cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Etnicidade na Amazônia Antiga: reconstruindo identidades do passado por meio da arqueologia, da linguística e da etno-história

Este ensaio explora como a etnogenese, hibridizacao, identidades persistentes e seus conceitos relacionados estao sendo trabalhados atualmente na antropologia do Amazonas. A aproximacao teorica se apoia na caracterizacao que James Clifford (2004) realiza da etnogenese, entendendo-a como o processo de “refazer autenticamente” novas identidades sociais atraves da redescoberta e transformacao criativa de componentes da “tradicao” como narrativas orais, textos escritos e artefatos materiais. Por meio de uma breve descricao do projeto “Historias comparativas Arawak” (Hill and Santos-Granero, eds., 2002) apresenta-se o contexto inteletual imediato onde se busca uma integracao rigorosa de pesquisas realizadas desde sub-disciplinas, desenvolvido em diferentes oficinas e encontros (Hornborg and Hill eds., 2011). O conceito de etnogenese tem se revelado importante ao estimular pesquisas que atravessam fronteiras disciplinares.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) Negatively Regulates Toll-like Receptor 4-mediated Inflammatory Response via FoxO1

Activation of the PI3K pathway plays a pivotal role in regulating the inflammatory response. The loss of mTORC2 has been shown to abrogate the activation of Akt, a critical downstream component of PI3K signaling. However, the biological importance of mTORC2 in innate immunity is currently unknown. Here we demonstrate that rictor, a key component of mTORC2, plays a critical role in controlling the innate inflammatory response via its ability to regulate FoxO1. Upon LPS stimulation, both rictor-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and rictor knockdown dendritic cells exhibited a hyperinflammatory phenotype. The hyperinflammatory phenotype was due to a defective Akt signaling axis, because both rictor-deficient MEFs and rictor knockdown dendritic cells exhibited attenuated Akt phosphorylation and kinase activity. Analysis of downstream Akt targets revealed that phosphorylation of FoxO1 was impaired in rictor-deficient cells, resulting in elevated nuclear FoxO1 levels and diminished nuclear export of FoxO1 upon LPS stimulation. Knockdown of FoxO1 attenuated the hyperinflammatory phenotype exhibited by rictor-deficient MEFs. Moreover, FoxO1 deletion in dendritic cells attenuated the capacity of LPS to induce inflammatory cytokine expression. These findings identify a novel signaling pathway by which mTORC2 regulates the TLR-mediated inflammatory response through its ability to regulate FoxO1.
Men's and Women's Volunteering: Gender Differences in the Effects of Employment and Family Characteristics

This study focuses on gender differences in the effects of employment and family characteristics on volunteering among White adults using data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) 1995-1996. There is a statistically significant difference in the way employment status affects men's and women's volunteering behavior. Relative to full-time employment, part-time employment encourages women's volunteer work but not men’s, while unemployment exclusively inhibits men's volunteering. A significant gender difference is also in the effect of elderly care. Only among women is the time spent on elderly care significantly and negatively associated with volunteering. Women typically spend more time providing unpaid care to aging family members, and this will further contribute to the gender gap in volunteering among family caregivers to the elderly. Implications of these and related findings for volunteer work organizations are discussed.
Evolution with Recombination

Valiant (2007) introduced a computational model of evolution and suggested that Darwinian evolution be studied in the framework of computational learning theory. Valiant describes evolution as a restricted form of learning where exploration is limited to a set of possible mutations and feedback is received through the survival of the fittest mutation. In subsequent work Feldman (2008) showed that evolvability in Valiant's model is equivalent to learning in the correlational statistical query (CSQ) model. We extend Valiant's model to include genetic recombination and show that in certain cases, recombination can significantly speed-up the process of evolution in terms of the number of generations, though at the expense of population size. This follows via a reduction from parallel-CSQ algorithms to evolution with recombination. This gives an exponential speed-up (in terms of the number of generations) over previous known results for evolving conjunctions and half spaces with respect to restricted distributions.
Literacy in Local Languages in Thailand: Language Maintenance in a Globalised World.

