cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Air-gap Discharge Characteristics of 750kV One Tower Double-circuit Transmission Line

In accordance with the project of 750 kV one-tower double-circuit transmission line to be constructed soon by Northwest China Grid Company Limited,the switching impulse(including long front time switching impulse),lightning impulse and power frequency of 750 kV one-tower double-circuit transmission line were experimentally investigated.An up-and-down test was applied to obtain the switching impulse and lighting impulse characteristic curve of air gap at the distance of 3～7 m.A flash-over test was applied to obtain the power frequency characteristic curve of air gap at the distance of 1～4 m.The discharge characteristics of different tower width show that the discharge voltage values of switching impulse and power frequency are reduced by the tower width increased.And the recommended minimum phase-ground insulation-gap values of 750 kV one-tower double-circuit transmission line at different altitudes are analyzed.The test results are closed to those from similar experiments of IEC,showing the reliability and comparability of this test.
Management of Stage a Prostate Cancer with a High Probability of Progression

For the patient with incidentally discovered prostatic cancer that has a high probability of progression further treatment may be indicated. Several studies have shown that survival free of disease is increased by additional therapy but the choice of treatment remains unclear. The lack of matched controls has prevented rigid statistical analysis of the efficacy of prostatectomy and radiotherapy or expectant management in the treatment of these tumors. A prior review of 251 patients with stage A prostate cancer provided a population base from which to perform a matched pair analysis between 30 control patients receiving no additional treatment and 30 patients treated by either prostatectomy or radiotherapy. A second and unpaired analysis was performed among patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (17), radiotherapy (31) and expectant management alone (33). The treated group achieved a significantly superior survival free of disease over the matched control group managed expectantly. The unpaired analysis again demonstrated the advantages of treatment over no treatment but failed to define a clear statistical difference between the 2 treated groups. Radical prostatectomy appeared to provide a recognizable advantage over radiotherapy in survival free of disease but was not statistically significant owing to the small size of the sample population.
Thunderclap Headache Associated with Pneumocephalus in Epidural Anesthesia (P06.152)

OBJECTIVE: To describe an uncommon cause of thunderclap headache in the peripartum setting. BACKGROUND: Headache resulting from dural puncture is almost always secondary to a cerebrospinal fluid leak and occurs post epidural anesthesia. Pneumocephalus may rarely occur in this setting but the pattern of headache and neurological deficits have not been well-described when occurring after dural puncture. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report from a tertiary medical center. RESULTS: A 30 year old healthy woman with a history of infrequent migraine without aura underwent lumbar epidural anesthesia for a delivery at term. Within seconds of catheter insertion she experienced a sudden, explosive, maximal at onset right frontal headache and neck pain, remarkably worse during recumbency but improved when upright. After an uneventful delivery she developed right ptosis, mydriasis, and binocular vertical diplopia on left gaze. Examination was notable for nuchal rigidity and a right third cranial nerve palsy. Brain MRI revealed air (pneumocephalus) in the left lateral ventricle and suprasellar cistern. The patient9s headache and ophthalmoparesis resolved with high flow oxygen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumocephalus following inadvertent intrathecal air administration should be considered as a possible etiology of thunderclap headache in the setting of epidural anesthesia. Clinical clues to the diagnosis that distinguish the syndrome from a CSF leak may include a severe headache at the onset of catheter insertion rather than a delayed pattern, and a headache that exacerbates in recumbency but abates when upright, which could reflect air recirculation to structures that are particularly pain sensitive or obstruct CSF flow. Disclosure: Dr. Honchar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robbins has nothing to disclose.
Modulating Salmonella Typhimurium's Response to a Changing Environment through Bacterial Enhancer-Binding Proteins and the RpoN Regulon.

Transcription sigma factors direct the selective binding of RNA polymerase holoenzyme (Eσ) to specific promoters. Two families of sigma factors determine promoter specificity, the σ70 (RpoD) family and the σ54 (RpoN) family. In transcription controlled by σ54, the Eσ54-promoter closed complex requires ATP hydrolysis by an associated bacterial enhancer-binding protein (bEBP) for the transition to open complex and transcription initiation. Given the wide host range of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, it is an excellent model system for investigating the roles of RpoN and its bEBPs in modulating the lifestyle of bacteria. The genome of S. Typhimurium encodes 13 known or predicted bEBPs, each responding to a unique intracellular or extracellular signal. While the regulons of most alternative sigma factors respond to a specific environmental or developmental signal, the RpoN regulon is very diverse, controlling genes for response to nitrogen limitation, nitric oxide stress, availability of alternative carbon sources, phage shock/envelope stress, toxic levels of zinc, nucleic acid damage, and other stressors. This review explores how bEBPs respond to environmental changes encountered by S. Typhimurium during transmission/infection and influence adaptation through control of transcription of different components of the S. Typhimurium RpoN regulon.
A Comparative Analysis Among the SRS M&M, NIS, and KID Databases for the Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Abstract Study Design Retrospective cohort analysis. Objectives A growing number of publications have utilized the Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) Morbidity and Mortality (MM KID 13.9 years, p Conclusions There are similarities and differences between the three databases. These discrepancies are likely due to the varying data-gathering methods each organization uses to collect their morbidity data. Level of Evidence Level IV.
Study of the effects of using anatomical priors in PET reconstruction

