cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study on Facial Expression Recognition Ability of Autistic Children Using Ryan, A Rear-Projected Humanoid Robot

Rear-projected robots use computer graphics technology to create facial animations and project them on a mask to show the robot's facial cues and expressions. These types of robots are becoming commercially available, though more research is required to understand how they can be effectively used as a socially assistive robotic agent. This paper presents the results of a pilot study on comparing the facial expression recognition abilities of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with typically developing (TD) children using a rear-projected humanoid robot called Ryan. Six children with ASD and six TD children participated in this research, where Ryan showed them six basic expressions (i.e. anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) with different intensity levels. Participants were asked to identify the expressions portrayed by Ryan. The results of our study show that there is not any general impairment in expression recognition ability of the ASD group comparing to the TD control group; however, both groups showed deficiencies in identifying disgust and fear. Increasing the intensity of Ryan's facial expressions significantly improved the expression recognition accuracy. Both groups were successful to recognize the expressions demonstrated by Ryan with high average accuracy.
Antibiotic stewardship in the intensive care unit: Challenges and opportunities

Infections due to antibiotic-resistant organisms are increasing in prevalence and represent a major public health threat. Antibiotic overuse is a major driver of this epidemic, and antibiotic stewardship an important means of limiting antibiotic resistance. The intensive care unit (ICU) setting presents an intersection of opportunities and challenges for effective antibiotic stewardship, but limited data inform optimal stewardship interventions in this setting. In this review, we present unique considerations for stewardship interventions the ICU setting and summarize available data evaluating the impact of prospective audit and feedback, diagnostic test stewardship, rapid molecular diagnostic tests, and procalcitonin-guided algorithms for antibiotic discontinuation. The existing knowledge gaps ripe for future research are emphasized.
Who Gossips and How in Everyday Life

Although laypeople often view gossipers as immoral, uneducated, typically female, and of lower social class, no systematic observation has empirically revealed the characteristics of those who goss...
Spectroscopy and lifetime measurements near the proton drip line: P 26 , 27 , 28

We report on the observation of excited states in the neutron-deficient phosphorus isotopes $^{26,27,28}\mathrm{P}$ via in-beam $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy with both high-efficiency and high-resolution detector arrays. In $^{26}\mathrm{P}$, a previously unobserved level has been identified at 244(3) keV, two new measurements of the astrophysically important $3/{2}^{+}$ resonance in $^{27}\mathrm{P}$ have been performed, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ decays have been assigned to the proton-unbound levels at 2216 and 2483 keV in $^{28}\mathrm{P}$, and the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray line-shape method has been used to make the first determination of the lifetimes of the two lowest-lying excited states in $^{28}\mathrm{P}$. The expected Thomas-Ehrman shifts were calculated and applied to levels in the mirror nuclei. The resulting level energies from this procedure were then compared with the energies of known states in $^{26,27,28}\mathrm{P}$.
Hurricanes, disasters, and food insecurity: The intersection of two social events

Abstract Although food security and disasters are both well-studied social phenomenon, the intersection of them is less understood. This exploratory case study uses archival, unobtrusive data to begin to understand how Hurricane Sandy impacted the food security of the populations of two New Jersey Counties. Findings, although limited, point to the existence of a relationship between a disaster and the increased food insecurity of already vulnerable populations. Based on these findings, and a review of the literature, a preliminary conceptual framework is developed considering the interaction between disaster recovery and food security. Initial findings indicate the need for further research and data collection initiatives to better explore the intersection of these two social events.
Left main percutaneous coronary intervention-Radial versus femoral access: A systematic analysis

BACKGROUND Debate still occurs of the benefits of transradial access (TRA) versus transfemoral access (TFA), especially for complex percutaneous coronary interventions. Recent data has shown equivalent efficacy and improved safety outcomes with TRA. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis comparing procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes of TRA versus TFA in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for left main (LM) disease. METHODS We conducted an electronic database search of all published data for studies that compared TRA with TFA in patients undergoing PCI of LM disease. Event rates were compared using the odds ratio (OR) as a measure of effect size. Random-effects models were used to account for interstudy heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 12 observational studies including 17,258 patients (TRA n = 7,971; TFA n = 9,287) were included. Compared to TFA, TRA was associated with a significant reduction in access site bleeding (OR = 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04-0.26; I2 = 0%; p < .0001), major bleeding (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.27-0.69; I2 = 0%; p = .0005) or any bleeding episode (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.27-0.69; I2 = 12%; p = .0004). Rates of access site or vascular complications (OR = 0.26; 95% CI = 0.17-0.40; I2 = 0%; p < .00001) and in-hospital mortality (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.31-0.79: I2 = 11%; p = .004) were also lower in the TRA group. There were no significant differences in procedural outcomes between TRA and TFA except for a significant reduction in the rate of long-term target vessel revascularization (TVR) in the TRA group (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.41-0.94: I2 = 0%: p = .02). We further performed a subgroup analysis for unprotected left main PCI only, which showed a significant reduction in rates of any bleeding episode, lower access site or vascular complications, and in-hospital mortality with TRA as compared to TFA. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing PCI for LM disease via TRA have with less bleeding, reduced access site or vascular complications, reduced in-hospital mortality, comparable procedural success, and possibly better long-term clinical efficacy when compared to those undergoing the procedure via TFA.
MCUB REGULATES THE MOLECULAR COMPOSITION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM UNIPORTER CHANNEL TO LIMIT MITOCHONDRIAL CALCIUM OVERLOAD DURING STRESS

