cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chapter 26 - Musicogenic epilepsy

Musicogenic epilepsy, which is a form of reflex epilepsy, is characterized by the triggering of epileptic seizures by specific music experiences. Individuals with musicogenic epilepsy differ in the music trigger, but may have similar seizures. Typically, these seizures are focal dyscognitive and have a temporal-lobe origin with a limbic system distribution. As such, the music trigger is likely related to either an emotional or memory aspect of music perception. Investigations into musicogenic epilepsy may lead to a better understanding of seizure propagation within the brain and of neurologic aspects of the music experience. Successful treatment of medication-resistant musicogenic epilepsy has been achieved with anterior temporal-lobe resection.
Investigation of fast timing capabilities of silicon sensors for the CMS high granularity calorimeter at HL-LHC

The High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL) is the technology choice of the CMS collaboration for the endcap calorimetry upgrade planned to cope with the harsh radiation and unprecedented in-time event pileup projected at the High Luminosity-LHC era. In this context, profiting from fast-timing information with a resolution of a few tens of picoseconds embedded in the calorimeter would represent a unique capability for resolving information from individual collisions at the HL-LHC. This will enhance the reconstruction and physics capabilities of the CMS detector in terms of pileup mitigation and particle identification. The HGCAL is realized as a sampling calorimeter that uses silicon sensors as its active elements. Prototype sensors were tested with high-energy electron beams at the CERN SPS, and at the FNAL FTBF test beam facilities. We present the motivation for this studies including the concept and use of fast-timing in the HGCAL, and the measured intrinsic timing capabilities of silicon sensors for electromagnetic showers and minimum-ionizing particles.
Sharks upon the Land: Colonialism, Indigenous Health, and Culture in Hawai'i, 1778–1855

Historian Seth Archer traces the cultural impact of disease and health problems in the Hawaiian Islands from the arrival of Europeans to 1855. Colonialism in Hawaiʻi began with epidemiological incursions, and Archer argues that health remained the national crisis of the islands for more than a century. Introduced diseases resulted in reduced life spans, rising infertility and infant mortality, and persistent poor health for generations of Islanders, leaving a deep imprint on Hawaiian culture and national consciousness. Scholars have noted the role of epidemics in the depopulation of Hawaiʻi and broader Oceania, yet few have considered the interplay between colonialism, health, and culture - including Native religion, medicine, and gender. This study emphasizes Islanders' own ideas about, and responses to, health challenges on the local level. Ultimately, Hawaiʻi provides a case study for health and culture change among Indigenous populations across the Americas and the Pacific.
Socially Responsible NLP

As language technologies have become increasingly prevalent, there is a growing awareness that decisions we make about our data, methods, and tools are often tied up with their impact on people and societies. This tutorial will provide an overview of real-world applications of language technologies and the potential ethical implications associated with them. We will discuss philosophical foundations of ethical research along with state of the art techniques. Through this tutorial, we intend to provide the NLP researcher with an overview of tools to ensure that the data, algorithms, and models that they build are socially responsible. These tools will include a checklist of common pitfalls that one should avoid (e.g., demographic bias in data collection), as well as methods to adequately mitigate these issues (e.g., adjusting sampling rates or de-biasing through regularization). The tutorial is based on a new course on Ethics and NLP developed at Carnegie Mellon University.
Pricing Strategies in the Electronic Marketplace

In this chapter, I review prices and firms’ pricing strategies on the Internet through a broad survey of recent literatures on economics, information system, and marketing. In both empirical and theoretical studies, I carefully identify two causes of price dispersion, a pervasive and persistent phenomenon observed in many homogenous product markets: market friction and product differentiation. In experimental studies, I document pricing strategies arising from both laboratory and field experiments. Finally, recent studies of online pricing issues using international data are also exposited.
Long term perifusion of rabbit ovarian follicles.

Preovulatory follicles were dissected from ovaries of estrous rabbits. Four follicles were placed in each chamber of a perifusion system. Medium 199, containing 10% rabbit serum and antibiotics, eluted through the chambers at a rate of 1 ml/10 min. Every 6 h for 36 h, 1 µg of LH and 50 ng of FSH were injected into each chamber. P4, T and E2 were measured in the medium. P4 exhibited a peak after each of the injections at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 h. E2 and T gave major peaks after the injection at 0 time, with minor peaks after the injection at 6 h; thereafter T and E2 secretion gradually decreased to levels below those of baseline.
Abstract P143: Hypertension and Inflammation-Related microRNAs

