cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
System efficiency prediction of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter

This article presents the system design and prediction performance of a 1kW capacity grid-tied photovoltaic inverter applicable for low or medium-voltage electrical distri-bution networks. System parameters, for instance, the longitude and latitude of the solar plant location, panel orientation, tilt and azimuth angle calculation, feasibility testing, optimal sizing of installment are analyzed in the model and the utility is sim-ulated precisely to construct an efficient solar power plant for residential applications. In this paper, meteorological data are computed to discuss the impact of environmen-tal variables. As regards ensuring reliability and sustenance, a simulation model of the system of interest is tested in the PVsyst software package. Simulation results yield that the optimum energy injected to the national grid from the solar plant, specific pro-duction, and performance ratio are 1676kWh/year, 1552kWh/kWp/year, and 79.29% respectively. Moreover, the predicted carbon footprint reduction is 23.467 tons during the 30 years lifetime of the system. Therefore, the performance assessments affirm the effectiveness of the proposed research.
Predicting the likelihood of prolongation of half-time among infants with initially indeterminate drainage values: A single-institution retrospective study of 535 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Summary Introduction and objective Prior studies have shown a broad half time (T1/2) interval on MAG3 diuresis renography (DR) that is indeterminate for obstruction. We aimed to refine and sub-divide the indeterminate range and associate it with clinically meaningful outcomes: pyeloplasty and pyeloplasty-free survival. Methods We identified patients Results Among 2025 patients with DR, 704 met criteria (169 were lost to follow up). Of the remaining 535, 218 had pyeloplasties and 317 did not. The Pyeloplasty group had significantly worse DRF, T1/2 at initial DR, and exited the study earlier, at a median age 1.1years vs 2.3 years (p Discussion Previous efforts to define indeterminate drainage resulted in ranges for T1/2 that were too broad to be clinically useful. Within our endpoint-defined indeterminate range, our data show that there are significant step offs in 5-year surgery-free survival for patients with T1/2 Conclusions Initial T1/2 on DR is predictive of future surgery. When drainage is “indeterminate” for obstruction, sub-stratification allows for more accurate prognostication.
Is Africa a Net Creditor? New Estimates of Capital Flight from Severely Indebted Sub-Saharan African Countries, 1970-96

This article presents estimates of capital flight from 25 low-income sub-Saharan African countries in the period 1970 to 1996. Capital flight totaled more than $193 billion (in 1996 dollars); with imputed interest earnings, the accumulated stock of flight capital amounts to $285 billion. The combined external debt of these countries stood at $178 billion in 1996. Taking capital flight as a measure of private external assets, and calculating net external assets as private external assets minus public external debts, sub-Saharan Africa thus appears to be a net creditor vis-a-vis the rest of the world.
Prediction model for gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis in the emergency department.

Abstract Objective History and physical examination findings can be unreliable for prediction of genitourinary tract infections and differentiation of urinary tract infections from sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The study objective was to develop a prediction tool to more accurately identify patients with STIs. Methods A retrospective review of 64,490 emergency department (ED) encounters between April 18, 2014, and March 7, 2017, where patients age 18 years or older had urinalysis and urine culture or testing for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas, was used to develop a prediction model for men and women with Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, or both, and for women with Trichomonas vaginalis. The data set was randomly divided into two-thirds discovery and one-third validation. Groups were assigned through a random number generator. Backward step regression modeling was used to identify the best model for each outcome. Results With use of age, race, marital status, and findings from vaginal wet preparation (white blood cells [WBCs], clue cells, and yeast) and urinalysis (squamous epithelial cells, protein, leukocyte esterase, and WBCs), the models had areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 for men with N gonorrhoeae or C trachomatis, or both; 0.75 for women with N gonorrhoeae or C trachomatis, or both; and 0.73 for women with T vaginalis. Conclusions The model estimated likelihood of ED patients having STIs was reasonably accurate with a limited number of demographic and laboratory variables. In the absence of point-of-care STI testing, use of a prediction tool for STIs may improve antimicrobial stewardship.
A measure of functioning in adults With ADHD: Psychometric properties of the general life functioning scale-parent version.

OBJECTIVE The General Life Functioning Scale (GLF) was developed to provide a complementary alternative to existing measures of impairment. We examined the psychometric properties of the GLF-Parent version (GLF-P), given the known value of informant ratings. METHODS The GLF-P was administered to parents of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood and a nonADHD comparison group in the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study. GLF-P ratings described 334 participants (ADHD = 186; comparison = 148) rated at age 25 (Mage = 24.80 years, SDage = 0.46, range = 24-26) and 401 participants (ADHD = 237; comparison = 164) rated at age 30 (Mage = 29.30, SDage = 0.64, range = 28-33). Exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were used. RESULTS EFAs suggested and CFAs confirmed a five-factor solution. We found measurement invariance across diagnostic and age groups, satisfactory internal consistency, construct validity, and known-group validity. CONCLUSION Psychometric results suggest the GLF-P as a helpful adjunctive measure of functioning. Further research is needed to determine the utility of the GLF across diverse settings.
In vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of pyrazole-based small molecule inhibitors of Mdm2/4-p53 interaction.

