cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THERMOGENESIS DUE TO EXERCISE AND COLD IN WARM- AND COLD-ACCLIMATED RATS

In both warm- and cold-acclimated rats, heat production was measured while the animals were at rest and running at maximum sustained effort at temperatures from 30 °C to those giving maximum thermo...
Simian adenovirus type 35 has a recombinant genome comprising human and simian adenovirus sequences, which predicts its potential emergence as a human respiratory pathogen

Emergent human and simian adenoviruses (HAdVs) may arise from genome recombination. Computational analysis of SAdV type 35 reveals a genome comprising a chassis with elements mostly from two simian adenoviruses, SAdV-B21 and -B27, and regions of high sequence similarity shared with HAdV-B21 and HAdV-B16. Although recombination direction cannot be determined, the presence of these regions suggests prior infections of humans by an ancestor of SAdV-B35, and/or vice versa. Absence of this virus in humans may reflect non-optimal conditions for zoonosis or incomplete typing, e.g., limited epitope-based. The presence of both a critical viral replication element found in HAdV genomes and genes that are highly similar to ones in HAdVs suggest the potential to establish in a human host. This allows a prediction that this virus may be a nascent human respiratory pathogen. The recombination potential of human and simian adenovirus genomes should be considered in the use of SAdVs as vectors for gene delivery in humans.
Historical review of internal state variable theory for inelasticity

A review of the development and the usages of internal state variable (ISV) theory are presented in this paper. The history of different developments leading up the formulation of the watershed paper by Coleman and Gurtin is discussed. Following the Coleman and Gurtin thermodynamics, different researchers have employed the ISV theory for dislocations, creep, continuum damage mechanics (CDM), unified-creep-plasticity (UCP), polymers, composites, biomaterials, particulate materials, multiphase and multiphysics materials, materials processing, multiscale modeling, integrating materials science (structure–property relations) into applied mechanics formulations, and design optimization under uncertainty for use in practical engineering applications.
Phosphocholine epitopes on helminth and protozoal parasites and their presence in the circulation of infected human patients.

Antigens containing phosphocholine (PC) circulate in the blood during chronic filarial infection. Because of the wide occurrence of such PC epitopes, we examined their specificity by evaluating 10 common parasites of humans for the presence of PC epitopes, and sera from patients infected with these parasites for circulating antigens containing PC. Immunoblot analysis of extracts from various parasites using an anti-PC monoclonal antibody (CA101) demonstrated the presence of PC epitopes on the protozoa Leishmania major and Trypanosoma cruzi, and on the helminths Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis, in addition to those previously described on Trichinella spiralis, Onchocerca volvulus and Brugia malayi. They were not detected on the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia or Plasmodium falciparum. Sera from 163 individuals with single protozoan or helminth infections were assayed for PC-bearing circulating antigens in a two-site immunoassay; such antigens were found in almost all patients infected with Wuchereria bancrofti; in half of those infected with S. stercoralis; and in 7–15% of those with S. mansoni, T. cruzi or L. donovani; none was detected in those with Trichinella, hookworm, Echinococcus, malaria, Giardia or amoebic infections. Thus, while detection of circulating PC-antigen as an immunodiagnostic assay for filariaisis could result in some ‘false positives’, it appears to be a potentially valuable immunodiagnostic tool that deserves wider field testing to determine its practical usefulness.
Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and osteoporosis: a meta-analysis

Studies determining the association between hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) and bone metabolism are mixed. We conducted a systematic review to assess the potential impact of statins on fractures, bone mineral density and bone markers. We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Federal Research in Progress (FEDRIP). Inclusion criteria consisted of human studies with measurable outcomes, which were rated as good or fair according to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. The effects of statins on bone mineral density (BMD), bone markers and fracture risk were independently extracted by two reviewers and were combined by use of a random-effects model. The 31 analyzed studies included 24 observational studies and seven randomized controlled trials. Overall, statin use was associated with fewer hip fractures (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.78) and improved hip BMD (Z score 0.12, 95% CI 0.05–0.19), with a non-significant reduction in vertebral fractures and no effect on vertebral BMD. In subgroup analysis of studies that involved only women there was a reduction in hip fractures (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.60–0.95) and improvement in hip BMD (Z score 0.11, 95% CI 0.04–0.18). Vertebral BMD was unchanged, and only one study reported on vertebral fractures, finding improvement. Statins had only small effects on bone markers, with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase [standardized mean difference (SMD) −0.18, 95% CI −0.34 to −0.01], an increase in NTX (SMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.07–0.71), with no effect on osteocalcin or CTX. The statistically significant improvement in hip fracture risk was seen only in case–control trials, not in either the eight prospective trials or the two randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Statins may have a beneficial impact on bone metabolism and fracture risk; randomized controlled trials are needed to explore this association.
Effective Lagrangian for the χ j + χ k - H l 0 interaction in the minimal supersymmetric standard model and neutral Higgs decays

