cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF HYDROCARBON OXIDATION

— That chemiluminescence accompanies autoxidations and decompositions of some peroxides has been known for some time.(1) Recently mechanisms have been proposed(2) to explain such chemiluminescence. This paper is a report of an experimental study of the luminescence which accompanies the autoxidation, spontaneous and induced by the decomposition of benzoyl peroxide, of tetralin and amyl benzene. Anthracene, 9, 10-diphenyl anthracene and 9, 10-dibromoanthracene were used as intensifiers of luminescence.
Evaluation of Effect Profiles: Functional Observational Battery Outcomes

Abstract The Functional Observational Battery (FOB) is a neurotoxicity screening assay composed of 25–30 descriptive, scalar, binary, and continuous endpoints. These outcomes have been grouped into six biologically logical domains as a means to interpret the neuroactive properties of tested chemicals (V. C. Moser, 1992,J. Am. Coll. Toxicol.10(6), 661–669). However, no data-based exploration of these functional domains has been done. We investigated the degree to which experimental data correspond to the domain groupings by examining severity scores from 10 chemicals tested using a standardized protocol for acute exposure (V. C. Moseret al.,1995,J. Toxicol. Environ. Health45,173–210) and identifying endpoint groupings (factors) that best describe the interrelationships in the data, allowing a statistical assessment of whether the FOB endpoints break into domains. We also used a standard measure of bivariate association to confirm the results of the factor analysis. Our results show that while there are clear relationships among variables that compose some domains, there is often substantial correlation among endpoints in different domains. In addition, we investigated a related issue concerning the relative power of the chosen endpoint groupings for identifying significant domain effects. Results from a randomization analysis of the 10 chemicals suggest that the neurophysiologic domain structuring may provide some degree of statistical efficiency for identifying effects.
Association of Intrauterine and Early-Life Exposures With Age at Menopause in the Sister Study

Oocytes are formed in utero; menopause occurs when the oocyte pool is depleted. The authors hypothesized that early-life events could affect the number of a woman's oocytes and determine age at menopause. To test their hypothesis, the authors conducted a secondary analysis of baseline data from 22,165 participants in the Sister Study (2003–2007) who were aged 35–59 years at enrollment. To estimate the association between early-life events and age at natural menopause, the authors used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for current age, race/ethnicity, education, childhood family income, and smoking history. Earlier menopause was associated with in-utero diethylstilbestrol exposure (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27, 1.65). Suggestive associations included maternal prepregnancy diabetes (HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.98) and low birth weight (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.20). Having a mother aged 35 years or older at birth appeared to be associated with a later age at menopause (HR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.01). Birth order, in-utero smoke exposure, and having been breastfed were not related to age at menopause. In-utero and perinatal events may subsequently influence age at menopause.
Cell inconstancy in hydatina senta

The highly determinate development of certain invertebrates has long been known. The number as well as the fate of the early embryonic cells has been established in numerous cases, and is exceedingly regular. The number of cells in the embryo may be the same in all individuals, even though the number in the adults of the same species is variable. It is only in comparatively recent years, however, that this constancy of number of cells has been discovered in adult animals of certain species in which the cells are numerous. Martini ('09 a, '09 b, '09 c, '12) has claimed such constancy in nematodes, rotifers, and tunicates and Van Cleave ('14) in Eorhynchus. The latter author cites a number of other cases. The extension of constancy of cell number to adult animals seems to me to make new demands upon the explanations offered to account for this constancy. Embryonic stages are passed through quickly, and one might suppose that whatever agencies could interfere with the orderly and definite production of cells in the embryo would have little time to do so. Before the adult condition is reached, however, such disturbing factors might have time to operate and the number of cells be thereby altered. The fact of cell constancy in the adult, then, makes greater demand upon its explanation than does the fact of cell const ncy in the embryo. I do not mean to assert that the cause of constancy in the adult is different from the causes of constancy in the cleavage stages; but an explanation which would satisfy the demands of the latter, might be inadequate for the former.
Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with klinefelter's syndrome

Studies in estrogen metabolism were carried out in 2 males with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who also had Klinefelter's syndrome. Although these studies revealed elevated levels of urinary estrogens in 1 patient, abnormalities of estradiol metabolism suggesting persistent estrogen stimulation were detected in both. This report notes an association between SLE and Klinefelter's syndrome and suggests that chronic estrogenic stimulation may be significant in the development of SLE in these 2 patients.
Measurement of correlation functions

A practical and relatively simple method of measuring correlation functions is presented. The method, which is applicable to all orders of correlation functions, is based upon orthogonal expansions. The application of this method to the experimental determination of a second-order crosscorrelation function is discussed in detail and some experimental results are presented.
MEDYM: match-early and dynamic multicast for content-based publish-subscribe service networks

