cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing email and SNS users: Investigating e-servicescape, customer reviews, trust, loyalty and E-WOM

Abstract For better or worse, satisfied or dissatisfied customers function as trusted branding faces for organizations as they transmit potentially viral messages through E-WOM. These E-WOM messages can prove marketers' best friends or worst enemies, depending on their tenor. With data from actual customers of an e-tailer, this research enriches our understanding of how e-servicescape is linked to E-WOM. E-servicescape captures the online environmental factors of marketers’ websites. Two forms of E-WOM are examined; i.e., emails and social network postings. Customer reviews were investigated as a prospective sub-dimension of e-servicescape. Findings suggest that customer reviews play an integral role in the e-servicescape construct, that e-servicescape positively impacts trust and that trust positively influences E-WOM and customer loyalty. Two groups of customers were compared, and results indicated differences between email and SNS users. Theoretical and managerial insights related to E-WOM and electronic commerce shopping behavior were generated.
Improving Student Reading Through Parents' Implementation of a Structured Reading Program

Parent tutoring offers potential as a means for assisting the large percentage of students who need to improve their reading skills. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a...
Platelet transfusion as treatment for factor V deficiency in the parturient: a case report.

Background Congenital factor V deficiency, also called parahemophilia, is a rare hematological disorder that can be treated with platelet transfusion. Case presentation A 27-year-old G2P0100 with factor V deficiency was admitted for induction of labor and requested labor epidural analgesia. Throughout her hospital course, factor V levels were managed per recommendation from her hematologist, which included transfusing fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to maintain a factor V level of 50% before any neuraxial technique and 40% for postpartum hemostasis. The parturient required multiple transfusions of FFP to stay at this level, which eventually resulted in pulmonary edema. Given the request to maintain high levels of factor V, the parturient was transfused with platelets as an alternative source of factor V. The parturient eventually delivered a healthy neonate without signs of postpartum hemorrhage or epidural hematoma. Conclusion A major learning point from this case is that platelet transfusion is an effective alternative in the management of factor V deficiency. Factor V released by platelets has enhanced procoagulant function, resulting in local factor V concentrations 100 times more than that of plasma, and has a significantly extended half-life. Platelet transfusion should be considered as a therapy in treating parturients with factor V deficiency.
Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Pediatric and Adolescent Clavicular Fractures: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis.

Background:The optimal treatment of displaced middle-third clavicular fractures in pediatric and adolescent patients remains controversial. Furthermore, risk factors for the failure of nonoperative treatment have not been clearly defined. Therefore, we designed a systematic review and critical analy
Complex horticultural quality traits in broccoli are illuminated by evaluation of the immortal BolTBDH mapping population.

Improving horticultural quality in regionally adapted broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and other B. oleracea crops is challenging due to complex genetic control of traits affecting morphology, development, and yield. Mapping horticultural quality traits to genomic loci is an essential step in these improvement efforts. Understanding the mechanisms underlying horticultural quality enables multi-trait marker-assisted selection for improved, resilient, and regionally adapted B. oleracea germplasm. The publicly-available biparental double-haploid BolTBDH mapping population (Chinese kale × broccoli; N = 175) was evaluated for 25 horticultural traits in six trait classes (architecture, biomass, phenology, leaf morphology, floral morphology, and head quality) by multiple quantitative trait loci mapping using 1,881 genotype-by-sequencing derived single nucleotide polymorphisms. The physical locations of 56 single and 41 epistatic quantitative trait locus (QTL) were identified. Four head quality QTL (OQ_C03@57.0, OQ_C04@33.3, OQ_CC08@25.5, and OQ_C09@49.7) explain a cumulative 81.9% of phenotypic variance in the broccoli heading phenotype, contain the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) homologs Bo9g173400 and Bo9g173370, and exhibit epistatic effects. Three key genomic hotspots associated with pleiotropic control of the broccoli heading phenotype were identified. One phenology hotspot reduces days to flowering by 7.0 days and includes an additional FLC homolog Bo3g024250 that does not exhibit epistatic effects with the three horticultural quality hotspots. Strong candidates for other horticultural traits were identified: BoLMI1 (Bo3g002560) associated with serrated leaf margins and leaf apex shape, BoCCD4 (Bo3g158650) implicated in flower color, and BoAP2 (Bo1g004960) implicated in the hooked sepal horticultural trait. The BolTBDH population provides a framework for B. oleracea improvement by targeting key genomic loci contributing to high horticultural quality broccoli and enabling de novo mapping of currently unexplored traits.
Learning hierarchically organized science categories: simultaneous instruction at the high and subtype levels

