cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of bacteremias in cellulitis and erysipelas.

Summary Objectives Because of the difficulty of obtaining bacterial cultures from patients with cellulitis and erysipelas, the microbiology of these common infections remains incompletely defined. Given the emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) over the past decade the proportion of infections due to S. aureus has become particularly relevant. Methods OVID was used to search Medline using the focused subject headings " cellulitis " , " erysipelas " and " soft tissue infections " . All references that involved adult patients with cellulitis or erysipelas and reported associated bacteremias and specific pathogens were included in the review. Results For erysipelas, 4.6% of 607 patients had positive blood cultures, of which 46% were Streptococcus pyogenes , 29% were other β-hemolytic streptococci, 14% were Staphylococcus aureus , and 11% were Gram-negative organisms. For cellulitis, 7.9% of 1578 patients had positive blood cultures of which 19% were Streptococcus pyogenes , 38% were other β-hemolytic streptococci, 14% were Staphylococcus aureus , and 28% were Gram-negative organisms. Conclusions Although the strength of our conclusions are somewhat limited by the heterogeneity of included cases, our results support the traditional view that cellulitis and erysipelas are primarily due to streptococcal species, with a smaller proportion due to S. aureus . Our results also argue against the current distinction between cellulitis and erysipelas in terms of the relative proportion of infections due to S. aureus .
Optical Enhancement of Emission in Three Dimensional Arrays of Metal Nanoparticle Antennae and Quantum-Dot Emitters

We examine the enhancement to be realized in three-dimensional arrays of regularly spaced metallic nanoantennae and quantum dot/dye molecule emitters. We find that these arrays, formed by chemical synthesis have drastically different properties depending on metal type and spacer molecule length.
Relationship between Husband's Health Status and the Mental Health of Older Women:

This study examines the association between husband's health and the mental health of community-dwelling White women 65 to 75 years of age and how the wife's health, socioeconomic and social resources, and marital quality affect this relationship. Husband's health strongly predicts wife's mental health; the negative impact of which is more pronounced when the wife has poor or declining health as well. Marital quality is a strong predictor of the wives' mental health. Analyses examining the independent and joint effects of marital quality and husband's health on wife's mental health indicate that the negative association of illness in a spouse on wife's mental state is, in part, a function of the impact husband's health has on marital intimacy and shared pursuits. Of the socioeconomic and social resources examined, only availability of close friends shows a substantial relationship to the wives' mental health.
Paroxysmal hypertensive hemicrania.

SYNOPSIS A patient with severe bilateral carotid occlusive disease and paroxysmal hypertensive attacks associated with vascular headaches localized to an area of a major collateral system is reported. The similarity of the patient's symptoms to many components of migraine illustrate the relationship of headache, conjunctival erythema and unilateral lacrimation to increased blood flow.
Chronic dialysis in the infant less than 1 year of age

Dialysis in the infant carries a mortality rate of 16%. Institution of dialysis may be the result of adequate nutritional intake, but avoidance of nutritional intake should never be seen as a way to prevent dialysis. Increased caloric intake, usually via enteral feeding tubes, is needed for optimal growth in the infant with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in order to attain adequate nutrition with resulting good growth. “Renal” formulae may be constituted as dilute (as in thepolyuric infant) or concentrated (as in theanuric infant) to fit the infants needs. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the usual mode of renal replacement therapy (97%), with access via a surgically placed cuffed catheter with attention to the placement of the exit site in order to avoid fecal or urinary contamination. PD volumes of 30–40 ml/kg per pass or 800–1,200 ml/m2 per pass usually result in dialysis adequacy. Additional dietary sodium (3–5 mEq/kg per day) and protein (3–4 g/kg per day) are needed, due to sodium and protein losses in the dialysate. Protein losses are associated with significant infectious morbidity and nonresponsiveness to routine immunizations. Hemodialysis (HD) can be performed either as single- or dual-needle access that have minimal dead space (less then 2 ml) and recirculation rate (less then 5%). Attnetion to extracorporeal blood volume (<10% of intravascular volume), blood flow rates (3–5 ml/kg per min), heparinization (activated clotting times), ultrafiltration (ultrafiltration monitor), and temperature control is imperative during each treatment. Because infants' nutrition is mostly fluid, HD may be needed 4–6 days/week (especially in the oligoanuric infant) to avoid excessive volume overload between treatments. At the end of the treatment a slow blood return with minimal saline rinse is needed to avoid hemodynamic compromise. Infant dialysis, although technically challenging with a significant morbidity and mortality rate, can be safely carried out in the infant with ESRD but requires infant-specific equipment and trained personnel.
Specific in vivo and nonspecific in vitro alloreactivities of adult frogs (Xenopus laevis) that were thymectomized during early larval life