Presents preliminary results of a Monte-Carlo study in which the authors quantify the relative performance of several PET image reconstruction procedures. Through the use of ensemble averages they estimate bias and variance on a pixel-by-pixel basis and also for larger regions of interest (ROIs). They compare the performance of filtered back-projection (FBP), maximum likelihood (ML) and several maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimators. The MAP estimators are based on Markov random field image models with the following Gibbs energy functions: (i) quadratic, (ii) Geman and McClure (1985), (iii) weak membrane model, (iv) weak membrane with additional line process interactions. In all cases the MAP estimators use an automated procedure to chose the prior parameter which is based on the "L-curve" as described below. The weak membrane prior includes a line process which models the locations of discontinuities in image intensity. In cases where prior information, in the form of an anatomical MR image, is available concerning the potential locations of discontinuities in the PET image, this can be incorporated into the prior and used to influence the formation of boundaries. The impact of this additional information on the reconstructed image is quantified through the authors' Monte-Carlo study. Results indicate that MAP estimation procedures are able to reduce variance considerably, in comparison to ML, with a corresponding small increase in bias. The addition of boundary information results in further reductions in variance and reduced bias. >
Detección de salmueras en Marte mediante espectroscopia Raman

In the last few years, water ice and perchlorate salts capable of melting this ice and producing liquid solutions have been discovered at the surface and shallow subsurface of Mars. In addition to via melting of ice, perchlorate salts may also form liquid solutions by absorbing water vapor when the relative humidity is above a certain threshold in a process known as deliquescence. Formed either by melting or deliquescence, liquid solutions (brine) are the most likely way of liquid water activity on the Martian surface and in the shallow subsurface and are therefore important to understand the habitability of Mars. Using Raman spectroscopy, we provide reference spectra of various mixing states of liquid water, water ice and calcium perchlorate, all of which can occur during brine formation. We focus on the perchlorate symmetric stretching band and the O-H stretching vibrational band to distinguish brine from crystalline salt and water ice. We show that perchlorate brines can be identified by analyzing the peaks and their widths in the decomposed Raman spectra of the investigated samples. This serves as an important reference for future in-situ Raman spectrometers on Mars, such as those on the ExoMars and Mars 2020 rovers and can aid in the detection of brine formation on Mars.
Small Molecule Acceptor and Polymer Donor Crystallinity and Aggregation Effects on Microstructure Templating: Understanding Photovoltaic Response in Fullerene-Free Solar Cells

Perylenediimide (PDI) small molecule acceptor (SMA) crystallinity and donor polymer aggregation and crystallinity effects on bulk-heterojunction microstructure and polymer solar cell (PSC) performance are systematically investigated. Two high-performance polymers, semicrystalline poly[5-(2-hexyldodecyl)-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione-1,3-yl-alt-4,4″dodecyl-2,2′:5′,2″-terthiophene-5,5″-diyl] (PTPD3T or D1) and amorphous poly{4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate-2,6-diyl) (PBDTT-FTTE or D2), are paired with three PDI-based SMAs (A1–A3) of differing crystallinity (A1 is the most, A3 is the least crystalline). The resulting PSC performance trends are strikingly different from those of typical fullerene-based PSCs and are highly material-dependent. The present trends reflect synergistic aggregation propensities between the SMA and polymer components. Importantly, the active layer morphology is tem...
Treatment of fingertip and nail bed injuries

The techniques for treating lacerations, amputations and loss of tissue, and injury of the perionychium are described in detail. The various local and distal flaps used for reconstruction and their appropriate application are also discussed. Rehabilitation of the digital tips is based on adaptation of the sensitive part to gradually increasing frequency and duration of stimulation.
Deconstructing networks of p53-mediated tumor suppression in vivo

The transcription factor p53 is a vital tumor suppressor. Upon activation by diverse stresses including oncogene activation, DNA damage, hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, p53 activates a panoply of target genes and orchestrates numerous downstream responses that suppress tumorigenesis. Although early studies of p53 suggested that its ability to induce cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis programs accounted for its tumor-suppressor activity, more recent studies have challenged this notion. Moreover, p53 regulates a suite of additional processes, such as metabolism, stem cell function, invasion and metastasis. The processes p53 coordinately regulates to enact tumor suppression, and how such regulation occurs, thus remain elusive. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of p53-mediated tumor-suppressive mechanisms gleaned from in vivo studies in mouse models.
A Single Universal Force Field Can Uniquely Orient Non-Symmetric Parts

