cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain and stress computations in stochastic finite element methods

This paper focuses on the computation of statistical moments of strains and stresses in a random system model where uncertainty is modeled by a stochastic finite element method based on the polynomial chaos expansion. It identifies the cases where this objective can be achieved by analytical means using the orthogonality property of the chaos polynomials and those where it requires a numerical integration technique. To this effect, the applicability and efficiency of several numerical integration schemes are considered. These include the Gauss–Hermite quadrature with the direct tensor product—also known as the Kronecker product—Smolyak's approximation of such a tensor product, Monte Carlo sampling, and the Latin Hypercube sampling method. An algorithm for reducing the dimensionality of integration under a direct tensor product is also explored for optimizing the computational cost and complexity. The convergence rate and algorithmic complexity of all of these methods are discussed and illustrated with the non-deterministic linear stress analysis of a plate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Illness burden and symptoms of anxiety in older adults: Optimism and pessimism as moderators

Background: We assessed the association between medical illness burden and anxiety symptoms, hypothesizing that greater illness burden would be associated with symptoms of anxiety, and that optimism would buffer, while pessimism would exacerbate, this relationship. Methods: We recruited 109 older adults, aged 65 years and older, from primary care and geriatric clinics to participate in this cross-sectional, interview-based study. Participants completed the Snaith Clinical Anxiety Scale and the Life Orientation Test - Revised, a measure of optimism/pessimism. A physician-rated measure of illness burden, the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, was also administered. Results: Supporting our hypotheses, greater levels of overall optimism weakened, and pessimism strengthened, the association between illness burden and anxiety symptoms, after accounting for the effects of demographic, cognitive, functional, and psychological covariates. Conclusions: Bolstering positive and reducing negative future expectancies may aid in the prevention of psychological distress in medically ill older adults. Therapeutic strategies to enhance optimism and reduce pessimism, which may be well-suited to primary care and other medical settings, and to which older adults may be particularly amenable, may contribute to reduced health-related anxiety.
The Effects of Leg Autotomy on Running Speed and Foraging Ability in Two Species of Wolf Spider, (Lycosidae)

Abstract The effects of leg autotomy on running speed and foraging ability were examined in two species of wolf spider (Schizocosa ocreata and Varacosa terricola). Both species run slower following leg autotomy. However, foraging ability was not affected in either species. Since spiders with one leg autotomized are slower than spiders with all legs intact, they may be more susceptible to predation.
Seroepidemiology of Human Polyomaviruses in a US Population

Polyomaviruses (PyV) are potentially tumorigenic in humans. However, limited data exist on the population seroprevalence of PyVs and individual characteristics that relate to seropositivity. Using multiplex serology, we determined the seroprevalence of 10 human PyVs (BK, JC, KI, WU, MCV, HPyV6, HPyV7, TSV, HPyV9, and HPyV10) among controls from a population-based skin cancer case-control study (n = 460) conducted in New Hampshire between 1993 and 1995. On a subset of participants (n = 194), methylation at CpG dinucleotides across the genome was measured in peripheral blood using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip array (Illumina Inc., San Diego, California), from which lymphocyte subtype proportions were inferred. All participants were seropositive for at least 1 PyV, with seroprevalences ranging from 17.6% (HPyV9) to 99.1% (HPyV10). Seropositivity to JC, MCV, and HPyV7 increased with age. JC and TSV seropositivity were more common among men than among women. Smokers were more likely to be HPyV9-seropositive but MCV-seronegative, and HPyV7 seropositivity was associated with prolonged glucocorticoid use. Based on DNA methylation profiles, differences were observed in CD8-positive T- and B-cell proportions by BK, JC, and HPyV9 seropositivity. Our findings suggest that PyV seropositivity is common in the United States and varies by sociodemographic and biological characteristics, including those related to immune function.
Absorption of Potassium Iodide from Gastro-Intestinal Tract.

SummaryPotassium iodide mixed with radio-opaque media was administered orally to human subjects studied under fluoroscopic control. Iodide appeared in saliva of these subjects 2-4 minutes after mixture passed into the duodenum. Iodide instilled directly into the duodenum of 2 subjects was detected in their saliva 3-4 minutes later. 14.9% of the iodide placed in the stomach and 48.9% of the iodide placed in the duodenum of rats was absorbed within one hour. It appears that the small intestine is the principal site of absorption in humans and in rats.
Virulence of Fungal Pathogens (Imperfect Fungi: Hyphomycetes) to Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae)

Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride (Gams & Rozsypal), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith, and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence to pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), nymphs using a detached-leaf bioassay. Isolates within B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus were also compared. Conidia suspended in water were applied to first and second instars at various concentrations and evaluated 3, 5, and 7 d after application. All of the fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to pear psylla nymphs. B. bassiana, P. farinosus , and V. lecanii were significantly more virulent than the Metarhizium spp. (mortality range, 92.5–99.6% versus 42.3–54.7%, respectively, on 7 d at 107 conidia/ml). Similarly, the LC50s did not significantly differ for all isolates except the Metarhizium spp. and ranged between 1.4 × 102 – 2.0 × 104 conidia/ml on 7 d. Metarhizium spp. had significantly lower LC50s than the other isolates, that ranged from 2.3 × 107 – 11.7 × 1010 conidia/ml on 7 d. The fastest acting isolate when applied at 107 conidia/ml was P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 with an LC50 of 1.8 d, which was significantly higher than other isolates except B. bassiana. The LC50 could not be calculated for M. anisopliae because percent mortality did not increase with time. Based on LT50, LT50, and percent mortality comparisons, P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 was the most virulent fungal isolate followed by B. bassiana AHSEF #2860. The potential of these isolates as mycoinsecticides for the control of pear psylla nymphs in orchards is discussed.
Locus of control of learning disabled and nondisabled children.

While there are few smdies of the locus of control of learning disabled children, most have shown a clear tendency for such children to be more externally oriented than nondisabled children (1) and for nondisabled children to increase in internality with age, while disabled children remain externally oriented. Because there are so few studies, replication is important; this srudy is essentially such a replication. Children in Grades 3 through 632 learning disabled and 32 nondisabled2-were evaluated using the abbreviated form of the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale for Children (2). This scale has 20 yes-or-no questions on perceived control in general situations, e.g., relating to peers, relating to parents, solving problems, etc. Higher scores indicate greater externality. The learning disabled children had previously been diagnosed as such by a psychological examiner, using state guidelines, and were participating in a resource room program. The two groups were matched for age (9 to 13 yr.) and sex (27 boys/5 girls in each group). The children live in a predominantly white, lower middle class area. The questions were read to the children either by the experimenter or the resource room teacher. The children were asked to indicate their responses on answer sheets which contained both the questions and places for the answers. An analysis of variance indicated no significant difference in externality between the learning disabled and nondisabled children (former, M = 8.0, SD = 3.7; latter. M = 6.8, SD = 3.0; Pl.61 = 1.93). Older nondisabled children tended to score more internally but not significantly so (Grade 6 learning disabled, M = 8.1, SD = 3.9,
Mothers in Substance Abuse Recovery: Perspectives on Motivators, Challenges and Family Involvement.

Background Most women in substance abuse treatment are of childbearing age, and many of them have children who both are affected by and influence the mother's substance abuse and treatment behaviors. Objectives This qualitative study (n = 13) was conducted in two drug treatment centers in southern Florida and explored the perspectives of mothers currently or recently in substance abuse treatment regarding their recovery motivators and challenges, as well as their attitudes and preferences regarding family involvement in their treatment. Patients and methods We used a qualitative descriptive approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with the participants and centered on 3 major themes: (a) motivators for recovery, (b) challenges for recovery, and (c) attitudes and preferences for family involvement in recovery. Results Findings revealed that family plays an important role in the recovery of these mothers, and that mothers are willing to incorporate their families in their recovery process. Women expressed a positive attitude towards family therapy, and they believed that it could benefit their recovery, and their relationship with their children and families. Conclusions The findings of this study can contribute to the development of a family-based substance abuse treatment aftercare intervention that might benefit women in substance abuse treatment.
Advances in progressive collapse analysis and design of concrete structures subjected to strong earthquakes

There has been a tendency in the field of earthquake engineering to make an overall progressive collapse analysis of and establish a corresponding design method for major projects’ concrete structures subjected to strong ground excitations.Design provisions in current code for seismic design of buildings on the definition of structural critical collapse state and on the evaluation methods for collapse resistance and collapse mechanism,etc,could not meet the requirements of the rapidly developing methodology in performance-based structural design and the increasingly complicated building environments.Some newest advances in the four respects are critically reviewed,i.e.,1) progressive collapse analysis methods; 2) design codes or guidelines; 3) structural resistance to progressive collapse and its design; and 4) evaluation of structural damage in progressive collapse process.Some problems are also pointed out.
The Social Politics of Bureaucracy

Despite their very limited impact on the ordinary personnel of administrations, newspapers made the ‘purges’ of 1814–15 notorious. On 14 May 1815, Le Moniteur reported how ministerial reforms had centred on those who had ‘spent part of the last year offering proof … of their devotion to the Bourbon dynasty, while still engaged by their oath to the Emperor Napoleon’.1 Restoration newspaper editors were keen to heap opprobrium on Carnot in particular, who had ‘carefully investigated everyone who had ever expressed an opinion or shown a royalist sentiment, to persecute and destitute them’.2 Yet even though they criticized Carnot for having exercised a despotic rule over his helpless clerks, forcing them to swear allegiance to Napoleon and to accept a constitution they despised, Restoration journals simultaneously called for a new purge of girouettes and Bonapartists. Out of this double standard, the impression emerged of an administration full of roues (used men) whose oaths of loyalty and vaunted merit carried little value and no legitimacy. Portraying the ministries as ‘ruled’ by the ‘will’ of Carnot or Bonaparte, the newspaper turned all administrators into impostors, all clerks into political ciphers.3 While real-life employes continued their daily routines, working towards promotions and pensions on the basis of anciennete, the perception nonetheless developed that appealing to politics and politicians was a way to beat the system. Consequently, job seekers flooded the administrations with petitions in what became known as the manie des places.
Reactive flow modeling of small scale detonation failure experiments for a baseline non-ideal explosive

