cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Closed Range Property for \( \bar \partial \) on Domains with Pseudoconcave Boundary

In this paper we study the \( \bar \partial \)-equation on domains with pseudoconcave boundary. When the domain is the annulus between two pseudoconvex domains in ℂ n , we prove L 2 existence theorems for \( \bar \partial \) for any \( \bar \partial \) -closed (p, q)- form with 1 ≤ q < n−1. We also study the critical case when q = n−1 on the annulus? and show that the space of harmonic forms is infinite dimensional. Some recent results and open problems on pseudoconcave domains in complex projective spaces are also surveyed.
Achievement Goal Theory, Conceptualization of Ability/Intelligence, and Classroom Climate

In this chapter, we examine relations between achievement goal theory and student engagement. Achievement goal theorists generally examine two types of goals (mastery and performance goals), each of which has been conceptualized as having both approach and avoid components. After reviewing the history and development of achievement goal theory and describing the current four-factor model, we examine correlates of achievement goal orientations; these include students’ beliefs about intelligence, academic achievement, and engagement (cognitive, emotional, and behavioral). We then review research on classroom goal structures; we specifically examine how classroom contexts, as conceptualized through goal orientation theory, are related to student engagement. We also review instructional practices that are related to both mastery and performance goal structures and how those practices are related to academic achievement.
A MODIFIED GALERKIN SCHEME FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH NATURAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

As is well known, in general some kind of normalization conditions is needed in order to guarantee the uniquness of solutions to the boundary value problems for elliptic equations with natural boundary conditions. A prototype is the Neumann problem for the Laplace equation in a bounded domain. Here a simple normalization condition may be the vanishing integral of the solution over the domain. In the numerical implementation, these normalization conditions will cause inconvenience in choosing the appropriate approximate function spaces. In this paper, we propose a modified Galerkin scheme for treating such problems. By augmenting the system under consideration with suitable eigensolutions, we will show that standard finite elements are readily employed.
The erythrocyte: topomolecular anatomy of MN-glycoprotein

Publisher Summary Biological membranes represent thin sheets of aqueous discontinuity that provide a complex barrier to a variety of ionic and polar molecules. Lipids and proteins, in approximately equal proportions, form the bulk of the dry weight of most isolated membranes, such as red cell ghosts. Two key problems concerning membranes that are, as yet, only partially resolved are the precise organization of the lipids and proteins of biological molecules into aqueous barriers and the relationship of this organization to membrane function. This chapter provides an overview of the human erythrocyte membrane polypeptides. All the major polypeptide chains have been localized exclusively to the inside surface of the erythrocyte membrane with the exception of polypeptide III and MN-glycoprotein. The details of the topomolecular anatomic relationship of MN-glycoprotein with the membrane are better characterized than for any other membrane protein, integral or peripheral, including rhodopsin and cytochrome b 5 .
Electromagnetic Theory Calculations for Spheroids: An Accurate Study of the Particle Size Dependence of SERS and Hyper-Raman Enhancements

The electromagnetic contribution to the enhancements in Raman and hyper-Raman scattering from molecules adsorbed onto Ag, Cu and Au spheroids is studied, with an emphasis on the variation of the enhancements with spheroid size and shape. These calculations differ from several earlier spheroid model studies in that the effects of surface scattering on the particle dielectric constants, and of radiation damping and dynamic depolarization are included in the electrodynamic description. For particles between 1 and 100 nm in size, we show that our results reduce to the exact numerical results of Barber, Chang and Massoudi for the specific shapes which they studied. Our applications to Kaman enhancements on Ay, Cu and Au show that the optimum particle size is not strongly dependent on particle shape, with the optimum semi-major axis being 20–30 nm for Ag, 60–80 nm for Cu and 60–80 nm for Au, Optimum Raman enhancements for a/b = 0.5 are 104 for Ag. Hyper-Raman scattering shows significant enhancements for particle shapes where either the input or scattered photons have plasmon resonances, with the relative magnitudes of these resonant enhancements dependent on particle size.
Easton’s Model

In this section we will consider the question of alternatives to the GCH. If G: On → On we wish to know for what choices of G GCH G $$GC{H_G}(\forall \alpha )[{2^{\overline {{N_\alpha }} }} = {\aleph _{G(\alpha )}}]$$ will be consistent with the axioms of ZF + AC.
Influence of Lake Erie on a Lake Ontario Lake-Effect Snowstorm

AbstractAnnual lake-effect snowstorms, which develop through surface buoyant instability and upward moisture transport from the Laurentian Great Lakes, lead to important local increases in snowfall...
Overcoming the Impassable Gulf: Phenomenologizing Psychophysics

