cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of adipose differentiation-related protein in lung surfactant production: a reassessment

Based on data developed with the use of isolated lipid droplets from neonatal rat lung lipofibroblasts, we speculated previously that the droplet coat protein, adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP), mediated the transfer of lipids into type 2 lung epithelial cells for the production of surfactant phospholipids. The present studies were designed to test the role of ADFP in this transfer with the use of ADFP-coated lipid droplets from CHO fibroblast cells and a cultured human lung epithelial cell line. We found no role for ADFP in the lipid transfer and conclude that a lipase associated with the lipid droplets hydrolyzes their core triacylglycerols, releasing fatty acids that are taken up by the epithelial cells.
Noninterference for Intuitionist Necessity

We study indexed necessity modalities in intuitionist S4. These provide the logical foundation required by a variety of applications, such as capability-based policy languages for access control and type theories for exceptional computation. We establish noninterference properties capturing the limitations on information flow between formulas under the scope of necessity modalities with different indices.
A self-calibrated bandgap voltage reference with 0.5 ppm//spl deg/C temperature coefficient

This work introduces a multi-segment bandgap reference circuit with self-calibration. Thermal characteristics of the bandgap circuit were modeled using test results under normal temperatures. With the characterization information, appropriate circuit parameters were calculated for different temperature intervals and used to adjust the inflection point of the bandgap curve as the temperature changes, in order for the reference circuit to achieve high thermal stability. Simulation results show that the proposed circuit can achieve a better than 0.5 ppm//spl deg/C temperature coefficient over a range of 140/spl deg/C. This circuit is compatible with most of the existing bandgap circuit structures and can be used in low-voltage designs.
Characteristics of tin whiskers formed on sputter-deposited films—an aging study

Tin whiskers formed on sputter-deposited films on Muntz metal substrates have been examined following long-term aging at room temperature. It was found that while the initial annealing conditions determined the original nucleation and growth rates, whisker nucleation and growth was a continuous process and appeared to be occurring throughout the duration of the study. Whisker densities increased for all samples during aging, and samples that initially showed no whiskers during high-temperature annealing had a population density of 2.5 mm−2 after storage for 15 months.
Predictors of percutaneous access failure requiring open femoral surgical conversion during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective To determine predictors of percutaneous (PEVAR) access failure requiring conversion to an open approach (OEVAR) during endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Methods A single-center retrospective review of all EVAR patients from January 2009 through June 2011 with multivariate analysis of clinical and anatomic variables that could impact access outcome was conducted. Target vessel calcification was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on circumferential calcium arc ( ½ respectively), dyslipidemia (defined as low-density lipoprotein >130 mg/dL or receiving lipid lowering medication), and obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] >30). Results We investigated 400 access sites for 200 patients who underwent EVAR. The study cohort's characteristics included an average age of 72.8 ± 9.0 years, vessel size of 9.6 ± 1.8 mm, sheath size of 17.1 ± 3.0 Fr, BMI of 27.6 ± 5.3, and estimated glomular filtration rate of 68.5 ± 24.2 mL/min. Comorbidities included dyslipidemia in 129 patients (64.5%) and diabetes in 54 patients (27%). There were 132 OEVAR (66 patients), two mixed OEVAR with contralateral PEVAR (one patient), and 266 (133 patients) PEVAR approaches. Use of PEVAR increased over time (45.5% [2009], 77.8% [2010], and up to 88.5% [2011]; P = .001) while conversions decreased (24.3% [2009], 8.7% [2010], and 4.3% [2011]; P = .001]. More OEVAR patients (35.8%) stayed longer than 3 days compared with 21.1% for PEVAR ( P = .028). For the 266 PEVAR approaches, 32 access sites (12.0%) had to be converted. Severely calcified arteries were most predictive of conversion (odds ratio [OR], 36.4; P P = .001; 2011, OR, 0.20; P = .049), female gender (OR, 3.1; P = .017), moderately calcified arteries (OR, 2.5; P = .085), and age (OR, 2.3 [per decade]; P = .002) were all also significant. Vessel size, sheath size, and BMI were found to be nonsignificant predictors of conversion. Conclusions PEVAR was found to be safe, reliable, and feasible. Several factors, including learning curve, vessel calcification, age, and female gender predicted conversion of PEVAR to OEVAR.
Antimicrobial Activity of Gold Nanoparticles and Ionic Gold

Gold, in both nanoparticle (AuNPs) and ionic forms, has been studied for antibiotic activities. Some of the organic complexes of Au (I & III) ions are antibacterial. AuNPs are antifungal, but with conflicting results on their antibacterial activity. We summarized these publications and found that AuNPs are generally not bactericidal, or only weakly at high concentrations. However, the reason AuNPs appear to be bactericidal is possibly due to the bactericidal activity of co-existing chemicals not completely removed from AuNPs: gold ions, surface coating agents, and chemicals involved in the synthesis. AuNPs can also act as carriers or delivery vehicles of antibiotics, thus enhancing the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics.
Nice Doggie! Contact Desensitization Plus Reinforcement Decreases Dog Phobias for Children with Autism

