cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-mode fiber dispersion measurements using optical sampling with a mode-locked laser diode

Pulses from a wavelength-tunable, mode-locked laser diode were measured after 21 km of single-mode fiber propagation by optical sampling with another mode-locked laser diode; a resolution of 0.1 psec/(nm km) is achieved in this chromatic dispersion measurement. In another related experiment, 78-psec-duration pulses from an ordinary, multilongitudinal-mode laser diode are clearly displayed by optical sampling after 36 km of fiber propagation. System bandwidth increases to approximately 500 GHz km as the laser-diode wavelength is temperature tuned through the zero-dispersion region.
Is Ada an object oriented programming language

This article presents an argument and a counter-argument on Ada being an object oriented programming language, in the style of a famous classic author. This work was done as part of the final examination for an advanced Programming Language Design course taught by Professor Larry Rowe at UC Berkeley in Fall 1986.
Focusing on the Thinking, Not the Tools: Incorporating Critical Thinking Into an Information Literacy Module for an Introduction to Business Course

Two librarians at the University of Louisville explain how a university-wide Quality Enhancement Plan focused on critical thinking led to positive changes in information literacy instruction at their institution. A revised information literacy module for an introductory business course serves as an example of a new instructional approach that emphasizes critical thinking about information, rather than library tools such as catalogs and databases.
Cost-effective compliance with life safety codes

ALARM is personal computer software that helps building managers and fire safety engineers achieve cost-effective compliance with the widely used NFPA 101,Life Safety Code ®. The software currently supports health-care occupancy analysis. Through the equivalency provision of the code,ALARM implements a goal-oriented, or performance-based, approach to code compliance. The software generates a set of alternative code compliance strategies and their estimated construction costs. Engineering judgment is then applied to select the most appropriate code compliance strategy based on both cost and design considerations. The software offers a code-compliance optimizer, a comprehensive file manager, and a full-screen data editor. Since 1981, the optimization method used inALARM has been field-tested in 89 hospitals (17,898 beds). For this sample, the least-cost solution identified by the software was, on average, 41 percent less expensive than the prescriptive solution. This represents a potential cost savings of $2,116 per bed or more than $37 million. Future versions ofALARM could address other building occupancies.
Islet Regeneration During the Reversal of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice

Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice are a model for type 1 diabetes in humans. Treatment of NOD mice with end-stage disease by injection of donor splenocytes and complete Freund's adjuvant eliminates autoimmunity and permanently restores normoglycemia. The return of endogenous insulin secretion is accompanied by the reappearance of pancreatic β cells. We now show that live donor male or labeled splenocytes administered to diabetic NOD females contain cells that rapidly differentiate into islet and ductal epithelial cells within the pancreas. Treatment with irradiated splenocytes is also followed by islet regeneration, but at a slower rate. The islets generated in both instances are persistent, functional, and apparent in all NOD hosts with permanent disease reversal.
Contribution of the phosphagen system to postmortem muscle metabolism in AMP-activated protein kinase γ3 R200Q pig Longissimus muscle

Pigs with the AMP-activated protein kinase γ3 R200Q (AMPKγ3R200Q) mutation generate pork with low ultimate pH (pHu). We hypothesized that reducing muscle creatine (Cr) and phosphocreatine (PCr) may accelerate postmortem ATP consumption and prevent extended pH decline in AMPKγ3R200Q longissimus muscle. Wild type and AMPKγ3R200Q pigs were assigned to control diet or diet supplemented with the creatine analog β-guanidinopropionic acid (β-GPA, 1%) for 2 wk. β-GPA reduced muscle PCr (P = 0.006) and total Cr (P < 0.0001). In general, AMPKγ3R200Q + β-GPA exhibited more rapid metabolism than control, AMPKγ3R200Q, and β-GPA treatment, evidenced by more rapid loss of ATP, more rapid increase in IMP, and decreased pH during the first 90 min postmortem. Overall, pHu was similar despite elevated glycogen (AMPKγ3R200Q), reduced total Cr (β-GPA) or both (AMPKγ3R200Q + β-GPA). Thus, reducing muscle phosphagens did not affect pHu in AMPKγ3R200Q muscle, but it hastened ATP depletion and pH decline.
Public Administration as an Interdisciplinary Field: Assessing Its Relationship with the Fields of Law, Management, and Political Science

Public administration is an interdisciplinary field, building on a variety of disciplinary approaches and values. But how well does the field of public administration reflect those values and processes? In contrast to previous arguments regarding the degree to which the field does or should incorporate values and lessons from other academic disciplines, this study provides a systematic assessment of the field’s reliance on research and theory from the fields of law, management, and political science. An analysis of journal citations across these fields suggests that research in public administration is largely isolated from the three disciplines that are commonly believed to form its foundation.
Bernoulli trials and the weight of evidence in favour of a null hypothesis

