cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CHST11 gene expression and DNA methylation in breast cancer

Our previously published data link P-selectin-reactive chondroitin sulfate structures on the surface of breast cancer cells to metastatic behavior of cells. We have shown that a particular sulfation pattern mediated by the expression of carbohydrate (chondroitin 4) sulfotransferase-11 (CHST11) correlates with P-selectin binding and aggressiveness of human breast cancer cell lines. The present study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of CHST11 expression and determine whether aberrant DNA methylation controls CHST11 expression in breast cancer. Publicly available datasets were used to examine the association of CHST11 expression to aggressiveness and progression of breast cancer. Methylation status was analyzed using bisulfite genomic sequencing. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5AzadC) was used for DNA demethylation. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was performed in the CpG island of CHST11 with a minimum coverage of 10. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was employed to confirm the expression profile of CHST11 in breast cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry was also used to confirm the expression of the CHST11 product, chondroitin sulfate A (CS-A). The expression of CHST11 was significantly higher in basal-like and Her2-amplified cell lines compared to luminal cell lines. CHST11 was also highly expressed in cancer tissues compared to normal tissues and the expression levels were significantly associated with tumor progression. We observed very low levels of DNA methylation in a CpG island of CHST11 in basal-like cells but very high levels in the same region in luminal cells. Treatment of MCF7 cells, a luminal cell line with very low expression of CHST11, with 5AzadC increased the expression of CHST11 and its immediate product, CS-A, in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that CHST11 may play a direct role in progression of breast cancer and that its expression is controlled by DNA methylation. Therefore, in addition to CHST11 mRNA levels, the methylation status of this gene also has potential as a prognostic biomarker.
Specialized Möbius inversion

Let Φ denote the set of arithmetic functions f(n) such that f(n) = f(e1, e2,…, er), where n = p1e1p2e2…prer and f(e1, e2,…,er) depends on the ej but is independent of the primes pj. The general Mobius inversion theorem then becomes the equivalence of (1.11) and (1.12) below. This in turn leads to relations between exponential generating functions as well as several applications.
Rethink energy accounting with cooperative game theory

Energy accounting determines how much a software principal contributes to the total system energy consumption. It is the foundation for evaluating software and for operating system based energy management. While various energy accounting policies have been tried, there is no known way to evaluate them directly simply because it is hard to track all hardware usage by software in a heterogeneous multicore system like modern smartphones and tablets. In this work, we argue that energy accounting should be formulated as a cooperative game and that the Shapley value provides the ultimate ground truth for energy accounting policies. We reveal the important flaws of existing energy accounting policies based on the Shapley value theory and provide Shapley value-based energy accounting, a practical approximation of the Shapley value, for battery-powered mobile systems. We evaluate this approximation against existing energy accounting policies in two ways: (i) how well they identify the top energy consuming applications, and (ii) how effective they are in system energy management. Using a prototype based on Texas Instruments Pandaboard and smartphone workload, we experimentally demonstrate existing energy accounting policies can deviate by 400% in attributing energy consumption to running applications and can be up to 25% less effective in system energy management when compared to Shapley value-based energy accounting.
Chinese Perceptions of Inner Circle Varieties of English.

: Research from populations around the world on attitudes to varieties of English is essential in order to have a better understanding of how the complexities of globalization play a role in the form of English as a world language. To that end, university students in China were asked to name countries around the world where they believe English is spoken and indicate what kind of impression they have of those varieties without the presentation of voice stimuli. This type of data elicitation enables the participants themselves to provide the researcher with evaluative categories and avoids problems associated with using voice stimuli. The results indicate that the effect of the cultural hegemony of US English as a variety is complex, and that, contrary to assumptions, US English is unlikely to be a model for a ‘standard’ variety of world English in the traditional sense.
Hybrid computer aided design of thick electrostatic electron lenses

The synthesis of space charge free electron lenses can be approached by first assuming solutions for Laplace's partial differential equation in terms of cylindrical harmonics. The hybrid computer can quickly generate these assumed solutions and their gradient by working with the differential equations obtained from product separation of variables. The gradient is used in the integration for the trajectory to determine if the lens is useful. If so, either equipotential surfaces or the potentials along a desired surface are generated with the computer to guide the physical realization of the lens. Certain cases where space charge cannot be neglected are solved by truncation of rectilinear electron flow. Poisson's equation is solved in the computer to serve as a Cauchy boundary condition to Laplace's equation outside the electron beam. The hybrid computing technique and the experimental verification of some of the results in cathode-ray tube electron lenses are presented.
Wideband channel model for aeronautical telemetry