This paper examines Fechner’s (1859) introduction to experimental psychophysics from a phenomenological perspective. Horst’s (2005) analysis is used to demonstrate the phenomenology that is inherent to classical perceptual psychophysics (Fechner’s “outer” psychophysics). Horst argues that the psychophysical event of perception can only be understood as an intentional intertwining of subject and object. From this we move to physiological component of psychophysics—that is, the processes that mediate perceptual awareness (Fechner’s “inner” psychophysics). Drawing primarily on the work of Rosen (2008, 2015), it is argued the phenomenology provides the most appropriate approach for what could be understood as a contemporary psychophysics—one that borrows from recent trends in physics, neuro-physiology, and perception as classical psychophysics had done (or promised to do). This results in a psychiatric neurophenomenology. Examples of the placebo effect and treatment of traumatic brain injury are used to demonstrate the usefulness of a phenomenological psychophysics, one that ultimately meets the demands of Fechner’s original proposal.
Wave function of the Universe and CMB fluctuations

The Hartle-Hawking and tunneling (Vilenkin) wave functions are treated in the Hamiltonian formalism. We find that the leading (i.e., quadratic) terms in the fluctuations around a maximally symmetric background are indeed Gaussian (rather than inverse Gaussian), for both types of wave function, when properly interpreted. However, the suppression of non-Gaussianities---and hence the recovery of the Bunch-Davies state---is not transparent.
The Practice Gap: National Estimates of Screening and Counseling for Alcohol, Tobacco, and Obesity

Tobacco use, lack of physical activity and poor diet, and alcohol consumption are leading causes of death in the United States. We estimated screening and counseling rates by using a nationally representative sample of adults aged 35 years and older with a preventive care supplement to the 2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Receipt of the recommended level of services ranged from nearly two-thirds (64.2% for obesity, 61.9% for tobacco use) to less than one-half (41.0% for alcohol misuse). There is significant room for improving care delivery, but primary care practices probably also need additional resources to raise screening and counseling rates.
Approaches to Differential Diagnosis

Medical students should take an active approach to differential diagnosis, with hypothesis testing in real time as they perform the history and physical exam. In this chapter, a number of diagnostic theories and principles are discussed with case examples, including Occam’s Razor, Hickam’s Dictum, the Law of Sigma, the post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy, and heuristics. Causes of diagnostic error and bias are reviewed, with cases that illustrate premature closure, anchoring bias, and the framing effect. For medical students, the key findings approach is a simple, stepwise process that leads to a prioritized differential diagnosis and a rational testing strategy. In complex cases, using the key findings approach to create a diagnostic table can be helpful, as shown in the case of a patient with migratory polyarthritis and fever. Diagnosis is probabilistic, absolute certainty is rare, and students must learn to rank the probabilities and come up with a treatment plan based on the best available evidence.
Hyperfiltration: Much Ado about Nothing?

Hyperfiltration, traditionally defined as a supraphysiologic elevation in GFR, has been implicated in kidney disease pathogenesis since 1931. Then, Jolliffe and Smith ([1][1]) demonstrated that dogs maintained on a pure beef diet had substantial increases in their creatinine clearances, consistent
FireCaffe: Near-Linear Acceleration of Deep Neural Network Training on Compute Clusters

Long training times for high-accuracy deep neural networks (DNNs) impede research into new DNN architectures and slow the development of high-accuracy DNNs. In this paper we present FireCaffe, which successfully scales deep neural network training across a cluster of GPUs. We also present a number of best practices to aid in comparing advancements in methods for scaling and accelerating the training of deep neural networks. The speed and scalability of distributed algorithms is almost always limited by the overhead of communicating between servers, DNN training is not an exception to this rule. Therefore, the key consideration here is to reduce communication overhead wherever possible, while not degrading the accuracy of the DNN models that we train. Our approach has three key pillars. First, we select network hardware that achieves high bandwidth between GPU servers – Infiniband or Cray interconnects are ideal for this. Second, we consider a number of communication algorithms, and we find that reduction trees are more efficient and scalable than the traditional parameter server approach. Third, we optionally increase the batch size to reduce the total quantity of communication during DNN training, and we identify hyperparameters that allow us to reproduce the small-batch accuracy while training with large batch sizes. When training GoogLeNet and Network-in-Network on ImageNet, we achieve a 47x and 39x speedup, respectively, when training on a cluster of 128 GPUs.
Helicopter Parenting and College Students’ Psychological Maladjustment: The Role of Self-control and Living Arrangement