microRNAs (miRs) are short single stranded noncoding RNAs that are involved in the regulation of a number of physiological and pathological processes. miRs down regulate target gene expression post-transcriptionally by degrading messenger RNA and/or by blocking translation. It is now recognized that miRs play a key role in regulating inflammation, vascular health and in-turn, cardiovascular disease (CVD). For example, altered expression of specific miRs such as, miR-126, miR-146a and miR-150 have been linked with heightened vascular inflammation and CVD risk. Hypertension is associated with increased inflammatory burden. The mechanisms underlying blood pressure-related inflammatory stress are not fully understood. It is currently unknown whether inflammation-related miRs are dysregulated with elevated blood pressure. Accordingly, the aim of this ongoing study is to determine the influence of hypertension, independent of other risk factors, on circulating expression of miR-34a, miR-92a, miR -126, miR-146a and miR-150. To date, 28 sedentary, middle-aged adults have been studied: 14 normotensive (NT; 12M/2F; age: 53±1 yr; BP: 114/71±2/1 mmHg) and 14 hypertensive (HT; 12M/2F; 56±2 yr; 142/90±2/2 mmHg). All subjects were non-smokers, normolipidemic, non-medicated and free of overt CVD. Circulating expression of miRs was determined in plasma using standard RT-PCR techniques with miR primers of interest. Expression was normalized to exogenous C. elegans miR-39 and reported as relative expression in arbitrary units (AU). Circulating expression of miR-126 (0.14±0.03 vs 0.33±0.04 AU) and miR-150 (0.06±0.02 vs 0.12±0.02 AU) were markedly lower (~135% and 100%, respectively; P
Effectiveness of supercritical-CO2 and N2 huff-and-puff methods of enhanced oil recovery in shale fracture networks using microfluidic experiments

Abstract Current oil recovery methods in hydraulically fractured shale reservoirs have a low recovery efficiency of about 10%. The objective of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide in the huff-and-puff method for enhanced oil recovery as a means to re-energize reservoirs and improve recovery rates. We conduct direct visualization experiments with a microfluidic system to reveal the mechanisms and to quantify the recovery rates of oil from fracture networks. We compared the effectiveness of water, nitrogen and supercritical carbon dioxide at reservoir conditions in a process mimicking the huff-and-puff method in both dead-end and connected fracture systems. The microfluidic chips were made of glass and placed in a confining pressure system pressurized to 10 MPa, 50 °C. The system was allowed to equilibrate, and then depressurized to simulate huff-and-puff oil recovery. Fluorescence microscope images were continuously taken to visualize and calculate residual oil saturation as a function of pressure drawdown. As the system was depressurized from 10 MPa, gas exsolution from the oil liquid phase, including bubble nucleation, growth, and coalescence, appeared to be the main driver for mobilizing oil from the fracture networks. Injection of supercritical CO2 resulted in the highest recovery rate with an average end-point recovery of about 90% in the connected fracture network and 60% in the dead-end fracture network. N2 has lower solubility in oil and hence showed a lower recovery rate of 40% in the connected fracture network and 25% in the dead-end fracture network. Injection of water had no effect on oil mobilization since water is insoluble, immiscible and incompressible. The main mechanism of enhanced recovery was gas exsolution from the liquid phase as pressure was decreased below the bubble point pressure. Because the gas was distributed throughout the oil phase, bubble nucleation, growth, coalescence, and elongation occurred throughout the fracture network. Expansion of the gas forced oil out of the network through piston displacement in continuous oil areas and film flow in the dispersed oil areas. Bubbles began as spheres and grew until they touched the fracture walls where they elongated along the fracture length. The bubble growth rate depended on local mass transfer from liquid to gas phase and gas volume expansion due to pressure drop. The efficiency of the huff-and-puff process is dependent on the solubility and miscibility of the injection fluid with oil. High gas solubility allows for more bubble nucleation, growth and expansion during the depressurization cycle.
POWER-SUPPRESSED THERMAL EFFECTS FROM HEAVY PARTICLES

In quantum field theory, heavy particles with mass M much greater than the temperature T give not only effects suppressed by the Boltzmann factor e-M/T, but also effects suppressed by powers of T/M. We show that power-suppressed terms in equilibrium observables arise from effective interactions among light particles due to virtual heavy particles. We study a model introduced by Matsumoto and Yoshimura in which heavy bosons interact only through a term that allows pair annihilation into light particles. We construct an effective Lagrangian for the light field by integrating out the heavy field, and use it to calculate the leading power-suppressed terms in the energy density. The thermal average of the Hamiltonian density for the heavy field includes a term proportional to T6/M2, but we show that this term can be eliminated by a field redefinition and therefore cannot have any physical significance.
PxStream: Remote Visualization for Distributed Rendering Frameworks

