cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grant Memorial Hospital

In March of 1991, Greg Martin, CEO of Grant Memorial, a small community hospital located in the southern portion of the United States, was pondering the effects of an all too frequent scenario. The hospital had once again seen a patient transfer to a nearby competitor’s hospital to have a surgery performed. The previous week a man had been brought in by ambulance to Grant, the closest hospital. After the doctors saved the man’s life, he was told that he needed immediate heart by-pass surgery. However, the patient requested to be transferred to a nearby competitor’s hospital to have the surgery performed. The next day, the man was transferred and the by-pass was successfully performed.
Polymersome Membrane Permeability and Ionic Transport Properties in the Presence of Sub-2nm Carbon Nanotube Porins

Synthetic diblock and triblock copolymer membranes are semi-permeable barriers that are capable of self-assembly into tunable membranes, which have contrasting mechanical properties from biologically derived and synthetic lipid bilayers. These thick and “robust” polymer membranes are typically thicker and have significantly reduced water permeability compared to lipid bilayers. These properties make them valuable alternative membranes for applications requiring exposure to physical stresses such as biosensors, drug delivery, and filtration. Previous attempts to engineer the permeability of these membranes included insertion of protein channels to improve permeably, (eg. Aquaporins), changing the polymer constituent to an inherently leaky polymer (eg. polystyrene-b-polyisocyanoalanine(2-thiophene-3-yl-ethyl)amide (PS-PIAT)), and removal of lipids from a mixed lipid-polymer vesicle following cross-linking and hydrolysis. We report a new strategy for improving permeability of polymer-membranes, based on incorporation of carbon nanotube porins into the polymer matrix. These short CNT pores exhibit the excellent transport properties inherent to carbon nanotubes, but are small enough that they can be easily incorporated into the membrane essentially acting as protein channel mimics. Here, we examine the permeability of diblock co-polymer membranes with and without these CNT pores and report the enhancement of permeability and ion transport characteristics of these novel membrane constructs.
Cross-layer resilience

Resilience to hardware failures is essential for a large class of future computing systems that are constrained by the so-called power wall: from embedded systems to supercomputers. To overcome this major challenge, we examine a cross-layer resilience approach [Cheng 16]. Two major components of this approach are: 1. System- and software-level effects of circuit-level faults are considered from early stages of system design; and, 2. resilience techniques are implemented across multiple layers of the system stack - from circuit and architecture levels to runtime and applications - such that they work together to achieve required degrees of resilience in a highly energy-efficient manner. We will discuss illustrative examples to demonstrate key aspects of cross-layer resilience.
Materialists and Postmaterialists: different Viewpoints or different Worlds?

Among the many fruitful lines of research to have grown out of the Eurobarometer surveys, perhaps none have had so far reaching an impact as those based on Inglehart’s distinction between Materialist and Post-materialist values (Inglehart, 1977). In general terms, this research has developed along at least two major lines. On the one hand, a standardized and easily reproduced technique has been developed based on expressed ‘goal priorities’ which allows the population to be divided, albeit somewhat crudely, between Materialists and Postmaterialists, with an additional intermediate category, and this classification has been shown to correlate with a variety of attitudinal and behavioral variables (Barnes et al., 1979).
Capacity of multi-user MIMO systems with MMSE and ZF precoding

Spatial multiplexing can be deployed to achieve higher throughput in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. Many linear precoding techniques require each antenna to transmit its own data. The precoding techniques such as zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) have presented for optimal capacity in the system. In this paper, we compare the channel capacity with ZF and MMSE when the relationship between the number of transmitting antennas and the number of receiving antenna changes. We apply the two types of precoding to multiple antennas in MU-MIMO downlink transmissions. We find that their impact on capacity is different, and which one provides higher capacity is dependent on the antenna numbers. The simulation results show the impact on capacity with different combinations of transmitting and receiving antennas. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed structure can achieve the capacity-approaching performance of the precoding in different antenna environments.
Estimation of radiation-induced secondary cancer risks for early-stage non–small cell lung cancer patients after stereotactic body radiation therapy

