cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature resistance of Salmonella in low-water activity whey protein powder as influenced by salt content.

Salmonella can survive in low-water activity (a(w)) foods for long periods of time. Water activity and the presence of solutes may affect its survival during heating. Low-a(w) products that contain sodium levels above 0.1 % (wt/wt) and that have been involved in major Salmonella outbreaks include peanut products and salty snacks. Reduced a(w) protects against thermal inactivation. There is conflicting information regarding the role of salt. The aim of this study was to determine whether NaCl influences the survival of Salmonella in low-a(w) whey protein powder independent of a(w) at 70 and 80 °C. Whey protein powders of differing NaCl concentrations (0, 8, and 17 % [wt/wt]) were equilibrated to target a(w) levels 0.23, 0.33, and 0.58. Powders were inoculated with Salmonella, vacuum sealed, and stored at 70 and 80 °C for 48 h. Cells were recovered on nonselective differential media. Survival data were fit with the Weibull model, and first decimal reduction times (δ) (measured in minutes) and shape factor values (β) were estimated. The influence of temperature, a(w), and salinity on Weibull model parameters (δ and β) was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results showed that a(w) significantly influenced the survival of Salmonella at both temperatures, increasing resistance at decreasing a(w). Sodium chloride did not provide additional protection or inactivation of Salmonella at any temperature beyond that attributed to a(w). The Weibull model described the survival kinetics of Salmonella well, with R2 adj and root mean square error values ranging from 0.59 to 0.97 and 0.27 to 1.07, respectively. Temperature and a(w) influenced δ values (P 0.05). β values were not significantly influenced by temperature, a(w), or % NaCl (P > 0.05). This study indicates that information on salt content in food may not help improve predictions on the inactivation kinetics of Salmonella in low-a(w) protein systems within the a(w) levels and temperatures studied.
Photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer of hydrogen-bonded p-nitrophenylphenol-methylamine complex in solution.

Proton-coupled electron transfer can occur through concerted (electron–proton transfer, EPT) or sequential mechanisms, but this distinction becomes less well-defined for photoinduced reactions. These issues have been examined with transient absorption experiments on a hydrogen-bonded complex consisting of p-nitrophenylphenol and t-butylamine. These experiments revealed two spectroscopically distinct states: the higher-energy excited state was interpreted to be a conventional intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state within the p-nitrophenylphenol, whereas the lower-energy state was interpreted to be an ICT-EPT state, where photoexcitation resulted in both ICT and the shifting of electronic density corresponding to effective proton transfer from the phenol to the amine. In the present work, the singlet excited states of the hydrogen-bonded p-nitrophenylphenol–methylamine complex in 1,2-dichloroethane are studied with time-dependent density functional theory and higher-level ab initio methods. The calculat...
Migration in China

Since the early 1980 China has witnessed a significant increase in migration of all forms. In this chapter, we aim to review major developments in internal migration, emigration from China, and to some extent international migration to China. Our review focuses on data sources of studying these types of migrations, major patterns and debates, and causes and consequences of migration waves. For the most part, we will focus on the period after 1949, the founding of the People’s Republic. Given there is a large increase in both internal and international migration after 1978, we pay particular attention to the post-1978 period. We discuss in the order of internal migration in China, emigration from China, and recent international migration to China. Our conclusion section highlights key points of our chapter and identify major research priorities for the future, including the study of migrant children, migration and return migration of highly educated and wealthy individuals, and an agenda of comparative studies of migration.
SME Internationalization in Emerging Markets: Symbiotic vs. Commensal Pathways

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to develop, test, and validate the symbiotic networking concept of SMEs internationalization pathways. Design/Methodology/Approach – Survey data were collected from managers/owners of SMEs operating in the textile industry in China and Russia. The applied data analysis technique employed is structural equation modeling. The survey was pretested to address reliability, validity, and cross-cultural stability issues. Findings – The symbiotic networking relationships in SMEs were shown to be positively related to their degree of internationalization. The relationship between networking and internationalization is significantly stronger in the conditions of high rather than low environmental turbulence. Research Limitations/Implications – Further research should validate the findings in other industries and other countries. Future research may also include in the model other cultural, attitudinal, environmental, and managerial variables, as well as other dependent variables, first of all from consumer behavior and marketing communications fields. Practical Implications – The findings may assist in identifying networking clusters of SMEs in emerging economies that are more likely to enter foreign markets and develop more targeted support and educational programs aimed at facilitating the internationalization of small businesses. The research results also assist in the elaboration of managerial tools in multinational entrepreneurial businesses. Originality/Value – The research contributes to the field by empirically investigating, testing, and putting into a unified framework the measurement tools required for identifying the symbiotic networking interactions of SMEs and the influence of these interactions on SME internationalization pathways.
A low level analysis of Cellular Automata and Random Boolean Networks as a computational architecture

