cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energization of lymphocytes transforming to macrophages in human inflammation.

Abstract Transformation of circulating small lymphocytes to macrophages in cell culture and phytohemagglutinin or immunologic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation into large primitive stem cells capable of mitotic division have previously been demonstrated. We have directed our attention to the mode of energization of lymphocytic hypertropy to macrophages in vivo . Appropriately controlled Hotchkiss-Lillie alcoholic-PAS (glycogen) reactivity was followed in the exudative leukocytes responding to an antigenic stimulus in human skin windows. At a critical stage (6–14 hr) of inflammation, in which migration of neutrophils was equalled by migration of lymphocytes, glycogen from neutrophils was shed as cytoplasmic particulates and fragments into the exudative fluids to gain access to the lymphocytes or, more commonly, glycogen transfer was effected by neutrophil-lymphocyte apposition. In such transfers, glycogen first surrounded the lymphocytic cytoplasmic membrane, became incorporated into the membrane, appeared in pinocytotic aggregates just beneath the membrane, and finally underwent dispersion and glycolysis within the cytoplasm. The small number of responding monocytes and histocytes similarly acquired additional glycogen from the neutrophils as they became activated to macrophages. In human skin windows, as in peripheral blood cultures, the infrequent monocytes were identified by direct measurements as well as by structural characteristics. In insulin-deficient patients, neutrophilic cytoplasmic glycogen accumulated in excessive amounts as transfer to lymphocytes failed.
Delaying Early Blight Onset in Potato with Thidiazuron

Alternaria solani is an opportunistic pathogen causing early blight in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Cytokinin growth regulators delay senescence. Can thidiazuron and kinetin, synthetic cytokinins, prolong the fungicidal activity of mancozeb and chlorothalonil-Zn against early blight? Trials were conducted from 2001 to 2005 on ‘Atlantic’ potato. Mancozeb and chlorothalonil-Zn were applied with and without Thidiazuron at 140, 280, and 560 g/ha, and kinetin at 1.5 g/ha in four applications starting at 400 physiological days. Early blight progress was monitored. Thidiazuron at 280 and 560 g/ha, and kinetin at 1.5 g/ha delayed disease onset by 4 and 2 days, respectively. Thidiazuron extended protection by the fungicides by 3 days. Kinetin did not. The AUDPCs showed a 33% decrease when thidiazuron was added to the fungicides. Thidiazuron, probably acting as a cytokinin, extended fungicidal activity on early blight progress in potato suggesting that using thidiazuron with fungicides may enhance plant protection against diseases.
Combined staining of protein-bound sulphydryl groups and DNA in polyacrylamide model systems.

A model system of polyacrylamide films containing protein and DNA has been used to examine the feasibility of combining the dihydroxydinaphthyldisulphide (DDD)-diazonium salt procedure for localizing protein-bound sulphydryl groups with the Feulgen technique for DNA to make possible the direct measurement of both these parameters simultaneously. Optimum conditions for the sulphydryl group reaction require reduction of the protein-containing films in 10% aqueous ammonium sulphide for 3 hr at 50°C followed by treatment with a DDD solution at 50°C for 4 hr. The final coloured product was developed in a solution of the diazonium salt, Fast Red TR, for 15 min. The azo compound thus produced was completely resistant to hydrochloric acid hydrolysis in the manner of the Feulgen reaction. Calculation of protein-bound sulphydryl groups and DNA from measurements made on doubly-stained films showed excellent agreement between the measured and the expected values.
Resampling and extreme value statistics in air quality model performance evaluation

Abstract Specific data analysis techniques that will reveal the performance of air quality models in simulating the measured concentrations' cumulative distribution are discussed in this paper. The paper presents two types of analysis to compare model predictions with the measurements. In one analysis, extreme value statistics and the fitting of tail exponential distributions to both measured and predicted values are used in various ways to see if the measured and predicted values fit such distributions and to what degree the higher values of the cumulative frequency distributions coincide. In the second analysis, a resampling (bootstrap) technique is used to develop non-parametric confidence intervals for the entire cumulative distribution of the measured concentrations, and to derive empirical distributions for central tendency statistics and for differences between measured and predicted mean and median values. The analysis is focused so as to show 1. (1) why the resampling is necessary and the degree to which mistaken judgements can be made with and without the technique and 2. (2) comparisons between the discriminating capabilities of ‘tail fit’ type model evaluation and one using the resampling technique. It is shown that both bootstrap and extreme value statistics are needed to quantify the uncertainty associated with the model predictions. These techniques are applied to the model predictions from RAM and measurements from the Regional Air Pollution Study data base to demonstrate their utility in the quantitative assessment of the model performance.
1457 GLYCEMIC EFFECT OF TRIGLYCERIDE INFUSION IN THE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT

Elevation of blood glucose is induced by triglyceride infusion in the newborn rat and in adult man either by stimulating gluconeogenesis or by decreasing glucose utilization. We evaluated the possibility of a glycemic response to triglyceride infusion in 9 infants with a birthweight of 1196±84 grams (M±SEM) and a gestational age of 30.0±0.5 weeks who were given a fat emulsion, 10% Intralipid (IL) at 6.5±0.7 days of age. All were clinically stable and were receiving glucose-amino acid infusions of 10.6±0.8 mg/kg/min of glucose and 1.7±0.2 g/kg/day of amino acids. A control period of one hour prior to IL infusion documented a steady-state of glucose (<±6% variation of plasma glucose). Subsequently IL was infused at the rate of 1 gm/kg over 2 hours in addition to the glucose-amino acid infusion continued at the same rate as control period. FFA availability produces a significant glycemic response despite a concomitant rise in plasma insulin suggesting either enhanced gluconeogenesis or diminished peripheral glucose uptake. Hyperglycemia should be considered a potential untoward effect of rapid fat emulsion infusion in the low birth weight infant.
Operational hindcasting of the tropical Pacific

Abstract Procedures have been implemented at the Climate Analysis Center of the National Meteorological Center (CAC/NMC) to provide montly hindcasts of oceanographic conditions in the tropical Pacific. A central component of this system is a primitive equation ocean general circulation model that was developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). This is forced with monthly mean fields for wind stress and net heat flux. Until recently the former were derived from ship reports available on the Global Telecommunication System (GTS). The heat fluxes are slightly modified climatological fluxes from Esbensen and Kushnir. To correct for errors in the simulations, thermal data in the upper 450 and surface-temperature data are assimilated montly. Numerical experiments were run to examine the sensitivity of the simulations to small changes in the stress fields. Variations of the drag coefficient by 15% result in differences in sea-surface temperature (SST) and subsurface thermal structure in the eastern Pacific that are comparable with the observed annual and interannual variability. Comparisons with simulations in which the wind stresses were derived from operational atmospheric analyses show sensitivities of the same magnitude. Comparisons of simulations forced either with these of ship-recorded winds to a run with data assimilation show that significant errors are found in both, especially in the off-equatorial regions. Consequently, until forcing fields are improved, accurate simulations will require the use of data assimilation.
In vitro activation of the alternative pathway of complement by settled grain dust

Settled grain dust was collected from several active grain elevators in the Superior-Duluth areas of the United States. Particle size distribution (47% less than 5 micrometer) and endotoxin contamination (429 ng/gm) of the dust were similar to those reported for the airborne parent dust. Human complement uas activated in vitro in a dose-response manner which could be quantified. This hemolytic consumption was via the alternative pathway as defined by ethylenediaminetertraacetic acid/ethylene-glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EDTA/EGTA) differential serum chelation, factor B conversion, and complement reductions in serum from guinea pigs deficient in C4. It is proposed that continuous low-dose exposure to aerosolized, biologically active rafter dust could contribute to the respiratory insult of grain workers.
Associations of Framingham risk score profile and coronary artery calcification with sleep characteristics in middle-aged men and women: Pittsburgh SleepSCORE study.

Background Short and less efficient sleep may be risk factors for atherosclerosis. Few studies have investigated the associations between sleep characteristics and early cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Objective Evaluate the associations between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and Framingham risk score profile with sleep characteristics in middle-aged men and women with no history of diagnosed myocardial infarction, interventional cardiology procedures, stroke, diabetes, or sleep disorders. Method 224 participants enrolled in an epidemiological study of disparities in CVD risk were recruited for a 9-night assessment of sleep, with 2 nights of polysomnography (PSG) and 9 nights of actigraphy and sleep diaries. Of the 224 participants, 110 had high/moderate Framingham risk scores and 114 had low scores; 195 had computed tomography measures of CAC. Results Individuals who had any CAC or higher Framingham risk scores had elevated apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) values, independent of age, race, and gender. The AHI association with CAC was nonsignificant in analyses adjusting for body mass index (BMI). Those with higher Framingham risk score profiles had shorter PSG sleep duration and less percent stage 3-4 and delta power sleep. High blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy were related to AHI and sleep duration, independent of BMI. Neither sleep duration nor efficiency was associated with CAC. Conclusions CAC was not associated with AHI, independent of BMI in a community-based sample of middle-aged men and women. Framingham risk score profiles were related to poor sleep. Sleep duration may not be related to early plaque burden in relatively healthy individuals.
Crystalline Structure and Dielectric Properties of Li1+x−yNb1−x−3yTix+4yO3M-Phase Solid Solutions

The structure and dielectric properties of the so-called M-phase solid solutions in the Li2O–Nb2O5–TiO2system have been investigated. Detailed studies of the lattice parameters of these phases agree well with structure models based on intergrowths of LiNbO3slabs with a titanium-rich corundum-type layer. The relative permittivity ranges from ∼80 to ∼55; microwave quality factors increase with the titanium content, reaching values of Q×f= 9000 at 6 GHz. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency changes sign within the solid solution region, thus permitting tunability to a zero value. All the compositions can be sintered to high density at temperatures ≤1100°C.
ISAM films deposited on fiber core, potential for photonic applications