Dog phobias are common in individuals with autism; however, evidence supporting behavioral interventions is limited. The current study evaluated the efficacy of contact desensitization plus reinforcement on dog phobic behavior exhibited by three children diagnosed with autism. The treatment package improved contact with dogs in analog and naturalistic settings and the improvements were maintained at follow-up and in generalization tests. Parents/caregivers also provided high consumer satisfaction reports.
Primary bilateral renal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as a cause of acute renal failure

症例は19歳男性. 1996年4月10日右側腹部痛が持続するため造影CTを撮影したところ, 右腎に8.5×6cm, 左腎に5×3cmの腫瘤が認められた. その後無尿となり, 嘔気出現. 急性腎不全の診断にて4月16日より血液透析を開始した. 腎腫瘍生検にて, B細胞性非ホジキン悪性リンパ腫と診断し, 化学療法 (CHOP) を施行した. 開始24時間後より利尿があり, 72時間後には血液透析より離脱できた. CHOP療法6クール施行後, CT上両側腎腫瘤は消失し, 腎機能は正常化した. 両側腎以外に明らかな悪性リンパ腫の浸潤部位はなく, 本症例は腎原発性悪性リンパ腫であると診断した. 腎実質にはリンパ組織が存在せず, 両側腎が原発となる例は極めて稀であるが, その場合は本症例のように急性腎不全を伴うことが多い. 予後1年以内の報告例が多いが, 本症例は化学療法のみにより完全に腎機能が回復した.
A Method for Demonstrating an Antidiuretic Action of Minute Amounts of Pitressin Statistical Analysis of Results.

SummarySingle rats rendered diuretic by water, and alcohol in sedative dosage, constitute a satisfactory biologic test for the antidiuretic action of pitressin. It is 10 times more sensitive than Walker's3 test, in which he used the diuretic rabbit; however, the required dose of pitressin per kilogram of animal is essentially the same. As an assay technic, using the same number of injections, ours is at least as reliable as the multiple rat test of Burn, 1 and as other tests available for antidiuretic substances.
MEASUREMENT OF BILE ACID SYNTHESIS BY THREE DIFFERENT METHODS IN HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIC AND CONTROL SUBJECTS

In hypertriglyceridemic subjects, bile acid synthesis measured by isotope dilution is consistently higher than synthesis measured by fecal acidic sterol output. To see which of these two measurements was the more accurate, we compared them to synthesis measured by release of 14CO2 from [26-14C]cholesterol. In 14 hypertriglyceridemic subjects, mean +/- SEM synthesis by the CO2 method was 1540 +/- 199 micromol/day, similar to values by fecal acidic sterol output (1660 +/- 295). Both were significantly lower than values by isotope dilution (2520 +/- 269, P = 0.0001 and 0.0015, respectively). In 12 normolipidemic controls, mean +/- SEM synthesis by the CO2 method was 1230 +/- 189 micromol/day, nearly identical to synthesis by fecal acidic sterols (1220 +/- 187). Both were somewhat less than synthesis by isotope dilution (1590 +/- 133), but in neither case were the differences statistically significant (P = 0.098 and 0.129, respectively). In 3 hypertriglyceridemic subjects, synthesis measured by the CO2 method increased by 42%, 44%, and 109% after 4 days of bile sampling, suggesting that the isotope dilution procedure actually stimulated synthesis. Fraction of bile acid not absorbed during daily enterohepatic cycling was 8.4 +/- 1.4% in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects compared to 4.9 +/- 0.8% in the normolipidemic controls (P = 0.037). We suggest that during sampling of bile for isotope dilution measurements, the terminal ileum is abruptly presented with a large bolus of unadulterated bile acid, both because of artificial stimulation of gallbladder contraction and return of surplus collected bile to the subject. In hypertriglyceridemia, because of an inefficient absorptive mechanism, this may result in unusual loss of bile acid with consequent stimulation of bile acid synthesis.
Serum epidemiological analysis of leptospirosis in Qingyuan city,Guangdong Province

To investigate the anti-leptospira antibodies and the flora changes of human beings and host animals with leptospirosis in Qingyuan,serological surveillance of Leptospirosis were carried out in Qingyuan from 1992 to 2009,which included the using of MAT method to detect anti-leptospira antibodies from serum samples of healthy people,suspect patients,mice,duck and dog,and the epidemic data of important infectious foci were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology method.The positive rate of anti-leptospira antibody of healthy people was 24.32%.The positive rates of anti-leptospira antibody of host animals such as mice,ducks and dogs were 22.53%,5.50% and 12.15%,respectively.Through the comparison of two periods,we found that the main dominant serotype was changed into Autumnalis in human beings and animals,which changed into Hebdomadis in ducks.The anti-leptospira antibodies of human beings and main host animals kept in a high level,the serology of Leptospira infection had changed in recent years,and the dominant serotype of Leptospira were Autumnalis in Qingyuan.Serology of Leptospira were identified which 8 species from ducks and 6 species from dogs.
The analysis of the epidemic situation of scrub typhus in Xiamen city from 2009 to 2012

