cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HIV/AIDS in the Era of COVID-19: A Juxtaposition of Two Pandemics.

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted persons with HIV interfering with critical health services for HIV prevention, treatment, and care. While there are multiple profiles of persons living with HIV and the impact of COVID-19 may differ for each, the severity of COVID-19 disease in persons with HIV is related strongly to the presence of comorbidities that increase the risk of severe disease in COVID-19 patients in the absence of HIV. An effective response to the juxtaposition of the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics requires a novel coordinated and collaborative global effort of scientists, industry, and community partners to accelerate basic and clinical research, as well as implementation science to operationalize evidence-based interventions expeditiously in real-world settings. The accelerated development and clinical evaluation of prevention and treatment countermeasures is urgently needed to mitigate the juxtaposition of the HIV and COVID-19 pandemics.
Thermoelectric and Charge Transport Properties of Solution-Processable and Chemically Doped Dioxythienothiophene Copolymers

This study reports the electronic properties of a family of 3,6-dioxythienothiophene copolymer thin films (referred to as DOTTs) as a function of F4TCNQ doping level. We find that DOTTs have unusua...
Information Sources and Lower-Division Undergraduate Research Assignments

This study sheds light on the reasoning behind the types of resources instructors require students to use when completing lower-division undergraduate research assignments. There is currently a dearth of information in the literature on this topic despite the prominent role research assignments play in higher education today. This study seeks to share data to help instructors and librarians reach a shared understanding of the goals for research assignments that can be used as a basis for improved collaboration and, ultimately, student success.
Smoking status links habenular volume to glycated hemoglobin: Findings from the Human Connectome Project-Young Adult

Abstract Background The habenula-pancreas axis regulates the stimulatory effects of nicotine on blood glucose levels and may participate in the emergence of type 2 diabetes in human tobacco smokers. This secondary analysis of young adults from the Human Connectome Project (HCP-YA) evaluated whether smoking status links the relationship between habenular volume and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker of long-term glycemic control. Methods Habenula segmentation was performed using a fully-automated myelin content-based approach in HCP-YA participants and the results were inspected visually (n = 693; aged 22–37 years). A linear regression analysis was used with habenular volume as the dependent variable, the smoking-by-HbA1c interaction as the independent variable of interest, and age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, income, employment status, body mass index, and total gray matter volume as covariates. Results Habenula volume and HbA1c were similar in smokers and nonsmokers. There was a significant interaction effect (F(1, 673)= 5.03, p = 0.025) indicating that habenular volume was related to HbA1c in a manner that depended on smoking status. Among participants who were smokers (n = 120), higher HbA1c was associated with apparently larger habenular volume (β = 6.74, standard error=2.36, p = 0.005). No such association between habenular volume and HbA1c was noted among participants who were nonsmokers (n = 573). Discussion Blood glucose levels over an extended time period, reflected by HbA1c, were correlated with habenular volume in smokers, consistent with a relationship between the habenula and blood glucose homeostasis in smokers. Future studies are needed to evaluate how habenular function relates to glycemic control in smokers and nonsmokers.
Note on Martin v. City & County of San Francisco (2005) 135 CA4th 392, 37 CR3d 470

Proposed alteration to interior of privately owned single-family residence designated city landmark and listed on state and federal historic registers not subject to CEQA review.
From conventional technology to carbon nanotechnology: The fourth industrial revolution and the discoveries of C60, carbon nanotube and nanodiamond

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with a range of issues—from conventional technology to carbon nanotechnology—where the versatility of carbon materials can be experienced when a good metal is in the form of two-dimensional (2D) graphite, super hard 3D semiconductor in the form of diamond, a quantum dot fullerene molecules, and a 1D quantum wire carbon nanotubes. The best model of systematically organizing matter at nanometer-length scale is in naturally occurring biological systems. Proteins join with other molecules to form huge assemblies both inside, and outside of individual cells, as cellular organelles, and extracellular matrix. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) is used to examine carbon samples generated by an arc-discharge method. Carbon nanotubes are viewed as a graphite sheet that is rolled up into a nanoscale tube form. Carbon nanotechnology in a systematic approach from scientific fundamentals to practical applications, with comprehensive references and remarks on cutting-age research by leading scientists, are also discussed in the chapter.
Polarization Interferometers for Infrared Spectrometry

Principles and applications of interferometers based on polarization division of incoming light are described in this article. The applications of interferometers include polarization division of incoming light using either a Wollaston prism or a wiregrid beamsplitter. The interferometers with wiregrid beam splitters utilizing flat mirrors are referred to as polarizing Michelson interferometers; those utilizing roof-top mirrors are referred to as Martin–Puplett interferometers; and those utilizing cube corner mirrors are referred to as polarization division interferometers with cube corner mirrors. There are distinct advantages offered by each of these interferometers, which hopefully will renew interest in developing commercial products. Keywords: interferometers; polarization division; polarizing; Michelson; Martin-Puplett; Wollaston; wiregrid; beamsplitters
Quantitative assessment of Ge-68 breakthrough from a commercial titanium-dioxide based Ge-68/Ga-68 generator

