cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing an Instrument to Evaluate Psychosocial and Environmental Determinants of Parental Monitoring of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among children and adolescents is a public health concern, as up to 88% consume them on a daily basis. While much research has been done regarding what types of foods parents feed their children and how that is linked to various health outcomes, research determining how parents monitor there childrenâ€™s SSB consumption has not been well studied. Identifying important environmental and psychosocial determinants of parental-monitoring behaviors is a greatly needed area for investigation. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a theory-based instrument related to this parenting practice. Initially, a 41-item instrument was developed and face and content validity were established using a panel of 6 experts. Next, the survey was administered to 270 parents (29 parents completed the survey twice). Psychometric properties tested of the instrument included construct validity, using the maximum likelihood extraction method of factor analysis, internal consistency reliability, using Cronbachâ€™s alpha, and test-retest reliability using Pearson-product moment correlations between instrument results taken at two separate occasions. Initial results suggested some scales required re-specification, which included removing weak and/or non-related items. Results from this study can be used to assist future health professionals and researchers for measuring theory-based determinants of parental practices related to monitoring SSB consumption. This process can also be replicated to construct instruments measuring other critical obesogenic behaviors, such as monitoring fruit and vegetable consumption, or physical activity.
It's Time for Temporal Leadership: Individual, Dyadic, Team, and Organizational Effects

KENT K. ALIPOURThe Pennsylvania State UniversityAlthough we agree with Lord and Dinh’s(2014) emphasis on time as a critical ele-ment in understanding leadership effective-ness, we argue that temporality should beincorporated into the leadership constructitself, in addition to examining effects overtime. Toward the goal of better understand-ing ‘‘howleaders become effective as theyinﬂuence individuals, groups, and orga-nizations’’ (Lord & Dinh, 2014, p. 158),it is important to consider the processby which leaders manage multiple timeframes, synchronize member contributions,and coordinate work so that deadlines aremet. Although nascent, extant work ontemporal leadership shows promise (e.g.,Halbesleben, Novicevic, Harvey, & Buck-ley, 2003; Mohammed & Nadkarni, 2011)but can be signiﬁcantly enriched by apply-ing the leadership principles and generalframework identiﬁed by Lord and Dinh.Therefore,ourresponse(a)extendsthefocalarticle’s discussion of the role of time inleadership to include temporal leadershipand (b) illustrates how the model depictedin ﬁgure 2 of the focal article delineatesa multilevel research agenda for temporalleadership that can stimulate future empir-ical research. As work intersecting time
Estimating O–D travel time matrix by Google Maps API: implementation, advantages, and implications

Many spatial analysis tasks call for the use of travel time between multiple origins and destinations, that is, O–D travel time matrix. Commercial geographical information systems (GIS) software re...
Papillary Serous and Clear Cell Type Lead to Poor Prognosis of Endometrial Carcinoma in Black Women

Abstract Objective: To investigate the significance of race and histologic type as prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 1982 to 1995. Patients' clinical and pathologic characteristics were analyzed. Results: The sample consisted of 401 patients, 59.9% ( N = 229) were blacks and 40.1% ( N = 153) were non-blacks. The mean age was 63.7 ± 11.6 years. The histologic subtypes of endometrial carcinoma included 346 endometrioid (86.3%), 42 papillary serous (10.5%), and 13 clear cell (3.2%) adenocarcinomas. We found 79% of endometrioid adenocarcinomas were stage I or II compared to 26% of papillary serous tumors and 58% of clear cell carcinomas ( P P P Conclusions: Patients with papillary serous and clear cell endometrial cancer were more likely to be black, present at an advanced stage of disease, and have poor survival compared to patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. This may help to explain the poorer survival reported in blacks with endometrial cancer.
Training multiple-layer perceptrons to recognize attractors

Determining the long-term behavior in dynamical systems is an area of intense research interest. In this paper, a multilayer perceptron is used to perform this task. The network is trained using an evolution strategy. A comparison against backpropagation-trained networks was performed, and the results indicate evolution strategies produce better performing networks.
Radiation therapy for inflammatory breast cancer: technical considerations and diverse clinical scenarios

SUMMARY Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is associated with unique skin findings at presentation, diffuse spread and poorer outcomes compared with non-IBC. Standard of care when metastatic disease is not present at diagnosis includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, modified radical mastectomy and postmastectomy radiation. Several retrospective studies have demonstrated reasonable local control using varying aggressive approaches that will be reviewed and technical considerations that will be discussed. In general, the existing contemporary data support an aggressive locoregional approach in IBC. The morbidity of extensive locoregional recurrence in IBC merits aggressive efforts in prevention in high-risk metastatic cases. Our large, single-institutional experience suggests that contralateral disease and extension to second echelon nodal stations may still represent curable disease amenable to aggressive locoregional therapy in some cases. Examining 13 IBC cases where contralateral involved nodal basins were tre...
Evidence for an Epidemic Trimethoprim-Resistance Plasmid in Fecal Isolates of Escherichia coli from Citizens of the United States Studying in Mexico