Most science categories are hierarchically organized, with various high-level divisions comprising numerous subtypes. If we suppose that one’s goal is to teach students to classify at the high level, past research has provided mixed evidence about whether an effective strategy is to require simultaneous classification learning of the subtypes. This past research was limited, however, either because authentic science categories were not tested, or because the procedures did not allow participants to form strong associations between subtype-level and high-level category names. Here we investigate a two-stage response-training procedure in which participants provide both a high-level and subtype-level response on most trials, with feedback provided at both levels. The procedure is tested in experiments in which participants learn to classify large sets of rocks that are representative of those taught in geoscience classes. The two-stage procedure yielded high-level classification performance that was as good as the performance of comparison groups who were trained solely at the high level. In addition, the two-stage group achieved far greater knowledge of the hierarchical structure of the categories than did the comparison controls. In settings in which students are tasked with learning high-level names for rock types that are commonly taught in geoscience classes, it is best for students to learn simultaneously at the high and subtype levels (using training techniques similar to the presently investigated one). Beyond providing insights into the nature of category learning and representation, these findings have practical significance for improving science education.
A Dual-Band Zero-Index Metamaterial Superstrate for Concurrent Antenna Gain Enhancement at 2.4 and 3.5 GHz

The classical printed monopole antenna exhibits wideband operation with low gain and an omnidirectional radiation pattern. In order to boost the gain of the antenna at two frequency bands, a novel ...
Perioperative Outcomes of Single vs Multi-Port Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: A Single Institutional Experience.

Purpose:Surgical approach to radical prostatectomy has evolved due to advances in minimally invasive surgery, with most contemporary approaches involving the Si or Xi multi-port robotic systems. U....
Racial, ethnic, and healthcare disparities in rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose of review This review highlights the available data describing racial and ethnic health disparities among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States from an epidemiological, disease activity, and wider socioeconomic standpoint. Recent findings Despite centralized government initiatives to include more underrepresentative minority populations into research, many of the studies that examined rheumatoid arthritis still fail to include sizeable cohorts of races or ethnic groups other than whites. Evidence is slowly mounting that individual, provider, and system-level barriers exist and contribute to unequal care that leads to poorer outcomes amongst patients with rheumatoid arthritis. As rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease, early treatment is crucial to delay functional decline - a narrow window for many minority patients who are disproportionality affected by disability. Summary To combat the inequality that exists amongst rheumatoid arthritis patients we must focus on why discrepancies exist on every level, system, physician, patient, and illness. Further research is needed to tease the complex interplay between race, social economic status, medical access, and outcomes to explain the disparities found in rheumatoid arthritis.
Keynes Did Not Use Pigou as a Strawman in the General Theory: Pigou Was Trapped by His Marshallian, Partial Equilibrium Approach in His 1933 the Theory of Unemployment

The economics profession’s failure to recognize that Keynes’s IS-LP(LM) model of chapters 15 and 21 of the General Theory, incorporating Uncertainty and Expectations, is the main message of the General Theory, has led to the failure to recognize that Keynes’s critique of Pigou’s partial equilibrium, the Marshallian model of the macroeconomy, as presented in Chapter Two and the Appendix to chapter 19, is not only entirely correct but understated. Keynes recognized Pigou’s treatment as the best that had been produced up to that time by any of the neoclassical economists. However, Pigou could not model any of the interdependencies of the macroeconomy because he had basically been operating with functions with only one, independent variable-the real wage. Pigou had no Liquidity Preference Function (LM function). He had no clearly defined consumption function with an MPC that would allow him to apply the investment multiplier. Pigou’s theory of the rate of interest was that the rate of interest was determined by the neoclassical Demand for investment and supply of savings, exactly what Keynes had shown was impossible on pp.179-182 of the GT and which Keynes described as a “nonsense” theory. At best, Pigou was operating with a poorly specified IS equation alone. Keynes’s Appendix to chapter 19 is actually very straightforward because it demonstrates repeatedly that Pigou’s macro version of his micro model is simply incorrectly specified and allows no accurate calculation of either aggregate output or aggregate income to be made. Keynes does acknowledge Pigou’s microeconomic structure, which he calls ‘concoctions’, as being valuable. Keynes, in fact, improved Pigou’s mathematical modelling in a manner that allowed him to specify and incorporate expectations and uncertainty into his D-Z model that lead to the specification of a set of multiple equilibria, which Keynes called the Aggregate Supply Curve. This model supports the IS-LP(LM) model.
Einwegkunststoff im Fokus des Gesetzgebers

Im Lichte der Richtlinie (EU) 2019/904 uber die Verringerung der Auswirkungen bestimmter Kunststoffprodukte auf die Umwelt hat der nationale Gesetzgeber eine neue Einwegkunststoffverbotsverordnung und eine neue Einwegkunststoffkennzeichnungsverordnung beschlossen und parallel dazu auch Anpassungen am Verpackungsgesetz vorgesehen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die Anwendungsbereiche und Regelungen der beiden neuen Verordnungen vor und ordnet die geplanten Anderungen am Verpackungsgesetz in den Gesamtkontext ein.
Polymeric Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery of Polyphenols.

