cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of nonhyperbolic sine I-V characteristics in poly-Si resistors

Poly-Si resistors with an unimplanted channel region (and with n-type source/drain regions) can exhibit a nonhyperbolic sine (non-sinh) I-V characteristic at low V/sub DS/ and an activation energy which is not simply decreasing monotonically with increasing V/sub DS/. These phenomena are not explained by conventional poly-Si resistor models. To describe these characteristics, a self-consistent model which includes the effects of a reverse-biased diode at the drain end is presented. Numerical simulation results show excellent agreement with experiment in regard to the shape of the I-V characteristic and of the effective activation energy as a function of V/sub DS/. >
Calving date and wintering system effects on cow and calf performance II: Economic analysis 1

Data from a 4-yr study involving 217 cows/yr (3/4 Red Angus, 1/4 Simmental) were used to compare net returns among 5 cow/calf production systems: 1) March (Mar) calving cows wintered on native range, 2) Mar calving cows wintered on corn residue, 3) June (Jun) calving cows wintered on native range, 4) Jun calving cows wintered on corn residue, and 5) August (Aug) calving cows wintered on corn residue. Steers born in Mar entered the feedlot at weaning (November; calf-fed). Steers and heifers born in Jun and Aug were divided equally into 2 postweaning management treatments. Half entered the feedlot immediately after weaning (May, calf-fed) and the other half grazed subirrigated meadow and entered the feedlot as yearlings (September to October). Average USDA reported monthly prices for the yr 2007 to 2010 were used to value both inputs and outputs. Prices utilized were at time of purchase for feed ingredients and replacement cows and time of sale for cattle. Costs were not different (P = 0.81) among calving dates, but net returns were greatest (P 0.21) calf feedlot performance. Steers generated greater (P < 0.01) net returns than heifers when ownership was retained. Net returns were greater (P < 0.02) for calf-fed compared with yearling cattle when purchased at weaning and sold on a marketing-grid basis. Purchasing and finishing yearlings was not profitable. Net returns vary by calving date, wintering system, ownership length, postweaning management system, and calf sex.
Nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve of the pigeon: Localization of peptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive fibers

The distribution of peptide and serotonin fibers in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMNX) in the pigeon (Columba livia) was investigated immunocytochemically. This information was correlated with the viscerotopic organization of the nuclei and with central NTS circuitry to suggest the role of the neurochemical containing fibers in the regulation of organ function. The distribution of fibers containing cholecystokinin (CCK), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), enkephalin (ENK), neuropeptide Y (NPY), neurotensin (NT), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was determined. Each substance had a distinct distribution within the subnuclei of NTS-DMNX, but certain generalities can be deduced. In the DMNX, fibers immunoreactive for ENK, NT, and SP were found in greatest concentration, while CGRP and 5-HT immunoreactive fibers were the least dense. This suggests that ENK, NT, and SP may have a significant modulatory effect on gastrointestinal functions. In the NTS overall, ENK, NT, SP, and VIP fibers were found in high density, CCK, NPY, SS, and 5-HT fibers were found in moderate density, and CGRP fibers were found in low density. However, some individual NTS subnuclei were found to contain moderate to high concentrations of each of the substances, including CGRP. Fibers containing CCK, ENK, NT, SP, SS, and VIP in the medial dorsal NTS subnuclei may regulate gastroesophageal functions. The caudal part of subnucleus lateralis parasolitarius did not contain most of the substances, which suggests that pulmonary function is not modulated by these neurochemicals. The boundaries of a subnucleus could sometimes be demarcated by a change in density of immunoreactive fibers between adjacent subnuclei. This was particularly evident in NTS subnuclei medialis dorsalis anterior centralis and lateralis parasolitarius, and in DMNX subnucleus posterior dorsalis magnocellularis. The selective distribution of peptide and serotonin immunoreactive fibers in various subnuclei of NTS-DMNX suggests that these substances may be differentially involved in neural circuits that mediate cardiovascular and gastrointestinal functions. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inflight Deicing of Self-Actuating Aircraft Wing Structures With Piezoelectric Actuators

Self-actuating aircraft wings for in-flight deicing with minimal power requirements are proposed. Lightweight piezoelectric actuators are utilized to excite the wing structure to its natural frequencies to induce shear stresses on the surface of the wing. The shears are generated in such a way that they are sufficient to break the weak bond between the ice layer and the wing surface. A laminated composite cantilever plate is used for the modeling and analysis. Analytical model is developed to predict the natural frequencies and shear stresses on the surface of the plate and finite element modal analysis is carried out to verify the results. In addition, finite element model involving the ice deposited on the underlying structure is built. The dynamic responses of the structure to harmonic excitation to its first five natural frequencies are investigated. It is observed that significant amount of ice de-bonding from the substrate occurs in the third mode, or the second symmetric mode. Moreover, the energy requirements of the piezoelectric actuators to actuate an adaptive composite structure with given weight are evaluated.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Earnings Management Under SFAS No. 115: Evidence from The Insurance Industry