United States who were taking either trimethoprim alone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for prophylaxis of travelers' diarrhea while in Guadalajara, Mexico. Many of these strains were subsequently demonstrated to cotransfer resistance to trimethoprim along with that to streptomycin and ampicillin. The present study demonstrated that at least 12 (60o7o) of 20 transferable (tra+) trimethoprim-resistance plasmids studied possessed both an identical Hind III restriction pattern and type I dihydrofolate reductase genes. Donor strains were shown to be distinct; this finding suggested that a common tra+ trimethoprim-resistance plasmid was widely disseminated among E. coli strains in Guadalajara. These results may explain in part the surprising degree of resistance encountered in trimethoprim-consuming persons in that region. Trimethoprim acts as a competitive inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), an enzyme required for the biosynthesis of folic acid. This drug, particularly in combination with sulfamethoxazole, has been used extensively for treatment and prophylaxis of urinary tract infections and for prophylaxis in neutropenic patients. Most investigators examining the effect of trimethoprim alone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMPSMZ) on fecal flora have reported a marked decrease in the number of aerobically grown gramnegative bacilli, with little or no development of resistance among usually susceptible enterobacteria [1-4].
Modeling and Analysis of Generalized Slotted-Aloha MAC Protocols in Cooperative, Competitive and Adversarial Environments

Aloha [1] and its slotted variant [2] are commonly deployed Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in environments where multiple transmitting devices compete for a medium, yet may have difficulty sensing each others presence. This paper models and evaluates the throughput that can be achieved in a system where nodes compete for bandwidth using a generalized version of slotted- Aloha protocols. We evaluate the channel utilization and fairness of these types of protocols for a variety of node objectives, including maximizing aggregate throughput of the channel, each node greedily maximizing its own throughput, and attacker nodes that attempt to jam the channel. If all nodes are selfish and greedily attempt to maximize their own throughputs, a situation similar to the traditional Prisoners Dilemma[3] arises. Our results reveal that under heavy loads, greedy strategies reduce the utilization, and that attackers cannot do much better than attacking during randomly selected slots.
Determinants of decline in resting metabolic rate in aging females

We considered the association of several metabolic and lifestyle variables as modulators of the decline in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fat-free weight (FFW) in 183 healthy females (18-81 yr). ...
Sensitive Periods for Visual Calibration of the Auditory Space Map in the Barn Owl Optic Tectum

Previous studies have identified sensitive periods for the developing barn owl during which visual experience has a powerful influence on the calibration of sound localization behavior. Here we investigated neural correlates of these sensitive periods by assessing developmental changes in the capacity of visual experience to alter the map of auditory space in the optic tectum of the barn owl. We used two manipulations. (1) We equipped owls with prismatic spectacles that optically displaced the visual field by 23° to the left or right, and (2) we restored normal vision to prism-reared owls that had been raised wearing prisms. In agreement with previous behavioral experiments, we found that the capacity of abnormal visual experience to shift the tectal auditory space map was restricted to an early sensitive period. However, this period extended until later in life (∼200 d) than described previously in behavioral studies (∼70 d). Furthermore, unlike the previous behavioral studies that found that the capacity to recover normal sound localization after restoration of normal vision was lost at ∼200 d of age, we found that the capacity to recover a normal auditory space map was never lost. Finally, we were able to reconcile the behaviorally and neurophysiologically defined sensitive periods by taking into account differences in the richness of the environment in the two sets of experiments. We repeated the behavioral experiments and found that when owls were housed in a rich environment, the capacity to adjust sound localization away from normal extended to later in life, whereas the capacity to recover to normal was never lost. Conversely, when owls were housed in an impoverished environment, the capacity to recover a normal auditory space map was restricted to a period ending at ∼200 d of age. The results demonstrate that the timing and even the existence of sensitive periods for plasticity of a neural circuit and associated behavior can depend on multiple factors, including (1) the nature of the adjustment demanded of the system and (2) the richness of the sensory and social environment in which the plasticity is studied.
The Effect of Going Public on Innovative Productivity and Exploratory Search

This paper investigates whether and how going public affects firm innovation. I propose that initial public offerings (IPOs) fundamentally reshape core organizational structures and processes, and I consider implications for firms' overall innovative productivity and their exploratory search strategies. Using longitudinal data on U.S. medical device firms funded by venture capital and inverse probability of treatment weights to account for self-selection into IPOs and the presence of time-dependent confounders, I find that a firm's overall innovative productivity increases after the firm goes public. Going public also decreases the proportion of innovation search that explores new and recently developed knowledge and increases the proportion of exploratory search building on scientific knowledge. Estimates represent population average treatment effects.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Biomarkers of response to TNF inhibition in RA.

