cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Recovering Occlusion Boundaries from an Image

Occlusion reasoning is a fundamental problem in computer vision. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to recover the occlusion boundaries and depth ordering of free-standing structures in the scene. Rather than viewing the problem as one of pure image processing, our approach employs cues from an estimated surface layout and applies Gestalt grouping principles using a conditional random field (CRF) model. We propose a hierarchical segmentation process, based on agglomerative merging, that re-estimates boundary strength as the segmentation progresses. Our experiments on the Geometric Context dataset validate our choices for features, our iterative refinement of classifiers, and our CRF model. In experiments on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset, PASCAL VOC 2008, and LabelMe, we also show that the trained algorithm generalizes to other datasets and can be used as an object boundary predictor with figure/ground labels.
Source-specific oppositional defiant disorder: comorbidity and risk factors in referred elementary schoolboys.

ABSTRACT Objective To examine differences in risk factors and comorbid conditions for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptom groups in a sample of 248 elementary schoolboys (ages 6-10) recruited from 1994 to 1996. Method The boys and their mothers received multiple assessments of cognitive, behavioral, academic, and family functioning, including a clinic-based evaluation in Stony Brook, NY. ODD was defined using four different strategies for aggregating data from mother and teacher reports of DSM-IV symptoms. Results Source-specific ODD symptom groups had better internal validity and were more differentiated than groups defined using the other strategies. The mother-defined ODD symptom group (ODD/M) had higher levels of maternal detachment than the teacher-defined symptom group (ODD/T), and the ODD/T group had more social problems than the ODD/M group. The classification agreement group (ODD/M + T) evidenced higher levels of sensation-seeking, maternal control, and comorbid symptoms than the ODD/M and ODD/T groups. Controlling for co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder symptoms altered some of the relationships among ODD, comorbid symptoms, and psychosocial correlates. Conclusions Patterns of co-occurring psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial correlates of ODD symptom groups varied depending on the rater(s) used to determine group membership. Results support continued research into source specificity for conceptualizing ODD.
SHOGUN: multilingual data extraction for TIPSTER

The TIPSTER/SHOGUN project aims at substantive improvements in coverage and accuracy for automatic data extraction through innovative strategies in knowledge acquisition, run-time integration, and control. One of four teams in the data extraction component of the TIPSTER program, TIPSTER/SHOGUN includes GE Corporate Research and Development, Carnegie Mellon University - Center for Machine Translation, and GE Management and Data Systems.
Nonionic contrast use in cardiac angiography.

Objectives This article reviews the safety profile of nonionic versus ionic contrast media, focussing on those aspects specific to the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Data analyzed Comparative electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects, nephrotoxicity, thrombosis-related complications, and other possible adverse effects are discussed. Volume limitations and approaches to efficient use of nonionic agents also are considered. Results Previous investigations indicate that cardiac electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects are less with nonionic contrast media than with conventional high-osmolar ionic agents. Studies assessing potential adverse reactions suggest an advantage with nonionics, compared with high-osmolar ionic agents, mostly regarding reduction in mild-to-moderate adverse events. In general, studies on the risk of nephrotoxicity among cardiac angiography patients demonstrate no difference between nonionic and ionic contrast or a slight beneficial effect with nonionics among those with pre-existing renal dysfunction. There is no convincing evidence for an increased incidence of thrombosis-related events with nonionic agents during coronary angiography and data regarding nonionic contrast-related thrombosis in patients undergoing coronary angioplasty are conflicting. Conclusions At the present time, there is no justification for avoiding nonionic contrast agents based on the risk of thrombosis. Research findings on the effect of contrast volume are also inconclusive.
Surface sensitive spectroscopic study of the interaction of oxygen with Al(111) - low temperature chemisorption and oxidation

Abstract The interaction of an atomically clean Al(111) surface with O 2 has been studied using a combination of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and Auger spectroscopy (AES). Oxygen dissociatively adsorbs and occupies both surface and subsurface binding sites under all exposure conditions in the temperature range 122–700 K. Surface sites are preferentially occupied at low exposures, while higher exposures increasingly favor population of subsurface sites. Studies of O 2 adsorption at temperatures as low as 131 K have shown that formation of Al 2 O 3 occurs at high oxygen exposures. The Al 2 O 3 produced exhibits a 54 eV Auger transition and a characteristic vibrational spectrum with loss features at 430, 645, and 880 cm −1 . Argon ion bombardment of thin monolayer level Al 2 O 3 layers leads to preferential loss of Al 2 O 3 and a reduction in the subsurface-to-surface oxygen ratio. Electron bombardment of similar, thin Al 2 O 3 layers is ineffective in inducing desorption of surface species, whereas thick Al 2 O 3 layers are strongly influenced by electron bombardment, as judged from AES behavior. Qualitative models for O 2 adsorption, oxidative annealing, and damage by ion and electron bombardment are given.
Gender-specific responses to winter defoliation of greenhouse-grown Atriplex canescens clones under contrasting soil moisture regimes

