cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NanoCAGE-XL and CapFilter: an approach to genome wide identification of high confidence transcription start sites.

Identifying the transcription start sites (TSS) of genes is essential for characterizing promoter regions. Several protocols have been developed to capture the 5′ end of transcripts via Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) or linker-ligation strategies such as Paired-End Analysis of Transcription Start Sites (PEAT), but often require large amounts of tissue. More recently, nanoCAGE was developed for sequencing on the Illumina GAIIx to overcome these difficulties. Here we present the first publicly available adaptation of nanoCAGE for sequencing on recent ultra-high throughput platforms such as Illumina HiSeq-2000, and CapFilter, a computational pipeline that greatly increases confidence in TSS identification. We report excellent gene coverage, reproducibility, and precision in transcription start site discovery for samples from Arabidopsis thaliana roots. nanoCAGE-XL together with CapFilter allows for genome wide identification of high confidence transcription start sites in large eukaryotic genomes.
A correlative study of the bacteriological and clinical results observed in the management of common pelvic infections with a new oral penicillin-sulfonamide preparation

Abstract Twenty-seven patients with common obstetrical and gynecological infections were treated with a new oral penicillin-triple sufonamide preparation Their clinical responses were correlated with pre- and posttreatment bacterial cultures, and to a lesser degree with sensitivity tests. Combined therapy, such as the preparation used in this study, will invariably give better over-all therapeutic and prophylactic results than will the use of one agent alone. However, there is still no substitute for good obstetrical and surgical technique. The results emphasize the need for an intensive study of the in vitro in vivo sensitivity correlation.
The Acoustic Analogy and the Prediction of the Noise of Rotating Blades

The acoustic analogy was introduced into acoustics by Lighthill in 1952 to understand and predict the noise generated by the jet of an aircraft turbojet engine. The idea behind the acoustic analogy is simple but powerful. The entire noise generation process is mathematically reduced to the study of wave propagation in a quiescent medium with the effect of flow replaced by quadrupole sources. In jet noise theory, Lighthill was able to obtain significant and useful qualitative results from the acoustic analogy. The acoustic analogy has influenced the theoretical and experimental research on jet noise since the early 1950s. This paper, however, focuses on another area in which the acoustic analogy has had a significant impact, namely, the prediction of the noise of rotating machinery. The governing equation for this problem was derived by Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings in 1969. This equation is a wave equation for perturbation density with three source terms, which have become known as thickness, loading, and the quadrupole source terms, respectively. The Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) equation has been used for the successful prediction of the noise of helicopter rotors, propellers, and fans. Several reasons account for the success and popularity of the acoustic analogy. First, the problems of acoustics and aerodynamics are separated. Second, because the FW–H equation is linear, powerful analytical methods from linear operator theory can be used to obtain closed-form solutions. Third, advances in digital computers and computational fluid dynamics algorithms have resulted in high-resolution near-field aerodynamic calculations that are suitable for noise prediction. We present some of the mathematical results for noise prediction based on the FW–H equation, including examples for helicopter rotors. In particular, we discuss the prediction of blade-vortex interaction noise and high-speed impulsive noise of helicopter rotors. For high-speed propellers, we briefly discuss the derivation of a singularity-free solution of the FW–H equation for a supersonic panel on a blade.
A new proximity test for polynomial zeros

Abstract We combine some known techniques and results of Turan and Schonhage to improve substantially numerical performance of the computation of the minimum and the maximum distances from a fixed complex point to roots (zeros) of a fixed univariate polynomial.
Trace cobalt sorption on 21 sediment types from the Hanford site, Washington

Abstract Studies were conducted at the Hanford Site In Washington State to measure the 200 East and 200 West Separation Areas' sorption properties for trace cobalt ( 60 Co). Scintillation logs of ground disposal facilities and particle size plus calcium carbonate sediment data were used to independently delineate sediment types. Good agreement was found between the sediment types delineated by the two methods. Twenty-one sediment types were delineated from five wells. Twenty-one empirical distribution coefficient (Kd) equations were developed for trace 60 Co sorption of 21 sediment types from the Hanford Site 200 Separation Areas. The coefficients in these equations for 60 Co were internally of the same general form. However, there were marked differences between comparable coefficients. Average coefficient values were computed for 60 Co and compared with individual sediment type coefficients. Cobalt sorption was controlled only by calcium (Ca 2+ ). These data are required for the transport modeling of 60 Co in varied sodium, calcium, and potassium soil-water systems. A sensitivity analysis of retardation factor values for two selected sediment chemical systems were evaluated to determine if additional 200 Separation Areas' sediment measurements are required. Retardation factors were compared for paired sediment types which occupy similar stratigraphic locations in the sampled wells. These values were generally within a factor of three of each other, which is within the range expected considering both experimental and sampling errors. Thus, no additional sorption property measurements are likely to be required for the areas enclosed by these wells.
Bronchoscopic findings in post-obstructive pulmonary oedema.

