cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress of caring for children: the role of perceived racism.

Purpose Regardless of race, most mothers experience stress related to concerns about their children. African American mothers may experience the additional stress of their child(ren) experiencing racism. We describe the stress that African American women have about their children experiencing racism. Methods The Telephone-Administered Perceived Racism Scale (TPRS) was administered to 476 African American women ages 36 to 53 who were members of a prepaid health plan. The 8-item Concern for Children scale, 1 of the 5 TPRS scales, was completed by 382 women and assessed the level of concern women have about their children experiencing racism. The responses ranged from “not at all concerned” to “very concerned.” Results For 6 of the 8 items, more than 60% reported being “very concerned” for their children. Items of highest concern involved institutionalized racism with more than 70% reported being very concerned about their children being harmed or harassed by the police or getting stopped in a predominantly white neighborhood. Respondents were less concerned about their children being considered less attractive than their white counterparts and/or being excluded from social events, activities, or groups. Level of concern was not related to income or education. Unsurprisingly, respondents who reported high levels of perceived racism also reported greater concern for their child(ren). Conclusions These findings highlight an additional stressor related to childrearing in a “race-conscious” society. Future research on stress and African American women’s health should include this additional stressor.
Inclusion of shear effects, tension, and damping in a DTF beam model for cable modeling

The distributed transfer function method is applied to equations of motion for a space flight cable in an ongoing effort to characterize the effects of adding cabling to space structures. A cable model is presented in which the cable is modeled as a shear beam with multiple boundary constraints. Tension in the cable is included and a variety of damping mechanisms are incorporated. Comparison of the model results to experimental data is included, showing that the distributed transfer function cable model with equivalent cable property inputs can bound the range of cable responses and that hysteretic and connection stiffness damping improve the comparison between the model and experimental data.
Trajectory Analysis of Basket Engagement during Aerial Refueling

In this paper trajectory analysis for the aerial refueling basket for a modern fighter aircraft is presented. The under study aircraft has a probe and drogue arrangement for aerial refueling. Thus the aircraft has to be carefully positioned behind the extended refueling basket is such a way that positive engagement of refueling basket and probe takes place accounting for the complex flow field around the aircraft as it approaches the refueling basket. In the current study an initial location of the refueling basket has been selected such that, the aircraft flow field have minimal aerodynamic effects on the basket at this location and, then the basket is allowed to move towards the aircraft using Six Degree of Freedom Solver with appropriate boundary and limiting conditions. The initial location of the basket is iteratively improved until engagement of refueling probe and basket is achieved. Further optimization of initial location and some worst case scenarios have also been simulated. The results indicate significant effect of aircraft aerodynamics on basket trajectory. An optimum initial basket location that results in positive engagement with the refueling probe has been determined.
Influence of photoperiod on egg production of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) infesting cats.

Photoperiod affected the production of cat flea eggs by cats infested with cat flea, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche). Cat flea eggs have a smooth chorion and do not adhere to the host. About 60% of fluorescing eggs placed in the pelage were recovered in collecting trays underneath the host in 2 h. An average of 87.7 eggs per cat was laid during the last 8 h of the scotophase compared with 49.9 and 59.1 eggs during the other 8-h periods. Significant variation in the number of eggs collected daily existed among the six cats. The activity budgets were similar for all the cats with the maximum sleep period during the photophase. The possible adaptive advantages of synchronizing egg production with photoperiod are discussed.
Embedded Scaffolding for Reading Comprehension in Open-Ended Narrative-Centered Learning Environments.

Narrative-centered learning environments tightly integrate educational subject matter and interactive stories, where students serve as active participants in story-centric problem-solving scenarios. Embedding scaffolding within the storyline of a narrative-centered learning environment is a discreet approach to supporting students’ learning processes without diminishing the motivational benefits of interactive narratives. This paper presents an implementation of story-embedded scaffolding in a narrative-centered learning environment, CRYSTAL ISLAND. CRYSTAL ISLAND’s curricular focus has recently been expanded to include literacy education, with a focus on reading. Scaffolding takes the form of concept matrices, which are student-generated graphic organizers for complex informational texts that students read as part of CRYSTAL ISLAND’s interactive narrative plot. Leveraging generative learning theory, we discuss directions for fading concept matrix-based scaffolding, and examine technical challenges and potential solutions.
Alternative Approaches for Examining the Temporal Stability of Parameter Estimates in a Marketing Model