Background: The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (mtCU) is an ≈700-kD multisubunit channel residing in the inner mitochondrial membrane required for mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) uptake. Here, we detai...
The Creation of a Neotuberosum Population and its Incorporation into a Potato Breeding Program

In 1963, a project was started to shift the short day length adaptation of Andean tetraploid varieties to the long day adaptation of North American varieties. The method followed was recurrent selection. The purpose was to add diversity to the available breeding clones. The initial base for selection came from the Commonwealth Potato Collection of Solanum tuberosum group andigenum. As selection reduced the diversity of original clones, a second introduction from multiple sources was integrated. Essentially ten cycles of selection were achieved in 20 years. In that period it was possible to test for resistance to various diseases such as late blight, scab, cyst nematodes, and viruses PVX and PVY. Gradually the emphasis shifted to making hybrids of the long day adapted clones (neotuberosum) with tuberosum varieties. In the next two decades, the earliest variety releases were generally marginally successful. The first significant release was Eva in 1999. Now three more have been named and three are in the process of release. It has been a satisfying 56 years.
Distance Education in the Time of Coronavirus: Quick and Easy Strategies for Professors

A worldwide pandemic is forcing schools to close their doors. Yet the need to teach students remains. How can faculty – especially those who are not trained in technology-mediated teaching – maintain educational continuity? This Essay provides some suggestions and relatively quick and easy strategies for distance education in this time of coronavirus. While it is written from the perspective of teaching law school, it can be applied to teaching other humanities such as philosophy, literature, religion, political theory, and other subjects that do not easily lend themselves to charts, graphs, figures, and diagrams. This Essay includes an introductory technology section for those techno-phobic faculty who are now being required to teach online, and it concludes with five straightforward steps to start teaching online quickly.
The Effect of Exercise on Endothelin 1 Level in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension

Purpose Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, is elevated in heart failure as well as in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). To our knowledge little is known about ET-1 level in exercise induced pulmonary hypertension when compared to group 1 and 2 pulmonary hypertension. We aim to assess effect of exercise on ET-1 levels in different types of pulmonary hypertension. Methods A prospective study measuring ET-1 level in patient with PAH, heart failure induced pulmonary hypertension (D-PH), exercise induced PAH and exercise induced D-PH both at rest at peak exercise. Demographic and echo data were collected. Right heart cath was done to confirm diagnosis and type of pulmonary hypertension, which was followed by arm lifting exercise for 4 minutes (30 watts and decrease of MVO2 by >10%) using different weights. Exercise induced PAH defined as mean pulmonary pressure (mPA) 30 mmHg and pulmonary wedge (PW) 30 mmHg and PW >20 mmHg. Blood samples were collected to measure ET-1 level using ET-1 ELISA. Results A total of 77 patients were included in this study. 5 study groups were divided into: 10 control subjects, 18 patients with D-PH, 22 patients with PAH, 15 patients with Exercise D-PH and 12 patients with Exercise PAH. At rest, ET-1 level was the highest in Exercise-PAH compared to other groups 3.6 +/- 2 with p valule 0.04. Whereas, at peak exercise, ET-1 level was the highest in PAH compared to other groups with, 2.91 +/- 1.8 with p value of 0.05 (figure 1). Patients with D-PH had more evidence of diabetes mellitus, Obesity, smoking, dilated right atrium, right ventricular failure and were more elderly male. Conclusion At rest, ET-1 level is the highest in patients with exercise induced PAH, whereas at peak exercise, ET-1 is the highest in patients with PAH. Patients with heart failure induced pulmonary hypertension have more cardiac risk factors with evidence of right sided failure.
A Foundation for Inductive Reasoning in Harnessing the Potential of Big Data.

