cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in the structures of monoamine oxidases A and B in rat clonal cell lines

Abstract [3H]Pargyline-labeled polypeptides associated with the A and B types of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in two rat cell lines were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). [3H]Pargyline was bound to MAO A and B in a crude mitochondrial fraction from rat hepatoma cell line MH1C1 and to MAO A in a mitochondrial fraction from rat glioma line C6. Specific radiolabeling of proteins associated with type A and B activity in the hepatoma samples was achieved by incubation with selective B or A inhibitors, respectively, prior to [3H]pargyline binding. Following [3H]pargyline binding, the samples were solubilized by heating in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the presence of a reducing agent. SDS-PAGE of [3H]pargyline bound samples revealed a radiolabeled protein band of apparent molecular weight (mol.wt) 63,000 daltons associated exclusively with MAO A activity and a band of apparent mol. wt 60,000 associated exclusively with MAO B activity. Furthermore, when SDS-solubilized, [3H]pargyline-labeled MAO A and B proteins from these cell lines were subjected to limited proteolysis and one-dimensional peptide mapping in SDS gels, different patterns of [3H]pargyline-labeled peptides were obtained. These findings indicate that the A and B forms of MAO activity are associated with enzyme molecules of different primary covalent structures determined by different gene loci.
Real Women or Objects of Discourse? The Search for Early Christian Women

Scholarly interest in gender and sexuality in early Christianity, which has typically been tied to an interest in women and women's roles, experiences, and influences, is a relatively new addition to the study of early church history. Women and women's issues entered the academy through the women's movement of the 1970s. Early on this scholarship was driven, in part, by a political or theological agenda that sought to empower women of the twentieth century by reconstructing the lives of their foremothers. Often the early studies of women in the church were optimistic that real, historical women could be found within our sources. Soon, however, scholars became more suspicious of the male-authored texts and turned, instead, to study the social effect of discourses about women. Many scholars, however, are not yet ready to give up investigations of ancient women's lives. Thus the field of early Christian studies is developing a variety of methodologies that offer sophisticated readings of ancient male-authored texts while still acknowledging the inherent difficulties involved in reconstructing women's lives in early Christian history.
Welcome from the BCTM 2013 Chairmen

Bienvenue a Bordeaux! On behalf of the BCTM Committee, we are delighted to welcome you to the 2013 IEEE Bipolar/BiCMOS Circuits and Technology Meeting (BCTM). The BCTM 2013 will be held September 30 through October 3 at the Palais de la Bourse in the historic centre of Bordeaux, France. Recognized by UNSECO as a World Heritage site in 2007 for these characteristics: The Port of the Moon, port city of Bordeaux in south-west France, is inscribed as an inhabited historic city, an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble, created in the age of the Enlightenment, whose values continued up to the first half of the 20th century, with more protected buildings than any other French city except Paris. It is also recognized for its historic role as a place of exchange of cultural values over more than 2,000 years. Its urban form represents the success of philosophers who wanted to make towns into melting pots of humanism, universality and culture.
Achieving consensus for clinical trials: the REiNS International Collaboration.

The neurofibromatoses (NF)—including neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2), and schwannomatosis—are related tumor-suppressor syndromes characterized by a predisposition to multiple tumor types and other disease manifestations, which often result in functional disability, reduced quality of life, pain, and, in some cases, malignancy. With increasing knowledge of the biology and pathogenesis of NF, clinical trials with targeted agents directed at NF tumors have become available. Most clinical trials for patients with NF have used designs and endpoints similar to oncology trials. However, differences in the disease manifestations and natural history of NF (compared to cancers) require the development of new designs and endpoints to perform meaningful NF clinical trials. The Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis (REiNS) International Collaboration was established in 2011 at the Children's Tumor Foundation meeting to achieve consensus within the NF community about the design of future clinical trials, with a specific emphasis on endpoints. The REiNS Collaboration includes 7 working groups that focus on imaging of tumor response; functional, visual, patient-reported, and neurocognitive outcomes; whole-body MRI; and disease biomarkers. This supplement includes the first series of recommendations by the REiNS Collaboration. The hope is that these recommendations will be used by members of the group and by researchers outside of the REiNS International Collaboration to standardize the measurement of outcomes and thus improve clinical trials for patients with NF. Ultimately, we plan to engage industry partners and national regulatory agencies in this process to facilitate the approval of drugs for patients with NF.
Alcator C-Mod: A high-field divertor tokamak