When dealing with extremely large data sets or computationally expensive rendering pipelines, local workstations may not be able to render the full data set or maintain interactive frame rates. In these cases, high-performance graphics clusters can be leveraged for distributed rendering. However, this traditionally has removed real-time feedback from the visualization system. In order to harness the power of distributed rendering and the real-time nature of local rendering, we developed PxStream — a streaming framework to transfer dynamically rendered images from high-performance graphics clusters to remote machines in real-time. PxStream clients can range from a standard computer with single monitor to a cluster-driven tiled display wall. Additionally, the PxStream server supports multiple concurrent endpoints to allow collaborators at different physical locations to simultaneously view the image stream. Initial tests demonstrate that PxStream can simultaneously stream 66 megapixel images to two locations at nearly 50 frames per second. Index Terms: Human-centered computing—Visualization; Human-centered computing—Collaborative and social computing; Theory of computation—Distributed algorithms.
Abstract P005: GRK4 Inhibitors Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Growth And Potentiate The Inhibitory Effect Of Dopaminergic D 1 Receptor Agonist SKF38393

The renal dopaminergic D1 receptor (D1R) regulates sodium excretion which is terminated by phosphorylation by G protein-coupled receptor kinases 4 (GRK4). GRK4 gene variants are associated with inc...
M Dwarf Rotation from the K2 Young Clusters to the Field. I. A Mass–Rotation Correlation at 10 Myr

Recent observations of the low-mass (0.1−0.6 M⊙) rotation distributions of the Pleiades and Praesepe clusters have revealed a ubiquitous correlation between mass and rotation, such that late M dwarfs rotate an order-of-magnitude faster than early M dwarfs. In this paper, we demonstrate that this mass–rotation correlation is present in the 10 Myr Upper Scorpius association, as revealed by new K2rotation measurements. Using rotational evolution models, we show that the low-mass rotation distribution of the 125 Myr Pleiades cluster can only be produced if it hosted an equally strong mass–rotation correlation at 10 Myr. This suggests that physical processes important in the early pre-main sequence (PMS; star formation, accretion, disk-locking) are primarily responsible for the M dwarf rotation morphology, and not quirks of later angular momentum (AM) evolution. Such early mass trends must be taken into account when constructing initial conditions for future studies of stellar rotation. Finally, we show that the average M star loses ~25%–40% of its AM between 10 and 125 Myr, a figure accurately and generically predicted by modern solar-calibrated wind models. Their success rules out a lossless PMS and validates the extrapolation of magnetic wind laws designed for solar-type stars to the low-mass regime at early times.
Cryo-Electron Tomography and Automatic Segmentation of Cultured Hippocampal Neurons

Cryo-electron tomography is fast becoming a preferred method for studying intracellular environments at the molecular scale. Increases in data collection throughput means that large numbers of tomograms can be generated at rates too fast for humans to easily explore quantitatively. Currently, there is a large effort to make data collection and segmentation tools more automated. Here, we describe a workflow for preparing cultured neurons on electron microscopy grids, batch tomographic data collection, reconstruction and automatic segmentation using freely and commercially available software.
The Drift Diffusion Model can account for the accuracy and reaction time of value-based choices under high and low time pressure

An important open problem is how values are compared to make simple choices. A natural hypothesis is that the brain carries out the computations associated with the value comparisons in a manner consistent with the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM), since this model has been able to account for a large amount of data in other domains. We investigated the ability of four different versions of the DDM to explain the data in a real binary food choice task under conditions of high and low time pressure. We found that a seven-parameter version of the DDM can account for the choice and reaction time data with high-accuracy, in both the high and low time pressure conditions. The changes associated with the introduction of time pressure could be traced to changes in two key model parameters: the barrier height and the noise in the slope of the drift process.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Western Hemisphere Isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei: Phenotypic and Genomic Analyses

Current antimicrobial treatment recommendations for melioidosis, the disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, are largely based on studies of strains isolated from the Eastern Hemisphere (EH), ...
HPV vaccination and factors influencing vaccine uptake among people of Indian ancestry living in the United States.

126Background: Despite HPV vaccine availability, approximately one-third of annual global cervical cancer deaths occur in India. This may be related to cultural norms that lead to vaccine hesitancy...
Evaluation Of The Transient Plasma Ignition Of Methane/Air Under Lean-Burn Conditions

Transient plasma ignition (TPI) has recently been attracting more attention due to the combination of its much larger volume ignition kernels and the generation of active radicals, which stabilizes the initial stage of the combustion by the enhancement of flame propagation rates compared with conventional spark ignition. In this study, TPI early flame propagation characteristics were investigated for near-atmospheric stoichiometric and lean mixtures of methane and air. Transient plasma was generated by applying nanosecond (pulse duration 10 – 12 ns), high-voltage (6 – 10 kV) pulses between two opposed pin-to-pin configurations with a gap distance of 3 mm residing within a custom-built constant volume combustion vessel. The delay to ignition and peak pressure as a function of voltage, air-fuel mixture rate (ϕ = 0.6 – 1.0), and pulse repetition frequency (PRF) of 1 – 10 kHz were evaluated. The early flame propagation and the discharge streamer phenomena were investigated via high-speed schlieren images as well as examining nanosecond pulses’ voltage-current waveform sequences. It is showed that a leaner mixture could reduce the ignition voltage range. The experiment results showed that higher PRF has potential advantages such as higher peak pressure, shorter ignition delay, faster flame propagation speed, smaller energy consumption, and leaner condition compared to conventional spark ignition.
Determinants of the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response to Vitamin D Supplements