Thymectomy of very young Xenopus larvae abrogated in vitro proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and allogeneic leukocytes. Thymectomized (Txd) frogs, however, still rejected first-set skin allografts chronically and second-set grafts (but not third-party grafts) more rapidly. The specific second-set rejection reaction by Txd frogs was transferable in vivo to secondary Txd hosts (with major histocompatibility complex identical to the cell donor) by the subcutaneous injection of a mixture of splenic and peripheral blood leukocytes. Spleen cells used in this adoptive transfer experiment (i.e., immune cells) were responsive to allogeneic cells from the original donor strain as well as from unrelated donors in mixed leukocyte culture in vitro but were still unreactive to PHA. The results are consistent with an extrathymic pathway of alloreactive cell differentiation in this species, although the physiological significance of such a pathway is not clear.
Progeny analysis of tobacco that express a mammalian Δ9 desaturase

Various tissues ofNicotiana tabacum plants transformed with a rat stearyl-CoA desaturase gene were analyzed for lipid composition. Gas chromatographic analysis showed a decrease in saturated 16 and 18 carbon fatty acids in leaves and roots of several progeny. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of total DNA from leaves indicated the presence of the desaturase gene in kanamycin-resistant progeny with altered fatty acid composition. Western immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of introduced desaturase protein. Data on the inheritance of kanamycin resistance is presented.
The healing process in normal canine arteries and in atherosclerotic monkey arteries after transluminal laser irradiation

To evaluate the healing response of both normal and atherosclerotic arteries to laser radiation, 7 mongrel dogs and 4 hypercholesterolemic atherosclerotic monkeys underwent catheterization with a right Judkins catheter-optical fiber system designed to maximize arterial wall injury. Argon laser radiation was then delivered to the abdominal aorta and iliofemoral arteries. In the 11 animals, a total of 917 sites were irradiated in 33 arteries. Angiography did not reveal dissection or aneurysm formation; occlusive thrombosis was found in 2 arteries. Perforation of the arterial wall was a frequent complication. In animals killed between 1 hour and 4 days, light and electron microscopy of lased sites showed craters filled with a coagulum of blood and cellular debris with only a few adherent platelets. Healing occurred with a minimal inflammatory response and involved both fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Reendothelialization was seen in all animals killed between 7 and 14 days after lasing and was complete by 30 to 60 days. Within this period, no accelerated atherosclerosis was seen at lased sites in the hypercholesterolemic monkeys. It is concluded that transluminal lasing of normal arteries in dogs and in atherosclerotic arteries of monkeys is followed by healing and reendothelialization within a few weeks.
Spectroscopy of benzene complexes with perylene and other aromatic species

Abstract The fluorescence excitation spectra are reported of complexes of benzene with perylene and anthracene. Some correlations are established between the results of simple potential energy calculations and the experimental data, in regard to the structures and binding energies of a number of different complexes. In particular, while the anthracenebenzene complex is somewhat similar to one postulated form of the benzene dimer where parallel, but displaced rings are found, benzene appears to occupy a center-of-mass position on perylene. The spectrum of perylenebenzene also shows evidence of strong coupling between internal modes of the two molecules near 1600 cm −1 . The other major perturbation of the spectrum involves damping of the out-of-plane “butterfly” motion of perylene by the adsorbed benzene molecule. The principal low-frequency mode, known to be a v = 0 → v = 2 transition in the bare molecule, at 95 cm −1 , is replaced in the benzene 1:1 and 2:1 complexes by a transition, at 68 cm −1 . Furthermore, unlike the bare molecule, the ground state frequency of the perturbed out-of-plane mode is very similar to that of the excited state. Indications from these data support the idea that the equilibrium out-of-plane distortion of perylene in a complex with benzene is rather different from that observed in the bare perylene molecule.
Heat pipe modeling and simulation

Presented herein is a parametric study of the defining equations which govern the steady state operational characteristics of the Grumman Monogroove Dual Passage Heat Pipe. These defining equations are combined to develop a mathematical model which describes and predicts the operational and performance capabilities of a specific heat pipe, given the necessary physical characteristics and working fluid. Included is a brief review of the current literature, a discussion of the governing equations, and a description of both the mathematical and computer model. Final results of preliminary test runs of the model are presented and compared with experimental tests performed by Grumman on actual prototypes.
REACTION OF ENZYMES WITH STARCH GRANULES : KINETICS AND PRODUCTS OF THE REACTION WITH GLUCOAMYLASE