Critics of SFAS No. 115 argue that allowing unrealized holding gains and losses on available for sale securities to bypass income and flow directly to owners equity creates opportunities for gains trading and earnings management. That is, to achieve a desired earnings level, management may selectively sell securities with the realized gains and losses affecting income. This study provides empirical evidence that earnings management under SFAS No. 115 is occurring in the insurance industry.
Stability Of Excellence: Revealed Patterns In Tobins q-Ratios

Much has been written about characteristics of excellent firms, but little attention has been given to the possibility that excellence, once attained, is the result of a random process. This study uses market valuation concepts to construct a single measure of the multiple dimensions of excellent asset management to test the stability of excellence for a large sample of firms over a 20-year period. The findings suggest that firms are unable to sustain excellence from year-to-year, but excellence is maintained over longer run holding periods. The results also help explain findings in other studies where excellent firms have subsequently provided low rates of return to investors.
Prolactin-like Biological Activity in the Pituitary Glands of the Marsupial Monodelphis domestica and of the Amphibian Rana pipiens Detected by a Colorimetric Nb2 Lymphoma Cell Proliferation Assay

An inexpensive and reliable colorimetric microplate version of the Nb2 lymphoma cell proliferation bioassay for prolactin (PRL) was developed and optimized. The useful range of the assay is between 0.1 and 12.8 ng/ml in terms of rat pituitary PRL. The assay can accommodate up to 20 microl sample/well. The physiological relevance of the assay was verified by measuring thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced secretion of PRL in pituitary cultures and in serum samples of neonatal rats. Through the use of the colorimetric Nb2 assay, PRL-like bioactivities were demonstrated in pituitary extracts of the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica (1.47 ng PRL/microg protein) and of the amphibian, Rana pipiens (1.86 ng PRL/microg protein). Marsupial and amphibian PRLs are predicted to have low specific activities in the Nb2 assay. Since the PRL values were calculated in terms of a rat PRL standard, they probably underestimate the amounts of PRL present. Parallel dose-response curves were obtained with these pituitary extracts and standard rat PRL over a wide range of dilutions. The Nb2 bioassay may serve as a tool for the purification of PRL from these species. The colorimetric version of the Nb2 bioassay may be a useful alternative to traditional Nb2 assays that rely on direct cell count or [3H]thymidine uptake.
Invasive Asian Earthworms Negatively Impact Keystone Terrestrial Salamanders.

Asian pheretimoid earthworms (e.g. Amynthas and Metaphire spp.) are invading North American forests and consuming the vital detrital layer that forest floor biota [including the keystone species Plethodon cinereus (Eastern Red-backed Salamander)], rely on for protection, food, and habitat. Plethodon cinereus population declines have been associated with leaf litter loss following the invasion of several exotic earthworm species, but there have been few studies on the specific interactions between pheretimoid earthworms and P. cinereus. Since some species of large and active pheretimoids spatially overlap with salamanders beneath natural cover objects and in detritus, they may distinctively compound the negative consequences of earthworm-mediated resource degradation by physically disturbing important salamander activities (foraging, mating, and egg brooding). We predicted that earthworms would exclude salamanders from high quality microhabitat, reduce foraging efficiency, and negatively affect salamander fitness. In laboratory trials, salamanders used lower quality microhabitat and consumed fewer flies in the presence of earthworms. In a natural field experiment, conducted on salamander populations from “non-invaded” and “pheretimoid invaded” sites in Ohio, salamanders and earthworms shared cover objects ~60% less than expected. Earthworm abundance was negatively associated with juvenile and male salamander abundance, but had no relationship with female salamander abundance. There was no effect of pheretimoid invasion on salamander body condition. Juvenile and non-resident male salamanders do not hold stable territories centered beneath cover objects such as rocks or logs, which results in reduced access to prey, greater risk of desiccation, and dispersal pressure. Habitat degradation and physical exclusion of salamanders from cover objects may hinder juvenile and male salamander performance, ultimately reducing recruitment and salamander abundance following Asian earthworm invasion.
Optimizing Treatment for Locally Advanced Pancreas Cancer: Progress but No Precision.

If cancer is the emperor of all maladies, then pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the ruthless dictator of all cancers. In 2016, there will be an estimated 53 070 new diagnoses and 41 780 deaths from pancreatic cancer in the United States.1 Pancreatic cancer has recently surpassed breast cancer (40 890 deaths) as a cause of death in the United States and ranks below only lung cancer and colorectal cancer in the number of cancer-related deaths annually.1 Globally, more than 340 000 cases are diagnosed each year and the incidence rates and mortality rates are nearly identical.2 Pancreas cancer mortality rates have not substantially declined over the past decade, and the incidence is increasing in low- and middle-resource countries.
Cadaver Biopsies in an Integrated Curriculum Improves Medical Student Educational Experience and Increases Interest in Pathology