Polyphenols comprises of a large group of naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites having various nutritional and health benefits. They are safe and are found abundantly in the diet. Current research on polyphenols focuses on their mechanism and their benefits on the human health. However, due to their low solubility and bioavailability, delivery from conventional route has been a challenge and their translation into clinical applications has been limited. Topical and transdermal delivery of polymeric nanoparticles will act as a novel therapeutic approach for promising delivery of polyphenols. In this review, we have evaluated the existing scientific literature and summarized the potential use of polymeric nanoparticles as a carrier for polyphenolic compounds for delivery via topical and transdermal routes for the treatment of skin cancers such as melanoma.
Dosimetric Outcomes for Multiple Intracranial Targets Treated Simultaneously With LINAC-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery as Dictated by Beam Energy, MLC Leaf Width, and Prescribed Isodose Level.

Purpose/Objective(s) LINAC-based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is often used for treating intracranial tumors. This study aims to evaluate methods for planning multiple brain tumors treated simultaneously with a single isocenter, with dosimetric outcomes as dictated by beam energy, multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf width, and prescribed Isodose Level (IDL). Materials/Methods Multiple hypothetical target lesions of varying sizes were contoured on brain MRI images of an index patient to be treated simultaneously in one treatment. The PTVs were constructed to be within 4 respective categories ( 12 Gy (V12) and the dose Gradient Index (GI) - defined as the ratio between volume receiving > 50% of prescribed dose (V50%) and PTV volume. Tumor dose inhomogeneity was analyzed with maximum dose (Dmax) deposited, while conformity was assessed via Conformity Index (CI). Treatment beam-on time to cover all four tumors was also compared. The independent variables of beam energy, MLC leaf width, and prescribed IDL were each held constant when the variable in question was analyzed, with mean relative differences of the dosimetry determined for all 4 lesions of respective volumes. Results The 4 PTV volumes contoured were 0.24, 0.57, 1.45 and 4.50 cc. Compared to 10X-FFF, the 6X-FFF plans have lower CI by 2.35% ± 2.56%, lower GI by 11.90% ± 2.91%, lower V12 by 15.14% ± 3.84%, and longer beam-on time by 72.69% ± 2.15%. The Dmax was lower by 1.50 ± 0.94%. Compared to 0.5cm MLC leaf-width, the 0.25cm plans have lower CI by 5.60% ± 2.19%, lower GI by 13.53% ± 5.20%, lower V12 by 20.00% ± 4.51%, and longer beam-on time by 1.65% ± 1.49%. The Dmax was lower by 1.50% ± 0.94%. Compared to the 90% prescribed IDL, the 80% plans have lower CI by 4.30% ± 2.72%, lower GI by 22.36% ± 4.57%, lower V12 by 33.81% ± 2.38%, and longer beam-on time by 12.61% ± 1.69%. The Dmax was higher by 12.95% ± 1.57%. Conclusion This study showed that lower beam energy plans, thinner MLC leaf size, and lower prescribed IDL may provide better brain sparing but incur longer beam-on times. While we have previously shown similar findings for individual tumors treated asynchronously with respective isocenters, this study illustrates the utility in treating multiple intracranial targets at once. This may prove useful for LINAC-based SRS practitioners seeking to customize treatment strategy based on how these variables affect tumor coverage, normal tissue sparing, or treatment duration. Author Disclosure B.K. Lee: Employee; Amgen. J. Zhang: Independent Contractor; Veterans Affairs Hospital. W. Inouye: None. W.W. Lien: None.
Research in Caregiving

Between 1950 and 2050, the proportion of those aged 65 years and older in the population will more than double (Himes, Elderly Americans, 2001). As the population ages, the likelihood of frailty, dementia, and disabling illness increases. This unprecedented growth in the elderly population in need of support presents multiple challenges for society and in particular, for families who are frequently called upon to act as caregivers for impaired spouses, parents, and siblings. A tremendous degree of burden and psychological distress are associated with the caregiving role (Schulz et al., Gerontologist 35:771–791, 1995). For this reason, research is essential to identify those caregivers who are most susceptible to adverse outcomes and to identify and alleviate the burden associated with different aspects of the caregiving experience. Furthermore, innovative caregiving research can lead to the development of constructive interventions that will aid families, older adults, and society at large.
A cautiously optimistic vision for marker-assisted breeding.

Even though marker-assisted selection now plays a prominent role in the field of plant breeding, examples of successful, practical outcomes are rare. It is clear that DNA markers hold great promise, but realizing that promise remains elusive. Despite innovations like better marker systems and improved genetic mapping strategies, most marker associations are not sufficiently robust for successful marker-assisted selection. In large part this is due to inadequate experimental design. Molecular breeders must reassess their research programs so that DNA marker work leads to useful selection tools and valuable germplasm. As molecular breeders adopt more rigorous experimental guidelines and ambitious goals, they also need to integrate the growing body of knowledge from genomics and bioinformatics.
Ramsey, Norman F.: Origins of Magnetic Resonance