In a globalised world, literacy in local languages is affected by at least three significant trends: globalisation, regionalisation and nationalism. Literacy in local languages plays a major role in language maintenance and the management of identity. Local literacies in local languages can also be a source of resistance to the rapid sociocultural change and the emerging multilingual markets. Literacy in the national or an international language may be an assimilating force, as literacy is increasingly seen as a capital investment for future. This paper discusses local language literacy in the maintenance of ethnolinguistic minority languages in Thailand. Until recently, most activities have been implemented by the civil society, but State involvement is increasing. The increasing government attention to minority languages is revolutionary when compared to the situation in Thailand before the 1990s.
Evolutionary perspectives on health and medicine

Evolution and medicine started an immature romance in the late 19th century that broke up amid violent recriminations in the early 20th century. Thereafter, the relationship remained distant until the partners were reintroduced on a more mature basis by Nesse and Williams’ book, Why We Get Sick: The New Science of Darwinian Medicine (1). (See ref. 2 for a detailed history.) That book stimulated a symposium in Switzerland in 1996, out of which came a book edited by Stearns (3) that, together with another edited by Trevathan et al. (4), raised interest, connected to the existing body of basic research, and provided materials for the courses that were starting to be offered. Momentum was further built by several review papers (5, 6), second editions of the two edited books (7, 8), an editorial in Science (9), a new textbook (10), and many symposia (Berlin, Rotterdam, York, Copenhagen, New York, Washington, Philadelphia, San Diego, Tucson, and New Haven, among others). Of those symposia, the one held at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center in 2007 was particularly significant, for it raised medical issues on the home ground of evolutionary biology and brought together the organizers of this Sackler Colloquium. This PNAS Supplement marks a significant milestone in the maturation of the field. The range of topics has been expanded, the connections to basic research have been strengthened, the medical community has been more strongly represented, at a higher level, than it had been previously, and the issue of how best to educate future physicians in evolutionary thinking has been developed significantly. Evolutionary biology and medicine each cover immense scientific landscapes, subsuming many approaches to diverse issues. Evolutionary medicine is not a new specialty or method of practice or critique of medicine. Instead, it consists of the intersections where evolutionary insights … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: stephen.stearns{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Utility of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for extensive pulmonary metastasectomy

The neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been reported to have advantages in pulmonary resections including superior control of bleeding and air leak with relative sparing of pulmonary parenchyma. Extensive metastasectomies were performed in two patients with bilateral metastases who might have been excluded from surgery with other techniques. The patients were discharged within 8 days after uneventful postoperative courses. While this modality shows promise in permitting extensive metastasectomy, only long-term follow-up will demonstrate the ability to provide results comparable to those achieved with previous techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Deliberative Choices: Debating Public Policy in Congress

Deliberative Choices: Debating Public Policy in Congress. By Gary Mucciaroni and Paul J. Quirk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. 296p. $50.00 cloth, $20.00 paper. Gary Mucciaroni and Paul Quirk have done the field a service by reminding us that Congress is a deliberative body, even if it is not always a good deliberative body. The authors foreshadow their findings, stating: “Congressional debate is only moderately realistic and informed. Listeners encounter a considerable volume of distortions, omissions, and even falsehoods, with apparent potential to mislead” (p. x). They base this conclusion on a study of effects claims made during three significant policy debates: Welfare Reform in 1995 and 1996, the Estate Tax Repeal in 1999 and 2000, and the Telecommunication Deregulation Act of 1996. Effects claims are claims made during debate about the likely effects of the legislation or amendment under consideration: Reforming welfare will reduce illegitimate births; current tax rates depress incentives to invest; deregulation will help the telecommunications industry grow. The heavy lifting in the book comes from the authors' assessments of the validity of these effects claims (and rebuttals) based on contemporary knowledge of the issues that would have been available to members of Congress.
User experiences with distributed multimedia conferencing systems

A field study of a nationwide US Department of Defense (DoD) systems development project, combined with other laboratory experimentation, explores an underemphasized factor in current distributed multimedia conferencing and group support system theories. The ability of an organization to effectively manage its technology environment to deliver distributed support systems is shown to have direct impacts on both the potential performance inputs and group interaction processes of distributed group work, which ultimately affects performance outcomes. This paper blends results from the DoD field study with results from several non-DoD laboratory experiments to support a new model of distributed multimedia conferencing systems and their effect on the distributed group process and performance.
Jonathan Edwards and Justification by Faith

The Great Awakening of 1740–41, which set for a century and a half the basic patterns of American revivalist religion, was itself shaped by earlier outpourings of the Spirit. The most influential of these was undoubtedly the revival of 1734–35 in Jonathan Edwards' congregation at Northampton, a revival which spread widely in western Massachusetts and even south into Connecticut. Edwards' preaching methods were copied and his congregation's conversion experiences emulated not only in the immediate revival but, through Edwards' Faithful Narrative of them, in the Whitefield and subsequent awakenings. The Northampton awakening had been in process of preparation for two or three years under Edwards' preaching. But its first overt manifestation coincided with Edwards' two lectures on justification by faith alone, sermons preached avowedly against Arminianism and in spite of the warnings and censure of some of his influential kinsmen.
Can paleopathology provide evidence for "compassion"?