Review of the literature indicates that cadaver biopsies are rarely used in undergraduate medical education. The Paul L. Foster School of Medicine preclinical curriculum integrates basic and clinical sciences. Tankside Grand Rounds (TSGR) is a capstone experience at the end of preclinical training wherein students deliver a formal case presentation of their cadavers’ suspected cause of death and premortem clinical course. Beginning with …
Eyes to the Future

Editorial Comments: The final slot of the Conference Program was the very lively ‘Eyes to the Future’ session. Our four panelists were seated in the front of the lecture theatre, facing the audience. A television crew hired by the University’s TV unit recorded the entire session for us; the TV tape was then transcribed into LATEX. Appearing in square brackets […] below are occassional editorial comments - added at times for clarity and continuity of speech.
Reproducible Fixation With a Modular, Fluted, Tapered Titanium Stem in Revision Hip Arthroplasty at 8–13 Years Follow-Up

Introduction: Severe bone loss creates a challenge for fixation in femoral revision. The goal of the study was to assess reproducibility of fixation and clinical outcomes of femoral revision with bone loss using a modular, fluted, tapered distally fixing stem. Methods: 92 consecutive patients (96 hips) underwent hip revision surgery using the same design of a modular, fluted, tapered titanium stem between 1998 and 2005. Fourteen patients with 16 hips died before a 2-year follow-up. Eighty hips were followed for an average of 11.3 years (range of 8 to 13.5 years). Bone loss was classified as per Paprosky9s classification, osseointegration assessed according to a modified system of Engh et al, and Harris Hip Score was used to document pain and function. Serial radiographs were reviewed by an independent observer to assess subsidence, osseointegration and bony reconstitution. Results: The average patient age was 68 years at the time of surgery (range 40 to 91). 80% hips had at least Paprosky type 3A proximal bone loss and 41% had an associated proximal femoral ostoetomy. Pre-operative Harris Hip scores (HHS) averaged 50.368 (range 22 to 72.775) and improved to an average HHS of 87.432 (range 63.450 to 99.825) at last follow-up. The HHS improved an average of 37.103 points (range 13.750 to 58.950). Radiographically, osseointegration was evident in all hips. No hips had measurable migration beyond 5 mm. 61%) hips had evidence of bone reconstitution and 27% demonstrated diaphyseal stress shielding. One well-fixed distal stem was revised for stem fracture, and two proximal segments were revised for recurrent dislocation. Conclusion: Reproducible fixation and clinical improvement were consistently achieved with this stem design in the setting of femoral bone loss.
The calorimetric measurement of low temperature dielectric loss

Most dielectric loss measurements are made by using a capacitance bridge. Bridge methods however require standard capacitors. These capacitors have dielectric loss tangents of about 10−5 and loss tangents smaller than this cannot easily be measured with bridge techniques. Furthermore, the measurement is a relative rather than an absolute one, and thus its precision is dependent on how precisely the loss of the standard capacitor is known.1
Aggression, Combat, and Apparent Burrow Competition in Hatchling and Juvenile Gopher Tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus)

Abstract Adult North American tortoises (Gopherus spp.) engage in aggressive interactions with conspecifics when competing for mates and burrows. However, aggressive interactions have not been widely reported in hatchling and juvenile tortoises. We describe aggressive interactions between wild hatchling and juvenile gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) based on video recordings collected at tortoise burrows. Immature tortoises usually inhabited burrows alone but occasionally shared them. Presence of multiple individuals inside burrows hindered tortoise movements in burrows. Hatchlings or juveniles exhibited overt aggression toward similar aged/sized conspecifics in at least 6 of 13 (46%) encounters, and cameras may have failed to detect aggression occurring inside burrows. Hatchlings and juveniles also exhibited aggressive responses to foreign objects that were similar in appearance to small tortoises. Aggressive behaviors resembled those of adults and included repeated ramming, pushing, biting, and fli...
Auxiliary Functions for STO Molecular Integrals: Si, Ci and Ei

The renewed interest in molecular integrals for Slater-type orbitals (STO’s)[1] is increasing the urgency of the development of more efficient methods for calculating sine, cosine, and exponential integrals. The sine integral arises in expansions of the Fourier transform of a two-center STO product, and the exponential integral occurs in analytic multi-center integral formulations.[2] The standard analytical methods for evaluating these integrals include the power series expansions for small arguments, and continued-fraction or asymptotic expansions for large arguments.[3] None of these methods are fast for a large intermediate argument range, and the integrals are often evaluated by finite numerically fitted Chebyshev[4] or rational-fraction[5] expansions.
NOMAD: A Demonstration of the Transforming Chassis

Abstract During the Summer of 1997 - Nomad - a planetary-relevant mobile robot, was driven via satellite link for more than 125 miles in the Atacama Desert of Chile by novice operators in North America, demonstrating many technologies relevant to robotic exploration of the planets. An innovative "transforming" chassis was demonstrated which uses a simple linkage to change the footprint of the vehicle from a stowed to a deployed position. This linkage also enables both double Ackerman and point-turn steering. This paper presents details on the design of the transforming chassis including kinematic analysis used in low and high level control.
The Ambiguous Loss of Singlehood: Conceptualizing and Treating Singlehood Ambiguous Loss Among Never-Married Adults