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Earliest Searches for a Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility on Frequency 3 Space Quantization When the Direction of a Magnetic Field Changes 4 First Attempts to Observe Magnetic Resonance in Condensed Matter 5 Transitions Induced by Passage of Molecules Through Differently Oriented Magnetic Fields 6 Molecular Beam Magnetic Resonance Methods 7 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Experiments in Condensed Matter 8 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments in Condensed Matter 9 Chemical Shifts, Nuclear Magnetic Shielding and Electron-Coupled Nuclear Spin–Spin Interactions 10 Biographical Sketch
Cutting Edge: Activation of HIV-1 Transcription by the MHC Class II Transactivator

Both macrophages and activated CD4+ T cells can be productively infected by HIV-1, and both cell types express MHC class II molecules. Expression of MHC class II proteins in these cells is regulated by a specific transcriptional coactivator, the class II transactivator (CIITA). In this study, we report for the first time that CIITA expression profoundly influences HIV-1 replication. Stable expression of CIITA in Jurkat cells markedly increased 1) HIV-1 replication as assessed by the p24 Ag production and 2) luciferase expression after transfection with full-length provirus or long terminal repeat constructs. Similarly, transient expression of CIITA increased provirus expression as well as long terminal repeat promoter activity in 293 and HeLa-T4 cells. In contrast, mutant forms of CIITA did not increase HIV-1 expression. This study shows that expression of CIITA increases HIV-1 replication through a transcriptional mechanism.
Kernel Sliced Inverse Regression: Regularization and Consistency

Kernel sliced inverse regression (KSIR) is a natural framework for nonlinear dimension reduction using the mapping induced by kernels. However, there are numeric, algorithmic, and conceptual subtleties in making the method robust and consistent. We apply two types of regularization in this framework to address computational stability and generalization performance. We also provide an interpretation of the algorithm and prove consistency. The utility of this approach is illustrated on simulated and real data.
Quality of Partnerships in Service Provision for Korean American Parents of Children With Disabilities: A Qualitative Inquiry

The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the perspectives of 10 Korean American parents of children with disabilities about their partnerships with professionals with whom they work...
Herpetic stromal disease: Response to acyclovir/steroid therapy

The efficacy of combined acyclovir and steroid therapy in the treatment of herpetic stromal disease was evaluated by clinical evaluation of disease, the rebound of disease following termination of therapy, and the recovery of virus and viral DNA from corneas in a rabbit model. Therapy with acyclovir alone produced a significant reduction in corneal thickness in 10% of eyes. Addition of steroid to acyclovir therapy decreased the severity of stromal disease as measured by corneal thickness and increased the frequency of response to treatment to 63% of eyes. All eyes receiving acyclovir alone experienced rebound of disease following termination of therapy. Combined therapy increased the severity of rebound of corneal disease. Virus was recovered from cell cultures established after recovery from rebound in 50% of untreated and treated eyes. Viral DNA was detected by PCR in five of the nine corneal cultures which did not produce infectious virus.
Effects of Adaptation on Neural Coding by Primary Sensory Interneurons in the Cricket Cercal System

Methods of stochastic systems analysis were applied to examine the effect of adaptation on frequency encoding by two functionally identical primary interneurons of the cricket cercal system. Stimulus reconstructions were obtained from a linear filtering transformation of spike trains elicited in response to bursts of broadband white noise air current stimuli (5-400 Hz). Each linear reconstruction was compared with the actual stimulus in the frequency domain to obtain a measure of waveform coding accuracy as a function of frequency. The term adaptation in this paper refers to the decrease in firing rate of a cell after the onset or increase in power of a white noise stimulus. The increase in firing rate after stimulus offset or decrease in stimulus power is assumed to be a complementary aspect of the same phenomenon. As the spike rate decreased during the course of adaptation, the total amount of information carried about the velocity waveform of the stimulus also decreased. The quality of coding of frequencies between 70 and 400 Hz decreased dramatically. The quality of coding of frequencies between 5 and 70 Hz decreased only slightly or even increased in some cases. The disproportionate loss of information about the higher frequencies could be attributed in part to the more rapid loss of spikes correlated with high-frequency stimulus components than of spikes correlated with low-frequency components. An increase in the responsiveness of a cell to frequencies > 70 Hz was correlated with a decrease in the ability of that cell to encode frequencies in the 5-70 Hz range. This nonlinear property could explain the improvement seen in some cases in the coding accuracy of frequencies between 5 and 70 Hz during the course of adaptation. Waveform coding properties also were characterized for fully adapted neurons at several stimulus intensities. The changes in coding observed through the course of adaptation were similar in nature to those found across stimulus powers. These changes could be accounted for largely by a change in neural sensitivity. The effect of adaptation on the coding of stimulus power was examined by measuring the response curves to steps in stimulus power before and after exposure to an adapting stimulus. Adaptation caused a loss of information about the mean stimulus power but did not cause any improvement in the coding of changes in stimulus power. The unadapted response of the cells did not show any saturation even at the highest powers used in these experiments.
Parathyromatosis as cause of recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism: a cytologic diagnosis.