Previous studies suggested that helicopter parenting was associated with college students’ psychological maladjustment. The mechanisms and circumstances explaining such an association, however, were less studied. In the present study, we aimed to extend the current research to investigate how and under what condition helicopter parenting was related to college students’ psychological maladjustment by examining a potential mediator—self-control, and a contextual moderator—living arrangement. This study used a sample of 432 emerging adult college students from two large southern universities in the U.S. Participants reported their parents’ helicopter parenting, their own self-control, symptoms of depression and anxiety, life satisfaction, and demographics (e.g., living arrangement). Findings from structural equation modeling suggested that (1) self-control mediated the association between perceived helicopter parenting and college students’ psychological maladjustment including symptoms of depression and anxiety and low life satisfaction; and (2) living arrangement moderated this association such that the association between perceived helicopter parenting and college students’ psychological maladjustment was stronger among college students who were living with their parents than among those living away from their parents. The findings suggested that helicopter parenting could affect college students’ psychological maladjustment through lower levels of self-control. The effect of helicopter parenting on psychological maladjustment could be more salient among students living with their parents as compared to those living away from their parents.
On the impedance response of interdigitated electrodes

Abstract Finite-element impedance simulations were used to provide a relationship between the characteristic dimension and the physical dimensions of the interdigitated electrodes. Inclusion of electric and displacement currents allowed simulation of the capacitive loop associated with the geometric capacitance. An error analysis was used to quantify the influence of mesh and domain sizes on the numerical accuracy of the simulations. The interdigitated electrode geometry is shown to induce a frequency dispersion, dependent on electrode digit width, height, and separation, that can be characterized in terms of a complex ohmic impedance with real asymptotic limits for ohmic resistance at high and low frequencies. Characteristic dimensions, calculated from the primary ohmic resistance, the geometric capacitance, and the high-frequency ohmic resistance were in agreement for all geometries considered. The characteristic dimension calculated from the low-frequency ohmic resistance deviated under conditions that led to frequency dispersion. The Havriliak-Negami equation is shown to provide a good representation of the complex ohmic impedance. The present work is applicable to the analysis and interpretation of experimental data obtained using interdigitated electrodes.
Treatment with pembrolizumab after hypersensitivity reaction to nivolumab in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose The options for immunotherapy treatment are limited for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this case study, we report a case of successful alternation of one PD-1 inhibitor for another after a hypersensitivity reaction. Summary Nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol-Myers Squibb) has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for a variety of malignancies, including a recent approval for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Infusion-related reactions occur in less than 1% of patients, and although such reactions are rare, recognition of infusion-related reactions induced by nivolumab is an important aspect of its usage. The PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor pembrolizumab is also FDA approved for subsequent-line therapy in treatment of HCC. Thus far, approximately 0.2% of patients experienced severe infusion-related reaction in studies using pembrolizumab. A 70-year-old male with HCC had an infusion reaction to nivolumab that presented as facial flushing, dyspnea, and back pain. The patient received prompt administration of diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone, which led to the amelioration of symptoms and allowed the patient to complete his immunotherapy treatment. For the third dose of nivolumab, the patient received premedications prior to treatment, including diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone, and famotidine. During his infusion, the patient experienced facial flushing, coughing, chest tightness, and an itchy throat. The patient again received diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone to treat infusion-related symptoms and his therapy was discontinued. Because of the nivolumab infusion-related reaction, nivolumab was discontinued, and the patient was started on pembrolizumab. The patient tolerated pembrolizumab without any subsequent infusion-related reactions. Prompt recognition and attention to immunotherapy infusion-related reactions could potentially prevent the fatal complication of anaphylaxis with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this report, we describe the successful transition from one anti-PD-1 therapy to another for continued immunotherapy treatment without any subsequent infusion reactions. Conclusion A patient with HCC was successfully treated with pembrolizumab after experiencing adverse effects with nivolumab.
Separation Science Applied to Analyses on Biological Samples

The historical development, present ‘state-of-the-art’ and future projections of separation science in the analytical context are presented, using specific examples to illustrate various aspects. Despite notable advances in the separation technology that must precede the application of a specific measurement procedure and I or detection device, many problems and difficulties remain. The difficulties are compounded by the development of instrumentation often presenting an apparently high degree of automation but possibly with unsuspected jeopardy to the reliability of analytical results.
Thirty-Day Readmissions After Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States: Insights From the Nationwide Readmissions Database