Objective To understand the epidemic situation of scrub typhus in Xiamen city and establish the suitable prevention and control strategy. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the epidemiology of scrub typhus from 2009 to 2012 based on the data collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Results 143 cases were reported and the average annual incidence was 1. 18 /100 thousand in Xiamen city in 2009- 2012. There was a rise trend in the incidence of scrub typhus( P 0. 05). The incidence was 1. 66 /100 thousand in 2012,when the incidence was the highest. There was obvious seasonality in the onset of scrub typhus. The total amount of scrub typhus onset cases from June to September was the most,accounting for 76. 92%. There was no significant difference in the incidence between different genders( P 0. 05). The highest incidence of age was aged 60 and above age groups. The number of scrub typhus aged above 20 accounted for 90. 91%. Conclusion A rise trend and obvious seasonality in the incidence of scrub typhus are found in Xiamen. Health education is very important for controlling scrub typhus.
Punctuated anagenesis and the importance of stratigraphy to paleobiology

The depositional history of Upper Miocene through Recent sediments from DSDP Site 214 (Ninetyeast Ridge, Indian Ocean) is reexamined. Samples of the Globorotalia tumida planktic foraminiferal lineage, originally obtained from these sediments by Malmgren et al. (1983), serve as the empirical basis for the recognition of punctuated anagenesis as a distinct mode of phenotypic evolution and have been the subject of numerous additional investigations. However, conclusions reached by previous authors depend strictly on the validity of the original chronostratigraphic interpretation of these sediments. Graphic correlation analysis of first- and last-appearance datum levels for a total of 41 planktic foraminiferal, radiolarian, and calcareous nannoplankton taxa provides evidence for a more complex depositional history at this deep-sea site than originally believed. Based on a conservative model of variation in the pattern of sediment accumulation rates, the lowermost portion of the studied section (6.5-4.3 Ma) represents an interval of temporally condensed sediment accumulation (1.88 cm/1,000 yr) followed by an interval (4.3-2.8 Ma) of temporally expanded sediment accumulation (3.97 cm/1,000 yr). This interval, in turn, is followed by a depositional hiatus or an extremely condensed interval, at least 800,000 yr in duration, which is followed by another relatively condensed (1.36 cm/1,000 yr) interval from 2.0 Ma-Recent. Although this chronostratigraphic reinterpretation deviates substantially from the original, which recognized Site 214 as being both temporally continuous and exhibiting a constant sediment accumulation rate from the Upper Miocene through the Upper Pliocene, it is more consistent with expectations based on Neogene eustatic sea-level fluctuations and global surveys of Neogene hiatus distributions. Age assignments for samples of the Gr. tumida lineage based on the revised chronostratigraphic model reverse some findings of previous investigators with respect to the distinctiveness of phenotypic evolutionary rates characterizing the transition from Gr. plesiotumida to Gr. tumida. Finally, a brief survey of similar marine invertebrate lineage studies shows that changes in the rate of phenotypic evolution often appear to coincide with major physical changes in the paleoceanographic environment. Such correspondences may be due, at least in part, to the effect of these environmental changes on sediment accumulation rates. Paleobiologists who seek to understand patterns of phenotypic change over time must remove the effects of variations in sediment accumulation rates from their data before evolutionary hypothesis testing and remain aware of the limitations imposed on their interpretations by the uncertain nature of chronostratigraphic inference.
Strolling the Romantic City: Gardens, Panoramas, and Middle-Class Elites in Early Nineteenth-Century Prague

This chapter examines promenading and strolling among Prague’s middling classes in the early decades of the nineteenth century. Using topographies, guidebooks and lithographs, Bryant argues that walking challenged long-established ideas that nobles, the clergy and burghers should enjoy privileges denied to the general population. Promenading signalled the end of the old order and the emergence of a city increasingly dominated by a new class of civil servants, traders, intelligentsia and industrialists who embraced liberal ideas. Second, walking atop or beyond the walls challenged notions of Prague as a closed city whose residents lived within a self-contained, clearly-demarcated world. Standing atop the city’s surrounding hills, emerging elites imagined Prague as an urban space in harmony with its natural surroundings.
CBT Effective in Adolescents with Depression Who Do Not Want Medication.