With the transition from single-core to multi-core computing and CMOS technology reaching its physical limits, new computing architectures which are scalable, robust, and low-power are required. A promising alternative to conventional computing architectures are Cellular Automata (CA) networks and Random Boolean Networks (RBN), where simple computational nodes combine to form a network that is capable of performing a larger computational task. It has previously been shown that RBNs can offer superior characteristics over mesh networks in terms of robustness, information processing capabilities, and manufacturing costs while the locally connected computing elements of a CA network provide better scalability and low average interconnect length. This study presents a low level hardware analysis of these architectures using a framework which generates the HDL code and netlist of these networks for various network parameters. The HDL code and netlists are then used to simulate these new computing architectures to estimate the latency, area and power consumed when implemented on silicon and performing a pre-determined computation. We show that for RBNs, information processing is faster compared to a CA network, but CA networks are found to a have lower and better distribution of power dissipation than RBNs because of their regular structure. A well-established task to determine the latency of operation for these architectures is presented for a good understanding of the effect of non-local connections in a network. Programming the nodes for this purpose is done externally using a novel self-configuration algorithm requiring minimal hardware. Configuration for RBNs is done by sending in configuration packets through a randomly chosen node. Logic for identifying i the topology for the network is implemented for the nodes in the RBN network to enable compilers to analyze and generate the configuration bit stream for that network. On the other hand, the configuration of the CA network is done by passing in configuration data through the inputs on one of the sides of the cell array and shifting it into the network. A study of the overhead of the network configuration and topology identification mechanisms are presented. An analysis of small-world networks in terms of interconnect power and information propagation capability has been presented. It has been shown that small-world networks, whose randomness lies between that of completely regular and completely irregular networks, are realistic while providing good information propagation capability. This study provides valuable information to help designers make decisions for various performance parameters for both RBN and CA networks, and thus to find the best design for the application under consideration.
Analysis of gain-scheduling implementation for the NREL 5-MW turbine blade pitch controller

Gain scheduling for the widely-used NREL 5-MW proportional-integral blade pitch controller can be implemented either by the original documented method (Integrate First): integrate the generator speed error before multiplying by the gain-scheduling correction factor, or the Multiply First method: multiply the generator speed error by the gain-scheduling correction factor, then integrate. The results of the Multiply First implementation are straightforward: the effective proportional and integral gains are simply the unscheduled gains multiplied by the value of the gain-scheduling function evaluated at the pitch operating point for the average wind speed. However, the original (Integrate First) implementation effectively reduces the proportional and integral gains significantly further than the Multiply First implementation, with the difference becoming more severe as wind speed increases. Integrating First results in effective gain reductions of 34% at 13 m/s and 41% at 18 m/s compared to Multiplying First. Further, this effective gain reduction disappears if the baseline pitch controller is augmented with a feedforward control signal whose average value is the pitch operating point. These effects are explained through analysis of a simplified version of the gain-scheduling feedback loop and verified through simulation. Simulation results also show that when effective gains are corrected to match each other, Integrating First improves performance compared to Multiplying First. This gain correction is not feasible for real-world implementation, but a simple change to the gain-scheduling function f(u) instead is feasible and is shown to have almost the same effect. Lifetime performance metrics for Integrating First with the new f(u) show a 4% reduction in tower base moment, a 2% reduction in blade root moment, a 4% reduction in RMS pitch rate, and a 10% reduction in RMS power error compared to Multiplying First.
Self-perceived competence and social acceptance of young children who stutter: Initial findings.

Abstract Purpose The goals of this study were to determine whether young children who stutter (CWS) perceive their own competence and social acceptance differently than young children who do not stutter (CWNS), and to identify the predictors of perceived competence and social acceptance in young speakers. Method We administered the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSA; Harter & Pike, 1984) to 13 CWS and 14 CWNS and examined group differences. We also collected information on the children’s genders, temperaments, stuttering frequencies, language abilities, and phonological skills to identify which of these factors predicted PSPCSA scores. Results CWS, as a group, did not differ from CWNS in their perceived general competence or social acceptance. Gender predicted scores of perceived general competence, and stuttering frequency predicted perceived social acceptance. Temperament, language abilities, and phonological skills were not significant predictors of perceived competence or social acceptance in our sample. Conclusions While CWS did not significantly differ from CWNS in terms of perceived competence and social acceptance, when both talker groups were considered together, girls self-reported greater perceived competence than boys. Further, lower stuttering frequency was associated with greater perceived social acceptance. These preliminary findings provide motivation for further empirical study of the psychosocial components of childhood stuttering. Learning outcomes Readers will be able to describe the constructs of perceived competence and social acceptance in young children, and whether early stuttering plays a role in the development of these constructs.
Recent Extensions to Topological and Nonlinear Aspects of Wave Digital Filter Theory

