cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Speed Dependence of 22- and 118-GHz Line Shapes for Tropospheric Remote Sensing

Line shapes are influenced by the dependence of collision cross sections on molecular speeds, with resulting effect on the absorption of up to a few percents. Speed-dependence effects on the water line at 22.23 GHz and the oxygen line at 118.75 GHz are calculated for atmospheric conditions common in midlatitudes. The effect on water vapor profiles retrieved with a ground-based microwave radiometer shows an impact (in simulations) comparable in magnitude to those of measurement errors and of uncertainties in spectroscopic parameters.
Conscientious Objection in Medicine: Making it Public.

The literature on conscientious objection in medicine presents two key problems that remain unresolved: (a) Which conscientious objections in medicine are justified, if it is not feasible for individual medical practitioners to conclusively demonstrate the genuineness or reasonableness of their objections (“the justification problem”)? (b) How does one respect both medical practitioners’ claims of conscience and patients’ interests, without leaving practitioners complicit in perceived or actual wrongdoing (“the complicity problem”)? My aim in this paper is to offer a new framework for conscientious objections in medicine, which, by bringing medical professionals’ conscientious objection into the public realm, solves the justification and complicity problems. In particular, I will argue that: (a) an “Uber Conscientious Objection in Medicine Committee” (“UCOM Committee”)—which includes representatives from the medical community and from other professions, as well as from various religions and from the patient population—should assess various well-known conscientious objections in medicine in terms of public reason and decide which conscientious objections should be permitted, without hearing out individual conscientious objectors; (b) medical practitioners should advertise their (UCOM Committee preapproved) conscientious objections, ahead of time, in an online database that would be easily accessible to the public, without being required, in most cases, to refer patients to non-objecting practitioners.
A Conceptual Model Linking Acculturative Stress to Consumption for Symbolic Self-Completion Among First Generation Immigrants in the U.S.

Purpose of the present study was to propose a conceptual model based on Symbolic Self-Completion theory, delineating the relationship between symbolic self-completion, acculturative stress, duration of stay in the U.S., and the purchase intentions for ethnic identity related apparel among the first-generation immigrants in the U.S. We proposed that (PI) commitment to ethnic identity positively influences acculturative stress; (P2) when the duration of stay in the U.S. is less (more), higher commitment to ethnic identity predicts higher (lower) acculturative stress; (P3) when the perceived feeling of incompleteness in ethnic identity is higher (lower), higher commitment to ethnic identity will predict higher (lower) acculturative stress; (P4) Acculturative stress positively influences the usage of symbols for ethnic self-definition; (P5) usage of symbols for ethnic self-definition positively influences the purchase intentions for ethnic identity-related apparel products. Based on these propositions and the conceptual model, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Über die Entwicklungsfähigkeit der parthenogenetischen Eier

Das Beispiel der Tiere, die sich wie die Blattlause, gewisse Krustazeen, oder gewisse Schmetterlinge, viele Generationen hindurch parthenogenetisch fortpflanzen, last keinen Zweifel daruber, das parthenogenetische Larven in gewissen Formen ebenso lebensfahig sind, wie die durch Samenbefruchtung entstandenen. Ein besonders deutliches Beispiel liefern auch die Bienen und geselligen Wespen, bei denen die stets parthenogenetisch entstandenen Mannchen ebenfalls den Weibchen an Entwicklungsfahigkeit nicht nachstehen. Bei den Seidenspinnern scheint aber bereits ein Unterschied zu bestehen. Nur die Sommereier scheinen sich parthenogenetisch zu entwickeln, und auch bei diesen scheinen die sich entwickelnden Larven nur ausnahmsweise ihre volle Reife zu erreichen. Nach allem, was wir bisher besprochen haben, darf man vielleicht schliesen, das bei den Bieneneiern und den Eiern der Aphiden die im Ei gebildeten Stoffe ausreichen, die Entwicklung in die richtigen Bahnen zu lenken, wahrend bei den Eiern der Seidenspinner noch eine zweite Variable im Spiel ist, die einstweilen ebenfalls unbekannt ist; bei einzelnen Eiern mag der Zufall diese Variable in der richtigen Grosenordnung treffen, und dann kann eine normale Entwicklung stattfinden, sonst nicht.
Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

The exact prevalence and incidence of CTEPH are not known. The incidence of CTEPH after acute PE is a matter of much debate. Current estimates indicate an incidence of 0.56% for all comers and around 3% for survivors within 2 years of the acute event. The most consistent risk factors associated with CTEPH are unprovoked PE, recurrent PE, and antiphospholipid antibodies. In some studies, CTEPH was misclassified as an acute PE presentation. Screening for CTEPH is recommended in PE survivors who remained dyspneic after 3 months. CTEPH should also be suspected in patients with unexplained pulmonary hypertension. The ventilation–perfusion scan is the screening test of choice given its sensitivity approaching 100% and its ease of interpretation. An abnormal result should be further assessed with pulmonary angiography, typically by means of computed tomography. If the CT does not provide definitive evidence of CTEPH, digital subtraction angiography is required. Echocardiography and right heart catheterization are mandatory to establish the presence of pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension.
Glucosamine/Chondroitin and Mortality in a US NHANES Cohort

