cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The first asymmetric catalytic halo aldol reaction of β-iodo allenoates with aldehydes by using chiral salen catalyst

Abstract The first asymmetric catalytic halo aldol reaction of β-iodo allenoates with aldehydes was established. The reaction was successfully achieved by using ( R , R )-SalenAlCl as the chiral catalyst and LiI as an additive at 0 °C in dichloromethane. Moderate to good yields and up to 62% ee were obtained. The new system showed a good substrate scope in which both aromatic aldehydes and aliphatic aldehydes can be employed. The reaction provided the first catalytic and enantioselective approach to chiral β-iodo Baylis–Hillman ester adducts.
More modular invariant anomalous U(1) breaking

We consider the case of several scalar fields, charged under a number of U(1) factors, acquiring vacuum expectation values due to anomalous U(1). We demonstrate how to make redefinitions at the superfield level in order to account for tree-level exchange of vector supermultiplets in the effective supergravity theory of the light fields in the supersymmetric vacuum phase. Our approach builds up on previous results that we obtained in a more elementary case. We find that the modular weights of light fields are typically shifted from their original values, allowing an interpretation in terms of the preservation of modular invariance in the effective theory. We address various subtleties in defining unitary gauge that are associated with the noncanonical Kahler potential of modular invariant supergravity, the vacuum degeneracy, and the role of the dilaton field. We discuss the effective superpotential for the light fields and note how proton decay operators may be obtained when the heavy fields are integrated out of the theory at the tree-level. We also address how our formalism may be extended to describe the generalized Green-Schwarz mechanism for multiple anomalous U(1)'s that occur in four-dimensional Type I and Type IIB string constructions.
The Paradox of International Justice Compliance

1 This article explores a fundamental paradox of international justice compliance. Under conditions of strong international pressures and low domestic demand for justice, domestic political elites use international tools and institutions designed to bring justice and provide reconciliation for very different local purposes, such as getting rid of domestic political opponents, obtaining international financial aid or as a proxy for admission to such prestigious international organizations as the European Union. To explain theoretically the domestic political use of international justice, the article introduces a new theoretical approach to international justice compliance. It first presents two kinds of international pressures to which states are subjected: coercive and symbolic. It then identifies specific domestic political conditions that influence which strategy of compliance domestic actors undertake and what consequences these alternative strategies have for international justice policy outcomes. The theoretical model is illustrated with empirical evidence from Serbian and Croatian compliance with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).
Three-dimensional Dynamics of Narrow Planetary Rings

Narrow planetary rings are eccentric and inclined. Particles within a given ring must therefore share the same pericenter and node. We solve for the three-dimensional geometries and mass distributions that enable the Uranian α- and β-rings and the Saturnian Maxwell and Colombo (Titan) rings to maintain simultaneous apsidal and nodal lock. Ring self-gravity, interparticle collisions, and the quadrupole field of the host planet balance each other to achieve this equilibrium. We prove that such an equilibrium is linearly stable. Predictions for the Saturnian ringlets to be tested by the Cassini spacecraft include (1) ringlet masses are of order a few × 1019 g, (2) surface mass densities should increase from ring midline to ring edges, and (3) rings are vertically warped such that the fractional variation of inclination across the ring is of order 10%. Analogous predictions are made for the Uranian rings. Simultaneous apsidal and nodal locking forces the narrowest portion of the ring—its "pinch," where self-gravitational and collisional forces are strongest—to circulate relative to the node and introduces previously unrecognized time-varying forces perpendicular to the planet's equator plane. We speculate that such periodic stressing might drive kilometer-scale bending waves at a frequency twice that of apsidal precession; such flexing might be observed over a few weeks by Cassini.
Effects of the configuration interaction on the K-Shell auger spectrum of neon

Abstract New calculations based on the nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock-Slater model, incorporating interaction between the final states (1s 2 2s 0 sp 6 1 S 0 ) and (1s 2 2s 2 2p 4 1 ), are presented for neon. These theoretical results remove an outstanding disagreement between earlier theoretical calculations and the high-resolution measurements.
Novel Common Structural Feature among Several Classes of Antimalarial Agents

Abstract Sir: A common triangular feature among certain antimalarial cinchona alkaloids, aminoalcohols, and 2-( p -chlorophenyl)-2-(4-piperidyl)tetrahydrofuran was recently proposed from this laboratory (1). The components as well as parameters involved in this pharmacophore are interestingly similar to those proposed for α-adrenergic receptor features (2).
Phase-locked loops

An attempt to systematically outline the work done in the area of phase-locked loops which are now used in modern communication system design is presented. The analog phase-locked loops are well documented in several books but discrete, analog-digital, and digital. phase-locked loop work is scattered. Apart from discussing the various analysis, design, and application aspects of phase-locked loops, a number of references are given in the bibliography.
In reference to "The value of resident presentations at scientific meetings".

