cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lycopene and Apo-12′-Lycopenal Reduce Cell Proliferation and Alter Cell Cycle Progression in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Lycopene is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. However, lycopene may not be wholly responsible for the effects seen in vivo or in cell culture systems. Apo-lycopenals or other lycopene metabolites, whether produced by cleavage enzymes within the body or consumed with tomato products, can be found in tissues at concentrations equivalent to physiological retinoid concentrations. Therefore, it is plausible that lycopenoids, like retinoids, are bioactive within tissues. Androgen-independent DU145 prostate cancer cells were treated with lycopene, apo-8'-lycopenal, or apo-12'-lycopenal. DU145 cell proliferation was significantly reduced by supra-physiological levels of lycopene and apo-12'-lycopenal, in part, through alteration of the normal cell cycle. Levels of the gap junction protein, connexin 43, were unaltered by lycopene or apo-lycopenal treatment while cell apoptosis rates significantly decreased. We further confirmed that connexin 43 protein levels were unaltered by lycopene treatment in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, or in Dunning R3327-H rat prostate tumor. The present data indicate that lycopene and apo-12'-lycopenal reduce the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, in part, by inhibiting normal cell cycle progression.
The Ising model on a closed Cayley tree

Abstract The free energy for the Ising model on a closed tree studied by Jellito is transformed to a form which is explicitly nondifferentiable at the critical temperature.
Acute poliomyelitis and acute infectious lymphocytosis

Summary 1. Three illnesses from one children's camp in Connecticut are reported in detail. Two are apparently poliomyelitis. The other, occurring at approximately the same time, has clinical manifestations of poliomyelitis with unusually marked leucocytosis and lymphocytosis as is seen in acute infectious lymphocytosis. 2. A brief review of the subject of infectious lymphocytosis is presented, with its differential diagnosis. 3. The possible significance of the association in one epidemic area of poliomyelitis and acute infectious lymphocytosis is discussed.
Is There Really a Syndrome Involving the Co-Occurrence of Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Talent, Non-Right Handedness and Immune Disorder Among Children?

Abstract This paper is the first large-scale attempt to test Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 , Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 , Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 hypothesis that there should be a four-way association among neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs), special talents, non-right handedness, and immune disorders. In a sample of 11,578 children, several two-way associations were found, but not those most strongly predicted by the theory. For example, non-right handedness was not associated with NDs considered to be secondary to left hemisphere dysfunction (e.g., articulation disorder, reading disability, verbal aptitude deficits). Instead, non-right handedness was associated with NDs that involve generalized brain damage (e.g., cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and seizures). One immune disorder (asthma) was associated with one ND (attention deficit disorder); immune disorder was not associated with non-right handedness. Less than 1 % of this sample manifested the co-occurrence of any three or four of these markers. In sum, there was little evidence in support of the syndrome suggested by Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 , Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 , Geschwind and Galaburda, 1985 .
Two-Dimensional Radiation and Scattering at Short Wave Length

In the present investigation of radiation and scattering by objects when the wavelengths are much smaller than the characteristic dimensions of the radiator or scatterer, the boundary-element method is used to obtain computational accuracy and efficiency. The approach employed for wavelengths less than 5 percent of object characteristic dimensions involves cubic elements, approximate polynomial and asymptotic evaluations of the fundamental solution, and a tailoring of the order of the Gaussian quadrature according to the local demands dictated by the distance between sending and receiving points. The method addresses the propagation of low-frequency sound over large terrain features.
Profile of mortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner and medical examiner reports.

Mortality patterns from earthquakes in the United States may differ from those observed in other parts of the world. We reviewed coroner and medical examiner records for all investigated deaths from seven California counties for 15 days following the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989 (N = 327). Data on the circumstances surrounding death were used to classify each case as directly earthquake-related, indirectly earthquake-related, or not earthquake-related. Fifty-seven deaths were judged as directly earthquake-related. Six other deaths were indirectly related. Ten circumstances accounted for all directly earthquake-related deaths, with the collapse of an elevated freeway accounting for 40 of these deaths. Forty-six (80.8 per cent) of the 57 directly earthquake-related deaths occurred in motor vehicles on public roadways. Fifty-three (93.0 per cent) of the directly earthquake-related deaths occurred within seconds or minutes of injury. Future earthquake deaths in the United States may best be prevented by identifying and modifying seismic hazards in earthquake-prone regions, particularly transportation structures. Language: en
Competing online : Studying consumer choice drivers for online financial services

ABSTRACT Given the rapid increase in the consumer use of online services and the increase in competition between firms that compete online, firms are faced with a crucial challenge. Having invested significant resources in transitioning consumers from using offline services to using online services, they now need to understand what drives consumers to choose between competing online services. Our study seeks an exploratory answer to the above challenge. Specifically, we consider, “what role do factors that drive consumers into using online services play in assisting firms better compete in the online space?” This paper explores the above question by quantifying the value that consumers of an online financial service place on having access to in-depth product information, an affordable online service, an easy to use online service, access to offline capabilities, and available marketing promotions. The results reported in this paper are based on a web-based discrete choice experiment in which 2,209 consume...
Participation of the protein Go in multiple aspects of behavior in C. elegans