The quest for new biomarkers of response to therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly to TNF inhibitors, continues. Two recent studies add to this body of literature, finding both established and novel genetic variants that correlate with response to TNF inhibitors in RA.
67 – Generating Functions

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on generating functions applicable to systems of differential equations, where each equation has a similar form. The chapter illustrates the method as it applies to ordinary differential equations. It considers a system of ordinary differential equations for {uk(t)}, all of the form (d/dt)uN = f(uN−m,…, uN,….,uN+m,t) for N = 1, 2,…., ∞ or N = ±1 = ± 2,…, ±∞. The ordinary generating function G(s,t) = ∑uk(t)sk or the exponential generating function H(x, t) = ∑uk(t)(sk/k!) is then introduced. Using G(s,t) = ∑uk(t)sk (or H(x, t) = ∑uk(t)(sk/k!)) and (d/dt)uN = f(uN−m,…, uN,….,uN+m,t), sometimes a partial differential equation for G(s, t) (or H(s, t)) can be found. The chapter also discusses the example of the classic equations relating to service times called the “birth and death” equations.
Sociopolitics in Southeastern Archaeology: The Role of Gender in Scholarly Authorship

We explore the relationship between gender, authorship, and editorship in conference presentations and publications as a lens to examine current disciplinary sociopolitics and the relative contributions of men and women to southeastern archaeological research. We also report on the results of a survey on publishing trends in southeastern archaeology that we circulated to the Southeastern Archaeological Conference (SEAC) membership in March 2014. The evaluation of publishing trends serves as a means to investigate academic merit and visibility, along with the production and validation of knowledge in southeastern archaeology. We document a strong gender imbalance in publication rates across a range of publication venues, including regional journals, state archaeology journals, and edited volumes, despite growing numbers of women presenting research at SEAC meetings. We discuss possible reasons for these gender disparities based on survey response data from members of the SEAC community. Despite a current c...
Salicylate Measurement: Clinical Usefulness and Methodology

Abstract The salicylates are the most commonly used analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. They are available in hundreds of preparations, many of which are over-the-counter medications. The easy access to large quantities of the drug and the widespread perception that the drug is harmless have contributed to salicylate intoxication becoming a serious and common problem, particularly among the pediatric and geriatric populations. Salicylate is still the major drug for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. The use of salicylate in high doses for the management of these patients requires close monitoring of serum salicylate levels because of the large interindividual variation in dose-serum level relationships and the narrowness of the therapeutic range. Thus, both for the management of patients intoxicated with salicylate and patients who are on high-dose salicylate therapy, the measurement of serum salicylate levels is an important clinical laboratory service. Recent research on the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation has led to the prophylactic use of aspirin in low doses as an antithrombotic drug. This new therapeutic use of aspirin can be aided by monitoring low serum levels of salicylate and perhaps aspirin itself. This article reviews the current state of the knowledge of the pharmacokinetics and clinical toxicology of salicylate, the clinical usefulness of salicylate measurement by the clinical laboratory, and recent development in the analytical technology for salicylate analysis.
Optimizing the intraoperative management of carbon dioxide concentration.

AbstractPurpose of reviewThis review assesses whether there is a carbon dioxide concentration range that provides optimum benefit to the patient intraoperatively. It includes the physiological effects of carbon dioxide on various organ systems in awake and anesthetized individuals and its clinical e
Fluorescent antibody and complement-fixation tests of agents isolated in tissue culture from measles patients.

SummaryAgents isolated in monkey kidney tissue cultures from 3 cases of measles were identified by immunologic tests with convalescent-phase measles serum. Measles antigen was detected in infected cells by the indirect fluorescein-labeled antibody technic before specific complement-fixation antigen appeared in the fluid phase. Specific fluorescence due to the presence of measles antigen was noted in the nuclei as well as in the cytoplasm of some cells from infected cultures.
Toxicity of Selected Insecticides to the Restless Bush Cricket, a Minor Pest of Citrus in Florida