Abstract Background Several studies have investigated early readmissions after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs). However, studies investigating 30-day readmission following PCI for chronic total occlusion (CTO) are lacking. Methods The National-Readmission-Database (NRD) was queried to identify patients undergoing elective CTO PCI between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016. We assessed the incidence, predictors, and cost of 30-day readmissions. Results A total of 30,579 CTO PCIs were identified in the NRD. After excluding patients who had acute myocardial infarction (n = 14,852), the final cohort included 15,907 patients. In this group of patients, 254 patients (1.5%) expired during their index admission and, 1600 patients (10%) had an unplanned readmission within 30 days. Cardiac causes constituted 54.2% of all causes of readmission. During the readmission, 15.8% of patients had coronary angiography , 8.4% underwent PCI, and 0.9% underwent bypass grafting. Independent predictors of 30-day readmission included baseline characteristics [age (OR 0.99, 95%CI 0.98–0.99), female (OR 1.14, 95%CI 1.01–1.28), lung disease (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.20–1.55), heart failure (OR 1.42, 95%CI 1.24–1.62), anemia (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.12–1.50), vascular disease (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.03–1.35), history of stroke (OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.28–1.76) and the presence of a defibrillator (OR 1.68, 95%CI 1.39–2.03)], and procedural complications [acute kidney injury (OR 1.55, 95%CI 1.33–1.80) and gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 1.67, 95%CI 1.03–2.71)]. Conclusions One-tenth of patients undergoing CTO PCI are readmitted within 30-days, mostly for cardiac causes. The majority undergo angiography but revascularization . Certain patient and procedural characteristics independently predicted 30-day readmission.
Blow your mind! Shards hailing, on superfluous violence to stop surviving

David Buckel set himself on fire to publicly stage the horrors of climate change, Delores “Lolita” Lebron performed a sensational act in the US congress hall, hailing bullets while calling out: iViva Puerto Rico Libre! When do we recognize violence as violence? When is the absence of a counter-attack a form of compliance? Do the desires of activists need an expression of violence to establish an ‘otherwise’ that’s carefully repressed? In “Blow your mind! Shards hailing, on superfluous violence to stop surviving” various instances of violence weave together, obscuring the difference between theatre, terrorism, assault and sensational act. The end of the world is a future for those who have been living like survivors. To explore the potential of violence as resistance, the author proposes to fight as an armless aimless army of vulnerables. ‘Violence happens upon you. But that’s not really true for everyone. As a white cis-woman with passport privilege, I can say I’m interested in violence. Interested in, interested in. Violence doesn’t surround me. It may happen to me, but I would perceive it as an extraordinary event, a happening. I approach violence. I approach, I approach – there’s enough comfortable distance to repeat my sentence and imagine it echoing.’
The Illusory Promise of Stakeholder Governance

To address growing concerns about the negative effects of corporations on their stakeholders, supporters of stakeholder governance (“stakeholderism”) advocate a governance model that encourages and relies on corporate leaders to serve the interests of stakeholders and not only those of shareholders. We conduct a conceptual, economic, and empirical analysis of stakeholderism and its expected consequences. Stakeholderism, we conclude, is an inadequate and substantially counterproductive approach to addressing stakeholder concerns. To assess the promise of stakeholderism to protect stakeholders, we analyze the full array of incentives facing corporate leaders; empirically investigate whether they have in the past used discretion to protect stakeholders; and show that recent commitments to stakeholderism were mostly for show rather than a reflection of plans to improve the treatment of stakeholders. Our analysis indicates that, because corporate leaders have strong incentives not to protect stakeholders beyond what would serve shareholder value, acceptance of stakeholderism should not be expected to produce material benefits for stakeholders. Furthermore, we show that acceptance of stakeholderism could well impose major costs. By making corporate leaders less accountable and more insulated from shareholder oversight, acceptance of stakeholderism would increase slack and hurt performance, reducing the economic pie available to shareholders and stakeholders. In addition, and importantly, by raising illusory hopes that corporate leaders would on their own protect stakeholders, acceptance of stakeholderism would impede or delay reforms that could bring real, meaningful protection to stakeholders. The illusory promise of stakeholderism should not be allowed to advance a managerialist agenda and to obscure the critical need for external interventions to protect stakeholders via legislation, regulation, and policy design. Stakeholderism should be rejected, including and especially by those who take stakeholder interests seriously. Presentation slides for this paper are available on SSRN here. This paper is part of a larger research project of the Harvard Law School Corporate Governance on stakeholder capitalism and stakeholderism. Other parts of this research project include For Whom Corporate Leaders Bargain by Lucian A. Bebchuk, Kobi Kastiel, and Roberto Tallarita and Will Corporations Deliver Value to All Stakeholders?, by Lucian A. Bebchuk and Roberto Tallarita.
Associations between Recent and Cumulative Cannabis Use and Internalizing Problems in Boys from Adolescence to Young Adulthood

