cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High sensitivity local evanescent array coupled biosensors with nanometer BSA film

A LEAC biosensor on a CMOS chip with integrated buried detector array demonstrated 50% photocurrent modulation in response to a patterned nanoscale 2.5 nm thick bovine serum albumin (BSA) film.
Histamine modulates thalamocortical activity by activating a chloride conductance in ferret perigeniculate neurons.

In the mammalian central nervous system only γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine have been firmly linked to inhibition of neuronal activity through increases in membrane Cl- conductance, and these responses are mediated by ionotropic receptors. Iontophoretic application of histamine can also cause inhibitory responses in vivo, although the mechanisms of this inhibition are unknown and may involve pre- or postsynaptic factors. Here, we report that application of histamine to the GABAergic neurons of the thalamic perigeniculate nucleus (PGN), which is innervated by histaminergic fibers from the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus, causes a slow membrane hyperpolarization toward a reversal potential of -73 mV through a relatively small increase in membrane conductance to Cl-. This histaminergic action appears to be mediated by the H2 subclass of histaminergic receptors and inhibits the single-spike activity of these PGN GABAergic neurons. Application of histamine to the PGN could halt the generation of spindle waves, indicating that increased activity in the tuberomammillary histaminergic system may play a functional role in dampening thalamic oscillations in the transition from sleep to arousal.
The brittle-to-ductile transition in microlayer composites

The brittle-to-ductile transition in continuous microlayer composites of polycarbonate (PC) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) was investigated under the triaxial tensile stress state achieved at a semicircular notch. The availability of microlayer compositions with variations in the proportion of the components and also variations in the total number of alternating layers made it possible to examine the transition from SAN-like, relatively brittle behavior, to PC-like properties where the ductile component dominated yield and failure. Examination of the damage zone that formed at the notch root revealed that cavitational mechanisms dominated in the brittle composites that were those with the highest proportion of SAN and fewest number of layers. Shear-yielding modes characteristic of PC dominated the damage zone of the ductile composites. Cavitational mechanisms were almost totally absent in these compositions that included those with the highest proportion of PC and the largest number of layers. A broad range of transitional behavior was observed with intermediate compositions where elements of both cavitational mechanisms and shear modes were superimposed. These compositions provided an opportunity to examine the interaction of cavitational and shear processes at the macro- and microscales. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Indentation Method for Determining the Macroscopic Fracture Energy of Brittle Bimaterial Interfaces

This paper reports that based on the mechanics analysis of crack-interface interaction, a simple and direct micro-indentation technique has been developed to evaluate the fracture energy of a bimaterial interface. The technique, when applied to a pristine planar SiC-Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} interface at various angles of attack, is shown to provide a reasonable estimate of the interfacial fracture resistance. The experimentally obtained fracture energy has been compared favorably with a proposed atomic model of bond breaking between SiC and Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}.
Orthotopic cardiac transplantation: comparison of outcome using biatrial, bicaval, and total techniques.

Abstract Background: For more than 35 years, the biatrial technique of performing orthotopic cardiac transplantation has been the gold standard, and involves anastomoses of donor and recipient atrial cuffs. More recently, however, bicaval and total techniques have been devised in an attempt to improve cardiac anatomy, physiology, and postoperative outcome. A bicaval approach preserves the donor atria and combines the standard left atrial anastomosis with a separate bicaval anastomosis. Total orthotopic heart transplantation involves complete excision of the recipient atria with separate bicaval end-to-end anastomoses, as well as pulmonary venous anastomoses. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review of studies that compared the three surgical techniques (biatrial, bicaval, and total) for performing orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Numerous outcome variables were evaluated, and included post-transplant survival, atrial dimensions, atrioventricular valvular insufficiency, arrhythmias, pacing requirements, vasopressor requirements, and hospital stay. Methods: We conducted a Medline (Pubmed) search using the terms “biatrial and cardiac transplantation,”“bicaval and cardiac transplantation,” and “total technique and cardiac transplantation,” which yielded 192 entries: 39 of these were studies that compared surgical techniques and were included in the review. Results: There was overwhelming evidence that the bicaval technique provided anatomic and functional advantages, with improvements in post-transplant survival, atrial geometry, and hemodynamics, as well as decreased valvular insufficiency, arrhythmias, pacing requirements, vasopressor requirements, and hospital stay. Conclusions: The bicaval technique was superior to both biatrial and total techniques for numerous outcome variables. To further elucidate this issue, a prospective randomized trial comparing the three techniques, with long-term follow-up, is warranted.
The distance spectrum of a tree

Let T be a tree with line graph T*. Define K = 21 + A(T*), where A denotes the adjacency matrix. Then the eigenvalues of -2 K-’ interlace the eigenvalues of the distance matrix D. This permits numerous results about the spectrum of K to be transcribed for the less tractable D.
Glacial and syntectonic sedimentation: The upper Proterozoic Kingston Peak Formation, southern Panamint Range, eastern California

