cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Critical Illness and the Long Term Sequela of Critical Care

Although advances in intensive care have enabled more patients to survive an acute illness they have also created a large and growing population of patients with prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation and other intensive care therapies. The term “chronically critically ill” was coined for this group of patients by girard and rafin in a 1985 article that asked in its title “to save or let die?” [1] they focused on patients who survived an initial episode of critical illness but remained dependent on intensive care, neither dying in the acute period of intensive care unit treatment no recovering. Chronic critical illness (cci) is usually defined as an icu patient who requires more than 21 days of assisted ventilation. The placement of a tracheostomy for long term ventilation is used by many to identify cci patients [2]. Although prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation is a hallmark of cci, cci is not simply an extended period of acute critical illness but a discreet syndrome including profound weakness attributed to myopathy, neuropathy, alterations in body, anasarca, neuroendocrine changes, brain dysfunction manifesting as coma or delirium, increased vulnerability to infections and skin breakdown leading to decubital ulceration [3–6].
Online discussions in a doctoral research methods course: ‘Like a text by many authors’

In this mixed-methods study, we investigated how doctoral students used asynchronous online discussions that were added to a face-to-face research methods course. We focused specifically on what sociocognitive tools the students used and what they thought about the value of the online discussions for their learning. Our data included three online whole-class discussions from the course and students’ self-evaluations, which they completed three times during the semester. Our findings support the usefulness of online discussions in providing a site where students could draw on a rich repertoire of tools and strategies as well as on the knowledge of others to enhance their thinking and understanding of theory and research.
Factors Related to HIV Testing Among an African American Church-Affiliated Population

HIV continues to disproportionately impact communities of color, and more calls are being extended to African American churches to assist in HIV education and screening efforts. However, no studies have reported on the HIV testing practices of African American church-affiliated persons. This study examines demographic, social, and behavioral factors associated with ever receiving an HIV test and last 12-month HIV testing. Findings indicated not having insurance and condom use were predictors of ever receiving an HIV test. Predictors of HIV testing in the last 12 months included marital status (i.e., single, divorced, separated, or widowed) and intentions to get tested for HIV in the near future. These predictors should be considered when designing HIV education and screening interventions for African American church settings.
Investigation of overlap correction techniques for the Micro-Pulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET)

The Micro-Pulse Lidar NETwork (MPLNET) uses elastic-scattering lidars stationed at sites around the globe to produce aerosol and cloud vertical profiles on a continuous year-round basis. Processing of MPLNET data requires a correction for the lidar overlap function in the 0-6 km range, to take into account the loss in near-field receiver efficiency. This correction is normally determined from recording horizontal profiles that require a /spl sim/10 km clear line-of-sight and homogeneous atmospheric conditions, limiting the practicality in which successful corrections can be obtained. An alternative overlap correction method using a secondary receiver is considered that eliminates the need for horizontal measurements. A review of both methods is presented, including a discussion of signal uncertainties.
Regulation of the Genes of the Bithorax Complex in Drosophila

The bithorax complex (BX-C) is a set of master control genes that regulates other genes outside the complex to program much of the development of the thorax and abdomen of the fly. The emphasis in this paper will be on how the genes of the complex are themselves regulated, rather than on how they regulate other genes.
Binning Method for Mapping Irregularly Distributed Continuous Resistivity Profiling Data onto a Regular Grid for 3-D Inversion

Continuous resistivity profiling (CRP) is an emerging direct current (DC) resistivity method that is increasingly used in shallow fresh water and marine environments to support hydrogeological and near-surface geophysical studies. CRP is popular because it allows efficient data acquisition. However, it is generally not possible to precisely control the spacing and orientation of profiles during CRP data acquisition, resulting in irregularly distributed data. For 2-D profiles, the irregular distribution is handled by extracting relatively straight segments for inversion and using either interpolation or irregular element widths in the inversion process to account for unevenly spaced data along the profiles. Three-dimensional (3-D) inversion of CRP data sets is more challenging because most commercial inversion codes are applicable only to parallel or sub-parallel survey lines, requiring data on a regular grid. In this paper, we develop a technique for binning irregularly distributed CRP data onto a regular grid, suitable for most 3-D inversion codes. We evaluate the method on synthetic data sets, as well as field CRP data sets collected from two water reservoirs on Maui Island, Hawaii. Numerical results of the synthetic data inversion show that 20% and 10% model misfit between a ‘‘control group’’ and binned data can be achieved with data densities of 5 and 15 measurements in each bin, respectively. Also, the 3-D inverted resistivity volumes of the binned field CRP data sets show good agreement with independently collected 2-D profiles, resolving the same subsurface features.
Explicitness of local navigational links: comprehension, perceptions of use, and browsing behavior

