cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NiZnAl-based p-type ohmic contacts on AlGaAs/InGaAs heterostructures

p-type ohmic contacts based on Ni/Zn/Al/TiWN metallization were evaluated for application to self-aligned p-channel heterostructure FETs. Low-resistance, stable ohmic contacts were achieved on Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/InGaAs heterostructures with aluminum composition (x) as high as 0.75. Following short-term annealing of 30 s in the temperature range of 500 degrees C to 600 degrees C, contact resistances less than 0.6 Omega -mm and specific resistivities under 5*10/sup -6/ Omega -cm/sup 2/ were achieved. Further anneal at 500 degrees C for 10 min resulted in a minimum contact resistance of 0.06 Omega -mm and a specific resistivity of 3.2*10/sup -8/ Omega -cm/sup 2/. Contact morphology was mirror-smooth and specular and the contacts were found to be stable at 500 degrees C for anneal times as long as 40 min, with contact resistance remaining below 1 Omega -mm. >
Phosphorylase b Kinase Inheritance in Mice

The gene for phosphoryl ase b kinase, a skeletal muscle enzyme, has been located on the X chromo some of mice. The inheritance of the enzyme through two generations from original matings between one inbred strain of mice, the I, which lacks the enzyme, and another strain, the C57, follows the classical Mendelian pattern.
A New Methodology of Measuring Firm Life-Cycle Stages

Corporate life-cycle concept is widely used in a variety of disciplines, including management, economics and accounting, and also in the real-world investment. However, current commonly used methodologies of measuring life-cycle stages are either only suitable for small sample studies or only applicable in cross-sectional analysis of corporations over life-cycle stages. None of them can be employed in large-sample, time-series analysis. This paper develops a new methodology which makes the study of large-sample time-series properties within each stage a possibility, by comparing a corporation's status at each point of its development with its own historical overall status. We use real-world financial accounting data to illustrate and validate our methodology.
THERMAL EXPANSION OF SILICATE FLUXES IN THE CRYSTALLINE AND GLASSY STATES

A general investigation was made of the thermal expansion of various silicate fluxes The fluxes considered in the crystalline (anisotropic) and glassy (isotropic) states. were ten feldspars, two nepheline syenites, anorthosite, aplite, and lepidolite.
Isolated lateral rectus muscle palsy associated with leukopenia in two adults.

Benign lateral rectus palsy developed in two adults, a 62-year-old man and a 56-year-old woman. Both were hospitalized because of headache and diplopia. Extensive laboratory and neurologic testing showed no abnormalities except leukopenia (the white blood cell count was 2,600 cells/mm 3 in one patient and 3,100 cells/mm 3 in the other). Both recovered without treatment. The benign course and spontaneous improvement in both patients suggested that extensive neurodiagnostic procedures can be deferred for several weeks in such patients.
Which American way? System justification and ideological polarization concerning the “Ground Zero Mosque”

The proposal to build an Islamic mosque and community center near the site of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 on the World Trade Center produced widespread opposition. Although resistance among U.S. citizens was common, there was an ideological divergence, with liberals generally supporting the mosque and conservatives generally opposing it. We tested a theoretical model in which system justification mediated the effect of political ideology on level of support for the development of the “Ground Zero Mosque.” Specifically, we conducted a survey of Americans near the site of the proposed mosque, and observed that, as hypothesized, greater conservatism was associated with stronger system justification, which was in turn associated with a lack of behavioral support for the mosque. These findings suggest that ideological differences in opposition to the “Ground Zero Mosque” are linked to system-justifying tendencies to preserve the American “way of life.”
Career Decision Making and Intention: a Study of Hospitality Undergraduate Students:

This study determined factors influencing undergraduate hospitality students’ career intentions in the hospitality industry. A total of 360 hospitality students completed a survey that assessed career decision making, expected outcomes, and items focused on academic-related decisions and demographic background. Logistic regression analysis revealed that career intentions in hospitality were significantly associated with students’ gender, work experience, transfer status, and outcome expectations in the industry. Rewards most frequently reported by students focused on intrinsic outcomes of the industry (opportunities for career accomplishment and self-fulfillment). Implications are discussed for education and industry along with suggestions for future research.
Accreditation Standards for colon and rectal surgery residency: Overview of accreditation from the chair of the Residency Review Committee

Abstract The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) oversees the function and accreditation of residency training programs in the United States and, increasingly, in the other parts of the world. This article briefly reviews the evolution of residency training and accreditation, and the structure and function of the ACGME. The ACGME is currently instituting a major redesign of the accreditation process, the Next Accreditation System (NAS), with the goals of increasing focus on measurable outcomes, improving the learning environment, decreasing administrative burdens, and encouraging educational innovation. The NAS and its components will be discussed.
The dynamics of student learning within a high school virtual reality design class

