cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of patient response to preoperative computerized video imaging.

Preoperative photographs, using standard views, have long been used by rhinoplastic surgeons, both for surgical planning and as the basis for discussion with patients concerning surgical goals and realistic expectations of outcome postoperatively. Undoubtedly, still photographs offer certain advantages when used for these purposes. They are easily obtained, reproduced, and stored. They allow for uniformity in the documentation and reporting of surgical outcomes. Finally, to obtain still photographs, little special expertise or expensive equipment is required. However, unless instant photography equipment is used, developing these photographs takes a minimum of several hours and, therefore, may necessitate a second visit by the patient for review and discussion. Also, even when adjustments have been "drawn on" by the surgeon, it is difficult for most patients to imagine what they might look like postoperatively. This causes added anxiety for some patients and can frustrate a surgeon who wishes to adequately convey to a
Policing the masculine frontier: Cultural criminological analysis of the gendered performance of policing:

This qualitative content analysis project relies on a combined cultural criminological and hegemonic masculinities perspective to uncover constructions of justice workers and the gendered performan...
Coverage estimation using statistics of the extremes for when testing reveals no failures

The existing classes of fault coverage models require an a priori distribution for collected data in their analysis. Using these models, analyses can be performed using various assumed distributions. The assumed distributions may not accurately reflect the behavior of the collected data and, as a result, the coverage values predicted by the models may be inaccurate, especially if testing yields little or no failure data. Since the occurrence of an uncovered fault in an ultra-dependable system is a rare event, then statistics of the extremes can be used to quantify uncoverage estimates in such systems. Statistics of the extremes provides for an analysis of rare event data without requiring any a priori knowledge of its distribution. It classifies most distributions into one of three asymptotic families; that is, in the limit, most distributions converge to one of three forms. Using statistics of the extremes, a coverage model is developed for when testing reveals no failures. From this model, the number of fault injection experiments required to demonstrate that a desired coverage level can be met is derived, as is the probability that this coverage estimate can be met.
Podcasting In Higher Education: Does It Make A Difference?

Podcasting is a growing trend in higher education. Major software companies, such as Apple, have dedicated entire websites to podcasting. These podcasts are available to college students to be used as supplemental material for specific coursework at their particular college or university. Unfortunately, due to the new and progressive nature of the technology, empirical studies of the effectiveness of this pedagogical device are rare. This paper presents an empirical study of the effectiveness of podcasting when incorporated as supplemental course material in a university course.
World War I Medical Films and Photography

Medical photography in the Armed Forces preceded U.S. involvement in World War I, but 1917 marked the beginning of a new era in the depiction of military medicine. Dating back to the Civil War, the Army Medical Museum staff had included clinical photographers such as William Bell, E.J. Ward, Charles Throught, and C.J. Blacklidge, whose graphic plates are vividly reproduced in the “Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion.” 1 The Museum’s new Instructional Laboratory, created in November 1917, targeted a threefold audience—troops in training, medical officers, and the civilian world, including especially medical professionals—and endeavored to produce motion pictures and still photographs of more transcendent value. Practically speaking, graphic arts offered exciting new tools for medical training. Some of the 137 motion-picture films produced by the Instructional Laboratory outlined hands-on matters including insect control, with titles like “Mosquito Eradication” and “Fighting the Cootie.” The best known and most controversial motion-picture production of the new Laboratory was the four-reel film “Fit to Fight,” described as a “venereal disease photo play” that dramatically depicted both moral and clinical consequences of wayward behavior. 2 While a General Order issued in January 1918 had limited the practice of photography in the American Expeditionary
Alternating Hepatic Arterial Infusion and Systemic Chemotherapy for Liver Metastases From Colorectal Cancer: A Phase II Trial Using Intermittent Percutaneous Hepatic Arterial Access

PURPOSE: To evaluate the objective response to a short course of hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) using temporary, percutaneously placed catheters alternating with systemic prolonged continuous infusion fluorouracil (ci 5-FU) and daily oral leucovorin (L). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were previously untreated (except for adjuvant therapy) adults with liver-predominant metastases, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2. Treatment regimen included HAI with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) 60 mg/m2/d and L 15 mg/m2/d continuously infused daily for 4 days. After a 1-week rest, ci 5-FU was administered through a central venous access device using a dose of 180 mg/m2/d with a fixed dose of oral L at 5 mg/m2/d for 21 out of 28 days. Cycles were repeated every 6 weeks. After four cycles of therapy, patients were maintained on ci 5-FU and daily oral L until evidence of progression. RESULTS: Forty-three patients were enrolled onto this trial. One patient was ineligible. The objecti...
Measurement of the phonon density of states of PuO 2 (+2% Ga): A critical test of theory

