cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid as a Potential Treatment for Semi-acute and Chronic Particle-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Balb/c Mice.

Acute and chronic inflammation are vital contributing factors to pulmonary diseases which can be triggered by exposure to occupational and man-made particles; however, there are no established treatments. One potential treatment shown to have anti-inflammatory capabilities is the dietary supplement docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in fish oil. DHA’s anti-inflammatory mechanisms are unclear for particle-induced inflammation; therefore, this study evaluated DHA as a prophylactic treatment for semi-acute and chronic particle-induced inflammation in vivo. Balb/c mice were fed a control or 1% DHA diet and exposed to dispersion media, an inflammatory multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), or crystalline silica (SiO2) either once (semi-acute) or once a week for 4 weeks (chronic). The hypothesis was that DHA will decrease pulmonary inflammatory markers in response to particle-induced inflammation. Results indicated that DHA had a trending anti-inflammatory effect in mice exposed to MWCNT. There was a general decrease in inflammatory signals within the lung lavage fluid and upregulation of M2c macrophage gene expression in the spleen tissue. In contrast, mice exposed to SiO2 while on the DHA diet significantly increased most inflammatory markers. However, DHA stabilized the phagolysosomal membrane upon prolonged treatment. This indicated that DHA treatment may depend upon certain inflammatory particle exposures as well as the length of the exposure.
Vital Sign Monitoring via Flexible Capacitive Sensors: A Comparative Study

We present a comparative study on flexible capacitive sensors using three different mechanisms for vital sign monitoring. To record arterial pulse and respiration rate, sensors with a parallel-plate structure and engineered dielectrics with piezoelectric (BTO, PVDF - TrFE) fillers, polyurethane foam or triboelectric frictional layers are explored in this work. The sensitivity of the sensors with alternative mechanisms are compared by placing them on different locations on the body (wrist, neck and suprasternal notch). It is found that PU foam-based sensor is most sensitive option in terms of location and spectral content. Collectively, these sensors can be used in a multimodal patch developed for monitoring respiratory health as well as other abnormalities via sensor fusion.
Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of Innominate Artery Thromboembolism.

Purpose:Acute thromboembolic disease of the innominate artery (IA) poses a unique set of therapeutic challenges, owing to its contribution to both the cerebral and upper extremity circulation, and ...
Motion artifacts and correction in neuro MRI

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a sensitive and versatile imaging modality that is susceptible to artifacts due to motion during acquisition. This chapter reviews the need for a consistent and preferably automatically assigned truly anatomical brain coordinate system that is established and maintained throughout the scan session. Consistent positioning requires motion mitigation by training, sedation or head restraint systems, and/or motion tracking and correction throughout the session. Methods to quantify image quality are important to validate prospective and retrospective methods. Retrospective methods include autofocus and super-resolution methods, and machine learning approaches that translate images with artifacts to clean images. Navigators are sequence elements interleaved within a sequence to obtain snapshots of the motion repeatedly throughout a scan. External camera systems and devices attached to the subject are also used for tracking and correction. Navigators, field cameras and NMR probes can be used to detect field changes that accompany motion.
Living Arrangements and Fertility: A Case Study in Southern Ghana

The traditional fertility transition model has been criticized because it is based on the demographic changes that occurred throughout Europe and the West at the end of the nineteenth century, where urbanization and industrialization were identified as major drivers of fertility decline. In other regions of the world, it appears that fertility transitions are driven by multiple interacting factors (Mason 1997) that are increasingly associated with an urban transition rather than industrialization and economic growth. It is now widely recognized that urban areas tend to have lower fertility rates than their rural counterparts (White et al. 2005). Given Africa’s current rapid pace of urbanization (United Nations 2006), one would expect a strong decline in overall fertility rates, though such declines have stalled in much of the continent, possibly attributable to the cultural importance given to reproduction as a means to ensure the survival of traditional lineages (Caldwell 1996).
RVB Redux: A Synergistic Theory of High TC Cuprates

From the moment of their discovery the high T c superconducting cuprates have been a subject of controversy, and even today there is no complete theoretical consensus, let alone agreement as to the correct interpretation of many of the experimental facts. Yet in spite of the appearance of confusion I sense that there is a growing area of agreement among many theorists, and perhaps even more experimentalists, as to the basic outlines of the theory of these puzzling substances, although the terms in which the ideas are couched may appear very different. What I shall try to do here is to express this quasi-consensus in fairly general terms. Then, in a subsequent paper, I will go on along a specific route to a more complete outline of a theory, on which there may be less of a consensus.
Computation of the lowest eigenvalue arising from the problem of stellar stability by the method of Schwartz iteration

The Schwartz iteration procedure is used to compute the lowest eigenvalue from the equation for radial oscillations of stars. It was found that the convergence of the iteration had an oscillating convergence. This made it unsuitable for the computation of the higher eigenvalues. A series of associated Laguerre functions is suggested as a method of obtaining better results.
Application of Green's function Monte Carlo to one-dimensional lattice fermions