Abstract The Alcator C-Mod tokamak is a new device presently under construction at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.I.T.) which is scheduled to begin operation in mid-1990. The projected operating parameters are as follows: Toroidal field of 9 T; I p ≤ 3 MA, R = 66.5 cm, a = 21 cm, κ ≤ 2.0, δ ≤ 0.5, n e ≤ 10 21 m −3 , P ICRF ≤ 6 MW. The divertor configuration includes mechanical baffling as opposed to an ‘open’ geometry. Under strictly ohmic heating conditions, central T i and T e are predicted to be in the range 2.5–3.5 keV over the density range (4–8) × 10 20 m −3 . With the addition of 6 MW of ICRF heating, T i should vary from 4–8 keV over the same density range (assuming either Kaye-Goldston or Neo-Alcator scalings for electron confinement). Based on edge plasma characterizations from Alcator-C and divertor tokamaks, the scrape-off layer (SOL) properties are predicted to be: λ n ≈ 10mm, density at the divertor plate 21 m −3 , H 0 ionization mean free path between 1 and 10 mm. Maximum heat loads on various internal components are predicted to be in the range 5–10 MW/m 2 . The flexibility of the poloidal field system in forming a number of flux surface geometries will provide further comparisons of the relative impurity control capabilities of double-null, single-null and limiter plasmas.
Intercropping Tropical Vine Legumes and Maize for Silage in Temperate Climates

ABSTRACT Maize silage is used extensively in American dairy rations. Increasing protein content would enhance maize silage quality. This study examined nine forage legume species (Austrian winter pea, common bean, cowpea, lablab, scarlet runner bean, sesbania, sunn hemp, tropical kudzu, and velvet bean) grown in mixture with maize plants in Wisconsin, in the U.S. Plants were evaluated for growth throughout the growing season, harvest forage dry matter content, total dry matter yield, and forage mixture components. Of the forage legumes tested, common bean, lablab, scarlet runner bean, sunn hemp, and velvet bean were most successfully intercropped with maize. The common bean entry was the most aggressive forage legume, comprising 23% on a dry-matter basis of the final harvested forage mixture. The lablab entry, despite a slow start, became more productive during the late growing season and comprised 7.4% on a dry-matter basis of the final harvested forage mixture. Harvested forage moisture ranged from 299 ...
A case of persistent hiccups successfully managed with pregabalin

A patient with end-stage Ewing's sarcoma presented with persistent, disabling hiccups in a clinical setting in which common pharmacotherapies were either contraindicated or refused. Initiation of pregabalin, with titration to effective dose, significantly diminished hiccups within 72 hours, with no adverse effects, suggesting a potential niche for this drug.
Enhanced Diffusion and Ordering of Self-Propelled Rods

Starting from a minimal physical model of self-propelled hard rods on a substrate in two dimensions, we derive a modified Smoluchowski equation for the system. Self-propulsion enhances longitudinal diffusion and modifies the mean-field excluded volume interaction. From the Smoluchowski equation we obtain hydrodynamic equations for rod concentration, polarization and nematic order parameter. New results at large scales are a lowering of the density of the isotropic-nematic transition and a strong enhancement of boundary effects in confined self-propelled systems.
Comments on automated perimetry papers.

AUTOMATED perimetry, like computerized axial tomography (CAT scan), is one of the exciting, newer developments from the computer age. Ophthalmologists for years ha ve purchased numerous peri metric devices, attempting to more efficiently evaluate visual field defects. Since 1975 we have had the opportunity at the University of California, Davis, to help design and evaluate several of these automated perimeters. Our initial skepticism about automated perimetry has been replaced by genuine optimism. We are inclined to agree with Dr Fankhauser et all and Dr Heijl et a12 who found automated screening superior to conventional kinetic perimetry.
Gene expression changes in human small airway epithelial cells exposed to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Abstract Marijuana smoking is associated with inflammation, cellular atypia, and molecular dysregulation of the tracheobronchial epithelium. While marijuana smoke shares many components in common with tobacco, it also contains a high concentration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The potential contribution of THC to airway injury was assessed by exposing primary cultures of human small airway epithelial (SAE) cells to THC (0.1–10.0 μg/ml) for either 1 day or 7 days. THC induced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability, ATP level, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Using a targeted gene expression array, we observed acute changes (24 h) in the expression of mRNA for caspase-8, catalase, Bax, early growth response-1, cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), metallothionein 1A, PLAB, and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). After 7 days of exposure, decrease in expression of mRNA for heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was observed, while expression of GADD45A, IL-1A, CYP1A1, and PTGS-2 increased significantly. These findings suggest a contribution of THC to DNA damage, inflammation, and alterations in apoptosis. Treatment with selected prototypical toxicants, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenznzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and carbonyl cyanide-p-(trifluoramethoxy)-phenyl hydrazone (FCCP), produced partially overlapping gene expression profiles suggesting some similarity in mechanism of action with THC. THC, delivered as a component of marijuana smoke, may induce a profile of gene expression that contributes to the pulmonary pathology associated with marijuana use.
Lectin-mediated stimulation of DNA synthesis in cultures of embryonic neural retina cells.