While orthopterans are considered minor pests in most textbooks and references on citrus entomnology, they can Occasionally produce economically important levels of defoliation and peel injury in citrus crops. Griffiths and Thompson (1952) reported that in Florida severe damage has seldom extended over a wide area, but in local situations control measures have been necessary to prevent the partial or complete defoliation of citrus groves. Giriffiths and Thompson (1947) related one instance where grasshoppers accounted for 75% tree defoliation in a 10-year-old grove. In addition to causing defoliation, grasshoppers occasionally feed on fruit peel, producing injury similar to that caused by katydids and, according to Griffiths (1952), by the “restless bush Cricket,” Hapithus agitator Uhler. Hume (1957) cited katydid injury reportedly involving as much as 57% of a crop. Griffiths (1952) blamed the restless bush cricket for injury to 30–40% of a crop. The latter revelation is the sole published account, to my knowledge, that associates the restless bush cricket with economic injury to citrus. The creature may have been overlooked in the past because it and the katydid share parallel life cycles, similar foliar feeding habits, and a fondness for peel of pea-sized fruit.
What to Do (and Not Do) with Multicollinearity in State Politics Research

State politics scholars often confront data situations where the explanatory variables in a model are highly related to each other. Such multicollinearity (“MC”) makes it difficult to identify the independent effect that each of these variables has on the outcome of interest. In an effort to circumvent MC, researchers sometimes drop collinear variables from the regression model. Using simulated data, we demonstrate the implications that MC has for statistical estimation and the potential for introducing bias that the omitting-variables approach generates. We also discuss MC in the context of multiplicative interaction models, using research on the influence of the initiative on policy responsiveness as an applied example. We conclude with advice for researchers faced with MC in their datasets.
Effects of continuous annealing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 980 MPa cold-rolled dual-phase steel

The continuous annealing simulator was used to investigate the influences of heating rate,intercritical annealing temperature and over-aging temperature during continuous annealing process on microstructure and mechanical properties of DP980.The research results show that to increase heating rate can refine martensite grain and is benefit to remove banded structure,and better strength and plasticity can be obtained when heating rate is45 ℃/s.The intercritical annealing temperature determines the volume fraction,distribution and morphology of second phase.Strength or plasticity would be poor when annealing temperature is too low or too high,and heating and soaking at about 800 ℃ can get better comprehensive mechanical properties.With over-aging temperature decreasing,strength increases,elongation decreases and work hardening coefficient increases significantly.
Nutrition Status of the Rural Residents' Diet in Wuxi City during 2000—2007

[Objective]To understand the dietary pattern and nutritional status among the rural residents in Wuxi City during 2000—2004 and provide evidence for the work of nutrition education and nutrition improvement.[Methods] The food consumption data of the rural residents and the demographical data provided by Wuxi Statistical Bureau during 2000—2004 was used to analyze the food consumption status,nutrient intake and nutrient source.[Results] The intake of grains and animal food was reasonable,but that of vegetables,fruits,milk and beans was relatively low;the intake of retinol,thiamin,lactoflavin,ascorbic acid and calcium was relatively low compared with the RNIs or AIs.[Conclusion] The diet of the rural residents in Wuxi is imbalanced;the intake of trace elements is insufficient;health education should be enhanced in the nutrition intervention and diet guidance;the diet habit should be improved in order to improve the health level and life quality of the rural residents.
Abdominal masses in children.

The authors examine the effects of ultrasound on the diagnosis and treatment of abdominal masses in children. Some of the newer imaging modalities may also be required on a selective basis. All in all, these modalities have led to a completely hew approach to abdominal masses in children.
Will to Power and Ascetic Ideal

1. Among the many targets Nietzsche aimed at in On the Genealogy of Morals, one is the focus of an entire essay: the ‘ascetic ideal’. Through this expression, Nietzsche encapsulated several of the themes that preoc- cupied him in earlier works and continued to do so in later ones, even if the expression itself disappeared from his vocabulary.1 These themes include his criticisms of the dominating epistemology of his time and his charges against the Christian ethic and its derivatives. Nietzsche analysed them as the two faces of the same historical and logical coin, distant but toxic legacies of Platonism. He saw these belief Systems as being based on other-worldly and inhuman absolutes, resulting in a devaluation of earthly life, a demeaning of the body and a debasement of culture and civilisation by way of a domination of the elites by the masses. The ascetic ideal was for Nietzsche leading Western civilisation towards nihilism — that is, the collapse and rejection of all values and especially of the ancient heroic ones.
Applications of Microwave Power in Japan

AbstractThe industrial use of microwave power in Japan is described and some examples of co-operative development programs with users which have proved successful are given, one being a roasting method for nuts and another, the boiling of silkworm cocoons. The former application has led to an entirely new nut product and the latter has resulted in an incomparably low product refection rate.
Controlled Study of Atomoxetine in ADHD

Researchers at the Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, and other centers in the US conducted an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atomoxetine for treatment of ADHD in 101 children 5- and 6-years of age and older.
A diagnosis procedure in standstill mode for inter turn short circuit faults of PMSMs through modified self-commissioning

In this paper, an comprehensive impedance analysis is proposed to detect inter turn short circuit fault in PMSMs at start-up. This method requires a very small computational load (less than 5% CPU bandwidth) and is easy to implement. The procedure is performed at start-up during standstill mode, and hence agnostic to well-known issues caused by transients, load/speed level or controller coefficient dependency. In order to distinguish the inter turn shorts from the eccentricity fault which exhibits similar behaviors, a classification algorithm is introduced based on stator resistor and inductances. Moreover, the effect of stator iron core saturation on the electric parameters analyzed in depth. Both 2-D FEA simulation and experimental test results are provided to show the efficacy of this method.
Are stereotypes accurate? A perspective from the cognitive science of concepts.

