cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ablepharon macrostomia syndrome with associated cutis laxa: possible localization to 18q.

The ablepharon-macrostomia (AMS) and Barher-Say syndromes (BSS) are rare disorders characterized by absence of the eyelids or ectropion, macrostomia, ambiguous genitalia, abnormal ears, rudimentary nipples, and dry, redundant skin. Patients with Barber-Say syndrome also have hypertrichosis. We present a patient with a phenotype similar to AMS who has a complex rearrangement of chromosome 18, involving both an inversion and interstitial deletion. Our patient lacks the typical features of the 18q deletion syndrome. We review AMS and BSS as compared with our patient, and recognize cutis laxa as a feature shared by all. We propose that the gene(s) for this phenotype may lie on chromosome 18 in the region of the deletion or inversion breakpoints.
What Is the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Pain During Functional Tasks in Persons Undergoing TKA? A 6-year Perioperative Cohort Study.

Background Preoperative depressive symptoms have been shown in some but not all studies to be associated with poor self-reported pain and function outcomes. In addition, depressive symptoms after surgery have been shown to improve relative to preoperative levels.
The Effect of Fatigue on Driving Skills in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy

OBJECTIVES: Hepatic encephalopathy, both overt (OHE) and minimal (MHE), is associated with poor quality of life and fatigue. The aim of this study was to define the effect of fatigue on driving skills in MHE and OHE patients. METHODS: Cirrhotics and age/education-matched controls were administered a psychometric battery of tests to diagnose MHE. Cirrhotics with recent OHE on lactulose were also included. All subjects underwent a driving simulation; to assess fatigue, the second half performance was compared with the first half of the simulation. The outcomes were collisions, speeding, road excursions, and center crossings. Actual driving-associated fatigue was assessed by the American Medical Association (AMA) driver survey. RESULTS: A total of 100 cirrhotics (51 MHE, 27 no MHE, and 22 OHE) and 67 controls were included. A significantly higher proportion of OHE and MHE patients admitted to fatigue after actual driving on the AMA survey compared with no MHE patients (P=0.02). All patients who admitted to fatigue and none who denied fatigue on the AMA survey had simulator collisions. Psychometric and simulator performance in treated OHE patients was similarly impaired to MHE patients despite therapy. Within groups, a significant increase in collisions, speeding, and center crossings in the second half (P=0.01) was seen only in MHE patients. CONCLUSIONS: Psychometric and simulator performance in patients with recent OHE on treatment is similarly impaired as that of untreated MHE patients. Simulator performance in MHE worsens over time with fatigue. OHE and MHE patients had a higher rate of actual driving-associated fatigue on the AMA survey, which was significantly predictive of simulator collisions. Language: en
Odors influencing foraging behavior of the California spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus, and other decapod crustacea

Trapping experiments were conducted in the More Mesa coastal area of Santa Barbara, California, 4 km east of the U.C. Santa Barbara campus. Live intact and injured prey and excised tissues were placed in traps, in containers allowing odor release but preventing contacts with entering animals. Individuals of six prey species failed to attract lobsters when alive and intact, but some became attractive once injured. Excised tissues were the most effective baits. Abalone and mackerel muscle were attractive to lobsters but relatively nonattractive to crabs, while angel shark muscle was attractive to crabs but not to lobsters. Shrimp cephalothoraces were repellent to lobsters. Naturally occurring attractant and repellent tissues are thus identified and chemo‐sensory abilities of lobsters and sympatric crabs are demonstrated to differ. Abalone muscle increased in attractivity following 1–2 days field exposure. Molecular weights of stimulants released by both weathered and fresh abalone were < 10,000 daltons with...
Neurocognition and alcoholism

Various neurocognitive deficits related to alcoholism interfere with participation in intensive treatment programs which often have strong learning components. Some of these learning impairments resolve with abstinence (timedependent recovery). Others, which normally do not recover with abstinence, may be remediated with selected neurocognitive stimulation (experiencedependent recovery). An overview of research findings examining experiencedependent recovery is provided, along with a neurocognitive model for occupational therapy intervention during detoxification of the person with alcohol dependence. Emphasis is given to occupational therapy evaluation and assessment of neurocognitive recovery and the corresponding treatment strategies designed to facilitate experience-dependent recovery in alcoholism.
Characterization of uranium contamination in surface soils

Abstract Traditional means of obtaining radionuclide concentrations in soils over large areas are often time-consuming, cumbersome, expensive, and potentially non-representative. In an attempt to develop improved systems and new methodologies for the rapid and economical characterization of large-scale uranium contamination, two disparate monitoring technologies were compared at a contaminated site within the Fernald facility near Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. The results of this preliminary study suggest that uncollimated in-situ γ spectrometry and high-energy β-scintillation sensing may represent viable alternatives to, and in many cases could mitigate the need for, the collection of myriad soil samples and subsequent laboratory analyses when characterizing large contaminated sites.
A century of precipitation variability along the pacific coast of North America and its impact

Precipitation data at seven stations along the west coast of North America, dating back to 1851 at some stations, are synthesized by means of empirical orthogonal function analysis. Characteristics of runs of generally wet and generally dry conditions are quantified. A significant change in precipitation regime, lasting 41 yrs, occurred in the middle of this century and could return in the future. Drought occurrences, similar to midwestern United States episodes, appear in the data, but are not statistically verifiable.
Menstruation: choosing whether...and when

For many women in the United States, menstruation is a major health concern because menstrual disorders and other conditions that may be aggravated during menses (e.g., migraine headaches, epilepsy) carry substantial morbidity. Women today menstruate nearly 3 times as often as in primitive societies, and evidence suggests that frequent, repetitive menstrual cycles may increase health risks. Because the conventional 21/7 combination oral contraceptive (OC) regimen provides only limited relief for women with menstrual disorders, alternative OC regimens that reduce menstrual frequency have been proposed. A new OC formulation specifically designed to decrease menstrual bleeding to 4 times per year is currently under investigation. Most women welcome less frequent menses or even amenorrhea. Women who may derive particular benefit from reduced menstrual frequency include not only those with medical conditions directly caused or aggravated by menses, but also those serving in the military, female athletes, mentally-retarded women with menstrual hygiene problems, young teens, and perimenopausal women.
Least weight injective surfaces are fundamental

Abstract To detect if there is an injective surface in a compact irreducible 3-manifold it suffices to triangulate the manifold and check only the fundamental surfaces (Jaco and Oertel, 1984). Here we show that this is true simply because an injective surface of least weight will be fundamental.
Chemical cardioversion of supraventricular tachycardia with calcium gluconate.

Abstract Background: Approximately 0.05% of Emergency Department visits in the United States are related to supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The majority of patients convert with an atrioventricular nodal blocking medication. Case Report: We report a case of SVT that converted after administration of calcium gluconate after failing conversion with adenosine. Conclusion: Conversion to normal sinus rhythm resulted after administration of i.v. calcium in our patient. Additional investigations would be helpful in determining the causal vs. temporal association of conversion of SVT with calcium administration.
Migration, distribution, and diving behavior of adult male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) following dispersal from a major breeding aggregation in the Western North Atlantic

Sixteen satellite-tagged adult male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) dispersed widely from an aggregation near Port Canaveral, Florida, USA (28°23′N, −80°32′W) after breeding. Northbound males migrated further (990 ± 303 km) than southbound males (577 ± 168 km) and transited more rapidly (median initial dive duration = 6 (IQR = 4–16) versus 19 (IQR = 10–31) min, respectively).. Migration occurred along a depth corridor (20–40 m) except where constricted by a narrow continental shelf width. Males foraged in areas 27 ± 41 km2 day−1 at locations <1–80 km from shore for 100.1 ± 60.6 days, with variability in foraging patterns not explained by turtle size or geography. Post-breeding dispersal patterns were similar to patterns reported for adult female loggerhead sea turtles in this region and adult male loggerhead sea turtles elsewhere in the northern hemisphere; however, foraging ground distributions were most similar to adult female loggerhead sea turtles in this region.
Intra-industry trade as an indicator of labor market adjustment

Intra-Industry Trade as an Indicator of Labor Market Adjustment. — A growing body of recent empirical research uses measures of change in intra-industry trade as indicators of labor market adjustment. In this paper, we argue that the theoretical foundations for this work are problematic. To make this argument we develop a simple model with both inter- and intra-industry trade and adjustment. We find that changes in domestic absorption, which influence trade flows but which are distinct from production changes, make changes in IIT an unreliable guide to labor market pressure.
Constraint method analysis of stiffened plates

Abstract The constraint method is applied to the finite element static analysis of concentrically and eccentrically stiffened plates. The displacement fields in the stiffener are expressed in terms of the displacements of the middle surface of the plate. Superposing the strain energy of plate and stiffener, the stiffness matrix of the compound structure is obtained, for arbitrary order of approximating polynomials. Several example problems are analyzed.
Hepatitis C virus and lymphomagenesis: Another piece of evidence

Some epidemiologic studies suggest a link between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and some B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We undertook this study after a patient with splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes had a hematologic response after antiviral treatment of HCV infection. Nine patients who had splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and HCV infection were treated with interferon alfa-2b (3 million IU three times per week) alone or in combination with ribavirin (1000 to 1200 mg per day). The outcomes were compared with those of six similarly treated patients with splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes who tested negative for HCV infection. Of the nine patients with HCV infection who received interferon alfa, seven had a complete remission after the loss of detectable HCV RNA. The other two patients had a partial and a complete remission after the addition of ribavirin and the loss of detectable HCV RNA. One patient had a relapse when the HCV RNA load again became detectable in blood. In contrast, none of the six HCV-negative patients had a response to interferon therapy. In patients with splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes who are infected with HCV, treatment with interferon can lead to regression of the lymphoma.
GOLGI APPARATUS, GERL, AND LYSOSOMES OF NEURONS IN RAT DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA, STUDIED BY THICK SECTION AND THIN SECTION CYTOCHEMISTRY

New insights into the ultrastructure and phosphatase localizations of Golgi apparatus and GERL, and into the probable origin of lysosomes in the neurons of fetal dorsal root ganglia and the small neurons of adult ganglia have come from studying thick (0.5–1.0 µ) as well as thin (up to 500 A) sections by conventional electron microscopy. Tilting the thick specimens, by a goniometer stage, has helped to increase our understanding of the three-dimensional aspects of the Golgi apparatus and GERL. One Golgi element, situated at the inner aspect of the Golgi stack, displays thiamine pyrophosphatase and nucleoside diphosphatase activities. This element exhibits regular geometric arrays (hexagons) of interconnected tubules without evidence of a flattened portion (saccule or cisterna). In contrast, GERL shows acid phosphatase activity and possesses small cisternal portions and anastomosing tubules. Lysosomes appear to bud from GERL. Osmium deposits, following prolonged osmication, are found in the outer Golgi element. Serial 0.5-µ and thin sections of thiamine pyrophosphatase-incubated material demonstrate that, in the neurons studied, the Golgi apparatus is a continuous network coursing through the cytoplasm. Serial thick sections of acid phosphatase-incubated tissue suggest that GERL is also a continuous structure throughout the cytoplasm. Tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, possibly part of GERL, extend into the polygonal compartments of the inner Golgi element. The possible physiological significance of a polygonal arrangement of a phosphatase-rich Golgi element in proximity to smooth ER is considered. A tentative diagram of the Golgi stack and associated endoplasmic reticulum in these neurons has been drawn.
INTERACTIONS OF 17 TO 29 MeV PROTONS WITH BERYLLIUM.

Abstract Differential cross sections for the elastic scattering of 17.0, 21.0, 25.0 and 29.1 MeV protons by 9 Be are presented. Optical-model analyses of these data have yielded potential depth parameters which vary smoothly with energy for a consistent set of geometrical parameters. Inelastic differential cross sections to the 2.43 MeV and 3.03 MeV states of 9 Be are also given. The differential cross sections of the 9 Be(p, d) 8 Be reactions leading to the ground and the 2.90 MeV states of 8 Be are shown and compared to distorted-wave single-nucleon transfer calculations.
INTERFACE EXAFS USING GLANCING ANGLES

The use of glancing angles t o o btain EXAFS signals from thin interfacial regions is described. The technique is applicable t o the case of a light overlayer on a heavy substrate for which total external reflection can be caused to occur at the interface. In t his case the p enetration into the substrate is very small (520-30 A in many cases). Data have been obtained on two systems: A1 on Cu and Ag on Au. The A1 on Cu samples had 1000 A of A1 on Cu and measurements were made on the interface structure as a function of annealing temperature. For anneals above 140°C clear indication of the growth of CuAIZ at the interface is observed. The interface sensitivity was then verified by varying the glancing angle to determine the CuA12 layer thickness. Even for CuA12 layers as thin as 100 A, the EXAFS signal is essentially pure CuAl2 with little contamination from the underlying Cu. For Ag on Au there is no compound formation and these techniques were used to look at interdiffusion as a function of annealing. In particular the Au environment in Ag grain boundaries could be detected. Understanding the structure of solid state interfaces is important for studies of solid state reactions, t hin film adhesion and stability. Traditional probes such as Auger sputter p rofiling and Rutherford backscattering can provide compositional information but no detailed structural information, and for buried interfaces often have only limited depth resolution. For single crystal interfaces electron microscopy can provide beautiful images, but sample preparation can be tedious and many systems involve polycrystalline or amorphous interfaces. In this paper the applications of glancing angle x-rays to the study of buried interfaces are discussed with particular emphasis on interface extended x-ray absorption fine s tructure (ExAFS) measurements.
The Consequences of Teenage Childbearing: Consistent Estimates When Abortion Makes Miscarriage Non-random

Miscarriage, even if biologically random, is not socially random. Willingness to abort reduces miscarriage risk. Because abortions are favorably selected among pregnant teens, those miscarrying are less favorably selected than those giving birth or aborting but more favorably selected than those giving birth. Therefore, using miscarriage as an instrument is biased towards a benign view of teen motherhood while OLS on just those giving birth or miscarrying has the opposite bias. We derive a consistent estimator that reduces to a weighted average of OLS and IV when outcomes are independent of abortion timing. Estimated effects are generally adverse but modest.
Soy protein products and their production

The soybean industry in the U.S. started in the first years of this century and was only 5,000,000 bushels just 50 years ago. This year it is expected to be over 1.5 billion bushels, reflecting a remarkable growth. Beans are processed primarily for soybean oil and for meal to be used in poultry and livestock feeds. Only ca. 3% soy protein is used in human food today. Special processing is required to prepare proteins to meet the various specifications of products for the food industry. Methods used to produce flour and grits, spun fibers, textured proteins, concentrates, and isolates are described.
Effect of co-administration of efavirenz and nelfinavir on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir

Background/Aims Indinavir (IDV) is metabolized mainly by hepatic CYP450, primarily CYP3A4. It has been reported that efavirenz (EFV) induces CYP3A4, while nelfinavir (NFV) inhibits its activity. Therefore, pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions between IDV and EFV / NFV are expected. The goal of this PK analysis was to explore the differences observed in IDV PK among treatment arms (ARM 1: IDV alone; ARM 2: IDV+ EFV; ARM3: IDV+ NFV) in clinical trial ACTG 388. Methods Three hundred fifty-two patients provided a total of 987 IDV concentration measurements. These were drawn at week 2 (12 (8) h PK study for ARM3 (1), approximately 10 (8) samples/study; 18 patients) and at week 40 (12h PK study for arm 3, approximately 10 samples/study; 7 patients). An additional random (“population”) sample was drawn at one or more follow-up visits in 347 patients. A two-compartment PK disposition model with first order absorption and “well stirred” hepatic elimination was fit to the concentration data. Results The oral clearance (CL/F) of IDV was 49.9 L/h. IDV CL/F was significantly increased with co-administration of EFV (45%), while NFV reduced IDV CL/F by 26%. Patient weight was associated with a marginal increase of IDV CL/F (5% higher CL/F/10 Kg; p<0.05). Neither gender, age, race, nor height were correlated with IDV CL/F. Conclusion These data extend our previous population analysis and show that IDV CL/F is higher and lower when combined with EFV and NFV, respectively. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P80–P80; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.199
Individualities in post-serotonin attenuation and Na+/K+ pump activity in vascular smooth muscle.

Abstract Prior treatment with serotonin (10 −8 −10 −7 M for 6 min) attenuated responses of rabbit mesenteric arteries to norepinephrine (NE) by 18–62%, but was without effect on the responses of the rabbit aorta. K + relaxation responses in the mesenteric arteries were enhanced by serotonin, but in the aortic strips no K + relaxation occurred either before or after treatment with serotonin. Maximum relaxation to monensin was similar in the two tissues. Post-serotonin attenuation and K + and monensin relaxation were blocked by ouabain, indicating that they depended on Na + /K + pump stimulation. Intracellular Na + contents (Na i ) were determined in the vessels by the Li substitution method. Na i was greater, and was increased to a greater extent by serotonin and K + -free physiological salt solution in the mesenteric artery compared to the aorta, suggesting that the cell membrane of the mesenteric artery is leakier to Na + than is that of the aorta. We conclude that the absence of post-serotonin attenuation in the aorta results from the failure of serotonin to increase Na i and thereby to stimulate the Na + /K + pump in this tissue. This study demonstrates that important individualities in vascular smooth muscle reactivity even in the same animal may result from differences in membrane permeability to sodium.
Clinical manifestations of chronic thiamine deficiency in the rhesus monkey

In the course of multiple episodes of thiamine deficiency in the rhesus monkey, the triad of anorexia, apathy, and hind limb weakness is the earliest clinical manifestation. In later episodes, nystagmus, abducens paresis, midline ataxia, dysmetria, and congestive heart failure are also seen. With the exception of dysmetria, the neurologic signs promptly respond to thiamine administration. Pair-fed controls showed no clinical signs. Neither peripheral neuropathy nor edema was observed. Thiamine deficiency in the experimental animals was confirmed by blood transketolase assays.
Noise margins in digital integrated circuits

Many integrated circuit logic gates, especially the complete monolithic type, operate at very low signal levels. For this reason, the sensitivity of such circuits to noise is very important. The general definition of noise margin leads to a discussion of dc and ac noise margins for a simple inverting gate, and specific test data of an RCTL gate. A standard definition for input ac noise margin for a simple logic gate is proposed.
Mechanisms of toxin inhibition and transcriptional repression by Escherichia coli DinJ-YafQ.

Bacteria encounter environmental stresses that regulate a gene expression program required for adaptation and survival. Here, we report the 1.8-Å crystal structure of the Escherichia coli toxin-antitoxin complex YafQ-(DinJ)2-YafQ, a key component of the stress response. The antitoxin DinJ dimer adopts a ribbon-helix-helix motif required for transcriptional autorepression, and toxin YafQ contains a microbial RNase fold whose proposed active site is concealed by DinJ binding. Contrary to previous reports, our studies indicate that equivalent levels of transcriptional repression occur by direct interaction of either YafQ-(DinJ)2-YafQ or a DinJ dimer at a single inverted repeat of its recognition sequence that overlaps with the −10 promoter region. Surprisingly, multiple YafQ-(DinJ)2-YafQ complexes binding to the operator region do not appear to amplify the extent of repression. Our results suggest an alternative model for transcriptional autorepression that may be novel to DinJ-YafQ.
Internal bile diversion--a new model for the study of cholesterol metabolism.

Biliary diversion in different ways has been studied as a prevention against induced hypercholesterolemia in experimental animals. A new model for the study of cholesterol metabolism is described in dogs in this paper. The technique consists in ligation and division of the common bile duct and interposition of an isoperistaltic loop of jejunum between the gallbladder and urinary bladder. This technique is free of complications such as diarrhea, infection, and peptic ulceration that are seen in other biliary diversion models, and it is tolerated well by the animals. This requires further study for its effectiveness in the prevention of experimental hy percholesterolemia and subsequent development of arteriosclerosis.
An Antigenic Antimorphogenetic Bone Hydrophobic Glycopeptide (AHG)

Abstract A hydrophobic glycopeptide, isolated from fresh marrow-free cortical bone of the rat, extinguished the bone morphogenetic response of insoluble bone matrix gelatin which otherwise invariably produces new bone from migrating mesenchymal cells after implantation in muscle of the rat. Incubation of the 10 to 100 pg of the glycopeptide per milligram of bone gelatin in phosphate or Tris-HCl buffer, pH = 7.4, for 2khours recombines the hydrophobic polypeptide and gelatin. Incubated with doses of 50 to 100 ug, implants of gelatin in Sprague-Dawley recipients are rapidly resorbed by a lymphocyte-plasma eel 1-macrophage infiltrate without developing any new bone. With 10 to 20 μg, infiltrate appears and bone develops inversely in proportion to the dose. Bone develops at all dose levels only when bone matrix gelatin and glycopeptide were prepared from an inbred strain of Lewis rats and recipients were of the same strain, and thereby suggests that only allogeneic AHG, produces an antigenic antimorphogenetic...
Experimental Evaluation of CO Poisoning of a 5-Cell Stack High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Prototype

In this study, we experimentally studied our newly designed and built 5-cell stack high temperature PEM fuel cell prototype at different operating conditions to investigate the effects of CO poisoning on the cell performance. The effects of temperature variations with different amount of CO poisoning on the current-voltage characteristics of the fuel cell stack are investigated. Experimental data of this type would be very useful to develop design parameters for fuel reformer. The high CO tolerance of high temperature PEM fuel cell stack makes it possible to feed the reformate gas directly from the reformer without further CO removal. Thus, upon considering the fact that a steam reformer is a consumer of heat and water, and the fuel cell stacks are a producer of heat and water, the integration of the fuel cell stack and the reformer is expected to improve the entire system performance. The results obtained from our 5-cell stack test showed variations in current-voltage characteristics at different temperatures with different CO poisoning rates. The results are promising to understand the overall system performance development strategy of high temperature PEM fuel cell in terms of current-voltage characteristics while fed with on-site reformate hydrogen gas with different CO concentrations in the anode feed stream.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Two critical factors are required for efficient transformation of multiple soybean cultivars: Agrobacterium strain and orientation of immature cotyledonary explant

An efficient transformation system was developed for multiple soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] cultivars using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. A significantly high number of hygromycin-resistant somatic embryos (SEs) was obtained when immature zygotic cotyledons were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain KYRT1 and when the abaxial side of explants was oriented upwards (i.e., the adaxial side of explants was in contact with the medium). Most hygromycin-resistant SEs on selective medium were induced along the periphery of the abaxial side of cotyledonary explants. Extended periods of selection (up to 10 weeks post-cocultivation) increased the frequency of somatic embryogenesis, and more than 50% of selected SEs tested positive for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Following maturation and regeneration of selected SEs, ten independent transgenic soybean plants of cv Jack were obtained, and the overall transformation frequency ranged from 1.1 to 1.7%. Six and two transgenic plantlets were obtained from cvs Dwight and Williams, respectively. In addition, transgenic suspension lines were established from cvs Jack, Williams, Dwight, Rend and Ina. Molecular analysis of embryogenic lines and/or transgenic plants, established from different cultivars, confirmed stable integration, expression, and/or inheritance of transgenes in both T0 and T1 plants.
Photoelectron spectra of Ga20, In20 and Tl20

Abstract The HeI photoelectron spectra of Ga2O, In2O, and Tl2O, as well as atomic In, have been obtained. Some spectral features of the recently published photoelectron spectrum of Al2O differ noticeably from the heavier suboxides. The assignment of spectral features is supported by fully relativistic DVM SSC Xα calculations, which have been extended to include Al2O. Best agreement is obtained between calculation and experiment for linear Al2O, but for bent heavier metal suboxides. In general, the spectral features are indicative of ionic bonding, analogous to the behavior of group IIIB monohalides. Along the sequence Al2O:Ga2O:In2O:Tl2O, the highest occupied orbital becomes less and less localized on the metal atoms, with a rather dramatic decrease in metal character occurring at Tl2O. The latter effect is attributable to a change in relative energies of the charge-adjusted metal and oxygen atomic orbitais and relativistic effects., A decrease in the relative ionization cross-section for molecular orbitais which have a large metal ns contribution is correlated with a similar behavior of the relative (ns)−1cross-section for the corresponding atoms.
A hierarchy of gambling disorders in the community.

Aims To help refine the definition and diagnosis of gambling disorders, we investigated the distribution among US gamblers of the 10 DSM-IV criteria for Pathological Gambling. Design We drew data from two stratified random surveys (n = 2417, n= 530) of gambling behavior and consequences among community-based samples of US adults. A fully structured questionnaire, administered by trained lay interviewers, screened for the life-time prevalence of problem and Pathological Gambling. Per DSM-IV definitions, anyone meeting five or more of 10 itemized criteria was considered a pathological gambler. We analyzed these criteria among all gamblers who met one or more criteria (n = 399). Findings Most gamblers who met only one or two criteria reported ‘chasing their losses’. At subclinical levels (three to four criteria), gamblers also reported elevated rates of gambling-related fantasy: lying, gambling to escape and preoccupation. Pathological gamblers with five to seven criteria reported marked elevations of loss of control, withdrawal symptoms and tolerance (internalizing dimensions of dependence); risking their social relationships and needing to be bailed out financially (externalizing dimensions). Most of the highest-level pathological gamblers (eight to 10 criteria) reported committing illegal acts to support gambling. Conclusion Dependence in a biobehavioral sense appears to be a hallmark of Pathological Gambling, but it marks only one threshold in a qualitative hierarchy of disorders beginning with a common subclinical behavior, ‘chasing’. Epidemiological assessments and future DSM revisions might consider explicit recognition of a problem gambling disorder, identifying people presenting some cognitive symptoms of Pathological Gambling but not clear signs of dependence. Pathological gamblers in turn appear to have two distinct levels of severity.
Genome-wide linkage analysis for celiac disease in North American families.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease caused by sensitivity to the dietary protein gluten. It has a prevalence of 1 in 250 in the United States. Multiple-case families are common with a risk to siblings from 10–12%. Previous linkage studies have found no significant evidence for linkage other than to HLA. In this study, we performed a genome-wide search on 62 families with at least two cases of CD to identify non-HLA loci for CD. Two-point and multipoint parametric and nonparametric analyses were performed on the entire set of families and on sets stratified by the HLA genotype. Accounting for multiple testing, we found genome-wide intermediate linkage evidence at 18q (heterogeneity LOD (HLOD) = 3.6) and at 3p (HLOD = 3.2) and suggestive evidence at 5p (HLOD = 2.7). Good consensus between two-point and multipoint evidence was not found, and after genotyping with new markers in these regions, our results were inconclusive. The 18q region had intermediate two-point evidence, but weak multipoint evidence. At 3p and 5p, the addition of follow-up markers added flanking support, yet multipoint evidence was still lacking. Our results indicate that multipoint analyses may be hindered by the complexity of CD. Multipoint analyses are not robust to model misspecification, and further development of models is needed. Additional study of these and other families is necessary to validate or rule out the regions implicated in this study. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Approximation error in regularized SVD-based Fourier continuations

We present an analysis of the convergence of recently developed Fourier continuation techniques that incorporates the required truncation of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Through the analysis, the convergence of SVD-based continuations are related to the convergence of any Fourier approximation of similar form, demonstrating the efficiency and accuracy of the numerical method. The analysis determines that the Fourier continuation approximation error can be bounded by a key value that depends only on the parameters of the Fourier continuation and on the points over which it is applied. For any given distribution of points, a finite number of calculations can be performed to obtain this important value. Our numerical computations on evenly spaced points show that as the number of points increases, this quantity converges to a fixed value, allowing for broad conclusions on the convergence of Fourier continuations calculated with truncated SVDs. We conclude that Fourier continuations can obtain super-algebraic or even exponential convergence on evenly spaced points for non-periodic functions until the convergence is limited by a parameter normally chosen near the machine precision accuracy threshold.
Interaction of HIV-1 Gag Protein's Ma Membrane Binding Domain with Membrane Mimics Probed by Low- and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering

The structural Gag protein from the HIV-1 virus is required for assembling new virus particles within an infected T-cell; Gag's binding to the inner leaflet of the host plasma membrane is the first step in this process. In an effort to understand the molecular and energetic details of this binding, we studied the N-terminal 31 amino acids of Gag's MA membrane binding domain with lipid membrane mimics: PC, PC:PE, PC:PS, PC:PI, PC:PIP, PC:PIP2, PC:PE:PI, PC:PE:PIP, PC:PE:PIP2, PC:PE:PIP2:cholesterol and PC:PE:PS:cholesterol in various molar ratios. Oriented, fully hydrated lipid mimics with/without the myristoylated (MAmyr) and non-myristolyated (MA) peptide were X-rayed at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source. We found that MAmyr lowered KC (softened) pure POPC membranes more than did MA; in general, both peptides lowered KC for all 18 mimics. MAmyr increased slightly Sxray (chain order) of PS-containing membrane mimics, but both peptides decreased Sxray slightly with increasing concentrations of PI, PIP or PIP2 when mixed with POPC. When POPC:POPE was mixed with PI, PIP or PIP2 (5:3:2), PI decreased, PIP had no effect and PIP2 increased chain order with either peptide compared to controls. The head-to-head spacing (DHH) was decreased by both peptides (1-3 A) in most mimics. In pure POPC, or when PI, PIP or PIP2 was mixed with POPC, modeling suggested a penetration of MAmyr into the hydrocarbon region, compared to an interfacial headgroup position for MA. Therefore the effect of MA peptides on membrane structure and properties depends on the composition of the lipid mimics as well as on the myristoyl group.Acknowledgments: NIH R01 GM44976 (STN and JFN).
Long-Term Management of the Kidney Transplant Recipient

Due to the successes of kidney transplantation, patients with allografts are enjoying long-term survival. In addition to care of the allograft with lifelong administration of immunosuppressive medications, common medical conditions must be recognized and managed appropriately. With constraints on the transplant centers and patient considerations of finance and geography, it is recognized that community providers will play an ever increasing role in the care of the kidney transplant recipient. Guidelines for understanding and managing some of the more important common general medical problems, including care as it relates to cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, transplant-related issues, and general health maintenance, are reviewed in this article.
Dietary Effects of the Food Stamp Program

Based on data from the 1979–80 Survey of Food Consumption in Low-Income Households, this paper estimates the effects of changes in cash income and the food stamp benefit on household nutrient availability, while controlling for two potential sources of selection bias. The major finding of the empirical analysis is that the estimated dietary effects of changes in food stamp benefits are considerably larger than those resulting from changes in cash income, with estimates of the ratios of the MPC for the food stamp benefit to the cash-income MPC ranging from three to seven across nutrients. No significant evidence of selection bias was found, and the estimated dietary effects of food stamp benefits from the selection bias models are similar to those from the basic model estimated by ordinary least squares regression.
Prognostic factors and risk of extrauterine metastases in 3867 women with grade 1 endometrioid corpus cancer

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of surgical staging in patients with grade 1 endometrioid uterine cancer. Study Design Data were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program from 1988 to 2001. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to determine predictors for disease-specific survival. Results Twelve thousand seven hundred and twelve women were reported with endometrioid carcinoma, including 3867 with grade 1 disease, of which 25.5% had stage IC or more advanced disease, 15.4% with disease extending beyond the uterine corpus, 7.3% with extrauterine metastases, and 3.3% with lymph node metastases. On multivariate analysis, younger age and earlier stage remained as significant prognostic factors for improved survival. Conclusion Since grade 1 endometrioid uterine cancers have a 15.4% risk of extrauterine spread, a complete surgical staging procedure is recommended when clinically feasible. Younger age and earlier stage are significant prognostic factors for improved survival.
Expression of interferon receptors in pancreatic cancer: Identification a novel prognostic factor

Abstract Introduction: Interferons (IFN) are known to have antiproliferative and immunoregulatory activities that are modulated through IFN receptors. Methods: Expression of IFN-alpha/beta receptor-chain 2 (IFNalpha/betaR) and IFN-gamma receptor (IFNgammaR)-chain 1 was examined in 46 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlation between IFN-receptor expression, tumor characteristics, and overall patient survival was analyzed. Results: The IHC performed for pancreatic adenocarcinoma demonstrated a high IFNalpha/betaR expression in 4.3% (2/46) of patients, moderate expression in 19.6% (9/46) of patients, and faint or no expression in 76.1% (35/46) of patients. IHC confirmed a high expression of IFNgammaR in 52.2% (24/46) of patients, moderate expression in 34.8% (16/46) of patients, and faint or no expression in the remaining 13% (6/46) of patients. By comparison, 28.2% (13/46) and 45.6% (21/46) of the corresponding non-cancerous pancreatic tissue showed a high expression of IFNalpha/betaR and IFNgammaR, respectively. Clinicopathological survey did not demonstrate a significant correlation between IFNalpha/betaR and IFNgammaR expression with regard to tumor size, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, or stage of disease. However, Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant survival advantage in those patients whose tumors expressed moderate-high IFNalpha/betaR expression compared to those with faint or no IFNalpha/betaR expression (22 months vs. 13 months; p=0.012, log rank test). The expression of IFNgammaR, however, had no impact on patient survival (20 months vs. 17 months; p=0.656, log rank test). Conclusions: IFNalpha/betaR is an independent prognostic factor in pancreatic cancer and is a potential candidate for biologic treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Risk factors for acute renal insufficiency induced by diuretics in patients with congestive heart failure.

Background: In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), continuous diuretic therapy may result in acute renal insufficiency (ARI). This study examines factors contributing to this complication. Methods: We analyzed clinical data from 318 consecutive patients who were hospitalized for CHF. All were treated with diuretics and had echocardiography performed within 4 days of hospitalization. Systolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is defined as an ejection fraction less than 50%, and diastolic LV dysfunction, as an ejection fraction of 50% or greater in the presence of LV hypertrophy and a reversed E/A ratio. Results: ARI, defined as a 25% increase in serum creatinine level, occurred in 110 patients (35%) after diuretic therapy. Risk factors for ARI on univariate analyses were older age, higher baseline serum creatinine level, lower baseline serum sodium level, lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) during diuretic therapy, and greater doses and longer duration of diuretic therapy. In multivariate analyses, ARI occurred more frequently in patients with systolic (40%) than diastolic dysfunction (28%). The use of digoxin in patients with systolic LV dysfunction was observed to decrease the risk for ARI by 61%, independent of other agents used for the treatment of patients with CHF. Conclusion: Age, baseline renal function and serum sodium concentration, MAP, and intensity of diuretic therapy can identify individuals at risk for ARI while receiving diuretic therapy for CHF. This complication is observed more often in individuals with systolic dysfunction, and its risk may be decreased with the use of digoxin.
MicroRNA-205 inhibits tumor cell migration through down-regulating the expression of the LDL receptor-related protein 1

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor that plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of several human diseases including tumor metastasis and Alzheimer's disease. However, mechanisms that regulate LRP1 expression under physiological and pathophysiological conditions are not unclear. In human cell lines, we found that miR-205 down-regulates the expression of LRP1 by targeting sequences in the 3'UTR of LRP1 mRNA. This effect was abolished by deleting the miR-205 seed site in the 3'UTR of LRP1. The ectopic expression of miR-205 also significantly mitigated migration of both U87 and SK-LU-1 cells. These results, for the first time, demonstrate that expression of human LRP1 is regulated in part by a specific miRNA, leading to decreased tumor cell migration.
Fatty acid composition of microsomal phospholipids in rats fed different oils and antioxidant vitamins supplement 1

The aim of the study was to examine effects of feeding diets containing different oils and antioxidant vitamins supplementation on the fatty acid composition of hepatic microsomal phospholipids in the rat. Forty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 20 days diets containing 15% corn, olive, fish, or hazelnut oil, without or with the addition of β-carotene (30 mg/kg) and dl-α-tocopherylacetate (500 mg/kg), n = 6 per group. Microsomal phospholipids of rats fed corn oil exhibited higher content of linoleic, arachidonic, and docosatetraenoic acids (P < 0.05). Compared with corn oil (control group), olive oil intake increased palmitic, oleic, and vaccenic acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine + phosphatidylinositol, and vaccenic acid in phosphatidylethanolamine (P < 0.05). Fish oil intake increased the level of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and decreased arachidonic acid in all phospholipids (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the intake of hazelnut oil increased palmitoleic and oleic acids in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and palmitoleic and vaccenic acids in phosphatidylserine + phosphatidylinositol (P < 0.05). Vitamin supplementation increased microsomal retinol in rats fed corn oil, and α-tocopherol in all groups fed vegetable oils (P < 0.05). The intake of vitamins supplement induced slight modifications of the fatty acid profile of microsomal phospholipids: a higher level of monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid, with a reduction of polyunsaturated fatty acids was observed. These results manifest that the composition of microsomes is affected by the fatty acid profile of dietary oils and the intake of antioxidant vitamins supplements.
Secondary Metabolites as Mediators of Trophic Interactions Among Antarctic Marine Organisms

Secondary metabolites are widespread among lower phyla and understanding their functional role(s) in the producing organism has been under study in recent decades. Considerable progress has been made in understanding chemical ecological interactions among terrestrial organisms, and similar research in the marine realm has been initiated in recent years. Polar regions are more difficult to access and thus progress has been slower. Nevertheless, the extreme and often unique marine environments surrounding Antarctica as well as the many unusual trophic interactions in antarctic marine communities might well be expected to select for novel secondary metabolites and/or novel functional roles for secondary metabolites. Indeed, recent studies have documented novel, chemically-mediated interactions between molluscs and amphipods, between algae, urchins and anemones, and between sponges and their predators. The Porifera are the dominant phylum on the McMurdo Sound benthos, and representatives of this phylum have been shown to elaborate sea star feeding deterrents, inhibitors of fouling or infectious organisms, and metabolites which mediate predation via molt inhibition. As a result of studies on Antarctic sponges, new insights into functional roles of pigments and the ability of sponges to sequester metabolites have been gained, and a new mechanism of chemical defense has been described. Herein we describe recent results of our studies of trophic interactions between sponges and their predators that are mediated by specific sponge secondary metabolites. Moreover, we highlight unusual chemically-mediated interactions in antarctic marine invertebrates other than sponges.
A comprehensive energy model and energy-quality evaluation of wireless transceiver front-ends

As CMOS technology scales down, digital supply voltage and digital power consumption goes down. However due to dynamic range limitations, power supply and power consumption of the RF front-ends and analog sections do not scale in the same fashion. In fact, in scaled systems, the RF section of a wireless transceiver consumes more energy than the digital part. For better understanding of the design trade offs, we first develop an accurate and comprehensive energy model for the analog front-end of wireless transceivers. Next, we evaluate a single user point-to-point wireless data communication system and a multi-user CDMA based system with respect to RF front end energy consumption and communication quality. We demonstrate the effect of occupied signal bandwidth, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), symbol rate, constellation size, and pulse-shaping roll-off factor on single user system, and the effect of number of users and multiple access interference (MAI) on CDMA based multi-user system. For a given quality specification, we show how the energy consumption can be reduced by adjusting one or more of these parameters.