Flibanserin produces a minimal effect on sexual desire and minimally increases the number of satisfying sexual events in women (less than one-half an event per month increase). Many women will be unable to tolerate the adverse effects.
Metamaterials with negative Poisson’s ratio and non-positive thermal expansion

Abstract Four metallic metamaterials with tailorable mechanical properties are designed using bi-material star-shaped re-entrant planar lattice structures, which do not involve pins, adhesive, welding or pressure-fit joints and can be fabricated through laser-based additive manufacturing. Three length parameters, one angle parameter and three material combinations are used as adjustable design parameters to explore structure-property relations. For each of the four designed metamaterials, the effects of the design parameters on the Poisson’s ratio (PR), coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), Young’s modulus and relative density are systematically investigated using unit cell-based finite element simulations that incorporate periodic boundary conditions. It is found that the bi-material lattice structures can be tailored to obtain 3-D printable metallic metamaterials with positive, near-zero or negative PR and CTE together with an uncompromised Young’s modulus. In particular, it is shown that metamaterial # 1 can exhibit both a negative PR and a non-positive CTE simultaneously. These metallic metamaterials can find applications in structures or devices such as antennas and precision instruments to reduce thermomechanical stresses and extend service lives.
#TeamLeadership: Leadership for Today’s Multicultural, Virtual, and Distributed Teams

Teams today face a vast number of challenges as they become increasingly diverse, distributed, and virtual, each of which can have its advantages and disadvantages in terms of influencing team functioning. Given these complexities, it is important to understand what factors may be able to help improve their performance and reduce the likelihood of critical errors. One proposed avenue for effectively facilitating teamwork in complex environments is that of team leadership. However, team leadership does not necessarily have to rely solely upon a single individual. Indeed, there may be multiple leaders on a team, with different members sharing leadership responsibilities or rotating leadership to ensure effectiveness, referred to as collective leadership. The purpose of the current chapter is to explore existing research as it may contribute to our understanding of how to best utilize collective team leadership as a mechanism for effectively working in the multicultural, distributed, and virtual environments of today.
Risk factors and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients during the peritransplant period

Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients represent a high-risk group for developing Clostridium difficile (CD) infection (CDI). We aimed to identify specific risk factors for CDI in an HSCT patient population during the peritransplant period. Methods We performed a case–control study within a cohort of HSCT patients who received a transplant from November 2010 to March 2013. Cases had a clinical presentation compatible with CDI and a positive stool sample Xpert® C. difficile test. Controls were CDI negative and matched on age, gender, and transplant type. Peritransplant period was defined as −30 days or time of stem cell mobilization maneuver to 30 days post transplant in autologous SCT or 90 days post transplant in allogeneic SCT. Results Of 781 HSCTs performed during the study period, 650 (83.2%) had a stool sample submitted for CD testing. Eight-six (13.2%) cases with CDI were identified. Most of the cases were diagnosed within a week after transplantation (median of 5 days). In adjusted analysis, prior hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.36), prior cephalosporin administration (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.54-4.83), and prior chemotherapy (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.92-5.5) were significantly associated with CDI. Conclusions Hospitalization, and prior antibiotic and chemotherapy use are risk factors that are not easily modifiable, which emphasizes the need to start investigating preventive or prophylactic strategies in this high-risk population.
Acute Idiopathic Gastric Distension Causing Atrioventricular Block and Cardiogenic Shock.

Abstract Background We report a rare case of acute idiopathic gastric dilatation with associated severe bradycardia and shock. Case Report A 69-year-old woman presented to the emergency department (ED) with complaint of chest pain and dyspnea. The patient required transvenous cardiac pacing for profound bradycardia and cardiogenic shock. After a negative emergent cardiac catheterization, a flat plate abdominal x-ray study demonstrated massive gastric dilatation, prompting nasogastric tube placement, with subsequent rapid improvement of the patient's cardiovascular and metabolic instability. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? This case highlights the rare though potentially catastrophic complications of acute gastric dilatation, and benefits of early intervention with gastric decompression.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Atrial fibrillation (AF), an accruing epidemic, is projected to have an incidence of approximately 16 million by 2050. A 15% increase in the hospitalization rate for AF was reported during the past decade implying significant burden on health care delivery system. According to the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines for management of AF, catheter ablation is indicated in patients with symptomatic, paroxysmal AF who have not responded to or tolerated antiarrhythmic medications and in selected patients with symptomatic, paroxysmal AF prior to a trial of medical therapy, provided that it can be performed at an experienced center. In this chapter, we summarize the state of the art of catheter ablation and how it may utilized to its maximum advantage in patients with this common arrhythmia.
International Intellectual Property: Problems, Cases, and Materials (Preface/Table of Contents)

The third edition of Chow and Lee’s International Intellectual Property: Problems, Cases, and Materials will be published by West in late November 2017. This popular casebook is notable for its logical structure and organization, clear and precise expositions of the law, carefully selected and edited cases from the United States, the EU, the World Trade Organization, and other countries, manageable size for a two or three credit course, and numerous short and engaging problems. The attached document contains the preface, summary of contents, and the table of contents of the new edition.
Challenges of centralizing cancer care in the US.

•Socioeconomic inequalities persist in cancer survival in the United States.•Centralization of cancer care has occurred in different countries in the world.•Centralization of cancer care in the United States may reduce disparities.
Using Flow Charts With General Mathematics Classes.

