cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Function of Personal Growth Initiative on Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression Over and Above Adaptive and Maladaptive Rumination.

Objectives The current study examined whether various types of rumination are distinguishable and the effects of personal growth initiative (PGI) on posttraumatic growth, posttraumatic stress, and depression through adaptive and maladaptive rumination. Method Sample included 292 college students who experienced a potentially traumatic event (PTE). Results Intrusive and deliberative rumination were found to be distinct factors. However, brooding and reflection, thought to be separate aspects of depression, were a single factor. PGI was positively associated with growth and negatively associated with depression for both genders, and a negative relationship was found between PGI and posttraumatic stress among women. Indirect effects of PGI were found on posttraumatic stress and growth through different forms of rumination. These relations did not change after including the covariates (i.e., time since the trauma, direct exposure, and intentional harm). Conclusion The study provides new insight integrating rumination from the depression literature in the context of trauma and a potential benefit in applying PGI in alleviating pathology after a PTE and facilitating growth.
Some urocoptid land snails from Hispaniola

Four new species of Urocoptidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from the Dominican Republic are described. Three are tentatively placed in Autocoptis ( A. eburata sp. n., A. argiphrix sp. n. and A. stibe sp. n.). The fourth ( Allocoptis nebrias ), represents a new genus and species. A. stibe is from the Sierra de Neiba and the other three are from the Sierra de Baoruco. Descriptions of the shells, reproductive systems and radulae are given for the four species.
Sex Differences in Neuromuscular Fatigability of the Knee Extensors Post-Stroke.

Background and Purpose: Despite the implications of optimizing strength training post-stroke, little is known about the differences in fatigability between men and women with chronic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the sex differences in knee extensor muscle fatigability and potential mechanisms in individuals with stroke. Methods: Eighteen participants (10 men, eight women) with chronic stroke (≥6 months) and 23 (12 men, 11 women) nonstroke controls participated in the study. Participants performed an intermittent isometric contraction task (6 s contraction, 3 s rest) at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until failure to maintain the target torque. Electromyography was used to determine muscle activation and contractile properties were assessed with electrical stimulation of the quadriceps muscles. Results: Individuals with stroke had a briefer task duration (greater fatigability) than nonstroke individuals (24.1 ± 17 min vs. 34.9 ± 16 min). Men were more fatigable than women for both nonstroke controls and individuals with stroke (17.9 ± 9 min vs. 41.6 ± 15 min). Individuals with stroke had less fatigue-related changes in muscle contractile properties and women with stroke differed in their muscle activation strategy during the fatiguing contractions. Conclusions: Men and women fatigue differently post-stroke and this may be due to the way they neurally activate muscle groups.
Changes in optical properties during heating of ex vivo liver tissues

Thermal ablation is the use of heat to induce cell death through coagulative necrosis. Ideally, complete ablation of tumor cells with no damage to surrounding critical structures such as blood vessels, nerves or even organs is desired. Ablation monitoring techniques are often employed to ensure optimal tumor ablation. In thermal tissue ablation, tissue damage is known to be dependent on the temperature and time of exposure. Aptly, current methods for monitoring ablation rely profoundly on local tissue temperature and duration of heating to predict the degree of tissue damage. However, such methods do not take into account the microstructural and physiological changes in tissues as a result of thermocoagulation. Light propagation within biological tissues is known to be dependent on the tissue microstructure and physiology. During tissue denaturation, changes in tissue structure alter light propagations in tissue which could be used to directly assess the extent of thermal tissue damage. We report the use of a spectroscopic system for monitoring the tissue optical properties during heating of ex vivo liver tissues. We observed that during tissue denaturation, continuous changes in wavelength-averaged μa(λ) and μ’s(λ) followed a sigmoidal trend and are correlated with damage predicted by Arrhenius model.
Complex Coronary Hemodynamics - Simple Analog Modelling as an Educational Tool

OBJECTIVE Invasive coronary angiography remains the cornerstone for evaluation of coronary stenoses despite there being a poor correlation between luminal loss assessment by coronary luminography and myocardial ischemia. This is especially true for coronary lesions deemed moderate by visual assessment. Coronary pressure-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) has emerged as the gold standard for the evaluation of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery stenosis, which is cost effective and leads to improved patient outcomes. There are, however, several limitations to the use of FFR including the evaluation of serial stenoses. METHOD In this article, we discuss the electronic-hydraulic analogy and the utility of simple electrical modelling to mimic the coronary circulation and coronary stenoses. We exemplify the effect of tandem coronary lesions on the FFR by modelling of a patient with sequential disease segments and complex anatomy. RESULTS We believe that such computational modelling can serve as a powerful educational tool to help clinicians better understand the complexity of coronary hemodynamics and improve patient care.
Automated patent landscaping