Abstract Purpose In this study, we evaluated radiation-induced secondary lung cancer risks for the lung and the breast from stereotactic body radiation therapy treatment of early-stage non–small cell lung cancer with different radiation therapy treatment modalities. Methods and materials Ten patients (5 men and 5 women) with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer who received definitive stereotactic body radiation therapy treatments were retrospectively selected. For each patient, two 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) plans using 6- and 10-MV photons, respectively; a helical tomotherapy (HT) plan; and 2 volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans using 1 and 2 arcs, respectively, were generated. The excess absolute risk (EAR) for secondary cancer occurrence was calculated using 3 organ equivalent dose models: the linear-exponential model, the plateau model, and the linear model for prescription dose range of 30 to 70 Gy. Results The 3D-CRT plans showed significantly lower monitor units compared with the rotational intensity modulate radiation therapy plans. Based on each of the 3 organ equivalent dose models, HT and VMAT plans showed comparable average EARs to both the lung and the breast compared with the 3D-CRT plans in the prescription dose range of 30 to 70 Gy. At a prescription dose of 50 Gy and using the linear-exponential model, the average lung EAR estimation ranged from 15.7 ± 5.3 to 16.0 ± 6.5 per 10,000 patients per year with the 5 delivery techniques, and the average EAR estimation for the breast ranged from 18.0 ± 14.0 to 21.0 ± 15.0 per 10,000 patients per year. The secondary cancer risk increased approximately linearly with mean organ dose. The 3D-CRT plans showed significantly higher secondary cancer risk for the ipsilateral lung and lower risk for the contralateral lung compared with the HT and VMAT plans. Conclusions Rotational intensity modulate radiation therapy techniques including helical tomotherapy and VMAT do not increase secondary cancer risks for the lung or the breast compared with 3D-CRT techniques, despite higher monitor units used.
Impact of rapid diagnostic testing for chlamydia and gonorrhea on appropriate antimicrobial utilization in the emergency department.

Abstract Prolonged turnaround time of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) test results may delay time to notification and treatment of test-positive patients and result in unnecessary antimicrobial use in test-negative patients. This quasi‐experimental study evaluated the impact of NG/CT rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) in an urban emergency department (ED) on treatment appropriateness, time to notification, and cost. Patients tested in December 2013–January 2014 (traditional group, n =200) were compared with those in December 2014–January 2015 (RDT group, n =200). There was a significant increase in treatment appropriateness in the RDT group, 72.5% versus 60% ( P =0.008) and time to results notification was significantly faster (median 17.4 versus 51.5hours, P =0.010). Availability of test result prior to discharge was associated with increased treatment appropriateness (odds ratio, 22.65 [95% confidence interval, 2.86–179.68]). The RDT would save approximately $37,000 annually. These results support the use of NG/CT RDT to expand antimicrobial stewardship efforts within the ED.
Physical layer based approach for advanced directional networking

In this paper, advanced directional networking technology is proposed which achieves full directional capability using physical layer assets including propagation modeling and sets of directional antennas. In the proposed approach each node, referred to as an advanced node, consists of an appropriately timed scanning array for mobile user discovery, a dynamically beamformed array for communication with mobile users and an adaptive array for node-node and node-core network connectivity. Procedures are developed to enable full directional link between advanced nodes and mobile users, and with the help of high-end FPGA's, are shown to conform to the timing requirements of Medium Access Control (MAC) layers of existing IEEE 802.11 standards. The proposed procedures, therefore, are based on advanced Physical Layer capabilities with no changes in the rest of the layers of Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer stack. Directional antenna arrays, geospatial-based propagation modeling algorithms, and extended sectoral networking as well as signal processing algorithms are developed for supporting the proposed advanced node approach. Trade-offs in scanning timing, user AoA and the integration in IEEE 802.11 standards are simulated and obtained results will be presented.
Municipal Purification of Water

Drinking water is a basic necessity for the maintenance of good health in humans, but it is also a vehicle for the introduction of harmful biological agents such as bacterial and protozoan pathogens into the body. Therefore raw waters are purified to render them safe for drinking. The processes adopted in municipal water purification include the following: pretreatment (pre-coagulation, pre-disinfection), aeration, coagulation, filtration (slow, rapid, ultrafiltration, carbon filtration), disinfection (chloramines, ozonation, ultraviolet light, chlorination) miscellaneous treatments (Fe/Mn removal, deionization, reverse osmosis, algal/odor control, softening, ion-exchange, fluoridation, radioactivity removal, plumbosolvency removal). Which of the processes is actually employed depends on the quality of the raw water, the regulations of the appropriate authorities, and the budgetary considerations of the operator. The world over, regulatory authorities decide the maximum contaminants permissible in drinking water and recreational water; thus, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the European Union Environmental Agency (EEA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and governmental agencies around the world all set standards, which differ from one another, and which reflect the level of economic, social, and technical expectations and accomplishments of the constituencies to which the standards are addressed.
Harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) of Trinidad, West Indies

From 2005-2007, we observed 20 species of harvestmen representing nine families, primarily in northern Trinidad. Of these taxa, we collected previously unreported or undescribed species for the families Kimulidae, Samoidae, Sclerosomatidae, and Stygnommatidae. In this paper, we provide a brief summary of the characters and natural history, as well as photographs of each species. The most common and widespread taxa in Trinidad include species in the families Cosmetidae, Cranaidae, Manaosbiidae, and Sclerosomatidae. Species that were less common or had a limited geographic range include representatives from the families Agoristenidae, Kimulidae, Manaosbiidae, Samoidae, Sclerosomatidae, Stygnidae, and Stygnommatidae. A taxonomic key for identification of the 10 families of harvestmen known from Trinidad was developed through the modification of published keys in conjunction with characters that we observed for these taxa. Key words: Biogeography, Caribbean, Laniatores, neotropical, taxonomy.
Beyond the Standard of Care: The Role of Cytopathology in Molecular Testing of Cancer