Small scale characterization experiments using only 1–5 g of a baseline ammonium nitrate plus fuel oil (ANFO) explosive are discussed and simulated using an ignition and growth reactive flow model. There exists a strong need for the small scale characterization of non-ideal explosives in order to adequately survey the wide parameter space in sample composition, density, and microstructure of these materials. However, it is largely unknown in the scientific community whether any useful or meaningful result may be obtained from detonation failure, and whether a minimum sample size or level of confinement exists for the experiments. In this work, it is shown that the parameters of an ignition and growth rate law may be calibrated using the small scale data, which is obtained from a 35 GHz microwave interferometer. Calibration is feasible when the samples are heavily confined and overdriven; this conclusion is supported with detailed simulation output, including pressure and reaction contours inside the ANFO ...
Yoga for the Treatment of Pain in the Rehabilitation Patient

Yoga is an ancient system of physical, meditative, and spiritual practices that, when regularly practiced, can help to alleviate pain. This chapter discusses the theoretical basis for how this may occur with particular focus on (a) reduction of suffering, (b) reduction of stress, (c) conscious reinterpretation of pain, and (d) the chance to befriend the body. It then go on to discuss some of the broad components of yoga, including physical poses (asana), breathing exercises (pranayama), meditation, and philosophy. Some brief exercises will be offered for practice, as well as resources for further study, which can be shared with the rehabilitation patient during the care continuum.
Value in the web of life, or, Why world history matters to geography:

Critical geography as a field has yet to reckon with a fundamental geographical blind spot: the historical-geographical patterns of capitalism as a whole. There has been a steady—and studied—reluct...
Globalization and Sustainability

No other issue is as important as sustainability from the point of globalization. The issue of sustainability has drawn to the attention to the people of the world that, despite their differences in terms of politics, economics, and ideologies, we do share the planet. The field of public administration has traditionally emphasized the values of efficiency, performance, social equity, diversity, and ethics. With the increased global concern about protecting the environment, the chapter emphasizes sustainability as the core values of public administration. The recent climate agreement in Paris and the recent uproar over the issue of water contamination in Flint, Michigan, in the United States underlie the emergency of protecting the environment. Khan traces an historical analysis on sustainability and investigates the consequences of climate change. He makes an in-depth analysis of the challenges of environmental justice, the ideological divide, international trade and cooperation, procurement, and participation. The chapter concludes with a statistical analysis of globalization and environmental performance.
Neotame anhydrate polymorphs I: preparation and characterization.

Purpose: To prepare, characterize, and compare polymorphs of neotame anhydrate. Methods: Neotame anhydrate polymorphs were prepared from amorphous or crystalline anhydrate by crystallization or suspension in various organic solvents, or by dehydration of neotame monohydrate. The following techniques were used for characterization: differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, hot-stage microscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic water vapor sorption/desorption, and density measurements. Results: Seven polymorphs (Forms A-G) of neotame anhydrate were prepared and show different thermal properties and PXRD patterns. Two enantiotropically related pairs were identified: B and C; E and A. 13C SSNMR and FTIR spectroscopy clearly distinguish between Forms A, D, F, and G, which show similar needle-shaped morphology but distinct differences in dynamic water vapor sorption/desorption and density. The 13C SSNMR chemical shifts suggest conformational polymorphism. The stability in the presence of water vapor follows the rank order, G > A > D ∼ F, which resembles the rank orders of the molar volume and of the polarity of the solvents from which they crystallized. Conclusions: The neotame anhydrate polymorphs appear to show different molecular conformations. The less dense polymorphic structures crystallize from solvents of greater polarity and sorb water vapor less rapidly and less completely. Two enantiotropic pairs were discerned.
Nemo: multi-criteria test-suite minimization with integer nonlinear programming