Using inelastic x-ray scattering, we determine the phonon density of states of PuO2 ( +2% Ga) and compare results with recent predictions made using density functional theory (DFT), DFT plus the Hubbard U (DFT +U), anddynamicalmean-fieldtheory.TheDFTpredictionunderestimatesthemeasuredenergiesofmostfeatures.The DFT +U prediction accurately reflects the low-energy features but incorrectly splits off an isolated high-energy oxygen mode. Ramifications for predictions of thermodynamic and transport properties of this nuclear fuel material are discussed.
Atrial natriuretic peptide regulates release of Na+-K+-ATPase inhibitor from rat brain

Tissue culture media from incubations of fragments of rat brain were collected and partially purified. These supernatants were effective in inhibiting the Na+-K + pump as indicated by a 77% reduction of ouabain-sensitive 86Rb + uptake into human erythrocytes. Release of the Na + -K + -ATPase inhibitor depended on the amount of tissue, the temperature, and the length of incubation. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) injected intravenously, or included (10(-8) M) in the in vitro incubation of brain tissue, decreased the release of the Na + -K + -ATPase inhibitor by 74 and 42%, respectively. Control experiments using the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin showed no effect on release of the inhibitor. These studies indicate that ANP is capable of regulating the release from brain of a Na + -K + -ATPase inhibitor with similar chromatographic characteristics to the one previously obtained from extraction of bovine hypothalamus and raise the possibility that the two factors are interrelated in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Characterization of the Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 after Five Years Immersion in Multi-ionic Solutions

Alloy 22 (N06022) is the candidate material for the corrosion resistant, outer barrier of the nuclear waste container. Two of the potential corrosion degradation modes of the container are uniform corrosion and localized corrosion. A testing program is under way at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to determine the susceptibility of Alloy 22 to these two forms of corrosion using immersion tests. Metallic coupons are being exposed to several electrolyte solutions simulating concentrated underground water from pH 3 to 10 at 60°C and 90°C. This paper describes the results obtained after more than a five-year exposure of 122 specimens to the testing electrolyte solutions. Results show little general corrosion and the absence of localized corrosion. The maximum general corrosion rate was 23 nm/yr.
G-Protein Modulation of Voltage-Gated Ca2+ Channels from Isolated Adult Rat Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons

Sympathetic neurons isolated from adult rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) are a well-established model to study G-protein modulation of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs). SCG neurons can be easily dissociated and are amendable to heterologous expression of genes, including genetic tools to study G-protein signaling pathways, within a time frame to maintain good spatial voltage-clamp control of membrane potential during electrophysiological recordings (8-36 h postdissociation). This protocol focuses on examining G-protein modulation of VGCCs; however, the procedures and experimental setup for acute application of agonists can be applied to study modulation of other ion channels (e.g., M-current, G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K(+) channels). We also discuss some common sources of artifacts that can arise during acute drug application onto dissociated neurons, which can mislead interpretation of results.
Functional Rescue of Retinal Degeneration-Associated Mutant RPE65 Proteins

More than 100 different mutations in the RPE65 gene are associated with inherited retinal degeneration. Although some missense mutations have been shown to abolish isomerase activity of RPE65, the molecular bases leading to loss of function and retinal degeneration remain incompletely understood. Here we show that several missense mutations resulted in significant decrease in expression level of RPE65 in the human retinal pigment epithelium cells. The 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13, a newly identified negative regulator of RPE65, mediated degradation of mutant RPE65s, which were misfolded and formed aggregates in the cells. Many mutations, including L22P, T101I, and L408P, were mapped on nonactive sites of RPE65. Enzyme activities of these mutant RPE65s were significantly rescued at low temperature, whereas mutant RPE65s with a distinct active site mutation could not be rescued under the same conditions. 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) displayed a significant synergistic effect on the low temperature-mediated rescue of the mutant RPE65s. Our results suggest that a low temperature eye mask and PBA, a FDA-approved oral medicine, may provide a promising "protein repair therapy" that can enhance the efficacy of gene therapy for delaying retinal degeneration caused by RPE65 mutations.
The Effect of Cerebellar Lesions on Emotional Behavior in the Rhesus Monkey

Although the relationship between limbic system structures and emotionality is well known, the role of the cerebellum in the control of affective behavior is not usually appreciated (Berman, 1970a, b; 1971). Involvement of the limbic system in the elaboration of emotional behavior has been demonstrated by studies such as those of Kluver and Bucy (1939), Pribram and Bagshaw (1953) and Weiskrantz (1956), in which a taming effect was reported following amygdaloidectomy in the monkey. Reduced emotionality in the monkey has also been reported following cingulectomy (Glees, Cole, Whitty, & Cairns, 1950) and postero-medial orbital frontal cortex ablations (Butter, Snyder, & McDonald, 1970).
Puritan America in the Modern World: Mission Impossible?