Paleopathological analyses of skeletal remains have provided significant information about diet and health in prehistoric populations. A number of individuals have been recovered whose remains show evidence of impairments that would have precluded “normal” functioning, resulting in a disability. The most famous example is Shanidar I; more recent discoveries include the Romito 2 dwarf from Italy and a boy with spina bifida from the Windover site in Florida. These finds have been interpreted by some writers as evidence for compassion and “moral decency” among the other members of the community, who would have had to support these nonproductive individuals. However, these interpretations are based on a number of implicit assumptions: about the number of nonproductive members normally present in any population, about the abilities of disabled individuals by other members of the group, and about the “moral rightness” of facilitating the survival of a disabled individual under all circumstances. These assumptions are not justified by the evidence from the archeological record or by reference to ethnographic analogy. A tendency to focus on physical traits as the sole measure of productive ability, images of Rousseau's “noble savage” transported to the past, and unexamined beliefs about the disabled in modern societies have influenced these archeological interpretations. We are not justified in drawing conclusions either about the quality of life for disabled individuals in the past or about the motives or attitudes of the rest of the community from skeletal evidence of physical impairment.
History of Oral Contraceptives

Progesterone is the naturally occurring female sex hormone acting as nature's contraceptive by preventing women from conceiving during pregnancy. Since it is not orally active, progesterone cannot practically be used as an oral contraceptive. It required the efforts of organic chemists to synthesise steroids that mimic the biological activity of the natural hormone and that are effective by oral administration. The article concludes with the prognosis that the future prospects for developing fundamentally new contraceptives are dim, primarily because the priorities of the international pharmaceutical industry have shifted to diseases of the increasingly geriatric segments of the population of affluent countries. Key Concepts: The natural female sex hormone progesterone – nature's contraceptive – is not orally active. New synthetic steroids had to be developed, which retained the biological activity of progesterone, but would be orally active. The lead compound, norethindrone, was synthesised in 1951 and all but one of the subsequent steroid oral contraceptives are based on that chemical template. Research in new approaches to contraception has declined dramatically as the pharmaceutical industry has shifted its attention to diseases of the geriatric segment of the population. The prediction is made that the ultimate direction of birth control in the affluent, geriatric countries will consist of cryopreservation of ‘young’ gametes (particularly relevant for females), followed by sterilisation, and recourse to IVF for reproduction, thus completing the divorce of sex from reproduction. Keywords: norethindrone; progesterone; 19-norprogesterone; the pill; norgestrel; norethynodrel; birth control; gamete preservation; oral contraception; ethynyloestradiol
Capillary zone electrophoresis: Effect of physical parameters on separation efficiency and quantitation

Separation efficiency in capillary zone electrophoresis was examined as a function of capillary length and diameter as well as solute concentration for a borosilicate glass capillary/phosphate buffer system. Electroosmotic flow coefficients in borosilicate, fused silica, and teflon capillaries were measured over the useful operating pH range of 3–8 at constant applied power (0.333 W). Sample introduction by a simple, low-dispersion electromigration method was found to be a reliable procedure for solute quantitation.
Molecular Dynamics Investigations of Boron Doping in a-Si:H

The rather low doping efficiency of B in a-Si:H is almost always explained by the argument that almost all of the B is incorporated into three-fold coordinated sites and that B is inert or non-doping in this configuration. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, the authors have studied the energetics and doping (electronic structure) consequences of B incorporation into a-Si:H both with and without H passivation. Their results suggest that the conventional view is in error and that the low doping efficiency is primarily due to H passivation. These results are consistent with the low doping efficiency of B as well as NMR studies on the large electric field gradients experienced by the B atoms and on NMR double resonance studies of B-H neighboring distances.
Streambank and vegetation response to simulated cattle grazing

Simulated grazing techniques were used to investigate livestock impacts on structural and vegetation characteristics of streambanks in central Idaho, USA. The treatments, continued over two years, consisted of no grazing, simulated moderate early summer grazing, simulated moderate mid-summer grazing, and simulated heavy season-long grazing. The moderate treatments depressed the streambank surface about 3 cm, while the heavy season-long treatment resulted in an 11.5-cm depression. There were no differences between the no-grazing and moderate-grazing treatments for change in stream width, bank angle, bank retreat, or root biomass. The heavy season-long treatment, however, produced significant changes in these variables. The amount of foliage biomass (i.e., kg ha−1) removed by treatment was similar between the two years of study for the moderate treatments. The foliage removed from the heavy season-long treatment plots greatly decreased in the second year as plant growth decreased. Ten months after the last treatment application, the average spring foliage growth was 20–43% lower on the moderate treatment plots and 51–87% lower on the heavy season-long treatment plots than on the untreated control plots.
Who are the Elderly Users of Public Transportation? A Case Study in Toledo, Ohio