The Wave Digital Filter approach can be used to create computational models of lumped reference systems, including rectilinear mechanical, rotational mechanical, acoustical, and electronic systems. When they are applicable, Wave Digital Filters enjoy properties including modularity, accuracy, and guaranteed incremental passivity that make them attractive in the context of musical instrument and audio effect simulation. However, the class of reference systems that can be modeled with Wave Digital Filters has historically been restricted to systems with simple topologies (which can be decomposed entirely into series and parallel connections) and which contain only a single “nonadaptable” element (e.g., a diode, ideal source, or switch). This talk details recent Wave Digital Filter advances from Stanford University's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics (CCRMA), which broaden the applicability of Wave Digital Filters to reference systems with any topology and an arbitrary number of nonlinearit...
PRAGMATISM AND INFERENTIALISM

Although Brandom does not go so far as to say that a pragmatist attitude to the relation between semantics and pragmatics requires an inferentialist semantics, his motivating arguments strongly suggest that a pragmatist ought to be an inferentialist. In what follows, I discuss the connections between Brandom’s pragmatism and his inferentialism. I’ll argue that pragmatism, as Brandom initially describes it—the view that “semantics must answer to pragmatics”—does not favor an inferentialist approach to semantics over a truth-conditional one. I’ll then consider whether inferentialism might be ∗I am grateful to members of my Spring 2006 seminar onMaking It Explicit for helping me work through this material. A deeper debt is owed to Bob Brandom, who taught me both how and why to do philosophy. †Department of Philosophy, 314 Moses Hall #2390, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2390. E-mail: jgm@berkeley.edu. 1Throughout this paper, I’ll cite Brandom 1994 as “MIE” and Brandom 2000 as “AR.”
Mining of Association Rules

Mining of association rules from databases has attracted great interest because of its potentially very useful applications. Association rules are derived from a type of analysis that extracts information from coincidence [ Blaxton and Westphal, 1998]. Sometimes called market basket analysis, this methodology allows a data analyst to discover correlations, or co-occurrences of transactional events. In the classic example, consider the items contained in a customer’s shopping cart on any one trip to a grocery store. Chances are that the customer’s own shopping patterns tend to be internally consistent, and that he/she tends to buy certain items on certain days. There might be many examples of pairs of items that are likely to be purchased together. This is the kind of information the store manager could use to make decisions about where to place items in the store so as to increase sales. This information can be expressed in the form of association rules. Such information may have tremendous potential on the marketing of new or existing products. This is the kind of approach used by many enterprises (such as Amazon.com for instance) to recommend new or existing products to their customers. Mining of association rules is applicable to many more domains [ Bayardo, et al., 1999]. This chapter is based on the results discussed in [ Yilmaz, et al., 2003].
An inductive ethnographic study in elderly woman technology adoption and the role of her children

Elderly woman strives to have a streamlined life surrounded by ease and familiarity. As she is aging, her desire for simplicity grows, her self-efficacy weakens, her prudency intensifies and her overall inclination toward status quo strengthens. As a result, she delays, or refuses, making any decision that might bring complexity and disrupt the continuity in her life, particularly new and unfamiliar technologies (which often bring complexity, before providing ease). Consequently, her technology adoption has a much lower rate than that of other demographics.
The Red Route to Open Access?: Scholarly Publishing and the Politics of National Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine

Ukraine has adopted a distinctive approach to open access, in which the full text of all journals published in the country is added to a national repository. We analyze this initiative and its underlying legal mandate, placing them in cultural and historical context and comparing them with existing models of open access. L’Ukraine a adopte une approche distincte au libre-acces : les articles de tous les journaux du pays sont integralement verses dans un depot national. Nous avons analyse cette initiative et ses implications juridiques dans un contexte culturel et historique et mis en comparaison a d’autres modeles de liber-acces.
TRPC Channels and Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, which involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons that are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) region. Many factors have been identified that could lead to Parkinson’s disease; however, almost all of them are directly or indirectly dependent on Ca2+ signaling. Importantly, though disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in Parkinson’s disease and other neuronal diseases, the identity of the calcium channel remains elusive. Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channel family have been identified as a new class of Ca2+ channels, and it could be anticipated that these channels could play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, especially in PD. Thus, in this chapter we have entirely focused on TRPC channels and elucidated its role in PD.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF AUTOMATED PHOTOGRAMMETRICPROCESSING OF LARGE DATASETS