Reflecting the attention Parsons gave to religion in relation to modernity, this paper reinterprets the significance of the Puritan ethic in modem America. It is first argued that a crucial feature of the Reformation was the Calvinist collapse of the traditional separation of the religious and mundane spheres, which makes sacralization of the mundane as likely as secularization of the religious; a second feature was that Puritanism stresses a sharp break between members of the community and outsiders, legitimating callous or harsh treatment of the latter. The paper relates these features to two themes of importance in the development of America imprinted by a Puritan culture: "service," which Parsons early gave attention to, and "mission." Three sorts of mission are noted, beyond the initial religious one: (a) establishing a free polity, (b) harnessing the forces of nature via technology, (c) bringing a pax Americana to the world as an extension of the American covenant.
Modelling the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation, organizational integration, and programme performance in local sustainability

ABSTRACTEmpirical analyses testing the impacts of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) remain lacking in public sector research despite strong normative expectations for public managers to foster a culture of innovativeness, risk-taking, proactiveness, and accountability in their organizations. Drawing data from a nationwide survey of the US local governments, this research uses structural equation modelling to examine relationships between EO, organizational integration processes, and performance in the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) programme. The study finds that EO positively influences programme performance, but does so indirectly by enhancing knowledge sharing, interorganizational collaboration, and performance information use. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
Abstract 1789: Estrogen receptor alpha and beta gene expression in benign breast tissue of high risk premenopausal women treated with the SERM acolbifene

Background We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of a 4th generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) acolbifene as a breast cancer prevention agent in premenopausal women at high risk for development of breast cancer [Cancer Prev Res 8, December 2015]. Favorable modulation of biomarkers was observed in benign breast tissue acquired before and after intervention. This included reduction in proliferation (Ki-67 immunocytochemistry) and decreases in expression of genes that code for ERα, pS2, and PgR. While ERα is over-expressed and stimulatory in breast carcinogenesis, ERβ which would be inhibitory is down-regulated. Thus, a change in the ratio of gene expression might be most informative. We have now analyzed gene expression of ERβ so as to examine whether it, or the ratio of ERα to ERβ, may contribute to assessment of response. Methods Premenopausal women at elevated risk for breast cancer were screened by random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) performed during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Eligible women (n = 25) received 6-8 months of open-label acolbifene (20 mg/d), followed by repeat RPFNA. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed on 16 paired specimens for several genes associated with estrogen activity: estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) for ERα, trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) for pS2, GREB1 for growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1, PGR for progesterone receptor, and estrogen receptor 2 (ESR2) for ERβ. The quantity of each biomarker transcript was expressed relative to the reference transcript HPRT1. Further normalization by epithelial cell markers (KRT19 for cytokeratin 19 or CDH1 for E-Cadherin) did not materially alter the results. Results Significant changes had been previously shown for transcripts that code for pS2 (15 decreases, 1 increases; p = 0.002), ERα (11↓, 5↑; p = 0.013), and PgR (15↓, 1↑; p = 0.001); plus a suggestion of effect of GREB-1α (10↓, 6↑; p = 0.074). ERβ exhibited a general increase, but this was not statistically significant (5↓, 11↑; p = 0.24). However, the reduction of the ratio of ERα to ERβ was statistically significant (15↓, 1↑; p = 0.002). Conclusions Assessment of the ratio of gene expression for ERα to ERβ, and possibly their protein products by immunocytochemistry, may provide a useful surrogate endpoint biomarker by which to monitor response to SERMs used for breast cancer chemoprevention in premenopausal women. Supported by NO1-CN-35135. Citation Format: Bruce F. Kimler, Teresa A. Phillips, Carol J. Fabian. Estrogen receptor alpha and beta gene expression in benign breast tissue of high risk premenopausal women treated with the SERM acolbifene. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1789.
Low energy electronics: DARPA portfolio overview

Achieving significant advances in low energy electronics is a high priority for the DoD. Power efficient electronics are as or even more important to the warfighter than the commercial world. This talk will give an overview of the DARPA investment portfolio in this key technology area ranging from Programs involving advanced device concepts, to novel circuits and architectures and finally high performance computing.
Optical and XPS studies of BCN thin films by co-sputtering of B4C and BN targets

Abstract Boron carbon nitride (BCN) thin films are investigated for their optical properties. BCN, is the unanimous choice for inter-dielectric layer (IDL) in very large scale integration (VLSI) because of its low-k dielectric constant. Optical properties can be tailored as a function of elemental composition, which makes BCN a prospective material in UV-filters and mirrors. Films are deposited by reactive co-sputtering of boroncarbide (B 4 C) and boronnitride (BN) with varying N 2 /Ar gas flow ratio by DC and RF sputtering respectively. XPS studies are performed to deduce the bonding and chemical properties of the BCN thinfilms. Optical band gap (Eg) studies are performed as a result of varying target powers, gas ratios and deposition temperatures. Eg is found to increase with N 2 /Ar flow ratios and deposition temperatures. BCN deposited at 20 W DC exhibited higher band gap range and the highest achieved is 3.7 eV at N 2 /Ar = 0.75. Lowest value achieved is 1.9 eV at N 2 /Ar = 0.25 for as-deposited films.
Paint Versus Pollution—Possibilities for the Future