This study investigated the effect of explicitness of navigational links on comprehension, perceptions of use, and browsing behaviour in an informational web site. The purpose was to determine whether link explicitness would assist users in overcoming cognitive overload and disorientation. Subjects took a pre-knowledge survey, browsed web pages in one of four link explicitness conditions, and took a post-browsing survey on comprehension and perceptions of use. Link explicitness differentially affected the outcome measures. Organizationally explicit navigational links resulted in lower scores on the post-comprehension survey. A combined condition of semantically and organizationally explicit links resulted in subjects reporting that they followed more embedded links. Traditional links and semantically/organizationally explicit links resulted in subjects exploring more of the study web site. These results, together with subjects' comments and webserver log files, indicate that navigational link labels clearly affect user performance - ambiguous link labels degrade comprehension and constrain browsing; traditional navigational links and links that provide dual signaling encourage broader sampling of a web site.
The First 50 Years of the Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency: An Essay

From its first publication in 1964–2014, 890 articles have been published by The Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency (JRCD). During that period, the criminal justice field has experienced major transformations in its policies, theories, and practices. This article identifies major periods in the development of criminal justice policy; which are Prepolitical Era (1964–1972), Tough on Crime Era (1972–1980), National Consensus on Crime Policy Era (1980–1996), and Retrenchment Era (1996–2012). It then traces changes in the subject matter of JRCD over those periods. The articles published by the JRCD over the past half century reflect the changes in eras.
Magnonic holographic co-processor: An approach to energy-efficient complementary logic circuitry

Power consumption has emerged as the major problem limiting the scalability and the functional throughput of modern logic devices [1]. This problem has stimulated a great deal of interest to research alternative technologies, which may overcome the constraints inherent to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-based circuitry and provide a route to more functional and less power-consuming logic devices. Spintronics is one of the possible directions [2]. The utilization of spin opened a new horizon for the development of non-volatile memory and logic elements. It also offers novel approaches to data transfer. The integration of the spin-based components will require new architecture solutions. In this work, we discuss the possibility of building Magnonic Holographic Co-Processor (MHcP) aimed to complement CMOS in special task data processing. The main advantage of MHcP is combination of memory and logic in one unit. This idea is illustrated in Figure 1. On the left side, it is shown the Von Neumann architecture scheme. It consists of Memory, Control Unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit. The separation between the memory and the logic units is an attribute of the traditional architecture. On the right side of Figure 1, there are shown the schematics of MHcP, where the large portion of memory is embedded into the magnonic holographic logic unit. This architecture solution allows significantly minimize power consumption required for memory addressing and information transfer between the units. The advantage is most prominent in special task data processing requiring large amount of memory resources (e.g. database search).
Scaffold Thrombosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With ABSORB Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the risk of scaffold thrombosis (ST) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with placement of an ABSORB bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, California) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Background PCI with BVS placement holds great potential, but concern has recently been raised regarding the risk of ST. Methods MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and meeting abstracts were searched for all studies that included outcomes data for patients after PCI with BVS placement. For studies comparing BVSs with drug-eluting stents (DES), pooled estimates of outcomes, presented as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were generated with random-effects models. Results Our analysis included 10,510 patients (8,351 with a BVS and 2,159 with DES) with a follow-up of 6.4 ± 5.1 months and 60 ± 11 years of age; 78% were male, 36% had stable angina, and 59% had acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Among patients with a BVS, cardiovascular death occurred in 0.6%, myocardial infarction (MI) in 2.1%, target lesion revascularization in 2.0%, and definite/probable ST in 1.2% of patients. Of BVS patients, 0.27% had acute ST and 0.57% had subacute ST. Meta-analysis demonstrated that patients who received a BVS were at a higher risk of MI (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.31 to 3.22, p = 0.002) and definite/probable ST (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.07 to 3.98, p = 0.03) compared with patients who received DES, whereas there was a trend toward decreased all-cause mortality with a BVS (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.15 to 1.06, p = 0.06). Conclusions Patients undergoing PCI with a BVS had increased definite/probable ST and MI during follow-up compared with DES. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to assess the risk of ST with a BVS.
Can Visual Recognition Benefit from Auxiliary Information in Training

We examine an under-explored visual recognition problem, where we have a main view along with an auxiliary view of visual information present in the training data, but merely the main view is available in the test data. To effectively leverage the auxiliary view to train a stronger classifier, we propose a collaborative auxiliary learning framework based on a new discriminative canonical correlation analysis. This framework reveals a common semantic space shared across both views through enforcing a series of nonlinear projections. Such projections automatically embed the discriminative cues hidden in both views into the common space, and better visual recognition is thus achieved on the test data that stems from only the main view. The efficacy of our proposed auxiliary learning approach is demonstrated through three challenging visual recognition tasks with different kinds of auxiliary information.
Neutron protein crystallography: A complementary tool for locating hydrogens in proteins