Plant lectins and other agents which are mitogenic for lymphocytes and fibroblasts were tested for their effects on DNA synthesis in primary monolayer cultures of neural retina cells from 10-day chick embryos. Concanavalin A (ConA), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and anti-retina cell antiserum significantly stimulated [3H]TdR incorporation; the maximum increase was reached 15 h after exposure of the cultures to these agents. Cells stimulated by ConA to synthesize DNA subsequently divided. The divalent succinyl derivative of ConA had a considerably lesser effect than the native tetramer, suggesting that cross-linking of cell surface components may be an important aspect of the changes that lead to the stimulation of DNA synthesis in these cells. Using [125I]ConA, the average number of ConA-binding sites per 10-day retina cell was estimated to be 1.7 × 106 (under the culture conditions employed); binding of the lectin to 25–50% of these sites was sufficient to elicit the maximal stimulation of DNA synthesis. Continuous association of the lectin with the cell surface for up to 8 h was essential for the maximal effect, since removal of the lectin from the cell surface (with α-methyl mannose) prior to this time reduced or prevented the stimulation of DNA synthesis. The stimulation by ConA of DNA synthesis in these cultures was dependent on the cell density and was reduced or absent at lower than optimal densities. Examination of this effect suggested that the frequency of intercellular contacts or specific cell associations play a role in the responsiveness of these cells to stimulation of DNA synthesis by ConA.
Synoptic Classification and Physical Model Experiments to Guide Field Studies in Complex Terrain

Abstract Synoptic classification is used to identify meteorological conditions characteristic of high-pollution periods at Nogales, Arizona. Low surface winds determined by local surface cooling at night with little vertical mixing were found to be most important. This condition was simulated in a 0.79-m-square box filled with water with the lower surface made to model a 12-km-square region of the surface topography of the United States-Mexico border at Nogales. The aluminum base was cooled to induce the downslope flows. Photographs of dye initially placed on the surface at many locations were used to obtain a set of surface velocities that formed the input to the Diagnostic Wind Model (DWM). The DWM provided hourly velocity data with grids of 500- and 250-m spacings. The similarity arguments used to analyze the relationship of the physical model to the atmosphere are discussed. Although the magnitude of the wind vectors in the physical model cannot be matched to the atmosphere, the directions can be used...
SnS2 nanoparticle loaded graphene nanocomposites for superior energy storage

SnS2 nanoparticle-loaded graphene nanocomposites were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal reaction. Their electrochemical performance was evaluated as the anode for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries after thermal treatment in an Ar environment. The electrochemical testing results show a high reversible capacity of more than 800 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C rate and 200 mA h g−1 for up to 5 C rate. The cells also exhibit excellent capacity retention for up to 90 cycles even at a high rate of 2 C. This electrochemical behavior can be attributed to the well-defined morphology and nanostructures of these as-synthesized nanocomposites, which is characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy.
Petrographic constraints on models of intergranular pressure solution in quartzose sandstones

Abstract Petrographic and SEM observations on 478 samples of six quartzose sandstones provide a data base that can be used to evaluate the role of intergranular pressure solution (IPS) in sandstone diagenesis and to constrain predictive models of the pressure solution process. SEM examination of grain contacts that have experienced pressure solution suggests that IPS occurs at the interior portions of contacts where the greatest stress is concentrated and that granulation of quartz grains at points of contact may contribute to the process. The chemical compaction fabrics that result from IPS suggest that the process is most commonly induced by effective lithostatic stress and that the resulting strain is uniaxial. Numerous geological variables influence IPS. Grain size exerts a fundamental influence, with finer grained samples experiencing more IPS than coarser grained samples. On both local and regional scales, IPS is inhibited by poor sorting, an abundance of ductile grains, the presence of “shallow” cement, slow rates of shallow burial, and overpressured conditions. In contrast, IPS is enhanced by the presence of illite grain coatings, increased maximum burial depth, rapid rates of shallow burial, longer times spent at great depths, higher temperatures, and high volumes and rates of fluid flow. Silica budgets indicate that some of the analyzed sandstones approximate mass balance whereas others have exported silica. Calculations of fluid flow requirements indicate that advanced stages of IPS are favored by high volume, high velocity fluid flow. Such flow can occur as a result of uplift of basin margins, which is typical of foreland and intractonic basins.
Potential for naturalization of nonidigenous tilapia Orechromis sp. in coastal Louisiana marshes based on integrating thermal tolerance and field data.