In his 2012 book, Jussim suggests that people's beliefs about various groups (i.e., their stereotypes) are largely accurate. We unpack this claim using the distinction between generic and statistical beliefs - a distinction supported by extensive evidence in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and philosophy. Regardless of whether one understands stereotypes as generic or statistical beliefs about groups, skepticism remains about the rationality of social judgments.
Costs, returns and profitability of sapota in Thane district.

The present study was conducted during 2013-14 in Thane district of Maharashtra. The cultivation of sapota of Dahanu and Palghar tahsils is concentrated near and away from the sea shore. Therefore, a cross sectional sample of 120 sapota growers was randomly selected and stratified in to two categories i.e. near the sea shore (Group I) and away from sea shore (Group II). The data were collected by personal interview method with the help of pretested schedule. The result revealed, at overall level per hectare total cost of maintenance (cost-C) of sapota orchard was worked out to Rs. 120138. The per hectare total cost of maintenance (cost C) of sapota orchard in group I was worked out to Rs. 125336 and Rs. 114452 in group II. The per hectare gross returns received at overall level of sapota orchard was Rs. 180572 and profit at different cost levels such as cost A, cost B and cost C were Rs. 127408, Rs. 69350 and Rs. 60434, respectively. The per hectare gross return was Rs.201260 in group I and Rs.155901 in group II observed. It was observed that, at overall level net profit received at different cost levels such as cost A, cost B and cost C were Rs.145338, Rs.84644 and Rs.75924, respectively. Input-output ratio was 1.50 at overall level.
Banned and Approved Substances

Physicians who participate in the treatment of competitive athletes must have a clear understanding of the anti-doping regulations that exist. The consequences for violating these regulations can be severe for athletes. In addition, medical practitioners should be aware that they can be found guilty of anti-doping violations as well. These include prescribing, trafficking, or otherwise assisting athletes in taking banned substances. There are governing bodies such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), International Olympic Committee (IOC), and sport specific governing bodies that create regulations regarding suspensions, and exemptions of athletes that use banned substances. When in doubt, check with the appropriate governing body to get a full list of banned and approved substances. These regulations are constantly evolving as does new technology and methods of doping. Medical practitioners and athletes should both be aware of these constant changes. For instance, caffeine was removed from the prohibited list in 2004 as was dermatological glucocorticosteroid preparations in 2005. Following is a sample list of prohibited substances adopted from WADA guidelines. It is always good practice to review doping and testing protocols with athletes prior to each competition. In some cases certain banned substance may be permitted when a medical need arises, and a therapeutic exemption is given. One common example of this is seen in athletes who are asthmatic. Beta agonists, such as albuterol, are banned in nonasthmatic athletes due to the stimulant effect that they may give once administered. With a therapeutic exemption asthmatic athletes are permitted to use this medication. When obtaining a therapeutic exemption it is recommended that the athlete, medical team, and/or coach keeps multiple copies and always retains receipt of approval from the sports-governing body. It is not unusual that the athlete is asked to provide the appropriate proof before, during, and after competition.
The fix-point method for discrete events simulation using SQL and UDF

In this work we focus on leveraging SQL's expressive power and query engine's data processing capability for large scale discrete event simulation. The challenge of using SQL query for discrete event simulation is that the simulation involves concurrent operations where the past events, the future events and the pending events (not fully instantiated yet) must be taken into account; but a SQL query is a set-wise operation that only cares of the current state. Specifically when the pending events are recursively generated as a result of processing primary events, there is no way to "insert" them back to the chronological sequence of input data, or to introduce a "clock" to the query processing. Due to these difficulties, there is no effort on using SQL query for discrete event simulation has been reported yet. We propose a mechanism for discrete event simulation, where a chronological sequence of input records, which bear pending events, are processed by a SQL query recursively until reaching the fixpoint with all the pending events instantiated. This approach is characterized by leveraging the pipelined query processing to serialize concurrent events as well as to scope event chaining, and in this way to generate concurrent events incrementally and efficiently. Our experience reveals its flexibility and scalability.
Condensed-matter physics. Misbehaviour in metals