In Reference to “The Value of Resident Presentations at Scientific Meetings” We would like to thank the editors of major otolaryngology journals for their insightful editorial entitled “The Value of Resident Presentations at Scientific Meetings” published in The Laryngoscope and other prominent otolaryngologic journals.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 We strongly agree about the importance of encouraging research among residents and that poster presentations are an effective way to involve residents at scientific meetings and in the peer review process. Encouraging residents to apply for external sources of research support, such as those offered by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation Centralized Otolaryngology Research Efforts (CORE) grant program is also important. In addition to decreasing the financial burden on departments, CORE grants are associated with greater scholarly impact and subsequent National Institutes of Health funding support.15 In addition to the valuable points raised regarding resident participation in the editorial just cited,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 we would like to emphasize the value of encouraging and guiding medical student scholarly activity. In our experience, collaborating with medical students on projects ranging from basic to more clinically oriented studies helps build the interest and skill set that make it more likely that they will enthusiastically pursue research activity during residency training. It is also helpful to them in their pursuit of competitive residency positions. Our recent analysis examining authorship trends in The Laryngoscope and International Forum of Allergy and Rhinology reveals medical students may be underinvolved, and it suggests tangible benefits to the faculty collaborating with students because there is an association between greater scholarly impact and collaborating with nondoctoral authors in these journals.16 Regardless of what level of training one is at, we strongly agree with, support, and praise the editors' valuable points that supporting current trainees in scholarly pursuits is crucial for the continued advancement of our specialty.
Electron-active silicon oxidation

Visible and ultraviolet light was employed in a series of refining experiments to reveal the kinetics of photon-enhanced oxidation of silicon. The experimental evidence then gave rise to an electron-active silicon oxidation process involving electron emission from Si into SiO2 moderating the dissociation of molecular oxygen near the interface. Photonicallystimulated oxidation enhancement then straightforwardly derives from an enhanced level of electron emission. This simple model helps to clarify normal dry thermal oxidation growth kinetics, as well as thin oxide rapid growth behavior and the charged-versus-neutral oxidant controversy. Finally, attention is called to the not generally recognized but likely role that secondary electron emission from surfaces may play in moderating the chemistry of various electron, ion and photon beam-induced surface reactions.
Six- versus Five-Membered Ring Formation in Radical Cyclizations of 7-Bromo-Substituted Hexahydroindolinones

Radical cyclization of N-allyl-7-bromo-3a-methyl-hexahydroindol-2-one affords a six-membered ring product that prevails over the isomeric five-membered compound. The former product is generated through two reaction pathways: (a) 6-endo-trig ring closure and (b) rearrangement of an intermediate methylenecyclopentyl radical obtained by 5-exo-trig cyclization.
Phase structure of a two-fluid bosonic system

Abstract The phase diagram of a two-fluid bosonic system is investigated. The proton–neutron interacting boson model (IBM-2) possesses a rich phase structure involving three control parameters and multiple order parameters. The surfaces of quantum phase transition between spherical, axially symmetric deformed, and SU π ν ∗ ( 3 ) triaxial phases are determined, and the evolution of classical equilibrium properties across these transitions is investigated. Spectroscopic observables are considered in relation to the phase diagram.
The Distribution of Gaps for Saddle Connection Directions

Motivated by the study of billiards in polygons, we prove fine results for the distribution of gaps of directions of saddle connections on translation surfaces. As an application we prove that for almost every holomorphic differential ω on a Riemann surface of genus g ≥ 2 the smallest gap between saddle connection directions of length at most a fixed length decays faster than quadratically in the length. We also characterize the exceptional set: the decay rate is not faster than quadratic if and only if ω is a lattice surface.
Issues in the design of relational model management systems

One component of the literature on model management in decision support systems (DSSs) suggests that the relational framework for data management be extended to the management of decision models. This paper examines three important design issues in relational model management: the organization of relational model banks, relational completeness of model query languages, and system implementation.
Introduction to cognitive musicology

(1989). Introduction to cognitive musicology. Journal of Musicological Research: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 1-22.
Invariance of plurigenera

In this paper we give a proof of the following long conjectured result on the invariance of the plurigenera. Main Theorem. Let p : X ! D be a smooth projective family of compact complex manifolds parametrized by the open unit 1-disk D. Assume that the ®bers Xt  py1 t, t 2 D, are of general type. Then for every positive integer m the plurigenus dimC C Xt;mKXt is independent of t 2 D, where KXt is the canonical line bundle of Xt.
Unusual rapid hydroboration of alkenes using diborane in chlorohydrocarbon solvents

Abstract Diborane dissolves in chlorohydrocarbon solvents, such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane to form ∼0.5 M solutions of B 2 H 6 . In these solutions, diborane is in equilibrium with solvent–BH 3 adducts (8–15%) and these solutions hydroborate representative olefins almost instantaneously, even at −16°C. The alcohol products can be obtained by standard oxidation of these organoboranes.
Nonadiabatic couplings and incipience of quantum chaos

