cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Cozen's Phenomenon of the Proximal Tibia.

BACKGROUND There has been little investigation into the epidemiology of Cozen's phenomenon, genu valgum as a complication of proximal tibial metaphysis fractures. In this study, we present a large case series of proximal tibia fractures in children to describe the prevalence, epidemiology, and characteristics associated with Cozen's phenomenon following proximal tibial fracture in children. METHODS We searched the orthopedic database at our institution for all patients aged 1 to 8 years old with proximal tibia fractures presenting for initial fracture management between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2017. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, fracture characteristics, and the presence of a concurrent fibula fracture were determined from the medical records. Initial and follow-up valgus angulation was measured as the angle between a line perpendicular to the proximal tibial physis and a line drawn along the axis of the tibia. Differences in the rate of valgus angulation by mechanism of injury and fracture type were compared. RESULTS In total, 181 fractures in 181 patients were included in our study (98 male, 83 female). The average age at injury was 4.55 years (range, 1.02 to 7.95 y); 140 patients (77.3%, 140/181) had initial valgus angulation of <4 degrees; 20 of these patients (14.3%, 20/140) developed angulation of at least 4 degrees at some point during follow-up at an average of 0.8 months (range, 0.2 to 1.9 mo); 4 patients (20.0%, 4/20) with <4 degrees of initial angulation had persistent valgus angulation of 5 degrees at latest follow-up. Two of these patients were not scheduled to return because the provider did not determine the valgus angulation to be clinically meaningful. The 2 other patients were asymptomatic and continued to receive nonoperative management. No patients in our series required surgical correction of valgus deformity. CONCLUSIONS Cozen's phenomenon is an uncommon complication of proximal tibial metaphysis fractures. Eliminating unnecessary radiographs and clinical visits for our pediatric trauma patients will improve the quality and value of care delivery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
Integrated Urban Mobility

Habitually, urban mobility involves movement of inhabitants within or among urban areas. As cities continue to grow across the world, the resulting unregulated urban sprawl is associated with numerous adverse consequences. If these growing sub-urban areas and city cores are not adequately and efficiently interconnected by different modes of mass rapid transit systems (MRTS) from origin to destination for last mile connectivity, inhabitants continue to commute fittingly by private modes on consistent basis for their daily activities. This aspect thrusts high level of congestion and increases the commuting cost, collectively contributing to the degradation of urban environment and subsequently low quality of urban living often disengaging the city from its inhabitants. Additionally, with the surge in socio-economic profile of urban areas coupled with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) enabled provision of urban services, the conventional notion of urban mobility is altering swiftly. The MRTS needs to develop inventive structure for the planning, designing as well as implementing mechanisms to offer widely accessible (spatially, socially, all age groups and gender types) choices for sustained urban mobility while gradually unfolding the city to its hurried inhabitants at all the possible levels and scales. In this context, this paper attempts to and assess the current status of MRTS in the provision of last mile connectivity through the case study of Bangalore metropolitan city in India. The analysis intends to articulate the rational configurations for achieving efficient and inclusive urban mobility.
The Viral Oncoprotein vFLIP Encoded by KSHV/HHV-8 Is Responsible for the Unique Transcriptional Signature and Phenotypic Features of Primary Effusion Lymphoma

Abstract 900 Background: Primary effusion lymphomas (PELs) are caused by the Kaposi9s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also called human herpesvirus 8, HHV-8). PELs have a distinctive immunophenotype, lacking expression of most B cell antigens. In addition, PELs have a very distinct gene expression signature when compared to that of other lymphoma subtypes. While KSHV encodes almost 100 proteins, only a handful is expressed in latently infected PEL cells. One of these is vFLIP, which activates NF-kB and inhibits apoptosis and autophagy, and causes tumors in mice. In this study we evaluated the global effect of ectopic expression of vFLIP in a B cell lymphoma cell line, as well as that of suppression of vFLIP expression in a PEL cell line. Methods: vFLIP expression was knocked down with siRNA in the PEL cell line BC-3. Namalwa cells were stably transfected with a tetracycline-inducible vFLIP, and vFLIP expression was induced with doxycycline for 48 hours. The Namalwa cell line was selected because it contains EBV with a type I latency pattern, also a feature of most PELs. We evaluated RNA extracted from these vFLIP+ and FLIP– cells in a PEL and Burkitt lymphoma background for gene expression array analysis using the Illumina Direct Hybridization Assay. Results were validated by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results: The vFLIP signature in a BL cell line was analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), which is an analytical method to determine how gene sets from other public studies compare to our signature. 1,445 public gene signatures were compared to a rank ordered list of genes that were altered by expression of vFLIP. The top match among these previous gene signatures, for both vFLIP upregulated and downregulated genes, was the PEL signature as compared to other lymphoma subtypes and normal B cell subsets (Kelin et al, Blood 101, 2003). Thus, expression of vFLIP in BL leads to a switch from a BL expression signature to that of PEL. Furthermore, expression of vFLIP in BL cells let to an almost complete downregulation of several B cell antigens, including surface Ig light chains, CD19, as well as CD10, in conjunction with upregulation of CD138 expression. Conclusion: The unique phenotype of PEL has long been an intriguing feature of this disease. We have found that a single gene encoded by KSHV, vFLIP, can induce a transcriptional signature of PEL, as well as the phenotype characteristic of this disease. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Tutorial on Quantile Estimation via Monte Carlo