A sedimentological-stratigraphic study of the upper Proterozoic Kingston Peak Formation in the southern Panamint Range shows that it was deposited under glacial conditions with contemporaneous volcanism and tectonic activity. Evidence for glaciation rests primarily upon (1) the homogeneity, thickness, and lateral extent of two diamictite units; (2) the facies association of the diamictite; and (3) presence of striated stones and dropstones within the formation elsewhere in the Death Valley area. In the Panamint Range, pillowed basalt interbedded with diamictite demonstrates synchronous subaqueous volcanism. Lower Kingston Peak units rest on a variable substrate and locally overlap faults, indicating tectonism prior to deposition. Tectonism during Kingston Peak deposition is inferred from abrupt thickness changes and buried faults. Sedimentation was chiefly on a submerged continental platform and locally terrestrial, during a period of incipient rifting. Two ice advances are recorded with associated sea-level fluctuations. The formation thickens northward from 40 to about 1,200 m over ∼40 km. Initial sediments were fine grained and in basins a few kilometres across; nearby islands provided coarse debris. Overlying sandstone and conglomerate indicate regression. Predominantly massive diamictite, as much as 450 m thick and interpreted as lodgment till or glacioma-rine sediment, records the first ice advance. A northward increase in diamictite thickness, decrease in clast size, and facies change from diamictite to argillite and graywacke suggest a southern source. Overlying laminated limestone marks a transgression. Succeeding interbedded sandy limestone, thick-bedded graywacke, and parallel-laminated siltstone and sandstone double in thickness over a few kilometres, demonstrating local subsidence and renewed terrigenous input. Trough, cross-laminated, arkosic sandstone and conglomerate overlain by predominantly massive diamictite, as much as 190 m thick with a locally erosive base, represent glaciofluvial deposits and lodgment till and record the second ice advance.
Improving outcomes in anaesthesiology education on research

For more than 30 years in the United States, we have been lamenting the fate of the clinician-scientist in anaesthesiology. In the past 5 years, attention to the issues has escalated and a number of new training pathways have emerged. This chapter summarizes programs which have innovative curricula, analyzes current research needs and discusses the limited studies in regards to best practices for research training in graduate medical education. It also proposes further development of residency research curricula through the application of basic educational concepts and explores funding issues and resources that remain relevant to all faculty and departments training the residents. We hope the ideas proposed here will promote the academic caliber of our profession; however, much more data and outcomes research needs to be done to determine our best practices for the future.
Promoting smoking cessation among nursing students: how faculty can help.

Abstract Cigarette smoking is a major health issue in the United States. Research has shown that more than a quarter of young adults aged 18–24 are smokers, and there has been a recent rise in the prevalence of cigarette smoking among college students. Many researchers have investigated smoking among nursing students, in the United States and worldwide. This article provides an overview of these research findings and a discussion of interventions that may help promote smoking cessation. Nurse faculty are encouraged to take a lead in smoking cessation efforts.
Visual—Motor/Visual—Perceptual Function

Visual—motor and visual—perceptual dysfunction may have a significant, adverse influence on a child’s school performance. Although visual—motor and visual—perceptual skills are highly interrelated, they also are distinct functions. A child with a visual—motor problem may not exhibit a visual—perceptual deficit; similarly, the reverse is also true (see Figure 11.1). If a child can draw rapidly (without excessive effort) but is unable to recognize that the reproduction differs markedly from the letter or shape being copied, there is a strong likelihood that an underlying perceptual deficit exists (Figure 11.1b). Conversely, if the child can recognize errors or discrepancies but, nonetheless, is unable to correct them, the probability of having a visual—motor problem is increased significantly (Figure 11.1c). A child who displays immature visual reproductions may be experiencing difficulty with the integration of perceptual and motor functions.1, 2
Genetics and biology of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents hypotheses regarding the role of amyloid precursor gene expression in the progress of Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome, and the functional consequences of the molecular transformation, which the amyloid precursor undergoes in these diseases. A striking aspect of the neuropathology of Alzheimer disease is deposition of the proteinaceous material amyloid in the walls of the cerebral microvasculature and in the core of extracellular neuritic plaques. Similar amyloid deposits occur in the brains of older Down syndrome patients. The first clue to the identity of amyloid was revealed when its principal constituent was isolated and proved to be a 4.2 kilodalton polypeptide from which the amino acid sequence was obtained. This isolation of the gene for the precursor of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid peptide has made it possible to begin dissecting at a molecular level the processes whereby this normal protein may become altered in Alzheimer's disease. The finding that the principal component of the pathological amyloid deposit is encoded by only a portion of the precursor suggested the possibility that amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease may result from either an abnormal expression or a posttranslational modification of a normal molecular constituent.
Preload release increases blood flow and decreases fatigue during repetitive isotonic muscle contractions