A greenhouse experiment with female, male and monecious clones (36 of each, 108 total) of tetraploid Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. (fourwing saltbush) was conducted to determine gender-specific responses to simulated herbivory under contrasting conditions of soil moisture. We imposed three levels of winter defoliation (control, 40%, and 70% stem removal) and two soil moisture treatments (control and water stress). Gender-related responses to defoliation were context-specific. Defoliated female clones produced significantly less shoot biomass than male or monecious clones when soil moisture conditions were not limiting. All genders produced similar amounts of shoot biomass under conditions of soil moisture stress. Root biomass responses exhibited the opposite trend. With adequate soil moisture all defoliated clones produced similar amounts of root biomass, but water-stressed defoliated females usually produced less root biomass than their male and monecious counterparts. Leaf gas-exchange measurements indicated that females were less efficient than males in the use of water. Monecious clones outperformed both females and males when conditions of stress were greatest. Defoliated female shrubs may be at a competitive disadvantage regardless of the environmental context, and could therefore be expected to be the shrub gender most negatively affected by herbivory.
Integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics into environmental enzymology: the next frontier or fool's gold?

Extracellular enzymes are widely measured as indices of microbial activity, resource allocation, and substrate availability. However, interpretation of enzyme activities is hampered by a limited understanding of controls on enzyme production, turnover, and in-situ activity. In part, this is the consequence of methodological limitations, which require artificial substrates and are conducted under conditions that differ from in situ conditions. Recently, new tools have emerged that have potential to provide new insights into microbial enzymology. Will these methods open a new frontier in enzymology research, or will they only result in the discovery of fool’s gold? I will highlight how genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic tools might be used to gain new insights into the controls on enzyme production, turnover, and in-situ activity. I will also discuss the potential for significant advancements even without the use of emerging tools. Each of these techniques offers the potential to provide new pieces to the puzzle of environmental enzymology, but progress is most likely through a multi-faceted approach.
Semiotics of making: beginnings of a theoretical frame

The contemporary problem of semiotics in architecture is an inherited struggle, not a chosen one. We consider the question of architectural communication because we inevitably recognize its centrality to the problem ofarchitecture itself. While the twentieth-century impact of Saussure and his birthing of structuralism gave architecture a new ground from which to reconceive its own semiotic functions, it was probably never possible that such a synchronic and undialogic theory would suit such a disparate and intersubjective activity. This is not to say that semiotics offers no guidance for the problem of architecture. It may say, however, that to use semiotics productively is not to start from its constructs but instead from architecture's own.To that end, this study intends to establish a conceptualbasis for communication and meaning in architectural form by an inquiry into making. The initial judgment about why making might prove to be more useful than otherarchitectural characteristics is due to is its essential dialogicnature; it already is a semiotic. In that sense what follows is an opportunistic examination. It arises from what should be considered a powerful”if somewhat neglected”text on making: Elaine Scarry's 1985 The Body in Pain. A deeper consideration of this work is long overdue. While Scarry'sbook seems to enjoy a rather wide readership, its potential impact has been largely unrealized since few scholars have developed its implications. Given the extraordinary originality of its argument, the artful construction of its prose, and the complex sophistication of its logic, it offers a rich”albeit demanding”place from which to begin.The objective of this study is to schematize Scarry's theory of making such that connections to a semiotic understanding of its potentials may be realized. Following this effort, a short examination of one particular semiotic aspect of making will be argued as a tentative ground from which to guide further investigation.
Cubical graphs and cubical dimensions

Abstract A cubical graph G is isomorphic to a subgraph of some hypercube Qn. The cubical dimension cd(G) is the smallest such n. The induced cubical dimension icd(G) is the minimum n for which G is an induced subgraph of Qn. The determination for a given cubical graph G of the exact G values of cd(G) and icd(G) is very difficult. We discuss these values for some special classes of graphs including trees, unicyclic graphs, “polyomino” animals and polyhexes.
Development of specific T-cell responses to Candida and tetanus antigens in partial DiGeorge syndrome