The goa-1 gene encoding the alpha subunit of the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein (G protein) Go from Caenorhabditis elegans is expressed in most neurons, and in the muscles involved in egg laying and male mating. Reduction-of-function mutations in goa-1 caused a variety of behavioral defects including hyperactive movement, premature egg laying, and male impotence. Expression of the activated Go alpha subunit (G alpha o) in transgenic nematodes resulted in lethargic movement, delayed egg laying, and reduced mating efficiency. Induced expression of activated G alpha o in adults was sufficient to cause these phenotypes, indicating that G alpha o mediates behavior through its role in neuronal function and the functioning of specialized muscles.
Effect of antibiotic formulations in serum protein:bilirubin interaction of newborn infants.

GENTAMICIN has been widely used in newborn infants because of the increasing prevalence of kanamycinresistant organisms? The proportion of gentamicin bound to human serum proteins is uncertain, but may range from zero to 30%. ~, :~ Reports that gentamicin at serum concentrations 3 to 15/~g/ml can displace bilirubin from albumin binding sites ~. '~ have produced concern regarding its use in the newborn infant. We undertook an in vitro study of the effect of gentamicin on bilirubin binding to human newborn serum and compared its effect to that ofsulfisoxazole, which is known to displace bilirubin from albumin. ~
Improving Student Group Marketing Presentations: A Modified Pecha Kucha Approach

Student presentations can often seem like a formality rather than a lesson in representing oneself or group in a professional manner. To improve the quality of group presentations, the authors modified the popular presentation style of Pecha Kucha (20 slides, 20 seconds per slide) for marketing courses to help students prepare and deliver professional business presentations. Data were collected and analyzed from marketing student presentations that used two different presentation styles: the proposed modified Pecha Kucha and traditional PowerPoint presentations. The authors' modified version of Pecha Kucha resulted in higher individual and group assessments along with other key findings relevant to marketing courses.
The half-lives of Tl204, Au195, Ir192 and its long-lived isomer Ir192m2

The measured half lives of several nuclides are given.The periods of measurement are 12.0, 3.3, 3.3, and 3.1 yr respectively. The reactor cross section for the reaction Ir191/(n, {gamma})Ir/192m2 is estimated as 0.38 + 0.24 or -0.11 barns. (auth)
Demand uncertainty in a durable goods monopoly

Abstract As is well known in the durability literature, the monopolistic renter of durable goods is better off, in terms of profits, than a seller of durable goods. This paper provides an explanation for the persistent and widespread use of sales contracts despite what would appear to be reduced profits. It is shown that, in the presence of demand uncertainty and risk-averse firms, the monopolist has an incentive to offer sales contracts in order to transfer the risk of future demand shocks, to consumers. However, if the monopolist is risk-neutral, rental contracts remain superior to sales contracts, despite the presence of demand uncertainty.
The rise and fall of the Amex Emerging Company Marketplace

Abstract In 1992, the Amex launched the Emerging Company Marketplace (ECM) to trade the stocks of small but growing companies. Bid–ask spreads decreased dramatically for listing firms, and news coverage increased. Executives of listing firms were quite satisfied. Yet few firms chose to list on the ECM, and it closed in 1995. What went wrong? Most Amex stakeholders had little to gain from the success of the ECM, and a series of scandals damaged the reputation of the exchange. Similar small-firm markets have also failed, largely because successful firms quickly depart for traditional markets, leaving only unsuccessful firms behind.
FERMION CONDENSATION IN A RELATIVISTIC DEGENERATE STAR: ARRESTED COLLAPSE AND MACROSCOPIC EQUILIBRIUM

Fermionic Cooper pairing leading to the BCS-type hadronic superfluidity is believed to account for periodic variations ("glitches") and subsequent slow relaxation in spin rates of neutron stars. Under appropriate conditions, however, fermions can also form a Bose–Einstein condensate of composite bosons. Both types of behavior have recently been observed in tabletop experiments with ultra-cold fermionic atomic gases. Since the behavior is universal (i.e., independent of atomic potential) when the modulus of the scattering length greatly exceeds the separation between particles, one can expect analogous processes to occur within the supradense matter of neutron stars. In this paper, I show how neutron condensation to a Bose–Einstein condensate, in conjunction with relativistically exact expressions for fermion energy and degeneracy pressure and the relations for thermodynamic equilibrium in a spherically symmetric space–time with Schwarzschild metric, leads to stable macroscopic equilibrium states of stars of finite density, irrespective of mass.
Continuous reactions with amphibole, garnet and plagioclase