This mixed method study investigated knowledge and skill development of high school students in a project-based virtual reality design class, in which 3-D projects were developed within a student-centered, student-directed environment. This investigation focused on the social dynamics of the class and the role of peer mentoring was examined to determine how student behavior and learning were influenced. Additionally, investigation focused on the depth of student content learning, cognitive development, including problem solving. The participants of this study included freshmen through seniors, parents, teachers and administrators. Student interviews and observations were used to collect data as well as surveys concerning student development and growth from the teachers and parents. The results of this study suggested that a virtual reality learning environment promotes the development of meaningful cognitive experiences, creativity, leadership, global socialization, problem solving, and a deeper understanding of academic content.
Oestrogen and nerve growth factor – neuroprotection and repair in Alzheimer’s disease

The neurogenetics and neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are still largely unknown, even though recent work has clarified some genetic components in this common and devastating neurodegenerative disease. Most of the genetic mutations have been shown to be, at least in the early onset type of AD, related to the function of a large transmembrane protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP). This protein is cleaved into various smaller fragments that are either soluble or aggregating. It is thought that this processing of APP is inherently important for the initiation and progression of AD. Recent animal models have suggested that it is not the formation of beta-amyloid plaques per se, but the altered processing of APP and the subsequent loss of soluble APP, that sets the stage for the massive neuronal cell loss which occurs in AD. We would like to propose a three-way relationship between oestrogen, APP and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the neural pathways of the brain which are involved in learning and memory - the limbic system. The degeneration of the cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe is thought to be one of the factors determining the progression of memory decay, both during normal ageing and AD. Oestrogen and NGF are among the neuroprotective agents that have shown some potential for the treatment of AD. Previous results of treatment with these two agents and their relationship to the amyloid proteins, will be discussed in this review.
Peptide YY(3–36) inhibits gastric emptying and produces acute reductions in food intake in rhesus monkeys

Peptide YY3–36 [PYY(3–36)], a gastrointestinal peptide that is released into the circulation in response to ingesting a meal, has recently been suggested to play a role in controlling food intake. ...
The Financial Burden of Prescription Drug Use Among Elderly Persons

Expenditures for prescription drugs are not covered by Medicare and are thus a potential source of large out-of-pocket expenditures for elderly persons. This study, using a new data source, the 1990 Elderly Health Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), demonstrates that, among elderly persons, insurance coverage for drugs reduces the fraction of household income spent on prescription drugs by 50 percent. Groups most likely to benefit from insurance coverage are elderly women and those with common chronic conditions, low incomes, and rural residences.
“Wii Using Only ‘We’”: Using background subtraction and human pose recognition to eliminate game controllers

We propose a novel human-computer interface for video gaming systems. Unlike current systems that use active sensors (e.g. Kinect), in the proposed approach, the human-poses are captured by a single camera and used to control the course of the game. This eliminates the need for traditional hand-held controllers and allows for the player to be immersed into the virtual environment of the game. The success of the approach is achieve through a robust extraction of human silhouettes and by a simple but effective human-pose recognizer. The system employs an adaptive framework for background subtraction using Adaptive Local Principal Component Analysis (ALPCA), which is able to handle sudden as well as gradual changes in background. Next, the extracted human silhouettes are used to train a appearance-based algorithm that can recognize the human poses. The excellent results reported here justify the elimination of active sensors and game controllers for many traditional games.
Carbon Nanohorns as Photochemical and Photothermal Agents

Laser therapies based on photochemical or photothermal mechanisms can provide a minimally invasive and potentially more effective treatment alternative to conventional surgical resection procedures by delivering prescribed optical/thermal doses to a targeted tissue volume with minimal damage to intervening and surrounding tissues. However laser therapy effectiveness is limited due to nonspecific excitation/heating of target tissue which often results in healthy tissue injury. Nanostructures targeted to tumor cells and utilized in combination with laser excitation can enhance treatment effectiveness by increasing thermal deposition and generating toxic photo-chemical mediators in the form of reactive oxygen species for targeted cell destruction.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Research on Periodic Motion Stability of Rotor-Bearing System with Dual-Unbalances

Multiple freedom degrees model of rotor-bearing system taking many factors into account is established, the Newmark-β and shooting method are combined during the stability analysis of periodic motion in such system. The paper focused on the influence law of two eccentric phase difference on the instability speed of rotor-bearing system. The results have shown that the instability speed rises constantly with the eccentric phase difference angle increasing in small eccentricity system. When the two unbalance be in opposite direction, the system reached its maximum instability speed. However, the unstable bifurcation generates mutation phenomenon for large eccentricity system with the eccentric phase difference angle increasing. In summary, the larger initial phase angle can inhibit system instability partly. The conclusions have provided a theoretical reference for vibration control and stability design of the more complex rotor-bearing system.
A novel electric power laboratory for power quality and energy studies: training aspects

