cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Commentary: non-alcoholic fatty pancreas - toward an uncharted territory; authors’ reply

We appreciate the insightful comments by Kwok et al. on our manuscript entitled, “Association between novel MRI-estimated pancreatic fat and liver histology-determined steatosis and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.”1 In their commentary, Kwok et al. discuss important caveats regarding the radiographic evaluation and quantification of pancreatic fat content. Although liver fat content estimation by proton-density-fat-fraction (PDFF) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been validated by comparison with MR spectroscopy-determined liver fat content and liver histology-determined steatosis grade,2, 3 we agree that estimation of pancreatic PDFF using MRI has not been validated using pancreatic histology, and further studies are needed to determine the threshold at which pancreatic fat accumulation leads to adverse outcomes. In addition, Kwok et al. point out that the inverse association between pancreatic fat and liver fibrosis may be related to patient selection and due to the use of insulin sensitizing agents amongst diabetic patients. Previous studies have shown that diabetes is associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis.4 In the present study, although more patients with grade 1 steatosis had diabetes, the increased risk of fibrosis in diabetic patients and the inverse relationship between liver steatosis and fibrosis may also explain this finding. As Kwok et al. pointed out, pancreatic biopsy is not possible to document presence of pancreatic fibrosis, we were not able to provide information regarding pancreatic fibrosis. In future, advanced MRI techniques may become available to identify and quantify pancreatic fibrosis. These advanced imaging techniques may help in improving our understanding of the long-term consequences of fat deposition in the pancreas and whether pancreatic fat deposition leads to pancreatic fibrosis. We agree that additional longitudinal studies are needed to provide further insight in this area.
Homo and hetero dioxygen complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) with the ligand 3,7,11,19,23,27-hexaaza-33,34-dihydroxy-15,31-dimethyltricyclotetratriaconta-1(32),13,15,17(34),29(33),30-hexaene

Abstract In this paper the oxygenation of HDTH  Co homo and heterodinuclear complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pb(II) in aqueous solution by control of the stoichiometry of metal ions and HDTH as well as p[H] of solution was investigated (HDTH is a dinucleating 28-membered hexaazadiphenol macrocyclic ligand, 3,7,11,19,23,27-hexaaza-33,34-dihydroxy-15,31-dimethyl-tricyclo-tetratriaconta-1(32),13,15,17(34),29(33),30-hexaene). The pH potentiometric method was utilized successfully to determine oxygenation constants and to determine the distribution of species present in the solution as a function of p[H]. Spectrophotometry was used to investigate the oxygenation process of the homo and heterodinuclear complexes. The X-ray crystal structure of homodinuclear complexes of Ni(II) is also reported. These studies suggested autooxidation takes place during the oxygenation of homo and heterodinuclear Co(II) complexes of the macrocyclic ligand. The neighboring effect increases in the order Ni(II)
Interstitial-Atom Trapping and Deuterium Localization at 57Co Impurities in Cu

A high purity Cu target foil doped with 57Co and cooled to 80 K has been deuteron irradiated (E = 2 MeV to.5 MeV) using a Van de Graaff accelerator. In-situ Mossbauer spectra of the target were taken as a function of deuterium dose and post irradiation annealing. Two new 57Co sites are observed in addition to the original substitutional site. The new site ‘1’, populated at low temperature following the irradiations is identified with a 57Co impurity atom having Cu-interstitials trapped in its immediate vicinity. The new site ‘2’, populated on annealing the target above 360 K is believed to represent a 57Co impurity having deuterium localized in its vicinity.
Microbial sulfate reduction and metal attenuation in pH 4 acid mine water

Sediments recovered from the flooded mine workings of the Penn Mine, a Cu-Zn mine abandoned since the early 1960s, were cultured for anaerobic bacteria over a range of pH (4.0 to 7.5). The molecular biology of sediments and cultures was studied to determine whether sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were active in moderately acidic conditions present in the underground mine workings. Here we document multiple, independent analyses and show evidence that sulfate reduction and associated metal attenuation are occurring in the pH-4 mine environment. Water-chemistry analyses of the mine water reveal: (1) preferential complexation and precipitation by H2S of Cu and Cd, relative to Zn; (2) stable isotope ratios of 34S/32S and 18O/16O in dissolved SO4 that are 2–3 ‰ heavier in the mine water, relative to those in surface waters; (3) reduction/oxidation conditions and dissolved gas concentrations consistent with conditions to support anaerobic processes such as sulfate reduction. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of sediment show 1.5-micrometer, spherical ZnS precipitates. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses of Penn Mine sediment show a high biomass level with a moderately diverse community structure composed primarily of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Cultures of sediment from the mine produced dissolved sulfide at pH values near 7 and near 4, forming precipitates of either iron sulfide or elemental sulfur. DGGE coupled with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA gene segments showed populations of Desulfosporosinus and Desulfitobacterium in Penn Mine sediment and laboratory cultures.
Hydrodynamic modes of H