Recent work in parts handling advocates the investigation of a new generation of devices for parts feeding, sorting, positioning, and assembly. Unlike robot grippers, conveyor belts, or vibratory bowl feeders, these devices generate force fields in which the parts move until they may reach a stable equilibrium pose.
Exome and genome sequencing in reproductive medicine

The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled clinicians to assess many genes simultaneously and at high resolution. This is advantageous for diagnosing patients in whom a genetic disorder is suspected but who have a nonspecific or atypical phenotype or when the disorder has significant genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we describe common clinical applications of next-generation sequencing technology, as well as their respective benefits and limitations. We then discuss key considerations of variant interpretation and reporting, clinical utility, pre- and posttest genetic counseling, and ethical challenges. We will present these topics with an emphasis on their applicability to the reproductive medicine setting.
Variability in acceptance of organ offers by pediatric transplant centers and its impact on wait-list mortality.

Recent data have suggested that pediatric patients wait-listed for a liver transplantation frequently have liver offers declined. However, factors associated with liver offer decisions and center-level variability in practice patterns have not been explored. We evaluated United Network for Organ Sharing data on all match runs from May 1, 2007 to December 31, 2015 in which the liver was offered to ≥1 pediatric patient; the transplant recipient was ranked in the first 40 positions for the organ offer; and the donor was brain-dead and 10% increase in the risk of wait-list mortality for every 1% decrease in a center's adjusted liver offer acceptance rate (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.19). In conclusion, there is significant among-center variability in liver offer acceptance rates for pediatric patients that is not explained by donor and recipient factors. A center's liver acceptance behavior significantly impacts whether a pediatric patient will be transplanted or die on the waiting list. Liver Transplantation 24 803-809 2018 AASLD.
How to link geography, cross-curricular approach and inquiry in science education at the primary schools

ABSTRACTPupil research in school lessons in the sense of Inquiry-Based Education (IBE) is one of the constructivist approaches to education. Inquiry strengthens the positive approach of pupils to natural science subjects, encouraging them to study phenomena and processes taking place in the natural environment around them and use the acquired knowledge in their practical life. Geography as a school subject, due to the multidisciplinary nature of geography as a science, is close to natural sciences as well. This is because of the broadness of the subject of geographical studies, the complex (natural and cultural) landscape. The close links of geography to all cross-sectional themes make it a good support for teaching classical science subjects at schools such as mathematics, physics, chemistry or biology, environmental education. Moreover, the field teaching is one of the strong assets of the implementation of IBE in the school geography. Presented case study on the ‘effect of noise on the surroundings’ ex...
Mobilization Therapy in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Initiative

BACKGROUND Mobilization is safe and associated with improved outcomes in critically ill adults, but little is known about mobilization of critically ill children. OBJECTIVE To implement a standardized mobilization therapy protocol in a pediatric intensive care unit and improve mobilization of patients. METHODS A goal-directed mobilization protocol was instituted as a quality improvement project in a 20-bed cardiac and medical-surgical pediatric intensive care unit within an academic tertiary care center. The mobilization goal was based on age and severity of illness. Data on severity of illness, ordered activity limitations, baseline functioning, mobilization level, complications of mobilization, and mobilization barriers were collected. Goal mobilization was defined as a ratio of mobilization level to severity of illness of 1 or greater. RESULTS In 9 months, 567 patient encounters were analyzed, 294 (52%) of which achieved goal mobilization. The mean ratio of mobilization level to severity of illness improved slightly but nonsignificantly. Encounters that met mobilization goals were in younger (P = .04) and more ill (P < .001) patients and were less likely to have barriers (P < .001) than encounters not meeting the goals. Complication rate was 2.5%, with no difference between groups (P = .18). No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS A multidisciplinary, multiprofessional, goal-directed mobilization protocol achieved goal mobilization in more than 50% of patients in this pediatric intensive care unit. Undermobilized patients were older, less ill, and more likely to have mobilization barriers at the patient and provider level.
When Sentiment Analysis Meets Social Network: A Holistic User Behavior Modeling in Opinionated Data

User modeling is critical for understanding user intents, while it is also challenging as user intents are so diverse and not directly observable. Most existing works exploit specific types of behavior signals for user modeling, e.g., opinionated data or network structure; but the dependency among different types of user-generated data is neglected. We focus on self-consistence across multiple modalities of user-generated data to model user intents. A probabilistic generative model is developed to integrate two companion learning tasks of opinionated content modeling and social network structure modeling for users. Individual users are modeled as a mixture over the instances of paired learning tasks to realize their behavior heterogeneity, and the tasks are clustered by sharing a global prior distribution to capture the homogeneity among users. Extensive experimental evaluations on large collections of Amazon and Yelp reviews with social network structures confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The learned user models are interpretable and predictive: they enable more accurate sentiment classification and item/friend recommendations than the corresponding baselines that only model a singular type of user behaviors.
U. S. Broadband Pricing and Alternatives for Internet Service Providers

