cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparison of negative and positive ion time-of-flight post-source decay mass spectrometry for peptides containing basic residues

Abstract Nine peptides containing highly basic residues were studied by post-source decay (PSD) in a reflectron time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer. Although these compounds produced more abundant yields of protonated ions, [M+H] + , by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), deprotonated ions, [MH] − , were formed in sufficient intensities for study by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). PSD was conducted in both the positive and negative ion modes. Peptide backbone cleavage involving the y-ion series is generally seen in both modes and the two Dalton difference in mass between y n ″ + and y n − can be useful in identifying these ions. For negative ions, PSD also generated c n − and (to a lesser extent) a n − , while b n + are produced from positive ions. When a peptide contains a mixture of acidic and basic residues, the negative PSD spectra are more complex and the locations of acidic residues dictate some fragmentations. The most extensive and abundant production of c n − occurs in peptides with no acidic residues. This suggests that the mechanism for c-ion formation does not involve a deprotonated side chain, but may invoke a mobile deprotonation site along the peptide amide backbone or may possibly involve a charge remote cleavage. Negative ion PSD of basic peptides yields structurally informative spectra that complement the positive data. Even highly basic peptides, such as ACTH (11–24), can be studied in the negative ion mode.
The effect of altered dopaminergic activity on food intake in the rat: evidence for an optimal level of dopaminergic activity for behavior.

Abstract 1. 1. Food intake is reduced by the acute administration of d-amphetamine. This is mimicked by other dopamine (DA) agonists and blocked by DA antagonists. 2. 2. In higher doses, DA antagonists themselves reduce food intake, as do large lesions of the central dopaminergic projections. 3. 3. While the reduction of food intake produced by DA agonists is accompanied by a general behavioral activation, that produced by DA antagonists and by DA-depleting lesions coincides with a decrease in behavioral arousal. 4. 4. These findings suggest that there is an optimal level of dopaminergic activity (and of behavioral arousal) for the mediation of feeding and that both increases and decreases from this optimum may disrupt feeding as well as other behaviors.
Lessons from the Look Action for Health in Diabetes Study

The Look Action for Health in Diabetes AHEAD Study was designed as a long-term randomized controlled clinical trial and powered to detect differences in cardiovascular outcomes, the primary cause of early morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes, among subjects randomized to receive an intensive lifestyle intervention or a control group of diabetes support and education. The study was terminated early due to the absence of any difference in the primary outcome, defined as a composite of the first postrandomization occurrence of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke, or angina requiring hospitalization. However, important secondary favorable outcomes were observed in those receiving the intensive lifestyle intervention. This included more weight loss, greater fitness, less disability, less depression, reductions in sleep apnea and urinary incontinence, better glycemic control, and more subjects experiencing diabetes remission. These results underscore the importance of lifestyle interventions as a component of diabetes therapy. Long-term follow-up of Look AHEAD participants is planned, despite discontinuation of the intensive lifestyle program.
Analysis of crater distributions in mare units on the lunar far side

Mare material is asymmetrically distributed on the Moon. The Earth-facing hemisphere, where the crust is believed to be 26 km thinner than on the farside, contains substantially more basaltic mare material. Using Lunar Topographic Orthophoto Maps, we calculated the thickness of the mare material in three farside craters, Aitken (0.59 km), Isaev (1.0 km), and Tsiolkovskiy (1.75 km). We also studied crater frequency distribution in five farside mare units (Aitken, Isaev, Lacus Solitudinis, Langemak, and Tsiolkovskiy) and one light plains unit (in Mendeleev). Nearly 10 000 farside craters were counted. Analysis of the crater frequency on the light plains unit gives an age of 4.3 billion yr. Crater frequency distributions on the mare units indicate ages of 3.7 and 3.8 billion yr, suggesting that the units are distributed over a narrow time period of approximately 100 million yr. Returned lunar samples from nearside maria give dates as young as 3.1 billion yr. The results of this study suggest that mare basalt emplacement on the far side ceased before it did on the near side.
Short circuit current in tight and leaky epithelia.