SUMMARY Suppose we want to test the null hypothesis that a parameter 0 is equal to a predetermined constant against the vague alternative that 0 is not equal to the null value. It is shown that for a certain family of distributions the last observation is uninformative if under the alternative hypothesis the posterior mean of 0 obtained from the previous observations is equal to the null value. A special case is in Bernoulli sampling. The Bayes factor is defined as the ratio of posterior odds to prior odds in favour of a null hypothesis Ho. Let p(D IO) be the probability density or mass function of the data vector D conditionally on 0. Suppose p(D I 0) depends continuously on the unknown parameter 0. Let Ho and H, be a partition of the parameter space of 0. The Bayes factor (Good, 1965, p. 31) for testing Ho: 0 E Ho against H1: O E H1 is F(Ho: H1, D) = p(D I Ho)/p(D I HI), where p(DIJ)=Jp(D I) dP(OIJ) for J= Ho, Hl.
SUMMARY OF THE ACRE INAUGURAL MEETING

The charter meeting of the Association of Clinical Researchers and Educators (ACRE) provided a powerful set of arguments against assertions that physician-industry collaboration is harmful and represents a "conflict of interest." Such collaboration has, in fact, improved medical care for patients, a case made overwhelmingly by patients and patient advocacy groups at the meeting. The contentions that physician-industry collaboration is problematic are not based on evidence. They depend on unjustified generalization from inevitable, sometimes egregious, but vanishingly uncommon adverse outcomes of industry-physician interaction without reference to how so much more commonly these interactions add value. Furthermore, the claim that physician-industry collaboration is unprofessional is refuted by rational scrutiny. Indeed, the term "conflict of interest" itself is vague, inviting subjectivity and deserving to be rejected. The unwarranted success of conflict of interest regulation has prevailed because of the failure of physicians, educators, and innovators, through apathy and intimidation, to pay attention to its fallacies and resist its dangers. It has arisen from activist ambitions and from misalignment between the purposes of medical practitioners, educators, and innovators and those of administrators in medical journals and in academic medical centers. The media and politicians have not appreciated these misalignments and have accepted conflict of interest arguments at face value. Regulation emanating from conflict of interest criticism is confusing, onerous, expensive, disrespectful, and damaging. Prohibitions against speaking about medical products inhibit physician and patient education concerning rapidly emerging and complex therapies. Input by physicians cognizant of compliance requirements into such presentations should be encouraged. Restrictions to the free flow of corporate support of academic health centers, professional societies, and patient organizations threaten to delay medical innovation and education.
The puzzle of the unmarked clock and the new rational reflection principle

The “puzzle of the unmarked clock” derives from a conflict between the following: (1) a plausible principle of epistemic modesty, and (2) “Rational Reflection”, a principle saying how one’s beliefs about what it is rational to believe constrain the rest of one’s beliefs. An independently motivated improvement to Rational Reflection preserves its spirit while resolving the conflict.
Minority carrier injection limited current in Re/4H-SiC Schottky diodes

Current-voltage-temperature, capacitance-voltage, and Fourier transform-deep level transient spectroscopy (FT-DLTS) measurements have been employed to gain insights into the conduction mechanism in Re/4H n-silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes. A power law dependence of current on voltage has been observed in the Re/4H-SiC Schottky diodes at large forward bias. DLTS studies of the diodes reveal the presence of a deep trap at an energy E c - E t = 0.6 eV. The electron trap center is tentatively associated with the prominent Z 1 defect level, and the obtained trap density and capture cross-section values correlate well with available literature values. Excess capacitance has been observed under forward bias suggesting that minority carrier injection is the mechanism responsible for the observed characteristics.
The symmetrization of matrices by diagonal matrices

In multigroup transport theory the nonnegative n x n matrix C = (c/sub ij/) is encountered, in which the c/sub ij/ are transfer coefficients. The weighted probability that a particle in group j will transfer into group i is given by c/sub ij/. Considering the condition on C that there exists a positive diagonal matrix (D) such that DCD/sup -1/ is a nonnegative symmetric matrix,'' the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of D are found. (T.F.H.)
Exact computer solution of segmented thermoelectric devices

Abstract An exact solution for the performance of a segmented thermoelectric generator has been coded for a high-speed digital computer for the case where the parameters of the materials used in the device have arbitrary temperature dependence. For the single material case, the approximation of using the average properties of the materials gives results within 1 per cent of the exact calculation for the case of n- and p -type PbTe. For an artificial material having the same properties as PbTe except that the thermal conductivity is ten times smaller, the agreement is about 10 per cent. Two approximations have been used in the segmented case. The first assumes that the material parameters are temperature-independent in each separate segment but takes into consideration the energy balance conditions at the boundaries. The second assumes that the segments forming the leg can be represented by a single material whose parameters are the average of the parameters of all the segments in the leg. The first approximation gives results which are in satisfactory agreement with the exact calculation, but the second approximation sometimes gives results in serious disagreement with the exact calculation.
High energy elastic electron scattering from 24Mg, 28Si and S☆