Supplemental vitamin D is now widely recommended, but little guidance is provided on how or when to take vitamin D supplements. The process of vitamin D replacement is complicated by the fact that the increment in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in response to a given dose varies greatly from person to person. This chapter will examine the factors associated with the 25OHD response to supplementation with vitamin D, including genetic determinants, the starting 25OHD level, body mass index, and gastric acid production. It will also consider the effects of a meal and of meal composition with respect to cholesterol and phytosterol intake and the amount and type of dietary fat on the 25OHD response to supplementation.
URBAN TRAVEL DEMAND MODELS WITH COMPETITIVE MODES

The principles of microeconomics and consumer demand theory are utilized to form the mathematical structure of urban travel demand models. Competition between the automobile and four different public transportation mode options is considered. The automobile, which competes with one of the public transport options in a transit corridor, is assumed to make up a competitive mode model system. A stepwise linear regression procedure has been used to calibrate and test statistical significance of each competitive mode model system. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to evaluate the effect of multicollinearity upon model parameter estimates. A calibration procedure that insures the model estimates are statistically valid and consistent is presented. An investigation of the Boston metropolitan area is used in a case study.
Organization of Mammalian Neuroendocrine System

The sections in this article are: 1 Regulation of Pituitary Gland 2 Anatomy of Pituitary Gland and Circumventricular Organs 3 Anatomy of Hypothalamus 3.1 Pathway-Tracing Methods 4 Pathways Containing Hormones of Magnocellular Neurosecretory System 4.1 Projections to Pituitary 4.2 Projection to Median Eminence 4.3 Projections to Limbic Region and Choroid Plexus 4.4 Projections to Brain Stem and Spinal Cord 4.5 Suprachiasmatic Nucleus 5 Pathways Containing Hormones of Parvocellular Neurosecretory System 5.1 Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone 5.2 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 5.3 Somatostatin 5.4 Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone 5.5 Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone 6 Summary 6.1 Location of Neurosecretory Cell Bodies 6.2 Extrahypophysial Pathways 6.3 Afferent Control of Peptidergic Neurons 7 Conclusion
Loose Canons: International Law and Statutory Interpretation in the Twenty-First Century

This short paper discusses international law and statutory interpretation in the Supreme Court’s recent decisions. It argues that the last decade has been one of ferment. Some Justices, most prominently Breyer and Ginsburg, have invented new canons to determine the extraterritorial reach of statutes. Other Justices, most prominently Scalia and Thomas, have relied on the presumption against extraterritoriality, though shifting it in important ways. Neither camp has made much use of the Charming Betsy canon because it would allocate prescriptive jurisdiction in a way that neither finds desirable. The paper will appear in a forthcoming book on the history of international law in the U.S. Supreme Court to be published by Cambridge University Press in 2011.
The quasicontinuity of delta-fine functions.

We wish to take advantage of the exploratory nature of the Inroads section to report on progress toward answering a question we posed with Richard O’Malley in [3]. There we noted the difficulty we were having trying to find an effective characterization of the class UPA of universally polygonally approximable functions. While several related subclasses of Baire one functions have aesthetically pleasing characterizations, UPA strikes us as more elusive. One difficulty is that it is not closed in the sup metric [3]. Thus, if one is looking for a geometric characterization, one should perhaps look, instead, for a characterization of its closure, UPA. In [3] we defined the class DF of delta-fine functions, which is closed, showed that UPA ⊆ DF, but were unable to determine if UPA = DF. Although the theorem presented in this paper doesn’t decide this question, it does provide additional insight into the similarity of these two function classes. In [2] we showed that the set of points at which a UPA function fails to be quasicontinuous is very small in the sense of porosity; indeed, it was shown to be σ-(1 − )-symmetrically porous for every > 0. (In [1] we examined how tantalizingly close this result is to being sharp.) Here we show that the same exceptional behavior is true for the class DF; that is, for every > 0 the set of nonquasicontinuity points for a delta-fine function is σ-(1− )-symmetrically porous. Although there are obvious similarities between the proof presented here and the UPA case proved in [2], the proofs differ at critical points. The main
Ultra-Wideband Wireless Systems

This article provides an overview of ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless systems. System issues are discussed including modulation schemes, pulse shapes, interference issues, and channel characterization. Several communications- and radar-specific implementation issues are also addressed. Much of the description is provided in the context of pulse-based UWB or impulse radio. Furthermore, a section is dedicated to describing the role of the FCC and how current regulations are shaping UWB. The last section extends this discussion and presents several possible applications, providing examples of each. Keywords: Ultra-wideband; UWB; applications; modulation; channel modeling
Neurochemical Evidence for Glycine as a Transmitter and a Model for Its Intrasynaptosomal Compartmentation