Parathyromatosis is a rare cause of hyperparathyroidism. It can be divided into two types: primary and secondary. The pathologic lesion consists of multiple small nodules of hypercellular parathyroid tissue strewn in soft tissue (fat, skeletal muscle, fibrous tissue) of the neck. We present a case of parathyromatosis occurring in a patient with recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism 4 yr after parathyroidectomy. The diagnosis was confirmed preoperatively by fine-needle aspiration of one of several neck masses.
Direct effect of plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) on the metabolic clearance rate of 17β-estradiol in the primate

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) has been shown to be a major determinant of testosterone clearance in the primate. It has also been suggested that SHBG would also be a determinant of estradiol clearance (MCR-E2). However, published studies have suggested that the MCR-E2 do not always vary with changes in the level of SHBG. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to address this issue. The baseline MCR-E2 was determined in adult male pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Following the baseline determination of MCR-E2 the animals were infused with either purified human (h) SHBG or antibody against hSHBG, which also has a high degree of cross-reactivity with primate SHBG. Following the infusions of either hSHBG or anti-SHBG, MCR-E2 was again determined. In addition, luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured using a mouse Leydig cell bioassay. Following the infusion of hSHBG, a marked increase in serum SHBG was noted and the MCR-E2 decreased. Associated with the increase in SHBG, the SHBG bound T levels decreased and LH increased. Following the infusion of antibody, serum SHBG decreased, and the MCR-E2 also decreased. With the decrease in SHBG following the antibody infusion, non-SHBG bound T increased and serum LH fell. This study demonstrates that an increase in the serum SHBG levels is associated with a decrease in MCR-E2, however, an acute decrease in serum SHBG also decreases the MCR-E2. This later result demonstrates that factors in addition to serum SHBG binding may be important in determining the MCR-E2.
Molecular basis of a mouse strain-specific anti-hapten response

The response of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice to immunization with proteins coupled to (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) is dominated by distinctly different sets of antibodies. The VH gene family previously shown to be involved in the C57BL/6 response has now been shown to have highly homologous counterparts in BALB/c but of five sequenced BALB/c VH regions, none appeared likely to be able to encode an NP-binding protein. The active VH region from a BALB/c hybridoma making a characteristic anti-NP antibody was recovered and sequenced and shown to be quite different from the VH gene family involved in the C57BL/6 response. Comparison of the variation of the closely related VH regions between the two mouse strains showed that there are separate types of evolutionary pressures on the framework and complementarity-determining regions. The molecular basis for strain-specific immune responses appears to be that the structural divergence of VH regions between mouse strains is great enough that different strains use different VH regions for making the predominant class of antibodies to a specific hapten.
Acoustic wave propagation through flows with vorticity

Periodic solutions of the linearized Euler equations, used for the study of sound propagation, are sought. If the velocity field is assumed to be irrotational it is known that, under reasonable hypotheses, the resulting boundary value problem is well posed. In this work the irrotational assumption is dropped and it is demonstrated that the problem can still be well posed. A finite element procedure for the calculation of the solutions is proposed and some numerical examples are presented.
Pressure-induced bonding and compound formation in xenon–hydrogen solids

Closed electron shell systems, such as hydrogen, nitrogen or group 18 elements, can form weakly bound stoichiometric compounds at high pressures. An understanding of the stability of these van der Waals compounds is lacking, as is information on the nature of their interatomic interactions. We describe the formation of a stable compound in the Xe-H(2) binary system, revealed by a suite of X-ray diffraction and optical spectroscopy measurements. At 4.8 GPa, a unique hydrogen-rich structure forms that can be viewed as a tripled solid hydrogen lattice modulated by layers of xenon, consisting of xenon dimers. Varying the applied pressure tunes the Xe-Xe distances in the solid over a broad range from that of an expanded xenon lattice to the distances observed in metallic xenon at megabar pressures. Infrared and Raman spectra indicate a weakening of the intramolecular covalent bond as well as persistence of semiconducting behaviour in the compound to at least 255 GPa.
Amine-Functionalized Graphene for Natural Gas Sweetening

Natural gas is often contaminated with acid gases; commonly hydrogen sulfide (H2S) andcarbon dioxide (CO2). In addition to their offensive odor and high toxicity, acid gases can cause serious corrosion problems in a gas plant due to their acidic nature and may reduce the efficiency of gas treatment processes. Therefore, several natural gas sweetening processes have been developed for the removal of acid gases. In present work, we report the employment of amine-functionalized graphene hybrid for adsorption of acid gases. Graphene was selected as a solid sorbent due to its very high specific surface area and ability to undergo various chemical transformations.Considering high affinity of amines towards H2S, an aminated polymer, polyethylenimine (PEI) was used as a functionalizing agent. The resulting hybrids were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis, X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). These hybrids are envisioned as materials with high H2S sorption capacities and hold great promise in natural gas sweetening applications.
Activity streams: building context to coordinate writing activity in collaborative teams