1186 Objectives To quantitatively assess Ge-68 breakthrough in the eluant of a commercial Ge-68/Ga-68 generator used for routine Ga-68 DOTATOC production, and to measure whether and where in the synthesis Ge-68 is trapped. Methods A series of 110 successive elutions of the Eckert & Ziegler (EZ) Ge-68/Ga-68 IGG-100 generator, including 60 Ga-68 DOTATOC syntheses (EZ Modular Lab), were performed over 6 months. In all cases, two generators were placed in series. The generators were routinely milked the day prior to a DOTATOC synthesis resulting in two datasets - the first with only raw eluant, the second associated with a DOTATOC synthesis. To quantitatively assess breakthrough, all eluant and synthesis components were counted using an energy and efficiency calibrated NaI well detector after all Ga-68 had decayed. Raw eluant samples and DOTATOC final product vials were also assessed by high purity germanium detector gamma spectroscopy to check for radionuclidic impurities. Results Depending upon generator age, elutions yielded 1.3-1.85 GBq (35-50 mCi), while DOTATOC syntheses typically yielded 600-900 MBq (16-25 mCi). Ge-68 breakthrough averaged 673 ± 514 Bq (18 ± 14 nCi) resulting in an average Ge-68/Ga-68 generator breakthrough ratio of approximately 0.5 Bq/MBq (0.5 nCi/mCi). The amount of Ge-68 in the eluant increased as a function of days between elutions, averaging 510±427 Bq (13.8 ± 11.5 nCi) for a single day, up to 1226 ± 862 Bq (33 ± 23 nCi) with 5+ days between elutions. Spectroscopic analysis of all synthesis components of the DOTATOC syntheses, including the final product, demonstrated that the combined cation exchange preconcentration step, radiolabeling reaction, and final reverse phase C-18 purification effectively removed all Ge-68 from the final DOTATOC product. Conclusions Elution of the EZ Ge-68/Ga-68 IGG-100 generator results in tolerably low Ge-68 breakthrough, on the order 500-1200 Bq (14-25 nCi). Routine DOTATOC syntheses demonstrated that Ge-68 breakthrough was quantitatively removed prior to delivery to the final product vial.
My Place or Yours

A common stereotype holds that men are more preoccupied with sex than women are. To test the validity of this stereotype, and the degree to which women and men conform to sexually restrictive gender roles, we asked participants to describe and rate their beliefs about sex. We then factor analyzed these beliefs and achieved a simple structure of four factors: (a) Personally and Physically Pleasurable, (b) Beneficial to the Self-in-relationship, (c) Personally Costly, and (d) Sex as a Violation of Social Injunctions. We used scores on these subscales to compare women’s and men’s sexual stereotypes and behaviors. Although men showed significantly greater interest in sex on three of the four factors, when we examined sex in an intimate relationship, women and men were more alike than different. The data provide evidence that gender roles are malleable and that women and men are free to choose the degree to which they conform to sexually restrictive gender roles. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
17 O(p,t) 15 O reaction at 90 MeV

Differential cross sections and analyzing powers of the /sup 17/O(p,t) reaction were measured over the angular range from 5/sup 0/ to 55/sup 0/ at T/sub p/ = 89.7 MeV. The data for transitions to five residual states of /sup 15/O are compared with calculations in the finite-range and zero-range distorted-wave Born approximation. The distorting potential parameters were obtained from optical-model analyses of elastic proton and helion scattering. The (p,t) cross sections are underpredicted by the finite-range calculations and overpredicted by zero-range calculations based on standard normalizations. The reproduction of the analyzing powers is only fair. Two-step calculations of the type (p,d;d,t) were performed in a zero-range, second-order distorted-wave Born approximation. The ground state and six one-particle, one-hole states of /sup 16/O were taken into account as intermediate states. Consistent improvement in the prediction of the data was not obtained.
Gendered Violence in Crisis: Russian NGOs Help Themselves to Liberal Feminist Discourses

The demise of the Soviet system led to radical changes in the nature of the relationship between society and state, which has impacted the ways in which social problems such as domestic violence, alcoholism, and unemployment are framed and tackled. Responsibility for different social problems is hotly contested, not only by politicians, but by different actors in the new" civil society", notably non-governmental organizations
Heterogeneity of the Stability of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Salmonella typhimurium