Neutron protein crystallography is a powerful tool for investigating protein chemistry because it directly locates hydrogen atom positions in a protein structure. The visibility of hydrogen and deuterium atoms arises from the strong interaction of neutrons with the nuclei of these isotopes. Positions can be unambiguously assigned from diffraction at resolutions typical of protein crystals. Neutrons have the additional benefit to structural biology of not inducing radiation damage in protein crystals. The same crystal could be measured multiple times for parametric studies. Here, we review the basic principles of neutron protein crystallography. The information that can be gained from a neutron structure is presented in balance with practical considerations. Methods to produce isotopically-substituted proteins and to grow large crystals are provided in the context of neutron structures reported in the literature. Available instruments for data collection and software for data processing and structure refinement are described along with technique-specific strategies including joint X-ray/neutron structure refinement. Examples are given to illustrate, ultimately, the unique scientific value of neutron protein crystal structures.
Influence of Manure Availability and Nesting Density on the Progeny Size of Onthophagus gazella

Offspring of the dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella (F.), declined significantly in size and number as a result of increased parental density during nest construction. The parent beetles' ability to utilize the manure fully also declined with increased density. Offspring reared from brood balls provisioned with manure during the late stages of a nesting period were significantly smaller than offspring reared in balls provisioned during the early stages. Brood balls provisioned with manure of lower protein content yielded significantly smaller adults compared with adults from the stock manure. The role of these factors in beetle size determination and in the ecology of manure pats is discussed.
Modifying the Rheological Properties of Zirconia Coated Carbonyl Iron Suspensions through Acid-Base Titration and the Addition of Di-Ammonium Citrate

The manipulation of surface chemistry through acid-base titration and the addition of DAC as a surfactant are shown to lower viscosity in several compositions of zirconia coated carbonyl iron suspensions, used in magnetorheological finishing.
Residues of Diazinon on Field Corn Treated with Granular, Capsular, and ULV Formulations for Control of the European Corn Borer

Diazinon in granular, capsular, and ultra-low volume (ULV) formulations was applied at the rate of 1 lb actual ingredient/acre to field corn for control of 1st generation Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubert) to determine the effect of the formulation on the distribution, persistence. and degradation of the residue on the plants. No Diazoxon was detected. Residues from the ULV application were greatest on the leaves and least in the whorl, the area where residues are most effective. Residues from the granule and capsular formulations were greatest in the whorl. Residues from all formulations were completely absent after 7 days except that the ULV formulation could be detected on leaves for 28 days.
Peak Millennials: Three Reinforcing Cycles That Amplify the Rise and Fall of Urban Concentration by Millennials

The rise and fall of the Millennial generation congregating in central cities is a product of life course meeting unique historical context. Three reinforcing cycles harmonized before 2010 to maximize Millennial presence, and then will harmonize in 2020 to reduce presence. In 2015, the peak Millennial birth cohort passed age 25, with smaller cohorts to follow. Job opportunity that had sharply worsened following the Great Recession is reversing, with renewed job growth opening entry positions, and with less competition from smaller cohorts. In housing, Millennials were doubled up at entry levels of their housing life cycle, blocked by older peers who were unable to turn over their apartments for better homes. With renewal of new construction and home buying, stronger vacancy chains will again stimulate outflow. The combined effect of the three reversed cycles will reduce central concentrations of young adults. Preferences may persist for urban walkability but, freed of their former constraints, preferences will now be expressed through choice from a broader range of locales. Cities and suburbs can compete for Millennials passing age 30 with walkable districts, transit, and better schools and housing.
Gaoyou Statutory Communicable Disease Epidemiological Analysis and Control Strategies

0BJECTIVE To Summarize and analysis the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in Gaoyou in 2010,identify mobidity trends,and provide the basis for future prevention and treatment work.METHODS Using Excel 2003 software to analyze the data,descriptive epidemiological methods.RESULTS 2010 report 16 B and C class infectious diseases of 1 860,the annual incidence rate/ 225.67.Class B infectious diseases 11,1 313,group C 5 a total of 547 cases of infectious diseases,no category a infectious disease have been reported.Top 5 that reported cases of infectious diseases: hand-foot-mouth disease,tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitis and dysentery.CONCLUSION The focus of the prevention and control of communicable diseases in the municipality first intestinal diseases blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases,respiratory diseases followed.
Extracorporeal perfusion for acute respiratory failure: recent experience with the spiral coil membrane lung.

