cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic codes for constrained channels

Arithmetic codes have been studied in the context of compression coding, i.e., transformations to code strings which take up less storage space or require less transmission time over a communications link. Another application of coding theory is that of noiseless channel coding, where constraints on strings in the channel symbol alphabet prevent an obvious mapping of data strings to channel strings. An interesting duality exists between compression coding and channel coding. The source alphabet and code alphabet of a compression system correspond, respectively, to the channel alphabet and data alphabet of a constrained channel system. The decodability criterion of compression codes corresponds to the representability criterion of constrained channel codes, as the generalized Kraft Inequality has a dual inequality due to the senior author.
Symptom development in Vietnam era veterans.

Recent studies and clinical reports concerning Vietnam returnees have led to contradictory conclusions as to maladjustment. A questionnaire and symptom checklist was obtain-d from 207 veterans. Significant differences in the mean number of symptoms (e.g., recurrent nightmares, fears, etc.) were found between the combat and non-combat groups.
On the Survivability of Routing Protocols in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

Survivable routing protocols are able to provide service in the presence of attacks and failures. The strongest attacks that protocols can experience are attacks where adversaries have full control of a number of authenticated nodes that behave arbitrarily to disrupt the network, also referred to as Byzantine attacks. This work examines the survivability of ad hoc wireless routing protocols in the presence of several Byzantine attacks: black holes, flood rushing, wormholes and overlay network wormholes. Traditional secure routing protocols that assume authenticated nodes can always be trusted, fail to defend against such attacks. Our protocol, ODSBR, is an on-demand wireless routing protocol able to provide correct service in the presence of failures and Byzantine attacks. We demonstrate through simulation its effectiveness in mitigating such attacks. Our analysis of the impact of these attacks versus the adversarys effort gives insights into their relative strengths, their interaction and their importance when designing wireless routing protocols.
How Does Decentralisation Affect the Welfare State? Territorial Politics and the Welfare State in the UK and US

The relationship between political decentralisation and the welfare state is much studied, and large-scale studies have repeatedly found that decentralised states have less generous welfare states. How do we fit that with other studies that emphasise the potential of decentralisation to raise welfare standards? This article argues that decentralisation, as a variable, is too broad and it is more efficient to focus on the structure of veto players in the central state, intergovernmental relations and intergovernmental finance. Those are the actual mechanisms that connect decentralisation to the welfare states, and they can all vary independently of decentralisation. It uses recent changes in the United States and United Kingdom as examples. The fragmentation and average weakness of the US welfare state is mostly due to a federal government riddled with internal veto points that permits considerable interstate variation and low overall average provision, while tight central control on finances in the UK means that most variation is in the organisation, rather than levels, of social services.
A formal analysis of protocol-independent security threats in VANETs

Vehicular Ad Hoc networks (VANETs) are fast emerging as the dominant model for intelligent traffic control. In the recent years, increasing number of researchers investigated various privacy and security issues such as key management, identity and location based attacks etc. and suggested protocols to defend against these issues. In this paper, we use data centric approach and formal security models to identify protocol-independent security issues inherent in VANETs. In particular, we analyze how message latency can be exploited in time critical services such as collision warning, disaster alerts etc. We introduce the concept of Zero Barrier for time critical services and derive key conditions to be satisfied whenever a new protocol is considered.
Mechanisms of Avian Retroviral Host Range Extension

Alpharetroviruses provide a useful system for the study of the molecular mechanisms of host range and receptor interaction. These viruses can be divided into subgroups based on diverse receptor usage due to variability within the two host range determining regions, hr1 and hr2, in their envelope glycoprotein SU (gp85). In previous work, our laboratory described selection from a subgroup B avian sarcoma-leukosis virus of an extended-host-range variant (LT/SI) with two adjacent amino acid substitutions in hr1. This virus retains its ability to use the subgroup BD receptor but can also infect QT6/BD cells, which bear a related subgroup E receptor (R. A. Taplitz and J. M. Coffin, J. Virol 71:7814-7819, 1997). Here, we report further analysis of this unusual variant. First, one (L154S) of the two substitutions is sufficient for host range extension, while the other (T155I) does not alter host range. Second, these mutations extend host range to non-avian cell types, including human, dog, cat, mouse, rat, and hamster. Third, interference experiments imply that the mutants interact efficiently with the subgroup BD receptor and possibly the related subgroup E receptor, but they have another means of entry that is not dependent on these interactions. Fourth, binding studies indicate that the mutant SU proteins retain the ability to interact as monomers with subgroup BD and BDE receptors but only bind the subgroup E receptor in the context of an Env trimer. Further, the mutant SU proteins bind well to chicken cells but do not bind any better than wild-type subgroup B to QT6 or human cells, even though the corresponding viruses are capable of infecting these cells.
Interactions between energy surplus and short-term exercise on glucose and insulin responses in healthy people with induced, mild insulin insensitivity

