cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning to Relate Literal and Sentimental Descriptions of Visual Properties

Language can describe our visual world at many levels, including not only what is literally there but also the sentiment that it invokes. In this paper, we study visual language, both literal and sentimental, that describes the overall appearance and style of virtual characters. Sentimental properties, including labels such as “youthful” or “country western,” must be inferred from descriptions of the more literal properties, such as facial features and clothing selection. We present a new dataset, collected to describe Xbox avatars, as well as models for learning the relationships between these avatars and their literal and sentimental descriptions. In a series of experiments, we demonstrate that such learned models can be used for a range of tasks, including predicting sentimental words and using them to rank and build avatars. Together, these results demonstrate that sentimental language provides a concise (though noisy) means of specifying low-level visual properties.
Can the impingement test predict outcome after arthroscopic subacromial decompression

The impingement test, placement of local anesthetic in the subacromial space, is considered a useful tool in diagnosing impingement syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive value of the impingement test with respect to outcome after arthroscopic subacromial decompression. Fifty-five patients who had a preoperative impingement test were evaluated at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. We noted 88% satisfactory results in patients in whom the impingement test was positive, with only 63% satisfactory results at 3 months and 60% satisfactory results at 12 months in patients in whom the impingement test was negative. Although workers' compensation patients tended to have lower scores than others, the impingement test result was more predictive of outcome than was compensation status. Impingement test results and preoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were independent predictors of postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores. Our evidence indicates that the impingement test can be used as a predictor of outcome for patients with impingement syndrome treated by arthroscopic subacromial decompression.
2004 Irving Sigal Young Investigator Award

In recognition of the fact that we are corecipients of the 2004 Irving Sigal Young Investigator Award from The Protein Society, we have chosen to write jointly about the work we have done together in the area of proteomics.
Measurement of relaxation in isolated rat ventricular myocardium during hypoxia and reoxygenation

The effects of hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation were examined in isolated left ventricular papillary muscles from the rat at 28°C and 33°C. Studies of relaxation were carried out in isometric and physiologically sequenced contractions. In studies of isometric contractions, the following variables were determined: active tension (AT), maximum rate of tension increase (+dT/dt), time to peak tension (TPT), time for tension to fall from peak to 50% of peak tension (RT½), maximum rate of tension decline (-dT/dt), isometric peak (-dT/dt/T), and isometric maximum (-dT/dt per T). Variables measured in physiologically sequenced contractions were the slopes of the relation between -dT/dtmax and end systolic length (SIM) and maximum rate of isotonic muscle lengthening (+dL/dtmax) and end systolic length (Sit). Tau, the exponential time constant for isometric relaxation, was also examined. Pronounced changes in active tension and +dT/dt were seen during hypoxia at both temperatures, whereas changes in measured relaxation variables were less prominent and inconsistent. At neither 28°C nor 33°C did TPT or RTh indicate impaired relaxation during hypoxia. Isometric peak -dT/dt declined with hypoxia at both temperatures but the normalised indices, isometric peak -dT/dt/T, peak (-dT/dt per T), and tau showed consistent impairment of relaxation only at 33°C. In physiologically sequenced contractions, SIM suggested impaired relaxation during hypoxia at 28°C but not at 33°C. SIT showed impaired relaxation at both 28°C and 33°C. These findings are consistent with data suggesting impairment of the cardiac relaxing system during hypoxia. Nevertheless, relaxation appears less affected than contraction, and impairment is best seen late in the cardiac cycle.
Solid-State Reactions in Model Oxide Systems

The kinetics of thin-film solid-state reactions have been investigated in two model spinel forming oxide systems, NiO/Al2O3 and MgO/Fe2O3. In the NiO/Al2O3 system, thin-films of epitactic NiO were reacted with (0001), {1100}, {1120{ and {1120{ orientated Al2O3 (corundum). The kinetics of the spinel forming reaction for this system were found to be linear-parabolic in nature. Additionally, it was found that the kinetics of the spinel-forming reaction varied by nearly two orders of magnitude between the fastest and slowest diffusion couples. The substrate determines the orientation of the overlayers and thereby the structure of the phase boundaries. In the MgO/Fe-oxide system, thin films of epitactic Fe oxide were reacted with {001} MgO. The kinetics of this spinel forming reaction were parabolic in nature, indicative of diffusion control. In contrast to the N1O/Al2O3 system, the movement of phase boundaries are not the step controlling the reaction rate, but rather the diffusion of one of the cations across the reaction layer. In comparing the reaction rates for the two systems the activation energy for the formation of the spinel product in the MgO/Fe-oxide system was found to be almost a factor of 4 lower in comparison to the NiO/Al2O3 system.
Degradation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B during Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection

sion in BHK-21 cells demonstrated that infection with wild-type (WT) virus has an inhibitory effect compared to infection with a genetically engineered mutant lacking the leader coding region. The expression of endogenous NF-B-dependent genes tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANTES is also reduced in WT virus-infected primary porcine cells. This inhibitory effect is neither the result of a decrease in the level of the mRNA of p65/RelA, a subunit of NF-B, nor a block on the nuclear translocation of p65/RelA, but instead appears to be a consequence of the degradation of accumulated p65/RelA. Viral L pro is localized to the nucleus of infected cells, and there is a correlation between the translocation of L pro and the decrease in the amount of nuclear p65/RelA. By using a recombinant cardiovirus expressing L pro , we demonstrate that the disappearance of p65/RelA takes place in the absence of any other FMDV product. The observation that L pro disrupts the
The Nature of Giving: A Theory of Planned Behavior Examination of Corporate Philanthropy

Scholars of social issues in management have consistently argued that corporate philanthropy is one key factor of a firm’s discretionary responsibilities. Several researchers have examined the links between philanthropy and such outcomes as financial profit and organizational reputation. It is interesting to note that the determinants of corporate philanthropy have been left largely unexamined; researchers have yet to fully understand why philanthropy takes place. In this manuscript, Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) provides the theoretical foundation for the development of a model that will further our understanding of corporate philanthropic behaviors. The TPB has been used and validated in many different academic fields (such as psychology, exercise science, and management information systems) as a means to understand the determinants of behavior. The authors build on the TPB and examine empirically how altruistic and strategic forces, perceived behavioral control, self-identity, and slack infl...
Neurobehavioral Abnormalities in First-Degree Relatives of Individuals With Autism

Context Studying sensorimotor and neurocognitive impairments in unaffected family members of individuals with autism may help identify familial pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the disorder. Objective To determine whether atypical sensorimotor or neurocognitive characteristics associated with autism are present in first-degree relatives of individuals with autism. Design Case-control comparison of neurobehavioral functions. Setting University medical center. Participants Fifty-seven first-degree relatives of individuals with autism and 40 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched healthy control participants (aged 8-54 years). Main Outcome Measures Oculomotor tests of sensorimotor responses (saccades and smooth pursuit); procedural learning and response inhibition; neuropsychological tests of motor, memory, and executive functions; and psychological measures of social behavior, communication skills, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors. Results On eye movement testing, family members demonstrated saccadic hypometria, reduced steady-state pursuit gain, and a higher rate of voluntary response inhibition errors relative to controls. They also showed lateralized deficits in procedural learning and open-loop pursuit gain (initial 100 milliseconds of pursuit) and increased variability in the accuracy of large-amplitude saccades that were confined to rightward movements. In neuropsychological studies, only executive functions were impaired relative to those of controls. Family members reported more communication abnormalities and obsessive-compulsive behaviors than controls. Deficits across oculomotor, neuropsychological, and psychological domains were relatively independent from one another. Conclusions Family members of individuals with autism demonstrate oculomotor abnormalities implicating pontocerebellar and frontostriatal circuits and left-lateralized alterations of frontotemporal circuitry and striatum. The left-lateralized alterations have not been identified in other neuropsychiatric disorders and are of interest given atypical brain lateralization and language development associated with the disorder. Similar oculomotor deficits have been reported in individuals with autism, suggesting that they may be familial and useful for studies of neurophysiological and genetic mechanisms in autism.
Toward reference conditions: wildfire effects on flora in an old-growth ponderosa pine forest

Remote ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests on the North Rim of Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, USA provide valuable examples of reference conditions due to their relatively uninterrupted fire regimes, limited grazing history, and protection from logging. Wildfire is an important disturbance agent in upland forests of the Interior West, yet repeated measurements taken before and after lightning-ignited fires are rare. In 1999, a low-severity Wildland Fire Use fire burned 156 ha on Fire Point, a peninsula dominated by old-growth ponderosa pines, which had not burned for at least 76 years. We measured understory plant community and forest floor characteristics in 1998 (1 year before the fire) and 2001 (2 years after the fire) at this site and at nearby reference sites that did not burn in 1999 but have had continuing fire regimes throughout the past century. After the wildfire, the plant community at Fire Point shifted toward higher compositional similarity with the reference sites. Analysis of functional group composition indicated that this change was due primarily to an increase in annual and biennial forbs. Gayophytum diffusum, Polygonum douglasii, Chenopodium spp., Solidago spp., Elymus elymoides, Calochortus nuttallii, Hesperostipa comata, and Lotus spp. were indicative of forests influenced by recent fires. Species richness, plant cover, plant layer density and plant diversity were significantly lower at Fire Point than at the reference sites, possibly due to long-term fire exclusion, but the fire did not increase the rate of change in these variables after 2 years. Few exotic species were present at any site. Forest floor depths at Fire Point were reduced to depths similar to the reference sites, primarily due to consumption of the duff layer. There was a significant inverse relationship between the ratio of duff:litter and species richness. Compared to fireexcluded forests, old-growth ponderosa pine forests influenced by low-intensity surface fires generally have greater plant species richness (especially annual forbs) and lighter fuel loads. This study supports the continued application of the Wildland Fire Use strategy in old-growth montane forests to maintain and improve forest health by altering understory species composition and reducing fuel loads. # 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
One Step Forward, Two Steps Backward: African Women in Nigerian Video-Film

