cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heart transplantation outcomes from cardiac arrest-resuscitated donors.

Background The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of heart transplantation from cardiopulmonary-resuscitated donors (CPR + ) to those who received hearts from donors who did not require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR − ). Methods This investigation was a retrospective analysis of UNOS adult heart transplantation donor and recipient data from May 1994 through July 2012. Discrete variables were compared using the chi-square test. Continuous variables were compared using the t -test. Patient and graft survival rates were calculated using the actuarial method and compared using Wilcoxon's test. Results Of the 29,242 adult heart transplantations performed in USA during the study period, 1,396 patients (4.7%) received hearts from CPR + donors. The patients in the CPR + group were younger (25.5 ± 15 years vs 28.5 ± 14 years; p p = 0.001). Mean duration of CPR in these donors was 20 minutes. UNOS listing status at the time of transplantation was Status 1A for 54.3% of those in the CPR + group and 46.9% in the CPR − group ( p + group (56% vs 51%; p = 0.0008). Recipient survival at 30 days, 1 year and 5 years was 95.2%, 88.2% and 72.9% in CPR + group, and 94.7%, 87.7% and 74.4% in the CPR − group, respectively. Similarly, graft survival at 30 days, 1 year and 5 years was 94.7%, 87.6% and 71.9% in the CPR + donor hearts, and 94.4%, 87.3% and 73.2% in the CPR − donor hearts, respectively. Conclusions This large, multicenter adult heart transplant database from across the USA did not show inferior outcomes in recipients of heart transplantation from selected CPR + donors. Recipient and graft survival were similar over 5 years of follow-up.
What do we know about employee absence behavior? An interdisciplinary interpretation

Abstract The absenteeism literature exhibits three fundamental approaches to research; absence is assumed to be either (1) individual, (2) social, or (3) economic behavior. Although research has been informed by several disciplines, it cannot be said that absence research, in toto , has proceeded on the basis of an interdisciplinary perspective. This paper first identifies the contributions and limitations of each approach. An interdisciplinary interpretation of the literature implies that the explanations provided by these approaches are complementary such that individual, social, and economic forces determine absence behavior in an interdependent fashion. Subsequent gains in our understanding of absence behavior are therefore likely to be contingent upon an interdisciplinary approach to research.
Programmed Instruction the Engineering of Education

Programmed instruction provides a unique opportunity to "engineer" engineering education. The preparation of programs involves the normal engineering processes of specification of end product, specification of materials used (student preparation), and experimental iteration of designs until a reasonable approximation to the optimum is achieved. Programmed instruction is based on theories of learning developed by behavioral psychologists working with animals. It depends upon subdivision into the smallest possible units of the material to be taught, stimulation of the learner to do something immediately with the material presented, and immediate confirmation of correct responses. The many experiments now being conducted in the use of programmed instruction in engineering education all attempt to take advantage of the ability of properly programmed materials to permit students to learn better than other methods, while keeping the rate of learning variable in accordance with individual needs. In the future programs will be used widely to teach fundamental principles, to assure uniformity of class background, and as review material both for university and industrial applications.
Numerical Simulation of Laser Beam Propagation in High Aspect Ratio Channel

Laser beam propagation in high aspect ratio channels has been simulated by solving two-dimensional Maxwell wave equation with the finite element method. It has been found that the optical polarization direction has a very important effect on laser beam propagation in the channel, and under certain polarization direction the laser beam profile may keep changing in a very complicated way as the beam propagates through the channel. The above important effects, revealed by the numerical simulation in this paper, need to be considered to realize an accurate modeling or a good process design for laser machining of high aspect ratio microstructures.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Validation of the mini-mental state examination

The present study examined the concurrent neuropsychological validity of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMS). In this study the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB) served as a measure of neuropsychological ability. A sample of 20 patients was all administered the MMS and LNNB. Results demonstrate the highest correlation with the MMS for the LNNB expressive language, arithmetic, writing, motor and tactile scales.
A comparative study of MAP2 immunostaining in areas 9 and 17 in schizophrenia and Huntington chorea