Multi-criteria test-suite minimization aims to remove redundant test cases from a test suite based on some criteria such as code coverage, while trying to optimally maintain the capability of the reduced suite based on other criteria such as fault-detection effectiveness. Existing techniques addressing this problem with integer linear programming claim to produce optimal solutions. However, the multi-criteria test-suite minimization problem is inherently nonlinear, due to the fact that test cases are often dependent on each other in terms of test-case criteria. In this paper, we propose a framework that formulates the multi-criteria test-suite minimization problem as an integer nonlinear programming problem. To solve this problem optimally, we programmatically transform this nonlinear problem into a linear one and then solve the problem using modern linear solvers. We have implemented our framework as a tool, called Nemo, that supports a number of modern linear and nonlinear solvers. We have evaluated Nemo with a publicly available dataset and minimization problems involving multiple criteria including statement coverage, fault-revealing capability, and test execution time. The experimental results show that Nemo can be used to efficiently find an optimal solution for multi-criteria test-suite minimization problems with modern solvers, and the optimal solutions outperform the suboptimal ones by up to 164.29% in terms of the criteria considered in the problem.
Impact of Psychosocial Risk on Outcomes among Families Seeking Treatment for Obesity.

Objectives To test the hypothesis that children with elevated psychosocial risk would have increased attrition and worse weight outcomes in weight management treatment. Study design This was a prospective cohort study of 100 new patients, aged 4-12 years, in a weight management clinic. Parents completed the Psychosocial Assessment Tool. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds of attrition from the clinic and a nonmeaningful change in body mass index (BMI) z -score (ie, z -score) over a 6-month period based on psychosocial risk category, adjusting for child demographics and baseline weight category. Results The majority of patients were male (59%), black (36%) or white (43%), and had severe obesity (55%), and 59% of families were categorized as having moderate or high psychosocial risk. Over the 6-month period, 53% of families were lost to follow-up, and 67% did not have a clinically meaningful decrease in BMI z -score. Compared with children of families with low psychosocial risk, children of families with moderate or high psychosocial risk were 3.1 times (95% CI, 1.3-7.2 times) more likely to be lost to follow-up and 2.9 times (95% CI, 1.1-7.9 times) more likely to have a non–clinically meaningful change in BMI z -score. Conclusions Children presenting with increased psychosocial risk have higher attrition and poorer weight outcomes, supporting the need for psychosocial screening as a standard component of pediatric weight management treatment.
Never give the lung the opportunity to collapse

Abstract Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was first identified in 1967, as a syndrome associated with heterogeneous lung collapse and a very high mortality. It has been shown that maintaining homogeneous ventilation using mechanical ventilation can improve survival. Using our recent understanding that dynamic alveolar ventilation is viscoelastic in nature, we suggest that a superior technique to open and stabilize the lung would be to extend the time at inspiration, to recruit alveoli with each breath, and to set a very short expiratory time to prevent alveolar collapse. This has led us to develop a novel Time Controlled Adaptive (TCAV) protocol that uses the duration at inspiration and expiration to open and stabilize the lung.
CAT(-1) Structures for Free-by-Free Groups

We give a procedure for constructing CAT(-1) free-by-free groups which uses tree valued Morse theory and branched coverings of 2-complexes.
Policies and procedures related to weak D phenotype testing and Rh immune globulin administration. Results from supplementary questions to the Comprehensive Transfusion Medicine Survey of the College of American Pathologists.

Abstract Objective.—To determine and evaluate policies and procedures related to weak D phenotype testing and terminology and the administration of Rh immune globulin in selected clinical situations. Design, Setting, and Participants.—Institutions participating in the College of American Pathologists 1999 J-A Comprehensive Transfusion Medicine Survey program were asked to respond to a series of supplementary questions related to weak D phenotype testing and Rh immune globulin administration. More than 3500 institutions and transfusion services participated. Results.—Most supplementary questions elicited more than 3000 responses. Despite no clinical or regulatory mandate, 58.2% of transfusion services routinely perform an antiglobulin test for the weak D phenotype in patients who test negative with anti-D reagents. Significant differences were found concerning the transfusion of blood components to patients with the weak D phenotype and the administration of Rh immune globulin to these individuals. At leas...
C-banding of Peromyscus constitutive heterochromatin persists following histone hyperacetylation☆

Abstract Approx. 35% of the DNA of cultured cells from the cactus mouse, Peromuscus eremicus, is contained in highly condensed constitutive heterochromatin which can be visualized in metaphase chromosomes stained by the C-band technique. Previous studies have shown this constitutive heterochromatin to contain a large proportion of underacetylated, arginine-rich histones, the majority of which can be hyperacetylated when cells are treated with butyrate. In order to determine whether this simulation of the acetylated state of euchromatin alters the cytological properties of constitutive heterochromatin as well, chromosomes from butyrate-treated cells have been examined. Because of the paucity of mitotic cells in butyrate-treated cultures, prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCCs) were produced from butyrate-treated cells by fusion with mitotic cells. In these PCCs, both the highly condensed nature and the ability to C-band were preserved in the hyperacetylated constitutive heterochromatin, suggesting that the subset of arginine-rich histones which is refractory to acetylation in the presence of butyrate may be responsible for the maintenance of the heterochromatic state. In addition, PCC analyses indicated that butyrate arrests Peromyscus cells in both the G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle and confirmed the late-replicating pattern of constitutive heterochromatin.
Coral Food, Feeding, Nutrition, and Secretion: A Review.