Aprison and co-workers have been interested for many years in the relationships between CNS transmitters and animal behavior because they felt that studies in this area could provide a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie abnormal behavior in humans [see reviews by Aprison (1965); Aprison and Hingtgen (1970); Aprison et al. (1975)]. Therefore, in addition to studying how changes in components of the serotonergic and cholinergic systems could affect behavior, a program was developed for the identification of new transmitters in the CNS (see Aprison and Werman, 1968). This latter research approach has resulted in the identification of glycine as a putative transmitter released from inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord and brainstem of vertebrates. In addition, evidence has been obtained which suggests that glutamate may be the excitatory transmitter released from dorsal root fibers and that aspartate may be released as a transmitter from excitatory interneurons (reviewed in Aprison and Werman, 1968; Johnson, 1972). These three amino acids thus appear to have functional (transmitter) roles in addition to their metabolic roles. Such a condition would suggest that axonal endings may have the capacity to compartmentalize these important biochemical compounds in a manner similar to that of acetylcholine, serotonin, and norepinephrine.
Responsiveness of the Acne-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Acne-QoL) to treatment for acne vulgaris in placebo-controlled clinical trials.

The Acne-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Acne-QoL) was developed to measure the impact of facial acne across four dimensions of patient quality of life. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the responsiveness of this instrument. Secondarily, this study provided an opportunity to extend the developer's psychometric validation. The Acne-QoL was utilized in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of the efficacy of Estrostep® (norethindrone acetate/ethinyl estradiol) in the treatment of facial acne; a total of 296 Estrostep® and 295 placebo patients were evaluated. The Acne-QoL was completed at the beginning, middle (cycle 3), and end (cycle 6) of the 6-month treatment period. The responsiveness of the Acne-QoL was demonstrated through its ability to detect both small (baseline to mid-study) and moderate (baseline to study end) treatment advantages for Estrostep® patients. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the subscale structure, and internal consistency estimates were excellent. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported by correlations between Acne-QoL scores and clinical measures that were both in the direction and relative magnitude hypothesized. Finally, item response theory analyses confirmed that each item is highly related to its subscale's latent construct and that each subscale is sensitive across a broad range of the underlying continuum. The results of this evaluation confirm that the Acne-QoL is responsive, internally consistent, and valid.
Follow the beat? understanding conducting gestures from video

In this paper we present a vision system that analyzes the gestures of a noted conductor conducting a real orchestra, a different approach from previous work that allowed users to conduct virtual orchestras with prerecorded scores. We use a low-resolution video sequence of a live performance of the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and we track the conductor's right hand. The tracker output is lined up with the output of an audio beat tracker run on the same sequence. The resulting analysis has numerous implications for the understanding of musical expression and gesture.
The distribution of adenovirus antibodies in normal children.

Population surveys for the presence of adenovirus complement-fixing (a.F.) and neutralizing aJntibodies suggest that certain serotypes, particularly types 1 and 2, areendemic. Huebner, Rowe,Ward, Parrott& Betts (1954) estimatedthat, of children in Washington in the age group 6-11 months, over 50°/O had antibodies against one or more serotypes and 30 °/O had antibody against type 1 or type 2. The percentages with neutralizing antibody against one or more viruses rose with age. Jordan, Badger & Dingle (1958) carried out a survey of 81 children in Cleveland over the first 5 years of life. This confirmed the endemic nature of adenovirus infection. Whether or not a similar state of affairs exists in children of Great Britain, has never been determined. A study, similar to that of Huebner et al. (1954), is given
Early detection and screening for ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer is associated with postmenopausal women of North American or European descent, nulliparous women, and women with a first-degree relative with an epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods for early detection of ovarian cancer are the pelvic examination, ultrasound techniques, and CA-125 monitoring, none of which are highly sensitive or specific for the disease. At the Yale-New Haven Medical Center, first-degree relatives of women with epithelial ovarian cancer were invited to participate in an intense ovarian cancer screening program consisting of tumor markers, endovaginal ultrasound and color Doppler flow studies, and physical examinations performed in a serial fashion. The false-positive rate for the tumor markers varied from 2 to 9% at initial evaluation of the first 247 participants. Endovaginal ultrasound and color Doppler flow techniques were used to evaluate 326 ovaries in 169 women. Resistive indices 30 cm/sec occurred in 7 ovaries (2.3%). To date, four breast cancers have been detected, three cervical intraepithelial neoplasias have been identified, and three atypical adenomatous hyperplasias were diagnosed. No epithelial ovarian cancer was found. Isolated screening for ovarian cancer even in high-risk women is not cost effective. Women screened for ovarian cancer should also be evaluated for cancers of the breast, cervix, colon, rectum and endometrium. Isolated abnormal screening test values are not an indication for surgery.
Albumin in the pump prime: its effect on postoperative weight gain:

An investigation was conducted to determine whether adding albumin to the prime of the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit had any effect on postoperative weight gain. Patients undergoing non-emergency myocardial revascularization for coronary artery disease were divided into two groups. Group I (albumin) received 250 ml of 5% human albumin in their pump prime, whereas group II (control) served as controls. The same surgeon, anesthesia technique, perfusion circuit and conduct, and postoperative management were employed for all patients in the study. No statistically significant differences could be found between the groups for any of the variables studied, including fluid intake during surgery and the first 24 h postoperation, urine output, fluid balance and postoperative weight gain. The authors conclude from this investigation that adding 250 ml of 5% human albumin to the pump prime has no effect on postoperative weight gain. The next step could be to examine the effect of using larger amounts of albumin or plasma volume expanders in the pump prime.
HIV Testing in Emergency Departments in the United States: A National Survey

Objectives In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published recommendations for HIV testing in health care settings, calling for nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in most settings, including emergency departments (EDs). Although a number of ED-based testing strategies exist, it is unclear to what extent they are used. The objective of this study is to survey academic and community EDs throughout the United States to determine ED-based HIV testing practices. Methods This was a cross-sectional survey study of all academic EDs and a weighted random sample of all community-based EDs in the United States. A standardized survey instrument was developed and administered with an Internet-based survey platform, followed by direct contact and mail. The survey included domains related to perceived HIV testing barriers, whether HIV testing was performed and methods used, and familiarity with the CDC recommendations and whether they had been adopted. Results Of the 131 total academic sites and the 435 community sites, 99 (76%) and 150 (35%) completed the survey, respectively. A larger proportion of academic sites believed HIV testing was needed ( P =.02) and a larger proportion actually provided HIV testing (65% versus 50%; P =.04). Among the academic and community EDs that provided testing, 74% and 62% performed diagnostic testing, 26% and 22% performed targeted screening, and 16% and 6% performed nontargeted screening, respectively. A larger proportion of academic EDs reported receiving external funding to support testing (23% versus 4%; P =.001), whereas a large proportion of community sites considered costs a significant barrier to testing ( P =.03). A larger proportion of academic EDs reported being familiar with the 2006 CDC recommendations (64% versus 40%; P Conclusion Academic EDs only make up approximately 3% of all EDs in the United States. Significant differences exist between academic and community EDs as they relate to performing HIV testing. Increased efforts should be made to improve the ability of community EDs to provide this service.
Two-dimensional optofluidic liquid-core waveguiding based on optimized integration of single- and multiple-layer antiresonance reflection optical waveguides

We present a novel two-dimensional (2D) liquid-core waveguiding scheme that combines two different types of antiresonance reflection optical waveguides (ARROWs) to achieve ease of fabrication and richer optofluidic functionalities. We established the conditions for the optimal integration of the two ARROW schemes theoretically and validated them with 2D numerical mode analysis. The proposed scheme also provides a convenient means to install supporting solid-core waveguides without additional burden in fabrication.
Indentation behavior of aluminum processed by equal channel angular extrusion: Effect of bending angle

Microindentation has been used to characterize the indentation behavior of aluminum processed by ECAE (equal channel angular extrusion). The bending angles of the ECAE dies are 90°, 120° and 150°. Using dislocation dynamics, it is found that the initial dislocation density increases with the decrease in the bending angle at the macroscopic yielding during the indentation. For the same indentation load, the plastic energy dissipated in the indentation increases with increasing bending angle.
A supervised machine learning approach of extracting coexpression relationship among genes from literature

It is vital to develop automatic information extraction systems to help researchers cope up with the vast amount of data available on the Internet. In this paper, we describe a framework to extract precise information about coexpression relationship among genes, from published literature using a supervised machine learning approach. We use a graphical model, Dynamic Conditional Random Fields (DCRFs), for training our classifier. Our approach is based on semantic analysis of text to classify the predicates describing coexpression relationship rather than detecting the presence of keywords. We compared our results of sentence classification with the baseline technique of word matching and a Naive Bayes classification algorithm. Our framework outperformed the baseline by almost 45%, with DCRFs showing superior performance to Naive Bayes.
Food-grade microemulsions and nanoemulsions: Role of oil phase composition on formation and stability