ONE of the problems facing teachers of mathematics in inner-city schools is to find materials with which to begin a course in general mathematics. Since many of the textbooks just repeat material that has led to previous failure, many teachers find that their main source of material has been taken away. To use this same material as a starting point will lead slow learners to ignore the teacher. We need a special kind of material to start a semester. This material must be different The same material over again is useless with these youngsters. The mate rial must be within reach of their capaci ties. They must be able to achieve success. Years of repeated failure in mathematics have made them feel an antagonism to any mathematics class. The material selected should have some prestige value for these youngsters, to help them think more highly of themselves. And, last but not least, it must be good mathematics! Beginning a semester with a unit on flow charts is probably something that few teachers have ever considered, and yet it is material that meets all these criteria. Although there has been little available for teachers of general mathematics in this area, there is a growing movement toward flow charts as a valuable unit for use with disadvantaged youngsters. Stated simply, a flow chart is a visual outline of the logical series of steps to be performed in order to solve a problem. Flow charts are widely used in preparing problems for computer programming, which gives this topic a modern, romantic, computer oriented air, something desirable in these general mathematics classes. In drawing flow charts, we use a tem plate with some of the standard flow chart symbols. Many computer companies have these templates available at little or no charge. It is also possible to have the class make a template for each child from oak tagboard or poster board. However, you should weigh the cost in class time and materials against the cost of purchas ing commercially made templates for each student. The basic symbols for flow chart ing are shown in figure 1.
Universal dental adhesives: Current status, laboratory testing, and clinical performance

Increasing demand for simplified and user-friendly adhesive systems has led to the development of a new class of adhesives termed as Universal Adhesives (UAs). The term "Universal" reflects manufacturers' claims that these adhesives can be applied with any adhesion strategy and offer the versatility of use with a variety of direct and indirect restorative materials. The aim of this review was to synthesize the literature regarding the current status of UAs, their adhesion potential to various substrates and their performance in different restorative situations. In vitro studies, clinical trials and systematic reviews were identified utilizing controlled vocabulary and keyword searches in Medline and EMBASE databases. About 282 studies (272 in vitro studies; 11 clinical studies) were included. Available laboratory and clinical evidence does not support the claim that UAs can be used with any adhesive strategy. Although, they can chemically bond to various tooth and direct/indirect restorative substrates, the stability of this bond is material-dependent and subject to hydrolytic degradation. Hence, additional measures are still needed to ensure long-term durability. which undermines the versatility of UAs. The lack of long-term data regarding the clinical performance of UAs further complicates clinical decision-making. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2121-2131, 2019.
Sensitivity of voice-onset time (VOT) measures to certain segmental features in speech production

Abstract: Voice-onset time (VOT) associated with the initial consonant of CVC words was measured as certain features of the vowel and final consonant were varied systematically. Specifically the experimental manipulations included varying of the tense/lax distinction of vowels and the voicing characteristic of the final consonant. Three subjects recorded each of 36 test words five times, as spoken in the carrier frame Say — instead. VOT and vowel duration measurements were obtained from spectrographic displays, and showed that (1) VOT was longer when the vowel was tense, as compared to lax, regardless of the voicing characteristic of the final consonant, (2) VOT was longer when the final consonant was voiced, as compared to voiceless, and (3) the VOT difference between words in which the vowel is tense and final consonant voiced, as compared to those in which the vowel is lax and final consonant voiceless, is an additive function of the effects noted in (1) and (2) above. Further analysis failed to reveal a meaningful covariance between VOT and vowel duration, so the feasability of linguistic and/or physiological explanations for these data is discussed.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Polycythemia in Hypogonadal Men on Testosterone Replacement Therapy.

Abstract Background Polycythemia (erythrocytosis) is a known side effect of testosterone (T) replacement therapy (TRT) and appears to correlate with maximum T levels. There is also a well-established association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the development of polycythemia, which confers additional long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Synergy between TRT and OSA in the development of polycythemia remains poorly understood. Aim The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the relationship of OSA and secondary polycythemia in hypogonadal men receiving TRT. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all men treated by a single provider from 2015 to 2019 for the diagnosis of hypogonadism. Patients who developed a hematocrit of 52% or greater were classified as having polycythemia. OSA was identified via clinical documentation or use of nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure. Demographics, laboratory values, treatment details, and comorbidities were recorded. Data were reported as mean ± SD for parametric variables and median [interquartile range] for non-parametric values. Outcome The primary outcome of this study was the association between OSA and polycythemia in hypogonadal men on TRT. Results 474 men were included in this study. 62/474 (13.1%) men met the criteria for the diagnosis of polycythemia with a median hematocrit of 53.6 [interquartile range 52.6, 55.5]. Univariate analysis demonstrated a strong positive association between polycythemia and the concomitant diagnosis of OSA in hypogonadal men (P = .002). Even after correcting for age, body mass index (BMI), and peak T levels in the multivariate analysis (P = .01), this relationship remained significant with an odds ratio of 2.09 [95% CI 1.17, 3.76]. 37 men on TRT with polycythemia and OSA were included in the final cohort with a mean age of 59.2 ± 11.4 years, mean BMI of 32.4 ± 6.0, and median time from TRT initiation to polycythemia diagnosis of 3 years. All patients diagnosed with OSA were prescribed continuous positive airway pressure with poor compliance noted in 52.8% of men. 37.8% were managed via phlebotomy and 59.5% were managed via dose de-escalation of TRT. In hypogonadal men on TRT with polycythemia, BMI was the only risk factor strongly associated with OSA (P = .013). Clinical Translation In hypogonadal men (particularly those with elevated BMI) on TRT who develop secondary polycythemia, a diagnosis of OSA should be strongly considered. Strengths & Limitations This is a single provider retrospective study and further studies are needed to assess generalizability. Conclusions In this retrospective single-center cohort, the development of polycythemia in hypogonadal men on TRT was associated with an increased prevalence of OSA. Lundy SD, Parekh NV, Shoskes DA. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Polycythemia in Hypogonadal Men on Testosterone Replacement Therapy. J Sex Med 2020;17:1297–1303.
Simulation of the complex dynamics of mean-field p -spin models using measurement-based quantum feedback control