Background: Limited previous studies in the United Kingdom or a single US state have demonstrated an association between intake of glucosamine/chondroitin and mortality. This study sought to investigate the association between regular consumption of glucosamine/chondroitin and overall and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in a national sample of US adults. Methods: Combined data from 16,686 participants in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2010, merged with the 2015 Public-use Linked Mortality File. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted for both CVD and all-cause mortality. Results: In the study sample, there were 658 (3.94%) participants who had been taking glucosamine/chondroitin for a year or longer. During followup (median, 107 months), there were 3366 total deaths (20.17%); 674 (20.02%) were due to CVD. Respondents taking glucosamine/chondroitin were less likely to have CVD mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.92). After controlling for age, use was associated with a 39% reduction in all-cause (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49–0.77) and 65% reduction (HR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.20–0.61) in CVD mortality. Multivariable-adjusted HR showed that the association was maintained after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, and physical activity (all-cause mortality, HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57–0.93; CVD mortality, HR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23–0.75). Conclusions: Regular intake of glucosamine/chondroitin is associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality in a national US cohort and the findings are consistent with previous studies in other populations. Prospective studies to confirm the link may be warranted.
Observer of Coupled Hyperbolic PDEs for Deep-sea Construction Vessel Vibrations

Abstract Motivated by vibration state estimation of a deep-sea construction vessel used to install oil drilling equipment on the seafloor, this paper presents state observer design of a 4 × 4 coupled heterodirectional hyperbolic PDE-ODE system, characterized by spatially-varying coefficients and a time-varying domain. The exponential stability of the observer error system is proved via Lyapunov analysis. Effective estimation of lateral-longitudinal coupled vibration states of the deep-sea construction vessel is verified in numerical simulation.
Presence and Implications of Sarcopenia in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis

Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of muscle strength, mass, and functionality, confers a poor prognosis in the setting of cirrhosis. Given its clinical significance, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to cirrhosis, sarcopenia, and their co-occurrence may improve these patients’ outcomes. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) shares many of the same etiologies as sarcopenia, including insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and ectopic adipocyte deposition, which are hallmarks of metabolic syndrome (MS). NASH thus serves as a prime candidate for further exploration into the underlying pathophysiology and relationship between these three conditions. In this review, we discuss the natural history of NASH and sarcopenia, explore the interplay between these conditions in the scope of MS, and seek to better define how an assessment of muscle mass, strength, and functionality in this population is key to improved diagnosis and management of patients with sarcopenia and NASH.
A comparison of office-based buprenorphine treatment outcomes in Bronx community clinics before versus during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction In 2020, the US and New York City experienced unprecedented deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic and drug overdoses. Policy changes reduced burdensome regulations for medication treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite these policy changes, few studies examined buprenorphine treatment outcomes during the pandemic. We compared treatment outcomes among Bronx patients referred to office-based buprenorphine treatment before versus during the pandemic. Methods In a retrospective cohort study, we compared patients referred to buprenorphine treatment in a Bronx community clinic before (March–August 2019) versus during (March–August 2020) the pandemic. We describe changes to buprenorphine treatment during the pandemic, including telehealth and prioritizing harm reduction. Using data from medical records and program logs, main outcomes included steps of the OUD treatment cascade of care—initial visit scheduled and completed, treatment initiated, and retained in treatment at 90 days. Using chi square and t-tests, we examined differences in patient characteristics and OUD treatment cascade steps before versus during the pandemic. Results Before and during the pandemic, 72 and 35 patients were referred to buprenorphine treatment, respectively. Patients' mean age was 46 years, most were male (67.3%) or Hispanic (52.3%), and few had private insurance (19.6%). Patients referred during (vs. before) the pandemic were more likely to have private insurance (31.4% vs. 13.9%, p < 0.05) and be referred from acute care settings (37.1% vs. 19.4%, p < 0.05). No significant differences in OUD cascade of care outcomes existed between those referred during versus before the pandemic. However, among patients who initiated buprenorphine treatment, those referred during (vs. before) the pandemic were more likely to be retained in treatment at 90 days (68.0% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.05). Conclusions Despite the COVID-19 pandemic's unprecedented devastation to the Bronx, along with worsening drug overdose deaths, OUD cascade of care outcomes were similar among patients referred to buprenorphine treatment before versus during the pandemic. Among patients who initiated buprenorphine treatment, treatment retention was better during (versus before) the pandemic. During a public health emergency, incorporating telehealth and prioritizing harm reduction are key strategies to maintain optimal OUD treatment outcomes.
Does Experiencing Racialized Aggressions on Social Media Influence Perceptions About the Campus Racial Climate

The purpose of this study was to use structural equation modeling to examine how the experience of racialized aggressions on social media influenced the perceptions of campus racial climate for undergraduate students of color (n = 771). Findings suggest that students who experienced racialized aggressions on social media did report less positive perceptions of campus diversity climate. Given that in-person and online environments are growing evermore seamless for students, this has implications for campus climate and diversity programming.
Web-Based Learning in Qatar and the GCC States

CIRS publishes original research on a variety of topics of relevance to the Middle East in general and to the Gulf region in particular.
Management of community-acquired pneumonia: a focus on conversion from hospital to the ambulatory setting.

Patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are treated in hospital or in the ambulatory care setting depending on the severity of illness. Despite numerous guidelines proposed, there is no agreement on specific criteria for hospitalization other than the clinicians’ experience. The purpose of this review is to discuss the importance of the appropriate choice and timely administration of antibacterial agents, either in the hospital or in the outpatient setting.
The Optimum Quality Index for a Spatial Redundant 4–8 in-Parallel Manipulator

The quality index for a redundant 4–41 in-parallel manipulator with a square platform and a square base was obtained previously. In this paper the optimum quality index for a redundant 4–8 manipulator is determined. The device has a square platform and an octagonal base connected by eight legs. The quality index is a dimensionless ratio which takes a maximum value of 1 at a central symmetrical configuration that is shown to correspond to the maximum value of the square root of the determinant of the product of the manipulator Jacobian by its transpose. The Jacobian matrix is none other than the normalized coordinates of the eight leg lines. It is shown that the quality index can be used as a constructive measure of not only acceptable and optimum design proportions but also an acceptable operating workspace.
Fusion Laser Development at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

In the pursuit of laser fusion, the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (LLL) has undertaken a broad program of glass laser development and construction. This paper reviews the history of this effort,1 and indicates its future thrust. The CYCLOPS, JANUS, ARGUS, and SHIVA lasers are described, and possible larger lasers are discussed.
Dynamical ecologic taxes: Public control for interrelated renewable resources

Abstract The free access use of interrelated renewable resources creates a mis-allocation of use between stocks (species) as well as over time. This paper develops a taxation system that treats the multi-dimensional spectrum of such a system, including dynamic, economic, and ecologic factors. The policy places a demand on the free access users to account for the externalities of their activities, thus forcing them to follow the optimal mode. In theory three methods may be equivalent (under certain assumptions) in terms of ecologic-economic efficiency: per landing royalties, per effort tax and allocated catch quotas. In practice they require different data sets and distribution procedures. This paper models per landing royalties and a transformation into either of the two other methods is feasible. The tax is exemplified over a system of two ecologically competitive species presented by the Gauss model and the tax can be adjusted to other advanced or specific versions. Other empirical and theoretical policies do not treat one or more aspects, in particular the ecological element, of this problem.
The charging and integrating modes of pulsed power generation in moving magnet systems

Summary form only given. Moving magnet generators are compact pulsed power systems used to generate initial energy and to seed flux compressor generators. The generation of high current and high voltage pulses is the result of the motion of the ferromagnetic projectile inside of pulse generating coils. The results are presented of experimental studies of moving magnet generators and detailed computer simulation of the devices. Special attention was paid to the charging and integrating modes of pulse power generation. The experimental study was performed with the use of a light gas gun. Data are given for the amplitude of high voltage and high current pulses for different designs of the devices, the effect of various windings on the pulse-generating coils, and different types of loads. Results are presented of detailed simulations of all modes of pulse power generation and optimization of all parts of the moving magnet system.
ABO discrepancy in a multiple myeloma patient: a case study.

1. Jo Ann Wilson, PhD[⇑][1] 1. is an associate professor in the Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Clinical Sciences at Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers FL 2. Angel Jacobs 1. is a Clinical Laboratory Science Program graduate from the Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Clinical Sciences at Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers FL and is a clinical laboratory scientist at Florida Cancer Specialists, Fort Myers FL 1. Address for correspondence: Jo Ann Wilson PhD, Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, 10501 FGCU Blvd South, Fort Myers FL 33965-6565, (941) 590-7481,(941) 590-7474 (fax). jwilson{at}fgcu.edu The hospital transfusion services received an order for three units of red blood cells for a 45-year-old Caucasian male. His most recent hematological study revealed a hemoglobin level of 7.0 g/dL (Table 1). Blood was obtained from the patient and the clinical laboratory scientist (CLS) proceeded with pre-transfusion testing of phenotype and antibody screening. The results of the forward typing of ABO and Rh indicated that the patient was phenotype A Rh positive (Table 2). However, a discrepancy was found in the reverse typing with A1 cells and B cells producing agglutination. Using antibody-screening cells, the patient's serum was tested. The results indicated agglutination upon immediate spin, but no agglutination in subsequent testing including 37 °C with LISS enhancement (Table 3). The CLS requested additional history on the patient. The diagnosis was multiple myeloma; there had been no previous transfusions. DISCUSSION Multiple myeloma is a hematological malignant neoplasm of the bone marrow. It is a neoplastic disease characterized by the infiltration of bone and bone marrow by myeloma cells forming multiple tumor masses.1 Production of normal immunoglobulins is impaired with a significant increase in the number of abnormal plasma cells.2 The condition is usually progressive and generally fatal. The disease causes pain, fractures, anemia, hypercalcemia, kidney failure, bacterial infections, nerve compression with paralysis, skeletal deformities, and changes in mental status ranging from mild to severe confusion.3, 4 According to the American Cancer Society, about 14,400 new cases will be diagnosed and about 11,200 Americans are expected to die of multiple… ABBREVIATIONS: AHG = anti-human globulin; LISS = low-ionic strength solution. [1]: #corresp-1
Fifty years of inactivation