The quantization of the electronic two site system interacting with a vibration is considered by using as the integrable reference system the decoupled oscillators resulting from the adiabatic approximation. A specific Bloch projection method is applied which demonstrates how besides some regular regions in the fine structure of the spectrum and the associated eigenvectors irregularities appear when passing from the low to the high coupling case. At the same time even for strong coupling some of the regular structure of the spectrum rooted in the adiabatic potentials is kept intact justifying the classification of this situation as incipience of quantum chaos.
Binaural interaction in backward masking

The binaural auditory system exhibits certain advantages over the monaural system when detecting a tonal signal in a background of masking noise. These advantages have been described in detail and are referred to as masking-level differences, or MLDs. It has been demonstrated, for example, that performance in detecting a tonal signal that has been reversed in phase at one ear relative to the other ear is about 15–17 dB better than detection of the same signal in-phase at the two ears when masked by moderately intense masking noise that is in-phase at the two ears. The explanations for this phenomenon fall into two general categories, and both types of explanations are based upon the interaction of the tonal signal and masker when they are added together. In the present paper, data are presented which indicate that an MLD of at least 4–5 dB can be obtained in a binaural masking experiment in which the offset of the tonal signal precedes the onset of the noise masker.
Modeling deep inelastic cross sections in the few GeV region

Abstract We present preliminary results on simple modifications and corrections to GRV94 leading order parton distribution functions such that they can be used to model electron,muon and neutrino deep-inelastic scattering cross sections at low energies.
Intergenerational Transfers and the Fertility–Income Relationship

Evidence from cross-sectional data reveals a negative relationship between family income and fertility. This article argues that constraints to intergenerational transfers are crucial for understanding this relationship. If parents could legally impose debt obligations on their children to recover the costs incurred in raising them, then fertility would be independent of parental income. A relationship between fertility and income arises when parents are unable to leave debts because of legal, enforcement or moral constraints. This relationship is negative when the intergenerational elasticity of substitution is larger than one, a case in which parental consumption is a good substitute for children's consumption
CATALYTIC PROPARGYLATION OF ALDEHYDES WITH ALLENYLTRIBUTYLSTANNANE BY YTTERBIUM TRIFLATE

Abstract The first ytterbium triflate [Yb(OTf) 3 ]-catalyzed propargylation of various aldehydes with allenyltributylstannane to afford homopropargyl alcohols in good yields is described. The present result provides a versatile tool for preparation of an array of homopropargyl alcohols from the reaction of aldehydes with allenyltributylstannane; which are known to possess low reactivity.
Splitting of inviscid fluxes for real gases

Flux-vector and flux-difference splittings for the inviscid terms of the compressible flow equations are derived under the assumption of a general equation of state for a real gas in equilibrium. No necessary assumptions, approximations for auxiliary quantities are introduced. The formulas derived include several particular cases known for ideal gases and readily apply to curvilinear coordinates. Applications of the formulas in a TVD algorithm to one-dimensional shock-tube and nozzle problems show their quality and robustness.
Invariance of tautological equations II: Gromov-Witten theory

where C? are connected components of C, C Uf=1C{. By the definition given in [16], the curves in the image of t/ have at most one more connected component. Therefore, the connected components of the image curves would have either smaller genus or the same genus but less marked points than those of the domain curves. It is therefore easy to see that these operators give an algorithm in producing tautological relations inductively. This was explained in Part I. In Part II, the focus moves to Gromov-Witten theory. One of the main themes of the current work is to study the interplay between Gromov-Witten theory and the moduli of curves. The idea of studying and utilizing this interaction is not new. One such example is given by the localization technique in Gromov-Witten theory. The fixed point loci on moduli of stable maps to projective spaces are moduli of curves (or more precisely their quotients by finite groups). Therefore, the known results on moduli of curves can be used to calculate Gromov-Witten invariants.
Numerical Study of Transonic Drag Reduction for Flow Past Airfoils Using Active Flow Control

The objective of this paper is to evaluate, via numerical simulation, the feasibility of weakening the shock wave(s) and reducing the pockets of supersonic regions on airfoils/wings in transonic flight using active flow control (AFC) devices such as synthetic jet actuators (SJA), and thereby achieving the desired changes in aerodynamic forces and moments. Most importantly, it is shown that both the enhancement in lift and reduction in drag can be achieved by using multiple synthetic jet actuators suitably placed on the upper surface of the airfoil.
PIC and its progeny

Abstract The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method was developed to solve numerically for the strongly contorting dynamics of several materials in two or three space dimensions. Related numerical techniques with Lagrangian marker particles are also discussed in this brief survey. An extensive bibliography lists many of the earlier publications describing these techniques.
Transfer-function realization for multipliers of the Arveson space