We extend previous analyses of the supersymmetric loop correction to the neutral Higgs couplings to include the coupling {chi}{sub j}{sup +}{chi}{sub k}{sup -}H{sub l}{sup 0}. The analysis completes the previous analyses where similar corrections were computed for the {tau}{tau}H{sub l}{sup 0}, bbH{sub l}{sup 0}, ccH{sub l}{sup 0} and for ttH{sub l}{sup 0} couplings within the minimal supersymmetric standard model. The effective one-loop Lagrangian is then applied to the computation of the neutral Higgs decays. The sizes of the supersymmetric loop corrections of the neutral Higgs decay widths into {chi}{sub i}{sup +}{chi}{sub j}{sup -} (i=1, 2; j=1, 2) are investigated and the supersymmetric loop correction is found to be in the range of 7{approx}15% in significant regions of the parameter space. By including the loop corrections of the other decay channels bb, tt, {tau}{tau}, cc, and {chi}{sub i}{sup 0}{chi}{sub j}{sup 0} (i=1-4; j=1-4), the corrections to branching ratios for H{sub l}{sup 0}{yields}{chi}{sub i}{sup +}{chi}{sub j}{sup -} can reach as high as 40%. The effects of CP phases on the branching ratio are also investigated.
Nuclear properties of 242Cf, 243Cf, 244Cf and 245Cf

Abstract Irradiation of 242 Cm and 244 Cm by 3 He ions produced two new isotopes of californium; 242 Cf emits a 7.35 ± 0.01 MeV α-particle group and has a half-life of 3.2 ± 0.5 min, 243 Cf emits 7.06 ± 0.01 and 7.17 ± 0.01 MeV α-particle groups and decays with a half-life of 12.5 ± 1.0 min. New values for the α-particle energies and half-lives were obtained for 244 Cf and 245 Cf.
Effect of root competition and shading on growth of suppressed western hemlock ( Tsuga heterophylla )

Factors suppressing the growth of Tsuga heterophylla, western hemlock, (40–200 cm tall) were separated into aboveground and belowground components. Canopy manipulation by creating gaps produced approximately a 30–34% increase in the overall amount of light available. Growth of the previously suppressed T. heterophylla was increased by minimizing root competition by trenching around individuals and to a much lesser degree by altering the canopy. The combination of the two manipulations did now show a strong synergistic effect.
A novel constrained acetabular liner design with increased range of motion

One treatment strategy for recurrent dislocation after total hip arthroplasty is the use of a constrained acetabular component. A major drawback of currently available constrained components is the limited range of motion (ROM). We present a novel constrained component that employs a monopolar, highly cross-linked polyethylene liner with cutouts oriented to allow increased ROM, while maintaining constraint against dislocation. ROM and lever-out tests comparing this novel design with a conventional constrained component showed that the cutaway monopolar component allowed ROM substantially greater than a currently available design. The lever-out torque for the cutaway monopolar constrained component was 243% higher than the conventional constrained component. This novel constrained acetabular component offers promise for providing excellent constraint against dislocation, while maintaining a wide ROM.
Licking suppression and recovery as functions of contingency, locus, and frequency of punishment1

The suppression and recovery of a consummatory response (licking a sugar solution) was studied as a function of three parameters: (a) whether punishment was contingent upon the act or not, (b) locus of punishment application (tongue vs paws), and (c) frequency (zero to six trials). Shock temporarily suppressed responding in all groups, but only the Contingent Paw Shock group differed from the Control group in recovery time. Some conceptual considerations are suggested.
Neural networks for functional approximation and system identification

We construct generalized translation networks to uniformly approximate a class of nonlinear, continuous functionals defined on L p ([ 1,1] s ) for integer s 1, 1 p< 1 or C([1 ,1] s ). We obtain lower bounds on the possible order of approximation for such functionals in terms of any approximation process depending continuously upon a given number of parameters. Our networks almost achieve this order of approximation in terms of the number of parameters (neurons) involved in the network. The training is simple and noniterative; in particular, we avoid any optimization such as that involved in the usual back-propagation.
Effects of a behavioural rhythm on conception probability and pregnancy outcome.

Time series analyses have identified a weekday rhythm in human conception rates. The present analysis was based on 1.2 million North Carolina birth records for all deliveries beyond 18-20 weeks of gestation in the years 1979-91; 83% included a usable last menstrual period date. In the average week coital frequency peaks between midnight Saturday and noon on Sunday resulting in a clear excess of conceptions in cycles that have their 14th day on a Sunday. There was a secondary peak of births from cycles that began on Fridays. Average cycles that began on Monday had their most fertile day on the most likely day for intercourse translating a weekly insemination rhythm into a weekly conception rate rhythm. The secondary conception peak in Friday-onset cycles increased with age to become the major peak for mothers over 30 years of age. This finding suggests the presence of a previously unreported second type of cycle with a modal follicular phase length of 10 days the frequency of which increases with age. Advancing maternal age may increase the frequency of birth anomalies through an increased probability of fertilizations that are poorly timed relative to oocyte maturation.
Self-consistent analysis of radiation and relativistic electron beam dynamics in a helical wiggler using Lienard-Wiechert fields