Increasing evidence suggests that there may be significant morphological changes in the neuropil of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. A controversial issue surrounding these deficits in the cortical neuropil is the confounding effects of antipsychotic (neuroleptic) medication as well as the question of generality to psychiatric disorders. To begin to address these issues we examined brains from Huntington's patients matched to a cohort of schizophrenics and controls. Many Huntington's patients take neuroleptics similar to schizophrenics; therefore, by comparing the two groups to controls we can begin to determine if neuroleptics play a role in the deficits reported in schizophrenia. Using MAP2 immunohistochemistry and thionin staining eight matched triplets of Huntington, schizophrenia and control, in areas 9 and 17 layers III and V were analyzed. Our results confirmed previous published data showing a schizophrenia-associated decrease in MAP2 in area 9 with no change in area 17. Similarly the Huntington's patients showed no change in area 9 layer III and no change in area 17. There was however, a modest decrease observed in layer V area 9 of the Huntington's patients. Neuron density measurements showed no change in either layer or brain region in any of the diagnostic categories. These observations suggest that antipsychotic medication may not be responsible for some of the morphological changes observed in the neuropil of the PFC in schizophrenia.
Predictors of improved progression-free survival after nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Abstract Although chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease with standard chemotherapy, the appropriate role and timing of transplantation are unclear. In this analysis, we report the outcomes of 46 patients with advanced CLL who underwent nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) from HLA-matched unrelated (67%) or related (33%) donors. Fludarabine (30 mg/m2 × 4) and low-dose intravenous busulfan (0.8 mg/kg/day × 4) were used for conditioning. The 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates in this refractory patient population were 54% and 34%, respectively, with a median follow-up of 20 months. The primary cause of treatment failure was relapse, with a 2-year cumulative incidence of 48%. High hematopoietic donor chimerism ≥ 75% at day +30 was a significant predictor of 2-year PFS (47% vs 11%; P = .03). In multivariate analysis, chemotherapy-refractory disease at transplantation was associated with a 3.2-fold risk of progression (P = .01) and a 4.6-fold risk of death (P = .02). Increasing number of previous therapies and increasing bone marrow involvement were also associated with decreased PFS and OS. These results suggest that NST using fludarabine and low-dose intravenous busulfan is a reasonable treatment option for patients with advanced CLL, but that NST earlier in the disease course will likely be needed to achieve long-term disease control in a high proportion of patients.
CAPSAICIN HEAT INTENSITY ‐ CONCENTRATION, CARRIER, FAT LEVEL, AND SERVING TEMPERATURE EFFECTS

In a study of pungency in food systems, three carriers (water, cheese sauce, starch paste) with varying fat levels (none, low, medium, high), synthetic capsaicin concentrations (0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.3 ppm), and serving temperatures (25 and 38C) were formulated. Panelists evaluated sensory heat intensity over a 3-min interval. Time-intensity parameters (maximum intensity-MAX, time to maximum intensity-TMAX and rate of release-RATE) were evaluated. Overall, intensity scores increased as capsaicin concentration increased. The increase was related to carrier andfat level. Water samples (0. 4, 0. 8, and 1.3 ppm) were perceived as more intense than cheese or starch samples at the same capsaicin level. Generally, increasing the fat level resulted in lower intensity scores. Warming samples increased RATE, the only parameter affected by temperature. The training method was effective when water was the carrier. However, physical or chemical interactions that occur in simple food systems may influence perceived pungency.
A method for investigating size distributions of aqueous droplets in the range 0.5–10 μm produced by pneumatic nebulizers

Abstract A novel method is described for the measurement of the droplet size distributions produced by nebulizers commonly employed in analytical atomic spectroscopy. It is shown theoretically that, at sufficiently high concentrations of dissolved sodium chloride, the evaporation of water from droplets as small as 0.5 μm in diameter may be reduced to a negligible level. When evaporation is reduced by the presence of a dissolved salt, a conventional cascade impactor may be used to elucidate the droplet size distribution. Empirical observations confirm that, at a sodium concentration of 10,000 μg ml −1 , evaporation is negligible: the method may be used to study particle size distributions over the size range 0.5–10 μm.
Simulating Natural Ventilation in and Around Buildings by Fast Fluid Dynamics

Natural ventilation is a sustainable technology that can provide a well-built environment and also save energy. The application of natural ventilation to buildings requires a careful approach in th...
How Important is Beauty to You? The Development of the Desire for Aesthetics Scale

We comprehensively measured individual differences in aesthetic interest by developing The Desire for Aesthetics Scale (DFAS). In Study 1, a 40-item scale was given to 71 undergraduates. Based on item-total correlations, the worst items were revised or dropped, and new items were created. In Study 2, a 43-item scale was tested with 99 undergraduates from two colleges, and was given to one group 3 months later, demonstrating adequate test-retest reliability scores (r = .74). In Study 3, a revised 42-item scale was given to 62 older, non-students. For the combined relevant samples from Study 2 and Study 3 (N = 110), the final 36-item DFAS yielded good internal consistency (alpha = .82, p < .001 compared to a test value of .70; 95% confidence interval: (0.764, 0.865)). Overall, in multiple samples, this scale resulted in reliable measurements of individual differences in motivation to seek out and care about a wide range of aesthetic stimuli.
Incorporating process uncertainty and analytic design of PID controllers into undergraduate process control

Unique features of the undergraduate process control course described in this article are that 1 an internal model control framework is used to develop PID controller design methodologies for very general processes, 2 process uncertainty is incorporated into the design methodology using MATLAB-based software that we call IMCTUNE, and 3 all exams are open book, open notes, and open computer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ascidian Larval Nervous System: Primary Sensory Neurons in Adhesive Papillae