Architecture design for content-based publish-subscribe service networks has been a challenging problem, because existing network primitives cannot directly support its communication paradigm. In this paper, we propose a new architectural design called MEDYM n Match Early with DYnamic Multicast. Unlike existing approaches, MEDYM does not rely on static overlay networks for event delivery. Instead, an event is matched against subscriptions early at the publishing server, to identify destinations with matching subscriptions, and then sent to destinations through a dynamically constructed multicast tree. This architecture achieves low computation cost in matching and high network efficiency in routing. We evaluate MEDYM through detailed simulations, and compare it with the two major existing design approaches: content-based forwarding and channelization. Results show that MEDYM significantly improves event delivery efficiency and system scalability. We also examine closely overheads introduced in MEDYM, and found them to be well acceptable and more than outweighed by the benefits of the approach. We expect the MEDYM architecture to scale to pub-sub networks of thousands of servers, which we believe is adequate for many interesting applications in the foreseeable future.
Measured minority-carrier lifetime and CIGS device performance

The relationship between lifetime measured by time-resolved photoluminescence on bare CIGS films and subsequent device performance is examined. A correlation between device voltage and lifetime is demonstrated. The effects of measured band gap and carrier density are discussed. Results are compared with fundamental calculations.
Analysis of boolean programs

Boolean programs are a popular abstract domain for static-analysis-based software model checking. Yet little is known about the complexity of model checking for this model of computation. This paper aims to fill this void by providing a comprehensive study of the worst-case complexity of several basic analyses of Boolean programs, including reachability analysis, cycle detection, LTL, CTL, and CTL* model checking. We present algorithms for these problems and show that our algorithms are all optimal by providing matching lower bounds. We also identify particular classes of Boolean programs which are easier to analyse, and compare our results to prior work on pushdown model checking.
Risks older drivers face themselves and threats they pose to other road users

BACKGROUND: Although there is an ever increasing literature on older drivers, there is no comprehensive up-to-date presentation of how older drivers are impacted by traffic safety, and how they impact the road safety of others. METHODS: This paper uses 1994-1996 US data to determine how many rates related to traffic safety depend on the age and sex of road users (fatalities, fatalities per licensed driver, etc.) Threats drivers pose to other road users are estimated by driver involvement in pedestrian fatality crashes. RESULTS: It is found that renewing the licence of a 70-year-old male driver for another year poses, on average, 40% less threat to other road users than renewing the license of a 40-year-old male driver. The fatality risks drivers themselves face generally increase as they age, with the increased risk of death in the same severity crash being a major contributor. If this factor is removed, crash risks for 70-year-old male drivers are not materially higher than for 40-year-old male drivers; for female drivers they are. CONCLUSIONS: Most driver rates increase substantially by age 80, in many cases to values higher than those for 20-year-olds. Given that a death occurs, the probability that it is a traffic fatality declines steeply with age, from well over 20% for late teens through mid twenties, to under one per cent at age 65, and under half a per cent at age 80. Language: en
Problem domain, structural and logical abstractions in reverse engineering

Reverse engineering abstractions are considered. Three kinds of abstractions are identified: problem domain, structural, and logical. Problem domain abstractions correspond to concepts from a program's application area. Structural abstractions are used to eliminate implementation details and redundant information. Logical abstractions are properties that can be logically derived from code. A method for generating functional specifications is described, which incorporates the abstraction techniques. It has been applied to a variety of COBOL programs and been found to generate natural abstract program descriptions. The authors describe work in progress, including the construction of an analysis tool that will be used to help verify the approach and to assess its complexity and computational requirements. >
Effect on BOLD sensitivity due to susceptibility-induced echo time shift in spiral-in based functional MRI

Susceptibility artifacts induced by the magnetic field inhomogeneity exist near the air/tissue interfaces at the ventral brain in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These susceptibility artifacts will cause geometric distortions and signal loss in reconstructed images. Additionally, the in-plane susceptibility gradients will cause a shift in effective echo time, and therefore influence the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) sensitivity since it is proportional to effective echo time. In this work, we examine the effective echo time shift and the change of the BOLD sensitivity based on susceptibility gradients. The analysis results show that there are regions, such as the orbitofrontal cortex, that suffer from significant loss of BOLD sensitivity using spiral-in trajectory in BOLD fMRI.
Engineering the divide-and-conquer closest pair algorithm

We improve the famous divide-and-conquer algorithm by Bentley and Shamos for the planar closest-pair problem. For n points on the plane, our algorithm keeps the optimal O(n log n) time complexity and, using a circle-packing property, computes at most 7n/2 Euclidean distances, which improves Ge et al.'s bound of (3n log n)/2 Euclidean distances. We present experimental results of our comparative studies on four different versions of the divide-and-conquer closest pair algorithm and propose two effective heuristics.
Throughput of CDMA data networks with multiuser detection, ARQ, and packet combining