Abstract High momentum transfer elastic electron scattering data (q = 0.8 – 3.7 fm−1) from 24Mg, 28Si and S are presented and analysed with phenomenological charge distributions ϱ(r); and oscillation in ϱ(r) due to shell-model structure is obtained. An analysis in terms of a Woods-Saxon potential is described and the 2s-1d occupation numbers are deduced.
Neoliberalism and International Financial Instability

Abstract This paper attempts to expand upon a Minskian model of domestic financial crises to take account of the following international developments, capital inflows that increase financial fragility, foreign financing of deregulated domestic speculative markets, overcapacity in export markets, capital outflows leading to collapsing currencies, restrictive macroeconomic policy oriented toward boosting international investor confidence, and International Monetary Fund bailout packages in the wake of financial crises. The paper concludes that the institutional changes in the international financial system responsible for the developments listed above came about as a result of the policies and strategies of neoliberalism.
Mixed waste ferrite as a novel sorbent for carbon dioxide derived from flue gases

Ferrite is a potential sorbent for flue gases such as CO2, H2S and SO2. This paper discusses the adsorption and decomposition of CO2 into carbon by hydrogen-activated waste ferrites prepared from Berkeley Pit acid mine water (Butte, MT). The decomposition effectiveness of these waste ferrites was studied at 300 °C and compared with the synthetic magnetite obtained from ferrous sulfate solution in our laboratory. The decomposition was measured by two methods: indirectly by measuring the adsorption rate of CO2 and directly by analysing the carbon deposited on the samples. The results indicated that the mixed waste ferrite had good affinity for the adsorption and decomposition. The CO2 decomposition data of both sorbents fitted the first-order reaction kinetics. Even though the surface area of the magnetite was higher than that of waste ferrite, the CO2 decomposition rate of the waste ferrite was estimated to be 2.5 times higher than that of magnetite under identical conditions. The carbon analysis deposited on the sample indicated that the CO2 was 100% decomposed into carbon and other carbon/hydrogen compounds by the waste ferrite, whereas the conversion was 43% by the magnetite. In terms of specific adsorption of carbon, ferrite was three to five times more efficient than magnetite.
High resolution crystal structure of a key editosome enzyme from Trypanosoma brucei: RNA editing ligase 1.

Trypanosomatids are causative agents of several devastating tropical diseases such as African sleeping sickness, Chagas’ disease and leishmaniasis. There are no effective vaccines available to date for treatment of these protozoan diseases, while current drugs have limited efficacy, significant toxicity and suffer from increasing resistance. Trypanosomatids have several remarkable and unique metabolic and structural features that are of great interest for developing new anti-protozoan therapeutics. One such feature is “RNA editing”, an essential process in these pathogenic protozoa. Transcripts for key trypanosomatid mitochondrial proteins undergo extensive post-transcriptional RNA editing by specifically inserting or deleting uridylates from premature mRNA in order to create mature mRNAs that encode functional proteins. The RNA editing process is carried out in aw1.6 MDa multi-protein complex, the editosome. In Trypanosoma brucei, one of the editosome’s core enzymes, the RNA editing ligase 1 (TbREL1), has been shown to be essential for survival of both insect and bloodstream forms of the parasite. We report here the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of TbREL1 at 1.2 A u resolution, in complex with ATP and magnesium. The magnesium ion interacts with the b and g-phosphate groups and is almost perfectly octahedrally coordinated by six phosphate and water oxygen atoms. ATP makes extensive direct and indirect interactions with the ligase via essentially all its atoms while extending its base into a deep pocket. In addition, the ATP makes numerous interactions with residues that are conserved in the editing ligases only. Further away from the active site, TbREL1 contains a unique loop containing several hydrophobic residues that are highly conserved among trypanosomatid RNA editing ligases which may play a role in protein– protein interactions in the editosome. The distinct characteristics of the adenine-binding pocket, and the absence of any close homolog in the human genome, bode well for the design of selective inhibitors that will block the essential RNA ligase function in a number of major protozoan pathogens. q 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
On the motion of bubbles in capillary tubes

The average thickness of the wetting film left behind during the slow passage of an air bubble in a water-filled capillary tube of circular cross-section has been determined experimentally as a function of bubble speed and bubble length. For bubbles of length many times the tube radius, the ratio of film thickness to tube radius is found to be a function of the capillary number only, in agreement with previous experimental studies. As has been found previously, the asymptotic result of Bretherton (1961) significantly underpredicts the film thickness, the discrepancy being greatest at the lowest speeds. For bubbles of length less than about 20 tube radii, on the other hand, good agreement with the Bretherton theory is obtained over two orders of magnitude in bubble speed. The theoretical profile of long bubbles is shown to be unstable; however the explanation of the observed behaviour is, as yet, incomplete.
The saving–investment relationship revisited: New evidence from multivariate heterogeneous panel cointegration analyses