The normal modes of a nonuniform distribution of H\ensuremath{\downarrow} atoms are studied in the hydrodynamic regime. Explicit results for the eigenfrequencies, phase velocities, etc., are obtained under special conditions. The two-fluid equations for a uniform H\ensuremath{\downarrow} system are then analyzed to show that below the Bose-Einstein condensation temperature there are two modes involving strongly coupled pressure and temperature oscillations.
Prototype diagnosis of psychiatric syndromes

The method of diagnosing patients used since the early 1980s in psychiatry, which involves evaluating each of several hundred symptoms for their presence or absence and then applying idiosyncratic rules for combining them for each of several hundred disorders, has led to great advances in research over the last 30 years. However, its problems have become increasingly apparent, particularly for clinical practice. An alternative approach, designed to maximize clinical utility, is prototype matching. Instead of counting symptoms of a disorder and determining whether they cross an arbitrary cutoff, the task of the diagnostician is to gauge the extent to which a patient's clinical presentation matches a paragraph-length description of the disorder using a simple 5-point scale, from 1 ("little or no match") to 5 ("very good match"). The result is both a dimensional diagnosis that captures the extent to which the patient "has" the disorder and a categorical diagnosis, with ratings of 4 and 5 corresponding to presence of the disorder and a rating of 3 indicating "subthreshold" or "clinically significant features". The disorders and criteria woven into the prototypes can be identified empirically, so that the prototypes are both scientifically grounded and clinically useful. Prototype diagnosis has a number of advantages: it better captures the way humans naturally classify novel and complex stimuli; is clinically helpful, reliable, and easy to use in everyday practice; facilitates both dimensional and categorical diagnosis and dramatically reduces the number of categories required for classification; allows for clinically richer, empirically derived, and culturally relevant classification; reduces the gap between research criteria and clinical knowledge, by allowing clinicians in training to learn a small set of standardized prototypes and to develop richer mental representations of the disorders over time through clinical experience; and can help resolve the thorny issue of the relation between psychiatric diagnosis and functional impairment.
Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the Peru upwelling area

Zika, R.G., Saltzman, E.S. and Cooper, W.J., 1985. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the Peru upwelling area. Mar. Chem., 17: 265--275. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide was measured in waters off the coast of Peru during June and July 1983. The study period coincided with the end of the 1982/83 E1 Ni/~o and the onset of coastal upwelling. Depth profiles of hydrogen peroxide concentration exhibit surface maxima and decrease with depth to the base of the mixed layer. Surface peroxide concentrations ranged from 0.8 to 5 x 10 -8 M. Below the mixed layer hydrogen peroxide was below the detection limit (5 x 10 -9 M). Diel variations were observed, with surface peroxide levels increasing during the day and decreasing at night. The nearshore station exhibited lower hydrogen peroxide concentrations than offshore stations, a reversal of the trend found in other coastal regions. This is attributed to the lack of coastal vegetation and runoff, and to active coastal upwelling of deeper water with low hydrogen peroxide concentrations.
The Missiles of November, December, January, February. . . : The Problem of Acceptable Risk in the Cuban Missile Crisis Settlement

This article examines how the Kennedy administration assessed the risk posed by Soviet short-range missiles in Cuba and the associated combat troops, particularly in the months after the peak of the Cuban missile crisis. The issue had a strong domestic political subtext that played out for months. Missiles in Cuba had been a topic of discussion well before the dramatic events of October 1962, and the dispute about them dragged on well past the famous “thirteen days.” Many studies assume a final resolution to the crisis that did not actually exist. The evidence from this period indicates that domestic political considerations were a fundamental factor in Kennedy's decision-making and apparently induced him to take a slightly harder line in the post-crisis negotiations with the Soviet Union than he otherwise might have. But the evidence also suggests that Kennedy was more willing than some of his advisers and many Congressional critics to accept a degree of permanent military risk in Cuba.
Synergistic Induction of NR4A Orphan Nuclear Receptors by LPS and cAMP in Murine Macrophage Cells

Although NR4A orphan nuclear receptors have been implicated in inflammatory gene expression and atherosclerosis, there is little information regarding their regulation by combinations of stimuli likely to be found in vivo, such as LPS and inducers of cAMP. LPS rapidly induced Nur77 and NOR1 mRNAs but had little effect on expression of Nurr1 mRNA. All three NR4As were rapidly induced by 8-bromo-cAMP and remained elevated for at least 8 h. Maximum induction of NOR1 by 8-bromo-cAMP was much greater than with LPS, but maximum induction of Nur77 was similar with both agents. Whereas Nurr1 mRNA had very little response to LPS, it was strongly induced by 8-bromo-cAMP, and Nurr1 mRNA levels remained elevated for at least 20 h. The combination of 8-bromo-cAMP and LPS acted synergistically to strongly induce NOR1 and Nur77, whereas LPS partially inhibited the induction of Nurr1 by 8-bromo-cAMP. Nurr1 protein levels correlated with Nurr1 mRNA levels but exhibited slower response kinetics. In summary, the NR4A receptors did not respond identically to individual stimuli or to combinations of stimuli. In particular, the magnitude of the responses to combinations of stimuli was quite different than to individual stimuli. Thus, NR4A receptor expression and the resulting functional consequences are more complex than appreciated from previous studies that evaluated regulation of NR4A expression by single stimuli.
Photons and magnetic fields: The use of synchrotron sources to study pairbreaking in superconductors