The effects of preload on blood flow (Q), O2 uptake (VO2), and fatigue were investigated in the canine gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle in situ. Repetitive (1 contraction/s, 200 ms duration) afterloa...
Interpersonal risk for suicide in social anxiety: The roles of shame and depression

Though research indicates that individuals with social anxiety disorder may experience elevated levels of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, two interpersonal risk factors critical for the development of suicidal desire, it remains unclear why. The current investigation considered how shame and depression may help to explain the relationship between social anxiety and interpersonal suicide risk factors. Participants (N=259), recruited using Amazon.com's Mechanical Turk, completed measures of social anxiety, interpersonal suicide risk factors, shame, and depression. Social anxiety was associated with greater thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. In addition, shame partially explained the association between social anxiety and thwarted belongingness, though the indirect effect was no longer significant after considering depression as a moderator. As predicted, shame was found to fully explain the association between social anxiety and perceived burdensomeness and this indirect effect was most pronounced among individuals with high comorbid depression. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Afterslip Behavior following the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa Earthquake with Implications for Afterslip Forecasting on Other Seismogenic Faults

ABSTRACT The 24 August 2014 M 6.0 South Napa, California, earthquake exhibited unusually large slip for a California strike‐slip event of its size with a maximum coseismic surface slip of 40–50 cm in the north section of the 15‐km‐long rupture. Although only minor ( M ∼7 earthquake anticipated on the nearby urban Hayward fault. However, we expect its afterslip to last much longer than one year.
Serological testing for measles suspected cases in Yulin,Guangxi,2006-2010

Objective To analyze the data of measles suspected case testing in Yulin and provide a scientific basis for measles control and prevention.Methods Serum specimens were collected from clinically measles suspect patients and submitted for measles and rubella IgM antibody testing.The 2006-2010 data of measles suspect patient testing were summarized with the method of descriptive epidemiology.Results The positive rate of measles IgM antibody was 31.85%(229/719) on average for measles suspect cases during 2006-2010.The annual positive rates of measles IgM antibody were 75%,8.46% and 37.81% respectively for the year 2006-2008.There was no laboratory confirmed case in 2009 and 2010.The positive rate of rubella IgM antibody was 27.35%(134/490) for measles negative specimens.The measles IgM antibody was the highest(39.49%) for specimens collected around 14 days after the rash of measles.Most measles cases occurred in spring and summer,and reached to peak in May.Infants and young children aged 8 months to 2 years accounted for 44.10%(101/229) of measles cases.The sex ration of measles cases was 2.05∶1(male:female).Measles cases were confirmed in all cities and districts of Yulin area.A proportion of 69.43%(159/229) of cases were from scattered children.Rubella cases were mainly confirmed in students(86.56%,116/134).Children aged 7-13 years accounted for 48.51%(65/134) of cases.The sex ratio of rubella cases was 1.31∶1(male:female).Conclusion Measles confirmed cases have been decreasing in Yulin since 2006.It is important to maintain the high coverage rate of measles vaccination for the eradication of the disease.
Israel's Open Sore in the Book of Jeremiah

The incurable sore that plagues Israel throughout the book of Jeremiah is a complex, rhetorically powerful image laden with theological import. Whether marking a diseased or a disabled body, the image of the incurable sore manifests the Bible's general attitudes toward the body and, more specifically, toward the female body, which is associated with disability and impurity. The incurable sore simultaneously communicates Israel's corruption and God's power, while revealing the essential dynamic of Israel's relationship with God. It testifies that Israel is at God's mercy. Embodying the concerns of a society in crisis, the sore also demands a powerful emotional response, evoking both pity and disgust. Though the question remains whether the afflicted Israel portrayed by Jeremiah can be healed, the image of the incurable sore is itself a source of healing. As if applying a balm onto Israel's affliction, the prophet employs this image as part of his corporeal rhetoric in order to persuade his audience to reform their behavior and pursue wholeness.
Reality or Rhetoric: The Democratic Peace Theory

The Democratic Peace Theory is, perhaps, one of the most rudimentary staples for those political scientists examining the effects of democracies and their interaction on a global scale. Proposed in 1795 by Immanuel Kant, the theory has been probed, altered, and expounded upon for centuries by researchers eager to understand the true composition of the relationships between democracies. Today, the theory is heralded by many scholars as something of fact, showing a strong degree of favoritism toward its underpinnings and suppositions; however, the basis of the theory – as well as its modern variant – is far from being immune to shortcomings of substantial degrees. As such, it is important to examine the basis and factors that constitute the Democratic Peace Theory, both from Kant’s perspective and from modern researchers on the issue, in order to discern the instruments that accurately forge its entirety, while exhuming the variables that exemplify its true defects. This may be disinterred by focusing upon a single central question: what factors negate the Democratic Peace Theory, and how do those factors disparage the belief that democracies do not engage in war with one another on the basis that they are, simply, democracies? Ultimately, this research is essential in debunking the myth behind the longstanding theory that has emphatically impinged the political science community.
Global Ubiquitination Analysis by SILAC in Mammalian Cells