Quantiles are frequently used to assess risk in a wide spectrum of application areas, such as finance, nuclear engineering, and service industries. This tutorial discusses Monte Carlo simulation methods for estimating a quantile, also known as a percentile or value-at-risk, where p of a distribution’s mass lies below its p-quantile. We describe a general approach that is often followed to construct quantile estimators, and show how it applies when employing naive Monte Carlo or variance-reduction techniques. We review some large-sample properties of quantile estimators. We also describe procedures for building a confidence interval for a quantile, which provides a measure of the sampling error.
Facilitating OWL norm minimizations

We present some characterizations of the ordered weighted $$\ell _1$$ norm (aka sorted $$\ell _1$$ norm) and of the vector Ky-Fan norm as solutions to linear programs involving reasonably many variables and constraints. Such linear characterizations can be exploited to recast and effortlessly solve a variety of convex optimization problems involving these norms. Similar linear characterizations are given for the dual norms of the ordered weighted $$\ell _1$$ norm and the Ky-Fan norm.
Points, Points, and More Points: High School Grade Inflation and Deflation when Homework and Employability Scores are Incorporated

With a strong movement of schools starting to use standards-based grading practices, one of the aims of this study was to learn if traditional grading practices communicate grades that are accurate based on the students’ learning of the course objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which employability and homework scores within a traditional points- and percentages-weighted grading model inflates or deflates grades. This study analyzed 795 students’ semester math grades at an urban high school to see if, and to what extent, students’ grades were inflated or deflated due to including homework and employability scores in the grade. Final grades, which included homework and employability points, were compared to each student’s overall summative assessment scores to determine grade inflation or deflation. The study also analyzed how changing grading practices to eliminate homework and employability points would impact the number of students that ultimately passed or failed the course. Results of this study indicated 336 (43.2%) students had their grades inflated or deflated by 5% or more and 97 (12.6%) students had their grades inflated or deflated by 10% or more, which is equivalent to moving up or down a full letter grade. School leaders should consider separately communicating academic and non-academic factors to minimize grade inflation/deflation in order to make decisions based upon grades more justifiable.
Exploring geographical, curricular, and demographic factors of nature use by children in urban schoolyards in Raleigh, NC, USA

Abstract Experience in nature provides a host of benefits to children, but today’s children who live in urban environments spend less time with nature compared to previous generations. Because children spend a large amount of time at school, greening schoolyards is one strategy for providing children with more access to nature and its benefits. However, installing nature-rich spaces in schoolyards may not guarantee their use, and research is needed to understand how the physical make-up of schoolyards may interact with teacher and student-related factors to predict use of natural elements on schoolyards. We inventoried 9 urban schoolyards and surveyed an associated 199 3rd-6th grade students and 14 teachers to measure children’s awareness and use of nature-rich vs. traditional outdoor spaces as predicted by teachers’ behavior (i.e. taking students outdoors) and environmental education-related training, student demography, and schoolyard physical environment. We found that children were less aware of nature-rich spaces (gardens 69 %, woodlands 28 %) compared to traditional outdoor spaces (playgrounds 73 %, athletic fields 77 %) and spent less time there (once a month versus several times a week). However, teachers taking children outdoors (p = 0.001) and trained in environmental education (p = 0.10) positively predicted student awareness of gardens. Teacher training in environmental education was also predictive of children exploring woodlands (p = 0.04), highlighting the importance of teacher training in successful green schoolyard efforts. We provide a glimpse of schoolyards as places for urban children to access nature's benefits by studying different school factors that influence children’s nature-based activities. Simply implementing natural spaces in schoolyards cannot guarantee the use of natural spaces by children. Providing institutional support and professional development for teachers may help to enhance children's awareness of different nature-rich areas and promote nature-base activities in schoolyards.
Application of the least-squares method to photoelastic analysis: Two global methods for determining certain key parameters from full-field fringe patterns based on the method of least squares are presented

In this paper, the linear and nonlinear leastsquares methods are developed in matrix notation as solution schemes to determine key parameters from whole-field fringe patterns. Examples of the proposed methods to the determination of the photoelastic-fringe constant from a disk in diametral compression and the opening-mode geometric stress-intensity factor from the photoelastic-fringe loops in the neighborhood of a crack tip are presented. In the latter example, the location of the crack tip is treated as an unknown to be determined from the analysis.
Considerations for Mediation and Alternative Dispute Resolution for North Dakota