One-dimensional models of quantum many-body systems have received a great deal of a t tent ion over the years, 1 not only because they are more mathematically t ractable,2 but also because they are experimental ly accessible. Among the most popular theoret ical models of quasi-one-dimensional are the Hubbard 3 Hamiltonians. These have served as models for the study of organic conductors as well as the invest igat ion of sol i tons in materials l i ke polyacetylene. In i t s simplest form the Hamiltonian
Types of cost in inductive concept learning

Inductive concept learning is the task of learning to assign cases to a discrete set of classes. In real-world applications of concept learning, there are many different types of cost involved. The majority of the machine learning literature ignores all types of cost (unless accuracy is interpreted as a type of cost measure). A few papers have investigated the cost of misclassification errors. Very few papers have examined the many other types of cost. In this paper, we attempt to create a taxonomy of the different types of cost that are involved in inductive concept learning. This taxonomy may help to organize the literature on cost-sensitive learning. We hope that it will inspire researchers to investigate all types of cost in inductive concept learning in more depth.
Fluorinations with Pyridinium Polyhydrogen Fluoride Reagent: 1‐Fluoroadamantane

Fluorinations with pyridinium polyhydrogen fluoride reagent: 1-fluoroadamantane product: 1-fluoroadamantane product: Isopropyl product: sec-Butyl product: tert-Butyl product: 3-Ethyl-3-fluoropentane product: 3-Fluoro-3-methylheptane product: 4-Fluoro-3-methylheptane product: Cyclohexyl fluoride product: 2-Fluoronorbornane product: 2-Fluoroadamantane product: 1-Fluoro-1-phenylethane product: Isopropyl fluoride product: n-Propyl fluoride product: sec-Butyl fluoride product: tert-Butyl fluoride product: Cyclopentyl fluoride product: Cyclohexyl fluoride product: Cycloheptyl fluoride product: 2-Fluoronorbornane product: 2,2-Difluorohexane product: 3,3-Difluorohexane Keywords: halogenation, fluorination; replacement reactions, hydroxy by halogen; pyridine; pyridinium poly(hydrogen fluoride), preparation of; hydrogen fluoride; hydrogen fluoride, treatment of burns; pyridinium polyhydrogen fluoride; gas inlet, polyolefin; separatory funnel, polyolefin
Pancreatitis Associated with Valproic Acid Therapy

The development of acute pancreatitis in an 8-year-old boy being treated with valproic acid for simple absence spells is documented. A brief discussion of the other previously reported complications with valproic acid is included.
Computational methods for a three-dimensional model of the petroleum-discovery process

Abstract A discovery-process model devised by Drew, Schuenemeyer, and Root can be used to predict the amount of petroleum to be discovered in a basin from some future level of exploratory effort: the predictions are based on historical drilling and discovery data. Because marginal costs of discovery and production are a function of field size, the model can be used to make estimates of future discoveries within deposit size classes. The modeling approach is a geometric one in which the area searched is a function of the size and shape of the targets being sought. A high correlation is assumed between the surface-projection area of the fields and the volume of petroleum. To predict how much oil remains to be found, the area searched must be computed, and the basin size and discovery efficiency must be estimated. The basin is assumed to be explored randomly rather than by pattern drilling. The model may be used to compute independent estimates of future oil at different depth intervals for a play involving multiple producing horizons. We have written FORTRAN computer programs that are used with Drew, Schuenemeyer, and Root's model to merge the discovery and drilling information and perform the necessary computations to estimate undiscovered petroleum. These program may be modified easily for the estimation of remaining quantities of commodities other than petroleum.
Giordan, Henri, and Ricard, Alain (eds.), Diglossie et littérature.

