cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cancer and occupation in Massachusetts: A death certificate study

This study examines cancer mortality patterns by occupation for white males in Massachusetts using 1971-1973 death records. Its purpose is to identify occupation-cancer associations that, when interpreted in conjunction with results from other studies and hypotheses about potential occupational carcinogens, can serve as leads for more definitive etiological investigations. Sixty-two malignancy categories (including grouped categories) were investigated for each of 397 occupational categories (including grouped categories) using an age-standardized mortality odds ratio approach. An important finding was the association between lung cancer and a large number of occupations for which there is support from other epidemiologic studies and/or for which there are reasonable hypotheses as to possible carcinogenic exposures. These occupations include truck drivers, painters, machinists, automobile mechanics, plumbers, cooks, fishermen, heated metal workers, sheet metal workers, and brickmasons/stonemasons/tile setters.
Nonlinear Oscillations of a Particle in the Plane Under Longitudinal End Excitation

We study the forced vibrations of a two degree of freedom lumped parameter model of a belt span under longitudinal excitation. The belt inertia is modelled as a particle and the belt elasticity is modelled by two identical linear springs. Numerical integration is used to calculate free responses and perform frequency and amplitude sweeps. Frequency sweep results indicate parametric resonances, jump phenomena, sub- and super-harmonic responses, quasiperiodicity and chaos. Amplitude sweep at a low frequency shows bifurcations of limit cycles and the period doubling route to chaos. Poincare sections are computed to show the chaotic nature of the responses.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Mapping frequencies of endogenous oxidative damage and the kinetic response to oxidative stress in a region of rat mtDNA

Genomic DNA is constantly being damaged and repaired and our genomes exist at lesion equilibrium for damage created by endogenous mutagens. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has the highest lesion equilibrium frequency recorded; presumably due to damage by H2O2 and free radicals generated during oxidative phosphorylation processes. We measured the frequencies of single strand breaks and oxidative base damage in mtDNA by ligation-mediated PCR and a quantitative Southern blot technique coupled with digestion by the enzymes endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase. Addition of 5 mM alloxan to cultured rat cells increased the rate of oxidative base damage and, by several fold, the lesion frequency in mtDNA. After removal of this DNA damaging agent from culture, the single strand breaks and oxidative base damage frequency decreased to levels slightly below normal at 4 h and returned to normal levels at 8 h, the overshoot at 4 h being attributed to an adaptive up-regulation of mitochondrial excision repair activity. Guanine positions showed the highest endogenous lesion frequencies and were the most responsive positions to alloxan-induced oxidative stress. Although specific bases were consistently hot spots for damage, there was no evidence that removal of these lesions occurred in a strand-specific manner. The data reveal non-random oxidative damage to several nucleotides in mtDNA and an apparent adaptive, non-strand selective response for removal of such damage. These are the first studies to characterize oxidative damage and its subsequent removal at the nucleotide level in mtDNA.
The morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystallized from blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(ethyl acrylate)

A combined optical and electron microscopical study has been carried out of the crystallization habits of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF2) when it is crystallized from blends with noncrystallizable poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA). The PVF2/PEA weight ratios were 0.5/99.5,5/95, and 15/85. Isothermal crystallization upon cooling the blends from the single-phase liquid region was carried out in the range 135–155°C, in which the polymer crystallizes in the α-orthorhombic unit cell form. The 0.5/99.5 blend yielded multilayered and planar lamellar crystals. The lamellae formed at low undercoolings were lozenge shaped and bounded laterally by {110} faces. This habit is prototypical of the dendritic lateral habits exhibited by the crystals grown from the same blend at high undercoolings as well as by the constituent lamellae in the incipient spherulitic aggregates and banded spherulites that formed from the 5/95 and the 15/85 blends, respectively. In contrast with the planar crystals grown from the 0.5/99.5 blend, the formation of the aggregates grown from the 5/95 blend is governed by a conformationally complex motif of dendritic lamellar growth and proliferation. The development of these aggregates is characterized by the twisting of the orientation of lamellae about their preferential b-axis direction of growth, coupled with a fan-like splaying or spreading of lamellae about that axis. The radial growth in the banded spherulites formed from the 15/85 blend is governed by a radially periodic repetition of a similar lamellar twisting/fan-like spreading growth motif whose recurrence corresponds to the extinction band spacing. This motif differs in its fan-like splaying component from banding due to just a helicoidal twisting of lamellae about the radial direction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Water lecithin binding in lecithin-water lamellar phases at 20°C

Abstract 1 H and 31 P continuous wave and spin-echo NMR measurements have been made on lecithin-water mixtures as a function of water content at 20 °C. An analysis of the data demonstrates the existence of two water environments, lecithin bound and free. Conclusions are presented concerning the stoichiometry and kinetics of the binding. The results indicate that six molecules of water are bound to one lecithin molecule and the lifetime of the bound water is 6·10 −5 ±3·10 −5 s.
Perineal dermatitis versus pressure ulcer: distinguishing characteristics.

