cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Quality of Pediatric Resuscitative Care Across a Spectrum of Emergency Departments.

Importance The quality of pediatric resuscitative care delivered across the spectrum of emergency departments (EDs) in the United States is poorly described. In a recent study, more than 4000 EDs completed the Pediatric Readiness Survey (PRS); however, the correlation of PRS scores with the quality of simulated or real patient care has not been described. Objective To measure and compare the quality of resuscitative care delivered to simulated pediatric patients across a spectrum of EDs and to examine the correlation of PRS scores with quality measures. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective multicenter cohort study evaluated 58 interprofessional teams in their native pediatric or general ED resuscitation bays caring for a series of 3 simulated critically ill patients (sepsis, seizure, and cardiac arrest). Main Outcomes and Measures A composite quality score (CQS) was measured as the sum of 4 domains: (1) adherence to sepsis guidelines, (2) adherence to cardiac arrest guidelines, (3) performance on seizure resuscitation, and (4) teamwork. Pediatric Readiness Survey scores and health care professional demographics were collected as independent data. Correlations were explored between CQS and individual domain scores with PRS. Results Overall, 58 teams from 30 hospitals participated (8 pediatric EDs [PEDs], 22 general EDs [GEDs]). The mean CQS was 71 (95% CI, 68-75); PEDs had a higher mean CQS (82; 95% CI, 79-85) vs GEDs (66; 95% CI, 63-69) and outperformed GEDs in all domains. However, when using generalized estimating equations to estimate CQS controlling for clustering of the data, PED status did not explain a higher CQS (β = 4.28; 95% CI, −4.58 to 13.13) while the log of pediatric patient volume did explain a higher CQS (β = 9.57; 95% CI, 2.64-16.49). The correlation of CQS to PRS was moderate ( r = 0.51; P r = 0.24; P = .07), weak for sepsis (ρ = 0.45; P P = .001), and strong for teamwork (ρ = 0.71; P Conclusions and Relevance This multicenter study noted significant differences in the quality of simulated pediatric resuscitative care across a spectrum of EDs. The CQS was higher in PEDs compared with GEDs. However, when controlling for pediatric patient volume and other variables in a multivariable model, PED status does not explain a higher CQS while pediatric patient volume does. The correlation of the PRS was moderate for simulation-based measures of quality.
Privacy and Censorship: Another Look

A traditional expectation for publicly funded libraries is that they should be institutions where patron records are kept confidential and a standard of privacy is maintained. After the events of 911, methods increasing search and surveillance powers and reducing legal protections were drafted into law as the “Patriot Act.” Searching patron records can be rendered ineffective by library procedures that keep identifiable information to a minimum. Librarians must make responsible collection development decisions while avoiding the pitfalls of censorship. Information has value, and can help or hinder those in the pursuit of goals. Outsourcing collection development decisions is, therefore, not an ideal practice. Librarians should use their training and experience in the selection of information materials.
Predicting the dewatering performance of belt filter presses

Two sewage sludges were used to compare full-scale belt press performance to two types of laboratory devices to determine if either could be used to predict the performance. The wedge zone simulator (WZS) could accurately predict polymer demand, filtrate quality and cake solids. The shear tester used with a CST device was no better (ban a free drainage test at predicting polymer requirements.
Positive Feedback in the Cerebro-Cerebellar Recurrent Network May Explain Rotation of Population Vectors

It has been postulated that descending motor commands from the motor cortex and cerebellum are generated by recurrent networks driven by positive feedback. Computer simulation of a reaching task was used to examine this theory. Twelve two-cellt reciprocally connected elements were connected in a loop, and each element was assigned a preferred direction. Cerebellar inhibition levels were set for each element to produce a movement in a desired direction. When a stimulus was given in the desired direction, the population vector grew in the desired direction. When a stimulus was given 90° away from the desired direction, the population vector rotated to the desired direction as seen in data from neuronal recordings in the motor cortex of monkeys during movement. These results demonstrate that networks driven by positive feedback can account for the rotation of the direction vector observed in the motor cortex during reaching
Patient-specific biomathematical model to predict benefit of resection in human gliomas.

e13017 Background: Gliomas are incurable, primary brain tumors noted for their invasion of brain parenchyma. Our goal was to apply a biomathematical model to estimate the overall tumor invasiveness...
Impact of variant histology on disease-specific mortality and survival in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): A population-based analysis.