Abstract Short-term exercise can enhance insulin action, but the effect may be negated by the opposing action of energy surplus. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that a single exercise bout would increase insulin action, even when opposed by a concurrent energy surplus. After 2 days in energy balance without exercise, baseline glucose and insulin areas under the curve and the insulin sensitivity index (C-ISI) were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test in 9 healthy, habitually active subjects (6 males, 3 females). A state of relative insulin insensitivity was then induced by systematic overfeeding (OF) to generate a daily energy surplus of 768 ± 203 kcal/d for 3 days, and the oral glucose tolerance test was repeated. In the following 24 hours, the OF was increased ∼2-fold (+6284 ± 1669 kJ/d) and subjects performed a single bout of exercise (expenditure = 3063 ± 803 kJ) to maintain the same energy surplus (+3125 ± 933 kJ/d; OF and exercise) as OF. After OF, fasting insulin tended to be higher (+36%, P = .099), insulin AUC rose by 38% (P = .002), and C-ISI declined from 6.6 ± 3.1 to 4.6 ± 1.8 (P = .007) compared with baseline. After OF and exercise, fasting insulin remained elevated (+43% compared with baseline; P = .043) and C-ISI rose only slightly (4.6 ± 1.8 to 5.2 ± 2.3; P = .058), but insulin AUC declined by 20% (P = .048) compared with OF. A single exercise bout, opposed by a concurrent energy surplus, decreased the insulin response to a glucose challenge, but only partially restored the insulin AUC to baseline and had no impact on C-ISI or fasting insulin concentrations.
Fuzzy dynamic programming: theory and applications to decision and control

We provide a guided tour of the essential elements of fuzzy dynamic programming. We present both the aspects that are now classic in any discussion of the topic as well as its modern variants including our recently introduced fuzzy criterion dynamic programming. We include the computational aspects a well as various key real world applications. We conclude with a paint brush of the research topics that have potential for significant contributions to the field.
Postbuckling behavior of selected graphite-epoxy cylindrical panels loaded in axial compression

Results of an experimental and analytical study of the postbuckling behavior of selected graphite-epoxy cylindrical panels loaded in axial compression are presented. The postbuckling response and failure characteristics of the panels are described. The postbuckling response of each specimen is typical of axially-compressed cylindrical shells and curved panels in that a severe reduction in load occurs at buckling. Failure of all panels initiated near regions with severe local bending gradients. Analytical results from a nonlinear general shell finite element analysis computer code correlate well with typical experimental results up to buckling. Measured initial geometric imperfections were included in the postbuckling analysis. Analytically-determined stress distributions in the postbuckling response were used with failure criteria to identify the load level and the location of first-ply failure.
Missão Integral [holistic mission or the ‘whole Gospel’] applied: Brazilian evangelical models of holistic mission in the Arab-Muslim world

In this article, I will first show the historical development of this theological approach within the Brazilian and Latin American evangelical spheres through the work of the Latin American Theological Fraternity – a movement founded in 1970 that maintained historic evangelical values (i.e. a high view of Scripture, the necessity of conversion) whilst also taking Latin America’s great social needs into account. Nurtured by thinkers such as Rene Padilla (Ecuador), Orlando Costas (Puerto Rico), Samuel Escobar (Peru), and later Valdir Steuernagel (Brazil), the movement has not only responded to the concerns raised by Liberation theologians, but it has also influenced the direction of the Lausanne Movement – an expression of global evangelicalism. Secondly, I will discuss how missao integral has found its way into the missional ‘bloodstream’ and become a central value for some Brazilian and Latin American missions organisations, including Missao Antioquia (1975) and PM International (1984). Finally, based on 55 interviews conducted in 2009–2010 with Brazilian workers and mission leaders focusing on the Arab world, I will show how Brazilian workers are demonstrating missao integral through their ministries and also why this approach is relevant in the Arab-Muslim world.
Win the Brand Relevance Battle and then Build Competitor Barriers

The only way to achieve real growth is to develop offerings so innovative that they create new categories or subcategories making competitors irrelevant because they lack a “must have” feature or benefit—to win the brand relevance competition. The alternative, engaging in “my brand is better than your brand” brand preference competition, virtually never works because of market inertia. This article, based in part on hundreds of case studies, shows how to identify the “must haves” and discusses barriers to competitors such as going beyond functional benefits, finding shared interests with customers, ongoing innovation, superior execution, scaling the concept, becoming an exemplar, and branding the innovation.
Intermediary Beings in Late Antique Judaism: A History of Scholarship