La jena kolekto konsistas el ok referatoj el kongreso en Burdozo, 1975, du rilataj artikoloj, enkonduka materialo kaj generala bibliografio. Estas kohera, stimula, unueca kolekto. La generala artikolo rilat-igas la libron al la lingvoplanado en la novaj landoj kaj al la utileco de la koncepto 'diglosio' en la soci-ologia pristudo de la literaturo, sed la libro eble pli utilos al la kompreno de la rolo de minoritataj lingvoj en malnovaj, onidire 'unulingvaj' landoj kiel Francujo au Usono. Eble gia cefa valoro al soci-lingvistoj kaj lingvoplanistoj estas gia pritrakto de politikaj, ekonomiaj, historiaj kaj ideologiaj elementoj en la analizo de lingvaj situacioj.Ce la plejmultaj kontribuintoj, diglosia situacio estas tiu, en kiu 'alta' lingvoformo au lingvo funkcias kiel subpremilo kontra09agn 'malalta' lingvo au nure parola lingvo. Multo en la libro pritraktas la norman francan lingvon, jam de anta09agn la Franca Revolucio. Gi disvastigis, ne lau la popularaj mitoj, sed per ekonomia kaj politika perforto; lingva 'liberigo' devas antau cio tusi la lernejojn. Estas partianaj pri-traktoj, tamen dokumentitaj, kaj valora kontribuo al la historia socilingvistiko au al historio surbaze de socilingvistika informoLa sinteno al la minoritata lingvo estas ideologia afero, dokumentita cefe el literaturaj tekstoj. Aliaj konceptoj estas pri lingva politiko kaj lingva praktiko; la diskuto multe bazigas sur verko de Balibar kaj Laporte, La nacia franca lingvo..., grava specimeno de nuna franca esploro. Fakte, la nun recenzata verko estas bona enkonduko al la franca bibliografio en la fako. Tri el la referatoj aludas al situacioj ekster Francujo; Ninyoles verkas pri Katalunujo, sed tio estas eksdata pro lastatempaj lingvopolitikaj sangigoj. Ben Cheikh emociige prezentas la triglosion de Tunizio, kaj Mackey panorame prezentas la uzon de du lingvoj au lingvoformoj en beletro, ekde mezepoko.La libro ne konsistigas modelon de la socilingvistika analizo de la beletro, kiel la titolo eble indikus, sed estas plena je faktoj kaj ideoj por lingvoplanistoj. La koncentrigo ce la franca estas samtempe forto kaj malforto de la verko.
The coordination chemistry of the hydrotris(3-diphenylmethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate (TpCHPh2) ligand

The new ligand, hydrotris[3-(diphenylmethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]borate, TpCHPh2, has been synthesized and its coordination chemistry was compared with that of the analogous TpiPr. The new ligand was converted to a variety of complexes, such as M[TpCHPh2]X (M = Co, Ni, Zn; X = Cl, NCO, NCS), Pd[TpCHPh2][η3-methallyl], Co[TpCHPh2](acac), and Co[TpCHPh2](scorpionate ligand). Compounds Tl[TpCHPh2], 1, Co[TpCHPh2]Cl, 2, Co[TpCHPh2](NCS)(DMF), 3, Ni[TpCHPh2](NCS)(DMF)2, 4, Co[TpCHPh2](acac), 5, Co[TpCHPh2][Ph2Bp], 6, Co[TpCHPh2][BpPh], 7, Co[TpCHPh2][Tp], 8, and (Ni[TpCHPh2])2[C2O4](H2O)2, 9, were structurally characterized.
Maternal Cigarette-Smoking and Cocaine/Polydrug Use during Pregnancy: Comparable Disruptive Effects on Fetal Autonomic Regulation

Maternal Cigarette-Smoking and Cocaine/Polydrug Use during Pregnancy: Comparable Disruptive Effects on Fetal Autonomic Regulation
Antagonism of morphine-induced miosis by naloxone and amphetamine in rabbits.

Abstract In both normal and 6-OH-dopamine treated rabbits, naloxone and (−)-amphethamine antagonized morphine-induced miosis. While the antagonism by naloxone may be presumably explained on the basis of classical competitive inhibition of morphine, reversal of morphine miosis by amphetamine may result from the peripheral and central effects of this amine. Since similar antagonism between morphine and amphetamine also occurs after peripheral sympathectomy, a central mechanism may be playing a major role in the reversal of morphine miosis. It is postulated that this action of amphetamine, probably mediated indirectly by catecholamines, causes inhibition of parasympathetic outflow.
Trilayer Development for 193 nm Immersion Lithography

Immersion technology is enabling the extension of 193 nm lithography by increasing the numerical aperture (NA) of the exposure system. The result is smaller depth of focus, subsequently requiring the use of thinner photoresists. Consequently, bottom antireflective coatings (BARCs) are required to have increased etch selectivity to thinner photoresists, as well as improved reflectivity control to minimize reflectivity from higher incident angles of hyper NA lens systems. A spin on trilayer patterning scheme has recently become a favorable approach to simultaneously address these issues.IBM and Shin Etsu have jointly developed a silicon containing BARC for the purpose of trilayer imaging. In this work, hyper NA imaging performance of the trilayer film stack is reported, at NA > 1.0. Full field, polarized 1.2 NA dipole imaging of line/space lithographic patterns is compared with both the trilayer imaging stack as well as a single layer, organic BARC stack. The process window of 1-D line/space structures was found to be significantly improved on the trilayer imaging stack. Improved profiles were observed on the trilayer film stack, with other lithography metrics showing comparable performance on both film stacks. Characterization of a solvent based rework scheme is presented for the trilayer imaging stack. Also, the chemical interaction between the silicon BARC and the photoresist was studied with an acid diffusion experiment. Within the detection limits of the experiment, it was found that acid diffusion from the silicon BARC is not a likely contributor to imaging performance.
DVGen: Increasing Coverage by Automatically Combining Test Specifications

DVGen is a novel microprocessor test generator that allows the verification engineer to focus only on capturing test intent via minimally constrained test specifications. DVGen combines test specifications to generate tests that preserve the intent of each specification while causing the concurrent occurrence of interesting events from each specification. DVGen is very effective at uncovering multi-dimensional corner case bugs, which have historically been the bane of complex designs.
Dissociation of apolipoprotein and apolipoprotein receptor response to lesion in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study.