Lienard-Wiechert (LW) fields, which are exact solutions of the Wave Equation for a point charge in free space, are employed to formulate a self-consistent treatment of the electron beam dynamics and the evolution of the generated radiation in long undulators. In a relativistic electron beam the internal forces leading to the interaction of the electrons with each other can be computed by means of retarded LW fields. The resulting electron beam dynamics enables us to obtain three dimensional radiation fields starting from an initial incoherent spontaneous emission, without introducing a seed wave at start-up. In this paper, we present electromagnetic radiation studies, including multi-bucket electron phase dynamics and angular distribution of radiation in the time and frequency domain produced by a relativistic short electron beam bunch interacting with a circularly polarized magnetic undulator.
QUALITY LOSS DURING TOMATO PASTE PRODUCTION VERSUS SAUCE STORAGE

Two studies were conducted to assess the extent of quality changes in tomato processing versus storage. For the processing study, tomato juice was vacuum concentrated into paste at 68C for 300 min (LT) or 85C for 34 min (ST) and samples taken at 5-26 °Brix. Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) degraded sooner during LT than ST, but reached equivalent final concentrations. The particle size decreased and hue angle increased during LT, but not ST. The viscosity decreased more during LT than ST There was no formation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF.) For the storage study, commercial tomato sauce was stored at 4 to 55C for 6 months. RAA degradation and HMF formation during storage were first order with activation energies of 77 and 70 KJ/mole, respectively. The particle size decreased at all storage temperatures, viscosity decreased at 45 to 55C and hue angle increased at 37 to 55C. In general, quality loss of tomato sauce during processing was greater than during storage. Deux etudes comparatives sont conduites pour evaluer les changement pendant la transformation et l'entreposage de sauce tomate. Les changements sont plus importants lors d'un procede a 68°C pendant 300mn qu'a 85°C pendant 34mn. Pendant l'entreposage d'une sauce tomate commerciale, la degradation de l'acide ascorbique et la formation de 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) suivent des cinetiques du premier ordre. En general, la perte de qualite pendant la transformation est plus importante que pendant l'entreposage.
V(D)J recombination in mammalian cell mutants defective in DNA double-strand break repair.

Abstract V(D)J recombination has been examined in several X-ray-sensitive and double-strand break repair-deficient Chinese hamster cell mutants. Signal joint formation was affected in four mutants (xrs 5, XR-1, V-3, and XR-V9B cells, representing complementation groups 1 through 4, respectively) defective in DNA double-strand break rejoining. Among these four, V-3 and XR-V9B were the most severely affected. Only in V-3 was coding joint formation also affected. Ataxia telangiectasia-like hamster cell mutants (V-E5 and V-G8), which are normal for double-strand break repair but are X ray sensitive, were normal for all aspects of the V(D)J recombination reaction, indicating that X-ray sensitivity is not the common denominator but that the deficiency in double-strand break repair appears to be. The abnormality at the signal joints consisted of an elevated incidence of nucleotide loss from each of the two signal ends. Interestingly, in complementation groups 1 (xrs 5) and 2 (XR-1), signal joint formation was within the normal range under some transfection conditions. This suggests that the affected gene products in these two complementation groups are not catalytic components. Instead, they may be either secondary or stochiometric components involved in the later stages of both the V(D)J recombination reaction and double-strand break repair. The fact that such factors can affect the precision of the signal joint has mechanistic implications for V(D)J recombination.
Arnold diffusion in the dynamics of a 4-machine power system undergoing a large fault

We focus on the seemingly complicated dynamics of a four-machine power system which is undergoing a sudden fault. Adopting a Hamiltonian (energy) formulation, we consider the system as an interconnection of (one degree of freedom) subsystems. Under certain configuration (a star network) and parameter values we establish the presence of Arnold diffusion which entails periodic, almost periodic, and complicated nonperiodic dyanmics all simultaneously present; and erratic transfer of energies between the subsystems. In section 1 we introduce the transient stability problem in a mathematical setting and explain what our results mean in the power systems context. Section 2 provides insights into Arnold diffusion and summarizes its mathematical formulation as in [8], [1]. Section 3 gives conditions for which Arnold diffusion arises on certain energy levels of the swing equations. These conditions are verified analytically in the case when all but one subsystem (machine) undergo relatively small oscillations.
Perspective on advances in resonance-region nuclear modeling and opportunities for future research

