cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 1.2v, 1.02 ghz 8 bit SIMD compatible highly parallel arithmetic data path for multi-precision arithmetic

Coarse grained arithmetic and logic units have long been the primary computational units for media processing. This paper presents the organization and VLSI implementation of a new 8bit, Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD) compatible ALU for fast, area and power efficient arithmetic and logic operations. An array of 8 such units, along with the interconnect network to perform 16 bit multiplication is shown. The array was custom implemented in IBM 0.13 CMOS process. Post layout simulation results show cell operation at 1.02GHz with a power consumption of 1.34mW. The proposed cell consumes 22-52% less power than competing architectures, while providing GHz range operating speeds. The array is found to provide almost 6 times the performance of dedicated 16 bit multiplication units, while still providing 60% power improvement. A generalized mapping scheme for implementing higher precision arithmetic operations using the proposed ALU as the basic building block is shown.
M theory and quantum mechanics

Abstract String theory has the peculiar property that quantum formulas were discovered before any classical formulas and that the quantum formulas are unusually beautiful. It has always been perplexingly hard to find an underlying classical theory via whose quantization string theory could be effectively understood. Nowadays, in the light of quantum duality symmetries and the unification of the different string theories in M theory, we are beginning to suspect a relation between quantum and classical physics quite different from what we have had before. The matrix model may be pointing the way, but we have not yet grasped its implications.
Factors Affecting Decision Making in Hispanics Experiencing Myocardial Infarction

It was estimated that 785,000 new myocardial infarctions (MIs), 470,000 recurrent MIs, and 195,000 silent MIs will occur during 2010 in the United States. Cardiovascular disease, including heart disease and stroke, is the cause of death for 27% of Hispanic males and 31.5% of Hispanic females. There has been an increasing discrepancy between Hispanic knowledge in recognition of MI symptoms compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Only 5.6 % to 27.4 % of Hispanics know all MI symptoms and the need to immediately activate emergency medical services, compared with 11.9% to 45.8% of non-Hispanic Whites. The health belief model is used to explore the factors affecting decision making in Hispanics experiencing MI. Modifying factors explored include acculturation, language spoken, education, socioeconomic status, and access to health care. The results include recommendations for future research and clinical practice to assist in planning targeted interventions in Hispanic populations nationwide.
Mechanistic In Vivo and In Vitro Pulmonary Cellular Studies Demonstrating Biodegradability of Inhaled p-Aramid RFP

These studies were designed to investigate mechanisms through which inhaled p-aramid respirable-sized fiber-shaped particulates (RFP) are biodegraded in the lungs of exposed rats and hamsters. We have postulated that lung fluids coat/activate inhaled p-aramid RFP which deposit in the lung and promote enzymatic attack and consequent shortening. Aliquots of p-aramid or cellulose (biopersistent control) RFP were instilled into the lungs of rats and the lungs digested 24 h later using two different (KOH or enzymatic) digestion methods. For in vitro studies the two RFP types were incubated with lavage fluid and processed via simulated digestion; in addition, rat lung epithelial cells, macrophages or co-cultures were incubated with p-aramid and digested 1, 24 or 168 h post-exposure. In vivo the enzyme but not the KOH digestion method resulted in shortening of p-aramid but not cellulose RFP recovered from rat lungs. The results of in vitro studies showed that mean lengths of p-aramid RFP incubated with saline and processed by either digestion method were not found to be altered. Indeed, only the preparation of p-aramid RFP that had been incubated with BAL fluid and processed with the enzyme solution resulted in cleavage of p-aramid RFP. In contrast to the in vitro acellular studies with p-aramid RFP, the combination of BAL fluid incubation and enzyme digestion method had no measurable effect on shortening of cellulose RFP, indicating that the results with p-aramid were specific. In vitro cellular studies demonstrated a shortening of p-aramid RFP in exposed macrophages and co-cultures but not in lung epithelial cells 24 h and 1 week post-exposure. These findings demonstrate that lung fluids coat and activate the p-aramid RFP as a prerequisite for cleavage and describe a likely mechanism for the biodegradability of inhaled p-aramid RFP in the lungs of exposed animals.
Reconciliation process for data management in distributed environments

The trend toward distribution of information resources throughout an organization requires an increased awareness of, and sensitivity to the organization's structure, strategy and constraints. However, organizational requirements may be in conflict with technical concerns involving distributed systems. This article presents a mechanism for analyzing the degree of consistency regarding MIS activities across three levels of management: corporate, senior MIS, and operational MIS. The procedures are developed in the context of data management in distributed environments. The reconciliation mechanism presented can be used to provide information of either a qualitative or quantitative nature. This information helps to ensure that computer-based systems are consistent with organizational requirements.
Identity Development and Academic Achievement in Early Adolescence

Data from 208 sixth, seventh and eighth graders were analyzed to examine the relationship between academic achievement, school attendance, and identity development. Regression analysis results indi...
Thermoregulatory and Cardiac Responses of Infant Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto Rats to Cold Exposure