Abstract This paper re-examines the relationship between national saving and investment using multivariate heterogeneous panel cointegration analyses of annual data for 126 countries during the period 1960 to 2000. We find a significant and robust positive association between the ratio of gross domestic investment to gross domestic product (GDP) and the ratio of gross domestic saving to GDP. In addition, we find a significantly lower saving–investment association for non-OECD countries relative to OECD countries. Journal of Comparative Economics 34 (2) (2006) 402–419.
Accuracy and limitations of localized Green’s function methods for materials science applications

We compare screened real-space and reciprocal-space implementations of Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker electronic-structure method for their applicability to largescale problems requiring various levels of accuracy. We show that real-space calculations in metals can become impractical to describe energies. We suggest a combined $\mathbf{r}$- and $\mathbf{k}$-space scheme as the most efficient and flexible strategy for accurate energy calculations. Our hybrid code is suitable for (parallel) large-scale calculations involving complex, multicomponent systems. We also discuss how details of numerical procedures can affect accuracy of such calculations.
Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow for Visco-Elastic Fluid in An Eccentric Annulus with Inner Rod Reciprocation*

The equation governing the unsteady flow of viscoelastic fluids in an eccentric annulus was derived by using the common conversion Maxwell fluid constitutive equation and then discretized by the control volume method. The velocity distribution of flow field was computed by using the ADI method. The influences of the pressure gradient, eccentricity, stroke length, and stroke frequency on the velocity and flow capacity in the flow field was analyzed. The foundation for further research of the eccentric wear problem of the pumping rod in polymer-flood well was laid.
Residual cognitive effects of uncomplicated idiopathic and cryptogenic epilepsy

We assessed residual cognitive deficits in young people with idiopathic and cryptogenic epilepsy. In the setting of an ongoing prospective study, we invited participants initially diagnosed and enrolled in the cohort 8-9 years earlier to undergo standardized neuropsychological assessment. Sibling controls were invited when available. We analyzed 143 pairs in which cases had idiopathic or cryptogenic epilepsy and both case and control had normal intelligence. Compared with that for siblings, the Full Scale IQ for cases was 3.3 points lower (P=0.01) mainly due to slower processing speed, which was 5.6 points lower (P=0.0004). Word reading (P=0.04) and spelling (P=0.01), but not other scores, were also lower in cases. Remission status and drug use did not influence findings. In young people of normal intelligence with idiopathic or cryptogenic childhood-onset epilepsy, substantial residual effects of epilepsy appear to be confined largely to slower processing speed.
Linear combinations of Hermitian and real symmetric matrices

Abstract This paper, by purely algebraic and elementary methods, studies useful criteria under which the quadratic forms x ′ Ax and x ′ Bx , where A , B are n × n symmetric real matrices and x ′=( x 1 , x 2 , …, x n )≠(0,0,0,0, …,0), can vanish simultaneously and some real linear combination of A , B can be positive definite. Analogous results for hermitian matrices have also been discussed. We have given sufficient conditions on m real symmetric matrices so that some real linear combination of them can be positive definite.
Systemic effects of polymethylmethacrylate: Increased serum levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase following arthroplasty

This study dealt with the effects of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in total hip and knee arthroplasty patients on serum gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase GGTP levels. Patients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation of hip fractures served as control patients. Results of this study showed that 11 of 90 total hip patients and seven of 23 total knee patients had abnormally elevated GGTP levels at 5 and 10 days postoperatively. Abnormal elevations of GGTP levels in 40 hip fracture patients, however, were not noted. Clinical findings in this study included the observations that three of the 11 hip patients with elevated GGTP levels concurrently had symptoms of anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, along with spiking temperatures in the postoperative period. These symptoms generally occurred by 5 days following surgery and resolved uneventfully by 10 days postoperatively. Likewise, two of the seven knee patients with elevated GGTP levels in the postoperative period had the symptoms described above. No symptoms ...
Agonistic behavior enhances adult neurogenesis in male Acheta domesticus crickets.

We examined the effect of agonistic behavior on cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult male Acheta domesticus crickets. We combined 5-bromo,2′deoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling of dividing cells with immunocytochemical detection of the neuronal marker horseradish peroxidase to examine the proliferation of progenitor cells and the survival of newborn neurons. In crickets, the mushroom bodies of the brain contain clusters of proliferative cells that divide and generate new neurons in adulthood. Pairs of male crickets were allowed to fight and establish social rank and were then injected with BrdU. Proliferation of mushroom body neurogenic cluster cells was unaffected by agonistic interactions; 24 h after a fight, the number of BrdU positive cells in fought and un-fought males did not significantly differ. However, agonistic interactions did influence cell survival. Two weeks after an agonistic interaction, fought males had more newborn neurons than males that did not fight. There was also a rank-specific effect because dominant males had significantly more new neurons than subordinates. We also report for the first time that neurogenesis in adult crickets can occur in other regions of the brain and in other CNS ganglia, including the terminal abdominal ganglion (TAG). Agonistic interactions enhanced the proliferation of these distributed precursor cells but did not increase the survival of the newborn neurons generated by these cells.
Precursor polymers: 1. Synthesis and characterization of processable precursors to aramids