The interaction of p53 with its negative regulators Mdm2/4 has been widely studied (Khoury and Domling in Curr Pharm Des 18(30):4668–4678, 2012). In p53+/+ cells, expression of Mdm2/4 leads to p53 turnover, inhibition of downstream transcription, decreasing cell cycle arrest, or apoptosis. We report in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of YH264, YH263, and WW751, three proposed small molecule inhibitors of the Mdm2/4–p53 interaction. MTT cytotoxicity assays were performed, and alterations in proteins were examined using western blots. Mice were dosed 150 mg/kg YH264 or YH263 IV or PO QDx5. Mice were IV dosed 88, 57, or 39 mg/kg WW751 for 3, 5, or 5 days. YH264, YH263, and WW751 and metabolites were quantitated by LC–MS/MS. IC50 values for YH264, YH263, and WW751 against p53 wild-type HCT 116 cells after 72 h of incubation were 18.3 ± 2.3, 8.9 ± 0.6, and 3.1 ± 0.2 μM, respectively. Only YH264 appeared to affect p53 expression in vitro. None of the compounds affected the growth of HCT 116 xenografts in C.B-17 SCID mice. YH264 plasma half-life was 147 min; YH263 plasma half-life was 263 min; and WW751 plasma half-life was less than 120 min. Despite dosing the mice at the maximum soluble doses, we could not achieve tumor concentrations equivalent to the intracellular concentrations required to inhibit cell growth in vitro. YH263 and WW751 do not appear to affect p53/Mdm2, and none of the three were active in a subcutaneous HCT 116 p53+/+ xenograft model.
Prevalence of chronic respiratory disease. Asbestosis in ship repair workers.

Study of pipe coverers, pipe fitters, and welders at a ship repair yard indicated that pipe coverers had more changes in their lungs, as evidenced by examination of x-ray films, and slightly lower pulmonary function than the other two groups. All groups showed slightly lowered pulmonary function as compared with workers who did new-ship construction and were not exposed to asbestos. Aerometric measurement showed levels of asbestos that were, in general, lower than current threshold limit values. These findings reemphasize the need for control of asbestos in the work areas, as well as careful medical surveillance of workers exposed to asbestos.
Implementation of Collaborative Link Optimization

In this chapter we describe the implementation of the architecture of Ontology Based Radio described in Chap. 2 and shown in Fig. 2.3. The main purpose of this implementation was to demonstrate the feasibility of the concept of collaborative flexible link adaptation discussed in this book. Thus first we need to show the platform that we had available and then how the architecture of this platform maps to the OBR architecture discussed in Chap. 2. In the rest of this chapter we describe the particular components of the architecture.
Effects of genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on aspen phytochemistry and insect performance

Genetic and environmental variability, and their interactions, influence phytochemical composition and, in turn, herbivore performance. We evaluated the independent and interactive effects of plant genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on the foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and consequences for performance of gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar). Saplings of four genotypes were grown under two conditions of nutrient availability and subjected to three levels of artificial defoliation. Concentrations of all secondary and primary metabolites evaluated responded to at least one or more of the experimental treatments. Of the secondary metabolites, phenolic glycosides were affected strongly by genotype, less so by nutrient availability, and not induced by defoliation. Condensed tannins were strongly dependent upon genotype, soil nutrient availability, and their interaction, and, in contrast to phenolic glycosides, were induced by artificial defoliation. Of the primary metabolites, foliar nitrogen was affected by genotype and soil nutrient availability. Starch concentrations were affected by genotype, nutrient availability, defoliation and interactions among these factors. Foliar water content responded to genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation, and the effect of nutrient availability depended on genotype. Herbivore performance on these plants was strongly influenced by plant genotype and soil nutrient availability, but much less so by defoliation. Although several of the compound types (condensed tannins, starch, and water) responded to defoliation, quantitative variation in these compounds did not contribute to substantive changes in herbivore performance. Rather, the primary source of variation in insect performance was due to plant genotype (phenolic glycoside levels), while nutrient availability (foliar nitrogen levels) was of secondary importance. These results suggest that genetic variation in aspen plays a major role in determining patterns of insect performance, whereas environmental variation, such as was tested, here is of negligible importance.
A Plausible Mechanism for Prothrombin Activation by Factor Xa, Factor Va, Phospholipid, and Calcium Ions