The advent of high-fidelity radiation-transport modeling capabilities, coupled with the need to analyze complex nuclear systems, has served to emphasize the importance of high-precision cross section data, including the associated covariance information. Due to the complex nature of resonance-region interactions, cross section data cannot be calculated directly from theory; rather, high-precision resonance-region cross section measurements must be made at facilities such as the Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator (ORELA) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Geel Electron Linear Accelerator (GELINA), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). To extract accurate cross section data from these measurements, detailed nuclear modeling of the measured data is performed to parameterize the cross section behavior in the resonance range. The objective of this paper is to highlight recent advances in resonance-region nuclear modeling with particular emphasis on the covariance analysis capabilities. Opportunities for future research are identified in an effort to stimulate further advances in the state of the art nuclear modeling capabilities.
Application of a Tractive Energy Analysis to Quantify the Benefits of Advanced Efficiency Technologies for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Trucks Using Characteristic Drive Cycle Data

Accurately predicting the fuel savings that can be achieved with the implementation of various technologies developed for fuel efficiency can be very challenging, particularly when considering combinations of technologies. Differences in the usage of highway vehicles can strongly influence the benefits realized with any given technology, which makes generalizations about fuel savings inappropriate for different vehicle applications. A model has been developed to estimate the potential for reducing fuel consumption when advanced efficiency technologies, or combinations of these technologies, are employed on highway vehicles, particularly medium- and heavy-duty trucks. The approach is based on a tractive energy analysis applied to drive cycles representative of the vehicle usage, and the analysis specifically accounts for individual energy loss factors that characterize the technologies of interest. This tractive energy evaluation is demonstrated by analyzing measured drive cycles from a long-haul trucking fleet and the results of an assessment of the fuel savings potential for combinations of technologies are presented. The results of this research will enable more reliable estimates of the fuel savings benefits that can be realized with particular technologies and technology combinations for individual trucking applications so that decision makers can make informed investment decisions for the implementation of advanced efficiencymore » technologies.« less
Order out of chaos: assembly of ligand binding sites in heparan sulfate.

▪ Abstract Virtually every cell type in metazoan organisms produces heparan sulfate. These complex polysaccharides provide docking sites for numerous protein ligands and receptors involved in diverse biological processes, including growth control, signal transduction, cell adhesion, hemostasis, and lipid metabolism. The binding sites consist of relatively small tracts of variably sulfated glucosamine and uronic acid residues in specific arrangements. Their formation occurs in a tissue-specific fashion, generated by the action of a large family of enzymes involved in nucleotide sugar metabolism, polymer formation (glycosyltransferases), and chain processing (sulfotransferases and an epimerase). New insights into the specificity and organization of the biosynthetic apparatus have emerged from genetic studies of cultured cells, nematodes, fruit flies, zebrafish, rodents, and humans. This review covers recent developments in the field and provides a resource for investigators interested in the incredible dive...
Atherosclerosis of the descending aorta predicts cardiovascular events: a transesophageal echocardiography study

Previous studies have shown that atherosclerosis of the descending aorta detected by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a good marker of coexisting coronary artery disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the presence of atherosclerosis on the descending aorta during TEE has any prognostic impact in predicting cardiovascular events. The study group consisted of 238 consecutive in-hospital patients referred for TEE testing (135 males, 103 females, mean age 58 +/- 11 years) with a follow up of 24 months. The atherosclerotic lesions of the descending aorta were scored from 0 (no atherosclerosis) to 3 (plaque >5 mm and/or "complex" plaque with ulcerated or mobile parts). Atherosclerosis was observed in 102 patients, (grade 3 in 16, and grade 2 in 86 patients) whereas 136 patients only had an intimal thickening or normal intimal surface. There were 57 cardiovascular events in the follow-up period. The number of events was higher in the 102 patients with (n = 34) than in the 136 patients without atherosclerosis (n = 23, p =2 (HR 2.4, CI 1.0–5.5) predicted hard cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis of the descending aorta observed during transesophageal echocardiography is a useful predictor of cardiovascular events.
COMPARING RESOURCE PULSES IN AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS

Resource pulses affect productivity and dynamics in a diversity of ecosystems, including islands, forests, streams, and lakes. Terrestrial and aquatic systems differ in food web structure and biogeochemistry; thus they may also differ in their responses to resource pulses. However, there has been a limited attempt to compare responses across ecosystem types. Here, we identify similarities and differences in the causes and consequences of resource pulses in terrestrial and aquatic systems. We propose that different patterns of food web and ecosystem structure in terrestrial and aquatic systems lead to different responses to resource pulses. Two predictions emerge from a comparison of resource pulses in the literature: (1) the bottom-up effects of resource pulses should transmit through aquatic food webs faster because of differences in the growth rates, life history, and stoichiometry of organisms in aquatic vs. terrestrial systems, and (2) the impacts of resource pulses should also persist longer in terrestrial systems because of longer generation times, the long-lived nature of many terrestrial resource pulses, and reduced top-down effects of consumers in terrestrial systems compared to aquatic systems. To examine these predictions, we use a case study of a resource pulse that affects both terrestrial and aquatic systems: the synchronous emergence of periodical cicadas (Magicicada spp.) in eastern North American forests. In general, studies that have examined the effects of periodical cicadas on terrestrial and aquatic systems support the prediction that resource pulses transmit more rapidly in aquatic systems; however, support for the prediction that resource pulse effects persist longer in terrestrial systems is equivocal. We conclude that there is a need to elucidate the indirect effects and long-term implications of resource pulses in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Copper plating the ground test accelerator RFQ