332Background: Prior studies have reported that variant histology is associated with poor outcomes in NMIBC. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database to compare disease specific survival (DSS) and mortality (DSM) among the different variant histologies and urothelial carcinoma (UC). Methods: Patients diagnosed with NMIBC (Ta, Tis, T1) between 2004 and 2012 were eligible for analysis. Patients were separated into cohorts based on histology: UC and variant histology which included micro-papillary variant (MPV), neuroendocrine (NEC), squamous (SCC), adenocarcinoma (AC) and other variants (e.g., lymphoepithelial, giant cell, undifferentiated/anaplastic, sarcomatoid). Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to evaluate the impact of variant histology on DSM after adjusting for other covariates. DSS was estimated amongst the different histologic and treatment groups using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using Log-rank test. Results: We identi...
Optimal meal time after bolusing for Type 1 diabetes patients under meal uncertainties

The focus of this paper is on the characterization of the uncertainties in the evolving states of a diabetic model, to permit a study of the impact of the time interval between insulin bolusing and meal initiation on hypo- and hyperglycemic events. A polynomial chaos based approach is used to characterize the independent uncertainties in the initial condition and meal size. Galerkin projection of the resulting equations reduce the stochastic differential equations to a set of deterministic equations. This forms the framework to optimize for the post bolusing time to initiate the meal. Two cost functions are considered which correspond to the postprandial hypo- and hyperglycemic excursions of the blood glucose. Numerical results from the minimal Bergman model suggest a 13 and 14 minute interval between bolusing and the initiation of the meal.
Organizational Boundary Management: Why, When and How?

This paper explores the phenomenon of organizational boundary management between the work and the non-work sphere from the perspective of the organization rather than the employee. Expansion and in...
Normal values for mean corpuscular volume as determined by the Model S Coulter Counter.

The range of 82 to 92 cu. μ . generally accepted as normal for mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the United States was found to be too low when determinations were made with the Model S Coulter Counter. The mean MCV for 200 blood specimens from a mixed population was 91.4 cu. μ , with a normal range of 84 to 99 cu. μ . This is in close agreement with the findings of another independent study in which MCV was calculated from manually obtained hematocrits and erythrocyte counts.
Contact engineering of monolayer CVD MOS 2 transistors

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic device applications. However, the development of a viable TMD device technology requires an effective strategy for making low-resistance contacts to these materials. In addition, large-area synthesis of low-defect TMD crystals is essential for transforming basic device studies into commercial products. Here, we show large-area synthesis of monolayer (ML) MoS 2 using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) with electron mobility of ∼64cm2/V.s at room temperature. We performed contact engineering through a combination of work function engineering and effective n-type doping of MoS 2 using engineered sub-stoichiometric HfO x . Our results indicate significant reduction of the contact resistance to ∼480Ω.μm without degrading key transistor properties such as subthreshold swing (∼125mV/dec), mobility (∼64cm2/V.s), and I ON /I OFF ratio (>106).
A game theory analysis of green infrastructure stormwater management policies

Green stormwater infrastructure has been demonstrated as an innovative water resources management approach that addresses multiple challenges facing urban environments. However, there is little consensus on what policy strategies can be used to best incentivize green infrastructure adoption by private landowners. Game theory, an analysis framework that has historically been under-utilized within the context of stormwater management, is uniquely suited to address this policy question. We used a cooperative game theory framework to investigate the potential impacts of different policy strategies used to incentivize green infrastructure installation. The results indicate that municipal regulation leads to the greatest reduction in pollutant loading. However, the choice of the “best” regulatory approach will depend on a variety of different factors including politics and financial considerations. Large, downstream agents have a disproportionate share of bargaining power. Results also reveal that policy impacts are highly dependent on agents' spatial position within the stormwater network, leading to important questions of social equity and environmental justice.
From high-level radio protocol specifications to efficient low-level implementations via partial evaluation

Software-defined radio (SDR) is a challenging domain for language designers. To be useful in the real world, radio protocol implementations must operate at high data rates with low latency, yet to be useful to implementers, a language should allow programmers to express algorithms at a high level of abstraction without having to worry about the very low-level details that are necessary for meeting performance requirements. Ziria demonstrated that a high-level language for writing wireless physical layer (PHY) protocols could be competitive with hand-written C++, but only in a context where performance-critical computations, such as FFT and Viterbi, were still written in C++ and accessed via a foreign function interface. We demonstrate that a new implementation of Ziria, embodied in the kzc compiler, allows even performance-critical blocks such as FFT and Viterbi to be written in a high-level language without sacrificing performance. Because kzc performs whole-program optimization, a radio protocol pipeline using an implementation of Viterbi written in Ziria can outperform an implementation that calls out to . The contributions of this paper fall into two categories. First, we describe two new optimizations in kzc, both of which are critical for wringing performance out of high-level code: an aggressive partial evaluator for Ziria programs, and an automatic lookup-table (LUT) generator. Second, we show how these optimizations allow the efficient implementation of three performance-critical blocks in Ziria: Viterbi decoding, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and the inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).
Abstract TP144: EEG-Based Brain Computer Interface Therapy for the Restoration of Distal Upper Extremity Motor Function

Introduction: This current study is part of a larger, on-going clinical trial (NCT02098265), which evaluates non-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) based brain-computer interface(BCI) therapy f...
Neuregulin‐1 is a chemoattractant and chemokinetic molecule for trunk neural crest cells