This article discusses the practice of mediation in North Dakota. In part one, Professor Spain defines mediation, explaining that mediation has become the catch phrase for numerous alternative dispute resolution processes. Part two discusses the origins, goals, and values of mediation as a process for resolving conflict. Part three contrasts the goals and processes of “facilitative mediation” and “evaluative mediation.” Part four raises ethical considerations in mediation. Spain concludes by noting that ongoing recommendations for the design and implementation of alternative dispute resolution processes are necessary to ensure the most effective mediation practices in North Dakota.
Nausea and Vomiting

Nausea and vomiting induced by antineoplastic therapy can significantly affect quality of life and continues to be a prevalent and distressing treatment-related issue faced by children with cancer and their families. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can result in metabolic derangements, nutritional depletion and anorexia, esophageal tears, deterioration of mental and performance status, prolonged hospitalizations, and potential poor compliance or withdrawal from anticancer treatment. Despite advances in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic management of nausea and vomiting, prevention of CINV remains a particular issue in the pediatric population where existing guidelines are constrained by lack of robust evidence. Few studies have been carried out in children, and results obtained in adults cannot be directly applied to young children since metabolism and side effects of drugs differ. The pathophysiology of CINV, principles of antiemetic prophylaxis, emetogenicity of chemotherapy, classes of antiemetic agents, and current guidelines for prevention and treatment of CINV in children are addressed in this chapter. Specific attention is also given to nonpharmacologic strategies and approaches to anticipatory, breakthrough, and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. This chapter provides health care providers with a summary of evidence-based information with the goal of guiding optimal emetic control in pediatric cancer patients.
Network Analysis of the SourceForge.net Community

Software is central to the functioning of modern computer-based society. The OSS (Open Source Software) phenomenon is a novel, widely growing approach to develop both applications and infrastructure software. In this research, we studied the community network of the SourceForge.net, especially the structure and evolution of the community network, to understand the Open Source Software movement. We applied three different analyses on the network, including structure analysis, centrality analysis and path analysis. By applying these analyses, we are able to gain insights of the network development and its influence to individual developments.
Nonlinear Flight Control Using Neural Networks and Feedback Linearization

Aircraft dynamics are in general nonlinear, time-varying, and may be highly uncertain. Current-generation controllers rely on approximate linearized models of the aircraft and use gain scheduling to accommodate changes in vehicle dynamics as the flight regime varies. The techniques of feedback linearization provide a means of developing invariant controllers that give a desired response in all flight modes. However, the implementation of these techniques involves intensive online computations. The structure imposed by feedback linearization proves an ideal setting for introducing neural networks to the flight-control loop. In this paper, a structure for the use of neural networks to represent the nonlinear inverse transformations needed for feedback linearization is proposed and evaluated. In order to compensate for unmodeled nonlinearities and parameter drifg a second network is introduced which permits online learning. In addition, the paper addresses the robust stability problem in the context of neural-network representation error.
Deformation mechanisms and ductility of mechanically alloyed NiAl

Abstract An NiAl-based alloy has been produced by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion, resulting in material which is fully dense, with a homogeneous distribution of oxide particles and with a fine grain size of less than 1 μm. Mechanical properties of the mechanically alloyed (MA) NiAl were studied by compression testing from room temperature to 1300 K. At room temperature, the alloy exhibited high yield strength (1380 MPa) and considerable compressive ductility (greater than 11.5%). Transmission electron microscopy of the compressed specimens was carried out. In order to determine the Burgers vectors of slip dislocations a rigorous procedure was followed. The 〈100〉 slip was found to be predominant but strong evidence of 〈110〉 slip was also gathered. The occurrence of the slip vectors satisfies the general requirement for plasticity and contributes to the notable compressive ductility. Cast and hot extruded NiAl has been also investigated for comparison with the MA material. At room temperature, it exhibited a poor ductility (2.3%), low yield strength (400 MPa) and only 〈100〉 slip dislocations were observed. The 〈100〉 slip provides three independent slip systems, an insufficient number for general plasticity. The different behavior of cast and MA NiAl is believed to be a result of distinct textures, 〈111〉 and 〈110〉 respectively, exhibited by these differently processed materials.
Range performance impact of noise for thermal system modeling

This paper presents a comparison of the predictions of NVThermIP to human perception experiment results in the presence of large amounts of noise where the signal to noise ratio is around 1. First, the calculations used in the NVESD imager performance models that deal with sensor noise are described outlining a few errors that appear in the NVThermIP code. A perception experiment is designed to test the range performance predictions of NVThermIP with varying amounts of noise and varying frame rates. NVThermIP is found to overestimate the impact of noise, leading to pessimistic range performance predictions for noisy systems. The perception experiment results are used to find a best fit value of the constant α used to relate system noise to eye noise in the NVESD models. The perception results are also fit to an alternate eye model that handles frame rates below 30Hz and smoothly approaches an accurate prediction of the performance in the presence of static noise. The predictions using the fit data show significantly less error than the predictions from the current model.
Performance of Polywell inertial-electrostatic confinement for applications