Abstract. The paper reports some comparisons between commercial software able to automatically process image datasets for 3D reconstruction purposes. The main aspects investigated in the work are the capability to correctly orient large sets of image of complex environments, the metric quality of the results, replicability and redundancy. Different datasets are employed, each one featuring a diverse number of images, GSDs at cm and mm resolutions, and ground truth information to perform statistical analyses of the 3D results. A summary of (photogrammetric) terms is also provided, in order to provide rigorous terms of reference for comparisons and critical analyses.
Unexplained High Activity of Aspartate Aminotransferase in an Asymptomatic Pediatric Patient

Elevated enzyme activities in plasma may at times be attributed to the presence of macro-enzymes. The macro-enzymes are often serum enzymes in complex with immunoglobulins, resulting in a greater molecular mass that cannot be filtered by renal glomeruli and are, hence, retained in the plasma. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) can exist as a macro-enzyme, although it has been rarely reported. We describe a pediatric patient with persistently elevated serum AST activity, due to macro-enzyme formation between AST and an immunoglobulin. This is to highlight the importance of early diagnosis of macro-AST in an otherwise asymptomatic pediatric patient with isolated AST-elevation and to avoid unnecessary costly testing.
Fish Neoplasms Found at High Prevalence in Polluted Waters

High frequencies of neoplasms have been found in several populations of wild fish in polluted environments (Table 1). These epizootics in polluted locations in North America will be reviewed, including studies of Puget Sound, Washington; a pond in Alabama that receives chlorinated sewage effluent; and several areas in the eastern United States and Great Lakes region. The occurrence of neoplasms in fish living in polluted waters has been reviewed by Black (1984a), Couch and Harshbarger (1985), and Mix (1986).
Reducing Delays in Hatch-Waxman Multidistrict Litigation

Multidistrict litigation (MDL) under 28 USC ? 1407 consolidates in one federal court the pretrial proceedings of related cases. This procedural mechanism has generally made complex litigation more efficient, but the Supreme Court has reduced its efficiency in some circumstances by prohibiting these courts from retaining all related cases for trial.' Drug patent litigation is an area of particular concern. The HatchWaxman Act of 19842 (Hatch-Waxman or Act) provides a unique legal regime for the adjudication of disputes involving patented drugs and potential generic alternatives. Inefficiencies in Hatch-Waxman MDLs frustrate the Act's purpose by postponing generic competition that would drive down pharmaceutical prices.3 Once consolidated cases are ready for trial, the MDL statute requires that they be remanded to their original courts. However, common factual issues and the need for consistent determinations of patent validity strongly favor one court's trying the cases together. These considerations spurred the original courts in one Hatch-Waxman MDL to re-transfer all of the cases to one court for trial under the conventional transfer statute-28 USC ? 1404(a).4 Until recently, efficiency-minded pretrial courts could have avoided the delays caused by remand and re-transfer by transferring such cases to themselves for trial under ? 1404(a). However, this ma-
Development of an Objective Motor Score for Monitoring the Progression and Severity of Parkinson's Disease

This thesis describes the development of an objective motor score (OMS) of Parkinson’s disease that utilizes the Quantitative Motor Assessment Tool (QMAT) developed through efforts by the Intel Corporation and the Kinetics Foundation. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder which is a member of a group of neurodegenerative diseases marked by the depletion or impairment of dopamineproducing cells in the brain. Since PD is chronic and degenerative, treatments are intended to either improve the quality of life for sufferers by superficially treating symptoms or slow and ultimately reverse the progression of the disease. No blood test or biomarker exists, so current assessment of the disease relies on a subjective tool called the Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) which is a coarse scale that requires costly clinical administration and is subject to rater bias. The objective motor score described in this thesis exhibits excellent clinimetric properties, having demonstrated usability, validity, reliability, and responsiveness. It was calibrated to the motor section of the UPDRS, but in addition to high correlation with the motor UPDRS, it demonstrated an excellent ability to track deep brain stimulation treatment levels and to detect improvement in motor function of subjects due to dopaminergic treatment. With an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient, the OMS is a reliable measure and due to the objective nature of the test, it does not suffer from rater bias. Though these results come from the development phase, they suggest that confirmatory studies will firmly establish the excellent properties of the OMS.
Magic-Angle 13C NMR Analysis of Hard Wheat Flour and Dough