In the spring of 2009, tilapia Orechromis sp. were discovered in waterways near Port Sulphur, Louisiana. The potential naturalization of this population is of great concern as this invasive species can drastically disrupt fish community structure. Identification as an Oreochromis hybrid occurred through allozyme analysis, and our project investigated tilapia thermal tolerances at environmentally relevant salinities to determine lethal limits. In the laboratory, tilapia were acclimated for 1 month at salinities of 0.8, 7.0, or 15.0 ppt (g/L). Initial water temperatures of 26 C were decreased 2 C per day for all three acclimation salinities and 1 C per day for a cohort acclimated at 7 ppt until 100 % mortality of tilapia was observed. Tilapia acclimated to salinities of 0.8 and 7 ppt lost equilibrium at 10 C, while 15.0 ppt-acclimated individuals lost equilibrium at 8 C. Mortality within all acclimation salinities occurred between 8 and 6 C, with median lower lethal temperatures for all acclimations calculated between 6.0 and 6.6 C. Salinity acclimation prior to the thermal tolerance challenge did not alter cold tolerance. Experimental data were statistically modeled with field temperature data, and our results suggest low potential for tilapia naturalization, except in developed areas.
Model Hamiltonians and First Principles Electronic Structure Calculations

We review the basic ideas of the dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Some of the remarkable insights into the electronic structure of strongly correlated electrons are introduced using the simplest model Hamiltonians. We then discuss the perspectives for carrying out more realistic DMFT studies of strongly correlated electron systems and we compare it with existent methods, LDA and LDA+U. We stress the existence of new functional for electronic structure calculations which allow us to treat situations where the single-particle description breaks down such as the vicinity of the Mott transition.
Adolescent Age-Specific Values

“Out of the question! I won’t wear a brace. I’ll do the electrical stuff at night and anything else you want, but no brace.”
Multiplexed activation of endogenous genes by CRISPR-on, an RNA-guided transcriptional activator system

Technologies allowing for specific regulation of endogenous genes are valuable for the study of gene functions and have great potential in therapeutics. We created the CRISPR-on system, a two-component transcriptional activator consisting of a nuclease-dead Cas9 (dCas9) protein fused with a transcriptional activation domain and single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with complementary sequence to gene promoters. We demonstrate that CRISPR-on can efficiently activate exogenous reporter genes in both human and mouse cells in a tunable manner. In addition, we show that robust reporter gene activation in vivo can be achieved by injecting the system components into mouse zygotes. Furthermore, we show that CRISPR-on can activate the endogenous IL1RN, SOX2, and OCT4 genes. The most efficient gene activation was achieved by clusters of 3-4 sgRNAs binding to the proximal promoters, suggesting their synergistic action in gene induction. Significantly, when sgRNAs targeting multiple genes were simultaneously introduced into cells, robust multiplexed endogenous gene activation was achieved. Genome-wide expression profiling demonstrated high specificity of the system.
Evaluation of pachymeningitis by contrast-enhanced MR imaging in a patient with rheumatoid disease.

Symptomatic rheumatoid pachymeningitis is a rare extraarticular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical symptoms are nonspecific and diagnosis is frequently made by exclusion. We report a case of rheumatoid pachymeningitis evaluated by gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced MR imaging
Functional gait outcomes for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after primary endoscopic third ventriculostomy

We evaluated if patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) showed functional improvement after primary endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). The efficacy of ETV for iNPH remains controversial. We retrospectively reviewed 10 consecutive patients treated between 2009 and 2011 with ETV for iNPH. Seven patients with a median age of 73 years (range: 60-80) who underwent a primary ETV for iNPH were included for analysis. Median follow-up was 39 months (range: 26-46). Post-ETV stoma and aqueductal and cisternal flows were confirmed via high resolution, gradient echo and phase contrast MRI. Post-ETV timed up and go (TUG) and Tinetti performance oriented mobility assessment scores were compared to pre- and post-lumbar puncture (LP) values. A second LP was performed if ETV failed to sustain the observed improvement after initial LP. Patients who demonstrated ETV failure were subsequently shunted. Compared to pre-LP TUG and Tinetti values of 14.00 seconds (range: 12.00-23.00) and 22 (range: 16-24), post-LP scores improved to 11.00 seconds (range: 8.64-15.00; p=0.06) and 25 (range: 24-28; p=0.02), respectively. ETV failed to sustain this improvement with slight worsening between pre-LP and post-ETV TUG and Tinetti scores. Improvement from pre-LP assessment was regained after shunting and at last follow-up with TUG and Tinetti scores of 12.97 seconds (range: 9.00-18.00; p=0.250) and 25 (range: 18-27; p=0.07), and 11.87 seconds (range: 8.27-18.50; p=0.152) and 23 (range: 18-26; p=0.382), respectively. Despite stoma patency, ETV failed to sustain functional improvement seen after LP, however, improvement was regained after subsequent shunting suggesting that shunt placement remains the preferred treatment for iNPH.
Controlled Electroless Deposition of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Films on Germanium Surfaces

Thin noble metal films have been prepared as a result of the immersion of germanium substrates into dilute, aqueous solutions of AuCl4-, PdCl42-, or PtCl42-, respectively. Deposition proceeds via galvanic displacement in the absence of fluoride, pH adjusters, complexing agents, or external reducing agents. This manner of metal deposition serves as a cost-effective, high-throughput methodology with control over surface morphology and deposition rate by modulation of plating parameters such as concentration, temperature, and immersion time.
Experimental investigation of the heterogeneity of the double layer in transformer oil