Summary form only given, as follows. Recent ideas have motivated a fresh look at fusion based on inertial-electrostatic confinement (IEC). Inertial-electrostatic-confinement devices electrostatically focus ions into a dense core. The electrostatic potential is generated by either grids or magnetically trapped electrons (the polywell concept). Work will be reported on modeling Polywell particle and power balance, with an emphasis on moderate-Q (fusion power/input power) producers of fusion neutrons and protons for various applications. Because electrostatic potentials of 10-100 kV can be created with relative ease, both D-T and advanced fuels, such as D-/sup 3/He, can have significant reactivities. Potentially, therefore, useful fluxes of fusion products (neutrons and protons, for example) can be generated even at low Q values. The analysis is performed by the mathematica computer code SAFE (Spherical Advanced Fusion Evaluator). Parametric dependencies and optimized reference cases will be exhibited.
Weathering of polyethylene (LDPE) and enhanced photodegradable polyethylene in the marine environment

The outdoor weathering of polyethylene homopolymer under exposure in air and in sea water was studied. Rate of deterioration as indicated by the loss in mean ultimate extension was found to be slower when the material was weathered in sea water compared to that in air. The difference in rates is explained in terms of the lack of heat buildup in plastic material floating in sea water. A similar study on a commercially available ethylene–carbon monooxide copolymer indicated rapid photodegradation under both exposure conditions.
Elemental inhomogeneities developed in stainless steels by radiation-induced segregation

Abstract Radiation-induced segregation (RIS) has been measured by analytical electron microscopy in a number of neutron-irradiated stainless steels stabilized with nickel or manganese. RIS to high angle grain boundaries, cavities, and dislocation loops was observed. Similar enrichment of nickel, silicon, and, in certain cases, phosphorus and depletion of chromium, iron, molybdenum, and manganese occurred at all three of these defect sinks. The origin of matrix composition fluctuations is discussed and an alternate mechanism, based on RIS to the initial dislocation loop microstructure, is suggested.
Congenital heart diseases with right-to-left shunts.

Tetralogy of Fallot comprises a constellation of cardiac findings that share the following common anatomic abnormalities (Fig. 1): a large malaligned ventricular septal defect (VSD), overriding of the aorta over the septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The anatomic spectrum of TOF is diverse and includes other variants such as pulmonary stenosis (TOF-PS), pulmonary atresia (TOF-PA), or absent pulmonary valve (TOF-APV). The pathophysiology of TOF depends, primarily, on the degree of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) and, secondarily, on the status of the systemic vascular resistance relative to the degree of right ventricular obstruction. The patients can be fully saturated or severely cyanotic depending on the ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow. In a Tetralogy spell (tet spell), or hypoxic spell, the infants experience episodes of severe hypoxemia and acidemia. The responsible factors may be increase in RVOTO and increase in oxygen requirement, decrease in peripheral vascular resistance, contraction of the right ventricular infundibulum, closure of the ductus arteriosus, or development of physiologic anemia.
Three-phase velocity distribution of Lycopodium particles on the Masuda panel

Abstract This study follows up earlier work by the author that measured the velocity of Lycopodium particles on a two-phase Masuda panel. The velocity of particles in a three-phase electric field, as measured with a Laser Doppler Anemometer, approximately 0.5 m/s, is nearly the same for all Masuda panels over a wide range of operating conditions, including voltage,frequency, and phase. The results show good agreement with computer simulations. Aerodynamic drag appears to be the predominating factor that determines the particle velocity.
Quantitation of vitamin D and its metabolites and their plasma concentrations in five species of animals

Abstract Chromatographic methods suitable for the resolution of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -26,23 lactone, and 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 are described. These four metabolites comigrated in high-pressure liquid chromatography on silicic acid columns developed in 11:89 isopropanol:hexane. Adequate resolution was achieved by subjecting the four-metabolite complex to high-pressure liquid chromatography column developed in 2:98 isopropanol:methylene chloride. This additional chromatographic step, coupled with modifications of assay procedures previously described, allowed for the estimation of plasma concentrations of vitamin D 2 , vitamin D 3 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D 2 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 , 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 , 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 25,26 dihydroxyvitamin D 2 , 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 , 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -26,23 lactone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 plus 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 ). The samples automatically were introduced onto the high-pressure liquid chromatography columns with a Waters 710A “intelligent” processor. The metabolites were automatically collected with the aid of a programmable timer that advanced a fraction collector at predetermined intervals. The assays were used to determine the plasma vitamin D and vitamin D metabolite concentrations in five species of adult farm animals.
Confinement Effects in Two-Dimensional Silicon Structures