End-member, continuous and degenerate reactions are derived for the multisystem with the six components Na2O, CaO, (Mg/Fe)O, Al2O3, SiO2, H2O among the phases plagioclasess, garnetss, amphiboless, cpx, opx, olivine, spinel, quartz and an aqueous fluid. The chemography of this system is degenerate due to the co-linearity 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. This co-linearity has its implications both on reaction space and phase equilibria. From a total of 28 reaction systems, reaction space is derived for nine subsystems (phases in parentheses are absent): Case A1: (Cpx,Ol) (Cpx,Opx) and (Cpx,Qtz), Case A2: (Spl,Ol) (Spl,Opx) and (Spl,Qtz), Case B: (Ol,Opx) (Ol,Qtz) and (Opx,Qtz). In the absence of either cpx or spl (case A), three reactions form an invariant point, either [Cpx] or [Spl], where the co-linear phases olivine, opx and quartz coexist on the transformation line 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. Changing mineral compositions force invariant points to move along the line with the different reaction curves changing their relative position according to Schreinemakers’rules. Zero contours, i.e. the location where (a) phase(s) disappear(s) in reaction space correspond to singular points in phase diagrams. Two types are distinguished; singular points of indispensable and of substitutable phases. In the first case the phase disappears from the entire bundle while in the second it disappears from a single reaction. In the specific case where the substitutable phases are also the co-linear ones, two of the three co-linear phases disappear simultaneously. Two of the three reaction curves coincide. In the system including Cpx and Spl (Case B) three reactions, (Ol,Opx) (Ol,Qtz) and (Opx,Qtz), oppose three invariant points, [Ol], [Opx] and [Qtz]. Invariant points no longer move along the line 2Opx = Ol + Qtz. The coincidence of the zero contours of all three co-linear phases in reaction space-the result of the chemographic degeneracy-causes the respective singular points to coincide in the phase diagrams. This is the location where curves must be rearranged in a bundle to conform Schreinemakers’rules. The reaction Grs1Prp2= 2 Ol + An is fourth order degenerate and part of all nine subsystems (cases A and B). It can be used to relate the different phase diagrams to one another.
Sliding piece puzzles with oriented tiles

In this paper, we consider n identical tiles which are placed on the n + 1 vertices of a graph and which move along the edges of the graph. The tiles come with an “orientation”, an element of an arbitrary finite group H. Moving a tile along a given edge into the empty vertex changes the orientation of the tile in a prescribed way. We study the group of oriented positions of the tiles achievable from an initial position which fix the empty vertex. It may be thought of as a subgroup of the semidirect product Hn?Sn or the wreath product H wr Sn.
Energy Flow Under Control

Controlling energy transfer at the molecular scale has been a long-standing goal since the development of high-power lasers in the 1960s. Appreciable advances toward this goal have been made with demonstrations of laser-controlled energy flow in natural and artificial light-harvesting antennas ( 1 , 2 ). Based on closed-loop control experiments ( 3 , 4 ), these techniques can efficiently shape femtosecond laser pulses to control and optimize a variety of molecular processes. However, the details of the resulting control mechanisms are difficult to extract from a cursory examination of the shaped pulses. On page 263 of this issue, Kuroda et al. ( 5 ) report an important contribution toward understanding shaped laser pulses that control energy transfer at the molecular scale. The reported insights on the control mechanism are valuable to understand laser control, in general, in a variety of molecular systems with common relaxation processes.
A Typical American Family? How Adoptive Families Acknowledge and Incorporate Chinese Cultural Heritage in their Lives

When a child from China is adopted by U.S. parents, the adoptive family must address questions about if, when, how, and how much to acknowledge the birth cultural heritage of their child. This paper addresses these concerns by presenting findings of a study that examined ways families address the myriad issues surrounding cultural heritage. Drawing on work by H. David Kirk, D. M. Brodzinsky (Brodzinsky, Schechter, & Henig, 1992. Being adopted: The lifelong search for self. New York: Anchor Books), and others, a conceptual framework is presented to aid in understanding the dynamics involved in emphasizing (or de-emphasizing) cultural heritage Second, results of a web-based survey that extends the results of earlier work on cultural heritage in families with children adopted from China (Rojewski & Rojewski, 2001. Intercountry adoption from China: Examining cultural-heritage and other post-adoption issues. Westport, CT: Bergin & Garvey) are presented. Specific findings reveal the range of actions taken by adoptive parents on (a) how families cope with family-child differences, (b) how families acknowledge the child’s birth culture and heritage (e.g., acknowledging birth cultural heritage and culturally-related events, having contact with other Chinese children and adults), and (c) the perceived benefits and importance of incorporating Chinese cultural heritage into family life. Results add to an emerging baseline for understanding the range of responses adoptive families have to address issues of Chinese heritage, as well as trends in the reasoning parents use when deciding about cultural heritage-related issues.
Enhancing gene targeting with designed zinc finger nucleases.