The nearly $300 million a year Nollywood culture industry in Nigeria has become transnational in its access to African audiences all over the world. The films and the industry remain a credible site for cultural analysis because of their popularity and resonance with their audiences as well as their moralizing mission. It is an important industry to examine for its contributions to the struggles of African women for opportunities for equality, self-actualization, and self-determination. Although these movies do not hesitate to portray the progress African women have made in climbing the political and socioeconomic ladders of society, they are constantly reminded that everything they have worked hard to achieve is irrelevant without conforming to the cultural construct of a good woman in their domestic lives. Women are constantly portrayed as having power in these video-films, but the power of women is considered diabolical, particularly in social and domestic relations.
Effect of Dietary Protein and Energy on Protein Synthesis during Lactation in Rats

A series of experiments was carried out in which effects of dietary protein and energy on protein synthesis during lactation were evaluated. Purified diets were fed to female rats from conception until d 15 of lactation. Protein supplied by wheat gluten, gluten + lysine + threonine or casein + methionine was fed at 20 or 25% in the diet. Protein synthesis in mammary gland and liver was measured with a large dose of L-[4-3H]phenylalanine. As lactation proceeded, protein absolute synthesis rates (ASRs) in casein-fed dams increased from 1056 to 2246 mg/d in mammary gland but remained unchanged in liver. In contrast, ASRs in wheat gluten-fed dams remained unchanged in both tissues. Feeding a protein-free diet or starving dams for 3 d reduced ASR in mammary gland 59 and 72%, respectively, when measured on d 15 of lactation. The corresponding reductions in liver ASR were 41 and 46%. A 20% restriction of dietary energy at a constant protein intake reduced protein synthesis in mammary glands 34, 55 and 28% in dams fed gluten, gluten + lysine + threonine or casein, respectively. In summary, protein synthesis during lactation was reduced less in liver than in mammary gland in response to dietary restriction of protein or energy.
Towards whole transcriptome deconvolution using single-cell data

Obtaining whole-transcriptome expression profiles of closely related cell types is a daunting task faced by stem-cell biologists. Here we present an approach that utilizes single-cell qPCR probing of a small number of genes to aid in the deconvolution of whole-transcriptome profiles of mixed samples.
Low‐dose genistein induces cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors and G1 cell‐cycle arrest in human prostate cancer cells

Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavone found chiefly in soy products, reportedly has antiprostate cancer effects, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We studied the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of genistein in the androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Viable cell number was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; cell-cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry; apoptosis was also assessed by a histone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; and the expression of several cell-cycle- and apoptosis-related genes and their gene products was determined by northern blot analysis, western blot analysis, and/or assays based on polymerase chain reaction. Physiologic concentrations of genistein ( 20 microM) did induce apoptosis. We conclude that genistein (at physiologic concentrations) exerts potent antiproliferative effects on LNCaP cells by inducing a G(1) cell-cycle block. The antiproliferative effects of genistein may be mediated by increased levels of p27(KIP1) and p21(WAF1), which are negative cell-cycle regulators that act as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and that have been recently linked with prostate carcinogenesis. These findings may provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the apparent antiprostate cancer effects of soy consumption observed in epidemiologic studies.
The experience of transcendental meditation in middle school students: a qualitative report.

