cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of the chicken alpha 5 beta 1 integrin fibronectin receptor during development.

We have characterized the diversity of the chicken beta 1 integrin family and studied the expression of individual receptors during development. The diversity of the beta 1 integrin family was investigated by affinity purifying the beta 1 integrins from a variety of adult and embryonic tissues. These purifications reveal the relative levels of expression and also the differential expression of the alpha subunits in those tissues. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against the prominent ‘band 1’ of the embryonic chicken integrins and used to characterize the expression of this alpha subunit in embryonic and adult tissues. This alpha subunit is shown to be the chicken homologue of human alpha 5 fibronectin receptor. The chicken alpha 5 beta 1 integrin is the most prominent beta 1 integrin in the embryo and is expressed on the majority of cell types through the day 17 stage. The distribution of this receptor in the embryo closely parallels the distribution of its ligand, fibronectin. In adult tissues, expression of this receptor is greatly diminished relative to the expression of other alpha subunits. The cell type distribution is highly restricted: limited primarily to the vasculature and to connective tissue regions. These studies reveal a prominent role for the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin in embryonic cell types and a down-regulation of this receptor on many cell types during development.
Serum Relationships within the Family Cercopithecidae

Quantitative tests show that an antiserum for an individual of one species of the Old World monkey family Cercopithecidae may react no more strongly with the blood of another individual of the same species than it does with the blood of monkeys belonging to other species or genera of the same family. They also show that in this family of Primates interspecific precipitin responses may be no stronger than intergeneric ones. Furthermore, the specific and generic serum interrelationships of these monkeys may be no closer than their interfamilial serum relationships to the chimpanzee. The latter relationship appears, however, to be closer than the monkeys9 interfamilial serum relationship to man. Human serum nevertheless does give a group reaction to anti-Old World monkey serum, whereas such a response is not given either by the brown capuchin, a New World monkey, or by the lemur, Perodicticus potto .
An Evaluation of the Post-Divorce Parental Conflict Scale

Abstract Post-divorce conflict is thought to be predictive of child adjustment, with children of less conflictual coparental relationships being better adjusted than children exposed to continued conflict. Because of this important role that post-divorce conflict is presumed to play in child development, accurate assessment is critical. The present article reports findings for the only instrument developed to date for the assessment of post-divorce conflict from the position of the child, the Post-Divorce Parental Conflict Scale (Sonnenblick & Schwarz, 1992). College students from divorced families were administered the scale along with an established and presumably related conflict measure. The basic psychometric properties examined show the scale to be a promising tool for measuring this unique type of conflict.
Simultaneous Morphological And Biochemical Optical Imaging Of Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques

We demonstrated that simultaneous optical coherence tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy imaging allows the identification of most types of coronary atherosclerotic plaques based on their morphological/biochemical characterization.
Refractive state, depth of focus and accommodation of the eye of the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus Beecheyi)

Retinoscopy and electrophysiological refraction were performed on 55 and 24 faraccommodated eyes of California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi), respectively. These two indices were highly correlated, revealing the eye of this animal to be roughly emmetropic (−0.25 to −0.13 D). Depth of focus was assessed by measuring the effect which defocusing produced on the spatial resolving power of 32 optic nerve fibers. Depth of focus of the ground squirrel eye for a pupil diameter of 2.5 mm is estimated to be ± 1.6 D, but will increase rapidly for smaller pupils. Accommodation in eleven ground squirrels ranged from 2 to 6 D, with a mean value of 3.9 D.
One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: Biconvergence of Washed Harmonic Series

We examine variations of the harmonic series by grouping terms into “washings” that alternate sign with the number of terms in a washing growing exponentially with respect to a fixed base. The bases x = 1 and x = ∞ correspond to the alternating harmonic series and the usual harmonic series; we first consider other positive integral bases and further we consider positive real number bases with a unique way to make sense of adding a non-integral number of terms together. In both cases, we prove a remarkable result regarding the difference between the upper and lower convergent values of the series, and give some analysis of this behavior.
The data management facilities of PLAIN

The programming language PLAIN has been designed to support the construction of interactive information systems within the framework of a systematic programming methodology. One of the key goals of PLAIN has been to achieve an effective integration of programming language and database management concepts, rather than either the functional interface to database operations or the low-level database navigation operations present in other schemes. PLAIN incorporates a relational database definitional facility, along with low-level and high-level operations on relations. This paper describes those features informally, showing how the database operations are combined with programming language notions such as type checking, block structure, expression evaluation, and iteration. A brief description of the implementation status is included.
A Study of Diagnostic Failure of Loop Conization in Microinvasive Carcinoma of the Cervix

