cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Phytotoxic Glycopeptide from Cultures of Corynebacterium insidiosum

Cultures of Corynebacterium insidiosum produce an extra-cellular phytotoxic glycopeptide that possesses the ability to wilt plant cuttings. Wilt induced by this glycopeptide is directly dependent upon time and upon concentration with measureable wilt occurring in 40 nm solutions in 1 hour. The organism produces 1.3 grams toxin/liter of culture medium. The toxin was purified, and the physical, chemical, and biological properties were measured. The glycopeptide has an empirical formula of C(108)H(226)O(132)N based on 1 atom of nitrogen. The molecular weight as estimated by light scattering and column gel chromatography indicated values approximating 5 x 10(6). The toxin does not dissociate into small molecular weight subunits when treated with 8 m urea or 30% pyridine.The toxin has a specific optical rotation of [alpha](5460 A) (34.5 C) = -166 degrees , an intrinsic viscosity of 0.2307 dl/g, and decomposes at 260 C. It has a blue chromophore due to copper chelation at a concentration of 75 moles copper/mole toxin. Mannose, glucose, galactose and l-fucose, with trace amounts of rhamnose and an unidentified reducing sugar, comprise 83.1% of the toxin. An unknown organic acid appearing chemically similar to a keto-deoxy organic acid comprises 8.8% of the toxin. Lysine(2), arginine(1), aspartic acid(1), threonine(1), serine(1), glutamic acid(1), glycine(2), alanine(2), valine(2), leucine(2), and isoleucine(1), form a single peptide with glycine as the sole NH(2)-terminal amino acid. The peptide-carbohydrate linkage appears to be of a glycosidic nature involving the -OH of threonine. This single peptide composes 2.6% of the toxin, and there are 77 moles peptide/mole of purified glycopeptide.
FUZZY PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF UNCERTAIN CHAOTIC SYSTEMS USING TIME SERIES

In this paper, a simple fuzzy logic based intelligent mechanism is developed for predicting and controlling a chaotic system to a desired target, using only input–output data obtained from the unknown (or uncertain) underlying chaotic system. In the chaos prediction phase, a fuzzy system approach incorporating with Gaussian type of fuzzy membership functions is used. Only system input–output data are needed for prediction, and a recursive least-squares computational algorithm is employed for the calculation. In the controller design phase, the Lyapunov stability criterion is used, which forms the basis of the main design principle. Some simulation results on the chaotic Sin map and Henon map are given, for both prediction and control, to illustrate the effectiveness and control performance of the proposed method.
Prognostic Value of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has recently emerged as a useful tool for assessing traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, the prognostic value of the relationship between DTI measures and the clinical status of severe TBI patients, both at the time of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their discharge to acute TBI rehabilitation, was assessed. Patients (n=59) admitted to the trauma center with severe closed head injuries were retrospectively evaluated after approval from the institution's institutional review board, to determine the prognostic value of DTI measures. The relationship of DTI measures, including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (λ‖) and radial diffusivity (λ⊥) from the whole brain white matter, internal capsule, genu, splenium, and body of the corpus callosum, were compared with neurological status at MRI and at discharge to acute TBI rehabilitation. Whole brain white matter averages of ADC, λ‖, and λ⊥, and their coefficient of variati...
Comparative histology of the vascular system in the domestic and game cock.

Vergleichend-histologische Untersuchung der Darmbeingefasse bei Wildhuhnern und der White-Rock-Rasse zeigen eine starkere Entwicklung der Wildhuhngefasse. Es scheint, dass das gesamte Gefas-system bei den Wildhuhnern, in Anpassung an die erhohte Herzfrequenz und den gesteigerten Blutdruck bei besondern Erregungszustanden, uber Schutzmechanismen in der Gefasswand verfugt.
System upgrades to the DIII–D facility

Abstract Major upgrades to the DIII–D facility have been performed that significantly enhance the capability of both the DIII–D device and the entire facility. The most significant of these include the rotation of a neutral beam line, installation of a new lower divertor, and a significant set of new and enhanced diagnostics. The upgrades and initial results are presented in this paper.
Electrochromatographic retention studies on a flavin-binding RNA aptamer sorbent.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides that are isolated and amplified on the basis of their recognition of a target molecule. In this study, an RNA aptamer isolated and amplified on the basis of its affinity for flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was covalently bound to the inner walls of fused-silica capillaries. This aptamer recognizes the flavin moiety of both FMN and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). When an attempt was made to evaluate these capillaries according to existing theory, the theory proved to be insufficient. We describe a new method to evaluate capillaries for use in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OTCEC) of charged analytes, which combines OTCEC and flow-counterbalanced capillary electrophoresis. This method enabled us to extract k‘ and evaluate kCEC values for these capillaries, and the dependence of these values on Mg2+ concentration was explored. The k‘ values for these capillaries ranged from 0.0951 to 0.2530 and from 0.0255 to 0.1118 for FMN and FAD, respectively.
Resting Versus Vasodilated Pressure Gradients in Assessing Stenosis Severity