Recent years have seen a steady rise in the scholarly interest in intermediary beings in Late Antique Judaism. The present article traces developments in the academic study of intermediary beings, and surveys scholarly approaches to angels, demons, and other intermediary beings in (1) rabbinic literature, (2) Late Antique Jewish liturgy, (3) Hekhalot literature, and (4) material artifacts such as metal amulets and clay bowls. It traces a shift from a nineteenth-century discomfort with intermediary beings and a concomitant suggestion that such beings are a foreign import and corruption, to a more recent interest in examining how intermediary beings functioned within a dynamic and transcultural Late Antique Jewish world. The article concludes by proposing new and continued areas of interest for scholars of Late Antique Judaism.
Is there a role for assessment in smoking cessation treatment

Recent strides have been made in smoking cessation as a number of behavioral and pharmacological treatments have proven effective. These treatments are briefly reviewed. The role of assessment in the treatment process, however, is less clear. Indeed, to date, there are few data suggesting that specialized assessment can be used to guide prescriptive treatment. As such, the question becomes one of how, or whether, assessment should be used in smoking cessation. We address these questions and argue that despite the dearth of empirical substantiation, certain aspects of smoking behavior should be assessed in that they: (1) help identify behavioral, physiological, and psychological conditions that maintain smoking, (2) help describe the problem (smoking) with enough clarity to foster both clinical understanding and diagnosis, and (3) offer prediction and evaluation of treatment process and outcome. Promising assessment-based treatments are also discussed, as well as recommendations for future directions pertaining to the role of assessment in smoking cessation.
SEU Mitigation and Validation of the LEON3 Soft Processor Using Triple Modular Redundancy for Space Processing

Processors are an essential component in most satellite payload electronics and handle a variety of functions including command handling and data processing. There is growing interest in implementing soft processors on commercial FPGAs within satellites. Commercial FPGAs offer reconfigurability, large logic density, and I/O bandwidth; however, they are sensitive to ionizing radiation and systems developed for space must implement single-event upset mitigation to operate reliably. This paper investigates the improvements in reliability of a LEON3 soft processor operating on a SRAM-based FPGA when using triple-modular redundancy and other processor-specific mitigation techniques. The improvements in reliability provided by these techniques are validated with both fault injection and heavy ion radiation tests. The fault injection experiments indicate an improvement of 51× and the radiation testing results demonstrate an average improvement of 10×. Orbit failure rate estimations were computed and suggest that the TMR LEON3 processor has a mean-time to failure of over 76 years in a geosynchronous orbit.
Effect of Triparanol (MER/29) on Gorticosterone Secretion by Rat Adrenals.

SummaryTriparanol feeding produces a significant reduction in the amount of corticosterone secreted by the adrenals of rats subjected to surgery and bleeding. It is postulated that this reduction is secondary to the marked decrease in adrenal cholesterol which results from triparanol therapy.
Effect of Fanbeam Focus Misalignment on Multihead SPECT Imaging

Multihead camera inspection usually examines only head alignment with parallel-hole collimators, therefore, fanbeam collimators are not analyzed. We demonstrate that acceptance testing should include evaluating fanbeam collimator alignment. Methods: Two sets of low-energy ultra-high resolution (LEUHR) fanbeam collimators, Sets A (misaligned) and B (aligned), were examined. SPECT acquisitions were acquired for the three point sources aligned in the Z and Y directions, offset in the X direction and a three-dimensional Hoffman brain phantom. Results: Cinematic display of the raw data revealed artifactual motion in the Y direction for collimator Set A (misaligned), a SPECT spatial resolution (FWHM) increase of 4 mm in the Y direction and 1 mm in the X direction for Set A compared to Set B. Reconstructed images from the three-dimensional Hoffman brain phantom resulted in no clinical discernible differences. Conclusion: We recommend testing fanbeam collimators during acceptance testing, before patient data is assumed to be reliable.
Celadonite in continental flood basalts of the Columbia River Basalt Group

Celadonite is a common alteration product of basalts in marine environments. It has been argued that marine fluids are necessary for celadonite formation, possibly by providing a source of K and other dissolved cations. Laterally extensive deposits of celadonite occur in basalts of the Grande Ronde Basalt of the Columbia River Basalt Group. The celadonite is found in scoriaceous flow tops of layered basalt flows, where it fills vesicles and replaces the surrounding groundmass. Evolved interstitial glasses are present in the basalts and dissolution of these glasses may provide sufficient K for celadonite formation, whereas dissolution of groundmass augite provides a source of Mg and Fe. These observations show that alteration by seawater or any other external source of dissolved ions is not necessarily required for celadonite formation.
Current trend in fabrication of complex morphologically tunable superhydrophobic nano scale surfaces

Abstract Superhydrophobic surfaces are found in nature and possess several fascinating properties, including the ability to self-clean. A typical superhydrophobic surface has micro/nanostructure roughness and low surface energy, which combine to give it its unusual anti-wetting properties. Because of their unique capabilities, these surfaces have interested scientists in research and industry fields for years. In recent decades, researchers have developed a number of synthetic methods for producing novel superhydrophobic surfaces that mimic natural surfaces. These synthetic surfaces have been widely applied on different types of substrates for potential widespread, practical applications. This review article focuses on these advances in fabricating manmade superhydrophobic surfaces.
Lysophosphatidic acid receptors and the downstream signaling pathways in regulation of cardiac cell growth