Samples of hard wheat flour and dough are analyzed by magic-angle spinning 13C NMR spectroscopy. Cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CPMAS) 13C NMR spectra of the dry flour allow its starch and protein content to be accurately measured. These two components are phase-separated. Spectra of hydrated hard wheat doughs are collected under both CPMAS and single-pulse carbon with low-power 1H decoupling conditions. The former report on the macromolecular components of the dough, while the latter reveal small molecules which are solubilized by the water. Results of the present study are interpreted as indicating that the protein is largely unaffected by the added water and remains phased-separated from the starch, while water causes significant changes in polymer dynamics of the starch component.
High-Resolution Seeded Simulations of Western North Pacific Ocean Tropical Cyclones in Two Future Extreme Climates

ABSTRACTA variant of downscaling is devised to explore the properties of tropical cyclones (TCs) that originate in the open ocean of the western North Pacific Ocean (WestPac) region under extreme c...
Electrochemical oxygen reduction on layered mixed metal oxides: Effect of B-site substitution

Abstract Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical in advancing the frontiers of electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. To date, Pt-based electrocatalysts exhibit state-of-the-art performance for low temperature ORR, but are hindered by their high cost. Therefore, it is imperative to find cost-effective alternatives for the practical realization of these technologies. Herein, we investigate the effect of layered, mixed metal oxides belonging to first-series Ruddlesden-Popper (R-P) phases with a general composition of A2BO4 (A = rare earth/alkaline earth metals; B = 3d transition metal) for ORR in alkaline enviroment of anion exchange membrane fuel cells. We show that the nature of the B-site 3d transition metal in these oxides is critical in tuning the ORR activity. Using a combination of well-controlled synthesis, chemical, as well as electrochemical studies, we find that substitution of the Ni B-site in these oxides with nominal amounts of Mn and Co (La2Ni0.88Mn0.12O4 and La2Ni0.88Co0.12O4, respectively) leads to enhanced overall ORR activity by selective promotion of the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide, an intermediate in the pseudo 4e− ORR path. The reported findings can be used in designing nonprecious metal-based oxide electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in alkaline anion exchange memebrane fuel cells.
Non-invasive Fat Reduction

The field of cosmetic medicine has evolved rapidly in the recent years offering patients and their treating physicians a plethora of non-invasive options for body rejuvenation. Particularly for indications such as fat reduction, innovations in technology and scientific breakthroughs have led to non-invasive strategies validated for their safety and efficacy through several high-evidence-level peer-reviewed studies. Four main types of energy-based devices have dominated the field of fat reduction: radiofrequency, laser, ultrasound, and cryolipolysis. In addition, injectable biologics have been developed with the goal to target localized pockets of fat. In this chapter, our goal is to provide an unbiased overview of the scientific evidence regarding procedure selection, effectiveness, and safety for non-invasive fat reduction.
Conflict urbanism: reflections on the role of conflict and peacebuilding in post-apartheid Johannesburg

This article seeks to critically engage theoretical frameworks of urban conflict through an analysis of selected conflictual topographies in post-apartheid Johannesburg, South Africa. Johannesburg ...
Influence of breast reconstruction on technical aspects of echocardiographic image acquisition compared with physician-assessed image quality

Assessment of cardiac function after treatment for breast cancer relies on interval evaluation of ventricular function through echocardiography. Women who undergo mastectomy more frequently choose to undergo breast reconstruction with implant. This could impede assessment of cardiac function in those with left-sided implant. We aimed to examine whether left-sided breast reconstruction with tissue expanders (TE) affect echo image acquisition and quality, possibly affecting clinical decision-making. A retrospective case-control study was conducted in 190 female breast cancer patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with TE at an urban academic center. Echocardiographic technical assessment and image quality were respectively classified as excellent/good or adequate/technically difficult by technicians; and excellent/good or adequate/poor by 2 board-certified cardiologist readers. Likelihood ratio was used to test multivariate associations between image quality and left-sided TE. We identified 32 women (81.3% white; mean age 48 years) with left-sided/bilateral TE, and 158 right-sided/no TE (76.6% white, mean age 57 years). In multivariable analyses, we found a statistically significant difference in technician-assessed difficulty in image acquisition between cases and controls (p = 0.01); but no differences in physician-assessed image quality between cases and controls (p = 0.09, Pearson’s r = 0.467). Left-sided breast TE appears to affect the technical difficulty of echo image acquisition, but not physician-assessed echo image quality. This likely means that echo technicians absorb most of the impediments associated with imaging patients with breast TE such that the presence of TE has no bearing on downstream clinical decision-making associated with echo image quality.
Abstract P387: Risk Factors for Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission; Project Watch, 2012-2017