The copper-plating process for the ground test accelerator (GTA) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) vanes required a full development program and tight quality control procedures. The authors discuss the GTA RFQ copper-plating critical issues; the plating-fixture development; the copper-plating processes; RFQ plating specifications as they apply to thickness, uniformity and adhesion; and the quality assurance procedures. The copper plating development program utilized full-size RFQ major and minor vane mockups to develop plating fixturing and to establish the plating parameters necessary to meet the GTA RFQ plating specifications. After several modifications to the fixturing and plating processes, the mockup vanes were copper plated to GTA specifications and the actual GTA RFQ could then be copper plated. This development technique, using full-size mockups for establishing reliable and accurate plating fixtures and processes, is the key to success for copper-plating. >
Optical Processing of Simulated IF Pulse-Doppler Signals

The potentially wide bandwidth and large storage capacity of optical recording and processing systems leads naturally to consideration of direct IF recording. A method of recording and processing IF pulse-Doppler signals is presented and it is shown how ambiguities are reduced, compared to video processing, in the manner expected from sampling theory. Processing of a linearly varying Doppler frequency is also discussed. Experimental results with simulated constant frequency and linearly varying frequency recordings are shown.
The lipid bilayer modulates the structure and function of an ATP-binding cassette exporter

ATP-binding cassette exporters use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to transport substrates across membranes by switching between inward- and outward-facing conformations. Essentially all structural studies of these proteins have been performed with the proteins in detergent micelles, locked in specific conformations and/or at low temperature. Here, we used luminescence resonance energy transfer spectroscopy to study the prototypical ATP-binding cassette exporter MsbA reconstituted in nanodiscs at 37 °C while it performs ATP hydrolysis. We found major differences when comparing MsbA in these native-like conditions with double electron-electron resonance data and the crystal structure of MsbA in the open inward-facing conformation. The most striking differences include a significantly smaller separation between the nucleotide-binding domains and a larger fraction of molecules with associated nucleotide-binding domains in the nucleotide-free apo state. These studies stress the importance of studying membrane proteins in an environment that approaches physiological conditions.
Optimal Bilinear Control Theory Applied to Pest Management

The purpose of the paper is to visualize ecological systems as bilinear control systems and to categorize existing optimal bilinear control theory applied to the management of pest populations. Both lumped bilinear control model describing total number of populations and distributed bilinear control model representing the age distribution of a population are developed. Optimal bilinear control strategies are given as solutions of two-point boundary value problems.
Comment on dates from a resin-coated sherd from Spirit Cave, Thailand

Part of the enormous importance of the Spirit Cave pottery lies in the early date (7500BP) implied by radiocarbon dates from charcoal associated with some of the sherds. This was challenged by Lampert et al. who directly dated one Spirit Cave sherd from its resin to 3000 BP (Antiquity 77: 126–133). But here Joyce White argues that the stratigraphic context and typology of the dated sherd do not provide a valid basis to support a revision of dating for the earliest sherds. A response from Lampert et al. follows.
Protein Patterns in Monkey Oviductal Fluid Before and After Ovulation

A study was designed to evaluate the electrophoretic patterns of monkey tubal fluid collected continuously before during and after ovulation through the use of an improved system of continuous collection. The tubal fluid was collected continuously under refrigeration for 6 days or more in 8 rhesus monkeys. Protein patterns were evaluated daily by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Before ovulation the pattern was similar to that observed in serum; following ovulation a protein not seen in serum was observed. This protein which migrated behind transferrin was not noted in 2 anovulatory animals but did appear prior to ovulation in 1 in which the uterotubal junction had not been ligated. The significance if any of this separate protein in the reproductive economy is as yet unclear.
Magnetic dipolar interactions in solid gold nanosphere dimers.

