cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
REGULATORY AND PROCEDURAL EFFECTS ON THE UNDERPRICING OF INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS

In this paper, the pricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) is examined from the underwriter's point of view. It is shown that because of the regulations and procedures governing the underwriting and pricing of IPOs, underwriters can maximize expected income by underpricing IPOs. Thus, it is argued that in addition to other feasible explanations of the underpricing phenomenon (e.g., compensation to uninformed investors, insurance against legal liability, etc.), regulatory and procedural factors contribute to the underpricing of IPOs. This is shown to be true both when uninformed investors are present and absent from the market for IPOs.
Can e-gaming be useful for achieving recommended levels of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in inner-city children?

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the energy expenditure of a tailored, interactive genre of e-gaming (“Winds of Orbis: An Active Adventure”; Entertainment Technology Center, Carnegie Mellon, Pittsburgh, PA) (www.activeadventuregame.com) with that of a tethered videogame (“Dance Dance Revolution” [DDR]; Konami Digital Entertainment, El Segundo, CA) and with traditional physical education (PE) activities in meeting recommended levels of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Subjects and Methods: Schoolchildren (n=104) in grades 3–8 from inner-city Washington, DC completed three randomly ordered 20-minute bouts of DDR, “Orbis,” and PE. Energy expenditure was measured using accelerometry. Results: Overall, energy expenditure was significantly greater from PE compared with “Orbis” and DDR (P<0.01). Among girls (n=58) and children with obesity (n=49), however, energy expenditure from “Orbis” and PE was similar, and both resulted in higher energy expenditure compar...
Schwannoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report

The urinary bladder is an extremely rare site for primary schwannomas. They are most often associated with von Recklinghausen disease. This patient was found to have a schwannoma of the bladder in the absence of evidence of von Recklinghausen disease and was successfully treated with a partial cystectomy. This represents only the third such case in the literature of this entity.
Empirical Restrictions on the Power of Transformation Grammars

In their article "On the Generative Power of Transformational Grammars", Peters and Ritchie (1971) argue that given any recursively enumerable set there exists a transformational grammar that will produce that set. They claim that the deletion rule used in their proof (b → o) is a recoverable deletion rule. This deletion rule obligatorially deletes all occurrences of a terminal symbol b from every sentence of a context-sensitive language related to the original recursively enumerable set. As a result of such a transformation, there exists no surface sentence with b. The terminal symbol b is only recoverable because in their formulation the grammar that produces the b's is already determined. There is, however, no evidence in the surface strings of the language for any b.
A recursive method for discriminative mixture learning

We consider the problem of learning density mixture models for classification. Traditional learning of mixtures for density estimation focuses on models that correctly represent the density at all points in the sample space. Discriminative learning, on the other hand, aims at representing the density at the decision boundary. We introduce a novel discriminative learning method for mixtures of generative models. Unlike traditional discriminative learning methods that often resort to computationally demanding gradient search optimization, the proposed method is highly efficient as it reduces to generative learning of individual mixture components on weighted data. Hence it is particularly suited to domains with complex component models, such as hidden Markov models or Bayesian networks in general, that are usually too complex for effective gradient search. We demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method in a comprehensive set of evaluations on time-series sequence classification problems.
Allocating Building Inspection Manpower for Fire Prevention

This paper concerns the analysis of two basic planning problems inherent in the building inspection operations of municipal fire prevention bureas. These problems are 1 how often to inspect each type occupancy in each area of the city, and 2 how to divide the city into “area-of-responsibility” districts, with one district for each inspector. The problems are interrelated and are represented in one model. Formulation of the model is based on the operations of the Atlanta, Georgia, Fire Prevention Bureau. The model constitutes a “controllable” analogue to the political redistricting problem. A solution procedure is presented which is a modification of the Hess and Weaver redistricting algorithm. Application of the model and solution procedure to Atlanta is given. Preliminary results indicate an improvement in districting over current practices.
Raman Spectra of Potassium Borogermanate Glasses with High B2O3 Contents

Raman spectra were measured and analyzed for K2O-B2O3-CeO2 glasses containing 85% and 65% B2O3. Structural changes, e.g. in the coordination of boron (3 to 4) and germanium (4 to 6), were noted from the spectra when composition was varied.
Balancing fidelity and adaptation in the dissemination of empirically-supported treatments: The promise of transdiagnostic interventions