The temporal stability of estimated parameters in multiple regression marketing models is important if the model is to prove useful in making economic inferences and in developing marketing strategies. OLS estimates are potentially distorted in the presence of collinear data sets that typify marketing models; consequently, any underlying temporal stability present may go undetected. This paper investigates the temporal stability of parameter estimates by comparing the results obtained from OLS, ridge, and latent root regression techniques in the presence of ill-conditioned data. Ridge regression provided improved individual coefficient stability and slightly greater predictive accuracy beyond the original estimation period.
Chapter 3 - The Oscilloscope and Its Use

An oscilloscope is one of the most important electronic measuring instruments for alternating current (AC) voltages and currents. It is particularly important because it allows one to “take” an electronic picture of AC waveforms. The chapter explains the construction of an oscilloscope, along with the function and adjustment of an oscilloscope's controls. A scope consists of two major segments: the display system and the controlling circuits. For display systems in analog scopes, a cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology is employed. A CRT display system consists of three major parts: an electron gun, a deflection system, and a screen. The other portion of an oscilloscope is control circuit. They cause the CRT to emit electrons, regulate how many electrons make up the beam current, and control the direction of the beam of electrons. The controls can be divided into three major subgroups: the mainframe group , the vertical control group , and the horizontal control group. The chapter describes the functions of the controls of a scope. A scope can be used to measure and determine the amplitude, period, and frequency of AC waveforms.
Abstract 3667: Potential role of DUSP4 as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal of all human malignancies, with 48,960 expected new cases and 40,560 deaths predicted in the USA in the year 2015. In order to develop novel strategies for the management of pancreatic cancer, it is of utmost importance to intensify our efforts to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of this fatal neoplasm. Dual-specificity phosphatase-4 (DUSP4), a family member of dual-specificity phosphatases, is capable of dephosphorylating both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/phosphothreonine residues and possesses activity against key signaling components of the MAPK pathway that plays an important role in cancer growth. DUSP4 has been shown to be widely expressed in different tissues and implicated in cancer development, differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. In a recent study from our laboratory that was aimed at defining the molecular targets of the anti-cancer plant-based alkaloid sanguinarine in pancreatic cancer, we identified DUSP4 as a key protein modulated by sanguinarine. Specifically, based on proteomics data and validation by qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, we found that sanguinarine significantly increases DUSP4 in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Indeed, an association of DUSP4 loss with cancer progression has been shown in certain cancers. However, the role of DUSP4 in pancreatic cancer is not known. This study was designed to determine the role and importance of DUSP4 in pancreatic cancer. We determined the expression profile of DUSP4 in pancreatic cancer using immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray containing a variety of pancreatic cancers and normal pancreatic tissues. The DUSP4-immunostaining was microscopically imaged followed by quantification of DUSP4 protein by multispectral Vectra™ system coupled with inForm software. We found a significant downregulation of DUSP4 in human pancreatic cancer tissues, when compared to normal pancreatic tissues. Further, to understand the importance of DUSP4 in pancreatic cancer, we determined the effect of a force overexpression of DUSP4 in MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. We found that DUSP4 overexpression in MIA PaCa-2 cells resulted in a significant i) decrease in cell growth and proliferation, ii) clonogenic survival, and iii) induction of apoptosis. These preliminary findings suggest a potential tumor suppressive function of DUSP4 in pancreatic cancer. Further detailed studies are ongoing in our laboratory to validate the role and functional significance of DUSP4 in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Chandra K. Singh, Jasmine George, Minakshi Nihal, Nihal Ahmad. Potential role of DUSP4 as a tumor suppressor in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3667.
Concentrating solar power systems with advanced thermal energy storage for emerging markets

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants have demonstrated the potential to reduce use of fossil fuels to generate electricity. Yet there are limits to the amount of instantaneous renewables penetration due their intermittency. CSP plants coupled with thermal energy storage can reduce solar power intermittency during the day and maintain power output for several hours into the night. This paper describes a CSP plant with storage that uses mixed ionic-electronic conducting metal oxide particles as both the heat transfer and thermal energy storage media. Thermodynamic and economic analyses are reported for a new design of a 4.6 MWe system using solar resource data from Johannesburg, South Africa. A cost comparison is made to local grid power prices to provide a case study for implementing the technology in emerging markets and developing countries. Demonstrated potential reductions in the cost of electricity and peak grid network loading are shown. Results and analyses are contrasted using system-wide metrics, subsystem metrics, and component-level metrics to inform design decisions that increase the societal impact of the sustainable energy system. The levelized cost of electricity produced by the CSP plant is 12 U.S. cents/kW, lower than the average 19 U.S. cents/kWh unsubsidized cost of electricity in sub-Saharan Africa. This work demonstrates the opportunity for a large-scale, renewable, low-cost, and reliable alternative to existing grid power.
Funds Flow in the Era of Value-Based Health Care.