Electrical resistivity is a basic property of materials that can tell us a lot about the behaviour of electrons. A model of resistivity in superconducting 'buckyballs' sheds new light on the unusual electrical resistivity of these complex metals.
Beyond Beck's Triad: A Rare Cause of Cardiac Tamponade and Hemoptysis

Background: Primary cardiac angiosarcoma (CAS) is a rare tumor with a dismal prognosis. Many patients present with noncardiac symptoms related to metastatic disease that could delay the diagnosis and deteriorate the outcome. Case Report: A 36-year-old male presented with hemoptysis. Initial imaging and biopsies were inconclusive, but a repeat transthoracic echocardiogram to evaluate the patient9s pericardial effusion showed a mass inferior to the right atrium and invading the wall. Biopsy results from 3 different sites confirmed the diagnosis of CAS. However, the patient9s course was complicated with respiratory failure that ultimately led to his death. Autopsy demonstrated CAS involving the full thickness of the right atrium and pericardial tissue, with a diffuse metastatic process involving the lung, brain, and stomach. Conclusion: The case highlights the importance of having an increased level of suspicion for cardiac malignancy among young patients presenting with noncardiac symptoms.
Context and Input Evaluations of Physical Fitness Training Programs in Maritime Schools

Seafaring, as an occupation, poses a lot of threat when it comes to health, and studies have recognized that it is riskier compared with land-based jobs as incidence rates of mortality and morbidity are higher. Nevertheless, pursuing a maritime career is popular in the Philippines. Presently, a sedentary lifestyle or decrease in physical activity among students poses a risk to cardiovascular diseases and other related illnesses. This research evaluated the existing physical fitness programs of maritime schools in the Philippines using the CIPP model as the evaluation framework. Context and input evaluations were conducted through written interviews which were coded according to themes. Context evaluation suggests health as the core value. It also revealed that the responding maritime schools do not have a formal, organized and sustained physical fitness program, resulting in unawareness of its vision and mission. Input evaluation highlighted the needed resources for the program's implementation.
Unleashing the Synthetic Power of Plant Oxygenases: From Mechanism to Application.

The functions and biochemical mechanisms of major classes of plant oxygenases are discussed, and their potential utility for plant synthetic biology is explored.
The Influence of a Developmental Disability on the Child's Weight-Related Behaviors: A Parent's Perspective.

Abstract Purpose To examine the parent's perspective on how the child's diagnosis of a developmental disability, the weight-management support of the healthcare provider and parental self-care and role modeling influenced the child's weight-related behavior, (i.e. nutrition, physical and sedentary activity). Design and methods This qualitative study, guided by Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System's Theory, used a one-on-one semi-structured telephone interview conducted with 15 parents of children 5–16 years of age with spina bifida or Down syndrome. Interviews were professionally transcribed and thematically analyzed. In addition, parents reported height and weight for themselves and their child. Results Three overarching themes within the context of how the child's diagnosis influenced the child's weight-related behaviors emerged: 1) Developmental Characteristics or Condition-Related Factors captured qualities of the child's condition and interactions with the healthcare system; 2) Social Consequences encompassed the influence of the diagnosis on relationships of the child and family members; and 3) Parenting Influences and Practices captured three types of responses including parent perceptions of the diagnosis, parenting behaviors, and parental self-care behaviors, each influencing the child's weight-related behaviors. Conclusions Parents illuminated the social and medical challenges that the family encountered due to the child's diagnosis. These challenges directly and indirectly influenced the child's physical and sedentary activity and nutritional intake. Although challenges were present, the strength and determined attitudes of the families became apparent. Practice implications The promotion of self-care and examination and validation of the emotional aspects of parenting a child with a disability may positively influence the child's weight-related behaviors.
EXTENSIONS AS POSSIBLE WORLDS