Abstract Prothrombin activation by the complete prothrombin activation system (Factor Xa, Factor Va, phospholipid, and Ca2+) can occur via the same two-step mechanism previously demonstrated with only Factor Xa, phospholipid, and Ca2+ (Esmon, C. T., Owen, W. G., and Jackson, C. M. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 7798–7807). [see PDF for equation] Both Intermediate 2 and Fragment 1·2 are required for the activation intermediate to meet necessary kinetic conditions.
Flux enhancement during Dean vortex tubular membrane nanofiltration: 13. Effects of concentration and solute type

Controlled centrifugal instabilities (called Dean vortices) resulting from sufficient flow in composite polyamide–poly(ether sulfone) helical membrane tubes have been used to reduce concentration polarization during nanofiltration. These vortices enhance back-migration through convective flow away from the membrane–solution interface and increased shear at the membrane–solution interface and allow for increased membrane permeation rates. As a result, solute concentrations at the membrane–solution interface and resulting osmotic-driven back flow are reduced. The performance of two sets of modules (designated Set II and Set III), each set containing a prototype vortex generating helical tubular nanofiltration (NF) element and a conventional linear element was evaluated. Nanofiltration of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts (including KCl, K2SO4 and K3PO4) and amino acids of similar molecular weight (including glutamic acid, glutamine and lysine) was performed with Set II. These experiments, designed to evaluate the effects of solute type, were conducted at the same energy consumption and transmembrane pressures. Both membrane swelling and charge effects were evident as a function of varying the pH during membrane filtration of both inorganic salts and amino acids. Both flux and rejection were higher for the helical module than the linear module during amino acid nanofiltration. A new modified phenomenological model was shown to be effective for predictive purposes for cases of responsive concentration polarization. Its applicability is validated by performing nanofiltration of aqueous MgSO4 solutions with a new set of modules designated as Set III. Modules of Set III contained dissimilar helical and linear elements. The model was then tested against the results obtained previously.
Choosing search heuristics by non-stationary reinforcement learning

Search decisions are often made using heuristic methods because real-world applications can rarely be tackled without any heuristics. In many cases, multiple heuristics can potentially be chosen, and it is not clear a priori which would perform best. In this article, we propose a procedure that learns, during the search process, how to select promising heuristics. The learning is based on weight adaptation and can even switch between different heuristics during search. Different variants of the approach are evaluated within a constraint-programming environment.
Refining Approximations in Software Predicate Abstraction

Predicate abstraction is an automatic technique that can be used to find abstract models of large or infinite-state systems. In tools like Slam, where predicate abstraction is applied to software model checking, a number of heuristic approximations must be used to improve the performance of computing an abstraction from a set of predicates. For this reason, Slam can sometimes reach a state in which it is not able to further refine the abstraction.
Bioinspired Nanoparticulate Medical Glues for Minimally Invasive Tissue Repair

Delivery of tissue glues through small-bore needles or trocars is critical for sealing holes, affixing medical devices, or attaching tissues together during minimally invasive surgeries. Inspired by the granule-packaged glue delivery system of sandcastle worms, a nanoparticulate formulation of a viscous hydrophobic light-activated adhesive based on poly(glycerol sebacate)-acrylate is developed. Negatively charged alginate is used to stabilize the nanoparticulate surface to significantly reduce its viscosity and to maximize injectability through small-bore needles. The nanoparticulate glues can be concentrated to ≈30 w/v% dispersions in water that remain localized following injection. With the trigger of a positively charged polymer (e.g., protamine), the nanoparticulate glues can quickly assemble into a viscous glue that exhibits rheological, mechanical, and adhesive properties resembling the native poly(glycerol sebacate)-acrylate based glues. This platform should be useful to enable the delivery of viscous glues to augment or replace sutures and staples during minimally invasive procedures.
Reality Therapy For the 21st Century

This text is a comprehensive, practical, clearly illustrated examination of reality therapy. It includes an historically significant interview with William Glasser, MD, multicultural applications and research based studies. Its goal is to enhance the skills of helpers so that clients may live a more effective life through a total balance of love, health, and happiness. To help teach reality therapy, the author encapsulates the delivery system into the acronym "WDEP". It is expanded to include 22 types of self-evaluation which counsellors and therapists can use to shorten therapy time in the current managed care environment. Each component of the delivery system is illustrated with dialogues so that the reader can see exactly how the system is practical and immediately usable.
The Impact of Grammatical Development on “Stalls” and “Revisions” in Children who Persist and Recover from Stuttering☆