Patent landscaping is the process of finding patents related to a particular topic. It is important for companies, investors, governments, and academics seeking to gauge innovation and assess risk. However, there is no broadly recognized best approach to landscaping. Frequently, patent landscaping is a bespoke human-driven process that relies heavily on complex queries over bibliographic patent databases. In this paper, we present Automated Patent Landscaping, an approach that jointly leverages human domain expertise, heuristics based on patent metadata, and machine learning to generate high-quality patent landscapes with minimal effort. In particular, this paper describes a flexible automated methodology to construct a patent landscape for a topic based on an initial seed set of patents. This approach takes human-selected seed patents that are representative of a topic, such as operating systems, and uses structure inherent in patent data such as references and class codes to "expand" the seed set to a set of "probably-related" patents and anti-seed "probably-unrelated" patents. The expanded set of patents is then pruned with a semi-supervised machine learning model trained on seed and anti-seed patents. This removes patents from the expanded set that are unrelated to the topic and ensures a comprehensive and accurate landscape.
Expression of disease resistance response genes in near-isogenic pea cultivars following challenge by Fusarium oxysporum race 1

Previous research on the pea/Fusarium oxysporum system has shown that the internal invasion of tap roots and hypocotyls was less frequent in the cultivar Vantage, which possesses a single dominant gene for resistance to Race 1, than in the cultivar M410 which is susceptible. We monitored these cultivar tissues for the expression of disease resistance response genes 49 and 206, previously associated with the expression of non-host resistance, in peas grown in soil naturally infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi (Race 1). The accumulation of distinct RNA products homologous with both genes was evident in the resistant cultivar in a period prior to and during the onset of wilt symptoms in the susceptible cultivar. Additional periods of RNA accumulation occurred in older flowering seedlings of both cultivars. These were not gene-specific RNA accumulations and were probably unrelated to resistance. Thus these response genes may contribute to normal cellular functions which are also utilized in the disease resistance response. The biochemical functions of genes 49 and 206 remain unknown.
Cell Signaling in Ascidian Sperm: Upstream and Downstream of Internal Calcium Release

In ascidians, sperm activation is characterized by the morphologically distinctive process of mitochondrial translocation. This process is known to be driven by actin:myosin interactions. We have studied mitochondrial translocation in sperm cells of Ascidia ceratodes and found it to be dependent on internal calcium release as well as external calcium entry. Here we show that (1) internal release is dependent upon the action of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate produced by G protein-dependent activation of a phospholipase Cβ, and (2) the rise in internal calcium ion concentration that results is linked to redistribution of protein kinase C from cytosolic sites to membranous sites where it triggers the signal transduction steps leading to mitochondrial translocation.
Local pH Effect in the CO2 Reduction Reaction on High-Surface-Area Copper Electrocatalysts

The local pH on electrode surfaces is known to play an important role in the electrochemical reduction of CO2, which could alter the chemical kinetics and molecular transport under the reaction conditions. Here we report the study of local pH effect on the catalytic performance of high-surface-area Cu electrocatalysts. The electroreduction of CO2 was systematically investigated on three types of Cu nanowires with distinct surface roughness factors and nanostructures. The measured electrocatalytic activities and selectivities were further correlated to the simulated local pH on the electrode surface. It was revealed that the high local pH induced by the production of hydroxide from the reaction beneficially suppresses the evolution of hydrogen and enhances the selectivity toward multi-carbon products, but detrimentally limits the transport of CO2 molecules at large current densities. An optimal range of local pH is determined for the electroreduction of CO2, which is insightful for improving the design of electrodes for more efficient energy conversion and chemical transformations.
Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty versus laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a case-matched study.

Background and Aims Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) reduces the gastric lumen to a size comparable with that of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). However, there is a paucity of research comparing outcomes between the 2 procedures. Our study compared the 6-month weight loss outcomes and adverse events of ESG with LSG in a case-matched cohort. Methods We retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data for patients undergoing ESG or LSG at a single academic center. Weight was recorded at 1 and 6 months postprocedure, and percent total body weight loss (%TBWL) was calculated. Adverse events and new-onset Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) were also recorded. Results A total of 54 ESG patients were matched with 83 LSG patients by age, sex, and body mass index. The proportion of patients with GERD at baseline was similar in the 2 groups (16.7% in ESG group vs 25.3% in LSG group, P = .27). At the 6-month follow-up, %TBWL (compared with baseline) was significantly lower in the ESG group compared with the LSG group (17.1% ± 6.5% vs 23.6% ± 7.6%, P Conclusions ESG, a minimally invasive same-day procedure, achieved less weight loss at 6 months than LSG, with the caveat that LSG caused more adverse events and new-onset GERD than ESG.
Association of genomic alterations (GAs) in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with progression on abiraterone acetate (AA) or enzalutamide (enza) in advanced prostate cancer.