One facet contributing to the growth in demand for Internet services is the rise of residential broadband in the United States.1 While broadband access to Internet functionality has long been available to businesses at reasonably affordable prices, only within the last few years has this access become available widely to the residential consumer at affordable rates. In most areas, two technologies are being used to provide broadband Internet access at present: cable modems and xDSL. Current rates for cable modem service are generally between $39.95–49.95 per month and over 150 cable companies currently offer cable modem services in the North America.2 As of February 2000, Kinetic Strategies estimated that cable modem customers had reached over 2 million and that providers were adding an additional 5000 customers per day.3 TeleChoice, Inc. has reported that, as of the first quarter of 2000, 880,000 people had subscribed to xDSL service.4 The Appendix provides further information on xDSL and cable modem rollouts. In recent months, much attention has been focused on the various technologies used to provide broadband services. Strengths and weaknesses of these technologies have been examined and strategists and visionaries have shed much ink putting forth their views on which technology will triumph.
Duplicate medical records: a survey of Twin Cities healthcare organizations.

Abstract Duplicate medical records occur when a single patient is associated with more than one medical record number. This causes a dangerous and expensive issue for hospitals and health information technology. A survey was constructed to gather qualitative information from Twin Cities healthcare organizations. The goal was to determine baseline information regarding the recognition of the problems surrounding duplicate medical record creation and organizational strategies for resolutions. The survey demonstrated that all organizations acknowledged the importance and patient safety issue regarding the creation of duplicates but the strategies and solutions are varied. As defined in the Minnesota Alliance for Patient Safety 5 , the ultimate goal of this survey was to favorably impact patient safety. The deidentified results were disseminated to all participating organizations along with recommendations for system improvements in order to raise awareness of the issue and promote patient safety. Introduction Duplicate medical records occur when one patient is associated with more than one Medical Record Number, or MRN. The existence of duplicate records in a healthcare system is one of the most critical issues currently facing health information technology (HIT) departments
From the Outside In: Using a Whole-School Paradigm to Improve the Educational Success of Students with Trauma Histories and/or Neurodevelopmental Disabilities

In this chapter, we describe the critical role that safe and supportive school cultures play in the educational success of students impacted by trauma and students with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Centering on the stories of several real students and their families, the chapter explains how individual supports and services schools provide to these students, typically through the special education system—while an essential ingredient for supporting their progress—often fail to achieve desired results when not delivered in the context of a supportive school environment. Based on the experiences of these students, as well as important insights from research, we will argue for an educational approach that shifts perspective—that moves from the outside in—by first paying close attention to the educational context that surrounds students and then analyzing carefully the individualized services each particular student needs to succeed within that broader context. We will describe a process that the Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative (TLPI) has developed for helping educators create safe and supportive, trauma-sensitive school cultures and will argue that this process can also support the creation of inclusive school cultures that research suggests are critical for students with neurodevelopmental disabilities. The chapter concludes with implications for policy.
A Contemporary Kleinian Perspective on Trust: Discussion on “The Analyst’s Experience of Trust and Mistrust”

Dr. Novack presents a very stimulating and important paper discussing concepts of the analyst’s trust of the patient. Several issues are raised in my discussion, stemming from the difference between a phenomenological experience near analytic approach and a structural approach emphasizing unconscious processes in the analytic relationship. The first issue that I raise involves problems of power that reflect problems in the relationship of asymmetry and mutuality in general, and specifically as we focus on trust in the analytic relationship, which seems to demand an egalitarian relationship between patient and analyst. I discuss trust as involving experiences outside of conscious experience involving implicit relational knowing, the dynamics of projective identification, and the need for the analyst to symbolize—give voice to—the patient’s terrifying belief that she could never have a valued man. I suggest that the difficulty that arose with her patient, Julia, was not a casual mistake but could be seen wi...
A Preference for Revision Absent Objective Improvement

Things change. Things also get changed—often. Why? The obvious reason is that revising things often makes them better. We document a less obvious reason: revising things makes consumers think they are better, even absent objective improvement. Eleven studies document the preference for revision and provide insight into its psychological underpinnings. Studies 1A-1C document the effect among MBA students engaged in a resume revision process, while Studies 2 and 3 demonstrate the effect both experientially (eating candy) and via choice (of pens). Revisions are preferred even when trivially different from their predecessors (study 4A), and even when there is no difference between original and revised versions (study 4B). Consumers overgeneralize their belief that revisers intend to improve their creations, and that revisions represent the successful fruition of those intentions (studies 5A and 5B); as a result, consumers are relatively uncritical of flaws in purportedly revised products (a video game; study 6), unless cued to doubt that revisers can be trusted (study 7).
Potential Retrieval of Aerosol Microphysics From Multistatic Space-Borne Lidar