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid messenger with multiple biological functions, including induction of neurite retraction, stress fiber formation, promotion of platelet aggregation and stimulation of smooth muscle contraction and cell proliferation. LPA exerts various biological functions through G protein-coupled receptors and the downstream cellular signaling pathways. LPA and its receptors may also play important roles in the heart since several LPA receptor subtypes exist in the heart and especially the level of LPA1 subtype is the second highest, just lower than that in the brain. The review was focused on 5 subtypes of LPA receptor, mainly on their tissue expression pattern, coupled G proteins and signal pathways, as well as the roles of LPA and its receptors in regulation of cardiac cell growth.
Applicability Analysis on Simplified Model of Interphase Power Controllers

According to the application that interphase power controllers(IPCs) limit short-circuit currents,its prototype structure is described.Furthermore,the series model and current source model of IPCs are presented.Based on the current source model of IPCs,the mechanism of short-circuit currents limitation and influence factors of application are demonstrated.Finally,the IEEE five nodes system with IPC is simulated for analyzing the functions of these two models in application research.Three conclusions are derived form the results.(1) The features of IPCs limiting short-circuit currents are influenced by the system parameters,load situation,and device parameters.(2) The series model of IPCs can be used to reasonableness examinations of equipment design parameters and the power flow calculations.(3) The current source model of IPCs can be applied to short-circuit current calculations and electromechanical transient researches.
Mapping API elements for code migration with vector representations

Mapping API elements has a significant role in software development, especially in code migration. A manual process of defining the migration is tedious and error-prone while recent approaches to automatically mine API mappings are limited to discover the mappings with textually similar APIs’ names. This leads to the low accuracy in existing migration tools.We propose an approach to automatically mine API mappings which overcomes the lexical mismatch problem. We represent an API by its usages instead of its name.To characterize an API with its context consisting of surrounding APIs in its usages, we take advantage of Word2Vec model to project the APIs of Java JDK and C# .NET into corresponding continuous vector spaces. The semantic relations among APIs will be observed in those continuous space as the geometric arrangements between their representation vectors in two vector spaces.We use a learning approach to derive the linear (e.g., rotating and scaling) transformation function between two vector spaces. Transformation function is trained from human-defined pairs of API mappings from Java to C#. To find the C# API mapping with a given Java API, we use the learned function to compute its transformed vector in the C# vector space. Then, the C# API which has the most similar vector with the transformed vector is considered as the result. Our experiment shows that for just one suggestion, we are able to correctly derive the API in C# in almost 43% of the cases. With 5 suggestions, we can correctly suggest the correct C# API in almost 3 out of 4 cases (73.2%).
Iridotomie und Irisnaht bei extrakapsulärer Kataraktextraktion mit HKL-Implantation. Indikation und Ergebnisse

Die kalkulierbaren Komplikationen bei mikrochirurgischen Eingriffen am Auge werden minimiert, wenn die einzelnen Operationsschritte in der notigen Uberschaubarkeit durchgefuhrt werden konnen. Dies gilt in besonderem Mase fur die extrakapsulare Operationstechnik. Dabei stellt die wahrend der Operation ausreichend diktierte Pupille ein wichtiges Kriterium dar. Fur mehrere Schritte der extrakapsularen Kataraktextraktion stellt die ausreichend erweiterte Pupille eine wichtige Voraussetzung dar: 1. Bei der vorderen Kapsulotomie; 2. bei der Phakoemulsifikation oder Expression des Linsenkerns; 3. beim Absaugen der Linsenrinde; 4. bei der Implantation der Hinterkammerlinse (HKL) unter dem Aspekt der beidseitigen Bugelpositionierung entweder in den Kapselsack oder in den Sulcus ciliaris. Falls medikamentos zu Beginn der Operation eine Pupillendilatation von mindestens 4–5 mm aus unterschiedlichen Grunden nicht erreicht werden kann, sind operative Hilfsmasnahmen angezeigt, z. B. auch im Sinne einer passageren Iridotomie.
Corchorus Olitorius Linn: A Rich Source of Ω3-Fatty Acids.