Pair-breaking effects in metallic superconductors have been studied by both linear and nonlinear spectroscopy using infrared synchrotron radiation. The measurements were performed at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, in magnetic fields up to 10 T. The optical conductivity of thin-film superconductors in applied magnetic fields has been estimated from the results of far-infrared transmission and reflection measurements. The combined measurements have been analyzed to give the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity. In turn, these quantities allow the magnetic-field dependence of the superconducting energy gap, pairbreaking parameter, and superfluid density to be estimated. Photons also may break Cooper pairs. Pump-probe studies of excess quasiparticle relaxation in the these superconducting films show a relaxation rate proportional to the excess quasiparticle number density, as expected for bimolecular recombination driven by a large excess quasiparticle population. Application of a magnetic field parallel to the sample surface is found to slow significantly the quasiparticle recombination process.
Programmable High Resolution Broadband Pulse Shaping using a 2-D VIPA-Grating Pulse Shaper with a Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS) Spatial Light Modulator

We demonstrate programmable spectral shaping with simultaneous broad-bandwidth(>40nm) and high-resolution(<4GHz) using a 2-D VIPA-Grating pulse-shaper with a LCOS SLM. The apparatus is capable of scaling to bandwidths of 100s of nm with sub-GHz resolution.
Electrostatic effects in highly charged proteins: salt sensitivity of pKa values of histidines in staphylococcal nuclease.

The pKa values of most histidines in small peptides and in myoglobin increase on average by 0.30 unit between 0.02 and 1.5 M NaCl [Kao et al. (2000) Biophys. J. 79, 1637]. The ΔpKa values reflect primarily the ionic strength dependence of the solvation energy; screening of Coulombic interactions contributes only in a minor way. This implies that Coulombic interactions are weak, or that attractive and repulsive contributions to the pKa values are balanced. To distinguish experimentally between these two possibilities, and to further characterize the magnitude and salt sensitivity of surface electrostatic interactions in proteins, the salt dependence of pKa values of histidines in staphylococcal nuclease was measured by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Three of the four histidines titrated with significantly depressed pKa values, and the salt sensitivity of all histidine pKa values was substantial. In three cases, the pKa values increased by a full unit between 0.01 and 1.5 M KCl. Anion-specific effects were found; the...
Analysis of complications of argon laser treatment for port wine hemangiomas with reference to striped technique

Argon laser treatment of port wine hemangiomas has evolved greatly in technique. Since 1979, we have treated 150 patients with the "zebra strike" technique in order to enhance fading and lessen the incidence of complications or side effects. Eighty-one such patients are studied in depth with at least an 18-month follow-up on all patients. The "zebra stripe" technique is described in detail. Analysis of fading shows a 64% excellent or good result in all patients and analysis of sponginess shows that a marked reduction of sponginess is possible by the laser. Side effects and complications including hypopigmentation, texture change, and indentation are discussed in detail. Analysis of scarring shows an overall scar rate of 15% with a general scar rate of 7.4% if you exclude the lip and nasolabial area. Residual striping was present to a slight degree in 34% of the patients and to a major degree in 7% of the patients. All factors are discussed as far as age, complexion, sex, color or port wine stain and related to stripe technique.
Coelomic cell hemoglobins of the polychaete annelid, Pista pacifica Berkeley

Abstract 1. 1. The terebellid polychaete, Pista pacifica, has an extracellular hemoglobin in its vascular fluid and at least two hemoglobins contained in coelomic cells. 2. 2. The coelomic cell hemoglobin is monomeric in the oxy- and carbon-monoxy forms and has an apparent molecular weight of 17 − 18,000; it can be separated into two components, Hb-1 and Hb-2, by ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis. 3. 3. The amino acid composition per heme of Hb-1 is: Lys14, His3, Arg5, 1 2 Cys 2 , Asp15, Thr11, Ser10, Glu12, Pro4, Gly10, Ala16, Val13, Met4, Ileu6, Leu12, Tyr6, Phe9 and Trp1. 4. 4. The amino acid composition per heme of Hb-2 is: Lys14, His3, Arg7, 1 2 Cys 3 , Asp18, Thr10, Ser9, Glu13, Pro8, Gly5, Ala8, Val10, Met3 Ileu11, Leu12, Tyr4, Phe10 and Trp2. 5. 5. The coelomic cell hemoglobins of P. pacifica are compared with other hemoglobins.
Wetland soil formation in the rapidly subsiding Mississippi River Deltaic Plain: mineral and organic matter relationships.