Abstract The effect of short circuit current on the unidirectional fluxes of ions transported across tight and leaky epithelia was investigated. It was found that short circuiting of the frog gastric mucosa (classified as a tight epithelium) caused a decrease of the passive J ms C 1 and a significant increase of the net Cl − secretion. However, no significant change of H + secretory rate was observed. On the other hand, short circuiting of the mouse intestine (a known leaky membrane) caused a simultaneous increase of both J ms and J sm fluxes of Na + while the net fluxes of Na + and Cl − remained unchanged. Also, short circuiting did not change the water permeability of the mouse intestine. To explain some of these results a theoretical model is presented to demonstrate that while short circuiting can block the passive ionic movement, it will cause an increase in the energy consumption of the system and introduce certain important changes in the ionic barriers and e.m.fs. The simultaneous increase in the unidirectional fluxes of Na + under short circuit conditions can best be explained by a decrease in the polarized nature of the transepithelial shunt, thereby increasing the diffusion coefficient of the ion(s). Such an increase is specially favorable to the Na + rather than an anion.
Echinoderm toxins. I. Some biochemical and physiological properties of toxins from several species of asteroidea.

Abstract Water soluble toxic fractions were isolated from five species of sea stars, Pycnopodia helianthoides, Asterias forbesi, Patiria miniata, Pisaster ochraceous, and Pisaster brevispinus. Each toxin is a saponin which on hydrolysis yields insoluble aglycones, and four similar sugars as determined by paper chromatography. They give a negative Legal test and a positive sulfate test. In vivo physiological tests, with saponins in solution, caused death in Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) over a wide concentration range. These compounds, in low concentrations, induced hematological changes in F. heteroclitus. In addition, solutions of the saponins caused hemolysis of human erythrocytes in vitro. While the sugars may be similar or even identical in the different saponins, the aglycone portion of each probably differs. This may be concluded from the graded series of responses seen in the physiological studies. Indications are that the mode of action of the saponins is due to changes in membrane permeability.
Meshing environment for geometry-based analysis

A geometry-based automatic mesh generation and control environment is presented. The environment consists of a set of tools that support the automatic creation and modification of simplex meshes directly from non-manifold solid models. The environment builds on three flexible object-oriented structures representing the geometric model, attribute information associated with the model, and the mesh. The mesh generation functions are layered and can be tailored to generate controlled simplex meshes for a wide range of problem types, including those that need curvilinear meshes or highly anisotropic meshes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Slow landscapes of elevated linear parks: Bloomingdale Trail in Chicago

Linear parks are a relatively recent addition to the open space typology of the post-industrial landscape. The move to reclaim marginal sites with derelict infrastructure in post-industrial cities ...
Effects of a putative prostaglandlin E2 antagonist, AH6809, on chondrogenesis in serum‐free cultures of chick limb mesenchyme

In the present study, we have examined the effects of a putative antagonist of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), AH6809, on chondrogenesis in serum-free cultures of mesenchyme from distal tips of stage 25 chick limb buds in order to test the hypothesis that endogenous PGE2, through receptor-linked adenylate cyclase (AC), initiates differentiation of cartilage in limb mesenchyme. Daily addition of 10(-4) M concentrations of AH6809 produced marked inhibition of chondrogenesis over a 5-day period of cell culture as evaluated by Alcian green binding to cartilage matrix components. Inhibition of chondrogenesis by this compound was further shown to be reversible and treatment of cells with the antagonist limited to periods when chondrocytes had differentiated and were actively secreting cartilage-specific matrix components had little effect. Preincubation of control cells in 10(-4) M concentrations of AH6809 inhibited PGE2-induced activation of AC by greater than 80% without significant (P greater than .05) inhibition of basal activity by the antagonist. Responses to parathyroid hormone, which increased AC activity by 7-fold, and forskolin which increased AC activity by 23-fold in control cells, were also uninhibited by preincubation in AH6809. The results demonstrate that blockade of PGE2-AC linked receptors in prechondrogenic limb mesenchyme inhibits chondrogenesis supporting the hypothesis that endogenous PGE2 concentrations in undifferentiated limb mesenchyme play an initiating role in the differentiation of cartilage.
Emotional memories stemming from a crisis: a snapshot of AIDS activism in Washington, DC (1981-1986).

Emotional memories—described in this article as conscious, protracted memories that reference emotional events from the past—provide powerful qualitative data for social analysts. The reconfigured concept “emotional memories,” a neuroscientific term, is utilized to help describe the long-term effects of affective, historically situated marginalization. The author highlights emotional memories of African American lesbian, gay, and bisexual activists involved in the early years of the AIDS crisis in Washington, DC, and connects these memories to documentation in the archives, which illuminate the source and power of these emotions. The author additionally uses an interdisciplinary lens to sociologically understand collective, yet individual, emotional responses to an epidemic.
Sticky Prices as a Coordination Success