Background: Trunk neural crest cells migrate rapidly along characteristic pathways within the developing vertebrate embryo. Proper trunk neural crest cell migration is necessary for the morphogenesis of much of the peripheral nervous system, melanocytes, and the adrenal medulla. Numerous molecules help guide trunk neural crest cell migration throughout the early embryo. Results: Here, we show that the trophic factor NRG1 is a chemoattractant through in vitro chemotaxis assays and in vivo silencing via a DN-erbB receptor. Interestingly, we also observed changes in migratory responses consistent with a chemokinetic effect of NRG1 in trunk neural crest velocity. Conclusions: NRG1 is a trunk neural crest cell chemoattractant and chemokinetic molecule. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Erster epileptischer Anfall im erwerbsfähigen Alter: Prognose-adaptiertes Management

Hintergrund Die Frage des angemessenen Managements nach einem ersten epileptischen Anfall verursacht nicht selten Unsicherheit. Dies betrifft vier Themenbereiche: die Diagnostik; die Einschatzung des Rezidivrisikos; die Beratung des Patienten bezuglich einer antiepileptischen Pharmakotherapie sowie deren weiterer arztlicher Begleitung; und die sozialmedizinische Bewertung (Fahreignung, berufliche Eignung). Methodik Zusammenfassung der relevanten Datenlage zu diesen Themenfeldern und daraus abgeleitete Empfehlungen zum praktischen Umgang mit ersten epileptischen Anfallen im erwerbsfahigen Alter. Ergebnis Nach der Klarung, ob es sich um einen epileptischen Anfall gehandelt hat, dient die Diagnostik einerseits dazu, akut-symptomatische und potenziell behandlungsbedurftige Ursachen zu erkennen, andererseits zur Abschatzung des Rezidivrisikos. Dieses hangt weniger davon ab, ob eine Epilepsie diagnostiziert werden kann. Risikoerhohend sind vielmehr – auch additiv – das Vorliegen folgender Merkmale: epilepsietypische Aktivitat im EEG, bildgebender Nachweis einer Hirnlasion, zerebrale Vorerkrankung oder Auftreten des Anfalls aus dem Schlaf. Je hoher das Rezidivrisiko, desto starker scheint der rezidivprophylaktische Effekt einer antiepileptischen Pharmakotherapie zu sein und desto eher wird man dafur optieren. Die Entscheidung hieruber wird gemeinsam mit dem Patienten getroffen unter Berucksichtigung seiner Praferenzen und seiner sozialen Situation (z. B. Angewiesensein auf die Fahreignung, berufliche Besonderheiten). In der weiteren Begleitung kommt der Sicherung der Adharenz eine entscheidende Rolle zu. Fur die Frist bis zur Wiedererlangung der Fahreignung und der Eignung, bestimmte berufliche Tatigkeiten (wieder) auszuuben, gibt es verbindliche Regelungen.
Restoration of T Cell function in multi-drug resistant bacterial sepsis after interleukin-7, anti-PD-L1, and OX-40 administration.

Background Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens are a serious problem of increasing importance facing the medical community. MDR bacteria typically infect the most immunologically vulnerable: patients in intensive care units, patients with extensive comorbidities, oncology patients, hemodialysis patients, and other immune suppressed individuals are likely to fall victim to these pathogens. One promising novel approach to treatment of MDR bacteria is immuno-adjuvant therapy to boost patient immunity. Success with this strategy would have the major benefit of providing protection against a number of MDR pathogens. Objectives This study had two main objectives. First, immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with sepsis associated with MDR bacteria was performed to examine for findings indicative of immunosuppression. Second, the ability of three immuno-adjuvants with distinct mechanisms of action to reverse CD4 and CD8 T cell dysfunction, a pathophysiological hallmark of sepsis, was evaluated. Results Septic patients with MDR bacteria had increased expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 and decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression compared to non-septic patients. All three immuno-adjuvants, IL-7, anti-PD-L1, and OX-40L, increased T cell production of IFN-γ in a subset of septic patients with MDR bacteria: IL-7 was most efficacious. There was a strong trend toward increased mortality in patients whose T cells failed to increase IFN-γ production in response to the three treatments. Conclusion Immuno-adjuvant therapy reversed T cell dysfunction, a key pathophysiological mechanism in septic patients with MDR bacteria.
Student-Athletes’ Mental Health Help-Seeking Experiences: A Mixed Methodological Approach

This study investigated six National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I student-athletes’ experiences of seeking help for a mental health concern using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a co...
Reconfigurable infrared hyperbolic metasurfaces using phase-change materials (Conference Presentation)