5048Background: Two androgen axis inhibitors, enza and AA plus prednisone, are approved for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (aPC). Although initial responses are common with these agents,...
Expansion cohort of partially irradiated tumors on a phase 1 trial of pembrolizumab and ablative radiotherapy.

TPS3122Background: Preclinical studies suggest multi-organ site ablative radiation therapy (MOSART) may enhance systemic anti-tumor response through altering the balance of innate and adaptive immu...
An emerging methodology for studying mathematics concept learning and instructional design

Abstract Our microgenetic research methodology was developed for two purposes: 1) to develop greater understanding of conceptual learning and instructional design that promotes conceptual learning and 2) to develop empirically-based hypothetical learning trajectories for particular mathematical concepts. The challenge in developing the methodology was to afford analysis of the learning process (e.g., the transition), not just identification of conceptual steps through which learners progress. The methodology, developed by the Learning Through Activity research program, was based on constructivist teaching experiment methodology. Modifications were made to data collection for the purposes outlined and a multi-level retrospective analysis was developed.
Sub-550mV SRAM Design in 22nm FinFET Low Power (22FFL) Technology with Self-Induced Collapse Write Assist

Exceptionally low minimum operating voltage (V MIN ) SRAM arrays have been demonstrated on 22nm FinFET low power technology (22FFL) [1]. By optimizing an undoped SRAM transistor and applying industry standard write assist techniques, 16Mb array of 0.087μm2 high-density bitcell (HDC) and 32Mb array of 0.107μm2 high-current bitcell (HCC) achieve the 95th percentile V MIN of 505mV and 450mV respectively across a temperature range of -10°C to 95°C. A self-induced collapse (SIC) write assist integrated into the 6-T HDC SRAM bitcell array enables 110mV V MIN reduction relative to an unassisted array at the 95th percentile with negligible power overhead.
Aerosol-synthesized siliceous nanoparticles: impact of morphology and functionalization on biodistribution.

Introduction Siliceous nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied in nanomedicine due to their high biocompatibility and immense biomedical potential. Although numerous technologies have been developed, the synthesis of siliceous NPs for biomedical applications mainly relies on a few core technologies predominantly intended to produce spherical-shaped NPs. Methods In this context, the impact of different morphologies of siliceous NPs on biodistribution in vivo is limited. In the present study, we developed a novel technique based on an aerosol silane reactor to produce sintered silicon NPs of similar size but different surface areas due to distinct spherical subunits. Silica-converted particles were functionalized for radiolabeling with copper-64 (64Cu) to systematically analyze their behavior in the passive targeting of A431 tumor xenografts in mice after intravenous injection. Results While low nonspecific uptake was observed in most organs, the majority of particles were accumulated in the liver, spleen, and lung. Depending on the morphologies and function-alization, significant differences in the uptake profiles of the particles were observed. In terms of tumor uptake, spherical shapes with lower surface areas showed the highest accumulation and tumor-to-blood ratios of all investigated particles. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of shape and fuctionalization of siliceous NPs on organ and tumor accumulation as significant factors for biomedical applications.
Metaphyseal Fixation Using Highly Porous Cones in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Minimum Two Year Follow Up Study.

Abstract Background Highly porous metaphyseal cones have been introduced to restore metaphyseal integrity for improved cement interdigitation to achieve durable fixation in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study is to review the survivorship, clinical results, and complications of revision TKA using highly porous 3-dimensionally printed titanium metaphyseal cones. Methods This is a review of 62 revision TKAs using metaphyseal tibial cones, with 15 cases utilizing both tibial and femoral cones. The mean age of the patients was 66 years (range 32-84) who had a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 24-34). There were 38 women and 24 men, who had a mean body mass index of 33 (range 18.3-62). Results Revision-free survival of the cones was 90.2%. If infection was excluded, survivorship was 100%. There were no cases of aseptic loosening. The mean Knee Society Score improved from 51 points preoperatively to 80 points at the time of latest follow-up. The mean Knee Society Functional Score improved from 48 points preoperatively to 68 points. A total of 15 of the 62 patients (24%) required additional surgery: 10 (16%) for infection, 3 (5%) for contracture, 1 for patellar subluxation, and 1 for quadriceps tendon rupture. Conclusion Metaphyseal fixation is important for survivorship in revision TKA which can be challenging due to cancellous and structural bone loss encountered at the time of revision. Prosthetic joint infection continues to be the leading cause of failure in revision TKA. The use of highly porous titanium metaphyseal cones produced from 3-dimensionally printed technology used in this study demonstrated excellent short-term results with no cases of aseptic loosening. Further follow-up is required to determine if these results can be durable over a longer period.
On the robustness of attenuation measurements on teleseismic P waves: insights from micro-array analysis of the 2017 North Korean nuclear test