Assessing treatment fidelity is a core methodological consideration in the study of treatment outcome; it influences both the degree to which changes can be attributed to the intervention and the ability to replicate and disseminate the intervention. Efforts to increase access to evidence-based psychological treatments are receiving unprecedented support; but pressures exist to adapt treatments to service settings, running the risk of compromising fidelity. However, little evidence is available to inform the necessary conditions for the transportation of interventions to service provision settings, and the degree to which fidelity is even evaluated or emphasized in dissemination and implementation programs varies dramatically. Moreover, adaptation is associated with several benefits for dissemination efforts and may address relevant barriers to adoption. A particularly promising strategy for maximizing the benefits of both fidelity and adaptation is the use of transdiagnostic interventions. Such treatments allow for greater flexibility of the pacing and content of treatment, while still providing structure to facilitate testing and replication. Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of this strategy, which may be particularly conducive to dissemination into service provision settings. At this time, further research is needed to evaluate the relationships among fidelity, adaptation, and outcome, and to determine the potential for transdiagnostic treatments to facilitate dissemination.
Rederivation of transgenic mice from iPS cells derived from frozen tissue

In mice, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells with embryonic stem (ES)-like characteristics have been derived by ectopic expression of four transcription factors in somatic cells: Sox2, Oct3/4, Klf4 and/or c-Myc. To date, iPS cells have only be made from freshly harvested tissues and cells. However, if iPS cells could be derived from frozen tissues and cells, then cryopreservation of tissues such as mouse tails could conceivably become a reliable alternative to the more traditional formats, like germplasm and ES cells, for the archiving of genetically altered mouse lines. To test this hypothesis, we sought to demonstrate that a live transgenic mouse line could be recovered from transgenic iPS cells derived from cryopreserved mouse tissues. Tails and tail-derived fibroblasts from a DsRED transgenic mouse were cryopreserved in the presence of 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in liquid nitrogen for 1 week and 1 month, respectively. Afterward, tissues and cells were thawed and underwent nuclear reprogramming by molecular transfection to derive iPS cells which generated germline confirmed transgenic mice. Our results demonstrate for the first time that iPS cells can be efficiently derived from frozen-stored-thawed tail tissue and fibroblasts and used to re-establish a transgenic mouse line. Therefore, this study provides conclusive evidence that, as a practical matter, frozen tails and fibroblasts can be used as an effective and reliable alternative to frozen germplasm and ES cells for the storage, maintenance, and distribution of genetically-altered mutant mice.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Iodochlorohydroxyquin and Hydrocortisone in Ointments and Creams

A simple isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of iodochlorhydroxyquin and hydrocortisone in ointments and creams using phenyl salicylate as an internal standard. Ointment samples were extracted by direct dissolution in ether. Homogeneous suspensions of the creams were prepared in the mobile phase. The samples were spiked by the addition of standard iodochlorhydroxyquin, standard hydrocortisone, and the internal standard and subsequently extracted with the mobile phase. HPLC was performed using a reverse-phase microparticulate C-18 column, a precolumn, and a UV detector set at 256 nm. A mobile phase containing methanol and 0.05 M phosphoric acid (70:30) was employed at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The percent iodochlorhydroxyquin and hydrocortisone found to be present in eight commercial products is reported.
Changes in Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Parent Participation and Home Programs: An Update

Attitudes and beliefs regarding parent participation and home programs in early intervention have significantly changed over the last 30 years on the basis of public policy and the needs of families. This paper discusses traditional and current attitudes and practices regarding parent participation and home programs. These attitudes and practices have been influenced by the medical model, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142), the Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986 (Public Law 99-457), and parental concerns. We have evolved from believing that, as occupational therapists, we are the experts who teach parents what to do with their child through parent training to believing that parents and professionals need to collaborate as equal partners in developing home activities. Six guidelines are suggested for use in developing family-centered home programs, and the application of some of these guidelines is demonstrated in a case example.
An analysis of distributed computing software and hardware for applications in computational physics

The author has implemented a set of computational physics codes on a network of IBM RS/6000 workstations used as a distributed parallel computer. He compares the performance of the codes on this network, using both standard Ethernet connections and a fast prototype switch, and also on the nCUBE/2, a MIMD parallel computer. The algorithms used range from simple, local, and regular to complex, non-local, and irregular. He describes his experiences with the hardware, software and parallel languages used, and discusses ideas for making distributed parallel computing on workstation networks more easily usable for computational physicists. >
Role of Linguistic Experience in the Perception of Speech

Although the linguistic and psycholinguistic theories of the 1960s emphasized the predispositional and maturational aspects of language acquisition, no one denies that experiential variables have profound effects on all aspects of the development of language functions. The knowledge of a language possessed by a normal adult is a product of many years of exposure to a specific language environment. Both receptive and expressive modes of language behavior are molded by the speaker-hearer’s interaction with the linguistic community. In literate societies, the perceptual aspects of receptive language function include both vision (reading) and audition (speech perception), but, obviously, the latter is the primary mode by which language is learned and used by all normal humans. (For a comparison and contrast of the visual and auditory modes, see Kavanagh and Mattingly, 1972.)
Understanding the Patient-Physician Interaction: Potential for Reducing Health Disparities:

Racial differences in health and health care persist. These differences can be linked, in part, to physician-patient communication. This study examined the effect of race concordance and communication comfort on the patient's level of general satisfaction and their intent to adhere to physician instructions. Results indicate that patient satisfaction and likelihood of adherence are related to communication comfort. Additionally, patients seeing a physician of their own race are more likely to adhere to instructions than those seeing a physician of a different race, although the effect of race-concordance is not as strong as communication comfort. In-terestingly, race-concordance is not related to patient satisfaction. We conclude that both communication comfort and race-concordance play major roles in the patient-physician relationship. Given that communication comfort appears to play a more important role than race concordance, our findings suggest that increasing awareness of racial differences and effe...
The Ortholog Conjecture Is Untestable by the Current Gene Ontology but Is Supported by RNA Sequencing Data

The ortholog conjecture posits that orthologous genes are functionally more similar than paralogous genes. This conjecture is a cornerstone of phylogenomics and is used daily by both computational and experimental biologists in predicting, interpreting, and understanding gene functions. A recent study, however, challenged the ortholog conjecture on the basis of experimentally derived Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and microarray gene expression data in human and mouse. It instead proposed that the functional similarity of homologous genes is primarily determined by the cellular context in which the genes act, explaining why a greater functional similarity of (within-species) paralogs than (between-species) orthologs was observed. Here we show that GO-based functional similarity between human and mouse orthologs, relative to that between paralogs, has been increasing in the last five years. Further, compared with paralogs, orthologs are less likely to be included in the same study, causing an underestimation in their functional similarity. A close examination of functional studies of homologs with identical protein sequences reveals experimental biases, annotation errors, and homology-based functional inferences that are labeled in GO as experimental. These problems and the temporary nature of the GO-based finding make the current GO inappropriate for testing the ortholog conjecture. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is known to be superior to microarray for comparing the expressions of different genes or in different species. Our analysis of a large RNA-Seq dataset of multiple tissues from eight mammals and the chicken shows that the expression similarity between orthologs is significantly higher than that between within-species paralogs, supporting the ortholog conjecture and refuting the cellular context hypothesis for gene expression. We conclude that the ortholog conjecture remains largely valid to the extent that it has been tested, but further scrutiny using more and better functional data is needed.
Fortran information bulletin no. 1

This first issue of the FIB may be considered a "trial balloon" as to its contents. While it does not contain a large amount of information, I have tried to gather a number of items which I feel might be of interest to you, the readers. I hope to get some feed- back about the material in this first issue, particularly with regard to desirable and undesirable features.Since the FIB was announced only a short time ago, I have not yet received many contributions. I hope that this will improve after you see this first, albeit skimpy, issue, since the frequency and content of the future issues will depend entirely on contributions from the readership.I have started to establish contact with a fairly sizable number of users groups in the hope that they will contribute to the FIB either through their membership or directly by permission to reprint or abstract their minutes. As an example of this kind of contribution see the report from the SHARE FORTRAN Project in this issue. (Incidentally, what is the accepted way of writing, FORTRAN or Fortran?)
American Catholicism, Catholic Charities U.S.A., and Welfare Reform

In this article I want to give at least a thumbnail sense of the background assumptions, policy contours, and vehicles for American Catholicism in engaging in public policy discussions. To do so, I will eventually concentrate on one major recent public policy discussion in the United States: the debates on welfare reform that led up to, and continue vigorously even after, the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. I do so because American Catholic institutions, including the United States Catholic Conference and Catholic Charities U.S.A., played a crucial and continuous role in these debates about welfare reform. Indeed, New York's Senator Daniel P. Moynihan, a vigorous opponent of the proposed welfare reform bill, in excoriating his fellow liberals for signing on to the bill, could lift up the example of the Catholic bishops' lobbying and exclaim: “The bishops admittedly have an easier time with matters of this sort. When principles are at stake, they simply look them up. Too many liberals, alas, make them up!” This particular debate (which is not, by any means, over) also helps to show some of the unique assumptions behind proposals found in Catholic interventions in the policy sector. In what follows, I will develop, briefly, four sections or subthemes to the paper: 1. Catholilc Social Thought: Five Background Assumptions for Policy: Human Dignity; The Common Good; Solidarity; Subsidiarity; Justice 2. The Move from Background Assumptions to Policy 3. Catholic Policy Proposals: Their Style and Instrumentalities 4. Catholicism and Welfare Policy
Diagnosis and treatment of persistent dysphonia after laryngeal surgery: A retrospective analysis of 62 patients