Training programs for statisticians and data scientists in healthcare should give greater importance to fostering inductive reasoning toward developing a mindset for optimizing Big Data. This can complement the current predominant focus on the hypothetico-deductive reasoning model, and is theoretically supported by the constructivist philosophy and Gestalt theory. Big-Data analytics is primarily exploratory in nature, aimed at discovery and innovation, and this requires fluid or inductive reasoning, which can be facilitated by epidemiological concepts (taxonomic and causal) as intuitive theories. Pedagogical strategies such as problem-based learning (PBL) and cooperative learning can be effective in this regard. Empirical research is required to ascertain instructors’ and practitioners’ perceptions about the role of inductive reasoning in Big-Data analytics, what constitutes effective pedagogy, and how core epidemiological concepts interact with the evidence from Big Data to produce outcomes. Together these can support the development of guidelines for an effective integrated curriculum for the training of statisticians and data scientists First published February 2020 at Statistics Education Research Journal Archives
Deep Learning Methods for Image Guidance in Radiation Therapy

Image guidance became one of the most important key technologies in radiation therapy in the last two decades. Nowadays medical images play a key role in virtually every aspect of the common treatment workflows. Advances in imaging hardware and algorithmic processing are enablers for substantial treatment quality improvements like online adaptation of the treatment, accounting for anatomical changes of the day, or intra-fraction motion monitoring and organ position verification during treatment. Going through this rapid development, an important observation is that further improvements of various methods heavily rely on model knowledge. In a classical sense such model knowledge is for example provided by mathematically formulated physical assumptions to ill-posed problems or by expert systems and heuristics. Recently, it became evident that in various applications such classical approaches get outperformed by data driven machine learning methods. Especially worth to mention is that this not only holds true in terms of precision and computational performance but also in terms of complexity reduction and maintainability. In this paper we provide an overview about the different stages in the X-ray based imaging pipeline in radiation therapy where machine learning based algorithms show promising results or are already applied in clinical routine.
Statistical scaling of geometric characteristics in stochastically generated pore microstructures

We analyze the statistical scaling of structural attributes of virtual porous microstructures that are stochastically generated by thresholding Gaussian random fields. Characterization of the extent at which randomly generated pore spaces can be considered as representative of a particular rock sample depends on the metrics employed to compare the virtual sample against its physical counterpart. Typically, comparisons against features and/patterns of geometric observables, e.g., porosity and specific surface area, flow-related macroscopic parameters, e.g., permeability, or autocorrelation functions are used to assess the representativeness of a virtual sample, and thereby the quality of the generation method. Here, we rely on manifestations of statistical scaling of geometric observables which were recently observed in real millimeter scale rock samples [13] as additional relevant metrics by which to characterize a virtual sample. We explore the statistical scaling of two geometric observables, namely porosity (ϕ) and specific surface area (SSA), of porous microstructures generated using the method of Smolarkiewicz and Winter [42] and Hyman and Winter [22]. Our results suggest that the method can produce virtual pore space samples displaying the symptoms of statistical scaling observed in real rock samples. Order q sample structure functions (statistical moments of absolute increments) of ϕ and SSA scale as a power of the separation distance (lag) over a range of lags, and extended self-similarity (linear relationship between log structure functions of successive orders) appears to be an intrinsic property of the generated media. The width of the range of lags where power-law scaling is observed and the Hurst coefficient associated with the variables we consider can be controlled by the generation parameters of the method.
Systemic HDAC3 inhibition ameliorates impairments in synaptic plasticity caused by simulated galactic cosmic radiation exposure in male mice.

Deep space travel presents a number of measurable risks including exposure to a spectrum of radiations of varying qualities, termed galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) that are capable of penetrating the spacecraft, traversing through the body and impacting brain function. Using rodents, studies have reported that exposure to simulated GCR leads to cognitive impairments associated with changes in hippocampus function that can persist as long as one-year post exposure with no sign of recovery. Whether memory can be updated to incorporate new information in mice exposed to GCR is unknown. Further, mechanisms underlying long lasting impairments in cognitive function as a result of GCR exposure have yet to be defined. Here, we examined whether whole body exposure to simulated GCR using 6 ions and doses of 5 or 30 cGy interfered with the ability to update an existing memory or impact hippocampal synaptic plasticity, a cellular mechanism believed to underlie memory processes, by examining long term potentiation (LTP) in acute hippocampal slices from middle aged male mice 3.5-5 months after radiation exposure. Using a modified version of the hippocampus-dependent object location memory task developed by our lab termed "Objects in Updated Locations" (OUL) task we find that GCR exposure impaired hippocampus-dependent memory updating and hippocampal LTP 3.5-5 months after exposure. Further, we find that impairments in LTP are reversed through one-time systemic subcutaneous injection of the histone deacetylase 3 inhibitor RGFP 966 (10 mg/kg), suggesting that long lasting impairments in cognitive function may be mediated at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms.
If We Charge Them, Will They Come? Fostering Positive Relationships with Students by Remaining Fine-Free