Gene targeting—the process of gene replacement by homologous recombination—is a very useful but typically inefficient technique ( [1][1] ). A general method for improving the efficiency of gene targeting would be valuable in many circumstances, as would the extension of this genetic tool to a
An Alternative to Monte Carlo Sampling in Stochastic Models

The computer resource requirements of Monte Carlo sampling are a serious deterrent to its use in some instances. In such applications as large-scale planning systems which must combine forecast information from many products, processes, and markets, the extensive use of random sampling can become the principal roadblock to further expansion, especially if interactive timesharing applications are indicated. In this paper, we present an alternative scheme for approximating the probability distribution of sums, differences, products, and quotients of independent random variables whose 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles are specified in advance.
The Satisfaction With My Supervisor Scale: Its Utility for Research and Practical Applications:

This paper describes initial development and testing of an empirically derived scale that measures satisfaction with immediate supervision. The Satisfaction With My Supervisor Scale (SWMSS) was developed over a 3-year period. Developmental samples consisted of 2,101 employees at seven manufacturing plants located across the United States. The scale was subsequently applied to a sample of 1,104 employees of a major insurance company in New England. The SWMSS exhibits convergent, discriminant, predictive, and content validities. Moreover, it shows promise for generalizability across employee groups and employment situations.
First-principles study of the structure and band structure of Ga2Se3.

Our first-principles calculations show that the ordering of stoichiometric cation vacancies in Ga2Se3 has a large influence on the bandgap, up to 0.55 eV. Therein, the zigzag-line vacancy-ordered Ga2Se3 has the maximum bandgap (~2.56 eV direct bandgap), and the straight-line vacancy-ordered Ga2Se3 has the minimum bandgap (~1.99 eV indirect bandgap) at 0 K, according to scGW calculations. The bandgap difference (0.55 eV) is almost the same for normal density functional theory (DFT) calculations, hybrid DFT calculations and GW calculations. The calculation results are consistent with the experimental bandgap range of 2.0–2.6 eV at room temperature. Also, hydrostatic pressure (<9 GPa) tends to increase the bandgap, consistent with the experiments in the literature.
The genomes business

Correcting the Code: Inventing the Genetic Cure for the Human Body. By Larry Thompson. Simon and Schuster: 1994. Pp. 378. $23.Dealing with Genes: The Language of Heredity. By Paul Berg and Maxine Singer. University Science Books: 1992. Pp. 269. $34, £17.95. Distributed in the UK by Blackwell Science.The Human Genome Project: Deciphering the Blueprint of Heredity. Edited by Necia Grant Cooper. University Science Books: 1994. Pp. 360. $38, £27.95. Distributed in the UK by W.H. Freeman.The Gene Wars: Science, Politics, and the Human Genome. By Robert Cook-Deegan. Norton: 1994. Pp. 416. $25.Signs of Life: The Language and Meanings of DNA. By Robert Pollack. Houghton Mif-flin/Viking: 1994. Pp. 212. $19.95, £16.
α-Cyclodextrin complexation as a probe of heterolytic general base-catalyzed photo-smiles rearrangements

Abstract α-Cyclodextrin complexation of 3-O 2 NC 6 H 4 O(CH 2 ) n NH 2 inhibits by 40 and 15%, respectively, the efficiency of base-catalyzed and uncatalyzed photo-Smiles rearrangement for n = 2; α-CD complexation inhibits the photorearrangement efficiency of n = 3 by 40% in the base-catalyzed regime but enhances the efficiency by 67% in the uncatalyzed regime.
Leukapheresis for control of chronic myelogenous leukemia during pregnancy

Leukapheresis was used as the sole modality of treatment of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) during her pregnancy. The specific requirements for safe leukapheresis during pregnancy are discussed, and the literature describing the management of CML during pregnancy is reviewed. Leukapheresis may be the treatment of choice in selected pregnancy patients with CML since it avoids the potential teratogenic effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Ablative therapies for the treatment of malignant diseases of the breast.

Abstract Background Because widespread screening for breast cancer is detecting more women at younger ages and earlier stages, the need for minimally invasive, cosmetically preferable approaches to its treatment is growing. Ablative techniques are now being applied to the treatment of primary breast tumors, perhaps offering an alternative to surgical excision. Techniques available for breast cancer treatment include radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, interstitial laser ablation, microwave thermotherapy, and focused ultrasound ablation. Data sources Literature searches for breast and cryoablation, focused ultrasound ablation, interstitial laser ablation, microwave thermotherapy, and radiofrequency ablation were performed. Over 30 articles were identified and analyzed. Conclusions It is cautiously optimistic that these therapies can be used as a routine adjunct in the treatment of selected breast cancers. The challenge will lie in the ability to identify multifocal disease and in situ carcinoma as well as to ensure complete and effective eradication of the breast cancer.
Methane storage capabilities of diamond analogues