Abstract The elevation of submerging coastal marshes is maintained by vertical accretion of mineral and organic matter. Submergence rates currently exceed 1·0 cm year −1 in the Mississippi Deltaic Plain and are expected to increase. Mineral matter-organic matter relationships were examined in surface profiles of Mississippi Deltaic Plain soil from both Active Delta Zone marsh (which receives freshwater and mineral sediment from the Atchafalaya or Mississippi Rivers) and Inactive Delta Zone marsh (which relies on rainfall for freshwater and on reworked sediments for mineral matter) to gain insights into marsh soil structure and formation. Mineral and organic matter accounted for 4–14% of soil volume. The remainder was pore space and was occupied by water and entrapped gases. Organic matter occupied more volume than mineral matter in all but saline marsh soil. The regular influx of mineral matter to active fresh marsh resulted in active fresh marsh soil containing twice as much mineral and organic matter as inactive fresh marsh soil. Within the Inactive Delta Zone, the volume of mineral and organic matter increased from fresh (inland) to saline (seaward) marshes. Saline marsh soil required 1·7 times as much mineral matter as brackish marsh soil to vertically accrete at similar rates, possibly as a result of soil bulk density requirements of the dominant saline marsh plant, Spartina alterniflora . Vertical accretion rates were highest in the Active Delta Zone, probably as a result of increased mineral matter availability and delivery. Current, best estimates of the combination of mineral and organic matter required (g m −2 year −1 ) to maintain marsh surface-water level relationship are fresh marsh: organic matter = 1700 + 269 x , mineral matter = 424 x ; brackish marsh: organic matter = 553 + 583 x , mineral matter = 1052 x ; saline marsh: organic matter = 923 + 601 x , mineral matter = 1798 x , where x = the rate of submergence (cm year −1 ).
Direct and Indirect Aggression on Prime-Time Network Television

This study examined the prevalence of 3 types of aggression on prime-time television during the spring of 2005. Verbal aggression was found to be the most prevalent, followed by indirect and physical. Physical aggression appeared more frequently among Caucasians and males. Female characters were more involved in indirect aggression, while verbal aggression was sex neutral. In general, minority racial and ethnic groups were found to be less aggressive than Caucasians. Depictions of cross-sex and cross-cultural aggression seemed relatively balanced. Social learning implications of the findings are discussed. The daily news is filled with stories of conflict. And our TV sitcom “entertainment” is almost always based on conflict and people who handle it poorly. In fact much of the so-called “humor” in those sitcoms is nothing more than a series of destructive, damaging putdowns. As a result, I don't watch much of it. —Dr. Alan Zimmerman (2006) motivational speaker
Osmotic effects on the T2 relaxation decay of in vivo muscle.

Saline solutions are commonly employed as a vehicle for drugs administered intramuscularly. In this study, in vivo measurements of spin-spin relaxation (T2) processes by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed to investigate the distribution of water in rat masseter muscle tissue after intramuscular injection of saline solutions of varying tonicity. Prior to saline injection, image-based T2 relaxation decay of muscle was monoexponential. After injection of saline, the T2 relaxation decay became multiexponential. Non-negative least squares (NNLS) analysis of the decay curves revealed two relaxation components: a fast component (T2 = 20-40 ms) and a slow component (T2 = 150-400 ms), which are assigned to intra- and extracellular water protons, respectively. Injection of hypertonic saline solutions significantly increased the extracellular water component in muscle tissue compared to isotonic saline solutions, an effect which lasted for more than 60 min. These findings suggest that MRI techniques may be useful to investigate the effect of hyper- or hypotonic solutions on muscle tissue in vivo.
Extent and topography of the acetylation of calcified chicken-bone collagen.

Acetic anhydride in anhydrous acetone-triethylamine reacts with decalcified bone collagen in two ways. It completely acetylates the e-amino groups of lysine and hydroxylysine and causes a progressive change in the protein matrix, such that increasing amounts of degraded peptides become soluble in alkaline phosphate solution. The peptides produced have molecular weights ranging from 100,000 to less than 2,000 daltons. The number of peptides obtained indicates that there are about 10 bonds cleaved per chain. Ball-mill grinding, particle sire of the decalcified bone fragments, and age of the chicken do not affect the fraction of collagen that can be solubilized. The appearance of peptides begins at the point where 90% of the ϵ-amino groups are modified. Both the phosphate-soluble and phosphate-insoluble fractions were essentially completely N-acetylated.Calcified bone under the same conditions is rapidly acetylated to only 45% of the total w-amino groups. With further additions of reagent, the degree of modi...
Front and Center: Speaking, Listening, and Assessment in the Contexts of Communication Instruction

(2006). Front and Center: Speaking, Listening, and Assessment in the Contexts of Communication Instruction. International Journal of Listening: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 62-65.
Application of support vector machines to breast cancer screening using mammogram and history data