The three anterior adhesive papillae of Diplosoma macdonaldi serve to attach the larva to the substratum at settlement. Each is a cup-shaped, epidermal organ with a bulbous axial protrusion. Approximately 50 sensory neurons (anchor cells) are distributed around the rim of each papillar cup within the epithelium. An axon from each passes within the wall of the cup to the base of the papilla and thence in the hemocoel to the visceral ganglion. Microvilli arising from anchor cells form a network below the outer cuticle of the tunic. Ten to 15 sensory neurons of a second type (basal cells) are situated within the epithelium around the base of each papilla. A single cilium arises from an invagination in the soma of each basal cell and extends either proximally or distally along the surface of the epithelium. An axon from each basal cell joins the anchor cell axons to project to the visceral ganglion. We infer that papillar sensory cells allow a larva to sample the characteristics of the substrate at potential sites for settlement and metamorphosis.
Molybdenum and Tungsten Monoalkoxide Pyrrolide (MAP) Alkylidene Complexes That Contain a 2,6-Dimesitylphenylimido Ligand

Molybdenum and tungsten bispyrrolide alkylidene complexes that contain a 2,6-dimesitylphenylimido (NAr*) ligand have been prepared, in which the pyrrolide is the parent pyrrolide or 2,5-dimethylpyr...
Modern Media and Culture in Senegal: Speaking Truth to Power

In a You Tube video, a young man performs a satirical poem about Senegalese President Abdoulaye Wade. The author brilliantly sums up Wade's tenure in one minute. He compares the president to “a rat's hole” and makes fun of his physical features while emphasizing many ways in which Wade has failed the nation. Some viewers thought the performance was disrespectful of the president, and others feared for the author's safety. This article argues that although the World Wide Web gives voice to African youth, it can be a dangerous space, especially for artists. The viewers' negative comments and their concern for the author's life is a modern response to his art and a consequence of its presentation on the Internet. If viewed through the lenses of traditional Wolof oral forms, however, the poem's harsh rhetoric takes on less controversial meanings that the viewers did not seem to understand.
Nonlinear positive observer design for positive dynamical systems

In this paper, the observer design problem is considered for a class of positive dynamical systems. First, we establish a set of sufficient conditions for the design of a general class of positive nonlinear observers for nonlinear positive dynamical systems. Then, the new reduced-order positive observer design techniques are provided for marginally stable and some unstable continuous positive linear systems by thoroughly analyzing the structural properties of sampled systems in terms of reducibility. In particular, a nonlinear reduced-order positive observer is proposed for general reducible positive systems.
ROLE, RITUAL, AND THE GRYNNFLNK

While cohabitation among middle-class youth has been increasing, there has been little exploration of the influence of this change on the extended kin system. This paper examines the formal recognition of cohabitation, via role change and ritual, and introduces terminology to describe a relationship heretofore unaccounted for in our vocabulary.
Chronic cocaine treatment induces dysregulation in the circadian pattern of rats' feeding behavior.

The effects of protracted cocaine administration (15 mg/kg i.p., twice a day for 9 days) on the circadian pattern of feeding behavior was studied in individually housed male Sprague-Dawley rats, maintained under a 12:12 light:dark cycle. Water and food were available ad libitum and food intake was measured twice a day before, during and after withdrawal of cocaine (or saline) treatment. Neither total 24-h food intake, nor body mass at the end of the experiment, was significantly different between cocaine-treated and control animals. However, cocaine administration affected the temporal distribution of food consumption. During the dark (activity) phase, rats receiving cocaine injections consumed significantly less food than control animals, and this effect persisted for up to 3 days of cocaine withdrawal. During the light (rest) phase, cocaine administration promoted food consumption and a significantly higher food intake was also observed during the first five cocaine withdrawal days. Continuous monitoring of locomotor activity did not reveal significant changes in the circadian pattern of activity between the two experimental groups during different treatment periods, except for an acute increase in locomotion within an hour after daytime cocaine injection. The results of this study demonstrate that sub-chronic cocaine administration alters the circadian pattern of rats' feeding behavior.
Absent left-sided atrioventricular connexion, with right atrium connected to left ventricle: prospective diagnosis in infancy, and outcome.

Abstract Prospective echocardiographic diagnosis of absence of the left atrioventricular connexion, with the right atrium connected to a morphologic left ventricle through a bileaflet morphologically mitral valve, was made in six infants. The rudimentary right ventricle was left-sided in all patients, and separated from the left atrium by sulcus tissue. The ventriculoarterial connexions were discordant. Associated defects included subpulmonary stenosis (2 patients), pulmonary atresia (1 patient), and a patent duct (4 patients). All patients developed early left atrial hypertension due to a restrictive interatrial septum, and required transcatheter septostomy (5 patients), or surgical septectomy (3 patients). One patient who had a severely restrictive ventricular septal defect died following cardiac catheterization. In three others the ventricular septal defect has become progressively restrictive on serial catheterization. Successful intermediate term palliation has been performed in two patients using a bidirectional Glenn anastomosis, together with enlargement of the ventricular septal defect and a Damus-Kay-Stansel procedure in one. It is possible to distinguish this malformation from "mitral atresia" using cross-sectional echocardiography. The long-term outlook is influenced by early relief of left atrial hypertension. Balloon atrial septostomy alone is usually inadequate, and either blade septostomy or surgical septectomy are required. Serial cardiac catheterization is mandatory for planning definitive palliation.
Preparation and characterization of hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HPETEs)