Two-dimensional silicon structures are currently attracting a great deal of attention due to their potential application in the electronic and energy sectors. Most published works have employed simple face-centered cubic (fcc) models in determining dispersion curves and density of states for silicon. In this paper we address confinement effects in silicon using a two- and three-body environment-dependent interatomic potential (EDIP). Dispersion curves for silicon thin films under free-standing boundary conditions are theoretically computed by means of the dynamical equation. We show how size confinement causes the emergence of new energy levels and a flattening of the dispersion curves, explaining the reduction of phonon group velocities with respect to bulk, and the change in the volumetric specific heat. Our results indicate when confinement effects begin to play a primary role in the dynamical behavior of the structure and allow the prediction of the number of atomic layers above which a silicon film can be considered thick in terms of its dynamical behavior.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Opening up the ritual casket: patterns of concealment and disclosure in early and medieval chinese religion

Ritual caskets—potent containers of precious stone or metal housing divinely granted treasures and esoteric texts—appear with some frequency in the literature of early medieval Daoism. These caskets reveal a rich complex of mythic narratives and ritual practices in Chinese religion as a whole. This article focuses on three aspects of religious practice involving a range of ritual caskets from the ancient to the early medieval period, including: (1) the vessels' function in the acquisition of the Heavenly Mandate tianming for imperial rulership as well as for immortality; (2) their mediating role in disclosing the revelation of sacred texts, especially from the Latter Han and into the narratives of early Daoism; and (3) their use in ritualizing expiation in early medieval Daoism through the depositing of “substitute bodies” into hidden caches and the advancing of liturgical petitions to otherworldly offices. On the most fundamental level, the ritual casket is a container that both conceals as well as revea...
Telescience for SOFIA

This paper presents an brief qualitative overview of potential implementations for SOFIA in the project's operational phase.
Cultural themes in European philosophy, law and economics

I begin with the assumptions that one of the main problems of philosophy is to give an account of order and that paradigms of order are derived by metaphorical extension of patterns of social organisation. ’ Social scientists have identified three recurring patterns of social organisation in Europe, depending upon whether the priest, the warrior, or the agriculturalists are predominant.2 When the priestly function becomes predominant, the world is thought to be full of rules and rituals that must be enforced by a central authority to maintain order. When the warrior function becomes predominant, the world is thought to be full of conflict and strife-force and resistance. When the agricultural function becomes predominant, the world is thought to be full of interdependent living organisms that grow, develop and reproduce, and hence needed to be nurtured and given attentive care. Anyone who did not fit into one of these three functions was not a recognised member of any of the early European cultures. According to anthropologists, revitalisation movements arise among individuals who have the least ability to modify their own lives within a given social context.3 Such movements can engender messianic religions -religions of the excluded and oppressed which arise when there is acute social disruption. Our task is to articulate the social relations underlying these forms of life more clearly and then to trace their development into philosophical modes of thought about law, ethics and economics.
Long Range Dependence

The notion of long range dependence is discussed from a variety of points of view, and a new approach is suggested. A number of related topics is also discussed, including connections with non-stationary processes, with ergodic theory, self-similar processes and fractionally differenced processes, heavy tails and light tails, limit theorems and large deviations.
A Necessary and Sufficient Condition for Deadlock-Free Wormhole Routing

An important open problem in wormhole routing has been to find a necessary and sufficient condition for deadlock-free adaptive routing. Recently, Duato has solved this problem for a restricted class of adaptive routing algorithms. In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed that can be used for any adaptive or nonadaptive routing algorithm for wormhole routing, as long as only local information is required for routing. The underlying proof technique introduces a new type of dependency graph, thechannel waiting graph, which omits most channel dependencies that cannot be used to create a deadlock configuration. The necessary and sufficient condition can be applied in a straightforward manner to most routing algorithms. This is illustrated by proving deadlock freedom for a partially adaptive nonminimal mesh routing algorithm that does not require virtual channels and a fully adaptive minimal hypercube routing algorithm with two virtual channels per physical channel. Both routing algorithms are more adaptive than any previously proposed routing algorithm with similar virtual channel requirements.
Role of electronic effects on the incorporation of Cr at a Σ5 grain boundary in UO2

Abstract Due to the important role of microstructure on nuclear fuel performance, it is desirable to obtain improved control of fuel microstructure. For example, Cr2O3 has been used as a grain growth promoter during the sintering of UO2; however, the influence of Cr incorporation on the bonding within the grain boundary is not well understood. Here, we quantify the energetics associated with Cr incorporation and segregation in a model UO2 system with a Σ5 symmetric tilt grain boundary using density functional theory calculations. The results indicate that Cr prefers to reside in a U substitutional site and segregate to the grain boundary. The Bader charge analysis and the charge density difference analyses confirm that Cr forms bonds with neighboring O atoms that weaken the ionic nature of adjacent U–O bonds, especially when it occupies U substitutional site at the grain boundary. The implications of these findings for the usage of Cr2O3 as a growth promoter are discussed.
Aging, Asset Markets, and Asset Returns: A View From Europe to Asia