SummaryAnti pollution controls introduced in the USA have had a traumatic effect on both the paint user and manufacturer. Although official legislation has not yet been enacted in the UK, there is little doubt that at some time pollution controls will be forthcoming. Already we are seeing a greater interest within the industry in coatings offering reduced pollution potential. In 1974 and perhaps beyond, energy and raw material shortages will aggravate the situation and will dictate to some degree paint usage and direction of new developments. Water based paints and high solids coatings typified by powders. NADs and radiation curing systems are likely to be strong competitors under such conditions and the pros and cons of these are reviewed.
Primatology of Science: On the Birth of Actor-Network Theory from Baboon Field Observations

This article situates actor-network theory in the history of evolutionary anthropology. In the 1980s, this attempt at explaining the social through the mediation of nonhumans received important imp...
Disarmament Games With Resource

A paper by Deng and Conitzer in AAAI'17 introduces disarmament games, in which players alternatingly commit not to play certain pure strategies. However, in practice, disarmament usually does not consist in removing a strategy, but rather in removing a resource (and doing so rules out all the strategies in which that resource is used simultaneously). In this paper, we introduce a model of disarmament games in which resources, rather than strategies, are removed. We prove NP-completeness of several formulations of the problem of achieving desirable outcomes via disarmament. We then study the case where resources can be fractionally removed, and prove a result analogous to the folk theorem that all desirable outcomes can be achieved. We show that we can approximately achieve any desirable outcome in a polynomial number of rounds, though determining whether a given outcome can be obtained in a given number of rounds remains NP-complete.
Highly sensitive and specific on-site detection of serum cocaine by a low cost aptasensor

Cocaine is one of the most used illegal recreational drugs. Developing an on-site test for cocaine use detection has been a focus of research effort, since it is essential to the control and legal action against drug abuse. Currently most of cocaine detection methods are time-consuming and require special or expensive equipment, and the detection often suffers from high cross-reactivity with cocaine metabolites and relative low sensitivity with the best limit of detection reported at sub nanomolar (nM) level. In this work, an aptasensor has been developed using capacitive monitoring of sensor surface incorporating alternating current electrokinetics effects to speed up molecular transport and minimize matrix effects. The aptasensor is rapid, low cost, highly sensitive and specific as well as simple-to-use for the detection of cocaine from serum. The assay has a sample-to-result time of 30 s, a limit of detection of 7.8 fM, and a linear response for cocaine ranging from 14.5fM to 14.5pM in standard buffer, which are great improvements from other reported cocaine sensors. Special buffer is used for serum cocaine detection, and a limit of detection of 13.4 fM is experimentally demonstrated for cocaine spiked in human serum (equivalent to 1.34pM cocaine in neat serum). The specificity of the biosensor is also demonstrated with structurally similar chemicals, ecgonine ethyl ester and methylecgonidine. This biosensor shows high promise in detection of low levels of cocaine from complex matrices.
Discussions and Notes

(1942). Discussions and Notes. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 110-113.
On the Five-Moment Hamburger Maximum Entropy Reconstruction

We consider the Maximum Entropy Reconstruction (MER) as a solution to the five-moment truncated Hamburger moment problem in one dimension. In the case of five monomial moment constraints, the probability density function (PDF) of the MER takes the form of the exponential of a quartic polynomial. This implies a possible bimodal structure in regions of moment space. An analytical model is developed for the MER PDF applicable near a known singular line in a centered, two-component, third- and fourth-order moment (μ_3, μ_4) space, consistent with the general problem of five moments. The model consists of the superposition of a perturbed, centered Gaussian PDF and a small-amplitude packet of PDF-density, called the outlying moment packet (OMP), sitting far from the mean. Asymptotic solutions are obtained which predict the shape of the perturbed Gaussian and both the amplitude and position on the real line of the OMP. The asymptotic solutions show that the presence of the OMP gives rise to an MER solution that is singular along a line in ( μ_3, μ_4) space emanating from, but not including, the point representing a standard normal distribution, or thermodynamic equilibrium. We use this analysis of the OMP to develop a numerical regularization of the MER, creating a procedure we call the Hybrid MER (HMER). Compared with the MER, the HMER is a significant improvement in terms of robustness and efficiency while preserving accuracy in its prediction of other important distribution features, such as higher order moments.
Physical Activity and Adherence

There is abundant evidence supporting the health benefits of physical activity, including reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, some cancers, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, hypertension, high cholesterol, obesity, osteoarthritis, and all-cause mortality [1]. Physical activity is also associated with improved psychological health and functional status, as well as reduced health-care expenditures [2]. It has been estimated that the direct costs of physical inactivity account for approximately $24 billion, or 2.4% of US health-care expenditures [1, 2]. Furthermore, about 12% of all deaths in the USA can be attributed to physical inactivity [3].
Self Consistent Model for Tunneling Across a One Dimensional Barrier in a Many Electron System