Tropical scleractinian corals are dependent to varying degrees on their photosymbiotic partners. Under normal levels of temperature and irradiance, they can provide most, but not all, of the host’s nutritional requirements. Heterotrophy is required to adequately supply critical nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus. Scleractinian corals are known as mesozooplankton predators, and most employ tentacle capture. The ability to trap nano- and picoplankton has been demonstrated by several coral species and appears to fulfill a substantial proportion of their daily metabolic requirements. The mechanism of capture likely involves mucociliary activity or extracoelenteric digestion, but the relative contribution of these avenues have not been evaluated. Many corals employ mesenterial filaments to procure food in various forms, but the functional morphology and chemical activities of these structures have been poorly documented. Corals are capable of acquiring nutrition from particulate and dissolved organic matter, although the degree of reliance on these sources generally has not been established. Corals, including tropical, deep- and cold-water species, are known as a major source of carbon and other nutrients for benthic communities through the secretion of mucus, despite wide variation in chemical composition. Mucus is cycled through the planktonic microbial loop, the benthos, and the microbial community within the sediments. The consensus indicates that the dissolved organic fraction of mucus usually exceeds the insoluble portion, and both serve as sources for the growth of nano- and picoplankton. As many corals employ mucus to trap food, a portion is taken back during feeding. The net gain or loss has not been evaluated, although production is generally thought to exceed consumption. The same is true for the net uptake and loss of dissolved organic matter by mucus secretion. Octocorals are thought not to employ mucus capture or mesenterial filaments during feeding and generally rely on tentacular filtration of weakly swimming mesozooplankton, particulates, dissolved organic matter, and picoplankton. Nonsymbiotic species in the tropics favor phytoplankton and weakly swimming zooplankton. Azooxanthellate soft corals are opportunistic feeders and shift their diet according to the season from phyto- and nanoplankton in summer to primarily particulate organic matter (POM) in winter. Cold-water species favor POM, phytodetritus, microplankton, and larger zooplankton when available. Antipatharians apparently feed on mesozooplankton but also use mucus nets, possibly for capture of POM. Feeding modes in this group are poorly known.
Seeing the city: using eye-tracking technology to explore cognitive responses to the built environment

Context continually influences cognition and behavior, whether walking down a quiet rural street or a busy city. Research in urban design and placemaking argues that different urban environments mi...
Infinite Loot Box: A Platform for Simulating Video Game Loot Boxes

Loot boxes are garnering increased attention in both the industry and media. One focal point of the discussion is whether loot boxes should be considered a form of gambling. While parallels can be drawn between loot boxes and random reward schedules, researchers have argued that the “glorification” aspect of loot boxes that have heightened player awareness (e.g., opening a box, a pack of cards, or spinning a wheel) of randomness is a relatively new trend in games. However, there is currently a dearth of empirical research on loot boxes. We make two contributions in this paper: 1) Infinite Loot Box , an open-source Unity platform for experimenting with loot boxes created from scratch; and 2) a 2 × 2 experiment (high/low visual effects × high/low audial effects; $N$ = 1235). We find that high audial effects significantly increase the number of loot boxes opened. Neither audial nor visual effects were found to significantly impact other variables. These contributions push forward our understanding of loot boxes and their contextual factors.
دراسة الاثار الاجتماعية والبيئة لتغطيات قنوات الرى فى جمهورية مصر العربية