5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 12- AND 15 hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acids (HPETEs) were generated from arachidonic acid by a reaction with H2O2 and Cu++ ions. They were purified by high performance liquid chromatography, either on a silica gel (mu Porasil) column or on a reversed phase (mu Bondapak C18) column. The yield of 5-HPETE was considerably greater when the mu Bondapak C18 column was used. The HPETEs were characterized and assayed by their ability to oxidize triphenylphosphine: triphenylphosphine oxide formation was monitored by gas chromatography. When stored in methylene chloride at -20 degrees C, the HPETES were stable for several months.
A pharmacokinetic study on Z-(+/-)-2-(1-benzylindole-3-yl-methylene)azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-ol; a novel radio-sensitization agent.

The purpose of this research was to characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate the absolute bioavailability of the targeted compound: Z-(±)-2-(1-benzylindole-3-yl-methylene)azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-3-ol (BMABO), a novel radio-sensitization agent, after oral delivery. Sprague–Dawley rats received a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg and this was compared with intravenous administration of the compound (1 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at different time points, and plasma BMABO concentrations were determined using a new sensitive and specific LC/MS analytical method, which utilized electrospray ionization. The bioavailability of orally administered BMABO was determined by comparing plasma concentrations after oral gavage delivery with intravenous delivery. Following delivery of the oral dose, the average C max was 1,710 ± 503 ng/ml, and the AUC-value was found to be 3,561 ± 670 ng min kg/ml mg. Relative to the intravenous dose (100% bioavailability), the bioavailability was 6.2% after oral administration. As the current studies demonstrate the novel radio-sensitization agent BMABO may have potential therapeutic valuable in cancer treatment. Further evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of BMABO will determine the feasibility of the oral route for future clinical studies.
Meson and glueball masses from a one-parameter potential and a relativistic wave equation

Abstract A one-parameter quark-antiquark potential has been used in the Todorov relativistic wave equation to calculate the masses of heavy and light vector mesons. The effective quark masses turn out to be intermediate between the usual masses of current and constituent quarks. The same potential, multiplied by an appropriate color factor, is used to calculate a spectrum of glueball masses.
Volatilization of sulfur from unamended and sulfate-treated soils

Abstract Volatilization of sulfur from unamended and sulfate-treated soils was studied by sensitive gas chromatographic techniques using a flame photometric detector fitted with a sulfur filter. The soils employed were surface samples of 25 Iowa soils selected to obtain a wide range in properties. No release of volatile sulfur compounds was detected when 11 of these soils were incubated under aerobic or waterlogged conditions before or after treatment with sulfate (400 μg sulfate S/g soil). Fourteen soils released volatile sulfur compounds when incubated under waterlogged conditions before and after addition of sulfate, but only 4 of these soils released volatile sulfur compounds when incubated under aerobic conditions. Where volatilization of sulfur was observed, the volatile sulfur detected was identified as dimethyl sulfide or as dimethyl sulfide associated with smaller amounts of carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, methyl mercaptan, and (or) dimethyl disulfide. No trace of hydrogen sulfide was detected. Where release of volatile sulfur was observed, the amount of sulfur volatilized at 30°C in 60 days under aerobic or waterlogged conditions was very small and did not account for more than 0–05% of the sulfur in the unamended or sulfate-treated soils studied. It is concluded that gaseous loss of sulfur from unamended or sulfate-treated soils is insignificant under conditions likely to be encountered in the field.
Pulmonary surfactant in innate immunity and the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.

Components of the innate immune system serve to protect the host from invading pathogens prior to the generation of a directed immune response, and influence the manner in which the directed immune response develops. The pulmonary surfactant system consists of a complex array of proteins and lipids that reduce surface tension of the alveoli, and appears to play an essential role in innate immunity. Investigators have recently gained insight into the interactions between components of the surfactant system and the respiratory pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is likely that pulmonary surfactant and other innate immune determinants play significant roles in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
State-specific spectral doublets in the FTIR spectrum of gaseous tropolone

The infrared absorption spectrum of tropolone vapor at 25 °C, ∼0.01 Torr, and 32 m path length has been recorded from 960 to about 700 cm-1 at a resolution of 0.0025 cm-1. Twenty-nine cold band and hot band spectral tunneling doublets marked by sharp type A or type C Q branch apexes protruding from the congested vibration−contortion−rotation absorption profiles are assigned. Twenty-six vibration-contortion state-specific splittings are estimated for tropolone in its ground electronic state. This number is currently unprecedented in the literature for any sizable molecule. About half of these quasiharmonic vibrational states show an appreciable quenching of tunneling due to increased effective barriers and/or path lengths and, in the case of the nominal COH torsion, the tunneling is reduced to 0.07 of the zero-point (ZP) value of 0.974 cm-1. The analysis is guided by predictions of the independent {tunneling skeleton}{tunneling H atom} tautomerization model that was previously applied to the vibrational sp...
Tests of efficiency in data envelopment analysis