This paper evaluates the features and benefits of a new kind of writing tool -- activity streams -- for use by collaborative writing teams engaged in distributed work. Activity streams are continuously updated, shared records of project activity that include explicit references to project participants, shared objects, and actions performed over time. Drawing on case studies of distributed work in multiple settings conducted by the authors, the cases are discussed in relation to the affordances of activity streams in areas related to coordinating work.
Characterization of Isoflavones in Membrane‐processed Soy Protein Concentrate

: Aqueous soy flour solutions (5% w/w) were treated for 3 h at 45 to 50 °C with Crystalzyme®, without enzyme at 45 to 50 °C, or blanched at 80 °C. Solutions were ultra- and dia-filtered to produce membrane soy concentrates (MSC). Total isoflavones of MSCs were 3.02 mg/g, 3.12 mg/g, or 3.42 mg/g, respectively, on a dry weight basis. Membrane processing contributed to approximately 18, 15, or 8% decreases, respectively, in total isoflavones of MSCs compared with soy flour (3.71mg/g). This represents at least an 82% recovery. There was no significant difference in total isoflavone content in any MSC, however the profile of isoflavones as glucosides or aglycones changed with treatment conditions.
Joint time-dependent density-functional theory for excited states of electronic systems in solution

We present a joint time-dependent density-functional theory for the description of solute-solvent systems in time-dependent external potentials. Starting with the exact quantum-mechanical action functional for both electrons and nuclei, we systematically eliminate solvent degrees of freedom and thus arrive at coarse-grained action functionals that retain the highly accurate ab initiodescription for the solute and are, in principle, exact. This procedure allows us to examine approximations underlying popular embedding theories for excited states. Finally, we introduce an approximate action functional for the solute-water system and compute the solvatochromic shift of the lowest singlet excited state of formaldehyde in aqueous solution, which is in good agreement with experimental findings.
HIGH-ENERGY X-RAY MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES FOR LASER-FUSION PLASMA RESEARCH AT THE NATIONAL IGNITION FACILITY

Multi-kilo-electron-volt x-ray microscopy will be an important laser-produced plasma diagnostic at future megajoule facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF). However, laser energies and plasma characteristics imply that x-ray microscopy will be more challenging at NIF than at existing facilities. We use analytical estimates and numerical ray tracing to investigate several instrumentation options in detail, and we conclude that near-normal-incidence single spherical or toroidal crystals may offer the best general solution for high-energy x-ray microscopy at NIF and similar large facilities. Apertured Kirkpatrick-Baez microscopes using multilayer mirrors may also be good options, particularly for applications requiring one-dimensional imaging over narrow fields of view.
Determination of ATP in chlorella with the luciferin-luciferase enzyme system

Abstract A method for measuring ATP based on the firefly luciferin-luciferase reaction is described. The method involves a 30 second integration of the light produced following mixing of the sample and enzyme. The relationship between light measured and quantity of ATP present is linear over at least a thousandfold concentration range, with less than a 2% relative standard deviation. The method of light measurement includes the peak intensity of the initial flash and a portion of the signal which follows. Therefore, the peak intensity of the initial flash alone is not necessarily the most reliable basis for measurement of ATP. The method uses a commercially available luciferin-luciferase preparation without further purification. The level of sensitivity is equal to that reported for purified luciferin-luciferase preparations. The method of constant addition for quantitation of ATP in plant extracts is described. The lack of specificity associated with the luciferin-luciferase reaction is controlled by this method.
The nucleosome core particle: does it have structural and physiologic relevance?

Although the nucleosomal core particle has been extensively studied as the basic building block of chromatin, the biological significance of a unit carrying exactly 146 bp of DNA remains unclear. Herein, we present data to show that the histone octamer can stably accommodate anywhere from about 100 to 170 bp of DNA. The unfolded structures containing less than 146 bp may well be of greater biological importance than the canonical core particle.
Bioavailability of inorganic and methylmercury to a marine deposit-feeding polychaete

We measured the assimilation efficiencies (AEs) from various types of sediments and the uptake rate constants from the dissolved phase of inorganic mercury (Hg(II)) and methylmercury (CH3Hg(II)) in...
Genotype-Environment Correlations for Language-Related Abilities Implications for Typical and Atypical Learners

Recent behavioral genetic research has shown that genetic propensities are associated with individual differences in experiences, and thus, what may appear to be environmental effects can reflect genetic influence. This study examines passive genotype-environment correlations (GECs) for language-related abilities by comparing environment-child language associations in adoptive and nonadoptive families. The results provide evidence for the genetic mediation of the association between home environmental variables, such as the provision of toys and games, maternal involvement, and degree of intellectual/cultural orientation with children's language-related abilities. Developmental changes in passive GECs are considered, and the implications for typical and atypical learners are discussed.
Turning behavior of mice with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the striatum: Effects of apomorphine, l-DOPA, amantadine, amphetamine and other psychomotor stimulants ☆