Abstract —Cardiovascular function during cold exposure is dependent on effective thermoregulation. This dependence is particularly apparent in infants. For example, we have previously demonstrated that in infant rats during cold exposure, cardiac rate is directly related to their ability to produce heat endogenously. The primary source of endogenous heat production for infant rats is brown adipose tissue (BAT). Because of the dependence of cardiac rate on effective thermoregulation in the cold and because hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is influenced by the preweanling environment, in this study we examined the thermoregulatory and cardiac rate responses of infant SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) to varying levels of cold exposure. In experiment 1, 7- to 8-day-old SHR and WKY were acclimated at a thermoneutral air temperature (35°C) and then exposed to successive decreases in ambient temperature (30.5°C, 26.5°C, 23°C, and 17°C) while thermal and metabolic measures were recorded. Although both strains increased BAT thermogenesis and oxygen consumption in response to cold exposure, SHR cooled more than WKY and exhibited lower levels of oxygen consumption at the lowest air temperatures. Experiment 2 was identical to experiment 1 except that cardiac rate was also measured. Again, SHR exhibited substantial thermoregulatory deficits compared with WKY; in addition, they were less able than WKY to maintain cardiac rate at the 2 lowest air temperatures tested. Finally, in experiment 3, infant SHR exhibited diminished BAT thermogenesis in response to a range of doses of a selective β 3 -adrenoceptor agonist. We hypothesize that long-term thermoregulatory deficits during the early postnatal period influence cardiovascular function and contribute to the development of hypertension in SHR.
Quality perception and acceptability of chicken breast meat labeled with sustainability claims vary as a function of consumers’ label-understanding level

Abstract Consumers in marketplaces usually view a variety of sustainability-related labels displayed on chicken-meat products. However, it is questionable whether consumers understand such label claims and whether their label-understanding level can be effective with respect to quality perception and sensory aspects of the products. This study aimed to determine whether the impacts of sustainability-related labels on quality perception and acceptability of chicken breast meat differ by consumers’ label-understanding level. Among 110 participants who attended a prior educational intervention regarding label claims, the 33 top-scorers of a survey examining knowledge about label claims participated as a “High Label-Understanding (HLU)” group. Thirty-three counterparts who experienced no educational intervention regarding label claims participated as a “Control (CNTL)” group; both groups were matched in terms of demographic profiles and purchase frequency of chicken-meat products. Participants in both groups evaluated the same four chicken-meat samples labeled with four different label-claims, i.e., “USDA Organic”, “No Hormones Added”, “USDA Process Verified”, and a no-label condition. For the HLU group, perceptions of chicken meat with respect to overall quality, trust in quality, freshness, overall liking, and juiciness differed significantly among the four label-claim conditions. However, no significant differences in this regard were observed in the CNTL group. The label claims-induced intensities of tenderness, juiciness, and chicken flavor of chicken-meat samples did not differ between the two groups. In conclusion, the findings demonstrated that the effects of sustainability-related label claims on quality perception and acceptability of chicken meat became significantly more pronounced when consumers understood and trusted the label claims.
On the Formation of Continental Polar Air

Abstract This research investigates the transformation of maritime polar air into continental polar air in the Arctic during winter. The evolution of the vertical profiles of temperature and humidity is simulated using a one-dimensional model. The following physical processes are examined 1) surface enthalpy flux; 2) infrared radiative cooling due to emission by CO2, water vapor, water droplets, and ice crystals; 3) gravitational setting of the condensed water, 4) turbulent mixing, and 5) subsidence. The modeled formation of continental polar air is dominated by the radiative cooling due to emission by ice crystals and water droplets. The model reproduces the formation of low-level clouds that are frequently observed in these cold air masses, and also the phenomenon of “cloudless” ice crystal precipitation. The model requires two weeks for the formation of fully-developed continental polar air, although after only four days of cooling the air has acquired most of the air mass properties. The rate of cooli...
Modification indices for diagnostic classification models

Diagnostic classification models (DCMs) are psychometric models for evaluating a student's mastery of the essential skills in a content domain based upon their responses to a set of test items. Currently, diagnostic model and/or Q-matrix misspecification is a known problem with limited avenues for remediation. To address this problem, this paper defines a one-sided score statistic that is a computationally efficient method for detecting under-specification of both the Q-matrix and the model parameters of the particular DCM chosen in the analysis. This method is analogous to the modification indices widely used in structural equation modeling. The results of a simulation study show the Type I error rate of modification indices for DCMs are acceptably close to the nominal significance level when the appropriate mixture chi-squared reference distribution is used. The simulation results indicate that modification indices are very powerful in the detection of an under-specified Q-matrix and have ample power to detect the omission of model parameters in large samples or when the items are highly discriminating. An application of modification indices for DCMs to analysis of response data from a large-scale administration of a diagnostic test demonstrates how they can be useful in diagnostic model refinement.
Bounds for the chaotic behavior of Newton's method