Abstract An interesting and recently much studied generalization of the classical Schur class is the class of contractive operator-valued multipliers for the reproducing kernel Hilbert space H ( k d ) on the unit ball B d ⊂ C d , where k d is the positive kernel k d ( λ , ζ ) = 1 / ( 1 − 〈 λ , ζ 〉 ) on B d . We study this space from the point of view of realization theory and functional models of de Branges–Rovnyak type. We highlight features which depart from the classical univariate case: coisometric realizations have only partial uniqueness properties, the nonuniqueness can be described explicitly, and this description assumes a particularly concrete form in the functional-model context.
Cortical Temporal Dynamics of Visually Guided Behavior

Little is known about the temporal dynamics of cortical activation during visually guided behavior. We measured changes in brain activity in human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and premotor cortex (PMC) during saccades and visually guided reaching using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and novel time-frequency reconstructions of MEG (tfMEG) data. Results indicate that early high-gamma activity over the frontal eye fields (FEFs) was present during saccade preparation, and high-gamma activity progressed from the supplementary and FEFs to visual cortex during saccade execution. In contrast, early high-gamma activity over dorsal PMC and late beta activity in primary motor cortex and PPC were unique to reach preparation. During reaching, high-gamma activity progressed from sensorimotor cortex and PMC to parietooccipital cortex. These unique spatial-temporal processing patterns reflect the known connectivity of 2 different sensorimotor networks in macaques. The onset and duration of activity in these areas provides direct evidence for concurrent serial and parallel processing in the human brain during the integration of the sensorimotor inputs necessary for visually guided performance.
On the classification of fusion rings

The fusion rules and modular matrix of a rational conformal field theory obey a list of properties. We use these properties to classify rational conformal field theories with not more than six primary fields and small values of the fusion coefficients. We give a catalogue of fusion rings which can arise for these field theories. It is shown that all such fusion rules can be realized by current algebras. Our results support the conjecture that all rational conformal field theories are related to current algebras.
Load profiling in distributed real-time systems

Abstract Load balancing is often used to ensure that nodes in a distributed systems are equally loaded. In this paper, we show that for real-time systems, load balancing is not desirable. In particular, we propose a new load-profiling strategy that allows the nodes of a distributed system to be unequally loaded. Using load profiling, the system attempts to distribute the load amongst its nodes so as to maximize the chances of finding a node that would satisfy the computational needs of incoming real-time tasks. To that end, we describe and evaluate a distributed load-profiling protocol for dynamically scheduling time-constrained tasks in a loosely-coupled distributed environment. When a task is submitted to a node, the scheduling software tries to schedule the task locally so as to meet its deadline. If that is not feasible, it tries to locate another node where this could be done with a high probability of success, while attempting to maintain an overall load profile for the system. Nodes in the system inform each other about their state using a combination of multicasting and gossiping. The performance of the proposed protocol is evaluated via simulation, and is contrasted to other dynamic scheduling protocols for real-time distributed systems. Based on our findings, we argue that keeping a diverse availability profile and using passive bidding (through gossiping) are both advantageous to distributed scheduling for real-time systems.
A biomimetic-like radical approach to furanoditerpenes

Abstract A highly stereoselective oxidative free-radical cyclization of polyene 9 has been demonstrated as a one step entry to a complex tricarbocyclic synthon 10 which contains five crucial stereogenic centers. An entry to the spongian and marginatane furanoditerpenes has been realized from synthon 10 .
Radiation and a dynamical UV/IR connection in AdS/CFT

We compute holographically the expectation value of the energy density sourced, in a strongly-coupled CFT, by a quark with large but finite mass (or equivalently, small but finite Compton radius) undergoing arbitrary motion. The resulting gluonic profile has two surprising features in the far region. First, besides the expected radiation, it contains a component that is attributable to the ‘intrinsic’ or ‘near’ field of the quark, and nevertheless falls off as the square of the distance. Second, even at distances much larger than the size of the quark, it differs from the profile set up by a pointlike quark. We explain how this second feature provides a useful case study for the UV/IR connection in a dynamical setting. We also examine some specific sample trajectories, including uniform circular motion and harmonic oscillation, where features such as the extent of the region with negative energy are found to vary with the quark mass.
A 375-nanosecond main memory system utilizing 7-mil cores

It has been postulated that ferrite and thin film memories should have approximately the same ultimate speed limits. For this to be true in the case of conventional toroids, it is clear that the storage element must be made smaller and the storage array made more compact without increasing noise.
Comparing Simulations of Rising Flux Tubes Through the Solar Convection Zone with Observations of Solar Active Regions: Constraining the Dynamo Field Strength