Abstract A simple and rapid technique of destroying the dopaminergic nerve terminals in the corpus striatum of the mouse has been developed. After unilateral injections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum, mice exhibited marked ipsilateral reductions in forebrain dopamine concentrations and turned preferentially toward the side of the lesion (ipsilateral turning). Several psychomotor stimulants ((+)- and (−)-amphetamine, amantadine, caffeine, amfonelic acid, pipradrol and methylphenidate) increased the ipsilateral turning; morphine and clonidine were without effect. Apomorphine and l -DOPA, in doses too low to produce motor stimulation, caused contralateral turning. Turning evoked by (+)-amphetamine, but not by apomorphine, was blocked by α-methyltyrosine. Turning behavior as performed in these experiments is a simple but very sensitive index of central dopaminergic receptor stimulation.
Design and control tradeoffs for rockbins in passively solar heated houses with trombe walls, direct gain and high solar fractions

Abstract Performances of active and passive rockbins are compared in Albuquerque, NM, Santa Maria, CA, and Madison, WI. The basic house is assumed to contain both Trombe wall and direct gain. The Trombe wall and direct gain are assumed to be optimally sized and controlled for each weather zone. It is demonstrated that, provided charging is done from the trombe wall, rockbins can be used to advantage in reducing the early morning auxiliary energy consumption peak common to passive houses with night setback thermostats. The paper also analyzes performance sensitivity to rockbin configuration (active, radiant slab top down charge, radiant slab bottom up charge), and to control strategies for charging and discharging. Effects of fan energy are included.
Estimation of Hepatic Blood Flow in Branches of Hepatic Vessels Utilizing a Noninvasive, Duplex Doppler Method

The measurement of hepatic blood flow by indirect methods such as indocyanine green clearance has several limitations. The duplex Doppler offers the potential for noninvasive, real-time measurement of blood flow and has been employed in the evaluation of arterial disease in a variety of vascular beds. We evaluated Doppler ultrasound estimation of blood flow in branches of the hepatic artery, hepatic vein, and portal vein in 12 healthy subjects on two separate days. In vitro accuracy of the scanner was assessed using phantom targets of known diameter and velocity. Blood velocity and vessel diameter measurements were obtained five times over a period of 2 hours. No significant differences were seen in velocity or blood flow measurements within or between days. The interday coefficients of variation, which include intrasubject variability, were 10-15% and 14-20% for velocity and blood flow measurements, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential utility of Doppler ultrasound to detect intrinsic, drug, or disease-induced changes in hepatic blood flow.
Racial differences in encounter rates for otitis media.

Summary: In 1975–1976, an experiment was performed at three sites of an HMO to investigate the effect of a protocol on drug prescribing for otitis media. A large and unexpected difference in encounter rates for otitis media was found among the sites. In the first 6 months of 1975, the rate of children less than 15 years with at least one encounter for otitis media at site EI was 155 per 1000 children, compared to 15 per 1000 at site EII. During the study period, most of the patients at site EII were black. The purpose of this paper is to alert readers to factors that affect the rates of disease in clinical practice, to encourage others to suggest reasons for the difference, and to encourage research. Several explanations were investigated to explain the differences: (1) miscoding; (2) age differences; (3) payment status; (4) diagnostic style; (5) differences in encounters per episode; and (6) social differences. Encounters of purulent otitis media were probably not systematically miscoded. The age distribution within the sites was almost identical. The difference in the encounter rates was even greater for children less than 15 years when only the enrolled population was examined. National incidence rates of otitis media showed rates for all ages for whites were 4.1% and for blacks 2.5%. The average number of encounters per episode was 1.4 at all of the study sites. Enrolled children at site EI had higher encounter rates for all reasons than children at site EII. Differences in diagnostic style may account for part of the difference in otitis media between the sites. Differences in encounter rates may also be due to real differences in disease occurrence between blacks and whites, differences in the perception of car infection, and differences in the tendency to visit a physician for ear problems. Speculation: Large differences in encounter rates for otitis media between blacks and whites were partially explained and raise related questions such as: (1) what is the real difference in the rates of otitis media between blacks and whites? (2) how much variation in the encounter rates for this common disorder, which leads to prescribing expensive and potentially hazardous drugs, is due to variations in physician diagnosis? (3) what can be done to rationalize diagnostic styles? (4) did the patients at site EI receive too much care, or did the patients at site EH receive too little care?
The two "faces" of Antillean prostitution.