The extent of the demographic changes is dramatic especially in some Asian and European countries. This paper investigates the effect of aging on global asset markets and asset returns, focusing on markets for productive capital, and especially on interactions between European and Asian economic development. Aging has complex effects on the markets for real capital. If elderly people save less than younger people, interest rates will increase. At the same time, however, the younger generation becomes smaller, which reduces the demand for new investment. The equilibrium effect is thus uncertain. Our multicountry computational equilibrium model delivers a subtle picture: there will be some decline in the return from productive capital, but it is relatively small. We find noticeable interaction effects between labor market and pension reforms in Europe on the one hand, and the demographic and economic developments in Asia, especially India and China, on the other hand.
Radiative and convective heating during Venus entry.

Determination of the stagnation region heating of probes entering the Venusian atmosphere. Both convective and radiative heat-transfer rates are predicted, and account is taken of the important effects of radiative transport in the vehicle shock layer. A nongray radiative transport model is utilized which parallels a four-band treatment previously developed for air (Page et al., 1969), but includes two additional bands to account for the important CO(4+) molecular band system. Some comparisons are made between results for Venus entry and results for earth entry obtained using a viscous earth entry program.
Magnetic and electrical properties of amorphous PdCoP alloys

Magnetic susceptibility and electrical resistivity measurements were performed (Pd100−xCox)80P20 alloys where 15 < x < 50. The magnetic properties show that these alloys undergo a ferromagnetic transition between 272 and 399 K as the cobalt concentration increases from 15 to 50 atomic %. Below 20 atomic % Co the short-range exchange interactions which produce the ferromagnetism are unable to establish a long-range magnetic order and a peak in the magnetization shows up at the lowest temperature range under an applied field of 6.0 kOe. The electrical resistivity of these alloys has been measured from 4.2 K up to the vinicity of the melting point (900 K). The electrical resistivity data could be interpreted by the coexistence fo a Kondo-like minimum and ferromagnetism. The minimum becomes less important as the transition metal concentration increases. The coefficients of In T and T2 become smaller and concentration dependent. The spin ordering in such alloys can be simulated as either the ordering due to an applied “external field” or as an increase in “internal fields”. These are due to an increase in transition metal concentration. The negative magnetoresistivity is a strong indication of the existence of localized moment.
Modifying Alcohol Expectancies of Hispanic Children: Examining the Effects of Expectancy-Targeted, Developmentally Congruous Prevention Videos

Objective:Children’s expectations about the effects of alcohol consumption are known to predict the amount of alcohol they consume as adults. Previous research has used videotaped interventions to modify children’s alcohol expectancies and found that puppet actors had the expected effect of decreasing children’s positive alcohol expectancies, whereas adult actors did not. The current study sought to enhance the methods and outcomes of previous research by developing brief prevention videos that focus on pre-selected negative and sedating alcohol expectancies and include youth actors and age-relevant scenarios.Method:Using a 2 × 2 factorial design (actor’s age [youth or adult] × scenario relevance [youth or adult]), we examined the alcohol expectancies of 183 Hispanic third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade students (50% girls) in a public school setting. Expectancies were assessed before, immediately following the intervention, and 1 month later. The intervention consisted of four 8-minute videos based on belief...
Limitation on scalar neutrino masses from Tau decay

The apparent absence of the decay τ → ντνl∗l, where l = e or μ and νi is the spin-zero supersymmetric partner of νi, implies that the νi masses are sufficiently large that the decay is suppressed (assuming the supersymmetric partners exist). We give the resulting limits, which depend on the mass of the W (the supersymmetric partner of the W) which mediates the decay, and on whether one or both ν is massive. These are the only experimental limits on ν masses.
The Practice-Scholar Program: An Academic-Practice Partnership to Promote the Scholarship of “Best Practices”

SUMMARYFaculty-practitioner partnerships that address mutually established, practice-relevant priorities have great potential to bridge academy and practice. Each partner has a different purpose or mission but together embracing mutually beneficial opportunities through sustainable partnerships, exponentially increases the outcomes that could result.The purpose of this paper is to report the evolution of a new program, called the Practice-Scholar Program at Duquesne University. The goal was to develop new partnerships between practice and our Department to support mutual interests in teaching, research and service focusing on the scholarship of occupational therapy ‘best practices’ in a variety of settings. These 'best practice' sites are to develop model programs in occupational therapy stressing occupation-based practice, application of evidence in clinical decision-making and embed scholarship activities into their every day practice. The selection, development and sustenance of our Practice-Scholar pr...
Behavior of polydisperse aerosols inside a closed sphere