The effect of the double layer on the frequency spectrum of the dielectric properties of a fluid was verified experimentally by measuring the dielectric properties of transformer oil with three interdigital electrode structures with spatial wavelengths of 5 mm, 1 mm, and 50 /spl mu/m. The electrodes were coated with a 5-/spl mu/m-thick dielectric layer which provided a passive boundary between the electrodes and the fluid. The frequency spectrum contains dispersion characteristics that can be attributed to space-charge polarization in a thin region above the dielectric layer. For electrode structures whose characteristics length scale is large compared with the Debye length, an accurate model for the bipolar medium consists of an insulating region, whose thickness is equal to the Debye length, and semi-infinite ohmic region, whose dielectric properties are equal to the bulk properties of the medium. >
Photophysical studies of a solid oxide/surfactant interface: Photo-reactions in the nanospace of the silica gel Triton X100 systemDedicated to Professor Frank Wilkinson on the occasion of his retirement.Work supported by the National Science Foundation.

Spectroscopic methods are used to study the adsorption of Triton X100 (TX100) to SiO2 in a hydrophobic medium. The studies show that random aggregates of the surfactant that can host hydrophobic guest molecules such as pyrene and ferrocene form on the surface. Photophysical studies with the latter system show that small aggregates (Nagg = 33) of TX100 are formed if water (in concentrations as low as a monolayer coverage) is included in the system. It is suggested that the organic aggregates are formed in crevices or gussets of the SiO2 surface.
An Integrated Assessment Model for Helping the United States Sea Scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) Fishery Plan Ahead for Ocean Acidification and Warming

Ocean acidification, the progressive change in ocean chemistry caused by uptake of atmospheric CO2, is likely to affect some marine resources negatively, including shellfish. The Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) supports one of the most economically important single-species commercial fisheries in the United States. Careful management appears to be the most powerful short-term factor affecting scallop populations, but in the coming decades scallops will be increasingly influenced by global environmental changes such as ocean warming and ocean acidification. In this paper, we describe an integrated assessment model (IAM) that numerically simulates oceanographic, population dynamic, and socioeconomic relationships for the U.S. commercial sea scallop fishery. Our primary goal is to enrich resource management deliberations by offering both short- and long-term insight into the system and generating detailed policy-relevant information about the relative effects of ocean acidification, temperature rise, fishing pressure, and socioeconomic factors on the fishery using a simplified model system. Starting with relationships and data used now for sea scallop fishery management, the model adds socioeconomic decision making based on static economic theory and includes ocean biogeochemical change resulting from CO2 emissions. The model skillfully reproduces scallop population dynamics, market dynamics, and seawater carbonate chemistry since 2000. It indicates sea scallop harvests could decline substantially by 2050 under RCP 8.5 CO2 emissions and current harvest rules, assuming that ocean acidification affects P. magellanicus by decreasing recruitment and slowing growth, and that ocean warming increases growth. Future work will explore different economic and management scenarios and test how potential impacts of ocean acidification on other scallop biological parameters may influence the social-ecological system. Future empirical work on the effect of ocean acidification on sea scallops is also needed.
Intraepidermal erbium:YAG laser resurfacing: impact on the dermal matrix.

Background Various minimally invasive treatments enhance the skin's appearance. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms whereby treatments working at the epidermal level might alter the dermis. Objective We sought to quantify the molecular changes that result from erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser microablative resurfacing. Methods We performed biochemical analyses after intraepidermal Er:YAG laser resurfacing of 10 patients. Immunohistochemical analysis and polymerase chain reaction technology were utilized to measure key biomarkers. Results The basement membrane remained intact after intraepidermal microablation, as demonstrated by laminin γ2 immunostaining. Epidermal injury was demonstrated with acute up-regulation of keratin 16. An inflammatory response ensued as indicated by increases in cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-8 as well as a substantial neutrophil infiltrate. Levels of cJun and JunB proteins, components of the transcription factor AP-1 complex, were also elevated. Up-regulation of extracellular matrix degrading proteinases matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, and MMP-9 was noted. A transient increase in keratinocyte proliferation, as indicated by staining for Ki67, was observed. Increased expression of type I and type III procollagen was demonstrated. Limitations The data presented are those that resulted from a single treatment session. Conclusions Although microablation was confined to the uppermost epidermis, marked changes in epidermal and dermal structure and function were demonstrated after Er:YAG laser microablative resurfacing. We demonstrated substantial dermal matrix remodeling, including a degree of collagen production that compares favorably with some more invasive interventions. Dermal remodeling and stimulation of collagen production are associated with wrinkle reduction. Thus these results suggest that the skin's appearance may be enhanced by creating dermal changes through the use of superficially acting treatments.
But What About the Prom? Students' Perceptions of Early College Entrance