In code-division multiple-access (CDMA) packet data networks, the throughput depends on physical-layer receiver algorithms and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. Taking a holistic approach, we investigate the throughput of a CDMA network employing linear multiuser detection, type-I automatic retransmission request (ARQ), and packet combining. In particular, the following two models of CDMA data networks are considered. 1) Fixed-access CDMA data networks, by which we mean that the number of active users is fixed. The corresponding throughput is analyzed by using a one-dimensional Markov chain, and conditions for achieving the optimal throughput are explored. 2) Random-access CDMA data networks, in which we take into account the random arrivals/departures of users. By viewing the fixed-access network studied in the first case as a snapshot of the random-access network, we exploit the results therein to analyze the random-access network, under a processor-sharing system model. Moreover, we identify some important properties of the corresponding throughput and devise a simple recursive algorithm to find the throughput-optimal admission region. Some recent advances on large-system performance of various multiuser detection algorithms are employed in our study. The results in this paper quantitatively characterize the potential for network throughput gain by employing multiuser detection and packet combining, in both fixed-access and random-access CDMA packet data networks.
A relation between the jump in temperature across a propagating phase boundary and the stability of solid phases

Unlike the phases of ordinary fluids, solid phases are often found to occur in metastable equilibrium. At constant temperature, a stress-extension test on a bar made of a material which allows the co-existence of two phases will often produce a large hysterysis loop. It is then impossible, by static measurements alone, to determine the values of stress ** and temperature θ* at which the two phases have the same specific free energy. I show that by a measurement of the jump in temperature across a propagating phase boundary, (Τ*, θ*) can be determined in several cases of interest.
Legionella pneumophila utilizes a single-player disulfide-bond oxidoreductase system to manage disulfide bond formation and isomerization

Summary Legionella pneumophila uses a single homodimeric disulfide bond (DSB) oxidoreductase DsbA2 to catalyze extracytoplasmic protein folding and to correct DSB errors through protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity. In Escherichia coli, these functions are separated to avoid futile cycling. In L. pneumophila, DsbA2 is maintained as a mixture of disulfides (S-S) and free thiols (SH), but when expressed in E. coli, only the SH form is observed. We provide evidence to suggest that structural differences in DsbB oxidases (LpDsbB1 and LpDsbB2) and DsbD reductases (LpDsbD1 and LpDsbD2) (compared with E. coli) permit bifunctional activities without creating a futile cycle. LpdsbB1 and LpdsbB2 partially complemented an EcdsbB mutant while neither LpdsbD1 nor LpdsbD2 complemented an EcdsbD mutant unless DsbA2 was also expressed. When the dsb genes of E. coli were replaced with those of L. pneumophila, motility was restored and DsbA2 was present as a mixture of redox forms. A dominant-negative approach to interfere with DsbA2 function in L. pneumophila determined that DSB oxidase activity was necessary for intracellular multiplication and assembly/function of the Dot/Icm Type IVb secretion system. Our studies show that a single-player system may escape the futile cycle trap by limiting transfer of reducing equivalents from LpDsbDs to DsbA2.
An interactive signal processing educational software module for outreach program

This work presents a freely downloadable software module designed for the outreach program conducted at Clarkson University. The purpose of the module is to introduce students in grades 5-8 to the field of signal processing. The primary goal of this program is to generate interest in the signal processing field. The second purpose of the outreach program is to have undergraduates design, program, and utilize the developed program in workshops with elementary and junior high students students. There are three main components of the software: use of a spectrogram, application of several filters, and modification of the pitch and time- scale of the sample. In any of the components, the user can record a five second sample from a microphone attached to the computer. The user can then use the selected component to modify the signal, and listen to how the sound changed through an attached speaker. Each component has a short introduction and instructions on its use. The program can be set up in the classroom at a workstation where students can interact with it.
Mothers Raising Daughters: New Complexities in Cultural Socialization for Children Adopted From China

This study examined the process of cultural socialization among 6- to 8-year-old girls adopted from China, with a focus on adoptive mothers’ decisions about their children's socialization and children's interest in and knowledge about China and being Chinese. Qualitative interviews of 10 mothers and their children were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Three main categories were identified to further specify parental cultural socialization: (1) motivation, (2) approaches to differences, and (3) type of activities that differed in their contextual layers and their degree of structure. Findings additionally revealed the interplay between parents’ cultural socialization practices and children's interest in socialization, patterns of participation, and knowledge and understanding about China or being Chinese. Results suggest that parental cultural socialization in families with children adopted internationally and transracially is more dynamic, complex, and layered than previously thought.
Point-of-gaze analysis reveals visual search strategies