We study how active-region-scale flux tubes rise buoyantly from the base of the convection zone to near the solar surface by embedding a thin flux tube model in a rotating spherical shell of solar-like turbulent convection. These toroidal flux tubes that we simulate range in magnetic field strength from 15 kG to 100 kG at initial latitudes of 1∘ to 40∘ in both hemispheres. This article expands upon Weber, Fan, and Miesch (Astrophys. J. 741, 11, 2011) (Article 1) with the inclusion of tubes with magnetic flux of 1020 Mx and 1021 Mx, and more simulations of the previously investigated case of 1022 Mx, sampling more convective flows than the previous article, greatly improving statistics. Observed properties of active regions are compared to properties of the simulated emerging flux tubes, including: the tilt of active regions in accordance with Joy’s Law as in Article 1, and in addition the scatter of tilt angles about the Joy’s Law trend, the most commonly occurring tilt angle, the rotation rate of the emerging loops with respect to the surrounding plasma, and the nature of the magnetic field at the flux tube apex. We discuss how these diagnostic properties constrain the initial field strength of the active-region flux tubes at the bottom of the solar convection zone, and suggest that flux tubes of initial magnetic field strengths of ≥ 40 kG are good candidates for the progenitors of large (1021 Mx to 1022 Mx) solar active regions, which agrees with the results from Article 1 for flux tubes of 1022 Mx. With the addition of more magnetic flux values and more simulations, we find that for all magnetic field strengths, the emerging tubes show a positive Joy’s Law trend, and that this trend does not show a statistically significant dependence on the magnetic flux.
Assessing K-12 Pre-Engineering Outreach Programs*

Motivated by a desire to excite K-12 students about the joys of engineering and spark their interest in pre-engineering subjects, the Integrated Teaching and Learning (ITL) Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder has developed a pre-engineering outreach program targeted at K-12 teachers and students. To supplement anecdotal success indicators, ITL developed several assessment tools to measure the impact of these programs. Assessment strategies consist of three key components: 1) assessment of workshop participant feedback (teachers and students), 2) assessment of long-term outcomes (teachers), and 3) assessment tools developed for the teachers' classroom use (i.e., embedded assessment). This paper reviews the process used to develop the assessment plans and tools. Examples of the tools used to assess participant feedback and preliminary outcomes are provided. Additionally, the process used to develop embedded assessment tools is described, including development of performance criteria and assessment tools that are linked to the learning goals, objectives, and K-12 State educational standards.
Gyroscopes and charge control for the Relativity Mission Gravity Probe B

The most demanding goal of the Gravity Probe B Relativity Mission (GP-B) is the measurement of the parametrized post-Newtonian parameter γ to one part in 105. This goal requires a total experimental accuracy of ≤ 0.044 marcsec/yr. Analysis of and results from 100,000 hours of gyroscope operation on the ground show that the residual Newtonian drift will be < 0.17 marcsec/yr for a supported gyroscope in 10−9 m/s2, and < 0.020 marcsec/yr for an unsupported gyroscope in a fully inertial orbit. The expected error due to gyroscope drift is thus consistent with the measurement goal. The main gyroscope disturbance caused by cosmic radiation is charging of the rotor. A force modulation technique allows measurement of the charge of the gyroscope rotor to about 5 pC, while bipolar charge control to 10 pC is achieved using electrons generated by UV photoemission.
Variational asymptotic micromechanics modeling of heterogeneous piezoelectric materials

Abstract In this paper, a new micromechanics model is developed to predict the effective properties and local fields of heterogeneous piezoelectric materials using the variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH), a recently developed micromechanics modeling technique. Starting from the total electric enthalpy of the heterogenous continuum, we formulate the micromechanics model as a constrained minimization problem using the variational asymptotic method. To handle realistic microstructures in engineering applications, we implement this new model using the finite element method. For validation, a few examples are used to demonstrate the application and accuracy of this theory and the companion computer program – VAMUCH.
Nanocrystalline silicon - From disordered insulator to dirty metal

Abstract Selected results of a study of the metal-insulator transition in n-type nanocrystalline Si:H,F down to T ≈ 30 K are presented. The transition occurs around an electron density of 1 × 10 19 cm −3 . On the insulator side, hopping conduction in a parabolic density of states near the Fermi level dominates below room temperature. On the metallic side, the conductivity reflects electron-electron interactions, with a temperature dependence of T 1 2 at temperatures less than 270 K.
Heat-resistant optical fiber sensor module for condition monitoring

We studied the optical fiber sensor module that can detect the strain occurred by cracks and deformation of construction not only at normal temperature environment but also at high temperature environment.
Exploring Economic Models Using Excel