Methane can be an alternative fuel for vehicular usage provided that new porous materials are developed for its efficient adsorption-based storage. Herein, we search for materials for this application within the family of diamond analogues. We used density functional theory to investigate structures in which tetrahedral C atoms of diamond are separated by –CC– or –BN– groups, as well as ones involving substitution of tetrahedral C atoms with Si and Ge atoms. The adsorptive and diffusive properties of methane are studied using classical molecular simulations. Our results suggest that the all-carbon structure has the highest volumetric methane uptake of 280 VSTP/V at p = 35 bar and T = 298 K. However, it suffers from limited methane diffusion. Alternatively, the considered Si and Ge-containing analogies have fast diffusive properties but their adsorption is lower, ca. 172–179 VSTP/V, at the same conditions.
Adipose tissue regeneration following lipectomy

Surgical removal of subcutaneous fat depots in weanling rats leads to a regenerative response. If the rats are fed a diet high in fat, adipose mass and adipocyte number are precisely restored within 7 months of surgery. Thus, under appropriate experimental circumstances, compensatory hyperplasia will occur in adipose tissues of the rat.
Unbiased Monte Carlo simulations of realistic models: Colossal magnetoresistive manganites

Abstract We investigate the one-orbital model for manganites with cooperative phonons and superexchange coupling J A F via large-scale Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Results for two-orbitals are also briefly discussed. Focusing on an the realistic electronic density n = 0.75 , a regime of competition between ferromagnetic (FM) metallic and charge-ordered (CO) insulating states was identified in the finite temperature phase diagram. In the vicinity of the associated bicritical point, colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) effects were observed. The CMR magnitude is much larger than recently reported when randomly distributed polarons form the competing insulator. The appearance of CMR is associated with the development of short-distance correlations among polarons, above the spin ordering temperatures, resembling the charge arrangement of the low-temperature CO state. We present calculations of charge-charge correlations as well as typical Monte Carlo snapshots to support this view.
A pilot study of preoperative continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil, external microwave hyperthermia, and external beam radiotherapy for treatment of locally advanced, unresectable, or recurrent rectal cancer.

Abstract Purpose: To determine the feasibility of combining external beam radiotherapy, continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and external microwave hyperthermia in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the rectum. Methods and Materials: From 7/95 through 2/99, 15 patients were enrolled in the study. The treatment regimen consisted of continuous infusion 5-FU 250 mg/m 2 /d 7 days/week beginning on day 1, external beam radiotherapy to the pelvis, 4500 cGy, 180 cGy/d 5 days/week using a 3 or 4-field technique, and external microwave hyperthermia on days 3, 8, 15, 22, and 29. Chemotherapy was stopped on the last day of radiotherapy. Surgical resection, if feasible, was scheduled 3–6 weeks after completing thermochemoradiotherapy. For this regimen to be considered feasible, no more than 2 of the 15 patients should fail to complete therapy due to life-threatening toxicity. Toxicity was scored using National Cancer Institute Criteria. Results: All patients completed the chemoradiotherapy portion of the protocol. Eleven of the 15 patients completed all 5 hyperthermia treatments. Of the 4 patients who did not receive the full course of hyperthermia, only 1 patient had treatment stopped due to life-threatening toxicity. The other 3 patients did not complete hyperthermia due to scheduling errors ( n = 2) or patient request ( n = 1). Five of 15 patients required a treatment interruption due to toxicity ≥ Grade 3. Seven patients experienced lesser degrees of toxicity which did not require treatment interruption. Three patients experienced no side effects. The most common toxicities were dermatitis and diarrhea. Of the 14 patients in whom surgery was planned, 11 (79%) were resectable. There was one pathologic complete response. Conclusions: It is feasible to deliver thermochemoradiotherapy, as prescribed in this study, to patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or recurrent rectal cancer. The therapy is moderately toxic, with one-third of patients requiring temporary treatment interruptions. The regimen appears active against rectal cancer, and appears to warrant further consideration as a treatment option for this patient population.
Wood anatomy of the endemic woody Asteraceae of St Helena I: phyletic and ecological aspects

Quantitative and qualitative data are given for samples of mature wood of all eight species of woody Asteraceae, representing three tribes, of St Helena I. The quantitative features of all except one species are clearly mesomorphic, corresponding to their mesic central ridge habitats. Commidendrum rugosum has more xeromorphic wood features and occurs in dry lowland sites. Commidendrum species are alike in their small vessel pits and abundant axial parenchyma. Melanodendrum agrees with Commidendrum in having fibre dimorphism and homogeneous type II rays. The short fibres in both genera are storied and transitional to axial parenchyma. Elongate crystals occur in ray cells of only two species of Commidendrum, suggesting that they are closely related. Wood of Commidendrum and Melanodendrum is similar to that of the shrubby genus Felicia, thought closely related to Commidendrum on molecular bases. Commidendrum and Melanodendrum have probably increased in woodiness on St Helena, but are derived from shrubby ancestors like today's species of Felicia. Petrobium wood is paedomorphic and indistinguishable from that of Bidens, from which Petrobium is likely derived. The two senecionid species (Senecio leucadendron = Pladaroxylon leucadendron; and Senecio redivivus = Lachanodes arborea, formerly Lachanodes prenanthiflord) also show paedomorphic wood. Wood of the various St Helena Asteraceae is consonant with relationship to African or South American ancestors that reached St Helena via long distance dispersal. Derivation from genera of Pacific islands or Austromalesian regions is considered less likely. However, DNA evidence is needed to clarify origins, times of colonization on St Helena and divergence from closest relatives, and the nature of evolutionary patterns.
Predicting addictive vulnerability: individual differences in initial responding to a drug's pharmacological effects.