A multipath channel model for wideband aeronautical telemetry links is presented. Channel sounding data were collected at Edwards AFB, CA, at both L-band and lower S-band. Frequency domain analysis techniques were used to evaluate candidate channel models. The channel model is composed of three propagation paths: a line-of-sight direct path and two specular reflections. The first specular reflection is characterized by a relative amplitude of 70% to 96% of the line-of-sight amplitude and a delay of 10-80 ns. This path is the result of "ground bounces" off the dry lake bed at Edwards and is a typical terrain feature at DoD test ranges located in the western United States. The amplitude and delay of this path are defined completely by the flight path geometry. The second path has much lower amplitude and a longer delay. The gain of this path is well modeled as a zero-mean complex Gaussian random variable. The relative amplitude is approximately 2% to 8% of the line-of-sight amplitude. The mean excess delay is 155 ns with an rms delay spread of 74 ns.
Hebrew Tîrô(w) = "Psychoactive Drug/Opium; Juice; Sauce": A Study in Wörter & Sachen

SUMMARYThis study concludes that one of the connotations of Hebrew tiro(w)s was "psychoactive drug/opium; juice; sauce", which clears up an anomalous line in Tosefta Nedarim 4 (quoted in M. Jastrow's Hebrew dictionary). The reason for this "hidden" meaning is due to the fact of its probably belonging to the spoken or slang (colloquial) language of the times. A parallel to this is the case of the English "weed" or "sauce". Jastrow's failing to see this meaning lies in a deliberate secrecy in the ancient world surrounding drug use. A good parallel is offered concerning Arabic and Persian ti/aryag "theriaca, wine, opium". Also, the literature on tiro (w) s is extensively reviewed.
Antimicrobial and chemical detoxifying functions of cotton fabrics containing different benzophenone derivatives

Abstract Several benzophenone chromophoric groups were incorporated onto cotton fabrics by using 4-hydroxybenzophenone, 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-chloro-4′-hydroxybenzophenone, and 4-benzoylbenzoic acid as reagents. The fabric treatment was conducted by a pad-dry-cure method, and the benzophenone chromophoric group incorporated cotton fabrics were characterized and confirmed by FTIR. Tensile strengths of benzophenone chromophoric groups modified cotton fabrics were also measured. 4-Hydroxybenzophenone treated cotton fabric showed the most powerful antibacterial activity among all samples, and 4-benzoylbenzoic acid treated cotton fabric demonstrated pesticide degradation ability, under UV irradiation.
Maximal matching scheduling is good enough

In high-speed switches the input queued (IQ) architecture is very popular due to its low memory-bandwidth requirement compared to the output queued (OQ) switch architecture, which is extremely desirable in terms of performance but requires very high memory-bandwidth. In the past decade researchers and industry people have been trying hard to find good scheduling algorithm for IQ switches. The two main performance criteria for a scheduling algorithm are: (i) throughput, and (ii) delay. There has been a lot of research done to find throughput of scheduling algorithms, but a little has been known about delay performance of algorithms. This paper mainly studies the delay properties of a class of scheduling algorithms known as maximal matching algorithms. It has been known that maximum weight matching (MWM) scheduling algorithm provides the maximum possible throughput, also denoted as 100% throughput [Tassiulas, L., et al., Dec. 1993], [McKneown, N., et al., March 1996], [Dai, J., et al., March 2000]. The delay bounds for MWM algorithm, and a suite of approximations of MWM algorithm, are known under Bernoulli i.i.d. traffic. Unfortunately there are two problems: (i) MWM and its approximations are not implementable, and (ii) delay bounds are very weak compared to the known theoretical lower bounds that can be obtained in terms of performance of an OQ switch. On the other end of spectrum lies simple maximal matching algorithm like iSLIP [McKeown, N., April 1999], which is implemented in commercially available routers. In [Dai, J., et al., March 2000] it was shown that all maximal matching scheduling algorithms are stable at speedup of 2. But nothing is known about their delay performance. In this paper, we obtain bounds on all maximal matching scheduling algorithm running at speedup 2 when traffic is Bernoulli i.i.d. Interestingly, these bounds match the theoretical lower bound very closely and much better than the bounds on MWM. In particular, we show that any CIOQ switch running at speedup 2 with maximal matching schedule as at most 5 times longer queue-sizes on average compared to the OQ switch under Bernolli i.i.d. traffic. This suggests that under assumption of traffic being independent enough, no switch can do better than a simple maximal matching algorithm running at speedup 2. This provides the first theoretical support to "iSLIP can provide QoS". We would like to note that any IQ switch architecture that needs to sup- port OQ switch must have speedup 2 as shown in [Chuang, S.-T., et al., 1999], [Prabhakar, P., et al., 1999]. The algorithms proposed in [Chuang, S.-T., et al., 1999], [Prabhakar, P., et al., 1999] are very complex compared to algorithms like !SLIP.
Targeting of DC-SIGN on human dendritic cells by minor fimbriated Porphyromonas gingivalis strains elicits a distinct effector T cell response.