PURPOSETo provide wound care practitioners with information comparing characteristics of perineal dermatitis and pressure ulcers.TARGET AUDIENCEThis continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in wound care.OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article and taking this
Documenting transitional information in EMR

An observational study was conducted to examine EMR-based documentation in an Emergency Department (ED), with an emphasis on computerized documentation activities in the complex flow of clinical processes. This study revealed a gap between the formal EMR documentation and the actual clinical workflow, which leads ED staff to rely on intermediate - transitional artifacts to facilitate their work. The analysis of these transitional artifacts in four different clinical workflows shows that the EMR system's inability to document procedural information, capture key information, and present information according to the actual clinical workflow are accountable for leading to the use of transitional artifacts. The findings of this study call for designing EMR system not only for keeping patients' formal records, but also for documenting transitional information in the chart-writing process.
Non-linear wave interaction in a magnetoplasma column 2. Experiment

Experiments on non-linear mode conversion in a cylindrical magnetoplasma column are described. An argon plasma column was produced by a diffusion source, and modulated simultaneously by a strong pump wave and a weaker higher frequency signal, to produce an idler wave at the difference frequency by non-linear interaction. The results are compared with theoretical predictions made in Part 1 of the paper for a cold, homogeneous, cylindrical column in an infinite, axial, static magnetic field. Good qualitative agreement is demonstrated, but quantitative comparisons are complicated by the discrepancies from precise synchronism observed for experimental conditions giving the strongest interactions.
English literature in the rural high school

Samuel Johnson averred to his friend, Bennet Langton, that his prodigious knowledge of Latin was the fortunate result of the merciless whippings inflicted by Mr. Hunter, a schoolmaster who "did not distinguish between ignorance and negligence," but whose punishment, nevertheless, was purposeful: he whipped the unprepared student to save him from the gallows. Ichabod Crane, a much-maligned educator, had his own reasons for sparing "your mere puny stripling, that winced at the least flourish of the rod," and for appeasing justice "by inflicting a double portion on some little tough, wrong-headed, broad-skirted Dutch urchin, who sulked and swelled and grew dogged and sullen beneath the birch." This preceptor, likewise, thought only of the efficacy of his punishment: "All this he called 'doing his duty by their parents.'" Now, though it is conceded that a David Copperfield may suffer complete amnesia in the presence of a stern tutor, it is, nevertheless, a fact that the Mr. Murdstones, the Mr. Hunters, and the Mr. Cranes have their place in the field of education: a healthy, intelligent, and lazy student can be completely trained in certain subjects by physical punishment, by intimidation, or by other varieties of third-degree pedagogy. Latin is a subject which can be rather effectively transmitted, reclaimed, and retransmitted by this process. Mathematics, to some extent, can be taught in this fashion, most of the modern foreign languages, the formulae of science, certain aspects of history, and English grammar. But English literature (unless the instructor is so dauntless as to announce himself the authority in the field) cannot be taught thus featly and conclusively in the high school. In the university there is no problem. The assiduous student captures the protessor's winged words, identifies them, and, having permitted them to die, shelves them with his permanent collection. When he encounters novelty, he is properly respectful. The dull student captures them if he can, cages, and nurtures them until the semester's end. The gifted student reverences the scholar; the dull student tolerates him. The gifted student tolerates the purveyor; the dull student reverences him. The classroom is, indeed, a happy place. Nor is the teaching of English literature in the city high school the most formidable task imaginable. The city lad has a score of interests, a score of diversions, a limitless variety of ways in which to express himself outside of school. Liking his English instructors, he prepares his work. Disliking them,
Project LIS: a Web‐based resource of IOLS information

Project URL originated while identifying electronic resources that promote access to information about integrated online library systems (IOLS). Over 40 students, enrolled in a Web‐based asynchronous distance learning graduate level course “Library information systems”, searched the Web for resources that contribute to IOLS. Several hundred sites were initially identified, together with the difficulties associated with such a large set of unorganised pointers to Web‐based resources. A project team was assembled to organise unique URLs as identified by fellow students, adding value and commentary to those sites that met certain criteria of excellence. The product is a metasite of URLs that points to information about IOLS vendors, electronic journal titles and specific e‐journal articles addressing IOLS topics of interest, and general information sources that might be accessed by library professionals involved in decision‐making processes for integrated library systems. Recent efforts have been made to add to this base of IOLS resources. Future revisions are also discussed.
Preserved proteins from extinct Bison latifrons identified by tandem mass spectrometry; hydroxylysine glycosides are a common feature of ancient collagen