Background: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission is often due to specific cardiovascular conditions. Low birthweight, another common reason for NICU admission, is also linked to later card...
Perceptions of functional wellness in women living with HIV in South Carolina, United States: Voices from both patients and providers

Functional wellness refers to optimal functioning across multiple domains of health and wellbeing (e.g., physical, psychological, social, spiritual), and posits that wellness goes beyond traditiona...
Modern diabetes devices in the school setting: Perspectives from school nurses

Objective To explore the experiences, practices, and attitudes of school nurses related to modern diabetes devices (insulin pumps, continuous glucose monitors, and hybrid-closed loop systems). Research design and methods Semistructured interviews were conducted with 40 public school nurses caring for children in elementary and middle schools. Developed with stakeholder input, the interview questions explored experiences working with devices and communicating with the health care system. Deidentified transcripts were analyzed through an iterative process of coding to identify major themes. Results School nurses reported a range of educational backgrounds (58% undergraduate, 42% graduate), geographic settings (20% urban, 55% suburban, 25% rural), and years of experience (20% 15 years). Four major themes emerged: (a) As devices become more common, school nurses must quickly develop new knowledge and skills yet have inconsistent training opportunities; (b) Enthusiasm for devices is tempered by concerns about implementation due to poor planning prior to the school year and potential disruptions by remote monitors; (c) Barriers exist to integrating devices into schools, including school/classroom policies, liability/privacy concerns, and variable staff engagement; and (d) Collaboration between school nurses and providers is limited; better communication may benefit children with diabetes. Conclusions Devices are increasingly used by school-aged children. School nurses appreciate device potential but share structural and individual-level challenges. Guiding policy is needed as the technology progressively becomes standard of care. Enhanced training and collaboration with diabetes providers may help to optimize school-based management for children in the modern era.
Power and Progress on the Prairie: Governing People on Rosebud Reservation

Review of: "Power and Progress on the Prairie: Governing People on Rosebud Reservation," by Thomas Biolsi.
Psychometric Tests and Spatial Navigation: Data From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Spatial cognition is the process by which individuals interact with their spatial environment. Spatial cognition encompasses the specific skills of spatial memory, spatial orientation, and spatial navigation. Prior studies have shown an association between psychometric tests of spatial ability and self-reported or virtual measures of spatial navigation. In this study, we examined whether psychometric spatial cognitive tests predict performance on a dynamic spatial navigation task that involves movement through an environment. We recruited 151 community-dwelling adult participants [mean (SD) age 69.7 (13.6), range 24.6-93.2] from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). Spatial navigation ability was assessed using the triangle completion task (TCT), and two quantities, the angle and distance of deviation, were computed. Visuospatial cognitive ability was assessed primarily using the Card Rotations Test. Additional tests of executive function, memory, and attention were also administered. In multiple linear regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, race, and education, cognitive tests of visuospatial ability, executive function, and perceptual motor speed and integration were significantly associated with spatial navigation, as determined by performance on the TCT. These findings suggest that dynamic spatial navigation ability is related to spatial memory, executive function, and motor processing speed.
Sensual Religion: Religion and the Five Senses

The study of the materiality of religion goes in several directions nowadays. The most theoretically engaged versions explore the philosophical legacy of materialism through any one of several conc...
Constitutive Genetic Deletion of Hcn1 Increases Alcohol Preference during Adolescence

The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel (HCN), which underlies the hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih), has diverse roles in regulating neuronal excitability across cell types and brain regions. Recently, HCN channels have been implicated in preclinical models of substance abuse including alcohol. In the prefrontal cortex of rodents, HCN expression and Ih magnitude are developmentally regulated during adolescence and may be vulnerable to alcohol's effects. In mice, binge alcohol consumption during the adolescent period results in a sustained reduction in Ih that coincides with increased alcohol consumption in adulthood, yet the direct role HCN channels have on alcohol consumption are unknown. Here, we show that the genetic deletion of Hcn1 causes an increase in alcohol preference on intermittent 2-bottle choice task in homozygous null (HCN1-/-) male mice compared to wild-type littermates without affecting saccharine or quinine preference. The targeted viral deletion of HCN1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex resulted in a gradual loss of Hcn1 expression and a reduction in Ih magnitude during adolescence, however, this did not significantly affect alcohol consumption or preference. We conclude that while HCN1 regulates alcohol preference, the genetic deletion of Hcn1 in the medial prefrontal cortex does not appear to be the locus for this effect.
Preoperative predictors of biochemical recurrence in a phase II trial of neoadjuvant therapy in very high-risk prostate cancer.