Abstract Processable precursor polymers to aramids, poly(imino-1,4-phenyleneiminocarbonyl-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl) and poly(imino-1,3-phenyleneiminocarbonyl-1,4-phenylenecarbonyl), were prepared and studied. The precursor polymers were made from the reaction of 2,5-dichlorobicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-dicarbonyl chloride with 1,4-phenylenediamine or 1,3-phenylenediamine. The polymeric precursors were subsequently converted in approximately 97% yields, via dehydrohalogenation and retro Diels-Adler reactions, to the corresponding aramids by refluxing in 1 M solution of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide. Only the p -phenylene precursor polymer exhibited liquid crystal characteristics in solution. The solubility and thermal properties were examined.
A current-controlled negative-resistance effect in indium antimonide

A thin wafer of P-InSb exhibits a current-controlled negative resistance between nonsymmetrical ohmic contacts on opposite sides of the wafer. The small contact on one side of the wafer is made positive relative to the large contact on the other side. Most effective samples had small contact diameters one to four times the slab thickness. The negative resistance was present up to a temperature of 210°K for material having 2.5 × 1014/cm3acceptor concentration at 77°K. A magnetic field perpendicular to the current flow direction reduced the value of the maximum negative resistance and extended the range of bias current yielding negative resistance. Samples under 0.005 inch thick yielded negative resistance when operated continuously, for the doping of 2.5 × 1014/cm3, but thicker samples yielded negative resistance only in lower duty cycle operation. Microwave radiation lines presumably at harmonics of oscillation in the bias circuit were measured. Finally, a proposed mechanism, dependent on impact ionization, is used to predict operation to a transit-time limited frequency of, say, 8000 Mc/s for a sample whose thickness is 0.0025 inch.
Quantifying and coping with parametric variations in 3D-stacked microarchitectures

Variability in device characteristics, i.e., parametric variations, is an important problem for shrinking process technologies. They manifest themselves as variations in performance, power consumption, and reduction in reliability in the manufactured chips as well as low yield levels. Their implications on performance and yield are particularly profound on 3D architectures: a defect on even a single layer can render the entire stack useless. In this paper, we show that instead of causing increased yield losses, we can actually exploit 3D technology to reduce yield losses by intelligently devising the architectures. We take advantage of the layer-to-layer variations to reduce yield losses by splitting critical components among multiple layers. Our results indicate that our proposed method achieves a 30.6% lower yield loss rate compared to the same pipeline implemented on a 2D architecture.
The heat capacity and magnetization of praseodymium metal in the temperature region 1.2–4.2°K with applied magnetic fields up to 40,000 G

Abstract The magnetic and thermal properties of two spherical samples of Praseodymium have been determined over the temperature region 1.2–4.2°K in magnetic fields to 40 kG. The zero applied magnetic field heat capacity data indicate the existence of an anomaly centered about 3.4°K and an upturn below 1.4°K. The temperature of the small 3.4°K anomaly decreases as the field is increased. The temperature of the onset of the upturn, as well as its magnitude, increases as the magnetic field is applied. This behavior was exhibited by both samples; however, the absolute magnitude of the heat capacity differed between samples. The magnetization exhibited no unusual behavior at 3.4°K; however, the magnetic moment in a 5000 G applied field increased as the temperature decreased. A remnant moment was detected in one of the samples after the application of a magnetic field. The effect of impurities on the anomaly is discussed.
Gastrin-releasing peptide activates Akt through the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway and abrogates the effect of gefitinib.

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a mitogen for lung epithelial cells and initiates signaling through a G-protein-coupled receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). Because GRPR transactivates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), we investigated induction by GRP of Akt, an EGFR-activated signaling pathway, and examined effects of GRP on viability of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells exposed to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. GRP induced Akt activation primarily through c-Src-mediated transactivation of EGFR. Transfection of dominant-negative c-Src abolished GRP-induced EGFR and Akt activation. GRP induced release of amphiregulin, and pre-incubation with human amphiregulin neutralizing antibody eliminated GRP-induced Akt phosphorylation. Pretreatment with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 completely blocked GRP-initiated Akt phosphorylation. These results suggest that GRP stimulates Akt activation primarily via c-Src activation, followed by extracellular release of the EGFR ligand amphiregulin, leading to the activation of EGFR and PI3K. Pretreatment of NSCLC cells with GRP resulted in an increase in the IC50 of gefitinib of up to 9-fold; this protective effect was mimicked by the pretreatment of cells with amphiregulin and reversed by Akt or PI3K inhibition. GRP appears to rescue NSCLC cells exposed to gefitinib through release of amphiregulin and activation of the Akt pathway, suggesting GRPR and/or EGFR autocrine pathways in NSCLC cells may modulate therapeutic response to EGFR inhibitors.
Effects of Electron Bombardment on Elasticity and Mechanical Damping of Certain Glasses