Bone samples from several vertebrates were collected from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, in Snowmass Village, Colorado, and processed for proteomics analysis. The specimens come from Pleistocene megafauna Bison latifrons, dating back ∼ 120,000 years. Proteomics analysis using a simplified sample preparation procedure and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied to obtain protein identifications. Several bioinformatics resources were used to obtain peptide identifications based on sequence homology to extant species with annotated genomes. With the exception of soil sample controls, all samples resulted in confident peptide identifications that mapped to type I collagen. In addition, we analyzed a specimen from the extinct B. latifrons that yielded peptide identifications mapping to over 33 bovine proteins. Our analysis resulted in extensive fibrillar collagen sequence coverage, including the identification of posttranslational modifications. Hydroxylysine glucosylgalactosylation, a modification thought to be involved in collagen fiber formation and bone mineralization, was identified for the first time in an ancient protein dataset. Meta-analysis of data from other studies indicates that this modification may be common in well-preserved prehistoric samples. Additional peptide sequences from extracellular matrix (ECM) and non-ECM proteins have also been identified for the first time in ancient tissue samples. These data provide a framework for analyzing ancient protein signatures in well-preserved fossil specimens, while also contributing novel insights into the molecular basis of organic matter preservation. As such, this analysis has unearthed common posttranslational modifications of collagen that may assist in its preservation over time. The data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001827.
The web interface should be radically refactored

The Web API conflates two conflicting goals: serving developers by supporting a wide and growing suite of functionality, and providing applications with an isolated execution environment. We propose to split the API into two levels of interface: a low-level interface that governs the relationship between the application and the browser, and a set of high-level interfaces that govern the relationship between the application and its developer. We delineate a tiny set of properties needed by the low-level interface. We argue that this restructuring provides significant benefit to both developers and users.
Novel Use of the Gigli Saw for Management of Penile Entrapment

ABSTRACT Introduction Penile entrapment is a rare clinical entity requiring urgent and efficient management. If left untreated, it may result in vascular compromise to penile soft tissue structures. Management poses unique challenges to the treating physician through variable presentation as well as the lack of specifically designed treatment options. Aim This article describes the use of the Gigli saw for management of penile entrapment. Main Outcome Measures and Methods We employed the Gigli saw to remove an entrapped metallic peno-scrotal constriction ring. Results We successfully removed the entrapped ring with no noted immediate complications. Conclusions The Gigli saw can be safely used, and represents an easily available and potentially effective option in the management of penile entrapment. Eaton SH, Dickstein RJ, and Wiygul JB. Novel use of the Gigli saw for management of penile entrapment. J Sex Med 2009;6:595–597.
Two alphaherpesvirus latency-associated gene products influence calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in rat trigeminal neurons

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) initially infects mucoepithelial tissues of the eye and the orofacial region. Subsequently, the virus is retrogradely transported through the axons of the trigeminal sensory neurons. HSV-1 establishes a life-long latent infection in these neurons, during which the transcription of the viral genome is silent, except for the sequences encoding the latency-associated transcript (LAT). To determine if HSV-1 latency might affect calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in trigeminal sensory neurons, we transfected primary neuronal cultures of trigeminal ganglia from rat embryos with plasmids expressing LAT. In the presence of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP7), CGRP was expressed in 49% of sensory neurons. However, this percentage was reduced to 19% in neurons transfected with LAT expressing plasmids. We also found that transfection of the IE63 gene of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reduced the percentage of trigeminal neurons containing CGRP. However, the observed effect of IE63 in contrast to that of LAT was completely reversed by treatment of cultures with MgCl2, which indicates that the effect of IE63 was due to increased release of CGRP from trigeminal neurons. We provide here the first evidence that HSV-1 LAT decreases the level of CGRP in trigeminal neurons. These effects may be important for reducing the neuroinflammatory response, thus protecting host neuronal cells during HSV-1 latency in trigeminal neurons. In contrast, increased release of CGRP in the presence of IE63 protein may contribute to the neuralgias associated with VZV infection.
Introduction to the Special Series on Positive Behavior Support in Schools