This paper applies spreadsheet software to intermediate-level consumer theory concepts. Spreadsheets help make the concepts more accessible while allowing students to explore the ideas in more depth. Areas of application are utility functions, income and substitution effects, price indices, measures of welfare change, and the optimal saving rate. We chose the examples to stimulate awareness and discussion of the many classroom uses for four important Excel spreadsheet tools: three-dimensional (3-D) graphs, iteration, Goal Seek, and Solver. This paper uses spreadsheet software to explore a series of consumer theory examples appropriate to intermediate-level economics classes. The paper also illustrates how spreadsheets can make some advanced topics more accessible to students, thereby helping to bridge the gap between undergraduate and graduate education in economics.' The examples pertain to important topic areas in consumer theory: utility functions, substitution and income effects, price indices, measures of welfare change, and the optimal aggregate saving rate. A web-based supplement accompanies this paper and includes additional examples pertaining to cost minimization, oligopoly models, IS-LM and aggregate supply-aggregate demand models, and the Solow growth model. This supplement is available on the Internet at http:// sterling.holycross.edu/ departments/economics/mcahill/sejpaper.html. The examples in the supplement draw on the same Excel tools that the paper presents.2 The web supplement also contains student instruction
Investigations of Zeros near the Central Point of Elliptic Curve L-Functions

We explore the effect of zeros at the central point on nearby zeros of elliptic-curve L-functions, especially for one-parameter families of rank r over Q. By the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture and Silverman’s specialization theorem, for t sufficiently large the L-function of each curve Et in the family has r zeros (called the family zeros) at the central point. We observe experimentally a repulsion of the zeros near the central point, and the repulsion increases with r. There is greater repulsion in the subset of curves of rank r +2 than in the subset of curves of rank r in a rank-r family. For curves with comparable conductors, the behavior of rank-2 curves in a rank-0 one-parameter family over Q is statistically different from that of rank-2 curves from a rank-2 family. In contrast to excess-rank calculations, the repulsion decreases markedly as the conductors increase, and we conjecture that the r family zeros do not repel in the limit. Finally, the differences between adjacent normalized zeros near the central point are statistically independent of the repulsion, family rank, and rank of the curves in the subset. Specifically, the differences between adjacent normalized zeros are statistically equal for all curves investigated with rank 0, 2 ,o r4 and comparable conductors from one-parameter families of rank 0 or 2 over Q.
Evaluating the Effects of Deposit Dollarization in Financial Intermediation in Transition Economies

The dollarization of bank deposits in developing economies may result in a currency mismatch in domestic banking activities, as recent literature has suggested. This may, in return, increase financial fragility, create balance sheet problems, and affect bank profitability in such economies. This paper empirically tests the effect of dollarization on bank performance in nine dollarized transition economies. We fail to find empirical evidence to support the assertions of the currency mismatch theory. Our results suggest that though there is no direct link between bank profitability and dollarization in these economies, the high level of deposit dollarization lowers the level of provisions set aside for banks' loan losses.
Thermal coupling apparatus for electroexplosive devices

This paper describes the equipment for nondestructive testing of electroexplosive devices using a thermal coupling technique. The technique utilizes a self-balancing bridge to apply a nominal amount of power to the bridge wire of the device. The bridge wire behaving as a thermal sensor detects heat flow into the device when heat is preferentially directed down the center of the explosive column toward the bridge wire. Thermal equilibrium is upset and the change in power from the self-balancing bridge is measured directly in watts. Faults such as omissions, incorrect materials, contamination, and so on, can be detected by observing the rate of heat flow to the bridge wire. The response is indicative of the thermal resistance and diffusivity of the system. The paper also presents data on electroexplosive devices loaded with inert and explosive materials.
Distributed Interference Management Policies for Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks

We study the problem of distributed interference management in a network of heterogeneous small cells with different cell sizes, different numbers of user equipments (UEs) served, and different throughput requirements by UEs. We consider the uplink transmission, where each UE determines when and at what power level it should transmit to its serving small cell base station (SBS). We propose a general framework for designing distributed interference management policies, which exploits weak interference among non-neighboring UEs by letting them transmit simultaneously (i.e., spatial reuse), while eliminating strong interference among neighboring UEs by letting them transmit in different time slots. The design of optimal interference management policies has two key steps. Ideally, we need to find all the subsets of non-interfering UEs i.e., the maximal independent sets (MISs) of the interference graph, but this is computationally intractable even when solved in a centralized manner. Then, to maximize some given network performance criterion subject to UEs' minimum throughput requirements, we need to determine the optimal fraction of time occupied by each MIS, which requires global information (e.g., all the UEs' throughput requirements and channel gains). In our framework, we first propose a distributed algorithm for the UE-SBS pairs to find a subset of MISs in logarithmic time (with respect to the number of UEs). Then we propose a novel problem reformulation which enables UE-SBS pairs to determine the optimal fraction of time occupied by each MIS with only local message exchange among the neighbors in the interference graph. Despite the fact that our interference management policies are distributed and utilize only local information, we can analytically bound their performance under a wide range of heterogeneous deployment scenarios in terms of the competitive ratio with respect to the optimal network performance, which can only be obtained in a centralized manner with NP complexity. Remarkably, we prove that the competitive ratio is independent of the network size. Through extensive simulations, we show that our proposed policies achieve significant performance improvements (ranging from 160% to 700%) over state-of-the-art policies.
Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Congestion Control Protocols