Purpose To present the first photographed bronchoscopic findings associated with negative pressure pulmonary oedema (NPPE).
A stable isotope-based approach to tropical dendroclimatology

Abstract We describe a strategy for development of chronological control in tropical trees lacking demonstrably annual ring formation, using high resolution δ 18 O measurements in tropical wood. The approach applies existing models of the oxygen isotopic composition of alpha-cellulose (Roden et al., 2000) , a rapid method for cellulose extraction from raw wood (Brendel et al., 2000) , and continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (Brenna et al., 1998) to develop proxy chronological, rainfall and growth rate estimates from tropical trees lacking visible annual ring structure. Consistent with model predictions, pilot datasets from the temperate US and Costa Rica having independent chronological control suggest that observed cyclic isotopic signatures of several permil (SMOW) represent the annual cycle of local rainfall and relative humidity. Additional data from a plantation tree of known age from ENSO-sensitive northwestern coastal Peru suggests that the 1997–8 ENSO warm phase event was recorded as an 8‰ anomaly in the δ 18 O of α-cellulose. The results demonstrate reproducibility of the stable isotopic chronometer over decades, two different climatic zones, and three tropical tree genera, and point to future applications in paleoclimatology.
Underlying interleukin-6 levels identify women destined to develop intrapartum fever after epidural analgesia

TO DEVELOP INTRAPARTUM FEVER AFTER EPIDURAL ANALGESIA LAURA GOETZL, JOSE RIVERS, ISRAEL ZIGHELBOIM, MARY ANN MASTRANGELO, DAVID J TWEARDY, MAYA S SURESH, Baylor College of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Houston, TX Baylor College of Medicine, Anesthesiology, Houston, TX Baylor College of Medicine, Medicine, Houston, TX OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the non-infectious inflammatory etiology of epidural fever. STUDY DESIGN: We enrolled a prospective cohort of afebrile ( 100.48F was 24%. Pre-epidural maternal IL-6 levels were significantly higher in women who later developed a fever (26.1 ± 4.4 vs. 88.9 ± 21.8 pg/mL, p = .01). The majority of women had no temperature response to epidural analgesia (Figure 1). However, the subset of women who later develop epidural fever manifest temperature changes too soon to be explained by chorioamnionitis. CONCLUSION: We report the novel finding that only a subset of nulliparous women respond to epidural with hyperthermia, and that this response is not associated with clinical signs of underlying infection. However, there exists antecedant maternal inflammation, as shown by elevated IL-6, prior to epidural placement. Our findings do not support the two previous hypotheses for epidural fever: 1) acquired infection and 2) pertubations of maternal thermoregulation. Elucidating the inflammatorymechanism of epidural fever is critical in designing targeted interventions.
Solar storage systems using salt hydrate latent heat and direct contact heat exchange. II: Characteristics of pilot system operating with sodium sulphate solution

Abstract The operating characteristics of Glauber's salt as a heat storage medium were studied in a pilot heat storage system using direct phase contact heat exchange. The effect of several variables was studied over many complete cycles of the unit, including variable HTF flow rate and inlet temperature, wall insulation, internals to redisperse the HTF and prolonged shutdown of the system. Thermal efficiencies generally exceeded 85 per cent and were often greater than 90 per cent. These values are higher than those reported for smaller heat storage vessels. Volumetric heat transfer coefficients were also determined and correlated with the HTF superficial velocity.
Multi-robot routing for servicing spatio-temporal requests: A musically inspired problem

Abstract In this paper, we consider the problem of routing multiple robots to service spatially distributed requests at specified time instants. As a motivating example, we present the Robot Music Wall , a musically instrumented surface where planar positions correspond to distinct notes of an instrument. Multiple robots with the ability to traverse the wall can effectively “play” a piece of music by reaching positions on the wall that correspond to the musical notes in the piece, at specified time instants. We show that the multi-robot routing problem for servicing such spatio-temporal requests can be formulated as a pure assignment problem with the resulting reduction in complexity. Moreover, we derive the minimum number of robots required to service such requests.
Isolation and host range of bacteriophages active against human oral enterococci.