Abstract Lemon oil is widely used as a flavoring component in beverages, foods, cosmetics, and household products. Lemon oil comes in a variety of chemical compositions depending on its biological origin, extraction methods, and purification procedures. At present, there is a relatively poor understanding of the influence of lemon oil composition on its functional properties. In this study, we examined the influence of lemon oil fold (1×, 3×, 5× and 10×) on the formation and properties of oil-in-water microemulsions and nanoemulsions. The concentration of both polar (high water solubility and low log P) and non-polar (low-water solubility and high log P) components increased with increasing oil fold. The nature of the colloid dispersions formed was established using an emulsion titration method that involved titrating lemon oil droplets into a surfactant micelle solution (1% Tween 80). Oil fold affected the rate and extent of solubilization, as well as the stability of lemon oil droplets to growth. The maximum amount of lemon oil that could be solubilized within the micelles increased with increasing oil fold, as did the stability of lemon oil droplets to growth. The results were interpreted in terms of the ability of different lemon oil molecules to be incorporated within water or surfactant micelles, and the influence of lemon oil polarity on Ostwald ripening. This study provides valuable information about the relationship between lemon oil composition and its performance in colloidal delivery systems suitable for use in the food and beverage industries.
Regarding women: The politics of beholding in Rousseau's Letter to M. d'Alembert on the Theatre

(1994). Regarding women: The politics of beholding in Rousseau's Letter to M. d'Alembert on the Theatre. Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 3-18.
Coleridge's Links with Leading Men of Science

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) was a man of literature, and his cast of mind was not scientific. However, he cultivated the friendship of several leading British and German men of science, and could almost be called one of the scientific community. Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (F.R.S., 1793), renowned as satirist and aphorist, was Professor of Natural Philosophy in Gottingen, and a leading German authority in astronomy and physics, as well as in a number of newly emerging sciences, such as chemistry, geodesy, geophysics, meteorology and statistics. He was also the foremost German anglophile during the last decades of the Enlightenment, disseminating English culture and discoveries in the popular Gottingen Pocket Calendar that he edited from 1777 to 1799, and using his Commentaries (1794-99) to Hogarth’s prints as a teaching aid for English life, literature and art. Repeatedly, but without providing details, he referred to his contacts and sources of information in England, yet so far no relevant correspondence has been found, and we are left with only indirect evidence of these, such as the last letter to reach Lichtenberg, sent on 19 February 1799 by Carl Christian von Hinliber, a distinguished member of a Hanover family with close links to the English court and the University of Gottingen. It concerned Coleridge’s wish to be introduced to Lichtenberg as soon as possible after his arrival in Gottingen, and commended the young poet as remarkably well qualified for a course in natural philosophy. As Lichtenberg was terminally ill and no longer able to respond, the note has received attention mainly for the eerie significance of the sender’s name; for hinuber , meaning across or beyond, serves as euphemism for death and dying. But the short communication is also indicative of Coleridge’s scientific interests and background knowledge at the time soon after the first edition of the Lyrical Ballads (1798) had been published.
Novel specificity of an endoribonuclease of yeast

Investigations of the cleavage specificity of a cyclizing endoribonuclease of yeast show that it hydrolyzes Y-A bonds of single-stranded regions of RNA and that oligonucleotides are hydrolyzed poorly. The stringent specificity of the enzyme suggests that it may be useful for generating specific fragments of polyribonucleotides. An isolation technique employing ethanol extraction has now been used to isolate the enzyme free of other RNases, and the studies show that it is a small protein, 10 kDa or less in molecular mass.
Online Small Animal Case Simulations, a.k.a. The Virtual Veterinary Clinic

Six years of experience at Washington State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine using an online, asynchronous, problem-solving small animal case simulation tool are presented. Student satisfaction with the online problem-solving experience was high, and the majority of students felt that the experience was realistic and worthwhile. The effort required to keep the experience realistic required a large investment of time by instructors, which ultimately led to discontinuation of the online course. A summary of features to consider when creating case simulations is presented.
Study on Pile-Soil Interaction during Pile Sinking and Drivability of Pile in Offshore Platform

The main mode of pile-soil interaction and the influence factors of pile sinking in offshore platform construction were analyzed and discusses the reasons that penetration resistance increases after stop driving and then continue. To study the drivability of piles of specified driving hammer, taking a jacket platform of Bohai Sea for instance, the results showed that continuous driving will make the open-end steel piles be driven to the designed depth, and driven-on will cause soil plug and pile driving refusal. Based on the results, the paper gives some suggestions about pile driving.
Prognosis of Crohn's disease with onset in childhood or adolescence

A long-term follow-up study of 522 patients (1955–1974) with onset of Crohn's disease under age 21 was conducted. Follow-up information was obtained for 513 (98.4%) of the patients. The mean follow-up for the entire series was 7.7 years with a greater than five-year follow-up for 67% of patients. Nearly 60% of the patients were ages 16–20 at onset of disease. Operation had been performed for 69% of the patients and 13 (2.4%) had died. Among the survivors 67% considered themselves to be in suboptimal health. Although clinical features and complications varied considerably with anatomic disease location, colonic disease generally caused more disability than small intestine location of disease. Age at onset did not correlate with clinical severity except for presence of growth retardation. Thus, this long-term follow-up study demonstrated the chronic nature of Crohn's disease with onset under age 21. It also emphasized that the disease more commonly affected adolescents than children, that operation was required in about two thirds of the patients, and that, while mortality was low, morbidity from the disease continued for many years.
Some results of helicopter measurements of the albedo of different land surfaces