Background Transcendental Meditation (TM), a sitting meditation technique designed to quiet the mind and induce physical and mental relaxation, has been widely studied in adults. Objective Our objective was to explore systematically the first-person experience of young adolescents who practice TM. Design A descriptive, qualitative study using semistructured interviews. Setting Middle school setting. Participants Participants included 10 seventh grade students who have practiced TM for a one-year period of time. Results Themes described by students resulting from meditation included the following: (1) an increasing state of restful alertness; (2) improvement in skills indicative of emotional intelligence (self-control, self-reflection/awareness, and flexibility in emotional response); and (3) improvement in academic performance. The state of restful alertness induced by meditation appeared central to facilitating growth in social-emotional capacities, academic performance, and flexibility in emotional response. The inner state of restful alertness provided students with greater capacity to expand their ways of looking inwardly at themselves and their relationships with others (emotional intelligence) as well as focusing their attention on controlling their behavior and keeping on task in school. Conclusions Students described beneficial effects of TM: an increased state of restful alertness and greater capacity for self-reflection, self-control, and flexibility as well as improved academic performance. The state of restful alertness induced by meditation may facilitate the growth of social-emotional capacities necessary for regulating the emotional labiality and interpersonal stress of adolescence. Future empirical validation is needed to analyze systematically the impact of this practice on students’ social-emotional and cognitive development and to determine whether its practice can serve as a protective function for helping students successfully meet the challenges of adolescence.
A Chicken in Every Pot and a Drug-Eluting Stent in Every Lesion

A 78-year-old man is admitted with episodes of severe angina associated with hypotension. Urgent angiography finds critical left main stenosis with well-preserved left ventricular function (Figure 1). While discussing the treatment plan with the physician, the patient suddenly manifests sustained ventricular fibrillation. Prompt electrocardioversion restores sinus rhythm, but there is electromechanical dissociation and no blood pressure. Chest compressions are initiated. A guiding catheter quickly inserted into the left coronary finds total occlusion of the left main (Figure 2). Between chest compressions, the left main is opened with balloon angioplasty (Figure 3), and a stent is implanted, restoring flow, contractility, and blood pressure. The patient is discharged 3 days later, sustaining only a small rise in cardiac enzymes. Figure 1. Urgent coronary angiography in a 78-year-old man with unstable angina finds critical left main stenosis (A). Figure 2. The left main occludes soon after the diagnostic angiogram, resulting in absent ventricular contraction. Figure 3. Emergency balloon angioplasty during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves left main flow (note wrist watch on individual performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation at right upper corner of image). A DES is then implanted. See p 1942 and p 1948 Is this case unusual? Some might argue “no.” Stents and balloon angioplasty have been used for decades to rescue patients from disaster. However, in one way, this 78-year-old man underwent a revolutionary procedure. This patient’s left main coronary artery was treated with a drug-eluting stent (DES). Three months later, a follow-up angiogram found no evidence of restenosis (Figure 4). If further follow-up of this and other patients enrolled in left main DES trials prove favorable, the paradigm could shift, making DES the treatment of choice for obstructive left main coronary disease. Figure 4. Surveillance angiogram at 3 months documents excellent patency of the DES within the left main coronary artery. In the …
Background estimation of power amplifier nonlinearities for OFDM signals

A method of estimating the third-order distortion coefficient of a memoryless amplifier is presented for the case of an OFDM signal. The estimate is obtained from correlation of the existing PRBS sequences BPSK modulated onto the OFDM pilots with in-band pilot distortion products at the amplifier output. The estimate was used for digital pre-distortion of the amplifier, with 8–10dB measured improvement in the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR). The method can be used for real-time estimation of nonlinearities without unduly affecting the communication link.
Interconnect modeling for improved system-level design optimization

Accurate modeling of delay, power, and area of interconnections early in the design phase is crucial for effective system-level optimization. Models presently used in system-level optimizations, such as network-on-chip (NoC) synthesis, are inaccurate in the presence of deep-submicron effects. In this paper, we propose new, highly accurate models for delay and power in buffered interconnects; these models are usable by system-level designers for existing and future technologies. We present a general and transferable methodology to construct our models from a wide variety of reliable sources (Liberty, LEF/ITF, ITRS, PTM, etc.). The modeling infrastructure, and a number of characterized technologies, are available as open source. Our models comprehend key interconnect circuit and layout design styles, and a power-efficient buffering technique that overcomes unrealities of previous delay-driven buffering techniques. We show that our models are significantly more accurate than previous models for global and intermediate buffered interconnects in 90 nm and 65 nm foundry processes - essentially matching signoff analyses. We also integrate our models in the COSI-OCC synthesis tool and show that the more accurate modeling significantly affects optimal/achievable architectures that are synthesized by the tool. The increased accuracy provided by our models enables system-level designers to obtain better assessments of the achievable performance/power/area tradeoffs for (communication-centric aspects of) system design, with negligible setup and overhead burdens.
Photo-transfection of mammalian cells via femtosecond laser pulses

Various methods including chemical, viral or physical approaches have been developed to trigger transient membrane permeabilisation with limited cytotocixity in cells [1, 2]. Such developments permit efficient cytoplasmic delivery of genes, fluorochromes, antibodies etc. which are essential for research in subject areas such as genetics, cell biology and clinical therapy. Genetic species can be exclusively introduced and subsequently expressed in live mammalian cells via optical systems [3], a technique presently referred to as photo-transfection. Localised application of femtosecond (fs) laser pulses onto the cell membrane induces transient submicrometer holes [4], thereby facilitating cytosolic uptake of extracellular exogenous materials.
Societal Costs of Risky Driving: An Economic Analysis of High-Risk Patients Visiting an Urban Emergency Department