With a basis in a strong tradition of behavioral science—in particular, applied behavior analysis—positive behavior support (PBS) evolved to improve and extend comprehensive interventions for individuals with severe problem behavior and developmental disabilities (Carr et al., 1999; Sugai & Horner, in press; Sugai et al., 2000). In recent years, and particularly since the release of regulations for the implementation of the 1997 amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA ’97), application of the PBS approach has been expanded to include a variety of settings (school, home, and community), students with and without disabilities, and a broad range of social and academic problem behaviors. More important, the focus on the PBS approach has broadened from individual case management to systems-level implementation, especially for the school as a whole (Lewis & Sugai, 1999; Sugai & Horner, 1999). As such, PBS has been defined as a broad range of systemic and individualized strategies for achieving important social and learning outcomes while preventing problem behaviors in all students (Sugai et al., 2000). The expansion and evolution of PBS have been accelerated by increased national attention on incidents of school violence, the lack of discipline and prosocial behavior in schools, and the use of drugs and alcohol by youth. The initial reaction has been to increase the amount of surveillance, “toughen up” and apply zero-tolerance sanctions, and enforce exclusionary and alternative placements in anticipation of future problem behaviors by some children (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001). Although this response may be a “natural” (i.e., negative reinforcement) teacher response (Gunter, Denny, Jack, Shores, & Nelson, 1993; Gunter, Jack, DePaepe, Reed, & Harrison, 1994; Jack et al., 1996) and immediate reductions in problem behavior often are experienced (McCord, 1995; Patterson, Reid, & Dishion, 1992), problem behaviors are likely to return with increased intensity and frequency (Mayer, 1995; Mayer & Butterworth, 1979; Mayer, Butterworth, Nafpaktitis, & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1983).
Motion in deformable templates

The use of motion information in deformable templates for the analysis of image sequences is investigated. Two primary means of utilizing this information are identified. The first is to extend the topological structure of the template into the time dimension. This is accomplished by parameterizing the motion of each point of the template with a set of discrete cosine transform coefficients. The second is to utilize motion information (in this case, simply the pixel-by-pixel frame difference) as a primitive feature. Both methods are demonstrated experimentally, along with a method which combines the two. The first is less susceptible to short-duration anomalous solutions, while the second is able to capture certain features missed by the static analysis. The combined method appears to possess the advantages of both. >
Intensive continuing medical education course training on simulators results in proficiency for laparoscopic suturing

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of implementing a validated suturing curriculum as a free-standing continuing medical education (CME) course. Methods Eighteen participants (9 practicing surgeons, 9 surgery residents) attended a 4-hour laparoscopic suturing CME course. After viewing an instructional videotape all participants had their baseline performance measured on a fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery–type videotrainer suture model. Participants then practiced on the model with active instruction from 6 proctors until a previously reported proficiency level was achieved or until the course ended. Performance was scored objectively based on time and errors. Precourse and postcourse questionnaires were collected. Results Participants trained for 2.6 ± .8 hours and performed 37 ± 11 repetitions. Although no participant was proficient at baseline, 72% achieved the proficiency level by the end of the course. Participants showed 44% improvement in objective scores and 34% improvement according to subjective self-rating. Conclusions Although 4 hours may be insufficient for some trainees, an intensive half-day CME course is feasible and effective in significantly improving performance and allowing the majority of participants to achieve proficiency.
Retinopathy of prematurity

Summary Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), afflicts over 300,000 infants worldwide. More advanced grades of ROP require surgery and thus present the anesthesiologist with a unique set of pathophysiological issues pertinent to their perioperative care. In addition the anaesthetic techniques relevant pharmacology and post operative care of these infants is discussed.
Gravitational lensing with stochastic substructure: Effects of the clump mass function and spatial distribution

Mass clumps in gravitational lens galaxies can perturb lensed images in characteristic ways. Strong lens flux ratios have been used to constrain the amount of dark matter substructure in lens galaxies, and various other observables have been considered as additional probes of substructure. We study the general theory of lensing with stochastic substructure in order to understand how lensing observables depend on the mass function and spatial distribution of clumps. We find that magnification perturbations are mainly sensitive to the total mass in substructure projected near the lensed images; when the source is small, flux ratios are not very sensitive to the shape of the clump mass function. Position perturbations are mainly sensitive to a characteristic clump mass scale, namely m_eff = / , with some mild dependence on other mass moments when the spatial distribution is not uniform. They have contributions from both "local" and "global" populations of clumps (i.e., those projected near the images, and those farther away). Time delay perturbations are sensitive to the same characteristic mass, m_eff, and mainly driven by the global population of clumps. While there is significant scatter in all lensing quantities, there are some non-trivial correlations that may contain further information about the clump population. Our results indicate that a joint analysis of multiple lens observables will offer qualitatively new constraints on the mass function and spatial distribution of dark matter substructure in distant galaxies.
Correlation-based botnet detection in enterprise networks

Most of the attacks and fraudulent activities on the Internet are carried out by malware. In particular, botnets, as state-of-the-art malware, are now considered as the largest threat to Internet security. In this thesis, we focus on addressing the botnet detection problem in an enterprise-like network environment. We present a comprehensive correlation-based framework for multi-perspective botnet detection consisting of detection technologies demonstrated in four complementary systems: BotHunter, BotSniffer, BotMiner, and BotProbe. The common thread of these systems is correlation analysis, i.e., vertical correlation (dialog correlation), horizontal correlation, and cause-effect correlation. All these Bot* systems have been evaluated in live networks and/or real-world network traces. The evaluation results show that they can accurately detect real-world botnets for their desired detection purposes with a very low false positive rate. We find that correlation analysis techniques are of particular value for detecting advanced malware such as botnets. Dialog correlation can be effective as long as malware infections need multiple stages. Horizontal correlation can be effective as long as malware tends to be distributed and coordinated. In addition, active techniques can greatly complement passive approaches, if carefully used. We believe our experience and lessons are of great benefit to future malware detection.
Coyotes as sentinels for monitoring bovine tuberculosis prevalence in white-tailed deer