The Ionically Self-Assembled Monolayer films were deposited layer by layer by repeatedly dipping a negatively charged substrate into cationic and anionic polymer solutions. This method has been shown to be inexpensive, easy and fast for ultra-thin film fabrication [1].
Real-Time Detection Of Multi-Colored Objects

Fast object recognition is critical for robots in the real world. However, geometry-based object recognition methods calculate the pose of the object as part of the recognition process and hence are inherently slow. As a result, they are not suitable for tasks such as searching for an object in a room. If pose calculation is eliminated from the process and a scheme is used that simply detects the likely presence of the object in a scene, considerable efficiency can be gained. This paper contains a discussion of the requirements of any searching task and presents a fast method for detecting the presence of known multi-colored objects in a scene. The method is based on the assumption that the color histogram of an image can contain object "signatures" which are invariant over a wide range of scenes and object poses. The resulting algorithm has been easily implemented in off-the-shelf hardware and used to build a robot system which can sweep its gaze over a room searching for an object.
STERIC EFFECTS ON BINDING O2, SO2 AND CH3I TO SQUARE-PLANAR IRIDIUM(I) COMPLEXES, trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(P(i-Pr)3)2 AND trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(P(t-Bu)2Me)2

Abstract Steric and electronic effects of phosphine ligands on binding of molecules to iridium(I) have been probed by studying reactions of O2, SO2 and CH3I with trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(P(i-Pr)3)2 and trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(P(t-Bu)2Me)2 for comparison to known reactions with trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)L2 (L = PPh3, P(p-tolyl)3 and PCy3). Reaction of O2 is significantly retarded by increasing size of the ligand while reaction of SO2 is essentially unaffected by the nature of the phosphine ligand. Reaction of CH3I with trans-Ir(CO)(Cl)(P(t-Bu)2Me)2 produces two products which have been characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy.
A new method for measuring cancellous bone erosion depth: Application to the cellular mechanisms of bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis

We have devised a new method for measurement of final depth of erosion in cancellous bone with an intra-individual precision of 4.3% and applied it to determine the mechanism of continuing reduction in trabecular thickness after menopause. Mean erosion depth (SD) was 40.8 (2.0) μm in 10 healthy postmenopausal women and 41.4 (2.1) μm in 10 age-matched patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis; the difference was not statistically significant. In contrast, wall thickness, using a method based on density differences between new and old bone, was 39.5 (2.0) μm in the normal subjects and 35.3 (2.0) μm in the patients with osteoporosis (p < 0.0001). The balance per remodeling cycle (ΔBMU) was −1.34 (2.49) μm in the normal subjects and −6.11 (1.95) μm in the patients with osteoporosis. This difference was also highly significant (p < 0.001). Indirect estimations of erosion depth and ΔBMU, based on the fall in trabecular thickness from an assumed premenopausal value of 147 μm and the number of remodeling cycles accumulated since menopause, agreed closely with the measured values. Erosion depth measured by the Eriksen method also showed no significant difference between the two groups, but because the values were substantially higher ΔBMU was improbably high in both groups, did not differ significantly between groups, and was inconsistent with the observed difference in trabecular thickness. We conclude that (1) the more rapid continuing loss of cancellous bone in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis than in age-matched control subjects is due entirely to a difference in wall thickness, not to a difference in erosion depth; and (2) defective recruitment and/or function of osteoblasts is the major cellular mechanism of trabecular thinning in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis and probably also in normal subjects. We emphasize that these conclusions do not speak to the mechanism of complete removal of trabeculae in the early years after menopause.
Reciprocity and Related Topics in Elastodynamics

Reciprocity theorems in elasticity theory were discovered in the second half of the 19th century. For elastodynamics they provide interesting relations between two elastodynamic states, say states A and B. This paper will primarily review applications of reciprocity relations for time-harmonic elastodynamic states. The paper starts with a brief introduction to provide some historical and general background, and then proceeds in Sec. 2 to a brief discussion of static reciprocity for an elastic body. General comments on waves in solids are offered in Sec. 3, while Sec. 4 provides a brief summary of linearized elastodynamics. Reciprocity theorems are stated in Sec. 5. For some simple examples the concept of virtual waves is introduced in Sec. 6. A virtual wave is a wave motion that satisfies appropriate conditions on the boundaries and is a solution of the elastodynamic equations. It is shown that combining the desired solution as state A with a virtual wave as state B provides explicit results for state A. Basic elastodynamic states are discussed in Sec. 7. These states play an important role in the formulation of integral representations and integral equations, as shown in Sec. 8. Reciprocity in 1-D and full-space elastodynamics are discussed in Secs. 9,10, respectively. Applications to a half-space and a layer are reviewed in Secs. 11,12. Section 13 is concerned with reciprocity of coupled acousto-elastic systems. The paper is completed with a brief discussion of reciprocity for piezoelectric systems. There are 61 references cited in this review article.
A Cyclic Voltammetry Cell for Small Sample Volumes

