, 597 men and 468 women developed CHD and 248 men and 150 women died from CHD associated causes. In men the relative risks (RR) (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, and total cholesterol for CHD incidence in 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles of BMI were 1.28 (1.0, 1.65), 1.45 (1.13, 1.86), and 1.53 (1.19, 1.96). The RR for CHD incidence in the 4th quartile of BMI in women was 1.56 (1.16, 2.08). No CI quartiles were risk factors for CHD incidence. There was 86% higher risk of CHD related death in the 4th quartile of BMI than the 1st quartile of BMI in women. In men no significantly higher risks of death were found across the quartiles of BMI. No associations were found between CI quartiles and CHD mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity as measured by BMI is an important risk factor for CHD incidence in men and women and for CHD mortality in women. CI was not associated with an increase in CHD incidence or mortality. Thus, BMI is a better marker than CI for predicting CHD incidence and mortality.