Selection criteria, clinical data, and physiological measurements obtained during five extracorporeal membrane lung perfusions for acute respiratory insufficiency are presented. Four patients died and 1 survived. A new technique of femoral artery cannulation to allow aortic arch perfusion is described. When properly monitored, this route provides improved oxygen delivery to the brain during venoarterial (VA) perfusion. The importance of monitoring the equivalent of carotid artery P o 2 during VA perfusion is emphasized. Recognition of the effects of high cardiac output in limiting the quality of extracorporeal perfusion, plus the use of hypothermia to reduce output, are stressed. We have confirmed that perfusion can be accomplished with small quantities of heparin, so that bleeding is reduced, but thrombocytopenia and occasional hemorrhage continue to be persistent problems.
The effects of long-term androgen treatment on the ovary

Ten patients with female gender dysphoria were treated with exogenous androgen (testosterone [T] enanthate USP) and underwent sex reassignment surgery. Histologic changes of the ovaries of this treated group were studied and compared with those of patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCO) and a normal control group. Significant differences among groups were observed for thickness of the tunica albuginea (639.8 +/- 56.5 micron, 529.2 +/- 59.3 micron, and 170.1 +/- 29.8 micron in the exogenous androgens, PCO, and normal groups, respectively), basal membrane thickness (72.8 +/- 2.8 micron, 46.2 +/- 4.2 micron, and 25.2 micron), number of cystic follicles (2.0 +/- 0.4, 5.8 +/- 0.7, and 1.8 +/- 0.8), and T and luteinizing hormone concentrations. Theca cell hyperplasia was present only in the PCO group. It is concluded that exogenous androgen can thicken the tunica albuginea and basal membrane and that these histologic changes are similar to those seen in PCO ovaries under excess endogenous androgen production.
The Demise of Superfluid Density in Overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4 Films Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

We have synthesized La2−xSrxCuO4 thin films using atomic layer-by-layer molecular beam epitaxy (ALL-MBE). The films are high-quality—singe crystal, atomically smooth, and very homogeneous. The critical temperature (Tc) shows a very little (<1 K) variation within a film of 10×10 mm 2 area. The large statistics (over 2000 films) is crucial to discern intrinsic properties. In these films, we have measured the absolute value of the magnetic penetration depth λ with the accuracy better than 1 % and mapped densely the entire overdoped side of the La2−xSrxCuO4 phase diagram. A new scaling law is established accurately for the dependence of Tc on the superfluid density. The scaling we observe is incompatible with the standard Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer picture and points to local pairing.
Some Observations Based on the Strong‐Motion Accelerograms from the Thomas Creek, Nevada, Earthquake of 23 December 2015

The Thomas Creek earthquake ( M w 4.43) of 23 December 2015 was well recorded by a relatively dense network of strong‐motion stations in the urban Reno area and a sparse network of calibrated seismic stations throughout Nevada. In terms of nearby station coverage, this is the best‐recorded normal‐faulting earthquake to have occurred in Nevada. The strong ground motions appear to be consistent with the ground‐motion models used in the hazard estimates in the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Map at short hypocentral distances, but accelerations, velocities, and response spectral amplitudes at sampled periods may decrease slightly faster with distance than these models predict. A foreshock with M w 3.55 preceded the mainshock by 18 s. Deconvolving the mainshock records using the foreshock recovers a source time function that is broadly similar to a Brune pulse with a rapid rise and roughly exponential decay. The source duration is about 0.5 s with three brief pulses modulating the overall shape. A notable feature of the ground motions is that the displacement at some stations in the Reno basin shows durations of 30–40 s. Given this basin response from a small earthquake, it appears that very long durations of strong motion could be expected in the event of a large earthquake on the range‐front fault system.
Abstract 519: Antitumor activity of MET antibody emibetuzumab (LY2875358) in combination with EGFR inhibitors in erlotinib resistant (ER) xenograft mouse models