Abstract A stationary-solution voltammetry cell using a unique geometry for electrode placement is described. Semimicro working and auxiliary electrodes are contained in a small sample compartment, which is isolated from a larger reference compartment by a porous glass junction. The very simple design permits cyclic voltammetry to be conveniently performed with 25–50 μL volumes containing small amounts (typ. 5 μg) of rare synthetic or isolated metabolites.
Dynamic Analysis of Vascular Morphogenesis Using Transgenic Quail Embryos

Background: One of the least understood and most central questions confronting biologists is how initially simple clusters or sheet-like cell collectives can assemble into highly complex three-dimensional functional tissues and organs. Due to the limits of oxygen diffusion, blood vessels are an essential and ubiquitous presence in all amniote tissues and organs. Vasculogenesis, the de novo self-assembly of endothelial cell (EC) precursors into endothelial tubes, is the first step in blood vessel formation [1]. Static imaging and in vitro models are wholly inadequate to capture many aspects of vascular pattern formation in vivo, because vasculogenesis involves dynamic changes of the endothelial cells and of the forming blood vessels, in an embryo that is changing size and shape. Methodology/Principal Findings: We have generated Tie1 transgenic quail lines Tg(tie1:H2B-eYFP) that express H2B-eYFP in all of their endothelial cells which permit investigations into early embryonic vascular morphogenesis with unprecedented clarity and insight. By combining the power of molecular genetics with the elegance of dynamic imaging, we follow the precise patterning of endothelial cells in space and time. We show that during vasculogenesis within the vascular plexus, ECs move independently to form the rudiments of blood vessels, all while collectively moving with gastrulating tissues that flow toward the embryo midline. The aortae are a composite of somatic derived ECs forming its dorsal regions and the splanchnic derived ECs forming its ventral region. The ECs in the dorsal regions of the forming aortae exhibit variable mediolateral motions as they move rostrally; those in more ventral regions show significant lateral-to-medial movement as they course rostrally. Conclusions/Significance: The present results offer a powerful approach to the major challenge of studying the relative role(s) of the mechanical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of vascular development. In past studies, the advantages of the molecular genetic tools available in mouse were counterbalanced by the limited experimental accessibility needed for imaging and perturbation studies. Avian embryos provide the needed accessibility, but few genetic resources. The creation of transgenic quail with labeled endothelia builds upon the important roles that avian embryos have played in previous studies of vascular development.
The effect of target group size on risk judgments and comparative optimism: the more, the riskier.

In 5 experiments, college students exhibited a group size effect on risk judgments. As the number of individuals in a target group increased, so did participants’ judgments of the risk of the average member of the group for a variety of negative life events. This happened regardless of whether the stimuli consisted of photographs of real peers or stick-figure representations of peers. As a result, the degree to which participants exhibited comparative optimism (i.e., judged themselves to be at lower risk than their peers) also increased as the size of the comparison group increased. These results suggest that the typical comparative optimism effect reported so often in the literature might be, at least in part,a group size effect. Additional results include a group size effect on judgments of the likelihood that the average group member will experience positive and neutral events and a group size effect on perceptual judgments of the heights of stick figures. These latter results, in particular, support the existence of a simple, general cognitive mechanism that integrates stimulus numerosity into quantitative judgmentsabout that stimulus.
Metabolism of methfuroxam (2,4,5-trimethyl-N-phenyl-3-furancarboxamide) in the rat and isolated rat hepatocytes

Abstract Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated for 4 hr with [ phenyl -U- 14 C]2,4,5-trimethyl- N -phenyl-3-furancarboxamide ([ 14 C]methfuroxam). 14 C-Labeled metabolites were isolated by solvent extraction, column chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography, and were then characterized by analysis of infrared and mass spectra. Metabolism of [ 14 C]methfuroxam by isolated hepatocytes included: (1) hydroxylation of the 2-, 4-, and 5-methyl groups on the furan ring; (2) hydroxylation at the para position of the benzene ring; (3) combinations of 1 and 2; (4) the addition of a sulfur-containing adjunct to the methylfuran moiety; and (5) conjugation of 1–4. Rats given a single intragastric dose of [ 14 C]methfuroxam excreted 56% of the 14 C in the urine and 42% in the feces within 54 hr. Metabolism of [ 14 C]methfuroxam by the intact rats included: (1) hydroxylation of the methylfuran moiety; (2) hydroxylation of the benzene ring; (3) the addition of S -methyl, methyl sulfoxide, and other sulfur-containing groups to methfuroxam; (4) combinations of 1–3; and (5) conjugation of 1–4.
Dimensions of Working Hard: How Effort Affects Sales Performance and Job Satisfaction