Abstract The reaction of glucoamylase with starch granules from seven botanical sources (waxy maize, maize, barley, tapioca, amylomaize-7, shoti, and potato) and with four potato starches modified with acid in four types of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol) were studied using three concentrations of enzyme (2, 20, and 200 units mL −1 ). The kinetics of the formation of d -glucose were followed over 32 h for the three enzyme concentrations. The starches showed a wide degree of variance in their susceptibility to enzyme hydrolysis. They divided into three groups: waxy maize starch was the most susceptible being converted into 50, 95, and 98% d -glucose in 32 h for the three concentrations of enzyme, respectively; an intermediate group (barley, maize, and tapioca starches) was converted into 10–15, 60, and 75–80% d -glucose in 32 h for the three concentrations of enzyme, respectively; and the third and least susceptible group (amylomaize-7, shoti, and potato starches) was converted into 2–8, 9–16, and 13–21% d -glucose in 32 h for the three concentrations of enzyme, respectively. The percent conversion for the modified potato starches was proportional to the amount of enzyme and the degree of modification. The 100X (200 U mL −1 ) amount of enzyme gave 13, 17, 21 and 27% d -glucose in 32 h for potato starch modified in the four alcohols, respectively. The number and size of the granules were determined over 32 h of reaction using 10X (20 U mL −1 ) enzyme for waxy maize starch and 100X enzyme for the other starches. The number of granules for waxy maize, barley, maize, and tapioca starches significantly increased in the first part of the reaction and then decreased; this was paralleled by a decrease of 40–50% in the size of the granules. The number and size of the potato and shoti starch granules did not change very significantly and the number and size of amylomaize-7 starch granules decreased slightly but steadily to about 25% of the number and size of the native granules. The morphologies of the granules during reaction were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive conversion into 50% d -glucose for the starches in the first two groups showed the classical “Swiss cheese” shell structure with many deep holes into the granules. The least susceptible starches in the third group did not show much change in morphology, except for some minor surface pitting.
Necrotic cell death: harnessing the Dark side of the Force in mammary gland involution

In response to major cellular insults, a massive increase in lysosomal membrane permeability (LMP) leads to necrosis. Data now reveal that this potent lysosomal-mediated necrotic cell-death machinery can also be harnessed for complex physiological processes, such as post-lactation mammary gland involution.
Geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in basalt from Hannuoba, Eastern China: Implications for subcontinental mantle heterogeneity

Based on geochemical studies of six anhydrous spinel peridotite xenoliths in basanite, the upper mantle beneath Hannuoba, eastern China is compositionally heterogeneous. These samples range in Sr and Nd isotopic ratios from MORB-like to near bulk-earth estimates. The low 87Sr86Sr and high 143Nd144Nd samples contain the largest amount of a basaltic component (e.g., CaO and Al2O3), but they are relatively depleted in light rare earth elements compared to chondrites. Other samples have U-shaped chondrite-normalized REE patterns. Trace element and radiogenic isotopic data require enrichment processes acting on depleted mantle. Constraints on these processes are: (a) inverse correlations between basaltic constituents, such as CaO and Al2O3, and LaSm; and, (b) samples most depleted in CaO and Al2O3 have the highest 87Sr86Sr and lowest 143Nd144Nd. These trends can be explained by a model whereby garnet peridotite zoned in isotopic composition undergoes partial melting. Because of a gradient in degree of melting, e.g., from the wall-rock contact to hotter interior, or as a function of depth in a diapir, melts initially segregate from regions where the degree of melting is high. Subsequently, the recently created residues are infiltrated by slower segregating incipient melts. Preferential mixing of these incipient melts with residues from high degrees of melting can explain the observed complex geochemical trends seen in Hannuoba and many other peridotite xenolith suites. Clinopyroxene-rich veins in some of the peridotites may reflect pathways of ascending melt.
The influence of finite size on critical phenomena in Ni films

Abstract The depression of Tc for Ni films is found to be proportional to n−λ where n is the number of atomic layers and λ = 1.33±0.13. This suggests that λ may equal 1 v where v is the correlation length exponent.
Thermal fluctuations in systems driven away from equilibrium

I will summarize results that describe the microsopic response of a system driven away from an initial state of thermal equilibrium. I will discuss the application of these results to the analysis of laser tweezer experiments, as well as to the numerical estimation of free energy differences in complex systems such as bio-molecules.
EPR of Mn2+-doped single crystal of MgSiF6 · 6H2O

Abstract X-band EPR measurements are reported on single crystals of MgSiF6 · 6H2O doped with Mn2+ ions at various temperatures. The absolute signs of the spin Hamiltonian parameters are determined from liquid-helium temperature data. The values of the parameters are evaluated rigorously using the method of least-squares fitting.
Zebrafish Mosaic Eyes Is a Novel FERM Protein Required for Retinal Lamination and Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Tight Junction Formation

Polarization is a common feature of many types of cells, and we are beginning to understand how cells become polarized. The role of cell polarity in development and tissue morphogenesis, however, is much less well understood. Our previous analysis of the mosaic eyes (moe) mutations revealed that moe is required for retinal lamination and also suggested that zebrafish moe function is required in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) for the proper localization of adjacent retinal cell divisions at the apical neuroepithelial surface. To understand the function of moe in the RPE, we cloned the moe locus and show that it encodes a novel FERM (for 4.1 protein, ezrin, radixin, moesin) domain-containing protein. Expression of moe in the eye, kidney, and brain reflects phenotypes found in moe(-) mutants, including RPE and retinal lamination defects, edema, and small or absent brain ventricles. We show that moe function is required for tight junction formation in the RPE. We suggest that moe may be a necessary component of the crumbs pathway that regulates apical cell polarity and also may play a role in photoreceptor morphogenesis.
Impact of L-phenylalanine supplementation on the performance of three-week-old broilers fed diets containing ochratoxin A. 1. Effects on body weight, feed conversion, relative organ weight, and mortality.