The RESOLVE study by Jeremias et al. [(1)][1] in this issue of the Journal represents a commendable joint undertaking by investigative groups with differing views about the value of resting pressure gradients and the need for pharmacological vasodilation in assessing the functional severity of
Quality-of-information aware transmission policies with time-varying links

We consider Quality-of-Information (QoI) aware transmission policies in the presence of time-varying links in a mobile ad hoc network. QoI, tailored for military tactical networks, is defined by a set of attributes relevant to the application. Time-varying nature of links in practical networks leads to uncertainty in evaluating QoI utility to be delivered to end users. This delivered-QoI utility is a function of both attributes provided by the source input, as a result of observing certain events, and the channel induced attributes that impact the QoI obtained at the destination. The goal of this paper is to attain the maximum QoI output utility, termed as Operational Information Content Capacity (OICC) of a network. First, for a single link, we demonstrate that the optimal decision structure for transmission is threshold-based. Next, we consider multihop relay networks. For the basic model of a two-hop relay network, we propose transmission scheduling and link activation schemes based on approximate dynamic programming methods. Furthermore, we exploit time-variations of links by opportunistic scheduling by employing buffers at the relay node. We demonstrate that significant gains in QoI output utility are gained by opportunistic scheduling algorithms.
Empirical Bayes Gene Screening Tool for Time-Course or Dose–Response Microarray Data

Abstract An efficient method to reduce the dimensionality of microarray gene expression data from thousands or tens of thousands of cDNA clones down to a subset of the most differentially expressed cDNA clones is essential in order to simplify the massive amount of data generated from microarray experiments. An extension to the methods of Efron et al. [Efron, B., Tibshirani, R., Storey, J., Tusher, V. (2001). Empirical Bayes analysis of a microarray experiment. J. Am. Statist. Assoc. 96:1151–1160] is applied to a differential time-course experiment to determine a subset of cDNAs that have the largest probability of being differentially expressed with respect to treatment conditions across a set of unequally spaced time points. The proposed extension, which is advocated to be a screening tool, allows for inference across a continuous variable in addition to incorporating a more complex experimental design and allowing for multiple design replications. With the current data the focus is on a time-course exp...
Current status of neutron activation analysis and aplied nuclear chemistry

A review of recent scientometric studies of citations and publication data shows the present state of NAA and applied nuclear chemistry as compared to other analytical techniques.
A method for rapid freeze fixation of plant cells

We describe here an apparatus that permits rapid freeze fixation of whole cells, which are then prepared by freeze substitution and resin embedment for examination in the EM. The freezing device utilizes a rotary solenoid that rapidly plunges the specimen holder, a formvar-film-covered thin wire loop, into a well of stirred liquid propane at −180‡C. The rotary solenoid allows for an adjustable, repeatable immersion rate. Substitution takes place at −80 ‡C in acetone with 2% OsO4 and is followed by en bloc staining in either hafnium tetrachloride or uranyl acetate. We have utilized these techniques on plant cells, for which there has been relatively little published work when compared to other organisms. The results show that, with the versatile specimen holder and rapid, repeatable immersion rates, different cell types, including pollen, stamen hairs, and germinating moss spores, can be rapidly frozen with repeatable success. The improved preservation achieved with rapid freeze fixation over conventional chemical fixation reveals itself particularly in the structure of the plasmamembrane, the cytoskeleton, chromatin, and certain endomembrane systems.
Adsorption and reaction of hydrogen sulfide on thin-film cerium oxide

Abstract The adsorption and reaction of hydrogen sulfide, H 2 S, have been studied on cerium oxide thin films that were vapor deposited on Ru(0 0 0 1). The behavior of the H 2 S was examined as a function of Ce oxidation state. H 2 S weakly chemisorbs on fully oxidized CeO 2 desorbing near 155 K. Hydrogen from the H 2 S reacts with the surface O to desorb as water between 200 K and 450 K. When ca. 20% of the Ce 4+ is reduced to Ce 3+ more H 2 S dissociates to –OH and –SH and water is produced near 580 K. When the ceria is ca. 70% reduced, water formation is suppressed and H 2 desorbs near 580 K. S 2p photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the decomposition of H 2 S into –SH and then –S as the sample is annealed from 100 K to 600 K. O 1s photoemission indicated the presence of H 2 O and –OH.
Neonatal pancytopenia and severe combined immunodeficiency associated with antenatal administration of azathioprine and prednisone

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy. N Engl J Med 306:826, 1982. 6. Chirico G, Duze M, Ugazio AG, Rondini G: High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin therapy for passive immune thromboeytopenia in the neonate. J PEDIATR 103:654, 1984. 7. Schulman l: Clinical disorders of the platelets. In Nathan DG, Osaki FA, editors: hematology of infancy and childhood. Philadelphia, 1974, WB Saunders, p 645. 8. Oski FA, Naiman JL: Hematologic problems in the newborn. Philadelphia, 1982, WB Saunders, p 188. 9. Jones RE, Asher MI , Rutherford C J, Monro HM: Autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenie purpura in pregnancy and the newborn. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 84:679, 1977. 10. Brecker G, Cronkite EP: Morphology and enumeration of blood platelets. Appl Physiol 3:365, 1950.
Supercritical fluid immersion deposition: a new process for selective deposition of metal films on silicon substrates