74Background: Understanding the lethal nature of high risk prostate cancer, there is a need for the development of multimodal therapies. Prior studies have confirmed a survival benefit with the add...
The correlation of interstellar reddening and L alpha absorption

For 61 stars whose interstellar Lα absorption was observed by OAO-2, the average relation of H i column density to B — V color excess is equal to 5 × 1021 atoms cm−2 mag−1. For a recent dust grain model this value implies that the density ratio ≈ 100. A good correlation was found for deviations in the measurements ofN hi and E(B — V) from their mean values expected over the distances to the different stars, indicating an association of H i gas with dust.
Advances in pluripotent stem cell-derived natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract Adoptive cell therapy using natural killer (NK) cells is rapidly emerging as a promising method to treat a variety of malignancies. NK cells can now be routinely derived in vitro from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). An iPSC-based platform to generate NK cells for adoptive therapy overcomes a number of constraints associated with the use of other available NK cell sources for generating uniform, genetically engineered NK cell therapy products with enhanced activity. iPSC-derived NK cells can now be produced at a clinical scale, and within the last few years several genetically engineered iPSC-NK cell products have entered clinical trials to treat cancer, underscoring their therapeutic potential. Here we review current progress made in the generation of NK cells from hESCs and iPSCs, including key studies identifying novel strategies to generate genetically modified iPSC-derived NK cells with augmented antitumor function and improved therapeutic efficacy, and explore iPSC-derived NK cell products that are currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
Safe Routes

Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for people aged 5-29 years old worldwide. They are the third largest cause of death (nearly 38,000 people annually) in the United States and the tenth leading cause of death (approximately 1.35 million people per year) worldwide, which translates to 3,700 deaths on average per day worldwide. Furthermore, 4.4 million Americans are injured seriously enough to require medical attention, which results in $380 million in direct medical costs annually. Yet, given all of that, the various navigation software and GPS products used by motorists on a daily basis do not account for the safety of the routes they suggest and navigate users through. This paper is to report on Safe Routes, a navigation software under research and development at Santa Clara University's Ethical, Pragmatic, and Intelligent Computing (EPIC) Laboratory for the safety scoring of routes in an effort to help reduce the number of road traffic injuries and fatalities. Safe Routes operates on historical accident data as well as real time road and weather conditions for every road segment in all the potential routes between a user designated source and destination in order to calculate the safety rating of each and to rank them for the user with the hope of persuading the user to choose the safest route for navigation.
Temperature and Pressure Wireless Ceramic Sensor (Distance = 0.5 Meter) for Extreme Environment Applications

This paper presents a design for temperature and pressure wireless sensors made of polymer-derived ceramics for extreme environment applications. The wireless sensors were designed and fabricated with conductive carbon paste on an 18.24 mm diameter with 2.4 mm thickness polymer-derived ceramic silicon carbon nitride (PDC-SiCN) disk substrate for the temperature sensor and an 18 × 18 × 2.6 mm silicon carbide ceramic substrate for the pressure sensor. In the experiment, a horn antenna interrogated the patch antenna sensor on a standard muffle furnace and a Shimadzu AGS-J universal test machine (UTM) at a wireless sensing distance of 0.5 m. The monotonic relationship between the dielectric constant of the ceramic substrate and ambient temperature is the fundamental principle for wireless temperature sensing. The temperature measurement has been demonstrated from 600 °C to 900 °C. The result closely matches the thermocouple measurement with a mean absolute difference of 2.63 °C. For the pressure sensor, the patch antenna was designed to resonate at 4.7 GHz at the no-loading case. The sensing mechanism is based on the piezo-dielectric property of the silicon carbon nitride. The developed temperature/pressure sensing system provides a feasible solution for wireless measurement for extreme environment applications.
Estimating the optimal timing of surgery by imputing potential outcomes.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a congenital anomaly that is uniformly fatal in infancy without immediate treatment. The standard treatment consists of an initial Norwood procedure (stage 1) followed some months later by stage 2 palliation (S2P). The ideal timing of the S2P is uncertain. The Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial (SVRT) randomized the procedure used in the initial Norwood operation, leaving the timing of the S2P to the discretion of the surgical team. To estimate the causal effect of the timing of S2P, we propose to impute the potential post-S2P survival outcomes using statistical models under the Rubin Causal Model framework. With this approach, it is straightforward to estimate the causal effect of S2P timing on post-S2P survival by directly comparing the imputed potential outcomes. Specifically, we consider a lognormal model and a restricted cubic spline model, evaluating their performance in Monte Carlo studies. When applied to the SVRT data, the models give somewhat different imputed values, but both support the conclusion that the optimal time for the S2P is at 6 months after the Norwood procedure.
The Uniform Bar Exam is coming to Michigan. What will it mean