Author(s): Bezada, MJ; Byrnes, J; Eilon, Z | Abstract: SUMMARY Despite their importance as a fundamental constraint on Earth properties, regional-scale measurements of body-wave seismic attenuation are scarce. This is partially a result of the difficulty in producing robust estimates of attenuation. In this paper, we focus on measuring differential attenuation on records of teleseismic P waves. We examine a unique data set of five records of the North Korean nuclear test of 2017 measured at five broad-band seismic stations deployed within a few metres of each other but using different installation procedures. Given their extreme proximity, we expect zero differential intrinsic attenuation between the different records. However, we find that different attenuation measurement methods and implementation parameters in fact produce significant apparent differential attenuation (Δt*). Frequency-domain methods yield a wide range of Δt* estimates between stations, depending on measurement bandwidth and nuances of signal processing. This measurement instability increases for longer time windows. Time domain methods are largely insensitive to the frequency band being considered but are sensitive to the time window that is chosen. We determine that signal-generated noise can affect measurements in both the frequency and time domain. In some cases, the range of results amounts to a significant fraction of the range of differential attenuation across the conterminous United States as determined by a recent study. We suggest some approaches to manage the inherent instability in these measurements and recommend best practices to confidently estimate body wave attenuation.
The Role of Affect in is Research: A Critical Survey and a Research Model, in Hci and Mis (I): Foundations

Most existing models or theories in IS focus on the cognitive and behavioral aspects of human decision-making processes and on individual reactions to using technologies in organizations and other contexts. The influence of affect or emotion is traditionally neglected. The affective aspect, however, is considered crucial, and has gained attention in psychology, marketing, organizational behavior, and other fields. Recently, affect and related concepts have attracted attention from researchers in information systems (IS) and human-computer interaction (HCI). Yet, studies of affect have been scattered and less systematic. This paper first examines the theoretical advancement of affect studies in several referencing disciplines to IS: psychology, organizational psychology, and marketing and consumer behavior. An abstract model of the individual interacting with an object (IIO) is developed to represent the important contributors to behavior intention and behavior of people interacting with objects. Then the chapter continues with a comprehensive survey of existing studies on affect in the IS discipline to demonstrate the current status of the research stream, some conceptual discrepancies and limitations, and some potential areas for future research. An IT-specific model of IIO, a model of individual interaction with IT (IIIT), is constructed as both a framework and a theoretical model to interpret and predict individual IT user behavior. This study is an attempt to highlight and systematically analyze the influence of affect in IS and therefore has great implications for both researchers and practitioners.
Multi-millijoule Ho:YLF based amplifier for pumping mid-infrared OPCPA at 1 kHz

Here we present Ho:YLF based multi-pass amplifier operating at 1 kHz repetition rate and seeded by 3-μJ pulses from DC-OPA emitting pulses at 10 mJ energy and compressed duration of 5.6 ps. The pulses are stretched and compressed in single chirp volume Bragg Grating.
Reproductive physiology of bonefishes (Albula spp.) across the Northwest Bahamas

Bonefishes (Albula spp.) are classified within the superorder Elopomorpha, which is comprised of over 1000 species that share a unique leptocephalus larval stage. Bonefishes have a circum-tropical distribution, inhabiting inshore shallow water flats and gathering in presumptive nearshore pre-spawn aggregations (PSA) during spawning months. These fishes support economically important recreational fisheries and subsistence fisheries throughout their ranges, yet little is known regarding their reproductive biology. Analysis of oocyte development and nutrient composition, and sex and gonadotrophic hormone levels, was conducted on females sampled in Grand Bahama, Central Andros, and South Andros, The Bahamas, to assess their reproductive state. Fish collected from the flats habitats along all three islands exhibited four major reproductive phases (immature, developing, spawning capable, and regressing). In contrast, all females captured at presumptive PSA sites had eggs in the final stage of oocyte maturation, significantly higher levels of all reproductive hormones (17β-estradiol, testosterone, and LH), larger vitellogenic oocytes, and oocytes exhibiting germinal vesicle migration and germinal vesicle breakdown. In addition, monthly variability in hormone levels and spawning readiness between Grand Bahama and Andros PSAs suggest that peak spawning times may differ among regions. Fatty acid and free amino acid composition and profiles, with high proportions of docosahexaenoic acid, histidine, and taurine, suggest that these nutrients are not only relevant as energy reserves, but also help achieve buoyancy and osmoregulation of oocytes. This study expands upon our understanding of fish reproductive and developmental physiology, and indicates potential factors influencing the survival and recruitment of bonefishes.
Serial Point-of-care Echocardiography Performed by an Emergency Physician to Guide Thrombolytic Management of Massive Pulmonary Embolism.