The laboratory described can examine issues in power quality (PQ) with regard to both stand-alone devices and their behavior in the power system. A project justification which identifies PQ problem areas is presented. Historical backgrounds of both PQ and laboratories in general are provided, to give a brief educational tutorial in the area, and to set the stage for bringing into creation a lab which addresses correctly the needs of industry and students. Development aspects of the lab are presented. This is followed by a description of the testing capabilities of the laboratory that are needed to address the PQ problem areas, along with the laboratory's presentation of results and training/educational capabilities. Aspects of how the laboratory is used cooperating with other facilities are examined so that broader PQ problems can be studied. >
Volar Wedge Grafting for Scaphoid Nonunion With Collapse

Fractures of the scaphoid waist that fail to heal tend to collapse into a flexed posture. The so-called "humpback deformity" of the bone is accompanied by collapse of the proximal carpal row with dorsal tilt of the lunate. It is possible to restore scaphoid height and carpal alignment by insertion of a tricortical wedge of graft from the iliac crest. In this article, we demonstrate the surgical technique of volar wedge grafting for scaphoid nonunion.
Feedback shift registers, 2-adic span, and combiners with memory

Feedback shift registers with carry operation (FCSRs) are described, implemented, and analyzed with respect to memory requirements, initial loading, period, and distributional properties of their output sequences. Many parallels with the theory of linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs) are presented, including a synthesis algorithm (analogous to the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm for LFSRs) which, for any pseudorandom sequence, constructs the smallest FCSR which will generate the sequence. These techniques are used to attack the summation cipher. This analysis gives a unified approach to the study of pseudorandom sequences, arithmetic codes, combiners with memory, and the Marsaglia-Zaman random number generator. Possible variations on the FCSR architecture are indicated at the end.
Effects of fed-batch fermentation and pH profiles on nisin production in suspended-cell and biofilm reactors

A biofilm reactor not only shortens the lag phase of nisin production, but also enhances nisin production when combined with an appropriate pH profile. Due to the substrate inhibition that takes place at high levels of carbon source, fed-batch fermentation was proposed as a better alternative for nisin production. In this study, the combined effects of fed-batch fermentation and various pH profiles on nisin production in a biofilm reactor were evaluated. The tested pH profiles include 1) a constant pH profile at 6.8 (profile 1), 2) a constant pH profile with an autoacidification after 4 h (profile 2), and 3) a step-wise pH profile with pH adjustment every 2 h (profile 3). When profile 1 was applied, fed-batch fermentation enhanced nisin production for both suspended-cell (4,188 IU ml−1) and biofilm (4,314 IU ml−1) reactors, yielded 1.8- and 2.3-fold higher nisin titer than their respective batch fermentation. On the other hand, pH profiles that include periods of autoacidification (profiles 2 and 3) resulted in a significantly lower nisin production in fed-batch fermentation (2,494 and 1,861 IU ml−1 for biofilm reactor using profile 2 and 3, respectively) due to toxicity of excess lactic acid produced during the fermentation. Overall, this study suggested that fed-batch fermentation can be successfully used to enhance nisin production for both suspended-cell and biofilm reactors.
Online Interactions Between Group Members Who Differ in Status

Intragroup interactions between high and low status members on Internet message boards were examined. Messages from low status members to high status members and vice versa were rated for degree of conformity, ingratiation, agreeing, requesting, and instructing. Text was also analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program. Low status member messages were rated as more conforming, ingratiating, and agreeing than high status member messages. Low status members also used more first person singular voice, affective words, and exclamation marks. High status member messages were rated as more instructive than low status member messages. High status member messages contained more complex words, second person references, and welcoming language than did low status member messages. Language use in online contexts clearly differs depending on group member status.
Pseudorapidity correlations in heavy ion collisions from viscous fluid dynamics

Abstract We demonstrate by explicit calculations in 3+1 dimensional viscous relativistic fluid dynamics how two-particle pseudorapidity correlation functions in heavy ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC depend on the number of particle producing sources and the transport properties of the produced medium. In particular, we present results for the Legendre coefficients of the two-particle pseudorapidity correlation function, a n , m , in Pb+Pb collisions at 2760 GeV and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV from viscous hydrodynamics with three dimensionally fluctuating initial conditions. Our results suggest that the a n , m provide important constraints on initial state fluctuations in heavy ion collisions.
Current Controversies in Robotic Prolapse Repair

The purpose of this article is to update the debate on the impact of robotic surgery for pelvic organ prolapse with recent literature. Review of this subject will continue the analysis of the expansion of robotic surgery and its impact on the value and quality of pelvic organ prolapse surgery. Up until recently, this area of study was dominated by retrospective data with conflicting evidence. The quality of literature on the subject has improved in the past 5 years. Randomized control trials have started reporting results that are more consistent between studies. Additionally, high-quality patient data from a Nationwide Inpatient Sample database has been available since introduction of the robotic modifier code for robotic surgery in 2008. Meta-analyses examining the differences amongst studies will also be discussed. This article will review the literature and examine the debate on the impact of robotic surgery on cost, patient safety, outcomes, and training.
Projective Imager Design with Task Specific Information