Potassium channels can be closed by a process known as inactivation — this is, for instance, how nerve cells regulate firing frequency. Events involved in inactivation are now revealed in unprecedented detail.
Time-Resolved Measurements of Overlayer Ordering in Electrodeposition

We report in situ time-resolved surface x-ray scattering measurements of the underpoten-tial deposition of Cu2+ on Pt(111) in the presence of Cl− in HClO4 solution. Chronoamperometric (current vs. time) measurements indicate that after a potential step, the electrode-position current decays to 1/e of its initial value in at most 0.12 seconds. In contrast, our simultaneous time-resolved surface x-ray scattering data reveal that the overlayer requires on the order of two seconds to develop long-range periodic order. These results demonstrate that the kinetics of surface ordering can be significantly different from the kinetics of charge-transfer and illustrate the power of time-resolved surface x-ray scattering for in situ studies of electrodeposition.
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film anode for proton conducting batteries

Abstract Hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H) thin films deposited by chemical vapor deposition were used as anode in a non-conventional nickel metal hydride battery using a proton-conducting ionic liquid based non-aqueous electrolyte instead of alkaline solution for the first time, which showed a high specific discharge capacity of 1418 mAh g−1 for the 38th cycle and retained 707 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. A maximum discharge capacity of 3635 mAh g−1 was obtained at a lower discharge rate, 510 mA g−1. This electrochemical discharge capacity is equivalent to about 3.8 hydrogen atoms stored in each silicon atom. Cyclic voltammogram showed an improved stability 300 mV below the hydrogen evolution potential. Both Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies showed no difference to the pre-existing covalent Si–H bond after electrochemical cycling and charging, indicating a non-covalent nature of the Si–H bonding contributing to the reversible hydrogen storage of the current material. Another a-Si:H thin film was prepared by an rf-sputtering deposition followed by an ex-situ hydrogenation, which showed a discharge capacity of 2377 mAh g−1.
Requirements driven falsification with coverage metrics

Specification guided falsification methods for hybrid systems have recently demonstrated their value in detecting design errors in models of safety critical systems. In specification guided falsification, the correctness problem, i.e., does the system satisfy the specification, is converted into an optimization problem where local negative minima indicate design errors. Due to the complexity of the resulting optimization problem, the problem is solved iteratively by performing a number of simulations on the system. Even though it is theoretically guaranteed that falsification methods will eventually find the bugs in the system, in practice, the performance of these methods, i.e., how many tests/simulations are executed before a bug is detected, depends on the specification, on the system and on the optimization method. In this paper, we define and utilize coverage metrics on the state space of hybrid systems in order to improve the performance of the falsification methods.
Hydrogen absorption at room temperature in nanoscale titanium benzene complexes

Abstract Room temperature gravimetric measurements of hydrogen absorption in nanoscale titanium-benzene complexes formed through reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in an ultra-high vacuum chamber are reported. For complexes synthesized under the conditions of low benzene pressure (35 millitorr) a 6% by weight absorption is observed. This is in agreement with recent calculations based on density functional theory. For samples synthesized under higher benzene pressures a systematic degradation of the hydrogen absorption is observed similar to that reported earlier by us for transition metal ethylene complexes.
Ferroelectric liquid-crystal tunable filter.

A new discrete-channel tunable Lyot filter that uses ferroelectric liquid-crystal (FLC) smectic C* wave plates is described and demonstrated. The device is tuned by changing the retardation of each birefringent element. This is achieved by electrically rotating the FLC wave plates in each stage by 45°, which effectively changes the design wavelength of the Lyot filter. The transmission characteristics of such a device are demonstrated in a three-stage filter and show good agreement with theory. Advantages of the FLC tunable filter over existing filter structures include low switching voltages (±10 V), rapid tunability (~100 kHz), potentially high transmission and wide field of view, and large entrance aperture.
Effects of Insulin Sensitivity, Body Composition, and Fitness on Lipoprotein Particle Sizes and Concentrations Determined by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Atherogenic lipoprotein profiles were associated with low levels of insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and higher levels of adiposity, with truncal fat being the strongest predictor.
Understanding Global Cultures: Metaphorical Journeys Through 17 Countries

The article presents a review of the book ‘Understanding Global Cultures: Metaphorical Journeys Through 17 Countries,’ by Martin J. Gannon.
Syntheses and biological activities of disaccharide daunorubicins

Carbohydrate moiety is found in many anticancer nature products. To explore the carbohydrate moiety of daunorubicin in enhancing anticancer efficacy, several daunorubicin derivatives bearing disaccharide (1−8) have been synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were tested in leukemia K562 and colon cancer SW620 cells. Topoisomerase II (topo II) poisoning was performed with the in vivo complex of topoisomerase bioassay. In both cell lines, compounds with various terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugars (compounds 1, 3, 5, and 8) showed 30- to 60-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with 2-deoxy- or 6-deoxy sugar (compounds 6 and 7). Compounds with an α-linkage between two sugar units (compound 3) showed 35-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with a β-linkage (compound 4). In addition, the anticancer activities of these compounds correlated with their ability to target topo II mediated genomic DNA damage in vivo. Compounds 1 and 3 with 2,6-dideoxy sugars produced more covalent topo−DNA complex than compoun...
Oscilloscopes: How to find the one that fits: New options, from scopes on PC cards to Glitch detection, may at first bewilder users — But will ultimately help in matching instruments to applications as never before

The characteristics of the many oscilloscopes available are examined in the context of selecting an instrument for a particular application. The discussion covers performance, automatic setup, menus, digital storage, and instruments for fast single shots. Cost is considered. What the oscilloscope is to be used for generally determines the choice of instrument.
Life cycle costing as a method of procurement: A framework and example

Abstract Life cycle costing (LCC) is one of a number of procurement incentives being considered by civilian government agencies to improve the cost-effectiveness and technological quality of procured products and systems. A framework for selection of products or systems, industries, and agencies to which LCC is appropriate is presented. The LCC procurement of home appliances by the General Services Administration (GSA), assisted by the Experimental Technology Incentives Program (ETIP), illustrates the development of this framework and the dollar benefits obtainable from LCC procurement. The example also reveals the importance of prior assessment and ongoing evaluation to implement and improve LCC procurement methods.
Alloying effects of Sn and Si on wetting and energetics of solid Au/SiC interfaces

Abstract The wetting and energetics of solid Au–Sn/SiC and Au–Si/SiC interfaces were studied by a solid state wetting technique, which involves the equilibration of small metal crystallites on SiC substrates under ultra high vacuum conditions. Contact angles made by the crystallites on monocrystalline α -SiC have been determined, and the surface compositions of the crystallites and of the substrate have been measured. From these measurements, both the compositions as well as the energies of metal/SiC interfaces were extracted by means of the Young–Dupre equation, and monolayer or multilayer models of interfacial composition.
Self-collimation photonic-crystal-based modulator and switching elements in silicon

We design and characterize a photonic crystal (PhC) based silicon electro-optic modulator. The device is composed of a planar photonic crystal with associated input and output dielectric waveguides and a p-i-n diode to inject free carriers for index modulation. The photonic crystal, which confines light using the self-collimation phenomenon, has two regions of varying air hole diameters forming a defect area in a host self-collimation lattice. At the interface of the defect with the host lattice, an impedance mismatch is formed which is modulated using free carrier injection. With sufficient index modulation the impedance mismatch is large enough to decrease the transmission through the defect region, thus, modulation the overall transmission of the device. Our analysis shows that with a doping concentration in the range of 10 20 /cm 3 , the injected free carrier concentration can exceed 2.5*10 19 with a drive voltage of 2.6 V. This free carrier concentration is sufficient to modulate the refractive index, Δn, greater than .05, which in turn produces a modulation depth greater than 75%. A fabricated device produces a modulation depth of 80% with a drive current of 4mA.
Local unitary versus local Clifford equivalence of stabilizer and graph states

The equivalence of stabilizer states under local transformations is of fundamental interest in understanding properties and uses of entanglement. Two stabilizer states are equivalent under the usual stochastic local operations and classical communication criterion if and only if they are equivalent under local unitary (LU) operations. More surprisingly, under certain conditions, two LU-equivalent stabilizer states are also equivalent under local Clifford (LC) operations, as was shown by Van den Nest et al. [Phys. Rev. A 71, 062323 (2005)]. Here, we broaden the class of stabilizer states for which LU equivalence implies LC equivalence (LU LC) to include all stabilizer states represented by graphs with cycles of length neither 3 nor 4. To compare our result with Van den Nest et al.'s, we show that any stabilizer state of distance {delta}=2 is beyond their criterion. We then further prove that LU LC holds for a more general class of stabilizer states of {delta}=2. We also explicitly construct graphs representing {delta}>2 stabilizer states which are beyond their criterion: we identify all 58 graphs with up to 11 vertices and construct graphs with 2{sup m}-1 (m{>=}4) vertices using quantum error-correcting codes which have non-Clifford transversal gates.
A robust electrical microcytometer with 3-dimensional hydrofocusing

In this paper, we present a device to electrically count blood cell populations using an AC impedance interrogation technique in a microfabricated cytometer (microcytometer). Specifically, we direct our attention to obtaining the concentration of human CD4+ T lymphocytes (helper T cells), which is a necessary method to diagnose patients for HIV/AIDS and to give an accurate prognosis on the effectiveness of ARV (anti-retroviral) drug treatments. We study the effectiveness of a simple-to-fabricate 3-dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic focusing mechanism through fluidic simulations and corresponding experiments to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of impedance pulses caused by particle translocation and ensure lower variance in particle translocation height through the electrical sensing region. We found that the optimal 3D sheath flow settings result in a 44.4% increase in impedance pulse signal-to-noise ratio in addition to giving a more accurate representation of particle size distribution. Our microcytometer T cell counts closely with those found using an industry-standard flow cytometer for the concentration range of over three orders of magnitude and using a sample volume approximately the size of a drop of blood (∼20 µL). In addition, our device displayed the capability to differentiate between live and dead/dying lymphocyte populations. This microcytometer can be the basis of a portable, rapid, inexpensive solution to obtaining live/dead blood cell counts even in the most resource-poor regions of the world.
Composite Aluminum-Fiberglass Epoxy Pressure Vessels for Transportation of LNG at Intermediate Temperature

The design of large, 6-m diameter, composite aluminum-fiber- glass epoxy pressure vessels for the transportation of liquefied natural gas (LNG) at intermediate temperature is presented. The pressure vessels are designed to have an operating pressure range of up to 6.21 MPa (900 psi) and pressure-to-burst ratio close to two. The cylindrical pressure vessels are circumferentially reinforced with layers of high strength fiberglass epoxy or pultruded glass polyester overwrap. The vessels are prestressed at ambient temperature, using a sizing technique (autofrettage). The large pressure vessels are to be used in the economical storage or transport of LNG at temperature and pressure conditions between the critical conditions, 191 K, 4.69 MPa (−116°F, 680 psi) and atmospheric conditions, 106 K, 0.1 MPa (−268°F, 14.7 psi). The pressure vessels are designed for ultimate failure modes in the circumferential direction to prevent the possibility of an axial separation of a portion of the vessel at failure.
Spectroscopy of Rashba spin splitting in InSb quantum wells

We use electron spin resonance in the far infrared to probe the Landau-level spin splitting in symmetric and asymmetric InSb quantum wells. The asymmetric wells exhibit a strong deviation in behavior from the symmetric wells at low magnetic fields with apparent $g$ factors far in excess of the bulk $g$ factor of InSb. These asymmetry-induced shifts in the spin resonance depend on Landau-level index as predicted by the Bychkov-Rashba model. We analyze the shifts to extract values for the Rashba parameter.
Recognition and treatment of craniocervical vascular complications encountered during diagnostic and interventional cerebral angiography

Prompt recognition of diagnostic and interventional cerebral angiography related complications with institution of timely management is crucial to reduction of procedurerelated morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review the craniocervical vascular complications of cerebral catheter angiography and discuss management options. In this pictorial review, we divide cerebral angiographyerelated vascular complications into 2 broad categories, extracranial and intracranial, and discuss each complication briefly with an illustrated example and present management strategies. Extracranial Vascular Complications Cervical Carotid or Vertebral Artery Dissection There is an approximately 0.07%-0.3% risk of iatrogenic cervical dissection during cerebral angiography, with the vertebral artery more prone to dissection than the carotid artery [1e3]. Although the imaging signs of acute cervical dissection include double lumen, intimal flap, double barrel, and tapered narrowing, quite often an increased transit time for arterial contrast is the only sign present on images focused over the head [4,5]. Most commonly, irregular vascular stenosis is seen because the majority of these dissections are subintimal. Some of dissections these can progress to complete vascular occlusion. Less often, aneurysm formation can be seen over time, especially when
Possible Pathogenic Role of Endotoxin in Reye's Syndrome

Evidence of circulating endotoxin was sought in children with Reye's syndrome, on the thesis that severe hepatic failure is likely to result in loss of capacity to detoxify intestinal endotoxins entering the circulation. A modification of the Limulus assay was used to demonstrate high levels of endotoxin-like activity (E.L.A.) in nine comatose patients with Reye's syndrome and in one of the two non-comatose patients. The symptom-free sibling of one patient had raised liver enzymes and a negative Limulus test. Plasma E.L.A. correlated significantly with degree of electroencephalographic disturbance early in the course of the illness. E.L.A. was also found in both of two cerebrospinal fluids evaluated. Preliminary in-vitro characterisation of this substance indicated that it resembled endotoxin derived from anaerobic intestinal bacteria. Intestinally derived endotoxin could be one factor in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy and other features of Reye's syndrome.
Apparent post-transcriptional modification of ornithine decarboxylase accounts for its induction in IEC-6 cells in culture.