Cells of Salmonella typhimurium strain SL 282, deflagellated by mechanical shear, regenerated their flagella in the absence of tryptophan, an amino acid required for growth but not found in flagellin. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis was severely inhibited by tryptophan starvation. These findings suggested that the messenger RNA (mRNA) for flagellin might be stable. Actinomycin D was used to inhibit RNA synthesis in ethylenediaminetetraacetate-treated bacteria. The introduction of an F lac episome into strain SL 282 permitted the simultaneous study of the synthesis of flagellin, β-galactosidase, and total protein. In the actinomycin-treated bacteria protein and β-galactosidase syntheses were inhibited by 90%, whereas flagellin synthesis was unaffected. We conclude that the mRNA for flagellin synthesis is stable and that species of mRNA vary with respect to metabolic stability in S. typhimurium .
Local uniqueness for the fixed energy fixed angle inverse problem in obstacle scattering

We prove local uniqueness for the inverse problem in obstacle scattering at a fixed energy and fixed incident angle.
The Debate Concerning 'Red' Sirius

Un debat est etabli pour determiner si la couleur de l'etoile Sirius a change ou non depuis l'Antiquite
No change in physician discussions with patients about the human papillomavirus vaccine between 2007 and 2013

Abstract Background The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for preventing some oncogenic strains of the HPV in 2006. Predictors of HPV vaccine uptake include physicians' conversations with patients and the patients' race; particularly among racial minorities, African-Americans are less likely to complete required doses. Purpose To analyze whether there were differences in the percentage of participants who reported they ever had a discussion with a provider about the HPV vaccine in 2007 and 2013; and to analyze physicians' discussions based on patients' race. Methods Adults within the vaccination age of 18–26 years were identified from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2007 ( n =687) and 2013 ( n =496) databases. A logistic regression generated odds ratios between races for each of the two years and a z -test compared the two odds ratios on the natural log scale. Results There was only a 3% increase in conversations about the HPV vaccine between 2007 and 2013, but no significant differences based on race in 2007 ( p =0.16) or 2013 ( p =0.64). In 2007, physicians had more than 2.5 greater odds of having discussed the HPV vaccine with their African-American patients than Caucasian patients while being 1.24 times more likely to do so in 2013. These ratios were not significantly different from each other ( z =0.97; p =0.17). Conclusions After almost a decade since the HPV vaccine was approved, there have been no significant changes in the amount of conversations physicians have with patients about the vaccine. It is important that physicians' encounter with patients be seen as an opportunity to encourage HPV vaccine uptake, particularly among racial minorities.
Water sorption and gamma radiolysis studies for uranium oxides

Experiments have been performed in our laboratory on water sorption and radiolysis for uranium oxides. For the water sorption experiments, uranium oxide samples were prepared and exposed to known levels of humidity to establish the water uptake rate. Subsequently, the amount of water removed was studied by heating samples in an oven at fixed temperatures and by differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis. It was demonstrated that heating at 650 deg. C adequately removes all moisture from the samples. Uranium-238 oxides were irradiated in a {sup 60}Co source and in the high-gamma-radiation fields provided by spent nuclear fuel elements of the High Flux Isotope Reactor. For hydrated samples of UO{sub 3}, the primary gas produced was H{sub 2}; however, the maximum pressure increase reached a steady-state value of {approx}500 torr (10 psi). This H{sub 2} production appears to be a function of the dose and the amount of water present. Oxygen in the hydrated UO{sub 3} sample atmosphere was typically depleted, and no significant pressure rise was observed. Heat treatment of the UO{sub 3}.xH{sub 2}O at 650 deg. C results in conversion to U{sub 3}O{sub 8} and eliminates the H{sub 2} production. For all of the U{sub 3}O{sub 8} samples loaded inmore » air and irradiated with gamma radiation, a pressure decrease was seen and little, if any, H{sub 2} was produced - even for samples with up to 9 wt% moisture content. Hence, these results demonstrated that the efforts to remove trace moisture from U{sub 3}O{sub 8} are not necessary to avoid pressurization of stored uranium oxides caused by gamma-induced radiolysis. In fact, this system can tolerate several percent of sorbed moisture.« less
What's Next for Collection Management and Managers?: Sustainability Dilemmas

In 1987 in the work Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report) the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development issued a benchmark definition of sustainable development, a concept ...
They won’t listen to me: Anticipated power and women’s disinterest in male-dominated domains:

We hypothesized that women avoid male-dominated domains because they anticipate lacking the power to influence others in those contexts. In Study 1, a questionnaire study, male undergraduates were ...
Immunotherapy of verrucae vulgares with dinitrochlorobenzene

SUMMARY A Study using daily topical applications of dinitrochlorobenzene on recalcitrant verrucae vulgares demonstrated this to be of practical value. Complete resolution of lesions occurred in 66% of 35 patients, with a complication rate of 24%. The results of other studies are reviewed and recommendations for use of this medication are given. DNCB therapy should, however, be reserved for use on recalcitrant lesions because of the complications associated with its usage.
An empirical model of asset replacement in dairy production