Abstract Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specimen adequacy and the histological interpretation of loop conization for microinvasive cervical carcinoma. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the histopathological findings of the original cone specimens together with the final hysterectomy specimens in patients with microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix. From 1990 to 1995, 63 consecutive patients with microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix were included in the study, of which 35 patients underwent loop conization and 28 underwent cold-knife conization. All patients had a hysterectomy. Results. The mean width, depth, and cone volume of the conization specimens were 2.44 cm, 2.15 cm, and 3.96 cm 3 , respectively, in the loop group versus 2.3 cm, 2.35 cm, and 4.38 cm 3 in the cold-knife group. No significant differences were seen between the two groups. The application of loop conization was completed in a single slice in 27 patients (77.1%) and multiple slices by the loop in 8 (22.9%), in spite of the attempt to perform conization in a one-pass application when possible. In assessing these cone specimens microscopically, the rate of transection of tissue was significantly higher in the loop cone than in the cold-knife cone (17.1% versus 0%, P = 0.02). Because of transection of tissue and misorientation, pathologic determination of the depth and width of stromal invasion was undetermined in two loop cone specimens compared with none in the cold-knife cones. Conclusion. Our study suggests that cold-knife conization is a preferred method in assessing microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix if multiple applications of loop conization are inevitable.
Advancing the Dependency Ratio Concept and Avoiding the Malthusian Trap

The concept of age dependency is constructed in a variety of ways. All current versions of the dependency ratio share 1 important deficiency: none includes a recognition of the importance of changes in labor productivity for the countrys capacity to support its dependent populations. Gibson argues that progress toward greater clarity in and usefulness of the dependency ratio will only be made by intensifying the focus on the importance of changes in economic productivity and real income. Interpretations of changes in the dependency ratio should take into account such economic changes. Gibsons 2nd purpose is to demonstrate the relevance of this reformulation to current concerns about the aging of the US population and to indicate both the danger of and the way to avoid falling into a Malthusian trap. In this context Malthusian refers to the tendency to deny or to exclude from consideration the potential for economic growth or progress and then to logically view any future growth in demand for social services or goods as unbearable. In addition these pessimistic assumptions may become self-fulfilling prophecies by introducing passivity and fatalism into policy discourse. The primary concern here is with the way current formulations of the dependency ratio facilitate the introduction of pessimism and fatalism into the literature on population aging in general.
Economic Psychology: Its Connections With Research-Oriented Courses

To enhance student interest in research methods, tests and measurement, and statistics classes, we describe how teachers may use resources from economic psychology to illustrate key concepts in the...
Induction of a 58,000 dalton protein during goldenrod gall formation

Despite the widespread occurrence of plant-gallmaker interactions, little is known about the actual mechanisms of gall formation. To further characterize this type of parasite-host interaction, the mechanism of gall formation in Solidago altissima, tall goldenrod, by the larva of the tephritid fly Eurosta solidaginis was studied. Proteins produced by galled and ungalled tissues were examined, and the hyperinduction of a 58 kilodalton protein was observed in galled tissues for the second and third week of gall growth. The presence of this protein suggests that a substance secreted by the larva may function as a trans-acting gene regulator.
William R. Wilde (1815-1876) in Vienna

William R. Wilde was born 1815 in a small hamlet in Connaught, the most western part of Ireland. His father was English and a practicing physician while his mother was Irish. Numerous biographies describe his life [1], and an extensive obituary summarizes his achievement [2].
Blood Groups A and B in Oral Epithelium of Young and Old Men

Oral cytologic smears were obtained from 100 individuals with type A or B blood groups, ranging in age from 10 to 70 years. Fluorescent antibody preparations revealed the cells to contain A and B blood groups at all ages.
Narrowband-PLC/wireless diversity for smart grid communications

Narrowband power line communications (NB-PLC) and unlicensed wireless communications are considered as the two leading two-way communications technologies for the emerging Smart Grid applications. In this paper, we propose exploiting the diversity provided by combining the received signals from the NB-PLC and wireless links, where both carry the same information, to provide robustness against the interference encountered on both links. First, we analyze the performance of each link separately in presence of impulsive noise and interference. Then, we study the performance when combining the output signals from both links and compare it to the performance of each link.
Dependence of Impact Performance on Process Parameters and Weld Attributes for Spot Welded Advanced High Strength Steels

In order to improve fuel economy and safety of vehicles, many advanced materials such as aluminum alloys and advanced high strength steels have been introduced in automobile body construction in recent years. A key to the adoption of such materials is their manufacturability, such as forming and welding. Resistance welding, as the major enabling technique, has been widely applied in joining these materials. Although there has been a large amount of research in characterizing static and fatigue strengths of Al or AHSS welds, their impact performance is largely unknown, even though it is extremely important for safety. In this paper, the impact strength of AHSS spot welded specimens is analyzed, as a function of welding process parameters and weldment geometry. Both energy and peak load during impacting, as well as failure mode were recorded. The geometric attributes of spot welds, such as indentation width, nugget width, indentation depth, etc. were measured before the specimens were destructively tested. Then these quantities were linked to the impact strength of the welds. Besides several advanced high strength steels, high strength, low alloy (HSLA) steels were also tested in the study for comparison. Models were developed to correlate impact strength with individual factors, both welding parameters and spot weld geometry variables. The effects of interactions between the factors were also investigated. The results showed that these parameters should be examined together in determining a weld’s impact performance.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
RENAL EXCRETION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF TRITIUM-LABELED OXYTOCIN TO RATS.