The purpose of this article is to explore what we consider the successes of a fine-free policy for a small academic library. This discussion is by no means a recommended model for libraries of all sizes and situations. Rather, we hope that our experience, in part or in whole, may have merit for other librarians who are considering a departure from fines. This article examines one of the most persistent library conventions through the lens of social theory, and shows the positive impact of its absence. We consider the implications of fines for both patrons and librarians, and establish the importance of reciprocal trust. In identifying the factors that motivate patrons to use the library, we elaborate on what constitutes an effective fine-free approach.
Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) is required for organization of the mitochondrial sheath in spermatids

Abstract Background Mitochondrial fission counterbalances fusion to maintain organelle morphology, but its role during development remains poorly characterized. Mammalian spermatogenesis is a complex developmental process involving several drastic changes to mitochondrial shape and organization. Mitochondria are generally small and spherical in spermatogonia, elongate during meiosis, and fragment in haploid round spermatids. Near the end of spermatid maturation, small mitochondrial spheres line the axoneme, elongate, and tightly wrap around the midpiece to form the mitochondrial sheath, which is critical for fueling flagellar movements. It remains unclear how these changes in mitochondrial morphology are regulated and how they affect sperm development. Methods We used genetic ablation of Mff (mitochondrial fission factor) in mice to investigate the role of mitochondrial fission during mammalian spermatogenesis. Results Our analysis indicates that Mff is required for mitochondrial fragmentation in haploid round spermatids and for organizing mitochondria in the midpiece in elongating spermatids. In Mff mutant mice, round spermatids have aberrantly elongated mitochondria that often show central constrictions, suggestive of failed fission events. In elongating spermatids and spermatozoa, mitochondrial sheaths are disjointed, containing swollen mitochondria with large gaps between organelles. These mitochondrial abnormalities in Mff mutant sperm are associated with reduced respiratory chain Complex IV activity, aberrant sperm morphology and motility, and reduced fertility. Conclusions Mff is required for organization of the mitochondrial sheath in mouse sperm. General Significance Mitochondrial fission plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial organization during a complex developmental process.
Safety of direct oral anticoagulants in solid organ transplant recipients: A meta-analysis.

There is limited evidence comparing direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and warfarin in solid organ transplant recipients. We performed a pooled analysis to study the safety and efficacy of DOACS in this patient population. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using the search terms "heart transplant" or "lung transplant" or "liver transplant" or kidney transplant" or "pancreas transplant" and "direct oral anticoagulant" for literature search. Random effects model with Mantel-Haenszel method was used to pool the outcomes. Pooled analysis included 489 patients, of which 259 patients received DOACs and 230 patients received warfarin. When compared to warfarin, the use of direct oral anticoagulants was associated with decreased risk of composite bleed (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32 - 0.76, p = 0.002). There were no differences in rates of major bleeding (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.20 - 1.49, p = 0.24) or venous thromboembolism (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.25 - 1.70, p = 0.38) between the two groups. Evidence from pooled analysis suggests that DOACs are comparable to warfarin in terms of safety in solid organ transplant recipients. Further research is warranted to conclusively determine whether DOACs are safe alternatives to warfarin for anticoagulation in solid organ transplant recipients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Optimal link adaptation in wideband CDMA systems

We develop a general framework for optimizing link adaptation for multiuser CDMA systems in the wideband limit. The framework is then used to solve for the optimal power control policy that minimizes average transmit power while satisfying a constraint on the per-user probability of packet loss due to deadline expiration. The optimal link adaptation is found through an infinite horizon dynamic program. Typical dynamic programming formulations do not perform well for CDMA systems since the size of the problem grows exponentionally with the number of users. We show that in the limiting regime of long spreading codes and large numbers of, users the problem size collapses to that of a single user formulation, allowing us to solve previously intractable problems. In particular, we consider a concrete example of power control in a CDMA system with deadline constrained traffic. We solve for the optimal power control policy and examine the tradeoffs between power consumption, probability of deadline expiration, and number of users In the system. Finally we present simulation results evaluating the accuracy of the wideband limit when used as an approximation for finite bandwidth systems. We show that the optimal power control and resulting performance for the limiting regime is a reasonable approximation for the large bandwidths expected in next generation wireless systems.
Wide-range restructuring of intermediate representations in machine translation

This paper describes a wide-range restructuring of intermediate representations in machine translation, which is necessary for bridging stylistic gaps between source and target languages and for generating natural target sentences.We propose a practical way of designing machine translation systems, based on the transfer method, that deal with wide-range restructuring. The transfer component should be divided into two separate subcomponents: the wide-range restructuring sub-component and the basic transfer sub-component. The first sub-component deals specifically with global reorganization of intermediate representations in order to bridge the stylistic gaps between source and target languages, and the second performs local and straightforward processing, including lexical transfer and basic structural transfer.This approach provides us with an effective basis for improving translation quality by systematically enhancing the transfer rules without sacrificing the clarity and maintainability of the transfer component. It also guarantees that most of the translation process can be based on the augmented Context Free Grammar (CFG) formalism and the so-called compositionality principle, by which we can both systematically expand and maintain linguistic data and design the simplified process control necessary for an efficient machine translation system.
Suprapubic cystostomy in gynecologic surgery: A comparison of two methods