Throughout the US dairy farm industry, observed rates of dairy cow replacement consistently exceed the rates prescribed as optimal by dairy economists. We attempt to uncover the causes of this discrepancy by estimating a series of dynamic discrete choice models of dairy cow replacement using historical farm-level data. We also advance the methods used to estimate dynamic discrete choice models by demonstrating how orthogonal polynomial projection methods can be effectively combined with standard maximum likelihood techniques to estimate structural models of dynamic decision making.
Activating FGFR3 mutations cause mild hyperplasia in human skin, but are insufficient to drive benign or malignant skin tumors

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) activating mutations are drivers of malignancy in several human tissues, including bladder, lung, cervix, and blood. However, in skin, these mutations are associated predominantly with benign, common epidermal growths called seborrheic keratoses (SKs). How epidermis resists FGFR3 mediated transformation is unclear, but previous studies have suggested that FGFR3 activation in skin keratinocytes may serve a tumor-suppressive role by driving differentiation and antagonizing Ras signaling. To define the role of FGFR3 in human normal and neoplastic epidermis, and to directly test the hypothesis that FGFR3 antagonizes Ras, we engineered human skin grafts in vivo with mutant active FGFR3 or shRNA FGFR3 knockdown. We show that FGFR3 active mutants drive mild hyperproliferation, but are insufficient to support benign or malignant tumorigenesis, either alone, or in combination with G1–S checkpoint release. This suggests that additional cell-intrinsic or stromal cues are required for formation of benign SKs with FGFR3 mutations. Further, FGFR3 activation does not alter the growth kinetics or differentiation status of engineered human epidermal SCCs driven by Ras, and FGFR3 protein itself is dispensable for Ras-driven SCC. To extend these findings to patients, we examined a uniquely informative human tumor in which SCC developed in continuity with a SK, raising the hypothesis that one of the tumors evolved from the other. However, mutational analysis from each tumor indicates that the overlapping SK and SCC evolved independently and supports our conclusion that FGFR3 activation is insufficient to drive SCC.
Mission Possible: Getting to Yes with François Jacob

In the late 1980s, my wife Barbara and I traveled to see friends in Paris and then to bicycle in southwestern France. It was shortly after Francois Jacob had published his memoir “La Statue Interieure” (1987) (1). I stopped off at the Institut Pasteur to visit Francois. We talked only briefly about science since he had long since changed his research to fields far removed from my own. I had remained a microbiologist because of my conviction that the power of bacterial genetics could be used to solve a broad array of problems, a conviction initially inspired by the early papers of Jacob and his long-time collaborator, Elie Wollman. Francois had long since been studying mouse cell differentiation working with multipotent teratocarcinoma cells.
The Southern Oscillation. Part I: Global Associations with Pressure and Temperature in Northern Winter

Abstract We describe the global correlations between a measure of the Southern Oscillation and sea level pressure and surface air temperature in the northern winter. The stability of these correlations were tested on the Northern Hemisphere for an 80-year period, and it turned out that most stable correlation coefficients were found over India, the North Pacific Ocean, the Rocky Mountains, and the central and western North Atlantic Ocean. On the Southern Hemisphere most records are too short for a similar test, but the following may tentatively be said about the Southern Oscillation in middle and high southern latitudes: when pressure is low in lower latitudes over the South Pacific Ocean it tends to be high at higher latitudes of that ocean, high over East Antarctica and low in the belt of westerlies in the Indian and South Atlantic oceans. In the zonal average on both hemispheres the pressure gradients in this extreme of the oscillation tend to be steeper at lower latitudes and flatter at higher latitud...
Online Language: The Role of Culture in Self-Expression and Self-Construal on Facebook

This article investigated how culture influences self-construal and self-expression on Facebook, a popular social networking site. To examine actual self-description representative of self-construal, unaltered independently existing information was garnered from the Facebook pages of Caucasian Americans, African Americans, and ethnic Asians attending a Midwestern University. Findings indicated that culture plays a significant role in influencing the communication of psychological attributes, individuating information, and the quantity of self-descriptive expression. Furthermore, evidence and argumentation are provided for a greater inclusion of African Americans in self-construal research.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG CLASSROOM CLIMATE, SELF-EFFICACY, AND ACHIEVEMENT IN UNDERGRADUATE MATHEMATICS: A MULTI-LEVEL ANALYSIS

For nearly 50 years, leaders in American industry, military, education, and politics have focused considerable attention on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education. Given the increased societal demand for STEM careers, the relationships among classroom climate, self-efficacy, and achievement in undergraduate mathematics needed to be examined. A purposeful sample of college algebra instructors (n = 15), employed at public 4-year universities in various states (n = 10) across the nation, was administered the Principles of Adult Learning Scale at the beginning of the semester to assess classroom climate. At the end of the course semester, their college algebra students (n = 326) were administered the Mathematics Self-Efficacy Scale-Revised and final college algebra examinations. The results of the multi-level analysis indicated: (a) students having higher mathematics self-efficacy also had higher mathematics achievement, (b) teacher-centered classroom climates had greater mathematics self-efficacy levels, (c) classroom climate was not a significant predictor of mathematics achievement, (c) classroom climate did not moderate the relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and achievement, and (d) although boys reported higher mathematics self-efficacy than girls, gender differences were not found to exist in regard to mathematics achievement.
Chromatographic separation of vanadium, tungsten and molybdenum with a liquid anion-exchanger