Renal excretion and tissue distribution of radioactivity after injection of oxytocin synthesized from tritium-labeled leucine were studied in anesthetized male rats. When 0.1–15 USP units was injected intravenously during water diuresis, about 30 to 35 % of the total radioactivity was excreted in a 2-hr period with more than half of this in the first 10 min. However, only about 10% of the total avian depressor activity was excreted. Paper chromatography suggested that the urine contained a mixture of unchanged oxytocin and at least 2 metabolic products also containing the tritium label. When 10 units of radioactive oxytocin was injected into normally hydrated rats and the animals were killed 20 min later by exsanguination, kidney, liver, adrenal gland and pituitary gland had a high concentration of radioactivity. The highest concentration was found in the kidney, almost 20 times that in the blood. Radioactivity was also detected in skeletal muscle and cerebral cortex, indicating the deep and generalized p...
Hadamard Transform Raman Spectroscopy

Hadamard transform spectroscopy is showing signs of emerging again even though turf protectors would prefer that it remain benign. In this discussion, some of its advantages, and there are some, and some of its disadvantages, and there are some of those as well, are discussed. Competing approaches including the classical dispersive method and Fourier transform spectroscopy are included in the discussion especially where the comparisons are relevant to applications in Raman spectroscopy.
Balanced multi-wavelets in ℝ^{}

The notion of K-balancing was introduced a few years ago as a condition for the construction of orthonormal scaling function vectors and multi-wavelets to ensure the property of preservation/annihilation of scalarvalued discrete polynomial data of order K (or degree K - 1), when decomposed by the corresponding matrix-valued low-pass/high-pass filters. While this condition is indeed precise, to the best of our knowledge only the proof for K = 1 is known. In addition, the formulation of the K-balancing condition for K > 2 is so prohibitively difficult to satisfy that only a very few examples for K = 2 and vector dimension 2 have been constructed in the open literature. The objective of this paper is to derive various characterizations of the K-balancing condition that include the polynomial preservation property as well as equivalent formulations that facilitate the development of methods for the construction purpose. These results are established in the general multivariate and bi-orthogonal settings for any K > 1.
Mass transfer in a laminar-flow parallel plate electrolytic cell with simultaneous development of velocity and concentration boundary layers

Ionic mass transfer in a parallel plate electrochemical cell having a flow entrance representative of practical industrial cells has been studied under laminar flow condition using the ferri- and ferrocyanide redox couple. The working electrode was segmented so that local mass transfer coefficient could be measured. The mass transfer coefficients, measured for the entrance region of the cell, which is defined as the region where both hydrodynamic and concentration boundary layers are developing simultaneously, are correlated and compared with results from other studies. For the electrode section beyond the entrance region, where the flow is fully developed but the concentration boundary layer continues to grow, a correction term is added to the electrode dimension parameter in the Graetz number. In this way the Leveque equation can still be used to correlate the local mass transfer coefficient. The value of the correction term is calculated by matching the downstream mass transfer boundary layer thickness to that of a Leveque-type cell. This scheme improves substantially the convergence of the experimental data correlation and results in good agreement with the Leveque equation.
The Decidability of the Existential Theory of the Poset of Recursively Enumerable Degrees with Jump Relations

We show that the existential theory of the recursively enumerable degrees in the language L containing predicates for order andn-jump comparability for alln, and constant symbols for least and greatest elements, is decidable. The decidability follows from our main theorem, where we show that any finite L-structure which is consistent with the order relation, the order-preserving property of the jump operator, and the property of the jump operator that the jump of an element is strictly greater than the element, can be embedded into the r.e. degrees.
Solitude and Solidarity in the Just Society: A Reappraisal of Marx's Vision

That these two passages can appear in the same work, separated by only two paragraphs, confirms a tension latent in Marxian thought. After offering an appealing vision of a society in which the individual and community have been reconciled, Marx almost immediately denies any reliance on ethical ideals. Yet, as I shall argue, the very vision of the future society as transcending the conflict between individual will and systemic functioning is grounded in an ethic of human fulfillment as derived from the development and exercise of capacities within a community of equals. In the Marxian approach to understanding society, the ethical element is not excluded, but rather co‐exists uneasily with a theory of historical evolution.
Molecular Detection of Primary Bladder Cancer by Microsatellite Analysis