Abstract Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is endemic in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 5 counties (Alcona, Alpena, Montmorency, Oscoda, and Presque Isle) in the northeastern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA. The presence of a wildlife reservoir of tuberculosis in Michigan and the incidence of bTB in cattle (Bos taurus) resulted in Michigan losing its bTB accredited-free status. Subsequent wildlife surveillance programs identified relatively high disease prevalence in coyotes (Canis latrans), generating interest in their potential to serve as a sentinel species to detect bTB prevalence in white-tailed deer. Our goal was to develop an empirical basis for generating hypotheses about the spatial epidemiology of bTB infection in coyotes for future surveillance, management, and modeling efforts. Though variation in coyote home-range size may confound attempts to spatially correlate the incidence of disease in the sentinel and host species at a fi...
An in vitro model for the effects of androgen on neurons employing androgen receptor-transfected PC12 cells.

Abstract Androgen alters neurite outgrowth, synaptic organization, and cell survival in various portions of the brain and spinal cord. However, examination of the specific effects of androgen on neurons in vivo has been difficult. Previously, an in vitro model for the effects of estrogen on neurons was developed and characterized, using an estrogen receptor (ER)-transfected PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line. This model demonstrated estrogenic regulation of neurite outgrowth, spine formation, and gap junction formation. Similarly, an in vitro model for the effects of androgen on neurons is now described. Wild-type cells (PC12-WT) were stably transfected with an expression vector coding for the full-length cDNA for the human androgen receptor (AR). Resultant clones were isolated, screened for incorporation of vector and expression of AR mRNA and protein, and analyzed for morphologic responses to androgen. PC12-WT, NE09 (ER-negative, AR-negative), SER8 (ER-positive, AR-negative), and AR8 (ER-negative, AR-positive) cells were exposed to 10 ng/ml nerve growth factor (NGF), along with 0-10-7M dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for 2 days. AR8 cells demonstrated an androgen dose-dependent increase in mean neurite length, branch order, and neurite field area, whereas neurite branch segment length and soma area were not affected by androgen. PC12-WT, NE09, and SER8 cells exhibited no alterations in cell morphology with DHT exposure. Because of the synergistic effects of DHT and NGF, the regulation of NGF receptor mRNA by DHT was evaluated; however, no significant induction of either trkA or p75 mRNA expression by androgen was documented. The results suggest that in AR-positive PC12 cells, androgen acts additively with NGF to increase neurite outgrowth; but androgen effects are mediated specifically through branching and arborization. These responses are similar to developmental studies of androgen effects in vivo. Thus, androgen appears to induce an inherent neural morphologic program in AR-containing cells, which increases the receptive field of these cells, increasing the likelihood for interneural communication, although not promoting communication itself. These cell lines will provide a unique in vitro system for studying mechanisms of androgen-neuron interactions.
Broadband OFDM using 16-bit precision on a SDR platform

This paper discusses our development of a robust broadband model of OFDM using 16-bit fixed-point ANSI C code that can be easily ported to a variety of software defined radio (SDR) platforms. The fixed-point model allows fast runtime, low power consumption, and low cost implementation. The receiver analog to digital converter (ADC) resolution and 16-bit fixed-point issues are explored. The OFDM system consists of DQPSK encoded data symbols, pilot symbols and null symbols to minimize aliasing and reduce filter requirements. The total number of OFDM subchannels is set to 256. A cyclic extension scheme is used to reduce the intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by long multipath delay spreads. The channel model consists of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and continuously variable channel delay. The fixed-point OFDM algorithm was optimized with a system that uses no compensation for peak to average ratio (PAR). The model supports post-detection spatial diversity, which can be easily implemented by the multi-channel architecture provided by many SDRs.
Race and Riots: A Note on the Economic Impact of the Rodney King Riots:

When the four police officers who had been videotaped beating motorist Rodney King were found not guilty of criminal acts in 1992, the city of Los Angeles erupted in the worst rioting seen in the U...
CLEAN DIGITAL GARBAGE

Along with the vast price drop in computer disk space per unit, computer users have become less concerned with their disk space usage. This contributes to the accumulation of digital garbage which represents the unneeded files left behind in an information system. The accumulation of large quantities of digital garbage can incur significant costs and can even interfere the operations on current meaningful data. This article addresses this issue of digital garbage by presenting an intelligent algorithm that analyzes the age, file access time stamp, location environment, ownership, and content correlation with other current files for a given file to compute a clean-index (c-index) which determines the necessity of a file for removal.
Variation in the Predicted Biosynthetic Capabilities of Seven Vibrionaceae