Cytopathology is a rather unique branch of anatomic pathology: it is defined not by the organ system affected by disease, not by patient characteristics, but by the manner of procurement of the specimen.
A probe-based quantitative PCR assay for detecting Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in fish tissue and environmental DNA water samples

A probe-based quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed to detect Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, which causes proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fish, in kidney tissue and environmental DNA (eDNA) water samples. The limits of detection and quantification were 7 and 100 DNA copies for calibration standards and T. bryosalmonae was reliably detected down to 100 copies in tissue and eDNA samples. The assay presented here is a highly sensitive and quantitative tool for detecting T. bryosalmonae with potential applications for tissue diagnostics and environmental detection.
Air/ground System Wide Information Management: Concept demonstration and lessons learned

In the current Air Traffic Management (ATM) environment, there is an information access asymmetry between the flight crew and stakeholders on the ground. In many cases, the flight crew, dispatchers, and air traffic manager do not readily have access to updated relevant information to collaborate in determining favorable trajectories for individual flights. This information collaboration between air crew, their dispatchers, and air traffic manager is constrained by current communication capabilities. Air/ground System Wide Information Management (SWIM) concept of operations offers a solution to overcome this communication challenge in the future. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in collaboration with industry stakeholders conceived, planned and executed an Aircraft Access to SWIM (AAtS) demonstration project to determine the feasibility of air-ground communications. The demonstration was conducted in two phases and a series of scenarios of increasing complexity leading up to initial 4-Dimensaional Trajectory (4DT) preferences exchange. Phase 1 demonstrated the ability to share advisory information with the flight crew by utilizing existing commercial data links and hardware in the flight deck. Phase 2 demonstrated the feasibility of bi-directional information exchange between aircraft and ground systems via the SWIM Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). The SOA included data management service provider (DMSP), data link provider (DLP), and electronic flight bag (EFB) with software applications. The final 4DT preference exchange scenario demonstration was completed in October 2016. This paper discusses the concepts, assumptions, communication scenarios and results of the AAtS demonstration project. The lessons learned through the AAtS demonstration provide meaningful considerations for guidance on future air-ground information sharing and collaborative decision-making environment.
Improvement of transient stability of DFIG based wind generator by using of resistive solid state fault current limiter

Abstract Currently, the application of variable wind speed machines, especially doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) becomes very effective in the fast growing wind generator (WG) market due to its advantageous property of partial converter ratings and ability to adapt to variable wind speed. The foremost concern for the DFIG based WG system is to maintain the transient stability during fault, as the stator of the DFIG is directly connected to the grid. In this paper, a simple controller based resistive solid-state fault current limiter (R-type SSFCL) is proposed to augment the transient stability of the DFIG based WG system. In simulations, temporary balanced and unbalanced faults were applied in the test system model to investigate the R-type SSFCL transient stability performance. A series dynamic braking-resistor (SDBR) and an LR-type solid-state fault current limiter (SSFCL-LR) are also considered to compare their performance with the proposed R-type SSFCL. These simulations were performed with Matlab/Simulink software. Simulation results clearly indicate that the R-type SSFCL enhances the transient stability of the DFIG system and it works better than the SDBR and SSFCL-LR in every aspect.
Pour une éthique de l’engagement soignant face aux attentats - L’action de l’OSE auprès des victimes d’agressions et d’attentats antisémites restructurée après les attentats de janvier 2015

A partir de la reference a l’ethique de Levinas, l’engagement soignant s’est impose comme une option necessaire pour faciliter un renforcement psychologique et restructurant pour les victimes d’attentats et d’agressions antisemites. Forte de sa longue experience dans le champ medico-social et sanitaire, ainsi que de son accompagnement des populations juives, l’OSE s’est engagee dans les soins aux victimes des attentats survenus en France ces dernieres annees et a cree une structure ad hoc, l’Unite de Soins Psychotraumatismes et Resilience (UPR), apres l’attentat contre l’Hyper Cacher. Nous decrirons dans cet article le deroulement de nos actions en situation de crise post-attentat (en janvier et novembre 2015 puis juillet 2016) et la mise en place de ce dispositif de soins a court, moyen et long terme qui prend appui sur un reseau de psychologues et psychiatres formes et mobilisables et qui s’inscrit en complementarite des dispositifs publics. L’UPR de l’OSE participe aux dispositifs de recherche depuis 2 ans IMPACTS, ESPA et 13-11.
A sub-1.55mV-accuracy 36.9ps-FOM digital-low-dropout regulator employing switched-capacitor resistance