Fatty acids composition of Corchorus olitorius Linn were identified as their methyl esters using accurate mass gas chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GCQTOF) in chemical ionization (CI) and electron ionization (EI) modes. The leaves which are the edible part of the plant were found to be very rich in ω3- octadecatriene fatty acid reaching up to more than 49 % of the total fatty acids contents. This is the first report to unequivocally detect ω-3 fatty acid in Corchorus olitorius Linn with a much higher concentration than any other reported vegetable and further investigation into its health effects are clearly warranted.
Quantile Regression: Computational Aspects of Quantile Regression

Although early advocates of absolute error methods like Boscovitch, Laplace, and Edgeworth all suggested ingenious methods for minimizing sums of absolute errors for bivariate regression problems, it was not until the introduction of the simplex algorithm in the late 1940s, and the formulation of the l 1 regression problem as a linear program somewhat later, that a practical, general method for computing absolute error regression estimates was made available. We have already seen that the linear programming formulation of quantile regression is an indispensable tool for understanding its statistical behavior. Like the Euclidean geometry of the least-squares estimator, the polyhedral geometry of minimizing weighted sums of absolute errors plays a crucial role in understanding these methods. This chapter begins with a brief account of the classical theory of linear programming, stressing its geometrical nature and introducing the simplex method. The simplex approach to computing quantile regression estimates is then described and the special role of simplex-based methods for “sensitivity analysis” is emphasized. Parametric programming in a variety of quantile regression contexts is treated in Section 6.3. Section 6.4 describes some recent developments in computation that rely on “interior point” methods for solving linear programs. These new techniques are especially valuable in large quantile regression applications, where the simplex approach becomes impractical. Further gains in computational efficiency are possible by preprocessing of the linear programming problems as described in Section 6.5. Interior point methods are also highly relevant for nonlinear quantile regression problems, a topic addressed in Section 6.6.
Photogrammetric Surveys for Archaeology in Swaziland

AbstractThe principles of Photogrammetry are described briefly.The results of Photogrammetry from tripod-mounted photography taken in Swaziland are presented as illustrations of the technique.
Abstract 5062: Ovarian cancer cells induce the microenvironment changes and subsequently promote disease propagation and dissemination through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enrichment of tumorigenic cells

Ovarian cancer has the highest mortality rate of all gynecological cancers primarily due to the high incidence of metastatic spread prior to diagnosis. Understanding the biology of this malignancy and developing models that reflect the patient disease phenotype will create opportunities for testing targeted therapy. We used the Ovcar 3 cell line to establish a metastasis model through serial in vivo passage. After the treatment of docetaxel and carboplatin, the characteristics of minimal residual disease were assessed. Notably, the stromal environment and tumor initiating subpopulation play critical roles on the Ovcar 3 MET disease invasiveness and progression. Compared to the molecular profile of the parental cells, these invasive Ovcar 3 MET cells exhibited higher expressions of β-catenin, slug, N-cadherin and ZEB1, suggesting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in these Ovcar 3 MET cells. In addition, a higher fraction of the CD44+/CD24- subpopulation was found in the Ovcar 3 MET cells, suggesting enrichment of the tumorigenic population. With the treatment of chemotherapeutic agents, we observed an enrichment of CD44+/CD24- subpopulation in the minimal residual disease. The self-renewal functional analysis demonstrated a higher tumorigenic potential of the MRD cells compared to the cells from vehicle treated mice. In contrast, treatment of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502 resulted in significant anti-tumor and anti-metastatic activities without increasing the MRD self-renewal potential. These results warrant the combination assessment of chemotherapy with targeted agents to reduce or eradicate MRD, therefore to mitigate the risk of disease relapse. Citation Format: Nanni Huser, Zhengming Yan, Jing Yuan, Cathy C. Zhang. Ovarian cancer cells induce the microenvironment changes and subsequently promote disease propagation and dissemination through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enrichment of tumorigenic cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5062. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5062
The impact of service-connected disability and therapist experience on outcomes from prolonged exposure therapy with veterans.

OBJECTIVE Although prolonged exposure therapy (PE) has been shown to be effective in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a sizable minority do not benefit. Examining patient and therapist characteristics that impact treatment outcome may improve treatment delivery and identify individuals who are less likely to respond to treatment or are at risk to prematurely discontinue treatment. The current study uses a sample from a large urban Veterans' Affairs (VA) hospital to build on a previous report that identified correlates of treatment outcome for Veterans who received PE. METHOD Two hundred eighty-seven veterans completed measures of PTSD, depression, and quality of life at the beginning and end of treatment. Veterans' service-connected disability rating, therapist experience, benzodiazepine prescription, and traumatic brain injury diagnosis were investigated as predictors of treatment outcome in linear regression analyses. RESULTS Results showed that Veterans with a service-connected disability for a mental health condition had smaller treatment gains than those without service connection (p < .01). Additionally, results showed that patients treated by certified PE therapists had larger treatment gains than those treated by noncertified PE therapists (p < .01). Finally, younger age and therapist certification were associated with dropout from treatment (p < .05). CONCLUSION Veterans treated by PE-certified therapists and Veterans who were not service-connected for a mental health condition fared better in treatment. Results suggest that additional study of both the national effort to train VA clinicians in PE and the impact of service connection on PTSD treatment outcome may be helpful for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record
Writing ruination and control in New York City: Ernesto Quiñonez’s Chango’s Fire and José Rivera’s Marisol