The oral mucosal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis expresses at least two adhesins: the 67-kDa mfa-1 (minor) fimbriae and the 41-kDa fimA (major) fimbriae. In periodontal disease, P. gingivalis associates in situ with dermal dendritic cells (DCs), many of which express DC-SIGN (DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin; CD209). The cellular receptors present on DCs that are involved in the uptake of minor/major fimbriated P. gingivalis, along with the effector immune response induced, are presently unclear. In this study, stably transfected human DC-SIGN+/− Raji cell lines and monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) were pulsed with whole, live, wild-type Pg381 or isogenic major (DPG-3)-, minor (MFI)-, or double fimbriae (MFB)-deficient mutant P. gingivalis strains. The influence of blocking Abs, carbohydrates, full-length glycosylated HIV-1 gp120 envelope protein, and cytochalasin D on the uptake of strains and on the immune responses was determined in vitro. We show that the binding of minor fimbriated P. gingivalis strains to Raji cells and MoDCs is dependent on DC-SIGN, whereas the double fimbriae mutant strain does not bind. Binding to DC-SIGN on MoDCs is followed by the internalization of P. gingivalis into DC-SIGN-rich intracellular compartments, and MoDCs secrete low levels of inflammatory cytokines and remain relatively immature. Blocking DC-SIGN with HIV-1 gp120 prevents the uptake of minor fimbriated strains and deregulates the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, MoDCs promote a Th2 or Th1 effector response, depending on whether they are pulsed with minor or major fimbriated P. gingivalis strains, respectively, suggesting distinct immunomodulatory roles for the two adhesins of P. gingivalis.
Luminescence quenching of nonstoichiometric CdS clusters by metalloporphyrins (MTPP)

Abstract The fluorescence quenching rate constant of MgTPP, ZnTPP and CdTPP by CdS clusters (2R 60A˚) in 2-propanol decreases slightly from MgTPP to ZnTPP and CdTPP, in fair agreement with values ofE0 (MTPP+/1MTPP*). On the other hand, the recombination luminescence quenching efficiency (KMTPP) of CdS(e-/h+) by several metalloporphyrins does not follow the trend in the redox potential of the electron acceptor,E0(MTPP/MTPP-). Values ofKMTPP range from 1.1 × 104 M-1 for NiTPP to 3.9 × 104 M-1 with CdTPP. Fluorescence quenching of1MTPP* by CdS (2R 60A˚) led toKCdS = 4.0 × 103 M-1 (MgTPP), 2.1 × 103 M-1 (ZnTPP) and 1.9 × 103 M-1 (CdTPP). Recombination luminescence quenching data were treated in terms of Langmuir-type adsorption of MTPP on CdS particles leading to appropriate adsorption constants (K).
Uninhibited imaginations: Creativity in adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

This study applies a theoretical approach to understanding creativity of ADHD individuals in terms of inhibitory control and its relative import in two aspects of creativity: divergent and convergent thinking. We compared adults with and without ADHD on the Unusual Uses Task (divergent thinking) and the Remote Associates Test (convergent thinking), and a measure of executive inhibitory control, semantic inhibition of return. ADHD individuals outperformed non-ADHD individuals on the Unusual Uses Task, but performed worse than non-ADHD on the Remote Associates Test and the semantic IOR task. The relationship between ADHD and creative ability was mediated, in part, by differences in inhibition.
Interfacial Free Energies and Crystallization in Aqueous Media

Abstract Hitherto, most discussions of nucleation phenomena have been concerned with the condensation of vapors. In this paper, thermodynamic arguments are presented to show that such classical nucleation models are inadequate for interpreting nucleation in aqueous media. The use of the Young equation involving force balance solutions is applicable only for uncharged interfacial systems. To avoid the involvement of a contact angle concept, which provides little kinetic information about heterogeneous nucleation, the present paper is concerned with the use of interfacial measurements to calculate the rates of these reactions. The method is illustrated by calculation of a rate of heterogeneous nucleation of hydroxyapatite at elastin surfaces (4.4 × 10 −8 mol min −1 m −2 ) that is close to the value, 3.9 × 10 −8 mol min −1 m −2 , reported in the literature.
Design of a Candidate Flutter Suppression Control Law for DAST ARW-2

A control law is developed to suppress symmetric flutter for a mathematical model of an aeroelastic research vehicle. An implementable control law is attained by including modified LQC (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) design techniques, controller order reduction, and gain scheduling. An alternate (complementary) design approach is illustrated for one flight condition wherein nongradient-based constrained optimization techniques are applied to maximize controller robustness.
Cat Bite Infections of the Hand: Assessment of Morbidity and Predictors of Severe Infection