We report the first observation of a magnetic dipolar contribution to the nonlinear optical (NLO) response of colloidal metal nanostructures. Second-order NLO responses from several individual solid gold nanosphere (SGN) dimers, which we prepared by a bottom-up approach, were examined using polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) spectroscopy at the single-particle level. Unambiguous circular dichroism in the SH signal was observed for most of the dimeric colloids, indicating that the plasmon field located within the interparticle gap was chiral. Detailed analysis of the polarization line shapes of the SH intensities obtained by continuous polarization variation suggested that the effect resulted from strong magnetic-dipole contributions to the nanostructure’s optical properties.
Congenital ossifying fibroma (osteofibrols dysplasia) of the tibia - A case report

Ossifying fibromas of the large bones of the leg are benign lesions occurring in the paediatric age group, identical in histological appearance to the similarly named tumour of the jaw in adults They present most frequently after minor trauma with symptoms of swelling of the tibia or fibula which may or may not be painful. Pathological fracture or limp are occasional presentations. Congenital cases are extremely rare. We describe an otherwise normal male neonate in whom at birth the right tibia was noted to be twisted, of normal length, with a firm mass anteriorly. Plain x-rays showed a mixed lytic and sclerotic lesion in the proximal metaphysis. Biopsy showed collagenous stroma containing plump spindle cells and irregular trabeculae of woven bone rimmed by plump osteoblasts. A diagnosis of ossifying fibroma (osteofibrous dysplasia) was made and so no further surgical treatment was undertaken. The differential diagnosis includes fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, adamantinoma and chronic osteomyelitis. Lesions such as pseudarthrosis associated with neurofibromatosis, aneurysmal bone cyst, fibrous histiocytoma, fibromatosis, eosinophilic granuloma, myofibromatosis, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, have all been described arising in a congenital form and need to be excluded. A conservative therapeutic approach is generally recommended. Close clinical and radiological follow-up in the reported case over six months has shown evidence of regression of the lesion. If surgery is indicated, for example where the risk of pathological fracture is high, wide local excision is the favoured surgical treatment, as local recurrence frequently occurs after curettage. There is no place for radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Electrochemically modulated nitric oxide (NO) releasing biomedical devices via copper(II)-Tri(2-pyridylmethyl)amine mediated reduction of nitrite.

A controllable and inexpensive electrochemical nitric oxide (NO) release system is demonstrated to improve hemocompatibility and reduce bacterial biofilm formation on biomedical devices. Nitric oxide is produced from the electrochemical reduction of nitrite using a copper(II)-tri(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (Cu(II)TPMA) complex as a mediator, and the temporal profile of NO release can be modulated readily by applying different cathodic potentials. Single lumen and dual lumen silicone rubber catheters are employed as initial model biomedical devices incorporating this novel NO release approach. The modified catheters can release a steady, physiologically-relevant flux of NO for more than 7 days. Both single and dual lumen catheters with continuous NO release exhibit greatly reduced thrombus formation on their surfaces after short-term 7-h intravascular placement in rabbit veins (p < 0.02, n = 6). Three day in vitro antimicrobial experiments, in which the catheters are “turned on” for only 3 h of NO release each ...
The Transmission of the Book of the Covenant

MODERN critics understand by 'The Book of the Covenant' the miscellaneous collection of laws found in Exodus 20, 99 23, 19 and its appendix (93, 20-33). This title is taken from 24, 7, a verse that is manifestly redactional and post-exilic.' We may surmise that this verse and, indeed, the whole account of the ratification of these laws (24, 3-8) were inserted here very shortly after the code of laws was placed in its present context. In its extant form, as part of the final edition of the Pentateuch published about 400 B.C., the Covenant Code is obviously not all of one piece: its miscellaneous contents and the confused structure of the whole betray by unmistakable signs the traces of successive editorial additions over a period of more than half a millennium. An attempt will be made in the present discussion to identify the main stages of this development and to characterize the chief component parts of the Book of the Covenant, utilizing the numerous and valuable investigations on the subject.2
Preparation and Magnetoresistance of Lanthanum Manganites and Silver Chalcogenide Thin Films

The effect of texture and orientation on the resistance (0T and 6T) and magnetoresistance (MR) of Lal-xCaxMnO3 (LCMO) and Ag2Te thin films on various substrates has been investigated. Similar features were found in the MR dependence of thin films of these compounds despite the fact that they belong to different types of MR materials. Epitaxial or strongly oriented films exhibit a peaked MR behavior while for polycrystalline films this curve does not have sharp features. Sign reversal effect of MR was found also in thin films of Ag2Te. MR changes from positive at transverse field-,current orientation to negative at parallel orientation.
Analysis on the survey of cockroaches in Taizhou city

Objective To analyze the density and seasonal dynamics of cockroaches in Taizhou city and provide Scientific evidence for controlling cockroaches.Methods Sticky trap method was applied.Results Cockroaches appeared all month from 2009 to 2013,and the yearly average density rose from 0.86(2009) to 1.69 per sheet(2013) with the infestation rate of 5.79%,6.28%,6.00%,8.50%,10.46% respectively.The highest infestation rate appeared in farm product fair.Blattella germanica was the dominant species followed by Periplaneta americana and Periplaneta fuliginosa.It accounted for 99.32% Conclusion The density and infestation rate are both in uptrend from 2009 to 2013.Local authority should strengthen efforts on controlling cockroaches,especially in food product fairs.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Managers' Whistleblowing Tendencies