Background: MET amplification (amp) is a resistance mechanism to EGFR TKI treatment. Emibetuzumab, a bivalent MET antibody (Ab) blocks HGF binding to MET and internalizes the receptor. Combination of emibetuzumab with EGFR TKIs (erlotinib, AZD9291, CO1686) or EGFR Ab (necitumumab, cetuximab) was evaluated in 3 ER xenograft models. Methods: Model 1: ER cell line HCC827ERL with high focal MET amp, high pMET, EGFR ex19 del (no T790M) was created from parental HCC827 NSCLC (EGFR ex19 del, EGFR amp, no MET amp) by increasing concentration of erlotinib in vitro over 7 months. Model 2: ER cell line HCC827-A8 was derived from HCC827 parental xenograft tumor serially passed in vivo with long term treatment of gefitinib and erlotinib. HCC827-A8 cells express high focal MET amp, high pMET/AXL (Western blot) while retaining EGFR ex19 del (no T790M). Model 3: LU0858 was an ER patient-derived NSCLC xenograft tumor, with focal MET amp, EGFR L858R (no T790M). MET amp and EGFRmt was determined by FISH and LNA-PCR sequencing respectively. Compound dosing: emibetuzumab 20 mg/kg qw; necitumumab 4 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg biw; cetuximab 4 mg/kg biw; erlotinib 25 mg/kg qd; 5 mg/kg AZD9291 qd; 30 mg/kg CO1686 bid. Results: EGFR inhibitors, but not emibetuzumab showed significant single agent anti-tumor effect in xenograft tumors derived from non-MET amp HCC827 parental cells. In MET amp ER models, single agent emibetuzumab resulted in tumor growth inhibition in Model 1 (T/C= 51.7%-61.0%, p Conclusion: The three erlotinib resistant models with MET amp and retaining sensitizing EGFRmt (ex19 del or L858R), and no acquired T790M were found resistant to other EGFR inhibitors (Abs and TKIs). Emibetuzumab in combination with either EGFR TKI or Ab showed anti-tumor activity in MET amp ER xenograft models including tumor regression in 2 out of 3 models. The combination of emibetuzumab with erlotinib is being evaluated in NSCLC patients with EGFR activating mutation (NCT01897480). Citation Format: Suzane L. Um, Victoria L. Peek, Jennifer R. Stephens, Jessica A. Baker, Holly K. Cannon, Joel D. Cook, Isabella H. Wulur, Roger Agyei, Sudhakar Chintharlapalli, Robert J. Evans, William J. Feaver, Lysiane Huber, Linda N. Lee, Ling Liu, Liandong Ma, Ruslan Novosiadly, Volker Wacheck, Sau-Chi Betty Yan. Antitumor activity of MET antibody emibetuzumab (LY2875358) in combination with EGFR inhibitors in erlotinib resistant (ER) xenograft mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 519. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-519
Disruption of Core Planar Cell Polarity Signaling Regulates Renal Tubule Morphogenesis but Is Not Cystogenic

Oriented cell division (OCD) and convergent extension (CE) shape developing renal tubules, and their disruption has been associated with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) genes, the majority of which encode proteins that localize to primary cilia. Core planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling controls OCD and CE in other contexts, leading to the hypothesis that disruption of PCP signaling interferes with CE and/or OCD to produce PKD. Nonetheless, the contribution of PCP to tubulogenesis and cystogenesis is uncertain, and two major questions remain unanswered. Specifically, the inference that mutation of PKD genes interferes with PCP signaling is untested, and the importance of PCP signaling for cystogenic PKD phenotypes has not been examined. We show that, during proliferative stages, PCP signaling polarizes renal tubules to control OCD. However, we find that, contrary to the prevailing model, PKD mutations do not disrupt PCP signaling but instead act independently and in parallel with PCP signaling to affect OCD. Indeed, PCP signaling that is normally downregulated once development is completed is retained in cystic adult kidneys. Disrupting PCP signaling results in inaccurate control of tubule diameter, a tightly regulated parameter with important physiological ramifications. However, we show that disruption of PCP signaling is not cystogenic. Our results suggest that regulating tubule diameter is a key function of PCP signaling but that loss of this control does not induce cysts.
Band-like Charge Photogeneration at a Crystalline Organic Donor/Acceptor Interface

Organic photovoltaic cells possess desirable practical characteristics, such as the potential for low-cost fabrication on flexible substrates, but they lag behind their inorganic counterparts in performance due in part to fundamental energy loss mechanisms, such as overcoming the charge transfer (CT) state binding energy when photogenerated charge is transferred across the donor/acceptor interface. However, recent work has suggested that crystalline interfaces can reduce this binding energy due to enhanced CT state delocalization. Solar cells based on rubrene and C60 are investigated as an archetypal system because it allows the degree of crystallinity to be moldulated from a highly disordered to highly ordered system. Using a postdeposition annealing method to transform as-deposited amorphous rubrene thin films into ones that are highly crystalline, it is shown that the CT state of a highly crystalline rubrene/C60 heterojunction undergoes extreme delocalization parallel to the interface leading to a band-like state that exhibits a linear Stark effect. This state parallels the direct charge formation of inorganic solar cells and reduces energetic losses by 220 meV compared with 12 other archetypal heterojunctions reported in the literature.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Outcomes after Mesenteric Revascularization for Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia.

