cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model study of the coupled biological and physical dynamics in Lake Michigan

A coupled physical and biological model was developed for Lake Michigan. The physical model was the Princeton ocean model (POM) driven directly by observed winds and net surface heat flux. The biological model was an eight-component, phosphorus-limited, lower trophic level food web model, which included phosphate and silicate for nutrients, diatoms and non-diatoms for dominant phytoplankton species, copepods and protozoa for dominant zooplankton species, bacteria and detritus. Driven by observed meteorological forcings, a 1-D modeling experiment showed a controlling of physical processes on the seasonal variation of biological variables in Lake Michigan: diatoms grew significantly in the subsurface region in early summer as stratification developed and then decayed rapidly in the surface mixed layer when silicate supplied from the deep stratified region was reduced as a result of the formation of the thermocline. The non-diatoms subsequently grew in mid and late summer under a limited-phosphate environment and then declined in the fall and winter as a result of the nutrient consumption in the upper eutrophic layer, limitation of nutrients supplied from the deep region and meteorological cooling and wind mixing. The flux estimates suggested that the microbial loop had a significant contribution in the growth of microzooplankton and hence, to the lower-trophic level food web system. The model results agreed with observations, suggesting that the
A Distal Enhancer Controls Cytokine-dependent Human cPLA2α Gene Expression

Specific control of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2α or PLA2G4A) expression modulates arachidonic acid production, thus tightly regulating the downstream effects of pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. The significance of this pathway in human disease is apparent in a range of pathologies from inflammation to tumorigenesis. While much of the regulation of cPLA2α has focused on posttranslational phosphorylation of the protein, studies on transcriptional regulation of this gene have focused only on proximal promoter regions. We have identified a DNase I hypersensitive site encompassing a 5′ distal enhancer element containing a highly conserved consensus AP-1 site involved in transcriptional activation of cPLA2α by interleukin (IL)-1β. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), knockdown, knockout, and overexpression analyses have shown that c-Jun acts both in a negative and positive regulatory role. Transcriptional activation of cPLA2α occurs through the phosphorylation of c-Jun in conjunction with increased association of C/EBPβ with the distal novel enhancer. The association of C/EBPβ with the transcriptional activation complex does not require an obvious DNA binding site. These data provide new and important contributions to the understanding of cPLA2α regulation at the transcriptional level, with implications for eicosanoid metabolism, cellular signaling, and disease pathogenesis.
ISECTOLOPHUS (MAMMALIA, PERISSODACTYLA) FROM THE EOCENE OF THE ZAYSAN BASIN, KAZAKSTAN AND ITS BIOCHRONOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract We describe a skull and fragments of lower jaws of a ceratomorph perissodactyl from the Arshantan (Eocene) strata of the Zaysan Basin, eastern Kazakstan, and refer these specimens to Isectolophus latidens (Osborn, Scott, and Speir, 1878). The material from the Zaysan Basin is indistinguishable from the holotypes of Isectolophus bogdulensis Reshetov from Mongolia and Homogalax reliquius Qi from China. These two species are junior subjective synonyms of I. latidens. The presence of I. latidens, known also from Bridgerian strata of North America, in Asian deposits of Arshantan age provides further support for a correlation between the Arshantan and the Bridgerian land-mammal “ages.”
Pathologic Quiz Case: A Retroperitoneal Mass in a 44-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Myocardial Infarctions

44-year-old black woman suffered myocardial infarctions 1 and 2 years prior to her most recent admission. A computed tomographic scan of the abdomen (Figure 1) performed during evaluation of her sustained hypertension revealed a 3.6 3 2.7-cm mass immediately inferior to the duodenum at the aortic bifurcation. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scan (Figure 2) demonstrated abnormal activity just to the right of the low thoracic or upper lumbar spine region. The patient had the following laboratory findings: serum dopamine, 101 pg/mL (reference range, 100‐440 pg/mL); epinephrine, 4 pg/mL (0‐15 pg/mL); norepinephrine, 96 pg/mL (11‐86 pg/mL); total catecholamines, 201 pg/mL (,540 pg/mL); and urine metanephrine, 0.40 mg/24 h (0.0‐1.30 mg/24 h). Her past medical history was significant for asthma and migraines. The maximal blood pressure reading observed during the course of surgery was 180/110 mm Hg. Grossly, the tumor was well circumscribed, weighed 23.2 g, and measured 4.5 3 4.0 3 3.1 cm. It had the consistency of a rubbery mass and was brownish-tan, well vascularized, and encapsulated. Microscopically, the tumor was characterized by proliferation of a rather homogenous population of round to oval cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm containing a round, slightly vesicular nucleus with a single nucleolus. The lesion exhibited a predominantly trabecular architectural pattern consisting of anastomosing cords and bands of tumor cells (Figure 3, original magnification 320). On the evening of the first postoperative day, the patient experienced midsternal chest pain that radiated down her right arm. Pain was controlled with sublingual nitroglycerin. Cardiac enzymes were markedly elevated above their normal ranges. Electrocardiography showed ST elevation consistent with inferior injury or acute infarct. The patient was successfully treated by a cardiology team and was referred to her primary cardiologist for subsequent follow-up after her discharge. What is your diagnosis?
Prospects for thermoelectricity in quantum dot hybrid arrays.

The electronic, chemical and mechanical properties of quantum dot structures may lead to thermoelectric devices with a range of advantages with respect to existing ones based on bulk polycrystalline materials.
A Glimmer of Insight

In this Article, the author discusses one of her “best” classes, which evolved as legal writing students considered and decided a real case, using a brief submitted to one of the Pennsylvania appellate courts. Through panel deliberations as “judges,” the students quickly realized the advantage of a well-written brief and the detriment of a poorly written brief to attorneys and clients. Students also gained an understanding of the difference in tone and authority attributed to majority and dissenting opinions in cases as each panel voted on the outcome of the case. By experiencing the power of effective written and oral advocacy, students learned more about advocacy, perspective, tone, and professionalism than a lecture or reading could ever convey.
PETROGENETIC LINKS AMONG GRANITES AND PEGMATITES IN THE HARNEY PEAK RARE-ELEMENT GRANITE-PEGMATITE SYSTEM. BLACK HILLS, SOUTH DAKOTA

AssrRAcr Linkages between the fertile granite and associated pegmatites, linkages among pegmatites, and processes instrumental in defining their textural, chemical, and mineralogical uniqueness are obscured by their coarse grain-size and the transitional nature between magmatic and hydrothermal regimes. Our studies of the Harney Peak granite-pegmatite system in the Black Hills, South Dakota, indicate that these systems are a cuhnination of distinctive processes of partial melting and fractional crystallization. Both the Harney Peak Granite and the associated pegmatite field are mineralogically and chemically zoned. Superimposed on the general zoning in the pegmatite field are swanns of pegmatites that appear to define distinct compositional-textural arrays. These may be related to distinct fractional crystallization trajectories. The Harney Peak Granite and numerous pegmatites define a single trajectory of fractional crystallization, whereas Li-, Rb-, Cs-enriched zoned pegmatites and F-, Sn-, Be-enriched pegmatites represent trajectories of fractional crystallization involving chemically distinct magma-types. A fractionation trajectory (from biotite ganites to tourmaline granites) does not represent an evolutionary path of a single magma, but most likely represents paths of fractional crystallization of similar batches of magmas. Within each trajectory of fractional crystallization are coherent sequences of textural and mineralogical characteristics. The extreme rare-element enrichments observed in pegmatites can in part be modeled by moderate to high degrees of fractional crystallization (up to 70-90q0) of a suite of volatile-rich magmas. In addition to fractional crystallization, partial melting appears to be important in controlling the potential content and composition of the volatile component, and the incompatible element character of tle distinct magma-types. Varying dqrees of detrydrarion melting of compositionally diverse metasediments appear to be the most likely model for the production of these compositional diverse parental granitic magmas.
Effective population size, genetic diversity, and coalescence time in subdivided populations

A formula for the effective population size for the finite island model of subdivided populations is derived. The formula indicates that the effective size can be substantially greater than the actual number of individuals in the entire population when the migration rate among subpopulations is small. It is shown that the mean nucleotide diversity, coalescence time, and heterozygosity for genes sampled from the entire population can be predicted fairly well from the theory for randomly mating populations if the effective population size for the finite island model is used.
Three-Dimensional Modeling and Visualization Information Management of Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Sites

Based on several kinds of geotechnical engineering information obtained from multiple sources and different structures, such as drilling hole detection, standard penetration test, topographic surveying etc.,a series of specific methods for data preprocessing,integral modeling, 3D visualization and information management of the engineering sites w ere intensively inverstigated. Based on these methods,a softw are w as developed,by w hich the stereo space of a geotechnical engineering site,including spatial objects such as topography,buildings,boreholes, stratum,groundw ater etc.,can be integrally modeled and visualized w ith three-dimensional models. These 3D models can facilitate functions such as attribute query,information updating and section analysis. The 3D integral modeling softw are w as proposed as a new pattern of geotechnical engineering report beyond traditional 2D report. The softw are has been applied to several geotechnical projects, w hose results demonstrate that the stereo space model of a geotechnical engineering site can be automatically and conveniently reconstructed. The 3D integral modeling and visualization methodology presented contribute a lot to 3D information technology development of geotechnical engineering.
Distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in a pediatric intensive care unit

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in a pediatric intensive care unit(PICU),and provide reference for preventing and controlling healthcare-associated infection and rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Isolation rate and distribution of pathogenic bacteria isolated from PICU patients from June 2010 to May 2011were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 245 pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated,73.88%,22.86% and 3.26% were gram-negative bacteria,gram-positive bacteria and fungi,respectively.The isolation rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Acinetobacter baumannii,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus was 18.78%,14.29%,11.43%,8.16%,5.31% and 4.90%,respectively.The percentage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli was 11.63% and 8.85%,respectively;detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 16.67%.Most gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to carbapenems and cefoperazone / sulbactam,and relatively resistant to other antimicrobial agents.Acinetobacter baumannii was highly resistant to carbapenems(75.00%).Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to ceftriaxone,cefazolin and cefepime(0.00%-7.69%);no bacterial strain was found to be resistant to vancomycin.Conclusion Gram-negative bacteria is the main pathogenic bacteria in PICU patients,most isolates are highly drug-resistant.Analysis of pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistance surveillance are of vital importance to guide treatments for critically ill children and reduce drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Changes in satellite cell mitotic activity during acute period of unilateral diaphragm denervation

The acute period of unilateral diaphragm denervation (DNV) is associated with increases in cell mitotic activity, protein synthesis, and muscle fiber hypertrophy. Our purpose was to determine whether acute unilateral diaphragm DNV is associated with changes in muscle isometric contractile properties, cross-sectional area of different muscle fiber types, mitotic activity of muscle fiber satellite cells, and muscle fiber ultrastructural properties indicative of injury. Adult male Fischer 344 rats underwent a right phrenicotomy, and DNV and intact (INT) hemidiaphragms were studied 72 h later. DNV hemidiaphragm displayed a significant decline in maximal isometric force (8.7 vs. 24.3 N/cm2) and a prolonged time to peak twitch force (47.8 vs. 37.5 ms) and time to half relaxation (72.3 vs. 44.3 ms) compared with INT contralateral hemidiaphragm (P < 0.05). DNV resulted in a significant increase in cross-sectional area of types I (33%), IIa (35%), and IIb (28%) fibers relative to INT hemidiaphragm (P < 0.05). Satellite cell mitotic activity (assessed by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine) was approximately 5.5 times greater in DNV than in INT muscle (DNV 25.0 +/- 3.8, INT 4.5 +/- 1.4 labeled satellite cell nuclei/1,000 nuclei; P < 0.05). Ultrastructural examination of electron micrographs revealed alterations in Z-line and sarcomeric structure indicative of muscle injury. Cellular infiltration and segmental necrosis were also noted in some fibers. We conclude that acute unilateral diaphragm DNV results in muscle fiber injury that induces satellite cell activation. We also speculate that the specific force decrement associated with DNV is at least partially the result of muscle injury.
Stress Redistribution after Blast Densification

AbstractResults of a numerical finite-element (FE) simulation are presented to evaluate stress changes that affect the results of cone penetration tests (CPT) made at a test section after blast densification. The two-dimensional (2D) FE simulation was not used to predict liquefaction, as the pore-pressure distribution immediately after each blast and the extent of liquefaction, determined from field observations of ground-surface settlements and pore-pressure measurements, were an input rather than a result. A fully coupled FE formulation was employed to compute time-dependent deformations and stress changes that result from dissipation and seepage of input excess pore pressures. Computed results indicate stress levels within the targeted loose sand decrease near the edge of the blast zone as a result of stress redistributions that take place during reconsolidation, and likely contribute to decreased penetration resistance observed near the perimeter of the zone. Outside the blast zone, computed stress le...
Biosensing with photonic crystal surfaces

Photonic crystals (PC) designed to produce narrow bandwidth resonant modes that extend into a surrounding fluid media have resulted in a variety of approaches for measuring the interaction of light with biological material. Label-free optical biosensing[1], PC-enhanced fluorescence (PCEF)[2], PC-enhanced surface-enhance Raman spectroscopy (PC-SERS)[3], and distributed feedback laser biosensor (DFBLB)[4, 5] technology have resulted from the ability to inexpensively produce large-area PC surfaces by methods that include nanoreplica molding in plastic and nanoimprint lithography on glass. This talk will summarize recent research in the Nano Sensors Group at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in which PC surfaces are used to address a variety of biosensing needs in pharmaceutical high throughput screening, disease diagnostic testing, gene expression analysis, chemical analysis, and point-of-care detection systems. Because PC surfaces can be produced upon inexpensive and flexible plastic substrates, they are inexpensively manufactured by roll-to-roll fabrication methods and incorporated into disposable microplates, cartridges, microscope slides, plastic tubing, and other labware.
P183 Burden of illness in school-aged patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in the united states

Background and objectives The CF disease burden among school-aged children is not well understood. We sought to describe this burden in patients with CF aged 6–17 years in the United States by comparing their healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) to that of demographically similar controls without CF. Methods This retrospective study used administrative claims from the Truven MarketScan Medicaid Multi-State (CAID) and Commercial (COMM) databases. Patients with CF aged 6–17 years were identified as having ≥1 inpatient (IP) or ≥2 outpatient (OP) medical claims ≥30 days apart with primary diagnosis of CF (ICD-9-CM: 277.0x) between 2010 and 2014. Other inclusion criteria were ≥12 months of continuous medical and pharmacy coverage and ≥1 CF-related healthcare encounter during the most recent year of data. Patients were matched 1:3 to non-CF controls by age, gender, race (CAID cohort), geographic region (COMM cohort), insurance plan type and enrollment (calendar year). IP admissions, OP visits and medication use from the most recent year of data (2010–2014) were compared between patients and controls, overall and by age group (6–11 and 12–17 years), using bivariate statistics; chi-square tests were used for categorical variables and t tests and ANOVA for continuous variables. Results The CAID cohort included 1264 patients with CF and the COMM cohort 2400; all were matched 1:3 to controls (mean [SD] age of patients and controls: CAID, 11.4 [3.5]; COMM, 11.9 [3.5]). Annual hospitalisation rates were 22-fold (CAID) to 32-fold (COMM) higher in the CF cohorts, with lengths of stay nearly twice that of matched controls ( Table ). Annual OP visit rates were 3.1-fold (CAID) and 3.5-fold (COMM) higher in the CF cohorts, and patients filled 5 times as many unique medications and 10 times as many total prescriptions per year as controls. While patients with CF aged 12–17 years generally had higher HCRU than those aged 6–11, trends and magnitude difference vs controls within each age group were similar. Conclusion HCRU was higher in patients with CF aged 6–17 years than in demographically similar children without CF, illustrating significant disease burden and a need for better treatment options for this population. Sponsored by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated Please refer to page A272 for declarations of interest in relation to abstract P183.
Memory Errors in Police Interviews: The Bait Question as a Source of Misinformation

Bait questions—where an investigator questions a suspect about the existence of hypothetical evidence—are a widely employed interviewing tactic. We examined whether these bait questions are a vehicle for misinformation to enter a criminal case, leading mock jurors to misremember the evidence. Adapting the misinformation effect paradigm, participants read a police report describing several pieces of evidence, then watched a police interview including bait questions that provided misleading information about the collected evidence. In Studies 1 and 2, participants’ memory for evidence they were misled about was significantly less accurate than control evidence. Indeed, participants came to believe the hypothetical evidence proposed in the bait questions actually existed. In Studies 3 and 4, participants read warnings—varying in their specificity—about the misleading bait questions. These warnings were ineffective at mitigating the misinformation effect. Bait questions may, therefore, be a source of error in juror's decision-making, leading to wrongful convictions.
Graph Structure Learning from Unlabeled Data for Early Outbreak Detection

Processes such as disease propagation and information diffusion often spread over some latent network structure that must be learned from observation. Given a set of unlabeled training examples representing occurrences of an event type of interest (such as a disease outbreak), the authors aim to learn a graph structure that can be used to accurately detect future events of that type. They propose a novel framework for learning graph structure from unlabeled data by comparing the most anomalous subsets detected with and without the graph constraints. Their framework uses the mean normalized log-likelihood ratio score to measure the quality of a graph structure, and it efficiently searches for the highest-scoring graph structure. Using simulated disease outbreaks injected into real-world Emergency Department data from Allegheny County, the authors show that their method learns a structure similar to the true underlying graph, but enables faster and more accurate detection.
Expression of Presynaptic Calcium Channels in Xenopus Oocytes

The release of neurotransmitter from nerve terminals is triggered by the influx of calcium ions through voltage-activated channels1–3. In excitable tissues there appear to be a number of different types of Ca channels, based on physiological parameters (single channel conductance, ion selectivity, voltage-dependent activation and inactivation properties) and sensitivity to pharmacological agents (especially dihydropyridines, w-conotoxin (wCgTx) and Cd ions). The type of Ca channel underlying synaptic transmission has not been established, although recent studies of mammalian neurons suggest that N-type channels are involved4, 22.
Tissue-directed Implantation Using Ultrasound Visualization for Development of Biologically Relevant Metastatic Tumor Xenografts.

Background Advances in cancer therapeutics depend on reliable in vivo model systems. To develop biologically relevant xenografts, ultrasound was utilized for tissue-directed implantation of neuroblastoma (NB) cell line and patient-derived tumors in the adrenal gland, and for renal subcapsular engraftment of Ewing's sarcoma (ES). Materials and methods NB xenografts were established by direct adrenal injection of luciferase-transfected NB cell lines (IMR32, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-BE2) or NB patient-derived tumor cells (UMNBL001, UMNBL002). ES xenografts were established by renal subcapsular injection of TC32, A673, CHLA-25, or A4573 cells. Progression was monitored by in vivo imaging. Results Tumors progressed to local disease with metastasis evident by 5 weeks. Metastatic sites included cortical bone, lung, liver, and lymph nodes. Xenografted tumors retained immunochemical features of the original cancer. Conclusion Human NB adrenal xenografts, including two patient-derived orthotopic, and ES renal subcapsular xenografts were established by ultrasound without open surgery. Tissue-directed implantation is an effective technique for developing metastatic preclinical models.
The Reawakening of the Arab World: Challenges and Change in the Aftermath of the Arab Spring

Samir Amin is best known for his 1989 book, Eurocentrism, a seminal entry in critical theory on the Middle East which remains essential reading for anyone seeking to understand the political and ec...
Enhancing Statistics Education with Expert Systems: More than an Advisory System

This article reports on the results of two studies that investigated the effectiveness of different uses of expert systems in large introductory statistics classes. Three groups of students were co...
Pelvic splenosis presented as pelvis mass and gross hematuria

Pevlic splenosis is a very rare condition, particularly when the condition is diagnosed during a hematuria workup. Hematuria can be caused by genitourinary system infection, urolithiasis, neoplasm, or trauma. Hematuria can be seen in patients with symptoms or without symptoms. The standard work-up for hematuria includes a computed tomography (CT) scan which can sometimes have incident findings that can make diagnosis difficult. We report a rare case of a 44-year-old patient with painless gross hematuria and the CT scan revealed a pelvic mass that was eventually confirmed to be a pelvic splenosis by a nuclear liver–spleen sulfur colloid scan.
Group Therapies for Homosexuals Seeking Change

The purpose of this article is to review the literature on group therapies for homosexuals who report distress concerning their experience of same-sex attraction. There are a number of methodologic...
A New Species of Ocotea (Lauraceae) from the Eastern Lowlands of Ecuador

A new species of Ocotea Aubl. from the Amazonian lowlands in Ecuador is described and illustrated. The conspicuous domatia separate the new species from its congeners.
Constraints in Coordinating Limb Movements

When coordinating movements of the limbs or fingers, constraints emerge that impose limits on our ability to perform different actions concurrently. For example, it is a common observation that one action pattern tries to impose its spatiotemporal characteristics on the other, or that both actions mutually affect each other. This has been denoted as structural or specific interference within information processing accounts. It has been argued to result from a fundamental limitation in the division of attention. Rather than a limitation, action theoretical accounts regard this phenomenon, called entrainment, as evidence for an economical control model in which an optimal solution to the degrees of freedom problem is explored. Entrainment is considered an important feature of coordinative structures. In acquiring new skills, humans often attempt to overcome the constraints imposed by entrainment. We discuss experimental evidence showing that practice enables subjects to inhibit or repress the resulting superfluous muscle activity. Moreover, in coordinating differing movements, the human control system manages to delay the initiation of one activity with reference to the other (possibly through inhibitory processes), thereby preventing the occurrence of interference. This delay mechanism allows functionally-related effector systems to perform concurrent actions largely independently. The generality of this mechanism needs to be further explored.
Burden of Restricted Activity and Associated Symptoms and Problems in Late Life and at the End of Life.

Objectives To compare rates of restricted activity and associated symptoms and problems in the last 6 months of life with those in the period before the last 6 months of life. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Greater New Haven, Connecticut. Participants Community‐living persons aged 70 and older (N=754). Measurements The occurrence of restricted activity (staying in bed for at least half the day or cutting down on usual activities) and 24 prespecified symptoms and problems leading to restricted activity was ascertained monthly for nearly 19 years. Results Rates of restricted activity per 100 person‐months were 36.5 in the last 6 months of life versus 16.1 in the period before the last 6 months of life (P<.001). Of 737 participants with 1 month or more of restricted activity, rates of restricting symptoms per 100 person‐months of restricted activity ranged from 8.0 for frequent or painful urination to 65.6 for been fatigued, and rates of restricting problems ranged from 0.1 for problem with alcohol to 23.4 for been afraid of falling. Rates were significantly higher in the last 6 months of life than in the prior period for 13 of the 24 restricting symptoms and problems (P<.05), most notably for shortness of breath (38.6 vs 21.8), weakness (37.3 vs 18.9), and confusion (31.2 vs 9.8). Mean (standard error) number of restricting symptoms and problems was significantly higher in the last 6 months of life (6.1 (0.1)) than in the prior period (4.7 (0.03)) (P<.001). Conclusion Rates of restricted activity and associated symptoms and problems are substantially greater in the last 6 months of life than in the period before the last 6 months of life. Enhanced palliative care strategies may be needed to diminish the burden of distressing symptoms and problems at the end of life. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2282–2288, 2018.
Forced response of laminar non-premixed jet flames

Abstract This paper reviews current understanding of the manner in which non-premixed jet flames respond to flow disturbances, and compares these characteristics to premixed flames. Disturbances in flow velocity excite wrinkles on non-premixed flame sheets and perturbations in heat release. These disturbances convect axially along the flame at the local flow velocity and decay in amplitude. Sufficiently large disturbance amplitudes cause opposing sides of the flame to merge and pinch off, leading to multiply connected flame sheets. The space-time characteristics of flame wrinkles on premixed and non-premixed flame sheets are quite similar, as they are dominated by flow disturbances moving the flame around, convection of the wrinkles downstream, and dissipation of wrinkles. In contrast, the heat release dynamics are quite different, as heat release oscillations in premixed flames are nearly uniformly distributed along the flame, whereas in non-premixed flames they are concentrated near the burner outlet where mixture fraction gradients are highest. In addition, flame area fluctuations are the dominant mechanism leading to heat release oscillations in constant burning velocity premixed flames, while mass burning rate oscillations dominate non-premixed flames. The flame transfer function, i.e., the normalized ratio of heat release and flow oscillations, is of O(1) at low frequencies and transitions to a 1/St behavior at high frequencies, for both premixed and non-premixed flames, where St denotes the flame Strouhal number, physically representing the ratio of the convective and the forcing time-scale. While the mechanisms dominating heat release oscillations are quite different for premixed and non-premixed flames, these comparable asymptotic tendencies are actually the result of the same effects; namely, that the heat release is proportional to the instantaneous mass flux of reactants in the quasi-steady, low Strouhal number case, and phase cancellation associated with convecting regions of oscillatory heat release leads to the 1/St behavior in the St ≫ 1 regime. Non-premixed flames have an additional 1 / S t transfer function character at an intermediate range of Strouhal numbers, due to the sharply varying axial dependence of mean heat release near the burner exit.
Tea and turbulence: Communication privacy management theory and online celebrity gossip forums

Abstract The friction and interplay between information and privacy, personal boundaries, and control and ownership of information is central to communication privacy management theory (CPM). In this autoethnographic study of the online gossip forum Lipstick Alley, CPM provides a framework for investigating how gender and culture shape boundaries and information sharing. The three CPM boundary coordination rules, linkage, ownership, and permeability, were found to be present and influenced how gossip forum users share, managed, and discussed the information on the site. Findings suggest that gender and culture play a significant role in shaping the kind of information shared. Further, ideas about the ownership of information shaped rules about how information should be managed and the consequences for failing to do so.
Lakota experiences of (in)security: cosmology and ontological security

The security experiences and understandings of Native Americans can greatly impact the study of security in field of International Relations (IR). This article analyzes experiences of the Lakota Si...
Management of blunt force bladder injuries: A practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma

BACKGROUNDThe diagnostic evaluation and clinical management of bladder injuries caused by blunt force trauma are variable. We aim to formulate a practice management guideline using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.METHODSThe working group, pat
Topology Attack Detection in Natural Gas Delivery Networks

Whenever a system operator is led to believe that the system topology is different from the actual system topology, we call this a topology attack. These attacks can cause tremendous damage from the result of improper network control. A number of algorithms to detect these attacks for electrical networks have been suggested in the literature, but such algorithms are lacking for gas networks. In this paper, we design a new detection algorithm to detect topology attacks in gas networks based on modifying the generalized likelihood ratio test in a novel way. Simulation results indicate the detection algorithm will provide good performance given a sufficient amount of data. Results also demonstrate that the performance also depends on the actual topology.
Thermal decomposition of anionic organoaluminum compounds

The thermolysis of K[Al 2 (CH 3 ) 6 SCN] at 120° leads to the formation of [(CH 3 ) 2 AlNC(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 . Verification of the dimeric configuration of (isopropylidenamino)dimethylaluminum has been obtained from three-dimensional X-ray data measured by counter methods. [(CH 3 ) 2 AlNC(CH 3 ) 2 ] 2 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with cell dimensions a 7.027(4), b 7.760(4), c 8.583(4) A, α 115.70(5)°, β 105.72(5)°, γ 92.38(5)°, and ϱ calc 0.94 g/cm 3 for Z = 1. Leastsquares refinement gave a final conventional R value of 0.058 for 1230 independent reflections. Proposed structures of the parent 2/1 complex, as well as mechanisms for the formation of (isopropylidenamino)dimethylaluminum are discussed.
Rerouting Strategies for Highly Available Virtual Network Functions

Virtual Network Functions migrates network functions from dedicated hardware to groups of commodity servers called network points of presence (N-PoPs). Network services are then redefined as interconnected VNFs called Service Function Chains (SFCs). SFCs significantly reduces the cost of network services and improves scalability. However, the availability of SFCs brings new challenges. In this paper, we propose two rerouting strategies to improve the availability of SFCs. First, we propose a local rerouting strategy to bypass failed N-PoPs on SFCs using locally rerouted paths (LRPs). We formulate an optimization model to minimize maximum load on links while deploying SFCs and LRPs to reduce the risk of congested links caused by local rerouting. We then propose an approximation algorithm to solve the optimization problem, preserving an approximation ratio of O(log(|V |)), where |V | is the number of N-PoPs in the network. We also propose an alternative heuristic algorithm to improve efficiency. Second, we propose a supplementary rerouting strategy with an online algorithm to provide supplementary rerouted paths when original SFCs and LRPs fail simultaneously. The online algorithm has O(log(|V |)) competitive ratio to offline optimum. Our simulation results show that proposed algorithms can provide highly available SFCs with less congested link.
Preheating in radiative corrections to $\phi^4$ inflation with non-minimal coupling in Palatini formulation

We discuss the impact of the preheating stage in radiative corrections due to interaction of the inflaton to fermions to $\phi^4$ inflation with non-minimal coupling in Palatini formulation. In Palatini inflation with large non-minimal coupling the field is allow to return to the plateau region during the reheating stage, so the average equation of state per oscillations is closer to $-1$ than to $1/3$. The incursion in the plateau leads, however, to a highly efficient tachyonic instability able to reheat the Universe in less than one e-fold. By taking into account prescription II discussed in the literature, in the wide range of $\kappa-\xi$, we figure out spectral index $n_s$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ which are compatible with the data given by the Keck Array/BICEP2 and Planck collaborations.
Competing demands in postpartum care: a national survey of U.S. providers' priorities and practice.

A new movement towards improved postpartum care calls for restructuring how that care is provided. As professional guidelines evolve, understanding how providers prioritize and practice postpartum care can offer insights about elements of care that may be currently performed more routinely than providers deem a priority to do so, as well as those that may warrant more routine practice. We surveyed 600 randomly-sampled U.S. postpartum care providers about their priorities for and the frequency with which specific elements of care are provided, as well as the feasibility of remote delivery of postpartum care provision (i.e., telemedicine). The survey response rate was 43% across medical specialties. Providers reported an average of only 24.4 ± 11.7 min available to spend on the postpartum visit. Certain types of postpartum care were highly prioritized and routinely performed, such as depression screening. Yet, there were also noted discrepancies between prioritized and performed care, revealing competing demands on providers’ time. For example, pelvic exams were performed more often than similarly prioritized care, whereas screening for intimate partner violence and substance use were performed less often than similarly-prioritized care. Certain types of care were identified as important that are not explicitly addressed by national practice guidelines (e.g. transitioning to parenthood). Approximately 25% of respondents regarded telemedicine as a feasible remote care delivery alternative to much of the care currently provided in-person. The time providers have available to offer comprehensive postpartum care is constrained. Understanding how certain elements of care may be competing with one another at a single postpartum visit highlights those elements of care, which may be currently underperformed, as well as those elements of care that may warrant evaluation for future inclusion in standard care. For some providers experiencing time constraints, complementary remote care represents a potentially viable approach to implementing recommendations for transitioning the traditional visit to a more frequent, ongoing postpartum care process. In calling for a new approach to postpartum care delivery, professional organizations should consider the practices and priorities of their constituency as they revise guidelines and shape future research about the value of specific postpartum services.
Association of teledermatology workflows with standardising co-management of rashes by primary care physicians and dermatologists.

IntroductionFor patients with a rash, the effect of teledermatology workflow on utilization has not been defined. We compared utilization across four teledermatology workflows in patients with a ra...
Convolutional Neural Network Based Breast Cancer Histopathology Image Classification

Breast cancer is a global health concern, with approximately 30 million new cases projected to be reported by 2030. While efforts are being channeled into curative measures, preventive and diagnostic measures also need to be improved to curb the situation. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a class of deep learning algorithms that have been widely adopted for the computerized classification of breast cancer histopathology images. In this work, we propose a set of training techniques to improve the performance of CNN-based classifiers for breast cancer identification. We combined transfer learning techniques with data augmentation and whole image training to improve the performance of the CNN classifier. Instead of conventional image patch extraction for training and testing, we employed a high-resolution whole-image training and testing on a modified network that was pre-trained on the Imagenet dataset. Despite the computational complexity, our proposed classifier achieved significant improvement over the previously reported studies on the open-source BreakHis dataset, with an average image level accuracy of about 91% and patient scores as high as 95%.Clinical Relevance— this work improves on the performance of CNN for breast cancer histopathology image classification. An improved Breast cancer image classification can be used for the preliminary examination of tissue slides in breast cancer diagnosis.
Fundamentals of medical radionuclides

Abstract For years the alchemist sought the secret of transmutation without success. Today, this nuclear process—converting one element into another—is commonplace, but the knowledge of nuclear processes is of recent origin. It was not until 1896 that Becquerel observed the fogging of his photographic plates by a uranium salt. His observation aroused the curiosity of the Curies concerning the uranium ore, pitchblende, from which they isolated the elements polonium and radium. Research over the next few years, by the Curies, Becquerel, Schmidt, Debierne, and others, soon resulted in the discovery and isolation of still other new elements from uranium and thorium ores. These elements, too, were found to fog photographic plates. These discoveries led to modern day radiopharmaceuticals.
Trasplante renal en paciente con pared abdominal compleja: síndrome de abdomen en ciruela pasa

Introduction. We present a patient with chronic renal failure secondary to bilateral hydroureteronephrosis, with a history of prune belly syndrome, who underwent a kidney transplant. The objective of this case report is to expose a congenital anomaly, with a low worldwide incidence and to a lesser extent associated with kidney transplantation, with emphasis on the difficulty for the surgical technique due to the hypoplasia of the abdominal wall muscles. Methods. Review of clinical history, Informed Consent. Literature search. Clinical case. Absence of abdominal wall muscles and fibrosis of the external iliac veins and right common veins were identified intraoperatively. An approach was performed under the contralateral Gibson technique, with uncomplicated kidney transplantation. He presented adequate evolution in outpatient follow-up. Discussion. Prune belly syndrome is a low-incidence congenital anomaly, with few reports associated with kidney transplantation. The surgical challenge is given by the absence of abdominal wall muscles, which increases the risks due to possible complications, such as injury to the inferior epigastric vessels. For the closure of the abdominal wall in kidney transplantation, it is described in two planes, which in this case is performed on muscle fascia and skin. Despite being a challenge, the patient has adequate postoperative evolution.
Demystifying the Chinese Economy: Enterprise viability and factor endowments

Soon after its founding, the People's Republic of China implemented a CAD, catching-up strategy, prioritizing heavy industries. The purpose: to develop, as soon as possible, advanced capital-intensive and technology-intensive industries that would keep China competitive with the developed world. China tested an atomic bomb in the 1960s and launched a satellite in the 1970s. It is fair to say that the initial goal was largely realized – but at a huge cost. For a long time living standards in the country remained repressed. By the end of the 1970s a third of China's people were still struggling for food and clothing. Between the 1940s and 1960s, the CAD strategy was embraced not only by China and other socialist countries but also by some newly independent, non-socialist countries, such as Egypt, India, Indonesia, and some in Latin America. Like China, these economies also bit the dust. The first years after the strategy was implemented usually witnessed rapid growth driven by investment, but after a while growth would slow and crises would break out. It is a natural and legitimate aspiration for developing countries to catch up with the developed world, yet almost none of the countries that adopted the CAD strategy did this. Only a few realized that dream: Japan and the four Asian Tigers, together creating an “East Asian Miracle.” In per capita income, Japan exceeded the United States in 1987.
Model for Enhancing Requirements Traceability and Analysis

Software quality has been a challenge since the inception of computer software. Software requirements gathering, analysis, and specification; are viewed by many as the principle cause of many of the software complex problems. Requirements traceability is one of the most important and challenging tasks in ensuring clear and concise requirements. Requirements need to be specified and traced throughout the software life cycle in order to produce quality requirements. This paper describes a preliminary model to be used by software engineers to trace and verify requirements at the initial phase. This model is designed to be adaptable to requirement changes and to assess its impact.
A Relation Extraction Framework for Biomedical Text Using Hybrid Feature Set

The information extraction from unstructured text segments is a complex task. Although manual information extraction often produces the best results, it is harder to manage biomedical data extraction manually because of the exponential increase in data size. Thus, there is a need for automatic tools and techniques for information extraction in biomedical text mining. Relation extraction is a significant area under biomedical information extraction that has gained much importance in the last two decades. A lot of work has been done on biomedical relation extraction focusing on rule-based and machine learning techniques. In the last decade, the focus has changed to hybrid approaches showing better results. This research presents a hybrid feature set for classification of relations between biomedical entities. The main contribution of this research is done in the semantic feature set where verb phrases are ranked using Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) and a ranking algorithm. Support Vector Machine and Naive Bayes, the two effective machine learning techniques, are used to classify these relations. Our approach has been validated on the standard biomedical text corpus obtained from MEDLINE 2001. Conclusively, it can be articulated that our framework outperforms all state-of-the-art approaches used for relation extraction on the same corpus.
Excitonic interaction in GaAs Ga 1 − x Al x As quantum wells

The calculation of excitonic states in $\frac{\mathrm{GaAs}}{{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Al}}_{x}}\mathrm{As}$ quantum wells is applied to analyze the anticrossing energy levels of observed data of $2s$-electron-light-hole and $1s$-electron-heavy-hole excitons. It is shown that the difference of the energy levels is determined by the excitonic interaction originating in either the hybridization of the heavy hole and light hole or the dipoledipole interaction. Various sets of parameters in the literature are used to compare with the data.
NEUTRAL PARTICLE BEAM PRODUCTION AND INJECTION

Intense neutral beams are used to heat, fuel, adjust electric potentials, and diagnose fusion plasmas. They may be used to sustain currents in plasmas. We shall comment on some of the ways that atomic physics enters into the design, diagnosis, and application of neutral beam systems. It will be apparent that the treatment is selective and superficial, but we hope to mention most areas of interest, and indicate that there is a continuing need for new ideas and new techniques.