The objectives of this paper are to discuss: (1) the development and testing of a new Evolutionary Programming (EP) method to optimally configure Support Vector Machine (SVM) parameters for facilitating the diagnosis of breast cancer; (2) evaluation of EP derived learning machines when the number of BI-RADS and clinical history discriminators are reduced from 16 to 7; (3) establishing system performance for several SVM kernels in addition to the EP/Adaptive Boosting (EP/AB) hybrid using the Digital Database for Screening Mammography, University of South Florida (DDSM USF) and Duke data sets; and (4) obtaining a preliminary evaluation of the measurement of SVM learning machine inter-institutional generalization capability using BI-RADS data. Measuring performance of the SVM designs and EP/AB hybrid against these objectives will provide quantative evidence that the software packages described can generalize to larger patient data sets from different institutions. Most iterative methods currently in use to optimize learning machine parameters are time consuming processes, which sometimes yield sub-optimal values resulting in performance degradation. SVMs are new machine intelligence paradigms, which use the Structural Risk Minimization (SRM) concept to develop learning machines. These learning machines can always be trained to provide global minima, given that the machine parameters are optimally computed. In addition, several system performance studies are described which include EP derived SVM performance as a function of: (a) population and generation size as well as a method for generating initial populations and (b) iteratively derived versus EP derived learning machine parameters. Finally, the authors describe a set of experiments providing preliminary evidence that both the EP/AB hybrid and SVM Computer Aided Diagnostic C++ software packages will work across a large population of patients, based on a data set of approximately 2,500 samples from five different institutions.
LOW-VALENT METAL ISONITRILE COMPLEXES. I. THE STRUCTURE OF DI-(μ-METHYLISONITRILE)DI-(h 5−CYCLOPENTADIENYL)DINICKEL

Abstract The crystal and molecular structures of a compound with the formula [(C5H5)CH3NC)Ni]2 have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The dinuclear molecule has virtual C2 symmetry; its important structural features are: (1) bridging CH3NC groups; (2) pentahaprtocyclopentadienylnickel groups; (3) a short Ni-Ni bond, 2.322(1) A. Each Ni2CNC group is planar; the dihedral angle between the two Ni2CN planes, which meet along the Ni-Ni line is 121.1°. The Ni-C-Ni groups are slightly unsymmetrical. The crystals belong to space group P21Jc (No. 14) and the unit cell dimensions are: a = 6.999(2) A, b = 22.07(1) A, c = 9.130(3) A and β = 93.433(5)°.
Resumption of contractions after freezing in liquid nitrogen in small pieces of rat heart containing pacemaking centers.

Summary The investigation reported in this paper represents an attempt to repeat with the rat heart experiments previously conducted with the frog heart, in which small pieces cut from the upper part of the organ and selected for their ability to undergo spontaneous rhythmic contractions (that is, pieces containing pacemaking centers) survived freezing in liquid nitrogen. Pieces measuring 1 to 2 mm on the side, cut from the atria and the septa of rat hearts, and observed to beat spontaneously were exposed for 1.5 min in Eagle's medium containing 20% ethylene glycol, then frozen in liquid nitrogen and thawed rapidly in Eagle's medium at room temperature. Out of 54 pieces so treated, 24 (44%) resumed rhythmic contractions spontaneously and continued beating for hours, occasionally up to 40 hrs, at room temperature. Recovery from the injury inflieted by dissection alone required some 15 min to 2 hrs; recovery from exposure to ethylene glycol, a few minutes; and recovery from the freezing-thawing ordeal, 30 min to several hours.
Hydrogen transport properties of palladium film prepared by colloidal spray deposition

Abstract Palladium films were fabricated by a novel colloidal spray deposition method. Dense, crack-free Pd films with thickness of 5–11 μm were successfully fabricated on porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates having pore size of 3–7 μm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the film has uniform thickness and is well bonded to the substrate. The surface of the Pd film is composed of well-crystallized plate-like grains with diameter of 2–4 μm and has a rough texture. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the as-sintered Pd film indicates (111) preferred crystal orientation. The hydrogen permeation properties of the films were investigated at temperatures of 330–530 °C using 90% H 2 /balance He and N 2 as feed and sweep gases, respectively. The hydrogen permeation of the supported Pd films with thickness of 5–11 μm was limited by both the diffusion of hydrogen through the metal bulk and the gas-phase transport through the support. The resistance of the gas-phase transport through the substrate was lowered significantly by reducing the thickness of the substrate.
Lattice dynamics of cadmium telluride

The phonon dispersion relation of CdTe at 300 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K has been measured for the [100], [111], and [110] directions of propagation using neutron inelastic scattering. The CdTe single crystal was grown from the melt with Cd present as $^{114}\mathrm{Cd}$ to reduce the neutron absorption of the specimen. The results have been fitted to a 14-parameter shell model that represents both the neutron data and other measured properties well when the non-neutron data are included in the fit. The present results, along with earlier measurements on $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Sn}$ and InSb, complete the isoelectronic sequence $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Sn}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{InSb}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{CdTe}$. The systematic trends in the lattice dynamics of this series of semiconductors (which is characterized by increasing band gap and ionicity) are brought out by comparison of frequency distributions calculated from the shell-model fits.
Inequalities and Bounds for the Incomplete Gamma Function

Inequalities involving the incomplete gamma function are established. They are obtained using logarithmic convexity of some function associated with the function in question. Lower and upper bounds for the incomplete gamma function are also derived. Bounds for the error function erf are also established.
Magnetic correlations in 3d ferromagnets above Tc