This study tested whether increases in recent and cumulative cannabis use were each associated with increases in internalizing problems from adolescence to young adulthood. Participants were boys from a community sample that was assessed annually from ~age 15–26 (N = 506). Boys reported on their cannabis use, depression symptoms, and anxiety/depression problems each year. Exposures were frequency of cannabis use in a given year (no use, < weekly use, weekly or more frequent use) and cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use. Outcomes were depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems in a given year. Analyses examined within-person associations between changes in exposures and outcomes over time, which eliminated “fixed” (unchanging) individual differences as potential confounds. Analyses also accounted for time-varying factors as potential confounds (other substance use, externalizing problems, subclinical psychotic symptoms). Results showed that increases in recent cannabis use and cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use were each associated with increases in depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems. After controlling for time-varying covariates, increases in cumulative prior years of weekly cannabis use, but not recent cannabis use, remained associated with increases in depression symptoms and anxiety/depression problems. Specifically, each additional year of prior weekly cannabis use was associated with a small increase in depression symptoms (b = 0.012, p = .005) and anxiety/depression problems (b = 0.009, p = .001). Associations did not vary systematically across time. There was also no evidence of reverse causation. As boys engaged in weekly cannabis use for more years, they showed increases in internalizing problems, suggesting the importance of preventing chronic weekly cannabis use.
Chapter 11 – Germination Ecology of Plants with Specialized Life Cycles and/or Habitats

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the kinds of dormancy found in freshly matured seeds in each of the seven groups of plants. It discusses the available data on the environmental conditions required to break dormancy and stimulate germination. It also illustrates that parasites are organisms that obtain nutrients from another organism, called the host. However, parasitic flowering plants are divided into two groups such as holoparasites and hemiparasites. Holoparasites lack chlorophyll and receive fixed carbon, water, and minerals from the host plant, whereas, hemiparasites have chlorophyll and can fix carbon, but obtain water and minerals from the host. Little is known about the germination of seeds of mycoheterotrophs with the Pyroloid form of parasitism, except that seeds of Monotropa hypopithys that do not germinate unless the appropriate symbiont is present. As the number of seeds produced by parasitic plants increases, the possibility that some of them will reach a suitable host is enhanced. Physical dormancy is not known to occur in orchid seeds, and seeds of many species have been observed to imbibe water when placed on a moist substrate.
Physical Therapy Management of Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome From Birth to 3 Years.

PURPOSE To investigate Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome (WSS), its correlation to hypotonia and developmental delay, and to determine the relative intervention strategies that may be useful during early intervention from birth to 3 years. METHODS A literature search using PEDro and PubMed was conducted using key words "Wiedemann-Steiner syndrome," "hypotonia," and "developmental delay" and a case study is presented. RESULTS A 36-month-old child with WSS received PT intervention beginning at 2 months old. Addition of orthotics and treadmill walking was added at 13 and 19 months, respectively. The child progressed through developmental sequences from rolling, sitting, standing, and walking although consistently scored with motor delay of -2 SD. CONCLUSIONS Fifty-seven percent of children diagnosed with WSS have hypotonia, and 90% have developmental delay. The diagnosis of WSS should require physical therapy services through early intervention programs due to its high correlation with motor developmental delay and disability. Determination of progress should be measured with achievement of function rather than norm-referenced outcome measures.Video Abstract: For more insights from the authors, access Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/PPT/A292.
“The remainder of your practicum training has been terminated”: a unique challenge faced by trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic

The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has posed many unprecedented challenges to psychotherapists, as many clinics swiftly moved to providing services remotely or needed to close temporarily. While s...
Desargues and Involution

Girard Desargues (1591–1661) is one of the most intriguing figures in the history of mathematics. He wrote a profound and bold booklet on conic sections, in 1639, which might have created projective geometry nearly two centuries before its actual birth. That work was Brouillon project d’une atteinte aux evenements des rencontres d’un cone avec un plan, or A Sketch of a Study of Sections of a Cone by a Plane. Except the work was lost until La Hire’s transcription was found about 1845. Even so, Poncelet knew about involution, an invention of Desargues, when he wrote his 1822 Traite; the Brouillon project had disappeared but letters written in the vitriolic controversary about the work had survived.
The role of libraries in misinformation programming: A research agenda

Misinformation, or fake news, has exploded across social media platforms and communities over the past few years, with serious social and political implications. Many library practitioners and orga...
A near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a hemicyanine dye with an oxazolidine switch for mitochondrial pH detection

A near-infrared fluorescent probe (AH+) has been prepared by incorporating an oxazolidine switch into a near-infrared hemicyanine dye. The probe shows fast and sensitive responses to pH from an oxazolidine switch to the hemicyanine dye upon pH decreases from 10.0 to 5.0. The probe shows good photostability, low cytotoxicity, and reversible fluorescence responses to pH changes with a pKa value of 7.6. It has been successfully used to determine pH changes in mitochondria.
Evaluating a Simple Approach to Identify Adults Meeting the 2018 AHA/ACC Cholesterol Guideline Definition of Very High Risk for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