Putrescine, the product of the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC)-catalyzed reaction, stimulates macromolecular synthesis in a duodenal crypt cell line, IEC-6 cells, grown in culture. In addition, suppleme
Development of the Neonatal Rat Small Intestinal Barrier to Nonspecific Macromolecular Absorption: Effect of Early Weaning to Artificial Diets

We studied the effect of early weaning from maternal breast milk to artificial diets on rat jejunal absorption of an exogenous 40-kD glycoprotein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Rat pups, fed maternal milk (MM) from birth, received one of three diets for the last 4 d before weaning (d 17-21): MM, protein hydrolysate formula (PH), or soy formula (S). Some rats were pretreated on d 14 with intraperitoneal hydrocortisone (5 mg/rat). In MM-fed rat pups, jejunal HRP absorption was markedly higher on d 17 than on d 21. [Geometric means (95% confidence interval) were: d 17, 626.4 (461.3, 850.6) versus d 21, 90.6 (48.2, 170.5) IU HRP/mL x cm x min, p less than 0.01.] By contrast, 21-d-old PH- and S-fed pups maintained elevated absorption of the tracer [PH, 292.3 (177.5, 480.6), p less than 0.05 versus MM pups, S, 340.8 (164.4, 704.8), p less than 0.01 versus MM pups]. Wt-matched control studies indicate that the difference in HRP absorption was not due to the smaller body wt of formula-fed pups. The increased absorption in formula-fed animals was suppressed by hydrocortisone. In S-fed pups, the increased macromolecular absorption appeared, in part, to be the result of diffusion across altered villus absorptive cells. In PH-fed pups, there was no evidence of damage and HRP absorption appeared to occur by vesicle-mediated transport. Delay in the normal maturation of small intestinal "closure" appears to be associated with early weaning to artificial diets. This may lead to increased nonspecific macromolecular permeability that could result in immune-mediated sensitization and food intolerance.
The rise of network thinking in anthropology

Abstract The encyclopedic inventory of the first half of the twentieth century, “Anthropology Today”, published in 1953, gave little inkling that within a few decades developing trends in social theory, in field experience, in electronic data processing, and in mathematics would combine to bring to prominence a distinctive theoretical approach using a quite formal network model for social systems. Now, sophisticated mathematics and computer programming permit sophisticated network models — networks seen as sets of links, networks seen as generated structures, and networks seen as flow processes. Although network thinking has shown a dramatic rise from the “Anthropology Today” of 1953 to the current anthropology of 1978, it is predicted to soar in the next quarter century, much of the weighty burden of network analysis having been lifted from us by ever more rapid electronic data processing.
Quantum Physics, Physics Fiction, and All Things Await

This paper explores how elements of quantum physics might be applied to the creation of a novel. It offers an overview of the ‘Physics Fiction’ tradition. The paper considers how such elements might be used in a novel and addresses how these elements can work to support larger concerns of the text. The author provides specific examples of such applications in his own work.
Relationship between spreading rate and the seismic structure of mid-ocean ridges

DIFFERENT parts of the global mid-ocean ridge system create oceanic crust at rates that differ by more than a factor of ten. The rates of supply of heat to these different systems must also vary substantially, and it is this heat supply, in the form of hot mantle material rising beneath the ridge axis, that determines the nature of the magmatic, tectonic and hydrothermal processes that control the production of new oceanic crust. Here we present evidence suggesting that a systematic relationship exists between the depth to zones of elevated temperature and partial melt beneath mid-ocean ridges and their spreading rate. Recent seismic measurements provide robust determinations at six different locations of the depth to the top of the axial low-seismic-velocity zone which suggest that as full spreading rate decreases from 150 to 20 mm yr-1 the depth below the sea floor to the top of the LVZ increases from ∼1 to ∼4 km. Although this relationship might arise in a number of ways, our preferred explanation is that the major faults that extend to greater depths on slower-spreading ridges1 allow a vigorous circulation of cooling sea water to reach greater depths, blocking the upward migration of large melt bodies.
The chaotic characteristics of three dimensional cutting

Abstract Chatter is an important problem in turning operations. However, there are very few studies on severe chatter because of the difficulties related to data collection and the complexities associated with non-linear cutting dynamics. In this study, cylindrical turning of long slender bars was simulated at three different cutting speeds by using experimentally identified cutting and structural dynamics transfer functions. The simulations were prepared at various depths of cuts, and variations of the cutting forces and displacements were investigated. Visual inspection and the Lyapunov spectrum of the cutting force signals suggested the chaotic nature of the cutting force signals. Although the frequency of the displacement signal remained constant, the amplitude of the signal appeared to have a chaotic nature. The same characteristics were also observed on the experimental data. During the design of a chatter detection or suppression system, the chaotic nature of the force and displacement signals must be considered. The unpredictable nature of the signals may cause prediction errors.
Dynamic redox reactions and the formation of fine-grained polycrystalline oxide/silicate ceramics from inviscid melts