An experiment with a completely randomized 2-by-3 factorial design was used to study the effects of ochratoxin A (OA; 0 and 4 mg of OA per kg) and supplemental L-phenylalanine (Phe; .0%, .8%, and 2.4% of Phe) in the diets of 3-wk-old broilers. Diets based on ground yellow corn and dehulled soybean meal were fed from Day 1 to 3 wk of age. A total of 240 male Hubbard-by-Hubbard broilers were randomly placed in battery brooders with 10 birds per pen. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. The parameters measured included mortality, BW, feed conversion, and relative organ weight. Broilers receiving OA weighed less and had poorer feed conversions than birds not receiving OA. For broilers receiving OA, the relative weights (grams of organ weight per 100 g of BW) of the liver, proventriculus, gizzard, and heart increased, while the relative weight of the bursa decreased. Supplemental Phe decreased the relative weight of the liver and increased the relative weight of the gizzard and heart. The regression slopes for Phe at 4 mg of OA per kg of diet were significantly different from 0 for BW, the relative weights of the kidney, spleen, and pancreas and approached significance for mortality (P = .065). In the absence of supplemental Phe, 42.5% of the birds died during the study when the dose level was 4 mg of OA per kg of diet. However, when Phe was supplemented at .8 and 2.4%, only 12.5 and 15.0% of the birds died, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A limited sensing random-access algorithm with binary success-failure feedback

The authors consider the problem of random access communication over a time-slotted channel, with binary success/failure feedback. The feedback informs the users only whether or not there was a success (single transmission) in the previous slot. They propose and analyze a limited feedback-sensing algorithm (each user is required to observe the channel feedback, from the time he generates a packet to the time that this packet is successfully transmitted). The algorithm requires central control implemented by a central receiver. The limit Poisson user model is adopted. The algorithm achieves a throughput of 0.322 and induces low delays for relatively low input rates. >
Outcomes reported by the Vascular Quality Initiative and the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program are not comparable.

Objective The Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) have emerged as the primary vascular surgery quality measurement tools with the purpose of evaluating perioperative outcomes and assessing hospital and physician quality. VQI uses self-reporting to capture all index vascular procedures during the inpatient period. NSQIP employs nurse abstractors to capture a sample of procedures and covers 30-day events. We hypothesize that patients undergoing lower extremity bypass (LEB) will exhibit high concordance for preoperative variables and low concordance for postoperative variables between these data sets. Methods All patients undergoing LEB for peripheral arterial disease at the University of Massachusetts captured in both VQI and NSQIP databases were reviewed (2007-2012). Concordance between categorical variables was assessed by κ correlation coefficient. All postoperative variables were compared during equivalent inpatient stay. Events between discharge and 30 days postoperatively were tabulated with use of the NSQIP data set. Results We identified 240 patients undergoing LEB captured in both VQI and NSQIP. Comparison of this identical patient cohort between VQI and NSQIP revealed a moderate to strong agreement for most preoperative variables except for congestive heart failure (κ = 0.14) and hypertension (κ = 0.35), which showed poor agreement. Concordance for inpatient postoperative variables was high for mortality (κ = 1.0) and myocardial infarction (κ = 0.86) but moderate for pulmonary complications (κ = 0.57) and poor for unplanned return to the operating room (κ = 0.41), wound infection (κ = −0.01), and change in renal function (κ = −0.01). A majority of postoperative events (71%) occurred between discharge and 30 days postoperatively, with a significantly higher incidence of wound infections in the outpatient setting (4.2% vs 95.8%; P Conclusions VQI and NSQIP demonstrate substantial concordance for most preoperative variables and poor concordance for most postoperative variables, even at identical collection periods. This discordance is a result of differences in data collection methods and variable definitions. On the basis of these findings, VQI and NSQIP data sets cannot be used to directly compare risk-adjusted patient outcomes between institutions.
Spatial representations acquired from computer models: Cognitive load, orientation specificity and the acquisition of survey knowledge

Past research has shown that spatial knowledge acquired from maps is orientation specific while that acquired from direct experience is not. Research using computer model exposure to an environment has sometimes succeeded in eliminating orientation specificity but usually at a cost of generally poor spatial judgment performance on the part of participants. Typically, orientation specificity has been assessed using simulated orientation tests where participants must imagine their locations and facing directions. The current research reduces cognitive load by not using a simulated test of orientation and in doing so succeeds in eliminating orientation specificity while maintaining generally accurate performance after computer model exposure. In tests of survey knowledge, the current research finds evidence that computer model exposure has variable affects on participants over extended periods of time.
Metal ion additive–polyimide interactions employing thermogravimetry†