Seemingly complex tasks like visual search can be analyzed using a cognition-free, bottom-up framework. We sought to reveal strategies used by observers in visual search tasks using accurate eye tracking and image analysis at point of gaze. Observers were instructed to search for simple geometric targets embedded in 1=f noise. By analyzing the stimulus at the point of gaze using the classification image (CI) paradigm, we discovered CI templates that indeed resembled the target. No such structure emerged for a random-searcher. We demonstrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, that these CI templates are useful in predicting stimulus regions that draw human fixations in search tasks. Filtering a 1=f noise stimulus with a CI results in a ‘fixation prediction map’. A qualitative evaluation of the prediction was obtained by overlaying k-means clusters of observers’ fixations on the prediction map. The fixations clustered around the local maxima in the prediction map. To obtain a quantitative comparison, we computed the Kullback-Leibler distance between the recorded fixations and the prediction. Using random-searcher CIs in Monte Carlo simulations, a distribution of this distance was obtained. The z-scores for the human CIs and the original target were -9.70 and -9.37 respectively indicating that even in noisy stimuli, observers deploy their fixations eciently to likely targets rather than casting them randomly hoping to fortuitously find the target.
An Investment Model of the Demand and Supply For Industrial Real Estate

A recent inventory of industrial building in fifty-two major metropolitan areas of the country indicates that most such space is either owner occupied or single tenant. This suggests that the production of industrial space may be modeled as a firm “investment” decision. Using the completion date of each inventoried building, we construct a time series of plant completions that moves similarly to some other national investment data. We are able to successfully estimate an “accelerator” type model of plant deliveries, driven by movements in employment and the after-tax cost of corporate capital. Our model can be used to estimate a measure of excess plant capacity in the market, and historic values of this measure do move parallel to some recent industrial vacancy data.
Teaching the RSA algorithm with a hands-on C++ coding project

Students at career-oriented colleges typically expect to learn practical and career-related skills and knowledge. Teaching cryptosystems with abstract mathematics model, such as the RSA algorithm, to them is probably an ineffective instructional approach. In this paper, the author discusses how to prepare a set of lecture note with three sections, concept discussion, sample codes, and learning activities, to (a) engage students in a hand-coding project, (b) convert the RSA algorithm to computer codes and build applications to test the algorithm, (c) actually understand how and why the algorithm works through hands-on activities, and (d) encourage students to build useful applications based on the RSA algorithm.
The Effect of Hypogastric Nerve Block on Detrusor Instability

When all medical therapies for detrusor instability have failed partial denervation of the detrusor by surgical hypogastric nerve resection may be indicated for some patients. Although good results may be obtained in up to 90% of selected patients initially, recurrences are frequent in these and other nerve resections or neurologic procedures. If hypogastric nerve resection or phenol injection is to be considered, preliminary evaluation of the patient with unilateral and bilateral hypogastric nerve blocks is indicated to determine the anticipated response of the detrusor muscle to surgical resection or phenol injection of these nerves. Assessment of detrusor function during filling and micturition is accomplished after anesthetic nerve block to look for resolution of detrusor overactivity and to rule out detrusor areflexia.
Algorithm design on multicore processors for massive-data analysis

Analyzing massive-data sets and streams is computationally very challenging. Data sets in systems biology, network analysis and security use network abstraction to construct large-scale graphs. Graph algorithms such as traversal and search are memory-intensive and typically require very little computation, with access patterns that are irregular and fine-grained. The increasing streaming data rates in various domains such as security, mining, and finance leaves algorithm designers with only a handful of clock cycles (with current general purpose computing technology) to process every incoming byte of data in-core at real-time. This along with increasing complexity of mining patterns and other analytics puts further pressure on already high computational requirement. Processing streaming data in finance comes with an additional constraint to process at low latency, that restricts the algorithm to use common techniques such as batching to obtain high throughput. The primary contributions of this dissertation are the design of novel parallel data analysis algorithms for graph traversal on large-scale graphs, pattern recognition and keyword scanning on massive streaming data, financial market data feed processing and analytics, and data transformation, that capture the machine-independent aspects, to guarantee portability with performance to future processors, with high performance implementations on multicore processors that embed processor-specific optimizations. Our breadth first search graph traversal algorithm demonstrates a capability to process massive graphs with billions of vertices and edges on commodity multicore processors at rates that are competitive with supercomputing results in the recent literature. We also present high performance scalable keyword scanning on streaming data using novel automata compression algorithm, a model of computation based on small software content addressable memories (CAMs) and a unique data layout that forces data re-use and minimizes memory traffic. Using a high-level algorithmic approach to process financial feeds we present a solution that decodes and normalizes option market data at rates an order of magnitude more than the current needs of the market, yet portable and flexible to other feeds in this domain. In this dissertation we discuss in detail algorithm design challenges to process massive-data and present solutions and techniques that we believe can be used and extended to solve future research problems in this domain.
Review of Animal Manure Recycling: Treatment and Management, by Sven G. Sommer, Morten L. Christensen, Thomas Schmidt, and Lars S. Jensen (Eds.).