We consider a model with two metals (modeled for the present as jellium) separated by a barrier described by a potential V(x). We show that the current density j can be fixed by adding a term H’ to the energy which is of the form: $$H' = - m\int_{ - \infty }^\infty {v(x)j(x)d^3 x}$$ where v(x) is a Lagrange multiplier function which depends on the position x. We show that v(x) may be interpreted as the hydrodynamic velocity of the electrons in the junction so that v(x) depends on the electron density n(x) as j = v(x). The expectation value of j(x) is independent of x by current conservation. The computational part of the tunneling problem is thus reduced to the self-consistent solution of the Schroedinger equation with one additional term: $$\left( {H_o - mv(x)^2 /2} \right)\varphi _p (x) = E_p \varphi _p (x)$$ This equation is solved self-consistently with boundary conditions appropriate to waves incident from the left and right (which form an orthonormal complete set when appropriately normalized). The result shows that, within this model, a finite current can pass through the barrier with no electrostatic potential drop. We will argue that this result does not depend on the local density approximation (which is the only computational approximation in the model) but is to be expected because there is no dissipative mechanism in the model.
Expression of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Across the Lifespan

In generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), both the associated symptoms and worry content have been shown to vary as a function of age (Jeste et al., 2005; Portman et al., 2011). However, few studies have conducted analyses beyond mean comparisons and no studies have examined whether the observed differences in worry content and the associated symptoms are due to the lack of measurement invariance across age groups. The current study evaluated whether the measurement and expression of GAD in adults varied as a function of age, using a clinical sample of 375 participants and dimensional measures of GAD. The sample was divided into three age groups (OLDER = 60+, MID = 40-59, YOUNG = 20-39), matched by sex and GAD status. Two associated symptoms were found to exhibit differential item functioning, overall distress/interference as well as fatigue, with higher levels distress/interference and lower levels of fatigue found in the OLDER age group despite equivalent GAD severity levels across groups. When examining the content of reported worries, differential item functioning was found in four worry domains. Holding the latent dimension of worry severity constant: (a) the YOUNG age group was found to have higher reported rate of social worries, and (b) the OLDER age group was found to have higher levels of reported worries about community/world affairs and health of self. The OLDER age group also exhibited lower levels of worry about work and school. These results are discussed with regard to the assessment of GAD across the lifespan.
Development of low-cost sodium-aqueous polysulfide hybrid batteries

Abstract There has been increasing interest in sodium-sulfur (Na-S) batteries as an option for low-cost grid-scale energy storage. However, traditional Na-S batteries operate at high temperatures, raising concerns about long-term maintenance costs and safety. On the other hand, room-temperature Na-S batteries have their own limitations, including Na dendrite formation, polysulfide shuttling, and low utilization of active material. To overcome these issues, we present here a novel low-cost room-temperature sodium-aqueous polysulfide (Na-APS) hybrid battery system with a Na-metal anode, Na+-ion solid electrolyte separator, and an aqueous polysulfide catholyte. The solid electrolyte blocks Na dendrites and polysulfide shuttling while simultaneously protecting the reactive Na metal anode from the aqueous catholyte. The redox kinetics of the APS catholyte is improved with a rational development of a freestanding CuS-CNT catalytic electrode. The improvements with the Na-APS hybrid battery compared to the traditional Na-S battery systems are discussed. The Na-APS hybrid battery displays excellent performance under a 418 mA h g−1 of sulfur capacity-restricted cycling. The battery achieves an energy efficiency of 90% over 100 cycles at 0.5 mA cm−2 current density.
A Framework for Pilot Testing Health Risk Video Narratives

Narrative messages may be superior to didactic messages when providing educational information due to their natural format for information sharing, ability to engage audiences, and engender positiv...
Patterns of Listening and Reading Skills in Visually Handicapped Students

This study compared the developmental patterns of listening and reading skills of 71 visually handicapped students in the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades of four residential schools for the blind. ...
Modulation of the Ca2+-evoked Release of Dopamine from Synaptosomes

The presynaptic regulation of dopamine release was evaluated by using 1.25 mM Ca 2+ to evoke the release of dopamine from non [K + ]-depolarized synaptosomes previously exposed to micromolar or lower [Ca 2+ ]. The IC 50 s of dopamine agonists for this “Cap 2+ -evoked” release agrees with published D 2 receptor binding data. Tetrodotoxin, which blocks voltage-sensitive (V-S) Na + channels, as well as ω-conotoxin and neomycin, which block neuronal V-S Ca 2+ channels inhibit Ca 2+ -evoked release. K + channel antagonists and elevated [K + ] increase Ca 2+ -evoked release and block D 2 modulation. In summary, Ca 2+ -evoked release is modulated by D 2 receptors and V-S ion channels and is a useful tool for evaluating changes in the presynaptic regulation of dopamine release.
Theories for Past and Future Monsoon Rainfall Changes