When heterogeneous congestion control protocols that react to different pricing signals share the same network, the resulting equilibrium may no longer be interpreted as a solution to the standard utility maximization problem. We prove the existence of equilibrium in general multi-protocol networks under mild assumptions. For almost all networks, the equilibria are locally unique, and finite and odd in number. They cannot all be locally stable unless it is globally unique. Finally, we show that if the price mapping functions that map link prices to effective prices observed by the sources are similar, then global uniqueness is guaranteed.
Jet sampling: improving event reconstruction through multiple interpretations

The classification of events involving jets as signal-like or background-like can depend strongly on the jet algorithm used and its parameters. This is partly due to the fact that standard jet algorithms yield a single partition of the particles in an event into jets, even if no particular choice stands out from the others. As an alternative, we propose that one should consider multiple interpretations of each event, generalizing the Qjets procedure to event-level analysis. With multiple interpretations, an event is no longer restricted to either satisfy cuts or not satisfy them — it can be assigned a weight between 0 and 1 based on how well it satisfies the cuts. These cut-weights can then be used to improve the discrimination power of an analysis or reduce the uncertainty on mass or cross-section measurements. For example, using this approach on a Higgs plus Z boson sample, with $ H\to b\overline{b} $ we find an 28% improvement in significance can be realized at the 8TeV LHC. Through a number of other examples, we show various ways in which having multiple interpretations can be useful on the event level.
A note on moment inequality for quadratic forms

Abstract Moment inequality for quadratic forms of random vectors is of particular interest in covariance matrix testing and estimation problems. In this paper, we prove a Rosenthal-type inequality, which exhibits new features and certain improvement beyond the unstructured Rosenthal inequality of quadratic forms when dimension of the vectors increases without bound. Applications to test the block diagonal structures and detect the sparsity in the high-dimensional covariance matrix are presented.
DISCOVERY OF 11 NEW T DWARFS IN THE TWO MICRON ALL SKY SURVEY, INCLUDING A POSSIBLE L/T TRANSITION BINARY

We present the discovery of 11 new T dwarfs, found during the course of a photometric survey for mid-to-late T dwarfs in the 2MASS Point Source Catalog and from a proper-motion-selected sample of ultracool dwarfs in the 2MASS Working Database. Using the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility SpeX spectrograph, we obtained low-resolution (R ~ 150) spectroscopy, allowing us to derive near-infrared spectral types of T2-T8. We also present improved signal-to-noise ratio SpeX low-resolution spectroscopy of the near-infrared T0 standard SDSS J120747.17+024424.8 and T1 standard SDSSp J083717.22-000018.3. One of these new T dwarfs, 2MASS J13243559+6358284, was also discovered independently by Metchev et al. This object is spectroscopically peculiar and possibly a binary and/or very young (<300 Myr). We specifically attempted to model the spectrum of this source as a composite binary to reproduce its peculiar spectral characteristics. The latest type object in our sample is a T8 dwarf, 2MASS J07290002-3954043, now one of the four latest type T dwarfs known. All 11 T dwarfs are nearby given their spectrophotometric distance estimates, with one T dwarf within 10 pc and eight additional T dwarfs within 25 pc, if single. These new additions increase the 25 pc census of T dwarfs by ~14%. Their proximity offers an excellent opportunity to probe for companions at separations closer than are possible for more distant T dwarfs.
Maximum likelihood decoding bounds for high rate turbo codes over Lorentzian channels

Performance bounds are developed on the bit error probability of turbo codes over a Lorentzian channel, which is a realistic magnetic recording channel model. It is assumed that maximum likelihood decoding and uniform interleaving are employed. The results are applicable to linear codes over ISI channels.
Supersymmetry and superstring phenomenology

We briefly cover the early history of supersymmetry, describe the relation of SUSY quantum field theories to superstring theories and explain why they are considered a likely tool to describe the phenomenology of high energy particle theory beyond the Standard Model.
Dynamics of Na,K-ATPase sites in lateral cochlear wall tissues of the rat.