Questions regarding what motivates people to perform their best and feel good about their jobs are of enduring interest to managers and researchers. Understanding the motives that impel top performance and make work satisfying can facilitate superior organisational performance and development of a healthy and productive organisational culture. Developing accurate models of the role of work‐related effort in generating performance and attitudinal outcomes is central to such an understanding and is the focus of our research. In particular, we have studied how effort affects work performance and job satisfaction in personal selling contexts.
MEASUREMENT OF THE TRIPLE-SCATTERING PARAMETER A IN PROTON-PROTON AND PROTON-CARBON SCATTERING AT 139 Mev

The proton-proton triple-scattering parameter A was measured at a laboratory energy of 139 Mev over a range of scattering angles theta /sub 2/. The following values were obtained: theta /sub 2/(lab) = 15 deg , -0.368 plus or minus 0.032; 20 deg , --0.344 plus or minus 0.03l; 25 deg , --0.311 plus or minus 0.035; 30 deg , -0.231 plus or minus 0.046; 35 deg , -0.187 plus or minus 0.058; 40 deg , --0.099 plus or minus 0.079. The parameter was also determined for p-carbon scattering at theta /sub 2/(lab) = 15 deg with a laboratory scattering energy of 138 1/2 Mev. The value obtained was --0.531 plus or minus 0.048. The measurements are subject to a systematic error that could shift all values of A up or down together by perhaps 4%. In the errors listed above, this systematic error was combined quadratically with the other errors, which are of a nonsystematic nature. (auth)
Quantum Monte Carlo study of the ground vibrational states of Ar2–6H2S clusters. A case of microsolvation

Abstract Using an ArH 2 S interaction potential derived from ab initio calculations, rigid body diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations have been carried out to obtain structural and energetic information for clusters of H 2 S with two to six argon atoms. The potential surfaces of each of the clusters exhibit multiple minima. The lowest-energy structures show a preference for argon atoms to surround H 2 S. Barriers between the lowest-lying minima tend to be small resulting in ground state rotational constants that differ from those of equilibrium structures by up to 100 MHz.
Subjective vs. Objective Discrimination in Government: Adding to the Picture of Barriers to the Advancement of Women:

Using the results of a recent survey of federal employees across the country, this paper examines the causes and consequences of "subjective discrimi nation" in the federal bureaucracy. It begins with the premise that percep tions of discrimination can be just as harmful to women and their organizations as the existence of any "objective" barriers to their advance ment. It explores the roots of two types of perceptions: that women in general face disparate treatment, and that a woman has personally experienced sex discrimination. Work-related experiences are the most important predictors of both types of perceptions, while working with more men than women increases the likelihood that women will believe women are discriminated against, and age plays a significant role in per ceptions of personal discrimination. Moreover, subjective discrimination is found to have an impact on the career choices made by women. While such perceptions are positively related to the likelihood that a woman will apply for promo...
Oncologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Changing Epidemiology, Treatments, and Special Considerations in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has revolutionized the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, malignancies in the setting of HIV infection remain an appreciable problem. We evaluated the changing epidemiology of HIV-related malignancies, optimal neoplastics and their effect on viral dynamics, and evidence regarding drug interactions between chemotherapy and antiretrovirals. A MEDLINE search (January 1966-June 2006) was performed to identify clinical trials, review articles, and meta-analyses; abstracts from HIV conferences were also searched. Survival of patients with HIV-related malignancies has substantially improved since the advent of HAART. Chemotherapy for malignancies in the HIV-positive population generally resembles that for the HIV-negative population, with trials revealing an elevated frequency of toxicities in HIV-positive patients. Studies of antineoplastics have shown no long-term adverse effects on viral dynamics in terms of immunologic or virologic HIV markers. Limited pharmacokinetic data with antineoplastics and antiretrovirals suggest possible changes in some pharmacokinetic parameters, but these results should be interpreted cautiously because of the small numbers of patients enrolled in the trials. Researchers also report an increased frequency of chemotherapy-related toxicities when HAART was coadministered with antineoplastics. This increase was likely due to impairment of cytochrome P450 metabolism of antineoplastics by protease inhibitors. Because of the survival benefits of HAART, the integration of antiretrovirals with chemotherapy is now preferred for patients with HIV-related malignancies. However, because the metabolic pathways of many of these agents are similar, the effectiveness of antineoplastic therapy and its related toxicities should be vigilantly monitored in this patient population.
Pulmonary vascular morphological changes in cirrhotic patients undergoing liver transplantation.