Long-standing biases in simulations of past and present climate states and climate model disagreement even in sign of future monsoon rainfall changes evince limitations in our theoretical understanding. The dominant theoretical paradigms for understanding monsoon rainfall—convective-quasi equilibrium (CQE), the moist static energy (MSE) budget, and monsoons as local Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) shifts—all jettison the traditional “land-sea breeze” paradigm. Summer monsoon precipitation falls when the assumptions of CQE are most satisfied but those of the ITCZ shift framework are least satisfied. Zonal asymmetries, changes in ITCZ width and strength, hydrology-vegetation-CO2 coupling, and timescale-dependent responses complicate inferences of monsoon rainfall from paleoclimate proxy records. The MSE budget framework applied to deliberately designed simulations can illuminate key mechanisms underlying monsoon responses to external forcings, presenting a path toward falsifying model projections. Sustained, rapid progress in monsoon rainfall theory is urgently needed by society and is plausible based on recent advances.
Ideal theory of infinite directed unions of local quadratic transforms

Abstract Let ( R , m ) be a regular local ring of dimension at least 2. Associated to each valuation domain birationally dominating R , there exists a unique sequence { R n } of local quadratic transforms of R along this valuation domain. We consider the situation where the sequence { R n } n ≥ 0 is infinite, and examine ideal-theoretic properties of the integrally closed local domain S = ⋃ n ≥ 0 R n . Among the set of valuation overrings of R , there exists a unique limit point V for the sequence of order valuation rings of the R n . We prove the existence of a unique minimal proper Noetherian overring T of S , and establish the decomposition S = T ∩ V . If S is archimedean, then the complete integral closure S ⁎ of S has the form S ⁎ = W ∩ T , where W is the rank 1 valuation overring of V .
Retrograde mitochondrial transport is essential for mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons

Abstract Mitochondrial transport in neurons is essential for forming and maintaining axonal projections. While much is known about anterograde mitochondrial movement, the function of retrograde mitochondrial motility in neurons was unknown. We investigated the dynamics and utility of retrograde mitochondrial transport. Using long-term tracking of mitochondria in vivo, we found mitochondria in axon terminals turnover within hours via retrograde transport. Mitochondria do not return to the cell body solely for degradation; rather, mitochondria use bidirectional transport to redistribute themselves throughout the neuron. Disruption of retrograde mitochondrial transport severely depletes the cell body of mitochondria and impacts mitochondrial health throughout the cell. Altered mitochondrial health correlates with decreased synaptic activity. Using proteomics, we provide evidence that retrograde mitochondrial movement functions to maintain the organelle’s proteome. Together, our work demonstrates that mitochondrial retrograde transport is essential for the maintenance of a homeostatic population of mitochondria in neurons and consequently effective synaptic activity through promoting mitochondrial protein turnover.
Interrogating mechanisms of ssDNA binding to a viral HUH-endonuclease by alanine scanning of an electrostatic patch

HUH endonucleases (dubbed HUH-tags) are small protein domains capable of forming covalent adducts with ssDNA in a sequence-specific manner. Because viral HUH-tags are relatively small, react quickly, and require no chemical modifications to their ssDNA substrate, they have great value as protein fusion tags in biotechnologies ranging from genetic engineering to single-molecule studies. One of the greatest assets of these tags is sequence-specificity to their unique, native Ori sequence in vivo, introducing the possibility of using multiple HUH-tags in multiplexed one-pot reactions. However, their mechanism of ssDNA sequence binding and specificity is poorly understood, and there is noted cross-reactivity between tags of closely related species. In order to understand the mechanism of ssDNA binding, we performed an alanine scan along a positively-charged patch of one such HUH-tag, replication-associated protein from Wheat Dwarf Virus (WDV Rep), and characterized the enzymatic activity in both the rate and extent of the reaction. In molecular beacon Stopped-Flow experiments, single point mutants of WDV showed a more than 60% decrease in reaction rate constant, and gel shift assays showed an almost complete lack of activity for some variants for single nucleotide ssDNA substitutions. In all, these findings help allow us to highlight key interactions in WDV-ssDNA binding, and we gain further insight into potential rational engineering of HUH-endonucleases to bind desired sequences of DNA.
Spontaneous alloparental care of unrelated offspring by non-breeding Amphiprion ocellaris in absence of the biological parents