HSRL lidars are being considered for deployment to space to retrieve aerosol microphysics. The literature is mostly focused on the monostatic configuration; but, in this paper, we explore whether additional information for the retrieval of microphysics can be obtained by adding a second detector in a bistatic configuration. The information gained from the additional measurements can under certain conditions reduce the ill-posed nature of aerosol microphysics retrieval and reducing the uncertainty in the retrievals.
Explanation of early failure in porous media confined with flexible layers, considering thermo-osmosis, thermal-filtration and heat sink from fluid dilation

Abstract Coupled thermo-hydraulic-mechanical behavior of low permeable porous media is crucial to sustainability and efficiency of multiple operations such as thermal fracturing, geothermal, and radioactive-waste disposal. This work presents fully-coupled thermo-poroelastic solutions for transversely isotropic medium, incorporating three novel components: (a) thermo-osmosis, thermal-filtration, and heat sink due to fluid dilation; (b) transient heat transfer between source/sink and the target layer; and (c) vertical confinement governed by seal rock stiffness. The first component (a) is found to be most substantial subsequent to source/sink implementation, generating considerable pore pressures that dissipate over time. The ratio of fluid bulk module (Kf) to that of the solid phase (Ks) governs the importance of the aforementioned short-term thermal effects (inconsequential heat sink due to fluid dilation for Kf/Ks
Chapter 7 – DERIVATIVES

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of derivatives. The chapter discusses Dini derivatives. The mean values such as local minimum and local maximum are reviewed. The chapter presents the theorem of Rolle's theorem, generalized law of the mean, law of the mean, and l’Hospital's rule. The chapter discusses trigonometry. Trigonometry with angles—intuitive—led to the concept of trigonometric functions of a real variable, radians, and in this extension: (1) an arc of a circle has a length, (2) arcs of any length can be laid off on a circle, and (3) arc length is given by the usual formula, was assumed in the chapter. The chapter reviews the fundamental theorem of algebra. This theorem is important because it shows that the complex number field is algebraically complete in the sense that every nonconstant polynomial with complex coefficients has a complex root. The Fourier series is also reviewd in the chapter.
Measurement properties of the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS®) Itch Questionnaire: itch severity assessments in adults with atopic dermatitis

BACKGROUND Little is known about the validity of numeric rating scales (NRS) and verbal rating scales (VRS) for itch and itch frequency for assessing itch severity in atopic dermatitis (AD). We evaluated the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS® ) Itch Questionnaire (PIQ) - itch severity assessment, including multiple NRS, VRS and frequency of itch assessments, in adults with AD and compared their performance. METHODS Self-administered questionnaires and skin examinations were performed in 410 patients with AD (aged 18-90 years) in a dermatology practice setting. RESULTS PIQ NRS, VRS and frequency of itch had good content validity, strong correlations with one another (Spearman correlations P < 0·001) and weak-to-moderate correlations with patient-oriented eczema measure (POEM), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), objective SCORing AD (SCORAD) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) (P < 0·001) and very good discriminant validity. Changes from baseline in NRS, VRS and frequency of itch were moderately to strongly correlated with one another, and weakly to moderately correlated with other patient-reported (POEM, SCORAD itch, DLQI) and clinician-reported outcomes (EASI, objective SCORAD). NRS and VRS worst itch and average itch showed moderate-to-good test-retest reliability. There were no floor or ceiling effects for NRS or VRS itch, but there were ceiling effects for itch frequency. Each assessment was completed in < 1 min by all patients. CONCLUSIONS NRS, VRS and frequency of itch items from PIQ - itch severity showed good content and construct validity, reliability, and/or responsiveness in adults with AD, and were feasible for use in clinical trials and practice. What is already known about this topic? Numeric rating scales (NRS), verbal rating scales (VRS) and frequency of itch have been used to assess the burden of itch. However, there have been limited results demonstrating their validity, responsiveness, interpretability and feasibility, particularly in atopic dermatitis (AD). What does this study add? This study demonstrated that NRS, VRS and frequency of itch items from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System (PROMIS® ) Itch Questionnaire (PIQ) - itch severity assessments had good construct validity, responsiveness, reliability and feasibility in the assessment of adult AD. PIQ NRS, VRS and frequency of itch all appear to have sufficient validity, reliability and feasibility for use as assessments of itch in adults with AD in clinical practice and trials. What are the clinical implications of this work? PIQ NRS and VRS are all simple, valid, reliable and feasible for use in clinical practice and trials to assess itch in adults with AD. Linked Comment: Oosterhaven. Br J Dermatol 2020; 183:802-803.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of β-Enaminoamide Zinc Complexes