Microsatellite DNA markers have been widely used as a tool for the detection of loss of heterozygosity and genomic instability in primary tumors. In a blinded study, urine samples from 25 patients with suspicious bladder lesions that had been identified cystoscopically were analyzed by this molecular method and by conventional cytology. Microsatellite changes matching those in the tumor were detected in the urine sediment of 19 of the 20 patients (95 percent) who were diagnosed with bladder cancer, whereas urine cytology detected cancer cells in 9 of 18 (50 percent) of the samples. These results suggest that microsatellite analysis, which in principle can be performed at about one-third the cost of cytology, may be a useful addition to current screening methods for detecting bladder cancer.
T cell functions are impaired by inhaled isobutyl nitrite through a T-independent mechanism

Abstract Isobutyl nitrite is representative of a group of inhalants abused by male homosexuals and adolescents. Inhalation exposure of mice to isobutyl nitrite at 900 ppm for 45 min per day for 14 days caused serious deficits in T cell-mediated immune responses. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was reduced by 36% following the exposure. T cell proliferative responses to mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation were reduced by 37% and 51%, respectively. The exposure did not directly alter the ability of T cells to synthesize or respond to IL-2. Accessory cell function in facilitating T cell activation was inhibited by about 50% following exposure to the inhalant.
Investor Equity Private Placement Value Misconceptions: Real and Imagined Operating Flow Determinants

We examine the equity private placement pre- and post-announcement relationship between stock market and operating performance, and how this is impacted by the issuing company’s characteristics. Outside public investors mainly misconstrue the information available at the announcement date, contributing to an unsound announcement price overvaluation. Almost all characteristics related to announcement date abnormal stock returns differ from those related to post-issue stock and operating performance. Results are consistent with outside investors being over-optimistic, using unsound naive valuation models prior to and at the announcement of equity private placements, and losing wealth thereafter. Alternatively, private investors’ decision to invest in private placements is rational, results in reasonable returns on their investments, and is consistent with providing needed resources for the companies so that they can maintain competitive operating performance levels.
Increased Risk for School Violence-Related Behaviors Among Adolescents With Insufficient Sleep

BACKGROUND: School violence is associated with significant acute and long-term negative health outcomes. Previous investigations have largely neglected the role of pertinent health behaviors in school violence, including sleep. Insufficient sleep is associated with adverse physical, behavioral, and psychosocial consequences among adolescents, many of which are concurrently implicated in youth violence. This study examined the relationship between insufficient sleep and school violence behaviors in a nationally representative sample of high school students. METHOD: We used data from the 2009 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Logistic regression analyses evaluated the association between insufficient sleep and school violence behaviors, controlling for demographic factors. In addition to examining main effects, interaction terms were entered into the models to examine whether potential associations varied by sex or race/ethnicity. RESULTS: Students with insufficient sleep had higher odds of engaging in the majority of school violence-related behaviors examined compared to students with sufficient sleep. Males with insufficient sleep were at increased risk of weapon carrying at school, a finding not observed for females with insufficient sleep. White students with insufficient sleep had higher odds of missing school because of safety concerns, a pattern that did not emerge among Black and Hispanic/Latino students. CONCLUSION: Results highlight the potential value of incorporating sleep education interventions into school-based violence prevention programs and underline the need for further examination of the relationship between sleep and school violence among adolescents.
Clinical demand for and access to images and interpretations of chest radiographs in a medical intensive care unit serviced by an integrated PACS-radiology information system

Digital communication systems have been proposed as a means of improving the flow of information between radiologists and other physicians. In the intensive care unit (ICU), physicians require more rapid access to images and interpretations than physicians in most other hospital settings. Thus these systems must be designed to ensure that rapid exchange of radiological information can be achieved. To better define system design for the electronic communication of radiological information to ICUs, this study examined bottlenecks in information flow through an integrated PACS-Radiology Information System.
Allelic variants of the human putative peptide transporter involved in antigen processing.