This study compares the predicted metabolic capabilities of seven sequenced bacterial strains within the family Vibrionaceae, with emphasis on the possible biosynthetic pathways encoded by their genomes. The goal is to elucidate whether the high diversity among Vibrionaceae in terms of environment and pathogenicity is reflected in their suite of available metabolic processes. The data set included the genomes of two Vibrio cholerae, two Vibrio vulnificus, two Aliivibrio fischeri, and one Vibrio parahaemolyticus species. Possible metabolic pathways available to these strains were deduced using the Pathway Tools software, and the results (for biosynthetic pathways) were hand-corrected using the NCBI database, MetaCyc, KEGG, and BlastP.
Hibernacula Characteristics of Townsend's Big-eared Bats in Southeastern Idaho

ABSTRACT: Townsend's big-eared bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) is a widespread species of special concern that hibernates in large numbers in the lava-tube caves of southeastern Idaho. We measured 24 habitat variables describing landscape-level, physical, and microclimate characteristics of 13 caves and identified at least three that were useful for predicting winter occupancy by C. townsendii. In univariate analyses, distance to ephemeral water was the only variable that significantly predicted occupancy. Temperature and dewpoint were non-significantly higher in occupied than unoccupied caves. Our index of human disturbance was not associated with winter occupancy as observed in other studies. A multivariate (discriminant) analysis identified three characteristics that significantly and best predicted occupancy by big-eared bats in our sample of caves: (1) greater distance to ephemeral water, (2) the presence of a collapse or constriction, and (3) lower mean height. Although not included in our most-predic...
Heterogeneous radial basis function networks

Radial basis function (RBF) networks typically use a distance function designed for numeric attributes, such as Euclidean or city-block distance. This paper presents a heterogeneous distance function which is appropriate for applications with symbolic attributes, numeric attributes, or both. Empirical results on 30 data sets indicate that the heterogeneous distance metric yields significantly improved generalization accuracy over Euclidean distance in most cases involving symbolic attributes.
The need for head rotation and abdominal compressions during bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation

The current AHA-ECC guidelines for basic life support focus on the provision of good chest compressions with minimal interruptions for patients with presumed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Moreover, international consensus guidelines now support the use of chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) instructions for dispatcher-assisted CPR given over the phone to untrained bystanders. However, evidence that strongly challenge these recommendations have been overlooked. A review of this evidence argues for the need for head rotation (a hands-free method of airway control) and abdominal compressions during bystander CPR.
Skew-selfadjoint form for systems of conservation laws

Abstract Hyperbolic systems of conservation laws augumented with an entropy inequality are studied. It is shown that such systems can be written in a (quasilinear) skew-selfadjoint form. Centered differencing of such a form under the smooth regime ends up with a systematic recipe for constructing quasiconservative schemes where the global entropy conservation is recovered. Employing the above formulation in bounded regions under the nonsmooth regime as well, a local entropy decay estimate is also concluded. Examples of the shallow-water and the full gasdynamics equations are explicitly treated.
Vocal Ontogeny of the Squirrel Monkey, Saimiri boliviensis peruviensis

The vocal behavior of the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sp.) is perhaps the best-studied of the nonhuman primates. The abundant vocal output of this small, easy-to-maintain species falls conveniently within the range of human hearing, making squirrel monkeys unusually amenable to study. Even the infants are very vocal from the first day of life (Biben, 1992; Lieblich et al., 1980). Despite the accessibility of this species, or perhaps because of it, there has historically been less than 100% agreement on both the makeup and usage of the repertoire. To a great extent, these differences represent biases towards a graded (e.g., Maurus et al.,1986; Schott, 1975) versus a categorically discrete output (e.g., Newman, 1985; Winter et al., 1966), with most researchers subscribing to the latter. Early work on individual call types was some of the first in the primate literature to establish (in the isolation peep) individuality, species specificity, and heritability (Newman and Symmes, 1982; Symmes et al.,1979).
Hepatic Encephalopathy in Children

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neurocognitive disorder associated with either acute or chronic liver disease (CLD). HE is also found in patients with either spontaneous or surgically created portosystemic shunts. The severity of HE spans from a mild neuropsychological impairment, detectable only at a psychometric evaluation, to coma. HE is a potentially reversible process. However, cirrhosis-associated neurological deficits may persist after liver transplant thus, supporting the hypothesis that HE may lead to irreversible neurological impairment.
The crystal structure of pararobertsite and its relationship to mitridatite