Modern DVFS-enabled SoCs require nimble supply regulators that rapidly respond to abrupt load changes and offer fine resolution (e.g., 12.5mV in [1], 10mV in [2]) over large voltage and current dynamic ranges. Switch-array digital LDOs (SA-DLDOs) are a potentially attractive regulation option due to their ability to operate with low input voltages and in part to their modular digital nature and scalability. SA-DLDOs employ 2” unary-[3] or binary-weighted [4] PMOS arrays that are modulated through a 1b or multi-bit ADCs to maintain the output voltage (V out ) at the desired level (V ref ), as shown in Fig. 18.7.1 (top left). Unfortunately, while array conductance in SA-DLDOs linearly increases with equal step size ( g LSB) as the code is increased, the output voltage step, v LSB, does not; in fact, v LsB is nonlinear: ∼G L V out × G LSB. Thus, SA-DLDOs achieve a nonlinear steady-state error, e ss = V eef − V out ≈ ± g LSB/G l χ V u!op , as shown in Fig. 18.7.1 (bottom left), that deteriorates at large dropout voltages, V drop = V in − V oitt , and at small loads, G l . As a result, the required supply step of 10mV (with ±15% typical accuracy) to perform per-core DVFS over a typical 100χ I L dynamic range requires an impractical 16b PMOS array resolution. Even with limit-cycle oscillations, the load range that can achieve ±1.5mV accuracy is provably limited to 2N-6, 7 at V eef =VJ2 (Fig. 18.7.2, top left), which would still require a 14b array resolution that, even if it were feasible to build, would come with linearly (for binary search) or exponentially (for linear search) increased response time (T R ), quiescent power (IQ), and area.
Diversity of Participants in the 340B Drug Pricing Program for US Hospitals

This study examines how uncompensated care, provision of low-profit services, and financial stability differed between nonprofit and public hospitals in the United States that were participating in the 340B drug pricing plan compared with nonparticipating hospitals in 2015.
Time Reveals All Wounds: Modeling Temporal Characteristics of Cyberbullying.

Cyberbullying is a critical socio-technical problem that seriously limits the use of online interaction spaces by different individuals. Emerging literature identifies cyberbullying as a continuous temporal phenomena rather than one-off incidents. However, as of yet, little computational work has been done to model the temporal dynamics of cyberbullying in online sessions. In this work, we model the temporal dynamics of commenting behavior as point processes and validate it over a crowd-labeled cyberbullying data-set of Instagram media sessions. We define several temporal features to model the distinguishing characteristics between cyberbullying and regular media sessions. We find that our approach is successfully able to identify significant differences between cyberbullying and regular media sessions, and provide a performance increase in cyberbullying detection. This paves the way for more nuanced work on the use of temporal modeling to detect and mitigate the occurrence of cyberbullying.
Achieving Realistic Levels of Defensive Hedging Based on Non-monotonic and Multi-attribute Terrorist Utility Functions

This chapter addresses the problem of allocating limited resources to defend a set of targets. When there is uncertainty about which targets the terrorists are most likely to attack, decision makers are likely to insist on some degree of “hedging” (defending targets with only moderate value). The work discussed in this chapter uses game theory to find the optimal strategy for the defender and shows that non-monotonic attacker objective functions do typically yield greater hedging.
Scratching the skin of predator-prey interactions in fishes: a tribute to R. Jan F. Smith (1940-1998)

Department of Biology, Moorhead State University, Moorhead, MN 56563, U.S.A.In the early 1940’s Karl Von Frisch described the reaction of European minnows, Phoxinus phoxinus, to chemicalsreleased by injured conspeciﬁcs. He coined the term ‘Schreckreaktion’ (which roughly translates to fear reaction)to describe the response of the minnows. Over the past 60 or so years, numerous researchers have studied theSchreckstoff alarm system of minnows and other ostariophysan ﬁshes. Reginald Jan Frederick Smith (Figure 1)began studying chemical alarm signalling in ﬁshes in the early 1970’s, and quickly became the leading authority onthe subject. Jan had a rewarding and productive career, which focussed primarily on the question: ‘What good issmelly stuff in the skin?’. On 31 October 1998, Jan was attending a chemical ecology workshop in Lund, Sweden,where he died suddenly of a ruptured aorta.Jan began his academic training at the University ofBritish Columbia where he received his B.A. with hon-ours in Zoology in 1962 and his M.Sc. in Zoologyin 1964. Jan’s early interest was in the reproductive
Why is a picture worth a thousand words

The author is associate director for the Training and Education Program of the American Institute for Research in Pittsburgh and research consultant to WQED, the metropolitan Pittsburgh ETV station. His article is an abbreviated version of an earlier report, "A Behavioral Analysis of the Role of Visuals in Instruction." The report was based on research supported by a grant from the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, under Title VII of the National Defense Education Act.
The Need of Ethics for Religion