Abstract Generalized theoretical models incorporating a population balance equation were developed to predict the change in aerosols concentration and size distribution with respect to time, inside a spherical chamber. Two limiting cases regarding particle concentration distribution were considered. In one case the particle concentrations were assumed to be uniform in the chamber except for those in a thin boundary layer very close to the wall. In the other case, development of spatial particle concentration distributions throughout the chamber, as a result of various particle transport mechanisms, was included. Gravitational settling, Brownian diffusion, and coagulation mechanisms were taken into account to establish transport rate relations. Experiments were carried out to study particle removal process inside spherical chambers approximated by small liquid foam bubbles. The observed particle removal efficiencies were compared with theoretical model predictions. The uniform concentrations model was found to fit the data better than the one which included spatial distributions. In general, both models showed an underprediction in the removal efficiencies for fine particles and an overprediction for larger size particles, the extent of deviations depending upon the particle size and operating conditions.
The medical expense deduction and income levels: Progressive or regressive?

Abstract The medical expense deduction (MED) allows taxpayers to deduct from taxable income a proportion of their out-of-pocket medical insurance and health care expenses. Because the rate of subsidy is equal to the marginal tax rate previous studies have found MED to be a regressive tax mechanism biased toward benefiting higher-income taxpayers. The authors demonstrate, using GINI coefficients, that MED makes the tax structure more progressive than it would otherwise be and increases equality of after-tax incomes.
Proteins involved in electron transfer to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxides by Geobacter sulfurreducens and Geobacter uraniireducens

Whole-genome microarray analysis of Geobacter sulfurreducens grown on insoluble Fe(III) oxide or Mn(IV) oxide versus soluble Fe(III) citrate revealed significantly different expression patterns. The most upregulated genes, omcS and omcT, encode cell-surface c-type cytochromes, OmcS being required for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) oxide reduction. Other electron transport genes upregulated on both metal oxides included genes encoding putative menaquinol : ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase complexes Cbc4 and Cbc5, periplasmic c-type cytochromes Dhc2 and PccF, outer membrane c-type cytochromes OmcC, OmcG and OmcV, multicopper oxidase OmpB, the structural components of electrically conductive pili, PilA-N and PilA-C, and enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Genes upregulated on Fe(III) oxide encode putative menaquinol : ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase complexes Cbc3 and Cbc6, periplasmic c-type cytochromes, including PccG and PccJ, and outer membrane c-type cytochromes, including OmcA, OmcE, OmcH, OmcL, OmcN, OmcO and OmcP. Electron transport genes upregulated on Mn(IV) oxide encode periplasmic c-type cytochromes PccR, PgcA, PpcA and PpcD, outer membrane c-type cytochromes OmaB/OmaC, OmcB and OmcZ, multicopper oxidase OmpC and menaquinone-reducing enzymes. Genetic studies indicated that MacA, OmcB, OmcF, OmcG, OmcH, OmcI, OmcJ, OmcM, OmcV and PccH, the putative Cbc5 complex subunit CbcC and the putative Cbc3 complex subunit CbcV are important for reduction of Fe(III) oxide but not essential for Mn(IV) oxide reduction. Gene expression patterns for Geobacter uraniireducens were similar. These results demonstrate that the physiology of Fe(III)-reducing bacteria differs significantly during growth on different insoluble and soluble electron acceptors and emphasize the importance of c-type cytochromes for extracellular electron transfer in G. sulfurreducens.
The History of the Krannert Art Museum and Kinkead Pavilion

Abstract This annotated bibliography describes the history of the Krannert Art Museum and Kinkead Pavilion at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. The bibliography contains a chronology of exhibitions at the Krannert from 1961-1997, including title and dates of the exhibition and catalog contents.
A Usability Evaluation of a Laser Projection Virtual Keyboard

This study compared typing performance using a laser projection virtual keyboard (VKB), and an electromechanical folding keyboard (FKB). Twenty undergraduate students (10 male, 10 female) participated as subjects in the study. Typing performance was measured for twelve 7.5-minute typing trials for each of the two keyboards. The results showed that typing was significantly slower with the VKB: by the twelfth typing trial the text entry performance with the VKB was 17.3 wpm compared to 40.4 wpm for the FKB, and the typing error rate was 8.6% for the VKB compared to 5.3% for the FKB. Text entry performance was 57.1% slower with the VKB than the FKB, but it was comparable to the speeds reported for other handheld device text entry methods (Multitap, T9, and handwriting recognition). A learning curve model showed that theoretically the typing speed for the VKB could reach 20 wpm after 20 hours of training.
Physicochemical properties of two distinct types of virus-like particles from Helminthosporium victoriae.