We use task-specific information as a metric to optimize the performance of a projective imager for a target detection task. The optimized imager doubles the performance at low signal-to-noise ratios.
Discovery of a new CTX-M Type Extened-spectrum-lactamases,CTX-M-82

Objective To investigate the detection rate and the subtype of CTX-M-extened-spectrum-lactamase in Escherichia coli collected from three affiliated hospitals of Central South University.Methods Fifty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clinical strains were collected from October 2004 to July 2005.The genotype of CTX-M enzyme was detected by multiplex PCR and the products were sequenced,then the subtype of the gene was determined by blast searching.Results Among 52 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates,48 were confirmed to produce CTX-M genes by multiplex PCR.The rate of ESBL-producing strains carrying CTX-M-type-lactamases in Escherichia coli was 92.3%.The subtypes of CTX-M enzymes were CTX-M-3,CTX-M-14,CTX-M-15,and CTX-M-82.Conclusions CTX-M-producing Enterobacteriaceae is common in Hunan Province.CTX-M-82 is a new CTX-M type extened-spectrum-lactamases after confirmed by medical experts of American Lahey Clinic Medical Center and the GenBank accession number is DQ256091.
Analysis on antibody level of occupational population exposed to highly pathogenic avain influenza H5N1 in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2012

Objective To investigate the antibody level of occupational population exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza virus(AIV)H5N1in Jiangsu Province from 2011to 2012.Methods Serum specimens of occupational population were collected.Hubei/Guangdong virus strains were used for detection of antibody level to H5N1by serum hemagglutination inhibition(HI)test.The results were converted into geometric mean titer(GMT).Relevant information about the situation and modes of the exposure was gathered by questionnaires.Results Totally 679samples were tested for Hubei strain,while 314 for Guangdong strain.The GMT(95%confidence interval)of Hubei/Guangdong strain was 7.62(7.24-8.02)and 11.00(9.92-12.19)respectively.The difference was statistically significant.However,no significant difference was detected among various groups of age,genders,different years,enrolled in poultry slaughtery(yes or no),vaccinated for avian influenza(yes or no)and had access to sick or dead poultry(yes or no).Significant difference of GMT was detected among groups of different sentinels with people in touch with different poultry in the last month.Conclusion It is possible that AIV transmits through the respiratory track.Poor ventilation possibly promotes AIV transmission.Ducks and geese may play a more crucial role as transmitting media than chickens or wild birds in Jiangsu Province.The specific antigen of Guangdong strain is more similar to currently epidemic strains of avian flu in Jiangsu Province than that of Hubei strain.
The Solubilization of Humic Kalium to Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate(SDBS)

The puduce and apply of humic kalium was described.The mechanisms and effect factors were reviewed.Application of humic kalium or mixed-surfactant in water solubility enhancement was also described.In the present work,the dissolution behavior of benzene as an example of petroleum material was investigated.Solubility enhancement of benzene in micellar solutions of single humic kalium,SDBS and mixed-surfactant were studied.To evaluate the ability of water solu-bitity of benzene,the UV-VIS absorbance spectra were measured.Effects of the concentration of humic kalium,ionic strength,pH and temperature on water solubilities of benzene in the presence of humic kalium and mixed surfactants were investigated.The water solubity of benzene linearly increared with the concentration of humic kalium and achieved a constant value.The water solubility of benzene was increased by increased temperature but not with pH.
Expert System of Mini-car DFM

The expert system of mini-car DFM(design for manufacture)is an experimental system,which based on the combination of SAIC-GM-Wuling years of experience in developing and manufacturing of mini-cars and the technical essence of GM,with the system core is auto-body technique.Through some cases of mini-car manufacture,the directorial function of the expert system during processes of designing and manufacturing mini-cars has been presented in the text.
Toward Interactive Scenario Analysis and Exploration

As Modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools have matured, their applicability and importance have increased across many national security challenges. In particular, they provide a way to test how something may behave without the need to do real world testing. However, current and future changes across several factors including capabilities, policy, and funding are driving a need for rapid response or evaluation in ways that many M&S tools cannot address. Issues around large data, computational requirements, delivery mechanisms, and analyst involvement already exist and pose significant challenges. Furthermore, rising expectations, rising input complexity, and increasing depth of analysis will only increase the difficulty of these challenges. In this study we examine whether innovations in M&S software coupled with advances in ''cloud'' computing and ''big-data'' methodologies can overcome many of these challenges. In particular, we propose a simple, horizontally-scalable distributed computing environment that could provide the foundation (i.e. ''cloud'') for next-generation M&S-based applications based on the notion of ''parallel multi-simulation''. In our context, the goal of parallel multi- simulation is to consider as many simultaneous paths of execution as possible. Therefore, with sufficient resources, the complexity is dominated by the cost of single scenario runs as opposed to the number of runsmore » required. We show the feasibility of this architecture through a stable prototype implementation coupled with the Umbra Simulation Framework [6]. Finally, we highlight the utility through multiple novel analysis tools and by showing the performance improvement compared to existing tools.« less
College STAR for Librarians