Massive pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality burden. The rapid diagnosis of PE can be supported with focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) by identifying signs of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD). This case report describes a patient with hemodynamically unstable massive PE who received systemic thrombolytic therapy. Emergency physicians performed serial FOCUS examinations to assess the resolution of RVD in guidance of clinical management.
Using PhotoVoice as an Evaluation Method

Background: Engaging with youth through PhotoVoice is beneficial as a program evaluation method and functions as a method of inquiry to understand youths’ perceptions of a college preparation program. The students used PhotoVoice to respond to prompts about how they learn and their opinions of the college preparation program. Purpose: This reflection of practice article provides an example of PhotoVoice as an evaluation method. Setting: This evaluation was conducted during the summer college preparation programming. Intervention: The combination of student photography, photo gallery walk, and group discussion as an evaluation method. Research Design: A qualitative reflective design. Data Collection and Analysis: The student photographs, narratives, and observational notes were analyzed thematically. Findings: We found that the youths enjoyed the unique experience of PhotoVoice. The combination of student photography, narratives, gallery walk, and group discussion, were useful as an inquiry tool for this youth program.
Exploring Affordable Care Act and Health Insurance Information Seeking with Google Trends

Objective: This study investigates how Google searches for health insurance and Affordable Care Act (ACA) information vary over time, specifically the time leading up to a presidential election, an...
Production of π±, K±, p and $\bar p$ in Quark, Antiquark and Gluon Jets

We present measurements of identified charged hadron production over a wide momentum range using the SLD Cherenkov Ring Imaging Detector. In addition to studying flavor-inclusive Z0 decays, we compare particle production in decays into light, c and b flavors and compare production in gluon jets with that in light quark jets, where the jet flavors are selected using precision vertex information.
Testing Smart DTN Routing Using Cloudlab

A series of experiments were conducted using both CloudLab and a dedicated laboratory testbed to test the performance of the Cognitive Space Gateways (CSG)-an approach to DTN routing that exploits a spiking neural network as a learning element to discover and dynamically forward data bundles. The experiments focus on evaluating the average response time of bundles and throughput of a data flow sent at given traffic intensity over an emulated space network. The same topology and identical, repeatable tests were run on both facilities. The results help to validate the performance of the CSG routing approach compared to the Contact Graph Routing algorithm using independent experimental settings. Furthermore, the experiments reveal some of the challenges associated to the use of network virtualization, as done in CloudLab, when applied to network performance measurements.
Assessing the condition of spectral channelization (energy binning) in photon-counting CT: a singular value decomposition based approach

To further understand the fundamentals of photon-counting spectral CT and provide guidelines on its design and implementation, we propose a singular value decomposition (SVD) based approach to assess the conditioning of spectral channelization and its impact on the performance of spectral imaging under both ideal and realistic detector spectral response. The study runs over two- and three-material decomposition based spectral imaging (material specific imaging). A specially designed phantom that mimics the soft and bony tissues in the head is used to reveal the relationship between the conditioning of spectral channelization and the imaging performance (noise and contrast-to-noise ratio). The study also runs over the cases with up to 50% spectral overlapping and gapping. Under ideal detector spectral response, the condition number of spectral channelization reaches the minimum while no overlapping occurs in spectral channels, and increments with increasing spectral overlapping, and so does in the situation while gapping occurs. The distortion in detector’s spectral response due to charge-sharing and fluorescent escaping inevitably leads to spectral overlapping and thus degrades the conditioning of spectral channelization. With increasing condition number, the noise increases and contrast-to-noise ratio decreases, respectively. The proposed approach, especially its coverage on the situation wherein gapping occurs in spectral channelization, is novel and may provide information for insightful understanding of the fundamentals and guidelines on implementation of spectral imaging in photon-counting and energy-integration CT, and other x-ray imaging modalities such as radiography and tomosynthesis.
Eating inequity: The injustice that brings us our food

As we eat, we transform social, natural, and economic systems. Here we briefly explore these trans­formations.
Meta-Analytic Methods to Detect Publication Bias in Behavior Science Research

Publication bias is an issue of great concern across a range of scientific fields. Although less documented in the behavior science fields, there is a need to explore viable methods for evaluating publication bias, in particular for studies based on single-case experimental design logic. Although publication bias is often detected by examining differences between meta-analytic effect sizes for published and grey studies, difficulties identifying the extent of grey studies within a particular research corpus present several challenges. We describe in this article several meta-analytic techniques for examining publication bias when published and grey literature are available as well as alternative meta-analytic techniques when grey literature is inaccessible. Although the majority of these methods have primarily been applied to meta-analyses of group design studies, our aim is to provide preliminary guidance for behavior scientists who might use or adapt these techniques for evaluating publication bias. We provide sample data sets and R scripts to follow along with the statistical analysis in hope that an increased understanding of publication bias and respective techniques will help researchers understand the extent to which it is a problem in behavior science research.
Effects of infusion of leucine and other essential amino acids on leucine metabolism in humans