Abstract The ɛ4 allele of apolipoprotein E is associated with increased risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. To further understand the anatomical distribution of apolipoprotein E and its native receptors in the brain, we studied their messenger RNA expression in the adult rat brain under normal conditions and in response to an excitotoxic lesion to the hippocampus. In situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes for apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein J, the low density lipoprotein receptor, very low density lipoprotein receptor, low density lipoprotein receptor related protein, 39,000 mol. wt receptor-associated protein and glycoprotein 330/Megalin messenger RNA were performed on adjacent sections throughout the rat forebrain. Apolipoprotein E messenger RNA was abundantly expressed in the rat brain in both white and gray matter localizing to astrocytes but not neurons. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and receptor-associated protein messenger RNA had a similar regional distribution but low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein messenger RNA was expressed by both neurons and glia, while the expression of receptor-associated protein messenger RNA was more highly expressed in neurons. Apolipoprotein J messenger RNA was expressed by neurons, glia and choroid plexus. The low density lipoprotein receptor and very low density lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA were found in both neurons and glia. Glycoprotein 330/Megalin messenger RNA was not detectable in the adult rat brain. In response to hippocampal lesions, apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein J messenger RNAs were significantly upregulated seven and 11 days post-lesion but the expression of low density lipoprotein receptor, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, receptor-associated protein, glycoprotein 330/Megalin, and very low density lipoprotein receptor messenger RNAs were unchanged. The expression of apolipoprotein E messenger RNA increased gradually beginning at three days while the expression of apolipoprotein J messenger RNA began to increase at seven days post-lesion. These findings further implicate apolipoproteins in the response of the brain to injury in vivo and suggest that transcriptional up-regulation of the apolipoprotein receptors studied is not a prominent feature in the response.
Flame Annealing of Ion Implanted Silicon

The authors investigated flame annealing of ion implantation damage (consisting of amorphous layers and dislocation loops) in (100) and (111) silicon substrates. The temperature of a hydrogen flame was varied from 1050 to 1200/sup 0/C and the interaction time from 5 to 10 seconds. Detailed TEM results showed that a defect-free annealing of amorphous layers by solid-phase-epitaxial growth could be achieved up to a certain concentration. However, dislocation loops in the region below the amorphous layer exhibited coarsening, i.e., the average loop size increased while the number density of loops decreased. Above a critical loop density, which was found to be a function of ion implantation variables and substrate temperature, formation of 90/sup 0/ dislocations (a cross-grid of dislocation in (100) and a triangular grid in (111) specimens) were observed. Electrical (Van der Pauw) measurements indicated nearly a complete electrical activation of dopants with mobility comparable to pulsed laser annealed specimens. The characteristics of p-n junction diodes showed a good diode perfection factor of 1.20-1.25 and low reverse bias currents.
Expressed Emotion and Subclinical Psychopathology Observable Within the Transactions Between Schizophrenic Patients and Their Family Members

The authors examined whether young, recently discharged schizophrenic patients from high (n = 34) and low (n = 14) expressed emotion (EE) families differ in their level of subclinical symptomatology during a direct interaction task. Compared with patients from low-EE homes, patients from high-EE home showed significantly more odd and disruptive behavior with family members. High-EE relatives were more likely than low-EE relatives to respond with criticism to the first unusual thought verbalized by the patient; when this occurred, the probability of a second unusual thought was augmented. Results suggest that high-EE family members may display negative attitudes toward patients in part because they are exposed to higher levels of unusual or disruptive behavior than low-EE relatives. The data also support a bidirectional, transactional model of the relationship between relatives' EE and patients psychopathology.
Potential Complications of Combining Intramuscular Olanzapine with Benzodiazepines in Emergency Department Patients

Abstract Background: Olanzapine (Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN) is starting to be used with more frequency in emergency departments (EDs) for agitated patients. The potential complications of the use of olanzapine in combination with a benzodiazepine have not been well characterized in ED patients with undifferentiated agitation. Objectives: The measurement of vital signs, repeat medication dosage, and ethanol levels in patients who received parenteral (intramuscular [IM]) olanzapine either alone or concurrently with benzodiazepines. Methods: This is a structured retrospective chart review of all patients who met the criteria of having received IM olanzapine for agitation and having vital signs documented both before medication administration and within 4 h afterwards. Results: Twenty-five patients were identified as meeting the inclusion criteria. Ten patients received olanzapine and benzodiazepine, and 15 patients received olanzapine alone. Regardless of whether or not they received benzodiazepines, patients who had ingested significant amounts of alcohol before arrival in the ED had decreased oxygen saturations after olanzapine administration. Oxygen saturations decreased more in patients who had ingested alcohol and then received olanzapine + benzodiazepines. Two patients (20%) who received olanzapine + benzodiazepines and who had ingested significant amounts of alcohol exhibited hypoxia, defined as lowest O 2 saturation ≤ 92%. Conclusions: In this relatively small sample, olanzapine plus benzodiazepines seems to be safe in patients who have not ingested alcohol, but may produce potentially significant oxygen desaturations in patients who have. Future, prospective studies should explore the benefits vs. potential risks of adding a benzodiazepine to olanzapine for agitated patients in the ED.
Water uptake by aerosol particles from automobile exhaust and wood smoke