Given a real-valued function of the real line f(x) an elementary algorithm for finding zeroes of f is Newton’s Method.
Optimal quantisation for random parameter estimation

In this study, the optimal quantiser design for random parameter estimation is investigated. The objective is to find a quantiser to minimise the variance of the estimation error by the minimum mean-square estimation. The main results are presented for the cases of high and low resolutions, respectively. For high resolution, multi-dimensional quantisation is considered and a quantitative relationship between the quantisation density and the probability density function is presented. For low-resolution case, an indirect method is developed for one-dimensional optimal quantisation by exploiting the results of high resolution case. The measurement space is first evenly divided into a number of small intervals, then the quantisation is approximately represented by the grouping of the small intervals. At last, a dynamic programming-based method is presented for the optimal grouping.
Hypercholesterolemia due to ascorbic acid.

SummaryRats fed a purified diet containing ascorbic acid developed hypercholesterolemia. Because rats do not require exogenous ascorbic acid, they may be comparable to humans who supplement their diets with ascorbic acid in capsular form. The amount of ascorbic acid in this experiment was equivalent to 82 to 630 mg of capsular ascorbic acid ingested by an average man and was well below the amount ingested by those in search of respiratory benefit. The data are consonant with those on humans consuming controlled diets.
Fluid Text, Total Design: The Woodberry Poetry Room as Idea, Collection, and Place

The 2006 renovation of Harvard University’s Woodberry Poetry Room, one of the few American designs by the noted Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, sparked an international controversy over the means and ends of architectural preservation. Arching over these debates about architectural heritage, the responsibility of the Harvard administration, the quality of Fixler’s renovation, and so on, were larger, often unarticulated, questions about what constitutes a poetic text or an architectural work, whether they have definitive forms, and what their responsibilities are to the people who use them. I explain how the different constituents invested in this specific project bring to the table different understandings of the purpose of the room and its preservation, and the distinction between the physical design and the “institution” and collection it houses. I argue that the controversy over the recent renovation reflects disagreement regarding the fluidity or fixity of the architectural “object” and the poetic text—disagreements informed by theoretical and pragmatic debates in librarianship, pedagogy, media and literary studies, and architectural preservation.
Efficient Compression of PMU Data in WAMS

Widespread placement and high data sampling rate of current generation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in wide area monitoring systems result in huge amount of data to be analyzed and stored, making efficient storage of such data a priority. This paper presents a generalized compression technique that utilizes the inherent correlation within PMU data by exploiting both spatial and temporal redundancies. A two stage compression algorithm is proposed using principal component analysis in the first stage and discrete cosine transform in the second. Since compression parameters need to be adjusted to compress critical disturbance information with high fidelity, an automated but simple statistical change detection technique is proposed to identify disturbance data. Extensive verifications are performed using field data, as well as simulated data to establish generality and superior performance of the method.
Microscale Chaotic Advection Enables Robust Convective DNA Replication

The ability of chaotic advection under microscale confinement to direct chemical processes along accelerated kinetic pathways has been recognized for some time. However, practical applications have been slow to emerge because optimal results are often counterintuitively achieved in flows that appear to possess undesirably high disorder. Here we present a 3D time-resolved analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated DNA replication across a broad ensemble of geometric states. The resulting parametric map reveals an unexpectedly wide operating regime where reaction rates remain constant over 2 orders of magnitude of the Rayleigh number, encompassing virtually any realistic PCR condition (temperature, volume, gravitational alignment), a level of robustness previously thought unattainable in the convective format.
Long-term frequency and amplitude stability of a solid-nitrogen-cooled, continuous wave THz quantum cascade laser

Operational temperature increase of CW THz QCLs to 77 K has enabled us to employ solid nitrogen (SN2) as the cryogen. A roughing pump was used to solidify liquid nitrogen and when the residual vapor pressure in the nitrogen reservoir reached the pumping system's minimum pressure the temperature equilibrated and remained constant until all the nitrogen sublimated. The hold time compared to liquid helium has thereby increased approximately 70-fold, and at a greatly reduced cost. The milliwatt CW QCL was at a temperature of approximately 60 K, dissipating 5 W of electrical power. To measure the long-term frequency, current, and temperature stability, we heterodyned the free-running 2.31 THz QCL with a CO 2 pumped far-infrared gas laser line in methanol (2.314 THz) in a corner-cube Schottky diode and recorded the IF frequency, current and temperature. Under these conditions the performance characteristics of the QCL, which will be reported, exceeded that of a device mounted in a mechanical cryocooler.
Administration of parenteral prophylactic beta-lactam antibiotics in 2014: a review.