Ubiquitination is a versatile and dynamic posttranslational modification in cells, regulating almost all cellular events. With rapid developments of affinity capture reagents and high-resolution mass spectrometry, it is now feasible to globally analyze the ubiquitinated proteome (ubiquitome) using quantitative strategies, such as stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Here we describe in detail a SILAC protocol to profile the ubiquitome in mammalian cells including protein labeling, antibody-based enrichment, and analysis by mass spectrometry.
The Concept of Legal Uncertainty: Definition and Measurement

There is a great deal of theoretical literature on the causes and consequences of legal uncertainty. However, there has been virtually no empirical analysis of these issues, perhaps on account of the absence of rigorously defined yet practical measures of legal uncertainty. This article defines several different kinds of legal uncertainty in ways that correspond to well-recognized concepts such as risk and ambiguity and shows how survey data can be used to construct measures of those forms of legal uncertainty.
Multiple event monitoring

Suppose you were monitoring a group of people in order to determine if anyone of them did something suspicious (e.g., putting down a bag) or if any two interacted in a suspicious manner (e.g., trading bags). How large a group could you monitor successfully? This paper reports on six experiments in which observers monitor a group of entities, watching for an event. Whether the event was performed by a single entity or was an interaction between a pair, the capacity for event monitoring was two to three items. This was lower than the multiple object tracking capacity for the same stimuli (approximately six items). Capacity was essentially the same whether entities were identical circles or unique cartoon animals; nor was capacity changed by an added requirement to identify the entities involved in an event. Event monitoring appears to be related to, but not identical to, multiple object tracking.
Real Life Lessons in Leadership Part 1

Participants in this study included high level managers and administrators in both the private and public sectors. Individuals participated by contributing personal experiences related to their specific professions. Their experiences are presented in this paper as case studies. Professors of management and public administration will find that these cases relate to many of the topics covered in their courses. For example, cases refer to (a) leadership, (b) planning, (c)communication, (d) motivation, (e) control, (f) conflict (g) mentoring, (h) staffing, (i) change, (j) environment, (k) culture, (l) decision making, and so on.
Artifacts and Microartifacts in Anthropogenic Soils

Artifacts are objects >2 mm, whereas microartifacts are 0.25–2.0 mm, in size that were produced, modified, or transported from their source, by human activity. Artifacts are typically coal-related wastes (coal, cinders, etc.), waste building materials (brick, mortar, etc.), industrial wastes (coked coal, slag, etc.), and objects of archaeological significance (pottery, bone, etc.).
An Evaluation of a New Debriefing Framework: REFLECT

BACKGROUND Postresuscitation debriefing (PRD) is recommended by the American Heart Association guidelines but is infrequently performed. Prior studies have identified barriers for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellows including lack of a standardized curriculum. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to create and assess the feasibility of a time-limited, structured PRD framework entitled REFLECT: Review the event, Encourage team participation, Focused feedback, Listen to each other, Emphasize key points, Communicate clearly, and Transform the future. METHODS Each PEM fellow (n = 9) at a single center was a team leader of a pre-intervention and post-intervention videotaped, simulated resuscitation followed by a facilitated team PRD. Our intervention was a 2-hour interactive, educational workshop on debriefing and the use of the REFLECT debriefing aid. Videos of the pre-intervention and post-intervention debriefings were blindly analyzed by video reviewers to assess for the presence of debriefing characteristics contained in the REFLECT debriefing aid. PEM fellow and team member assessments of the debriefings were completed after each pre-intervention and post-intervention simulation, and written evaluations by PEM fellows and team members were analyzed. RESULTS All 9 PEM fellows completed the study. There was an improvement in the pre-intervention and post-intervention assessment of the REFLECT debriefing characteristics as determined by fellow perception (63% to 83%, P < 0.01) and team member perception (63% to 82%, P < 0.001). All debriefings lasted less than 5 minutes. There was no statistical difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention debriefing time (P = 1.00). CONCLUSIONS REFLECT is a feasible debriefing aid designed to incorporate evidence-based characteristics into a PRD.
Abductor Deficiency in Total Hip Arthroplasty: Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Treatment Strategies

Abductor deficiency after total hip arthroplasty is a rare and challenging problem facing reconstructive surgeons today. The etiologies are vast. Herein, we review the relevant anatomy of the abductor mechanism, as well as the course and potential sites of injury for the superior gluteal nerve. The diagnosis can be challenging, but a focus on history and physical examination is the most important diagnostic tool. Supplemental modalities include plain radiographs, arthrography, ultrasound, electromyography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A variety of treatments exists for symptomatic abductor deficiency. We review potential modalities ranging from soft tissue transfers, trochanter fixation and osteotomy with a slide, as well as potential revision components.
Nature of first two rotational bands in 152 Sm