Abstract Two methods of suprapubic cystostomy for postoperative bladder drainage were evaluated in 195 patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and anterior repair at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. The male urethral sound technique is easier to perform and is associated with fewer operative complications and postoperative urinary tract morbidity than the trocar method.
Are Endowments Fate

In recent theories of comparative development the role of institutional differences has been crucial. Yet what explains comparative institutional evolution? We investigate this issue by studying the coffee exporting economies of Latin America. While homogeneous in many ways, they experienced radically different paths of economic (and political) development which is conventional traced to the differential organization of the coffee industry. We show that the different forms that the coffee economy took in the 19th century was critically determined by the legal environment determining access to land, and that different laws resulted from differences in the nature of political competition. Our analysis suggests that explanations of institutional differences that stress economic fundamentals can only be part of the story. At least in the economies we study, while geography, factor endowments and technology are clearly important, their implications for the institutional structure and thus development are conditional on the form that political competition takes in society. Endowments are not fate.
Monte Carlo simulations of fermion systems: The determinant method

Described are the details for performing Monte Carlo simulations on systems of fermions at finite temperatures by use of a technique called the Determinant Method. This method is based on a functional integral formulation of the fermion problem [Blankenbecler et al., Phys. Rev. D 24, 2278 (1981)] in which the quartic fermion-fermion interactions that exist for certain models are transformed into bilinear ones by the introduction [J. Hirsch, Phys. Rev. B 28, 4059 (1983)] of Ising-like variables and an additional finite dimension, It is on the transformed problem the Monte Carlo simulations are performed. A brief summary of research on two such model problems, the spinless fermion lattice gas and the Anderson impurity problem, is also given.
New method of intrauterine evaluation by the combined use of fetoscopy and ultrasound

Abstract The intrauterine contents of 27 of 28 patients about to have therapeutic abortion were successfully visualized with a technique combining the localizing abilities of ultrasound and the viewing capabilities of a new small-diameter fetoscope. It is believed that this technique has great potential in the prenatal diagnosis of inherited disease and other birth dejects.
Cost effective packaging of LEDs for fiber optics

Fiber optics in the local area network environment must be cost competitive with copper wire solutions. In this paper several packaging solutions meeting this criteria for LED based fiber optic solutions are described. One solution involves the use of 650 nm LED packaging technology primarily designed for 960 /spl mu/m diameter plastic optical fiber but when 200 or 400 /spl mu/m diameter hard clad silica fibers are employed extended distances can be achieved. This package uses leadframe technology with clear transfer molding compound and a molded lens to achieve its performance. For 850 nm LEDs, another solution is designed for effective use with multimode glass fibers such as 62.5 /spl mu/m diameter core fiber but it can also be used with hard clad silica fibers. In this case injected molded piece parts are used for the precision ferrule sleeve and the precision secondary lens. >
Using Video Feedback to Improve Martial Arts Performance

This study used video feedback to enhance the martial arts performance of capoeira, an Afro-Brazilian martial art that utilizes acrobatic movements (revesado, au de costa, and macaco). A multiple baseline across behaviors was used for five participants where baseline conditions consisted of standard coaching. The intervention consisted of video feedback, in which the participants were filmed attempting a movement and immediately viewed the video afterwards, while receiving positive and corrective feedback from the instructor. The target behaviors were scored on a 15-item checklist, resulting in a percentage correct. A second video feedback condition similar to the first was also introduced to some participants, in which participants practiced the movements with live feedback before being filmed again. Results show that the video feedback conditions increased performance over baseline in most cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomistic simulation of thermomechanical properties of β-SiC

A classical bond-order interatomic potential function developed by Tersoff has been applied to study the structural, mechanical, thermal, vibrational, and surface properties of \ensuremath{\beta}-SiC. The potential has been modified to eliminate the unphysical effects associated with large volumetric deformation. Fundamental bulk properties, e.g., phonon dispersion curves, thermal expansion coefficient, equation of state, elastic constants, as well as surface relaxation and reconstruction have been studied. Comparisons with available literature data indicate that the modified Tersoff potential gives a reasonably good description of the interatomic forces in \ensuremath{\beta}-SiC, including angle-dependent interactions, provided only nearest-neighbor interactions are allowed.
Do Corporate Venture Capitalists Add Value to Startup Firms? Evidence from IPOs and Acquisitions of VC-Backed Companies