Abstract Supercritical CO 2 is used as a new solvent for immersion deposition, a galvanic displacement process traditionally carried out in aqueous HF solutions containing metal ions, to selectively develop metal films on silicon substrates. Components of supercritical fluid immersion deposition (SFID) solutions for fabricating Cu and Pd films on silicon substrates are described along with the corresponding experimental setup and procedures. Through this method, only silicon surfaces exposed to SFID solutions can be coated. The highly pressurized and gas-like supercritical CO 2 , combined with the galvanic displacement property of immersion deposition, enables the SFID technique to deposit metal films selectively in small features. Annealing of thin palladium films deposited by SFID can lead to the formation of palladium silicide in small features on silicon substrates.
Rankers: a classification of synchronization problems

Abstract The need for synchronization of concurrent computation arises due to various reasons. All such instances where synchronization is required have been abstracted into a few well-known problems: producer-consumer, mutual exclusion, dining philosophers, etc. This paper presents a general mechanism and an accompanying methodology for solving such synchronization problems. The paper starts by recognizing a common property of all solutions to synchronization problems, namely the presence of some form of arbitration. This idea is crytallized by introducing ranks as a mechanism for carrying out arbitration, and by introducing rankers as a distributed module that computes ranks upon request. Mandatory and optional properties of rankers are specified. Based on this specification, a strict hierarchy of four increasingly powerful rankers is identified. Each ranker in this hierarchy is best suited to solve a particular class of synchronization problems and together the four rankers are sufficient for solving most synchronization problems in the literature. A general methodology for solving synchronization problems using rankers is developed. This methodology is illustrated by solving a number of synchronization problems from the literature.
Hormonal Responses During Tilt-Table Test in Neurally Mediated Syncope

The hormonal profile during tilt testing was examined in syncopal patients. An increase in the growth hormones cortisol and prolactin was found during syncope, suggesting an implication of central serotonergic activation.
Cell death in the central division of the medial preoptic nucleus of male and female lamb fetuses.

The medial preoptic area of the adult sheep contains an ovine sexually dimorphic nucleus (oSDN) that is larger and has more neurons in males than in females. In the lamb fetus, the nascent oSDN occupies the central division of the medial preoptic nucleus (MPNc) and consists of a cluster of cells that is organized by the action of testosterone during gestational days 60–90 of a 147 day term pregnancy. The current study sought to determine whether programmed cell death contributes to the emergence of the oSDN. Male and female lamb fetuses were euthanized at different ages spanning the period during which the oSDN is organized. The expression of the pro- and anti-apoptotic genes bcl-2 and bax, respectively, was measured by quantitative RT-PCR to assess possible sex differences in neuron vulnerability to programmed cell death. The appearance of DNA-fragmentation was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and used to estimate the occurrence of apoptotic cell death. We found that bcl-2 and bax mRNA expression in the medial preoptic area of the developing lamb fetus decreased during the last half of the 147-day gestation. The ratio of bcl-2/bax gene expression was highest at gestational day 85 but was equivalent between males and females. TUNEL staining in the MPNc was very low and although it decreased significantly with age, it was not significantly different between sexes. These results using two different methods to assess cell death indicate that a sex difference in the incidence of cell death is not a primary mechanism leading to sexual differentiation of the oSDN.
Order and price in a sequential auction

A sequential auction of commercial properties produced evidence that bid timing matters. Prices declined as the auction proceeded, an outcome consistent with expectations when bidders are either risk averse or quantity constrained.
The excedance algebra

Motivated by the excedance set statistic, we define the excedance algebra as the quotient algebra k { a , b } / ( b a - a b - a - b ) . We examine the expansion of any monomial in terms of the linear basis a m b n using alternating tableaux and shift invariant operators. As a result we obtain a new combinatorial interpretation of the coefficients of the Gandhi polynomials.
A Century of Skeletal Biology and Paleopathology: Contrasts, Contradictions, and Conflicts

For the first half of the 20th century, biological anthropology stagnated in a state in which racial typology was its major theoretical and methodological focus. In 1951, Sherwood Wash burn proposed the "new physical anthropology" that would move biological anthropology beyond description. Washburn repositioned it into a science that focused on process, theory, and hypothesis testing. The commitment to a process-oriented biological anthropology has been slow, but there has been progress. Biocultural studies and functional anatomy have produced a more dynamic science characterized by hypothesis testing and a heightened concern for causality. Unfortunately, a return to historical particularism has limited progress. An increasing interest in forensic application and resurgent interest in measures of population distances and migrations represents a reversion to an earlier descriptive past. [Keywords: adaptation, osteology, evolution, history]
Platinum Microelectrodes in Polymeric Microfluidic Chips: A New Fabrication Approach