Metasurfaces control light propagation at the nanoscale for applications in both free-space and surface-confined geometries. However, all recent designs have exhibited concepts using geometrically fixed structures, or used materials with excessive propagation losses, thereby limiting potential applications. Here we show how to overcome these limitations using a reconfigurable hyperbolic metasurface comprising a heterostructure of isotopically enriched hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in direct contact with a phase-change material (PCM), single crystal vanadium dioxide (VO2). Metallic and dielectric domains in VO2 provide spatially localized changes in the local dielectric environment to tune the wavelength of hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) supported in hBN by a factor of 1.6. This contrasts with earlier work using surface phonon polaritons, where propagation could only be observed above a low-loss dielectric phase. We demonstrate the first realization of in-plane HPhP refraction, which obeys Snell’s law and the means for launching, reflecting and transmitting HPhPs at the PCM domain boundaries. To demonstrate practical applications of this platform, we show how hBN could be combined with either VO2 or GeSbTe glasses to make refractive nanophotonic waveguides and lenses. This approach offers control of in-plane HPhP propagation at the nanoscale and exemplifies a reconfigurable framework combining hyperbolic media and PCMs to design new optical functionalities including resonant cavities, beam steering and waveguiding.
Negotiating the Creative Space in Human-Robot Collaborative Design

We describe a physical interactive system for human-robot collaborative design (HRCD) consisting of a tangible user interface (TUI) and a robotic arm that simultaneously manipulates the TUI with the human designer. In an observational study of 12 participants exploring a complex design problem together with the robot, we find that human designers have to negotiate both the physical and the creative space with the machine. They also often ascribe social meaning to the robot's pragmatic behaviors. Based on these findings, we propose four considerations for future HRCD systems: managing the shared workspace, communicating preferences about design goals, respecting different design styles, and taking into account the social meaning of design acts.
Toward Artificial Emotional Intelligence for Cooperative Social Human–Machine Interaction

The aptitude to identify the emotional states of others and response to exposed emotions is an important aspect of human social intelligence. Robots are expected to be prevalent in society to assist humans in various tasks. Human–robot interaction (HRI) is of critical importance in the assistive robotics sector. Smart digital assistants and assistive robots fail quite often when a request is not well defined verbally. When the assistant fails to provide services as desired, the person may exhibit an emotional response such as anger or frustration through expressions in their face and voice. It is critical that robots understand not only the language, but also human psychology. A novel affection-based perception architecture for cooperative HRIs is studied in this paper, where the agent is expected to recognize human emotional states, thus encourages a natural bonding between the human and the robotic artifact. We propose a method to close the loop using measured emotions to grade HRIs. This metric will be used as a reward mechanism to adjust the assistant’s behavior adaptively. Emotion levels from users are detected through vision and speech inputs processed by deep neural networks (NNs). Negative emotions exhibit a change in performance until the user is satisfied.
Current trends in molecular functional monolayers

Molecular monolayers on surfaces have emerged as a promising platform for versatile applications such as nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, chemical and biosensors, and photovoltaic materials, due to increased functionality needs of base surfaces. Functional monolayers on gold, silicon, diamond, indium tin oxide (ITO), quartz, nanoparticles, and quantum dots are feasible with covalent and non-covalent interactions, selective activation, layer-by-layer deposition, and weak Van der Waals forces. Although in the last few decades many reports have been published on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), the first breakthrough occurred in early 1946 with surface functionalization of metallic surfaces. Investigating structural details of monolayers, molecular design–property relationships, intramolecular rearrangement, time required to form stable monolayers, and general characterization techniques will be discussed in this chapter. The current trends of polymers use for anti-adhesion coatings, anti-reflection coatings, patterned SAMs, device applications, immobilizing biomolecules for sensors and DNA sequencing will also be addressed.
Wearable cardioverter-defibrillators in pediatric cardiomyopathy: A cost-utility analysis.

Background Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiomyopathy in children. Patients with severe cardiac dysfunction are thought to be at risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). After diagnosis, a period of medical optimization is recommended before permanent implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Wearable cardioverter-defibrillators (WCDs) provide an option for arrhythmia protection as an outpatient during this optimization. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy that optimizes cost and survival during medical optimization of a patient with DCM before ICD placement. Methods A Markov state transition model was constructed for the 3 clinical approaches to compare costs, clinical outcomes, and quality of life: (1) "Inpatient," (2) "Home-WCD," and (3) "Home-No WCD." Transitional probabilities, costs, and utility metrics were extracted from the existing literature. Cost-effectiveness was assessed comparing each paradigm's incremental cost-effectiveness ratio against a societal willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year. Results The cost-utility analysis illustrated that Home-WCD met the willingness-to-pay threshold with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $20,103 per quality-adjusted life year and 4 mortalities prevented per 100 patients as compared with Home-No WCD. One-way sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Home-No WCD became the most cost-effective solution when the probability of SCA fell below 0.2% per week, the probability of SCA survival with a WCD fell below 9.8%, or the probability of SCA survival with Home-No WCD quadrupled from base-case assumptions. Conclusion Based on the existing literature probabilities of SCA in pediatric patients with DCM undergoing medical optimization before ICD implantation, sending a patient home with a WCD may be a cost-effective strategy.
Towards a Service-Oriented Architecture for Pre-Processing Crowd-Sourced Sentiment from Twitter