Abstract Canonical correlation theory is utilized here to modify the set of efficiency measures in data envelopment analysis (DEA). This involves (1) the mean square error criterion, (2) the canonical correlation test, and (3) the set of redundancy tests. An empirical application to educational production frontier data shows the usefulness of these tests and how they can be statistically tested as a two-stage procedure. This may help provide the bridge between the parametric and the nonparametric approaches to the estimation of production frontiers.
Success and failure in management buyouts

Abstract This paper outlines a model for examining the process of formulating a successful management buyout, taking the viewpoint of all concerned, viz., buyers, sellers, advisors, investors and employees. It arises out of the observation of, and involvement in, a number of buyout negotiations: some were completed but continue to falter; some were aborted; others are currently successful. The paper suggests that eventual success is a function of two main factors. The first is the probability of conflict, as defined by the buyout typology, and the second the decisions made, and not made, during negotiations. The latter includes such questions as, for the company: what to hive down: which management to involve; future customer relations; and for the deal: the setting of the price: the future role of investors; choosing advisors.
All-Comers versus Enrichment Design Strategy in Phase II Trials

Designs for biomarker validation have been proposed and utilized in the Phase III oncology clinical trial setting. Broadly speaking, these designs follow either an enrichment (i.e., targeted) strategy or an all-comers (i.e., unselected) strategy. An enrichment design screens patients for the presence or absence of a marker or a panel of markers, and then only includes patients who either have or do not have a certain marker characteristic or profile. In contrast, all patients meeting the eligibility criteria (regardless of a particular biomarker status) are entered into an all-comers design. The strength of the preliminary evidence, the prevalence of the marker, the reproducibility and validity of the assay and the feasibility of real time marker assessment play a major role in the choice of the design. In this report, we discuss the parameters under which the enrichment or an all-comers design strategy would be appropriate for Phase II trials.
Obligate versus rich patch opportunism: evolution and endocrine mechanisms.

Abstract Opportunistic breeding has been hypothesized to evolve in response to rare or unpredictable resource pulses. In this traditional view of opportunism, individuals invest heavily in reproduction whenever conditions are permissive for breeding, perhaps at the expense of investment in survival. We term this strategy ‘obligate opportunism’ (OBO). We also present an additional strategy that could account for the evolution of opportunism. High mobility may allow individuals to move between rich patches of resources that are spatially or temporally unpredictable, reducing exposure to food scarcity and taking advantage of breeding opportunities. This strategy, which we term ‘rich patch exploiter’ (RPE), predicts that investment in survival-enhancing processes may occur at the expense of reproduction despite high resource availability. We review examples to determine which opportunists better match predictions from the OBO strategy or the RPE strategy and then review endocrine profiles in the context of the two strategies.
Electron-impact ionization of In+ and Xe+

Absolute ionization cross sections for ${\mathrm{In}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$ by electron impact have been measured from below threshold to 200 eV using the crossed-beams technique. The cross sections for ${\mathrm{In}}^{+}$ were possibly enhanced by indirect ionization processes. The excitation of the ion from the 4${\mathit{d}}^{10}$5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ ground state to the 4${\mathit{d}}^{9}$5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$5p state followed by autoionization has been postulated. The ${\mathrm{In}}^{+}$ cross sections show a peak value of 15.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at about 80 eV. The cross sections for ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$ peak at a value of 25.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at about 35 eV. Experimental measurements are compared to configuration-averaged distorted-wave calculations [M. S. Pindzola et al., J. Phys. B 16, L355 (1983)], the semiempirical formula of Lotz [Z. Phys. 216, 241 (1968)], and, in the case of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$, previous experimental results [C. Achenbach et al., J. Phys. B 17, 1405 (1984)]. Also presented are ionization-rate coefficients and fitting parameters for both ions for temperatures in the range ${10}^{4}$ K\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}${10}^{7}$ K.
Spectral problems in the stability of forced solitary waves

Abstract Some spectral problems which arise in the study of forced solitary waves governed by the forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equation are studied within the context of ordinary differential operators. Phenomena of interest are described in terms of continuous spectra with imbedded eigenvalues.
RESIDUAL STRESSES IN ENAMELED SHEET‐IRON SPECIMENS*

A method of quantitatively measuring the magnitude of the stresses existing in porcelain enameled specimens is explained. The method involves measuring with a mechanical strain gauge the dimensional changes which occur when an enameled-metal specimen is de-enameled. The theoretical approach to the problem is reviewed, and equations are derived. The results obtained in tests on a series of ground-coated specimens are presented and indicate that with a normal application of a commercial, 3-frit ground coat on 20-gauge enameling iron a compressive stress of about 35,000 1b. per sq. in. is present in the enamel.
20-Hydroxyecdysone and the occurrence of giant HnRNA in early third instar Calliphora vicina larvae