Abstract Health care reform is creating significant challenges for hospital systems and academic medical centers (AMCs), requiring a new operating model to adapt to declining reimbursement, diminishing research funding, market consolidation, payers' focus on higher quality and lower cost, and greater cost sharing by patients. Maintaining and promoting the triple mission of clinical care, research, and education will require AMCs to be system-based with strong alignment around governance, operations, clinical care, and finances. Funds flow is the primary mechanism whereby an AMC maintains the triple mission through alignment of the hospital, physician practices, school of medicine, undergraduate university, and other professional schools. The purpose of this article is to discuss challenges with current funds flow models, impact of funds flow on academic and private practice radiology groups, and strategies that can increase funds flow to support radiology practices achieving clinical, research, and teaching missions in the era of value-based health care.
Technical Report: German company examples of excellent quality management

The purpose of this research is to provide some examples of excellent quality management systems and techniques as they pertain to German companies. An introduction is given defining the quality of education and training which serves as an underlining basis to which German companies achieve quality. Overall, the paper covers five German companies and describes examples of quality management from each one. These five companies cover different industries; and their scope of operations can be specifically in Germany, or Europe and the rest of the world. The final portion of this paper gives overviews of why and how Germany and Japan have been successful, and also provides factors that contrast the management philosophies between German/Japanese firms to those of the United States.
A Continuous Measure of the Joint Distribution of Race and Income Among Neighborhoods

We develop and illustrate a general and innovative method for describing in detail the joint distribution of race and income among neighborhoods when only coarse income data are available. The approach provides estimates of the average income distribution and racial composition of the neighborhoods of households of a given racial category and specific income level. We illustrate the method using 2007–2011 tract-level data from the American Community Survey. We show, for example, that blacks and Hispanics of any given income typically live in neighborhoods substantially poorer than those of whites and Asians of the same income. Our approach provides a general method for fully characterizing the joint patterns of racial and socioeconomic segregation, and so may prove useful in understanding the spatial foundations and correlates of racial and socioeconomic inequality.
Dynamic Evaluation of Bladder Cancer

Previous papers have been published which deal with some of the material which follows (1, 2, 3). Because bladder cancer is so heterogenous, it becomes essential that one characterize and classify each patient as carefully as possible. As can be shown, the multifactorial elements of bladder cancer in a given patient or group of patients may have more influence on the outcome of therapy than the therapy itself.
Deposition of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide thin films using chemical bath deposition technique

A simple, convenient and low cost chemical synthesis technique, chemical bath deposition, are used to deposit cadmium sulfide (CdS) and cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots on glass substrates. Based our characterizations, high quality CdS and CdSe thin films have been deposited on the substrates. In order to synthsize CdS quantum dots on glass, we use cadmium sulfate (CdSO 4 ), ammonia water (NH 4 OH) and thiourea (CS(NH 2 ) 2 ) as reaction agents. For CdSe thin films, we use cadmium acetate as cadmium ion source and sodium selenosulfate / thiourea as a selenium / sulfur ion sources. Aqueous ammonia is used as a complex reagent and also to adjust the pH of the final solution. The asdeposited thin films using this technique are optically transparent, adherent, homogeneous and yellowish for CdS and redish for CdSe without powdered precipitation. The deposition can be made at 60 – 70°C under magnetic stirring for all samples. The films have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV-Vis absorption. The SEM measurements show that the shapes of deposited CdSe nanoparticles on glass substrates can be controlled to exhibit different shapes under different reaction conditions.
Comparison of Nine Tools for Screening Drug-Drug Interactions of Oral Oncolytics.

Purpose:Patients with cancer are an especially vulnerable population to potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This makes it important to adequately screen them for DDIs. The objective of this study was to compare the abilities of nine DDI screening tools to detect clinically relevant interactions with oral oncolytics.Methods:Subscription-based tools (ie, PEPID, Micromedex, Lexicomp, Facts & Comparisons) and free tools (ie, Epocrates Free, Medscape, Drugs.com, RxList, WebMD) were compared for their abilities to detect clinically relevant DDIs for 145 drug pairs including an oral oncology agent. Clinical relevance was determined by a pharmacist using Stockley’s Drug Interactions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each tool, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), and then compared grouped by free or subscription-based tools for the secondary analysis and analyzed via generalized estimating equations.Results:For individual metrics,...
A Novel Fluorescent Transcriptional Reporter for Cell-Based Microarray Assays

Cell-based microarrays have been used for a wide variety of assays including gain-of-function, loss-of-function and compound screening. Many of these assays have employed fluorescent proteins as reporters. These fluorescent reporter proteins can be monitored in living cells but have low sensitivity of detection compared to enzymatic reporters. Here we have described a novel transcriptional reporter assay using the alkaline phosphatase reporter enzyme and a fluorescent substrate (ELF-97) to screen for gain-of-function mutations in the type-I cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKG1). We have identified a constitutively active mutant of this enzyme in which a conserved Glu at position 81 was mutated to Lys.
Modulation of Thin Filament Activity in Long and Short Term Regulation of Cardiac Function