Novel β-enaminoamide zinc complexes were synthesized by reacting N,N-diethy-3-(isobutylamino)-2-butenamide (1) and N,N-dimethy-3-(isobutylamino)-2-butenamide (2), with diethylzinc to afford the desired zinc bis (β-enaminoamidate) complexes 3 and 4. Compounds 3 and 4 were recrystallized to afford high-quality single crystals which were characterized by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. Complex 3, [C24H46N4O2Zn], crystallized as monomer in the triclinic space group P-1 with cell parameters: a = 10.5405(8) A, b = 10.7725(9) A, c = 13.3097(11) A, α = 104.806(7)°, β = 106.642(7)°, γ = 104.704(7)°, V = 1309.8(2) A3, Z = 2. Complex 4, [C20H38N4O2Zn], also crystallized as a monomer in the monoclinic space group C with cell parameters: a = 17.0683(7) A, b = 13.0259(3) A, c = 11.5136(5) A, α = γ = 90°, β = 116.400(5)°, V = 2292.86(15) A3, Z = 4. The β-enaminoamide zinc complexes were obtained by reacting 2 equivalents of the appropriate free ligand with 1 equivalent of diethyl zinc to afford the desired β-enaminoamide zinc complex.
β-HPV 8E6 combined with TERT expression promotes long-term proliferation and genome instability after cytokinesis failure

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a family of viruses divided into five genera: alpha, beta, gamma, mu, and nu. There is an ongoing discussion about whether beta genus HPVs (β-HPVs) contribute to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The data presented here add to this conversation by determining how a β-HPV E6 protein (β-HPV 8E6) alters the cellular response to cytokinesis failure. Specifically, cells were observed after cytokinesis failure was induced by dihydrocytochalasin B (H2CB). β-HPV 8E6 attenuated the immediate toxicity associated with H2CB but did not promote long-term proliferation after H2CB. Immortalization by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation also rarely allowed cells to sustain proliferation after H2CB exposure. In contrast, TERT expression combined with β-HPV 8E6 expression allowed cells to proliferate for months following cytokinesis failure. However, this continued proliferation comes with genome destabilizing consequences. Cells that survived H2CB-induced cytokinesis failure suffered from changes in ploidy.
Novel phenolic antimicrobials enhanced activity of iminodiacetate prodrugs against biofilm and planktonic bacteria

Prodrugs are pharmacologically attenuated derivatives of drugs that undergo bioconversion into the active compound once reaching the targeted site, thereby maximizing their efficiency. This strategy has been implemented in pharmaceuticals to overcome obstacles related to absorption, distribution, and metabolism, as well as with intracellular dyes to ensure concentration within cells. In this study, we provide the first examples of a prodrug strategy that can be applied to simple phenolic antimicrobials to increase their potency against mature biofilms. The addition of (acetoxy)methyl iminodiacetate groups increases the otherwise modest potency of simple phenols. Biofilm-forming bacteria exhibit a heightened tolerance toward antimicrobial agents, thereby accentuating the need for new antibiotics as well as those, which incorporate novel delivery strategies to enhance activity toward biofilms.
MOCHA: Multinode Cost Optimization in Heterogeneous Clouds with Accelerators

FPGAs have been widely deployed in public clouds, e.g., Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Huawei Cloud. However, simply offloading accelerated kernels from CPU hosts to PCIe-based FPGAs does not guarantee out-of-pocket cost savings in a pay-as-you-go public cloud. Taking Genome Analysis Toolkit (GATK) applications as case studies, although the adoption of FPGAs reduces the overall execution time, it introduces 2.56× extra cost, due to insufficient application-level speedup by Amdahl's law. To optimize the out-of-pocket cost while keeping high speedup and throughput, we propose Mocha framework as a distributed runtime system to fully utilize the accelerator resource by accelerator sharing and CPU-FPGA partial task offloading. Evaluation results on Haplotype Caller (HTC) and Mutect2 in GATK show that on AWS, Mocha saves on the application cost by 2.82x for HTC, 1.06x for Mutect2 and on Huawei Cloud by 1.22x, 1.52x respectively than straightforward CPU-FPGA integration solution with less than 5.1% performance overhead.
Comment on: “Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density and ‘relativistic polarization’ of a moving current loop”

We show that the attack on my paper, “Complete Lorentz transformation of a charge-current density,” by Kholmetskii, Missevitch, and Yarman in their paper, “Lorentz transformation of a charge-curren...
Cryogenic Electronics Development for High-Energy Physics: An Overview of Design Considerations, Benefits, and Unique Challenges