Infusion of leucine intravenously in normal postabsorptive humans appears to stimulate leucine oxidation and non-oxidative leucine disappearance (an estimate of protein synthesis). However, estimates of leucine kinetics made during these studies are complicated because the pool being sampled is also being perturbed by the exogenous leucine infusion. Despite this problem, isotope dilution techniques using a radioactive tracer to measure the rate of appearance of an intravenous leucine infusion labeled with a stable tracer appear to be valid at least up to an infusion rate of 0.5 μmol of leucine.kg-1. min-1. Preliminary reports using other amino acid tracers during an exogenous leucine infusion suggest that leucine may not affect protein degradation until rates of leucine infusion are ≥1.0 μmol.kg-1. min-1.
Hepatic and Other Systemically Induced Encephalopathies: Applications of MRS

The sections in this article are 1 Background: Biochemistry of Coma 2 Neurochemical Pathology of Hepatic Encephalopathy 3 Animal Studies in HE using Multinuclear MR Spectroscopy 4 Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management of HE in Man: The Emerging Role of Proton MRS 5 Energetics of the Human Brain in HE 6 Subclinical HE 7 mI Depletion and the Induction of HE 8 Restoration of Cerebral mI and Cho Accompanies Reversal of HE 9 Ornithine Transcarbamylase (OTC) Deficiency 10 Contribution of NMR to Clinical HE 11 Other Systemic Encephalopathies 12 Conclusions 13 Acknowledgements 14 Biographical Sketch Related Articles
Mechanism of Ozone Inactivation of Bacteriophage f2

Abstract The inactivation kinetics of bacteriophage f2 were studied by using ozone under controlled laboratory conditions. The phage were rapidly inactivated during the first 5 s of the reaction by 5 and 7 logs at ozone concentrations of 0.09 and 0.8 mg/liter, respectively. During the next 10 min, the phage were further inactivated at a slower rate in both treatments. The [3H]uridine-labeled f2 phage and its ribonucleic acid (RNA) were examined to elucidate the mechanism of ozone inactivation, utilizing adsorption to host bacteria, sucrose density gradient analysis, and electron microscopy. The specific adsorption of the phage was reduced by ozonation in the same pattern as plaque-forming unit reduction. RNA was released from the phage particles during ozonation, although it had reduced infectivity for spheroplasts. Electron microscopic examination showed that the phage coat was broken by ozonation into many protein subunit pieces and that the specific adsorption of the phage to host pili was inversely related to the extent of phage breakage. The RNA enclosed in the phage coat was inactivated less by ozonation than were whole phage, but inactivated more than naked RNA. These findings suggest that ozone breaks the protein capsid into subunits, liberating RNA and disrupting adsorption to the host pili, and that the RNA may be secondarily sheared by a reduction with and/or without the coat protein molecules, which have been modified by ozonation.
Decreased activation of NF-κB and expression of related genes in IRAK-1SNP 532 neutrophils from volunteers exposed to endotoxin and in unstimulated neutrophils from septic patients

Neutrophils have been involved in sepsis-induced organ damage. Neutrophils could be directly activated by TLR binding ligands including LPS. IRAK-1 is one of many intracellular proteins that are activated upon stimulation of TL receptors. This triggers a series of events that results in the migration of NF-κB into the nucleus and the activation NF-κB-dependent genes.
Keynesian and monetarist theories of the monetary transmission process: Doctrinal aspects

Abstract This paper investigates the doctrinal link underlying differences between Keynesian and monetarist approaches regarding the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Consideration of the post- General Theory literature reveals that a key aspect of that link concerns the velocity of circulation of money. The Keynesian emphasis on compartmentalizing the demand for money into active and idle components resulted in a mechanical interpretation of velocity and the associated view that money does not matter. The monetarist tradition illustrates the behavioral perspective adduced to velocity via adaptive price expectations by earlier quantity theorists leading to a capital-theoretic reformulation of the quantity theory in terms of a stable demand function for money.
Opening the Platform vs. Opening the Complementary Good? The Effect on Product Innovation in Handheld Computing

Some open strategies involve giving up control of a core platform technology. Others involve encouraging outsiders to build complementary innovations on top of the core technology. While these approaches often go hand in hand, I argue they should relate to different objectives, instruments and economic mechanisms. This paper presents evidence from a panel of handheld computing systems (1990-2004) to reveal different relationships between rates of new handheld device introductions and different open strategies. The core of the analysis deals with addressing endogeneity concerns and assuring that econometric comparisons between policy switchers and non-switchers are meaningful. I find that opening the complement (in terms of licensing and IP policies) was related to up to five-times acceleration in the development of new devices. The degree of openness mattered, too; intermediate levels of opening the complement were associated with fastest rates. Opening the platform (in terms of ownership, vertical scope and outside contributions) was associated with a smaller effect, a roughly 20% acceleration in development rates. I interpret these results in the light of emerging theories of openness and innovation.
A High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer for Soft X-ray and EUV Astronomy