Abstract A review is presented of our current neutron scattering experiments on Fe and Ni above the Curie temperature. Our experimental results show that the picture of propagating spin waves above T c , widely accepted since 1973, is incorrect. In addition, we will demonstrate that over wide ranges of ω, q and temperature, both Fe and Ni, as well as Pd 2 MnSn, follow a simple paramagnetic scattering function of the spin diffusion type.
Ureteroscopic management of transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter using the neodymium:YAG laser

Ureteroscopy offers an extension of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment to upper urinary tract malignancy. Combination of ureteroscopy and the Nd:YAG laser permits accurate and effective treatment of ureteral neoplasms. Nine highly selected patients, six males and three females, were treated with low grade papillary transitional cell carcinomas of the ureter with at least 24 months follow-up. Follow-up cytology and IVP have indicated no evidence for disease recurrence between the follow-up periods and minimal morbidity to the ureteroscopy and laser treatment. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multivariate methods for interpretation of emission spectra from the inductively coupled plasma

Abstract Multivariate methods are described which improve the quality of the information which is extracted from inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectra. The enhancements provided by these methods result from using more of the spectral information than is used by simpler peak height measurement schemes. The detection limit of an analyte is significantly improved when mathematical treatment is applied to emission spectra at multiple wavelengths near the peak maximum compared to peak height measurements which make use of only one bandpass of information. The advantages of these multivariate methods are greatest in situations where spectral interferences are present at the analyte wavelength. These algorithms replace auxiliary background correction routines since a background profile can be fit to the unknown spectrum. Even very small wavelength registration errors can be corrected using numerical derivatives of the unknown spectrum as components in the linear model. In this paper, multivariate methods for ICP are developed using only the method of least squares (MLS). The method is applied to simulated spectra and to real spectra collected on the Plasma 2000 spectrometer. A trace level determination of cobalt in the presence of an interfering concentration of iron is demonstrated at the 238.892-nm cobalt line.
Spondylolysis in Inuit skeletons from Arctic Canada

Inuit skeletons from archaeological sites in Arctic Canada were examined for the presence of spondylolysis. The largest series represent the Thule culture and historic Inuit from northwest Hudson Bay and Labrador, and Sadlermiut from Southampton Island. The condition was found in 90 individuals, with a total of 120 affected vertebrae producing 198 hemi-arch defect sites. As in other studies, L5 is affected most frequently, followed by L4 and L3, but examples of L1, L2, L6, and S1 involvement are represented. Incomplete separations account for 20% (40) of the 198 defects, and 5% (10) occur at sites other than interarticularis. Affected males outnumber females at a ratio of 2.4 to 1. The condition was found to increase in frequency from adolescence to young adulthood, and then decrease to middle adulthood and decrease again to old adulthood, but the drop in frequency with age in the adult categories is significant only at the .20 level. Where comparisons could be made, the data obtained from the Canadian Inuit closely resemble those obtained from Alaskan Eskimos and Aleuts, especially their closest linguistic relatives, Inupiat speakers in northern Alaska. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fluid-structure interaction method for highly deformable solids

The immersed element-free Galerkin method (IEFG) is presented for modeling fluid-structure interaction problems involving large deformation of a slender solid body. The fluid flow and energy equations are solved with an Eulerian adaptive finite element method while the solid domain is modeled with an updated-Lagrangian IEFG formulation. The fluid-structure interaction is represented as a volumetric force in the momentum equations. The continuity between the solid and fluid domains is satisfied by means of a local moving least squares approximation of the fluid velocity field and the fluid-structure interaction force. To illustrate the potential of the IEFG method, a model problem which is closely related to computations of the dynamics of oxide bifilms in molten metal alloys during a solidification process is presented.
Influenza B virus RNA segment 8 codes for two nonstructural proteins.

Abstract The eight genome RNA segment of influenza B virus codes for two nonstructural polypeptides (NS 1 and NS 2 ). These polypeptides are translated from separate mRNA species which have been identified by in vitro translation after gradient separation. The location of the gene coding for the NS 2 polypeptide was determined by hybridization of its mRNA to individual virus genome RNA segments and the resulting specific inhibition of its synthesis in vitro after hybridization to genome segment 8. The NS 1 and NS 2 polypeptides do not share [ 35 S]methionine-containing tryptic peptides, and the size of the NS 1 polypeptide is such that the nucleotide sequences coding for it must occupy almost the entirety of genome segment 8. Thus the sequences coding for most, if not all, of the NS 2 polypeptide must overlap with those coding for NS 1 and be translated in a different reading frame. The results suggest that the proportion of the NS 1 mRNA that is translated and the extent of the overlap between the NS 1 and NS 2 genes is greater in influenza B virus than was found previously with influenza A virus.
The Gs-linked receptor GPR3 inhibits the proliferation of cerebellar granule cells during postnatal development.