The objective of this study was to determine whether varying levels of either the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, or the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, modulate the quantity of Na,K-ATPase sites in stria vascularis and spiral ligament tissues. Surgically adrenalectomized male rats were administered different dosages of dexamethasone or aldosterone for 7 days and subsequently were sacrificed. Na,K-ATPase α-subunits of stria vascularis and spiral ligament homogenates were determined quantitatively by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using a monoclonal antibody shown to react with lateral wall Na,K-ATPase α-subunit. Elevated serum levels of dexamethasone were correlated with significantly increased Na,K-ATPase α-subunit levels in both the stria vascularis and spiral ligament (P 〈 0.05). Elevated serum levels of aldosterone were correlated with increased Na,K-ATPase α-subunits in the stria vascularis, but not in the spiral ligament (P 〈 0.1). These data further indicate a positive correlation between increased serum levels of adrenal steroids and induction of Na,K-ATPase synthesis by such steroids; particularly by dexamethasone.
The strong coupling from quarkonia

Abstract The status of determinations of α s from quarkonia using lattice QCD is reviewed. We compare the results with those obtained from perturbative QCD.
Fluid Flow Releases Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 From Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells

This study tested the hypothesis that fluid shear stress regulates the release of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 from human aortic smooth muscle cells. FGF-2 is a potent mitogen that is involved in the response to vascular injury and is expressed in a wide variety of cell types. FGF-2 is found in the cytoplasm of cells and outside cells, where it associates with extracellular proteoglycans. To test the hypothesis that shear stress regulates FGF-2 release, cells were exposed to flow, and FGF-2 amounts were measured from the conditioned medium, pericellular fraction (extracted by heparin treatment), and cell lysate. Results from the present study show that after 15 minutes of shear stress at 25 dyne/cm(2) in a parallel-plate flow system, a small but significant fraction (17%) of the total FGF-2 was released from human aortic smooth muscle cells. FGF-2 levels in the circulating medium increased 10-fold over medium from static controls (P<0.01). A 50% increase in FGF-2 content versus control (P<0.01) was found in the pericellular fraction (extracted by heparin treatment). Furthermore, a significant decrease in FGF-2 was detected in the cell lysate, indicating that FGF-2 was released from inside the cell. Cell permeability studies with fluorescent dextran were performed to examine whether transient membrane disruption caused FGF-2 release. Flow cytometry detected a 50% increase in mean fluorescence of cells exposed to 25 dyne/cm(2) versus control cells. This indicates that the observed FGF-2 release from human aortic smooth muscle cells is likely due to transient membrane disruption on initiation of flow.
Nonlinear Control of Plate Vibrations

A nonlinear active vibration absorber to control the vibrations of plates is investigated. The absorber is based on the saturation phenomenon associated with dynamical systems with quadratic nonlinearities and a two-to-one internal resonance. The technique is implemented by coupling a second-order controller with the plate's response through a sensor and an actuator. Energy is exchanged between the primary structure and the controller and, near resonance, the plate's response saturates to a small value. Numerical results are presented for a cantilever rectangular plate. Modal analysis is used to solve for the plate displacement. Finite-element methods are used to extract the eigenmodes of the system. A numerical study is conducted to optimize the location of the actuators to maximize its controllability. In this regard, the control gain is maximized for the PZT actuators. Furthermore, a more general method is introduced, which is based on a global measure of controllability for linear systems.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Big data dimensional analysis

The ability to collect and analyze large amounts of data is a growing problem within the scientific community. The growing gap between data and users calls for innovative tools that address the challenges faced by big data volume, velocity and variety. One of the main challenges associated with big data variety is automatically understanding the underlying structures and patterns of the data. Such an understanding is required as a pre-requisite to the application of advanced analytics to the data. Further, big data sets often contain anomalies and errors that are difficult to know a priori. Current approaches to understanding data structure are drawn from the traditional database ontology design. These approaches are effective, but often require too much human involvement to be effective for the volume, velocity and variety of data encountered by big data systems. Dimensional Data Analysis (DDA) is a proposed technique that allows big data analysts to quickly understand the overall structure of a big dataset, determine anomalies. DDA exploits structures that exist in a wide class of data to quickly determine the nature of the data and its statical anomalies. DDA leverages existing schemas that are employed in big data databases today. This paper presents DDA, applies it to a number of data sets, and measures its performance. The overhead of DDA is low and can be applied to existing big data systems without greatly impacting their computing requirements.
Federalism, democratization, and the rule of law in Russia

1. Introduction 2. Federal Theory 3. Soviet 'Federalism' 4. Gorbachev's Federalism Problem 5. The Process of Federal Transition 6. Inter-Governmental Relations Under Yeltsin's New Federalism 7. Federal Effects on Transitions in Russia's Republics 8. The Federal Reforms of Vladimir Putin 9. Conclusion
Enantioselective Diels-Alder reactions: novel constrained bis(oxazoline) ligand-metal triflate catalysts

Abstract Five chiral 1,4-bis(oxazoline) ligands, each bearing a bicyclic backbone, were prepared and examined in Mg(OTf)2-, Zn(OTf)2-, and Cu(OTf)2-catalyzed Diels-Alder reactions. The cycloadditions were carried out at room temperature and afforded enantiomeric excess up to 88%. Surprisingly, a non-C2-symmetric bis(oxazoline) bearing a meso backbone was among the more efficient ligands examined.