Cirrhosis and portal hypertension may be associated with pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary dysfunction. However, morphological pulmonary vascular lesions in patients with cirrhosis have not been well characterized morphometrically. We morphometrically evaluated pulmonary vessels in liver transplant recipients with pretransplantation cirrhosis and correlated our findings with pretransplantation cardiopulmonary function, postoperative course, and postmortem cardiopulmonary findings. Autopsy lung slides from 23 transplant recipients with pretransplantation cirrhosis were examined. External vessel diameter, intimal thickness, and arterial medial thickness were measured with a micrometer after pentachrome staining. The percent of total diameter comprised by intima or media was calculated for each vessel. Medical records were reviewed for smoking history, pretransplantation cardiopulmonary function testing, and postoperative course. Autopsy cases without liver or significant cardiopulmonary diseases, matched for age, sex, and smoking history, served as controls. Transplant recipients had significantly more pulmonary venous intimal thickening than matched controls (P < .0001). Sixty-five percent (15 of 23) of these patients had some degree of pretransplantation pulmonary dysfunction, defined by abnormalities in pulmonary function tests, oxygen saturation, and/or increased pulmonary artery pressures. However, the severity of venous intimal thickening did not correlate with the severity of pretransplantation pulmonary dysfunction. Arterial intimal and medial thickness were not statistically significantly different from controls. Pulmonary venous intimal thickening and resultant luminal impingement are morphological findings not previously described in this population. The arterial lesion, when present, is similar to that seen in pulmonary hypertension from other causes. These pulmonary vascular lesions may be implicated in pulmonary dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and may be associated with increased posttransplantation cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality.
Inhibitory Levels of Fluoride on Mammalian Cells

AS a preliminary to more detailed investigations of the cellular effects of fluorides, growth inhibitory levels have been determined on mammalian cells. Because of the widespread concern about possible toxic effects of fluoride when used for water fluoridation, these levels are of more than theoretical interest.
Multiple time scale method for atomistic simulations

A novel multiple time scale approach is proposed which combines dynamic and static atomistic methods in one numerical simulation. The method is especially effective for modeling processes that consist of two distinct phases: the slow phase when atomic equilibrium positions barely change and the fast phase associated with a rapid change of the system’s configuration. In this case, the slow phase can be effectively modeled using static energy minimization while molecular dynamics (MD) can be applied when specific dynamic effects have to be captured. Compared to direct MD simulations, the new method allows for computational cost savings, and eventually simulation timescale extension, since the major part of the simulation can be modeled as static, without the need to follow vibrations of individual atoms and comply with the critical time step requirement of molecular dynamics. As a result, this approach may allow for modeling loading velocities and strain rates that are more realistic than those currently attainable through direct MD simulations. The fundamental issues in developing this method include the correlation between the MD time scale and quasi-static step-like procedure as well as finding effective criteria for switching between the static and dynamic regimes. The method was inspired by and is applied to simulations of atomic-scale stick-slip friction. Possible applications of the new method to other nano-mechanical problems are also discussed.
Immunologic identification of exchange protein in rat brain synaptic plasma membrane

Abstract Polyclonal antibodies raised against partially purified dog cardiac Na Ca exchanger react with cardiac sarcolemmal proteins of 160, 120 and 70 kDa on SDS-PAGE. Using the same specific antiserum, we detected three prominent immunoreactive bands of about 150, 120 and 70 kDa on immunoblots with rat forebrain synaptic plasma membrane proteins. These data indicate that the Na Ca exchange protein in rat brain synaptic plasma membrane is structurally and antigenically similar to the exchange protein in dog cardiac sarcolemma.
Culture, category salience, and inductive reasoning

The role of category salience in category-based induction was demonstrated in two ways: (i) temporarily increasing category salience facilitated category-based induction, and (ii) this effect was moderated by cultural differences that we predicted would be related to chronic category salience. Subjects for whom categories were presumed to be more accessible (Americans) were not as much influenced by manipulations to increase category salience as subjects who were presumed to have lower chronic accessibility of categories (Koreans). However, as anticipated, this pattern was reversed for inferences about behavioral properties of social categories. Due to the 'interdependent' nature of their culture, Koreans presumably have relatively higher chronic accessibility for social categories than do relatively 'independent' Americans, and hence were not influenced as much by increasing category salience.
Acute radiation injury of the hands: Report of a case with a twenty-one year follow-up

Accidental, excessive exposure to therapeutic radiation of the hands is rare and some authors advocate early amputation of the part. A report of the treatment of excessive irradiation to both hands for verrucous lesions in an 18-year-old woman includes a 21 year follow-up without evidence of malignant degeneration.
Asynchronous switching output feedback control of discrete-time switched linear systems

In this paper, the problem of dynamic output-feedback control synthesis is addressed for discrete-time switched linear systems under asynchronous switching. The proposed hybrid controller consists of a standard dynamic output-feedback switching control law and an impulsive reset law induced by controller state jumps. Using the average dwell time technique incorporating with multiple quadratic Lyapunov functions, the switching control synthesis conditions for asymptotic stability with guaranteed weighted l2-gain performance are derived as a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The proposed hybrid synthesis scheme advances existing design methods for output-feedback asynchronous switching control of switched linear systems in two important aspects: LMI formulation of the synthesis problem; and arbitrary order of the controller state. A numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed design technique.
A multicenter phase I dose escalation trial to evaluate safety and tolerability of intra-arterial temozolomide for patients with advanced extremity melanoma using normothermic isolated limb infusion