Background Partial DiGeorge syndrome (pDGS) presents with thymic hypoplasia and a variable decrease in T-cell numbers. Although lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens is generally preserved, it is uncertain whether the development of specific cellular immunity in pDGS is similarly preserved. Objective We sought to study the development of antigen-specific T-cell responses in patients with pDGS with regard to their initial CD3 T-cell counts. Methods A retrospective review of 93 patients with pDGS followed at Texas Children's Hospital Allergy and Immunology Clinic from 1991 to 2006 was performed. Serial lymphocyte proliferation to Candida and tetanus antigens was longitudinally analyzed. Antigen-specific lymphoproliferation was compared with initial patient CD3 T-cell counts of less than the 10th percentile (n = 63), the 10th to 50th percentile (n = 20), and greater than the 50th percentile (n = 10) of age-matched normal control values. Tetanus-specific IgG levels and the number of tetanus immunizations were also studied. Results The median CD3 T-cell counts at baseline in all 3 groups were as follows: 10th percentile, 1188 cells/mm 3 (range, 168-3272 cells/mm 3 ); 10th to 50th percentile, 2816 cells/mm 3 (range, 1484-4155 cells/mm 3 ); greater than 50th percentile, 4246 cells/mm 3 (range, 2573-6481 cells/mm 3 ). Thirty-one (46%) of 68 patients with pDGS who received at least 3 tetanus vaccines had persistent Candida and tetanus-specific cellular immunity, and 24 (35%) did not have immunity to either antigen. Most (22/24) of these patients had CD3 T-cell counts at presentation of less than the 10th percentile of normal values. Protective tetanus-specific IgG titers (>0.10 IU/mL) were detected in all patients tested from the age of 2 to 85 months (n = 72). Conclusion Some patients with pDGS with low CD3 T-cell counts might not have specific Candida and tetanus cellular immunity.
Flow past a trapezoidal tab

The flow passing over a trapezoidal tab mounted on a flat plate is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Such a tab has been used to generate hairpin-like vortices to enhance cross-stream mixing. We attempt to provide a detailed account of the three-dimensional topology and dynamics of the hairpin vortices in the tab wake. Simulations are conducted for three tab inclination angles at Reynolds number control volumes is employed for the simulations and the results are compared with PIV experimental data. Simulations captured all the experimentally observed near-field flow features including a pair of streamwise co-rotating vortices and its transition to hairpin vortices. Simulation results provide new insight into the vortex dynamics in the tab wake. It is shown that the hairpin vortex is capable of lifting up and entraining vorticity from the local boundary layer, thereby increasing its strength to counter the vorticity diffusion. It is also observed that the turbulence production is mostly accomplished by the hairpin heads/arches, while the highest kinetic energy is associated with hairpin vortex legs. The topological characteristics of the structures and the statistical characteristics of the flow are discussed in detail.
Additional Antibiotic Inhibitors of Peptidoglycan Synthesis

Diumycin, janiemycin, nisin, and subtilin inhibited peptidoglycan synthesis catalyzed by particulate enzyme systems from Bacillus stearothermophilus and Escherichia coli. All of these, except for nisin, also induced accumulation of the lipid intermediate in peptidoglycan synthesis. Concentrations required for 50% inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis were less than 0.1 mug/ml for diumycin and in the range of 10 to 100 mug/ml for janiemycin, nisin, and subtilin in both organisms. The discrepancy between the extremely low concentration of diumycin required to inhibit the in vitro system from E. coli and the much higher concentration required to inhibit growth of the organism is noteworthy.
Institutional Form and Its Effect on Environmental Change: The Case of Groundwater in the Southern High Plains

Resource-management institutions mediate the relationship between society and the environment in such a way as to prevent or reduce socially and economically undersirable outcomes. Usually, these outcomes have to do with “waste” and “inefficiency” in resource use or in the investment of capital and labor. These resource regimes may take a variety of forms, the three most common archetypes being 1) private property institutions, unfettered by the state; 2) self-organized or common-property institutions; and 3) centralized state institutions. Our research examines the effects of these resource regimes on environmental change. We evaluate the effects of these institutions on aquifer water-level declines in the Llano Estacado of the Southern High Plains of the United States from pre-development through 1980, while controlling for other variables that would also affect water-resource development. Our findings suggest that water levels declined relatively less in managed areas than in areas of unrestrained private property. Differences in water-level declines between centrally controlled and communally organized areas are insignificant, however. Even though these differences among managed areas in environmental effects are minimal, a communally organized resource regime has the advantage of being more conducive to sustaining the economic base of the region.
The effect of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation on medication adherence: an instrumental variable approach