Abstract The pattern of labelled uridine incorporation into epidermal RNA species of starved, early third instar Calliphora vicina larvae, shortly prior to pupariation, closely resembles that previously described for the corresponding fully grown larvae. The effects of exogenously administered 20-hydroxyecdysone on facultative feeding phase small larvae implicate the naturally occuring small burst of this hormone as being the signal for the cessation of feeding, giant HnRNA synthesis and the larval commitment to pupariation.
Tailoring opto-electronic properties of small InAsN and InN quantum dots

Electronic energy level structure (ELS), charge and spin density distributions (CDD and SDD, respectively) of small indium nitride clusters have been studied by means of the first-principle, many-body field theoretical methods. Electron charge delocalization due to charge accumulation on nitrogen and dopant nickel atoms, and resulting violation of the octet rule of the valence theory, have been observed. This charge delocalization mechanism provides for minimization of the total cluster energy, and thus is necessary to stabilize small non-stoichiometric indium nitride systems. It may be used to manipulate opto-electronic properties of indium nitride clusters, and also to synthesize novel, indium nitride-based nanostructures with desirable properties (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
10 best resources on … mixed methods research in health systems

Mixed methods research has become increasingly popular in health systems. Qualitative approaches are often used to explain quantitative results and help to develop interventions or survey instruments. Mixed methods research is especially important in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, where understanding social, economic and cultural contexts are essential to assess health systems performance. To provide researchers and programme managers with a guide to mixed methods research in health systems, we review the best resources with a focus on LMICs. We selected 10 best resources (eight peer-reviewed articles and two textbooks) based on their importance and frequency of use (number of citations), comprehensiveness of content, usefulness to readers and relevance to health systems research in resource-limited contexts. We start with an overview on mixed methods research and discuss resources that are useful for a better understanding of the design and conduct of mixed methods research. To illustrate its practical applications, we provide examples from various countries (China, Vietnam, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and India) across different health topics (tuberculosis, malaria, HIV testing and healthcare costs). We conclude with some toolkits which suggest what to do when mixed methods findings conflict and provide guidelines for evaluating the quality of mixed methods research.
I Am Your Sister: Collected and Unpublished Writings of Audre Lorde

Dedication Acknowledgements INTRODUCTION: CREATE YOUR OWN FIRE: AUDRE LORDE AND THE TRADITION OF BLACK RADICAL THOUGHT PART I.: FROM SISTER OUTSIDER AND A BURST OF LIGHT The Transformation of Silence into Language and Action Sexism: An American Disease in Blackface Sadomasochism: Not About Condemnation I Am Your Sister: Black Women Organizing Across Sexualities Apartheid USA Turning the Beat Around: Lesbian Parenting 1986 A Burst of Light: Living With Cancer PART II.: MY WORDS WILL BE THERE Eva's Man by Gayle Jones: A Review Self-Definition and My Poetry Introduction: Movement in Black by Pat Parker My Words Will Be There" from Black Women Writers Introduction to Farbe bekennen: Afro-deutsche Frauen auf den Suren ihrer Geschichte Preface: Need: A Chorale for Black Women Voices Poet As Teacher-Human As Poet-Teacher as Human Poetry Makes Something Happen My Mother's Mortar PART III.: DIFFERENCE AND SURVIVAL Difference and Survival: An Address at Hunter College The First Black Feminist Retreat When Will the Ignorance End? Keynote Address at the First National Third World Lesbian and Gay Conference Litany of Commitment: An Address Delivered at the March on Washington, (1983) Commencement Address: Oberlin College There Is No Hierarchy of Oppression What is at Stake in Lesbian and Gay Publishing Today: the Bill Whitehead Award Ceremony Is Your Hair Still Political? PART IV.: REFLECTIONS Audre Lorde: My Shero, My Teacher, My Sister Friend Audre's Voice The Imagination of Justice Remembering Audre Lorde CONCLUSION, BEARING WITNESS: THE LEGACY OF AUDRE LORDE Contributors Selected Bibliography Chronology Index
Adaptive voltage controlled nanoelectronic addressing for yield, accuracy and resolution

An outstanding challenge for realizing nanoelectronic systems is nano-interface design, i.e., how to precisely access a nanoscale wire in an array for communication between a nanoscale system and the outside world. Existing nanoelectronic addressing methods are based on implementation of binary decoders, which requires unrealistic precise layout design in nanotechnology. In this paper, I propose voltage controlled nanoelectronic addressing, which differentiates each nanoscale wire by their electrical parameters, e.g., voltages, instead of required unique physical structures. As a result, voltage controlled nanoelectronic addressing achieves significant yield improvement, which enables aggressive scaling of nano-interface with the rest of a nanoscale system. A novel nanoelectronic addressing circuit includes two address lines which form resistive voltage dividers, and provide gate voltages for two rows of transistors which gate the nanoscale data lines. For two proposed nanoelectronic addressing metrics: resolution and accuracy, the proposed circuit achieves single data line resolution by applying high voltage drops to the address lines if not high subthreshold slope transistors, while an adaptive addressing method achieves addressing accuracy only depending on the uniformity of the address lines, and external time domain variations. SPICE simulation based on compact CNFET models demonstrates the effectiveness of voltage controlled nanoelectronic addressing.
Emergent Behaviors of Protector, Refugee, and Aggressor Swarms