The crystal structure of pararobertsite, ![Formula][1] , P 21/ c , a = 8.814(4), b = 13.233(5), c = 11.056(4) A, β = 101.184(7)°, V = 1265.0(9) A3, Z = 4 has been solved by direct methods and refined to R = 0.042 for 1319 F o > 4σ ( F o) using Mo K α X-ray data. In the structure of pararobertsite, Z-shaped edge-sharing chains of Mn3+O6 octahedra link to one another via shared O vertices and PO4 tetrahedra to form a compact sheet of composition ![Formula][2] oriented parallel to {100}. The space between the compact sheets is filled with a thick open assemblage of CaO5(H2O)2 polyhedra and isolated water molecules. The structure bears strong similarities to the mitridatite (Fe3+) structure and, therefore, to its robertsite (Mn3+) isotype. [1]: /embed/tex-math-1.gif [2]: /embed/tex-math-2.gif
Biphasic Modulation of Spinal Visceral Nociceptive Transmission From the Rostroventral Medial Medulla in the Rat

Descending inhibitory and facilitatory influences from the rostroventral medulla (RVM) on responses of lumbosacral spinal neurons to noxious colorectal distension (CRD, 80 mmHg, 20 s) were studied....
Analysis of Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Futian District of Shenzhen City in 2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemic characteristics of infectious disease outbreaks in Futian District of Shenzhen City in 2010,to master its characteristic and rules,and to provide the scientific basis for the future control and prevention of infectious disease. [Methods]Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to analyze the data about epidemics of infectious disease outbreaks in Futian District in 2010. [Results]The most outbreaks caused by category C infectious diseases,among which influenza is the main disease.The outbreaks mainly occurred during March to April and September;the most outbreaks occurred in primary first and second grade. [Conclusion]To control of infectious sources,to strengthen immunization work,to strengthen monitoring and control at key periods related infections,to improve infectious disease prevention consciousness are important measures to prevent and control infectious disease outbreak in this area.
Imiquimod Induces Apoptosis in Human Endometrial Cancer Cells In vitro and Prevents Tumor Progression In vivo

The increasing incidence of endometrial cancer (EC), in younger age at diagnosis, calls for new tissue-sparing treatment options. This work aims to evaluate the potential of imiquimod (IQ) in the treatment of low-grade EC. Effects of IQ on the viabilities of Ishikawa and HEC-1A cells were evaluated using MTT assay. The ability of IQ to induce apoptosis was evaluated by testing changes in caspase 3/7 levels and expression of cleaved caspase-3, using luminescence assay and western blot. Apoptosis was confirmed by flow cytometry and the expression of cleaved PARP. Western blot was used to evaluate the effect of IQ on expression levels of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and BAX. Finally, the in vivo efficacy of IQ was tested in an EC mouse model. There was a decrease in EC cell viability following IQ treatment as well as increased caspase 3/7 activities, cleaved caspase-3 expression, and Annexin-V/ 7AAD positive cell population. Western blot results showed the ability of IQ in cleaving PARP, decreasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expressions, but not affecting BAX expression. In vivo study demonstrated IQ’s ability to inhibit EC tumor growth and progression without significant toxicity. IQ induces apoptosis in low-grade EC cells in vitro, probably through its direct effect on Bcl-2 family protein expression. In, vivo, IQ attenuates EC tumor growth and progression, without an obvious toxicity. Our study provides the first building block for the potential role of IQ in the non-surgical management of low-grades EC and encouraging further investigations.
"And with a male you shall not lie the lying down of a woman": on the meaning and significance of Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13.

1 would like to express my thanks to all who offered helpful suggestions and criticisms during the development of this article. I am especially indebted to Susan Ackerman, David Konstan, Shaye J. D. Cohen, Stanley Stowers, Howard Eilberg-Schwartz, my graduate stu? dent William Gilders, and the two anonymous readers for the Journal ofthe History ofSexu? ality. As always, errors of fact or judgment are my responsibility exclusively. leviticus 17-26 has long been considered a collection of legal materials of separate provenance from the Priestly School, attributed to the Holiness School, so-called because of their concern for the holiness of Yahweh and the whole land of Israel, its protection, and their demand that Israel be holy too. This unit is called the "Holiness Code" or "Source" by most scholars (in short notation, "H"). In the past, it was thought to have been incorporated by the Priestly Source (or "P") into P's great legal corpus stretching from Exod. 24 well into Numbers, possibly before the sixth century b.c.e., possibly during that century or soon after. The most recent work on the relationship of H and P tends to modify and even reverse aspects of this hypothesis: H materials occur among P materials outside the socalled Holiness Code (in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers), so H is by no means restricted to Lev. 17-26; H was P's editor, not vice versa. This conclusion was reached independently both by J. Milgrom (Leviticus 1-16 [New York, 1991], pp. 13-35); and Y. Knohl ("The Priestly Torah versus the Holiness School: Sabbath and the Festivals," Shnaton 7/8 [1983/ 84]: 109-46 [Hebrew], published in English in Hebrew Union College Annual 58 [1987]: 65-117). 2 Most modern commentators do not acknowledge the ambiguity of these legal formulations, though John Boswell notes that there is "considerable room for doubt about pre? cisely what is being prohibited" (Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality [Chi? cago, 1980], p. 101, n. 34).
The adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Summary ARDS is a pulmonary injury syndrome associated with a variety of clinical disorders. The pathophysiology of ARDS has been clarified substantially in the past several years. Neutrophils are probably the chief mediators of pulmonary injury, serving as the focus for release of several toxic substances that cause capillary endothelial and alveolar epithelial damage. The mortality rate in ARDS remains high despite advances in elucidating of pathogenesis. Newer approaches to management stress earlier identification of patients and specific therapy aimed at interfering with the damage produced by toxic mediators of pulmonary injury.
A lipid arsenal to control inflammation