A borosilicate glass and a lead-containing silicate glass have been exposed to various dosages of 2-m.e.v. electrons, and the effects on the logarithmic decrement and period of a freely oscillating torsional pendulum in which each was made the torsional member have been noted. These effects, in both glasses, are qualitatively described as disannealing. Quantitatively, tan δ was increased 10 to 15% in the borosilicate and 30 to 60% in the lead glass, and the corresponding decreases in rigidity were of the order of 0.4 and 2%, respectively. In both glasses the mechanical effects and the associated brownish color anneal out in about 20 hours at 500°F. Besides these effects, there were some completely unexpected effects which are reported here for the first time and should be verified by others. These consist of (1) changes in the shape of tan δ vs. temperature curves caused not only by thermal treatment but also by changes in period of the pendulum and (2) fine structure in the tan δ vs. temperature maxima due to sodium ion diffusion. These details complicate the interpretation of such maxima and, if verified, will justify a re-examination of the anelastic behavior of glasses in general and borosilicate glasses in particular.
Sequential Assignment and Treatment-As-Usual Alternatives to Standard Experimental Designs in Field Studies of Treatment Efficacy

Psychosocial treatment research studies encounter obstacles to random assignment (RA). Used together, two procedures offer an alternative to the standard RA design. First, sequential assignment (SA) may create less opposition from administration, staff, and clients. SA operates on the principle that limited bed availability, a common treatment consideration in the field, determines assignment of clients to conditions. Second, treatment-as-usual (TAU) represents an alternative type of control condition. Some clients on the waiting list will, before a slot opens up and they enter an experimental condition, be absorbed into the existing treatment system, in which the amount and type of treatment they receive can vary widely. Substituting SA and TAU for the standard RA design may introduce methodological impurities including certain limited biases.
Long-term motion of resonant satellites with arbitrary eccentricity and inclination

A first-order, semi-analytical method for the long-term motion of resonant satellites is introduced. The method provides long-term solutions, valid for nearly all eccentricities and inclinations, and for all commensurability ratios. The method allows the inclusion of all zonal and tesseral harmonics of a nonspherical planet. We present here an application of the method to a synchronous satellite includingonly theJ 2 andJ 22 harmonics. Global, long-term solutions for this problem are given for arbitrary values of eccentricity, argument of perigee and inclination.
Multiple late complications of therapy with cyclophosphamide, including ovarian destruction.

Abstract The sudden, late appearance of multiple complications and the autopsy demonstration of a newly recognized side effect, ovarian destruction, are described in a young girl treated for a prolonged period with cyclophosphamide. She suffered the nearly simultaneous appearance of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and severe urinary tract hemorrhage in the twenty-ninth month of therapy. At autopsy, the ovaries were found to be totally lacking in ova or follicles, although the child was known to have had a normal XX chromosomal constitution. We believe that the ovarian disease observed in this case is the lesion associated with the amenorrhea which has recently been reported to occur during prolonged cyclophosphamide therapy in adults.
Hydroxamic acids (therapeutics and mechanism): chemistry, acyl nitroso, nitroxyl, reactive oxygen species, and cell signaling.

The hydroxamic acid functionality, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, has received much attention in relation to its physiological properties. This review mainly deals with the chemistry, mechanism, cell signaling, therapeutic properties, clinical trials, and toxicity. The chemistry provides insight concerning the mechanism. Acyl nitroso apparently is an intermediate, based on ease of oxidation of the parent and subsequent formation of nitroxyl (HNO) and nitric oxide. Acyl nitroso bears structural and electrochemical similarity to the phenylhydroxylamine-nitrosobenzene couple and to α-dicarbonyls. Acyl nitroso may be involved in electron transfer, reactive oxygen species formation and oxidative stress. Cell signaling plays a significant role in the biological action. The therapeutic properties are discussed with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid attracting the most attention as an anticancer agent. Promise as a practical medicine for treatment of cancer is indicated by clinical trials. Toxicity is also includ...
Surgical lesions of the intracranial optic nerves and optic chiasm.

Compressive tumors and vascular lesions affecting the intracranial optic nerves and optic chiasm are of interest to both the neurosurgeon and the neuro-ophthalmologist. Common types of tumors that occur in the chiasmal and parasellar regions are discussed in terms of their course, neuro-ophthalmologic implications, and surgical treatment by the transsphenoidal approach as opposed to the standard subfrontal approach. Vascular lesions that cause visual disturbances, including intracranial aneurysms and arteries acting as compressive lesions of the chiasm and nerves or in conjunction with tumors, are discussed.
The human tissue transglutaminase gene maps on chromosome 20q12 by in situ fluorescence hybridization

