Ruska Federacija i Geopolitika Energenata (Russian Federation and Geopolitics of Energy)

Croatian Abstract:Nakon burnog stoljeca uspona i padova, decenijskog odsustva nezavisne vanjske politike i ovisnosti o vodecim silama, oporavljena Rusija ponovo se vratila na međunarodnu scenu kao glavni izvoznik nafte i prirodnog gasa, ambiciozno zauzevsi mjesto energetske sile, istovremeno vodeci politiku koja odise samopouzdanjem. Zamijenivsi iracionalni mesijanizam i komunisticku ideologiju tržisnim pragmatizmom i tradicionalnom geopolitkom, te dajuci ruskoj nafti i gasu novu snagu i moc, Vladimir Putin, kao vrstan strateg nove ruske vanjske i energetske politike, osmislio je niz politika, koje Rusiju treba da ucine svjetskim energetskim liderom i strateskim partnerom Zapada. Naime, slabljenjem ruskih vojnih kapaciteta, pocetkom 1990-ih, Rusija je pažnju usredotocila na nevojne instrumente sigurnosti, a jedan od njih je i energija. Energetika je najvisi ekonomski i politicki prioritet i primarni nevojni instrument Rusije u 21. stoljecu. Upravo, upotreba ovog nevojnog instrumenta postala je zastitni znak Putinove vanjske politike. Spoznavsi strateski potencijal svojih hidrokarbonskih resursa, Rusija, sa pozicije energetske sile, koristi svoje prirodne resurse, prirodni gas prije svih, kao politicko sredstvo u međunarodnim odnosima, sredstvo zastrasivanja i ucjene, odmazde, kažnjavanja neposlusnih i nagrađivanja poslusnih zemalja kako bi povratila uticaj, posebno u bivsem sovjetskom prostoru. Stoga, Rusija se sve vise posmatra kao nepouzdan energetski partner, odnosno kao prijetnja, a ne partner, posebno u zemljama Evropske unije i bivseg Sovjetskog Saveza.English Abstract: After a turbulent century of ups and downs, a decade of absence of an independent foreign policy and dependence on the leading world powers, reinvigorated Russia is back on the international scene as a major exporter of oil and natural gas, ambitiously taking place of an energy force, at the same time conducting policy that exudes confidence. Replacing irrational messianism and communist ideology with market pragmatism and traditional geopolitics, and giving the Russian oil and gas new strength and power, Vladimir Putin, as an exquisite strategist of the new Russian foreign and energy policy, devised a series of policies, that should make Russia a global energy leader and strategic partner of the West. Due to the weakening of Russia's military capabilities, in the early 1990s, Russia's attention focused on non-military instruments of security, and one of them is energy. Energy is the highest economic and political priority and the primary non-military instrument of Russia in the 21st century. The use of this non-military instrument has become a hallmark of Putin's foreign policy. Realizing the strategic potential of their hydrocarbon resources, Russia, from a position of energy force uses its natural resources, natural gas above all, as a political tool in international relations, a means of intimidation, blackmail, and retaliation, means of punishing disobediant and rewarding obedient countries to regain influence, particularly in the former Soviet space. Therefore, Russia is increasingly seen as an unreliable energy partner or as a threat rather than a partner, especially in the countries of the European Union and the former Soviet Union.