Abstract Introduction Recently, Rispoli and Hadley investigated the link between language development and disfluency in children who do not stutter (CWNS). They claimed that the frequency/location of disfluencies was related to children's use of emergent language skills (Rispoli & Hadley, 2001). Subsequent work (Rispoli & Hadley, 2008) demonstrated that although revision rates increased along with IPSYN scores, stall rates did not. Thus, revisions and stalls were interpreted to reflect two different phenomena. We applied Rispoli and Hadley's hypothesis to children who stutter who would later persist (CWS-P) or recover (CWS-R). We believed that this would shed light on the nature of the relationship between language and stuttering. Methods Six CWS-R, six CWS-P and 9 CWNS who were between the ages of 30 and 43 months at the initial visit were included. All children were subsequently followed for 12 months, with language samples collected at 0, 6 and 12 months. Samples were scored for IPSYN, utterance length, and the presence of revisions and stalls in active declarative sentences. Results A hierarchical linear model analysis was conducted using a mixed model approach. As we predicted, there were no significant changes in the rate of “stalls” over grammatical development in any of the three subject groups. “Revisions” increased over grammatical development for CWS-P, but there was no effect for the other two groups. Discussion Rispoli and Hadley interpreted increased revisions to indicate increased monitoring. As this trend was apparent only in CWS-P, it may be that the monitoring relationship is more salient in this group. Further, CWS-P may use revisions in response to a developing expectancy and anticipation of the stuttering moment. The finding that revisions increase with language skills only in CWS-P is clinically relevant. Interventions which acknowledge an early role of monitoring or expectancy may be more effective for this group.
Redefining Reproductive Rights in an Age of Cultural Revolution

Since this country’s founding, women of color have had little control over their reproductive freedom. In 1973 two young African American girls, ages fourteen and twelve, were forcibly sterilized in the state of Mississippi. The lawsuit that followed brought national attention to the issue of coercive sterilization in the United States. This paper explores the development of the definition of reproductive rights and pays particular attention to black women's experience of reproductive rights starting with the introduction of birth control into the national discourse by Margaret Sanger and contamination of this discourse by theories of eugenics and decisions of the national government in cases such as Buck vs. Bell. With the introduction of coercive sterilization into national tactics for population control, birth control became a dubious topic for African Americans and negatively impacted black women's experience of birth control. I explain how these policies affected black organizations' views of birth control and women's roles within the civil rights and nationalist movements. This paper centers on the discussion and policies of organizations such as the Nation of Islam, NAACP, Black Panthers, SNCC and black women's responses to these attitudes. The infringement upon black women's reproductive rights ultimately led to the creation of a more comprehensive definition of reproductive rights by black feminist organizations and a demand for policies and attitudes that would take black women's unique perspectives into consideration. Author’s Note Stephanie Flores is a second year teacher at Achievement First Endeavor Middle School in Brooklyn as part of her commitment to Teach For America. Stephanie graduated from the University of Chicago in 2012 with a bachelor’s degree in history and visual arts. While at the University of Chicago she concentrated in 20th Century American History with an emphasis on the study of women and people of color. For this work she received honors in her program. In her free time she enjoys exploring New York’s vibrant art and food scene.
A QUANTITATIVE THEORY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : III. THE REACTION BETWEEN CRYSTALLINE EGG ALBUMIN AND ITS HOMOLOGOUS ANTIBODY.

1. A quantitative theory of the precipitin reaction based on the laws of classical chemistry has now been found applicable to the crystalline egg albumin-antibody system. Equations derived from the theory permit the calculation of the behavior of an anti-egg albumin serum over most of the reaction range after a few quantitative analyses have been made for the nitrogen precipitated. Data of other workers also conform to the proposed equations. 2. The empirical relation, shown to have advantages in the dye antidye system, may also be used for the Ea-A reaction. 3. Serum from the same animal after successive courses exhibits progressive changes which have been described graphically and quantitatively. These changes are believed to consist in the formation of more and more antibody capable of reacting with a larger number of chemically different groupings in the antigen molecule. 4. Evidence is presented that anti-egg albumin is not homogeneous, and that even after prolonged immunization the antiserum contains much low-grade antibody, incapable of forming precipitates unless more reactive precipitin is present. 5. Factors affecting the equivalence point ratio are discussed.
Raman scattering in GeSi alloys

Abstract Room temperature Raman spectra are reported for polycrystalline GeSi alloys as a function of composition. The frequencies and linewidths of the three main peaks show some disagreement with previously reported work; the results are discussed within the theories of local and resonance modes of impurities, where possible. Minor scattering peaks and second-order spectra, as well as anomalous behavior in several inhomogeneous samples, are also reported and discussed.
Bacteria responsive antibacterial surfaces for indwelling device infections.