A new design is presented for high resolution spectroscopy from 80 to 400 A. This design employs grazing incidence optics and variable line-spaced gratings to achieve high resolution. Unlike some previously proposed EUV echelles, this design employs straight groove planar gratings, which are a well-proven, easily manufactured design. The instrument delivers a peak resolution of 7500 and a peak effective area of 3 sq cm.
On the Electronic Spectra of a Molecular Bridge Under Non-Equilibrium Electric Potential Conditions

The linear response of the electronic density of a molecular based junction under potential bias conditions to a probing polarizing perturbation is calculated to model the electronic spectra. It is shown that steady flux conditions lead to dramatic effects on the electronic spectra of the confined system. The non-equilibrium conditions enable electronic transitions that are otherwise forbidden. The implemented methodology uses the Keldysh contour formalism to express the electronic equations of motion. The related time correlation Green Functions are then solved for in the full frequency representation and at the linear response level.
Devorah Heitner, Black Power TV

In his book Blacks in White TV: African Americans in Television Since 1948, J. Fred MacDonald (1992) suggests that “there can be no doubt that for African Americans in television, the last half of the 1960s was a Golden Age” (p. 117). His proclamation is rooted in the notion that the late 1960s featured an increased number of black actors and actresses in leading and supporting roles, and the roles largely did not rely on prominent stereotypes of African Americans rooted in minstrelsy traditions. While MacDonald only considers fictional series on network television, including I, Spy, Julia, and Star Trek, Devorah Heitner’s Black Power TV implicitly suggests that the same period was a Golden Age for black public television. However, Heitner’s discussion of black public television suggests that these series were rooted in a sense of cultural blackness that escaped many of the largely white-produced series on commercial network television. In his seminal work, Watching Race: Television and the Struggle for Blackness, Herman Gray (1995) suggests that network television series in the late 1960s and early 1970s were rooted in assimilationist discourses that created worlds that were “distinguished by the complete elimination, or, at best, marginalization of social and cultural difference in the interest of shared and universal similarity” (p. 85). In this way, Heitner’s Black Power TV suggests that public television centered blackness in a way that distinguished it from black representation in commercial television.
A trifunctional cyclooctyne for modifying azide-labeled biomolecules with photocrosslinking and affinity tags

A bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)-based cyclooctyne reagent bearing a photocrosslinking diazirine (DAz) group and a biotin affinity handle, BCN–DAz–Biotin, is reported. BCN–DAz–Biotin is capable of simultaneously delivering photocrosslinking and affinity tags to azide-labeled biomolecules, enabling photoactivated capture and enrichment/detection of interacting species in native contexts.
Autoantibodies Against Integral Membrane Proteins of the Nuclear Envelope in Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Background/Aims: Autoantibodies against nuclear membrane proteins have been identified in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of these autoantibodies in patients with PBC and examine their significance. Methods: An assay using recombinant polypeptides was designed to unequivocally detect autoantibodies against gp210 and the lamin B receptor, integral proteins of the nuclear membranes. Results: Autoantibodies against gp210 were detected in 15 of 159 patients with PBC and 0 of 46 controls. Autoantibodies against lamin B receptor were detected in 2 patients with PBC and 0 controls. The presence of these autoantibodies had a sensitivity of 11% and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of PBC. Autoantibodies against gp210 were present in 4 of 19 (21%) patients with PBC who did not have detectable antimitochondrial antibodies. Patients with PBC and gp210 autoantibodies had a higher incidence of associated arthritis. Conclusions: Autoantibodies against gp210 and the lamin B receptor are present in approximately 10% of patients with PBC. These autoantibodies are highly specific for the diagnosis of PBC and may be useful in diagnosing individuals without antimitochondrial antibodies and in identifying a subgroup of patients with an increased incidence of associated arthritis.
Stochastic backpropagation: a learning algorithm for generalization problems

Neural networks have traditionally been applied to recognition problems, and most learning algorithms are tailored to those problems. The authors discuss the requirements of learning for generalization, which is NP-complete and cannot be approached by traditional methods based on gradient descent. They present a stochastic learning algorithm based on simulated annealing in weight space. The convergence properties and feasibility of the algorithm are verified. >
Formation of N-Nitrosopiperidine from Piperidine and Sodium Nitrite in the Stomach and the Isolated Intestinal Loop of the Rat

SINCE the first report of hepatic cancer in rats induced by nitrosodimethylamine1, many nitrosamines have been shown to be carcinogenic in a wide range of organs of a wide variety of species1–4. Following the suggestion that dietary nitrite and secondary amines might interact in the human stomach to form nitrosamines5, such synthesis has been demonstrated in vitro with animal and human gastric juice6,7, and in vivo in laboratory animals7 and man8; nitrosamine synthesis was pH-dependent7–10. Nitrosamines can also be synthesized in vitro at near neutral pH values in the presence of enteric bacteria11; yields of nitrosamines are also determined by the basicity of the secondary amine. Presumptive evidence for in vivo synthesis of nitrosamines has been demonstrated by the induction of tumours in rats following chronic feeding of nitrite and secondary amines11. We report here the synthesis of nitrosopiperidine in rats from nitrite and piperidine in gastric contents in vitro, and in the stomach and in the small intestine in vivo.
Use of self-management strategies in a 2-year cognitive-behavioral intervention to promote physical activity