Abstract Water uptake by combustion aerosol particles from common anthropogenic combustion sources was estimated by weighing filter samples while varying the relative humidity in the weighing chamber of an electronic microbalance. This technique was suitable for samples which weighed more than 3 mg. Significant water uptake was observed for diesel soot, gasoline exhaust, and wood smoke particles. Weights for typical diesel soot samples increased by slightly less than 2% as relative humidity was increased from 40% to 90%. Automobile exhaust sample weights increased by at least three to four times and wood smoke by at least three to more than five times as much as diesel soot sample weights. No effect of temperature was observed. It was concluded that atmospheric mass loadings of particulate matter from these sources increase by a small but significant amount as atmospheric relative humidity increases.
Effects of ethanol during adolescence on the number of neurons and glia in the medial prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala of adult male and female rats

Abstract Human adolescents often consume alcohol in a binge-like manner at a time when changes are occurring within specific brain structures, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLN). In particular, the number of neurons and glia is changing in both of these areas in the rat between adolescence and adulthood (Markham et al., 2007; Rubinow and Juraska, 2009). The current study investigated the effects of ethanol exposure during adolescence on the number of neurons and glia in the adult mPFC and BLN in Long–Evans male and female rats. Saline or 3 g/kg ethanol was administered between postnatal days (P) 35–45 in a binge-like pattern, with 2 days of injections followed by 1 day without an injection. Stereological analyses of the ventral mPFC (prelimbic and infralimbic areas) and the BLN were performed on brains from rats at 100 days of age. Neuron and glia densities were assessed with the optical disector and then multiplied by the volume to calculate the total number of neurons and glia. In the adult mPFC, ethanol administration during adolescence resulted in a decreased number of glia in males, but not females, and had no effect on the number of neurons. Adolescent ethanol exposure had no effects on glia or neuron number in the BLN. These results suggest that glia cells in the prefrontal cortex are particularly sensitive to binge-like exposure to ethanol during adolescence in male rats only, potentially due to a decrease in proliferation in males or protective mechanisms in females.
Governance implications for meeting challenges in the system of systems engineering field

This paper explores implications of Complex System Governance (CSG) for challenges faced in development of the System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) field. The paper is organized around four primary themes. First, the SoSE problem domain and issues in the field are examined. Second, an emerging role of CSG is developed in relationship to the SoSE problem domain. While this perspective of CSG is still in its embryonic stages, the potential for informing the SoSE field is developed from the axiomatic basis of systems theory and management cybernetics. Third, an organizing construct for research in CSG is developed around seven different streams of inquiry. This development also includes representative questions across the streams of inquiry. Fourth, the paper concludes with an exploration of how CSG might alleviate problematic areas in the SoSE field.
The two faces of the group therapist.

Abstract The group therapist wears two faces: spokesperson of the Establishment and spokesperson of significant truth. To run vital groups, these two roles of group leadership must stand in dialectic relationship to each other. The therapist introduces principles and practices that normalize group relations and provide a sense of cohesion, continuity, and regularity. However, to be constructive and promote significant truth, the group therapist must also be deconstructive, and encourage and support the group's questioning and challenging the very principles and practices that he or she asserts. A case example illustrates how the group leader is also two–faced in another sense of the term, since he or she may be false and insincere–or perceived as such–when being either the conservator or challenger of group process and culture.
Surgical revascularization techniques that minimize surgical risk and maximize late survival after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To identify surgical revascularization techniques that minimize surgical risk and maximize late survival in patients with diabetes undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods From January 1972 to January 2011, 11,922 patients with diabetes underwent primary isolated CABG. The revascularization techniques investigated included bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting (n = 938; 7.9%) versus single ITA (SITA) grafting, off-pump (n = 602; 5.0%) versus on-pump CABG, and incomplete (n = 2109; 18%) versus complete revascularization. The median follow-up was 7.8 years and total follow-up, 104,516 patient-years. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess the effects of surgical techniques on hospital outcomes and long-term mortality. Results After adjusting for patient characteristics, BITA versus SITA grafting was associated with a 21% lower late mortality (68% confidence limits, 16%-26%). However, BITA grafting was also associated with more deep sternal wound infections (DSWIs), but the considerable mortality from DSWI minimally affected overall survival because of its rare occurrence. The risk factors for DSWI were female sex (80% increased risk), higher body mass index (7% increased risk per kg/m 2 ), medically treated diabetes (73% increased risk), previous myocardial infarction (58% increased risk), and peripheral arterial disease (73% increased risk). Off-pump and on-pump CABG had similar results. Complete versus incomplete revascularization had similar hospital outcomes; however, complete revascularization was associated with 10% lower late mortality (68% confidence limits, 7.0%-13%). Conclusions BITA grafting with complete revascularization maximizes long-term survival and is recommended for patients with diabetes undergoing CABG. BITA grafting should be used in all patients with diabetes whose risk of DSWI is low. It might be best avoided in obese diabetic women with diffuse atherosclerotic burden—those at greatest risk of developing these infections.
Phase Changes in Ge Nanoparticles