The contraction and relaxation of heart muscle is exquisitely controlled to match the venous return to the cardiac output. If the control mechanisms work, they ensure that output of the right or left ventricle occurs over a broad range with little change in end diastolic volume (EDV). If the control mechanisms fail and increases in cardiac output occur with relatively large changes in EDV, then homeostasis is threatened by edema and by relatively inefficient conversion of wall tension into pressure. Moreover, chronic elevations in EDV and the associated stretch of the myocardium engage pathways for hypertrophic signaling. With hypertrophic adaptation, homeostasis is restored, but this is likely to be temporary; with continued strain on the cells eventually maladapation occurs and a viscous cycle of cardiac cell growth and depressed function leads to the syndrome of heart failure.
Indentation of a PVC Cellular Foam

An investigation of the indentation response of a PVC closed-cell cellular foam (Divinycell H80) by a cylindrical indenter was undertaken. The material has a density of of 80 kg/m3 and shows a linear elastic almost perfectly plastic behavior in simple compression up to a critical strain at which densification takes place. The plastic Poisson’s ratio of the material approaches zero. The load-indentation depth relation was monitored for a progressively increasing applied load. It consists of an initial linear part followed by a softening behavior. A simple model based on a rigid plastic behavior of the foam in compression and a maximum stress failure criterion was used to predict the load-indentation depth curve. Results for the indentation hardness indicate that it takes values close to one for small indentation depths, while it increases as the indentation depth increases.
Reservoir Control Strategies for Leishmaniasis: Past, Present, and Future

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania spp. is zoonotic. In many regions dogs serve as the predominant domestic reservoir of disease. This reservoir status has led to multiple efforts to control disease via reservoir control. Historically, public health-oriented strategies have focused on dog culling. Canine culling was established in Palestine in the 1940s and both China and former central republics of the Soviet Union in the 1950s. In these instances, with ample public health infrastructure funded by a centralized state, along with ability to use widespread spraying of DDT, VL transmission was halted but disease was not eradicated in any instance. Canine culling continues to be the predominant policy for VL control in Brazil, despite limited effectiveness. In well-developed countries of Europe with long average life expectancy and overall good health care, education, and nutrition, VL is predominantly found in immunocompromised patients. This is in spite of concurrently high levels of canine VL (cVL) in the same geographic locale. Similar trends are beginning to be seen in areas of rapid economic advancement within Brazil, demonstrating the importance of general health and environmental conditions in prevention of VL. As palatability for widespread canine culling wanes within areas endemic for cVL, combined alternate approaches including topical insecticides, reproductive control, and vaccination should be strongly considered.
The Global Theory of Smooth Functions

In this chapter, we treat the fundamentals of differential calculus in open subsets of Euclidean spaces. Everything will be set up so as to extend naturally to global differential calculus on smooth manifolds.
Motor Fleet Safety and Security Management

This book describes how to develop and manage a comprehensive motor fleet safety and instructional program. It lays the groundwork necessary for successful driver selection, training, instruction and supervision. The book also analyzes accident prevention and investigation issues and provides planning and training guidelines, includes a detailed discussion of the transportation of hazardous materials and the security of hazardous material shipments, offers a model program that enables the integration of the book's concepts into the development of safety and training programs, and explores effective safety meetings for commercial drivers. Individual chapters address: elements of a fleet safety program; accident prevention; special considerations of a small fleet; driver selection; driver training and instruction; driver supervision; motor fleet inspection program; organizing motor fleet accident data; job safety analysis; safety meetings for motor carrier drivers; motor fleet transportation publicity; school bus safety; shipping and storage of hazardous materials; security in the transportation industry; and motor fleet safety and security management.
Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge-Eating Disorder During Pregnancy

Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED) present high-risk situations during pregnancy. These conditions have been associated with inadequate or inconsistent energy and nutrient intakes, notably total energy; folate; vitamins B6, B12, and A; calcium; iron; and zinc. Electrolyte imbalances are also of concern. Inadequate or excessive weight gain, spontaneous abortion, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, and low birth weight, among other adverse outcomes, have been reported in pregnant women with eating disorders and their offspring. Screening and assessment of women for AN, BN, or BED during prenatal clinic visits is recommended. An interdisciplinary approach to care during pregnancy, the postpartum period, and beyond is critical to the successful management of eating disorders and optimal pregnancy outcomes.
Polyimide-based aerogel foams, via emulsion-templating