Abstract Enterococcal strains were isolated from the oral cavities of forty-two dental patients. Strains were identified as enterococci on the basis of standard biochemical tests and were confirmed as Group D streptococci by means of an agar precipitin method. Strains were classified as S. faecalis and its varieties zymogenes and liquefaciens S. faecium and S. durans . Temperate bacteriophages were isolated from nineteen oral and non-oral enterococcal strains. These phages plus eleven virulent phages were tested for host range against the oral bacterial isolates and a number of other enterococcal strains. Approximately half of the oral enterococci were attacked by either temperate or virulent phages. Sensitivity to phage attack was almost completely limited to strains of S. faecalis and its varieties. Some phages could attack members of several S. faecalis subgroups however none of the phages which attacked S. faecalis or its varieties could attack oral S. faecium or S. durans strains. Oral S. faecium and S. durans strains were in addition resistant to the S. faecium phages tested. The characteristics of the enterococcus phages tested indicate that the development of a phage-typing scheme for oral enterococci is feasible.
Numerical study of the 1988 drought in the United States

During the summer of 1988, a severe drought caused extensive loss of crops in the Midwest and Gulf States of the United States. The Purdue Regional Model (PRM), with comprehensive atmospheric physics and soil-vegetation surface package, has been integrated continuously for thirty days of June 1988 to study circulation and surface hydrology. The results show that the PRM is capable of reproducing the evolution of the observed weather and monthly mean fields of June 1988, when an extensive ridge located over the hot, dry North America suppressed the moisture supply from the oceans. Sensitivity test shows that under the observed SST and large-scale wave pattern, the model can generate more precipitation using wet soil as the initial condition, but a strong stationary anticyclone still exists in the US. The wet soil also enhances anticyclonic circulation centered over the Rocky Mountains, and the offshore flow in Texas and Gulf States, soil becomes dry eventually. Hence, the dry soil over the central US alone is insufficient to instigate the anomalous warm ridge, but could have had a role in its persistent drought due to the weakening of the low-level jet in Texas and Oklahoma region and less evaporation from the land surface.
Role of Calclum and Lanatoside C in Increasing Oxygen Consumption in Human Myocardial Tissue Slices

1 x 10-6 M Lanatoside C has been demonstrated to produce a sustained increase in oxygen consumption in human myocardial tissue slices as previously demonstrated by Burdette. This acceleration of qO2 is independent of the substrates employed with the exception of succinate. This qO2 acceleration has been demonstrated to be calcium dependent in human heart tissue slices similar to the known interrelationship of calcium and digitalis on myocardial contractility. The observation that the greatest increase in qO2 occurred with glucose and without exogenous substrate suggests that the increase in qO2 induced by the glycoside is dependent upon a stimulatory effect on glycolysis.
Software Science and Cognitive Psychology

Halstead proposed a methodology for studying the process of programming known as software science. This methodology merges theories from cognitive psychology with theories from computer science. There is evidence that some of the assumptions of software science incorrectly apply the results of cognitive psychology studies. HAlstead proposed theories relative to human memory models that appear to be without support from psychologists. Other software scientists, however, report empirical evidence that may support some of those theories. This anomaly places aspects of software science in a precarious position. The three conflicting issues discussed in this paper are 1) limitations of short-term memory and number of sub-routine parameters, 2) searches in human memory and programming effort, and 3) psychological time and programming time.
Molluscan engrailed expression, serial organization, and shell evolution

Whether the serial features found in some molluscs are ancestral or derived is considered controversial. Here, in situ hybridization and antibody studies show iterated engrailed-gene expression in transverse rows of ectodermal cells bounding plate field development and spicule formation in the chiton, Lepidochitona cavema, as well as in cells surrounding the valves and in the early development of the shell hinge in the clam, Transennella tantilla. Ectodermal expression of engrailed is associated with skeletogenesis across a range of bilaterian phyla, suggesting a single evolutionary origin of invertebrate skeletons. The shared ancestry of bilaterian-invertebrate skeletons may help explain the sudden appearance of shelly fossils in the Cambrian. Our interpretation departs from the consideration of canonical metameres or segments as units of evolutionary analysis. In this interpretation, the shared ancestry of engrailed-gene function in the terminal/posterior addition of serially repeated elements during development explains the iterative expression of engrailed genes in a range of metazoan body plans.
Salvage of permanent epicardial lead function by conversion of a bipolar to unipolar lead.

Increased thresholds in permanent epicardial leads pose a special challenge in the postoperative period. We present a case of complete heart block after surgical correction of a congenital heart defect that required conversion of an axial bipolar lead to unipolar lead to avoid lead replacement. We review the options for repair and describe our approach to this patient. (J Card Surg 2012;27:771-773)
Deleuze, Darwin and the Categorisation of Life

I begin with Deleuze's criticism of the Darwinian concept of difference as leading to the inaccurate assumption that difference occurs within individuals and species. Deleuze radicalises Darwin's theory by disrupting the ontological stability of species and extant individualities. I examine how Deleuze's project relates to punctuated equilibrium and the discovery of the amount of variation within the human genome, showing that these recent developments make Deleuze's critique less applicable by showing that Darwinian classification schemes should include a greater openness to difference. A complete alignment between evolutionary biology and Deleuze may be impossible given the limitations of evolutionary biology, but evolutionary biology can rethink the ontological permanence it gives to species and individuals.
Differential impact of nutrition on developmental and metabolic gene expression during fruiting body development in Neurospora crassa

Fungal fruiting body size and form are influenced by the ecology of the species, including diverse environmental stimuli. Accordingly, nutritional resources available to the fungus during development can be vital to successful production of fruiting bodies. To investigate the effect of nutrition, perithecial development of Neurospora crassa was induced on two different media, a chemically sparsely nutritive Synthetic Crossing Medium (SCM) and a natural Carrot Agar (CA). Protoperithecia were collected before crossing, and perithecia were collected at 2, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and at full maturity 144 h after crossing. No differences in fruiting body morphology were observed between the two media at any time point. A circuit of microarray hybridizations comparing cDNA from all neighboring stages was performed. For a majority of differentially expressed genes, expression was higher in SCM than in CA, and expression of core metabolic genes was particularly affected. Effects of nutrition were highest in magnitude before crossing, lowering in magnitude during early perithecial development. Interestingly, metabolic effects of the media were also large in magnitude during late perithecial development, at which stage the lower expression in CA presumably reflected the continued intake of diverse complex initial compounds, diminishing the need for expression of anabolic pathways. However, for genes with key regulatory roles in sexual development, including pheromone precursor ccg-4 and poi2, expression patterns were similar between treatments. When possible, a common nutritional environment is ideal for comparing transcriptional profiles between different fungi. Nevertheless, the observed consistency of the developmental program across media, despite considerable metabolic differentiation is reassuring. This result facilitates comparative studies that will require different nutritional resources for sexual development in different fungi.
Molecular imaging of c-Met tyrosine kinase activity

The receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), modulate signaling cascades implicated in cellular proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Therefore, dysregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling can compromise the cellular capacity to moderate these activities and can lead to tumorigenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in various human malignancies. To facilitate studies investigating HGF/c-Met receptor coupling or c-Met signaling events in real time and in living cells and animals, here we describe a genetically engineered reporter where bioluminescence can be used as a surrogate for c-Met tyrosine kinase activity. c-Met kinase activity in cultured cells and tumor xenografts was monitored quantitatively and dynamically in response to the activation or inhibition of the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with a c-Met inhibitor and the HGF neutralizing antibody stimulated the reporter's bioluminescence activity in a dose-dependent manner and led to a regression of U-87 MG tumor xenografts. Results obtained from these studies provide unique insights into the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of agents that modulate c-Met activity and validate c-Met as a target for human glioblastoma therapy.
Types of Criminal Acts Women are Likely to Commit

In their article, Trice and Lamb misrepresented my 1975 work on women and crime by suggesting that I predicted that there would be a big increase in violent crime among young women as they become more "masculinized." In fact, what was predicted was that as more women entered the labor force, there would be a significant increase in property offenses, mostly white collar and financial crimes on the part of women.
Upper and lower lip augmentation with dermal autografts

Increasing attention has been paid to the size, shape, and contour of the lips, resulting in more patients desiring aesthetic lip enhancement. Various implants and techniques have been described to augment thin and wrinkled lips. These have included allogenic injectable substances such as liquid silicone 1 and bovine collagen (Collagen Corp., Palo Alto, CA). 2 Other implantable substances, such as suture threading and Gore-tex (W.L. Gore, Flagstaff, AZ), 3'4 have also been used for lip augmentation. Autologous fat injection for lip augmentation has also been described. The major disadvantages of these substances have been related to graft resorption, lack of predictable augmentation, possible infection, graft rejection, and allergic reaction. Other procedures , including vermilion advancement by excision of white lip and various mucosal advancement techniques have also been described to create a more appealing lip. 5"6 Although these procedures do not involve implanting allogenic substances, each of them can result in an unnatural appearance of the lips. Any surgical procedure to enhance the appearance of the lips should create a natural lip appearance. Dermal-fat lip augmentat ion has the advantage of using autologous tissue that becomes incorporated at the recipient site from the rich vascular bed of the lips. The procedure allows implantation of grafts into small incisions on the vermilion surface of the lips. Because autologous tissue is used, the possibility for infection, allergic reaction, or graft rejection is minimal. This article describes the indications, technique, and potential complications of augmentat ion of the upper and lower lips with autologous dermal grafts.
WOSC 2014: second workshop on optimizing stencil computations

The second Workshop on Optimizing Stencil Computations is held in Portland, Oregon, USA on October 20, 2014, as part of the 2014 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Systems, Programming Languages, and Applications: Software for Humanity (SPLASH). The workshop's objective is to bring together users of stencil computations and building systems, languages, and frameworks that optimize such computations, which appear in a large variety of domains. Because of their ubiquity, importance, and relative simplicity, stencils are a rich and varied area of research for a number of systems communities, and we have constructed the workshop to emphasize cross-project discussion. In addition to submitted papers, we are inviting keynote speakers from important stakeholders who use stencils in their applications. Proceedings will be published in the ACM Digital Library.
Environmental stress alters genetic regulation of novelty seeking in vervet monkeys

Considerable attention has been paid to identifying genetic influences and gene–environment interactions that increase vulnerability to environmental stressors, with promising but inconsistent results. A nonhuman primate model is presented here that allows assessment of genetic influences in response to a stressful life event for a behavioural trait with relevance for psychopathology. Genetic and environmental influences on free-choice novelty seeking behaviour were assessed in a pedigreed colony of vervet monkeys before and after relocation from a low stress to a higher stress environment. Heritability of novelty seeking scores, and genetic correlations within and between environments were conducted using variance components analysis. The results showed that novelty seeking was markedly inhibited in the higher stress environment, with effects persisting across a 2-year period for adults but not for juveniles. There were significant genetic contributions to novelty seeking scores in each year (h2 = 0.35–0.43), with high genetic correlations within each environment (rhoG > 0.80) and a lower genetic correlation (rhoG = 0.35, non-significant) between environments. There were also significant genetic contributions to individual change scores from before to after the move (h2 = 0.48). These results indicate that genetic regulation of novelty seeking was modified by the level of environmental stress, and they support a role for gene–environment interactions in a behavioural trait with relevance for mental health.
Elasto-plastic thermal stresses in a solidifying body

Abstract The distribution of thermal stresses in a solidifying metal slab is calculated. The solid is regarded as elastic/perfectly plastic with a yield stress which is a linear function of temperature and which is zero at the solidification temperature. The slab is constrained against bending but otherwise free of tractions; the temperature distribution within the solid is taken as that given by Neumann's solution for solidification with constant surface temperature. The problem is motivated by consideration of the early stage of solidification of a metal casting in a square mould.
Perceived and Remembered Duration of Films

Summary.-Immediate and delayed judgments of the durations of two films were obtained. Although Ss tended to overestimate both films, differences in the sryle and content of the films, and in judgment conditions, failed to produce significant differences in the magnitude or accuracy of judgments. Results implied that Ss "store" "corrected" rather than "raw" temporal experience. Since Fraisse and de Montomollin's ( 1952 ) study concerned with factors affecting memory of films, few researchers have used films as stimulus events to be temporally judged. This is surprising, since it has been recognized that films afford systematic variation of many psychologically relevant variables, including presentation rate, content, modality of information presentation, in addition to films' ability to hold Ss' attention, and potentials with young or linguistically restricted persons (Siebert 8: Snow, 1965 ) . ' The present smdy was concerned with two questions basic to the use of films in temporal smdies: Does moderate variation in film content and form strikingly affect judged duration? Do perceived durations (immediate recall) differ significantly from remembered durations (delayed recall), given that the experienced event has specific temporal boundaries and is "figural" in other ways? Regarding the first question, Fraisse (1963, p. 228) reported that in his earlier smdy in 1952, he had found that films 2 min. 42 sec., and 3 min. 14 sec. in length were about equally overestimated at over 200% of their actual durations, although their format was different-the shorter being a dramatic narrative, and the longer being a news sequence. However, no data were reported concerning Ss' interest in the films, and Fraisse's explanation of the unusual magnitudes of overestirnacion was based on the "spectator" character of film-watching experiences. Regarding the second question, Bakan and Kleba ( 1957) provided evidence for reduced reliability of time estimates with a one week delay but reported no accuracy data.Additionally, Warm, Smith, and Caldwell (1967) suggested memorial deterioration as a factor in time estimates when S does not assign a verbal rating to the duration. Explanations for the classical negative time error (Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1954, pp. 226-228) lead to the expectation that as the delay between stimulus and judgment is increased, the judged magnirude of the stimulus should decrease, due to "fading" of the stimulus trace. When S is unaware that he will be asked to judge the duration of a stimulus event, he should
Moduli of stable surfaces

This article is a survey of basic facts about the moduli spaces of stable surfaces. These spaces are projective compactifications of the moduli spaces of minimal surfaces of general type. They share few of the nice features of the moduli spaces of stable curves. Some of the main pathologies are presented with some historical remarks and some more recent results on the boundary of these spaces.
Automatic parameter learning for multiple network alignment

We developed Graemlin 2.0, a new multiple network aligner with (1) a novel scoring function that can use arbitrary features of a multiple network alignment, such as protein deletions, protein duplications, protein mutations, and interaction losses; (2) a parameter learning algorithm that uses a training set of known network alignments to learn parameters for our scoring function and thereby adapt it to any set of networks; and (3) an algorithm that uses our scoring function to find approximate multiple network alignments in linear time. We tested Graemlin 2.0's accuracy on protein interaction networks from IntAct, DIP, and the Stanford Network Database.We show that, on each of these datasets, Graemlin 2.0 has higher sensitivity and specificity than existing network aligners. Graemlin 2.0 is available under the GNU public license at http://graemlin.stanford.edu.
Effects of topically applied 5-fluorouracil in the Syrian hamster.

A microscopic and histologic comparative analysis of the effects of topically applied 5-FU on the skin and buccal pouch of the Syrian hamster revealed a marked difference in response. Anesthetized Syrian hamsters were treated daily with 0.5 mg of 5-FU for 14 consecutive days. Gross and microscopic examinations reveled that the skin was unaffected by this therapy. Macroscopic changes of the buccal pouches were noted 24 hr after therapy was initiated and microscopic evidence of erythema was noted at the end of a days. Mitotic figures and an inflammatory cell infiltrate noted after 3 days were completely absent in later specimens. An epithelial connective tissue defect with ulceration and necrosis was evident by the end of 7 days. Nine-day and 14 days specimens showed severe epithelial connective tissue separation and condensation of the underlying connective tissue. Animals allowed to recover after 14 days of therapy showed complete reepithelization by the end of 34 days.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of the one-dimensional ribbon chains [MOBut·ButOH]∞ and the cubane species [MOBut]4 (M = K and Rb)

Abstract The series [MOBut·ButOH]∞ (M = K, Rb and Cs) have been prepared by the reaction of M with ButOH in THF. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed for M = K or Rb that [MOBut·ButOH]∞ crystallizes from tetrahydrofuran-n-pentane at −20°C in the triclinic space group P 1 , with unit cell dimensions [K, Rb]: a = 9.862(3), 9.886(2) A; b = 9.929(4), 9.914(2) A; c = 6.330(2), 6.640(1) A; β = 90.66(2), 90.46(1)° and Z = 2, as a one-dimensional chain linked by hydrogen-bonding. The strong hydrogen-bonding within the chain O(2)O(7) (2.46, 2.44 A) also results in a near linear O(7)HO(2) angle (167.4, 172.61°) with the hydrogen atom closer to O(7) (1.22, 1.18 A), than O(2) (1.24, 1.27 A). These alcohol adducts may be readily converted into the compounds [MOBut]4 (M = K, Rb and Cs) by sublimation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal for M = K or Rb, that [MOBut]4 crystallizes from toluene at −20°C in the cubic space group P 4 3M; with unit cell dimensions [K, Rb]; a = 8.372(1), 8.514(1) A, and Z = 4, as cubane structures. Within the cubane-like structures the OMO angles are found to deviate only slightly from 90°, with OMO (90.18, 89.11°) and MOM (89.82, 90.89°) for M = K and Rb, respectively. The alcohol adducts undergo an alkoxide ligand exchange process that is rapid on the 1H NMR time scale at room temperature.
Two regions of homozygosity on chromosome 3p in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: Comparison with cytogenetic analysis

Background Loss effecting the short arm of chromosome 3 occurs in nearly 60% of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Karyotype analysis indicated that these losses occur in two regions, 3p13–p14 and 3p21–p24. To test these findings, we examined tumor DNA from 38 SCCHN cell lines for heterozygosity and homozygosity at 6 polymorphic loci spanning this region. Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify polymorphic restriction sites on 3p, the amplified products were digested with the appropriate restriction enzyme, electrophoresed on agarose gels, and assessed for the presence of one or both alleles. The 38 SCCHN cell lines were established from 31 patients and included 16 that had been karyotyped. In 6 cases two or three tumor cell lines established from separate tumors in the same patients were studied. Results The cell lines exhibited a very low frequency of heterozygosity for the regions 3p12–3p21 (D3S3, D3S30 and D3S2) and distal 3p21–3p24 (D3F15S2 and THRB), when compared with that observed in the normal population. In contrast, D3S32, located within 3p21, was heterozygous in 38% of the tumors which is close to the frequency seen in the normal population (50%). In most cases the PCR results were consistent with the cytogenetic predictions. However, in 4 cell lines 3p loss was predicted from the karyotype, but heterozygosity for D3S32 was present. Conclusions These experiments support cytogenetic data that indicate two regions of 3p loss in SCCHN tumors. The 3p regions that show a high frequency of homozygosity may contain tumor suppressor genes involved in the development and/or progression of squamous cancer. The region surrounding D3S32 may contain an essential gene that is conserved in two copies even when much of 3p is lost. HEAD & NECK 1996;18:529–537 © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Acetylcholinesterase Immunolesioning: Regional Vulnerability of Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons in Rat Spinal Cord

Abstract Rats given antibodies against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) develop sympathetic dysfunction stemming from losses of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord. Central effects of AChE antibodies are surprising since IgG does not readily cross the blood–brain barrier, and lesions of peripheral terminals should not cause cell death. This study was designed to explore the distribution of central neural damage and to investigate features that might account for vulnerability. Rat spinal cord and brainstem were stained for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity. Four months after administration of AChE antibodies, ChAT-positive neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) were 61–66% fewer throughout the thoracolumbar cord (T1, T2, T8, T12, L1). NOS-positive neurons in these loci were affected to the same extent by antibody-treatment, although they were only two-thirds as numerous. By contrast, neurons in the central autonomic nucleus of the thoracolumbar cord were scarcely affected. These results point to immunochemical differences in the central autonomic outflow, which may partially explain the puzzling selectivity of neural damage in AChE immunolesioning. Different results were obtained after guanethidine sympathectomy, which ablated nearly all neurons in the superior cervical ganglion without any effect on preganglionic neurons in the IML. Therefore, if the central effects of antibodies are indirectly mediated by loss of trophic support from the periphery, this support cannot arise from adrenergic neurons but must come from other ganglionic cells.
Corridors increase plant species richness at large scales

Habitat fragmentation is one of the largest threats to biodiversity. Landscape corridors, which are hypothesized to reduce the negative consequences of fragmentation, have become common features of ecological management plans worldwide. Despite their popularity, there is little evidence documenting the effectiveness of corridors in preserving biodiversity at large scales. Using a large-scale replicated experiment, we showed that habitat patches connected by corridors retain more native plant species than do isolated patches, that this difference increases over time, and that corridors do not promote invasion by exotic species. Our results support the use of corridors in biodiversity conservation.
Interdisciplinary collaboration and academic work: A case study of a university-community partnership

The authors propose a model of the stages of interdisciplinary collaboration grounded in their experiences as external evaluators of a university-community partnership.
Metabolites of the phospholipase D pathway regulate H2O2-induced filamin redistribution in endothelial cells.

Hypoxia/reoxygenation injury to cultured endothelial cells results in cytoskeletal rearrangement and second messenger activation related to increased monolayer junctional permeability. Cytoskeletal rearrangement by reactive oxygen species may be related to specific activation of the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers are exposed to H2O2 (100 μM) or metabolites of the PLD pathway for 1–60 min. Changes in cAMP levels, Ca2+ levels, PIP2 production, filamin distribution, and intercellular gap formation are then quantitated. H2O2-induced filamin translocation from the membrane to the cytosol occurs after 1-min H2O2 treatment, while intercellular gap formation significantly increases after 15 min. H2O2 and phosphatidic acid exposure rapidly decrease intracellular cAMP levels, while increasing PIP2 levels in a Ca2+-independent manner. H2O2-induced cAMP decreases are prevented by inhibiting phospholipase D. H2O2-induced cytoskeletal changes are prevented by inhibiting phospholipase D, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, phosphoinositide turnover, or by adding a synthetic peptide that binds PIP2. These data indicate that metabolites produced downstream of H2O2-induced PLD activation may mediate filamin redistribution and F-actin rearrangement. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:511–524, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Insecticide resistance in mosquitofish from Texas.

The present report from Texas confirms the Mississippi findings of insecticide resistance inGambusia. In addition, we report evidence that urban, as well as agricultural, uses of insecticide may result in resistantGambusia populations. Further, we observed a resistance pattern that is distinctly different from that found in Mississippi.
Proton-neutron elastic scattering on a deuterium target

We have tested the feasibility of measuring the ratio of proton-neutron to proton-proton elastic scattering using the second extracted proton beam of the Argonne ZGS and a liquid-deuterium target. The forward proton was detected by a 35-m-long spectrometer consisting of magnets and scintillation and \ifmmode \check{C}\else \v{C}\fi{}erenkov counters. The recoil nucleon was detected by a steel-scintillator sandwich counter. The efficiency of this counter was measured using tagged neutron in coincidence with the spectrometer and calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation of the nuclear cascade. A scintillation counter determined whether the recoil nucleon was charged or neutral. At a test point of ${p}_{0}=12.4$ GeV/c, ${\ensuremath{\theta}}^{*}=37\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, and $t=\ensuremath{-}2.2$ ${(\mathrm{G}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathit{c})}^{2}$, we found a $\mathrm{pn}$-to-$\mathrm{pp}$ cross-section ratio of 1.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.14. The $\mathrm{pp}$ cross section was ${(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}})}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=5.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$ \ensuremath{\mu}b/sr, and the $\mathrm{pn}$ cross section was ${(\frac{d\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}})}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=6.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ \ensuremath{\mu}b/sr. The ratio of $\mathrm{pp}$ scattering from deuterium to $\mathrm{pp}$ scattering from hydrogen, corrected for geometrical effects, was 0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09. We discuss the future of this technique for measuring $\mathrm{pn}$ cross sections and compare the results of the test with the predictions of the Glauber multiple-scattering formalism. We also plot available $\mathrm{pn}$ data as a function of ${{\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}}^{2}{{p}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}^{2}$.
A seven-color theorem on the sphere

Ringel has shown that the set of vertices and regions of any normal map on the sphere can be admissibly colored by six colors. In this paper, it is shown that the set of vertices, edges and regions of any normal map on the sphere can be admissibly colored with seven colors.
Mixed ligand complexes—V. (aminoacidato)bis-(1-amidino-O-alkylurea)cobalt(III) salts

Abstract Heating trans -[Co(NH 3 ) 2 (AAUH) 2 ] 3+ salts (AAUH = 1-amidino- O -alkylurea) with amino acids (ABH = glycine, alanine, valine, or histidine) causes the evolution of ammonia and separation of [Co(AB)(AAUH) 2 ] 2+ salts, which were characterized by chemical methods; paper chromatography; and measurement of conductance, equivalent weight, and electronic and infrared spectra. Trans to cis isomerization occurs in the presence of amino acid, especially at elevated temperatures. Orange-red [Co(histŌ) (AMUH/AEUH) 2 ] 2+ (histOH = histidine; AMUH = 1-amidino- O -methylurea; AEUH = 1-amidino- O -ethylurea) shows only one band at higher energy (21052 cm −1 ) than the transition (20410 cm −1 ) of the red-violet [Co(AB)(AAUH) 2 ] 2+ . Histidinate ion behaves as an NN didentate donor rather than an NO donor. Infrared spectra indicate that the AAUH secondary amine nitrogens are the donor atoms. A strong band (1100 cm −1 ), characterized as an ether (COR) group, is observed in both AAUH and their metal complexes. A new prominent band (1230–1270 cm −1 ), assigned as a chelate ring, is observed in all metal chelates.
A finite strain work-hardening theory for rate independent elasto-plasticity

Abstract A finite strain constitutive theory for a special class of isotropic, rate independent, elastic-plastic materials is proposed. The development proceeds from the assumed existence of a free energy function and the requirement that the postulate of Il'iushin be satisfied for all processes. A precise formulation of the hypothesis of invariance of elastic properties under continued plastic flow, however, leads to an important identity which restricts the class of admissible energy functions and allows for a useful restatement of the known stability requirements. In particular, it is established that a yield function that depends only on the invariants of Kirchhoff stress must necessarily conform to an explicit convexity requirement and act as a potential, in the classical sense, for the plastic strain increments. With this, a complete analogy with the classical small strain development of rate independent elasto-plasticity is established.
John Carroll and the Appeal to Evidence: A Pragmatic Defense of Principle

Throughout his career John Carroll supported the American religious settlement with surprising and consistent enthusiasm. Indeed, his enthusiasm for the religious liberty of the new republic seemed to be boundless. Thus he never tired of celebrating and advertising its benefits. He assured American Catholics that it was “a signal instance of [God's] mercy” and a product of the active intervention of Divine Providence and the Holy Spirit, who have “tutored the minds of men” in such a way that Catholics could now freely worship God according to the “dictates of conscience.” Flushed with pride, he even predicted that if America were wise enough to abide by the terms of this providential arrangement, the nation would become a beacon to the world, proving that “general and equal toleration…is the most effectual method to bring all denominations of Christians to an unity of faith.” Finally, confident that the extraordinary freedom accorded American Catholics would make the American church “the most flourishing portion of the church,” he urged European states and churches to follow America's inspired lead.
Cerebral gigantism: concentrations of amino acids in plasma and muscle.

Patients with cerebral gigantism have advanced linear growth and skeletal maturation, as well as mental retardation and characteristic facies. Two patients with these features have been studied. Both had dermatoglyphic abnormalities. Growth hormone concentrations were normal. The concentrations of essential amino acids in the plasma of these patients were considerably higher than those of control subjects. The ratios of glycine to valine and the ratios of other nonessential to essential amino acids were particularly effective in distinguishing patient from control. The data suggest that these ratios may be a meaningful way to assess cellular growth.
Dislocation substructure developed during creep of ceramic solid solution alloys

Abstract The dislocation substructure for two KCl-KBr and two KCl-RbCl single crystal solid solution alloys exhibiting a stress exponent of three and other creep characteristics typical of class I metallic solid solution behavior was investigated. The dislocation substructure for all four solid solution alloys consisted of well-defined subgrains, which is in contrast to that typically observed for class I metallic solid solution alloys.
Applied geography in a digital age: The case for mixed methods

Although it is known by different names, the qualitative–quantitative divide is a common enough description for battles between the general and the unique in the social sciences. Whatever value such an academic discussion might have for the pursuit of theory, the goal of applied social science is different. It is, more generally, to solve particular human problems, not to produce universal or law-like understanding. Insofar as applied geography endeavors to link general processes to specific cases, qualitative approaches are uniquely positioned to make meaning in place, impact policy, and transform everyday life. In this article, we discuss three areas in which qualitative methods connect the spectrum of applied geospatial research: Creation, Confirmation, and Connectivity. We show how the union of qualitative methods and a focus on the specific with different geospatial technologies has led to innovative and exciting ways of understanding and visualizing the multifaceted relationships between spatial phenomena. Indeed, through the thoughtful use of qualitative methods, applied geographers can truly begin to understand the complex interactions occurring all around us between society, environment, and place.