Abstract Antigen processing for presentation of peptide epitopes by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules involves genes in the MHC class II region. Among these, PSF1 and PSF2 encode subunits of a transporter, which presumably delivers cytosolic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane to class I molecules. This close functional relationship of the transporter and class I heavy chain genes and their linkage within the MHC raise the question of whether PSF1 and PSF2, like most class I genes, are polymorphic. By single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing, a small number of amino acid sequence variants of both PSF1 and PSF2 was identified in a panel of cell lines. This limited polymorphism may contribute to a higher degree of variability at the level of the functional transporter, in which different alleles of the PSF1 and PSF2 subunits may be combined. A possible involvement of the PSF1 and PSF2 genes in susceptibility to MHC-associated diseases was examined in a preliminary assessment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, or celiac disease.
Blastomere fixation techniques and risk of misdiagnosis for preimplantation genetic diagnosis of aneuploidy

One of the most critical steps in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) studies is the fixation required to obtain good fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) nuclear quality without losing any of the cells analysed. Different fixation techniques have been described. The aim of this study was to compare three fixation methods (1, acetic acid/methanol; 2, Tween 20; 3, Tween 20 and acetic acid/methanol) based on number of cells lost after fixation, average rate of informative cells, rate of signal overlaps and FISH errors. A total of 100, 106 and 114 blastomeres were fixed using techniques 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Technique 2 gave the poorest nuclear quality with higher cytoplasm, number of overlaps and FISH errors. Although technique 1 showed better nuclear quality in terms of greater nuclear diameter, fewer overlaps and FISH errors, it is difficult to perform correctly. However, technique 3 shows reasonably good nuclear quality and is both easier to learn and use for PGD studies than the others.
Sousveillance: Communities of resistance to the surveillance environment

Facebook is often invoked in popular discourse as a device for the potential exploitation of individual privacy. Facebook users invite surveillance, and personal information revealed by Facebook users is compiled into aggregated databases of linked information, preferences, and behaviors. In the interest of the ideals of individual empowerment, cultural integrity, social responsibility and equality, social networking communities are forming to interrogate networked surveillance. This article examines those communities of resistance in the form of ''sousveillance'' tactics that have emerged as a backlash to the surveilled environment. Sousveillance is ''watching from below,'' a form of inverse surveillance in which people monitor the surveillors. Examples include citizen video, watchdog web sites, or the monitoring of authorities (corporations, military, government). Sousveillance embraces the idea of transparency as an antidote to concentrated power in the hands of surveillors. Sousveillance is used in Facebook itself to expose the data gathered by Facebook to the larger networked population. The surveillance sector's responses to citizen resistance may ultimately alter the power dynamic between the watchers and the watched. Implications for this power dynamic are discussed through an exploration of Facebook sousveillance communities of resistance and how they are sustained in an effort to contribute to the larger examination of hegemonic practices in the global information society.
Existence, uniqueness and exponential stability of traveling wave solutions of some integral differential equations arising from neuronal networks

Abstract The author is concerned with the existence and exponential stability of traveling wave solutions of some integral differential equations arising from neuronal networks. Previous methods do not apply in solving these problems because there is no maximum principle or conservation laws available to the integral differential equations. He applies fixed point theorems to prove the existence of the traveling waves. Then, he makes use of linearization technique as well as eigenvalue functions to study the exponential stability of the waves.
Protonation and reactivity towards carbon dioxide of the mononuclear tetrahedral zinc and cobalt hydroxide complexes, [TpBut, Me]ZnOH and [TpBut, Me]CoOH: Comparison of the reactivity of the metal hydroxide function in synthetic analogues of carbonic anhydrase

The tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)hydroborato zinc hydroxide complex [TpBut,Me]ZnOH is protonated by (C6F5)3B(OH2) to yield the aqua derivative {[TpBut,Me]Zn(OH2)}[HOB(C6F5)3], which has been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, thereby demonstrating that protonation results in a lengthening of the Zn−O bond by ca. 0.1 A. The protonation is reversible, and treatment of {[TpBut,Me]Zn(OH2)}+ with Et3N regenerates [TpBut,Me]ZnOH. Consistent with the notion that the catalytic hydration of CO2 by carbonic anhydrase requires deprotonation of the coordinated water molecule, {[TpBut,Me]Zn(OH2)}+ is inert towards CO2, whereas [TpBut,Me]ZnOH is in rapid equilibrium with the bicarbonate complex [TpBut,Me]ZnOC(O)OH under comparable conditions. The cobalt hydroxide complex [TpBut,Me]CoOH is likewise protonated by (C6F5)3B(OH2) to yield the aqua derivative {[TpBut,Me]Co(OH2)}[HOB(C6F5)3], which is isostructural with the zinc complex. The aqua complexes {[TpBut,Me]M(OH2)}[HOB(C6F5)3] (M = Zn, Co) exhib...
Thermomechanical Effects in Packaging: Matching CTE or Not?