Abstract I have applied a simple two-state mixing model to members of the first two rotational bands in 152Sm. Resulting mixing amplitudes are similar for 0 + , 2 + , and 4 + . The lower basis-state band is found to be only slightly more collective than the second one. The results indicate that the un-mixed bands have the character of K = 0 rotational bands.
Lifetime socioeconomic position was associated with morbidity and mortality

Source Citation Davey Smith G, Hart C, Blane D, Gillis C, Hawthorne V. Lifetime socioeconomic position and mortality: prospective observational study. BMJ. 1997 Feb 22;314:547-52.
Comparison of Isotopic Records in Abiogenic and Biogenic Calcite from Lake Turkana, Kenya

The oxygen isotopic composition of abiogenic (micrite) and biogenic calcite (ostracods) in modern Lake Turkana sediments varies greatly around the lake. The carbonates appear to form out of equilibrium with the modern lake waters. The micrite is precipitating at 0.6‰ to 2‰ below equilibrium values whereas the ostracods are forming their shells at 0.3‰ to 2.0‰ above equilibrium. This seems to be caused by the extent of interaction between inflow and basin waters. Covariance of δ18O values in the micrite and in ostracods both in the modern sediments and in a 12 meter core from the lake suggests that both are responding to environmental forcing and are useful for paleoenvironmental interpretation at least on a time scale of centuries to millennia.
How Weather Events Affect Freeway Demand Patterns

The ability to estimate freeway traffic demand during inclement weather events is critically needed for demand and supply management, level-of-service assessment, capacity verification, and other freeway operational and planning applications. Reliable travel demand prediction is also a useful input for freeway travel time reliability analyses and advanced traveler information systems. This paper investigates the effect of inclement weather on freeway demand with the use of hourly traffic and weather data collected for 5 years (2011–2015) at 15 urban freeway locations in the city of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, which represents a North American region experiencing distinct seasons with significant snowfall and cold temperatures in the winter. About 489,300 hourly traffic demand observations were used in the analysis, and more than 52,800 of those were under inclement weather. Freeway demand reduction factors were introduced for diverse weather variables, precipitation intensities, visibility levels, temperatures,...
Enteral Arg-Gln Dipeptide Administration Increases Retinal Docosahexaenoic Acid and Neuroprotectin D1 in a Murine Model of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose Low levels of the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been implicated in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). However, oral DHA suffers from poor palatability and is associated with increased bleeding in premature infants. We asked whether oral administration of the neutraceutical arginine-glutamine (Arg-Glu) could increase retinal DHA and improve outcomes in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Methods Postnatal day 7 (P7) pups were maintained at 75% oxygen for 5 days and then returned to room air on P12. Pups were gavaged twice daily with Arg-Gln or vehicle from P12 to P17 and eyes were harvested for analysis on P17. Vaso-obliteration and vascular density were assessed on retinal flat mounts and preretinal neovascularization was assessed on retinal cross sections. Retinas were used for measurement of DHA and 10,17S-docosatriene (neuroprotectin D1, NPD1), a key DHA-derived lipid, and for analysis by reverse-phase protein array (RPPA). Results With Arg-Gln treatment, retinal DHA and NPD1 levels were increased in OIR pups. Arg-Gln reduced preretinal neovascularization by 39 ± 6% (P < 0.05) relative to vehicle control. This was accompanied by a restoration of vascular density of the retina in the pups treated with Arg-Gln (73.0 ± 3.0%) compared to vehicle (53.1 ± 3.4%; P < 0.05). Arg-Gln dipeptide restored OIR-induced signaling changes toward normoxia and was associated with normalization of insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 signaling and reduction of apoptosis and an increase in anti-apoptosis proteins. Conclusions Arg-Gln may serve as a safer and easily tolerated nutraceutical agent for prevention or treatment of ROP.
Particle size effects on soil reflectance explained by an analytical radiative transfer model

Abstract Experimental evidence points to an intimate link between soil reflectance, R, and particle/aggregate diameter, D. Based on this strong correlation, various statistical methods for remote and proximal sensing of soil texture and hydraulic properties have been developed. In this paper, we derive a more fundamental and physically-based analytical radiative transfer model that yields a closed-form functional R(D) relationship for dry soils. Despite several simplifying assumptions, the proposed model shows good agreement with measured spectral reflectance (350–2500 nm) data of six soils covering a broad range of textures, colors, and mineralogies. The proposed S-shaped R(D) function resembles cumulative particle and pore size distributions as well as the soil water characteristic function. These analogies may potentially lead to new avenues for developing novel physical models for extracting important soil properties from remotely sensed reflectance data.
Using Roads for Autonomous Air Vehicle Guidance