Online social media platforms like Twitter, provide opinion rich repositories for conducting sentiment analysis. Users engage in open discussions on a variety of topics across a wide cross-section of problem domains. Commercial, government, educational, non-profit and other types of agencies are increasingly relying on extracting conversations on Twitter to determine the general sentiment of the public on particular topics, products, services and issues. Despite being readily available and in abundance, it is also laced with nuances which can disrupt, skew and potentially lead to inaccurate analysis if not handled properly. In this paper, we propose an SOA framework to enable the pre-processing of data origination on Twitter, and configurable components that allow data consumers to filter the data using useful social media signals.
Impact of Donor Hepatitis C Virus on Kidney Transplant Outcomes for Hepatitis C-positive Recipients in the Direct-acting Antiviral Era: Time to Revise the Kidney Donor Risk Index?

Background Kidneys from donors with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are traditionally considered to be at risk for poorer survival outcomes, as reflected in the kidney donor profile index (KDPI). Modern direct-acting antivirals may modify this risk. Methods Using United Network for Organ Sharing data, HCV-infected adult first-time kidney transplant recipients from 2014 to 2017 were examined. Graft and patient survival were compared in a propensity-matched cohort of recipients of HCV antibody (Ab)(+) kidneys versus Ab(-) kidneys. Subsequent analysis was performed in a propensity-matched cohort of recipients of HCV-viremic (RNA positive) versus HCV-naive kidneys. Results There were 379 recipients each in the matched cohort of recipients of HCV Ab(+) versus HCV Ab(-) kidneys. Despite a higher KDPI (58.2% for HCV Ab[+] versus 38.8% for HCV Ab[-]), 1-year patient and graft survival were similar in the HCV(+) and HCV(-) groups (95.4% and 94.9% versus 97.9% and 96.0%, P = 0.543 and P = 0.834, respectively). There were 200 recipients each in the cohort of recipients of HCV-viremic versus HCV-naive kidneys, with the KDPI again higher in the HCV-viremic group (56.8% versus 35.2%). Baseline hazard ratios (HRs) for graft failure (HR, 4.69; P = 0.009) and death (HR, 7.60; P = 0.003) were significantly elevated in the viremic group, but crossed 1 at 21 and 24 months, respectively. Conclusions In the modern direct-acting antiviral era, calculated likely KDPI overestimates risk kidneys from HCV (+) donors. Donor viremia conveys an early risk which appears to subside over time. These results suggest that it may be time to revise the kidney donor risk index.
Developing effective and efficient genomic educational tools for our diverse population.

As genetics is increasingly integrated into medicine, there is a pressing need for scalable genomic education that address the needs of our diverse population. Traditionally, genomic education and counseling are provided by genetic counselors in-person, one-on-one, in a pre- and post- testing model.
El modelo de difusión de innovaciones de Rogers en la bibliometría mexicana

espanolEl objetivo de este articulo es explorar el modelo de difusion de las innovaciones propuesto por Rogers aplicandolo a los productores de la literatura publicada sobre las “metrias” en Mexico. Como unidades de analisis fueron tomados cada uno de los articulos publicados en revistas academicas, capitulos de libros, y trabajos presentados en congresos que trataron algunos de los aspectos de los estudios metricos o las aplicaciones de estas tecnicas en una disciplina o subcampo determinado en Mexico, o por mexicanos que publicaron documentos sobre este asunto fuera de Mexico. El periodo cubierto va desde los primeros trabajos publicados a inicios de la decada de los 70 hasta diciembre del 2017. Se encontraron 690 documentos producidos y publicados por 1410 autores diferentes en el periodo de investigacion. La teoria de la difusion de las innovaciones ayuda a acompanar el desarrollo historico de la bibliometria mexicana identificando adecuadamente a sus innovadores, adoptantes iniciales, y demas categorias de la teoria de la difusion de las innovaciones de Rogers. EnglishThe objective of this article is to explore the model of diffusion of the innovations suggested by Rogers applying it to the producers of the literature published on the “metrics” in Mexico. As units of analysis were taken each of the articles published in academic journals, book chapters, and papers presented at conferences that addressed some of the aspects of metric studies or the applications of these techniques in a discipline or subfield in Mexico or by Mexicans who published documents on this matter outside of Mexico. The period covered ranges from the first papers published at the beginning of the 1970s up to December 2017. 690 documents were produced and published by 1410 different authors in the research period. The theory of the diffusion of innovations helps to accompany the historical development of Mexican bibliometrics by adequately identifying its innovators, initial adopters, and other categories of the theory of the diffusion of innovations of Rogers.
Depression severity is associated with impaired facial emotion processing in a large international sample.