In a global marketplace, managers often face major difficulties when it comes to handling ethical problems within a different cultural context. Whistleblowing is one possible response to ethical problems. This study considers the differences in culture between a United States sample of managers and a Jamaica, West Indies sample of managers using Hofstede's (1991) theory of International Cultures. The study explores how those cultural differences may help in our understanding of the differences in reported whistleblowing tendencies.
The Command to Nature

During a moment of explanatory transit in his book A Defense of Poetry: Reflections on the Occasion of Writing, Paul H. Fry makes an arresting comment. Pointing to two of this book‘s major exhibits — ‘The Old Cumberland Beggar’ and ‘Tintern Abbey’ — Fry observes how ‘Wordsworth puts his most disarming form of apostrophe, the one in which nature is told to do … what it would have done anyway, to an unusual purpose which gains its effect precisely from the appearance of having told things to go ahead and be themselves.’1 From the canonical precedents of Wordsworth to Jane Taylor’s 1806 lyrics for the poem ‘The Star,’ which we all know popularly as ‘Twinkle, twinkle little star,’ a grouping of major poems from the British romantic period relies on delivering such commands to nature to obtain their full effects.2 These poems and effects constitute the subject of this chapter, which sustains a particular focus on how ‘Tintern Abbey’ responds to what one important feminist critic has called ‘the uncontrollability of real things.’3 An obvious question follows. How does that independent Real sort with the poetry whose vocal register moves toward, or upon the premises of, command? Or can it?
Cyclic and seismic response of single piles in improved and unimproved soft clays

Presented in this paper are results of two centrifuge tests on single piles installed in unimproved and improved soft clay (a total of 14 piles), with the relative pile–soil stiffness values varying nearly two orders of magnitude, and subjected to cyclic lateral loading and seismic loading. This research was motivated by the need for better understanding of lateral load behavior of piles in soft clays that are improved using cement deep soil mixing (CDSM). Cyclic test results showed that improving the ground around a pile foundation using CDSM is an effective way to improve the lateral load behavior of that foundation. Depending on the extent of ground improvement, elastic lateral stiffness and ultimate resistance of a pile foundation in improved soil increased by 2–8 times and 4–5 times, respectively, from those of a pile in the unimproved soil. While maximum bending moments and shear forces within piles in unimproved soil occurred at larger depths, those in improved soil occurred at much shallower depths and within the improved zone. The seismic tests revealed that, in general, ground improvement around a pile is an effective method to reduce accelerations and dynamic lateral displacements during earthquakes, provided that the ground is improved at least to a size of 13D × 13D × 9D (length × width × depth), where D is the outside diameter of the pile, for the pile–soil systems tested in this study. The smallest ground improvement used in these tests (9D × 9D × 6D), however, proved ineffective in improving the seismic behavior of the piles. The ground improvement around a pile reduces the fundamental period of the pile–soil system, and therefore, the improved system may produce larger pile top accelerations and/or displacements than the unimproved system depending on the frequency content of the earthquake motion.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Translocation (2;14)(p16;q32): A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

We report the case of a young African American male with no significant past medical history presenting with low back and bilateral leg pain; presenting CBC and chemistries revealed elevated white blood cell count of 250,000, with anemia (Hb 6.8 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (platelets 9 K/μL), and elevated LDH, 1008. Physical examination findings were notable for diffuse lymphadenopathy and lower extremity skin nodules. Interestingly the bone marrow biopsy revealed involvement by CLL/SLL with translocation (2;14)(p16;q32) and trisomy 12. The patient was treated with fludarabine-based chemotherapy and steroids for CLL-related ITP with excellent response. After three cycles of chemotherapy, all the enlarged lymph nodes and skin nodules disappeared, and patient had achieved complete hematologic response. In this paper we also reviewed the available literature of CLL patients with translocation (2;14).
Banning Therapy to Change Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity in Patients Under 18.

Five U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and one Canadian province have enacted laws forbidding the practice by mental health professionals of what is commonly termed “conversion therapy” or “reparative therapy.” In a person younger than 18, such therapy is meant to change sexual
Noninvasive Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Lessons from a Community-Based Endocrine Surgical Practice.

Objective. Retrospective studies have found that noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer (EFVPTC) exhibits highly indolent clinical behavior. We studied the clinical features of our patients with noninvasive EFVPTC tumors culled from a community endocrine surgical practice registry over the past four years. Methods. We interrogated the Memorial Center for Integrative Endocrine Surgery (MCIES) Registry for all recorded encapsulated follicular variant of papillary cancer pathologic diagnoses. We identified a subgroup of patients without capsular or vascular invasion and studied their clinical characteristics. Results. Thirty-seven patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The typical patient was young and female. Nodules averaged 3.1 cm in greatest dimension by ultrasound evaluation. Thirteen patients were found to have synchronous malignancies elsewhere in the thyroid (35%). At the time of this writing, we have not seen a clinical recurrence in any of our 37 noninvasive EFVPTC patients. Conclusions. Early clinical follow-up data suggests that the majority of noninvasive EFVPTC tumors exhibit indolent behavior, but clinical decision-making with regard to completion thyroidectomy, central lymph node dissection, and adjunctive radioiodine therapy often depends on the amount and type of synchronous thyroid cancer detected elsewhere in the thyroid gland and the central neck.
Chemical Synthesis of Meridianins and Related Derivatives