College STAR is an innovative program of the University of North Carolina system intended to improve success rates for college students with learning disabilities. Librarians can learn from the example of College STAR and from its underlying theory, Universal Design for Learning.
Measuring Emotional Intelligence: Responses to Schlegel and to Legree, Mullins and Psotka:

Our “Principles and Updates” article in this issue discussed the nature of emotional intelligence and its place in the overall intelligence pantheon. We welcome the comments by Schlegel and by Legr...
All the Feels: Introducing Biometric Data to Online Gameplay Streams

All the Feels is a tool developed to incorporate biometric data into online gameplay streams. The tool displays heart rate and GSR (galvanic skin response) information to stream spectators, taken from the player in real-time, through the use of a commercially available wearable device. The tool also provides emotion labeling information input from existing auto-detection software that uses the player's webcam. In this paper, we motivate and discuss the initial prototype of the tool, and present results of a preliminary study with stream watchers and streamers to assess the potential of this novel addition to streaming gameplay.
Looking for zebras and finding horses: A qualitative narrative study of pre-RN licensure nursing Students' experience of a "normal" postnatal simulation.

Abstract Background Simulation-based learning may be particularly useful in specialty nursing clinical rotations, such as maternal-newborn care, where pre-RN licensure nursing students typically have fewer clinical hours or ‘hands-on’ opportunities. Although simulated obstetric emergencies are frequently reported in the literature, childbirth and the postnatal period involve normal physiologic processes, and therefore a focus on “normal” challenges in immersive perinatal simulations may provide students with vital uniform clinical learning experiences. Objective To explore the value and meaning of an uncomplicated immersive postnatal simulation-based experience for pre-RN licensure nursing students. Design Qualitative design using narrative analysis. Setting Pre-RN licensure nursing program at a university in the northeastern United States. Methods Narrative analysis was used to assess 229 written reflections from students following an uncomplicated, immersive postnatal simulation experience. Results Themes identified through the analysis demonstrated that students experienced high anxiety in anticipation of the scenario, expecting a crisis to occur; students described looking for zebras as they searched for pathology but found “normality”. Students derived confidence from performing assessments and making clinical decisions, moving from anxiety to relief as they concluded that the mother and infant were experiencing normal, rather than emergent, challenges of the postnatal period. Conclusion Most students found value in the experience, recognizing the importance of learning maternal-newborn nursing from a physiologic rather than pathologic perspective.
A two level solver for h-p adaptive finite element equations.

Higher order finite elements present certain challenges for multilevel methods. Such matrices have more nonzero elements and special block structure. In the case of $$h{-}p$$ adaptive methods, the block structure is more complicated. In this work we present a simple two level solver for such systems, that exploits these special properties. The convergence rate is (empirically) multigrid-like, at least up to piecewise polynomials of degree nine. Numerical illustrations demonstrate its robustness on a wide variety of problems, including convection–diffusion and Helmholtz equations.
Tropical Parasitic Infections in Individuals Infected With HIV

Neglected tropical diseases share both geographic and socio-behavioral epidemiological risk factors with HIV infection. In this literature review, we describe interactions between parasitic diseases and HIV infection, with a focus on the impact of parasitic infections on HIV infection risk and disease progression, and the impact of HIV infection on clinical characteristics of tropical parasitic infections. We limit our review to tropical parasitic infections of the greatest public health burden, and exclude discussion of classic HIV-associated opportunistic infections that have been well reviewed elsewhere. Tropical parasitic infections, HIV infection, and treatment with antiretroviral therapy alter host immunity, which can impact susceptibility, transmissibility, diagnosis, and severity of both HIV and parasitic infections. These relationships have a broad range of consequences, from putatively increasing susceptibility to HIV acquisition, as in the case of schistosomiasis, to decreasing risk of protozoal infections through pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretroviral therapy and antiparasitic agents, as in the case of malaria. However, despite this intimate interplay in pathophysiology and a broad overlap in epidemiology, there is a general paucity of data on the interactions between HIV and tropical parasitic infections, particularly in the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy availability. Additional data are needed to motivate clinical recommendations for detection and management of parasitic infections in HIV-infected individuals, and to consider the implications of and potential opportunity granted by HIV treatment programs on parasitic disease control.
Mercury oxidation over Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts under flue gas conditions