Many species display alloparental care, where individuals care for offspring that are not their own, but usually the behavior is contingent on the individual receiving some direct or indirect benefit. In anemonefish, after removing the breeding male, non-breeders have been observed providing care for eggs they did not sire and which are not kin. Previously this behavior was interpreted as coerced by the female. The purpose of this study was to test the alternative hypothesis that the alloparental care occurs spontaneously without prodding by the female. Groups of Amphiprion ocellaris (male, female and non-breeder) were maintained in the laboratory and behavior monitored after removing the male and both the male and female. Non-breeders began to care for eggs after male removal and further increased parental care after male and female removal. Level of care was not as high as experienced males, but additional experiments showed performance increases with experience. In a separate experiment, non-breeders were placed alone in a novel aquarium and eggs from an established spawning pair were introduced. Approximately 30% of the fish displayed extensive fathering behavior within 90 min. Taken together, our results demonstrate that fathering behavior in A. ocellaris occurs spontaneously, independent of paternity or kinship.
New Rule to Incorporate Inspection Errors in Process Control Using Markov Chains

A number of authors have considered the procedure of online process control in which every hth item produced is inspected. The process is judged to be in control and continues if the inspected item...
Ventricular Tachycardia Storm in a Patient Treated With Ibrutinib for Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia.

A 68-year-old Caucasian man with a history of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) on treatment with ibrutinib for 2 years presented with syncope. He had no prior cardiovascular history or risk factors. On the day of presentation, he had an episode of dizziness followed by a sudden loss of
US Radiation Oncologists (Re)Defined: An American Society for Radiation Oncology Scope of Practice Study.

Purpose To assess US radiation oncologists’ views on practice scope and the ideal role of the radiation oncologist (RO), the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) conducted a scope of practice survey. Methods and Materials In spring 2019, ASTRO distributed an online survey to 3822 US RO members. The survey generated 984 complete responses (26% response rate) for analysis. Face validity testing confirmed respondents were representative of ASTRO’s RO membership. Results Nearly all respondents agreed that “ROs should be leaders in oncologic care.” Respondents indicated the ideal approach to patient care was to provide “an independent opinion on radiation therapy and other treatment options” (82.5%) or “an independent opinion on radiation therapy but not outside of it” (16.1%), with only 1.4% favoring provision of “radiation therapy at the request of the referring physician” as the ideal approach. Actual practice fully matched the ideal approach in 18.2% of respondents. For the remaining majority, actual practice did not always match the ideal and comprised a mix of approaches that included providing radiation at the referring physician’s request 24.0% of the time on average. Reasons for the mismatch included fear of alienating referring physicians and concern for offering an unwelcome opinion. One-fifth of respondents expressed a desire to expand the scope of service though interspecialty politics and insufficient training were potential barriers. Respondents interested in expanding scope of practice were on average earlier in their career (average years in practice 13.3) than those who were not interested (average years in practice 17.2, P Conclusions These results provide insight regarding US ROs’ scope of practice and attitudes on the ideal role of the RO. For most ROs, to provide an independent opinion on treatment options represented the ideal approach to care, but barriers such as concern of alienating referring physicians prevented many from fully adhering to their ideal in practice. Actual practice commonly comprised a mixed approach, including the least favored scenario of delivering radiation at the referring physician’s request one-quarter of the time, highlighting the influence of interspecialty politics on practice behavior. Advocacy for open communication and meaningful interdisciplinary collaboration presents an actionable solution toward a more balanced relationship with other specialties as ROs strive to better fulfill the vision of being leaders in oncologic care and being our best for our patients. The study also identified interest in expanding into nontraditional domains that offer opportunities to address unmet needs in the cancer patient’s journey and elevate radiation oncology within the increasingly value-based US health care system.
Ozonation as a pretreatment for nanofiltration: Effect of oxidation pathway on the permeate flux

Abstract This study explored effects of feed water pre-ozonation via two distinct oxidation pathways (reactions with molecular O3 or with radical species as primary oxidants) on the permeate flux during nanofiltration of synthetic humic acid solutions. Twenty treatment scenarios corresponding to different combinations of pre-ozonation pH, calcium concentration and ozone dosage were tested. Changes in the permeate flux of NF90 membranes were interpreted in terms of physicochemical characteristics of feed organics produced by different pre-treatments. The apparent trends in permeate flux depended mostly on calcium concentration and ozone dosage and not on the ozonation mechanism. However, feed waters pre-treated via different oxidation pathways differed significantly in terms of foulant charge, hydrophilicity and concentration, and produced fouling layers with different specific permeabilities. The reduction of NF90 membrane fouling was attributed in part to higher charge and hydrophilicity of ozonated foulants and, in the case of the oxidation by radical species, to partial mineralization of feed organics.
Reliability and concurrent and construct validity of the Strategies for Weight Management measure for adults