Development of effective packages for microelectronics, MEMS, as well as for other microsystems and advanced modern devices, is usually based on minimization of thermomechanical effects and maximization of the useful life of a package. Such extremization-analysis depends on the effects that coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) have on the design of packages. This paper examines thermomechanics of a package and evaluates the effects that matching (or not) of CTEs may have on a package and its life. This examination is illustrated with representative examples.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Effect of microstructure on passive film formation and breakdown in sputter-deposited AlTa alloy films

Abstract The role played by microstructural features in the passivation and breakdown processes which lead to pitting has been examined for the first time by the new techniques of dynamic imaging microellipsometry (DIM) and local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS). Contrary to expectations, an examination of the passivation of sputter-deposited AlTa alloy films found that the film on the Al 3 Ta precipitates formed a thicker passive layer than that on the solid solution matrix surrounding the precipitates. The LEIS study of the microstructural effects under breakdown conditions found that the film on the Al 3 Ta precipitate had a higher capacitance than the dealloyed region surrounding it, indicating that the film on the precipitate has different properties from the dealloyed region in its vicinity. This difference in film thickness and properties, found by both DIM and LEIS, may be responsible for the breakdown which leads to pitting initiated in the region adjacent to the precipitates.
Self-assembled multiferroic magnetic QCA structures for low power systems

The discovery of multiferroic materials has lead to a great interest in creating logic circuits which exploit both the magnetic and electrical properties of these materials. In this work we focus on self-assembled array structures of Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata (MQCA) composed of multiferroic nanopillars which can be configured and clocked using solely electric fields. Furthermore, due to the switching nature of these nanopillars, the arrays can be reconfigured to implement read/write memory or multiple logic circuits in a similar fashion to FPGAs. Finally, we develop a SPICE model for the multiferroic nanopillars and demonstrate the functionality of the array.
Histoplasmosis; the pathologic and clinical findings.

SUMMARY Histoplasmosis is generally a fatal systemic disease caused by the yeast-like fungus named Histoplasma capsulatum. This organism may be found within the reticulo-endothelial system. The infection is probably transmitted from animals, notably dogs. The four principal clinical features of the disease are: 1) Gastrointestinal manifestations of ulcerations and diarrhea. 2) Skin findings of chronic ulcerations and abscess formations. 3) Cardiac or joint manifestations. 4) Lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Lung findings are recorded in about twenty per cent of the cases. The findings are not characteristic and are frequently confused with tuberculosis. This is particularly true of pulmonary calcifications. The work of Palmer and Furcolow indicates that there is a high incidence of pulmonary calcifications in people with negative tuberculin tests. A number of such individuals, however, have a positive reaction to the intracutaneous injection of histoplasmin. This work was carried on among student nurses. The highest incidence reported was that in Kansas City, Missouri, where 58.1 per cent were positive skin reactors. It was also shown that there was a difference in the distribution of the positive tuberculin skin reactors and the positive histoplasmin reactors. The majority of the histoplasmin reactors are demonstrable between the ages of five and twenty years of age; whereas, the tuberculin reactors are found in the third and fourth decades. Both white and negro individuals have a higher incidence of histoplasmin positive reactors at the age of eighteen than tuberculin positive. It is likewise shown that in those who are histoplasmin negative and tuberculin positive the incidence of pulmonary calcification is about 17 per cent; however, those with histoplasmin positive and tuberculin negative skin tests have the highest incidence of pulmonary calcifications which is slightly greater than 90 per cent. Somewhat similar studies were also carried out by Aronson in reference to coccidiodin positive reactors and pulmonary calcification. It must be pointed out, however, that the individuals who react positively to this skin test do not have proven or clinical histoplasmosis. The reaction may be due to some immunologically similar infection. It is probably important to consider that quiescent pulmonary calcifications, if they are due to histoplasma capsulatum, may serve as the focus for the usual fatal systemic infection. The cases of histoplasmosis usually have a gross picture similar to that of leukemia. Caseous necrosis of the adrenals is particularly common in these individuals. Histologically the organisms, averaging between 3 and 5 microns and surrounded by a capsule, may be seen throughout the reticulo-endothelial system contained in the phagocytic reticulum cells. From the laboratory standpoint a profound secondary anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are quite frequent. There are two cases reported from the state of Wisconsin to date. Neighboring states also have cases: Illinois 4, Michigan 10, Minnesota 1, and Iowa 1.
Culture‐negative septic arthritis and bacterial endocarditis

The capacity of bacterial endocarditis to mimic other systemic illnesses is well known. This report describes a patient with blood culture-negative bacterial endocarditis who presented with features suggestive of rheumatoid arthritis. Despite sterile synovial fluid, synovial biopsy culture resulted in identification of the causative organism and led to specific antibiotic therapy and cure. This is the first report of such a case.
Stability of ribonucleic acid double-stranded helices

Abstract The hypochromicity, as a function of temperature for 19 oligoribonucleotides capable of forming perfectly base-paired double helices, is used to extract thermodynamic parameters of helix formation. The data are analyzed by an all or none model of helix melting which permits assignment of Δ G , Δ H , and Δ S of formation to each of the ten possible Watson-Crick base-paired nearest-neighbor sequences. Helix stability is found to have a striking dependence on sequence, and formulae are provided to predict the T m of any RNA double helix of known sequence.
The effect of fluoride on parathyroid function and responsiveness in the rat.