Abstract Increasing concerns over mercury (Hg) emissions from coal-fired power plants have led to the implementation of various novel technologies. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts have shown promise as bifunctional catalysts for limiting both nitrogen oxide and Hg emissions. Cu-SSZ-13 has shown promise as a SCR catalyst for diesel exhaust, but has not yet been investigated for coal-fired plant application where Hg oxidation would be of great importance. To develop the next generation of SCR catalysts, Cu-SSZ-13, a small pore zeolite, was investigated for its ability to oxidize Hg under a variety of flue gas conditions. The Cu-SSZ-13 catalyst was compared to SSZ-13 to understand the effect of copper (Cu) in the Hg oxidation mechanism. The Hg oxidation performances of both zeolites were compared to that of a commercial SCR catalyst as a benchmark. All catalysts required hydrogen chloride (HCl) to exhibit any Hg oxidation with the zeolites outperforming the commercial catalyst. However, the activity of all catalysts significantly decreased in the presence of either sulfur oxides (SOx) or SCR reactants (nitrogen oxide (NO) + ammonia (NH3)) in the flue gas, with SOx having a greater effect on Cu-SSZ-13 and SCR reactants having a greater one on the commercial catalyst. Additionally, it was determined that while Cu was the active site for the SCR reaction, it did not enhance Hg oxidation. In fact, in the presence of SO2, Cu actually contributed to the deactivation of the catalyst for Hg oxidation.
Development of the Mammalian Auditory Hindbrain

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the organization and development of auditory brainstem in mammals. It emphasizes the specificity in laterality of connections in the pathways along with the precision in topographic representation of the basilar membrane seen at multiple levels of the system. It also considers the system's normal development and summarizes the response of the auditory brainstem to peripheral manipulation during maturation. The fundamental organization of the auditory system and its topography are established early in development, well before the onset of stimulus-driven activity. The end-organ experiences early growth and development to accommodate the ossification of the petrous portion of the temporal bone. The auditory nerve quickly grows into the brainstem and establishes its adult-like morphology and adult-like spatial order. The ascending pathways from the cochlear nucleus to the midbrain develop their mature laterality seemingly without forming transient projections to contralateral structures. Within the nuclei of the auditory brainstem, the dendroarchitecture of the Golgi Type I (projection) neurons is evident prior to the onset of stimulus-driven activity.
Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase and Hair-Cell Function

Plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) plays a pivotal role in auditory and vestibular function; disruption of the PMCA2 gene leads to deafness and profound vestibular dysfunction in mice. Localization of PMCA in the ear and physiological and biochemical measurements of the pump’s properties indicate that one of its critical roles is to maintain a large transcellular Ca2+ gradient across membranes of hair-cell stereocilia. In doing so, not only may PMCA present the hair cell with one of its larger energy demands, but the cell must cope with influx of substantial amounts of H+, which enters when the pump extrudes Ca2+. These costs are nevertheless outweighed by benefits gained by PMCA activity, including the ability to maintain a large transmembrane Ca2+ gradient in stereocilia. PMCA may further serve to control the concentration of Ca2+ in the endolymph, both locally near hair cells and globally throughout the compartment.
Disposable and reusable medical textiles

Abstract: As infectious diseases circle the globe, medical costs skyrocket and the waste stream continues to grow, it is imperative to look for medical textiles with improved protective performance, low costs, and minimized environmental impacts. Medical textiles include surgical gowns, gloves, drapes, facemasks, dresses, and linens, which could be disposable or reusable based on uses. The selection of reusable and disposable textiles is determined by many factors, such as cost, protective and comfort properties of the textiles, government regulations, and possibly social and psychological perceptions of both types of textile. This chapter intends to provide a broad view on both disposable and reusable textiles, as well as suggestions on improved protection against transmission of infectious diseases by textile materials.
Effect of the loss of NF1 in breast cancer on pathway activation.

e24284Background: The neurofibromatosis gene (NF1) is a negative regulator of the Ras protein and is lost in ~20% of breast cancers, leading to constitutive activation of Ras. Few studies have expl...
Cox15 interacts with the cytochrome bc1 dimer within respiratory supercomplexes as well as in the absence of cytochrome c oxidase.

The heme a molecule is an obligatory cofactor in the terminal enzyme complex of the electron transport chain, cytochrome c oxidase. Heme a is synthesized from heme o by a multi-spanning inner membrane protein, heme a synthase (Cox15 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The insertion of heme a is critical for cytochrome c oxidase function and assembly, but this process has not been fully elucidated. To improve our understanding of heme a insertion into cytochrome c oxidase, here we investigated the protein–protein interactions that involve Cox15 in S. cerevisiae. In addition to observing Cox15 in homooligomeric complexes, we found that a portion of Cox15 also associates with the mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes. When supercomplex formation was abolished, as in the case of stalled cytochrome bc1 or cytochrome c oxidase assembly, Cox15 maintained an interaction with select proteins from both respiratory complexes. In the case of stalled cytochrome bc1 assembly, Cox15 interacted with the late-assembling cytochrome c oxidase subunit, Cox13. When cytochrome c oxidase assembly was stalled, Cox15 unexpectedly maintained its interaction with the cytochrome bc1 protein, Cor1. Our results indicate that Cox15 and Cor1 continue to interact in the cytochrome bc1 dimer even in the absence of supercomplexes or when the supercomplexes are destabilized. These findings reveal that Cox15 not only associates with respiratory supercomplexes, but also interacts with the cytochrome bc1 dimer even in the absence of cytochrome c oxidase.
Caputo and Canavati Fractional Quantitative Approximation by Choquet Integrals