This chapter presents a model-theoretic, path-based semantics for inheritance. Ambiguous inheritance hierarchies have multiple credulous extensions corresponding to their various possible disambiguations. Each of these extensions represents an unambiguous possible world-state and has a straightforward model-theoretic interpretation. Specificity can be seen as a preference over these multiple extensions; it is a path-based criterion for resolving certain types of inheritance ambiguity.
Impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on muscle metabolism of growing pigs1.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus is one of the most economically significant pig pathogens worldwide. However, the metabolic explanation for reductions in tissue accretion observed in growing pigs remains poorly defined. Additionally, PRRS virus challenge is often accompanied by reduced feed intake, making it difficult to discern which effects are virus vs. feed intake driven. To account for this, a pair-fed model was employed to examine the effects of PRRS challenge and nutrient restriction on skeletal muscle and liver metabolism. Forty-eight pigs were randomly selected (13.1 ± 1.97 kg BW) and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments (n = 16 pigs/treatment): 1) PRRS naive, ad libitum fed (Ad), 2) PRRS-inoculated, ad libitum fed (PRRS+), and 3) PRRS naive, pair-fed to the PRRS-inoculated pigs' daily feed intake (PF). At days postinoculation (dpi) 10 and 17, 8 pigs per treatment were euthanized and tissues collected. Tissues were assayed for markers of proteolysis (LM only), protein synthesis (LM only), oxidative stress (LM only), gluconeogenesis (liver), and glycogen concentrations (LM and liver). Growth performance, feed intake, and feed efficiency were all reduced in both PRRS+ and PF pigs compared with Ad pigs (P 0.10) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs, although activity of m-calpain was increased in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs (P = 0.025) at dpi 17. Muscle reactive oxygen species production was not increased (P > 0.10) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad pigs. However, phosphorylation of protein synthesis markers was decreased in PRRS+ pigs compared with both Ad (P < 0.05) and PF (P < 0.05) pigs. Liver gluconeogenesis was not increased as a result of PRRS; however, liver glycogen was decreased (P < 0.01) in PRRS+ pigs compared with Ad and PF pigs at both time points. Taken together, this work demonstrates the differential impact a viral challenge and nutrient restriction have on metabolism of growing pigs. Although markers of skeletal muscle proteolysis showed limited evidence of increase, markers of skeletal muscle synthesis were reduced during PRRS viral challenge. Furthermore, liver glycogenolysis seems to provide PRRS+ pigs with glucose needed to fuel the immune response during viral challenge.
Microstructural modification of additively manufactured metals by electropulsing

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) promises rapid development cycles and fabrication of ready-to-use, geometrically-complex parts. The metallic parts produced by AM often contain highly non-equilibrium microstructures, e.g. chemical microsegregation and residual dislocation networks. While such microstructures can enhance some material properties, they are often undesirable. Many AM parts are thus heat-treated after fabrication, a process that significantly slows production. This study investigated if electropulsing, the process of sending high-current-density electrical pulses through a metallic part, could be used to modify the microstructures of AM 316 L stainless steel (SS) and AlSi10Mg parts fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) more rapidly than thermal annealing. Electropulsing has shown promise as a rapid postprocessing method for materials fabricated using conventional methods, e.g. casting and rolling, but has never been applied to AM materials. For both the materials used in this study, as-fabricated SLM parts contained significant chemical heterogeneity, either chemical microsegregation (316 L SS) or a cellular interdendritic phase (AlSi10Mg). In both cases, annealing times on the order of hours at high homologous temperatures are necessary for homogenization. Using electropulsing, chemical microsegregation was eliminated in 316 L SS samples after 10, 16 ms electrical pulses. In AlSi10Mg parts, electropulsing produced spheroidized Si-rich particles after as few as 15, 16 ms electrical pulses with a corresponding increase in ductility. This study demonstrated that electropulsing can be used to modify the microstructures of AM metals.
Association of SNPs in CDKN2A (P14ARF) Tumour Suppressor Gene With Endometrial Cancer in Postmenopausal Women.

BACKGROUND/AIM This research was aimed to evaluate the association between three selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CDKN2A (P14ARF) tumour suppressor gene and the incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) in postmenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 194 postmenopausal women; 144 with EC and 50 non-cancer controls. Genotypes in P14ARF rs3088440, rs3731217 and rs3731245 polymorphisms were assayed using PCR-RFLP and confirmed by sequencing. RESULTS Regarding the rs3088440 polymorphism, CT, and CT-TT genotypes, were more prevalent among EC patients than in controls (OR=5.55, p=0.023, OR=5.29, p=0.027; and OR=2.92, p=0.023, respectively). The T allele within rs3088440 was more prevalent in EC females than in controls (χ2=4.7, p=0.030). Considering rs3731217, TG and TG-GG genotypes were less prevalent among EC (OR=0.34, p=0.024 or p=0.023; and OR=0.38, p=0.035, respectively). CONCLUSION Polymorphisms in the CDKN2A gene are associated with EC in postmenopausal women.
Clarifying Forfeiture Theory in Response to Dempsey and Lang

This paper clarifies and defends my account of the rights forfeiture theory of punishment in response to analyses by Michelle Madden Dempsey and Gerald Lang.
Maternal Expertise, Vaccination Recommendations, and the Complexity of Argument Spheres

Recent controversies over vaccination highlight the complex relationship between personal, technical, and public spheres of argument as evidentiary criteria used to evaluate claims in one sphere are applied to claims in another sphere. In this essay, I turn to two cases to make apparent the problems that arise when scientific research is conflated with evidence based on intuition. First, I consider the case of the corporate colonization of the personal sphere. In this example, Merck, the pharmaceutical company that manufactures Gardasil, a vaccine to prevent human papillovirus (HPV), persuades its audience of the need for vaccination, not with tested scientific evidence, but through personal sphere appeals. Second, I turn to the MMR-autism controversy to evaluate what happens when standards from the personal sphere are applied to epistemic issues falling into the technical sphere and are then applied to questions of public policy. Together these cases illustrate ways in which the encroachment of one spher...
Quantification of Pulsatility During Mechanical Circulatory Support