The role of the anesthesiologist in reducing the incidence of surgical-site infections by the administration of prophylactic parenteral beta-lactam antibiotics is reviewed. Suggestions are made with regard to timing, dosing, and method of administration of these drugs to potentially reduce the risk
A possible role for PAF in allergen-induced late responses: modification by a selective antagonist

We determined whether platelet-activating factor (PAF) plays a role in allergen-induced airway responses by studying the effects of a selective PAF antagonist WEB-2086 on antigen-induced early and late airway responses in allergic sheep. In seven sheep, inhaled Ascaris suum produced significant early (282%) and late (176%) increases in specific lung resistance (sRL). WEB-2086 (1 mg/kg iv) given 20 min before antigen challenge did not affect the early response, but the peak late increase in sRL was only 37% over base line (P less than 0.05 vs. control). To study the mechanism by which PAF contributes to antigen-induced responses, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological probes on PAF-induced bronchoconstriction. Inhaled PAF (dose range 75-700 micrograms) caused reproducible (r = 0.781, P less than 0.05) increases in sRL in eight sheep. The PAF-induced bronchoconstriction was blocked by WEB-2086 (1 mg/kg iv) and by the leukotriene antagonist FPL-55712 (30 mg by aerosol); however, neither the cyclooxygenase blocker indomethacin (2 mg/kg iv) nor the histamine H1-antagonist chlorpheniramine (2 mg/kg iv) blocked the PAF response. WEB-2086, however, did not block bronchoconstriction induced by aerosol leukotriene D4, indicating that PAF acts indirectly through leukotrienes. Finally, we determined whether PAF could induce late airway responses. Inhaled PAF produced an immediate increase in sRL in all seven sheep tested, but late airway responses were observed in only three of the seven sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
How walkable is Walker’s paradise?

This article tests the extent to which a measure of walkable access is a good proxy for the quality of the walking environment. Based on existing findings on inequalities of walkability, we ask whether this relation varies between neighborhoods with low and high incomes. Walk Score is used to measure walkable access while the State of Place Index is applied to synthesize the qualitative urban form dimensions collected as part of the Irvine Minnesota Inventory. Simple bivariate correlations and difference-in-means tests assess the relationship and difference in average scores between the two. We draw on an existing sample of 115 walkable neighborhoods in the Washington, DC metro area that Mariela Alfonzo and colleagues had collected for previous research and that we augmented to include additional low-income neighborhoods. Our results reveal a strong and positive overall association between walkable access (Walk Score) and walkability (State of Place). However, this association masks problems with the quality of the walking environment that are significantly larger in low-income neighborhoods (even those with very good walkable access), especially regarding connectivity, personal safety, and the presence of litter and graffiti. As a proxy for walkability, Walk Score's walkable access measure is, therefore, not equally strong across all neighborhoods but declines with income. In this sense, Walker's Paradise is more walkable in higher than low-income neighborhoods. Language: en
Some clinical applications of ergography.

The merits of ergography in relation to the evaluation of disability, the quantification of exercise dosage, and the objective measurement of progress should be considered. Ergography may be useful as a guide to the medical examiner in the evaluation of the functional status of the orthopaedically disabled at the onset of treatment, the critical appraisal of end results. the determination of the end point of effective rehabilitation, and the magnitude of residual dysfunction. Although adequate management of the patient usually requires no specialized techniques to evaluate functional status, high degrees of precision in measurement are sometimes desired. Objective testing then has special merit; it enables the examiner to support his deductions with demonstrable evidence.
New directions in calorimetry

The idea of measurement of energy by absorbtion in matter and conversion to another more convenient form is an old one in physics, famous for its role in establishing the conservation of energy and the laws of thermodynamics. Conversion of energy to heat and its measurement by an increase in termperature is considered one of the most fundamental and reliable of measurements. When the large quantity of energy generated in radioactive decay seemed difficult to accept, calorimetric measurements of the energy provided particularly convincing evidence that the energy deduced by other means were truly correct1. After the measurement of decay electrons had uncovered the missing energy problem in beta decay, calorimetric measurements demonstrated that this must correspond to a failure of the conservation of energy2. The alternative possibility was the emission of energy in a form which could not be absorbed even in massive blocks of material. The confidence placed in this kind of measurement was important in the acceptance of the difficult concept of the neutrino.
The Metaphors of Causation or a Conflict of Concepts in International Criminal Justice

This draft paper addresses the problematic relationship between the concept of causation and the use of tropes, that is, metaphors, metonymies and other figures of speech in international criminal trials and jurisprudence. The use of metaphors, for instance, shows that specific instruments of language can be employed in an inappropriate manner as part of the process of analytical and deliberative reasoning. Based on specific legal requirements, such as those found in speech-related crimes, metaphors used in judgments do not clarify or explain the various forms of causal relations between the evidence and the criminal acts. As a matter of fact, the use of metaphors, as found in judicial records, only indicates an evidentiary and logical vacuum in legal analysis and deliberations. This author demonstrates that the currently available jurisprudence and trial records of the International Military Tribunal (IMT), the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), all testify to that effect. The analytical models presented in this working paper, based on both theory and practice in international criminal trials, offer a novel step toward an improved, philosophical and pronouncedly cognitive scientific interpretation of the forms of evidence involving the element of causation in primarily speech-related international criminal cases.
De Saussure’s Six Dichotomies