Abstract An oil-in-oil emulsion-templating method is used to fabricate polyimide aerogel foam materials. These materials contain micrometer size voids (macrovoids) in conjunction with inherently produced meso- and macropores in polyimide gels. Polyamic acid is first synthesized from diamines and dianhydrides and then chemically imidized to obtain a sol. An immiscible oil-type dispersed phase is introduced in the sol via emulsification and the sol is subsequently allowed to transition into a gel, thereby locking the dispersed phase droplets within the structure. The gel is subsequently dried under supercritical conditions to obtain aerogel foams. This paper evaluates the stability of the oil-in-oil emulsion used for templating with reference to the gel times of the continuous phase. Specifically, the effects of surfactant concentration on macrovoid size, mesopore size, and mechanical properties of the aerogel foams are investigated. In addition, water and oil absorption behavior of the aerogel foams are studied.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Novel Mechanism for Neurological Complications in Schimke Immuno-osseous Dysplasia

Abstract Background Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is a rare autosomal recessive disease resulting from biallelic SMARCAL1 mutations. It presents in early childhood and is characterized by short stature, nephropathy, and immunodeficiency. Approximately 50% of those affected have neurological complications including migraines, transient ischemic attacks, and strokes. Methods We present a six-year-old boy with Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia without evidence of atherosclerosis with recurrent episodes of severe headache, fluctuating hemiparesis, and aphasia. Results Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography were normal during the initial episode; multiple areas of reversible restricted diffusion with decreased perfusion and arterial stenosis were seen with subsequent attacks. Conclusions This constellation of symptoms and imaging findings is suggestive of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, which we propose as a mechanism for the transient ischemic attacks and infarcts seen in some patients with Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia, as opposed to accelerated atherosclerosis alone. This new insight may provide a basis for novel preventative therapy in this rare disorder.
Neglected treasures in the wild - legume wild relatives in food security and human health.

The legume family (Fabaceae) is the third-largest flowering family with over 18 000 species worldwide that are rich in proteins, oils, and nutrients. However, the production potential of legume-derived food cannot meet increasing global demand. Wild legumes represent a large group of wild species adaptive to diverse habitats and harbor rich genetic diversity for the improvement of the agronomic, nutritional, and medicinal values of the domesticated legumes. Accumulating evidence suggests that the genetic variation retained in these under-exploited leguminous wild relatives can be used to improve crop yield, nutrient contents, and resistance/tolerance to environmental stresses via the integration of omics, genetics, and genome-editing technologies.
The molecular actions of parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone–related protein receptor type 1 and their implications

Abstract Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone–related protein (PTHrP) act on target organs through one common receptor, PTH/PTHrP receptor type 1 (PTH1R). As an endocrine hormone, the predominant physiologic effect of PTH is to raise blood calcium through actions in the bone and kidney. In contrast, the paracrine-acting factor PTHrP exerts multiple physiologic roles during bone, skin, and breast development. Intracellular signaling downstream of PTH1R primarily occurs via a Gαs/cAMP-linked signaling system. While many membrane-proximal effects of PTH1R signaling have been detailed, it is not yet completely understood how these early signaling events translate into physiologic changes in gene expression in target cells. Here we will review the current understanding of the intracellular signaling systems downstream of PTH1R. With this information, we will review select examples of in vivo PTH1R-dependent actions in bone and kidney. In doing so, we will highlight major knowledge gaps and stress the importance of future studies designed to link detailed knowledge of PTH1R signaling with its actions on endogenous receptors in physiologically important cell types.
Expanding and Refining a Decision-Making Competency Inventory for Undergraduate Engineering Students

This Full Research Paper discusses ongoing work to develop a survey instrument to reliably assess undergraduate engineering student self-regulated decision-making. This work focuses on a second round of item expansion and refinement to the Decision-Making Competency Inventory (DMCI) to develop items related to learning from past decisions. The refined instrument was distributed to first-year engineering students enrolled in a large, public, land-grant institution located in the southeastern United States in the Fall of 2018. Of the approximately 1,200 students in first-year engineering courses, 883 valid surveys were randomly split into two separate samples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA results indicated a viable four-factor solution, which was explored with the CFA. The CFA results also indicated a four-factor model was appropriate. Improving this instrument will help researchers document and understand students’ decision-making skills and how they relate to observed decisions like initial choice of major or change of major. A decision-making instrument will also be valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to help students build their decision-making competency and make adaptive choices.
Iron redox cycling, sediment resuspension and the role of sediments in low oxygen environments as sources of iron to the water column