In acidic solution only molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI), vanadium(V), niobium(V) and tantalum(V) form stable, anionic complexes with dilute hydrogen peroxide. This fact has been used in developing an analytical method of separating molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI) and vanadium(V) from other metal ions and from each other. Preliminary investigations using reversed-phase paper chromatography and solvent extraction led to a reversed-phase column Chromatographic separation technique. These metal-peroxy anions are retained by a column containing a liquid anion-exchanger (General Mills Aliquat 336) in a solid support. Then molybdenum(VI), tungsten(VI) and vanadium(V) are selectively eluted with aqueous solutions containing dilute hydrogen peroxide and varying concentrations of sulphuric acid.
Norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in rat brain stem following cortical lesions

Abstract Several studies have shown that damage to the cerebral cortex results in altered responses to drugs. Cure et al (1) demonstrated that patients with cortical epileptogenic foci and monkeys with alumina cream implants in the motor cortex were more sensitive than normal subjects to the actions of pentylenetetrazol. Unilateral frontal lobectomies and hemidecerebrations in cats also result in increased responsiveness to pentylenetetrazol (2). A greater sensitivity to both hexaflourodiethyl ether and pentylenetetrazol occurs in rats following bilateral frontal or posterior cortical ablations (3). Drugs such as amphetamine and reserpine also show quantitatively different effects in cortically-damaged animals (4, 5, 6). Many reports indicate that most, if not all, of these drugs cause altered brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine or norepinephrine. The amines, in turn, have been considered to play important roles in the action of the drugs. Indeed, altered brain levels of the amines appear to affect the action of some of the drugs. It was therefore felt that the effects of cortical lesions on brain levels of norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine should be investigated.
Handbook of Pediatric Neuropsychology

This handbook covers basic neurodevelopmental research that any pediatric neuropsychologist will need to know. The authors discuss practical issues in pediatric assessment, and provide a comprehensive overview of the most common medical conditions that neuropsycholoigists encounter while dealing with pediatric populations. The book also describes a variety of professional issues that neuropsychologists must confront during their daily practice, such as ethics, multiculturalism, child abuse, forensics, and psychopharmacology. Also discussed are school-based issues such as special education law, consulting with school staff, and reintegrating children back into mainstream schools.
The Craft, Fashion, and Cultural-Products Industries of Los Angeles: Competitive Dynamics and Policy Dilemmas in a Multisectoral Image-Producing Complex

The general functional characteristics of the craft, fashion, and cultural-products industries (cultural-products industries for short) are described, and the tendency of these industries to form d...
Accelerated aneurysmal dilation associated with apoptosis and inflammation in a newly developed calcium phosphate rodent abdominal aortic aneurysm model

Objective The calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) model is a widely accepted rodent model for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Calcium deposition, mainly consisting of calcium phosphate (CaPO 4 ) crystals, has been reported to exist in human and experimental aneurysms. CaPO 4 crystals have been used for in vitro DNA transfection by mixing CaCl 2 and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Here, we describe accelerated aneurysm formation resulting from a modification of the CaCl 2 model. Methods A modified CaCl 2 model, the CaPO 4 model, was created by applying PBS onto the mouse infrarenal aorta after CaCl 2 treatment. Morphologic, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed on arteries treated with the CaPO 4 model and the conventional CaCl 2 model as the control. In vitro methods were performed using a mixture of CaCl 2 and PBS to create CaPO 4 crystals. CaPO 4 - induced apoptosis of primary cultured mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was measured by DNA fragmentation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The CaPO 4 model produces AAA, defined as an increase of ≥50% in the diameter of the aorta, faster than in the CaCl 2 model. The CaPO 4 model showed significantly larger aneurysmal dilation at 7, 28, and 42 days, as reflected by a maximum diameter (measured in mm) fold-change of 1.69 ± 0.07, 1.99 ± 0.14, and 2.13 ± 0.09 vs 1.22 ± 0.04, 1.48 ± 0.07, and 1.68 ± 0.06 in a CaCl 2 model, respectively (n = 6; P 4 model compared with the CaCl 2 model (2.7 ± 0.2 vs 1.5 ± 0.2; n=6; P 4 model (apoptosis index at 1, 2, and 3 days postsurgery: 0.26 ± 0.14, 0.37 ± 0.14, and 0.33 ± 0.08 vs 0.012 ± 0.10, 0.15 ± 0.02, and 0.12 ± 0.05 in the conventional CaCl 2 model; n=3; P 4 model. CaPO 4 induced approximately 3.7 times more apoptosis in VSMCs than a mixture of CaCl 2 (n = 4; P Conclusions The CaPO 4 model accelerates aneurysm formation with the enhancement of apoptosis, macrophage infiltration, and calcium deposition. This modified model, with its rapid and robust dilation, can be used as a new model for AAAs.
Taming the Neighborhood Revolution: Planners, Power Brokers, and the Birth of Neotraditionalism in Portland, Oregon:

In the early 1970s, neighborhood-based movements arose in Portland, Oregon, against freeways, while networks of individuals championed a revival of rail transit. At decade's end, regional leaders r...
Floating Drops and Functions of Bounded Variation

A variational problem for three fluids in which gravitational and surface tension forces are in equilibrium is studied using sets of finite perimeter and functions of bounded variation. Existence theorems are proven which imply the existence of an axisymmetric floating drop. This problem has been studied previously as a free boundary problem for axisymmetric capillary surfaces by Elcrat, Neel and Siegel, but the general existence problem for arbitrary drop volumes was left open. The results presented here settle a version of this question.
Modified DNA Analogues That Sense Light Exposure with Color Changes

We report the discovery of a new class of light-sensing molecules. These light sensors are composed of fluorophore oligomers assembled on a DNA backbone. A combinatorial library of tetrafluorophores consisting of over 14 000 compounds was synthesized and screened for rapid responses toward light exposure. Among the most light-sensitive molecules, at least three tetramers were found to respond to light exposure with apparent color changes, rather than simple photobleaching.
Excitonic processes in molecular crystalline materials

This article provides an overview of the basic aspects of the structure and dynamics of excitons in molecular crystals that give rise to their unique spectroscopic behavior. The two different types of optically accessible excitons, charge-transfer and Frenkel, are described and their different properties discussed. Particular attention is paid to the spin properties of Frenkel excitons (i.e., singlet and triplet) and also to their coupling to intramolecular vibrations. Experimental challenges in the study of molecular crystal optical properties are also reviewed, including their high optical density, complex refractive index behavior, and issues with sample crystallinity and chemical purity. Once created, excitons in molecular crystals can exhibit interesting dynamical behavior, including diffusion over large length scales and ionization into electron–hole pairs. Exciton–exciton interactions are also important, ranging from fusion or annihilation (two excitons combine into one exciton) to fission (one exciton splits into two excitons). The long-range diffusion and exciton fission effects have particular relevance for the design of organic photovoltaic materials.
Noninvasive optical measures of CBV, StO2, CBF index, and rCMRO2 in human premature neonates' brains in the first six weeks of life

The article to which this erratum refers was published in Hum Brain Mapp 2010 (Vol. 31), DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20868.
Analysis of waveguided Gaussian beams coupled by misaligned or curved gratings

Coupled contradirectional mode equations are derived to describe Hermite-Gaussian beam interactions in corrugated thin-film waveguides when the grating teeth are curved and/or tilted. Coupling coefficients are evaluated for identical and hybrid modes. The problem of focusing a guided Gaussian beam by reflection from a curved grating is considered. It is shown that the grating curvature should serve to match the phase fronts of the contradirectional Gaussians and the grating should extend axially to include the region where the two beam widths are approximately equal.
Men's and women's reactions to sexually explicit films: a serendipitous finding.

We proposed that men and women would be “turned off” by watching men and women like themselves engaged in sexual activity and “turned on” by watching someone of the opposite sex engaged in the same activity. We tested this hypothesis by showing college men and women eight films: films depicting male and female homosexuality, male and female masturbation, and males and females engaged in heterosexual intercourse. We assessed men and women's reactions via the Byrne-Sheffield (1965) Feeling Scale and Griffitt's (1975) Physiological Arousal Scale. We found support for our hypothesis. We also attempted to determine whether men and women differed in how easily they became aroused by sexually explicit films. We found that they did not.
An Adaptation of Models of Prosocial Behavior to Supervisor Interventions with Troubled Employees

With the growth of employee assistance programs (EAPs)a significant demand has been created for individuals trained in the behavioral sciences. This demand has also created opportunities for applied research into EAP systems. Current EAPs have penetrated only a small percentage of the workforce suffering with behavior/medical problems. Adaptation of traditional psycho-social models of prosocial behavior to supervisory intervention practices holds the promise of more efficacious EAP programming. Bystander intervention and equity theories are introduced as prosocial models capable of guiding research and consultative practice within industrial settings. Situational, personal, attributional, cost and response variables associated with EAP utilization are described. Both instrumental and psychological processes inherent within supervisor-worker relationships are elaborated. Social psychologists are encouraged to consider these theoretical systems when contemplating service delivery to the growing EAP movement.
Fractals and the analysis of growth paths