In order to meaningfully compare different perfusion modes (pulsatile vs. non-pulsatile flow) or different types of pulsatile flow (diminished or physiological pulsatility) during mechanical circulatory support (MCS), a precise quantification of pressure and flow waveforms is necessary. To date, pulse pressure is commonly used in the literature as a measurement of pressure waveforms. However, pulse pressure is inadequate as the generation of pulsatile flow highly depends on the energy gradient, rather than the pressure gradient alone. Therefore, hemodynamic energy terms, including energy equivalent pressure (EEP), surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE), and total hemodynamic energy (THE), should be included in order to accurately compare different perfusion modes or different types of pulsatility. This chapter covers several mathematical formulas to quantify pulsatile and non-pulsatile waveforms during acute and chronic MCS.
Biology of Wood Deteriogens

Elements of evolution, taxonomy, morphology and physiology of wood deteriogens are discussed in this chapter, aiming to enlighten readers on their biology and enable the understanding of wood decay mechanisms.
Optimal Phasing and Inventory Decisions for Large-Scale Residential Development Projects

Land developers in select economic environments have been found to build in large increments and hold substantial amounts of inventory despite their ability to mitigate risk by phasing the production of residential lots. Such behavior was observed in numerous metropolitan areas throughout the southeastern and southwestern United States in the years leading up to financial crises, resulting in inventories of tens of thousands of lots in cities such as Atlanta, Las Vegas and Orlando, just to name a few. The model presented in this paper explores the rationale behind the choices made by developers in these markets and others by extending the real options framework to concurrently estimate optimal phasing and inventory decisions for large-scale residential development projects. Modeled interactions between several variables indicate that full development, smooth phased development and lumpy development can all be optimal under different market conditions, with each pattern feeding back into inventory levels and lot pricing.
Personality Trait Analysis in Psychoactive Drug Abusers

As the amount of data increases in the age of data analytics, it becomes the responsibility of data scientists and analysts to find a way to understand the mass influxes of data and to be able to streamline insights and solutions to modern day problems. This paper aims to shed light on the importance of understanding and addressing the problem of drug addiction and how we can come to understand the factors that influence these types of behaviors. In this analysis, six classification models were built in Python to classify psychoactive drug abuse with demographics and personality scores. K-Nearest Neighbors, Category Boosting, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and a Keras Dense Neural Network were run and compared in the classification of eighteen different psychoactive drugs. Feature importance was then graphed and visualized to specifically describe characteristics of amyl nitrite, crack cocaine, ecstasy, heroin, ketamine, legal high, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), methamphetamine, and volatile substance users. Social environments can be an influential factor in drug abuse and addiction, but this analysis can show that certain aspects of personality can also play a role.
Give me sanctuary! The impact of personal freedom afforded by sanctuary cities on the 2010 undocumented immigrant settlement pattern within the U.S., 2SLS estimates

This study has endeavored to identify key factors that influenced the settlement pattern of undocumented immigrants among the 50 U.S. states as of the year 2010. The principal focus of the study is the potential impact of Sanctuary cities on the settlement pattern of undocumented immigrants, although both economic and environmental (weather) conditions are included in the analysis as well. The model is estimated by 2SLS both in linear form and semi-log form. Both estimation results imply that the state-level settlement pattern of undocumented immigrants was an increasing function of per capita personal income while being a decreasing function of the cost of living, colder climate, and greater humidity. More relevantly, the state-level settlement pattern of these immigrants was found to be an increasing function of the number of Sanctuary cities in each state. Among other things, then, the results in this study imply that the well-being of the undocumented immigrant population residing in the U.S. was positively affected by a greater number of Sanctuary cities and the accompanying personal freedom afforded by non-reporting of suspected undocumented immigrants to federal authorities.
Crack Length Determination by Ultrasonic Methods

Accurate calculation of the stress intensity factor on a given component under load relies on an accurate size determination of the flaws present in the component. The challenge to the NDE community has been development of reliable techniques to provide that accurate size determination. Many research groups have investigated this problem using ultrasonic methods with summaries of their techniques and results provided by various authors [1–3]. In general, the techniques developed fall into three general categories; (1) determination of crack length from signal amplitude measurements, (2) determination of crack length from time-of-flight measurements, and (3) determination of crack length using diffracted waves. Sketches of representative techniques in each category are shown in Figure 1.