There are limited studies on quantifying the impact of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation on patient medication adherence. Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation services on medication adherence in a large managed care organization. Methods: We analyzed data from a patient satisfaction survey of 6,916 patients who had used pharmacist consultation services in Kaiser Permanente Southern California from 1993 to 1996. We compared treating patient satisfaction as exogenous, in a single-equation probit model, with a bivariate probit model where patient satisfaction was treated as endogenous. Different sets of instrumental variables were employed, including measures of patients' emotional well-being and patients' propensity to fill their prescriptions at a non-Kaiser Permanente (KP) pharmacy. The SmithBlundell test was used to test whether patient satisfaction was endogenous. Over-identification tests were used to test the validity of the instrumental variables. The Staiger-Stock weak instrument test was used to evaluate the explanatory power of the instrumental variables. Results: All tests indicated that the instrumental variables method was valid and the instrumental variables used have significant explanatory power. The single equation probit model indicated that the effect of patient satisfaction with pharmacist consultation was significant (p<0.010). However, the bivariate probit models revealed that the marginal effect of pharmacist consultation on medication adherence was significantly greater than the single equation probit. The effect increased from 7% to 30% (p<0.010) after controlling for endogeneity bias. Conclusion: After appropriate adjustment for endogeneity bias, patients satisfied with their pharmacy services are substantially more likely to adhere to their medication. The results have important policy implications given the increasing focus on the roles of pharmacists and regulatory changes in professional scope of practice.
The effect of acoustic vibration on forced convective heat transfer

In an effort to study the effect of acoustic vibration on forced convective heat transfer, sound at resonant frequencies of 198, 256, and 322 c./sec., as well as sound at nonresonant frequencies, was imposed on air flowing at Reynolds numbers of 560 to 5,900 in the core of a horizontal, double pipe, steam to air, heat exchanger. Increases in Nusselt number of up to 51% in the nominally laminar region and up to 27% in the nominally turbulent region were obtained. The improvement peaked sharply at resonance and increased with both amplitude and resonant frequency. A qualitative dual mechanism is suggested, and correlations for the experimental results are presented.
Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistors for High-Performance Digital Circuits&#8212;DC Analysis and Modeling Toward Optimum Transistor Structure

Scaling of silicon technology continues while a research has started in other novel materials for future technology generations beyond year 2015. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with their excellent carrier mobility are a promising candidate. The authors investigated different CNT-based field effect transistors (CNFETs) for an optimal switch. Schottky-barrier (SB) CNFETs, MOS CNFETs, and state-of-the-art Si MOSFETs were systematically compared from a circuit/system design perspective. The authors have performed a dc analysis and determined how noise margin and voltage swing vary as a function of tube diameter and power-supply voltage. The dc analysis of single-tube SB CNFET transistors revealed that the optimum CNT diameter for achieving the best ION-to-IOFF ratio while maintaining a good noise margin is about 1 to 1.5 nm. Despite several serious technological barriers and challenges, CNTs show a potential for future high-performance devices as they are being researched
A Framework for Sparse Matrix Code Synthesis from High-level Specifications

We present compiler technology for synthesizing sparse matrix code from (i) dense matrix code, and (ii) a description of the index structure of a sparse matrix. Our approach is to embed statement instances into a Cartesian product of statement iteration and data spaces, and to produce efficient sparse code by identifying common enumerations for multiple references to sparse matrices. The approach works for imperfectly-nested codes with dependences, and produces sparse code competitive with hand-written library code for the Basic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS).
Risk Estimation in 2009

The article by Marma et al1 provides further information about the use of lifetime as opposed to short-term risk prediction.2 Previous publications have documented the high lifetime risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in both men and women.3,4 Very few women and younger adults, both men and women, had high short-term risk, but many are at high long-term risk. The current article also documents that few in the US population are at both low short-term and long-term risk, 26%, whereas two thirds of 82% of those classified as low short-term risk are at high lifetime risk. Furthermore, only 8.4% of men and 14.3% of women are at both low lifetime risk and have optimal risk factor levels.1 Article see p 8 The addition of either obesity or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to the models that included systolic blood pressure (BP) and diastolic BP, total cholesterol, diabetes, and current smoking did not substantially change the distribution of low and high lifetime cardiovascular disease–predicted risk. This is consistent with observations that the effects of obesity on risk of cardiovascular disease are primarily due to obesity-related diabetes, elevated BP, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).5 The high lifetime risk, as reported, is not unexpected. Atherosclerosis is the disease of primary interest.6,7 It begins in childhood, and the prevalence increases with age. At older ages, the prevalence of atherosclerosis in both the coronary and other arteries is very high, at least in the US population, especially when compared with countries that have …
Distributed triangulation in the presence faulty and byzantine beacons in aircraft networks with ADS-B technology

This paper explores two different algorithms designed for quick triangulation in the face of numerous incorrect measurements. The incorrect measurements can be randomly faulty or maliciously converging to an incorrect answer. Both algorithms require the number of correct measurements to exceed a user defined consensus threshold. Both algorithms will correctly terminate in an environment possessing more than 50% faulty beacons, as long as the number of correct measurements exceed the consensus threshold.
Increasing the tracking region of an eye-in-hand system by singularity and joint limit avoidance

A control strategy is presented that visually tracks objects using a manipulator/camera system while simultaneously avoiding kinematic singularities and joint limits by moving in directions along which the tracking task space is unconstrained or redundant. A manipulability measure is introduced into the visual servoing objective function in order to derive the control law. The algorithms developed are experimentally verified on an eye-in-hand system. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by showing that the tracking region of a manipulator tracking objects with planar motion can be greatly increased. >
Implementing Computer Technology in Educational Settings