In the quest to study the fundamental nature of matter and the universe, high-energy physics (HEP) experiments often operate in extreme conditions that lie well outside the standard operating range of integrated circuits (ICs). Two prominent examples of such extreme environments are 1) the irradiation levels experienced at high luminosity colliders and 2) operation at cryogenic temperatures [1]. Cryogenic electronics is a broad term that encompasses circuits operating at temperatures below the standard operating limit (m55 dC in the case of military grade electronics), all of the way down to millikelvin, as in the case of superconducting circuits. Cryogenic circuits have a long history [2] and have found applications in a broad spectrum of applications, such as infrared focal plane arrays, positron emission tomography, and quantum science. While CMOS circuits have been reliably operated at deep-cryogenic temperatures (l 4.2 K), this article focuses on applications down to liquid nitrogen (77 K) and provides an overview of the design considerations, benefits, and unique challenges pertaining to cryogenic CMOS ICs for large HEP experiments.
The effects of relocating the reference desk on the circulation desk

In most libraries, the Circulation Desk and the Reference Desk have a complicated relationship. Their physical proximity to each other can affect where patrons go to get assistance and what kinds o...
Stealing Indian Women: Native Slavery in the Illinois Country

Review of: "Stealing Indian Women: Native Slavery in the Illinois Country," by Carl J. Ekberg.
The enterprise for ASEAN initiative in the emerging Asia-Pacific context: a politico-economic assessment

Although economic integration under the rubric of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) has been relatively lackluster, bilateral and regional accords in the Asia-Pacific region have been proceeding at an unprecedented pace. This paper considers the economics and political economy of the US-ASEAN Enterprise for asean Initiative (EAI) in the context of the rapidly changing policy environment in Asia. The paper gives an extensive review of the asean Economic Integration and “ASEAN Plus Three” Initiatives, in addition to a statistical and econometric treatment of the us-asean economic relationship and the implications of the EAI. It concludes that the EAI makes sense for the United States and ASEAN from both economic and politico-economic perspectives. JEL classification: F15
There is hope for the future: national survey results reveal that geriatric medicine fellows are well-educated in end-of-life care

OBJECTIVES: To assess the status of geriatric medicine (GM) fellows' training experiences in end-of-life care via self-report. DESIGN: Anonymous surveys completed by mail, Web access, and telephone. SETTING: U.S. accredited GM fellowship training programs. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred ninety-six surveys were sent to graduating GM fellows in 1- and 2-year programs across the Unites States. MEASUREMENTS: Measurements assessed self-reported attitudes, quantity and quality of end-of-life care education, preparation to provide care, and perceived value of caring for dying patients. RESULTS: Response rate was 74%. Ninety-five percent or more of respondents held positive views about physicians' responsibility and ability to help dying patients. Seventy percent of fellows had completed a rotation focused on end-of-life care. Fellows who had done such rotations rated their end-of-life care education as highly as their overall geriatrics training. Fellows frequently received teaching in many end-of-life care topics, with lower rates of teaching how to say goodbye and responding to requests for assisted suicide. Overall, fellows felt well prepared to care for dying patients. Four factors independently predicted such preparedness: having had a palliative or end-of-life care rotation, being female, having been taught how to say goodbye to patients, and perceiving that it is important to attending physicians that fellows learn to care for dying patients. CONCLUSION: GM fellows feel their end-of-life care education is excellent and feel prepared to take care of dying patients. It is critical that geriatricians in training have access to and take advantage of palliative and end-of-life care rotations.
Nanoscale materials and devices for future communication networks

New discoveries in materials on the nanometer- length scale are expected to play an important role in addressing ongoing and future challenges in the field of communication. Devices and systems for ultra-high-speed short- and long-range communication links, portable and power-efficient computing devices, high-density memory and logics, ultra-fast interconnects, and autonomous and robust energy scavenging devices for accessing ambient intelligence and needed information will critically depend on the success of next-generation emerging nanomaterials and devices. This article presents some exciting recent developments in nanomaterials that have the potential to play a critical role in the development and transformation of future intelligent communication networks.
Contours for Planar Cracks Growing in Three Dimensions: Influence of Kinetic Energy

Dynamic steady-state growth in 3D of a semi-infinite plane brittle crack in isotropic elastic solids is considered. Loads cause growth by translating on the crack surfaces at constant, subcritical speed. An analytical solution is obtained and subjected to a criterion for brittle crack growth based on dynamic energy release rate, with kinetic energy included. The result is a nonlinear differential equation for the crack contour, i.e., the curve formed by the crack edge in the crack plane. The equation is studied for the case of compression loading by translating point forces. At large distances from the forces, the crack edge asymptotically approaches the rectilinear and kinetic energy effects can be negligible. A bulge forms around the forces, however, the effect of kinetic energy on its size can be pronounced.
RF Ion Source-Driven IEC Design and Operation