We study the application of a new method for simulating nonlinear dynamics of many-body spin systems using quantum measurement and feedback [Mu\~noz-Arias et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 110503 (2020)] to a broad class of many-body models known as $p$-spin Hamiltonians, which describe Ising-like models on a completely connected graph with $p$-body interactions. The method simulates the desired mean-field dynamics in the thermodynamic limit by combining nonprojective measurements of a component of the collective spin with a global rotation conditioned on the measurement outcome. We apply this protocol to simulate the dynamics of the $p$-spin Hamiltonians and demonstrate how different aspects of criticality in the mean-field regime are readily accessible with our protocol. We study applications including properties of dynamical phase transitions and the emergence of spontaneous symmetry breaking in the adiabatic dynamics of the collective spin for different values of the parameter $p$. We also demonstrate how this method can be employed to study the quantum-to-classical transition in the dynamics continuously as a function of system size.
A temporal relationship between nonmedical opioid Use and major depression in the U.S.: A Prospective study from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

Abstract Background Given the existing strong cross-sectional relationship between nonmedical opioid use (NMOU) and major depressive disorder (MDD), this study focused on the temporal relationship between NMOU and major depression. Methods Data sources were derived from Wave 1 and Wave 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression was applied to predicted NMOU at the follow-up survey based on baseline MDD diagnosis and symptoms of MDD among the sample without lifetime NMOU at baseline (N=32,982). In parallel, we examined the relationship between past year NMOU at baseline and new onset of MDD diagnosis (N=28,649) and between past year NMOU at baseline and new onset of symptoms of MDD (N=23,214) among people without major depression diagnosis or symptoms at baseline. Results MDD diagnosis (aOR=1.68, 95% CI=1.43, 1.98) and symptoms of major depression (aOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.14, 1.38) at baseline were associated with higher odds of incident NMOU. The baseline NMOU was associated with lower odds incident MDD diagnosis (aOR=0.79, 95%CI=0.66, 0.94) in the adjusted model. However, the baseline NMOU was associated with higher odds of new onset of major depressive symptoms at wave 2 in the sample without baseline symptoms of MDD (aOR=1.42, 95%CI=1.23, 1.63). Conclusion Symptoms of MDD and MDD diagnosis increased the new onset of NMOU, while NMOU only increased the risks of new onset of symptoms of MDD.
Double Jeopardy Issues in the Financial Sector; Outside Counsel

Double jeopardy issues arise regularly in the financial, banking and commodities industries where both civil and criminal statutes and penalties are used in successive prosecutions by federal and state governments to sanction the same conduct. Recent Supreme Court and federal court decisions have established new standards for determining when civil fines and other civil penalties constitute “punishment” for purposes of the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment. These decisions indicate that where a civil penalty imposed by a federal or state actor bears no “rational relation” to any actual damages caused, the penalty will be characterized as punishment for purposes of the double jeopardy clause. Even a penalty imposed pursuant to a civil statute that is rationally related to actual damages caused may nonetheless be considered punishment if it is designed, even in part, to serve both remedial and punitive functions.
Rejection-associated Mitochondrial Impairment After Heart Transplantation.