Background During postnatal murine and rodent cerebellar development, cerebellar granule precursors (CGP) gradually stop proliferating as they differentiate after migration to the internal granule layer (IGL). Molecular events that govern this program remain to be fully elucidated. GPR3 belongs to a family of Gs-linked receptors that activate cyclic AMP and are abundantly expressed in the adult brain. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate the role of this orphan receptor in CGP differentiation, we determined that exogenous GPR3 expression in rat cerebellar granule neurons partially antagonized the proliferative effect of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), while endogenous GPR3 inhibition by siRNA stimulated Shh-induced CGP proliferation. In addition, exogenous GPR3 expression in CGPs correlated with increased p27/kip expression, while GPR3 knock-down led to a decrease in p27/kip expression. In wild-type mice, GPR3 expression increased postnatally and its expression was concentrated in the internal granular layer (IGL). In GPR3 −/− mice, the IGL was widened with increased proliferation of CGPs, as measured by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. Cell cycle kinetics of GPR3-transfected medulloblastoma cells revealed a G0/G1 block, consistent with cell cycle exit. Conclusions/Significance These results thus indicate that GPR3 is a novel antiproliferative mediator of CGPs in the postnatal development of murine cerebellum.
Heat Induced Damage Detection by Terahertz (THz) Radiation

Terahertz (THz) and sub-terahertz imaging and spectroscopy are becoming increasingly popular nondestructive evaluation techniques for damage detection and characterization of materials. THz radiation is being used for inspecting ceramic foam tiles used in TPS (Thermal Protection System), thick polymer composites and polymer tiles that are not good conductors of ultrasonic waves. Capability of THz electromagnetic waves in detecting heat induced damage in porous materials is investigated in this paper. Porous pumice stone blocks are subjected to long time heat exposures to produce heat induced damage in the block. The dielectric properties extracted from THz TDS (Time Domain Spectroscopy) measurements are compared for different levels of heat exposure. Experimental results show noticeable and consistent change in dielectric properties with increasing levels of heat exposure, well before its melting point.
Preference for Online Social Interaction A Theory of Problematic Internet Use and Psychosocial Well-Being

The model introduced and tested in the current study suggests that lonely and depressed individuals may develop a preference for online social interaction, which, in turn, leads to negative outcomes associated with their Internet use. Participants completed measures of preference for online social interaction, depression, loneliness, problematic Internet use, and negative outcomes resulting from their Internet use.Results indicated that psychosocial health predicted levels of preference for online social interaction, which, in turn, predicted negative outcomes associated with problematic Internet use. In addition, the results indicated that the influence of psychosocial distress on negative outcomes due to Internet use is mediated by preference for online socialization and other symptoms of problematic Internet use.T he results support the current hypothesis that that individuals’ preference for online, rather than face-to-face, social interaction plays an important role in the development of negative con...
A criticism of distinctive features

The relationship between segment and sound is a central concern of phonology.1 A framework for the definition of this relationship is that of distinctive features - proposed by Roman Jakobson and developed by Morris Halle. This framework may be looked at as having two parts: the substantive and the formal. The substantive is made up of the small number of features which, it is claimed (Halle, 1957: 67 ff.), are all that are necessary for describing all the languages of the world - fifteen by the latest count (Halle, 1964a: 329). The formal consists of a number of concepts which appear to have contributed to the definition of the relationship between segment and sound in transformational theory (Chomsky, 1964: 86). Only incidentally will I be concerned with the substantive part of the framework.
Efficient and Accurate Rectangular Window Subspace Tracking

In this paper, we describe a rectangular window subspace tracking algorithm, which tracks the r largest singular values and corresponding left singular vectors of a sequence of n times c matrices in O(nr2) time. This algorithm is designed to track rapidly changing subspaces. It uses a rectangular window to include a finite number of approximately stationary data columns. This algorithm is based on the improved fast adaptive subspace tracking (IFAST) algorithm of Toolan and Tufts, but reforms the rth order eigendecomposition with an alternative method that takes advantage of matrix structure. This matrix is a special rank-six modification of a diagonal matrix, so its eigendecomposition can be determined with only a single O(r3) matrix product to rotate its eigenvectors, and all other computation is O(r2). Methods for implementing this algorithm in a numerically stable way are also discussed
An investigation of packetised voice on the FDDI token ring

The aim of the study is to verify that the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), a proposed American National Standard for a 100 Mb/s token ring network using a fiber-optic medium that can support packetized voice while providing a reasonable service for asynchronous traffic. The authors begin by analyzing the maximum number of voice conversations the can be supported by a 100 Mbs/s FDDI token-ring network. The constraints imposed by FDDI ensure that no packets are lost, even under worst-case conditions. Simulation results indicate that a much greater number of calls can be supported by relaxing these constraints while still providing a suitable level of service. For example, using 10 ms voice packets, and FDDI network can support up to 734 conversations as compared with the analytical value of 376. A 10 km ring with 100 stations allows 600 conversations while leaving 30 Mb/s of bandwidth for asynchronous traffic. >
Algal species and light microenvironment in a low-pH, geothermal microbial mat community.