Here we consider the quantitative Caputo and Canavati fractional approximation of positive sublinear operators to the unit operator. These are given a precise Choquet integral interpretation. Initially we start with the study of the fractional rate of the convergence of the well-known Bernstein–Kantorovich–Choquet and Bernstein–Durrweyer–Choquet polynomial Choquet-integral operators. Then we study the very general comonotonic positive sublinear operators based on the representation theorem of Schmeidler [18]. We finish with the approximation by the very general direct Choquet-integral form positive sublinear operators.
Quantification of multiple mixed contrast and tissue compositions using photon-counting spectral computed tomography.

Quantitative material decomposition of multiple mixed, or spatially coincident, contrast agent (gadolinium and iodine) and tissue (calcium and water) compositions is demonstrated using photon-counting spectral computed tomography (CT). Material decomposition is performed using constrained maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in the image domain. MLE is calibrated by multiple linear regression of all pure material compositions, which exhibits a strong correlation ( R 2 > 0.91 ) between the measured x-ray attenuation in each photon energy bin and known concentrations in the calibration phantom. Material decomposition of mixed compositions in the sample phantom provides color material concentration maps that clearly identify and differentiate each material. The measured area under the receiver operating characteristic curve is > 0.95 , indicating highly accurate material identification. Material decomposition also provides accurate quantitative estimates of material concentrations in mixed compositions with a root-mean-squared error 12 % of the maximum concentration for each material. Thus, photon-counting spectral CT enables quantitative molecular imaging of multiple spatially coincident contrast agent (gadolinium and iodine) and tissue (calcium and water) compositions, which is not possible with current clinical molecular imaging modalities, such as nuclear imaging and magnetic resonance imaging.
An innovative guide to outpatient medicine: Our new monthly series aims to help physicians manage outpatient conditions.

Beginning with this issue (p 257), wjm will be printing advance excerpts from The Bellevue Guide to Outpatient Medicine—An Evidence-Based Guide to Primary Care, which will be published in book form later this year by BMJ Publishing Group. The guide is a collaborative project involving primary care and specialist attending physicians in the department of medicine at New York University School of Medicine. We hope that it will help teachers, students, and practitioners of primary care in their daily work. In the spirit of evidence-based practice, it presents data about the incidence and prevalence of disease, the accuracy of diagnostic tests, and measures of treatment efficacy in 40 chapters addressing common clinical problems. Advice about patient management is interwoven with annotated references in a novel 2-column format that provides the actual data on which recommendations are based. Readers of the guide are encouraged to use these data to tailor clinical decisions to meet the needs of their individual patients. The publishing of excerpts from the guide promotes 3 of wjm's objectives. The first is to provide information that is relevant and useful to practicing primary care physicians. The chapters deal with common clinical problems ranging from congestive heart failure to domestic violence and from hyperlipidemia to smoking cessation. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and psychosocial interventions are addressed. The second objective is to link management recommendations to evidence derived from clinical trials in a way that is informative and understandable. Where possible, the guide presents referenced supporting data in proximity to the issues that are being discussed. Strengths and limitations of studies are made explicit. The third objective is to present information in an unbiased manner not unduly influenced by outside sources. Consistent with the philosophy of wjm, the authors and editors of the guide have no financial connection with the pharmaceutic industry. All, in fact, are practicing primary care physicians at Bellevue Hospital Center, New York City, a public institution with a 250-year history of service to the under served. We hope you find these excerpts useful and interesting and that you will share your responses through our web site (www.bellevuehospitalcenter.org).
Outpatient facility volume, facility type, and the risk of serious colonoscopy-related adverse events in patients with comorbid conditions: a population-based study