A cDNA encoding for the human tissue transglutaminase gene has been used to identify the chromosomal localization of the corresponding structural gene. The precise chromosomal and subregional localizations have been established by using in situ fluorescence mapping with a recombinant lambda-Zap phage containing the full cDNA coding sequence. The study showed that the human tissue transglutaminase gene is localized on chromosome 20 and, more precisely, within the band 20q12. To date, this is the third member of the transglutaminase gene family to be mapped. Human factor XIIIa (plasma transglutaminase), human keratinocyte transglutaminase (type I), and human tissue transglutaminase (type II) genes, although codifying for homologous enzymes, are localized on three different chromosomes.
Paroxysmal Sleep as a Presenting Symptom of Bilateral Paramedian Thalamic Infarctions

Bilateral paramedian thalamic infarctions may result in hypersomnolence, supranuclear palsy, and an amnestic syndrome. We describe an 82-year-old man who presented with recurrent, transient episodes of unresponsiveness secondary to bilateral paramedian thalamic infarctions. Electroencephalography was performed during one of these paroxysmal events and showed an abrupt transition to a stage 2 sleep pattern with spindle formation.
Connective tissue activation

Connective tissue activating peptides from lymphocytes (CTAP-I) and platelets (CTAP-III) are known to stimulate glycosaminoglycan synthesis, glycolysis, and mitogenesis in connective tissue cell cultures. Direct evidence suggested that increased accumulation of cyclic AMP was involved in the action of these peptide agonists, and increased prostaglandin E synthesis was postulated on the basis of indirect evidence. In the present experiments, CTAP-I and -III were incubated with human and murine cells in culture, and prostaglandin E was measured by radioimmunoassay using antibody directed primarily to prostaglandin E2. Both CTAP-I and -III markedly stimulated the elaboration of prostaglandin E into culture medium, the earliest evidence of increased synthesis occurring at 4 hours with maximal concentrations found at 24 hours. Substantial residual stimulation persisted at least through 48 hours. Indo-methacin (13.0 mg/ml) obliterated basal and incremental synthesis of prostaglandin in the presence of mediators. Cycloheximide (8.7 mg/ml) did not affect the stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by CTAP-I and -III. Three nonrheumatoid and 3 rheumatoid synovial cell strains showed similar basal levels of prostaglandin E and similar responses to CTAP-I. A murine fibroblast cell strain (3T3) showed increased prostaglandin E synthesis on exposure to CTAP-I, and the KB tumor cell strain was markedly stimulated by CTAP-III. These studies confirm the increased synthesis of E series prostaglandins postulated to occur in human connective tissue cells on exposure to CTAP-I and -III, and clarify the mechanism of action of these agonists on “activated” target cells. The importance of elevated extracellular concentrations of prostaglandins is uncertain, although they may act directly on sensitive cell types as well as potentiate the actions of CTAP-I and -III on neighboring cells.
Percutaneous valve therapies

Recent innovations have occurred in the treatment of valvular heart disease so that we now stand at the very beginning of a field that is likely to show considerable growth in the future. These innovations include the introduction of self-expanding and balloon-expandable stents containing bioprosthetic heart valves, and other valvular implants and techniques for the repair and treatment of valvular heart disease. Previously, the field of nonsurgical cardiac valve repair and replacement consisted solely of the use of balloon valvuloplasty for valvular stenosis. The ability to address aortic stenosis more definitively than with balloon valvuloplasty and to address regurgitant valve lesions will greatly expand the patients who can be treated without surgery. Percutaneous valve repair and replacement is at an early stage with a variety of techniques that are undergoing investigation. Similar to the initial development of balloon angioplasty for coronary artery disease, improvements in technology, techniques, and experience will be necessary before we can reproduce the excellent results achieved today with surgery.
The Next Century of Endocrinology

I take the helm of Endocrinology at a time in scientific history that is both auspicious and unpredictable. During my 5-year term, the journal will celebrate its 100th anniversary, and it is still a leader in the publication of frontier science. I thank my predecessor Jeffrey D. Blaustein and his Editors for handing the journal over to my team in such excellent shape. Readers and scholars appreciate the impact that Endocrinology has made on basic science in the field, and this is reflected by the journal’s metrics. In my own research area of reproductive neuroendocrinology, when I am searching for the original studies that laid the groundwork, I continue to discover that many, if not most, were published in Endocrinology. Basic and biomedical research in the endocrine sciences today is leading to truly transformative discoveries. At the same time, therearenewchallengesanduncertainties thatwemustovercome. I am honored to have this opportunity to lead the journal into its second century, and I am eager to see the next 5 years unfold. I am delighted to introduce the new team of senior Editors of the journal, who are leaders in their respective fields in all senses of the word: Richard Auchus (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI), Daniel Bikle (Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of California, San Francisco, CA), Patricia Brubaker (University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada), Anthony Hollenberg (Beth Israel Deaconess/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA), Adrian Lee (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA), Gail Prins (University of Illinois, Chicago, IL), Emilie Rissman (University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA), Hugh Taylor (Yale University, New Haven, CT), and Manuel TenaSempere (University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain). This group is simply outstanding. We have begun working together, and I am inspired by their thoughtful attention, knowledgeability, and genuine commitment to endocrinology, both the discipline and the journal. New Initiatives for Endocrinology
BL-S640, a Cephalosporin with a Broad Spectrum of Antibacterial Activity: Bioavailability and Therapeutic Properties in Rodents