Purpose To assess the overall morbidity of cat bites to the hand and identify risk factors for hospitalization after such an injury. Methods All patients recently treated at our institution for cat bite injuries to the hand were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 193 patients in a 3-year period between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Patient demographics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, and long-term follow-up data were collected. Univariate and multivariate statistical regression were used to analyze the data. Results Thirty percent (n = 57) of patients with cat bites to the hand were hospitalized. The average length of stay for these patients was 3.2 days. Of the hospitalized patients, 67% (n = 38) underwent irrigation and debridement, with 8 patients requiring more than 1 operation. Complications were common among these patients. Risk factors associated with hospitalization included smoking, immunocompromised state, and location of bite over a joint or tendon sheath. Physical examination findings of erythema and swelling at presentation were also associated with increased risk of hospitalization. Time from bite to presentation, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values at presentation were not associated with hospitalization. Conclusions Cat bite injuries to the hand can progress to serious infection. The treatment of such infections often requires hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and operative treatment. Clinical findings suggestive of the need for hospitalization include location of the bite over a joint or tendon sheath, erythema, pain, and swelling. These findings should increase concern for a severe infection and warrant hospitalization and urgent consultation with a hand surgeon. Type of study/level of evidence Therapeutic III.
Statistics and Sufficiency: Toward an Intellectual History of Russia's Rural Crisis

The article examines the impact of the ‘rise of statistical thinking’ and statistical measurement on elite perceptions of the condition of the Russian Empire's post-emancipation peasant economy. Using archival and published sources, it argues that the increased use of statistical measurement did much to concretize in numerical (‘objective’) terms the idea of rural crisis. In particular, the combination of traditional paternalistic concerns about the sufficiency of peasant resources and the use of cadastre measurement yielded an image of the peasant household economy in which the value (the income-producing capabilities) of post-emancipation peasant allotments nearly always fell short of subsistence requirements and tax/payment obligations. Thus, because of how observers measured peasant well-being, it appeared as if peasants had been over-changed for their post-emancipation land allotments and were doomed to exist in a permanent state of crisis.
Parental Divorce and Premarital Couples: Commitment and Other Relationship Characteristics

Parental divorce is thought to affect the romantic relationships of young adults, especially with respect to their certainty about the relationship and perceptions of problems in it. We examined these connections with a random sample of 464 coupled partners. Compared with women from intact families, women from divorced families reported less trust and satisfaction, but more ambivalence and conflict. For men, perceptions of relationships were contingent on the marital status of their partners' parents, although men from intact and divorced families did differ on structural constraints that affect commitment. Young adults who were casually dating showed the strongest effects of parental divorce, suggesting that the repercussions of parental divorce may be in place before the young adults form their own romantic relationships.
Principle Component Analysis and Model Reduction for Dynamical Systems with Symmetry Constraints

Dimension reduction in molecular dynamics simulation is often realized through a principle component analysis based upon a singular value decomposition (SVD) of the trajectory. The left singular vectors of a truncated SVD provide the reduced basis. In many biological molecules, such as HIV1 protease, reflective or rotational symmetry should be present in the molecular configuration. Determining this symmetry allows one to provide SVD major modes of motion that best describe the symmetric movements of the protein. We present a method to compute the plane of reflective symmetry or the axis of rotational symmetry of a large set of points. Moreover, we develop an SVD that best approximates the given set while respecting the symmetry. Interesting subproblems arise in the presence of noisy data or in situations where most, but not all of the structure is symmetric. An important part of the determination of the axis of rotational symmetry or the plane of reflection symmetry is an iterative re-weighting scheme. This scheme is rapidly convergent in practice and seems to be very effective in ignoring outliers (points that do not respect the symmetry).
Performance of LDPC Codes Under Noisy Message-Passing Decoding

In traditional communication theory, it is assumed that error correcting codes may be decoded with algorithms that perform perfectly. Noise, however, provides a fundamental limit to computation systems just as it does to communication systems. In this work, we investigate the effect of noise in message-passing decoders for low-density parity-check codes. We observe that the concentration of the performance of the decoder around its average performance continues to hold when noise is introduced into message-passing. Given the concentration result, density evolution equations for a simple noisy message-passing decoder are derived. Analytic computation of thresholds shows that performance degrades smoothly as decoder noise increases. Decoding is robust to noise in the decoder.
A Visually Based Deficit in Specific Reading Disability