The educational potential of computer technology will not be realized until schools successfully incorporate the technology into their daily activities. Often, the group encouraging the new technology is a third party with no direct control over the user group. The authors combined the literature on implementing new information systems and implementing educational innovations with the findings of a case study to produce five guidelines for such third parties. The guidelines recommend five major activities for groups involved in implementing new technology in an educational setting: understand resistance, educate and communicate, encourage positive attitudes, introduce change consistent with the environment, and encourage and support champions.
Renal physicians association clinical practice guideline: Appropriate patient preparation for renal replacement therapy: Guideline number 3

JASN is cooperating with the Renal Physicians Association and other renal journals in publishing this executive summary of a clinical practice guideline on appropriate patient preparation for renal replacement therapy. The full text of the guideline is available from the Renal Physicians Association
A Service-Oriented Solution Framework for Distributed Virus Detection and Vulnerability Remediation (VDVR) System

This paper presents a solution framework and implementation of a virus detection and vulnerability remediation (VDVR) system based on service- oriented architecture (SOA). VDVR system is an end to end, and Web based solution that searches/analyzes the output of a network detection system. VDVR system is also responsible for identifying affected machines, providing a workflow for managing the isolation of the machine from the network, remediating the infected machine, and reactivating the machine on the network.
The Pottery Use-Alteration Study

Beginning in 1973, the Kalinga became the focus of a long-term ethnoarchaeological study (Longacre 1974). Longacre made a yearlong study in 1975–1976 and again during 1987–1988 with a field team from the University of Arizona and the University of the Philippines. (For a discussion of Kalinga ethnoarchaeological research, see Graves 1981, 1985, 1991; Longacre 1974, 1981, 1985, 1991b; Longacre and Skibo n.d.; Longacre et al. 1991; Stark 1991.)
Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells prevent thrombin-induced increase in lung vascular permeability

Since thrombin activation of endothelial cells (ECs) is well-known to increase endothelial permeability by disassembly of adherens junctions (AJs) and actinomyosin contractility mechanism involving myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, we investigated the effects of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells (BMPCs) on the thrombin-induced endothelial permeability response. We observed that addition of BMPCs to endothelial monolayers at a fixed ratio prevented the thrombin-induced decrease in transendothelial electrical resistance, a measure of AJ integrity, and increased mouse pulmonary microvessel filtration coefficient, a measure of transvascular liquid permeability. The barrier protection was coupled to increased vascular endothelial cadherin expression and increased Cdc42 activity in ECs. Using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to deplete Cdc42 in ECs, we demonstrated a key role of Cdc42 in signaling the BMPC-induced endothelial barrier protection. Endothelial integrity induced by BMPCs was also secondary to inhibition of MLC phosphorylation in ECs. Thus BMPCs interacting with ECs prevent thrombin-induced endothelial hyperpermeability by a mechanism involving AJ barrier annealing, inhibition of MLC phosphorylation, and activation of Cdc42.
Federal Initiative Increases Community Preparedness for Public Health Emergencies

Policy makers need to know whether federal programs can improve community-level readiness for large-scale public health emergencies, and how to design such programs to increase their impact. This article describes an evaluation of the Cities Readiness Initiative, a federal program to improve communities’ ability to dispense medications rapidly during emergencies. The program helped increase staffing, improve planning and partnerships, and streamline medication-dispensing procedures. The evaluation results indicate that clear goals, technical assistance, and a balance between threat-specific and more-general “all hazards” planning might improve the effectiveness of federal readiness programs.
A fast algorithm for incremental distance calculation

A simple and efficient algorithm for finding the closest points between two convex polynomials is described. Data from numerous experiments tested on a broad set of convex polyhedra on R/sup 3/ show that the running time is roughly constant for finding closest points when nearest points are approximately known and is linear in total number of vertices if no special initialization is done. This algorithm can be used for collision detection, computation of the distance between two polyhedra in three-dimensional space, and other robotics problems. It forms the heart of the motion planning algorithm previously presented by the authors (Proc. IEEE ICRA, p.1554-9, 1990). >
Alkali and Chlorine Photochemistry in a Volcanically Driven Atmosphere on Io