Objectives: We estimated the societal costs imposed by and the relative contributions of risky driving, drinking–driving, and substance use among young adults visiting a large urban emergency department who exhibited both high-risk driving and problem drinking. Methods: Emergency department patients aged 18 to 44 who screened positive for risky driving and problem drinking (n = 275) were surveyed regarding driving behaviors, substance use, injuries, work absences, health care utilization, legal problems, and traffic crashes over the previous year. These data, supplemented by police crash reports, were used to estimate costs. Univariate and multivariate regressions tested for associations between costs (logarithmically transformed) and risky driving, drinking–driving, and substance use. Results: Societal costs related to driving behavior and substance use averaged $19 342 per person, annually. One in 4 individuals had experienced a mild or moderate injury in the prior year, but no one in our sample had bee...
Rationality and traffic attraction: incentives for honest path announcements in bgp

We study situations in which autonomous systems (ASes) may have incentives to send BGP announcements differing from the AS-level paths that packets traverse in the data plane. Prior work on this issue assumed that ASes seek only to obtain the best possible outgoing path for their traffic. In reality, other factors can influence a rational AS's behavior. Here we consider a more natural model, in which an AS is also interested in attracting incoming traffic (e.g., because other ASes pay it to carry their traffic). We ask what combinations of BGP enhancements and restrictions on routing policies can ensure that ASes have no incentive to lie about their data-plane paths. We find that protocols like S-BGP alone are insufficient, but that S-BGP does suffice if coupled with additional (quite unrealistic) restrictions on routing policies. Our game-theoretic analysis illustrates the high cost of ensuring that the ASes honestly announce data-plane paths in their BGP path announcements.
NEW EARLY LATE CRETACEOUS (CENOMANIAN) MOLLUSKS FROM OREGON

Abstract Four new molluscan species, a bivalve and three gastropods, are named from shallow-marine, lower Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian Stage) strata in Oregon. The laternulid bivalve Cercomya (Cercomya) hesperia new species is from the Bernard Formation in east-central Oregon and from the Osburger Gulch Sandstone Member of the Hornbrook Formation in southwest Oregon. It is the first Cenomanian record of this genus. The iteriid gastropods, Vernedia pacifica new species and Sogdianella oregonensis new species, are from unnamed Cenomanian strata in east-central Oregon and represent the first records of these genera in western North America. The actaeonellid gastropod Trochactaeon (Neocylindrites) allisoni new species from these same deposits represents the first record of this genus in Oregon. The new species of Cercomya sensu stricto, Vernedia, and Neocylindrites are very similar to western European species, and the new species of Sogdianella is most similar to a Peruvian species.
The Incidence of Spinal Cord Injury in Implantation of Percutaneous and Paddle Electrodes for Spinal Cord Stimulation.

Objective Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been proven effective for multiple chronic pain syndromes. Over the past 40 years of use, the complication rates of SCS have been well defined in the literature; however, the incidence of one of the most devastating complications, spinal cord injury (SCI), remains largely unknown. The goal of the study was to quantify the incidence of SCI in both percutaneous and paddle electrode implantation. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of the Thomson Reuter's MarketScan database of all patients that underwent percutaneous or paddle SCS implantation from 2000 to 2009. The main outcome measures of the study were the incidence of SCI and spinal hematoma within 30 days following operation. Results Overall 8326 patients met inclusion criteria for the study (percutaneous: 5458 vs. paddle: 2868). The overall incidence of SCI was 177 (2.13%) (percutaneous: 128 (2.35%) vs. paddle: 49 (1.71%), p = 0.0556). The overall incidence of spinal hematoma was 59 (0.71%) (percutaneous: 41 (0.75%) vs. paddle: 18 (0.63%), p = 0.5230). Conclusion Our study shows that the overall incidence of SCI in SCS is low (2.13%), supporting that SCS is a safe procedure. No significant difference was found in the rates of SCI or spinal hematoma between the percutaneous and paddle groups. Further studies are needed to characterize the mechanisms of SCI in SCS and long-term outcomes in these patients.
The Space between Choice and Our Models of It: Practical Wisdom and Normative Economics