Abstract Indwelling device infections now represent life-threatening circumstances as a result of the biofilms' tolerance to antibiotic treatments. Current antibiotic impregnation approaches through sustained antibiotic release have some unsolved problems which include short life-span, narrowed antibacterial spectrum, ineffectiveness towards resistant mutants, and the potential to hasten the antibiotic resistance process. In this study, bacteria responsive anti-biofilm surfaces were developed using bioactive peptides with proved activity to antibiotic resistant bacteria and biofilms. Resulting surfaces were stable under physiological conditions and in the presence of high concentrations of salts (0.5 M NaCl) and biomacromolcules (1.0% DNA and 2.0% alginate), and thus showed good biocompatibility to various tissue cells. However, lytic peptide immobilized surfaces could sense bacteria adhesion and kill attached bacteria effectively and specifically, so biofilms were unable to develop on the lytic peptide immobilized surfaces. Bacteria responsive catheters remained biofilm free for up to a week. Therefore, the bacteria responsive antibacterial surfaces developed in this study represent new opportunities for indwelling device infections.
Copyright transfer agreements and self-archiving

Concerns about intellectual property rights are a significant barrier to the practice of scholarly self-archiving in institutional and other types of digital repositories. This introductory level, half-day tutorial will demystify the journal copyright transfer agreements (CTAs) that often are the source of these rights concerns of scholars. In addition, participants will be introduced to the deposit processes of self-archiving in an interdisciplinary repository and open access archive (OAA), such as DLIST, Digital Library for Information Science and Technology.
The effect of precipitation events on inorganic carbon in soil and shallow groundwater, Konza Prairie LTER Site, NE Kansas, USA

Abstract Monthly sampling for 1 year at the Konza Prairie LTER (Long-Term Ecological Research) Site in northeastern Kansas shows a connection between the annual cycles of CO2 in soil air and shallow groundwater DIC (dissolved inorganic C). Soil air CO2 reached 6–7% in July to mid-August, when moisture was not limiting to soil respiration. Following the annual maximum there was a sequential decrease in CO2 in three soil horizons to less than 0.5% because of moisture deficiency in the late summer and temperature decline in the fall and winter. Groundwater pCO2 reached its maximum of 5% in October; the lag-time of 2–3 months may correspond to the travel time of soil-generated CO2 to the water table. The time-variable CO2 caused an annual carbonate-mineral saturation cycle, intensifying limestone dissolution and DIC production when CO2 was high. The C flux depended on respiration and rainfall regimes, and had two main pathways. Transport of soil CO2 in the dissolved form with diffuse flow of recharge water was the most effective during the growing season so long as soil moisture was present. Downward movement of gaseous CO2 and equilibration with groundwater at the water table was favorable in July to August. Storm rainfall events recharged the aquifer within a few hours through preferential flow and stream–groundwater interaction, resulting in dilution of groundwater rather than forcing entrapped CO2 downward. Calculated C flux from the unsaturated zone to the unconfined aquifer in the monitoring period was 0.26 ± 0.03 M/m2/a of C, which is less than 1% of the CO2 that is released by soil to the atmosphere via efflux. However, meteoric precipitation was only 72% of average annual precipitation during the study period, so this study represents dry-condition flux. In addition, increased respiration rates due to warming of the atmosphere have the potential to cause a higher C flux to the saturated zone, intensifying weathering and groundwater acidification, so that further study is suggested.
Products and relative reaction rates of the oxidation of tocopherols with singlet molecular oxygen.

— The relative reactivity of singlet molecular oxygen, 02(1Δg), α-,β-,Γ-and δ with -tocopherol (vitamin E) was investigated using microwave discharge generation as a uniquely clean source of singlet oxygen and using a hydrocarbon solvent to approximate the membrane environment. The relative efficiencies of the tocopherols for O2(1Δg) were found to decrease in the order: D-α-tocopherol > D-β-tocopheroI > D–Γ-tocopherol > D-δ-tocopherol. The reaction products in all cases were found to be mixtures of quinone and quinone epoxides apparently resulting from decomposition of the primary product, the hydroperoxydienone.
Nonparametric estimation of mean and variance when a few “sample” values possibly outliers

The data (continuous) aren independent observations that are believed to be a random sample. The possibility exists, however, that as many asJ of the largest observations, and as many asK of the smallest observations, are outliers. That is, these observations are from populations that are different from the population yielding the other observations (which number at leastn−J−K). The interest is in obtaining suitable estimates for the mean and variance of the population yielding the other observations.J andK are given and relatively small, with both ≦2n A , whereA is specified and ≦1/4. When the population yielding the other observations is continuous, has moments of all orders, and is well-behaved in some other ways, estimates are developed that are unbiased if terms of ordern −1+A +2ɛ are neglected. Here, ɛ can be arbitrarily small but is positive.
The morphology of the flowers of Rosa and certain closely related genera