The lack of suitable transportation is a major problem of the elderly. Our purpose is to identify socioeconomic characteristics that differentiate between riders and nonriders of public and agency transportation in Toledo. A 1982 sample of 150 noninstitutionalized elderly provides the data base. Results of logistic regression analysis of the data indicate that the probability of ridingpublic transportation was highest for nondrivers, particularly those who live alone.
Middlemen No More? Emergent Patterns in Congressional Leadership Selection

For a quarter-century, conservative Republicans have used the “San Francisco liberal” label to place Democrats as outside the American mainstream. Imagine their dismay as the 110th Congress opened in January 2007 and Nancy Pelosi, a San Francisco Democrat well to the left of most of her party, ascended to the podium as speaker of the United States House of Representatives. This was, to be sure, a departure. Traditionally, House Democrats had selected ideological “middlemen” for top leadership posts (Truman 1959), particularly those from the “Austin-Boston alliance” that held unbroken sway in House Democratic leadership selection from the initial teaming of Speaker Sam Rayburn of Texas and Majority Leader John McCormack of Boston in 1940 to that of Tip O'Neill of Boston and Texan Jim Wright in the 1970s and 1980s. During this time, Democrats “almost never” selected “‘Americans for Democratic Action-type’ liberals” as leaders (Peabody 1976, 470).
Amino acid uptake in erythropoiesis

Erythroblasts produce huge amounts of hemoglobin, for which they must incorporate vast stores of iron and amino acids. In the 14 April issue of Science Signaling, Chung et al. describe the complex mechanism linking neutral amino acid uptake to hemoglobin production in these hungry cells.
Independent regulation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific T cell memory pools: relative stability of CD4 memory under conditions of CD8 memory T cell loss.

Infection of mice with a series of heterologous viruses causes a reduction of memory CD8+ T cells specific to viruses from earlier infections, but the fate of the virus-specific memory CD4+ T cell pool following multiple virus infections has been unknown. We have previously reported that the virus-specific CD4+ Th precursor (Thp) frequency remains stable into long-term immunity following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. In this study, we questioned whether heterologous virus infections or injection with soluble protein CD4 Ags would impact this stable LCMV-specific CD4+ Thp memory pool. Limiting dilution analyses for IL-2-producing cells and intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ revealed that the LCMV-specific CD4+ Thp frequency remains relatively stable following multiple heterologous virus infections or protein Ag immunizations, even under conditions that dramatically reduce the LCMV-specific CD8+ CTL precursor frequency. These data indicate that the CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cell pools are regulated independently and that the loss in CD8+ T cell memory following heterologous virus infections is not a consequence of a parallel loss in the memory CD4+ T cell population.
Transduction with Matrix Completion: Three Birds with One Stone

We pose transductive classification as a matrix completion problem. By assuming the underlying matrix has a low rank, our formulation is able to handle three problems simultaneously: i) multi-label learning, where each item has more than one label, ii) transduction, where most of these labels are unspecified, and iii) missing data, where a large number of features are missing. We obtained satisfactory results on several real-world tasks, suggesting that the low rank assumption may not be as restrictive as it seems. Our method allows for different loss functions to apply on the feature and label entries of the matrix. The resulting nuclear norm minimization problem is solved with a modified fixed-point continuation method that is guaranteed to find the global optimum.
Getting Our Piece of the National Cake: Consociational Power Sharing and Neopatrimonialism in Nigeria

Although consociational-style ethnic power-sharing arrangements are frequently adopted in postconflict African states, their track record is spotty at best. Using post-civil war Nigeria (one of Africa's most durable experiments with ethnic proportionality in government), I argue that the failure of formal ethnic power-sharing in Africa is due to its intersection with the largely informal power-sharing practices characteristic of neopatrimonial political systems. In Nigeria, well-intentioned policies meant to ensure ethnic proportionality reinforce the power of patronage networks that also rely on ethnic and kinship mobilization to capture state resources. As a result, entrenched ethnic power sharing in Nigeria's federal constitution since the late 1970s has played a key role in the country's descent into corruption and poor governance.
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta: a novel regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and development.

Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) is a ubiquitously expressed constitutively active serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates cellular substrates and thereby regulates a wide variety of cellular functions, including development, metabolism, gene transcription, protein translation, cytoskeletal organization, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. The activity of GSK-3β is negatively regulated by protein kinase B/Akt and by the Wnt signaling pathway. Increasing lines of evidence show that GSK-3β is an essential negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and that the inhibition of GSK-3β by hypertrophic stimuli is an important mechanism contributing to the development of cardiac hypertrophy. GSK-3β also plays an important role in regulating cardiac development. In this review, the role of GSK-3β in cardiac hypertrophy and development and the potential underlying mechanisms are discussed.
A Probabilistic Approach for Optimizing Spectral Clustering

Spectral clustering enjoys its success in both data clustering and semi-supervised learning. But, most spectral clustering algorithms cannot handle multi-class clustering problems directly. Additional strategies are needed to extend spectral clustering algorithms to multi-class clustering problems. Furthermore, most spectral clustering algorithms employ hard cluster membership, which is likely to be trapped by the local optimum. In this paper, we present a new spectral clustering algorithm, named "Soft Cut". It improves the normalized cut algorithm by introducing soft membership, and can be efficiently computed using a bound optimization algorithm. Our experiments with a variety of datasets have shown the promising performance of the proposed clustering algorithm.
A study of linkages between frontier markets and the U.S. equity markets using multivariate GARCH and transfer entropy

This paper studies the integration of 20 frontier equity markets with the U.S. equity markets using variance ratios, conditional correlations and transfer entropies. The results show considerable regional variation in the level of integration. The volatility transfers, conditional correlations and transfer entropy are significantly affected by the housing market crisis of 2008–2009. The European debt crisis of 2011–2012 has less significant impact on the integration measures.
IEEE 1547 Standards advancing grid modernization

Technology advances including development of advanced distributed energy resources (DER) and grid-integrated operations and controls functionalities have surpassed the requirements in current standards and codes for DER interconnection with the distribution grid. The full revision of IEEE Standards 1547 (requirements for DER-grid interconnection and interoperability) and 1547.1 (test procedures for conformance to 1547) are establishing requirements and best practices for state-of-the-art DER including variable renewable energy sources. The revised standards will also address challenges associated with interoperability and transmission-level effects, in addition to strictly addressing the distribution grid needs. This paper provides the status and future direction of the ongoing development focus for the 1547 standards.
Neo-Aristotelian Ethics: Naturalistic or Phenomenological

This paper distinguishes four senses of naturalism: (1) reductive physicalism; (2) a naturalism (Foot, Hursthouse) that departs from what Thompson calls “natural-historical judgments”; (3) a naturalism (McDowell) that recognizes that physical nature is located within the space of reasons; and (4) a phenomenological naturalism that shifts the focus to the “natural” experiences of subjects who encounter the world. The paper argues for a “phenomenological neo-Aristotelianism” that accounts both for the internal justification of our first-order moral experience and the need for a broader grounding in a universalistic account of the goods of agency.
The Ideal Rectifier

To obtain low ac line current THD, the passive techniques described in the previous chapter rely on low-frequency transformers and/or reactive elements. The large size and weight of these elements are objectionable in many applications. This chapter covers active techniques that employ converters having switching frequencies much greater than the ac line frequency. The reactive elements and transformers of these converters are small, because their sizes depend on the converter switching frequency rather than the ac line frequency.
Participation of Residents in Neighborhood Community Action Programs

There are different kinds of occupations that vary from day to day, getting more complex and requiring new knowledge and skills in this modern world. Economic developments and the rapidly changing needs of members of the public encourage schools to frame the outcomes which are oriented towards responding to the exclusive competences depending on nowadays. The social workers who provide assistance to the client (person or group) take an important role in this period of change. Social worker activities are focused on activation and empowerment of the client, so in order to provide with adequate and effective assistance, the specialist must be able not only advise costumers on how they can get help from various social institutions, but also to provide coaching. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the theoretical assumptions of development opportunities of coaching competence in social worker training. Coaching is understood as the motivation and help in achieving specific goals, and is also self-directed learning based on cooperation. The importance of coaching as an innovative approach to social worker education is displayed in supervision during which people learn how to solve problems together. The study found that the coaching competence in social worker practice is one of the essential skills, developing leadership, management skills in social work and enabling clients to strengthen their power in solving personal problems. Coaching competence development and in-depth training of social workers is one of the most important phenomenons in social work practice, by encouraging clients to solve independently their own problems, to adapt to the changing conditions of society and to integrate into the labor market.
Innovative Water Management Technology to Reduce Environmental Impacts of Produced Water