Butyl-capped crystalline germanium (Ge) nanoparticles were synthesized at room temperature in dimethoxyethane by reduction of GeCl4 with Na(naphthalide) and subsequent reaction with butyl Grignard. The nanoparticles were isolated in hexane and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), elemental analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The product from this room-temperature reaction was heated under vacuum at temperatures of 200−600 °C at 50 °C intervals. The product obtained from the 300 °C treatment was soluble in hexane, while the products from temperatures greater than 300 °C were not. SAED was consistent with crystalline Ge from the initial synthesis at room temperature and amorphous Ge for the product heated under vacuum to 300 °C. X-ray powder diffraction of the 300 °C product shows the transition from amorphous to crystalline nanoparticles occurring between 550 and 600 °C. TEM shows that the n...
HVAC Ventilation Strategies: The Contribution for Thermal Comfort, Energy Efficiency, and Indoor Air Quality

Abstract In Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems, ventilation strategies impact building energy consumption, occupants' thermal comfort and Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Ventilation strategies such as Mixing Jet Ventilation (MJV), Displacement Ventilation (DV), and Impinging Jet Ventilation (IJV) are operated on the different principals. MJV relies on dilution, while DV and IJV rely on both dilution and stratification. Due to climatic variation, ventilation strategies must be operated under different cooling and heating load scenarios. Typically, each ventilation strategy controls the indoor environment through a single adequate flow rate with suitable supply parameters such as temperature, pollutant concentration, vapor, velocity, etc. Hence, the indoor thermal and IAQ condition are independently impacted. A room with excellent thermal condition is possible to have poor IAQ. Given this limitation, vast air flow variables, and occupants' activities, the performances evaluation of these stra...
Thermal and mechanical properties of a polypropylene nanocomposite

An experimental polypropylene (PP) nanocomposite, containing approximately 4 wt % of an organophilic montmorillonite clay, was prepared and characterized, and its properties were compared with those of talc-filled (20–40 wt %) compositions. Weight reduction, with maintained or even improved flexural and tensile moduli, especially at temperatures up to 70°C, was a major driving force behind this work. By a comparison with the analytical data from a nylon 6 (PA-6) nanocomposite, it was found that the PP nanocomposite contained well-dispersed, intercalated clay particles; however, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and permeability measurements confirmed that exfoliation of the clay in PP was largely absent. The increased glass-transition temperature (Tg) of a PA-6 nanocomposite, which possessed fully exfoliated particles, indicated the molecular character of the matrix–particle interaction, whereas the PP nanocomposite exhibited simple matrix–filler interactions with no increase in Tg. The PP nanocomposite exhibited a weight reduction of approximately 12% in comparison with the 20% talc-filled PP, while maintaining comparable stiffness. Undoubtedly, considerable advantages may be available if a fully exfoliated PP nanocomposite is fabricated; however, with the materials available, a combination of talc, or alternative reinforcements, and nanocomposite filler particles may provide optimum performance. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1639–1647, 2003
Comparison of adaptive and innate immune responses induced by licensed vaccines for human papillomavirus

Two HPV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, HPV-16/18 (GlaxoSmithKline, Cervarix®) and HPV-6/11/16/18 (Merck, Gardasil®), are currently licensed in the United States. Given the similar antigenic co...
RE-PLAN: An Extensible Software Architecture to Facilitate Disaster Response Planning

Computational tools are needed to make data-driven disaster mitigation planning accessible to planners and policymakers without the need for programming or geographic information systems expertise. To address this problem, we have created modules to facilitate quantitative analyses pertinent to a variety of different disaster scenarios. These modules, which comprise the REsponse PLan ANalyzer framework, may be used to create tools for specific disaster scenarios that allow planners to harness large amounts of disparate data and execute computational models through a point-and-click interface. Bio-E, a user-friendly tool built using this framework, was designed to develop and analyze the feasibility of ad hoc clinics for treating populations following a biological emergency event. In this paper, the design and implementation of the RE-PLAN framework are described, and the functionality of the modules used in the Bio-E biological emergency mitigation tools are demonstrated.
Forelimb Motor Performance Following Dorsal Column, Dorsolateral Funiculi, or Ventrolateral Funiculi Lesions of the Cervical Spinal Cord in the Rat