It is well before proceeding in an attempt to solve the theoretical and practical problems of ethics to state more carefully what man’s moral situation is. This entails bringing together in a different way material already presented in preceding chapters.
Theoretical Aspects of Mass Loss from Late-Type Stars

Since Deutsch’s (1956) discovery that in α Herculis the displaced circumstellar absorption lines common in the spectra of late-type giants and supergiants really represented a loss of matter, the evidence that this is a very extensive and common feature among all late giants and supergiants has become very persuasive. To the extensive optical spectroscopic evidence for mass loss from these stars originally obtained by Deutsch and subsequently by others, we may now add observations of infrared excess from dust in circumstellar envelopes (Merrill 1977), radio molecular line radiation from expanding shells (Winnburg 1971), thermal and possibly 21 cm radio radiation from ionized and neutral hydrogen respectively (Smolinski et al. 1977; Zuckerman 1977) and the direct photographs of the envelope of α Ori in the light of one of the potassium resonance lines from scattered stellar radiation (Bernat et al. 1977).
Reflections on Ranking Master's Degrees in Public Affairs: The Search for Reputational Capital

(2001). Reflections on Ranking Master's Degrees in Public Affairs: The Search for Reputational Capital. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 65-71.
Characterization of Fall-Related Injuries in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (P6.187)

Objective: We aimed to better characterize falls and fall-related injuries in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in order to mitigate falls and associated injuries. Background: Falls are the leading cause of injury within the geriatric population. Research criteria for PSP include the presence of repeated unprovoked falls; 65% of people with PSP have repeated falls. There is much to be learned about the features of falls and fall-related injuries within the PSP population. Design/Methods: Reports from the UCSF Memory and Aging Center from 1998 to 2017 were used for this analysis. Research reports for participants meeting clinical criteria for PSP were reviewed. Key eligibility criteria included documentation of a specific fall-related injury. A total of 39 participants met eligibility criteria, 21 were female and 18 were male. The average age of PSP symptom onset for this cohort was 64 years with the minimum age of onset being 53 years and the maximum age of onset being 76 years. For these patients, 65 falls were documented, resulting in 81 specific injuries. Results: People with PSP fall with frequency, and these falls disproportionately injure the head (48%) followed by the trunk (27%) and the extremities (25%). This trend is opposite of the trend seen in healthy geriatric cohorts where falls primarily injure the extremities followed by the trunk and then head. Additionally, in each anatomic region (head, trunk and extremity), fall-related injuries for people with PSP are often severe (higher frequency of fractures compared to abrasions or bruises). Conclusions: People with PSP are at high risk of experiencing serious injuries to the head due to falls. More standardized documentation of falls and their related injuries and fall-prevention measures within this population is needed. Additional education on how fall-related injuries for those with PSP are atypical from standard geriatric falls could be helpful in fall prevention. Disclosure: Dr. Kwok has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rubin has nothing to disclose. Dr. McDermott has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose.
Comparison of Interhospital Urological Transfers between a Metropolitan and Rural Tertiary Care Institution

AbstractIntroduction:Urological services are not available at all hospitals and the transfer of patients between medical centers provides an avenue to meet medical need. In rural areas patients oft...
Association of Smoking Tobacco With Complications in Head and Neck Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery.

ImportanceSmoking is a highly prevalent risk factor among patients with head and neck cancer. However, few studies have examined the association of this modifiable risk factor on postoperative outc...
The nature of science identity and its role as the driver of student choices.

A major concern in science education involves the under-representation of many groups in science and technology fields, especially by gender (Brotman and Moore, J Res Sci Teach 45:971–1002, 2008; Clark Blickenstaff, Gend Educ 17:369–386, 2006), stemming from an intersection of systemic obstacles (Cantu, Equity Excell Educ 45:472–487, 2012; Rosa and Mensah, Phys Rev Phys Educ Res 12:020113, 2016). Research on persistence of minoritized populations within science trajectories has often highlighted identity as particularly important (Archer et al., Sci Educ 94:617–639, 2010; Barton and Calabrese, Am Educ Res J 50:37–75, 2007; Barton et al., Am Educ Res J 50:37–75, 2013; Merolla and Serpe, Soc Psychol Educ 16:575–597, 2013). This study quantitatively investigated the nature of science identity in over 1300 seventh and ninth grade students from a range of urban US public schools using survey data on science identity, choice preferences, and optional science experiences. Factor analyses validated this conceptualization of science identity as integrating perceived internal and external identity components. Regression analyses revealed the importance of this conceptualization of science identity for driving students’ choices at this crucial developmental period. Furthermore, science identity had a complex differential function in supporting students’ optional science choices by gender. The novel contribution to the science identity field highlights the specific multi-component ways in which students endorse science identity in middle school and early high school. There was an important finding that science identity has a complex differential function in supporting student’s optional science choices by gender. Thus, at this age, developing a strong science identity is especially critical for girls.
Grid-Connected GaN Solar Microinverter