Platinum microelectrodes become essential components in microfluidic devices for separation, pumping, sensing, and other bio-analyses. Due to their chemical inertness, several research groups have developed microfluidic devices with integrated platinum electrodes on silicon, quartz, or glass substrates. However, no techniques have been reported so far for depositing platinum electrodes in polymeric microchannels. In this study, a novel fabrication scheme for forming integrated microelectrodes in a poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) microchip is described. The electrode fabrication technique consists of photolithography, thermal processing, sequential sputtering of titanium and platinum and stripping off photoresist, while soft-lithography is used to form the microfluidic channels on PDMS. This approach facilitates precise positioning of the electrodes with a micron-sized gap between them, and it can be used for both low and high aspect ratio channels. The platinum electrodes, formed on the PDMS channel surface, demonstrated very good interfacial adhesion with the substrate due to the use of a very thin titanium layer between the platinum and PDMS. The surface roughness of the electrodes was found around ±50 nm.© 2006 ASME
Hydrophilic Modifications of an Amphiphilic Polynorbornene and the Effects on its Hemolytic and Antibacterial Activity

Here we report the modification of an amphiphilic antibacterial polynorbornene, Poly3, via incorporation of hydrophilic, biocompatible groups. The sugar, zwitterionic, and polyethylene glycol based moieties were incorporated in varying ratios by copolymerization and postpolymerization techniques. Well-defined copolymers with molecular weights of 3 kDa and narrow polydispersity indices ranging from 1.08 to 1.15 were obtained. The effects of these modifications on the biological activity of these polymers were analyzed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and their hemolytic activities (HC50).
Kinetic Stabilization of Ordered Intermetallic Phases as Fuel Cell Anode Materials

The influence of fuel molecules on the stability of the ordered intermetallic PtBi and PtPb phases has been extensively studied by synchrotron-based in situ X-ray grazing incidence diffraction under active electrochemical control. Cycling the potential to increasingly positive values resulted in little change to the surface composition and crystalline structure when specific fuel molecules (such as formic acid for PtBi and formic acid or methanol for PtPb) were oxidized at the intermetallic electrode surface. This was demonstrated by the absence of diffraction peaks due to Pt domains that would be generated by the leaching out of the less noble metal. This phenomenon has been rationalized as a competition process between the oxidation of fuel molecules at the electrode surface and corrosion and damage of the surface due to the electrochemical treatment. For example, PtBi electrodes, which exhibit excellent catalytic activity toward the oxidation of formic acid, could be kinetically stabilized to such a co...
Correlations Among Variables in Message and Messenger Credibility Scales

Although credibility is a complicated construct involving interrelationships among messenger, message, communication channels, and recipients, the most widely used credibility indexes seek to measure only one of those attributes at a time. This study used two widely used credibility scales to simultaneously measure message and messenger credibility. An analysis showed high correlations between the two scales and among their individual variables but still distinguished differences between messenger and message.
Evidence that the tightly bound magnesium in tubulin is associated with the N-site GTP.

Abstract In an attempt to determine whether the tightly bound Mg2+ found in purified tubulin in associated with the N-site GTP or the E-site GDP or GTP, we removed the E-site nucleotide by several means: (i) alkaline phosphatase treatment; (ii) displacement using excess GMPPCP; and (iii) polymerizing tubulin in the presence of alkaline phosphatase and non-hydrolyzable analogues. The Mg2+ content remained equal to about 1 mol mol tubulin under conditions where denaturation did not occur. Moreover, the Mg/GTP ratio always remained equal to 1. These results indicate that the Mg2+ is associated with the N-site GTP.
A GRANGER CAUSALITY APPROACH TO INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY ON THE U.S. ECONOMY: 1970.I — 1990.III

This study investigates the effects of fiscal policy on the U.S. economy within the confines of causality testing framework. A unidirectional causal flow is established from nominal GNP to fiscal expenditures and deficits. Further testing of the data indicates that although fiscal policy does not affect real output, it impacts the CPI.
Vivekananda's Ramakrsna: an Untold Story of Mythmaking and Propaganda

The author argues that the familiar Vedantin and messiah image of Rāmakrsna Paramahamsa was created deliberately by his great disciple Svāmā Vivekananda. The Svāmī's global Hindu evangelical mission called for the master's respectable image. Hence he rejected the sincere rendering of the Paramahamsa's biographies by others and, in place of the rustic ecstatic but authentic Gadadhar, fabricated the awesome figure of a modern messiah-the Vedantin Paramahamsa. This paper documents the history of this purposive distortion.
A small solar electric ion propulsion spacecraft for lunar science

A lightweight spacecraft design concept has been developed which employs solar-electric ion propulsion to conduct a lunar science mission. The design relies on off-the-shelf technology to achieve high reliability and near-term launch readiness status. Overall project costs are kept to a minimum through the concentration of mission objectives, as well as through the minimization of payload launch costs by resort to the Space Shuttle's Get-Away Special canister. Attention is given to the spacecraft's instrumentation configuration.
Photoelectron holography = holography + photoelectron diffraction