The neuroanatomical basis of forelimb motor control was examined following various surgical spinal cord lesions in the rat. Focal myelotomies were made at spinal level C4 to determine the effects that damage to long-tract pathways in the dorsal columns, dorsolateral funiculi, and ventrolateral funiculi have on a forelimb reaching and pellet retrieval task. Dorsal column lesions did not significantly reduce retrieval performance but did yield: (i) qualitative alterations in digit use during grasp execution, (ii) targeting errors during reaching attempts, and (iii) an apparent lack of ability to sense the presence of a pellet in the paw. Damage to the dorsolateral funiculi produced significantly diminished pellet retrieval performance at all postlesion intervals due to a prominent grasp deficit involving impaired digit flexion. Lesions of the ventrolateral funiculi did not produce a sustained, significant reduction in retrieval performance, although a qualitative deficit characterized by a mild forelimb reaching hypometria and premature grasp execution was exhibited. Based on comparisons with previous supraspinal and peripheral lesion studies in rats and supraspinal and spinal lesion studies in other mammalian species, the current results indicate that organization of descending and ascending spinal long-tract motor control of the forelimb in the rat is very similar to that described in other mammals, including primates. Additionally, these results demonstrate that the rat can serve as a biomedically relevant model of behavioral impairment and recovery following cervical spinal cord injury.
Challenges and opportunities of emerging nanotechnology for VLSI nanoelectronics

This presentation will first summarize some of the most recent silicon innovations made for advanced CMOS transistors in the nanotechnology era for high-speed and energy-efficient VLSI digital applications. Through these Si nanotechnologies, it is expected that the CMOS scaling and improved performance trends will extend and continue well into the next decade. In addition, there has been good progress made and much interest generated in the research of non-silicon materials and their integration onto large silicon wafers to enhance integrated circuits performance, provide more functions and reduce power dissipation. For instance, III-V compound semiconductors and their integration onto silicon are currently in research for future high-speed and ultra-low-power digital CMOS applications. Emerging nano-materials and nanotechnologies such as nanotubes, nanowires and nanoribbons, as well as new areas such as non-charge based devices and spintronics, are being explored for future computation and data storage applications. Furthermore, some of these nano- devices are finding potential applications in other important areas such as health and the environment, energy conversion and storage, consumer electronics, communication devices, sensors and so on. The research progress of these emerging nanotechnologies and nanoelectronic devices, and the challenges and opportunities of combining top-down and bottom-up nanoelectronics, will be discussed in this presentation.
Pinning down the CaMKII targets in the L-type Ca2+ channel: an essential step in defining CaMKII regulation

With each heartbeat, intracellular Ca2+ in a myocyte transiently increases about 10-fold, from ~ 100 nM to a peak of ~ 1 μM. In subcellular domains, such as near the mouth of an L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC), the peak is even higher. These rapid oscillations in Ca2+, commencing with Ca2+ entry through the LTCC that in turn triggers the release of intracellular Ca2+ stores from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via the ryanodine receptor type 2, are central to excitation–contraction coupling. In the midst of these large beat-to-beat changes in internal Ca2+, comparatively subtle Ca2+ signals control so much more than excitation–contraction coupling. A decade of research has shown that Ca2+ signals also trigger arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations, initiate gene expression that leads to hypertrophy, and induce apoptosis. So, how does Ca2+ control all this among the waves of the beat-to-beat Ca2+ changes driving excitation–contraction coupling?
Contextual facilitation of lexical processing in Alzheimer's disease: intralexical priming or sentence-level priming?

Abstract Studies of semantic priming (facilitation of lexical processing by a prior semantic context) suggest that semantic-memory structure remains intact in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, however, it has been claimed that the priming produced by single-word primes reflects merely the facilitation of preexisting lexical associations (intralexical priming) and thus reveals nothing about semantic memory in AD. Other studies showing normal priming in AD have used sentences as primes. However, intralexical priming originating from individual words within the sentence might also account for this type of contextual priming. This possibility was examined by reanalyzing previous sentence-priming results using data only from those trials where there was little likelihood of intralexical priming. This did not change the previous pattern of priming facilitation, suggesting that the normal sentence priming found in AD patients derives from the message conveyed by the sentence as a whole, rather than from simple...
Specificity of VIIIth nerve regeneration in lower vertebrates

From the initial studies of Sperry (Am. J. Physiol, 144:735-741, 1945) to more recent investigations, the regenerative capacity of the VIIIth cranial nerve in nonmammalian vertebrates has been noted for its robust and accurate recovery of functional connections after transection. The VIIIth cranial nerve contains nerve fibers that link functionally distinct sensory epithelial to various areas within the central nervous system (CNS), yet after transection these multiple components of the nerve navigate back to their original central target areas, without innervating inappropriate nuclei. A number of factors may be required to establish and direct VIIIth nerve regeneration. Cellular interactions appear to be necessary for the initiation of outgrowth and the maintenance of neural connections. The release of chemotropic substances from target cells has been postulated as the most likely mechanism guiding the reinnervation of central targets. Furthermore, the growth characteristics of these neurons in tissue culture, without target cells present, indicates that intrinsically regulated growth features may also contribute to the process of VIIIth nerve regeneration.
Infant characteristics and parental engagement at the transition to parenthood.