Ambiguous loss theory provides a framework for conceptualizing and treating singlehood ambiguous loss among adults who desire to be in a long-term committed romantic relationship, such as marriage, but have never been in such a relationship. Adults who have never married may experience an ambiguous loss due to the lack of clear information as to whether their anticipated spouse, who is psychologically present yet physically absent, will materialize at some point. This lack of clear information about an indefinitely missing anticipated spouse tends to create ambivalence about holding on to the prospect that the anticipated spouse will materialize versus moving on through accepting and grieving the loss of the non-materialized anticipated spouse. The absence of rituals for demarcating singlehood ambiguous loss may increase ambivalence. The degree of ambivalence experienced from adult singlehood ambiguous loss likely varies according to the developmental timing of singlehood, decisions between settling and indefinite singlehood, unviable potential spouses, and non-materialized children. Specific treatment recommendations (i.e., avoiding contraindicated treatment approaches, implementing an informed not-knowing stance, and fostering dialectical thinking) and specific interventions for adapting the established treatment for ambiguous loss (i.e., increasing resilience through normalizing ambivalence, tempering mastery, finding meaning, reconstructing identity, revising attachment, and discovering hope) for clients struggling with the ambiguous loss of singlehood are presented.
Prospective Observational Evaluation of Sedation and Pain Management Guideline Adherence Across New Jersey Intensive Care Units.

Background:The practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium (PAD) from the Society of Critical Care Medicine shifted from primarily focusing on the treatment of anxiety i...
An Institutional Examination of Sustainability in Supply Chains Using the Foreignness Perspective

Foreignness and its relationship to sustainability is an underexamined and potentially insightful relationship. The insight gains from this relationship are particularly cogent when considering sustainable supply chain management practices, international business, and cross-cultural relationships. This paper draws from institutional theory and examines sustainability of supply chain partners from a foreignness perspective. A comprehensive conceptual framework evaluating the relationships of foreignness to economic, social and environmental sustainability is presented and discussed in this paper. In addition, contingent factors such as level of development of supplier’s nation, level of global integration of buyer and type of industry, on sustainability performance of focal firms are also conceptually evaluated. The direct and contingency frameworks introduced in this paper are presented along with research propositions that allow for furthering understanding and theoretical development within the sustaina...
Structure and function of anthrax toxin.

Anthrax toxin is a binary A-B toxin comprised of protective antigen (PA) and two enzymatic moieties, edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). In the presence of a host cell-surface receptor, PA can mediate the delivery of EF and LF from the extracellular milieu into the host cell cytosol to effect toxicity.In this delivery, PA undergoes multiple structural changes — from a monomer to a heptameric prepore to a membrane-spanning heptameric pore. The catalytic factors also undergo dramatic structural changes as they unfold to allow for their translocation across the endosomal membrane and refold to preserve their catalytic activity within the cytosol. In addition to these gross structural changes, the intoxication mechanism depends on the ability of PA to form specific interactions with the host cell receptor, EF, and LF. This chapter presents a review of experiments probing these structural interactions and rearrangements in the hopes of gaining a molecular understanding of toxin action.
The Toxicological Implications of Biogeochemical Studies of Atmospheric Lead

More than ninety-nine percent of the 400,000 metric tons of lead entering the atmosphere each year are from anthropogenic sources. Mass balance estimates of removal by precipitation and dry deposition are roughly equivalent to these inputs, with removal by dry deposition in remote terrestrial ecosystems being about twice that of precipitation. The impact of this anthropogenic lead, described in related studies, has served to elevate the amounts of lead in the critical storage reservoirs of plants, animals and humans by factors of 2–2000. From the biogeochemical reconstruction of Pb/Ca ratios, using the principle of biopurification, the levels of natural lead can be determined. These reconstructions suggest that lead levels in humans, both North Americans and Europeans, have been elevated about 2000-fold above natural prehistoric levels.
Verhaltenstheorie versus Nutzentheorie

Behaviourist Learning Theory and Utility Theory. Comparisons between theories are rare, especially in social theory which is believed to be a “multi-paradigmatic” science. Against this prevailing impression it is shown that there are logically reconstructable inter-theory-relations at least between different basic theories of individual action. Following Wladyslaw Krajewski a formal model of theory-approximation is developed and applied to behaviourist learning theory and utility theory. Comparing both theories leads to the result that the latter has to be preferred to Behaviourism. That utility theory has a richer content than learning theory helps to explain why George Caspar Homans explanatory programme which leans on a Skinnerian version of learning theory finally did not succeed in becoming the leading approach in social science.
Liver tumorigenesis is promoted by a high saturated fat diet specifically in male mice and is associated with hepatic expression of the proto-oncogene Agap2 and enrichment of the intestinal microbiome with Coprococcus