Unicellular algae are the predominant microbial mat-forming phototrophs in the extreme environments of acidic geothermal springs. The ecology of these algae is not well known because concepts of species composition are inferred from cultivated isolates and microscopic observations, methods known to provide incomplete and inaccurate assessments of species in situ. We used sequence analysis of 18S rRNA genes PCR amplified from mat samples from different seasons and different temperatures along a thermal gradient to identify algae in an often-studied acidic (pH 2.7) geothermal creek in Yellowstone National Park. Fiber-optic microprobes were used to show that light for algal photosynthesis is attenuated to 49°C. A Chlorella protothecoides var. acidicola sequence and a Paradoxia multisita-like sequence were predominant at temperatures of <39°C.
A Large US Retailer Selects Transportation Carriers Under Diesel Price Uncertainty

A large US retailer that procures transportation services from third-party carriers experienced an unexpected jump in fuel surcharges as the price of diesel fuel skyrocketed in the summer of 2008. As a result, it sought to limit its future exposure to diesel price risk. We collaborated with this retailer to create a lane assignment optimizer (LAO) that incorporates diesel price risk when selecting carriers for its transportation lanes. The LAO tool has significantly improved the retailer's capability to evaluate the trade-off between the two crucial components of a lane's per-shipment cost: base price and risk-adjusted fuel surcharge. The retailer can now take diesel price risk into account when selecting cost-effective carriers for its lanes, negotiating fuel surcharge limits to share diesel price risk with its carriers, and better aligning the fuel surcharges it pays with the true cost of diesel. We estimate that the more favorable contract terms the retailer negotiated for 2009–2011 translate to nearly $5 million in potential savings during years with unexpected diesel price hikes, such as 2008.
Realization of Bose-Einstein Condensates in Lower Dimensions

Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms have been prepared in optical and magnetic traps in which the energy-level spacing in one or two dimensions exceeds the interaction energy between atoms, realizing condensates of lower dimensionality. The crossover into two-dimensional and one-dimensional condensates was observed by a change in aspect ratio and by the release energy converging to a nonzero value when the number of trapped atoms was reduced.
Probabilistic connections in relaxation networks

This paper reports on the results from studying the behavior of Hopfield-type networks with probabilistic connections. As the probabilities decrease, network performance degrades. In order to compensate problem, two network modifications, an input persistence and a new activation function, are suggested and empirical results indicate that the modifications described significantly improve the network performance.
Noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema following cardiopulmonary bypass: report of two cases and review of the literature

Two cases of noncardiogenic pulmonary oedema following cardiopulmonary bypass are presented. The clinical manifestations, postulated pathogenesis and management are discussed. A recent review of the literature fails to yield a unified explanation of this rare but often disastrous entity.
Convergent and Divergent Cellular Responses by ErbB4 Isoforms in Mammary Epithelial Cells

Associations of ErbB4 (ERBB4/HER4), the fourth member of the EGFR family, with cancer are variable, possibly as a result of structural diversity of this receptor. There are multiple structural isoforms of ERBB4 arising by alternative mRNA splicing, and a subset undergo proteolysis that releases membrane-anchored and soluble isoforms that associate with transcription factors and coregulators to modulate transcription. To compare the differential and common signaling activities of full-length (FL) and soluble intracellular isoforms of ERBB4, four JM-a isoforms (FL and soluble intracellular domain (ICD) CYT-1 and CYT-2) were expressed in isogenic MCF10A cells and their biologic activities were analyzed. Both FL and ICD CYT-2 promoted cell proliferation and invasion, and CYT-1 suppressed cell growth. Transcriptional profiling revealed several new and underexplored ERBB4-regulated transcripts, including: proteases/protease inhibitors (MMP3 and SERPINE2), the YAP/Hippo pathway (CTGF, CYR61, and SPARC), the mevalonate/cholesterol pathway (HMGCR, HMGCS1, LDLR, and DHCR7), and cytokines (IL8, CCL20, and CXCL1). Many of these transcripts were subsequently validated in a luminal breast cancer cell line that normally expresses ERBB4. Furthermore, ChIP-seq experiments identified ADAP1, APOE, SPARC, STMN1, and MXD1 as novel molecular targets of ERBB4. These findings clarify the diverse biologic activities of ERBB4 isoforms, and reveal new and divergent functions. Implications: ErbB4 as a regulator of Hippo and mevalonate pathways provides new insight into milk production and anabolic processes in normal mammary epithelia and cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 12(8); 1140–55. ©2014 AACR.
Improved recovery and reconstruction of DEFLATEd files

This paper presents a method for recovering data from files compressed with the DEFLATE algorithm where short segments in the middle of the file have been corrupted, yielding a mix of literal bytes, bytes aligned with literals across the corrupted segment, and co-indexed unknown bytes. An improved reconstruction algorithm based on long byte n-grams increases the proportion of reconstructed bytes by an average of 8.9% absolute across the 21 languages of the Europarl corpus compared to previously-published work, and the proportion of unknown bytes correctly reconstructed by an average of 20.9% absolute, while running in one-twelfth the time on average. Combined with the new recovery method, corrupted segments of 128-4096 bytes in the compressed bit-stream result in reconstructed output which differs from the original file by an average of less than twice the number of bytes represented by the corrupted segment. Both new algorithms are implemented in the trainable open-source ZipRec 1.0 utility program.