As mentioned in Chapter 2, Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist known as one of the founding fathers of the field of semiotics. In one of his most important theories, de Saussure presented six dichotomies that describe the characteristics of signs and symbols. In this section we will discuss and provide examples for each of these six dichotomies.
The Contributions of Genetics to the Study of Insect Flight Muscle Function

The utility of Drosophila as a model genetic organism has had a profound impact upon our understanding of muscle assembly and function. This has arisen from the large number of mutant alleles that have been isolated and characterized using a variety of screens, and also reflects an highly efficient method for generating transgenic animals. Combining these two methodologies has permitted genetic rescue experiments using both wild-type and engineered alleles, to probe precisely the functions of proteins or their domains in myofibril assembly and contractility. Genetical approaches using suppressor screens are now being used to more precisely determine protein function in the myofibril. In this review I shall summarize how these approaches have been informative in understanding muscle formation and function, and discuss how Drosophila genetics will serve the muscle field in the future.
Operator‐based variability of equine thromboelastography

OBJECTIVE To determine the extent of intraoperator (between duplicate samples) and interoperator (between different operators) variability in equine thromboelastography (TEG). DESIGN Kaolin-activated TEG was performed in duplicate by operator-pair A/B or A/C (2 groups of 10 horses) using discrete setups, within 30-45 minutes of vacuum-assisted blood collection. Recorded TEG variables included clot initiation time (R), clot formation time (K), rate of clot formation (α), clot strength (MA), and viscoelastic/shear strength (G). Operators independently determined the clinical coagulation status for each sample. Intra- and interoperator variabilities were reported as coefficients of variation (CV), using descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test or Wilcoxon matched pair signed-rank test (P < 0.05 considered significant). ANIMALS Twenty hospitalized adult horses with no clinical evidence of systemic inflammation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Mean intraoperator CVs ranged from 2.6 to 14% (operator A), 2.8 to 13% (operator B) and 1.2 to 18% (operator C). Both intra- and interoperator variabilities were lowest for MA (1.2-3.2%) and G (2.9-7.3%), and highest for K (13-23%). Mean CVs for all TEG parameters were lower when comparing intra- to interoperator variation. Seventy percent of horses had at least 1 TEG variable (out of 4 replicates) outside the established reference intervals. Assessment of coagulation status was conserved between operators in 9/10 and 8/10 horses for A/B and A/C, respectively, with comparable agreement between operator A/B (к = 0.73) and A/C (к = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS TEG measurements of MA and G are more reproducible than assessment of K, within samples and between operators. The highest test variability was thus observed within the early phase of clot formation.
Practical Quantum Sensing at Ultra Trace Levels with Squeezed States of Light

We experimentally demonstrate practical quantum enhancements to several ubiquitous sensors, including ultra-trace quantum plasmonic sensors with state of the art quantum noise levels well below the photon shot noise limit.
The Student and the Teacher-Training Curriculum

(1923). The Student and the Teacher-Training Curriculum. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 156-161.
Prospective Evaluation of Associations between Cancer-Related Pain and Perineural Invasion in Patients with Resectable Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Perineural invasion is a unique characteristic of pancreatic adenocarcinoma biology and is present in the majority of resected pathologic specimens. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationships between preoperative pain and perineural invasion in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Fifty-two chemotherapy naive patients undergoing resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from 2012 to 2014 completed a previously validated Brief Pain Inventory survey for preoperative clinical pain scoring. Preoperative pain was correlated with multiple clinicopathologic features. Preoperative pain was not associated with pathologic cancer stage, lymph node status, lymph node positivity ratio, resection margin status, or tumor location within the pancreas. In the subgroup of pancreatic head cancers, pain interference with affect was associated with the absence of perineural invasion (p = 0.02). Patients with stage I cancer had higher pain interference scores than those with stage II cancer (p = 0.02). Preoperative pain does not predict the presence of perineural invasion or other pathologic prognostic factors in patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Higher pain scores in pancreatic head cancers correlated with absence of perineural invasion and early cancer stage. The effects of preoperative pain on quality and interference of daily life deserve further investigation in larger prospective studies involving patients with pancreatic cancer.
Kombinationstherapie der Myokardischämie: Grundlagen und Ergebnisse