With the current increase in meat, dairy, and egg consumption, there is also an increase in livestock manure, which presents its own challenges and opportunities for agriculture. Historically, manu...
Feminist Pedagogy and the Socratic Method: Partners in the Classroom or a Disaster Waiting to Happen?.

This article presents a case study analyzing the relationship between the Socratic method and feminist pedagogy in a team-taught undergraduate classroom in the United States. Specifically, we analyze the feedback provided by our students to determine the ways in which the Socratic method conflicted with, but also complemented, feminist pedagogy. Data were collected through two online surveys and an in-class open-ended response. The results suggest that the Socratic method is compatible with feminist pedagogy as it improved critical thinking and consideration of diverse points of view. On the other hand, the results suggest that students felt discomfort when analyzing and discussing their own views, as opposed to the views of others. This discomfort potentially undermines the benefits of a feminist pedagogical approach to classroom discussion. We suggest several ways to improve compatibility of these techniques in undergraduate courses and suggest avenues for future research to better understand the relationship between these pedagogical approaches.
Ascorbic acid concentration in the adrenals of lymphosarcoma-bearing mice.

SummaryThe progressive depletion of ascorbic acid previously reported to occur in the adrenals of female mice carrying a transplantable sarcoma has not been confirmed in the case of male mice of another strain bearing a transplantable lymphosarcoma. A pronounced sex difference exists in the adrenal ascorbic acid response of CBA mice to histamine and ACTH, although relatively constant total quantities of ascorbic acid may disappear from the glands of each sex following similar stimuli.
Driver Design of BLDCM with Trapezoidal and Sinusoidal Compound Excitation

For brushless DC motor(BLDCM),the pulse torque and noise is large with trapezoidal excitation and low with sinusoidal excitation.A BLDCM driver with trapezoidal and sinusoidal compound excitation based on hall sensor signals was presented.Without modifying hardware circuit,the compound driver for BLDCM separately with trapezoidal or sinusoidal excitation or the dynamic switching between these two methods were realized using only the software programming.The experimental results show that BLDCM run table and the switching mode is reliable.The compound driver proposed has extended the application of BLDCM with high accuracy and low noise.
Who are the Lonetia? Findings from southern Karamoja, Uganda*

The increase in crime and violence committed by young men known as lonetia in southern Karamoja, Uganda, has occurred in parallel to overall security improvements since the start of the 2006 disarmament campaign. This article examines the lonetia phenomenon from the perspective of the young men themselves. Panel data from four sets of interviews conducted in 2013 with approximately 400 young men provide details on the motivations of young men and the challenges they experience in the face of changing livelihood opportunities. We find that the lonetia category is highly fluid and that a set of behaviours and attributes correspond with the frequency of engagement in lonetia activity. Examination of seasonality highlights the contribution of hunger to lonetia frequency. We examine the perceptions of power and respect of young men in their communities as well as their propensity towards violence. The article concludes with thoughts on influencing lonetia involvement.
Coloring Gravity's Rainbow

More than a decade after Gravity's Rainbow first appeared, the central question about this enigmatic text remains unanswered. How can we impute coherence to the text without falling into--or creating--the totalizing structures that the text warns us against? As the "Rainbow" of Pynchon's title suggests, color is an important way in which this question is brought into focus. Most readers are aware that certain colors and color combinations occur repeatedly through the text; but so far no one has connected them either with Pynchon's recurrent themes, or with the more general question of how to reconcile the obviously elaborate patterning of Gravity's Rainbow with its paranoid intuition that all patterns originate in death-obsessed consciousness. Encoded into the color transformations of Gravity's Rainbow are complex responses toward the psychopathologies to which fragmented Western thought gives rise, and the ways in which we as writers and readers get co-opted into participating in and reinforcing this fragmentation.
Unpacking gender and racial/ethnic biases in the federal sentencing of drug offenders: A causal mediation approach

Abstract Purpose Recently scholars have noted a limitation with current sentencing research is that the distinct contributions of prosecutorial and judicial discretion to sentence length have not been quantified. The current study seeks to calculate the proportion of sentence length disparities across gender and race/ethnicity that can be attributed to prosecutorial-initiated departures and sentencing decisions. Methods Using data on federal narcotics offenders, the current study employs recently developed causal mediation analytic methods to decompose the direct and indirect influences of gender and race/ethnicity on sentence length. Results Results indicate the decisions of judges and prosecutors contribute both to gender and racial/ethnic disparity in outcomes; however, judicial decisions are mainly responsible for gender disparities in sentence length whereas prosecutorial and judicial discretion contribute more equally to racial/ethnic disparities. Conclusions Reducing extra-legal disparity requires evaluating decisions of actors at different decision points. Abatement of gender disparities necessitates a primary focus on judges, but some attention to prosecutorial decisions is still warranted. Addressing race/ethnic differences in sentence length requires focus on both the decisions prosecutors make in granting departures and the ultimate sentence that judges decide to levy against the defendant.
Mechanism of insulin action on glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle.