GaN-FET-based solar microinverter using a differential-mode inverter (DMI) topology is presented. Key features of the DMI topology and its switching scheme are outlined and how the GaN-FET technology affects the power-stage performance are narrated. Further, summary of the issues with grid connection are elaborated. Next, how the modular DMI can be scaled for three-phase inverter and energy-storage applications are illustrated. Finally, one manifestation of how the energy storage can be integrated using topology emulating the DMI is narrated.
Risk and protective factors associated with depressive symptoms in young adults with overweight and obesity

Objective: Approximately one-third of college students are categorized as overweight/obese and elevated weight has been associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. Less is known about pr...
Environmental Action at the Checkout Line: A Functional Approach to Green Consumer Behavior:

This study applies functional theories of attitudes to suggest how distinct needs of the private, public, and collective facets of self may differently guide green consumer behavior in the pursuit ...
A Conceptual Approach to Understanding Treatment Response in Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

While the diagnosis and initial treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis are becoming more standardized, there are still major gaps in knowledge related to measuring treatment response. One such question centers on how to measure treatment response and what treatment endpoints should be. This impacts not only patient care and engagement in decision-making, but also the field of drug development. In addition, studies so far have use a myriad of treatment endpoints including over a dozen histologic endpoint criteria. This review will discuss the various stakeholders involved in assessment of treatment endpoints of a complex condition, including patients, practitioners and regulatory agencies, and the care settings in which treatment response is assessed, including routine clinical care, clinical trials, and observational studies. Potential parameters or treatment endpoints such as histology, symptoms, patient-reported outcomes, endoscopy, and biomarkers are discussed along with associated challenges and opportunities. A framework on how to define treatment outcomes is discussed and a conceptual approach treatment response is proposed. This takes into account histology, symptoms, and endoscopic findings and harnesses existing, validated tools. It includes definitions of nonresponse, complete normalization, and a graded response category between these 2 extremes, and also permits flexibility and latitude for modifications as newer knowledge emerges. In addition, ways to position the pediatric population in these endeavors are discussed as are future research directions.
Attitudes Toward Cognitive Enhancement: The Role of Metaphor and Context

The widespread use of stimulants among healthy individuals to improve cognition has received growing attention; however, public attitudes toward this practice are not well understood. We determined the effect of framing metaphors and context of use on public opinion toward cognitive enhancement. We recruited 3,727 participants from the United States to complete three surveys using Amazon's Mechanical Turk between April and July 2017. Participants read vignettes describing an individual using cognitive enhancement, varying framing metaphors (fuel versus steroid), and context of use (athletes versus students versus employees). The main outcome measure was the difference in respondent-assigned level of acceptability of the use of cognitive enhancement by others and by themselves between the contrasting vignettes. Participants were more likely to support the use of cognitive enhancement by others than by themselves and more when the use of enhancement by others was framed with a fuel metaphor than with a steroid metaphor. Metaphoric framing did not affect participants' attitudes toward their own use. Participants supported the use of enhancement by employees more than by students or athletes. These results are discussed in relation to existing ethical and policy literature.
PAPP: Prefetcher-Aware Prime and Probe Side-channel Attack

CPU memory prefetchers can substantially interfere with prime and probe cache side-channel attacks, especially on in-order CPUs which use aggressive prefetching. This interference is not accounted for in previous attacks. In this paper, we propose PAPP, a Prefetcher-Aware Prime Probe attack that can operate even in the presence of aggressive prefetchers. Specifically, we reverse engineer the prefetcher and replacement policy on several CPUs and use these insights to design a prime and probe attack that minimizes the impact of the prefetcher. We evaluate PAPP using Cache Side-channel Vulnerability (CSV) metric and demonstrate the substantial improvements in the quality of the channel under different conditions.
Complexities in cardiovascular rhythmicity: Perspectives on circadian normality, ageing and disease

Biological rhythms exist in organisms at all levels of complexity, in most organs and at myriad time scales. Our own biological rhythms are driven by energy emitted by the sun, interacting via our retinas with brain stem centres, which then send out complex messages designed to synchronize the behaviour of peripheral non-light sensing organs, to ensure optimal physiological responsiveness and performance of the organism based on the time of day. Peripheral organs themselves have autonomous rhythmic behaviours that can act independently from central nervous system control but is entrainable. Dysregulation of biological rhythms either through environment or disease has far-reaching consequences on health that we are only now beginning to appreciate. In this review, we focus on cardiovascular rhythms in health, with ageing and under disease conditions.
A Tool to Generate Grain-Resolved Open-Cell Metal Foam Models