A case is made on the basis of theory and empirical evidence for a visual deficit in reading disability which rests on the existence of, and inhibitory interactions between, sustained and transient channels in human vision. One, aspect of this scheme is the mechanism of saccadic suppression provided by, the inhibition which the transient channels exert on sustained channels during sequential scanning of a visual scene, as, for example, in reading. Saccadic suppression is important for the efficient pick-up of pattern information from one fixation to the next and for maintaining position constancy and visual stability. Empirical evidence pointing to a deficit in the transient channels of a majority of reading disabled children suggests that such children would have 1 a weaker than normal saccadic suppression. This may be the basis for not only a visual deficit in reading but also the attendant problems with motion smear, and spatial instabilities also reported by many reading disabled children. Further pos...
Singular Arc Time-Optimal Climb Trajectory of Aircraft in a Two-Dimensional Wind Field

This paper presents a study of a minimum time-to-climb trajectory analysis for aircraft flying in a twodimensional altitude dependent wind field. The time optimal control problem possesses a singular control structure when the lift coefficient is taken as a control vari able. A singular arc analysis is performed to obtain an optimal control solution on the singular arc. Using a time-scale separation with the flight path angle treated as a fast state, the dimensionality of the optimal control solution is reduced by eliminating the lift coefficient control. A further singular arc analysis is used to decompose the original optimal control solution into the flight path angle solution and a trajectory solution as a function of the airspeed and altitude. The optimal control solutions for the initial and final climb segments are comput ed using a shooting method with known starting values on the singular arc. The numerical results of the shooting method show that the optimal flight path angle on the initial and final climb segments are constant. Th e analytical approach provides a rapid means for analyzing a time optimal trajectory for aircraft performance.
Altitude and Mortality from Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease in New Mexico

This study tested the hypothesis that altitude increases mortality from chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) in New Mexico. A death was attributed to COLD if it resulted from chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or chronic obstructive lung disease, according to the Eighth Revision International Classification of Diseases, Adapted for Use in the United States. New Mexico's average annual ethnic and sex-specific mortality rates from COLD were calculated using death certificate data for the period 1969 to 1977. Deaths were assigned to altitude groups according to the county of residence at the time of death. Mortality rates for whites exceeded nationwide rates at all altitudes. However, mortality rates showed no increase with altitude. In fact, mortality from COLD decreased significantly with altitude for non-Hispanic white (Anglo) males (P less than .02). Immigration of Anglos to the lower altitudes of New Mexico probably explains these results.
Failure risk management of buried infrastructure using fuzzy-based techniques

The effective management of failure risk of buried infrastructure assets requires knowledge of their current condition, their rate of deterioration, the expected consequences of their failure and the owner's (decision-maker) risk tolerance. Fuzzy-based techniques seem to be particularly suited to modeling the deterioration of buried infrastructure assets, for which data are scarce, cause-effect knowledge is imprecise and observations and criteria are often expressed in vague (linguistic) terms (e.g., ‘good’, ‘fair’ ‘poor’ condition, and so on). The use of fuzzy sets and fuzzy-based techniques helps to incorporate inherent imprecision, uncertainties and subjectivity of available data, as well as to propagate these attributes throughout the model, yielding more realistic results. This paper is the second of two companion papers that describe an entire method of managing risk of large buried infrastructure assets. The first companion paper describes the deterioration modeling of buried infrastructure assets, using a fuzzy rule-based, non-homogeneous Markov process. This paper describes how the fuzzy condition rating of the asset is translated into a possibility of failure. This possibility of failure is combined with the fuzzy failure consequences to obtain fuzzy risk of failure throughout the life of the pipe. This life-risk curve can be used to make effective decisions on pipe renewal. These decisions include when to schedule the next inspection and condition assessment or alternatively, when to renew a deteriorated pipe, and what renewal alternative should be selected.
Intracellular pH in lizards after hypercapnia

We used the transmembrane distribution of 5,5-[2-14C]dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione ([14C]DMO) and 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to investigate the effects of hypercapnia on intracellular pH (pHi) in brain and skeletal muscle of two lizard species: Anolis equestris and Dipsosaurus dorsalis. In control animals (normocapnic), plasma PCO2 (3.3 +/- 0.1 kPa) and plasma pH (7.52 +/- 0.01) for D. dorsalis were not significantly different from the values for A. equestris (2.8 +/- 0.2 kPa and 7.59 +/- 0.02, respectively). Furthermore 60 min of 5% CO2 increased plasma PCO2 and decreased plasma pH by the same amounts in both species. Brain pHi values determined with the DMO method were not significantly different from values determined with NMR. Control values of brain pHi (DMO, 7.16 +/- 0.01; NMR, 7.11 +/- 0.02) and muscle pHi were significantly higher for D. dorsalis (DMO, 7.15 +/- 0.03) than for A. equestris (DMO, 6.99 +/- 0.03; NMR, 7.02 +/- 0.02 for brain; DMO, 6.97 +/- 0.03 for muscle). In addition, changes in tissue pHi after 60 min of 5% CO2 were significantly different for the two species. In D. dorsalis muscle and brain pHi decreased significantly after hypercapnia, whereas in A. equestris muscle pHi decreased significantly but brain pHi was unchanged. Our findings were independent of the methods used to determine pHi. The smaller change in brain and muscle pHi than in plasma pH for A. equestris is consistent with the view that pHi regulation involves active processes such as transmembrane ion transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Simultaneous determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction

Objective:To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of methamphetamine(MA) and amphetamine(AMP) in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography with molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction(MISPE).Methods:After the urine samples were mixed with 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate buffer(pH8.0) and centrifuged at 8000 rpm,the clean up procedure was optimized on an activating molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction cartridge and the elution was carried by acetate acid/ acetonitrile.The separation was performed on an XBridge RP18 column by a mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-water(15:30:55,V/V/V).Detection was carried out by an ultraviolet detector at 210 nm.Results:Calibration curves of MA and AMP were linear within the range of 0.05 mg/L～15.0 mg/L with correlation coefficients of more than 0.999.The limits of detection(LODs) were 0.005 mg/L and 0.01 mg/L for MA and AMP,respectively.The extraction recoveries were between 88.5%～97.0%,and the RSDs were less than 5.0%.Conclusion:This developed method is simple,sensitive and accurate.It is suitable for the detection of MA and AMP residues in biological specimens for the clinical diagnosis of drug abuse patients.
Technique to eliminate polarization sensitivity in fiber-optic transducers

Many forms of fiber-optic sensing systems exhibit a strong dependence on the state of polarization (SOP) in the system. The consequences of this ate manifested in changes in the responsivity of the sensor or the signal to noise. This signal fading effect is observed in interferometric sensors1 and where polarization-dependent transducers are used with conventional low birefringence fiber. Recently, a scheme for eliminating fading in interferometric sensors based on the use of orthoconjugate reflectors2,3 in a Michelson configuration has been described.4 Here we describe a technique that also utilizes a similar orthoconjugate principle to address polarization-sensitive fiber transducers or modulators over conventional fiber links.
The Political Role and Influence of Business Organizations: A Communication Perspective

Relationships between economic power and political influence have long been of interest to scholars in several disciplines. Despite an extensive literature and rich theorizing on the topic, however, we still know little about how economic producers attempt public policy influence and the extent to which they may be successful. In this chapter, the authors argue that a communication perspective on the public policy process sheds new light on relationships between business organizations and political influence. Drawing from the political science, agenda-setting, framing, and issues management literatures, three interrelated communication processes that bear heavily on public policy formation are elaborated—issue selection, issue framing, and issue management. The literatures are critically reviewed and then integrated in a series of 36 propositions regarding what we think we know about the communication strategies and tactics business actors employ in the policy process and the conditions in which such appr...
The Third Book of the Aeneid: From Homer to Rome

By comparison with the acclaim they have lavished on its neighbors, critics have devoted minimal attention to the Aeneid's third book. Though a continuation of Aeneas' narrative to Dido, dealing now with events subsequent to his retreat from Troy, it appears to lack the emotional intensity of the second book's focussed account of the collapse of the hero's homeland. The initial segment of his tale is a study in concentration, centered on one time and place. The conclusion seems diffuse by comparison. The most Iliadic book of the Aeneid, topographically organized around the breaching and destruction of Troy, is followed by the most Odyssean. We can easily dismiss such a string of episodes, bridging the considerable distance from Ilium to Carthage, as Virgil's attempt to enliven geographical inevitability with the hero's exposure to incipient history. Aeneas must reach Dido during the book's course, but he must also learn more of Italy and Rome.
Two Algorithms for the Multi-Weber Problem

This paper develops two methods for finding building-blocks for solving Rosing's multi-Weber problem as a set-covering problem in zero–one programming. The building blocks are those subsets of the universe of points to be partitioned that do not contain any non-members within their own convex hulls. For a particular universe of 100 cities, there are almost six billion such subsets, and the paper sets out computational methods that make this enumeration feasible. Some of these methods have wider applications, but the central methods are closely tailored to this problem. Means are also suggested for reducing the number of subsets to be enumerated, without ruling out possibly optimal solutions for the complete problem.
An Approach to Incorporating Uncertainty in Network Security Analysis