Innate immune cells act as a surveillance system, detecting and responding to pathogens and endogenous danger signals. The complex patterns of signals they receive are detected by a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). On page 1232 of this issue, Zanoni et al. ( 1 ) find that innate immune responses to microbial products do not occur in a vacuum; rather, there is a complex array of danger signals in surrounding damaged tissue that can determine an immune cell type–specific response to pathogens. They describe a host-derived lipid that binds to a PRR to induce a hyperactive innate immune response that enhances long-lived protective immunity against invading microbes.
Post-herpetic Neuralgia

Herpes zoster is a very common viral infection characteristically causing a painful eruption, especially in elderly or immunocompromised hosts. Discomfort may precede and follow the cutaneous manifestations of the disease. When pain continues more than 4 weeks after resolution of the rash, it is defined as post herpetic neuralgia (PHN). The pain of PHN can be exceedingly difficult to manage and many treatment modalities have been studied with variable results, including: analgesics, local anesthesia, antiepileptics, and antidepressants. Cryotherapy has been used in patients with PHN with improvement of the pain through direct application of the cryogen to the nerve, direct application to the skin, or indirect application to the skin.
Case XIII: Thigh Pain 1

A 57-year-old female complains of pain and numbness in the left anterolateral thigh for 9 months. This followed surgery for hip replacement via an anterior approach. The pain is worse with touch, walking, going upstairs, downstairs, and prolonged standing. It is relieved by standing still and relaxing. The pain fluctuates between 2 and 6 on the VAS depending on her activity. Pregabalin helped some. PMH: migraine, DVT, kidney infections, diabetes, kidney stones, arthritis, and pancreatitis. PSH: two tubal pregnancies, tubal ligation, left total hip replacement, cervical fusion, and hemithyroidectomy. FH: positive for lymphoma in her father, stomach cancer in her paternal grandfather, breast cancer in her paternal grandmother, leukemia in her maternal grandmother, and diabetes in her mother. On examination, the area of diminished sensation is depicted in Fig. 13.1. The arrows point to the hip incision. This was tender to palpation. Otherwise motor examination and reflexes were normal.
Tensile Strength of L3 Douglas-Fir Glulam Members

Tensile tests were performed on 335 full-size glued-laminated members made up wholely of grade L3 Douglas-fir and larch laminations. The variable studies were: thickness of laminations, number of laminations, and width of laminations. The modulus of elasticity, specific gravity, and knot sizes and locations were determined for all laminations. Eleven parameters based on the aforementioned data were related to tensile strength by multiple linear regression analysis. The most closely related parameters were: modulus of elasticity, lamination thickness, and lamination width. The knot parameter K/b (from USDA Bulletin 1069) was found to be ineffective as a predictor of strength. Tensile strength was generally related to the projected area of the largest knot or knots, nor the proportion of their width to lamination width. Number of laminations between the limits of 2 and 7 did not have significant influence on tensile strength.
The Englert-Brout-Higgs mechanism — An unfinished project

The conceptual foundation of the Englert–Brout–Higgs (EBH) mechanism (understood as a set of a scalar field’s couplings to a gauge system and a fermion system) is clarified (as being provided by broken symmetry solution of the scalar field and broken symmetry solutions of the gauge and fermion systems induced by the scalar field’s couplings to these systems, which are manifested in massive scalar and vector bosons as a result of reorganizing the physical degrees of freedom in the scalar and gauge sectors, whose original organization renders possible the broken symmetry solution to the scalar sector and symmetrical solutions to the gauge sector); its ontological status, as a physically real mechanism or merely an instrumental device, is examined, and a new ontologically primary entity, the symbiont of scalar–vector moments is suggested to replace the old ontology of scalar field and vector (gauge) field as the physical underpinning for a realistic understanding of the EBH mechanism; with a conclusion that two puzzles, the transmutation of the Goldstone modes’ dynamic identity and the fixity in reorganizing the physical degrees of freedom within the symbiont, have to be properly addressed before a consistent realist understanding of the mechanism can be developed.