Abstract Observations of the Io plasma torus and neutral clouds indicate that the extended ionian atmosphere must contain sodium, potassium, and chlorine in atomic and/or molecular form. Models that consider sublimation of pure sulfur dioxide frost as the sole mechanism for generating an atmosphere on Io cannot explain the presence of alkali and halogen species in the atmosphere—active volcanoes or surface sputtering must also be considered, or the alkali and halide species must be discharged along with the SO 2 as the frost sublimates. To determine how volcanic outgassing can affect the chemistry of Io's atmosphere, we have developed a one-dimensional photochemical model in which active volcanoes release a rich suite of S-, O-, Na-, K-, and Cl-bearing vapor and in which photolysis, chemical reactions, condensation, and vertical eddy and molecular diffusion affect the subsequent evolution of the volcanic gases. Observations of Pele plume constituents, along with thermochemical equilibrium calculations of the composition of volcanic gases exsolved from high-temperature silicate magmas on Io, are used to constrain the composition of the volcanic vapor. We find that NaCl, Na, Cl, KCl, and K will be the dominant alkali and chlorine gases in atmospheres generated from Pele-like plume eruptions on Io. Although the relative abundances of these species will depend on uncertain model parameters and initial conditions, these five species remain dominant for a wide variety of realistic conditions. Other sodium and chlorine molecules such as NaS, NaO, Na 2 , NaS 2 , NaO 2 , NaOS, NaSO 2 , SCl, ClO, Cl 2 , S 2 Cl, and SO 2 Cl 2 will be only minor constituents in the ionian atmosphere because of their low volcanic emission rates and their efficient photochemical destruction mechanisms. Our modeling has implications for the general appearance, properties, and variability of the neutral sodium clouds and jets observed near Io. The neutral NaCl molecules present at high altitudes in atmosph eres generated by active volcanoes might provide the NaX + ion needed to help explain the morphology of the high-velocity sodium “stream” feature observed near Io.
Implicit dual control for general stochastic systems

A new implicit dual technique is presented for stochastic adaptive control synthesis. In this technique, denoted as the method of utility costs (MOUC), a new control policy is derived from a known starting control policy by using a single iteration in time-varying policy space. An important result is that the new control policy yields a corresponding improvement in adaptive performance relative to the known starting policy. Since the starting policy can be chosen arbitrarily, the new policy has potentially superior performance relative to any existing design. Unlike other implicit dual designs, the MOUC can be applied to systems having constrained inputs, discontinuities, discrete valued disturbances, as well as in situations where the variances of the associated process statistics are large. A numerical example is given in which a controller is synthesized to provide improved performance relative to the Open-Loop Feedback policy of Dreyfus.
Inhibition of renal vascular 20-HETE production impairs autoregulation of renal blood flow.

The present study evaluated the role of endogenous P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) on autoregulation of renal blood flow in rats. Whole kidney and cortical blood flows were well autoregu...
Early reperfusion for acute type A dissection complicated with distal malperfusion.

From the Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, P Disclosures: Authors have nothing to disclose with regard to commercial support. Received for publication Jan 31, 2016; accepted for publication Feb 2, 2016; available ah 2016. Address for reprints: Wilson Y. Szeto, MD, Associate Professor of Surgery, University of P Medicine, Chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, 51 Vascular Pavilion, Suite 2A, Philadelphia, PA 19104 (E-mail: wilson.szeto@uphs.upen J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016;151:e113-4 0022-5223/$36.00 Copyright 2016 by The American Association for Thoracic Surgery http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.02.004
Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Hand Mass: A Case Report

Primary cutaneous lymphomas are a rare yet diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms, representing 19% of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas1. In the United States, the majority of primary cutaneous lymphomas are of T-cell origin (71%)1. Cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (CBCLs) comprise the remaining 29%, and rarely occur in the upper extremity (11.9% of all CBCLs)1; CBCL in the hand is extremely rare1. We present a case of CBCL in the hand, originally suspected to be a hemangioma on the basis of the physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and she provided consent. A twenty-nine-year-old woman with a history of Sjogren syndrome and psoriasis sought evaluation of a discolored mass on the ulnar side of the left hand. She had been aware of the mass for three months. She reported mild pain at the site of the mass. She also described generalized pain and numbness in the hand with typing and brushing her teeth. The physical examination revealed a slightly elevated, light blue-red mass measuring 2 cm in diameter, located at the junction of the glabrous and nonglabrous skin of the ulnar border of the hand, beginning 1 cm distal to the wrist crease (Fig. 1). The Phalen test was positive at twenty seconds. Two-point discrimination and median innervated intrinsic strength were normal. Fig. 1 Physical examination revealed a slightly elevated, light blue-red papular mass measuring 2 cm in diameter, located at the junction of the glabrous and nonglabrous skin of the ulnar border of the hand, beginning 1 cm distal to the wrist crease. MRI revealed a T2 hyperintense, …
Prolongation of life in high-leukemia AKR mice by cortisone.