This essay demonstrates the connection between the processes of “ruination” (a term I borrow from Ann Stoler to explain deliberate abandonment and destruction in contemporary urban spaces) and the surveillance/control of bodies (particularly everyday forms of control by nonstate actors) and argues that the necropolitical strategies of ruination and control are important lenses through which to read Latinx urban fiction (I use “Latinx,” now an increasingly common term in popular media and academic and activist contexts that is inclusive of gender identities beyond the binary Latina/o. I use “Latina” and “Latino” when the gender needs to be specified as female or male). Focusing on Jose Rivera’s 1992 play Marisol and Ernesto Quinonez’s (2004) novel Chango’s Fire, I show how imaginative writing reveals the everyday workings and psychic effects of urban necropolitics. Through particular narrative strategies and aesthetic choices, as well as exploration of the effects of ruination and control on Latinx lives and identities, Rivera and Quinonez’s works contribute to our understanding of urban processes, as well as serving as a reclamation of place, by turning on their heads ideas about racialized space as worthless, “dead,” or ripe for conquest.
Abstract 136: Distinct Temporal Requirements for Scl to Repress Cardiomyogenesis in Endothelial-derived Cells in Hemogenic Tissues and the Heart

Identification of precursors with the capacity to generate cardiomyocytes is critical for advancing cardiac regenerative medicine. By analyzing knockout embryos for the bHLH factor Scl, we demonstrated that endothelial cells in hematopoietic tissues and the heart possess latent cardiomyogenic capacity. Furthermore, analysis of tamoxifen-inducible Rosa26-Cre ERT2 Scl fl/fl embryos suggested that the time window during which Scl is required for cardiac repression extends later in the heart versus the yolk sac. However, the cell types in which Scl acts remained elusive. We then deleted Scl in a cell-type specific manner in early mesoderm using Mesp1-Cre and in endothelial cells using Tie2-Cre. Lineage tracing in Mesp1-Cre Rosa26-YFP embryos demonstrated that at E9.5, a large majority of hematopoietic and endothelial cells in the yolk sac and heart were labeled. Moreover, deletion of Scl in Mesp1-Cre Scl fl/fl embryos phenocopied the germline knockout, essentially abrogating hematopoiesis and promoting the emergence of CD31 + PDGFRα + cardiomyogenic precursors and ectopic expression of the cardiomyocyte genes Myl7 and Tnnt2 in yolk sac vasculature. In contrast, deletion of Scl after endothelium had been specified in Tie2-Cre Scl fl/fl embryos did not grossly affect yolk sac hematopoiesis, nor did it induce ectopic cardiomyogenesis in hemogenic tissues. However, endothelial-derived cells in the hearts of Tie2-Cre Scl fl/fl embryos evidenced profound expansion of CD31 + PDGFRα + cardiogenic precursors at E11.5 and E13.5, as well as displayed dramatic upregulation of Myl7 and Tnnt2 , showing that the requirement for Scl to repress the cardiomyogenic program extends longer in endothelial derivatives in the heart than in the yolk sac. These data demonstrate that endocardial-derived cells in the heart retain latent cardiomyogenic potential until mid-gestation and nominate Scl as a critical regulator of endocardial fate.
1.9 Spatial and Temporal Scales in Geomorphology

Recognizing and reconciling spatial and temporal scales are central to any question posed by a geomorphologist. This chapter focuses on space and time, why they are inseparable, thus difficult to consider in their entirety. The time-dependent approaches of early geomorphology were displaced by time-independent and process-oriented approaches in the 1950s and 1960s. Today, geomorphology struggles to combine space and time using radionuclide dating, modern spatial technologies, and quantitative techniques. However, different variables become important at different scales. This chapter concludes with some thoughts on how geomorphologists might negotiate the range of spatial and temporal scales that constitute geomorphology's domain.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Retail Meats in the United States, 2002 to 2014

Bacteria of the genus Enterococcus are important human pathogens that are frequently resistant to a number of clinically important antibiotics. They are also used as markers of animal fecal contamination of human foods and are employed as sentinel organisms for tracking trends in resistance to antimicrobials with Gram-positive activity. As part of the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS), we evaluated several retail meat commodities for the presence of enterococci from 2002 to 2014, and we found 92.0% to be contaminated. The majority of isolates were either Enterococcus faecalis (64.0%) or Enterococcus faecium (28.6%), and the antimicrobial resistance of each isolate was assessed by broth microdilution. The resistance prevalences for several drugs, including erythromycin and gentamicin, were significantly higher among poultry isolates, compared to retail beef or pork isolates. None of the isolates was resistant to the clinically important human drug vancomycin, only 1 isolate was resistant to linezolid, and resistance to tigecycline was below 1%. In contrast, a majority of both E. faecalis (67.5%) and E. faecium (53.7%) isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Overall, the robust NARMS testing system employed consistent sampling practices and methods throughout the testing period, with the only significant trend in resistance prevalence being decreased E. faecium resistance to penicillin. These data provide excellent baseline levels of resistance that can be used to measure future changes in resistance prevalence that may result from alterations in the use of antimicrobials in food animal production.IMPORTANCE Enterococci, including E. faecalis and E. faecium, are present in the guts of food-producing animals and are used as a measure of fecal contamination of meat. We used the large consistent sampling methods of NARMS to assess the prevalence of Enterococcus strains isolated from retail meats, and we found over 90% of meats to be contaminated with enterococci. We also assessed the resistance of the Enterococcus strains, commonly used as a measure of resistance to agents with Gram-positive activity, in foods. Resistance prevalence was over 25% for some antimicrobials and sample sources but was less than 1% for several of the most important therapeutic agents used in human medicine.
Calcium-myristoyl switches turn on new lights.