This study was designed to examine the effect of insulin stimulation on glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle. Sarcolemmal vesicles (SL) were isolated from the gastrocnemius-plantaris and quadriceps muscles from insulin-stimulated and control groups. The insulin-stimulated group received an intravenous insulin injection (1 U/kg) 10 min before isolation. The early time course of specific D-glucose transport was linear through 2 s. Michaelis-Menten kinetics at 1.5 s indicated that the Vmax for glucose transport was increased after insulin stimulation compared with controls (4,424 +/- 668 vs. 1,366 +/- 124 pmol.mg protein -1.s-1), whereas the Km remained unchanged (19.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 21.6 +/- 3.1 mM). Scatchard plots for the D-glucose-inhibitable class of cytochalasin B binding sites indicated that insulin stimulation increased the number of binding sites in the SL vesicles (9.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.3 pmol/mg protein) without altering the Kd (48 +/- 3 vs. 46 +/- 3 nM). That the increase in Vmax was greater than the increase in cytochalasin B binding sites indicates that insulin stimulation caused an increase in the turnover rate of existing transport molecules as well as an increase in the total number of SL glucose transport molecules.
Real-time ultrasonic measurement of fat thickness and longissimus muscle area: I. Description of age and weight effects.

Serial ultrasonic measures of fat thickness (FTU) and longissimus muscle area (LMU) were taken on 180 feedlot steers representing 11 sire-breed groups at two 60-d intervals. Cattle then were slaughtered in four groups of 45 at 21-d intervals with ultrasonic measures taken at each interval. Analyses of variance indicated weight (WT ) effects ( P < .001) for all FTU measures and many of the LMU measures. Age was a source of variation ( P < .05) for FTU and LMU over the first five measurement dates. Sire-breed (SBD) effects (P < .001) were prevalent for all FTU estimates and early LMU predictions. Some dam line and SBD x dam line interactions were detected (P < .1) for the FTU and LMU estimates. Age effects were described quadratically (P < .001) when FTU and LMU were regressed on age (R 2 = 47 and 68%, respectively). When FTU and LMU were regressed on WT, effects were described quadratically ( P < .001) with R 2 values of 46 and 72%, respectively. Animals then were assigned to one of four biological types ( BT ) based on percentage of retail product (0-mm fat trim) using discriminant cluster analysis. Within BT, ultrasonic variables were regressed on age. Quadratic effects (P < .01) were detected for both FTU and LMU. Weight also contributed to variation observed in both ultrasonically measured variables for all BT ( P < .001). These data indicate that changes in fat and muscle size as affected by age and weight are detectable using serially collected ultrasound measures. Furthermore, the age and weight relationships of predicted FTA and LMA varied across the four biological types. This suggests a need for derivation of biological type-specific age and (or) weight adjustment equations for cattle evaluation purposes.
Reduced feeding tube duration with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for head and neck cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare Analysis.

BACKGROUND Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a technologically advanced and resource-intensive method of delivering radiation therapy (RT) and is used to minimize toxicity for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Dependence on feeding tubes is a significant marker of toxicity of RT. The objective of this analysis was to compare the placement and duration of feeding tube use among patients with HNC from 1999 through 2011. METHODS The cohort, demographics, and cancer-related variables were determined using the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database, and claims data were used to analyze treatment details. RESULTS In total, 2993 patients were identified. At a median follow-up of 47 months, 54.4% of patients had ever had a feeding tube placed. The median duration from feeding tube placement to removal was 277 days. On zero-inflated negative binomial regression, patients who received IMRT and 3-dimensional RT (3DRT) (non-IMRT) had similar rates of feeding tube placement (odds ratio, 1.10; P = .35); however, patients who received 3DRT had a feeding tube in place 1.18 times longer than those who received IMRT (P = .03). The difference was only observed among patients who received definitive RT; patients who underwent surgery and also received adjuvant RT had no statistically significant difference in feeding tube placement or duration. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HNC who received definitive IMRT had a significantly shorter duration of feeding tube placement than those who received 3DRT. These data suggest that there may be significant quality-of-life benefits to IMRT with respect to long-term swallowing function in patients with HNC. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Escherichia coli Chromosomal Loci Segregate from Midcell with Universal Dynamics.