The 2018 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) cholesterol guideline defines very high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk as a history of ≥ 2 major ASCVD events or 1 major ASCVD event and multiple high-risk conditions. We tested if a simplified approach, having a history of a major ASCVD event, would identify a high proportion of patients that meet the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline criteria for very high risk. We analyzed data from US adults with health insurance in the MarketScan database who had experienced an acute coronary syndrome in the past year (recent ACS, n = 3626), a myocardial infarction (MI) other than a recent ACS (n = 7572), an ischemic stroke (n = 3551), or symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD, n = 5919). Patients were followed from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2017, for recurrent ASCVD events. Among 16,344 patients with a history of a major ASCVD event, 94.0% met the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline definition for very high risk including 92.9%, 96.5%, 93.1%, and 96.2% with a recent ACS, history of MI, history of stroke, and symptomatic PAD, respectively. The incidence of ASCVD events per 1000 person-years was 50.4 (95% CI: 47.6–53.3) among all patients with a history of a major ASCVD event versus 53.1 (95% CI: 50.1–56.1) among patients who met the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline definition of very high risk. The vast majority of patients with a recent ACS, history of MI, ischemic stroke, or symptomatic PAD meet the 2018 AHA/ACC cholesterol guideline definition of very high risk.
Impact of holding home stimulant(s) on agitation in a child and adolescent inpatient psychiatric population.

Introduction This study aimed to compare the rates of agitation-related interventions associated with initial holding versus continuation of home stimulant(s) in a child and adolescent population at the time of admission to an inpatient psychiatric facility. Methods This retrospective chart review included patients less than 18 years of age who were admitted to an academic medical center between July 1, 2017, and July 1, 2018. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those continued on their home stimulant(s) and those who had them held. We compared both groups on agitation-related outcomes by examining the difference in the number of level I or II events or as-needed medication administrations. Mechanical restraints and closed-door seclusions were grouped as level I events, and level II events consisted of nonmechanical restraint. Results The analysis included 169 patients. In total, 126 (75%) patients were continued on their home stimulant, and 43 (25%) had them held. The occurrence of the composite endpoint of level I or II events or as-needed intramuscular medication administration was numerically higher in the group that had their home stimulant held (27.9% vs 23%; P = .52). Level I events were also numerically higher but not statistically significant in the group that had their home stimulant held (16.3% vs 11.9%; P = .46). Discussion The composite outcome of as-needed intramuscular medication administration and level I or II events was numerically higher in the group that had their home stimulant held. Use of a larger sample size and adjusted analyses may help elucidate covariates that impact agitation-related outcomes.
Functional characterization of an unobtrusive protein, CkMT4, in re-establishing desiccation tolerance in germinating seeds

Desiccation tolerance (DT) is gradually lost during seed germination, while it can be re-established by pre-treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and/or abscisic acid (ABA). Increasing knowledge is available on several stress-related proteins in DT re-establishment in herb seeds, but limited information exists on novel proteins in wood seeds. This study aimed to investigate the role of metallothionein CkMT4, a protein species with the highest fold increase in abundance in Caragana korshinskii seeds on PEG treatment. The fluctuation in mRNA levels of CkMT4 during seed development was consistent with the changes in DT, and the expression of CkMT4 could be up-regulated by ABA. Besides metal-binding capacity, CkMT4 might supply Cu2+/Zn2+ to superoxide dismutase (SOD) under high redox potential provided by PEG treatment for excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. The overexpression of CkMT4 in yeast results in enhanced oxidation resistance. Experimentally, this study demonstrated the overexpression of CkMT4 in Arabidopsis seeds benefited the re-establishment of DT and enhanced the activity of SOD. On the whole, these findings suggested that CkMT4 facilitated the re-establishment of DT in C. korshinskii seeds mainly through diminishing excess ROS, which put the mechanism underlying the re-establishment of DT in xerophytic wood seeds into a new perspective.
Resolution of Radiation-Induced Necrosis in Arteriovenous Malformation with Bevacizumab: A Case Report and Review of Current Literature

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a proven treatment modality for inoperable arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, the rate of radiation-induced necrosis (RIN) is as high as 10%. A 6-year-old female patient presented with severe headache, emesis, and syncope, and workup revealed a Spetzler-Martin grade 4 AVM with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. The patient underwent a right frontal ventriculostomy followed by a linear accelerator-based SRS of 16.9 Gy. At 19 years, she developed progressive neurological symptoms. Diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a recurrent parietal AVM nidus. We delivered the linear accelerator-based SRS of 18.5 Gy to the AVM nidus. Within 9 months, she experienced episodic headaches and left-sided weakness and spasticity; symptoms were initially managed with dexamethasone. Follow-up MRI was notable for edema and nondetectable blood flow, consistent with RIN and AVM obliteration. The second course of steroids did not provide the symptom control. Persistent RIN was noted on MRI, and she had stigmata of steroid toxicity (centripetal obesity, depression, and sleep disorder). Two infusions of bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) were administered concurrently with a tapering dose of dexamethasone. The patient noted a near immediate improvement in her headaches, and 2 months following the second bevacizumab infusion, she reported a near-complete resolution of her symptoms and displayed improved ambulation. The development of RIN remains a noteworthy concern post-SRS of AVMs. While steroids aid with initial management of RIN, for persistent and recurrent symptoms, bevacizumab infusions serve as a viable treatment course, with the added benefit of reducing the likelihood of adverse effects resulting from prolonged steroid therapy.
Using four decades of FDA orphan drug designations to describe trends in rare disease drug development: substantial growth seen in development of drugs for rare oncologic, neurologic, and pediatric-onset diseases.