The effect of fluoride on parathyroid function was tested by adding 2.5 to 10.0 mM of sodium fluoride to the drinking water of growing rats for 6 to 12 weeks. The functional activity of the parathyroids was measured by the uptake of the non-metabolized amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Chronic fluoride administration had no stimulatory effect on parathyroid function. At doses above 2.5 mM body growth was impaired. Parathyroid size was diminished proportionally to the decrease in body size. AIB uptake decreased in the parathyroids but also in other tissues, particularly the liver. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not affected.
Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia, severe homolateral limb deficiency with intra-thoracic/abdominal limb remnants

Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernia, severe homolateral limb deficiency with intra-thoracic/abdominal limb remnants
Cellular and humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Brown-Norway (BN) rats immunized with renal medulla from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats developed a renal lesion characterized by focal interstitial and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates without glomerular involvement. The cellular infiltrates were extracted from the affected kidneys and determined to consist of monocytes 64±4% (mean ± S.D.) and T cells 2±9%. IgG antibodies directed at tubular basement membrane and tubular cell antigens were found in the affected kidneys and in circulation. Sera of immunized rats were used in in vitro studies to determine the presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). In the CDC there was cytolysis of SD kidney and spleen cells but not BN kidney cells. In the ADCC there was signifcant lysis of BN kidney cells as well as SD kidney cells. Antibodies have been raised in the immunized rats against major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens as well as against autologous tubular cells. The finding of monocytes bearing...
La reconceptualización de América Latina: Antropologías de las Américas

This article offers ideas for reconceptualizing Latin America through the discipline of Anthropology. I use the concept of "The Americas" to incorporate areas that have been geographically divided into North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean and to conceptualize flows of people, capital, and culture. On the one hand, my suggestions question the container of the nation-state as our primary focal lens by considering transborder processes, identities, and institutions. On the other hand, I maintain that we still have to consider the "nation" in our discussions because of the strong historical presence of nationalism in creating categories that have powerful roles in defining how people are inserted into relations of power. My second area of emphasis is on the kinds of insights anthropologists based in Latin America and the Caribbean have offered which can help us rethink how U.S. Empire and global hegemony are part and parcel of the field within which we operate and participate in as natives and citizens
Characterizations and measurements of CZT material: novel techniques and results

The performance of current long-drift-length Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detectors principally is determined by the material's quality. Hence, the material's limitations must be better understood and potential solutions identified to grow CZT crystals with the required qualities. Our efforts have focused on developing novel techniques and testing methods that will allow us to explore the correlations between the crystal's defects and the detector's properties. Local stoichiometric variations and other local disordering make it very hard to systematically correlate performance and material defects on a macroscopic scale. Therefore, to delineate the factors limiting the energy resolution of CZT detectors, we directed our efforts towards micron-scale material characterization and assessments of the detectors using the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The NSLS offers us a highly collimated high-intensity X-ray beam that we employed to undertake detector-performance mapping, and to investigate the association between microscopic defects and fluctuations in collected charge. In this paper, we illustrate our techniques and results.
Nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 30 pure and mixed cases

Nested urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a rare histologic variant of UC, characterized by deceptively bland histologic features resembling von Brunn's nests but usually with a poor outcome. In our experience, this variant is frequently misclassified or underrecognized as its clinicopathologic spectrum is not well defined. In addition, its relationship to usual UC and response to traditional bladder cancer management are largely unknown. Herein we report the largest series to date of 30 UC cases with pure or predominant nested morphology to identify its associated histopathologic findings, clinical outcome, and immunophenotype. Patient age ranged from 41 to 83 years (average, 63 years) with a male-female ratio of 2.3:1. The architectural pattern of the nested component ranged from a predominantly disorderly proliferation of discrete, small, variably sized nests (90%) to focal areas demonstrating confluent nests (40%), cordlike growth (37%), and cystitis cystica-like areas (33%) to tubular growth pattern (13%). The deep tumor-stroma interface was invariably (100%) jagged and infiltrative. Despite overall banal cytology, tumor nests demonstrated focal random cytologic atypia (90%) and focal high-grade cytologic atypia centered within the base of the tumor (40%). The tumor stroma ranged from having minimal stromal response to focally desmoplastic and myxoid. A component of usual UC was present in 63% of cases. The nested component demonstrated an immunophenotype identical to usual UC, with CK7, CK20, p63, and CK903 expression in 93%, 68%, 92%, and 92% of cases, respectively. At resection, all but 1 case demonstrated invasive carcinoma-9% into lamina propria, 4% into muscularis propria, 65% into perivesical fat, and 17% into adjacent organ(s). When compared with pure high-grade UC, nested UC was associated with muscle invasion at transurethral resection (31% versus 70%; P < .0001), extravesical disease at cystectomy (33% versus 83%; P < 0.0001), and metastatic disease (19% versus 67%; P < .0001). Follow-up was available on 29 patients (97%) with a median of 12 months (range, 1-31 months) of follow-up; 3 (10%) died of disease, 16 (55%) are alive with persistent or recurrent disease, and 10 (34%) are alive without disease. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was observed in 2 (13%) of 15 patients. Nested UC seen either in pure form or with a component of usual UC had similarly unfavorable outcomes (P = .78). Increased awareness and familiarity with the clinicopathologic spectrum is critical for confident recognition and adequate management of this very aggressive variant of UC.
Enzymatic Polymerization of Poly(ε-CL) Containing an Ethyl Glucopyranoside Head Group: An NMR Study