The Early Entrance Program at the University of Washington enables bright and highly motivated adolescents to enter the University of Washington without attending high school. Previous research indicates that students do well academically at the UW, with grade point averages much higher than those earned by regular-age students, and that they adjust well to college life. This study exaimined student perceptions of early college entrance, focusing on the reasons students choose this unusual educational option; their experiences with peers, regular age students, and professors; and the effect of skipping high school on their social, emotional, and intellectual development.
The efficacy of calcitriol therapy in the management of bone loss and fractures: a qualitative review

Summary Osteoporosis, a skeletal disorder characterized by a reduction in bone strength, increases fracture risk. Primary osteoporosis is usually a result of reduced bone mineral density as a consequence of natural aging. Secondary osteoporosis is usually a result of a disease, such as cystic fibrosis, or medical treatment, such as corticosteroids or cancer treatment.
Prevalence of Structural Cardiac Abnormalities in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type I

Abstract Background Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a neurological disorder with known cardiac involvement, including conduction disturbances, arrhythmias, and ventricular dysfunction. We studied which clinical and electrocardiographic features are associated with structural cardiac abnormalities. Methods History, physical examination, electrocardiography, and genetic testing were performed on 382 patients with DM1, and cardiac imaging was performed on 100 of these patients. Results Clinical congestive heart failure was found in 7 of the 382 patients (1.8%). Structural cardiac abnormalities determined with cardiac imaging included left ventricular hypertrophy (19.8%), left ventricular dilatation (18.6%), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (14.0%), mitral valve prolapse (13.7%), regional wall motion abnormality (11.2%), and left atrial dilatation (6.3%). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with increasing age (relative risk [RR], 1.9 per decade; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2; P = .02), cytosine-thymine-guanine (CTG) repeat length (RR, 2.8 per 500 repeats; 95% CI, 1.3–6.3; P = .01), P-R >200 ms (RR, 14.7; 95% CI, 3.0–73.1; P = .001), and QRS >120 ms (RR, 5.7; 95% CI, 1.5–21.8; P = .01). P-R >200 ms was predictive of regional wall motion abnormalities. QRS >120 ms correlated with regional wall motion abnormalities and left atrial dilatation. Conclusions Several clinical and electrocardiographic findings in patients with DM1 are significantly associated with structural heart abnormalities. These results suggest an underlying genetic and pathophysiologic correlate that may lead to cardiac disease in these patients.
Effect of Age on Bronchodilator Response

Study Objective Our objective was to compare the differential effects of age and drug type on bronchodilator response. Design The design was an unblinded, randomized crossover study. Setting An ambulatory pulmonary drug study unit was the setting. Patients Nineteen young (18 to 25 yr) and 17 elderly (>65 yr) stable asthmatic subjects were studied. Interventions and Measurements Albuterol or ipratropium was given on two separate mornings using an MDI with extender. Subjects inhaled two puffs initially and then one puff every 30 min to a total of six puffs. Pulmonary function, blood pressure, and pulse were measured at baseline and every 30 min for 3 h. Results All subjects had a greater than 15 percent increase in FEV, with one or both drugs. More patients responded to albuterol than to ipratropium in both age groups. The maximum percentage of change from baseline was greater (p 1 . Changes in blood pressure and pulse were not significant. Three subjects stopped therapy with albuterol with side effects. Conclusions Both drugs are effective bronchodilators in young and old asthmatic subjects, but albuterol results in a greater magnitude of response in both age groups. Age is not a predictor of response to either drug.
Generation of Arabidopsis Mutants by Heterologous Expression of a Full-Length cDNA Library from Tomato Fruits

Heterologous expression of cDNA library in Arabidopsis and other plants has been used for gene identifications. To identify functions of tomato genes, we expressed a tomato full-length cDNA library in Arabidopsis thaliana and generated over 7,000 mutants. We constructed a tomato cDNA library with a plant transformation-ready binary vector that contained a higher percentage of full-length cDNAs since synthesized double-stranded cDNA was size-selected using gel electrophoresis, with cDNA sizes of 2–5 kb being gel-purified for ligation onto the binary vector. Sequencing of 81 cDNA clones indicates that 75% (61) are full-length genes, which is similar to sequencing of inserted cDNA in Arabidopsis. The library was used to transform Arabidopsis plants. Among the 7,000 mutants, one was found to be a dwarf due to the expression of an ATP synthase, and another vegetative mutant did not produce flowers even after 7 months. The technique was validated by reintroducing the tomato ribosomal protein L9 gene and can be used in any other plant species as a gene discovery tool.
Myelopathy in patients under chronic steroid therapy: remember spinal epidural lipomatosis.