Background Orphan drug designations are a useful proxy to investigate trends in rare disease drug development. Drug developers must receive a designation before they are eligible for the economic incentives of the Orphan Drug Act in the United States. We created a database of all orphan drugs designated between 1983 and 2019 that included numerous drug characteristics, including therapeutic area. In addition, we constructed a "broad disease" categorization of designations as an alternative to therapeutic area, based on disease etiology and age of onset rather than organ system. By looking at the pattern of orphan drug designations over the past four decades, this analysis studied the impact of the evolving rare disease drug development landscape and considers the future of rare disease therapies over the coming decades. Results Between 1983 and 2019, a total of 5099 drugs and biologics received orphan drug designation. Designations more than doubled between the 1980s and 1990s, almost doubled between the 1990s and 2000s, and almost tripled in number between the 2000s and 2010s. The top three therapeutic areas represented in the orphan drug designations were: oncology (1910, 37%), neurology (674, 13%), and infectious diseases (436, 9%). The broad disease categorization found that the proportion of designations for pediatric-onset diseases has increased in the most recent decade to 27%. Conclusions Analysis of the last four decades of orphan drug designation indicates seismic shifts have occurred in the rare disease drug development space. The number of designations granted more than quadrupled between the 1990s and 2010s. While these substantial increases led to growth in the absolute number of designations within all therapeutic areas (bar one) and broad disease categories, the relative proportions have seen considerable change over time. In the most recent decade, there have been notable increases in the proportion of drugs in oncology, pediatric-onset diseases, and neurologic disorders. The dramatic rise in overall orphan designations over the past four decades suggests we may continue to see an upward trajectory in designations leading to an increased number of approvals for drugs and biologics designed specifically for diagnosing, preventing, and treating rare diseases in the coming decades.
Uncertainty in Faith, Fear of Death? Transitions in Religious Doubt and Death Anxiety in Later Life.

While religiosity is usually associated with lower death anxiety, holding doubts about one’s faith are associated with higher death anxiety. Using longitudinal data from the Religion, Aging, and He...
The Behavioral Effects of Competition Intensity and Cost Structure on Competing Suppliers: An Experimental Study in the Context of the USA

This research investigates how competition intensity and differences in cost structures affect decisions made by competing suppliers and the role that behavioral factors play as influences. We use controlled laboratory experiments to study the scenario of suppliers competing for a share of demand being outsourced by a single buyer. The buyer seeks to maximize the service level provided by suppliers by allocating based on different performance measures which create varying levels of competition intensity. The experimental treatments include those performance measures as well as differences in supplier cost structures. Our experimental results show that in the majority of cases suppliers’ decisions do not confirm theoretical predictions from the Nash equilibrium, and we find patterns in those deviations. To explain them, we first evaluate behavioral factors found in the literature including bounded rationality, learning, and other-regarding behavior. We then introduce a new behavioral factor, rival-chasing. Rival-chasing builds on other-regarding behavior by considering competitors’ actions in addition to their outcomes. We find that rival-chasing can explain patterns in suppliers’ behavior that cannot be explained by other behavioral factors.
A Visualization Study on Visual Analysis to Explore the Organizational Structure of the Group Within a Factory

We conducted visual analytics to find out the organizational structure of the group within Kasios Factory. Given nine large scale datasets on communication and purchase information between employees, we utilized Tableau visualization toolset to determine company growth and potiental suspicious employees. Additionaly, we created communication network graphs in R to present interactions between those suspicious employees.
In Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Zr-Based Amorphous Composite by Laser Direct Deposition