The gap between the economic theory of action and the practical reality of choice (analyzed in the Aristotelian practical wisdom tradition) cannot be bridged through the development of more complex models. This poses a challenge for the use of economic models for policy analysis: they cannot help but leave out of their formal analysis aspects of actual decision making (practical wisdom) which are crucial to the operation of the economy. Insights from three different treatments of the gap between the formal analysis of choice and the reality of human behavior (Suchman’s studies of human-machine interaction, Scott’s analysis of metis, and Vernon Smith’s studies of ecological rationality) offer guidance for how economists might modify the insights of their models of choice when offering policy advice.
Reverse Transcriptase-Associated Ribonuclease H Activity as a Target for Antiviral Chemotherapy

The availability of highly purified recombinant enzymes and model heteropolymeric nucleic acid substrates now allows more precise evaluation of the ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reverse transcriptase. In addition to degrading the RNA-DNA replicative intermediate, this C-terminal domain of around 130 residues supports highly specialized events that cannot be complemented by host-coded enzymes during retrovirus replication. RNase H activity should therefore be considered a plausible candidate for therapeutic intervention. Events during HIV replication requiring precise RNase H-mediated hydrolysis, the methodologies available to study these events, and their potential for therapeutic intervention are reviewed here.
Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring Network (TEAM Network)

The Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network (http://www.teamnetwork.org) – a partnership among Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution, and the Wildlife Conservation Society – is a multidisciplinary network operating at a global scale, across a set of tropical forest landscapes.The vegetation-monitoring protocol (http://www.teamnetwork.org/protocols/bio/vegetation) requires the spatial mapping and taxonomic identification of all trees and lianas larger than 10 cm diameter at breast height in 1-ha plots. Each TEAM Network site has at least six 1-ha plots where all stem diameters are measured annually. The data generated from these permanent 1-ha forest-inventory plots are useful for both the tropical forest diversity and the tropical forest carbon research communities. Data collection is done either using paper field forms, which are subsequently transcribed into digital form, or using a mobile EcoPDA device (http://www.teamnetwork.org/ content/ecopda) to directly enter the information in digital form. The final digital data set is uploaded into the TEAM Network datamanagement system using a suite of data-acquisition tools. Data management and distribution is provided by the www.teamnetwork.org web portal. This report describes the available content in the vegetation-plot database of the TEAM Network (GIVD ID 00-00-002).
The Effect of Religious Restrictions on Forced Migration

What is the impact of religious repression on forced migration? While current and historical cases highlight the significance of state-sponsored religions repression, existing quantitative studies on forced migration have not sufficiently addressed the role of religion as a determinant of flight. We argue that religious repression undermines the quality of life, quality of religious observance, and physical integrity of religious communities, and therefore increases incentives to leave. We test this through a quantitative analysis of forced migration data from 1990 to 2008 and several measures of religious repression, using a negative binomial regression. We find that state-driven religious repression, in particular religious bans, tends to increase forced migration. These findings contribute to the body of forced migration literature and the study of religion and politics by demonstrating the significant effects religious repression has on this aspect of world politics.
Stroke Associated with Severe Cerebral Vasospasm after Petroclival Meningioma Resection (P05.263)

Objective: We report a rare case of stroke associated with delayed severe vasospasm after resection of petroclival meningioma. Background Diffuse cerebral vasospasm is a frequent complication following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage or after severe traumatic brain injury; however, symptomatic cerebral vasospasm following intracranial tumor resection is a rare, and underrecognized condition. Design/Methods: A 55-year-old woman with a petroclival meningioma, presented with intractable seizures and decreased right hand dexterity, and underwent resection of the mass She underwent a nine hour and was discharged home on POD#7 with mild slurred speech and IV nerve palsy. Patient was readmitted on POD#11 for evaluation of four days of progressively worsening slurred speech and lethargy. Results: MRI showed patchy acute infarcts in the left posterior frontal, parietal and occipital lobes, perisylvian region, corpus callosum splenium, mesial temporal lobe, hypothalamus, and bilateral pontomesencephalic junctions. MRA was significant for diffuse vasospasm, including:1) severe stenosis of terminal ICAs bilaterally,2) significant stenosis in the proximal ACA A1, MCA M1, and ACA A2 segments bilaterally 3) moderate-severe stenosis in both vertebral arteries and severe stenosis in mid basilar artery and proximal PCA.Four-vessel angiogram confirmed the findings. Patient was subsequently treated with balloon angioplasty and intrarterial nicardipine, with marked improvement in symptoms. Conclusions: In conclusion, although vasospasm is rare following tumor resection, its existence has been well documented in an increasing number of cases. There is no clear inciting factor for this phenomenon; it is evident factors are likely implicated in the development of the vasospasm including blood in basal cisterns, vessel manipulation, and tumor-related inflammatory mediators. It appears that the interval for the occurrence of vasospasm after tumor resection follows that seen after aneurysmal SAH. One needs to have a high index of suspicion for vasospasm as a cause of neurological deterioration postoperatively after brain tumor resection so that prompt diagnosis and aggressive management is instituted. Disclosure: Dr. Chmayssani has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murthy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ghosh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bershad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Suarez has received personal compensation for activities with Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi and Boehringer Ingelheim as a speaker. Dr. Suarez has received research support from the Haas Trust and NINDS.
Abstract 1160: Whole genome amplification and high-throughput sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded colorectal cancer