l-phenylalanine mustard (LPAM) has been the standard for use in regional chemotherapy (RC) for unresectable in-transit melanoma. Preclinical data demonstrated that regional temozolomide (TMZ) may be more effective. Patients with AJCC Stage IIIB or IIIC extremity melanoma who failed previous LPAM-based RC were treated with TMZ via isolated limb infusion (ILI) according to a modified accelerated titration design. Drug pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis, tumor gene expression, methylation status of the O6-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter, and MGMT expression were evaluated. Primary objectives were to (1) determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TMZ via ILI and (2) explore biomarker correlates of response. 28 patients completed treatment over 2.5 years at 3 institutions. 19 patients were treated at the MTD defined as 3,200 mg/m2 [multiplied by 0.09 (arm), 0.18 (leg)]. Two of five patients had DLTs at the 3,600 mg/m2 level while only grade 1 (n = 15) and grade 2 (n = 4) clinical toxicities occurred at the MTD. At 3-month post-ILI, 10.5 % (2/19) had CR, 5.3 % (1/19) had PR, 15.8 % (3/19) had SD, and 68.4 % (13/19) had PD. Neither PK parameters of TMZ nor MGMT levels were associated with response or toxicity. In this first ever use of intra-arterial TMZ in ILI for melanoma, the MTD was determined. While we could not define a marker for TMZ response, the minimal toxicity of TMZ ILI may allow for repeated treatments to increase the response rate as well as clarify the role of MGMT expression.
SPECTRAL DIFFUSION ON ULTRALONG TIME SCALES IN LOW-TEMPERATURE GLASSES

A dynamical theory is constructed to describe spectral diffusion in glasses in the temperature range near 1 K on long time scales. The theory invokes interacting tunneling centers [two-level tunneling systems (TLS's)] which provide an excess contribution to the spectral hole width which qualitatively accounts for the deviation from standard logarithmic line broadening observed by Maier et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2085 (1996)]. Alternative explanation schemes of the nonlogarithmic line broadening, avoiding interacting TLS's, are discussed. We devise experimental tests which could be used to access the validity of the proposed theories.
The Imprint of the Imprints: Sojourners, Xiaoshuo Translations, and the Transcultural Canon of Early Chinese Fiction in Europe, 1697-1826

Abstract This paper posits that the circulation of the earliest items of Chinese fiction in early modern Europe was indebted to the popularity of certain titles within the Qing-dynasty book market on the one hand and to the participation of educated Chinese in the process of purchase, selection, and translation on the other. It further argues that European translations deployed specific features of Chinese imprints in order to differentiate translations from the hugely popular pseudo-Chinese transcreations, thereby seeking to establish textual authority for a philologically grounded Chinese voice. The paper terms this convergence of conceptual, material, and social factors in producing transculturally mediated texts “biblioglossia,” in order to capture aspects of textuality neglected or obscured in standard discussions of “orientalism.”
Effects of payoff information in multistage mixed‐motive games

A two-person multistage mixed-motive game (MMG) simulates the basic characteristics of interdependent conflicts. MMG is composed of several interconnected subgames in each of which a joint decision by the two players determines a payoff for each of them as well as the next subgame to be played. Three groups of subjects played the MMG, differing from one another in the amount of information possessed about the payoffs of the other player. It was found that as the amount of information decreased the percent of cooperative choices and the difference in gain within dyads increased. A model for MMG accounted for the stated policies of the majority of the subjects. Difficulties encountered in testing the model are discussed briefly.
Authenticity in College-Aged Males and Females, How Close Others are Perceived, and Mental Health Outcomes

Recently, constructs related to behaving authentically in relationships have been linked to self-esteem and depression. The current study aimed to fill an important gap in the literature by identifying several social-environmental factors that may be associated with dispositional authenticity—“the unobstructed operation of one’s core or true self in one’s daily enterprise” (Kernis and Goldman 2006, p. 294)—and determining whether these factors differ for males and females. Theoretical links between dispositional authenticity and perceptions of close relationship partners as more authentic and egalitarian were empirically examined. This study expanded on relational authenticity research, which has linked behaving authentically in relationships to higher self-esteem and less depressive symptomatology, to address whether females are more likely than males to display dispositional authenticity, as well as to report low self-esteem and depression when they engage in inauthenticity. Participants were 470 U.S. college students (318 female) who were recruited from colleges across the country (41 % from a liberal arts school, 31 % from a large public university) and completed questionnaires online. Path analysis indicated that both genders report more authenticity when they perceived their mothers to be more authentic; authenticity, in turn, was related to fewer depressive symptoms and greater self-esteem for both genders. For females only, authenticity was also positively related to the perceived authenticity of important nonparental adults, and a more traditional gender ideology was related to higher self-esteem; for males only, depressive symptoms were positively related to a more traditional gender ideology. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Eminence-Based Medicine Versus Evidence-Based Medicine: Is Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Optimally Performed With the Double-Bundle Technique?

AbstractThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) comprises 2 distinct bands or bundles—the anteromedial bundle, which is tighter in flexion, and the posterolateral bundle, which is tighter in extension. Traditional ACL reconstruction uses 1 graft. A new technique, known as the double-bundle technique, uses 2 tendon grafts to more closely approximate normal anatomy. Because the medical literature does not provide a definitive answer as to which reconstruction method is better, we surveyed 500 experts in sports medicine in a previous study to determine whether they agreed with the statement “ACL reconstruction is optimally performed with the double-bundle technique.” Respondants were inclined to answer “This statement is probably false.” Our article interprets the expert responses by reviewing the basic and clinical sciences implicit in the question and reviewing the literature regarding outcomes. We found that double-bundle ACL reconstruction is theoretically appealing, but evidence proving that it improves cl...
The feasibility of using image parameters for test pattern selection during OPC model calibration

Model based optical proximity correction (MB-OPC) is essential for the production of advanced integrated circuits (ICs). Calibration of these OPC resist models uses empirical fitting of measured test pattern data. It seems logical that to produce OPC models, acquiring more data will always improve the OPC model accuracy; on the other hand, reducing metrology and model build time is also a critical and continually escalating requirement with the constant increase in the complexity of the IC development process. A trade off must therefore be made to obtain adequate number of data points that produce accurate OPC models without overloading the metrology tools and resources. In this paper, we are examining the feasibility of using the image parameters (IPs) to select the test patterns. The approach is to base our test pattern selection only on the IPs and verify that the resulting OPC model is accurate. Another approach is to reduce the data gradually in different steps using IP considerations and see how the OPC model performance changes. A third, compromise approach is to specify a test pattern set based on IPs and add to that set few patterns based on different considerations. The three approaches and their results are presented in details in this paper.
Increased Glycosylation of Serum Human Chorionic Gonadotropin and Subunits from Eutopic and Ectopic Sources: Comparison with Placental and Urinary Forms

The role of carbohydrate in the heterogeneity of hCG and its subunits is unclear. To study this question, we chromatographed over Sephadex G-100 an extract of term placenta as well as sera from a woman in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and sera from two patients with nontrophoblastic malignancies. Samples were cochromatographed with radiolabeled urinary standards. hCG from first trimester pregnancy serum showed multiple peaks on G-100. The dominant peak eluted with an apparent molecular weight (72,000) higher than that of hCG from third trimester serum (63,000), urine (61,000), and placenta (59,000). hCG from both malignancy sera eluted with an apparent molecular weight (62,000) similar to that of hCG from third trimester and urinary hCG. Free hCGα from all sera eluted with a similar apparent molecular weight (29,000), which was higher than that of placental and urinary free α-subunit (22,000) and the α-subunit dissociated from intact hCG from all sources (22,000–23,000). The subunits were di...
Particle motion in the equatorial plane

A theoretical formulation has been made to describe the motion of bound particles in the equatorial plane of a concentric gravitational and dipole magnetic field. Exact expressions are obtained for the angular drift, angular drift velocity, and period of the particle about the dipole axis in terms of the normal complete elliptic integrals. More tractable results are obtained by a first-order approximation to the trajectory of the particle. This analysis is applicable to the motion of charged satellites or charged particles in the exosphere. The approximate results of the paper can be extended by using higher-order approximations.
A simple method for determination of ammonium in semimicro‐Kjeldahl analysis of soils and plant materials using a block digester

A simple method for determination of ammonium in semimicro‐Kjeldahl analysis of soils and plant materials using a Tecator or Technicon 40‐tube block digester is described. It involves use of an ine...
Comparative Investigation of the Electroelastic Dynamics of Piezoceramics With Interdigitated and Uniform Electrodes

Piezoelectric systems and structures have been used for decades in a variety of applications ranging from vibration control and sensing to morphing and energy harvesting. Conventional piezoelectric ceramics with uniform electrodes typically employ the 31-mode of piezoelectricity in bending, where the 3- and 1-directions are the directions of poling and strain, respectively. In order to employ the more effective 33-mode of piezoelectricity, Interdigitated Electrodes (IDEs) have been used recently in the design of the Macro-Fiber Composite (MFC). In this paper, an investigation into the two-way electroelastic coupling in bimorph cantilevers (in the sense of direct and converse piezoelectric effects) that employ IDEs for 33-mode operation is conducted. To this end, distributed-parameter electroelastic models are developed for the dynamic scenarios that involve two-way coupling, namely piezoelectric power generation and shunt damping as well as the problem of dynamic actuation. Various interdigitated MFC bimorph cantilevers are tested against the model under dynamic actuation, power generation, and shunt damping to identify their modal electromechanical coupling terms. Detailed investigations are conducted by decoupling the system dynamics to keep the direct and converse effects separately pronounced for parameter identification. Additionally, this work sheds light on the literature comparing the electrical power generation performances of 33-mode (interdigitated electrodes) and 31-mode (uniform electrodes) piezoelectric bimorphs of the same volume based on extensive experiments and distributed-parameter electroelastic modeling.Copyright © 2012 by ASME