Sixty-two patients with persistent or recurrent dysphonia after laryngeal surgery underwent interdisciplinary voice evaluation, laryngostroboscopy, and objective measurements of vocal function. The causes of persistent dysphonia were attributed to vocal fold scarring (n = 22), residual mass lesion (n = 8), residual inflammation (n = 13), recurrent mass (n = 4), and hyperfunctional voice disorder (n = 7). Laryngoscopy often showed excessive ventricular compression and anterior-to-posterior laryngeal compression. Ventricular dysphonia was often a compensatory gesture in response to poorly mobile vocal fold membranes. Stroboscopy was able to document a number of abnormalities which included abnormalities of laryngeal configuration, vibratory asymmetry, reduction of amplitude, and mucosal wave. Using a diversified approach consisting of medical therapy, voice therapy, and repeat surgery, better vocal function was able to be restored in the majority of patients. An interdisciplinary approach to the dysphonic patient after laryngeal surgery was most useful in defining the pathology and refining a treatment rehabilitation program.
An Irradiated Electrolytic Iron Fortificant Is Poorly Absorbed by Humans and Is Less Responsive than FeSO4 to the Enhancing Effect of Ascorbic Acid

Despite extensive use, information on the bioavailability of elemental iron powders to humans, as influenced by dose and other dietary constituents, is limited. Three experiments were conducted to assess the absorption of electrolytic iron powder relative to FeSO4, as affected by iron dose and by ascorbic or phytic acid. Iron absorption by 56 volunteers was measured from a farina cereal breakfast radiolabeled with 59 FeSO4 or an electrolytic 55 Fe powder irradiated by neutron activation. Absorption was determined from whole-body counting ( 59 Fe) and blood isotope incorporation 2 wk later. Absorption of iron from the irradiated electrolytic powder was 5‐15% that of FeSO4. Ascorbic acid (;160 mg) enhanced iron absorption from FeSO4 by almost 4-fold but only doubled absorption from electrolytic iron (P for interaction , 0.01). Phytic acid from wheat bran inhibited iron absorption from FeSO4 and electrolytic iron by 73 and 50%, respectively (P for interaction, NS). Compared with 3 mg, a 20-mg dose reduced fractional absorption from FeSO4, but not electrolytic iron (P for interaction , 0.0001). Despite a much higher bioavailability (50% relative to FeSO4) of this same electrolytic iron when tested previously in a pig model, the bioavailability of the irradiated electrolytic iron was poor in humans. The diminished influence of ascorbic acid on the absorption of less soluble iron sources such as elemental iron powders may be an important consideration when choosing iron fortificants. J. Nutr. 136: 2167‐2174, 2006.
Equivalence: form and substance in business acquisitions

This is a chapter in a forthcoming Research Handbook on Mergers and Acquisitions. It asks to what extent should law and regulation treat business transactions — that differ in form, but are economically equivalent — in the same way? And what justifies the imposition of different costs across different transactional forms? The chapter considers equivalence by assessing the effect of different business acquisition forms on corporate stakeholders. It sets out factors that may be used to determine equivalence, as well as considering the extent to which different forms merit the same or different legal and regulatory treatment. There very well may be reasons to impose different requirements on different transactional forms — for example, based on differences in statutes, stakeholders, and judicial scrutiny, as well as the practical realities that make legal or regulatory equivalence difficult to achieve — but by starting with equivalence, we can begin to assess the relative merits of those differences. The chapter also begins to explore the limits of equivalence, suggesting that the computational skills needed to fully assess equivalence around business acquisitions have not yet caught up with the business lawyers’ ability to use different forms to achieve the same substantive results.
Brand Name Effect on Price Thresholds: Manipulating Consumer Price Knowledge

This paper assessed the effect of market price knowledge on consumer price thresholds (limits) and acceptable price range for a brand ed product. The price limits and the acceptable price range were influenced by the presence of market price knowledge. The lower and upper limits were greater, and the acceptable price range was narrower for price knowledgeable subjects than subjects possessing little or no price knowledge. These findings suggest that consumer price limits are somewhat “shaped" or “formed" by the prices to which they are exposed during their shopping experience.
Security Development Following the Anbar Awakening

The objective of this paper is to analyze the conditions necessary for an external actor to successfully help establish security between a government and an opposition group during or post- conflict. The paper focuses on determining what combination of mechanisms it takes for an external actor, particularly states or international government organizations, to help facilitate stability that lasts after the external actor leaves. For this end, the paper uses a game theoretic model to help develop a theory of self-enforcing stability, and provides preliminary quantitative and qualitative evidence in support of this theory based on a case study analysis of the US involvement in Iraq between 2006 and 2008.
Use of non invasive gas exchange to track pulmonary vascular responses to exercise in heart failure