Solutions of poly(amic acid), a polyimide precursor prepared from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4′-oxydianiline, containing metal ions such as Pd, Pt, and Sn in a variety of chemical states were prepared. The polymer–metal ion solutions and each component thereof were analyzed by thermogravimetry. Summation of the calculated contribution of each component of the polymer solution mass loss curve yields a calculated TG curve. Subtraction of the calculated curve from the actual curve for the polyamic acid–metal ion solution results in a difference TG curve. From the difference TG curve information about polymer/additive interactions can be obtained.
Reduction of ground-based sensor sites for spatio-temporal analysis of aerosols

In many remote sensing applications it is important to use multiple sensors to be able to understand the major spatio-temporal distribution patterns of an observed phenomenon. A particular remote sensing application addressed in this study is estimation of an important property of atmosphere, called Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). Remote sensing data for AOD estimation are collected from ground and satellite-based sensors. Satellite-based measurements can be used as attributes for estimation of AOD and in this way could lead to better understanding of spatio-temporal aerosol patterns on a global scale. Ground-based AOD estimation is more accurate and is traditionally used as ground-truth information in validation of satellite-based AOD estimations. In contrast to this traditional role of ground-based sensors, a data mining approach allows more active use of ground-based measurements as labels in supervised learning of a regression model for AOD estimation from satellite measurements. Considering the high operational costs of ground-based sensors, we are studying a budget-cut scenario that requires a reduction in a number of ground-based sensors. To minimize loss of information, the objective is to retain sensors that are the most useful as a source of labeled data. The proposed goodness criterion for the selection is how close the accuracy of a regression model built on data from a reduced sensor set is to the accuracy of a model built of the entire set of sensors. We developed an iterative method that removes sensors one by one from locations where AOD can be predicted most accurately using training data from the remaining sites. Extensive experiments on two years of globally distributed AERONET ground-based sensor data provide strong evidence that sensors selected using the proposed algorithm are more informative than the competing approaches that select sensors at random or that select sensors based on spatial diversity.
DNA base sequence homology between coliphages T7 and øII and between T3 and øII as determined by heteroduplex mapping in the electron microscope

Abstract The genetic relatedness of the similar coliphages T7, T3 and oII was investigated by electron microscopic observations of the DNA heteroduplexes formed with one DNA strand from coliphage T7 (or T3) and the complementary strand from oII. The T7-oII heteroduplex is almost invariant with denaturing conditions, below the melting temperature of T7 DNA. This observation indicates that the DNAs of T7 and oII have regions of complete homology and regions of complete non-homology. In direct contrast, the T3-oII heteroduplex varies with denaturing conditions. The fraction of the T3-oII heteroduplex observed as double-stranded decreases with an increase in denaturing conditions below the melting temperature. This observation indicates that the DNAs of T3 and oII have extensive sequences of partial homology.
Development of an automated storage and retrieval system for manufacturing assembly lines

This paper describes the development considerations and logic of an automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS). The system is used as a material handling system for a class of manufacturing assembly lines. First defined is the manufacturing environment from which the design objective and constraints are derived. Queueing and simulation models are employed to identify the key performance parameters, to evaluate design alternatives, and to compare different dispatching rules. Both hardware and software design concept and parameters are briefly reviewed. A work-in-process management policy and a line design concept associated with AS/RS are introduced.
Innovation Implementation: Overcoming the Challenge

In changing work environments, innovation is imperative. Yet, many teams and organizations fail to realize the expected benefits of innovations that they adopt. A key reason is not innovation failure but implementation failure—the failure to gain targeted employees' skilled, consistent, and committed use of the innovation in question. We review research on the implementation process, outlining the reasons why implementation is so challenging for many teams and organizations. We then describe the organizational characteristics that together enhance the likelihood of successful implementation, including a strong, positive climate for implementation; management support for innovation implementation; financial resource availability; and a learning orientation.
Effects of trimming weight-for-height data on growth-chart percentiles

Background Before estimating smoothed percentiles of weight-for-height and BMI-for-age to construct the WHO growth charts, WHO excluded observations that were considered to represent unhealthy weights for height. Objective The objective was to estimate the effects of similar data trimming on empirical percentiles from the CDC growth-chart data set relative to the smoothed WHO percentiles for ages 24-59 mo. Design We used the nationally representative US weight and height data from 1971 to 1994, which was the source data for the 2000 CDC growth charts. Trimming cutoffs were calculated on the basis of weight-for-height for 9722 children aged 24-71 mo. Empirical percentiles for 7315 children aged 24-59 mo were compared with the corresponding smoothed WHO percentiles. Results Before trimming, the mean empirical percentiles for weight-for-height in the CDC data set were higher than the corresponding smoothed WHO percentiles. After trimming, the mean empirical 95th and 97th percentiles of weight-for-height were lower than the WHO percentiles, and the proportion of children in the CDC data set above the WHO 95th percentile decreased from 7% to 5%. The findings were similar for BMI-for-age. However, for weight-for-age, which had not been trimmed by the WHO, the empirical percentiles before trimming agreed closely with the upper percentiles from the WHO charts. Conclusion WHO data-trimming procedures may account for some of the differences between the WHO growth charts and the 2000 CDC growth charts.
Effect of dantrolene sodium on [3H]nitrendipine binding to rat cardiac plasma membranes.