Abstract Two series of albedo measurements are reported in which observations were made from a helicopter hovering above the surface of eight different types of land cover. One series, above a mixed hardwood forest in East Tennessee, consisted of 20 measurements repeated at three different stages of vegetative development. The second series, in Israel, included five types of mountain vegetation and two examples of coastal plain land cover. Five replicate observations were made over each type and the measurements were repeated on six occasions. The results showed mean values of albedo to range from a minimum of 0·11, for the hardwood forest, to a maximum of 0·42 for bare sand dunes. The size of the albedo was inversely related to the height of the vegetation canopy, presumably because of the greater opportunities for the reabsorption of reflected radiation within deep canopies. Other results also support the view that the spatial arrangement of the canopy was more important that the optical properties of individual elements in determining the overall reflectivity. Albedo differences between replicate plots of the same vegetation type or between replicate sites within one plot were considerable. The average coefficient of variation was 18 per cent and the variability ranged from surface to surface and season to season. By contrast, the seasonal variation in albedo values was much smaller.
The threat of global white‐collar crime

There is no completely safe place in the world to do business. Most top executives accept this fact as a risk they have to manage. But how many understand the true scope of global white-collar crime (WCC)—and its potential threats? For example, did you know that, according to PricewaterhouseCoopers, WCC is the most problematic issue for businesses worldwide? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vesicourethral healing following radical prostatectomy: is it related to surgical approach?

Abstract Objectives. To explore how the occurrence of vesicourethral anastomoticstrictures (bladder neck contractures [BNC]) following radical prostatectomy was dependent on these variables: postoperative urine extravasation, type of anastomosis, size of prostate, and surgical approach. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed 143 cases over 36 months for the occurrence ofearly BNC (6 to 12 months follow-up). Voiding cystourethrograms (VCUG) were performed in all patients at 3 weeks. Radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with direct anastomosis was performed in 93 cases, RRP and Vest anastomosis in 35 cases, and radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) in 15.cases. Results. The overall incidence of extravasation was 14.1%. Procedure-specific rates of incidence of extravasation were RPP 33.3%, RRP 18.1%, and radical retropubic with Vest anastomosis (Vest) 6.1%. Mean prostate weight was not significantly different between patients with or without extravasation. The anastomotic site was classified as being irregular (plicated) or smooth in appearance on the VCUG images. An irregular appearance was noted among 81% of the RRP, 42.4% of the Vest, and 40% of the RPP Bladder neck contractures occurred in 29% of patients with Vest anastomosis, 14.1% with RRP, and none of the patients undergoing RPP Only 1 patient in both the Vest and RRP group who experienced BNC was noted to have extravasation on VCUG at 3 weeks. Conclusions. We have noted that the type of anastomosis (Vest traction sutures) significantly increases the likelihood of early bladder neck contracture following radical prostatectomy. The presence of contrast extravasation on the postoperative VCUG study (implying urinary extravasation) did not influence the formation of an anastomotic stricture as long as patients were maintained with catheter drainage until resolution of extravasation. The appearance of the newly constructed bladder neck on the postoperative VCUG image was not predictive of a subsequent contracture.
Building Learning Partnerships

Educating college students to navigate the complexities of contemporary adult life is an increasingly complex task. Many entering collegians come from highly structured and protective environments ...
Effects of End-Expiratory Lung Volume on Lung Mechanics in Normal and Edematous Lungs

This study determined the effects of end-expiratory pressures (EEP) and alterations in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) on lung compliance (CL) and pulmonary resistance to gas flow (R
Earthquake Prediction: Modification of the Earth Tide Tilts and Strains by Dilatancy

Summary Numerical solutions for the earth tide on a model earth with elastic dilatant crustal inclusions indicate that up to 60 per cent changes in the tilt and strain tides result from a 15 per cent reduction of Vp, the seismic p velocity, in the inclusion. The fractional changes in the tilt and strain tide amplitudes are proportional to the changes in Poisson's ratio and inverse areal bulk modulus of the inclusion and are not proportional to the Vp/Vs ratio. Further, detectable changes in the tidal amplitude will occur to a distance of 1.5 times the typical dimension of the dilatant inclusion. Monitoring the earth tide is therefore suggested as a sensitive and continuous method of earthquake prediction if such dilatancy precedes earthquakes. The time dependence of the tidal signal, due to dilatancy, will be the same as that of the Vp/Vs ratio if the dilatant material is elastic. A search of the tidal strain data from the laser strain meters at the Pinon Flat Geophysical Observatory reveals no evidence of anomalous changes in the tidal signal during the past three years. The limits of detection for changes in the tidal admittance are ±2 per cent for a 696 hr averaging period.