Fig. 1. Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracic spine (Top Left: T1; and Top Right: T2) demonstrating an epidural mass with signal characteristics compatible with fat (white arrows) (hyperintense in T1 and less hyperintense in T2 than the cerebrospinal fluid). (Bottom) Axial T2 cut at the level of T5–T6 level, as shown in the green line of sagittal section. Fig. 2. Intraoperative picture after T3–T11 laminoplasty. Note the thick and hard layers of abnormal epidural fat over the posterior epidural space.
The Reference Interview Thrives

I had never been east of the Colorado Rockies, so there was little in my past to go on for my first trip to the land of north-central Indiana. I had fallen for a pretty, twenty-something named Hann...
STAT4 and T-bet are required for the plasticity of IFN-γ expression across Th2 ontogeny and influence changes in Ifng promoter DNA methylation

CD4(+) T cells developing toward a Th2 fate express IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 while inhibiting production of cytokines associated with other Th types, such as the Th1 cytokine IFN- γ. IL-4-producing Th2 effector cells give rise to a long-lived memory population committed to reactivation of the Th2 cytokine gene expression program. However, reactivation of these effector-derived cells under Th1-skewing conditions leads to production of IFN-γ along with IL-4 in the same cell. We now show that this flexibility ("plasticity") of cytokine expression is preceded by a loss of the repressive DNA methylation of the Ifng promoter acquired during Th2 polarization yet requires STAT4 along with T-box expressed in T cells. Surprisingly, loss of either STAT4 or T-box expressed in T cells increased Ifng promoter CpG methylation in both effector and memory Th2 cells. Taken together, our data suggest a model in which the expression of IFN-γ by Th2-derived memory cells involves attenuation of epigenetic repression in memory Th2 cells, combined with Th1-polarizing signals after their recall activation.
Evaluation of compliance to national nutrition policies in summer day camps

Objective The National Afterschool Association (NAA) standards specify the role of summer day camps (SDC) in promoting healthy nutrition habits of the children attending, identifying foods and beverages to be provided to children and staff roles in promoting good nutrition habits. However, many SDC do not provide meals. Currently, national guidelines specifying what children are allowed to bring to such settings do not exist, nor is there a solid understanding of the current landscape surrounding healthy eating within SDC. Design A cross-sectional study design using validated measures with multiple observations was used to determine the types of foods and beverages brought to SDC programmes. Setting Four large-scale, community-based SDC participated in the study during summer 2011. Subjects The types of foods and beverages brought by children (n 766) and staff (n 87), as well as any instances of staff promoting healthy eating behaviours, were examined via direct observation over 27 d. Additionally, the extent to which current foods and beverages at SDC complied with NAA standards was evaluated. Results Less than half of the children brought water, 47 % brought non-100 % juices, 4 % brought soda, 4 % brought a vegetable and 20 % brought fruit. Staff foods and beverages modelled similar patterns. Promotion of healthy eating by staff was observed <1 % of the time. Conclusions Findings suggest that foods and beverages brought to SDC by children and staff do not support nutrition standards and staff do not regularly promote healthy eating habits. To assist, professional development, parent education and organizational policies are needed.
Exploratory Spectral Analysis of Time Series

Over 20 years have passed since the publication of a book by Box and Jenkins (Box and Jenkins, 1970) where the principles of time series analysis and modeling were formulated. During this period the Box-Jenkins methodology has been successfully applied to numerous practical problems and has become the standard procedure for time series modeling and analysis (Pankratz, 1983). Most commercial statistical computer packages support this methodology.
Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument for Measuring Organizational Climate for Quality Evidence From a National Sample of Infection Preventionists

In recent years, there has been increased interest in measuring the climate for infection prevention; however, reliable and valid instruments are lacking. This study tested the psychometric propert...
Court System Transparency

This article applies systems analysis to two ends. First, it identifies simple changes that would make the court system transparent. Second, it projects transparency's consequences. Transparency means that both the patterns across, and details of, case files are revealed to policymakers, litigants, and the public in easily understood forms. Government must make two changes to achieve court system transparency. The first is to remove the existing restrictions on the electronic release of court documents, including the requirements for registration, separate requests for each document, and monetary payment. The second - already being implemented in the federal courts - is to require the use of data-enabled forms. Once these changes are in place, institutions and private parties will process the available data at the parties' own expense. That processing will generate millions of real-time views of court system operation using automatically-updated regression analyses and both textual and graphical data displays. The effect would be a renaissance. Corruption, incompetence, inefficiency, prejudice and favoritism would be exposed and wither. Litigation would be cheap and easy because parties could see all court files in the system and copy the work of others. Policy makers could see the human consequences of the laws they enact and adjust accordingly. Lawyers could predict the outcomes of their cases, making litigation less necessary. Citizens would for the first time be able to derive and see the real rules by which they are governed. Transparency would have a minimal effect on privacy. The data processed are already public record and adequate privacy protections are already provided through sealing orders and redaction requirements. Transparency would generate pressures on judges and court administrators, but the effects of those pressures would be generally positive. Limitations on the public enforcement of private arbitration awards might be necessary to prevent parties from opting out of the transparent system.
Capillitial Development in the Myxomycetes Badhamia Gracilis and Didymium Iridis