Do corporate venture capitalists (CVCs) add value to startup companies? We present evidence that they do, but under one condition: when the startups have a strategic fit with the parent corporations of CVCs. We show that CVCs provide a variety of services and support that appear to suit the specific needs of startups operating in different industries. We find that startups with CVC backing obtain higher valuations at the IPO than those without, and that the higher valuations concentrate in startups that have a strategic fit with CVC parent corporations. This positive effect of strategic CVC backing is robust to correcting for the endogeneity of CVC backing, is not driven by the superior project selection ability of CVCs, is over and beyond the effect of general corporate alliances, and is not reversed in the long run. We also find that CVC-backed targets receive higher takeover premiums in acquisitions, again only when there is a strategic relation between the targets and the CVC parents. Overall, our findings support the conclusion that CVCs can add value when they make strategically oriented investments in entrepreneurial companies.
Gender, dietary restraint, and smoking's influence on hunger and the reinforcing value of food

Smoking may enhance satiety following meal consumption, thereby reducing subsequent eating (i.e., between-meal snacks), especially in women high in dietary restraint. Female smokers (n = 20, 10 high and 10 low restraint) and male smokers (n = 10) participated in two sessions, involving overnight abstinence from food and smoking (smoking abstinence day) or from food only (smoking day), in a within-subjects design. The reinforcing value of food was determined by the number of responses made to obtain food reinforcers (100-kcal snack portions) vs. money using a concurrent schedules computer task. Subjects were given a small caloric load on each day followed by access to food vs. money. On the smoking day, subjects were allowed to smoke every 30 min during the session as well as ad lib before the session. Self-reported hunger was also assessed upon arrival (after fasting) and following the caloric load during each session. Results indicated no effect of smoking on initial hunger rating, after fasting, but hunger ratings following the caloric load declined significantly more during smoking vs. abstinence days for all subjects, consistent with an enhancement of postmeal satiety due to smoking. There was no overall main effect of smoking on food-reinforced responding. However, responding for food was significantly less during the smoking vs. abstinence days for high-restraint females only and not for low-restraint females or for males. These findings indicate that smoking's acute influence on reducing food intake does not reflect a broad gender difference but may be specific to dietary restraint.
“We are black folks first”: the black freedom struggle in Rochester, NY and the making of Malcolm X

This paper illustrates the intersection of the Civil Rights Movement in Rochester, NY with Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam. Drawing on newspapers, organizational records, and oral history interviews, I develop a community study that examines Malcolm X's relationship to this small northern city, prior to its 1964 “race riot.” I argue three points: 1) Rochester had a significant impact on Malcolm's evolving philosophy as it related to black unity; 2) national tensions between the Nation of Islam and civil rights organizations, while seen as irreconcilable in the dominant literature, were not necessarily reproduced at the local level; 3) the study of the black movement in smaller cities like Rochester tells a different story, and in so doing reshapes and transforms the larger national narratives. The Rochester case provides a more nuanced telling of Malcolm's life and labors throughout the Sixties.
Effect of Cardiotonic Lactones on Calcium Metabolism of Dog Cardiac Microsomes

The effects of several lactones were studied in a microsomal fraction of dog myocardium thought to be sarcoplasmic reticulum. The lactones increased the steady-state accumulation and turnover of calcium only in the presence of ATP, and augmented the calcium-stimulated ATPase activity. When the effective concentrations of the lactones were exceeded, there were no further alterations in calcium accumulation or turnover. A correlation between the capacity of these lactones to increase calcium accumulation and turnover and their relative cardiotonic activity, as reported in the literature, was noted. The potency of the lactones in relation to calcium metabolism in the microsomes is influenced by ring saturation, position of the double bond, and presence of a steroid ring system to the lactone moiety.
Kinetic Energy Flux versus Poynting Flux in Magnetohydrodynamic Winds and Jets: The Intermediate Regime

We show that the formal asymptotic limit for all rotating polytropic axisymmetric perfect MHD flows is a kinetic energy-dominated wind that collimates to paraboloids around the symmetry axis. We reach this result by showing that another a priori possible solution with finite Poynting flux can be excluded on the following physical grounds: (1) the wind velocity does not exceed the fast mode speed everywhere and (2) the circumpolar current increases with distance from the source. We show that asymptotic hoop stress collimation is mathematically robust and we give strong arguments why recent "anticollimation" claims are not correct. However, in practice, because of the very slow logarithmic decline of the circumpolar current with increasing distance from the source, there is a broad intermediate regime with significant Poynting flux. This intermediate regime, rather than the mathematically exact asymptotic regime, may well apply along the finite length of the jet. We briefly discuss peculiarities that would be associated with Poynting jets in the intermediate regime. Force-free initial conditions in the near field are most likely to produce such jets, in which most of the energy flux is electromagnetic.
Telemedicine Consultations in Congenital Heart Disease: Assessment of Advanced Technical Capabilities