Considerable data suggest that individuals who appear minimally disrupted during an initial drug administration have elevated risk for abusing the drug later. A better understanding of this association could lead to more effective strategies for preventing and treating drug addiction. To investigate this phenomenon using a rigorous experimental model, we first administered the abused inhalant nitrous oxide (N2O) to rats in a total calorimetry and temperature system to identify groups that were sensitive or insensitive to the drug’s hypothermic effect. We then enrolled the two groups in a novel N2O self-administration paradigm. The initially insensitive rats self-administered significantly more N2O than sensitive rats, an important step in the transition to addiction. Continuous non-invasive measurement of core temperature and its underlying determinants during screening revealed that both groups had similarly increased heat loss during initial N2O administration, but that insensitive rats generated more heat and thereby remained relatively normothermic. Calorimetry testing conducted after self-administration revealed that whereas N2O’s effect on heat loss persisted comparably for both groups, initially insensitive rats actually over-responded by generating excess heat and becoming hyperthermic. Thus, rats with the greatest initial heat-producing compensatory response(s) appeared initially insensitive to N2O-induced hypothermia, subsequently self-administered more N2O, and developed hyperthermic overcompensation during N2O inhalation, consistent with increased abuse potential and an allostatic model of addictive vulnerability.
A combinatorial invariant for finite Abelian groups with various applications

Abstract If G is any finite Abelian group define γ ( G ) = ∑ i ( e i − 1 ) where ei are the canonic invariants of G (ei+1|ei for all i). The primary result is the “super-additivity” of γ, i.e., γ ( G ) ⩾ γ ( G / H ) + γ ( H ) for all subgroups H of G . ( ∗ ) In the process of establishing (*) the structure of Abelian groups is studied in great detail and a technique is developed for proving inequalities analogous to (*) for other invariants than γ. We then apply (*) to obtain various further results of a combinatorial nature.
Chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of rotenoid racemates

Abstract The high-performance liquid chromatograhic (HPLC) behavior of parent rotenoids (type I) and the hydroxyl-analogues (type II) on three different chiral stationary phases (CSPs) was studied. Separations of optical isomers were achieved in various degrees depending largely upon the rotenoidal structures and the CSP types employed. Enantiomers of all but elliptone compounds were separable on β-cyclodextrin-bonded silica (CDS). Without exception, the 12a-hydroxyrotenoid antipodes were resolved on Pirkle's phenylglycine-bonded silica (PGS) despite unsuccessful attenmpts to resolve the type I rotenoidal racemates. Conversely, optical resolution of the latter rotenoids was accomplished by using a helical polytriphenylmethylacrylate-coated silica (TPS) column and the observed separation factors (α values) ranged from 1.14 to 1.90. The results from HPLC of type II rotenoids on TPS (α = 1.00–1.63) suggested that variations in E-ring structures had profound influence on the resolution outcome. Conjugated double bonds on the E-ring and the desisopropylation of the five-membered E-ring ot type II rotenoids appeared to be important structural features for chiral recognition involving the TPS substrate. In both reversed-phase (CDS) and normal-pahse (PGS and TPS) HPLC modes, the less polar enantiomers were the 6aβ,12aβ-rotenoids as observed in most cases, though this relationship was reversed in the cases of deguelin and hydroxyelliptone probably due to conformational effects of rotenoidal ring systems.
Flyrock phenomena and area security in blasting-related accidents

In both the mining and construction industries, blasting is the predominant method for fragmentation of consolidated mineral deposits. The blasting process, however, remains a potential source of numerous hazards to people and surrounding objects. This paper presents the results of the research study on flyrock phenomena and blast area security related accidents in surface mining. The study revealed that a total of 45 fatal and 367 non-fatal accidents in coal, metal and non-metal surface mines had occurred between 1978 and 1998 where the primary causes were the lack of blast area security, flyrock, premature blast, and misfires. The lack of blast area security and flyrock accounted for 281 (68.2%) accidents. Investigations of flyrock accidents have revealed one or more of the following contributing factors: discontinuity in the geology and rock structure, improper blasthole layout and loading, insufficient burden, very high explosive concentration, and inadequate stemming. The study also shows that accidents due to lack of blast area security are caused by failure to use appropriate blasting shelter, failure to evacuate humans from the blast area, and inadequate guarding of the access roads leading to the blast area. The research results should have a positive impact on hazard awareness, prevention, and safe blasting practices in mining and construction industries.
Effect of Drug Additives and Type of Diet on Methionine Requirement of Chicks for Growth and Feed Efficiency