Abstract Background Depression is associated with biases in facial emotion processing, which have an impact on the course and treatment of depression. While decades of research have established a negativity bias in processing in depression, there is still a gap in our understanding of how depression severity impacts sensitivity to detecting differences in emotional faces. Methods We examined emotion sensitivity (ES), or the ability to to detect subtle differences in emotional faces, in a large, geographically and culturally diverse, web-based sample (N = 6598, age range = 18–96, 56.50% female, 66% Caucasian). Participants completed ES tasks (fear, anger, or happiness) and a Beck Depression Inventory-II, to determine depression severity. Results Depression severity was correlated with overall ES performance as well as ES performance for individual emotions. Higher depression scores were associated with poorer performance in detecting happiness, fear, and anger (ps Limitations Our sample is non-clinical and self-selected. Conclusions This study is an extension of existing research on emotional facial processing, with an approach that takes into consideration the heterogeneity of depression symptoms and corrects psychometric confounds of traditional emotion face processing paradigms. Overall, factors related to severity, task reliability, and facial stimuli should be considered in determining the potential mechanism of facial emotion processing in the onset and course of depression.
Hypervelocity A & B Stars should be slow rotators

The most commonly accepted explanation for the origin of hypervelocity stars in the halo of the Milky Way is that they are the result of tidal disruption of binaries by the massive black hole at the center of the Galaxy. We show that, if this scenario is correct, and if the original binary properties are similar to those in the local stellar neighbourhood, then the hypervelocity stars should rotate with velocities measureably lower than those for field stars of similar spectral type. This may prove to be a more direct test of the model than trying to predict the position and velocity distributions.
Microfibers from synthetic textiles as a major source of microplastics in the environment: A review:

Microplastic fibers, also known as microfibers, are the most abundant microplastic forms found in the environment. Microfibers are released in massive numbers from textile garments during home laun...
Traces and extensions of certain weighted Sobolev spaces on $$\mathbb {R}^n$$ R n and Besov functions on Ahlfors regular compact subsets of $$\mathbb {R}^n$$ R n

The focus of this paper is on Ahlfors Q-regular compact sets $$E\subset \mathbb {R}^n$$ such that, for each $$Q-2<\alpha \le 0$$ , the weighted measure $$\mu _{\alpha }$$ given by integrating the density $$\omega (x)=\text {dist}(x, E)^\alpha $$ yields a Muckenhoupt $$\mathcal {A}_p$$ -weight in a ball B containing E. For such sets E we show the existence of a bounded linear trace operator acting from $$W^{1,p}(B,\mu _\alpha )$$ to $$B^\theta _{p,p}(E, \mathcal {H}^Q\vert _E)$$ when $$0<\theta <1-\tfrac{\alpha +n-Q}{p}$$ , and the existence of a bounded linear extension operator from $$B^\theta _{p,p}(E, \mathcal {H}^Q\vert _E)$$ to $$W^{1,p}(B, \mu _\alpha )$$ when $$1-\tfrac{\alpha +n-Q}{p}\le \theta <1$$ . We illustrate these results with E as the Sierpinski carpet, the Sierpinski gasket, and the von Koch snowflake.
On the distribution of the time-integral of the geometric Brownian motion

Abstract We study the numerical evaluation of several functions appearing in the small time expansion of the distribution of the time-integral of the geometric Brownian motion as well as its joint distribution with the terminal value of the underlying Brownian motion. A precise evaluation of these distributions is relevant for the simulation of stochastic volatility models with log-normally distributed volatility, and Asian option pricing in the Black–Scholes model. We derive series expansions for these distributions, which can be used for numerical evaluations. Using tools from complex analysis, we determine the convergence radius and large order asymptotics of the coefficients in these expansions. We construct an efficient numerical approximation of the joint distribution of the time-integral of the gBM and its terminal value, and illustrate its application to Asian option pricing in the Black–Scholes model.
Comparing and combining sliding semilandmarks and weighted spherical harmonics for shape analysis.

Quantifying morphological variation is critical for conducting anatomical research. Three-dimensional geometric morphometric (3D GM) landmark analyses quantify shape using homologous Cartesian coordinates (landmarks). Setting up a high-density landmark set and placing it on all specimens, however, can be a time-consuming task. Weighted spherical harmonics (SPHARM) provides an alternative method for analyzing the shape of such objects. Here we compare sliding semilandmark and SPHARM analyses of the calcaneus of Gorilla gorilla gorilla (n = 20), Pan troglodytes troglodytes (n = 20), and Homo sapiens (n = 20) to determine whether the SPHARM and sliding semilandmark analyses capture comparable levels of shape variation. We also compare both the sliding semilandmark and SPHARM analyses to a novel combination of the two methods, here termed SPHARM-sliding. In SPHARM-sliding, the vertices of the surface models produced from the SPHARM analysis (that are the same in number and relative location) are used as the starting landmark positions for a sliding semilandmark analysis. Calcaneal shape variation quantified by all three analyses was summarized using separate principal components analyses. Results were compared using the root mean square (RMS) and maximum distance between surface models of species averages scaled (up) to centroid size created from each analysis. The average RMS was 0.23 mm between sliding semilandmark and SPHARM average surface models, 0.19 mm between SPHARM and SPHARM sliding average surface models, and 0.22 mm between sliding semilandmark and SPHARM sliding average surface models. Although results indicate that all three analyses are comparable methods for 3D shape analysis, there are advantages and disadvantages to each. While the SPHARM analysis is less time-intensive, it is unable to capture the same level of detail around the sharp edges of articular facets on average surface models as the sliding semilandmark analysis. The SPHARM analysis also does not allow for individual articular facets to be analyzed in isolation. SPHARM-sliding, however, captures the same level of detail as the sliding semilandmark analysis, and (as in the sliding semilandmark analysis) allows for the evaluation of individual portions of bone. SPHARM is a comparable method to a 3D GM analysis for small, irregularly shaped bones, such as the calcaneus, and SPHARM-sliding allows for an expedited set up process for a sliding semilandmark analysis.
Cuatro formas de construir un predicador en América. Notas para un estudio sobre las conexiones entre predicación barroca y discurso criollo en el siglo XVII