Abstract Photoelectron holography produces three dimensional images of surface sites with atomic scale (0.5A) resolution. While experimentally identical to two angle photoelectron diffraction, photoelectron holography is a true holographic technique. The atomic resolution images can be obtained by Fourier transformation. I will review the principles of holography, focusing on the orginal work of the inventor of holography, D. Gabor, and the principles of photoelectron diffraction, discussing my own view of the important steps which brought us to our present understanding. Finally I will show how photoelectron holography partially fulfills the orginal goals of Gabor and provides the long sought direct-analysis of photoelectron diffraction for surface structure determination.
Increases in Cancer Rates Among Blacks

The recent increases in cancer rates among Blacks in the United States and in other countries is examined. Black males have the highest rates, but at one time had lower rates than White males. Levy's (1983) model is employed to examine direct and indirect psychological and behavioral risk factors that might explain racial differences in the initiation and progression of cancer. Differences are noted and suggestions for needed research, including a Black Studies perspective of this issue, are offered.
Possible long-lived hyperstrange multiquark droplets

This Letter proposes, on the basis of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology bag model of hadrons, that extended, massive, multiquark states possessing great strangeness may be metastable. Such novel states of matter would have strangeness to baryon-number ratio vertical-barSvertical-bar/A approx. = 2 with A > or approx. = 10 and estimated lifetime > or approx. = 10/sup -4/ sec.
Comparison between Si(100) and Si(111) in the reaction with oxygen at high temperatures

Abstract In this letter, both the dynamics and kinetics of the reaction of oxygen molecules of Si(100)p2 × 1 and Si(111)7 × 7 and 1 × 1 surfaces are compared. In all three cases, two distinct adsorption channels were observed. For oxygen molecules with translational energies less than 0.08 eV, the initial sticking is not sensitive to the energy or the angle of incidence, but displays a high sensitivity to the surface structure. At higher energies, a second channel becomes effective. The initial sticking coefficient increases rapidly and scales with the normal component of the translational energy, but the dependence on surface structure is greatly diminished. The kinetics of SiO formation are qualitatively similar on all surfaces with slightly higher rates on Si(111).
Analysis of high molecular weight material from the polymerization of adenosine cyclic 2', 3'-phosphate.

Adenosine cyclic 2′, 3′-phosphate has been polymerized at room temperature in the dry state using 1, 2-diaminoethane at alkaline pH as catalyst. The high molecular weight products have been analyzed by several different methods, including ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography and phosphate end-group analysis. Gel permeation chromatography showed that between 3.6% and 8.1% of material higher than the hexamer was formed in 3-, 15- and 40-day reactions. The material from a large-scale, 3-day reaction mixture was first fractionated by ion exchange chromatography and the highest molecular weight material then further fractionated by gel permeation chromatography. End-group analysis on the fractions obtained by this procedure showed that 0.67% of the total reaction mixture was polymer with an average chainlength of 13.4; a trace (0.15%) of higher polymer was also formed, but there was insufficient to determine its average chainlength. The prebiological relevance of these findings is discussed.
Food duration and signal-controlled responding by pigeons

Six pigeons were exposed to a procedure in which a tone preceded response-dependent grain. Pecks during the tone omitted grain for that trial. The magnitude of reinforcement, as manipulated by feeder duration, had no effect on the frequency of omission responding. The results are interpreted in the context of Scalar Expectancy Theory.
Risk factors and consequences of anastomotic leak after colectomy: a national analysis.

BACKGROUND:Previous research has identified a number of patient and operative factors associated with anastomotic leak after colectomy; however, a study that examines these factors on a national level with direct coding for anastomotic leak is lacking.OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this work was to identi
A B3LYP study on the C–H activation in propane by neutral and +1 charged low-energy platinum clusters with 2–6 atoms

The global optimization of neutral and +1 charged Pt n (n = 2–6) clusters were conducted at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ(f) level of theory. The lowest-energy structures of neutral Pt n (n = 3–6) clusters adopt an equilateral triangle, a tetrahedron, an edge-capped tetrahedron, and a prism structure, respectively. The insertion of Pt n (n = 2–6) into one of the central C–H bonds in propane, Pt n + C3H8 → H–Pt n –CH(CH3)2, was studied subsequently for selected low-energy Pt cluster structures. We found that the Pt n global minimum does not necessary make the most contribution to the catalyzed dehydrogenation of propane. For example, the prism structure in the septet electronic state is the global minimum of Pt6, yet the 5Pt6 edge-capped pyramid structure makes significantly more contribution to the activation of C–H bonds in propane. In sum, the energy barrier for the Pt2 + C3H8 → H–Pt2–CH(CH3)2 reaction is 33 kJ/mol; Pt3–6 have significantly lower barriers of 4–16 kJ/mol. The +1 charged Pt + (n = 2–6) clusters are much more active towards propane than their neutral counterparts because of the large amount of energy (30–140 kJ/mol) released in the formation of the Pt + –C3H8 reactant complex. A similar charge effect is also observed for the larger Pt10 + cluster.
A study of the supermarket industry and its growing logistics capabilities