Abstract Three short-term (2 week) experiments were conducted with broiler type chicks to determine the effect of monensin, lasalocid, and lincomycin on growth and feed efficiency responses in chicks to graded levels of methionine. Lasalocid and monensin were added at levels of 125 and 121 ppm, respectively. These levels are at the upper level of the range permitted for use in poultry feeds. In one of these experiments, two different types of diets (corn-soy and pea-corn) were used which differed primarily in the source of protein. Both types of diets, on a calculated basis, were deficient in methionine and total sulfur amino acids. The addition of lasalocid to the diet that was most deficient in methionine had a methionine sparing effect. Addition of monensin to both types of diets depressed growth and feed efficiency in most of the comparisons where it was used. Some of the differences were not statistically significant. Addition of lincomycin at a level of 2 ppm gave a marked growth response when added to the diet without a coccidiostat and to the one containing lasalocid. The response in the presence of monensin was greatly reduced. In two experiments out of three, growth plateaued at a level of .1% added methionine in the presence of monensin and at a level of .2% added methionine in the presence of lasalocid. In the third experiment, growth plateaued at the .2% level added methionine for diets containing no coccidiostat or monensin and lasalocid. The results indicate that a maximum response was not obtained to methionine because of the growth depressing effect of monensin. On an overall basis, lincomycin improved feed efficiency and the improvement was more striking in the presence of lasalocid than in the presence of monensin. No improvement was obtained in the latter comparison.
“I'm sorry, you're positive”: a qualitative study of individual experiences of testing positive for HIV

New CDC guidelines for HIV testing as well as the introduction of rapid tests may increase the number of HIV tests conducted in the USA and make testing a more routine part of medical care. However, little is currently known about the experience of those receiving positive results. In this study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 50 participants who had recently learned they were HIV positive in the San Francisco Bay Area. Ninety-two percent were male, 36% were persons of color. Participants were asked to tell their story of testing positive for HIV. Interviews were transcribed for team-based narrative qualitative analysis. The majority of participants were tested at either a hospital or an HIV test site. While some suspected they might have HIV, most were tested while seeking care for another health concern or for routine testing. Fifty-eight percent had a rapid test. Test results were typically given by medical staff or HIV test counselors. The manner in which the news was delivered affected an individual's testing experience. For seven (14%) of the participants, the provider giving the results was so upset or agitated that it added to the participant's distress over the diagnosis. Responses to the news varied greatly from being too shocked to comprehend what they were being told to immediately accepting the news and feeling ready for action. The patient/provider interaction plays a pivotal role in both follow-up care and prevention decisions. Therefore, HIV service providers need to be cognizant of the way in which their role in the testing process, including delivery of the news and post-test counseling impacts the individual's experience of testing positive.
Are the times changing? An analysis of sex-role prejudice

Sex bias was studied through evaluation of articles, in a technique modeled upon Goldberg's. Goldberg (1968) indicated that college women evaluated an article more positively when it was ascribed to a male rather than to a female author. The primary purpose of the present research was to examine a diverse sample, including subjects of both sexes and varying ages, and to determine whether sex-role attitudes have changed over time. Therefore, 64 students at the University of California, Santa Cruz, 64 students from San Jose State University, and 96 nonstudents from the San Francisco—Monterey Bay areas each evaluated six articles on several dimensions. Packets were counterbalanced for ascribed sex of author and “sex of topic” (male, female, or neutral). An analysis of variance yielded significant main effects for sex of subject and sex of topic. Further analyses yielded complex interactions which appeared to be primarily due to the responses of young nonstudents. The absence of an overall sex of author effect and the general pattern of data are interpreted in terms of the generalizability of research findings.
From competition to coopetition: Stackelberg equilibrium in multi-user power control games

This paper considers the problem of how to allocate power among competing users sharing a frequency- selective interference channel. We model the interaction between these selfish users as a non-cooperative game. We study how a foresighted user, who knows the channel state information and response strategies of its competing users, should optimize its own transmission strategy. To characterize this multiuser interaction, the Stackelberg equilibrium is introduced. We start by analyzing in detail a simple two-user scenario, where the foresighted user can determine its optimal transmission strategy by solving a bi-level program which allows him to account for the myopic user's response strategies. Therefore, the competition among users is transformed into a cooperative competition (coopetition) since the foresighted user will avoid interfering the myopic user. Since the optimal solution is computationally prohibitive, we propose a low-complexity algorithm based on Lagrangian duality theory. Numerical simulations illustrate that, if a foresighted user has the necessary information about its competitor, the resulting coopetition will benefit both users. Possible methods to acquire the required information and to extend the formulation to more than two users are also discussed.
A breadth-first introductory course for computing majors in the College of Engineering