Patients with a chronic comorbidity or multiple comorbidities are at much greater risk of serious colonoscopy-related gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events relative to patients with no comorbidity. It is important to identify outpatient facilities that can effectively and safely provide colonoscopy to complex patients. To address this need, the association between outpatient facilities’ complex care volume and type (ambulatory surgery center (ASC) and hospital outpatient department (HOPD)) and the risks of serious GI adverse events in colonoscopy patients with single and multiple chronic comorbidities were examined. Outpatient colonoscopies of 1,020,372 patients with single and multiple comorbidities were investigated, using a retrospective cohort study. Thirty-day hospitalizations due to colonic perforations and GI bleeding were examined. Ambulatory surgery and hospital discharge datasets from California, Florida, and New York for 2006–2009 were used. Higher complex care volume was associated with lower risks of adverse events in patients with comorbidities (OR 1.69; 95% CI [1.13, 2.54]). ASCs had higher risks of adverse events in patients with comorbidities relative to HOPDs (OR 2.85; 95% CI [2.40, 3.38]). Patients with single and multiple comorbid conditions, patients with systemic diseases, and complex patients of advanced age had higher risks of adverse events. Referring patients with single and multiple chronic comorbidities to facilities experienced in treating complex patients, or HOPDs, may reduce colonoscopy-related adverse events.
Atmospheric input and origin of selected elements in Walker Branch Watershed, Oak Ridge, Tennessee

The elemental composition and relative contribution to input of precipitation and aerosols have been determined for the Walker Branch Watershed in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Comparison of elemental ratios in rain to those in local soils indicates that Cu, Hg, and Pb are enriched with respect to soil by a factor of 30 to 170 and must have a non-soil source. Due to inherent problems encountered in determining elemental deposition velocities, elemental input by dry deposition was calculated using literature value upper and lower limits. If the higher deposition velocities are chosen, dry deposition could constitute from 62 to 96% of the total input for selected elements to the watershed.
Protein Synthesis in Rat Lymphocytes: Radioautographic Studies of Availability and Utilization of Labeled Amino Acids in Vivo

Injections of H 3 -methionine and H 3 -leucine were combined with radiochemical and radioautographic technics to study the availability time of H 3 -methionine and the protein synthetic ability of rat lymphocytes in vivo. Although 98.5 per cent of H 3 -methionine was removed from the serum 5 minutes after injection, sufficient quantities persisted and/or re-entered the serum from tissues to cause increasing grain counts in radioautographs of large lymphocytes for 1 hour after isotope administration. A small amount of additional labeling occurred during the 2nd hour, but it is calculated that labeling is 97-98 per cent complete by 1 hour. All of the large and medium lymphocytes were labeled in the thymus, lymph node, and thoracic duct lymph at short intervals after injection of 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H 3 -methionine. Evidence is presented that protein synthesis occurs in the nucleus as well as in the cytoplasm and that newly formed protein is equally distributed between daughter cells following mitosis. Previous immunochemical studies are combined with information on generation time and disappearance rates of radioactivity to suggest that large and medium lymphocytes are constantly producing and releasing proteins. Large and medium cells in lymph and lymph node are more active in this than are similar cells in the thymus. Evidence of reutilization of labeled metabolites in the lymph node and especially in the thymus is discussed. Although not all small lymphocytes were labeled by 4 µc./Gm. body weight of H 3 -methionine, it was shown that larger doses of isotope would label 100 per cent of them. Small lymphocytes in thoracic duct lymph evidenced significant turnover of labeled protein during the 1st day after isotope administration.
Ca diffusion in K-Feldspar

Abstract Diffusion of Ca has been characterized in natural K-feldspar under dry, 1 atm conditions using a 44Ca tracer. Polished sections of feldspar were surrounded by source powders in Pt capsules and annealed in air, or with solid buffers to buffer at NNO or IW. One hydrous experiment was conducted in a piston-cylinder device at 800 °C and 1 GPa. In all cases, the source of diffusant was pre-synthesized anorthitic powder doped with 44Ca. Prepared sample capsules were held at run conditions for times ranging from a few hours to a few months, at temperatures from 750 to 1050 °C. The 44Ca distributions in the feldspars were profiled by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). The following Arrhenius relation is obtained for Ca diffusion in K-feldspar for diffusion normal to (001): D = 3.91 × 10−9 exp.(−276 ± 41 kJ/mol/RT) m2 sec−1. Diffusivities normal to (010) appear similar, suggesting little anisotropy for Ca diffusion. Diffusion coefficients for experiments buffered at NNO and IW agree within experimental uncertainty with those for experiments run in air, indicating little dependence of Ca diffusion on oxygen fugacity under the investigated range of conditions. On the basis of the single high-pressure experiment, neither pressure nor the presence of H2O appear to affect Ca diffusion. Ca diffusion in K-feldspar is slower than the diffusivities of the larger divalent cations Sr and Pb, and also slower than Ca diffusion in plagioclase, which may be attributable to the large size mismatch of Ca in the K-feldspar structure. Ca diffusion is 7–8 orders of magnitude slower than Ar diffusion in K-feldspar, indicating that K-feldspars will be much more retentive of Ca chemical signatures than of Ar. As an example, 1 mm diameter feldspar grains will experience ∼50% Ar loss in 1500 years at 500 °C, while Ca loss of only 1% would require 100 million years at this temperature.