This is a study on the development of a road following vision-based guidance system for unmanned air vehicles (UAV) in real world applications. Currently, autonomous navigation requires the use of GPS. In many applications, however, dependence on GPS is undesirable. GPS signals are weak and can be jammed easily. Also, GPS waypoints may not be up-to-date. In recent years, vision-based navigation has been gaining popularity. Vision-based guidance requires existence of visible paths or extended landmarks for air vehicles to detect and follow. Roads are the most commonly available path to follow. Moreover, the abundance of events that happen along roads make them appealing subjects of surveillance. Many road detection (single images) and road tracking (videos) algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Fast detection and tracking has been the emphasis of those intended for UAVs. Due to the complexity of road detection, we not only need advanced software but also the most effective sensors. In this paper, we propose a road following algorithm that uses both RGB camera and hyperspectral sensor and report the results of actual test flights conducted in different locations and different seasons.
Manualized Treatment of Panic Disorder in a Medical Setting: Two Illustrative Case Studies

People who experience panic attacks (PAs) typically present to medical settings, concerned that their symptoms signify a life-threatening condition. Despite the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder (PD), medical practitioners seldom provide this type of treatment. Physicians may lack the time or expertise to impart such behavioral medicine interventions, while patients may find group or individual CBT too costly even when available. Researchers have begun investigating manualized CBT as a cost-effective alternative when traditional forms of this intervention are prohibited. This article describes two case studies in which women presenting to a medical clinic with PD were treated with 6 weeks of manualized CBT after pharmacotherapy was unsuccessful or unpalatable. Both patients exhibited reductions in panic and depressive symptomatology over baseline levels, along with increases in self-efficacy regarding their ability to manage future PAs. Improvements were maintained over 12 months, supporting continued use of manualized CBT as a supplement or alternative to pharmacological methods of treating PD in the medical setting.
Poster 181: Patients’ awareness of their medications.1

Abstract Objective: To assess patients' awareness of their medications and their dosages. Design: Observational study. Setting: Physiatrist's office. Participants: 75 consecutive outpatients (age range, 33–79y). Interventions: During the outpatient clinic visits, patients were evaluated on their knowledge of medications. The diagnoses of these patients included cerebrovascular disease, chronic pain, amputations, and spinal cord injuries. Main Outcome Measures: Patient awareness of their prescribed medications and their dosages. In the letters of confirmation, patients were asked to bring all their medications and not the lists to enable the physiatrist to be informed of all the medications that were prescribed to them by other physicians. Results: 28 of the 75 patients brought the medication bottles. Among them, only 8 knew their medications and dosages. 11 of 28 knew the names of medications but not the dosages. 9 of 28 neither knew the medications nor the dosages. Of the 47 patients who did not bring the medication bottles, only 18 knew their medication with dosages. 19 of 47 knew the medications, but not the dosages. 10 of 47 knew neither their medications nor their dosages. Statistical analysis was performed first using a 2×3 contingency table chi-square test with 2 degrees of freedom ( df ). No significant difference ( P >.10) was found between patients bringing the bottles and their awareness of medications and dosages. The second chi-square test with 1 df did not show any significant relationship between the additional patients who knew their medications only and their bringing the bottles. Conclusion: Patients are unaware of the names of medications and their dosages whether they were reminded to bring the bottles or not.
SEMLOG: A Multiparadigm Language for Conceptual Modeling

In this paper we describe a new language we call SEMLOG. SEMLOG incorporates features from object-oriented, functional and logic programming. In SEMLOG there is a rich collection of objects organized in a type hierarchy. It is possible to compose queries that involve field selection, function application and other constructs which transcend the usual, strictly syntactic, matching of PROLOG. We give the features of SEMLOG and motivate its utility for conceptual modeling. We have a prototype implementation for the language, which we have written in ML. In this paper we describe an executable semantics of the deductive process used in the language. We work some examples to illustrate the expressive power of the language, and compare SEMLOG to PROLOG and LOGIN.
Non-g Factors Predict Educational and Occupational Criteria: More than g

In a prior issue of the Journal of Intelligence, I argued that the most important scientific issue in intelligence research was to identify specific abilities with validity beyond g (i.e., variance common to mental tests) (Coyle, T.R. Predictive validity of non-g residuals of tests: More than g. Journal of Intelligence 2014, 2, 21–25.). In this Special Issue, I review my research on specific abilities related to non-g factors. The non-g factors include specific math and verbal abilities based on standardized tests (SAT, ACT, PSAT, Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery). I focus on two non-g factors: (a) non-g residuals, obtained after removing g from tests, and (b) ability tilt, defined as within-subject differences between math and verbal scores, yielding math tilt (math > verbal) and verbal tilt (verbal > math). In general, math residuals and tilt positively predict STEM criteria (college majors, jobs, GPAs) and negatively predict humanities criteria, whereas verbal residuals and tilt show the opposite pattern. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research, with a focus on theories of non-g factors (e.g., investment theories, Spearman’s Law of Diminishing Returns, Cognitive Differentiation-Integration Effort Model) and a magnification model of non-g factors.
Evaporation Mass Flux: A Predictive Model and Experiments