Dantrolene sodium (Dantrium) has antiarrhythmic activity in addition to its direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant activity. Dantrolene sodium exerts its skeletal muscle relaxant action by reducing Ca2+ release for sarcoplasmic reticulum. The mechanism by which dantrolene sodium produces its antiarrhythmic effects is not well defined. The effects of dantrolene sodium on [3H]nitrendipine binding to rat cardiac plasma membranes were, therefore, investigated to determine whether the antiarrhythmic action involves an interaction with calcium channels. Whereas 1,4-dihydropyridines maximally inhibited [3H]nitrendipine binding with IC50 values less than 1 nM, verapamil and gallopamil (D 600) inhibited the binding not more than 70% with IC50 values at μM concentrations. Dantrolene sodium caused only minimal inhibition at concentrations up to 100 μM. Thus, the antiarrhythmic action of the drug probably involves a mechanism(s) other than an interaction with the nitrendipine binding site of the slow inward calcium channel.
Crust and upper-mantle velocity structure in the Appalachian orogenic belt: Implications for tectonic evolution

The crust and upper mantle structure of the northeastern United States (NEUS) was studied by combining teleseismic and regional body-wave observations with surface-wave dispersion measurements. The velocity models suggest that structures as much as 200 km deep and even deeper can be correlated with surficial geologic and tectonic features and that the Grenville and Appalachian orogenic belts show marked differences in crustal structure. This has the important implication that major orogenic belts have effects that reach well into the lithosphere and are stable for extended periods of time, perhaps as long as 1 b.y. Regional travel times recorded across the NEUS seismic network indicate that the northern Appalachians are characterized by a well-defined two-layer crust with a relatively high velocity lower layer. The crust of the Grenville Province in New York State is slightly thinner than that of the New England Appalachians, and it is vertically homogeneous, with nearly constant P and S velocities. Lateral variations in structure were studied using time-term analysis and teleseismic P-wave residuals. The suture between the Grenville and Appalachian Provinces in the northeastern United States probably occurs along a north-northeast-trending belt extending from northwestern Vermont to southwestern Connecticut. High crustal velocities and/or crustal thinning, a linear gravity high, a serpentinite belt, Precambrian uplifts, and the Taconic thrusts are found along much of this belt. Comparison of seismic velocities with resistivity measurements suggests that the lower crust of the Grenville Province may be composed of rocks with hydrous mineral phases, resulting in lowered velocities and a higher Poisson's ratio. Alternatively, the rocks of the lower crust beneath the Grenville Province may be similar to those found on the surface, while higher velocity mafic mineralogies are prevalent in the lower crust of the Appalachians. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the Grenville crust underwent substantial reactivation, thickened, and became vertically uniform during the Grenville orogeny. In contrast, the rocks of the Appalachian belt probably were associated with a cycle of oceanic opening and closure, which suggests an ensimatic origin of the lower crust in this region. Recent COCORP results indicate that the orogenic belt of the southern Appalachians is allochthonous and is underlain by a basal decollement that extends eastward to the coastal plain. However, contrasts in structural style and tectonic evolution between the northern and southern Appalachians suggest that it may not be possible to extrapolate the COCORP results to the northern Appalachians (north of about 41° latitude) and that the suture between the Grenville Province and the Appalachian orogenic belt in New England is located in the vicinity of, or just east of, the serpentinite belt.
Pediatric endourology techniques

Pediatric endourology techniques / , Pediatric endourology techniques / , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Proteomic analysis of rice endosperm cells in response to expression of hGM-CSF.

The accumulation of significant levels of transgenic products in plant cells is required not only for crop improvement, but also for molecular pharming. However, knowledge about the fate of transgenic products and endogenous proteins in grain cells is lacking. Here, we utilized a quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach for comparative analysis of expression profiles of transgenic rice endosperm cells in response to expression of a recombinant pharmaceutical protein, human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulation factor (hGM-CSF). This study provided the first available evidence concerning the fate of exogenous and endogenous proteins in grain cells. Among 1883 identified proteins with a false positive rate of 5%, 103 displayed significant changes (p-value < 0.05) between the transgenic and the wild-type endosperm cells. Notably, endogenous storage proteins and most carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins were down-regulated, while 26S proteasome-related proteins and chaperones were up-re...
Evaluation of the combined impacts of E-ZPass and time-of-day pricing on port authority of New York and New Jersey crossings