The development and use cases of an open-source filter for DREAM.3D that instantiates synthetic, grain-resolved, open-cell metal foam volumes are presented. The new capability allows for both synthetic-grain overlay of X-ray computed tomography data as well as fully synthetic foam geometry and grains. For the latter, a novel technique using Euclidean distances instantiates the 3D open-cell foam morphology, enabling user control of pore size, strut cross-section shape, and strut thickness variability. By integrating this approach into the DREAM.3D architecture, the entire DREAM.3D suite of filters is immediately available; thus, enabling both user control and quantification of grain size, shape, and crystallographic orientation statistics (among other metrics) as well as meshing algorithms to enable subsequent numerical analysis.
Frustration and folding of a TIM barrel protein

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) barrel proteins have not only a conserved architecture that supports a myriad of enzymatic functions, but also a conserved folding mechanism that involves on- and off-pathway intermediates. Although experiments have proven to be invaluable in defining the folding free-energy surface, they provide only a limited understanding of the structures of the partially folded states that appear during folding. Coarse-grained simulations employing native centric models are capable of sampling the entire energy landscape of TIM barrels and offer the possibility of a molecular-level understanding of the readout from sequence to structure. We have combined sequence-sensitive native centric simulations with small-angle X-ray scattering and time-resolved Forster resonance energy transfer to monitor the formation of structure in an intermediate in the Sulfolobus solfataricus indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase TIM barrel that appears within 50 μs and must at least partially unfold to achieve productive folding. Simulations reveal the presence of a major and 2 minor folding channels not detected in experiments. Frustration in folding, i.e., backtracking in native contacts, is observed in the major channel at the initial stage of folding, as well as late in folding in a minor channel before the appearance of the native conformation. Similarities in global and pairwise dimensions of the early intermediate, the formation of structure in the central region that spreads progressively toward each terminus, and a similar rate-limiting step in the closing of the β-barrel underscore the value of combining simulation and experiment to unravel complex folding mechanisms at the molecular level.
Rare variants and loci for age-related macular degeneration in the Ohio and Indiana Amish.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the world. While dozens of independent genomic variants are associated with AMD, about one-third of AMD heritability is still unexplained. To identify novel variants and loci for AMD, we analyzed Illumina HumanExome chip data from 87 Amish individuals with early or late AMD, 79 unaffected Amish individuals, and 15 related Amish individuals with unknown AMD affection status. We retained 37,428 polymorphic autosomal variants across 175 samples for association and linkage analyses. After correcting for multiple testing (n = 37,428), we identified four variants significantly associated with AMD: rs200437673 (LCN9, p = 1.50 × 10−11), rs151214675 (RTEL1, p = 3.18 × 10−8), rs140250387 (DLGAP1, p = 4.49 × 10−7), and rs115333865 (CGRRF1, p = 1.05 × 10−6). These variants have not been previously associated with AMD and are not in linkage disequilibrium with the 52 known AMD-associated variants reported by the International AMD Genomics Consortium based on physical distance. Genome-wide significant linkage peaks were observed on chromosomes 8q21.11–q21.13 (maximum recessive HLOD = 4.03) and 18q21.2–21.32 (maximum dominant HLOD = 3.87; maximum recessive HLOD = 4.27). These loci do not overlap with loci previously linked to AMD. Through gene ontology enrichment analysis with ClueGO in Cytoscape, we determined that several genes in the 1-HLOD support interval of the chromosome 8 locus are involved in fatty acid binding and triglyceride catabolic processes, and the 1-HLOD support interval of the linkage region on chromosome 18 is enriched in genes that participate in serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity and the positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These results nominate novel variants and loci for AMD that require further investigation.
The effects of stem girdling on biogeochemical cycles within a mixed deciduous forest in eastern Tennessee : I. Soil solution chemistry, soil respiration, litterfall and root biomass studies.

Studies on the effects of stem girdling of a tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) dominated mixed deciduous forest revealed that trees continued to grow above the point of girdling for more than two years after girdling. Soil core samples showed that root biomass was not significantly reduced until two years after trees were girdled. Litterfall during the fall of 1977 from trees girdled in Semptember 1975 and allowed to develop stump sprouts (plot no. 1) was 72% of the control plot. Litterfall during the same time from trees girdled in May 1976 but with stump sprouts removed (plot no. 2) was 82% of the control. Diameter growth during the growing season of 1977 was 53% of control in plot no. 1 and 68% of control in plot no. 2. No significant differences (P>0.05) in forest floor CO2 efflux rates were observed between plots in the field. However, respiration rates were found to be higher in the girdled plot soil than in the control soil when roots and litter were removed by sieving and CO2 efflux from just the mineral soil and associated detritus was measured.Increased leaching rates of nutrients revealed the effects of girdling on biogeochemical cycles of the forest. The most pronounced effect was increased concentrations of NO3 ions in the soil water of the girdled plots, resulting in losses of NO3 ions below the root zone (>60 cm) during the second year. These losses amounted to 25.4 kg ha-1 in plot no. 2 and 9.0 kg ha-1 in plot no. 1 as compared to 0.15 kg/ha-1 from the control plot. Calcium losses below the root zone during the second year were ≃10 kg ha-1 greater in plot no. 2 than the control plot, while losses from plot no. 1 were about equal to the control. Calcium and nitrogen uptake by the sprouts in plot no. 1 offset the slightly reduced uptake by the girdled trees and in fact uptake in plot no. 1 may have exceeded the control during the first year. Differences in uptake could account for only a portion of the differences in NO3 ion concentrations based on litterfall and diameter growth in girdled plots.
Racial experiences of pre-service teachers