Attack graphs used in network security analysis are analyzed to determine sequences of exploits that lead to successful acquisition of privileges or data at critical assets. An attack graph edge corresponds to a vulnerability, tacitly assuming a connection exists and tacitly assuming the vulnerability is known to exist. In this paper we explore use of uncertain graphs to extend the paradigm to include lack of certainty in connection and/or existence of a vulnerability. We extend the standard notion of uncertain graph (where the existence of each edge is probabilistically independent) however, as significant correlations on edge existence probabilities exist in practice, owing to common underlying causes for dis-connectivity and/or presence of vulnerabilities. Our extension describes each edge probability as a Boolean expression of independent indicator random variables. This paper (i) shows that this formalism is maximally descriptive in the sense that it can describe any joint probability distribution function of edge existence, (ii) shows that when these Boolean expressions are monotone then we can easily perform uncertainty analysis of edge probabilities, and (iii) uses these results to model a partial attack graph of the Stuxnet worm and a small enterprise network and to answer important security-related questions in a probabilistic manner.
Structural hierarchy controlling dimerization and target DNA recognition in the AHR transcriptional complex.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) belongs to the PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) family transcription factors and mediates broad responses to numerous environmental pollutants and cellular metabolites, modulating diverse biological processes from adaptive metabolism, acute toxicity, to normal physiology of vascular and immune systems. The AHR forms a transcriptionally active heterodimer with ARNT (AHR nuclear translocator), which recognizes the dioxin response element (DRE) in the promoter of downstream genes. We determined the crystal structure of the mammalian AHR–ARNT heterodimer in complex with the DRE, in which ARNT curls around AHR into a highly intertwined asymmetric architecture, with extensive heterodimerization interfaces and AHR interdomain interactions. Specific recognition of the DRE is determined locally by the DNA-binding residues, which discriminates it from the closely related hypoxia response element (HRE), and is globally affected by the dimerization interfaces and interdomain interactions. Changes at the interdomain interactions caused either AHR constitutive nuclear localization or failure to translocate to nucleus, underlying an allosteric structural pathway for mediating ligand-induced exposure of nuclear localization signal. These observations, together with the global higher flexibility of the AHR PAS-A and its loosely packed structural elements, suggest a dynamic structural hierarchy for complex scenarios of AHR activation induced by its diverse ligands.
Opportunities for Resident Training with Rapid Response Systems

The deployment of rapid response systems (RRS) has highlighted the need to better understand the nature of patient deterioration and to react in an appropriate and timely manner. Thus while rapid response systems were initially perceived by some to be a threat to resident education on the care of unstable patients, their existence has inspired a wealth of research and experience that has undoubtedly improved patient care. This chapter highlights the educational opportunities to explore the many aspects of detection and care of unstable patients afforded by rapid responses systems. Topics discussed include the epidemiology of deterioration, error analysis, team training via mentorship and simulation methods, and the value of system improvement.
Electroacupuncture as an additional treatment for headshaking in six horses

Summary Some success has been demonstrated using percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) to treat trigeminal-mediated headshaking (TMHS) in horses. The aim of this study is to determine whether electroacupuncture (EA) can provide similar remission from the pain of this debilitating condition. EA is less invasive than PENS and can be carried out in the stable yard without the need for a hospital setting and expensive equipment. Six horses and ponies showing clinical signs of headshaking were treated with electroacupuncture of the infraorbital nerve under light sedation. The nerve was stimulated with alternating 2 and 80 Hz frequencies for a period of 25 min with the current adjusted so that there was visible twitching of the nostrils and/or lips. Follow-up treatments were given when the signs recurred or 4–7 days later if there was no initial response. The procedure was well tolerated by all the horses. Once a response was achieved, the period of remission often increased with subsequent treatments. Median remission time for the first treatment was 5.5 days (mean 7.6 days, range 0–13 days, n = 6). second treatment 8.5 days (mean 10.6 days, range 7–21 days, n = 6), third treatment 18 days (mean 28.8 days, range 6–71 days, n = 6), fourth treatment 47.5 days (mean 10 weeks, range 11 days–23 weeks, n = 6), fifth treatment 13 weeks 5 days (mean 18 weeks 5 days, range 5 weeks–46 weeks, n = 5), sixth treatment 24 days (mean 26 days, range 13–41 days, n = 3). The three horses that started treatment in 2015 received a single treatment in April or May of 2016 and were still asymptomatic at the end of the study period in October 2016. It was concluded that EA of the infraorbital nerve is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for the management of horses considered to be experiencing trigeminal-mediated headshaking.
New Insights in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of peripartum cardiomyopathy, especially hormonal and genetic mechanisms, has been made. Specific criteria should be used for diagnosis, but the disease remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Both long-term and recurrent pregnancy prognoses depend on recovery of cardiac function. Data from large registries and randomized controlled trials of evidence-based therapeutics hold promise for future improved clinical outcomes.
The Confounding Effects of Non-cardiac Pathologies on the Interpretation of Cardiac Biomarkers.