This paper explores the traffic impacts of E-ZPass usage and time-of-day pricing initiated on March 25, 2001, at the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) facilities. Trends in cash vs. E-ZPass usage suggest that after the time-of-day pricing initiative, deeper discount for electronic transactions, and expedited crossing at toll booths, resulted in overall higher usage of E-ZPass and reduced traffic during peak and shoulder periods. Passenger car traffic impact analysis shows that time-of-day pricing program has been successful in shifting car travel demand to earlier hours only on weekdays. On the other hand, even though PANYNJ time-of-day pricing program gives truckers an incentive to shift their travel periods, it is not the only factor affecting their travel pattern
Progress in standardization of fretting fatigue terminology and testing

This paper reviews the current ASTM, ISO, and other standards that pertain in part to fretting fatigue and fretting wear testing. A historical perspective gives some background on why there still are relatively few standards for fretting fatigue and fretting wear testing. Current standards on the books tend to be application specific. In the past few years, there have been some new activities in standardization. These developments along with future needs in standardization are discussed.
Dynamic Modeling Strategy for Flow Regime Transition in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows

In modeling gas-liquid two-phase flows, the concept of flow regimes has been widely used to characterize the global interfacial structure of the flows. Nearly all constitutive relations that provide closures to the interfacial transfers in two-phase flow models, such as the two-fluid model, are flow regime dependent. Current nuclear reactor safety analysis codes, such as RELAP5, classify flow regimes using flow regime maps or transition criteria that were developed for steady-state, fully-developed flows. As two-phase flows are dynamic in nature, it is important to model the flow regime transitions dynamically to more accurately predict the two-phase flows. The present work aims to develop a dynamic modeling strategy to determine flow regimes in gas-liquid two-phase flows through introduction of interfacial area transport equations (IATEs) within the framework of a two-fluid model. The IATE is a transport equation that models the interfacial area concentration by considering the creation of the interfacia...
Coherent Light Scattering in Percolative Metallodielectric Nanoshells

We present results from linear light scattering experiments using percolative silver nanoshells on dielectric silica cores. Combining scaling theory with core-shell Mie scattering formalism we obtain a new model for the observed signals
A Sensitive and Reproducible Assay for the Quantitation of the in Vitro Antibody Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells and the Effect of Thymocytes, Endotoxin, and Phytohemagglutinin on this Response

A new and sensitive assay procedure is described for the study of the in vitro production of antibody by lymphoid cells. The in vitro culture technique and the hemolysin assay procedure enable quantitation of the effects of various cell types, chemicals, hormones, or cell products on antibody stimulation. The method allows large numbers of variables to be assessed in replicate. The addition of either thymocytes or endotoxin is necessary to obtain maximum antibody production, whereas, only at high concentrations does PHA affect this response. In vitro antibody production by spleen cells is more dependent upon the visible condition of the donor animal's thymus than on the addition of special enhancing sera or serum fractions. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Long-Range Allosteric Communication in Muts and Homologs via Molecular Dynamics Simulations

MutS is the key enzyme involved in DNA mismatch repair that initially recognizes defective DNA and subsequently initiates repair by other enzymes. A key step in this process is communication from the DNA binding site to a distant ATPase domain and back to the DNA to signal the recognition of mismatched DNA and allow the repair by other enzymes. Because of the long-range nature of the communication, the allosteric mechanism in MutS has remained poorly understood. Here, an extensive set of molecular dynamics simulations of MutS with different nucleotides bound to the ATPase domains and of eukaryotic homologs of MutS are reanalyzed via dynamic network correlation analysis to determine likely pathways. We identified likely commmunication pathways and show that subtle changes in the ATPase sites as a result of different ligands can lead to dramatically shifted pathways in correlation with the proposed functional mechanism of MutS.
Designing Effective Speech-Language Interventions for Children in the Public Schools Leverage the Spacing Effect

In the U.S. public school system, more than 6 million children receive special education services, including many children with speech and language impairments. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) design and implement effective interventions—including how much intervention children receive—to circumvent the negative effects of speech-language impairments on educational outcomes. Existing policy and position statements suggest that increasing the number of sessions (frequency) and amount of intervention (dose) would improve children’s outcomes, assuming that greater treatment intensity is associated with better treatment outcomes. However, current empirical evidence, coupled with cognitive theory, suggests that more treatment may not relate to improved outcomes. The present article draws on current empirical studies and established cognitive theories of spacing effects (learning distributed over time) to propose a systematic way for SLPs to plan and implement an effective intensity of intervention for chil...
The possible role of the DNA content of spermatozoa for the activation process of the egg of the clam, Spisula solidissima.