Ten years after the Uniform Bar Exam became available, the Michigan Supreme Court has committed to its adoption in Michigan. This article explores how the change will affect our law schools and their graduates. It concludes that both constituencies should welcome Michigan becoming the 40th jurisdiction to administer the UBE. Its features will help make sure that Michigan’s newest lawyers are skilled, diverse, and mobile.
Air Pollution Hotspot Detection and Source Feature Analysis using Cross-Domain Urban Data

Air pollution is a major global environmental health threat, in particular for people who live or work near air pollution sources. Areas adjacent to pollution sources often have high ambient pollution concentrations, and those areas are commonly referred to as air pollution hotspots. In this work, we explore the use of mobile sensing data to detect pollution hotspots. We propose a two-step approach to detect hotspots from unevenly sampled mobile sensing data. To contextualize the detected hotspots and discover potential pollution source characteristics, we explore a variety of cross-domain urban data and extract features from them for hotspot inference. Evaluation results using real-world mobile sensing air quality data as well as cross-domain urban data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in detecting and inferring pollution hotspots.
Late-Quaternary Vegetation History of Jackson Hole, Wyoming

During the late Quaternary, the Jackson Hole area has reen repeatedly glaciated-the most recent and least extensive ice advance occurred during the Pinedale Glaciation (ca. 25,000-9,000 yr B.P.; Love and Reed, 1971). The objective of this research is to study the vegetation history of Jackson Hole since Pinedale time, as a means of interpreting the development and stability of modern plant communities. The research is based on an examination of pollen and plant-macrofossiil records contained in lake-sediment cores collected near the former ice margin. The environmental history of this region is poorly known and the paleoecological information provided by this study should help fill a gap in our understanding of the vegetation, climate, and glacial history of the Northern Rocky Mountains.
The Micro-level Realm of Social Reality

If we knew nothing about the social world of humans, and then began observing this world, what would we see? Without knowledge of society, the social world would look like an ant or bee colony. There would be busy movements through physical space, rapid movements in vehicles, movements in and out of physical structures punctuated by periodic gatherings animated talk or even louder talk into strange devices held to an ear. We might be impressed by the fact that people avoided each other in crowded places; and we would be equally impressed by the animated talk among individuals when standing or sitting face-to-face; and we would become increasingly curious as to why people talked into devices pushed to their ears, only to pull them down and begin massaging them with opposed thumbs. Literally, these and similar events would be all that we could see, unless we know something about the nature of social structure and culture. While we could clearly understand how physical structures constrained the movements and assemblages of individuals in space, we would become ever-more interested in how people miraculously avoided each other in their movements and in gatherings of face-to-face engagements with others. We might hypothesize that there were hidden structures, not easily observable, that were very much like the constraints of physical barriers imposing themselves on movements and assemblages. Much like a wall, there must be unobservable forces in play pushing on individuals, or perhaps there was some form of genetic programming in each individual that drove them to behave in such a patterned manner. If our curiosity about all of this would not subside, we would have to invent a new field of inquiry that would increase our capacity to see these hidden structures and to learn about how they seemingly push people about, restricting their movements and organizing their assembly in physical space. We would, in essence, need to invent a sociology of the micro realm that would expose the forces in play and increase our understanding about their dynamics
A Multi-Vane Expander, by Adding Power, Can Improve The Fuel Economy Of Long-Haul Diesel Trucks

A Rankine bottoming cycle for waste heat recovery from diesel engines used in long-haul trucks has the potential of improving peak fuel efficiency by up to 15% over a typical duty cycle. Of all Rankine cycle system components, the expander is the most important and the most difficult to design for high efficiency. The design and preliminary evaluation of a nominal 40 hp multi-vane rotary expander developed for this application are described. Key features of a multi-vane expander for the diesel truck engine include: ruggedness and close match to diesel speed characteristics, high efficiency over a wide range of conditions, adaptability to a simplified control system, and a firm basis of hardware experience. Potential advantages of the expander for the diesel engine bottoming cycle include the elimination of a high-speed turbine/gearbox combination and over 80% isentropic engine efficiency. Areas requiring additional work include additional cycle analysis to quantify the best cycle and components, development of an expander for this specific application, and integration and testing of an entire Rankine system on a diesel engine.