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumors represent a valuable resource for translational cancer genomic research. However, genetic analysis of the FFPE material is challenging, as archived tissues are often small biopsies and the fixation process damages DNA. In researching a solution to this, we have evaluated the performance of different whole genome amplification methods for obtaining DNA samples from archived tumors and their use as a template in high-throughput sequencing. Two whole genome amplification methods were applied using 20 μm sections of FFPE colorectal cancer tissue and normal human genome DNA samples. Genomic DNA was amplified using Multiple Displacement Amplification (MDA) method and a modified version of Degenerate Oligonucleotide PCR (DOP) assay. Non-amplified human genomic DNA was used as a reference when genomic coverage, linearity and uniformity of the amplified products were assessed. Paired-end sequencing libraries were prepared from the DOP amplified templates while the MDA samples underwent single read library preparation. Sequencing was performed using an Illumina Genome Analyzer II. 2.5 million 54-mer reads mapping to the human genome were generated for each sample. Whole genome amplification was shown to produce artifacts when compared to non-amplified genomic DNA sequences. The modified DOP method preferentially amplified non-repetitive sequences in the human genome. Using the MDA-based method, genomic sequence coverage was generally more even between regions of repetitive and non-repetitive DNA. However, spread of the sequence read counts was greater in the MDA method and MDA amplification offered less dynamic range to identify copy number aberrations. Using whole genome amplification methods with the FFPE colorectal tumor sample we were able to generate 130 Mb of genomic sequence data and identify DNA copy number gains in chromosomes 13 and 20q. Whole genome amplification and high-throughput sequencing can be used to generate sequence data from minute amounts of FFPE material and identify DNA copy number aberrations in the archived tumors. Nonetheless, whole genome amplification produces artifacts by introducing bias towards specific regions of the genome, generating artificial and random DNA fragment assemblies (MDA) and introducing universal primer sequence in the ends of the amplified DNA fragments (DOP). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1160.
Nucleation on surfaces and in confinement

A review of recent literature supports the notion that organisms may achieve nanoscale control over the hierarchical assembly of organic-inorganic materials by compartmentalizing reactions into small volumes containing specifically functionalized macromolecules. Such confinement may introduce a degree of determinism to the stochastic process of nucleation by greatly reducing the number of nucleation events, allowing an organism to control nucleation using “soft” organic substrates. In this way, the polymorph, orientation, shape, and size of a crystalline building block can be selected, and its assembly into a larger structure orchestrated by the organic matrix.
Chapter 1 - High-Power Slab-Coupled Optical Waveguide Lasers and Amplifiers

Abstract The development of a high-brightness semiconductor diode laser/amplifier concept, which utilizes a slab-coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) region to achieve several important advances in performance, is presented. SCOW devices are capable of single-spatial-mode operation with a single-lobed, large-area, low-aspect-ratio beam. The SCOW concept is applicable to a wide variety of semiconductor material systems and wavelengths of interest. To date, SCOW devices have been demonstrated in the InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs, InGaAsP/InP, and AlGaAsSb/GaAs. High-power lasers and optical amplifiers have been developed for numerous applications, including arrays for wavelength and coherent beam combining, narrow-linewidth external cavity lasers, and mode-locked lasers.
Geographic variation in resistance to nectar robbing and consequences for pollination.

Premise of the study Floral evolution is frequently ascribed to selection by pollinators, but may also be shaped by antagonists. However, remarkably few studies have examined geographic mosaics in resistance to floral antagonists or the consequences for other floral interactions. Methods Gelsemium sempervirens experiences frequent nectar robbing in northern Georgia, but rarely in southern Georgia. We conducted common-garden experiments in both locations using genotypes from each region and measured robbing, pollinator attraction, floral attractive and defensive traits, and plant reproduction. Key results Nectar robbing was more than four times higher in the north vs. south, and pollinator visits did not differ between gardens. Across both gardens, northern genotypes were half as likely to be nectar-robbed but received half as many pollinator visits as southern genotypes, suggesting evolution of resistance to robbing at a cost of reduced pollinator attraction. Plant-level traits, such as height and number of flowers, were more closely associated with resistance to robbing than floral size, shape, or chemistry. Northern genotypes had lower female and estimated male reproduction compared to southern genotypes at both locations, which could be due to costs of resistance to nectar robbing, or costs of adaptations to other biotic or abiotic differences between regions. Conclusions Our study indicates that geographic variation can play a strong role structuring interactions with floral antagonists and mutualists and provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that local resistance to nectar robbing imposes costs in terms of decreased pollinator attraction and reproduction.
SP0177 Inhibitory Pathways of Synovial Angiogenesis