The morphology of the flowers of the Rosaceae has long been a subject of discussion. The family shows wide variation in flower type, but the ordinary rosaceous flowers (excluding the zygomorphic group) may be placed in two general groups: in the first, those in which the gynoecium is wholly free fronm other parts of the flower (ovary superior); in the second, those in which the gynoecium is not entirely free (ovary inferior or partly so). In this second group belong a number of rosaceous flowers in which the gynoecium, though on external examination apparently free, is found on sectioning to be partially fused with other parts. A discussion of the morphology of the flower types of the entire fam-ily would, if presented in a single paper, run far beyond desirable limits. The present paper concerns certain rosaceous flowers of the first group only. In rosaceous flowers of this type the sepals, petals, and stamens arise on the margin of a tube-like, disc-like, or cup-like portion of the flower which surrounds, to varying extent, the gynoecium. This tube-like part of this type of flower has been designated by various names. In the present paper it is referred to as the tube or the tube-like part of the flower because these two terms imply nothing as to its inherent morphology. It is the presence of this tube which has caused this type of flower to be the subject of much investigation and discussion. The explanations offered by investigators of the subject and the statements made by others concerning the nature of the tube in this type of rosaceous flower fall into three general groups: statements and explanations of the tube as an axial structure; statements and explanations of the tube as a structure formed of floral appendages and therefore appendicular in morphological nature; explanations in which a distinction is drawn between the rose flower and those of other rosaceous flowers with superior gynoecium with reference to the morphological nature of the tube. The present investigation was undertaken to see if information might be obtained from a comparative study of the vascular structure of the flower of the rose and that of some closely related types which would aid in establishing the morphology of the tube-like part of those flowers. During the progress of the work there was published by Bonne (T928) a paper on the Rosaceae which presents the vascular structure of a great number of rosaceous flowers, including those of the genus Rosa. Bonne considers the tube of rosaceous
Utilization of Relationship-Oriented Social Media in the Selling Process: A Comparison of Consumer (B2C) and Industrial (B2B) Salespeople

The rapid pace of technological advancement and adoption of social media among consumers/organizations has been unprecedented in recent years. This study provides insights into understanding social media utilization among professional salespeople. Specifically, social media applications are separated into 15 categories, with multiple applications falling within each category. From a sample of 395 salespeople in B2B and B2C markets, utilization of relationship-oriented social media applications are presented and examined. Overall, findings show that B2B practitioners tend to use media targeted at professionals whereas their B2C counterparts tend to utilize more sites targeted to the general public for engaging in one-on-one dialogue with their customers. Moreover, B2B professionals tend to use relationship-oriented social media technologies more than B2C professionals for the purpose of prospecting, handling objections, and after sale follow-up.
Genome Sequence of a Salmonella Phage Used To Control Salmonella Transmission in Swine

Salmonella shedding in swine often increases in response to transportation and lairage. We previously demonstrated that such increases can be limited by directly feeding microencapsulated Salmonella bacteriophages. Here we present the genome sequence of vB_SalM_SJ_3, a broader spectrum Viuna-like Salmonella phage used in those studies.
Relative Nephrotoxicity of Different Contrast Media

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common cause of acute kidney injury among hospitalized patients. High-osmolar contrast agents are associated with increased risk of CIN. Low-osmolar (LOCM) and iso-osmolar (IOCM) agents show no difference in the incidence of CIN, even among high-risk patients. This finding suggests that factors other than osmolality may play a role in the pathogenesis of CIN. The use of either LOCM or IOCM agents is recommended in high-risk patients.
The effect of acute addition metabolic alkalosis on the cardiovascular response of the dog to hemorrhage.

Summary o 1. The hemodynamic and biochemical effects of an acute addition alkalosis produced by the infusion of Na 2 CO 3 have been studied in six unanesthetized, trained dogs. The effect of a moderate arterial hemorrhage was observed in these alkalotic animals. 2. Hypokalemia occurred in each animal receiving Na 2 CO 3 infusion for the production of acute alkalosis. The typical changes of hypokalemia were not observed in the ECG tracings from these dogs. 3. The fall in blood pressure and cardiac output was greater in the alkalotic animals than in the saline controls, but statistical analysis failed to demonstrate any significant difference between these two groups of animals. 4. The alkalotic animals subjected to hemorrhage appeared listless, unresponsive and unaware of their surroundings. The control animals receiving saline infusions remained bright-eyed and alert.
Regulation of avian fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1) gene expression during skeletal muscle differentiation