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze and identify commonalities and differences between the supermarket industry and its logistics capabilities in developed economies such as North America, the European Union and Japan, as well as the emerging Asian economy of India.Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative analysis, based on data, other pertinent information gathered from reports on various economies within the supermarket industry and personal interactions with a few supermarket chains managers, is used to derive various insights of strategic value in retailing and distribution. Major industry practices and logistics trends are examined and answers are sought to important business questions.Findings – The results of analysis show that the supermarket industry is customizing operating strategies. Efficient consumer response (ECR) standards are becoming a common method used to increase the supermarket supply chain efficiencies that are driving logistics trends within the industry. The trends include exp...
Hydrogen-monovacancy interactions in the noble metals

Argues that hydrogen solubility measurements showing H-metal solutions in equilibrium with H/sub 2/ gas at atmospheric pressure in Cu, Au, and Ag may be due to the interaction between monovacancies and H atoms. Finds that the ''entropy anomaly'' in Au-H solutions may be explained in terms of vacancies acting as deep traps in gold. Points out that even if the H-vacancy interaction in Au is relatively weak, it should make itself manifest in the diffusion behavior of H in Au. Reports that experiments are now being initiated concerning H-diffusivity in annealed gold spanning large temperature ranges and at low temperatures in gold samples quenched from high temperatures.
Evaluating three cotton simulation models under different irrigation regimes

Abstract Crop growth/irrigation scheduling simulation models are becoming an integral part of crop management schemes designed to maximize input use. The selection of a particular model over others must be based on the model's performance under local conditions. Three crop simulation models, COTTAM, GOSSYM and IRRSCH, were evaluated for their accuracy in approximating field-observed crop water stress index (CWSI) of cotton grown under different irrigation regimes in a semiarid environment. The purpose is to use CWSI measured in the field to evaluate and to select an appropriate simulation model to schedule irrigation for cotton production. Generally, CWSI predicted by the models was lower than the measured values. Comparatively, IRRSCH was the best of all the models in predicting CWSI regardless of the irrigation treatments. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference (at 95% significance level) between the measured and the predicted CWSI by IRRSCH when cotton was irrigated at −0.40 MPa in 1983. Analysis of variance of paired data showed that COTTAM and IRRSCH predicted similar CWSI (P = 0.05) in cotton irrigated at −1.50 MPa in 1983. This study showed IRRSCH, a simple water balance model, is superior to COTTAM and GOSSYM in approximating CWSI at water stress levels most encountered in irrigated fields (−0.15 and −0.40 MPa) and best approximates field water balance.
Abstract 23: Sanguinarine suppresses survivin expression and inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells

Background: Prostate cancer is a frequently occurring disease and is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths of men in the United States. Current treatments have proved inadequate in curing or controlling prostate cancer and a search for agents for the management of this disease is urgently needed. Survivin plays an important role in both progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer and resistance to chemotherapy. Altered expression of survivin in prostate cancer cells is associated with cancer progression, drug/radiation resistance, poor prognosis and short patient survival. Methods: We performed a cell based rapid screen of the Prestwick Chemical Library consisting of 1120 FDA-approved compounds with known safety and bioavailability in humans to identify potential inhibitors of survivin and anti-cancer agents for prostate cancer. Results: Sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived primarily from the bloodroot plant, was identified as a novel inhibitor of survivin that selectively kills prostate cancer cells over “normal” prostate epithelial cells. We found that sanguinarine inhibits survivin protein expression through protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Sanguinarine induces apoptosis and inhibits tumor formation and growth of human prostate cancer cells. Administration of sanguinarine, beginning 3 days post ectopic implantation of DU145 human prostate cancer cells, reduces both tumor weight and volume by more than 70% compared to the control treated mice with no apparent toxicity. In addition, sanguinarine sensitized prostate cancer cells to paclitaxel-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming taxol resistance. Conclusions: These results suggest that sanguinarine may be developed as an agent either alone or in combination with taxol for treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer overexpressing survivin. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 23.
GABAergic Neurons and Their Role in Cortical Plasticity in Primates

GABA neurons and GABA receptors are conspicuous elements of cerebral cortical organization. They serve to shape the stimulus-response properties of neurons in the sensory areas and undoubtedly play a comparable role in the nonsensory areas as well. Although non-GABAergic local circuit neurons exist in the cerebral cortex, the variety of forms adopted by the GABAergic neurons and their important functional role have served to focus attention on the latter in investigations of local cortical circuitry. In primate neocortex, GABAergic neurons constitute approximately 25-30% of the neuronal population. In addition to their known or postulated functions in shaping neuronal receptive fields and response profiles, some of which are still controversial (Sillito, 1984; Ferster, 1986), their transmitter, GABA, and the major class of receptor upon which it acts are regulated in an activity-dependent manner even in the adult (Jones, 1990). In this, there is a potential mechanism for the plasticity of representational maps that is demonstrable in somatic sensory, motor, auditory, and visual cortex (Merzenich et al., 1983; Sanes et al., 1988; Robertson and Irvine, 1989; Kaas et al., 1990).
Design and implementation of a strategy to reduce bacteriophage infection of dairy starter cultures.