Training in the use of self-management strategies (e.g., self-monitoring, positive self-talk) is common in behavioral and cognitive interventions, and participants' strategy use is a hypothesized mechanism for behavior change. However, reports of strategy use and the relation between strategy use and outcomes are rare. The use of cognitive and behavior strategies pertinent to increasing physical activity was assessed via survey at post-course, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up among 256 university seniors randomly assigned to either an intervention that promoted strategy use or to a non-behavioral health course (control). Strategy use was higher among intervention relative to control women only at post-course, but was significantly related to women's leisure-time physical activity at post-course, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up after controlling for prior physical activity and condition. Men's strategy use did not differ by condition at any time point, but was associated with men's physical activity at 2-year follow-up. Strategy use was also assessed among intervention participants during ongoing phone contact. Participants' frequency of goal setting accounted for an additional 5.1% of women's physical activity variance at the 2-year assessment, but strategy use assessed on this ongoing basis was not related to men's physical activity. Examining proposed intervention mechanisms of change and the relation between these mechanisms and outcomes is paramount to improving cognitive-behavioral interventions.
Characteristics of Migrants Within the Framework of Current Migration Direction in the United States: Some Evidence From Micro-Data Analysis

In recent years, there has been growing interest in the phenomenon of an apparent population distribution reversal in the United States. This paper examines the characteristics of migrants participating in such moves between 1969 and 1977, based on data from a longitudinal nationwide household sample survey conducted by the University of Michigan. The data show that the amount of ruralward migration outweighs that of urbanward migration. While the ruralward migration was particularly prevalent in the Northeast, the direction of migration in the South was predominantly urbanward. Ruralward migrants appeared to be young single people and young married people without children, as well as stable families. The “most ruralward” migrants tended to be from the most highly urban environments. This new pattern of migration is independent of both “white suburban flight” and the “sun-belt” phenomenon. The findings suggest an important societal reorganization towards a newer “post-industrial” and less urban population distribution.
Supernova neutrinos and their oscillations.

Three-neutrino oscillations, both in a vacuum and in matter, are applied to the supernova neutrino flux. It is found that oscillations can change the flux substantially, reducing the number of directional events in the Kamioka nucleon-decay experiment and increasing the number of isotropic events in the Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven experiment. If any of the observed directional events from SN1987A can be attributed to neutronization, then most of the parameter region which solves the solar-neutrino problem is disfavored. The e-\ensuremath{\tau} nonadiabatic solution would be the most probable.
An Anonymous Survey of Psychosomatic Medicine Fellowship Directors Regarding Breaches of Contracts and a Proposal for Prevention

Objective The authors studied how often applicants accept positions at more than one program, or programs offer positions to applicants who have already signed contracts with other programs.
Design and implementation of a clinical data management system

Abstract Increasing activity in the use of computers for acquisition, storage, and retrieval of medical information has been stimulated by the growing complexity of medical care, and the needs for standardization, quality control, and retrievability of clinical data. Criteria for the design of a clinical data management system include flexibility in its interface with its environment, the capability of handling variable length text string data, and of organizing it in tree-structured files, the availability of this data to a multi-user environment, and the existence of a high-level language facility for programming and development of the system. The scale and cost of the computer configuration required to meet these demands must nevertheless permit gradual expansion, modularity, and usually duplication of hardware. The MGH Utility Multi-Programming System (MUMPS) is a compact time-sharing system on a medium-scale computer dedicated to clinical data management applications. A novel system design based on a reentrant high-level language interpreter has permitted the implementation of a highly responsive, flexible system, both for research and development and for economical, reliable service operation.
Language use in consultation: Can "we" help teachers and students?

Analyzing the use of function words such as pronouns in conversation is an increasingly popular approach in social psychology, but has not yet been applied to the study of school-based consultation. The two central purposes of this study were to: (1) examine how language is used by consultants-in-training (CITs) and consultees within a collaborative model of consultation, and (2) to explore the relation between language use and the collaborative relationship, consultee outcomes, and client outcomes. Analyses focused on CITs’ (n = 18) and consultees’ (n = 18) use of pronouns in a problem identification and analysis (PID/PA) session of problem solving. Data indicated CITs and consultees used pronouns differently during PID/PA, particularly first-person plural words (e.g., we, us, our), and some of these differences were related to consultation outcomes. Implications of this research for school consultation practice and potential avenues for future research are explored.