Erst zu Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts beschrieb Osler in seiner Lumelian-Vorlesung uber die Angina pectoris [65] die oft nur geringe Korrelation zwischen den klinischen Symptomen und der zugrundeliegenden Pathologie der koronaren Herzkrankheit. Diese Beschreibung ging unserer gegenwartigen Vorstellung voraus, das namlich die Myokardischamie ein komplexes, dynamisches Geschehen ist, das auf einer Reihe von anatomischen und physiologischen Faktoren basiert, die gemeinsam die autoregulatorischen Mechanismen der Koronarzirkulation uberspielen. Erst mit dem Fortschritt experimenteller Techniken und der Verfugbarkeit von Methoden zur Untersuchung der koronaren Anatomie, der regionalen Durchblutung und der myokardialen Funktionen bei Tier und Mensch in situ sind wir in die Lage versetzt worden, die dynamische Wechselwirkung zwischen myokardialem Sauerstoffangebot und -bedarf wahrzunehmen. Dennoch ist das Verstandnis der grundlegenden pathophysiologischen Mechanismen und daher auch der Wirkungsweisen antianginoser Pharmaka durch das Fehlen quantitativer Methoden fur die genaue Analyse des Schweregrades der Ischamie beim Menschen (transmurale Verteilung der Koronardurchblutung und/oder koronarer Perfusionsdruck) und ihrer Auswirkungen auf das Myokard begrenzt geblieben.
Early Visual Experience in Humans: Evidence for a Critical Period in the Development of Binocular Vision

Normal human perceptual systems are highly structured and capable of extremely complex functions. Yet, many persons possess structural anomalies in their perceptual systems which result in functional deficits, or specific perceptual problems. A question of great clinical and theoretical importance is how these functional deficits develop. In the pursuit of answers to this question, basic research concerning normal and abnormal perceptual development has played a major role. This chapter will provide a brief review of basic research concerning the development of binocular vision in animals and then a more complete review of a study that applied the principles uncovered in the animal studies to a population of humans with deficits in binocular vision.
Processing semantic keyword queries for scientific literature

In this short paper, we present early results from an ongoing research on creating a new graph-based representation from NLP analysis of scientific documents so that the graph can be utilized for answering structured queries on NL-processed data. We present a sketch of the data model and the query language to show how scientifically meaningful queries can be posed against this graph structure.
Interleaved High Step-Up Converter Integrating Coupled Inductor and Switched Capacitor for Distributed Generation Systems

A new interleaved high step-up dc–dc converter is proposed for distributed generation systems. By integrating coupled-inductor and switched-capacitor techniques, the proposed converter achieves a very high step-up voltage gain without an extreme duty cycle or a high turns ratio. Also, a very low switch voltage stress can be achieved; thus, low-voltage-rating mosfet s with a small on -resistance can be used to lower the conduction loss. Moreover, thanks to the interleaved operation at the input side, the input current is shared and low current ripple is obtained. Furthermore, the zero-current-switching of the switches is realized, and the reverse recovery problem of the diodes is alleviated. In addition, the leakage energy can be recycled and an additional clamp circuit is not required. The operation principles and characteristics of the converter are discussed in detail. A prototype with 20-V input and 400-V output is developed to verify the theoretical analysis.
Administrators’ unintentional sensegiving and system reform outcomes

One popular diagnosis for the problem of inequitable educational opportunities is the need for schools and schooling systems to undergo systemic change. While research shows that leadership support is essential for implementing system reforms, critical questions remain about how leaders help shift other’s understandings and practices. Employing the theory of sensegiving, this longitudinal, multiple-case study examines how administrators help teachers and other administrators make sense of a system reform during the first two years of implementation. I found that administrator’s unintentional sensegiving complicated others’ understandings of the new system reform, which complicated implementation. Based on these findings, I introduce the concept of unintentional sensegiving to theorize how leaders can give sense in ways they do not intend, yet have large impacts on how others understand and respond to a reform. Before championing a system reform, leaders deserve opportunities to (a) become familiar with the details of that reform and system reforms in general; (b) carefully study their existing systems, including their local contexts, and consider what dynamics might be created when they implement the new reform; (c) explore how their existing systems could shift to match the design of the system reform; and (d) practice drawing on their wells of knowledge to help others shift their understandings about their practice.
Assessing the Pedagogical Value of Branded Digital Marketing Certification Programs.

Preparing students for careers in digital marketing requires marketing educators to design and deliver courses with relevant and timely content and learning activities that facilitate knowledge com...
Meta-Analysis on Associations of Alcohol Metabolism Genes With Alcohol Use Disorder in East Asians.