Liver cancer results in a high degree of mortality, especially among men. As fatty liver disease is a risk factor for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, we investigated the role of dietary fat type in tumor promotion by high-fat diets in mice after initiation with the chemical carcinogen diethyl nitrosamine. Tumor incidence and multiplicity were significantly greater in males than those in females. In males, fat type had complex effects on tumorigenesis. Preneoplastic foci were most prevalent in mice fed a polyunsaturated fat diet enriched in docosahexaenoic acid, whereas carcinomas and large visible liver tumors were significantly greater in mice fed a saturated fat diet made with cocoa butter relative to mice fed mono- or polyunsaturated fats. Different mechanisms thus seemed involved in early and late tumor promotion. The hepatic transcriptome and gut microbiome were assessed for traits associated with tumorigenesis. Hepatic expression of more than 20% of all genes was affected by sex, whereas fat type affected fewer genes. In males, the saturated fat diet induced expression of the proto-oncogene Agap2 and affected the expression of several cytochrome P450 genes, and genes involved in lipid, bile acid and fatty acid metabolism. The gut microbiome had a higher level of genus Akkermansia and a lower level of Firmicutes in females than in males. Males fed saturated fat had an altered microbiome, including an enrichment of the genus Coprococcus. In conclusion, sex and the dietary fat type affect the gut microbiome, the hepatic transcriptome and ultimately hepatic tumor growth.
Integrating strategies from three predominant theories regarding romantic partner support of weight loss

Three theories are predominantly used to assess romantic partner support of individuals’ weight loss: self-determination, social control, and confirmation. Because all theories highlight partner st...
Three-dimensional functional workspace of thumb prehension

Abstract Background Clinical assessment of thumb motion is challenging, due to the complex anatomy and motion of the thumb. It is especially difficult to measure hand movement during activity, and to measure the effects of surgery that changes the morphology of the thumb. A three-dimensional model of the hand may enable clinicians to better assess prehension and thumb motion at baseline, and following surgical intervention. Methods A kinematic model of the hand was developed to measure thumb and finger position during functional tasks, enabling the calculation of the volume of space in which prehension could occur. This method was validated by application to a mechanical model of the hand, and then applied to ten adult participants, using three-dimensional motion analysis with a marker array developed for the purpose of this study. Findings This method can be used to accurately measure three-dimensional thumb joint range of motion (RoM) and predicted functional workspace during functional activities. The thumb carpometacarpal joint was predominantly responsible for thumb position during functional tasks. Predicted functional workspace is proportional to hand morphometric measurements. Interpretation A kinematic model of the hand measures thumb RoM and predicts functional workspace during functional activities.
Pathogenesis of HIV-Associated Lymphoma

The diagnosis of HIV-associated lymphoma was first incorporated in 1985 into the Centers for Disease Control’s (CDC) case definition of AIDS (Harnly et al., 1988; Kristal et al., 1988). The incidence of lymphoma in the HIV-1-infected population has been steadily increasing since, and represented 3–4% of AIDS-defining illnesses reported to the CDC in 1991. Except for a surprisingly high incidence of lymphoma observed in one small cohort of HIV-infected individuals (Pluda et al., 1990), there has been no apparent increase in the incidence of lymphoma disproportionate to that for new AIDS diagnoses.
Phonon drag effect in nanocomposite FeSb2

We study the temperature dependence of thermoelectric transport properties of four FeSb2 nanocomposite samples with different grain sizes. The comparison of the single crystals and nanocomposites of varying grain sizes indicates the presence of substantial phonon drag effects in this system contributing to a large Seebeck coefficient at low temperature. As the grain size decreases, the increased phonon scattering at the grain boundaries leads to a suppression of the phonon-drag effect, resulting in a much smaller peak value of the Seebeck coefficient in the nanostructured bulk materials. As a consequence, the ZT values are not improved significantly even though the thermal conductivity is drastically reduced.
Association of Seasonal Severity and Vaccine Effectiveness With Influenza Vaccination Rates in Children

This study examines the associations of seasonal influenza severity as well as current and prior year’s vaccine effectiveness with yearly influenza vaccination rates stratified by age groups.
Performance and Return to Sport After Hip Arthroscopy in the National Basketball Association

Purpose To determine: (1) return to sport (RTS) rate in National Basketball Association (NBA) players following hip arthroscopy, (2) postoperative career length and games per season, (3) pre- and postoperative performance, and (4) postoperative performance compared with control players. Methods NBA athletes who underwent hip arthroscopy and matched controls were identified. RTS was defined as playing in at least 1 game after surgery. Player efficiency ratings were used for performance evaluation. Continuous variables of each group were compared using a 2-tailed paired samples Student t test for normally distributed data. χ2 was used to analyze categorical data. RTS was used as the primary outcome with statistical significance defined by a P value Results Twenty-three players (24 hips) were analyzed (mean age 27.5 ± 3.1 years; mean experience in the NBA 5.8 ± 2.8 years at time of surgery). Small forwards (n = 8, 33.3%) represented the largest proportion of players that underwent hip arthroscopy. Twenty players (21 surgeries, 87.5%) were able to RTS in NBA at an average of 5.7 ± 2.6 months. The overall 1-year NBA career survival rate of players undergoing hip arthroscopy was 79.2%. Players in the control group (5.2 ± 3.5 years) had a similar career length as (P = .068) players who underwent surgery (4.4 ± 3.0 years). There was no significant (P = .045) decrease in games per season following surgery. There was no significant difference in performance postoperatively compared with preoperatively (P = .017) and compared with matched controls following surgery (P = .570). Conclusions The RTS rate for NBA athletes after hip arthroscopy is high. There was no decrease in games played, career lengths, or performance following hip arthroscopy in NBA players versus preoperatively and matched controls. Level of evidence Level III case-control study
The Evolution of the Pulvinar Complex in Primates and Its Role in the Dorsal and Ventral Streams of Cortical Processing