Abstract Continental margin sediments represent a potentially large, but poorly constrained, source of iron to surface waters to support primary productivity. To investigate this problem, we examined iron redox cycling in the sediments of Santa Monica Basin (SMB), CA as it relates to benthic sources of iron to the water column. Our results show that iron redox cycling in SMB sediments results in the formation of a thin layer at the sediment surface (
On residual stress analysis and microstructural evolution for stainless steel type 304 spent nuclear fuel canisters weld joint: Numerical and experimental studies

Abstract Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) in the weldments of austenitic stainless steel canisters is one of the primary safety concerns during the dry storage of used nuclear fuel at Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installations in coastal areas. In order to evaluate the CISCC behavior in the canister, a 3D sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model was built to simulate the residual stresses induced by two intersecting longitudinal and circumferential multi-pass welds in austenitic stainless steel mockup canister. Weld-induced residual stresses from simulation were in good agreement with the experimental measurement results by deep-hole drilling and contour methods. Through-wall high tensile axial and hoop stresses were observed in both the fusion zone and heat affected zone (HAZ) in the longitudinal and circumferential weld, respectively. On the other hand, the microstructure within the weldments of 304 stainless steel mockup was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron back-scattered diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. A few amount of MnS inclusions in both the base metal and HAZ, and a lot of (Mn,Si)xOy inclusions in the fusion zone were found. Meanwhile, there is some α′-martensite in the base metal, while the martensite was reversed in the HAZ. In the fusion zone, there is a lot of δ-ferrite. The martensite reversion phenomenon was also verified by the combination of Feritscope test and thermal simulation, which could predict a martensite reversion temperature as 400C°. The welding residual stresses and microstructure analysis results could offer the instructive information for the prediction of CISCC behavior of the spent nuclear fuel canisters.
Chapter 51 – Neonatal Lupus: Clinical Spectrum, Biomarkers, Pathogenesis, and Approach to Treatment

For the 40% of women with systemic lupus erythematosus who have antibodies reactive with SSA/Ro, at least one in 50 will have a child with neonatal lupus (NL). Fetal exposure to these maternal autoantibodies transported across the human placenta via FcγRn can result in a spectrum of organ injury: transient if the tissue has regenerative capacity and permanent if this capacity is absent or limited. NL is often referred to as a syndrome since it can comprise one or more manifestations inclusive of cardiac, cutaneous, liver, and hematologic abnormalities. While a rare disease, incidence estimated at about 600 cases per year in the United States, the study of NL provides a unique opportunity to address pathogenicity of an antibody reactive with an intracellular target in mediating tissue injury and to translate that to management. This chapter covers the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, proposed pathogenesis, biomarkers, and guidelines for prevention and therapy.
Selection of Monoclonal Antibodies with Optimal Biological Functions for Clinical Application

Murine monoclonal antibodies have been generated against a large number of human tumor associated antigens. These antibodies have been used to successfully detect circulating cancer antigens in patients’ blood (1) and to histologically identify the antigens on the surface of tumor cells (2). Antibodies conjugated with radioactive isotopes have been used extensively in preliminary investigations to localize tumor in cancer patients (3,4). In addition, there has been a great deal of current interest in the potential applications of these antibodies in the therapy of human cancer.
Modeling reveals cortical dynein-dependent oscillations in bipolar spindle length

Abstract Proper formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle is required for faithful cell division. While much work has been done to understand the roles of the key force components of the mitotic spindle, identifying the consequences of force perturbations in the spindle remains a challenge. We develop a computational framework accounting for the minimal force requirements of mitotic progression. To reflect early spindle formation, we account for microtubule dynamics and interactions with major force-generating motors, excluding chromosome interactions that dominate later in mitosis. We directly integrate our experimental data to define and validate the model, and then use simulations to analyze individual force components over time and their relationship to spindle dynamics, making it distinct from previously published models. Rather than achieving and maintaining a constant bipolar spindle length, oscillations in pole to pole distance occur that coincide with microtubule binding and force generation by cortical dynein. In the context of high kinesin-14 (HSET) activity, we identify the requirement of high cortical dynein activity for bipolar spindle formation.
The impact of child age and sentence-type on the acoustics of infant-directed speech