SummaryPeriodic administration of cortisone throughout life to high-leukemia AKR mice significantly prolonged their mean length of life from 9.3 months to 14.3 months. Prolongation of life resulted from prevention of spontaneous leukemia deaths at the early age expected in this strain.
Abstract 2712: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 confers transcription and transactivation of androgen receptor: Implications for prostate cancer progression in African American men

Caucasian American (CA) and other ethnic minority groups. The causes of this ethnic disparity in clinical manifestation and outcome of the disease are not well understood. Here we identified, by employing a combined approach of laser capture microdissected (LCM), suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH), and custom race-based CaP cDNA microarray on fresh specimens, selective expression of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNPH1) in prostate tumor cells of AA men in comparison to CA men. An ethnicity-based tissue microarray (TMA) analysis revealed selective nuclear accumulation of hnRNPH1 in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal epithelium and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We also show that hnRNPH1 up-regulates transcription, physically interact with, and confers hormone-dependent (HD) and independent (HI) transactivation of androgen receptor (AR) in CaP cells. Further, our reporter, ChIP, and EMSA analyses demonstrate hnRNPH1 binds to androgen response elements (AREs) on promoter and enhancer element of PSA gene and the ligand binding domain-encoding exons D, E and H of the AR gene, suggesting it acts as a coactivator of AR in CaP cells. Interestingly, siRNA silencing of hnRNPH1caused growth arrest and enhanced cytotoxicty of Bicalutamide in AR-expressing CaP cells. These findings support a model in which hnRNP H1 is an exclusive auxiliary factor for AR to elicit androgen-specific transcriptional regulation of androgen-regulated genes and drug resistance. Given heterogeneity of CaP and that AR is implicated in androgen independent progression of CaP, the results demonstrate a previously uncharacterized mechanism for AR-hnRNPH1 axis in disease progression and hormone refractory via enhancing HD and HI mediated transcription and transactivation of AR in a subset of prostate tumor cells in AA men. The results not only reveal racial differences in the biology of CaP, but also provide, for the first time, a new frontier for the development of diagnostic, preventive, and/or targeted therapeutic strategies to circumvent disease progression in AA men. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2712.
Effects of Fire Following Earthquakes on Steel Frames with Reduced Beam Sections

The occurrence of fires following an earthquake in steel structures is a significant issue in areas of moderate-to-high seismicity. The current seismic design philosophy permits a certain degree of damage during earthquakes, making the structures more vulnerable when exposed to the additional demand of fire loading. Evidence from previous earthquakes has shown high variability in the damage sustained by active and passive fire resistance systems and structural loss due to fires following earthquakes has been observed. This paper provides insight into the effects of the local behavior of reduced beam section (RBS) connections during fire following earthquakes on the global response of steel moment resisting frames. This is achieved through investigating the response of a 9-story steel frame designed for the Los Angeles region using nonlinear finite element analyses. The models are developed and analyzed under representative loading scenarios and the results are presented and their implications discussed.
Attraction of Tobacco Horn worm Moths to Blacklight Traps Baited with Virgin Females

Omnidirectional insect traps equipped with fluorescent blacklight lamps were baited with caged virgin female Manduca sexta (L.), moths to evaluate their effect on the collections of this species. The use of 2 and 4 virgin females per trap increased the collections of males by 6 and 8 times, respectively. Also, when the females were placed at heights of 1, 5, and 10 ft, collections increased with height, and when 1 trap was baited, collections of males in other unbaited traps to the leeward increased. Unmated females were attractive throughout their life. Females of the St. Croix strain were more attractive to the St. Croix males then females of the North Carolina strain. Baiting the traps did not affect the collection of Manduca rustica harterti (Rothschild &Jordan) or female M. sexta .
Biology of larks (Aves: Alaudidae) in the central Namib Desert

1. The biology of six species of larks in the Namib Desert near Walvis Bay, South West Africa, was studied in 1964, 1965 and 1966. 2. All species reproduced following rainfall in summer and autumn months, with the appearance of green grass and abundant insects on which the birds fed. 3. The primarily insectivorous species, Certhilauda albofasciata , shows no seasonality in moulting and testicular development, and reproduces whenever local rainfall results in favourable feeding and nesting circumstances, while the primarily granivorous Spizoeorys starki and Eremopterix verticalis have markedly seasonal testicular and moulting cycles timed so that reproduction occurs only during the late summer and autumn months. Ammomanes grayi is intermediate in food habits and in timing of moulting and reproduction, and C. albescens and Mirafra naevia may also be intermediate in this respect. 4. S. starki and E. verticalis are the only larks that normally drink, but flocks of both species were observed that were independent of drinking water. 5. Larks avoid heat stress during daytime by keeping to the shade of stones, tufts of vegetation and mouths of rodent burrows; and nests are nearly always placed on the shady side of a stone' or tuft of grass. 6. It is suggested that larks may be successful desert occupants because they have not become highly specialized and therefore can tolerate rapidly and severely changing environ-mental conditions associated with drought and irregular rainfall
Advanced hybrid battery with a magnesium metal anode and a spinel LiMn2O4 cathode.