The yeast homologue of the calcium–myristoyl-switch protein frequenin activates a key enzyme in the phosphoinositide signalling cascade, shedding new light on the role of such switch proteins and of calcium signalling.
Changes of Teachers’ discursive practices learning dynamic mathematics in a collaborative, online environment

Using data from an inservice professional development course, we inquire into changes in secondary teachers’ discursive practices in a latter part of the course compared to the beginning of the course. Participants interacted in a collaborative online environment, known as Virtual Math Teams with GeoGebra (VMTwG), focusing on discursive, mathematical, and collaborative practices. From a sociocultural perspective, we believe that teachers gradually develop their Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) by interacting discursively in small teams. Using conventional content analysis of the teachers’ review of their recorded discourse, we investigate changes in practices from the teachers’ perspective. Our results show that teachers perceived that their discursive practices differed importantly from their practices at the beginning of the course.
AML: exposed and exploited?

In this issue of Blood, Gillissen and colleagues characterize donor-derived cytotoxic antibodies, isolated from allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HSCT) patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in sustained remission, that targeted the spliceosome U5 snRNP200 complex expressed on the cell membrane of AML blasts. Mechanistically, in vitro antibody-dependent cytotoxicity did not cause leukemia cell apoptosis, but rather destabilization of the cell membrane cytoskeleton and subsequent pore formation, resulting in cellular swelling and extravasation of intracellular contents (oncosis). In addition, in vivo reduction in AML burden using a U5 snRNP200–specific antibody was demonstrated in a murine SCID xenograft model. Collectively, the authors’ work suggests a potential role for donor-derived antibodies in mediating graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity following allogeneic HSCT.1
Effect of controlled exercise on libido in 2-yr-old stallions.

Eight sexually inexperienced, 2-yr-old Morgan stallions were used in a consecutive two-phase design with two groups of four stallions each. Each phase lasted 16 wk, with semen collections every 14 d. Libido scores were assigned to stallions during each semen collection. Scores ranged from zero to four, with zero indicating minimum and four representing maximum libido. In Phase 1, four stallions received daily forced exercise for 16 wk, and the remaining four stallions were confined to box stalls. In Phase 2, the previously exercised stallions were confined to box stalls, and the non-exercised stallions of Phase 1 received daily forced exercise. No week X treatment effect (P greater than .05) was found in Phase 1. Exercised stallions, however, tended to have lower libido values than non-exercised stallions from wk 10 through wk 16. A week X treatment effect (P less than .01) was found in Phase 2. Libido scores were lower (P less than .05) over time among exercised stallions, whereas scores of non-exercised stallions tended to remain stable or rise slightly over time. Mean libido scores for exercised and non-exercised stallions were different (P less than .05) at the end of Phase 1 (2.06 +/- .37 and 3.5 +/- .37, respectively). By wk 26, mean libido scores were similar (exercised: 2.62 +/- .34; non-exercised: 2.52 +/- .34). However, by wk 32, libido values for exercised stallions were lower (P less than .05) than non-exercised stallions (1.87 +/- .34 and 2.81 +/- .34, respectively). In general, mean libido scores of the non-exercised group were higher than exercised stallions after 12 wk of forced daily exercise.
Emotion and Cognition in Moral Judgment: Evidence from Neuroimaging

Traditional theories of moral psychology emphasize reasoning and “higher cognition,” while more recent work emphasizes the role of emotion. In this article, I discuss neuroimaging data that support a theory of moral judgment according to which both “cognitive” and emotional processes play crucial and sometimes mutually competitive roles. These data suggest that brain regions associated with cognitive control (anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) are recruited to resolve difficult moral dilemmas in which utilitarian values require “personal” moral violations, violations associated with increased activity in brain regions associated with emotion and social cognition (medial prefrontal cortex, superior temporal sulcus, posterior cingulate cortex, temporal poles, and the amygdala). We have also found that brain regions including the anterior dorsolateral prefrontal cortices predict inter-trial differences in moral judgment behavior, exhibiting greater activity for utilitarian judgments. I speculate that our emerging psychological and neuroscientific understanding of moral judgment may influence our responses to real-world moral dilemmas.
Combining Intensity and Motion for Incremental Segmentation and Tracking Over Long Image Sequences