The next step needed to achieve higher neutron yields and improved neutron production efficiency with Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) sources requires operation with an external ion source so that the reaction chamber pressure is controlled separately for the source pressure. This paper presents recent progress in IEC research at the UIUC using a unique external ion source ILLIBS (Illinois Ion Beam Source). When filled with deuterium, the IEC provides {approx}10{sup 8} 2.5-MeV D-D fusion neutrons/sec at steady-state. The design and operation of a radiofrequency (RF) ion gun designed for this purpose is also discussed.
A discontinuous Galerkin method for transient analysis of wave propagation in unbounded domains

A technique based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method is developed and applied to the derivation of an absorbing boundary condition for the analysis of transient wave propagation. The condition is exact in that only discretization error is involved. Furthermore, the computational cost associated with use of the condition is an order of magnitude lower than for conditions based on Green functions. The time-stepping scheme resulting from an implicit method in conjunction with this boundary condition appears to be unconditionally stable.
The Risk of Malignancy Associated with the Use of Biological Agents in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

In this review, the available data regarding the risk of lymphoma, skin cancers, and other malignancies associated with biological agents that are approved and those under investigation for use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are highlighted. How providers may approach the use of these agents in various clinical scenarios is discussed. This review may help providers better understand the true risk of malignancy associated with these agents, thereby leading to an enhanced communication process with patients with IBD when therapeutic decisions are being made.
Extracting spectral albedo from NOAA-9 AVHRR multiple view data using an atmospheric correction procedure and an expert system

A 100 km by 200 km area of the Sahel was selected to demonstrate a new method of extracting hemispherical reflectance (albedo) from directional satellite data. Utilizing a stratification of the Gao region of Mali based on soil texture, satellite data for homogeneous areas were selected. These data were employed in a knowledge-based expert system called VEG, which is designed to handle a wide variety of types of input data. The calculated directional reflectance factors at ground level are very similar to ground measurements noted in the literature.
The effect of alkalinity of Class F PC fly ash on metal release

Thirty-five samples of Class F fly ash from pulverized coal (PC) combustion boilers were leached with deionized water, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid. The release of metal ions from fly ash was related to the pH of the leachant solution and to the alkalinity of the ash. The maximum soluble concentration of the metallic elements was measured when the pH of the leachate was less than 5. Twenty-three of the samples were strongly alkaline and buffered the leachate until the ash was neutralized. The leachate from the other 13 samples became acidic with the addition of less than 1 L of 0.1 N acid. The alkalinity of the ash and the volume of acid required to neutralize it were a function of the Ca concentration.
Consumer empowerment: public policy and insurance regulation

This paper explores consumer advocacy as it applies to insurance regulation based on the literature and on the author's experience as a consumer representative and member of the Board of Trustees for the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). The NAIC, founded in 1871, is a non-profit voluntary organization of the chief insurance regulatory officials of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. One of its key objectives is to facilitate the fair and equitable treatment of consumers. Each year 13–16 consumer representatives are selected to speak for consumers at national meetings in addition to serving as year-round resources to consumers, attorneys representing consumers, regulators, and other groups. Readers of the paper are encouraged to participate more fully in the public policy process. Although the focus of this paper is on insurance and regulation in the USA, the guiding principles apply to other nations, organizations, and consumer causes.
Sex differences in attitudes towards newborn infants among women of Mexican origin.

This paper analyzes a data set on women of Mexican origin delivering in Los Angeles hospitals in order to examine whether Mexican womens attitudes toward their 1st-born infants are influenced by the sex of the child either alone or in combination with other factors such as the difficulty of labor and delivery or the womans social support system. The authors hypothesize that the mothers attitude toward the 1st child will be determined primarily by factors other than the childs sex since there is evidence to suggest equal sex preference among women in Latin culture. They predict that the most negative attitudes would be expressed in the case of an unplanned pregnancy of a child being born into an unstable family or with physical abnormalities. The women described in this paper are all from the Mestizo or Hispanicized peoples from Mexico. The analyses are based on interviews with a sample of 518 low risk women. Data on the medical course of their labor and delivery was also collected from their medical charts. The operationalization and measurement of each predictive variable are explained. Sex differences in womens evaluations of their children were examined with Chi-Square analyses. As expected almost no differences on any attitude measure were found. In general the mothers were very pleased with their infants whether male or female although there is a suggestion that if they were disappointed they were more likely to be displeased with a female infant than with a male. Regression analyses more sensitive for picking up sex differences than the simple Chi-Square were performed to determine which of the predictive variables were most related to the mothers attitude. Results show that sex was not a predictive variable. Contrary to what was predicted whether or not the baby was planned appeared to be relatively unimportant in the mothers attitude toward her child. A 2nd surprising finding was that the womans experience of birth was unrelated to her evaluation of her child. The social support system had a significant impact on the mothers evaluation of her child. For both boys and girls social support from the babys father was associated with a positive attitude toward infants. Women were significantly more negative toward their infants if they had a poor relationship with the babys father. Finally the more acculturated women expressed less positive attitudes toward their newborns; this relationship was slightly stronger for girls than boys.