Objective To assess the value of adding remote pointer and dynamic display capabilities to a telemedicine system designed to provide consultative services for patients with congenital heart disease. Material and Methods Independent observations by the referring physician and the consulting physician provided the data for the assessment. Fifty-four teleconsultations involving 38 patients with 21 different congenital heart diseases were analyzed. The teleconsultations were based on previously obtained cineangiograms that were digitized and then transmitted by combined satellite and terrestrial-based technology. The observations, recorded by each physician at his workstation at the time of each teleconsultation, were summarized and analyzed statistically. Results In 108 observations, the pointer was believed to be helpful in 72 (67%), and dynamic display was helpful in 96 (89%). Conclusion This study suggests that use of a pointer and dynamic display enhances teleconsultations for patients with congenital heart disease.
Sphingomyelinase in cultured skin fibroblasts from normal and Niemann‐Pick type C patients

The spingomyelinase activities of extracts of normal cultured skin fibroblasts were compared with those obtained from Niemann-Pick disease Type A and B patients, and from a number of patients with a provisional clinical diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease Type C. Even though fibroblasts from Type A and B patients were shown to be clearly deficient (<5% residual activity) the activity in Type C fibroblasts varied from approximately 50% of the lowest control value to normal activity. Isoelectric focussing of extracts of normal cultured skin fibroblasts on polyacrylamide gels revealed the presence of sphingomyelinase heterogeneity. However, no characteristic change in the behaviour of the enzyme in corresponding extracts from Niemann-Pick Type C cells was observed, suggesting that, if the defect in this condition is expressed in fibroblasts, it does not manifest biochemically in the appearance or disappearance of a specific sphingomyelinase isoenzyme. Our data suggest that the heterogeneity observed in fibroblast extracts may simply reflect an interaction of the enzyme either with itself or with other hydrophobic components present in the cellular extracts.
CEFTRIAXONE (CTX) KINETICS AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) CONCENTRATIONS IN INFANTS AFTER LOADING (LD) AND MAINTENANCE DOSES (MD)

Thirteen infants (0.4-1.4 yrs) with meningitis were studied. CTX therapy consisted of a 75 mg/kg LD, followed by 50 mg/kg MD every 12 hrs IV over 10 minutes. Simultaneous blood and CSF samples were obtained in 11 infants at 11.5-12.8 hr after LD. In 3 of these, multiple blood samples were collected after the LD and after 9-10 days of MD; simultaneous blood and CSF samples were also collected at 1.25-5.75 hr at steady-state. CTX was measured by HPLC. Simultaneous serum and CSF concentration ranged from 10.5-40.3 and 1.8-8.0 μg/ml after the loading dose and 74-139 and 5.8-7.9 μg/ml at steady-state, respectively. After LD and at steady-state, CTX total clearance was 1.06±0.18 and 0.64±0.06 ml/min/kg (P<0.05), distribution volume was 0.33±0.06 and 0.26±0.06 L/kg and elimination half-life was 3.67±0.06 and 4.61±0.28 hr, respectively. A higher CTX clearance at higher dose may be partly due to concentration-dependent plasma protein binding of CTX reported in adults. Although the CSF/serum concentration was low, the CSF bactericidal titers exceeded 1:512 suggesting a great potential for CTX therapy of central nervous system infections due to susceptible organisms.
Stereo- and regio-controlled functionalization of cycloheptene using organomolybdenum chemistry

Abstract Cycloheptene is readily converted to the cationic cycloheptadiene-Mo(C0) 2 Cp complex, which reacts with a range of nucleophiles; hydride abstraction from the product π-allyl-Mo(C0) 2 Cp complexes give substituted cycloheptadiene complexes which react with a second nucleophile stereospecifically, and decomplexation of the π-allyl complexes gives substituted cycloheptene derivatives with defined relative stereochemistry.
Cosmopolitanism: in search of cosmos

The essay seeks to disentangle the meaning or meanings of the catch word ‘‘cosmopolitanism’’. To contribute to its clarification, the essay distinguishes between three main interpretations: empirical, normative, and practical or interactive. In the first reading, the term coincides basically with ‘‘globalization’’ where the latter refers to such economic and technical processes as the global extension of financial and communications networks. A different meaning is given to the term by normative thinkers like Kant, Rawls, and Habermas. In this reading, cosmopolitanism refers to a set of moral and/or legal norms or principles governing international politics, regardless of whether these principles are derived from ‘‘noumenal’’ consciousness, an ‘‘original position’’ or rational discourse. Noting the is/ought dilemma troubling normativism, the essay introduces the further meaning of practical interaction. Indebted to the teachings of pragmatism, hermeneutics, and virtue ethics, this reading mitigates the split between norm and conduct through practical engagement and education. Keywords: globalization; liquidity; banal cosmopolitansim; normativism; pragmatism; hermeneutics (Published: 12 September 2012) Citation: Ethics & Global Politics, Vol. 5 , No. 3, 2012, pp. 171-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/egp.v5i3.18618
Selective chemical labeling reveals the genome-wide distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