Simple metrics to quantify severity of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are lacking, particularly with exercise. Studies have suggested that end tidal CO 2 (PetCO 2 ) and ventilatory efficiency (V E /VCO 2 ) may be good indicators of the pulmonary vascular (PV) response to exercise in patients with PH. In addition, measures of PV capacitance (stroke volume/pulmonary arterial pressure, Pv CAP ) are predictive of survival in the PH population and may potentially be estimated with gas exchange. PH is common in heart failure (HF) and appears to have both passive and reactive components. However, HF is associated with a number of gas exchange abnormalities that could limit the ability of using PetCO 2 or V E /VCO 2 to estimate the presence of PH. The focus of this study was, a) determine how well non-invasive gas exchange tracks the PV response to exercise and b) test a non-invasive estimate of Pv CAP . Forty-two patients with HF (age 54±9, LVEF 20±6, NYHA class 3±1) undergoing rt.-hrt catheterization as part of a pre-transplant evaluation were studied. PV pressures (Ppa/Ppw), cardiac output and PV resistance (PVR) were obtained with simultaneous measures of gas exchange. PetCO 2 and V E /VCO 2 obtained during moderate exercise (VO 2 9±2ml/kg/mn, 37±13W) were highly correlated (r -0.95) and thus data were analyzed in tertiles according to PetCO 2 (mean 23±3, 29±2, 36±4mmHg). PVR followed a decreasing trend from low to high PetCO 2 groups (365±256, 282±162, 188±91WU, p CAP from catheter measures was highly associated with a value estimated from O 2 pulse/(1/PetCO 2 ), (r=0.84). Non invasive gas exchange measures may represent a relatively simple way to track PV response to exercise in HF. NIH HL71478.
SIMULATED GPR INVESTIGATION OF DETERIORATION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS

The objective of this paper is to use advanced modeling capabilities to represent different cracking schemes around reinforcement steel and chloride-graded concrete to determine potential relationships between measured GPR signals and attenuation, and potential deterioration states of bridge decks. The American Society of Civil Engineers determined that, in 2009, more than 26% of bridges in the United States were structurally deficient or functionally obsolete, and that there is a significant cost associated with maintaining the current level of deficient bridges (roughly $13 billion a year, according to AASHTO). Non-destructive testing, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys, can help to determine the condition of bridges. These investigations have a significant advantage over traditional visual inspection in that the condition of the subsurface can be inferred before damage has progressed to the point of being visible at the surface. This information can be extremely valuable in the scheduling and allocation of resources for repair and rehabilitation. The examination of the data from GPR surveys reveals significant attenuation of the signal scattered from the rebar in areas of concrete contamination and rebar corrosion. However, it is unclear if this attenuation is due to geometric changes in the bridge deck, such as cracking and debonding around the corroding rebar, changes to the electromagnetic properties of the surrounding concrete, e.g. due to chloride infiltration, or a combination of the two. Using finite difference time domain modeling of electromagnetic wave scattering the contribution of these factors is considered to obtain signal attenuation matching results observed in the field. It was found that the attenuation of the signal due to severe cracking does not govern over the variation of moistures and chlorides (or permittivity and conductivity) throughout the bridge deck.
ENERGY DISPERSIVE SPECTROMETRY OF COMMON ROCK FORMING MINERALS: by Kenneth p. Severin; Kluwer Academic Publishers (2004), 225 p., spiral bound hardback; $169. ISBN 978-1-4020-2840-3.

This book is a useful addition to reference works kept in geological SEM and EPMA labs that routinely use EDS detectors for phase identification. It provides a welcome update to the SEM Petrology Atlas (Welton, AAPG, 1984), which documented both SEM images and EDS spectra of 60 minerals that are mainly those in sedimentary rocks. Welton’s spectra were acquired with Be window detectors of gold-coated specimens. Severin, like many of us who run SEM or electron probe labs, bounces around between various projects and can have a hard time recalling the details of spectra analyzed last month, much less last year. To help his memory, he decided to record “flashcards” of various mineral spectra, and this book is the result. For a manageable suite of minerals, he started with those found in Introduction to Rock-forming Minerals (Deer et al. 1996). Severin provides 182 spectra covering a wide range of 171 minerals—silicates, alumino-silicates, oxides, and hydrox­ides, carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, sulfides, and halides. Most spectra are acquired at 15 kV with a Be-window equipped SiLi detector; samples are carbon …
Screening for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Using Signals From Web Search Logs: Feasibility Study and Results

Introduction:People’s online activities can yield clues about their emerging health conditions. We performed an intensive study to explore the feasibility of using anonymized Web query logs to screen for the emergence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The methods used statistical analyses of large-scale anonymized search logs considering the symptom queries from millions of people, with the potential application of warning individual searchers about the value of seeking attention from health care professionals.Methods:We identified searchers in logs of online search activity who issued special queries that are suggestive of a recent diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We then went back many months before these landmark queries were made, to examine patterns of symptoms, which were expressed as searches about concerning symptoms. We built statistical classifiers that predicted the future appearance of the landmark queries based on patterns of signals seen in search logs.Results:We found that signals about ...
Fast Electromagnetic Analysis of Emissions From Printed Circuit Board Using Broadband Green's Function Method

In this paper, we apply the broadband Green's function with low wavenumber extraction (BBGFL) to fast modeling of the radiated emissions from printed circuit boards (PCBs). We study power bus structures for electromagnetic interference/compatibility (EMI/EMC). We use the BBGFL to compute the Green's function over broadband frequencies along the boundary walls of arbitrarily shaped power/ground planes. The broadband Green's function is calculated by using modal expansions and low wavenumber extraction. Because the modal expressions are independent of frequencies, they are computed once and used for all frequencies. The radiated fields are derived from the equivalent magnetic surface currents on boundary walls using Huygen's equivalent principle. Results are illustrated up to 10 GHz and for arbitrary shaped PCB up to 5 inches in size. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the present method are compared with the method of moments (MoM) and the commercial tool HFSS. The BBGFL results are in good agreement with MoM and HFSS. The BBGFL is several hundred times faster than MoM and HFSS for broadband simulations. The significant improvement in computational efficiency makes this technique useful for electronic design automation to EMI/EMC applications.
Mitochondrial NUDIX hydrolases: A metabolic link between NAD catabolism, GTP and mitochondrial dynamics

NAD+ catabolism and mitochondrial dynamics are important parts of normal mitochondrial function and are both reported to be disrupted in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and acute brain injury. While both processes have been extensively studied there has been little reported on how the mechanisms of these two processes are linked. This review focuses on how downstream NAD+ catabolism via NUDIX hydrolases affects mitochondrial dynamics under pathologic conditions. Additionally, several potential targets in mitochondrial dysfunction and fragmentation are discussed, including the roles of mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(mtPARP1), AMPK, AMP, and intra-mitochondrial GTP metabolism. Mitochondrial and cytosolic NUDIX hydrolases (NUDT9α and NUDT9β) can affect mitochondrial and cellular AMP levels by hydrolyzing ADP- ribose (ADPr) and subsequently altering the levels of GTP and ATP. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is activated after DNA damage, which depletes NAD+ pools and results in the PARylation of nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. In the mitochondria, ADP-ribosyl hydrolase-3 (ARH3) hydrolyzes PAR to ADPr, while NUDT9α metabolizes ADPr to AMP. Elevated AMP levels have been reported to reduce mitochondrial ATP production by inhibiting the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), allosterically activating AMPK by altering the cellular AMP: ATP ratio, and by depleting mitochondrial GTP pools by being phosphorylated by adenylate kinase 3 (AK3), which uses GTP as a phosphate donor. Recently, activated AMPK was reported to phosphorylate mitochondria fission factor (MFF), which increases Drp1 localization to the mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial fission. Moreover, the increased AK3 activity could deplete mitochondrial GTP pools and possibly inhibit normal activity of GTP-dependent fusion enzymes, thus altering mitochondrial dynamics.
Distinct and Overlapping Correlates of Psychological and Physical Partner Violence Perpetration.

Despite its high prevalence, adverse impact, and potential significance in understanding the onset of physical partner violence (PV), there has been surprisingly scant research on psychological PV ...
Chromosome-scale mega-haplotypes enable digital karyotyping of cancer aneuploidy

Genomic instability is a frequently occurring feature of cancer that involves large-scale structural alterations. These somatic changes in chromosome structure include duplication of entire chromosome arms and aneuploidy where chromosomes are duplicated beyond normal diploid content. However, the accurate determination of aneuploidy events in cancer genomes is a challenge. Recent advances in sequencing technology allow the characterization of haplotypes that extend megabases along the human genome using high molecular weight (HMW) DNA. For this study, we employed a library preparation method in which sequence reads have barcodes linked to single HMW DNA molecules. Barcode-linked reads are used to generate extended haplotypes on the order of megabases. We developed a method that leverages haplotypes to identify chromosomal segmental alterations in cancer and uses this information to join haplotypes together, thus extending the range of phased variants. With this approach, we identified mega-haplotypes that encompass entire chromosome arms. We characterized the chromosomal arm changes and aneuploidy events in a manner that offers similar information as a traditional karyotype but with the benefit of DNA sequence resolution. We applied this approach to characterize aneuploidy and chromosomal alterations from a series of primary colorectal cancers.
Simulators in Endovascular Treatment

Training in Vascular and Endovascular Surgery faces enormous challenges as a consequence of rapidly evolving technology and changes in postgraduate medical education (e.g., restriction of working hours thereby effectively reducing operative time). Traditionally, Vascular Surgery training has distinguished itself by being a low-volume/high-complexity specialty, systematically focused on case load to determine its adequacy. As new training paradigms are being developed and assessed for vascular residents, simulator-based training will become crucial to the trainee’s proficiency.
Directional semivariogram analysis to identify and rank controls on the spatial variability of fracture networks

Abstract In this study, the directional semivariogram is deployed to investigate the spatial variability of map-scale fracture network attributes in the Paradox Basin, Utah. The relative variability ratio (R) is introduced as the ratio of integrated anisotropic semivariogram models, and R is shown to be an effective metric for quantifying the magnitude of spatial variability for any two azimuthal directions. R is applied to a GIS-based data set comprising roughly 1200 fractures, in an area which is bounded by a map-scale anticline and a km-scale normal fault. This analysis reveals that proximity to the fault strongly influences the magnitude of spatial variability for both fracture intensity and intersection density within 1–2 km. Additionally, there is significant anisotropy in the spatial variability, which is correlated with trends of the anticline and fault. The direction of minimum spatial correlation is normal to the fault at proximal distances, and gradually rotates and becomes subparallel to the fold axis over the same 1–2 km distance away from the fault. We interpret these changes to reflect varying scales of influence of the fault and the fold on fracture network development: the fault locally influences the magnitude and variability of fracture network attributes, whereas the fold sets the background level and structure of directional variability.
Toward Robotic Manipulation

This article surveys manipulation, including both biological and robotic manipulation. Biology inspires robotics and demonstrates aspects of manipulation that are far in the future of robotics. Rob...
Augmenting Vaccine Immunogenicity through the Use of Natural Human Anti-rhamnose Antibodies

Utilizing natural antibodies to augment vaccine immunogenicity is a promising approach toward cancer immunotherapy. Anti-rhamnose (anti-Rha) antibodies are some of the most common natural anti-carbohydrate antibodies present in human serum. Therefore, rhamnose can be utilized as a targeting moiety for a rhamnose-containing vaccine to prepare an effective vaccine formulation. It was shown previously that anti-Rha antibody generated in mice binds effectively with Rha-conjugated vaccine and is picked up by antigen presenting cells (APCs) through stimulatory Fc receptors. This leads to the effective uptake and processing of antigen and eventually presentation by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. In this article, we show that natural human anti-Rha antibodies can also be used in a similar mechanism and immunogenicity can be enhanced by targeting Rha-conjugated antigens. In doing so, we have purified human anti-Rha antibodies from human serum using a rhamnose affinity column. In vitro, human anti-Rha antibodies are shown to enhance the uptake of a model antigen, Rha-ovalbumin (Rha-Ova), by APCs. In vivo, they improved the priming of CD4+ T cells to Rha-Ova in comparison to non-anti-Rha human antibodies. Additionally, increased priming of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells toward the cancer antigen MUC1-Tn was observed in mice that received human anti-Rha antibodies prior to vaccination with a rhamnose-modified MUC1-Tn cancer vaccine. The vaccine conjugate contained Pam3CysSK4, a Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist linked via copper-free cycloaddition chemistry to a 20-amino-acid glycopeptide derived from the tumor marker MUC-1 containing the tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen α- N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc). The primed CD8+ T cells released IFN-γ and killed tumor cells. Therefore, we have confirmed that human anti-Rha antibodies can be effectively utilized as a targeting moiety for making an effective vaccine.
Chapter 53 – Genitourinary System

The genitourinary system may be exposed to a variety of possible injuries from the time the fetus develops. Individuals may suffer from congenital disorders, cancer, trauma, infection, inflammation, iatrogenic injuries, or other conditions that may lead to genitourinary organ damage or loss and necessitate eventual reconstruction. Whenever there is a lack of native urologic tissue, reconstruction may be performed with native non-urologic tissues (skin, gastrointestinal segments, or mucosa from multiple body sites), homologous tissues (cadaver fascia, cadaver or donor kidney), heterologous tissues (bovine collagen), or artificial materials (silicone, polyurethane, Teflon). The tissues used for reconstruction may lead to complications because of their inherently different functional parameters. In most cases, the replacement of lost or deficient tissues with functionally equivalent tissues would improve the outcome for these patients. This goal may be attainable with the use of tissue-engineering techniques.
Containment and neutron production by charged pions in antiproton microfission experiments

Containment and interaction of charged pions in a solid linear implosion system are simulated. Pions are generated from annihilation of antiprotons at the surface of a compressed target. A three-dimensional Monte Carlo code has been developed to simulate the interaction of charged pions with the system. Neutron yields are presented for several 27-g uranium targets compressed under different initial plasma conditions. Effects on neutron yields from the diffused magnetic field and density profiles at peak compression are discussed. Results show that the magnetic field at peak compression significantly increases overall neutron yields.
A Journey Towards Healing Through Art

This qualitative study sought to answer: How may I, as an artist, use art for my own transformation and healing? I am an artist and teacher living with chronic pain and fatigue and wanted to find healing through art and inspire others to do the same. During the three month study, I made artwork, reflected in my journal, and practiced guided imagery. The journal was used to reflect on my health, the creative process, and to record ideas generated through guided imagery. Findings showed that short term relief was provided during the act of creation, but no long-term relief was achieved. The primary conclusion was that I was able to use art for healing and transformation, but only after experimentation and reflection. By adapting the creative process to accommodate for my illness, I was able to include art making as part of a healthy life. Index Words: Art therapy, Chronic pain, Fatigue, Fibromyalgia, Guided imagery, Meditation A JOURNEY TOWARDS HEALING THROUGH ART
Methylase Mechanisms: Steric Constraints and Modes of Catalysis