Abstract Myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation are regulated by a fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signal transduction cascade mediated by a high-affinity fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR). Exogenous FGF added to myogenic cultures has a mitogenic effect promoting myoblast proliferation while repressing differentiation. We have examined the regulation of the FGFR-1 gene ( cek-1 ) in avian myogenic cultures by immunocytochemistry and Northern blot analysis. FGFR-1 protein was readily detected in undifferentiated myoblast cultures and was significantly reduced in differentiated muscle fiber cultures. Similarly, FGFR-1 mRNA was 2.5-fold more abundant in myoblast cultures than in differentiated cultures. To define the molecular mechanism regulating FGFR-1 gene expression in proliferating myoblasts and post-mitotic muscle fibers, we have isolated and partially characterized the avian FGFR-1 gene promoter. Transfection of FGFR-1 promoter-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene constructs into myogenic cultures identified two regions regulating expression of this gene in myoblasts. A distal region of 2226 bp conferred a high level of expression in myoblasts. This region functioned in an orientation-dependent manner and interacted with a promoter element(s) in a proximal 1058 bp promoter region to direct transcription. Deletion analysis revealed a 78 bp region that confers a high level of cek1 promoter activity in myoblasts. This DNA segment also contains Sp1 binding sites and interacts with a component in myoblast nuclear protein extracts. The proximal promoter region alone demonstrated no activity in directing transcription in either myoblasts or muscle fibers. Using the full-length promoter, gene expression was significantly decreased in differentiated muscle fibers relative to undifferentiated myoblasts indicating that the promoter-reporter gene constructs contain elements regulating expression of the endogenous FGFR-1 gene in both myoblasts and muscle fibers.
Financial Literacy and Emergency Saving

Using data collected by the National Financial Capability Study, a survey recently commissioned by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, this paper investigates the correlations between subjectively and objectively assessed measures of financial knowledge, and the probability of having savings adequate to cover 3 months of typical expenses. Results indicate that households who are more financially knowledgeable or more confident in their financial ability are significantly more likely to report having emergency funds. These findings support the growing literature on the relationship between financial knowledge and economic behaviors and have wide policy implications.
Measurements of Transmembrane Potential and Magnetic Field at the Apex of the Heart

We studied the transmembrane potential and magnetic fields from electrical activity at the apex of the isolated rabbit heart experimentally using optical mapping and superconducting quantum interference device microscopy, and theoretically using monodomain and bidomain models. The cardiac apex has a complex spiral fiber architecture that plays an important role in the development and propagation of action currents during stimulation at the apex. This spiral fiber orientation contains both radial electric currents that contribute to the electrocardiogram and electrically silent circular currents that cannot be detected by the electrocardiogram but are detectable by their magnetic field, Bz. In our experiments, the transmembrane potential, Vm, was first measured optically and then Bz was measured with a superconducting quantum interference device microscope. Based on a simple model of the spiral structure of the apex, Vm was expected to exhibit circular wave front patterns and Bz to reflect the circular component of the action currents. Although the circular Vm wave fronts were detected, the Bz maps were not as simple as expected. However, we observed a pattern consistent with a tilted axis for the apex spiral fiber geometry. We were able to simulate similar patterns in both a monodomain model of a tilted stack of rings of dipole current and a bidomain model of a tilted stack of spiraled cardiac tissue that was stimulated at the apex. The fact that the spatial pattern of the magnetic data was more complex than the simple circles observed for Vm suggests that the magnetic data contain information that cannot be found electrically.
Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Women’s Mental Health

This study aimed to explore the mental health needs of women residing in domestic violence shelters; more specifically, we aimed to identify commonalities and differences among their mental health needs. For this purpose, qualitative and quantitative data was collected from 35 women from a Midwestern domestic violence shelter. Hierarchical clustering was applied to quantitative data, and the analysis indicated a three-cluster solution. Data from the qualitative analysis also supported the differentiation of women into three distinct groups, which were interpreted as: (A) ready to change, (B) focused on negative symptoms, and (C) focused on feelings of guilt and self-blame.
A Rep recognition sequence is necessary but not sufficient for nicking of DNA by adeno-associated virus type-2 Rep proteins.

The strand-specific, site-specific endonuclease (nicking) activity of the Rep68 and Rep78 (Rep68/78) proteins of adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is involved in AAV replication, and appears to be involved in AAV site-specific integration. Rep68/78 cuts within the inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of the AAV genome and in the AAV preferred integration locus on human chromosome 19 (AAVS1). The known endonuclease cut sites are 11-16 bases away from the primary binding sites, known as Rep recognition sequences (RRSs). A linear, double-stranded segment of DNA, containing an RRS and a cut site, has previously been shown to function as a substrate for the Rep68/78 endonuclease activity. We show here that mutation of the Rep recognition sequence, within such a DNA segment derived from the AAV ITRs, eliminates the ability of this substrate to be cleaved detectably by Rep78. Rep78 nicks the RRS-containing site from AAVS1 about half as well as the linear ITR sequence. Eighteen other RRS-containing sequences found in the human genome, but outside AAVS1, are not cleaved by Rep78. These results may help to explain the specificity of AAV integration.
Notes on source materials: The Edwin Grant Conklin papers at Princeton University