Cardiac biomarkers play important roles in routine evaluation of cardiac patients. But while these biomarkers can be extremely valuable, none of them should ever be used by themselves—without adding the clinical context. This paper explores the non-cardiac pathologies that can be seen with the cardiac biomarkers most commonly used. High-sensitivity troponin assay gained FDA approval for use in the USA, and studies demonstrated its diagnostic utility can be extended to patients with renal impairment. Gender-specific cut points may be utilized for high-sensitivity troponin assays. In the realm of the natriuretic peptides, studies demonstrated states of natriuretic peptide deficiency in obesity and in subjects of African-American race. Regardless, BNP and NT-proBNP both retained prognostic utilities across a variety of comorbid conditions. We are rapidly gaining clinical evidence with use of soluble ST2 and procalcitonin levels in management of cardiac disease states. In order to get the most utility from their measurement, one must be aware of non-cardiac pathologies that may affect the levels of biomarkers as although many of these are actually true values, they may not represent the disease we are trying to delineate. A few take-home points are as follows:
Forces that Drive Nanoscale Self-assembly on Solid Surfaces

Experimental evidence has accumulated in the recent decade that nanoscale patterns can self-assemble on solid surfaces. A two-component monolayer grown on a solid surface may separate into distinct phases. Sometimes the phases select sizes about 10 nm, and order into an array of stripes or disks. This paper reviews a model that accounts for these behaviors. Attention is focused on thermodynamic forces that drive the self-assembly. A double-welled, composition-dependent free energy drives phase separation. The phase boundary energy drives phase coarsening. The concentration-dependent surface stress drives phase refining. It is the competition between the coarsening and the refining that leads to size selection and spatial ordering. These thermodynamic forces are embodied in a nonlinear diffusion equation. Numerical simulations reveal rich dynamics of the pattern formation process. It is relatively fast for the phases to separate and select a uniform size, but exceedingly slow to order over a long distance, unless the symmetry is suitably broken.
Functional Restoration of Patients with Pain

This chapter will introduce a different group of clinicians who treat pain with a primary focus of improvement in functional mobility of the patients. One of these disciplines is physical medicine and rehabililtation, also called physiatry. Like any other clinician, a physiatrist follows the established algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of medical conditions. The same is true for the evaluation and treatment of pain patients. A physiatrist evaluates the pain patient, orders appropriate diagnostic studies, and then treats the patient with appropriate therapeutic modalities including the medication and interventional procedures. One factor that differentiates the physiatrists from other clinicians is their focus of treating the patient as a whole, looking not only at the area of disability but also the patients’ functional capability and the tasks that they are able to accomplish. The ideal model for the treatment of pain is a multidisciplinary approach, meaning that a variety of clinicians from different disciplines address the treatment of complicated pain syndromes. This does not necessarily mean that each individual pain patient will require an elaborate program to receive appropriate care. In fact, many of these patients could and should be able to get adequate treatment at a primary care level. However, when required, a multidisciplinary setting will enable the clinicians to treat pain effectively. This will eventually result in an overall reduction of the number of chronic pain patients in the community. The training curriculum for the physiatrist includes the musculoskeletal system as well as the peripheral nervous system. Combining the findings from a thorough physical examination and appropriate diagnostic studies enables the physiatrist to make the diagnosis and then develop an effective treatment plan. Even though the treatments offered to patients with pain generally follow the similar algorithm, as mentioned earlier the main focus here will be the functional restoration for the patients.
Computation on Parametric Curves with Applications in Localization and Grasping

This paper investigates efficient curve processing that originates from the localization and grasping of 2D curved objects.
Problems in the Psychological Modelling of Revealed Destination Choice

The shift from rationalistic to behavioral accounts of human action in geography has entailed a radical change in our accounts of spatial choice. It is now a commonplace that in many non-prescriptive contexts a probabilistic and psychologically-based epistemology of choice is preferable to the deterministic account provided by classic consumer theory. This transition has not been accompanied by explicit methodological discussion of the profoundly different mathematical structures underlying algebraic and probabilistic choice. The contrast has been explicitly dealt with in the literatures of economics and psychology2 as well as geographically-oriented discussions.3 One context in which the implications of probabilistic choice urgently require clarification is revealed preference analysis of destination choice in shopping travel. Central place theory and market area analysis provide our most elaborate theoretical models of this behavior. Both espouse an algebraic account of individual choice. Both at least in their classic ‘un-map-transformed’ versions compare unfavorably in descriptive ability with the Huff model4 which is simple and atheoretical, but probabilistic. Presumably, progress in the study of probabilistic individual choice will lead to theoretically explicit structures which at least equal the Huff model in descriptive power.