Teachers in the United States are primarily White and female. Thus, the education system is built on whiteness and maintains white supremacy. One approach to disrupting racist outcomes is to increa...
Deciphering congenital anomalies for the next generation

Congenital anomalies are common, with 2%-3% of infants estimated to have at least one major congenital malformation and countless others with minor malformations of lesser cosmetic or medical importance. As congenital malformations are major drivers of morbidity and mortality, representing the leading cause of infant mortality in the United States, there is substantial interest in understanding the underlying etiologies-particularly if modifiable causes may be identified or pre- or postnatal treatments can be offered. Recent research has begun to reveal the spectrum of monogenic disorders that commonly result in birth defects, and newer approaches have revealed non-Mendelian genetic contributions including gene-environment interactions. Our experience suggests that increased efforts to sequence and analyze cases of perinatal death, as well as continued global collaboration, will be essential in understanding the genomic landscape of structural anomalies.
Quantitative temporally and spatially resolved X-ray fluorescence microprobe characterization of the manganese dissolution-deposition mechanism in aqueous Zn/α-MnO2 batteries

Rechargeable aqueous Zn/α-MnO2 batteries are a possible alternative to lithium ion batteries for scalable stationary energy storage applications due to their low cost, safety and environmentally benign components. A critical need for advancement of this battery system is a full understanding of the electrochemical reaction mechanisms, which remain unclear. In this report, operando, spatiotemporal resolved synchrotron X-ray fluorescence mapping measurements on a custom aqueous Zn/α-MnO2 cell provided direct evidence of a Mn dissolution-deposition faradaic mechanism that governs the electrochemistry. Simultaneous visualization and quantification of the Mn distribution in the electrolyte revealed the formation of aqueous Mn species during discharge and depletion on charge. The findings are supported by ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Mn K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The elucidated mechanism is fundamentally different from the previously proposed Zn2+ insertion or conversion reactions. These findings provide a foundation for developing dissolution- deposition chemistries suitable for scalable stationary energy storage with aqueous electrolyte.
Organization of Local Community Health Network During Infections Such as COVID-19

This article presents the operation of a Primary Health Care (PHC) network aiming to protect Public Health, support patients, and enhance the citizen as a member of the family and the local community, from the rsisks of epidemic crises such as Covid-19. The citizen needs to be supported by the PHC networks at the local level to face physical and mental needs at the critical situation of infections like Covid-19. Connecting Public Health to PHC is a critical issue. Particularly, local health teams’ improvement to work on prevention and immediate treatment organized a virtual integrated network. To succeed, the PHC network presumes the following operating conditions: (a) recording of the epidemiological profile of the population in the local community; (b) interconnection of services and completion of the Individual Electronic Health Records; (c) health group reference points for citizens. The primary aim is to provide health services covering the individual’s social, biological, physical, and medical needs. The role of the Care Coordinator ensures the immediate treatment by utilizing the technology and reduces the risks of mismanagement and delays. The system succeeds in identifying cases of people who are in need of services and have not realized it, utilizing health education actions, prevention, management new technology in order to support local community in all dimensions of health, aiming to provide care personalized low cost and high quality.
Deceptive Majority: Dalits, Hinduism, and Underground Religion

The idea that India is a Hindu majority nation rests on the assumption that the vast swath of its population stigmatized as 'untouchable' is, and always has been, in some meaningful sense, Hindu. But is that how such communities understood themselves in the past, or how they understand themselves now? When and under what conditions did this assumption take shape, and what truths does it conceal? In this book, Joel Lee challenges presuppositions at the foundation of the study of caste and religion in South Asia. Drawing on detailed archival and ethnographic research, Lee tracks the career of a Dalit religion and the effort by twentieth-century nationalists to encompass it within a newly imagined Hindu body politic. A chronicle of religious life in north India and an examination of the ethics and semiotics of secrecy, Deceptive Majority throws light on the manoeuvres by which majoritarian projects are both advanced and undermined.
Circuit Simulation Software

This chapter will describe how to build and simulate circuits using the computer simulation software Multisim. Doing computer simulation is an important step to test the feasibility of the circuit that you designed. You can use the computer simulation to predict what the circuit will behave before you construct the circuit.