Research has demonstrated differences in the characteristics of infant-directed speech (IDS) based on age (Stern et al., 1983) and sentence-type (Geffen and Mintz, 2017) but has not examined the two factors together. The current study evaluates whether the acoustics of IDS differ as a function of child's age and sentence-type. The study combines two corpora of native-English adult speakers. Both Corpus1(9mo) (described in Geffen and Mintz, 2017), from the Brent corpus of the CHILDES database (Brent and Siskind, 2001) and Corpus2 (12mo) (described in Thompson, 2019), from naturalistic home-recordings, included statements, yes/no and wh-questions, and were acoustically coded in Praat. Three 2-way mixed ANOVAs with Age (9 and 12 months; between-subjects factor) and Sentence-Type (S, WH, YN; within-subjects factor) on OverallF0range, FinalVowelDuration, and FinalVowelF0range found main effects of Age, and Age X Sentence-Type interaction for OverallF0range. There was also a significant effect of Age on FinalVowelDuration. Results demonstrated a developmental shift in acoustic characteristics of IDS, with more exaggerated prosody to younger infants, supporting Stern et al. (1983) and suggests that IDS to older children no longer privileges prosody as strongly. Future studies should investigate whether similar developmental adjustments in IDS occur in languages other than English.
The Frequency and Comfort of Political Conversations with Parents as Mediators of Family Communication Patterns and Relational Quality in Parent–Child Relationships

Using Family Communication Patterns (FCP) theory, this study examined the frequency and comfort of young adults’ political conversations with their parents as mediators of family communication patt...
The HIPAA Privacy Rule, COVID-19, and nurses' privacy rights

The article discusses the Privacy Rule of the U S Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and how it protects the protected health information (PHI) of nurses if they are infected with COVID-19 while caring for their patients Also cited are the covered entities and business associates regulated by HIPAA, and the guidelines issued by the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Civil Rights (OCR) on PHI disclosure
Revision of Asymmetry and Adverse Scarring in Breast Reduction

Breast reduction is one of the most commonly performed plastic surgery procedures with the vast majority of patients experiencing symptom resolution and satisfaction with their results. Nonetheless, revision in breast reduction is not an uncommon procedure. Asymmetry and adverse scarring can limit patient satisfaction and present a significant challenge to overcome for the surgeon in revision cases. In the following chapter, we will discuss principles of breast reduction and common pitfalls that can lead to suboptimal aesthetic results as well as presenting techniques to address these complications when they occur.
Sports Television and the Continuing Search for Alternative Programming

The American sports television industry has scrambled to adjust to the loss of live sporting events in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic - a scramble clearly evidenced in programming schedules suddenly filled with replays of older event telecasts However, rather than focusing on the apparent novelty of this type of substitute coronavirus programming, this article, instead, argues that the loss of live sporting events represents the amplification of a problem that television networks have already been grappling with for years: how to fill an ever greater number of outlets with sufficient year-round programming given a finite number of live events With that in mind, this article proposes that many of the programming strategies that networks have turned to in the midst of the pandemic, including the expanded coverage of transactions (e g , coverage of National Football League free agency) and the increased scheduling of documentaries (e g , The Last Dance), have been familiar extensions of previously established alternative programming solutions
Highly efficient ∼8 μm-emitting, step-taper active-region quantum cascade lasers

Recently, it was shown for 4.5 μm–5.0 μm-emitting, state-of-the-art quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) that the internal efficiency can be fully accounted for when considering interface-roughness (IFR)-triggered carrier leakage from both the upper-laser (ul) level and key injector states. By applying the same formalism to ∼8.0 μm-emitting QCLs of a step-taper active-region (STA) design, we find that the devices’ internal efficiency reaches a high value of ∼76%. That is partly due to a record-high injection-efficiency value (89%), as a result of strong carrier-leakage suppression, and partly due to an IFR-scattering enhanced laser-transition efficiency value of 85.2%. By comparison, when the same analysis is applied to conventional ∼8.0 μm-emitting QCLs, grown by the same crystal-growth technique: metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), the internal efficiency is found to be only ∼59%, typical of values extracted from experimental data of mid-infrared-emitting conventional QCLs. When further comparing the ∼8.0 μm-emitting STA QCLs with conventional QCLs, the ul-level lifetime is found to be controlled by both LO-phonon and alloy-disorder scattering, similar to what we recently found for 4.5 μm–5.0 μm-emitting QCLs. However, unlike 4.5 μm–5.0 μm-emitting QCLs, the lower-laser level lifetime is found to be controlled by both LO-phonon and IFR scattering. In addition to the high internal-efficiency value, the use of excited-state injection and a low voltage defect result in the STA QCL reaching a front-facet wall-plug efficiency value of 10.6%, a record-high, front-facet value for 8 μm–11 μm-emitting QCLs grown by MOCVD and holding potential for continuous-wave operation.
Voice of the Researcher: Extending the Limits of What Counts as Research.