Summary Introduction This study evaluates the reliability and validity of the strategies for weight management (SWM) measure, a questionnaire that assesses weight management strategies for adults. The SWM includes 20 items that are categorized within the following subscales: (1) energy intake, (2) energy expenditure, (3) self-monitoring, and (4) self-regulation. Methods Baseline and 6-month data were collected from 404 overweight/obese adults (mean age = 22 ± 3.8 years, 68% ethnic minority) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial aiming to reduce weight by improving diet and physical activity behaviours. Reliability and validity were assessed for each subscale separately. Cronbach alpha was conducted to assess reliability. Concurrent, construct I (sensitivity to the study treatment condition), and construct II (relationship to the outcomes) validity were assessed using linear regressions with the following outcome measures: weight, self-reported diet, and weekly energy expenditure. Results All subscales showed strong internal consistency. The strength of the validity evidence depended on subscale and validity type. The strongest validity evidence was concurrent validity of the energy intake and energy expenditure subscales; construct I validity of the energy intake and self-monitoring subscales; and construct II validity of the energy intake, energy expenditure, and self-regulation subscales. Conclusions Results indicate that the SWM can be used to assess weight management strategies among an ethnically diverse sample of adults as each subscale showed evidence of reliability and select types of validity. As validity is an accumulation of evidence over multiple studies, this study provides initial reliability and validity evidence in one population segment.
Political Confucianism and the Politics of Confucian Studies

Through the 1980s Confucian studies in the United States tended to present Confucianism as compatible with liberal democratic values. Since the 1990s, after the rise of China as a global power, Confucianism is increasingly defended as a political alternative to liberal and democratic values. This essay argues that Confucianism is not compatible with liberal democratic values, and that the rise of political Confucianism opposed to liberal democracy is a return to a more authentic Confucianism. Furthermore, it is argued that the defense of this undemocratic and illiberal Confucianism in the West, notably by Stephen C. Angle and Daniel A. Bell, reflects and reveals the precarious state of democracy in our present historical moment.
Menstrual dysfunction due to emotional factors.

A MENORRHEA and abnormal bleeding constitute two of the most frequently encountered symptoms in gynecologic practice. Evidence has accumulated within the past decade to suggest that menstrual abnormalities may be caused not only by organic, but also by emotional factors, and that, when the latter are primary, surgery and endocrine treatment are often useless. In such cases, therapy must be directed to the cause rather than to the symptoms; in other words, the person presenting the abnormality of menstruation, rather than her organs, becomes the object of therapy.
After pain comes joy: identity gaps in employees ' minds

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to bridge the theory of organisational identity and the practice of HR management. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper starts from the fundamental questions about employees ' defining-self in workplaces. Specifically, this paper examines the organisational identity by adopting a process model of sensemaking which assumes a dynamic cycle between the sensebreaking and sensegiving activities. Based on this, this paper develops and provides a practical framework for HR practitioners and a theoretical implication for academic researchers. Findings – The author introduces the concept of identity gaps, a relatively under researched area in the social identity literature and HR management. Then, three types of identity gaps are identified: individual-individual gaps, organisational-organisational gaps, and individual-organisational gaps. Based on this categorization, this paper shows the matching HR practices for each type one by one. Originality/value – Toda...
Application of active spaceborne remote sensing for understanding biases between passive cloud water path retrievals

Bias between the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS (AMSR-E) version 2 and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) collection 5.1 cloud liquid water path (Wc) products are explored with the aid of coincident active observations from the CloudSat radar and the CALIPSO lidar. In terms of detection, the active observations provide precise separation of cloudy from clear sky and precipitating from nonprecipitating clouds. In addition, they offer a unique quantification of precipitation water path (Wp) in warm clouds. They also provide an independent quantification of Wc that is based on an accurate surface reference technique, which is an independent arbiter between the two passive approaches. The results herein establish the potential for CloudSat and CALIPSO to provide an independent assessment of bias between the conventional passive remote sensing methods from reflected solar and emitted microwave radiation. After applying a common data filter to the observations to account for sampling biases, AMSR-E is biased high relative to MODIS in the global mean by 26.4 gm−2. The RMS difference in the regional patterns is 32.4 gm−2, which highlights a large geographical dependence in the bias which is related to the tropical transitions from stratocumulus to cumulus cloud regimes. The contributions of four potential sources for this bias are investigated by exploiting the active observations: (1) bias in MODIS related to solar zenith angle dependence accounts for −2.3 gm−2, (2) bias in MODIS due to undersampling of cloud edges accounts for 4.2 gm−2, (3) a wind speed and water vapor-dependent “clear-sky biase” in the AMSR-E retrieval accounts for 6.3 gm−2, and (4) evidence suggests that much of the remaining 18 gm−2 bias is related to the assumed partitioning of the observed emission signal between cloud and precipitation water in the AMSR-E retrieval. This is most evident through the correlations between the regional mean patterns of Wp and the Wc bias within the latitudes of 30°N and 30°S, suggesting that the assumption of a regionally invariant cloud/precipitation partitioning in the AMSR-E algorithm is the likely causal factor.
A Review of “Rural People and Communities in the 21st Century: Resilience and Transformation"

With over 50 percent of world population now living in urban environments, people's connections to and interactions with rural areas have become somewhat obscured. This is especially true in the Un...