Two Mg–Li dual salt hybrid electrolytes are developed, which exhibit excellent oxidative stability up to around 3.8 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+) on an aluminum current collector, enabling the successful coupling of several state-of-the-art lithium-ion intercalation cathodes (LiMn2O4, LiCoO2 and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2) with magnesium metal anodes. The Mg-LiMn2O4 battery delivers an initial discharge capacity of about 106 mA h g−1 with a working voltage of around 2.8 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+), highlighting the highest working voltage of rechargeable batteries with magnesium metal anodes to date.
Discomfort and avoidance of touch: new insights on the emotional deficits of social anxiety

ABSTRACTPhysical touch is central to the emotional intimacy that separates romantic relationships from other social contexts. In this study of 256 adults (128 heterosexual couples, mean relationship length = 20.5 months), we examined whether individual differences in social anxiety influenced comfort with and avoidance of physical touch. Because of prior work on sex difference in touch use, touch comfort, and social anxiety symptoms and impairment, we explored sex-specific findings. We found evidence that women with greater social anxiety were less comfortable with touch and more avoidant of touch in same-sex friendships. Additionally, a woman’s social anxiety had a bigger effect on a man’s comfort with touch and avoidance of touch in the romantic relationship than a man’s social anxiety had on the woman’s endorsement of touch-related problems. These effects were uninfluenced by the length of romantic relationships. Touch is a neglected emotional experience that offers new insights into the difficulties o...
Emergence of function from coordinated cells in a tissue

This work presents a mathematical study of tissue dynamics. We combine within-cell genome dynamics and diffusion between cells, so that the synthesis of the two gives rise to the emergence of function, akin to establishing “tissue homeostasis.” We introduce two concepts, monotonicity and a weak version of hardwiring. These together are sufficient for global convergence of the tissue dynamics.
Nonlinear paramagnetic magnetization in the mixed state of CeCoIn5

Abstract Torque and magnetization measurements in magnetic fields H up to 14 T were performed on CeCoIn 5 single crystals. The amplitude of the paramagnetic torque shows an H 2.3 dependence in the mixed state and an H 2 dependence in the normal state. In addition, the mixed-state magnetizations for both H ∥ c and H ∥ ab axes show anomalous behavior after the subtraction of the corresponding paramagnetic contributions as linear extrapolations of the normal-state magnetization. These experimental results point towards a nonlinear paramagnetic magnetization in the mixed state of CeCoIn 5 , which is a result of the fact that both orbital and Pauli limiting effects dominate in the mixed state.
The Lorentz-FitzGerald Body Contraction

Proper time measurement by the light-mirror clock with an optical path parallel to moving mirrors agrees with the path normal to moving mirrors if the body is subject to Lorentz-FitzGerald body contraction. The reality of the Lorentz-FitzGerald body contraction is discussed: if time dilation is a ‘real’ effect, then so must be the Lorentz-FitzGerald body contraction. The time dilation effect is naturally accumulated by a body proper light-mirror clock; a Lorentz-FitzGerald body contraction clock can also be constructed. We return to this in Chap. 10.
Abstract 12954: A Novel-Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) Assay to Measure the Maturity and Functional Cardiomyocytes Contractility

Introduction: The most important functional property of cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from a therapeutic standpoint is the ability to produce contractile force. Current methods of assessing the same, such as patch clamping and confocal calcium imaging, are labor-intensive, invasive or require fluo-dye in culture medium, which can affect the cells’ contractility. No optimal method is currently available to assess CMC functionality. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a novel particle image velocimetry (PIV) method would provide accurate assessment of CMC contractility and maturity. Methods: We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from adult human cells using a highly efficient viral-free transfection of DNA and mRNA combination. iPSCs were further differentiated into functional CMCs with defined culture conditions. Results: To analyze the contractility of iPSC-derived CMCs (iCMCs), we recorded the same areas of culture plate at various time-points using high frame-rate video microscopy (Fig. A, n=11). A novel image analysis technique provided beat patterns time series data of cell displacement, measured relative to a resting reference state (Fig. B, C). As beat patterns of recordings in video microscopic images revealed, the contractility of early CMC nodes was asynchronous in space and irregular in time (Fig. D1-D2, three beating fields are marked as red, green and blue). During subsequent days after the onset of beating, however, the spatially distinct contractile centers became synchronous even as their frequency remained unstable (Fig. D3-D6). The transmission electron microscopic images confirmed a well-developed pattern of sarcomeres in late-stage (day 30) CMCs. Conclusions: This PIV image analysis is a novel method that enables assessment of CMC contractility multiple times, if necessary, without jeopardizing the biology of cells. This method may also prove beneficial for drug screening and detection of cardiotoxicity in iPSC-derived CMCs.