Zr-based bulk metallic glasses have attracted extensive interest for structural applications due to their excellent glass-forming ability, superior mechanical properties, and unique thermal and corrosion properties. In this study, Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15 amorphous composites with a large fraction of amorphous phase were in situ synthesized by laser direct deposition. X-ray diffraction confirmed the existence of both amorphous and crystalline phases. Laser parameters were optimized in order to increase the fraction of amorphous phase. The microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed the deposited structure was composed of periodically repeated amorphous and crystalline phases. Overlapping regions with nanoparticles aggregated were crystallized by laser reheating and remelting processes during subsequent laser scans. Vickers microhardness of the amorphous region showed around 35 pct higher than that of crystalline region. Average hardness obtained by a Rockwell macrohardness tester was very close to the microhardness of the amorphous region. The compression test showed that the fracture strain of Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15 amorphous composites was enhanced from less than 2 pct to as high as 5.7 pct, compared with fully amorphous metallic glass. Differential scanning calorimetry test results further revealed the amorphous structure and glass transition temperature T g was observed to be around 660 K (387 °C). In 3 mol/L NaCl solution, laser direct deposited amorphous composites exhibited distinctly improved corrosion resistance, compared with fully crystallized samples.
Analysis of Recombinative Algorithms on a Non-Separable Building-Block Problem

Our analysis seeks to exemplify the utility of crossover by studying a nonseparable building-block problem that is as easy as possible under recombination but very hard for any kind of mutation-based algorithm. The interdependent fitness contributions of blocks in this problem produce a search space that has an exponential number of local optima for a mutation-only algorithm. In contrast, the problem has no local optima for a recombinative algorithm - that is, there is always a path of monotonically increasing fitness leading to the global optimum. We give an upper bound on the expected time for a recombinative algorithm to solve this problem by proving the existence of a path to the solution and calculating the time for each step on this path. Ordinarily, such a straightforward approach would be defeated because both the existence of a path, and the time for a step, are dependent on the state of the population when using recombination. However, to calculate an upper bound on the expected time it is sufficient to know certain properties, or invariants, of the population rather than its exact state. Our initial proofs utilise a 'recombinative hill-climber', which applies crossover repeatedly to just two strings, for this purpose. Though our analysis does not transfer directly to a GA with a full population, a solution time based on the assumption that the population has the necessary invariant properties agrees with empirical results.
Abstract 43: Increased Activation of Inflammatory Genes in Monocytes of Healthy People with Ischemic White Matter Disease

Introduction: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI represent small vessel ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Greater WMH burden is associated with higher levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines in persons > 65 years with dementia, suggesting a pro-inflammatory vascular process. We hypothesized that middle-aged, asymptomatic, apparently healthy high risk people with high WMH burden would demonstrate increased inflammatory gene expression in monocytes analyzed with microarray. Methods: Subjects (N=70) were identified from a larger MRI study in 593 healthy family members of persons with early-onset CAD (< 60 years). We obtained monocytes and examined gene expression in all subjects (mean age 58.1 ± 10 years, range 30-73; 55% female; 36% African American). These included 35 subjects with the greatest WMH burden using volumetric methods in the larger study, and 35 unrelated age-sex-race matched controls with the lowest WMH burden. Monocyte mRNA was analyzed on Illumina Human HT12 v4 microarrays. We performed unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) followed by ANOVA between high and low WMH groups. Genes with 2 SD differences in expression between groups were included for Gene Ontology permutation analysis using 1000 permutations within “GoMiner”. Only genes with the lowest false discovery rate (FDR) were summarized. Results: PCA identified no significant clustering. A total of 1,315 genes were included in gene ontology analysis and resulted in 10 ontological categories with an FDR<0.01%. This included 164 genes all showing greater expression in the high WMH group. These were key inflammatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), toll like receptor 5 and 7 (TLR5, TLR7) and integrin alpha 5 and M (ITGA5, ITGAM). Conclusions: Gene microarray ontological analysis of monocytes in healthy middle aged high risk people with greater WMH burden shows increased activation of genes of known innate inflammatory pathways. These findings likely reflect greater pro-inflammatory processes in persons with greater WMH, consistent with the presence of inflammation-mediated occult small vessel cerebrovascular disease in a healthy middle-aged population at increased risk for vascular diseases.
Active and Adaptive Dive Planning for Dense Bathymetric Mapping

We examine the problem of planning dives for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to generate a dense bathymetric map using sidescan sonar. The three key challenges in this scenario are (1) proper modeling of the local uncertainty of the 3D reconstruction, (2) efficient dive planning to reduce this uncertainty, and (3) determination of when to re-plan adaptively based on new information. To address these challenges, we propose using non-parametric Bayesian regression to model the expected accuracy of the map, which provides principled cost functions for planning subsequent dives. In addition, we propose an efficient greedy method to reduce this uncertainty, and we show that it achieves theoretically bounded performance given assumptions on the sensor model and the form of the uncertainty function. We present experiments on the propeller-driven YSI EcoMapper AUV equipped with a sidescan sonar in an inland lake. The experiments demonstrate the benefit of efficient dive planning, with our results providing performance gains of up to 83% versus standard lawnmower patterns.