Abstract The meridianins are alkaloids characterized by an indole framework bearing a 2-aminopyrimidine ring at the 3-position. These structures are emerging as valuable pharmacophores following their discovery in the late 1990s and exhibit a wide range of potent biological activities. Modification of derivatives have been a fruitful endeavor and lead to new and/or improved biological activities. Syntheses of these targets have developed from the step-inefficient Bredereck protocol, to a more elegant focus on transition metal catalysis. The disclosed review concerns the synthesis of meridianins and related structures.
The art of not seeing like a state. On the ideology of “informality”

AbstractThe concept of “informality” was introduced by anthropologist Keith Hart in the 1970s to point to the economic significance of unregistered labour practices in Ghana. It constitutes an attempt to create a dialogue between anthropology’s local perspective and the state-centered theoretical framework of established social science and economics models derived primarily from the study and common sense of modern, Western society. The concept of “informality” can only be so successful because it accepts the basic premises and implicit ideology of the state-centered discourse it enters into. The concept tacitly acknowledges the analytically subordination of practices not bureaucratically registered. Stressing the importance of practices outside state registration and bureaucratic organisation in a wider interdisciplinary discourse remains valuable and much needed. Therefore the concept of “informality” rightfully continues to receive much attention. Yet, when it’s ideological baggage and analytical limit...
Vector Quantization II:Optimality and Design

We now turn to the optimality properties of vector quantizers, the vector extensions of the properties developed in Chapter 6. Such properties aid in the design of good quantizers by giving simple conditions that a quantizer must satisfy if it is to be optimal and by giving a simple iterative technique for improving a given quantizer. This technique yields the generalized Lloyd algorithm for codebook design, the most widely used method for designing good vector quantizers. We also explore the additional structure of a class of quantizers that is particularly amenable to low complexity implementation: polytopal quantizers. Unlike Chapter 6 the approximations to the optimal performance for high resolution quantizers are not explored in depth. A few of the ideas are sketched, but the detailed developments are left to the literature. See in particular Chapter 5 of [159] and the original references such as [347], [348], [349], [137], [345], [38].
A transformação do capital financeiro

Este artigo enfoca acontecimentos recentes, relacionados a moeda e ao sistema bancario, que dominaram o nosso contexto economico. Uma premissa basica da analise apresentada e a de que as modalidades especificas de regulacao monetaria sao decisivas para moldar o padrao de crescimento das economias capitalistas avancadas. Temos testemunhado uma transformacao na natureza do capital financeiro, cujas principais caracteristicas representam o tema central deste artigo. Os efeitos cumulativos, derivados de tal acontecimento, ameacam a estabilidade do nosso sistema economico e, portanto, precisam ser redirecionados por politicas coordenadas.AbstractThis paper focuses on recent developments concerning money and banking, have come to dominate our socio economic context. A basic premise of the analysis presented here is that the precise modalities of money's regulation play a decisive role in shaping the growth pattern of advanced capitalist economies. We have witnessed a transformation in the nature of financial capital, whose principal features form the central focus of our paper. The cumulative effects of these developments threaten the stability of our economic system, and therefore need to be redirected by coordinated police action.Key-words: Money, Banks, Finance – United States. Monetary policy. Monetary reform
IL-6 variant is associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients.

Introduction Although tumor metastases remain significant drivers of mortality, the genetic factors that increase the risks of metastases are not fully identified. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has emerged as an important factor in breast cancer progression with IL-6 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants shown to affect survival. We hypothesized that SNPs of the IL-6 promoter at rs1800795 in breast cancer patients are associated with distant metastases. Methods We performed an initial case-control study using Vanderbilt University Medical Center's BioVU, a genomic biobank linked to de-identified electronic medical records in the Synthetic Derivative database, to identify germline SNPs that may predict the development of metastatic disease to any site from any solid tumor including breast cancer. We identified a SNP in IL-6: rs1800795 to be of significance and evaluated this finding using a separate, matched-pair cohort of breast cancer patients with and without metastases from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. Results The initial study suggested that GG relative to CG at rs1800795 (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.14-2.02; p = 0.004) was significantly associated with the development of metastases. This association was also observed in the Ohio State University cohort (OR 2.23; 95% CI 1.06-4.71; p = 0.001). There were no significant relationships between rs1800795 status and any patient or tumor characteristics, including estrogen receptor status. Conclusions These findings suggest that GG SNP at IL-6: rs1800795 may indicate an increased risk of metastasis of primary breast cancer. Further studies in larger population sets are warranted as advanced screening and prophylactic intervention might be employed in GG carriers.