Abstract Bacteriophages can cause a significant economic loss for the dairy industry which uses lactic starter cultures to produce fermented dairy products including cheeses and yoghurt. Over the past 25 years, a number of different approaches have been explored and implemented to reduce the problems of bacteriophage infection in part through the development of bacteriophage resistant lactic acid starter culture strains. A strategy employing antisense RNA designed against essential bacteriophage replication functions has proven to be a unique system for engineering bacteriophage resistant Lactococcus lactis starter cultures. Resistance to a class of bacteriophages has been achieved, for example, by expression of an antisense RNA targeted against a conserved yet cryptic bacteriophage gene. This approach may prove useful for engineering a set of truly isogenic strains to be used in a starter culture rotation plan.
A reassessment of the role of the Learning Style Inventory (LSI-1985) in accounting education research

Abstract This paper reexamines the cautionary theme advanced recently in Stout and Ruble (1991a; 1991b) regarding the use of the LSI-1985 in accounting education research. We focus on evidence relevant to the construct validity of the LSI-1985 and identify a number of psychometric problems with the instrument. The evidence regarding the measurement properties of the LSI-1985 (in both its standard and scrambled versions) argues for suspension of its use in accounting education research. In short, the LSI-1985 does not provide meaningful measures of the learning style constructs posited by the Experiential Learning Model (ELM).
Image retrieval based on region shape similarity

This paper presents an image retrieval method based on region shape similarity. In our approach, we first segment images into primitive regions and then combine some of the primitive regions to generate meaningful composite shapes, which are used as semantic units of the images during the similarity assessment process. We employ three global shape features and a set of normalized Fourier descriptors to characterize each meaningful shape. All these features are invariant under similar transformations. Finally, we measure the similarity between two image by finding the most similar pair of shapes in the two images. Our approach has demonstrated good performance in our retrieval experiments on clipart images.
Elimination of the electromagnetic potentials

Aharonov and Bohm found electromagnetic effects in quantum mechanics that they ascribed to the electromagnetic potentials, rather than to the fields. On the other hand, in Chambers’ paper, which experimentally supported the Aharonov-Bohm predictions for one (slightly different) experimental arrangement, an argument due to Pryce was given which showed that in this instance the effect could as well be ascribed to leakage fields. The present paper will show that even with the original experimental arrangement of Aharonov and Bohm (having no leakage field)changes in the interference pattern could be attributed again to electromagnetic fields. The calculation will be performed in two ways; the second method will be generalized to show thatall electromagnetic effects can be ascribed to fields, although it will then be necessary to admit present effects of fields in the past.
Interleukin-1 – Its Multiple Biological Effects and Its Association with Hemodialysis

It has been proposed that monocyte activation during hemodialysis involves the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and related cytokines. In this review, the biological properties of recombinant human IL-1 are discussed with particular emphasis on hemodialysis. Models of monocyte activation which likely occur during hemodialysis are presented. We conclude that pyrogens, solutes, complement components and the physical nature of the dialysis membrane itself contribute to monocyte activation and cytokine release.
Multilayer lattice relaxation at metal surfaces

Relaxation at simple metal surfaces is studied via minimization of the total energy of a semi-infinite crystal. Systematic analysis of the contributions to the total energy demonstrates the importance of a proper, three-dimensional treatment of electronic response. Multilayer relaxation is shown to be essential for quantitative predictions. Results for the low-index faces of Na and for Al(110) are presented. Good agreement with detailed low-energy electron diffraction data for oscillatory multilayer relaxation in Al(110) is obtained.
Cardiovascular effects of substance P peptides in the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Abstract Microinjection of the neuropeptide substance P (SP) into the baroreceptor portions of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) caused a dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), consistent with the putative role for SP as a transmitter in the baroreceptor reflex arc. In contrast, SP elevated BP and HR when microinjected into the adjacent area postrema. Structure-activity studies of effects of SP in the NTS revealed that an aminoterminal heptapeptide fragment of SP could fully reproduce the depressor and bradycardiac effects of SP. In contrast, a car☐yterminal hexapeptide fragment of SP significantly elevated both BP and HR. The structural requirements for aminoterminal fragment effects were quite specific in terms of peptide length and sensitivity to D -amino acid substitutions. These findings are consistent with a role for SP as a baroreceptor reflex transmitter and suggest, furthermore, that this action is mediated by the aminoterminal region of SP.
Correlation of CO+ desorption energy with adsorbed CO structure on Rh(111)