Abstract Positive engagement activities support children's adaptive development and new parents are encouraged to be highly engaged with infants. Yet, fathers’ engagement is widely understudied and maternal engagement quantity is frequently overlooked. Our study contributes to growing knowledge on associations between infant temperament and parental engagement by testing transactional and moderation models in a recent sample of first-time parents when infants were 3, 6, and 9 months old. Stringent longitudinal, reciprocal structural equation models partially confirmed an engagement “benefit”. Mothers’ engagement marginally contributed to their children's gains in effortful control from 3 to 6 months regardless of child gender. Further, mothers’ engagement reduced infant negative affect from 6 to 9 months regardless of child gender. Mothers’ ratings of infant negative affect were gendered; mothers’ ratings of infant negative affect increases more from 3 to 6 months for boys. Fathers’ engagement was contextually sensitive; child gender moderated the link between negative affect and engagement from 6 to 9 months, such that fathers became more engaged with boys whom they rated higher on negative affect; there was no effect for daughters. Finally, we found that effortful control moderated associations between negative affect and maternal engagement; mothers’ engagement increases from 3 to 6 months were greater for children initially rated lower in effortful control. Implications for future research and parenting education and support services are discussed.
Self-assembled molecular array in methylamine dissociation on Si(001)

We present first-principles density-functional calculations for the adsorption of methylamine $({\mathrm{NH}}_{2}{\mathrm{CH}}_{3})$ on the Si(001) surface. We find that methylamine which adsorbs on the down atom of the Si dimer undergoes N-H dissociation over an energy barrier of 0.83 eV. Unlike the case of ammonia, methylamine dissociation reverses the buckling configuration of Si dimers, resulting in a rearrangement of the up(down)-buckled side to the $\mathrm{Si}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{NHCH}}_{3}$ (Si-H) moiety. As a result, the dissociated ${\mathrm{NHCH}}_{3}$ species can be aligned along the dimer row.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM STABILITIES OF CYANEX302 AND CYANEX301 IN SULFURIC AND NITRIC ACIDS

ABSTRACT Cyanex 302 and Cyanex 301 are recently available solvent-extraction reagents, the major components of which are the mono- and dithiosubstituted analogs of bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid, respectively. Sulfur substitution in the phosphinic acid increases the acidity of the extractants, and makes them particularly suited to the extraction of soft Lewis acids. Sulfur-containing dialkylphosphoric-acid extractants previously developed, however, are known to be very susceptible to oxidation and decomposition. To evaluate the extents of reagent decomposition which could reasonably be expected under normal plant operating conditions, this study examines the hydrolytic, chemical and thermal stabilities of Cyanex 302 and Cyanex 301 when subjected to extreme experimental conditions and prolonged periods of exposure to sulfuric and nitric acids. It is observed that concentrated sulfuric acid has no long-term detrimental effect on either of these reagents, but that the strongly oxidizing nature of ...
AFLP-Based Genetic Linkage Maps of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used for genome mapping in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. Seventeen selected primer combinations produced 1106 peaks, of which 384 (34.7%) were polymorphic in a backcross family. Among the polymorphic markers, 349 were segregating through either the female or the male parent. Chi-square analysis indicated that 255 (73.1%) of the markers segregated in a Mendelian ratio, and 94 (26.9%) showed significant (P < 0.05) segregation distortion. Separate genetic linkage maps were constructed for the female and male parents. The female framework map consisted of 119 markers in 11 linkage groups, spanning 1030.7 cM, with an average interval of 9.5 cM per marker. The male map contained 96 markers in 10 linkage groups, covering 758.4 cM, with 8.8 cM per marker. The estimated genome length of the Pacific oyster was 1258 cM for the female and 933 cM for the male, and the observed coverage was 82.0% for the female map and 81.3% for the male map. Most distorted markers were deficient for homozygotes and closely linked to each other on the genetic map, suggesting the presence of major recessive deleterious genes in the Pacific oyster.
Opsoclonus: An Early Sign of Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis:

Preferential involvement of certain central nervous systems areas by specific viruses provides a valuable guide to the selection of antiviral agents. We report a neonate that developed opsoclonus 7 days prior to the diagnosis of herpes simplex type 2 cerebellitis. The course of the opsoclonus paralleled the clinical course and radiologic evolution of the infection. The purpose of this report is to describe opsoclonus as a possible early sign of herpes simplex type 2 central nervous system infection.