The usefulness of the 2D-NMR techniques in the structure determination of the oligo epsilon-caprolactone ethyl glucopyranoside (oilgo(epsilon-CL) EGP) conjugate, synthesized by a lipase-catalyzed regioselective reaction, is described. Data from a 13C-13C COSY NMR spectrum of the ethyl glucopyranoside is used for complete and unambiguous assignments of the carbon resonances in the 13C NMR spectrum of the anomeric mixture of EGP. A comparison of the DEPT135 spectrum of the product oilgo(epsilon-CL) EGP conjugate with that of the starting material, ethyl glucopyranoside (EGP), led to the conclusion that the lipase-catalyzed ring-opening of epsilon-CL initiated by a multifunctional initiator, EGP, proceeded in a regioselective fashion. Also, a detailed analysis of the NMR data has allowed determination of the site for lipase-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-CL. Our study suggests that among the possible four initiation sites in EGP only the hydroxyl group on carbon C-6 took part in the initiation process.
Direct Investigation of Superparamagnetism in Co Nanoparticle Films

A direct probe of superparamagnetism was used to determine the complete anisotropy energy distribution of Co nanoparticle films. The films were composed of self-assembled lattices of uniform Co nanoparticles of 3 or 5 nm in diameter, and a variable temperature scanning-SQUID microscope was used to measure temperature-induced spontaneous magnetic noise in the samples. Accurate measurements of anisotropy energy distributions of small volume samples will be critical to magnetic optimization of nanoparticle devices and media.
New Technology as Equivoque: Time and Experience in Sensemaking and Sensegiving about Apple’s iPad

Building on Karl Weick’s (1990) “Technology as Equivoque,” I examine the ways in which consumers construct interpretations of a new product: Apple’s iPad. I explore the sensegiving (by Apple) and t...
Community Colleges, Clusters, and Competition: A Case from Washington Wine Country

Velluzzi N. D. Community colleges, clusters, and competition: a case from Washington wine country, Regional Studies. This paper investigates the role of community colleges in shaping the competitiveness of industry clusters. The following analysis presents a case study on the role of the Walla Walla Community College Center for Enology and Viticulture (the Center) cluster-based economic development strategy. The case study examines the ways the Center – which is in Washington State – operates as an intermediary that influences both local labour supply and the social foundations underpinning the production system. Based on case study evidence, it is concluded that the Center's cluster strategy can be understood as a process of ‘institutional thickening’ that enhances the competitiveness and performance of the localized wine industry. Velluzzi N. D. Les centres universitaires, les regroupements et la concurrence: une etude de cas du paysage vinicole de Washington, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche a exa...
Floristic reevaluation of a created wetland in Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Abstract Long-term reassessment of floristic diversity in created wetlands is needed to gain an understanding of how wetlands created for mitigation mature floristically. A thorough floristic survey of a 17-year old created wetland in southeastern New Hampshire was conducted to compare current data to a 1992 floristic study of the site. The flora in 2002 included 110 species, whereas the total number of species recorded in 1992 was 101. Not only had diversity increased, but the flora had changed in a 10-year span; the floristic lists of the two years showed 79 shared species. Sorensen's Index of Similarity revealed a floristic similarity of 75%. Carex atherodes, new to the site in 2002, represents a new state record for New Hampshire. As there is a great need for long-term evaluation of mitigation wetlands, these data contribute toward a better understanding of the maturation of created wetlands, and can be used to make more meaningful floristic comparisons with natural wetlands and evaluate the long term...
A motif in the clathrin heavy chain required for the Hsc70/auxilin uncoating reaction.

The 70-kDa heat-shock cognate protein (Hsc70) chaperone is an ATP-dependent “disassembly enzyme” for many subcellular structures, including clathrin-coated vesicles where it functions as an uncoati...