Current evidence supports the view that the visual pulvinar of primates consists of at least five nuclei, with two large nuclei, lateral pulvinar ventrolateral (PLvl) and central lateral nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIcl), contributing mainly to the ventral stream of cortical processing for perception, and three smaller nuclei, posterior nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIp), medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIm), and central medial nucleus of the inferior pulvinar (PIcm), projecting to dorsal stream visual areas for visually directed actions. In primates, both cortical streams are highly dependent on visual information distributed from primary visual cortex (V1). This area is so vital to vision that patients with V1 lesions are considered "cortically blind". When the V1 inputs to dorsal stream area middle temporal visual area (MT) are absent, other dorsal stream areas receive visual information relayed from the superior colliculus via PIp and PIcm, thereby preserving some dorsal stream functions, a phenomenon called "blind sight". Non-primate mammals do not have a dorsal stream area MT with V1 inputs, but superior colliculus inputs to temporal cortex can be more significant and more visual functions are preserved when V1 input is disrupted. The current review will discuss how the different visual streams, especially the dorsal stream, have changed during primate evolution and we propose which features are retained from the common ancestor of primates and their close relatives.
Increased Rates of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation and Overall Survival in Philadelphia-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients with Broader Health Insurance Coverage

Introduction The Philadelphia chromosome is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While modern day therapies including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have led to significant improvements in overall survival (OS) for this population, these treatments have variable accessibility in patients with limited to no health insurance. Methods We performed a single-center, retrospective study to investigate outcomes in Ph+ ALL adults with different types of health insurance. Health insurance options included Medicare, private insurance, Medicaid, or no insurance. Allogeneic HSCT was performed in patients who met transplant eligibility criteria of insurance coverage and caregiver availability at home. Patient OS was defined as the time from diagnosis of Ph+ ALL until patient death. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher's exact probability test with two-tailed p-values Results A total of 81 patients with Ph+ ALL were included in this study. Two groups of patients were compared: those with either Medicare or private insurance (M/P) versus those with Medicaid or no insurance (M/N). Thirty-three patients (40.7%) were included in the M/P group and 48 patients (59.2%) in the M/N group. Twenty patients (60.6%) in the M/P group were able to undergo allogeneic HSCT in contrast to 15 patients (31.3%) in the M/N group (p = 0.012). There were similar rates of caregiver availability to support HSCT between both groups; 24 M/P patients (72.7%) lived with a caregiver versus 33 M/N patients (68.8%) in comparison (p = 0.806). In analyzing rates of OS, the 1-year OS was 100% vs. 85.1% (p = 0.038), 2-year OS was 96.2% vs. 75.8% (p = 0.033), and 3-year OS was 88.2% vs. 59.2% (p = 0.049) for M/P patients compared to M/N patients, respectively. Conclusion With the emergence of allogeneic HSCT, the rates of OS in the Ph+ ALL population improved dramatically from the prior era. However, barriers still exist to undergoing transplant, one of the most formidable being appropriate insurance coverage. This study demonstrated that a significantly higher percentage of Ph+ ALL patients in the M/P group were able to undergo allogeneic HSCT compared to those in the M/N group. While eligibility for transplant depended on caregiver availability in addition to insurance status, there were similar rates of caregivers between the two groups, thus implying that this factor had no major impact on the differing rates of HSCT. Furthermore, M/P patients were found to have significantly higher rates of OS at the 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year marks compared to those in the M/N group. Given that broader health insurance coverage was correlated with increased rates of both allogeneic HSCT and OS, it remains a critical point of discussion in the treatment of Ph+ ALL patients from all socioeconomic backgrounds.
Ceramic Genomics: Total Bond Order Density

Abstract This article describes the applications of using total bond order density (TBOD) from first-principles calculation as a single quantum mechanical matric to characterize the stability, internal cohesion and mechanical strength of ceramic and glasses. It can be extended to cover complex material systems including bulk metallic glasses, high entropy alloys, organic frameworks and biomolecular systems. Since TBOD does not rely on any geometric parameters or experimental data nor restricted to particular atomic species and types of interatomic bonding, and is applicable to both ordered and disordered materials, it plays the role of geno in these materials.
Resilience to Online Censorship