In contrast to 5-methylcytosine (5-mC), which has been studied extensively, little is known about 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), a recently identified epigenetic modification present in substantial amounts in certain mammalian cell types. Here we present a method for determining the genome-wide distribution of 5-hmC. We use the T4 bacteriophage β-glucosyltransferase to transfer an engineered glucose moiety containing an azide group onto the hydroxyl group of 5-hmC. The azide group can be chemically modified with biotin for detection, affinity enrichment and sequencing of 5-hmC-containing DNA fragments in mammalian genomes. Using this method, we demonstrate that 5-hmC is present in human cell lines beyond those previously recognized. We also find a gene expression level-dependent enrichment of intragenic 5-hmC in mouse cerebellum and an age-dependent acquisition of this modification in specific gene bodies linked to neurodegenerative disorders.
Absorptive model of kaon photoproduction.

The absorptive kaon photoproduction model of Tanabe, Kohno, and Bennhold is examined. It is found that this model predicts the wrong sign for the target polarization observable. It is further found that this problem can be remedied within the model's original form. The model is therefore quite flexible. Comparisons are made with recent calculations.
The Ocular Redness Index: A Novel Automated Method for Measuring Ocular Injection

Purpose. To develop and validate a novel automated system to assess ocular redness (OR) in clinical images.
Three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer in the microchannel heat sink for electronic packaging

Abstract A three-dimensional model is developed to investigate flow and conjugate heat transfer in the microchannel-based heat sink for electronic packaging applications. The incompressible laminar Navier–Stokes equations of motion are employed as the governing conservation equations which are numerically solved using the generalized single-equation framework for solving conjugate problems. The theoretical model developed is validated by comparing the predictions of the thermal resistance and the friction coefficient with available experimental data for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. The detailed temperature and heat flux distributions as well as the average heat transfer characteristics are reported and discussed. The analysis provides a unique fundamental insight into the complex heat flow pattern established in the channel due to combined convection–conduction effects in the three-dimensional setting. Important practical recommendations are also provided regarding the cooling efficiency of the microchannel heat sinks as well as a possible failure due to the thermal stresses induced by the extremely large temperature gradient at the entrance of the channels.
Economic consequences of consideration of permanence, leakage and additionality for soil carbon sequestration projects

This paper introduces, explains, and describes methods for addressing the issues of permanence, leakage, and additionality (PLA) of agricultural soil carbon sequestration (ASCS) activities at the project level. It is important to cast these as project-level issues, because they relate to the integrity and consistency of using location-specific ASCS projects as an offset against GHG emissions generated in other sectors (e.g., energy). The underlying objective is to understand and quantify what the net carbon benefits of an ASCS project are once we account for the fact that (1) the sequestered carbon may be stored impermanently, (2) the project may displace emissions outside the project boundaries (leakage), and (3) the project’s carbon sequestration may not be entirely additional to what would have occurred anyway under business-as-usual (no project) conditions. This article evaluates methods for identifying and estimating PLA and gauges the potential magnitude of these effects on the economic returns to a project.
miR-3151 interplays with its host gene BAALC and independently affects outcome of patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia

High BAALC expression levels are associated with poor outcome in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) patients. Recently, miR-3151 was discovered in intron 1 of BAALC. To evaluate the prognostic significance of miR-3151 expression levels and to gain insight into the biologic and prognostic interplay between miR-3151 and its host, miR-3151 and BAALC expression were measured in pretreatment blood of 179 CN-AML patients. Gene-expression profiling and miRNA-expression profiling were performed using microarrays. High miR-3151 expression was associated with shorter disease-free and overall survival, whereas high BAALC expression predicted failure of complete remission and shorter overall survival. Patients exhibiting high expression of both miR-3151 and BAALC had worse outcome than patients expressing low levels of either gene or both genes. In gene-expression profiling, high miR-3151 expressers showed down-regulation of genes involved in transcriptional regulation, posttranslational modification, and cancer pathways. Two genes, FBXL20 and USP40, were validated as direct miR-3151 targets. The results of the present study show that high expression of miR-3151 is an independent prognosticator for poor outcome in CN-AML and affects different outcome end points than its host gene, BAALC. The combination of both markers identified a patient subset with the poorest outcome. This interplay between an intronic miR and its host may have important biologic implications.