Prostitutes who operate in the refinery town of St. Nicholas, the second largest urban center in Aruba, Netherlands Antilles, fall into two categories: temporary migrants from Colombia, who live and work for 3-month periods in the saloon-cribs along the main street; and permanently resident Dominican Republicans, who live and work in the village ghetto. The Colombians receive encomia, the Dominican Republicans, opprobria. In addition to addressing the differential statuses, prognoses, and earnings of the two groups, this paper also examines the historical background to the development of the differential assessments and offers ethnographic support for the continuation of the structural oppositions that separate the two groups. It is suggested that local perceptions of “other” people (including prostitutes) are tied to specific social and economic circumstances. Variables such as economic competition, ethnicity, length of employment in a low-status occupation, and the generally favored position accorded to “people like us,” in contrast to the negative attitude held toward “people like them,” are examined in terms of their relevance to the differential status of the two groups. It is also suggested that the underlying as well as the overt bases for these stereotypical ascriptions may have broader applicability: differential rather than unilateral assessments may indeed be the norm rather than a peculiarly Antillean perception.
Phenomenology: Its use in nursing research

As nurses begin to recognize the incongruities between their philosophy of nursing and their research methods, growing acceptance of phenomenology as an alternative research method is occurring. This trend is evidenced by the increase in publications of phenomenological research studies in nursing literature. The purpose of this article is to review (a) some philosophical and methodological issues of phenomenology and (b) the use of phenomenology in nursing research. The studies reviewed in this article illustrate the breadth of applicability of this qualitative method for nursing. Phenomenological research has been conducted with persons ranging from adolescents to the oldest old. Diverse clinical specialties of nursing have already proven fertile areas for phenomenological research such as medical-surgical, maternal-child, gerontological, and emergency room nursing.
Polypharmacy in hospitalized older adult cancer patients: experience from a prospective, observational study of an oncology-acute care for elders unit.

Abstract Background: A novel Oncology-Acute Care for Elders (OACE) unit that uses an interdisciplinary team to enhance recognition and management of geriatric syndromes in hospitalized older adult cancer patients has been established at Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St. Louis, Missouri). The OACE team includes a clinical pharmacist whose primary role is to improve the appropriateness of prescribing. Objective: Using polypharmacy as the prototypical geriatric syndrome addressed by the OACE team, the objective of this study was to document the processes of communication of an interdisciplinary team and the impact on polypharmacy when the treating physician did not participate in the daily interdisciplinary team rounds. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study of older cancer patients admitted to the OACE unit. We tracked processes and outcomes of interdisciplinary communication regarding medications by prospectively recording OACE team recommendations and evaluating the frequency of implementation of these recommendations through a chart review. Treating physicians, who did not attend team rounds, received these recommendations on a communication form placed in the patient's chart. Results: Forty–seven patients were included in the study. The mean (SD) age was 73.5 (7.5) years. Twenty–one percent (10/47) of patients were prescribed ≥1 Beers medication as part of their home-care regimen before admission to the OACE unit. The OACE team made 51 medication recommendations, and 42 of those recommendations (82%) were implemented. Twenty–five patients (53%) had an alteration in their medication regimen; 13 (28%) had a potentially inappropriate medication discontinued. A medication error was corrected in ~1 of every 8 patients (6/47 [13%]). Conclusions: We found that polypharmacy was common in older cancer patients and increased during hospitali-zation. We also found that most OACE team recommendations communicated to physicians were implemented even though the primary physicians were not members of the OACE team. Future randomized trials are needed to assess the impact of the OACE team model of care on adverse events, survival, and cost in hospitalized older adult cancer patients.
Evaluation of Molybdenum and Tungsten Metathesis Catalysts for Homogeneous Tandem Alkane Metathesis

Over 40 molybdenum and tungsten imido alkylidene mono(alkoxide) mono(pyrrolide) (MAP) or bis(alkoxide) olefin metathesis catalysts were examined in combination with Ir-based pincer-type catalysts for the metathesis of n-octane. The imido group, alkoxide, and metal in the metathesis catalysts were all found to be important variables. The best catalyst was W(NAr)(CHR)(OSiPh3)2 (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), which performed about twice as well as the only previously employed catalyst, Mo(NAr)(CHR)[OCMe(CF3)2]2. Product yields decreased at temperatures greater than 125 °C, most likely because of the instability of the metathesis catalysts at such temperatures. POCOP Ir catalysts gave higher yields than PCP Ir catalysts, although the latter exhibited some selectivity for formation of tetradecane. Eight catalysts were synthesized in situ through addition of alcohols to bis(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) complexes; in situ catalysts were shown to perform approximately as well as the isolated complexes, which suggests tha...
Ion transport and storage in ionic polymer bending actuators

The actuation of ionic polymer actuators is mainly caused by the ion transport and excess ions storage in the membrane and electrodes. To quantify the charge transport behavior, a time domain method based on Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations was applied. The time domain transient current in response to a step voltage can provide insights on the charge transport and storage behaviors in the membranes. In this study, we investigate the charge transport behavior of Aquivion ionomer with different uptakes of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMI-Tf). A critical uptake and voltage independent of charge transport behavior were observed. The results also show that bending actuations of the Aquivion membrane with 40wt% EMI-Tf is much larger than that of Nafion, indicating that the shorter flexible side chain ionomer possesses a better electromechanical coupling between the excess ions and the membrane backbones, while not affect the actuation speed.