Background Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with poor allograft prognosis. Mitochondrial-related gene expression (GE) in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) could be useful as a nonimmune functional marker of rejection. We hypothesize that acute cardiac allograft rejection is associated with decreased mitochondrial-related GE in EMBs. Methods We collected 64 routines or clinically indicated EMB from 47 patients after heart transplant. The EMBs were subjected to mRNA sequencing. We conducted weighted gene coexpression network analysis to construct module-derived eigengenes. The modules were assessed by gene ontology enrichment and hub gene analysis. Modules were correlated with the EMBs following the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation histology-based criteria and a classification based on GE alone; we also correlated with clinical parameters. Results The modules enriched with mitochondria-related and immune-response genes showed the strongest correlation to the clinical traits. Compared with the no-rejection samples, rejection samples had a decreased activity of mitochondrial-related genes and an increased activity of immune-response genes. Biologic processes and hub genes in the mitochondria-related modules were primarily involved with energy generation, substrate metabolism, and regulation of oxidative stress. Compared with International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria, GE-based classification had stronger correlation to the weighted gene coexpression network analysis-derived functional modules. The brain natriuretic peptide level, ImmuKnow, and Allomap scores had negative relationships with the expression of mitochondria-related modules and positive relationships with immune-response modules. Conclusions During acute cardiac allograft rejection, there was a decreased activity of mitochondrial-related genes, related to an increased activity of immune-response genes, and depressed allograft function manifested by brain natriuretic peptide elevation. This suggests a rejection-associated mitochondrial impairment.
Latent profile transition analyses and growth mixture models: A very non‐technical guide for researchers in child and adolescent development

Developmental scientists are often interested in subgroups of people who share commonalities in aspects of development; these subgroups often cannot be captured directly but instead must be inferred from other information. Mixture models can be used in these situations. Two specific types of mixture models, latent profile transition analyses and growth mixture models, are highly relevant to developmental science because they can identify subgroups of people who are similar in their patterns of change. This guide highlights foundational aspects of these two types of models and is intended for readers who have not previously conducted either an LPTA or a GMM, or perhaps no mixture model analyses at all. It includes four primary sections. The first focuses on understanding mixture models conceptually and applying that knowledge to identifying appropriate research questions. The second section addresses data requirements, including planning for data collection or evaluating the suitability of previously collected data, and data preparation. The third section focuses on conducting analyses, with step-by-step instructions and syntax, and the final section discusses presenting the results. I illustrate these concepts and procedures with an example data set and research questions derived from the Five Cs model of positive youth development.
The role of social media in clubfoot: information sharing and social support.

Purpose Clubfoot is the most common congenital foot deformity in children. Caregivers often seek medical information on the internet. The aim of the study was to characterize how social media is us...
A myo-inositol bioassay utilizing an auxotrophic strain of S. cerevisiae.

Abstract Myo -inositol is a six‑carbon sugar that is essential for the growth of mammalian cells and must be obtained through either extracellular uptake or de novo biosynthesis . The physiological importance of myo -inositol stems from its incorporation into phosphoinositides and inositol phosphates , which serve a variety of signaling, regulatory, and structural roles in cells. To study myo-inositol metabolism and function, it is essential to have a reliable method for assaying myo-inositol levels. However, current approaches to assay myo-inositol levels are time-consuming, expensive, and often unreliable. This article describes a simple new myo-inositol bioassay that utilizes an auxotrophic strain of S. cerevisiae to measure myo-inositol concentration in solutions. The accuracy of this method was confirmed by comparing assay values to those obtained by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). It is easy to perform, inexpensive, does not require sophisticated equipment, and is specific for myo-inositol.
Evaluation of Patient Expectations before Carpal Tunnel Release.

Background Carpal tunnel release (CTR) is common, yet patient treatment expectations remain unclear. The primary purpose was to describe patient expectations before CTR. Secondarily, we aimed to identify factors influencing expectations. Methods Included patients underwent unilateral or bilateral CTR between 2015 and 2017 at a single academic center. Expectations regarding the level of relief/improvement were queried. Area deprivation index (ADI) was used to measure social deprivation. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with expecting great relief/improvement. Results Of 307 included patients, mean age was 54 ± 16 years and 63% were women. Patients most commonly expected great (58%) or some (23%) relief/improvement. Few patients expected little (3%) or no (4%) relief/improvement, and 13% had no expectations. In the multivariable analysis, male sex, lower social deprivation, and lower BMI were associated with expecting great relief/improvement. Age, surgical technique (open versus endoscopic), use of the operating room versus procedure room, and preoperative factors (constant numbness, weakness/atrophy, duration of symptoms, and QuickDASH) were not associated with expectations. Conclusions Most patients expect some to great improvement after CTR. This was independent of several factors with a known association with worse outcomes (advanced age, atrophy/weakness, and constant numbness). Male sex was associated with the expectation of great improvement, in which superior outcomes relative to females have not been borne out in the literature. These findings highlight patient counseling opportunities. The observed association between social deprivation and expectations warrants further investigation, as the socioeconomically disadvantaged experience worse healthcare outcomes in general.
Adrenergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: Ultrastructure and synaptic relations with other transmitter-identified neurons