To what extent are Internet users resilient to online censorship? When does censorship influence consumption of information and when does it create backlash? Drawing on a growing literature on Inte...
Aging Influences Shear Force of Beef in a Muscle-Specific Manner

ObjectivesTenderness is an important sensory attribute that influences consumers’ overall eating satisfaction and repurchase decisions of beef. However, beef tenderness is a muscle-specific and highly variable trait, with different muscles from the same carcass exhibiting considerable variations. Retailing single-muscle beef cuts, based on quality and palatability traits, can improve value of carcasses. Postmortem wet aging of beef subprimals under vacuum packaging is a widely used industry practice in the U.S. to improve beef tenderness. Although beef muscles differ in their biochemical attributes, different muscles undergo similar aging procedure because wet aging is generally preformed on the subprimals. While beef muscles may respond differentially to wet aging, the effects of aging time on tenderness of three economically important beef hindquarter muscles, i.e., longissimus lumborum (LL), psoas major (PM), and semitendinosus (ST), are yet to be examined. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine the effect of aging on tenderness of beef LL, PM, and ST muscles.Materials and MethodsThe LL, PM, and ST muscles were excised (24 h postmortem) from both sides of eight (n = 8) beef carcasses (USDA Choice; A maturity) and was further separated into two equal-length sections, resulting in four muscle sections per carcass. The muscle sections were vacuum packaged and randomly assigned to aging at 2°C for either 0, 7, 14, or 21 d. At the end of each aging period, 2.5-cm steaks were fabricated. The steaks were cooked to an internal temperature of 71°C and chilled to 4°C overnight. Six cylindrical cores (1.27-cm of diameter) parallel to the muscle fiber orientation were obtained from each steak with a hand-held coring device. Shear force was determined by shearing each core with V-shaped blade of Warner-Bratzler shear device, and the values were recorded as the peak force (N). The main effects of muscle source and aging days, and their interactions were analyzed using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. The least square means for protected F-tests (P 0.05) in tenderness between 7 and 14-d aged LL. However, aging beyond 7 d did not improve (P > 0.05) the tenderness of already tender PM steaks. On the other hand, improvement (P < 0.05) in tenderness was observed in ST until 14 d. After 21 d of aging, LL was the most tender, while ST remained the toughest (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results indicated that different muscles in beef hindquarters responded differentially to postmortem aging, and the processors could optimize aging time depending on the muscles to improve beef tenderness.
The Experiences of International Teaching Assistants in the U.S. Classroom: A Qualitative Study.

Most research focusing on the challenges that international teaching assistants (ITAs) encounter in U.S. classrooms employs a linguistic perspective. The present study furthers that research by examining other challenges unique to ITAs, through the lens of an intercultural competence framework. Through individual interviews with 15 ITAs, the study highlights the challenges related to competencies in knowledge and skills faced by ITAs in U.S. classrooms. Findings reveal that knowledge about the U.S. education system, expectations of the classroom culture, and assumptions about student–instructor relationships pose the greatest difficulties. Additionally, the ability of an ITA to demonstrate communication skills remains a significant challenge, including the negative perception of speaking with a foreign accent and selecting effective word choices to accurately represent content. The study findings present practical implications for training ITAs for their pedagogical duties at U.S. colleges.
Discovery of SP-96, the first non-ATP-competitive Aurora Kinase B inhibitor, for reduced myelosuppression

Abstract Aurora Kinase B is a serine-threonine kinase known to be overexpressed in several cancers, with no inhibitors approved for clinical use. Herein, we present the discovery and optimization of a series of novel quinazoline-based Aurora Kinase B inhibitors. The lead inhibitor SP-96 shows sub-nanomolar potency in Aurora B enzymatic assays (IC50 = 0.316 ± 0.031 nM). We identified the important pharmacophore features resulting in selectivity against receptor tyrosine kinases. Particularly, SP-96 shows >2000 fold selectivity against FLT3 and KIT which is important for normal hematopoiesis. This could diminish the adverse effect of neutropenia reported in the clinical trials of the Aurora B inhibitor Barasertib, which inhibits FLT3 and KIT in addition to Aurora B. Enzyme kinetics of SP-96 shows non-ATP-competitive inhibition which makes it a first-in-class inhibitor. Further, SP-96 shows selective growth inhibition in NCI60 screening, including inhibition of MDA-MD-468, a Triple Negative Breast Cancer cell line.
Complex endovascular retrieval of an intravascular foreign body

Abstract We report a case of a 54-year-old man who developed bilateral multifocal pneumonia as a result of septic thromboembolization from an ingested ballpoint pen that migrated through the gastrointestinal system and lodged in the inferior vena cava. The ballpoint pen was removed from the inferior vena cava with a complex endovascular approach using internal jugular and common femoral vein access with the combination of a snare device and atraumatic laparoscopic grasper. He was also found to have a duodenal perforation requiring primary repair in a staged fashion after endovascular removal of the ballpoint pen.
DynamoVis 1.0: an exploratory data visualization software for mapping movement in relation to internal and external factors.