The dynamics of oxidation or reduction reactions in multicomponent, transition-metal-cation-bearing oxides involves the coupled diffusion of electron holes (polarons) and component cations. As a consequence, internal reactions, resulting in the nucleation/crystallization at a reaction front of higher-order oxides or of the more-noble metal component, respectively, dominate dynamic behavior. In the amorphous state, such reactions result in homogeneous nucleation of this product phase, suggesting an approach to the preparation of fine, uniform-grained ceramics directly from inviscid melts: the redox-reaction-front oxide or metal phase can act as a dispersed heterogeneity for nucleation of other, 'majority' phases. This approach, for which microgravity containerless processing is ultimately required, is illustrated with results from ferrous iron- bearing aluminosilicate melts and glasses. For example, oxidation of the melt at 1400 degrees C results in 'isothermal undercooling': the liquidus temperature and primary phase are a function of oxygen activity and thus sub-micrometer magnetite forms at the internal reaction front. The dynamics are rapid; chemical diffusion during oxidation is dominated/rate-limited by motion of the divalent, network-modifying cations. Dynamic reduction, i.e., formation of metal at an internal reduction front via rapid cation diffusion, occurs as well, a kinetical 'mirror image' of the oxidation process.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Samuel Johnson, Unbeliever

To judge by recent literary scholarship, the world is in a bad way, and has been for a long time. Everything, it seems, is in crisis: the world has lurched from one crisis to another from Homer to yesterday. Browsing the MLA International Bibliography turns up the word crisis in over a thousand titles from the last decade — political crises, economic crises, civil crises, cultural crises, crises of gender, crises of desire, crises of history, crises of modernity, crises of subjectivity, crises of objectivity, crises of identity, crises of alterity. With all these crises, it is amazing we have somehow managed to muddle through. Samuel Johnson, always impatient with hyperbole, would be the fi rst to discourage this sort of thoughtless cant. The word crisis, in fact, appears nowhere in his original published writings except The False Alarm (1770), where it is used ironically: “‘Alarming crisis,’ ” notes Donald Greene, “was one of the favourite expressions of the Wilkites,” and Johnson wields it to ridicule their bad-faith fretting.1 The things we like to imagine kept the world on tenterhooks would not have kept Johnson from his dinner. One thing may, however, deserve the term “crisis” more than most. It might fairly be called a crisis of belief — not strictly a Christian belief in God, though that is part of it. It is a crisis of belief in anything. How do we know that we know? This question quite literally kept Johnson awake at night. The problems raised by the philosophical skeptics of the sixteenth and sev-
And Daddy makes three: The father's impact on mother and young child.

CLARKE-STEWART, K. ALISON. And Daddy Makes Three: The Father's Impact on Mother and Young Child. Camiu DEVELOPMENT, 1978, 49, 466-478. The purpose of the present study was to expand our meager knowledge of fathers' behavior in interaction with their young children and to explore their direct and indirect contributions to children's development. 14 fathers were observed with their children in unstructured and semistructured situations at home, 3 timeswhen the children were 15, 20, and 30 months old. Mothers and children were also observed, with and without fathers, and assessments were made of children's intellectual competence, at these 3 ages. The observations revealed both similarities (in quality of interaction and emotional attachment) and differences (in amount of interaction and involvement in play) between mother-child and father-child interactions. They also showed the effect of the father's presence on mother-child interaction. Correlations between parental and child variables indicated that relations among the 3 family members are complexly and triadically related and suggested that, over time, the direction of influence in the family is from mother to child to father to mother.
An hypothesis for survival of spermatozoa via encapsulation during plane front freezing

Abstract Plane front freezing presents the possibility of encapsulating individual cells in the ice phase. The cells may also be pushed ahead of the plane front ice interface, as is always the case for conventional dendritic freezing, where the cells are pushed ahead of the thickening dendrite arms. Cells which are encapsulated during freezing are exposed to hypotonic liquid (pure water) initially upon thawing, while cells which are pushed into the last liquid to freeze are exposed to hypertonic liquid upon thawing. Some exposure to hypertonic intercellular liquid prior to freezing may be required to build up the salt and CPA content in the intracellular liquid and thereby avoid intracellular ice formation at the given cooling rate. Encapsulation of cells by a plane front ice interface should result in three regions of cell survival in the sample: an initial region of cell death due to intracellular ice formation, a final region of cell death due to overexposure to hypertonic intercellular liquid, and an intermediate region of cell survival, where neither damage mechanism has operated to a lethal level. An advantage of plane front freezing over dendritic freezing is that the regions of cell survival and death should be geometrically separate in the sample, rather than mixed at the dendritic microstructural level, as is the case for dendritic freezing. Samples containing populations with very high or very low survival rates for spermatozoa could be obtained by simply cutting up the frozen sample.