Simple rules, when executed by individual agents in a large group, or swarm, can lead to complex behaviors that are often difficult or impossible to predict knowing only the rules. However, aggregate behavior is not always unpredictable-even for swarm models said to be beyond analysis. For the class of swarming algorithms examined herein, we analytically identify several possible emergent behaviors and their underlying causes: clustering, drifting, and explosion. They also analyze the likelihood of these behaviors emerging from randomly selected swarm configurations and present a few examples. The analytic results are illustrated via simulation
Mrs. Thatcher's Employment Prescription: An Active Neo-Liberal Labor Market Policy

Though each of the capitalist democracies has developed a similar battery of programs for mitigating labor market problems, politically significant differences in strategy underlie superficial similarities. By the 1970s, labor market strategies could be distinguished by three models: a passive social democratic or guardian strategy (Britain), an active social democratic or egalitarian strategy (Sweden), and a passive neo-liberal or business-centered strategy (United States). In response to high unemployment, the Thatcher government has resurrected a long dormant fourth strategy that combines neo-liberal principles with an active state. This active neo-liberal or market-centered approach seeks a workforce that is less organised, has greater wage disparities, and is more adaptable to business needs. The government's activism is evident in the growth of the Manpower Services Commission, both in absolute terms and relative to passive compensatory measures. Its neo-liberalism is evident in reducing structural impediments to lower wages, increasing incentives for individual initiative, and revamping employment and training schemes along neo-liberal lines. These efforts correlate with decreasing levels of union membership, increasing self-employment, and increasing wage disparities in the British economy, trends that are, by the government's criteria, improvements.
Temperature as a potent driver of regional forest drought stress and tree mortality

As the climate changes, drought may reduce tree productivity and survival across many forest ecosystems; however, the relative influence of specific climate parameters on forest decline is poorly understood. We derive a forest drought-stress index (FDSI) for the southwestern United States using a comprehensive tree-ring data set representing AD 1000–2007. The FDSI is approximately equally influenced by the warm-season vapour-pressure deficit (largely controlled by temperature) and cold-season precipitation, together explaining 82% of the FDSI variability. Correspondence between the FDSI and measures of forest productivity, mortality, bark-beetle outbreak and wildfire validate the FDSI as a holistic forest-vigour indicator. If the vapour-pressure deficit continues increasing as projected by climate models, the mean forest drought-stress by the 2050s will exceed that of the most severe droughts in the past 1,000 years. Collectively, the results foreshadow twenty-first-century changes in forest structures and compositions, with transition of forests in the southwestern United States, and perhaps water-limited forests globally, towards distributions unfamiliar to modern civilization. As the global climate changes, drought is expected to reduce productivity and tree survival across many forests; however, the relative influence of climate variables on forest decline remains poorly understood. A drought-stress index based on tree-ring data—newly developed for the southwestern United States—is found to be equally influenced by evaporation (primarily temperature driven) and precipitation and may serve as a holistic forest-vigour indicator in water-limited forests.
2‐Methylsulfonyl‐3‐phenyl‐1‐prop‐2‐enyl Chloroformate

[252668-49-8] C11H11ClO4S (MW 274.72) InChI = 1S/C11H11ClO4S/c1-17(14,15)10(8-16-11(12)13)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-7H,8H2,1H3 InChIKey = OAPIEQWHMLVMLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used for the introduction of a protecting group for amines) Alternate Name: Mspoc-Cl. Physical Data: mp 118–120 °C, colorless crystals.1 Solubility: soluble in CH2Cl2 and CHCl3; insoluble in hexanes. Purification: recrystallized from CH2Cl2/hexanes. Analysis of Reagent Purity: 1H NMR, IR, elemental analysis.1 Preparative Methods: the title reagent is prepared by the reaction of 2-(methylsulfonyl)-3-phenyl-2-propenyl alcohol and phosgene (eq 1).1 The alcohol is obtained from the corresponding allylic bromide2 by formate-catalyzed hydrolysis.3 The synthesis of the bromide involves the Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed addition of methanesulfonyl chloride to β-methylstyrene followed by elimination of hydrogen chloride and subsequent free radical bromination of the methyl group (eq 1).2 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: relatively stable reagent, but moisture sensitive and best when freshly recrystallized before use. Used in a well-ventilated fume hood.
Detection of central fixation using short-time autoregressive spectral estimation during retinal birefringence scanning