Background Historically, patients with chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) are underweight with a low body mass index (BMI). However, with the recent obesity epidemic many of these patients now are overweight with a high BMI. We evaluated the impact of BMI on outcomes after mesenteric revascularization for CMI. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients undergoing open or endovascular mesenteric revascularization for CMI between January 2000 and June 2015 was performed. Demographics, comorbidities, BMI, Society for Vascular Surgery–combined comorbidity score, treatment modality, postoperative complications, reintervention, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. The primary end point for the study was all-cause mortality at 5 years. Patients were stratified using the World Health Organization BMI criteria. Univariate, Kaplan-Meier survival, and multivariate analyses were performed. Results In the study period, 104 unique patients underwent mesenteric revascularization for CMI, for 77 of whom BMI information was available. Of these 77, 30 patients were treated by endovascular revascularization, and 47 patients were treated by open revascularization. Overall, 27 (35.1%) were overweight or obese with a BMI ≥25. Median follow-up time was 41 months. High BMI patients were less likely to have weight loss at the time of surgery (P = 0.004). Stratified by BMI Conclusions BMI needs to be considered in assessing and counseling patients on outcomes of mesenteric revascularization for CMI, as a BMI over 25 is associated with poorer long-term survival after open revascularization. Smoking, hypertensive chronic kidney disease, PAD, and open repair with the use of venous conduit are independent predictors of long-term mortality after mesenteric revascularization independent of BMI.
Food Choices by Mammalian Herbivores and the Role of Defense Compounds: Example Beaver

Herbivores such as deer, bovids, rodents, or marsupials encounter a great diversity of plant secondary metabolites (PSMs). These PSMs greatly affect the food choices these animals make. In turn, herbivores affect plants by stimulating induced defenses as a consequence of browsing. For food choice experiments in the wild we need animals that can be found predictably in certain places at certain times. The beaver (Castor canadensis or C. fiber) is such a species. Beavers stay year-round near their lodges and readily accept food provisions.
The Behavior of Solutions of the NLS Equation in the Semiclassical Limit

We report a numerical and theoretical study of the generation and propogation of oscillations in the semiclassical limit (h → 0) of the Nonlinear Schrodinger equation. In a general setting of both dimension and nonlinearity, we identify essential differences between the “defocusing” and “focusing” cases. Numerical comparisons of the oscillations are made between the linear (“free”) and the cubic (defocusing and focusing) cases in one dimension. The integrability of the one-dimensional cubic NLS is exploited to give a complete global characterization of the weak limits of the oscillations in the defocusing case.
Orders and Order Types

This chapter introduces order isomorphisms and order types, as well as the basic operations of sums and product of order types.
Herpes Infections: Cutaneous Manifestations

Herpes infections are very common -with 90% of the world population being exposed -and can lead to a variety of cutaneous manifestations. These can vary from common labial or genital manifestations, to chicken pox, to zoster, to rashes associated with EBV infections. They also play a causative role in roseola, pityriasis rosea, and Kaposi sarcoma -all of which may present with skin complaints. Proper identification in primary care can lead to earlier treatment which leads to the treatment being more effective.
A lowest-order weak Galerkin finite element method for Stokes flow on polygonal meshes

Abstract This paper presents a lowest-order weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for solving the Stokes equations on convex polygonal meshes. Constant vectors are used separately in element interiors and on edges to approximate fluid velocity, whereas constant scalars are used on elements to approximate the pressure. For the constant vector basis functions, their discrete weak gradients are established in a matrix space that is based on the C W 0 space (Chen and Wang, 2017), whereas their discrete weak divergences are calculated as elementwise constants. To circumvent the saddle-point problem, a reduced scheme for velocity is established by using three types of basis functions for the discretely divergence-free subspace. A procedure for subsequent pressure recovery is also developed. Error analysis along with numerical experiments on benchmarks are presented to demonstrate accuracy and efficiency of the proposed new method.
Development and psychometric properties of student perceptions of an online course (SPOC) in an RN-to-BSN program.

Abstract Background and purpose Despite the rapid growth in offering online RN-to-BSN programs, limited information is available on student perception of online courses. The aims were to develop and to evaluate Student Perceptions of an Online Course (SPOC) scale. Methods A quantitative study using a two-phase methodological design was applied. A convenience sample of 201 RN-to-BSN students was used to establish internal consistency and evidence of validity including exploratory factor analyses. Results Three factors of student engagement, organization, and resources were verified. The overall SPOC had high reliability with Cronbach's alpha =0.98. Conclusions The SPOC is valid and reliable. It can be used in research and quality assurance/improvement work on the delivery of online nursing education.
Image Outpainting and Harmonization using Generative Adversarial Networks.

Although the inherently ambiguous task of predicting what resides beyond all four edges of an image has rarely been explored before, we demonstrate that GANs hold powerful potential in producing reasonable extrapolations. Two outpainting methods are proposed that aim to instigate this line of research: the first approach uses a context encoder inspired by common inpainting architectures and paradigms, while the second approach adds an extra post-processing step using a single-image generative model. This way, the hallucinated details are integrated with the style of the original image, in an attempt to further boost the quality of the result and possibly allow for arbitrary output resolutions to be supported.
Genetics of Lung Cancer

Unlike other lung diseases that have a significant heritable genetic component (e.g., cystic fibrosis), lung cancer is primarily caused by somatic mutations induced by environmental toxins such as cigarette smoke. Somatic mutations that occur in key cellular pathways drive lung carcinogenesis by conferring a survival or growth advantage to the cells containing these mutations. A subset of these so-called driver mutations can be targeted with specific chemotherapeutic agents. Lung tumors evolve due to the accumulation of new mutations over time and the selection of cells with mutations, conferring a further survival advantage in a particular environment. In the future, improved understanding of lung tumor evolution may allow an even greater personalized approach to cancer therapy by allowing physicians to anticipate which lung tumors will develop resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and which lung tumors have a propensity to recur or metastasize.
A Mokken Scale Analysis of the Last Series of the Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM-LS).

Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven 1941) is a widely used 60-item long measure of general mental ability. It was recently suggested that, for situations where taking this test is too time consuming, a shorter version, comprised of only the last series of the Standard Progressive Matrices (Myszkowski and Storme 2018) could be used, while preserving satisfactory psychometric properties (Garcia-Garzon et al. 2019; Myszkowski and Storme 2018). In this study, I argue, however, that some psychometric properties have been left aside by previous investigations. As part of this special issue on the reinvestigation of Myszkowski and Storme’s dataset, I propose to use the non-parametric Item Response Theory framework of Mokken Scale Analysis (Mokken 1971, 1997) and its current developments (Sijtsma and van der Ark 2017) to shed new light on the SPM-LS. Extending previous findings, this investigation indicated that the SPM-LS had satisfactory scalability ( H = 0.469 ), local independence and reliability ( M S = 0.841 , L C R C = 0.874 ). Further, all item response functions were monotonically increasing, and there was overall evidence for invariant item ordering ( H T = 0.475 ), supporting the Double Monotonicity Model (Mokken 1997). Item 1, however, appeared problematic in most analyses. I discuss the implications of these results, notably regarding whether to discard item 1, whether the SPM-LS sum scores can confidently be used to order persons, and whether the invariant item ordering of the SPM-LS allows to use a stopping rule to further shorten test administration.
Factors in Residency Decision Making for Female Neurosurgery Applicants.

Background Neurosurgery remains a specialty with one of the largest gender gaps in the United States. Neurosurgery residency programs are highly motivated to attract the best female candidates in an effort to improve their program diversity, but no studies currently exist that examine the factors of highest importance to female applicants for neurosurgery residency selection. The purpose of this study was to determine factors that female neurosurgery residents used when selecting their residency. Methods A 2-part survey was sent to female neurosurgical residents by e-mails collected from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons directory and residency program websites. The survey asked participants to score 17 characteristics of residency programs in terms of importance and then asked them to rank their top 5 most influential factors when selecting a neurosurgery residency. Results The most important factors included variety/number of cases, camaraderie and happiness of current residents, early surgical/clinical experience, and academic reputation. The least important factors included gender diversity of faculty and residents, number of female residents, number of female faculty, and attitudes toward maternity leave. Conclusions Efforts to increase female applicants in neurosurgery residency programs should focus on highlighting some more universal, non–gender-related factors, such as happiness and camaraderie among residents and anticipated clinical experiences, as opposed to showcasing features that would seemingly appeal to female applicants, such as maternity leave and number of current female faculty or residents.
The Man Behind the Leader

This is an edited transcript of my speech on the occasion of Erik Goodman’s 75th birthday celebration at BEACON Congress 2018.
Learning Polynomials in Few Relevant Dimensions

Polynomial regression is a basic primitive in learning and statistics. In its most basic form the goal is to fit a degree $d$ polynomial to a response variable $y$ in terms of an $n$-dimensional input vector $x$. This is extremely well-studied with many applications and has sample and runtime complexity $\Theta(n^d)$. Can one achieve better runtime if the intrinsic dimension of the data is much smaller than the ambient dimension $n$? \n\nConcretely, we are given samples $(x,y)$ where $y$ is a degree at most $d$ polynomial in an unknown $r$-dimensional projection (the relevant dimensions) of $x$. This can be seen both as a generalization of phase retrieval and as a special case of learning multi-index models where the link function is an unknown low-degree polynomial. Note that without distributional assumptions, this is at least as hard as junta learning.\n\nIn this work we consider the important case where the covariates are Gaussian. We give an algorithm that learns the polynomial within accuracy $\epsilon$ with sample complexity that is roughly $N = O_{r,d}(n \log^2(1/\epsilon) (\log n)^d)$ and runtime $O_{r,d}(N n^2)$. Prior to our work, no such results were known even for the case of $r=1$.\n\nWe introduce a new \emph{filtered PCA} approach to get a warm start for the true subspace and use \emph{geodesic SGD} to boost to arbitrary accuracy; our techniques may be of independent interest, especially for problems dealing with subspace recovery or analyzing SGD on manifolds.
Lower Eyelid Retraction: Anterior Lamellar Correction Using Onlay Implants