1. Sperm nuclei within activated eggs of the clam, Spisula solidissima were found to contain a normal haploid amount of DNA while sperm nuclei in inactivated eggs of the same clam contain significantly lower amounts of DNA. 2. The DNA content of sperm nuclei within activated eggs increases to approximately the diploid amount during pronuclei formation whereas the DNA content of sperm nuclei in inactivated eggs does not show any increase. 3. The amount of DNA in spermatozoa in the testis of Spisula varies from one clam to another. Some clams have predominantly the normal haploid amount of DNA while others show significantly lower amounts of DNA in the spermatozoa in the testis. 4. The possible significance of the DNA content of spermatozoa for the activation process of the Spisula egg is discussed.
Pattern and Prognostic Implications of Cardiac Metastases Among Patients With Advanced Systemic Cancer Assessed With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is well validated for tissue characterization of cardiac masses but has not been applied to study pattern and prognostic implications of cardiac metastases (CMETs) among patients with systemic cancer. Methods and Results The population consisted of 60 patients with stage IV cancer (32 patients with CMETs, 28 diagnosis‐matched controls) undergoing CMR. CMET was defined as a discrete mass with vascular tissue properties on delayed enhancement CMR. CMET‐positive patients and controls had similar clinical characteristics, cardiac geometry, and function ( P =NS). Leading cancer types associated with CMET were sarcoma, melanoma, and gastrointestinal. Patients with CMETs had similar distribution of extracardiac metastatic disease compared with controls (organs involved: 3.4±2.0 versus 2.7±1.9, P =0.17). In 94% of patients with CMETs, there were metastases involving ≥1 extracardiac organ (66% lung involvement). CMET location varied (right ventricle 44%, right atrium 19%, left ventricle 28%, left atrium 9%, pericardial 25%); 22% of cases had multichamber involvement. Right‐sided chamber involvement was common in hematologic/lymphatic spread (67%); pericardial involvement was common with direct spread (64%). Regarding tissue properties on delayed enhancement CMR, CMETs commonly (59%) demonstrated heterogeneous enhancement (41% diffuse enhancement). Heterogeneous lesions were larger and had increased border irregularity ( P <0.05). Survival 6 months post‐CMR was numerically lower among patients with CMETs (56% [95% CI 39–74%]) versus stage IV cancer–matched controls (68% [95% CI 50–86%]), although differences between groups were nonsignificant ( P =0.42). Conclusions CMETs vary regarding etiology, location, and tissue properties on CMR, highlighting need for comprehensive surveillance of cardiac involvement regardless of cancer origin. Prognosis remains poor with for patients with CMETs, albeit similar to that for stage IV cancer controls matched for cancer etiology.
Monitoring results of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Baicheng in 2011

Objectives To analyze monitoring results of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Baicheng city in 2011.To understand the incidence and epidemiological features of epidemic hemorrhagic fever so as to provide basis for epidemic hemorrhagic fever control and prevention.Methods To carry out statistical analysis of the results of monthly and annual report on epidemic hemorrhagic fever in each monitoring points.Results There were 59 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever monitored,Taonan had 25 cases.34 cases were reported by responsible units of Baicheng,25 cases were reported by units of other places.Monitoring points in Taonan had monitored density of rat twice,once in spring and once in autumn,the density of rat in residential area had raised;density of rat in field had declined.Conclusion There has been a significant rise on epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Baicheng in 2011,mainly focused at Taobei distinct of Baicheng,sewer rat and Mongolian gerbil were host animals and main sourceS of infection of epidemchemorrhagic fever.
Blocking VEGF as a potential approach to improve cartilage healing after osteoarthritis.

angiogenesis. Therefore, in the current study, we used a gain- and loss-of-function approach based on tissue engineering techniques to assess the role of VEGF in MDSCmediated cartilage repair.
The ileal ureter in recurrent urolithiasis.

AbstractAn ileal segment was interposed between the renal collecting system and bladder in 4 cases. The surgical technique is outlined, with emphasis on the pyelo-infundibulocalico-ileal anastomosis and other technical aspects. The ileal ureter is recommended in selected cases of recurrent renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis with associated nephrolithiasis.
Neutrality of Instruments: Pollution, Protection and Efficiency of Policy

The impact of environmental management on international trade and the location of production, as outlined in Chapter 3 and 4, has been examined under the implicit assumption that the internalisation of environmental externalities and its impact on competitive relationships between nations proceeds without government interference. In other words, as processes and products are modified to meet collectively-established environmental norms, the costs are fundamentally reflected in product prices or factor returns, and the international competitive effects — both short and long term — are allowed to work themselves out via normal competitive relationships within the context of the market.
Stat: A Probabilistic Knowledge Based Induction Program for Building Expert Systems

This report describes the STAT computer program designed to induce classification rules from example cases. The purpose of this system is to automate the knowledge acquisition process for the construction of new expert systems. Two major features of STAT are its capability to induce classification trees from noisy data and the possibility to include domain relevant knowledge to guide the induction process in accordance with experts’ conceptualization of the domain.