Clemson University with Chevron as an industry partner developed and applied treatment technology using constructed wetland systems to decrease targeted constituents in simulated and actual produced waters to achieve reuse criteria and discharge limits. Pilot-scale and demonstration constructed wetland treatment system (CWTS) experiments led to design strategies for treating a variety of constituents of concern (COCs) in produced waters including divalent metals, metalloids, oil and grease, and ammonia. Targeted biogeochemical pathways for treatment of COCs in pilot-scale CWTS experiments included divalent metal sulfide precipitation through dissimilatory sulfate reduction, metal precipitation through oxidation, reduction of selenite to insoluble elemental selenium, aerobic biodegradation of oil, nitrification of ammonia to nitrate, denitrification of nitrate to nitrogen gas, separation of oil using an oilwater separator, and sorption of ammonia to zeolite. Treatment performance results indicated that CWTSs can be designed and built to promote specific environmental and geochemical conditions in order for targeted biogeochemical pathways to operate. The demonstration system successfully achieved consistent removal extents even while inflow concentrations of COCs in the produced water differed by orders of magnitude. Design strategies used in the pilot-scale and demonstration CWTSs to promote specific conditions that can be applied to designing full-scale CWTSs include plant andmore » soil selection, water-depth selection, addition of amendments, and hydraulic retention time (HRT). These strategies allow conditions within a CWTS to be modified to achieve ranges necessary for the preferred biogeochemical treatment pathways. In the case of renovating a produced water containing COCs that require different biogeochemical pathways for treatment, a CWTS can be designed with sequential cells that promote different conditions. For example, the pilot-scale CWTS for post-reverse osmosis produced water was designed to promote oxidizing conditions within the first wetland cell for nitrification of ammonia, and the subsequent three cells were designed to promote reducing conditions for denitrification of nitrate. By incorporating multiple wetland cells in a CWTS, the conditions within each cell can be modified for removal of specific COCs. In addition, a CWTS designed with multiple cells allows for convenient sample collection points so that biogeochemical conditions of individual cells can be monitored and performance evaluated. Removal rate coefficients determined from the pilot-scale CWTS experiments and confirmed by the demonstration system can be used to calculate HRTs required to treat COCs in full-scale CWTSs. The calculated HRTs can then be used to determine the surface area or ?footprint? of a full-size CWTS for a given inflow rate of produced water.« less
On the polarization relations of diurnal and semidiurnal tide in the mesopause region

Abstract The polarization relations for gravity waves are well known and have proven to be very powerful for the investigation of their dynamics. Though tides are sometimes regarded as low-frequency gravity waves, their polarization relations are hardly considered. We derive the polarization relationships of tides from the primitive equations for perturbations of a dissipation-less atmosphere. The vertical wind tide is found to relate directly to temperature tide, independent of tidal structure and geometric location. On the other hand, the relation between meridional wind tide and zonal wind tide is found to depend on the horizontal derivatives of the associated geopotential perturbation, thus depending on tidal structure and geometric location. Lidar observed tides at a local station (tidal period perturbations) in the midlatitude mesopause region (80–105 km) and the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT) based on Hough Mode Extension (HME) technique at the lidar site, both of which include the effect of dissipation, are then compared. These tidal amplitudes and phases are employed to discuss the results and implications of the derived tidal wave polarization relations. The dominance of the migrating tide follows from the phase relationship between zonal and meridional wind tides. By comparing the observed and derived vertical wind tides, we reveal qualitatively the altitude dependence of tidal wave dissipation.
EkoSonic Thrombolysis as a Therapeutic Adjunct in Venous Occlusive Disease.

Objective The use of ultrasound waves in conjunction with local thrombolysis may accelerate clot resolution and serve as an important therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of venous occlusive disease. Our goal was to provide a larger sample population over a 5-year period to evaluate our experience with the EkoSonic endovascular system (EKOS, EKOS Corporation, Bothell, WA). We suspected that ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis (UAT) using EKOS would provide excellent thrombolysis and midterm patency rates with minimal thrombolytic complications. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to provide a case series with UAT using EKOS. Data were collected over a 5-year period. Primary end points included degree of thrombolysis. Secondarily, we analyzed thrombolytic usage, complication rates, and midterm patency, over a 1-year period. Results A total of 48 limbs were treated with UAT. Forty cases were diagnosed as acute, whereas the remaining 8 were chronic. Complete thrombolysis was successful in 38/48 (79%) of patients, and partial thrombolysis was accomplished in 10/48 (21%) of patients. Overall mean infusion time was 22.4 hours ±3.6. There were a total of three complications (6%), all of which were minor bleeding. One-year patency was shown to be 87% with no signs of valvular reflux. Conclusion UAT using EKOS demonstrated effective rates of thrombolysis with very few complications. In addition, our 1-year patency rates were comparable to published data using conventional catheter-directed thrombolysis. UAT provides lytic therapy by utilizing the benefits of ultrasonic waves to help augment the fibrinolytic process. Our institution currently favors the use of EKOS as the treatment of choice in patients that are appropriate thrombolytic candidates.
Longitudinal polarization of positrons in Na 22 decay