Abstract A strong correlation has been observed between the energy of electronically desorbed CO+ and the structure of adsorbed CO on Rh(111). In the initial stages of adsorption CO occupies singly coordinated on-top sites. At approximately 1 L exposure bridging sites begin filling. It has been found that changes in the CO+ desorption energy distribution can be clearly correlated with the CO adsorption site change.
Sonosynthesis of nanostructured TiO2 doped with transition metals having variable bandgap

Abstract Here is described a sonosynthesis method to produce nanostructured TiO 2 pure and doped (Al, C, Co, Fe and Rh). The synthesized TiO 2 is amorphous and is transformed to anatase, brookite or rutile by heat treatments at temperatures between 100 and 300 °C. Pure TiO 2 can be partially transformed to brookite between 100 and 300 °C. The band gap in all heat treated samples from 100–600 °C is relatively constant, 3.2 eV, except for those doped with Fe. This effect on the band gap is the results of a bi/tri-crystal (anatase:brookite:rutile) framework. Rhodium is the most effective dopant to narrow the band gap, the opposite effect is observed with C. In single phase frameworks the bandgap can be modified ranges from 2.38 to 4.10 eV depending on the dopant. TiO 2 lattices are rigid enough to promote an outwards diffusion of the dopants to the surface of the particles forming nanostructured precipitates. The precipitates develop a network of quantum-dots with sizes between 5 and 10 nm.
An Ammonia Equivalent for the Palladium-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl Halides and Triflates

Abstract Commercially available benzophenone imine serves as a convenient ammonia equivalent in the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl halides and triflates. The benzophenone imine adducts can be cleaved directly to the corresponding primary anilines by catalytic hydrogenation or treatment with hydroxylamine hydrochloride or a catalytic amount of HCl in wet THF. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
NPY and Stress 30 Years Later: The Peripheral View

Almost 30 years ago, neuropeptide Y (NPY) was discovered as a sympathetic co-transmitter and one of the most evolutionarily conserved peptides abundantly present all over the body. Soon afterward, NPY’s multiple receptors were characterized and cloned, and the peptide’s role in stress was first documented. NPY has proven to be pivotal for maintaining many stress responses. Most notably, NPY is known for activating long-lasting vasoconstriction in many vascular beds, including coronary arteries. More recently, NPY was found to play a role in stress-induced accretion of adipose tissue which many times can lead to detrimental metabolic changes. It is however due to its prominent actions in the brain, one of which is its powerful ability to stimulate appetite as well as its anxiolytic activities that NPY became a peptide of importance in neuroscience. In contrast, its actions in the rest of the body, including its role as a stress mediator, remained, surprisingly underappreciated and not well understood. Our research has focused on that other, “peripheral” side of NPY. In this review, we will discuss those actions of NPY on the cardiovascular system and metabolism, as they relate to adaptation to stress, and attempt to both distinguish NPY’s effects from and integrate them with the effects of the classical stress mediators, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines. To limit the bias of someone (ZZ) who has viewed the world of stress through the eyes of NPY for over 20 years, fresh insight (DH) has been solicited to more objectively assess NPY’s contributions to stress-related diseases and the body’s ability to adapt to stress.
Effects of chemical environment on the carbonyl group

Ab initio single-determinant SCF-MO wave functions expressed in a Gaussian-lobe basis set are reported for a series of carbonyl compounds of moderate size: formaldehyde, trans-aciolein, propynal, ketene, and cyclopropanone. These approximate calculations produce dipole moments in reasonable agreement with experimentally established values. Difference density plots illustrate the rearrangements in charge distribution associated with substituents to the carbonyl fragment. These rearrangements are easily correlated with the physical properties and chemical behavior of carbonyl compounds, which indicates that difference densities can serve as the pattern for classifications of chemical types of the carbonyl group.
Anaplastic ganglioglioma: a report of three cases and review of the literature

Gangliogliomas are rare tumors of the central nervous system that are thought to arise from a glioneuronal precursor and consist of both neuronal and glial elements. Grade III, or anaplastic ganglioglioma (AGG), most commonly affects children and young adults, generally arises in a supratentorial location, is highly epileptogenic, and often results in diffuse local and distant failure within the craniospinal axis. Pathologically, these tumors are graded by the degree of malignancy in their glial portion and radiologic diagnosis is difficult due to the wide variation in its degree of solid and cystic components, contrast uptake, and calcification patterns. This report presents three cases of AGG, with initial treatment including subtotal resection followed by conformal radiotherapy. In the case where the AGG developed in the setting of an existent low-grade astrocytoma, the patient received no chemotherapy. Both of the other de novo cases were managed with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide. Recurrence occurred at 6, 16, and 20 months following therapy. Two of the three patients experienced symptomatic decline at recurrence, but experienced Karnofsky performance status (KPS) improvement after salvage therapy, including the reduction of cranial neuropathy and balance. All patients had a significant reduction in presenting symptoms following salvage therapy. Patients died at 23, 20, and 22 months following initial surgical management, respectively. A review of anaplastic and malignant gangliogliomas is presented in the context of these three cases.