The period between 1890 and 1930 was one of momentous transition in the history of modern biology. These years saw the introduction of experimental and quantitative techniques into areas of biology which had traditionally been desc iptive and qualitative. In particular, the fields of embryology, heredity, and organic evolution, were all revolutionized by the advent of experimental and mathematical analysis. Long-standing problems such as the mechanisms of embryonic differentiation and of hereditary transmission, or of the origin of species, were approached through new conceptual schemes and seemed, in some quarters at least, to have been solved at last. Yet the introduction of these techniques was not accomplished overnight, or received with universal acclaim. The transformation of biology as a whole from the morphological tradition of the nineteenth century to the experimental tradition of the twentieth was accompanied by much debate about what constituted a meaningful explanation in the life sciences. In evaluating this important period of transition the historian must look behind the public statements of research workers and seek out the origins of attitudes of individuals and of groups. In short, he must try as best he can to understand both how and why certain changes in thought patterns came about within the community of working biologists at the time. One of the historian's most valuable sources in this regard is the use of manuscript materials, in which a man's more candid opinions are often expressed, his indebtedness to others often undisguised, and the interplay of personalities can be
Flashing of Fireflies in Jamaica

DURING the past summer, the members of the Seventh Botanical Expedition of the Johns Hopkins University witnessed displays of firefly activity in the British West Indies as spectacular in their way as any reported from the Orient.
Biomechanical and Histological Effects of Augmented Soft Tissue Mobilization Therapy on Achilles Tendinopathy in a Rabbit Model

Abstract Objective Augmented soft tissue mobilization (ASTM) has been used to treat Achilles tendinopathy and is thought to promote collagen fiber realignment and hasten tendon regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical and histological effects of ASTM therapy on rabbit Achilles tendons after enzymatically induced injury. Methods This study was a non-human bench controlled research study using a rabbit model. Both Achilles tendons of 12 rabbits were injected with collagenase to produce tendon injury simulating Achilles tendinopathy. One side was then randomly allocated to receive ASTM, while the other received no treatment (control). ASTM was performed on the Achilles tendon on postoperative days 21, 24, 28, 31, 35, and 38. Tendons were harvested 10 days after treatment and examined with dynamic viscoelasticity and light microscopy. Results Cross-sectional area in the treated tendons was significantly greater than in controls. Storage modulus tended to be lower in the treated tendons but elasticity was not significantly increased. Loss modulus was significantly lower in the treated tendons. There was no significant difference found in tangent delta (loss modulus/storage modulus). Microscopy of control tendons showed that the tendon fibers were wavy and type III collagen was well stained. The tendon fibers of the augmented soft tissue mobilization treated tendons were not wavy and type III collagen was not prevalent. Conclusion Biomechanical and histological findings showed that the Achilles tendons treated with ASTM had better recovery of biomechanical function than did control tendons.
Illustration of object-oriented databases for the structure of a bill of materials

Abstract In this tutorial paper, the basic concepts of applying an object-oriented database (OODB) system, called orion , to the management of a bill of materials (BOM) is addressed. The illustration attempts to demonstrate the linkage between the needs of a CAD/CAM environment and the production planning environment with specific reference to the material requirements planning (MRP) system of the future. The structure of a composite object made up of objects is the major consideration of the proposed object-oriented BOM (OOBOM). The concentration is on composite objects in the OOBOM schema evolution, their propagations of changing object instances, and the unique object identity of each manufacturing part. The proposed OOBOM system is rudimentary, and may be embodied by using the Itasca™ system, which is a commercial OODB system whose prototype is orion , or by using the c++ language. In this paper, both viewpoints, orion and c++, are discussed.
Lipase in lipid bodies of cotyledons of rape and mustard seedlings.

Lipolytic activity was absent in the crude cotyledon extract of ungerminated rapeseed (Brassica napm L. var. Dwarf Essex), and increased to a peak at day 4 in seedling growth, concomitant with the decrease in total lipids. About 50% of the lipase activity was recovered in the lipid bodies isolated from the cotyledon extract by flotation centrifugation. Isolated lipid bodies underwent autolysis of internal triacylglycerols resulting in the release of fatty acids. After the triacylglycerols in isolated lipid bodies had been extracted with diethyl ether, the lipase was recovered in the remaining membrane fraction. The lipase had a maximal activity at pH 6.5 on trierucin, trilinolein, or endogenous triacylglycerols, and at pH 8.0 on N-methylindoxylmyristate. The lipase was most active on trierucin and trilinolein, and hydrolyzed the related di- and monoacylglycerols at lower rates. There was little enhancement of the lipase activity in the presence of NaCl, CaCl2, or detergents, and detergents in general reduced the activity. The hydrolysis of trierucin was linear until about 50% of the trierucin had been converted to erucic acid, and there was little accumulation of dierucin and monoerucin. Lipase extracted from lipid bodies isolated from germinated rapeseed of the variety Tower, which contains little or no erucic acids in the storage triacylglycerols, also had the highest activities on trierucin and trilinolein. A comparative study on mustard seed (Brassica juncea) revealed that the mustard lipase possessed characteristics very similar to those of the rapeseed lipase.