The first part of this chapter demonstrates that the C1 adrenergic neurons have high mitochondrial content and a close proximity to capillaries and glia suggestive of a high metabolic activity and a possible chemosensory function. Adrenergic terminals arising primarily from these neurons (1) can influence sympathetic nerve discharge through direct contacts on sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the IML of the spinal cord; and (2) are one of the more prevalent synaptic inputs to the principally noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus. In both the IML and locus coeruleus, adrenergic terminals may be either excitatory (asymmetric synapses) or inhibitory (symmetric synapses) depending on their distribution on the post-synaptic target. The second part of this chapter shows that C1 adrenergic neurons in the RVL are modulated by synaptic associations with a variety of transmitter systems (see schematic Fig. 8). Specifically, C1 adrenergic neurons receive (1) major inhibitory input (symmetric synapses) from GABA-ergic and opioid terminals as well as from unidentified (unlabelled) transmitter-containing terminals; (2) major excitatory input (asymmetric synapses) from terminals containing substance P as well as other unidentified terminals and (3) minor inputs from cholinergic, adrenergic and noradrenergic pathways. Moreover, cholinergic terminals in the RVL form symmetric synapses mainly on unidentified transmitter-containing neurons rather than the C1 neurons suggesting that the reported cardiovascular effects of cholinergic agents in the RVL are most likely mediated via inhibitory interneurons. Within the RVL, adrenergic and noradrenergic terminals innervate cholinergic and opioid neurons. Thus, these results not only provide direct evidence that a number of transmitters modulate the activity of C1 adrenergic neurons, but also suggest new directions for studies of functional interactions involving catecholaminergic regulation of other transmitter-containing neurons within the RVL.
Abstract P392: Childhood Risk Factors and Adulthood Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension: The Bogalusa Heart Study

Background: Hypertension in pregnancy is an important cause of both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Whether hypertension in pregnancy has its risk factor(s) in childhood is not known. The objective of this study was to examine the association between childhood risk factors and hypertension in pregnancy later in life. Methods: A nested case-control analysis was performed based on the longitudinal Bogalusa Heart Study cohort (67% white and 33% black), with an average follow-up period of 26.2 years. Cases were defined as women who had hypertension during pregnancy and had normal blood pressure measurements after the pregnancy (n=82). Controls were defined as women with normal blood pressure without hypertension in pregnancy (n=454). Childhood risk factors included body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, and triglycerides. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confide...
Determination of imipenem and cilastatin sodium in Primaxin® by first order derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Abstract A UV-spectrophotometric assay to measure the concentrations of the active drug components (imipenem and cilastatin) or Primaxin® for routine release testing is described. The assay is based on the use of first order derivative spectrophotometry. The trough amplitudes in the first derivative spectrophotometric spectra at 243 and 318 nm were selected to determine cilastatin and imipenem, respectively. A linear relationship (R > 0.99) between the trough amplitudes and concentrations was demonstrated over the range 14–42 μg ml−1 for both drug components. Commercial IV formulations and laboratory prepared mixtures containing both drugs in different proportions were assayed using the developed method with good recoveries (ave. 100.6%). The method is rapid, precise, accurate and was shown to be equivalent to the more time consuming LC method; which is currently used for routine release testing. The specificity and stability indicating properties of the method will also be addressed.
Completing the conformal boundary of a simply connected Lorentz surface

This paper extends Kulkarni's conformal boundary ∂L for a simply connected Lorentz surface £ to a compact conformal boundary ∂ c L. The procedure used is analogous to Caratheodory's construction (in the definite metric setting) of prime ends from the accessible points of a bounded simply connected planar domain. The space ∂ c L of conformal boundary elements is homeomorphic to the circle, and contains Kulkarni's conformal boundary ∂L as a dense subspace.
Psychiatric implications of therapeutic abortion.

Abstract Thirty-two therapeutic abortions carried out over a 6 year period have been reviewed with a special emphasis on psychiatric evaluation. There has been a 1 to 5 year follow-up study of 24 patients. Within the limits of this study, no psychiatric sequelae were detected.
Variable affinity of the (Na+ + K+)-dependent adenosine triphosphatase for potassium: Studies using beryllium inactivation

Abstract Inactivation of the (Na + + K + )-dependent ATPase by 50 μ m BeCl 2 occurred during brief incubations in the presence of both Mg 2+ and K + . Inactivation followed, initially, a first-order time course, with rate constants sensitive to the concentration of K + (other components held constant). From these data dissociation constants can be calculated for K + binding to sites controlling inactivation. Comparisons of relative affinities for K + analogs (T1 + and NH 4 + ), and of sensitivity to reagents altering K + activation (phlorizin and dimethylsulfoxide) indicate that the same K + sites operate for both Be 2+ inactivation and enzyme activation. With 3 m m MgCl 2 the dissociation constant, K D , for K + was 1.4 m m , but decreased 20-fold on addition of both Na + and CTP. Alone, Na + increased the apparent K D for K + , either by direct competition or indirectly from its own site, with a K D of 7 m m . The data suggest a model for K + transport with K + sites on the outer membrane surface that increase in affinity after formation of the phosphorylated enzyme intermediate, sufficiently to bind K + in a high Na + environment. Translocation may occur by an “oscillating pore” mechanism discharging K + at the inner surface, while leaving demonstrable sites of moderate affinity at the outer end of the pore (which preclude attempts to document low-affinity discharge sites).