تبنت الدولة المصرية السياسات التى ترتکز على تنمية الموارد المائية وترشيد إستخداماتها وتدبير موارد مائية غير تقليدية نظرا لأن المياه ليست مثل باقى السلع يمکن زيادة المعروض منها کلما زاد الطلب عليها بجانب محدودية حصة مصر من مياة نهر النيل والتى تقدر بنحو 55,5 مليار م مکعب سنة. ومع الزيادة السکانية المستمرة التى وصلت لنحو 100 مليون نسمة تقريبا، وتقوم الحکومة المصرية بتنفيذ بعض السياسات المائية لمواجهة التحديات الناجمة عن ندرة المياه وکثرة الاستخدامات لها ومن هذه السياسات تغطية القنوات المائية أو أحباس من أطوالها التى تمر بالمناطق السکنية للحفاظ على المياة من الهدر والتلوث وتکمنمشکلة البحث فى النمط المعيشى وانخفاض مستوى السلوک البشرى تجاة التغطية بالمنطقة السکنية التى يمر بها المجرى المائى بالاضافة الى الأضرار البيئية عن تلک السلوکيات الغير مسئولة مما أثر بالسلب على الکفاءة الهيدروليکية للتغطيات وبالتالى ينعکس بالسلب على کفاءة التغطية ومن ثم الفائدة المرجوة منها وحل هذة المشکلة قد يساعد متخذى القرارت فى تلافى وعلاج عيوب التغطية ومن ثم ضمان تحقيق الفائدة المرجوة منها على المستوى الفردى والقومىويهدف البحث الىبحث الآثار الإجتماعية والبيئية لتغطيات قنوات الرى.بالاضافة تقدير بعض المؤشرات البيئية والإجتماعية من خلال المؤشرات المستخدمة لقياس أنواع الآثار المختلفة. وقد تم اختيار هندسة رى فاقوس بمحافظة الشرقية لتنفيذ خطة البحث حيث تعد ضمن أکبر هندسات الرى التابعة للادارة العامة للموارد المائية والرى بالصالحية بمحافظة الشرقية من حيث زمام المناطق السکنية الذى بلغ حوالى7057 فدان. وتشغل هندسة رى فاقوس المرکز الثالث من حيث زمام الاراضى الزراعيةالذى يقدربحوالى 74501 فدان ويقدر اجمالى زمام الادارة بحوالى 457558 فدان وقد بلغ نسبة زمام هندسة رى فاقوس حوالى 16,28% تقريبا من جملة زمام الادارة. ويقدر الزمام المروى لهندسة رى فاقوس بحوالى 66423 فدان من اجمالى الزمام المروى لادارة الرى بالشرقية الذى يقدر بحوالى 433656 فدان وبنسبة بلغت حوالى 15,32% تقريبا.
Bolus epidural infusion improves spread compared with continuous infusion in a cadaveric porcine spine model.

Background The administration of epidural anesthesia during labor is a common technique used to reduce the pain of childbirth. We sought to compare standard infusion strategies of continuous epidural infusions (CEI) with programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) to assess the length of spread in terms of vertebral body length. Based on previous clinical data in humans, the PIEB was associated with improved pain control and decreased total dose of local anesthetic. We hypothesized that the PIEB was associated with increased spread when compared with CEI. Methods Thirty female Yorkshire-cross swine cadavers were used to compare three infusion strategies, continuous infusion (CEI) 10 mL/hour programmed continuously, multiple bolus (MB) 2 mL given every 12 min for 10 mL total and 10 mL delivered in a single bolus (SB). Radiographs were used to identify the spread of the radiopaque contrast dye, and a number of vertebral bodies covered were measured to assess spread. Results Overall, the CEI had an average spread of 5.6 levels, MB 7.9 and SB 10.4. The differences between SB and MB (p=0.011), SB and CEI (p Conclusions We demonstrated increased spread of epidural contrast with programmed intermittent bolus strategies. This supports previous evidence of improved patient outcomes with PIEB strategy compared with CEI, and encourages the use of PIEB in the appropriate patient population.
China in early enlightenment political thought: by Simon Kow, London, Routledge, 2017,214 pp., $175, ISBN: 978-1138809277

Early Modern Europe depended on Jesuit missionaries for information about China. The priests were the most learned interlocutors between the two continents, in large part because their strategy of ...
‘It is our duty:’ understanding parents’ perspectives on reproductive and sexual health education

South Carolina ranks 16th in the USA for highest rates of teenage pregnancy. The South Carolina Comprehensive Health Education Act (CHEA) does not require medically accurate, unbiased, culturally appropriate materials, and varies greatly in compliance and implementation. This study aimed to better understand parents' perspectives in one county in South Carolina regarding reproductive and sexual health education. A total of 484 parents responded to a qualitative questionnaire, collectively representing 798 students. Researchers conducted a thematic analysis to organise data. Main themes identified include comprehensive reproductive and sexual health education as a duty; dispelling the myth of abstinence-only education; and the value of comprehensive reproductive and sexual health education. Parents described teaching reproductive sexual health education in public schools as a 'duty.' Furthermore, parents rejected the idea that abstinence-only education is effective and believed reproductive and sexual health education should be taught without the influence of religion. Parents valued inclusive reproductive and sexual health education, covering a robust set of topics. Findings from the study provide evidence for the need to update current reproductive and sexual health education materials and legislation to meet parental demands and reduce youth sexual and reproductive health disparities.
Evaluation of A Baculovirus-Expressed VP2 Subunit Vaccine for the Protection of White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) is an arthropod-transmitted RNA virus and the causative agent of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) in wild and domestic ruminants. In North America, white-tailed deer (WTD) experience the highest EHD-related morbidity and mortality, although clinical disease is reported in cattle during severe epizootics. No commercially licensed EHDV vaccine is available in North America. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a subunit vaccine candidate to control EHD in WTD. Recombinant VP2 (rVP2) outer capsid proteins of EHDV serotypes 2 (EHDV-2) and 6 (EHDV-6) were produced in a baculovirus-expression system. Mice and cattle vaccinated with EHDV-2 or EHDV-6 rVP2 produced homologous virus-neutralizing antibodies. In an immunogenicity/efficacy study, captive-bred WTD received 2 doses of EHDV-2 rVP2 or sham vaccine, then were challenged with wild-type EHDV-2 at 30 d post vaccination. None of the rVP2-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease, no viral RNA was detected in their blood or tissues (liver, lung, spleen, kidney), and no EHDV-induced lesions were observed. Sham-vaccinated deer developed clinical disease with viremia and typical EHD vascular lesions. Here, we demonstrate a rVP2 subunit vaccine that can provide protective immunity from EHDV infection and which may serve as an effective tool in preventing clinical EHD and reducing virus transmission.
Strategies for targeting the cardiac sarcomere: avenues for novel drug discovery.