Detailed descriptions are given of previously reported measurements of the longitudinal polarization (${P}_{L}$) of positrons in the allowed and unique second forbidden weak decays of $^{22}\mathrm{Na}$. The measurements were performed relative to the allowed decay of $^{68}\mathrm{Ga}$ by application of time-resolved spectroscopy of the n=1 hyperfine states of positronium formed in powder media. Assuming the theoretical value ${P}_{L}$${(\mathrm{}}^{68}$Ga)=\ensuremath{\beta}(0.999\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001), the results are ${P}_{L}$${(\mathrm{}}^{22}$Na, ${3}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${2}^{+}$)=\ensuremath{\beta}(+1.003\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011) and ${P}_{L}$${(\mathrm{}}^{22}$Na, ${3}^{+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${0}^{+}$)=\ensuremath{\beta}(+1.00\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05). The allowed decay result (combined with other $^{22}\mathrm{Na}$ experimental data on the decay rate, the capture ratio, the spectral shape, the \ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\gamma} directional correlation, and the weak magnetic form factor) yields a determination of the full weak form factor structure of the transition through second order in recoil. The experimental value for the capture ratio is currently considered to be anomalously low compared to theoretical estimates. Our polarization result is not, however, sufficiently accurate to definitively favor one or the other value. The forbidden decay result, together with model-dependent nuclear structure calculations, restricts the contribution of previously neglected higher-order corrections to the allowed decay to be less than ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$.
How American dentists helped pioneer oxygenation of general anesthetics worldwide.

Dentists Horace Wells and later William Morton introduced the world to general anesthesia with nitrous oxide and ether, respectively. During the latter half of the 1800s, some of their colleagues actually redefined anesthetic gas mixtures as ones including either room air or oxygen as a carrier gas. American dentists pioneered America's first series of bubble-through anesthetic vaporizers as well as early efforts in anesthesia literature and education. By the end of the 19th Century, America's leading dental supplier, S.S. White, was mass-producing an anesthesia apparatus which combined oxygen with nitrous oxide-- a template or catalyst for the design of anesthesia machines worldwide.
Bigger is not Always Better: Group Size and the Marketing Research Client-Sponsored Project

The group project is an important teaching tool in the undergraduate marketing research course. Because of the amount of time spent on such projects, the design and management of the projectby the instructor are important. A comparison of attitudes of members of large groups and of members of small groups toward project-related and group-related variables indicated the members of smaller research groups had more positive attitudes toward the project and toward the group experience.
Medizinische Dokumentation Integriert in den Routineschreibdienst

Durch Ausrustung des medizinischen Schreibdienstes mit Arbeitsplatzcomputern kann nicht nur die Routineschreibarbeit beschleunigt und qualitativ verbessert werden, es ergibt sich auch die Moglichkeit zur Nutzung des Schreibdienstes als wichtige Erfassungsstelle medizinischer Daten. Die fur die Datenerfassung benotigte Zeit resultiert aus der Zeitersparnisdurch Einsatz eines modernen Textverarbeitungspro-grammes. So konnen beispielsweise die Basisdokumentation, Befunddokumentationen, OP-Statistiken usw. ohne zusatzliches Personal im Rahmen des Schreibdienstes erfast werden.
Prediagnosis aspirin use and outcomes in a prospective cohort of esophageal cancer patients

Background:Esophageal cancer remains associated with poor outcomes, yet little is known regarding factors that influence survival. Aspirin use prior to cancer diagnosis may influence outcomes. We a...
Coleridge as Catalyst to Autobiography: the Wordsworthian Self as Therapeutic Gift, 1804–5

In Malta in December of 1804, while Wordsworth was working on the extended version of ‘the poem to Coleridge’, Coleridge imagined himself to himself in his Notebooks as follows: $${\text{W}}\,{\text{ + }}\,{\text{D}} + {\text{MW}} + {\text{SH}} + {\text{HDSC}} = {\text{STC}}$$ In this curious entry Coleridge equates his own identity with the seven human beings to whom he longs to be closest: William, Dorothy, and Mary Wordsworth; Sara Hutchinson; Hartley, Derwent, and Sara Coleridge (his children).1 This notebook entry also suggests just how complete was the identification between these two poets in Coleridge’s mind by the time he left England. But the 1805 text of Wordsworth’s autobiographical poem points toward a similar preoccupation with a poetic identity conceived of in terms of another person. The expansion of Wordsworth’s autobiographical work in 1804–5 reveals the important role played by the absent Coleridge in the production of an autobiographical epic which is a therapeutic gift from a speaker who is seen by himself and others as healthy, to a listener who is seen by himself and others as unwell.
Tract-based analysis of white matter integrity in psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder.