The repair of post-blepharoplasty lower eyelid retraction continues to be a vexing clinical issue. This explains why there are many surgical approaches. In this section the author discusses a personal approach that has proven to be highly successful and reliable over a 25-year period in thousands of cases [1].
The dynamics of freestanding films: predictions for poly(2-chlorostyrene) based on bulk pressure dependence and thoughtful sample averaging

In this paper we model the segmental relaxation in poly(2-chlorostyrene) 18 nm freestanding films, using only data on bulk samples to characterize the system, and predict film relaxation times (τ) as a function of temperature that are in semi-quantitative agreement with film data. The ability to translate bulk characterization into film predictions is a direct result of our previous work connecting the effects of free surfaces in films with those of changing pressure in the bulk. Our approach combines the Locally Correlated Lattice (LCL) equation of state for prediction of free volume values (Vfree) at any given density (ρ), which are then used in the Cooperative Free Volume (CFV) rate model to predict τ(T, Vfree). A key feature of this work is that we calculate the locally averaged density profile as a function of distance from the surface, ρav(z), using the CFV-predicted lengthscale, Lcoop(z), over which rearranging molecular segments cooperate. As we have shown in the past, ρav(z) is significantly broader than the localized profile, ρ(z), which translates into a relaxation profile, τ(z), exhibiting a breadth that mirrors experimental and simulated results. In addition, we discuss the importance of averaging the log of position dependent relaxation times across a film sample (〈log τ(z)〉), as opposed to averaging the relaxation times, themselves, in order to best approximate a whole sample-averaged value that can be directly compared to experiment.
CHANGES IN CHANNEL MORPHOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH PLACER MINING

Channel morphology along the Middle Fork of the South Platte River near Fairplay, Colorado has changed from 1859 to the present in association with placer gold mining. Based on the premise that mining destabilized channel-bed and bank sediments, we hypothesize that there will be a relation between mining and channel morphologic and sedimentologic characteristics. To quantify differences in channel morphology between mined and unmined reaches, four primary channel characteristics (shape, bed material, migration, and sinuosity) were examined. A discriminant function analysis showed no statistical difference in channel shape between mined and unmined reaches. Bed material in reaches where mining occurred in the channel can be distinguished from unmined reaches on the basis of mean grain-size, sorting, and skewness. Mean grain-size and sorting increase and the skewness of the distribution is nearly symmetrical in mined areas. Statistical differences in planimetric form also were observed. The channel has been...
A Sparse Bayesian Framework for Anomaly Detection in Heterogeneous Networks

The capability to detect anomalous states in a network is important for both the smooth operation of the network and the security of the network. Modern networks are often heterogeneous. This raises a new challenge for anomaly detection, as there may be a wide variety of anomalous activities across the heterogeneous components of a network. We often seek a detection system that not only performs accurate anomaly detection but also provides mechanisms for human expert to understand the decision making process inside the system. In this paper, we investigate the application of sparse Bayesian methods for anomaly detection in such scenario. By taking advantage of the sparse Bayesian framework’s capability to conduct automatic relevance discovery, we construct a detection system whose decision making is mostly based on a few representative examples from the training set. This provides human interpretability as expert can analyze the representative examples to understand the detection mechanism. Our experiment results show the potential of this approach.
Performance of MIMO space-time coded discrete modulations . II. Extensions and frequency-selective fading channels

For pt. see ibid., p.1177-81(2002).We continue the consideration of the maximum-likelihood decoding performance of MIMO space-time random coded communication on quasi-static fading channels. First, we generalize the formulation to frequency-selective fading channels. By the equivalence of multipath fading and delay diversity coding, we show the system can be analyzed with an equivalent flat fading representation. We then present numerical results of the p% cutoff capacities, which are defined as the highest supportable rates for target cutoff probabilities at p%. Our discussion show how this new notion can provide a unified view of three main theoretic results of MIMO space-time coding: rate enhancements, achievable diversity gains, and performance of specific codes. As a result, this analysis of cutoff capacities reveals the relative strengths and weaknesses of several space-time coding schemes in interesting and surprising ways.
Rediscovery of an Early Concept

The study of the cerebellum has been dominated by interest in its role in movement and motor control. From the earliest days of the neuroscientific era, however, clinical reports and physiological and behavioral investigations have suggested that overt motor dysfunction is but one manifestation of cerebellar disease. The nature of cerebellar involvement in autonomic, sensory, and cognitive functions has been investigated for many years, and possible mechanisms that could subserve this relationship have been specifically addressed. This work has not been incorporated into the mainstream of neuroscience or clinical neurological thinking. This chapter traces the history of these early investigations that demonstrated the need to revise the notion that cerebellar function is confined to the motor realm. The collaboration across disciplines and the advances in the methods and concepts of contemporary neuroscience have facilitated the maturation of this field of inquiry. The "new" story of the cerebellum and cognition, in fact, represents the evolution of a century-old revolutionary concept.