Introduction: Heart failure remains one of the largest clinical challenges in the United States. Researchers have continually searched for more effective heart failure treatments that target the ca...
Listen up, I've done this before: The impact of self-disclosure on source credibility and risk message responses

Abstract The role of self-disclosure has gone understudied in risk and crisis communication, despite its demonstrated relevance in other literature. The current quasi-experimental study examined the impact of self-disclosure on perceptions of source credibility, motivation to seek information, and behavioral intentions. Such variables are essential for the protection of people's physical health before a risk event. The results fail to reveal main effects for self-disclosure, but suggest indirect effects whereby disclosure may drive elaboration, which in turn impacts the variables of interest. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for risk communicators and policymakers, and in directions for future research.
Integrating the Risk of Climate Change into Transportation Asset Management to Support Bridge Network-Level Decision-Making

AbstractClimate change continues to cause frequent storms, droughts, floods, and other extreme weather events, and these events are affecting transport infrastructure assets around the world. Despi...
Characteristics Among Premenarchal Girls With Lichen Sclerosus.

Objectives Lichen sclerosus (LS), a chronic inflammatory dermatosis localized in the anogenital region, is known to be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in postmenopausal women; however, there is a paucity of data on prepubertal girls. We sought to characterize the relationship between LS, LUTS, and constipation among premenarchal girls. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of premenarchal girls presenting at the pediatric adolescent gynecology and pediatric urology clinics at our institution diagnosed with vulvar LS during a 4-year period. Demographics, clinical presentation, time from onset of urinary and/or bowel symptoms to LS diagnosis, and treatment response were assessed. Analysis was completed using median, range, and nonparametric statistical analysis where appropriate. Results Nineteen premenarchal girls with LS met inclusion criteria. The median age at LS diagnosis was 6.2 years (range = 3.3-13.3 yrs). Most girls (12/19, 63.2%) presented with LUTS during LS evaluation, and 11 (57.9%) of 19 patients had constipation. Pruritus and hypopigmentation were the most frequently encountered LS symptom and sign, respectively. Fourteen (73.7%) of the 19 girls had resolution/improvement of LS symptoms after LS treatment. Of the 12 patients with LUTS, 7 (58.3%) had resolution/improvement of LUTS symptoms, 3 (25.0%) had unchanged voiding symptoms, and 2 (16.7%) had unknown changes. Conclusions Although further studies are needed to better characterize the relationship between LUTS, constipation, and LS, our findings suggest that premenarchal subjects presenting with LUTS should be assessed for LS. Likewise, patients presenting with LS should be assessed for LUTS and constipation.
The Disparate Treatment of Rights in Trade

Rights advocates are increasingly urging U.S. trade negotiators to include new binding and sanctionable provisions that would protect human rights, women’s rights, and gender equality. Their efforts are understandable. Trade agreements have significant advantages as a process for advancing global rights. Even though Congress and the Executive incorporate global environmental standards and labor rights in U.S. trade agreements, they have refused to incorporate gender rights and broader human rights. The rationale behind the United States’ disparate treatment of rights in trade has received almost no scholarly attention. That is a mistake. Using labor rights as a case study, this Article discerns the rationale for incorporating rights in U.S. trade policy. Properly understood, U.S. policymakers incorporate some rights in U.S. trade agreements because they view those rights as critical to protecting national industries and citizens from unfair trade conditions. Efforts to incorporate rights as the ends rather than the means to trade policy accordingly fail to resonate with policymakers. Those efforts also fail to appreciate the significant policy drawbacks of coupling trade law and international rights law, such as conflicts between international law and U.S. federal and state laws, and challenges to domestic processes in the United States and abroad. Nevertheless, there are alternative ways that the United States may protect global rights while preserving the sanctity of both regimes.
Structural pharmacology of TRP channels

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are a super-family of ion channels that mediate transmembrane cation flux with polymodal activation, ranging from chemical to physical stimuli. Furthermore, due to their ubiquitous expression and role in human diseases, they serve as potential pharmacological targets. Advances in cryo-EM TRP channel structural biology has revealed general, as well as diverse, architectural elements and regulatory sites among TRP channel subfamilies. Here, we review the endogenous and pharmacological ligand-binding sites of TRP channels and their regulatory mechanisms.
Examining Preservice Teachers' (PSTs’) Familiarity and Experiences with Mathematical Modeling Practices