Abstract Background At least 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) present with psychosis during their lifetime. Psychotic symptoms have sometimes been linked to specific genetic and phenotypic markers. This study aims to explore potential differences between bipolar disorder subtypes by measuring white matter integrity of the brain and relationships with clinical measures. Methods Diffusion tensor imaging and clinical measures were acquired from 102 participants, grouped as psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) (n=48), non-psychotic bipolar disorder (NBD) (n=24), and healthy controls (n=30). We utilized a powerful, automated tool (TRACULA: Tracts Constrained by Underlying Anatomy) to analyze the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of 18 white matter tracts. Results Decreased FA in numerous tracts was observed in bipolar disorder groups compared to healthy controls: bilateral cingulum-cingulate gyrus bundles, corticospinal tracts, and superior longitudinal fasciculi as well as the right hemisphere cingulum-angular bundle. Only left uncinate fasciculus FA differed between PBD and NPBD groups. We found no group differences in MD. Positive symptoms correlated with FA in the superior (inversely) and inferior (directly) longitudinal fasciculi. Negative symptoms directly correlated with mean FA of the corticospinal tract and cingulum-angular bundle. Limitations Neurotropic, mood-stabilizing medication prescribed for individuals with BD may interact with measures of white matter integrity in our BD participants. Conclusion Our results indicate decreased white matter coherence in BD. Minimal differences in white matter FA between PBD and NPBD participants suggest related underlying neurobiology.
A big, bug science party

As I watch, a young child accepts a 7-cm-long cockroach into her outstretched hand. One onlooker shudders with aversion, but the others lean in with intense fascination. They are in the “Cockroach Cuddling Corner” of the annual Arizona Insect Festival ([ 1 ][1]), and soon each child is gently
Methods of Study up to 1963

The objectives of paleocurrent research are the identification, description and interpretation of the current patterns of the past.
Epidemiology And Patterns Of Care At The End Of Life: Rising Complexity, Shifts In Care Patterns And Sites Of Death

In 2015 an estimated 2.7 million people in the United States (1 percent of the population) died. Although decedents’ illness experience varies substantially, important trends in care at the end of life are evident. To identify the most pressing health care policy issues related to end-of-life care, we present a comprehensive picture of the epidemiology and care patterns of people in the last stage of life. We identify three key trends in end-of-life care: increasing diversity in the primary diagnoses of decedents, increases in multimorbidity and illness complexity among people with terminal illnesses, and shifts in patterns of care at the end of life and in sites of death. This changing epidemiology of those in the last phase of life puts new pressures on the Medicare hospice benefit to ensure the availability of high-quality end-of-life care. In addition, health care policy makers must grapple with the fact that even with increasing use of hospice care, care intensity increases at the end of life. We hig...
Energy and Area Efficient Near Field Inductive Coupling: A Case Study on 3D NoC

Near Field Inductive Coupling (NFIC) enables design of energy efficient and robust three-dimensional (3D) manycore systems. The associated design challenges and the trade-offs of the NFIC-based vertical links depend on achievable data-rates, energy and area overheads. In this work, we propose a holistic design flow that explores optimum energy and area efficient NFIC-link design as a communication backbone in a 3D manycore chip. Moreover, the design framework employs statistical link analysis to select optimum NFIC link configuration. The proposed NFIC-link design is significantly more efficient in terms of energy efficiency and area overhead compared to state-of-the-art counterpart. Energy efficiency and resiliency of NFIC-links are exploited in the context of a 3D NoC design. We demonstrate that overall reliability of the NFIC-enabled 3D NoC is significantly better compared to a conventional stand-alone TSV-based architecture.
Modeling a new design for extracting energy from geopressured geothermal reservoirs

Abstract Reducing geothermal energy recovery costs and environmental concerns has led to interest in modeling new borehole heat exchanger designs. These heat exchangers are environment-friendly because they inject all the geofluid back into the reservoir after harvesting its energy, resulting in zero mass withdrawal from the system. This study develops reduced-order reservoir models for quickly estimating production temperature and thermal recovery from borehole heat exchangers using inspectional analysis and predictive modeling. An inspectional analysis suggests that there are nineteen dimensionless numbers necessary to fully scale this design. These dimensionless numbers were used in the statistical modeling. A Box–Behnken experimental design was used to create the simulation runs. A rigorous sensitivity analysis was performed on these designed series of runs to identify the most important dimensionless groups in predicting the dimensionless response for different segments of time. The selected dimensionless groups along with the dimensionless production temperature and thermal recovery factor (response), were used in the regression models. The models were reduced and assessed using training and testing runs. Applications of the developed models are also presented. The approach presented in this paper is general and provides a means to interpret and develop predictive models from simulator outputs in other research areas.