Abstract Two serologically distinct types of virus-like particles (VLPs) were isolated from Helminthosporium victoriae. The first, which was isolated from three normal and two diseased isolates, sedimented at a rate of 190 S when centrifuged in linear-log sucrose density gradients. The second, which was found only in the two diseased isolates, had a sedimentation coefficient of 145 S. No VLPs were detected in two other normal isolates of the fungus. The 190 and 145 S VLPs both were polyhedral and 35 to 40 nm in diameter and had typical nucleoprotein absorbancy spectra. The 190 S type of VLP was electrophoretically distinct from the 145 S VLP when electrophoresed on either polyacrylamide gels or cellulose acetate strips. Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation in cesium chloride revealed a single density component for the 190 S VLPs with a buoyant density of 1.4325 g/cm3 The 145 S VLPs could be resolved into two to four components with buoyant densities of 1.3813 to 1.4138 g/cm3. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 190 S VLPs revealed two major proteins of molecular weight 83,000 and 88,000 present in equimolar amounts. The 145 S type of VLP had three major proteins with molecular weights of 92,000, 97,000, and 106,000; these were also present in equimolar amounts. Both the 145 and 190 S VLPs contained double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). The 190 S type of VLP had a single species of dsRNA with a molecular weight of 3.0 × 106. There were four classes of dsRNA associated with the 145 S VLPs, and their molecular weights were 2.4, 2.2, 2.1, and 2.0 × 106.
Identifying the “Players” in Sports Analytics Research

Despite a sports analytics research history that goes back more than 50 years and a recent dramatic rise in the level of scholarly interest in sports analytics, no prior research has attempted to identify its scope, scale, and growth in terms of the body of published refereed articles in the literature. Prior research has also not identified the “players” in the field: the journals and institutions that most commonly publish sports analytics research and are most commonly cited. To answer these questions, I examined 140 journals in operations research, statistics, applied mathematics, and applied economics, and identified 1,146 articles that address the application of analytics in sports. The results provide a picture of the size and nature of sports analytics research and its purveyors, and offer some perspective on the parameters of the field.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the Analysis of Neutralizer- Carbomer and Surfactant-Carbomer Interactions in Aqueous, Hydroalcoholic, and Anhydrous Gel Formulations

The objective of the present study is to evaluate the polymer-surfactant and polymer-neutralizer interactions in topical aqueous, anhydrous, and hydroalcoholic gel formulations using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The gels were prepared by dispersing Carbomer (Carbopol 980) in water and ethanol for aqueous and anhydrous systems, respectively. Glycerol and propylene glycol were also added to ensure that the compositions of gels closely resembled those used in typical topical gel formulations. Comparisons of the spectra of Carbopol dispersions in aqueous, anhydrous, and hydroalcoholic systems, performed for the first time, show Carbopol-neutralizer and Carbopol-surfactant interactions vary depending on the nature of the solvents used for gel formation. Analysis of the spectra of aqueous gel formulations indicates significant presence of ionized carboxyl groups only at higher pH (∼8.0). Drying of the aqueous gels causes a shift in the carbonyl stretch band toward higher energy, suggesting changes in polymer-neutralizer interaction. Anhydrous gels exhibit 2 different carbonyl stretch bands: the one at ∼1653 cm−1 is related to the carboxyl group that is hydrogen bonded and is akin to hydrous gels; the second one at ∼1717 cm−1 is indicative of free carbonyl groups. The carbonyl bands of dried gels appear at different energy levels than the solvated gels. This shift resulting from solvent evaporation, reported for the first time, indicates changes in hydrogen bond characteristics. The results show that FTIR can be a good technique compared with other more time-consuming means of analysis for topical formulations.
Stable transformation of Leptomonas seymouri by circular extrachromosomal elements.

Abstract To define the cis-acting sequences necessary for gene expression and DNA replication in trypanosomatids, we have developed a selectable vector that can be grown in Escherichia coli and maintained stably in the insect trypanosomatid Leptomonas seymouri. The vector is relatively small (6 kilobase pairs) and contains a portion of the L. seymouri alpha-tubulin gene positioned in-frame with a truncated neomycin phosphotransferase gene that confers resistance to the aminoglycoside G418. This construct is maintained in cells as a high-copy-number circular extrachromosomal element containing several head-to-tail copies of the transforming plasmid. In L. seymouri, alpha-tubulin-neomycin phosphotransferase fusion RNAs are polyadenylylated and possess a trans-spliced mini-exon. Additional DNA sequences can be inserted into the vector, propagated, and expressed in transformed cells.
Slew induced distortion in operational amplifiers

When an operational amplifier is overdriven by a large input signal the output stews. A model has been developed in this paper to predict the influence of slew upon the open-loop and closed-loop frequency response of the operational amplifier. It has been found that, while magnitude distortion occurs in both open- and closed-loop modes, phase distortion only occurs under closed-loop conditions. Experimental and theoretical data compare favorably, demonstrating the accuracy of the model. It is shown that slew induced distortion for the low gain invertor configuration is much larger than for the inverting integrator.