A simple practical method exists for classifying and comparing planar curves composed of connected line segments. This method assigns, a single numberD, the fractal dimension, to each curve.D=log(n)/[log(n)+log(d/L)], where:n is the number of line segments,L is the total length of the line segments, andd is the planar diameter of the curve (the greatest distance between any two endpoints). At one end of the spectrum, for straight line curves,D=1; at the other end of the spectrum, for random walk curves,D→2. Standard statistics are done on the logarithms of the fractal dimension [log(D)]. With this measure, trails of biological movement, such as the growth paths of the cells and the paths of wandering organisms, can be analyzed to determine the likelihood that these trails are random walks and also to compare the straightness of the trails before and after experimental interventions.
Regional studies of blood-brain barrier transport of glucose and leucine in awake and anesthetized rats.

d-Glucose and l-leucine are transported across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) by two separate carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion mechanisms. In the awake rat there are regional differences in blood-to-brain glucose transport among the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and striatum. To determine whether these are due to variations in the regional density or affinity of the glucose transporter moiety of brain capillaries or are secondary to regional tissue perfusion and capillary arrangement characteristics, we studied (a) regional blood-to-brain transport of l-leucine in awake rats; (b) regional blood-to-brain transport of both glucose and leucine under chloral hydrate anesthesia, a condition associated with altered regional brain blood flow (BF) and metabolism; and (c) regional brain vascular volume, derived from the l-glucose and inulin spaces, in both awake and anesthetized rats. We found the same regional differences in blood-to-brain leucine transport in awake rats as we previously describe...
Comparison of milk-derived whey protein concentrates containing various levels of casein

Milk permeate was obtained from microfiltration (MF) and concentrated to produce milk-derived whey protein concentrate (MWPC); MF at low temperatures yielded permeate with caseins (MWPC-HC), and at higher MF temperatures, low concentrations of caseins were present (MWPC-LC). MWPC samples were compared to whey protein concentrates (WPCs). Solutions of MWPC were less turbid and produced larger foam overruns and more stable foams than WPC. MWPC-HC solutions produced the most stable foams. MWPC contained fewer types and lower relative quantities of volatile compounds than WPC before and after storage. Compared with WPC, MWPC have superior sensory, foaming and storage properties.
Examining Victimization and Psychological Distress in Transgender College Students

Treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking transgender college students were examined with regard to victimization and psychological distress. Findings showed that transgender college students had elevated rates of distress as compared with college students who identified as men or women. Results indicated that treatment seeking and non-treatment seeking transgender college students did not significantly differ with regard to psychological distress or experiences of victimization, with the exception of rates of suicidal ideation.
Pseudo spectral analysis of the energy entrainment in a scaled down wind farm

Abstract Particle Image Velocimetry from the centerline of a 3 × 5 scaled down array of wind turbines in a wind tunnel was analyzed to gain further understanding of how turbulent transport brings mean kinetic energy (MKE) into the array from the neutrally stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) above. Vertical fluxes of MKE due to the Reynolds stresses were computed i.e. − 〈 U 〉 〈 u ′ v ′ 〉 A modal expansion for 〈 U 〉 〈 u ′ v ′ 〉 was constructed based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). By determining each mode's fractional contribution to the total entrainment it was shown that a small number of modes (the first 25) account for 75% of the entrainment. The remaining 25% is achieved asymptotically as the remainder of the modes are included in the representation. Based on this behavior the labels “idiosyncratic” and “asymptotic” were applied to the different mode types. A characteristic wavelength for each mode was defined as the length of a mode's longest positive contribution to the energy entrainment. By this definition it was shown that idiosyncratic and asymptotic modes are characterized by wavelengths greater than and less than D (rotor diameter) respectively so that large percentages of the energy brought into the wind farm are done at scales greater than D. Physical reasoning indicates the idiosyncratic modes are associated with larger scale coherent motions whereas the asymptotic modes are associated with small scale turbulent fluctuations. The analysis was repeated for PIV data without turbines. It was shown that the idiosyncratic modes represent the scales which are affected by the presence of the turbines. This further established that the idiosyncratic modes were connected with the larger scales of turbulent motion.
Review of magnetic field monitoring near active faults and volcanic calderas in California: 1974-1995

Abstract Differential magnetic fields have been monitored along the San Andreas fault and the Long Valley caldera since 1974. At each monitoring location, proton precession magnetometers sample total magnetic field intensity at a resolution of 0.1 nT or 0.25 nT. Every 10 min, data samples are transmitted via satellite telemetry to Menlo Park, CA for processing and analysis. The number of active magnetometer sites has varied during the past 21 years from 6 to 25, with 12 sites currently operational. We use this network to identify magnetic field changes generated by earthquake and volcanic processes. During the two decades of monitoring, five moderate earthquakes (M5.9 to M7.3) have occurred within 20 km of magnetometer sites located along the San Andreas fault and only one preseismic signal of 1.5 nT has been observed. During moderate earthquakes, coseismic magnetic signals, with amplitudes from 0.7 nT to 1.3 nT, have been identified for 3 of the 5 events. These observations are generally consistent with those calculated from simple seismomagnetic models of these earthquakes and near-fault coseismic magnetic field disturbances rarely exceed one nanotesla. These data are consistent with the concept of low shear stress and relatively uniform displacement of the San Andreas fault system as expected due to high pore fluid pressure on the fault. A systematic decrease of 0.8–1 nT/year in magnetic field has occurred in the Long Valley caldera since 1989. These magnetic field data are similar in form to observed geodetically measured displacements from inflation of the resurgent dome. A simple volcanomagnetic model involving pressure increase of 50 MPa/a at a depth of 7 km under the resurgent dome can replicate these magnetic field observations. This model is derived from the intrusion model that best fits the surface deformation data.
Modeling the ac conductivity dispersion of mixed alkali germanate glasses