Abstract The manuscript reports on the implementation of autoregressive spectral estimation aimed at improving the accuracy of detecting short-lasting events in signals acquired by a retinal birefringence scanning device that was reported earlier. A signal consisting of two frequency components is generated, where each frequency is a multiple of the scanning frequency. One frequency is produced during central fixation, while another one prevails during off-central fixation. These components may be of a very short duration, presenting a challenge for the FFT to identify them with sufficient time- and frequency resolution. Autoregressive spectral estimation using the Burg algorithm provided a satisfactory solution, capable of reliably differentiating between the two frequency components (96 and 192 Hz) on signal segments of duration as short as 5 ms. The device and the signal analysis methods were developed originally with the purpose of checking for eye alignment and strabismus – a major risk factor for amblyopia. The method enables the technology to work with less-cooperative patients, such as young children. Other medical and non-medical applications are possible.
A look at some details of the growth of initial uncertainties

Because of the errors entailed in observing certain systems, the states that one might believe to be the true states form an ensemble, as do the states obtained from these states by forward extrapolation in time.We identify the uncertainty with the root-mean-square distance in state space of the ensemble members from their mean. We enumerate the properties of a special three-variable system that behaves chaotically, and we use the system to evaluate a logarithmic measure α ( t 1 , t 0 ) of the ratio of the uncertainty at a ‘verifying time’ t 1 to that at an ‘observing time’ t 0 . With t 0 and t 1 as coordinates, we construct diagrams displaying contours of α ( t 1 , t 0 ).We find that the details of the diagrams tend to line up in the horizontal and vertical directions, rather than parallel to the diagonal where t 1 = t 0 , as they would if α ( t 1 , t 0 ) depended mainly on the forecast range t 1 − t 0 . The implication is that states at certain times t 1 are highly predictable, i.e. α ( t 1 , t 0 ) < α ( t , t 0 ) if t occurs somewhat before or after t 1 , and that states at certain times t 0 are highly predictive, i.e. α ( t 1 , t 0 )< α ( t 1 , t ) if t occurs somewhat before or after t 0 . When observations at times preceding t 0 are combined with those at t 0 , the greatest resulting reductions in uncertainty at t 1 occur when the states at the additional times are highly predictive. We speculate as to the applicability of these findings to larger systems.
An ultraviolet floral polymorphism associated with life history drives pollinator discrimination in Mimulus guttatus

 Premise of the study: Ultraviolet (UV) fl oral patterns are common in angiosperms and mediate pollinator attraction, effi ciency, and constancy. UV patterns may vary within species, yet are cryptic to human observers. Thus, few studies have explicitly described the distribution or ecological signifi cance of intraspecifi c variation in UV fl oral patterning. Here, we describe the geographic distribution and pattern of inheritance of a UV polymorphism in the model plant species Mimulus guttatus (Phrymaceae). We then test whether naturally occurring UV phenotypes infl uence pollinator interactions within M. guttatus .  Methods: We document UV patterns in 18 annual and 19 perennial populations and test whether UV pattern is associated with life history. To examine the pattern of inheritance, we conducted crosses within and between UV phenotypes. Finally, we tested whether bee pollinators discriminate among naturally occurring UV phenotypes in two settings: wild bee communities and captive Bombus impatiens .  Key results: Within M. guttatus , perennial populations exhibit a small bulls-eye pattern, whereas a bilaterally symmetric runway pattern occurs mainly in annual populations. Inheritance of UV patterning is consistent with a single-locus Mendelian model in which the runway phenotype is dominant. Bee pollinators discriminate against unfamiliar UV patterns in both natural and controlled settings.  Conclusions: We describe a widespread UV polymorphism associated with life history divergence within Mimulus guttatus . UV pattern infl uences pollinator visitation and should be considered when estimating reproductive barriers between life history ecotypes. This work develops a new system to investigate the ecology and evolution of UV fl oral patterning in a species with extensive genomic resources.
Benzo[2,1‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene‐based low‐bandgap polymers for photovoltaic applications

The synthesis of four alternating copolymers using benzo[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene (BDP) as the common donor unit is presented. Before the synthesis, theoretical calculations that we performed predicted that the incorporation of BDP, which consists of fused dithiophene units with a benzene ring, into these polymers would produce a low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. Low-lying HOMO levels are desirable to produce high open circuit voltages (VOC) in organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaic devices. The polymers' structural characterization, as well as the preliminary results of their performance in BHJ devices, using (6,6)-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester as the electron acceptor, is presented. The VOC values follow the expected trend: increasing with decreasing HOMO level of the polymer. High VOC values of 0.81 and 0.82 V have been obtained from two polymers: PBDPBT and PBDPDPP. The initial power conversion efficiency achieved in these unoptimized devices was 1.11% because of relatively low JSC values. The variation observed in the JSC values between the four polymers is discussed. Device performance is expected to increase with optimization of processing conditions for the devices. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Global Private Regimes, Domestic Public Law ISO 14001 and Pollution Reduction

Debates about the efficacy of private environmental regimes have been fueled by disparate research findings, such as when the same regime that has been effective in one setting is found to be ineff...