The structure of the Escherichia coli chromosome is inherently dynamic over the duration of the cell cycle. Genetic loci undergo both stochastic motion around their initial positions and directed motion to opposite poles of the rod-shaped cell during segregation. We developed a quantitative method to characterize cell-cycle dynamics of the E. coli chromosome to probe the chromosomal steady-state mobility and segregation process. By tracking fluorescently labeled chromosomal loci in thousands of cells throughout the entire cell cycle, our method allows for the statistical analysis of locus position and motion, the step-size distribution for movement during segregation, and the locus drift velocity. The robust statistics of our detailed analysis of the wild-type E. coli nucleoid allow us to observe loci moving toward midcell before segregation occurs, consistent with a replication factory model. Then, as segregation initiates, we perform a detailed characterization of the average segregation velocity of loci. Contrary to origin-centric models of segregation, which predict distinct dynamics for oriC-proximal versus oriC-distal loci, we find that the dynamics of loci were universal and independent of genetic position.
Potassium channels in the Cx43 gap junction perinexus modulate ephaptic coupling: an experimental and modeling study

It was recently demonstrated that cardiac sodium channels (Nav1.5) localized at the perinexus, an intercalated disc (ID) nanodomain associated with gap junctions (GJ), may contribute to electrical coupling between cardiac myocytes via an ephaptic mechanism. Impairment of ephaptic coupling by acute interstitial edema (AIE)-induced swelling of the perinexus was associated with arrhythmogenic, anisotropic conduction slowing. Given that Kir2.1 has also recently been reported to localize at intercalated discs, we hypothesized that Kir2.1 channels may reside within the perinexus and that inhibiting them may mitigate arrhythmogenic conduction slowing observed during AIE. Using gated stimulated emission depletion (gSTED) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) super-resolution microscopy, we indeed find that a significant proportion of Kir2.1 channels resides within the perinexus. Moreover, whereas Nav1.5 inhibition during AIE exacerbated arrhythmogenic conduction slowing, inhibiting Kir2.1 channels during AIE preferentially increased transverse conduction velocity—decreasing anisotropy and ameliorating arrhythmia risk compared to AIE alone. Comparison of our results with a nanodomain computer model identified enrichment of both Nav1.5 and Kir2.1 at intercalated discs as key factors underlying the experimental observations. We demonstrate that Kir2.1 channels are localized within the perinexus alongside Nav1.5 channels. Further, targeting Kir2.1 modulates intercellular coupling between cardiac myocytes, anisotropy of conduction, and arrhythmia propensity in a manner consistent with a role for ephaptic coupling in cardiac conduction. For over half a century, electrical excitation in the heart has been thought to occur exclusively via gap junction-mediated ionic current flow between cells. Further, excitation was thought to depend almost exclusively on sodium channels with potassium channels being involved mainly in returning the cell to rest. Here, we demonstrate that sodium and potassium channels co-reside within nanoscale domains at cell-to-cell contact sites. Experimental and computer modeling results suggest a role for these channels in electrical coupling between cardiac muscle cells via an ephaptic mechanism working in tandem with gap junctions. This new insight into the mechanism of cardiac electrical excitation could pave the way for novel therapies against cardiac rhythm disturbances.
System Without Method

Substantive formulations like the political and the modern arouse suspicion. Is this to ontologise one’s own embarrassment? Is the inability to specify more precisely the concept transformed verbally into a metaphysical virtue? Ontology claims that epistemological questions presuppose clarification of the foundation on which they rest. The assertion could be easily reversed. Ontology could itself be said to presuppose a theory of knowledge. The relation of the epistemological and the ontological at this level of abstraction presents yet another of the dualisms typical of the ordinary modern structure. Its reappearance only furthers the suspicions. The originary is everywhere, and thus nowhere. Hegel’s attack on the romantic `night when all the cows are black’ was directed at a similar vagueness. Marx’s scorn for the ‘holy family’ of contemplative philosophy and for ‘German ideology’ has the same root. The demand for system cannot replace the articulation of a method that guarantees against the reproach of abstract tautology. This method cannot be simply the application of the system. An object to which a system could be applied stands in principle outside the system itself. It is a presupposition. Such a presupposition is not modern. The same modern structure forbids the other alternative which conceives the method as the action by which the system constitutes an object domain.1 To leave the system simply in its self-related completeness and necessity — as ‘God’s thought before the Creation’, in the words of Hegel’s Logic — is no solution. A mediation is necessary. Neither philosophy alone nor politics alone can provide it.
Chylothorax: Surgical Ligation of the Thoracic Duct Through Thoracotomy