The Texas Tech Department of Computer Science has created a introductory course for its computer science majors. This course has a purpose similar to the introductory courses in traditional engineering programs. Unlike previous computing courses, it takes a "breadth-first" approach rather than teach only programming, and has structured, "closed" laboratory sessions on a weekly basis. This course has significantly increased both the retention and passing rates for the next computer course (which still emphasizes programming), and the computer science graduation rates. >
The Future of Our Organizations: Students and Early Career Professionals

This response focuses on the significance of ethnic minority psychology organizations and other related membership structures to early career psychologists (ECPs) and counseling psychology students. We discuss not only reasons for why students and ECPs may not be joining professional organizations, but also strategies for recruiting, supporting, and mentoring them through organizations which are focused on diversity.
Interrogating Yeast Surface-displayed Human Proteome to Identify Small Molecule-binding Proteins

Identifying proteins that interact with small molecules is often a challenging step in understanding cellular signaling pathways or molecular mechanisms of drug action. In this report, we describe the construction of libraries displaying human protein fragments on the surface of yeast cells and demonstrate the utility of these libraries for the study of small molecule/protein interactions. The libraries were used to select protein fragments with affinity for the phosphatidylinositides phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3). We recovered cDNA inserts encoding pleckstrin homology domains, a phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and a fragment of apolipoprotein H. The pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains are known phosphatidylinositide-binding domains, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach. Binding of apolipoprotein H to PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 has not been reported previously and thus represents novel interactions. We expect that this method will be generally applicable to the study of small molecule/protein interactions and may facilitate the study of cellular signaling pathways and mechanisms of drug action or toxicity.
Proactive transaction scheduling for contention management

Hardware Transactional Memory offers a promising high performance and easier to program alternative to lock-based synchronization for creating parallel programs. This is particularly important as hardware manufacturers continue to put more cores on die. But transactional memory still has one main drawback: contention. Contention is caused by multiple transactions trying to speculatively modify the same memory location concurrently causing one or more transactions to abort and retry its execution. Contention serializes the execution, meaning high contention leads to very poor parallel performance. As more cores are added, contention worsens. To date contention-manager designs have been primarily reactive in nature and limited to various forms of randomized backoff to effectively stall contending transactions when conflicts occur. While backoff-based managers have been popular due to their simplicity, at higher core counts our analysis on the STAMP benchmark suite shows that backoff-based managers perform poorly. In particular, small groups of transactions create hot spots of contention that lead to this poor performance. We show these hot spots commonly consist of small sets of conflicts that occur in a predictable manner. To counter this challenge we introduce a dynamic contention management strategy that minimizes contention by using past history to identify when these hot spots will reoccur in the future and proactively schedule affected transactions around these hot spots. The strategy used predicts future contention and schedules to avoid it at runtime without the need for programmer input. Our experiments show that by using our proactive scheduling technique we outperform a backoff-based policy for a 16 processor system by an average of 85%.
Low-voltage high-performance voltage-mode and current-mode WTA circuits based on flipped voltage followers

A new low-voltage CMOS winner-take-all (WTA) circuit is presented. The proposed circuit exhibits a linear increase of complexity with the number of inputs at the rate of only three transistors per input and it is based on a modified version of the common source scheme. In this case, each input follower is enhanced by local shunt feedback to increase its gain and to reduce its output impedance. Simulations demonstrate the potential of the circuit to operate at very high speed, with high precision and with a supply voltage close to a transistor's threshold voltage. Experimental verification of the circuit using a 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is also provided.
Strongly interacting singlet-doublet Higgs model

We study the effects on the vector-boson parameters due to a heavy scalar singlet interacting strongly with the Higgs sector of the standard model. The one-loop-induced effects due to the additional scalar are not suppressed by inverse powers of its mass. In the limit that the singlet-Higgs coupling becomes much larger than the Higgs self-coupling, the 4W vertex differs from that in the standard model. In this limit the leading corrections are not related to the divergences of the gauged nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model.
Concise Care Bundles In Acute Medicine

Abstract The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in King9s Lynn, Norfolk is a 488 bed hospital providing services to approximately 331,000 people across 750 square miles. In 2012 a need was recognised for documentation (pathways) in a practical format to increase usage of national guidelines and facilitate adherence to best practice (gold standards of care) that could be easily version controlled, auditable and provide support in clinical decision-making by junior doctors. BMJ Action Sets[1] fulfilled the brief with expert knowledge, version control and support, though they were deemed too lengthy and unworkable in fast paced settings like the medical assessment unit; they formed the base creation of concise care bundles (CCB). CCB were introduced for 21 clinical presentations and one procedure. Outcomes were fully audited and showed significant improvement in a range of measures, including an increase in completions of CHADVASC score in atrial fibrillation, antibiotics prescribed per protocol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and Blatchford score recorded for patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleed.