cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formación en oncología urológica laparoscópica. La experiencia del Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center

Objective We outline the structure of the clinical and training program of laparoscopic urologic oncology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. We discuss the steps and key elements necessary in acquiring lapa roscopic proficiency. Material and method The program lasts 2 years and trains fellows and faculty. For fellows, the program consists of a 6 months high volume laparoscopic oncology rotation, during which dry lab, animal lab, vide review and operating room experience are required. For faculty, the program consists of 1 accredited continuin medical education course, 20 hours of dry lab, 1 session animal lab, observation of laparoscopic cases, first assistant in a minimum of 15 laparoscopic cases, performing laparoscopic cases under mentoring. Results 8 fellows have completed the training, 4 of whom have completed their fellowship and are in academic centers, performing advanced laparoscopy. The laparoscopic approach represents on average 80% of their urologic practice. Three attendings are performing laparoscopic surgery with mentoring. Conclusion The goals of a surgical education program should be the standardization of the acquisition o surgical skills and assessment of the performance in a uniform setting to ensure the maintenance of the acquisition of skills and to develop programs to teach new skills.
The development of a geometric modeling/database management interface

Abstract In order to transfer data between two software systems used as part of an overall CAD/CAM system for the design and manufacture of custom orthopedic footwear, we developed an interface program to map the system's imputs and outputs. This paper discusses the NASCAD-RIM Interface version 1.0 for these two systems, the NASCAD geometric modeler and the RIM relational database management system. This interface program for these widely used systems could prove useful to software developers and users.
A Three Dimensional Forward Dynamic Model of a Human Knee for Determining Ligament Forces

A three-dimensional musculoskeltal model of the human knee is being developed to investigate the forces placed on the four major knee ligaments as a result of muscle contraction. This computational knee model includes the femur, tibia, and patella, seven major muscles, four knee ligaments, and the patellar tendon. A constrained forward dynamic simulation is performed by using EMG data to estimate muscle forces. The ligament forces estimated by the model are verified by means of a robotic-cadaver experimental setup in which the knee flexion angle of a cadaver specimen was controlled by a robot. Estimated muscle forces were dynamically applied to the cadaver knee as it was flexed/extended through a specified range of motion. The ligament strain calculated by the model is compared to the strain measured experimentally and to values found in literature to verify the accuracy of the model.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Alternating direction multistep methods for parabolic problems-iterative stabilization

Efficient multistep procedures for time-stepping Galerkin methods for parabolic partial differential equations are presented and analyzed. The procedures involve using an alternating direction preconditioned iterative method for approximately solving the linear equations arising at each timestep in a discrete Galerkin method. Optimal order convergence rates are obtained for the iterative methods. Work estimates of almost optimal order are obtained.
Effective simultaneous confidence bands for repeated measurements in linear mixed-effect models

Linear mixed-effect (LME) models have been extensively accepted to analyse repeated measurements due to their flexibility and ability to handle subject-specific matters. The inclusion of random effects has resulted in much benefit with respect to estimation, but it is complicated to measure their impact on hypothesis testing. While the same complication is present in the construction of simultaneous confidence bands (SCBs), degrees of freedom (df) for SCBs have rarely been discussed unlike those for test statistics. This motivates us to propose the adoption of approximate df to construct SCBs in LME models. Simulation studies were performed to compare the performances of different calculations for the df. The results of simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the use of approximate df. In addition, our proposal allows line-segment SCBs developed under covariance models to function with LME models. Applications with real longitudinal datasets present consistent results with the simulation study.
Rapid and precise retinotopic mapping of the visual cortex obtained by voltage-sensitive dye imaging in the behaving monkey

Retinotopy is a fundamental organizing principle of the visual cortex. Over the years, a variety of techniques have been used to examine it. None of these techniques, however, provides a way to rap...
Human immunodeficiency virus-positive individuals with oral hairy leukoplakia are able to mount cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to Epstein-Barr virus.

OBJECTIVE: Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a white lesion of the tongue that is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs mainly in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of OHL reflects the absence of EBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: EBV-specific CTL responses were measured in HIV-positive homosexual men with OHL, HIV-positive homosexual men without OHL, and HIV-negative homosexual men. Also, the phenotypes of cells responsible for EBV-specific responses were studied. RESULTS: Eighty percent (8/10) of HIV-positive subjects with OHL, 52% (12/23) of HIV-positive subjects without OHL, and 83% (15/18) HIV-negative subjects had a positive anti-EBV CTL response (P= 0.004, Kruskal-Wallis test). Two HIV-positive subjects showed a greater anti-EBV CTL response after developing OHL than before the appearance of OHL. Additional experiments showed that CD8-positive T cells and CD4-positive T cells were responsible for the EBV-specific CTL responses. CONCLUSION: Our data show more EBV-specific CTL activities in HIV-positive individuals with OHL than in HIV-positive individuals without OHL. Whether the presence of EBV-specific CTL contributes to resolution of OHL remains to be clarified.
Aerosol size distributions at a site on the east coast of the united states

Abstract Aerosol size distributions covering the range from 0.006 to 2.2 μm radius were measured with the NRL differential mobility analyzer and an optical particle counter during a 12-day period in June of 1979 at Wallops Island, VA. Changes in the size distribution were associated primarily with the history of the air mass as indicated by synoptic conditions. The coastal location made it possible to contrast continental and marine conditions. On one occasion a high pressure system moved from over the Great Lakes, across New England and out to sea. Circulation around this high first brought to the site air which had moved down the east coast of the U.S. and later air from the east with increasingly longer trajectories over water. As the length of the trajectory over water increased, a decrease in small particles was clearly evident.
Sexuales and eggs of the spotted alfalfa aphid

The spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata (Buckton), produces some sexuales in the fall and winter. They are produced more freely in the warmer part of its range than in the colder areas. Eggs are laid sparingly and none hatch. Lack of viable eggs prevents gene recombination and also leads to the extinction of this species in the northern part of its range each winter.
Wind tunnel study of air entrainment into two-dimensional dense gas plumes at the Chemical Hazards Research Center

Experiments in a neutrally stable wind tunnel boundary layer were made for two-dimensional (quasi-line) sources of carbon dioxide dispersing over two types of uniformly spaced (billboard) surface roughness elements. Velocity and concentration measurements were made with each surface roughness over a wide range of source Richardson number by varying carbon dioxide release rate and wind speed. Concentration measurements were made with a FID gas analyzer using an ethane tracer in the source gas, and velocity measurements were made with independent LDV and HWA systems. For each surface roughness, this paper describes the wind tunnel boundary layer and presents alongwind and vertical concentration profiles in the gas plume. Vertical velocity and concentration profiles were measured at selected downwind distances, and the profiles were integrated to confirm the consistency of the measurements with the mass of carbon dioxide released. The data are intended for development of improved vertical turbulent entrainment correlations for use in dense gas dispersion models applied to hazardous chemical consequence analyses.
Geometry and multiple direction estimation

Abstract We consider the problem of the estimation of multiple target directions, given the output of a phased array of identical elements. The natural mathematical setting for this problem is the Grassmannian manifold. In order to understand the problems considered here, a knowledge of exterior forms, lie groups and differential geometry is essential. We review some of the essential ideas relevant to the problem, including the Maurer-Cartan equations, algebraic varieties in projective space and the invariant volume integral for symmetric spaces. Our purpose is to study probability measures on Grassmannians, in order to pose and solve the Bayes problem on Grassmannians.
A structural model of the effects of preschool attention on kindergarten literacy

Factors that lead to poor achievement in literacy are evident prior to a child beginning kindergarten. In the present study, we examined the importance of including attention in a model for predicting emergent literacy in prekindergarten and subsequent reading abilities in kindergarten. The sample was 250 children attending public prekindergarten and kindergarten. Structural equation modeling was used to test our hypothesis that children’s early literacy skills mediate the relationship between preschoolers’ attention and kindergarten decoding abilities. Using early literacy as a mediator between early attention and later decoding provided a good model fit. Results suggest that attention was integral to the fit of the model and that attention in preschool is related to the development of early literacy skills above and beyond the contribution of maternal education to these skills. The implication of our study is that attention in early childhood should be considered an important part of literacy development.
On the tuning of predictive controllers: Impact of disturbances, constraints, and feedback structure

The impact of problem formulation modifications on predictive controller tuning is investigated. First, the proposed tuning method is shown to adapt to disturbance characteristic changes and thus, takes full economic advantage of the scenario. The second topic concerns point-wise-in-time constraints and the impact of constraint infeasibility. Specifically, we shift the tuning question from selection of nonintuitive weighting matrix parameters to that of a few key parameters and results in a rather intuitive trade-off between expected profit and expected constraint violations. Finally, we show that simple modifications will allow for the consideration of various feedback structures, including computational delay and partial state information. The overall conclusions of the work are that the results of the automated algorithm will help build an intuitive understating of the dynamics of the process and ultimately result in a higher level trade-off between profit and constraint observance. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3473–3489, 2014
The Pseudobinary TiO‐ZrO2

The vertical section Ti-ZrO2 within the Ti-Zr-O system was investigated by metallographic, X-ray diffraction, electron probe, and melting point studies. Analyses were conducted using arcmelted specimens which had been equilibrated and quenched from temperatures of 600° to 1600°C. The Ti-ZrO2 section is similar to the Zr-ZrO2 system. At high temperatures, considerable amounts of Zr and O go into solid solution in Ti, stabilizing α-Ti to 30 wt% ZrO2. From 30 to 98 wt% ZrO2 an α-Ti+ZrO2 region is defined, and at compositions above 98 wt% ZrO2, single-phase ZrO2(ss) exists. At low temperatures an α-Ti+(Ti,Zr)3O field exists from 22 to 32 wt% ZrO2; this region decreases in size with increasing temperature until it disappears at 1200°C. Above 32 wt% ZrO2, a three phase α-Ti+ (Ti,Zr)3O+ZrO2 field exists; its stability extends from 1200°C at 30 wt%
Influence of hydrogen on the thermal conductivities of superconducting Nb and Ta

The thermal conductivities of superconducting Nb and Ta have been measured in the temperature range 0.04-4 K with and without the presence of dissolved H or D. In Nb doped with D the phonon mean free path exhibits a minimum which occurs at the same temperature at which a deuterium-related anomaly has been observed in the specific heat. Phonon scattering caused by the addition of H to Nb or Ta is complicated by the presence of resonant scattering from dislocations produced by precipitation of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-phase hydride.
PROTECTION INDUCED BY BACTERIAL ENDOTOXIN AGAINST WHOLE-BODY X-IRRADIATION IN GERMFREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE.

Abstract : When conventional and germ-free mice are administered 10 micrograms of E. coli endotoxin intraperitoneally 24 hours prior to whole-body X-irradiation, the LD50(30) X-ray dose is raised to about the same degree for both groups: from 739 r to 829 r for conventional mice and 834 r to 942 r for germ-free mice. For both groups the X-ray dose-reduction factors lie in the narrow range of 1.13 to 1.15. (Author)
On-chip microfluidic tuning of an microring resonator

We demonstrate a tunable optical filter with extinction ratio of 37 dB by integrating microring resonator with a microfluidic chip. Tuning is obtained by on-chip mixing of two liquids with different refractive indices.
Theory of electron detachment in collisions of negative ions with atoms II. Survival probability, differential elastic cross section, and total detachment cross section for the H-–He system

The close-coupling theory of electron detachment, developed in the preceding paper I, is used to calculate the probability of survival of the negative ion, and the total probability of electron detachment. Neglect of a term reduces the formulas to more familiar ones, which are then used to calculate differential elastic cross sections and total detachment cross sections for the H$^-$-He and D$^-$-He systems. Good agreement with experimental results is obtained.
Modeling average gas–solid heat transfer using particle-resolved direct numerical simulation

Abstract The purpose of this work is to develop gas–solid heat transfer models using Particle-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (PR-DNS). Gas–solid heat transfer in steady flow through a homogeneous fixed assembly of monodisperse spherical particles is simulated using the Particle-resolved Uncontaminated-fluid Reconcilable Immersed Boundary Method (PUReIBM). PR-DNS results are obtained over a range of mean slip Reynolds number (1–100) and solid volume fraction (0.1–0.5). Fluid heating is important in gas–solid heat transfer, especially in dense low-speed flows, and the PUReIBM formulation accounts for this through a heat ratio which appears in the thermal self-similarity boundary condition that ensures thermally fully-developed flow. The average volumetric interphase heat transfer rate (average gas–solid heat transfer) that appears in the average fluid temperature evolution equation is quantified and modeled using PR-DNS results. The Nusselt number corresponding to average gas–solid heat transfer is obtained from PR-DNS data, and compared with Gunn’s Nusselt number correlation (Gunn, 1978). A new Nusselt number correlation is proposed that fits the PR-DNS data more closely and also captures the Reynolds number dependence more accurately. It is shown that the use of Nusselt number correlations based on the average bulk fluid temperature in the standard two-fluid model for gas–solid heat transfer is inconsistent, and results in up to 35% error in prediction of the average gas–solid heat transfer. Using PR-DNS data, a consistent two-fluid model is proposed that improves the predicted average gas–solid heat transfer.
Kinematics of Exciton-Exciton Annihilation in Molecular Crystals

A theory is developed for calculating the kinematic part of the exciton-exciton annihilation rate in molecular crystals. The spatial and spin motion of the excitons, as well as the annihilation process itself, is treated phenomenologically. Exciton propagation is assumed to take place as in the hopping model. The importance of the dimensionality of the exciton motion is pointed out; in nearly one- or two-dimensional cases, certain lifetime processes control the exciton collision rate, in contrast to the three-dimensional case. These lifetime processes include motion out of the one- or two-dimensional subspace and, for excitons with spin, spin relaxation. The theory leads to a description of magnetic field effects on the annihilation rate of triplet excitons at room temperature. When applied to triplet excitons in anthracene, this description gives a satsfactory fit to the observed effects and leads to the determination of the nearest-neighbor exciton annihilation rate, the singlet-channel annihilation rate constant, and the exciton diffusion constant for motion perpendicular to the $\mathrm{ab}$ plane of anthracene.
Effects of Reduced Carbonate Saturation State on Early Development in the Common Edible Sea Urchin Lytechinus variegatus: Implications for Land-Based Aquaculture

Land-based aquaculture facilities often utilize additional bicarbonate sources such as commercial sea salts that are designed to boost alkalinity in order to buffer seawater against reductions in pH. Despite these preventative measures, many facilities are likely to face occasional reductions in pH and corresponding reductions in carbonate saturation states due to the accumulation of metabolic waste products. We investigated the impact of reduced carbonate saturation states (ΩCa, ΩAr) on embryonic developmental rates, larval developmental rates, and echinoplutei skeletal morphometrics in the common edible sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus under high alkalinity conditions. Commercial artificial seawater was bubbled with a mixture of air and CO2 gas to reduce the carbonate saturation state. Rates of embryonic and larval development were significantly delayed in both the low and extreme low carbonate saturation state groups relative to the control at a given time. Although symmetry of overall skeletal body le...
Is caffeine associated with bone mineral density in young adult women

Abstract Background. By increasing the urinary excretion of calcium, caffeine consumption may reduce bone mineral density (BMD) and subsequently increase the risk for osteoporotic fracture. Although negative associations between caffeine consumption and BMD have been reported for postmenopausal women, in particular for those who consume low amounts of dietary calcium, the relation between caffeine and BMD in younger women is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the association between caffeine consumption and BMD in a cross-sectional study of 177 healthy white women, age 19–26 years, who attended a Midwestern university. Methods. Average caffeine intake (milligrams per day) was calculated from self-reports of the consumption of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, tea, colas, chocolate products, and select medications during the previous 12 months (mean caffeine intake = 99.9 mg/day). BMD (grams per square centimeter) at the femoral neck and the lumbar spine was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results. After adjusting in linear regression models for potential confounders, including height, body mass index, age at menarche, calcium intake, protein consumption, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use, caffeine consumption was not a significant predictor of BMD. For every 100 mg of caffeine consumed, femoral neck BMD decreased 0.0069 g/cm2 (95% confidence in terval [CI] = −0.0215, 0.0076) and lumbar spine BMD decreased 0.0119 g/cm2 (95% CI = −0.0271, 0.0033). No single source of caffeine was significantly associated with a decrease in BMD. Furthermore, the association between caffeine consumption and BMD at either site did not differ significantly between those who consumed low levels of calcium (≤836 mg/day) and those who consumed high levels of calcium (>836 mg/day). Conclusions. Caffeine intake in the range consumed by young adult women is not an important risk factor for low BMD.
Security-constrained transmission switching with voltage constraints

Abstract Transmission switching (TS) would play a vital role in the security and economics of electric power systems. The application of TS to the AC model of security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) for the day-ahead scheduling is presented in this paper. The proposed AC model of SCUC with TS would include real and reactive power flow constraints which increase the controllability of base case and contingency solutions with voltage constraints. A general FACTS model is introduced for the reactive power management in SCUC which is based on the power injection model (PIM). A modified Newton–Raphson power flow model is introduced in the proposed SCUC with TS in which line flows are considered as variables. The proposed AC network model is compared with the DC network model for enhancing the power network controllability and minimizing the operation cost. The case studies exhibit the effectiveness of the TS application to SCUC with AC network constraints.
Trimming of Advanced High Strength Steels

Modern product design and manufacturing often utilizes a wide variety of materials. Where once low carbon steel predominated, a variety of different materials such as aluminum alloys and advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) are now being utilized. Although such alternative materials may provide a variety of benefits in manufacturing and design, these same materials may present difficulties when subjected to manufacturing processes originally designed for low carbon steel. One such manufacturing area where difficulties may arise is in trimming operations. A defect that may arise directly in the trimming operation are burrs. Burrs decrease the quality and accuracy of stamped parts and cause splits in stretch flanging and hemming. Current standards limit the production of burrs through accurate alignment of the upper and lower edges of the trim knives. The clearance between the shearing edges should be less than 10% of the material thickness. For automotive exterior sheet, this requires a gap less than 0.06mm. Unfortunately, tolerances often exceed the capabilities of many trim dies resulting in the production of burrs. To satisfy the current standards of quality and to meet customer satisfaction, stamped parts frequently need an additional deburring operation, which is often accomplished as a metal-finish operation and conducted manually. The objective of the research described in this paper was to study the mechanisms of burr generation and the impact on AHSS formability in stretch flanging. Results on both the conventional trimming process and a recently developed robust trimming process, which has the potential to expand tolerances of trim die alignment, will be discussed.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Studies on covalent binding of (-)trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene metabolites to cytochromes P-450 LM2 and LM4 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase.

1. Metabolism of 14C-labelled benzo[α]pyrene (-)trans-7,8-dihydrodiol to protein and DNA-binding products in a reconstituted enzyme system proceeds 5 to 10 times faster with rabbit cytochrome P-450 LM4 than with LM2.2. Either cytochrome converts the substrate to ethyl acetate- and water-soluble metabolites, identified by h.p.l.c. Water-soluble metabolites comprise 78% of the total products with cytochrome P-450 LM2, but only 50% of those formed by LM4. The relative proportion of the two types of metabolites is differentially affected by certain modifiers such as 7,8-benzoflavone.3. Half of the radioactivity in the aqueous phase of reaction mixtures containing cytochrome P-450 LM4 represents (-)trans-7,8-diol metabolites in complex primarily with NADPH and phosphate. The remaining water-soluble products are bound covalently to proteins in the reconstituted system.4. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, and measurement of the radioactivity in individual bands indicate that a larger fraction ...
The Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1α is Essential for Maximal and Efficient Cardiac Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipid Homeostasis

High-capacity mitochondrial ATP production is essential for normal function of the adult heart, and evidence is emerging that mitochondrial derangements occur in common myocardial diseases. Previou...
Separation of endocytic from exocytic coated vesicles using a novel cholinesterase mediated density shift technique.

Abstract Coated vesicles isolated from rat liver perfused with diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) to inactivate endogenous cholinesterase contained newly synthesized secretory cholinesterase after a 30 min recovery. The cholinesterase is found in coated vesicles of presumed endocytic origin following DFP treatment and perfusion for 3 min with galactosylated cholinesterase, a ligand for the asialoglycoprotein recpetor. Highly enriched populations of endocytic and exocytic coated vesicles can be separated by use of a novel cholinesterase mediated density shift technique. The two coated vesicle classes have very similar polypeptide compositions but differ significantly in the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid.
Transvenous to arterial Onyx embolization

Background/objective Transarterial infusion of Onyx is now widely used in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Transvenous Onyx embolization is rarely performed, and usually in cases of carotid cavernous fistulas. We describe a novel technique of transvenous Onyx embolization in the treatment of three high risk DAVFs and one vein of Galen (VOG) AVM. Methods Cases were evaluated with specific attention to technical caveats, clinical indications, and complications. Patients were treated during 2011–2012 by two operators (FCA and CGM). Standard transfemoral venous approaches were employed in order to obtain access into the draining venous system in all cases. Results Four female patients, aged 5 months to 68 years, were treated. Two patients, one presenting with headache and the other with a bruit, demonstrated high risk DAVFs involving the transverse–sigmoid sinuses. One patient, who was asymptomatic, manifested a high risk ethmoidal DAVF that was discovered incidentally during treatment of a basilar aneurysm. The final patient presented with symptoms of a pineal region mass and was found to have a VOG AVM. In all cases, a microcatheter was navigated through the draining venous pouch and into the ostium of an arterial feeder. A single Onyx infusion from this position filled multiple arterial feeders and resulted in cures in the first three patients and a significant reduction in AVM nidus in the fourth patient. No complications occurred. Conclusions Transvenous Onyx infusion into a single arterial feeder can produce retrograde embolization of numerous other arterial feeders supplying high risk DAVFs and complex cerebral AVMs. This technique appears to be safe and potentially curative in select cases.
Fast time-varying dispersive channel estimation and equalization for 8-PSK cellular system

The channel estimation and equalization for EDGE system with time-varying and frequency-selective fading channels are discussed. It is shown that the fast fading channel during a selected slot in the EDGE system can be modeled as a linear function of time, and a linear least-squares algorithm is proposed to estimate the fading channel. For typical channel profiles of the EDGE system, the channel impulse response is not in its minimum phase form, thus cannot be directly used in computationally efficient equalizers, such as delayed decision feedback sequence estimation or reduced state sequence estimation. To overcome this problem, a Cholesky decomposition-based method is introduced to transform the estimated channel impulse response into its minimum phase form. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can effectively combat the time-varying and frequency-selective channel fading with Doppler frequency being in a wide range up to 300 Hz.
Analysis of a gap dryer used to produce polymer films and coatings

The ability to predict the drying behavior of thin films and coatings is of great importance to the coating industry and governs the economical production of various polymeric products. In conventional drying processes, a continuous layer of polymer solution is deposited onto a substrate, which is dried in an oven with forced air convection. Recently, a gap dryer was developed that eliminates the need for forced gas flow and provides direct solvent recovery. A model that incorporates simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the bulk polymer and gas phases and jump conditions across the interface is utilized to describe the drying of a binary polymer-solvent system in a gap dryer. Solvent self-diffusion in the polymer phase is described by the free-volume theory, and the Flory-Huggins theory is used to describe polymer-solvent thermodynamics. Simulations indicate the possibility of condensation in the gas phase that can decrease both drying efficiency and coating quality. A method to resolve this problem is proposed, as well as a comparison between the performance of a gap dryer and a conventional convection-oven dryer.
Thermal design considerations for the advanced mezzanine card form factor

This paper presents the: requirements necessary to create an adequate thermal design for an advanced mezzanine card. The cooling limits of an AdvancedMC platform in an AdvancedTCA/spl reg/ chassis are determined based on the principles of mass and energy conservation. This article also provides recommendations to optimize the AdvancedMC platform for maximum heat dissipation. In addition, it includes a case study on methods to cool the processor advanced mezzanine card. (PrAMC) utilizing typical single board computer components. Finally, practical cooling limitations are established for microprocessors in the PrAMC form factor. The method presented can be used to determine practical cooling limitations for all other critical components on the platform. It is recommended that AdvancedMC designers use these techniques to determine the cooling limitations for AdvancedMC platform designs. The intent of this document is to instill an understanding that the cooling capacity for AdvancedMC platforms is limited due to system boundary conditions, component limitations, and physics.
Temporal aspects of computer-mediated communication

Abstract The present paper introduces a transactional framework for studying the temporal aspects of computer-mediated interaction. The transactional world view is an approach to understanding phenomena which proposes that events are best viewed as holistic unities. From this perspective, persons, environments, and temporal qualities are inseparable and mutually defining aspects of phenomena. Computers provide a wholly new medium of communication and the transactional perspective provides a particularly useful approach for examining how social interaction operates as part of this environmental context. This paper focuses on temporal aspects of social interaction as it occurs in various computer-related settings. Aspects of temporal scale, sequencing, pace, and salience are applied to computer interaction at the level of the individual, the dyad, and the group. Recommendations are given for using the framework to guide research, intervention, and further theory development.
Effect of exogenous gonadotropins on endometrial maturation in oocyte donors

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) on endometrial maturation. Design: Prospective, before and after evaluation of midluteal endometrial biopsies in oocyte donor's spontaneous and subsequent COH cycles. Setting: Tertiary academic medical center assisted reproductive technologies clinic. Patient(s): Nineteen oocyte donors. Intervention(s): Exogenous gonadotropins, endometrial biopsies. Main Outcome Measure(s): Endometrial histology and an immunohistochemical marker of uterine receptivity, the αvβ3 vitronectin. Result(s): Glandular and stromal dyssynchrony was more common after COH in 16 (80%) of 20 cycles than 6 (30%) of 20 spontaneous cycles ( P P Conclusion(s): Exogenous gonadotropin use in healthy reproductive age women did not result in endometrial evidence of a luteal phase defect. A greater incidence of glandular-stromal dyssynchrony resulted from the use of exogenous gonadotropins. The presence of αvβ3 was noted in most endometrial specimens demonstrating in phase glandular maturation. We conclude that endometrial dyssynchrony that results from delayed glandular development most likely represents a normal histologic variant.
Drought and Environmental Opinion A Study of Attitudes toward Water Policy

Previous research into place effects has provided mixed evidence about the effect of geography on public opinion. Much of the work finding a relationship is susceptible to methodological criticisms of spuriousness or endogeneity. In this paper, I leverage a unique research design to examine the influence of residential setting on environmental attitudes regarding water use. The findings indicate that local drought conditions increase individuals� level of concern about the nation�s water supply. In addition, drought conditions are related to public attitudes toward water use regulation, with those living in drought-afflicted counties more likely to support government regulation. This study provides a firm foundation for research attempting to demonstrate that local conditions have a causal effect on public opinion.
Specific binding of 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to chick intestinal mucosa: 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is an allosteric effector of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding

Abstract We have previously described a significant decrease in the positive cooperativity level and affinity of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] binding to its chick intestinal chromatin receptor induced in vitro by a physiological 10-fold molar excess of (24R)-25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [24R,25(OH)2D3] [ F. Wilhelm and A. W. Norman (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.126, 496–501]. In this report, we have initiated a comparative study of the binding of 24R,25(OH)2[3H]D3 and 1,25(OH)2[3H]D3 to the the intestinal chromatin fraction obtained from vitamin D-replete birds. 24R,25(OH)2[3H]D3 specific binding to this chromatin fraction was characterized by a dissociation constant (Kd) of 34.0 ± 6.4 n m , a positive cooperativity level (nH) of 1.40 ± 0.13, and a capacity (Bmax) of 47 ± 8 fmol/mg protein. The very low relative competitive index (RCI) of 24R,25(OH)2D3 (0.11 ± 0.03%) for the 1,25(OH)2D3 binding site/receptor, as well as the inability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to displace 24R,25(OH)2D3 from its binding site at a physiological molar ratio of 1:10, strongly suggest the independence of 24R,25(OH)2D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3 binding sites. Stereospecificity of the 24R,25(OH)2D3 binding sites was attested by the displacement of only 45 ± 6% of 24R,25(OH)2D3 specific binding by equimolar concentrations of 24S,25(OH)2D3. Collectively these results suggest the existence of a binding domain/ receptor for 24,25(OH)2D3 in the chick intestine which is independent of the 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor.
Results on local stability of fixed step size recursive algorithms

A recursive equation which subsumes several common adaptive filtering algorithms is analyzed for general stochastic inputs and disturbances by relating the motion of the parameter estimate errors to the behavior of an unforced deterministic ordinary differential equation (ODE). Local stability of the ODE implies weak convergence of the algorithm while instability of the differential equation implies nonconvergence of the parameter estimates. The analysis does not require continuity of the update equation, and the asymptotic distribution of the parameter trajectories for all stable cases (under some mild conditions) is shown to be an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. The ODEs describing the motion of several common adaptive filters are examined in some simple settings, including the least mean square (LMS) algorithm and all three of its signed variants (the signed regressor, the signed error, and the sign-sign algorithms). Stability and instability results are presented in terms of the eigenvalues of a correlation like matrix. This generates known results for LMS, signed regressor, and signed error LMS and gives new stability criteria for the sign-sign algorithm. >
Energy Storage in Polymer Films with High Dielectric Constant Fillers

A mixture of polymer with high dielectric constant filler has appeal as a high energy density capacitor dielectric. However, at "low" volume fractions of filler, the primary effect of a high dielectric constant filler (relative to the polymer matrix) is to increase the field in the matrix rather than store energy in the filler. Below a threshold concentration, which depends on particle aspect ratio, little advantage can be gained from a high dielectric filler. Above this threshold concentration, the energy density increases rapidly with volume fraction of filler. We have examined this problem through 3D finite element computations for random dispersions of spherical particles from 0 to 45% volume fraction and for random dispersions of prolate spheroidal particles with an aspect ratio of 3 from 0 to 27% and in both cases for dielectric contrasts from 3 to 3000 in a 1,3,10 sequence.
Addressing transition to adult health care for adolescents with special health care needs.

Objective. To determine the factors associated with addressing the transition from pediatric to adult-oriented health care among US adolescents with special health care needs. Methods. Data for 4332 adolescents, 14 to 17 years of age, from the 2000–2001 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs were used. The adequacy of transition services was determined by parent self-report. Explanatory variables, including parental education, family poverty status, race/ethnicity, measures of the severity and complexity of conditions, health insurance status, having a personal doctor, and the quality of the parent9s relationship with the adolescent9s doctor, were entered into a regression model. Results. Overall, 50.2% of parents reported that they had discussed transition issues with their adolescent9s doctor and 16.4% had discussed and developed a plan for addressing those needs. In a multivariate regression analysis, correlates of the adequacy of transition services included older age, female gender, complexity of health care needs, and higher quality of the parent-doctor relationship. Conclusions. Among adolescents with special health care needs, those who were older and those with more complicated needs were more likely to have addressed the transition from a pediatric to adult-oriented system of care. Furthermore, this analysis demonstrated a strong association between a high-quality parent-provider relationship and the extent to which transition issues were addressed. The importance of transition services for adolescents with less complex needs and the overall impact of health care transition services were not assessed in this study and remain important questions for future investigations.
1987 Herman award lecture. A plea for an integrated approach to characterization and management of obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemias, and hypertension: a role for the personal computer?

In the Vermont study of experimental obesity, heterogeneity of the response to overfeeding was a striking finding in normal subjects. There is also poorly defined heterogeneity within the areas of obesity, noninsulin-dependent diabetes, hyperlipidemias, and so-called es- sential hypertension. These disorders may occur in the same individual and have important mechanisms in common. Thus it is logical to strive for an integrated approach to nutritional and medical management rather than an approach fragmented between medical specialties. The rapidly developing computer programs now adapted to microcomputers hold promise of facilitating an integrated approach both in the clinical and in the investigative field. Am J C/in Nutr l987;46:726-33.
Excision Patterns of Activator (Ac) and Dissociation (Ds) Elements in Zea mays L.: Implications for the Regulation of Transposition

The pattern of aleurone variegation of maize kernels carrying Ac and bz-m2(DI) as reporter allele for Ac activity depends on the dosage of both Ac and Ds. Alterations of Ac dosage can abolish Ds excision at certain times and allow it to occur at other times. wx-m7 and wx-m9 are different Ac insertions in the Waxy gene which have different dosage effects on Ds excision. Kernels, heterozygous for the two Ac alleles and being either wx-m7/wx-m7/wx-m9 or wx-m9/wx-m9/wx-m7 exhibit characteristic patterns of predominantly late excisions; this is in strong contrast to the pattern of early excisions present on wx-m7/wx-m7/wx-m7 homozygotes. This observation supports the hypothesis that the Ac alleles express different amounts of transposase (TPase) during development and that above a certain level of TPase transposition is inhibited. Furthermore, experimental results suggest that the frequency of Ac-induced events is influenced by the dosage and composition of the transactivated Ds or Ac allele. Thus, transposition frequency seems not to be exclusively determined in trans by the amount of active TPase, but also by specific cis-acting properties of the TPase substrate.
Endovascular treatment of intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations.

Intracranial dural arteriovenous malformations (DAVMs) are made up of a meshwork of arteriovenous shunts located within the intracranial dura. Most DAVMs are acquired, probably secondary to venous thrombosis. DAVMs are primarily fed by dural arteries, but high-flow DAVMs can recruit pial branches. Venous drainage patterns have been classified as draining into a sinus with or without flow restriction, or into cortical veins. 1,2 Symptoms caused by DAVMs vary considerably. In adults, minor presentations include bruit, cranial nerve paresis, and ocular signs; major ones include hemorrhage, significant neurological deficit, and signs of intracranial hypertension. The venous drainage of DAVMs is responsible for most of the neurological symptoms. 2-5 The symptoms, potential risks, and the location of the DAVM determine the indications and the possibilities for treatment. 6 We describe the contribution of endovascular therapy to this challenging pathology (Figs I and 2).
Decimal Representation of Numbers

So far we have freely used the decimal representation of numbers without even mentioning it. However, the decimal representation of real numbers has deep and interesting consequences. In particular, it shows that any real number can be represented by an infinite series. Some of the proofs in this chapter are long and a little technical. The reader should concentrate on the results and the examples.
Manduca rustica (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) damage on olive (Olea europaea; Lamiales: Oleaceae) trees in Florida

There is a growing interest in cultivating olives Olea europaea L. (Lamiales: Oleaceae) in Florida, USA. Although some parts of Florida seem well suited for olive production, the pests and diseases associ ated with cultivated olives in Florida are generally unknown. During a 2014 survey of olives being grown at the commercial and homeowner level, a novel pest was identified. A hornworm (Fig. 1), now known to be the larval stage of the rustic sphinx Manduca rustica (F.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) (Wagner 2010; D. L. Wagner, personal communication), was reported as a pest of concern by growers from the Florida Panhandle in the north to Polk County in the south. Tuttle (2007) described M. rustica as a broadly distributed Neotropical species that breeds in the mid-Atlantic states as far north as Delaware, USA. In Florida, Heppner (2003) reported M. rustica ranges as far south as Miami-Dade County, but the species has not been reported from Monroe County (the Florida Keys).Worldwide, there are 49 recorded lepidopteran pests of O. europaea, 9 of which are in the family Sphingidae, but none is within the genus Manduca (Robinson et al. 2010). The primary concern of growers was the defoliation caused by larval feeding. One larva can quickly denude a 2-yr-old olive tree, causing problems for nursery producers and for growers with new plantings. Although trees can recover from this damage, olive trees are slow growing, and feeding damage can remain apparent for several months depending on the time of year. Manduca rustica is listed as having a host range that includes plants in the family Oleaceae (Kitching & Cadiou 2000; Tuttle 2007; Robinson et al. 2010); however, we were unable to find any report that it has been recorded as feeding on O. europaea. The rustic sphinx moth is recognized as a pollinator in the southeastern United States (Graham 2010). The only notable report of the rustic sphinx as a pest comes from Clavijo & Chacin (1992), who reported M. rustica as a pest of sesame in Venezuela. This is important to note for growers who are interested in using sesame as a cover crop or an attractant for beneficial insects near olive production areas in Florida. Initial reports from growers included photos of specimens collected from orchards and nurseries. Many growers elected to control mechani
Does the Brain Consume Additional Glucose during Self-Control Tasks?

A currently popular model of self-control posits that the exertion of self-control relies on a resource, which is expended by acts of self-control, resulting in less of this resource being available for subsequent acts of self-control. Recently, glucose has been proposed as the resource in question. For this model to be correct, it must be the case that A) performing a self-control task reduces glucose levels relative to a control task and B) performing a self-control task reduces glucose relative to pre-task levels. Evidence from neurophysiology suggests that (A) is unlikely to be true, and the evidence surrounding (B) is mixed, and is unlikely to be true for subjects who have not recently fasted. From the standpoint of evolved function, glucose might better be thought of as an input to decision making systems rather than as a constraint on performance.
III–V Nanowire Transistors for Low-Power Logic Applications: A Review and Outlook

III–V semiconductors, especially InAs, have much higher electron mobilities than Si and have been considered as promising candidates for n-channel materials for post-Si low-power CMOS logic applications. Combined with the inherent 3-D structure that enables the gate-all-around (GAA) geometry for superb gate electrostatic control, III–V nanowire (NW) MOSFETs are well positioned to extend the scaling beyond Si. This paper attempts to provide a review of the growth and fabrication approaches (both bottom–up and top–down), and the state-of-the-art device performance of III-V NW GAA MOSFETs, as well as an outlook of their scaling potential.