AIMS The current meta-analysis tested independent and composite associations of three commonly studied alcohol metabolism alleles with alcohol use disorder (AUD) within East Asians as well as characterized potential moderating factors in these associations. METHODS For meta-analysis, 32 articles were selected that investigated ALDH2 (n = 17,755), ADH1B (n = 13,591) and ADH1C (n = 4,093) associations with AUD in East Asians. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All three variants were associated with AUD across allelic and genotypic models: ALDH2, ORs = 0.25, P < 0.001; ADH1B, ORs = 0.22-0.49, P < 0.001; ADH1C, ORs = 0.26-0.46, P < 0.001. Composite analyses suggested genetic associations did not differ across ALDH2*2 and ADH1B*2, correcting for multiple comparisons. Moderation analyses suggested ADH1B was more strongly associated with AUD among samples with cases recruited from treatment than the community. Also, strength of ALDH2 and/or ADH1B associations varied with mean age and proportion of men in cases and controls. Findings support medium to large and unique associations of ALDH2, ADH1B, and ADH1C with AUD in East Asians. Results also identified novel methodological and sample characteristics that may modulate strength of these associations.
On the Structure of Graphs Vertex Critical with Respect to Connected Domination

A dominating set of vertices S of a graph G is connected if the subgraph G[S] is connected. Let γ c (G) denote the size of any smallest connected dominating set in G. Graph G is k-γ-connected-vertex-critical (abbreviated “kcvc”) if \(\gamma_{c}(G)=\nobreak k\) , but if any vertex v is deleted from G, then γ c (G−v)≤k−1.
From Liverpool to Beijing and Chongqing: William Band’s Adventure in Wartime China

Trained at University of Liverpool in both theoretical and experimental physics, William Band accepted in 1929 an appointment at Christian Yenching University in Beijing, China, where he established his career through the 1930s, heading the physics department and nurturing dozens of distinguished Chinese researchers in its MSc program. Despite the Japanese occupation of Beijing in summer 1937, Band continued his work at Yenching—an American property and an oasis of freedom for Chinese students in North China. In the wake of Pearl Harbor, Band joined a breathtaking and successful escape from Yenching, just before the Japanese raid reached the campus. He sought refuge in Communist guerrilla bases in North China, where he taught calculus, college physics, and radio theory to radio technicians of guerrilla forces. After trekking one thousand miles through Japanese occupied areas, escorted by Communist guerrillas, Band arrived first in Yan’an, the Chinese Communist headquarters, where he met and conversed with Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, and then in Chongqing, China’s wartime capital, where he served in the Sino-British Science Cooperation Office to help war-ridden Chinese scientists until his departure for Britain in December 1944. Band’s adventure provides a unique and useful lens to explore uncharted aspects of science in Republican China.
Stigma, discrimination, and substance use among an urban sample men who have sex with men in Massachusetts

Men who have sex with men (MSM) who have intersecting stigmatized identities or characteristics are differentially at risk for acquiring HIV. However, the relationships between specific identities,...
Thermally induced metal-to-insulator transition in Nb O 2 thin films: Modulation of the transition temperature by epitaxial strain

Modification of the carrier dynamics in correlated oxide systems via epitaxial strain is a promising pathway for the practical realization of energy-efficient electronic devices. Here we report on the thermally induced metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) of $\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ films grown on $\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates and the modulation of the MIT temperature via epitaxial strain from the substrate. The metal-insulator transition temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{MIT}}$) increased from 910 to 1066 K with increasing strain. An ultrathin 3.9-nm film consisting of a single strained layer with minimal structural defects yielded a bulklike sharp transition. The substrate-induced strain offers another degree of freedom to improve device functionality of MIT materials.
Editorial Dossier. Estudios Críticos Animales

Proponemos este Dossier porque la cuestion animal es un emergente que nos concierne. Aun a aquellos que lo sienten ajeno, lejano e, incluso, burdo. La convivencia con otras especies y lo que nace fruto de ella nos atraviesa como humanidad, en todo el sentido que alcanza esta palabra. Creimos oportuno invitar a investigadoras e investigadores reconocidos en sus respectivos campos de saber, que estan trabajando el tema desde diversos puntos de Latinoamerica. Y, de esta manera, presentar, desde diversas aristas, que es lo que se esta planteando, discutiendo, revisando y reconstruyendo en torno a los animales no humanos.
Effect of enobosarm on physical function in cancer patients with < or ≥ 5% weight loss in a phase IIb trial.

e19585 Background: Although cachexia has been defined as >5% weight loss, limited data exists on the prevention and treatment of muscle wasting prior to a patient becoming cachectic. Cancer induced...
A History of the Study of Apocrypha in Early Medieval England

Literature written in England between about 500 and 1100 CE attests to a wide range of traditions, although it is clear that Christian sources were the most influential. Biblical apocrypha feature prominently across this corpus of literature, as early English authors clearly relied on a range of extra-biblical texts and traditions related to works under the umbrella of what have been called “Old Testament Pseudepigrapha” and “New Testament/Christian Apocrypha." While scholars of pseudepigrapha and apocrypha have long trained their eyes upon literature from the first few centuries of early Judaism and early Christianity, the medieval period has much to offer. This article presents a survey of significant developments and key threads in the history of scholarship on apocrypha in early medieval England. My purpose is not to offer a comprehensive bibliography, but to highlight major studies that have focused on the transmission of specific apocrypha, contributed to knowledge about medieval uses of apocrypha, and shaped the field from the nineteenth century up to the present. Bringing together major publications on the subject presents a striking picture of the state of the field as well as future directions.
Characterization of a reactor-based fast neutron beam facility for fast neutron imaging