Evaporation is a fundamental and core phenomenon in a broad range of disciplines including power generation and refrigeration systems, desalination, electronic/photonic cooling, aviation systems, and even biosciences. Despite its importance, the current theories on evaporation suffer from fitting coefficients with reported values varying in a few orders of magnitude. Lack of a sound model impedes simulation and prediction of characteristics of many systems in these disciplines. Here, we studied evaporation at a planar liquid–vapor interface through a custom-designed, controlled, and automated experimental setup. This experimental setup provides the ability to accurately probe thermodynamic properties in vapor, liquid, and close to the liquid–vapor interface. Through analysis of these thermodynamic properties in a wide range of evaporation mass fluxes, we cast a predictive model of evaporation based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics with no fitting parameters. In this model, only the interfacial temperature...
Learning by Fictitious Play in Large Populations.

We consider learning by fictitious play in a large population of agents engaged in single-play, two-person rounds of a symmetric game, and derive a mean-filed type model for the corresponding stochastic process. Using this model, we describe qualitative properties of the learning process and discuss its asymptotic behavior. Of the special interest is the comparative characteristics of the fictitious play learning with and without a memory factor. As a part of the analysis, we show that the model leads to the continuous, best-response dynamics equation of Gilboa and Matsui (1991), when all agents have similar empirical probabilities.
A Simple Risk Score to Predict Clavien-Dindo Grade IV and V Complications After Non-elective Cholecystectomy

Non-elective cholecystectomies can lead to severe postoperative complications and mortality. Existing risk prediction tools do not meet the need to reliably predict these complications. Using the 2011–2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets, we identified patients undergoing non-elective cholecystectomy with primary ICD 9/10 codes indicating the following diagnoses: symptomatic cholelithiasis, acute cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, gallstone pancreatitis, and cholangitis. We randomly allocated patients to derivation and validation cohorts (80/20 split). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo grades IV and V) included unplanned intubation, prolonged mechanical ventilation, pulmonary embolism, acute renal failure requiring dialysis, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, septic shock, and mortality. Logistic regression using backward selection identified predictors of severe complications and a risk score was generated based on this model. Of 68,953 patients in the derivation cohort, 1.7% (N = 1157) suffered severe complications. The final multivariable risk score model included the following predictors: age (0–12 points), preoperative sepsis (5 points), planned open procedure (5 points), estimated glomerular filtration rate (0–13 points), and preoperative albumin level (0–8 points). The associated risk-score model yielded scores from 0 to 43 with 0.1–59.4% predicted probability of severe complications and had a C-statistic of 0.845 (95% CI 0.834, 0.857) in the derivation cohort and 0.870 (95% CI 0.851, 0.889) in the validation cohort. A simple risk-score model predicts severe complications in patients undergoing unplanned cholecystectomy for common indications encountered in an acute care surgery service and identifies high-risk patients.
BionoiNet: ligand-binding site classification with off-the-shelf deep neural network.

Motivation Fast and accurate classification of ligand-binding sites in proteins with respect to the class of binding molecules is invaluable not only to the automatic functional annotation of large datasets of protein structures but also to projects in protein evolution, protein engineering and drug development. Deep learning techniques, which have already been successfully applied to address challenging problems across various fields, are inherently suitable to classify ligand-binding pockets. Our goal is to demonstrate that off-the-shelf deep learning models can be employed with minimum development effort to recognize nucleotide- and heme-binding sites with a comparable accuracy to highly specialized, voxel-based methods. Results We developed BionoiNet, a new deep learning-based framework implementing a popular ResNet model for image classification. BionoiNet first transforms the molecular structures of ligand-binding sites to 2D Voronoi diagrams, which are then used as the input to a pretrained convolutional neural network classifier. The ResNet model generalizes well to unseen data achieving the accuracy of 85.6% for nucleotide- and 91.3% for heme-binding pockets. BionoiNet also computes significance scores of pocket atoms, called BionoiScores, to provide meaningful insights into their interactions with ligand molecules. BionoiNet is a lightweight alternative to computationally expensive 3D architectures. Availability and implementation BionoiNet is implemented in Python with the source code freely available at: https://github.com/CSBG-LSU/BionoiNet. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in the Overhead Athlete: Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations

Neurovascular compression in the upper extremity is rare but can affect even those participating in high-level competitive athletics. To assess optimal approaches to treatment, in this review, we evaluate the current literature on neurovascular compressive syndromes affecting the upper extremity, with a special focus on the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet can involve the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, or subclavian vein, each with distinct clinical manifestations. Neurogenic TOS is best treated with surgical decompression, if physical therapy has not improved symptoms. Venous TOS results in acute thrombosis superimposed on chronic venous compression. Treatment is best directed at early anticoagulation, catheter-directed thrombolysis, and surgical decompression, with most patients able to discontinue anticoagulation and return to high-level athletic activity. Arterial TOS is related to aneurysmal degeneration of the subclavian artery with distal embolization, leading to limb-threatening ischemia. This should be aggressively treated with surgery. Similar degenerative changes can occur in the axillary artery and its branches, leading to distal embolization. Prompt recognition of these potential sources of limb-threatening ischemia is critical to limb preservation. TOS includes rare but important conditions in the overhead athlete. Recent advances in physical therapy and image-guided diagnostic techniques have facilitated more accurate diagnosis. Surgical treatment remains the gold standard to maximize function or for limb preservation, and future research is needed to clarify optimal pain and physiotherapy regimens, as well as to examine novel approaches to neurovascular decompression.
Low-dose aspirin in reproductive health: effects on menstrual cycle characteristics

Objective To estimate the effect of daily 81 mg low-dose aspirin (LDA) on menstrual cycle length and hormone profiles. Design Secondary analysis of a trial evaluating the effect of daily LDA or placebo on live birth among women with one or two previous pregnancy losses. Setting University medical centers. Patient(s) A total of 915 regularly menstruating women who had at least one menstrual cycle (3,190 total cycles) in which pregnancy did not occur. Intervention(s) Randomized allocation to LDA versus placebo. Main Outcome Measure(s) Menstrual cycle length and follicular and luteal phases were measured. Urinary pregnanediol glucuronide, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrone-3-glucuronide were assessed up to six times during the first two cycles. Generalized estimating equations estimated relative risk of short ( 75th percentile: ≥32 days) versus normal cycle length. Linear mixed models estimated mean hormone level differences with weights used to account for multiple cycles contributed per participant. Result(s) There were no significant differences in total menstrual cycle, follicular phase, or luteal phase length between LDA and placebo groups. LDA posed no greater risk of having a short versus normal-length or long versus normal-length follicular phase, or having a short versus normal-length or long versus normal-length luteal phase. There were no significant differences in hormone levels across the menstrual cycle between the LDA and placebo groups. Conclusion(s) Daily LDA use did not result in any changes to menstrual cycle, follicular phase, or luteal phase length or hormone levels across the menstrual cycle compared with placebo. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT00467363
Alternative Splicing of Putative Stroke/Vascular Risk Factor Genes Expressed in Blood Following Ischemic Stroke Is Sexually Dimorphic and Cause-Specific.

Genome-wide association studies have identified putative ischemic stroke risk genes, yet, their expression after stroke is unexplored in spite of growing interest in elucidating their specific role and identifying candidate genes for stroke treatment. Thus, we took an exploratory approach to investigate sexual dimorphism, alternative splicing, and etiology in putative risk gene expression in blood following cardioembolic, atherosclerotic large vessel disease and small vessel disease/lacunar causes of ischemic stroke in each sex compared to controls. Whole transcriptome arrays assessed 71 putative stroke/vascular risk factor genes for blood RNA expression at gene-, exon-, and alternative splicing-levels. Male (n = 122) and female (n = 123) stroke and control volunteers from three university medical centers were matched for race, age, vascular risk factors, and blood draw time since stroke onset. Exclusion criteria included: previous stroke, drug abuse, subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, hemorrhagic transformation, infection, dialysis, cancer, hematological abnormalities, thrombolytics, anticoagulants or immunosuppressants. Significant differential gene expression (fold change > |1.2|, p |0.4|) and alternative splicing (false discovery rate p < 0.3) were assessed. At gene level, few were differentially expressed: ALDH2, ALOX5AP, F13A1, and IMPA2 (males, all stroke); ITGB3 (females, cardioembolic); ADD1 (males, atherosclerotic); F13A1, IMPA2 (males, lacunar); and WNK1 (females, lacunar). GP1BA and ITGA2B were alternatively spliced in both sexes (all patients vs. controls). Six genes in males, five in females, were alternatively spliced in all stroke compared to controls. Alternative splicing and exon-level analyses associated many genes with specific etiology in either sex. Of 71 genes, 70 had differential exon-level expression in stroke patients compared to control subjects. Among stroke patients, 24 genes represented by differentially expressed exons were male-specific, six were common between sexes, and two were female-specific. In lacunar stroke, expression of 19 differentially expressed exons representing six genes (ADD1, NINJ2, PCSK9, PEMT, SMARCA4, WNK1) decreased in males and increased in females. Results demonstrate alternative splicing and sexually dimorphic expression of most putative risk genes in stroke patients' blood. Since expression was also often cause-specific, sex, and etiology are factors to consider in stroke treatment trials and genetic association studies as society trends toward more personalized medicine.