Social sciences research is entrenched with particular values, beliefs, norms, and practices that students, faculty, and researchers reproduce over time. In this article, the author argues for extending what counts as research within the social sciences to be more inclusive of differing methodologies and writing genres. Using personal narrative, diaries, and poetry, the author demonstrates unconventional ways of thinking about, doing, and writing research. He situates his personal experiences as a Ghanaian/American student within relevant literature to illuminate the merging of his home cultural values with those of the academic community and the contradictions and struggles associated with this process. Ultimately, the story portrays the journey of a graduate student as he challenges traditional research norms to open up spaces for underrepresented students to feel more at home within academe.
Multi-Organ Carcinogenicity of 3,3′-Dimethoxybenzidine Dihydrochloride Given in Drinking Water to F344/N Rats

3,3′-Dimethoxybenzidine dihydrochloride (DMOB) was evaluated for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity because benzidine, a structurally related chemical, is a known human carcinogen, and because of potential human exposure during production of bisazobiphenyl dyes. Previous carcinogenicity studies of DMOB were considered to be inadequate. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies were conducted by administering 0,80,170, or 330 ppm DMOB (>97.5% purity) in drinking water to groups of F344/N rats for 21 months. Seventy rats of each sex were used in the control group, 45 in the low-dose, 75 in the mid-dose, and 70 in the high-dose group. Ten rats of each sex in the control and 330 ppm dose groups were evaluated after 9 months. After exposure for 9 months, chemical-related neoplastic effects included liver foci, carcinoma of the preputial gland in one male, carcinoma of the clitoral gland in one female, and carcinoma of the Zymbal gland in two male rats. Although designed for 24 months, these studies were terminat...
The Homeowners’ Illusory Safety Net: Mortgage Broker Surety Liability

This Article exposes a critical consumer protection flaw in Washington State’s Mortgage Brokers Practices Act. While allowing aggrieved borrowers to bring claims against mortgage brokers at least up to three years from the date of injury, it requires a borrower to bring an action against the mortgage broker’s surety within one year of the injury. This Article posits that the one-year statute of limitations for actions against the mortgage surety is procedurally counterintuitive. Importantly, it also compels filing of possibly frivolous claims, and subverts all other statute of limitations provisions otherwise available to a wronged consumer. The Article explains why any possible rationale for the limitation, e.g., to prevent a run on claims, costs to market entry, are unpersuasive. In light of the implosion of the mortgage industry in the wake of the foreclosure crisis, Washington State maintains this unreasonable and anti-consumer barrier to recourse. Beyond its focus on Washington State law, this Article sets forth an exhaustive state-by-state citation of surety law, comparisons, and deficiencies with state mortgage broker surety bonding provisions in general.
Abstract 3505: Regulation of Cyclin A1 promoter by the Wilms tumor gene, WT1

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Cyclin A1(CCNA1) is a unique type of Cyclin A expressed predominantly in highly proliferative tissues such as the testis and bone marrow. In hematopoietic cells CCNA1 expression has been observed in CD34+ progenitor cells, leukemia stem cells and leukemia cell lines. Similarly, Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) gene expression has been observed in these highly proliferative, undifferentiated cells. Regulation of CCNA1 expression is poorly understood, but the CCNA1 gene promoter is a highly GC-rich TATA-less sequence, containing three potential WT1 binding sites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of two of the three sites revealed binding of the WT1 protein to chromatin in K562 leukemia cells. To assess the role of WT1 in CCNA1 regulation, activation of the CCNA1 promoter by WT1 was measured using luciferase reporter constructs in K562 cells. The distal construct (-1180/+145 ) contains two potential WT1 sites, and the activity of this reporter construct was up-regulated by WT1 co-transfection. In contrast, the proximal (-454/+145) promoter region contains no canonical WT1 binding sites. Suprisingly, the proximal promoter was also up-regulated by WT1 co-transfection. Transcription factor binding site analysis revealed 6 GC boxes -within the core promoter region of the proximal promoter construct that we predicted could serve as non-canonical WT1 binding sites. To determine the importance of these GC boxes for WT1 binding, we treated K562 cells with Mithramycin A, which blocks binding at GC rich sequences. We found that Mithramycin A treatment decreased the activity of both the distal and proximal promoter constructs. Finally we demonstrated that WT1 mediated activation of CCNA1 promoter required an intact DNA binding domain, as a mutant WT1 expression construct lacking the zinc finger domain failed to activate any of the CCNA1 promoter constructs. Overall these results show that WT1 binding can up-regulate the CCNA1 promoter. This observation supports our previous finding that overexpressing WT1 in K562 cells increased CCNA1 mRNA. These data suggest that elevated WT1 expression could mediate increased CCNA1 expression in leukemia cells and thereby enhance proliferation. Overall, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that both WT1 and CCNA1 behave as oncogenes in leukemia. Citation Format: Sony Pandey, Mustafa Moazam, Steven J. Kuerbitz, Gail C. Fraizer. Regulation of Cyclin A1 promoter by the Wilms tumor gene, WT1. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3505. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3505