Mathematical modeling has been recognized and highlighted in most standards and reports as an important concept to the teaching and learning of mathematics. The study investigated 208 PK–8 preservi...
Characterizing Multitasking and Workflow Fragmentation in Electronic Health Records among Emergency Department Clinicians: Using Time-Motion Data to Understand Documentation Burden

Background The impact of electronic health records (EHRs) in the emergency department (ED) remains mixed. Dynamic and unpredictable, the ED is highly vulnerable to workflow interruptions. Objectives The aim of the study is to understand multitasking and task fragmentation in the clinical workflow among ED clinicians using clinical information systems (CIS) through time-motion study (TMS) data, and inform their applications to more robust and generalizable measures of CIS-related documentation burden. Methods Using TMS data collected among 15 clinicians in the ED, we investigated the role of documentation burden, multitasking (i.e., performing physical and communication tasks concurrently), and workflow fragmentation in the ED. We focused on CIS-related tasks, including EHRs. Results We captured 5,061 tasks and 877 communications in 741 locations within the ED. Of the 58.7 total hours observed, 44.7% were spent on CIS-related tasks; nearly all CIS-related tasks focused on data-viewing and data-entering. Over one-fifth of CIS-related task time was spent on multitasking. The mean average duration among multitasked CIS-related tasks was shorter than non-multitasked CIS-related tasks (20.7 s vs. 30.1 s). Clinicians experienced 1.4 ± 0.9 task switches/min, which increased by one-third when multitasking. Although multitasking was associated with a significant increase in the average duration among data-entering tasks, there was no significant effect on data-viewing tasks. When engaged in CIS-related task switches, clinicians were more likely to return to the same CIS-related task at higher proportions while multitasking versus not multitasking. Conclusion Multitasking and workflow fragmentation may play a significant role in EHR documentation among ED clinicians, particularly among data-entering tasks. Understanding where and when multitasking and workflow fragmentation occurs is a crucial step to assessing potentially burdensome clinician tasks and mitigating risks to patient safety. These findings may guide future research on developing more scalable and generalizable measures of CIS-related documentation burden that do not necessitate direct observation techniques (e.g., EHR log files).
The New CalCOFI and Fisheries

The future of CalCOFI includes new roles to play and the incorporation of new types of information derived from ocean observing systems. An important role is contributions to Ecosystem Based Management (EBM). The involvement of CalCOFI in the historical development of ecosystem science helps to inform the role that CalCOFI can play in the development of an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) for the California Current System. I first define the terms for EBM, IEA and Coastal Marine Spatial Planning, before discussing how CalCOFI can contribute to Ecosystem Based Management. The development of indicators for the state of the ecosystem can be approached in many ways, but CalCOFI offers a unique opportunity to develop fishery-independent indicators for the California Current System, both because of the length and quality of the time series, and because of the remarkable taxonomic resolution of the ichthyoplankton database. The ichthyoplankton assemblage data provide information about spatial and temporal variability in the system that can be combined with indices based on physical oceanography. The new indices will provide much more specific information about the state of the system than do uni-variate indicators based on temperature, or large-scale climate indices related to ENSO, PDO, or NPGO. Ocean observing systems in the California Current incorporating gliders, moorings, and satellites in combination with high-resolution models will play an increasing role in CalCOFI in the future.
Network Connectivity Abnormality Profile Supports a Categorical-Dimensional Hybrid Model of ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, but there is no consensus regarding whether ADHD exists on the extreme end of a continuum of normal behavior or represents a discrete disorder. In this study, we sought to characterize both the categorical and dimensional variations in network functional connectivity in order to identify neural connectivity mechanisms of ADHD. Functional connectivity analyses of resting-state fMRI data from 155 children with ADHD and 145 typically developing children (TDC) defined the dorsal attention network (DA), default mode network (DM), salience processing network (SAL) and executive control network (CON). Regional alterations in connectivity associated with categorical diagnoses and dimensional symptom measures (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) as well as their interaction were systematically characterized. Dimensional relationships between symptom severity measures and functional connectivity that did not differ between TDC and children with ADHD were observed for each network, supporting a dimensional characterization of ADHD. However, categorical differences in functional connectivity magnitude between TDC and children with ADHD were detected after accounting for dimensional relationships, indicating the existence of categorical mechanisms independent of dimensional effects. Additionally, differential dimensional relationships for TDC versus ADHD children demonstrated categorical differences in brain-behavior relationships. The patterns of network functional organization associated with categorical versus dimensional measures of ADHD accentuate the complexity of this disorder and support a dual characterization of ADHD etiology featuring both dimensional and categorical mechanisms.