Introduction Angiogenesis occurs in a variety of normal processes, such as wound healing, organ development and the menstrual cycle. However, angiogenesis is also associated with numerous disease processes, including tumor growth, proliferative retinopathy, atherosclerosis and proliferative synovitis. Consequently, these pathologic processes are attractive therapeutic targets. Healthy joint vasculature is maintained by an appropriate balance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules. However, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), this balance is disrupted; the levels of VEGF, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and basic FGF (b-FGF), all of which are proangiogenic, are elevated in the joints of both patients with RA and in adjuvant-induced arthritis. The elevation of these proangiogenic factors occurs in the absence of adequate counterbalancing antiangiogenic factors. The new vasculature permits synovial hyperplasia which ultimately contributes to joint inflammation and structural damage. Results In the United States, there are already at least 13 FDA approved anti-cancer therapies with recognized antiangiogenic properties in oncology that target the endothelial cell, pericyte, or tumor cell. These agents, which interrupt critical cell signaling pathways involved in tumor angiogenesis and growth, comprise three primary categories: 1) Monoclonal antibodies directed against specific proangiogenic growth factors and/or their receptors; 2) Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of multiple proangiogenic growth factor receptors; and 3) Inhibitors of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin). In addition there are other angiogenic agents whose mechanisms are not completely understood. A variety of angiogenesis inhibitors are being examined for their potential in treating RA, and although none of these compounds have advanced beyond phase II clinical trials, several angiogenesis inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical RA models. Conclusions Angiogenesis is an attractive therapeutic target although blood vessel growth is complex with multiple mechanisms. Different diseases may utilize different dominant pathways but surrogate markers such as bFGF, VEGF, and vessel density, may be helpful as predictors of likely candidates for therapeutic intervention. Angiogenesis inhibitors warrant further studies in rheumatic diseases. They lend themselves to combination therapies 1) that target multiple vessel proangiogenic pathways or 2) that could be used with biologic response modifiers. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Interactive knowledge discovery from hidden data through sampling of frequent patterns

In real life, many important datasets are not publicly accessible due to various reasons, including privacy protection and maintenance of business competitiveness. However, Knowledge discovery and pattern mining from these datasets can bring enormous benefit both to the data owner and the external entities. In this paper, we propose a novel solution for this task, which is based on Markov chain Monte Carlo MCMC sampling of frequent patterns. Instead of returning all the frequent patterns, the proposed paradigm sends back a small set of randomly selected patterns so that the confidentiality of the dataset can be maintained. Our solution also allows interactive sampling, so that the sampled patterns can fulfill the user's requirement effectively. We show experimental results from several real-life datasets to validate the capability and usefulness of our solution. In particular, we show examples that by using our proposed solution, an eCommerce marketplace can allow pattern mining on user session data without disclosing the data to the public; such a mining paradigm can help the sellers in the marketplace, which eventually can boost the market's own revenue. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining: The ASA Data Science Journal, 2016
Nanofluidic Carbon Nanotube Membranes: Applications for Water Purification and Desalination

Publisher Summary The unique geometry and internal structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) give rise to newly discovered phenomena of the ultraefficient transport of water through these ultra-narrow molecular pipes. Water transport in nanometer-size nanotube pores is orders of magnitude faster than transport in other pores of comparable size. We discuss the basic physical principles of the ultraefficient transport in CNTs, the fabrication of CNT membranes, and their nanofiltration and ion exclusion properties. A rare combination of transport efficiency and selectivity makes CNT membranes a highly promising technological platform for the next-generation desalination and water purification technologies. This chapter discusses the potential of these applications for improving water quality.
Prognostic impact of tumor (T) and lymph node (N) status in metastatic colon cancer (MCC): A validation study using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

786Background: T and N status are not routinely utilized in prognosis of MCC. We had previously demonstrated that T and N serve as independent predictors for overall survival (OS) in MCC using SEER...
The Impact of a Merit-Based Incentive Payment System on Quality of Healthcare: A Framed Field Experiment

We study the impact of a merit-based incentive payment system on provider behavior in the primary care setting using new experimental methods that leverage healthcare simulations with patient actors. Our approach allows us to exogenously change a provider’s incentives and to directly measure the consequences of alternative payment systems. Within our sample, we find that merit-based incentive payment systems increase the number of the incentivized measures met, but also lower quality of care through unintended effects on adherence to standards of care and patient satisfaction.