Over the past several years, our laboratory has been studying the mechanism and regulation of biological alkyl transfer reactions. Our approach has been to combine chemical and biological techniques in order to answer questions concerning the means by which these enzyme-mediated processes are catalyzed and controlled in living cells. Reviews of the chemical (1) and biological aspects (2) have been published, and the present paper will deal only with more recent results of our chemical mechanism studies. Ultimately, we would like to use this information in the design of potent, specific multisubstrate adduct (“transition state analog”) inhibitors (3) of these reactions.
Prospectively accelerated first-pass myocardial perfusion imaging in patients using motion-compensated compressed sensing exploiting regional low-rank sparsity

Background First-pass perfusion CMR utilizes accelerated imaging to achieve high spatial resolution and coverage within a small acquisition window. Several compressed sensing (CS) methods have been proposed to accelerate perfusion imaging. However, patient motion due to imperfect breathholding and other factors leads to degraded quality of CS-reconstructed images. We recently demonstrated a CS method (Block LOw-rank Sparsity with Motion guidance, BLOSM) that exploits regional lowrank sparsity and compensates for the effects of motion, and the dvantages of BLOSM were demonstrated using retrospectively-undersampled first-pass data. In the present study, prospectively-accelerated first-pass data were collected from patients undergoing clinically ordered CMR studies, and we compared image quality for images reconstructed using BLOSM and the k-t SLR method, a reference CS method that exploits global low-rank sparsity.
Chapter 38 – Career Paths in Clinical Research

The clinical research enterprise has many required infrastructure elements, one of which is having well-trained individuals to conduct clinical research. Individuals who engage in clinical research can have primary careers in medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, epidemiology, bioinformatics, bioethics, and others. Despite the appreciation of the multiprofessional nature of the clinical research enterprise, questions remain. Who will conduct clinical research in the future? How will these individuals be trained? What resources are required to maintain the pipeline for individuals interested in clinical research careers? This chapter's primary focus will be on clinical research careers for physician–scientists in clinical research and will review what has been done, and will hopefully be done, to address the shortage of physicians as clinical researchers and importantly will provide some insights into how to continually invigorate and sustain the pipeline of future clinician–scientists. This chapter will provide details of the successful efforts of the National Institutes of Health and other entities to answer these questions, and it also will review some of what has been done nationally and internationally to help develop those careers.
Promoting Deeper Learning in High School: Evidence of Opportunities and Outcomes:

Policymakers and practitioners are increasingly interested in students’ deeper learning skills, or the interpersonal and intrapersonal skills students need to succeed in school, careers, and civic ...
A Phase II Study of Capecitabine/Oxaliplatin With Concurrent Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anal Canal.

Abstract: Introduction Squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal (SCCA) presents rising incidence in the US. Standard of care for locally advanced disease is comprised of infusional 5FU plus mitomycin C or cisplatin concurrent with radiation therapy (RT). We designed this trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a more convenient regimen composed of capecitabine and oxaliplatin. Methods Single-arm, phase II trial, with treatment-naive stage II-IIIB (T X,1-4 N x M 0 ) SCCA patients. The regimen was composed of capecitabine (825 mg/m 2 BID, 5d) and oxaliplatin (50 mg/m 2 weekly) during weeks 1-6, concurrent with RT (XELOX-XRT) (Group 1). After the first 11 patients, the study was amended to omit chemotherapy during the 3 rd and 6 th weeks (Group 2). The primary objective was 3-year time-to-treatment-failure (TTF) and safety. Secondary objectives were complete response (CR) rate, locoregional control (LRC), colostomy-free survival (CFS), and overall survival (OS). Results Twenty patients were enrolled. Seven patients of group 1 (63%) developed grade 3 toxicity, which reduced to 22% in group 2. No grade 4 toxicities were noted. The median RT dose was 55 Gy. CR occurred in 100% of the 19 patients evaluable for response at 12-14 weeks. After median follow-up of 47.6 months, two patients had local recurrence and one had distant. 3-year TTF was 90.0%, with similar rates between group 1 and 2, respectively (90.9% versus 88.8%, p: 0.984). 3-year CFS was 90.0%. The median OS has not been reached. Conclusions The XELOX-XRT regimen is safe, with promising efficacy, and should be explored in larger trials in for the treatment of locally advanced SCCA.
A Data Collection and Visualization System for SmartBuildings

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a very important part of the Internet of Things (IoT) [1]. It is composed of several thousands of sensor nodes which are capable of sensing, actuating and relaying the collected information [2-4].