The development of the capillitium of two species of Myxomycetes, Badhamia gracilis (Macbr.) Macbr. and Didymium Iridis (Ditm.) Fries, has been investigated. In Badhamia gracilis it was found that ...
SEX DETERMINING TEMPERATURES IN TURTLES: A GEOGRAPHIC COMPARISON

The sex of many reptiles is determined by the incubation temperature of the egg (Bull, 1980). Laboratory studies of six genera of turtles, for example, show that a developmental temperature of 25 C produces all males, 31 C or higher produces all females, and survival is sufficiently high in some studies to conclude that this is not due to differential death of the sexes (Pieau, 1975; Yntema, 1976; Bull and Vogt, 1979; Yntema and Mrosovsky, 1980). The laboratory studies have been corroborated by field studies, suggesting that nest temperature is the sex determining agent in these species (Bull and Vogt, 1979, and unpubl.). Temperature-dependent sex determination is unique because a variety of factors interact to determine the sex ratio: (1) maternal behavior in choosing a nest site, (2) the zygote's response to temperature in becoming male or female, and (3) environmental effects on the temperature of the nesting area. As a result of the environmental component to sex determination, temporal and spatial variation of the environment may cause the sex ratio to vary. On the one hand, this sex ratio variation may jeopardize the evolutionary stability of temperature-dependent sex determination (Bull, 1980, 1981; Bulmer and Bull, 1982; see also Charnov and Bull, 1977). Here, however, we consider how the sex ratio evolves in response to the environment, rather than evolution of the sex de-
Volumetric Acoustic Imaging via Circular Multipass Aperture Synthesis

In this paper, volumetric imaging via multipass circular synthetic aperture sonar (CSAS) is demonstrated using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). A multidimensional aperture is synthesized by performing a series of circular scans at varying grazing angles around targets and coherently combining the backscattering information from the set of scans to form high-resolution volumetric images. A data-driven technique for precision alignment of the individual scans comprising the multipass set enables synthesis of a multidimensional array. To beamform in the vertical dimension using the irregular and undersampled multipass aperture, a compressive-sensing-based approach is adopted which is similar to methods used in analogous synthetic aperture radar tomography applications but modified to accommodate for the wider fractional bandwidth of the synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) system. The modification exploits a joint sparsity assumption in the vertical scattering profile at different subbands and adapts a standard joint sparse solving algorithm to the relevant case in which the sparsity profile is common between solution vectors but the sensing matrices are different. Results are shown for a variety of targets, including proud and obliquely buried unexploded ordnance, a 2-1 solid aluminum cylinder, and a steel oil drum.
Potential trends in snowmelt-generated peak streamflows in a warming climate

Previously reported impacts of climate warming on streamflow peaks are varied, and the controls on the variations remain unclear. Using physically based linked snowpack and watershed hydrological models, we evaluated the potential changes in seasonal snowmelt-generated streamflow peak (Qmax) due to warming in a small semiarid mountain watershed. Results suggest that the trend in Qmax with warming is strongly governed by the conversion of precipitation phase, accumulated snow amount prior to the melt season, and snowmelt rate during the ablation period. Under a warming climate, the trend in Qmax is expected to be decreasing for relatively warm regions but increasing for cold regions. Climate regimes that are most susceptible to dominant precipitation phase transitions from snow to rain are likely to experience larger decreases in Qmax with warming. This study serves as a first step toward assessing the varied impacts on Qmax due to warming vis-a-vis the specific catchment hydroclimatology.
Gabor filter enhancement algorithm based on binarization fingerprint image

During the preprocess of fingerprint images,Gabor filter shows prominent effect in image smoothing and segmentation.But Gabor filter is also very sensitive to the changes of ridge line direction and frequency,which leads to severe loses and changes of fingerprint feature in actual practice.To eliminate the defects,phase difference method are introduced in binarization,then Gabor filter is used for binary image enhancement.The proposed method not only reserves the Gabor filter’s advantages,such as connection of broken line and noise reduction,but also avoids its limitation,such as more sensitivity to the changes of frequency.So,in binarization process,it can effectively preserve fingerprint features.
Analysis and The Interference of Mental Needs of Patients

Paying attention to the mental needs of patients is the demand of the changing of medical mode,humanizing service,setting up harmonious hospital and establishing hospital brand.In recent years,southwest hospital makes analysis and takes some interference measures in these aspects such as diagnosis and treatment environment,cultural atmosphere,communications between doctors and patients,sweet service and reasonable medical treatment to satisfy the patients mental need.
XPS analysis on the steeladhesive interface

The interface of steel and adhesive was analyzed by XPS. The changes of chemical state of several element in the course of bondings were investigated, and adhesion mechanism discussed. The results show that chemical reactions occur at interface of phenolic resins and steel, but chlorinated rubber is bonded to steel by means of Van der Waals force.