Background This paper introduces DynamoVis version 1.0, an open-source software developed to design, record and export custom animations and multivariate visualizations from movement data, enabling visual exploration and communication of patterns capturing the associations between animals' movement and its affecting internal and external factors. Proper representation of these dependencies grounded on cartographic principles and intuitive visual forms can facilitate scientific discovery, decision-making, collaborations, and foster understanding of movement. Results DynamoVis offers a visualization platform that is accessible and easily usable for scientists and general public without a need for prior experience with data visualization or programming. The intuitive design focuses on a simple interface to apply cartographic techniques, giving ecologists of all backgrounds the power to visualize and communicate complex movement patterns. Conclusions DynamoVis 1.0 offers a flexible platform to quickly and easily visualize and animate animal tracks to uncover hidden patterns captured in the data, and explore the effects of internal and external factors on their movement path choices and motion capacities. Hence, DynamoVis can be used as a powerful communicative and hypothesis generation tool for scientific discovery and decision-making through visual reasoning. The visual products can be used as a research and pedagogical tool in movement ecology.
Challenging Airway Management in Patients With Zenker's Diverticulum.

The acquired hypopharyngeal diverticulum (Zenker’s) is characterized by a posterior wall outpouching of the pharyngeal mucosa and submucosa through the vulnerable points of the pharyngoesophageal junction. We describe the case of a 67-year-old male who was recently diagnosed with Zenker's diverticulum and had complaints of dysphagia and halitosis. An endoscopic treatment (diverticulotomy) was performed without difficulties. The anesthetic management included rapid sequence induction, avoiding succinylcholine, and intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine. The neuromuscular blockade was reversed using sugammadex, decreasing the risk of failed extubation and possible airway re-intervention. The patient was discharged home the following day without complications.
Utilization and expense of adjuvant cancer therapies following radical prostatectomy.

BACKGROUND: We sought to identify the costs of adjuvant therapies following radical prostatectomy (RP) and factors associated with their receipt. METHODS: We used SEER-Medicare data from 2004-2006 to identify 4247 men who underwent RP, of whom 600 subsequently received adjuvant therapies. We used Cox regression to identify factors associated with receipt of adjuvant therapies. Health care expenditures within 12 months of diagnosis were compared for RP alone versus RP with adjuvant therapies. RESULTS: Biopsy Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen, risk group, and SEER region were significantly associated with receipt of adjuvant treatments (all P<.001). Higher surgeon volume was associated with lower odds of receiving adjuvant therapies (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.78 [P<.001]). Factors associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapies were positive surgical margins (HR, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.55-3.57 [P<.001]), high-risk group versus low-risk group (HR, 7.65; 95% CI, 5.64-10.37 [P<.001]), lymph node–positive disease (HR, 5.36; 95% CI, 3.71-7.75 [P<.001]), and treatment in Iowa (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.12-3.32 [P = .019]) and New Mexico/Georgia/Hawaii (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09-3.39 [P = .025]) versus San Francisco SEER regions (baseline). Age, race, comorbidities, and surgical approach were not associated with use of adjuvant therapies. The median expenditures attributable to postprostatectomy hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, and radiation with hormonal therapy versus were $1361, $12,040, and $23,487. CONCLUSIONS: Men treated by high-volume surgeons were less likely to receive adjuvant therapies. Regional variation and high-risk disease characteristics were associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapies, which increased health care expenditures by 2- to 3-fold when radiotherapy was administered. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
DCL System Using Deep Learning Approaches for Land-Based or Ship-Based Real-Time Recognition and Localization of Marine Mammals

Abstract : The overarching goals of this work are to advance the state of the art for detection, classification, and localization (DCL) in the field of bioacoustics. This goal is primarily achieved by building a generic framework for detection-classification (DC) using a fast, efficient, and scalable architecture, demonstrating the capabilities of the system using a variety of low-frequency and mid-frequency cetacean sounds. Two primary goals are to develop transferable technologies for detection and classification in the area of advanced algorithms, such as deep learning and other methods; and in advanced systems, capable of real-time and archival processing. Currently, massive amounts of acoustic data are being collected by various institutions, corporations, and national defense agencies. The long-term goal is to provide technical capability to analyze the data using automatic algorithms for DC based on machine intelligence. The goal of the automation is to provide effective and efficient mechanisms by which to process large acoustic datasets for understanding the bioacoustic behaviors of marine mammals. This capability will provide insights into the potential ecological impacts and influences of anthropogenic ocean sounds. From Oct 2012 through Sep 2013, our research focused on five major initiatives: (1) International workshops, conferences, and data challenges; (2) Enhancements of the Acoustic Segmentation Recognition (ASR) algorithm for frequency-modulated sounds: Right Whale Study; (3) Enhancements of the ASR algorithm for pulse trains: Minke Whale Study; (4) Mining Big Data Sound Archives using High Performance Computing software and hardware; and (5) Large Pulse Train Study: Minke Vocal Activity East Coast United States.