Chylothorax is the common manifestation of injury to the thoracic duct secondary to non-surgical trauma, surgical trauma, or malignancy, and associated with a 10% mortality rate. Approximately half of patients with chylothorax respond to non-surgical management typically entailing a combination of pleural drainage, NPO, TPN, diuresis and antisecretory agent administration. Failure to resolve with dietary modification usually necessitates surgical intervention. This is achieved by thoracic duct ligation via right thoracotomy. Anatomy of the thoracic duct is variable with only 50% of patients having a dominant right-sided thoracic duct ascending the posterior mediastinum, crossing over to the left around T5, and terminating into the confluence of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins. The operation entails single lung isolation with access to the thoracic duct via a seventh interspace right lateral thoracotomy. The thoracic duct is isolated low in the chest within soft tissue between the esophagus, aorta and azygous vein overlying the vertebrae. Exposure can be aided by placement of a temporary orogastric tube in the esophagus, and downward retraction of the diaphragm via a suture. This soft tissue is mass ligated at three adjacent positions with nonabsorbable suture. Patients are kept NPO on TPN for five days postoperatively before advancing the diet to confirm resolution of the chyle leak.
Analysis and visualization of a literature-mined glaucoma gene interaction network

Glaucoma is a silent eye disease that steals sight without warning and it is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. It cannot be cured but it can be controlled. A gene network analysis to understand the cross talk between glaucoma networks of genes could contribute to better understanding and treatment of the disease. In this paper, we extend our previous text mining and network analysis research for extraction of a more comprehensive glaucoma interaction network from PubMed Central articles. After text mining of the PubMed Central literature to extract potential sentences bearing associations between glaucoma genes in the literature, the mined associations are used to construct a glaucoma gene interaction network and a network analysis is applied to understand the building structure of the network. The network analysis reveals a succinct network composed of five distinct clusters associated with seven benchmark glaucoma biomarkers. The knowledge that can be extracted from such a network could provide a useful summative knowledge base to complement other forms of clinical information related to this disease that affects many diagnosed individuals worldwide.
A Critical Evaluation of Advanced Oxidation Processes for Emerging Contaminants Removal

Removing emerging contaminants from waste streams has become a topic of growing interest. The adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) have been well documented, but much remains to be known about these contaminants and their removal. Their removal with traditional methods has not been entirely successful. However, adequate degradation can be achieved through the use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Multiple factors must be considered when completing an in-depth comparison; therefore, process engineering, environmental, and economic and social parameters were included in a deeper analysis. This study presents a ranking system to numerically score the performance of various AOPs (e.g., Ozonation, UV irradiation, Photocatalysis, Fenton reaction, and integrated processes) in several categories of parameters under engineering, environmental, and socioeconomic components. From this preliminary assessment, it was noted that H2O2/O3 (Perozonation) presented the highest average ranking (3.45), with other processes showing comparable performance. TiO2 photocatalysis received the lowest ranking (2.11).
Abstract WP197: Spinal Manipulation Therapy and Risk of Cerebrovascular Events: Evidence Map and Meta-analysis

Introduction: Cervical spinal manipulation therapy (SMT) has been associated with cerebrovascular events, including arterial dissection and stroke. We constructed an evidence map of the published l...
Stellar zeeman analyses: Effects of multi-component atmospheres

We simulate the radiative transfer of Zeeman-broadened lines in an active star containing both quiet and flux-tube regions. A traditional one-atmosphere Zeeman analysis of these synthetic lines yields magnetic field measurements systematically inaccurate by up to 40%. However, two atmospheric components alone cannot reproduce the observed line strengths, luminosities or photometric constancy of active stars.
Cloud-Native Applications

The term “cloud-native” refers to a set of technologies and design patterns that have become the standard for building large-scale cloud applications. In this editorial we describe basic properties of successful cloud applications including dynamic scalability, extreme fault tolerance, seamless upgradeability and maintenance and security. To make it possible to build applications that meet these requirements we describe the microservice architecture and serverless computing foundation that are central to cloud-native design.
D4: fast concurrency debugging with parallel differential analysis

We present D4, a fast concurrency analysis framework that detects concurrency bugs (e.g., data races and deadlocks) interactively in the programming phase. As developers add, modify, and remove statements, the code changes are sent to D4 to detect concurrency bugs in real time, which in turn provides immediate feedback to the developer of the new bugs. The cornerstone of D4 includes a novel system design and two novel parallel differential algorithms that embrace both change and parallelization for fundamental static analyses of concurrent programs. Both algorithms react to program changes by memoizing the analysis results and only recomputing the impact of a change in parallel. Our evaluation on an extensive collection of large real-world applications shows that D4 efficiently pinpoints concurrency bugs within 100ms on average after a code change, several orders of magnitude faster than both the exhaustive analysis and the state-of-the-art incremental techniques.
Model for the group treatment of eating disorders.

This paper describes our experience in treating nearly 200 eating disordered patients ages eleven to thirty-five in five ongoing, open groups combining inpatients and outpatients. A limited outcome...