In this article I make a chronological journey through the works of four representative Creole men of letters who, in an implicit and explicit way, propose possible images to think about the Creole preacher´s figure in the seventeenth century. These discursive contributions come from heterogeneous temporalities and spaces, highlighting the degree of complexity and diversity that can be found in the way in which different writers postulated a possible image of the new American preacher.
Multivariate Bartlett Test

The multivariate Bartlett test is used to test for homogeneity of covariance matrices. This is important, for example, prior to employing Hotelling's T2 test or multivariate analysis of variance to test the equality of two or more mean vectors as these procedures assume homogeneity of covariance matrices. Keywords: homogeneity; covariance matrices; MANOVA; Box's M test
Landscape Images in Amazonian Narrative: The Role of Oral History in Environmental Research

Oral history still plays a minor role in the environmental research disciplines. In this study, I present the richness of Amazonian narrative ex­tracted from oral history, as a source of environmental facts and symbols concerning how Amazonians interact and perceive their ecosystem. Narra­tives are analysed as a set of structures that reflect on the biological, cultural and physical elements of the Amazonian landscape. The oral history interview process allows Amazonians to reflect on their landscape aesthetics prefer­ences, leading to bottom-up proposals for Amazonian conservation, and re­construction of landscape changes. Finally, the study proposes the oral history approach as a method that democratises the researching and interpre­tation of landscapes.
J-integral applied to stress-strain concentrations

Abstract J. R. Rice's 1968 paper introduced the J- integral for analysis of stress concentrations at cracks and notches. Using the J- integral , we develop a new approach for estimating stress-strain concentrations at notches. We consider a three-point-bend specimen containing a notch with a semi-circular root. We show that direct finite element analysis results for stress-strain concentrations at notch roots depend strongly on mesh refinement, while both the J- integral and the notch root stress and strain calculated from the J- integral are much less sensitive to mesh refinement. We also show that, since the J- integral is nearly insensitive to small-scale yielding, the computational burden of analyzing notches can be reduced significantly by using linear elastic analysis and by avoiding the need for mesh refinement at notch roots. An example of application of this method to life prediction is given.
Fine Structure and Iteration Trees

0. Introduction.- 1. Good Extender Sequences.- 2. Fine Structure.- 3. Squashed Mice.- 4. Ultrapowers.- 5. Iteration Trees.- 6. Uniqueness of Wellfounded Branches.- 7. The Comparison Process.- 8. Solidity and Condensation.- 9. Uniqueness of the Next Extender.- 10. Closure under Initial Segment.- 11. The Construction.- 12. Iterability.- References.- Index of Definitions.
Retinal pigment epithelial cells secrete interleukin-6 in response to interleukin-1.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a peptide whose properties include the ability to activate T-lymphocytes, stimulate the secretion of immunoglobulin, induce neuronal differentiation, and trigger the release of acute phase proteins. We have detected IL-6-like activity in conditioned medium from cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with a bioassay based on the ability of IL-6 to induce the proliferation of murine B-9 plasmacytoma cells. Biologic activity increased approximately 90-fold when the cells were cultured in the presence of IL-la (30 units/ml). Western blot analysis confirmed that conditioned medium from IL-la-stimulated RPE cells contained peptides with molecular weights ranging between 19,000 and 30,000 and reactive with antibody to IL-6. Finally, Northern blot analysis indicated that cells cultured in the presence of interleukin-1 contained a 1.2 kilobase transcript that hybridized to a cDNA probe specific for IL-6 messenger RNA. IL-6 peptide on Western blots and mRNA on Northern blots were undetectable unless cells were cultured in the presence of IL-la. Although IL-6 is synthesized by a variety of cell types, this report is the first to detect its synthesis by an eye-specific cell type. Furthermore, these observations indicate that retinal pigment epithelial cells respond to IL-1, a cytokine that previously has been implicated in ocular inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 33:78-82, 1992.
Rapid Growth Potential and its Realisation: The Experience of Capitalist Economies in the Postwar Period