This paper presents a method for incrementally segmenting images over time using both intensity and motion information. This is done by formulating a model of physically significant image resgions using local constraints on intensity and motion and then finding the optimal segmentation over time using an incremental stochastic minimization technique. The result is a robust and dynamic segmentation of the scene over a sequence of images. The approach has a number of benefits. First, discontinuities are extracted and tracked simultaneously. Second, a segmentation is always available and it improves over time. Finally, by combining motion and intensity, the structural properties of discontinuities can be recovered; that is, discontinuities can be classified as surface markings or actual surface boundaries.
Between Torture Porn and Zombie Apocalypse: Horror and Utopia in British-Themed Biopolitical Films After 9/11

This chapter offers a theory of the British-themed post-9/11 biopolitical film genre as a synthesis between American torture porn and apocalyptic zombie horror. This genre imagines the dystopian totalization of what Giorgio Agamben calls the biopolitical paradigm of the camp, the precarious zone of indistinction where human beings fight without end to establish the boundary between political life worth living and bare life void of value. While Hollywood horror films tend to avoid the full gravity of the camp paradigm by leaving one side of the political–biological binary intact, their British counterparts perform what Fredric Jameson calls a totalizing critique of these two moments, laying bare through an apocalyptic perspective the fundamental inconsistency of today’s global biopower, its inability to control all forms of life.
Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Spread Spectrum with Biorthogonal Signaling for High Speed Data Transmission Through HF Skywave Channels

Filter bank multi carrier spread spectrum (FB-MC-SS)has proven to be a robust and reliable waveform choice for communication over high frequency (HF)skywave links. In this paper, we study the use of biorthogonal signaling in order to improve on the spectral efficiency of FB-MC-SS. We develop a design strategy that improves on the spectral efficiency of FB-MC-SS while maintaining its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Moreover, our simulation and experimental results over an HF link reveals that biorthogonal signaling can improve the data rate by a factor of four to six times at a cost of only 4 to 5 dB loss in performance.
Socially-Aware Navigation Using Topological Maps and Social Norm Learning

We present socially-aware navigation for an intelligent robot wheelchair in an environment with many pedestrians. The robot learns social norms by observing the behaviors of human pedestrians, interpreting detected biases as social norms, and incorporating those norms into its motion planning. We compare our socially-aware motion planner with a baseline motion planner that produces safe, collision-free motion.The ability of our robot to learn generalizable social norms depends on our use of a topological map abstraction, so that a practical number of observations can allow learning of a social norm applicable in a wide variety of circumstances.We show that the robot can detect biases in observed human behavior that support learning the social norm of driving on the right. Furthermore, we show that when the robot follows these social norms, its behavior influences the behavior of pedestrians around it, increasing their adherence to the same norms. We conjecture that the legibility of the robot's normative behavior improves human pedestrians' ability to predict the robot's future behavior, making them more likely to follow the same norm.
A uniform field-of-definition/field-of-moduli bound for dynamical systems on PN

Abstract Let f : P N → P N be an endomorphism of degree d ≥ 2 defined over Q ‾ or Q ‾ p , and let K be the field of moduli of f. We prove that there is a field of definition L for f whose degree [ L : K ] is bounded solely in terms of N and d.
Let There Be Light

What is light? Clearly, it comes from matter, but how? To answer these questions, we must come again to a consideration of the attributes of matter—how matter makes its existence known to us.
Integrated Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) with a Shorting Via Wall for Millimeter-Wave Wireless Chip-to-Chip (C2C) Communications in 3D-SiP

W-band (75 GHz - 110 GHz) wireless in-plane chip-to-chip (C2C) communications in 3D System-in-Packaging (SiP) are demonstrated using an integrated compact planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with a shorting via wall. As a test vehicle, a 77 GHz compact PIFA with a shorting via has been designed in a PCB substrate and their RF parameters such as reflection coefficients (S11s), antenna gains, radiation patterns have been studied. Milling machine and micro-fabrication has been utilized to implement the proposed 77 GHz PIFA with a shorting via and their RF characterization has been performed. The measured S11 results agree well with the simulated ones. The simulated efficiency and antenna peak gain is 96 % and 1.77 dBi, respectively. An antenna footprint of 0.19 mm2 excluding the feeding line is demonstrated, showing more than 50 % area reduction compared with a disc-loaded monopole antenna.
Optimal Designs of Two-Phase Studies.

The two-phase design is a cost-effective sampling strategy to evaluate the effects of covariates on an outcome when certain covariates are too expensive to be measured on all study subjects. Under ...
Development of the Motivation to Participate in Psychological Research Scale

Abstract. In a series of four studies, I developed and found evidence supporting the validity of a new measure, the Motivation to Participate in Psychological Research Scale (MPPRS). Based upon the...