The bioavailability and therapeutic properties of BL-S 640 in rodents were compared with those of cephalothin, cephaloridine, and cefazolin after parenteral administration, and cephalexin after oral administration. When given intramuscularly in dosages of 5 to 40 mg/kg, peak concentrations of BL-S 640 in the blood of mice were proportional to dose, but when given orally, they were proportional only up to a dose of 25 mg/kg. After either route of administration, the concentration of BL-S 640 in the blood declined at a slower rate than that of the control compounds. Rats receiving BL-S 640 orally excreted an average of 39% of the drug in the urine. BL-S 640 was highly effective in the treatment of mice infected systemically with a variety of pathogenic bacteria, its therapeutic efficacy in comparison with that of other cephalosporins being frequently in excess of what would have been predicted on the basis of comparative activities in vitro.
The development of the stria vascularis in the mouse.

We used the electron microscope to study the evolution of the stria vascularis from a single layer of cuboidal ectodermal cells resting on spiral ligament fibroblasts to a composite epithelium of several layers of three different kinds of cells. In the process, complicated interdigitations form between neighboring cells which greatly increase surface area and would seem to increase fluid transport capacity. The number of microvilli decreases and each marginal cell's kinocilium disappears during the second week after birth. However, there is an increase in the number of clear, fluid-containing vesicles in the superficial part of the marginal cells.
Experimental and Theoretical Momentum Transfer Dependence of the He (E, 2e) Cross Section

The relative triple differential cross section for the electron impact ionization of helium has been measured and calculated for an incident energy of 488 eV. This is sufficiently highly asymmetric geometry that exchange processes may be neglected and the slow and fast outgoing electrons identified as ejected and scattered electrons, respectively. For two fixed ejected electron directions ±90°, and ejected electron energy 34.5 eV, coplanar (e, 2e) measurements have been made for a range of scattering angles between ±30°, corresponding to a momentum transfer range 0.38 → 3 au. The data are presented directly as scattered electron angular distributions and in the manipulated form of their sum, difference and the ratio difference / sum. These are compared to four types of theoretical calculations. Excellent agreement is found between experiment and a calculation that includes significant post collision interaction effects. All four calculations predict an almost identical oscillatory feature in the difference and ratio of the ±90° cross sections, which is consistent with the experimental data and is due to the fact that the cross section passes through zero close to, but not exactly at, 0° scattering.
Histochemistry of blood cells treated with pokeweed mitogen.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes undergoing blastogenesis in response to pokeweed mitogen or phytohaemagglutinin exhibit similar morphology as well as similar metabolic adaptations. These include increased glycogen, lipid, and certain hydrolytic and dehydrogenase activities.
An Ethnographic Investigation of African American Mothers' Perceptions of Augmentative and Alternative Communication

The purpose of this study was to investigate fourteen African American mothers' perceptions of the utilization of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) by their children with autism spec...
Temperature-insensitive dual-mode resonant sensors - a review

Dual mode excitation of resonators allows the highly accurate measurement of, and compensation for, the effects of temperature, pressure, etc., by means of frequency measurements alone. Frequency can be measured with far higher accuracy than any other quantity. In dual mode excitation, the two excited modes occupy the same volume of quartz, thereby allowing the resonator to sense two measurands simultaneously, e.g., pressure and temperature. This paper reviews the dual-mode technique and its sensor applications.
Reduction of interconnection weights in higher order associative memory networks

The existence of principal connection weights Tpr useful in solving the problem of proliferation of weights in higher-order Hebbian-type associative memories is introduced. Among all connection weights T based on the outer-product rule, it is shown that those weights near square root M, where M=number of stored patterns, contain, more information than the others. The recall capability of Hopfield associative memories which use only principal weights Tpr, where Tpr in T and square root M >
Noise and Loss in Balanced and Subharmonically Pumped Mixers: Part II--Application

The theory presented in Part I is applied here to some simple two-diode subharmonically pumped and balanced mixers. It is shown that the magnitude of the loop inductance (seen by currents circulating through the two diodes) affects the subharmonically pumped mixer much more strongly than the balanced mixer. The theory is also applied to the ideal two-diode mixer (balanced or subharmonically pumped) using exponential diodes with no series resistance and no nonlinear capacitance. It is shown that, like its single-diode counterpart, this mixer has a noise-equivalent lossy network whose physical temperature is eta T/2, where eta is the ideality factor of the exponential diodes. It follows that the ideal subharmonically pumped resistive mixer is not intrinsically less noisy than the ideal resistive fundamental mixer. This is not necessarily the case if parametric effects, due to nonlinear diode capacitance, are present.