Abstract The ac conductivity and permittivity of mixed alkali, (Li2O)x(Na2O)1−x:9GeO2, glasses are reported. An analysis of the scaling properties is performed which indicates the ac conductivity and permittivity at different temperatures but fixed glass composition can be collapsed to a master curve. However, these master curves exhibit systematic changes with cation mixing which include a decrease in the conductivity dispersion exponent and substantial increase of dielectric loss at low frequencies. A simple model, based upon the dynamic structure model of Ingram and coworkers, is introduced in an attempt to understand these changes. A key feature of the model is the assumption that the cation's local conduction space is modified by mixing of the two cation species.
Non-renegable Selective Acknowledgments (NR-SACKs) for MPTCP

We introduce Non-Renegable Selective Acknowledgments (NR-SACKs) to MPTCP, and investigate their impact in situations where an MPTCP receiver never discards received out-of-order data from the MPTCP receive buffer (i.e., never renegs). NR-SACKs not only allow an MPTCP receiver to report the reception of out-of-order data, but also allow an MPTCP sender to free reported out-of-order data in the MPTCP send buffer sooner than the advance of the MPTCP level cumulative acknowledgement (DATA ACK). We implemented NR-SACKs in the Linux kernel. Experiments show that (i) the MPTCP data transfers with NR-SACKs never perform worse than those without NR-SACKs, and (ii) NR-SACKs improve throughput in MPTCP when the total congestion window (cwnd) of all sub flows is greater than the MPTCP send buffer size (i.e., the send buffer size is the bottleneck).
Airborne discrimination between ice and water - Application to the laser measurement of chlorophyll-in-water in a marginal ice zone

The concurrent active-passive measurement capabilities of the NASA Airborne Oceanographic Lidar have been used to (1) discriminate between ice and water in a large ice field within the Greenland Sea and (2) achieve the detection and measurement of chlorophyll-in-water by laser-induced and water-Raman-normalized pigment fluorescence. Passive upwelled radiances from sea ice are significantly stronger than those from the neighboring water, even when the optical receiver field-of-view is only partially filled with ice. Thus, weaker passive upwelled radiances, together with concurrently acquired laser-induced spectra, can rather confidently be assigned to the intervening water column. The laser-induced spectrum can then be processed using previously established methods to measure the chlorophyll-in-water concentration. Significant phytoplankton patchiness and elevated chlorophyll concentrations were found within the waters of the melting ice compared to ice-free regions just outside the ice field.
Blood glucose profiles in surgically prepared flaxedilized and anesthetized rats

Abstract Blood glucose profiles were monitored over an extended period of time in surgical rat preparations which included femoral artery and vein cannulations, tracheotomy, carotid artery cannulation and a craniotomy to expose the brain. Rats were under pentobarbital anesthesia, urethane anesthesia or Flaxedil neuromuscular blockade and local anesthesia. Fasted and unfasted rats were compared. These profiles are a foundation for studies of the central nervous system control of feeding behavior and metabolic homeostasis and of hypothalamic glucoreceptors, for which knowledge of the baseline blood glucose profile is particularly important. Such studies utilize the surgical preparations examined here. The importance of rapid “on the spot” “moment to moment” monitoring of blood glucose during the course of an experiment and adjustment of the experiment accordingly is demonstrated. Methods for such monitoring are evaluated in comparison with the standard enzymatic fluorometric assay for glucose. The YSI Glucose Analyzer seems to be a suitable one and is feasible for physiological and psychological laboratories without biochemical expertise.
Theory of Dissociation of H 2 + by Fast Electrons

Theoretical results for the dissociation of the hydrogen-molecule ion by high-energy electrons are considered with the intention of providing sufficient data for comparison with recent experimental studies of this system. The experimental results and this comparison are given in the preceding paper by Dunn and Van Zyl. The coefficients $A$ and $B$ for the cross-section formula ${{V}_{0}}^{2}Q=A\mathrm{ln}{V}_{0}+B$, where ${V}_{0}$ is the relative collision velocity, are given for the discrete transitions $1s{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}\ensuremath{-}2p{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{u}$ and $1s{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}\ensuremath{-}2p{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{u}$ for each of the initial ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ vibrational states in the $1s{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{g}$ potential curve. Similar data, obtained from a closure argument, are given; an estimate of the remaining contributions to the experimental cross section is then possible.