The Ohio State University Research Reactor's (OSURR) fast neutron beamline is aimed to meet the growing demand for high flux and well-collimated neutron sources for fast neutron radiography and tomography applications. The beam facility consists of two collimators, separated by a neutron-gamma shutter, and a movable beam stop, sitting on a rail system for back/forth and up/down motion to provide an adjustable working space. The beam facility provides a beam diameter of 3.2-cm and has a calculated geometric L/D ratio of ~62. The collimator closer to reactor core includes a 10.16-cm thick polycrystalline Bismuth for filtering gamma-rays, which provides ~2 orders of magnitude reduction in gamma flux at 2-MeV, and a 15.24-cm thick graphite with a 3.2-cm diameter aperture. Various Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) simulations were performed to obtain neutron energy spectrum, neutron and gamma flux distributions, and dose rate values. Simulations showed a fast neutron (@1.6 MeV) flux ~5.4 × 107 n·cm-2·s-1 at the collimator exit. While the simulations of neutron and gamma flux distributions have verified that the beam shutter and beam stop provide a decent neutron and gamma shielding, a neutron radiograph of the beam was experimentally obtained using a Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) based plastic scintillator and a lens-based imaging setup which has further validated the simulated radiographs of the beam. Simulations also provided neutron dose rates around the beam stop with a close agreement with experimental values. However, disagreements were found between experimental and simulated gamma flux dose rates, which needs further validation.
Disentangling the effects of efficacy-facilitating informational support on health resilience in online health communities based on phrase-level text analysis

Abstract This study examines the different types of supportive messages posted on a forum at online Healthcare communities (OHCs), which facilitate user self-efficacy and response-efficacy and an issue of how such informational messages encourage users to enhance their health resilience via goal-setting for health improvement. We theorize that self-efficacy-oriented messages affect helpfulness, focusing on the efficiency of the implementation, while response-efficacy-oriented messages influence the relationships among helpfulness, goal-settings, and health resilience based on the outcome expectancy. Using a computer assisted approach which allows for the directed content analysis, we test a conceptual model with the text-data collected from an OHC.
“Mostri Marini”: Constantine S. Rafinesque's names for three of Antonino Mongitore's Sicilian whales

In 1815, the naturalist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (1783–1840) previewed three new species of cetaceans – Delphinus dalippus, Physeter urganantus and Oxypterus mongitori – that he intended to de...
Liquid Metal Based Flexible Electronic Patches for Wearable Device and CT Position Assistant

Electronic skin, which has a wide range of applications in biomedical devices, intelligent robots, and wearable devices, is provided with similar mechanical properties to human tissues. In this research, we developed a rapid preparation method of flexible electronic patches based on liquid metal. This technology uses a laser printer to realize the low-cost fabrication of flexible circuits in a short time. The flexible electronic patches are characterized by high electrical stability and good radiological imaging ability. We use this method to produce flexible patches with good electrical stability for the detection of body surface temperature. Besides, we also made a circular liquid metal flexible patch that could be applied on the surface of substances or the human body, which could realize the accurate localization of the lesions in the body with the help of CT.
Open Surgical Secondary Interventions are More Durable than Endovascular Interventions for Lower Extremity Bypass Stenosis or Occlusion.

Objectives: Lower extremity bypasses often require secondary interventions to maintain patency. Our objectives were to characterize effectiveness of secondary interventions to maintain or restore b...
Approaching the Singularity Behind the Veil of Incomputability: On Algorithmic Governance, the Economist-as-Expert, and the Piecemeal Circumnavigation of the Administrative State

Roger Koppl’s admonishment against design in his book Expert Failure is a product of the richness of the world and the symmetry-breaking properties of time. Koppl grants no special powers of vision to his experts, and thus embeds them in ongoing social process where the consequences of all policies play out in practically computable and fundamentally unknowable ways. So embedded, he demonstrates that expert rule tends to be a public bad rather than a public good. He suggests that a piecemeal deconstruction of the administrative state will grant experts less power, and free rules-making systems from the reign of idealized experts, making them less brittle to bias, ignorance, and small-groups influence. As such, they will better access the political ideal of pluralistic democracy. We call the latter Koppl’s Theorem, and propose a Corollary: rather than the piecemeal deconstruction of the administrative state, the combinatorial explosion of largely intangible computation-based goods heralded by the approach to the technological Singularity shall open ways in which social entrepreneurs can conduct a piecemeal circumnavigation of the administrative state. As both cause and consequence of the latter, untethering expertise from formal state-based institutions shall unlock the value of extra-public social entrepreneurship. We cover computability, complexity, creative processes, and the production of novelty through “togetherness,” a framework for thinking about the value created by knowledge division through time.