Dramatic statements about the remarkable growth of the industrialised market economies are by now superfluous. The forces which account for this notable experience, however, still challenge explanation. And without a well-tested explanation, we are in a poor position to say whether rapid growth has now come to an end or whether it is likely to be resumed. Equally, we are in a poor position to suggest what policies might regenerate and sustain rapid growth were that an agreed aim of public policy.
Efficient Communication in the Folded Petersen Interconnection Network

The folded Petersen network is constructed by iteratively applying the cartesian product operation on the well-known Petersen graph. This topology provides regularity, node- and edge-symmetry, optimal connectivity (and therefore maximal fault-tolerance), logarithmic diameter and modularity. With the same node-degree and connectivity, the n-folded Petersen network, F P n , has smaller diameter with more nodes than the 3n-dimensional binary hypercube Q 3n , and its packing density is higher compared to several other product networks.
Women’s Reproductive Health: Visual Media Workshops at Douglass Residential College

Women's reproductive health care has been, especially in the last year, a very controversial topic highly debated among male politicians legislating women's bodies. The problem then becomes that women's voices on their reproductive bodies are ironically condoned. In response, for my Institute of Women’s Leadership Scholar’s Program Social Action Project, I developed and implemented a series of art workshops at various dorms at Douglass Residential College which explored young women’s voices on their reproductive bodies through art. Author’s Note Srutika Sabu is an undergraduate student at Rutgers University, New Brunswick who is pursuing a major in Biotechnology and a minor in Women and Gender Studies along with being an Institute of Women's Leadership Scholar. In her spare time, Srutika gets in touch with her creative side, mainly as a digital painting artist. Although she currently resides in New Jersey and often gets mistaken as an American, she is actually a Canadian. 1. Controversies: The Political Football That is Women’s Reproductive Health Leading up to the 2012 Presidential election, women’s reproductive health became somewhat of a political football—the two main American political parties constantly kicked it to polar sides of the field. The debate, previously limited to the morality of abortions, began to encroach on the accessibility of oral contraceptives. In 2012 for instance, the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Congress of the United States held a hearing, which debated the federal mandate that all employers must cover their female employees’ contraceptive costs. The Committee’s disapproval of the mandate was positioned as an issue of religious freedom, rather than reproductive rights. This framework was used to prevent Georgetown University law student, Sandra Fluke, from testifying at the congressional hearing. The Committee Chairman “argued that his hearing was not about contraceptives and was not about women's reproductive rights” and thus, Flukes’ status as “merely ‘a college student’” meant that she did not have “‘the appropriate credentials’” to testify. Seeing the irony in this statement, Representative Elijah Cummings noted, “As I sat there and listened to the Chairman try to explain his position, I looked out on that panel of 1 House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Lines Crossed: Separation of Church and State. Has the Obama Administration Trampled on Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Conscience? 112th Cong., 2nd sess., February, 16 2012.
A Model Based on Pathologic Features of Superficial Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Complements Clinical Node Staging in Determining Risk of Metastasis to Lymph Nodes.

Background & Aims It is important to identify superficial (T1) gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas (EAC) that are most or least likely to metastasize to lymph nodes, to select appropriate therapy. We aimed to develop a risk stratification model for metastasis of superficial EAC to lymph nodes using pathologic features of the primary tumor. Methods We collected pathology data from 210 patients with T1 EAC who underwent esophagectomy from 1996 through 2012 on factors associated with metastasis to lymph nodes (tumor size, grade, angiolymphatic invasion, and submucosal invasion). Using these variables, we developed a multivariable logistic model to generate 4 categories for estimated risk of metastasis ( 20% risk). The model was validated in a separate cohort of 39 patients who underwent endoscopic resection of superficial EAC and subsequent esophagectomy, with node stage analysis. Results We developed a model based on 4 pathologic factors that determined risk of metastasis to range from 2.9% to 60% for patients in the first cohort. In the endoscopic resection validation cohort, higher risk scores were associated with increased detection of lymph node metastases at esophagectomy ( P = .021). Among patients in the first cohort who did not have lymph node metastases detected before surgery (cN0), those with high risk scores (>20% risk) had 11-fold greater odds for having lymph node metastases at esophagectomy compared with patients with low risk scores (95% confidence interval, 2.3–52 fold). Increasing risk scores were associated with reduced patient survival time ( P P P P = .001) after esophagectomy than patients with pT1N0 tumors and lower risk scores. Conclusions Pathologic features of primary superficial EACs can be used, along with the conventional node staging system, to identify patients at low risk for metastasis, who can undergo endoscopic resection, or at high risk, who may benefit from induction or adjuvant therapy.
Reference Works from Selected Small Alternative Presses

Alternative presses, a subset of small presses, have hundreds of titles in print, many of substantial quality. Most of the titles are unknown to librarians and fall to be included in traditional collection development aids or methods. A few are worthwhile reference works. In this article, Anderson introduces 44 titles from 26 presses. The bibliography is arranged by press name with complete contact information. The introduction outlines why alternative press books fail to get recognized and why they should be taken seriously.