Recent contributions have articulated ways in which price rigidities signal breakdowns of coordination. These contributions are aimed at unifying New Keynesian economics by linking the issue of nominal price flexibility with that of between-firm coordination. By contrast, this paper demonstrates that sticky prices can signal a coordination success rather than a coordination failure. A model is developed in which N firms face a stochastic industry demand and engage in (infinitely) repeated Bertrand competition. In each period, firms are able to learn the realization of the demand shock but at a positive cost. The existence of two equilibria—one featuring sticky prices and the other featuring flexible prices—is proved. These equilibria are then compared. The equilibrium featuring sticky prices Pareto-dominates that featuring the flexible ones.
The dynamic lot size model with quantity discount

This article treats the dynamic lot size model with quantity discount in purchase price. We study the problem with two different cost structures: the all-units-discount cost structure and the incremental-discount cost structure. We solve the problem under both discount cost structures by dynamic programming algorithms of complexity O(T3) and O(T2),respectively, with T the number of periods in the planning horizon.
Sporogenesis of a myxosporidan with motile spores

Three types of cells comprise each Fabespora vermicola sporoblast: valvogenic (VAV), capsulogenic (CAP), and germinative (GEM). Walls, polar caps, and sutures are the main assemblages produced by the VAV cells. The unique polar cap organelle extends over the aperture region of the polar capsule component of the CAP cell. The VAV cell also assembles a wall located on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane facing the sporoblast exterior. Bundles of 7 nm microfilaments develop within the extracellular space between the VAV and interior cells of the sporoblast. These microfilaments assemble late in sporogenesis when the spore acquires the capacity for locomotion. Polar filament construction takes place exclusively within the polar capsule primordium (PCP) by apparent self-assembly prior to the PCP being enveloped by membranes. The CAP and GEM cells accumulate considerable glycogen during sporogenesis. The first identifiable GEM cell is single, but has two unpaired nuclei. These GEM cell nuclei later form a paired structure which is sustained into the spore stage.
Electromigration reliability enhancement via bus activity distribution

Electromigration induced degradation in integrated circuits has been accelerated by continuous scaling of device dimensions. We present a methodology for synthesizing high-reliability and low-energy microarchitectures at the RT level by judiciously binding and scheduling the data transfers of a control data flow graph (CDFG) representation of the application onto the buses in the microarchitecture. The proposed method accounts for correlations between data transfers and the constraints on the number of buses, area and delay.
Primary afferent electrosensory neurons represent paddlefish natural prey

Abstract The paddlefish detects electric fields of its planktonic prey. Each plankton particle, such as a moving Daphnia , is an electric dipole. Primary afferent neurons of the paddlefish electrosensory system were found to respond transiently to moving dipoles (i.e., Daphnia ) within their receptive field. Positive plankton potential increases and negative potential decreases the primary afferent spike rate while biphasic plankton potentials elicit biphasic neuronal responses. That is to say, neuronal activity coincides with the plankton's electric dipole potentials. Consequently, responses of primary afferent neurons could have ambiguous effects on second-order pyramidal-like neurons: an increase of firing rate should depolarize and a decrease of firing rate should hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane potential of second-order neurons. Depending on its orientation, a plankton particle passing the receptive field would elicit opposite central effects. Nevertheless, because paddlefish feed successfully on plankton particles, the central nervous system must process primary afferent signals so as to unambiguously represent the position of a plankton particle.
Responses of Dairy Cows to Dietary Aflatoxin: Feed Intake and Yield, Toxin Content, and Quality of Milk of Cows Treated with Pure and Impure Aflatoxin

Ten fistulated Holstein cows in midlactation were given daily doses of 13 mg of aflatoxin B1 for 7 days. Six received pure aflatoxin B1; three received an impure preparation that contained aflatoxin B1 plus other aflatoxins and metabolites produced by Aspergillus parasiticus in culture. Toxin was administered to each animal twice daily, one-half of the total dose each time, via the rumen orifice. Morning and evening milks were collected and analyzed for aflatoxin M1. Milk production and feed intake were monitored for 5 days before, every day during, and for 8 days after treatment with aflatoxin B1. Milk contained from 1.05 ppb to 10.58 ppb of aflatoxin M1. None was in milk 4 days after administration of toxin had stopped. Somatic cell counts and standard plate counts from milks of two cows were not affected appreciably by administration of toxin. Fluctuations in feed intake and milk production occurred in all animals during the treatment period with a significant decrease in milk production of those cows receiving 13 mg of impure aflatoxin B1 per day. Differences in results when cows received equal amounts of aflatoxin B1 may be attributable to the type of toxin administered (pure versus impure).
Coronary Artery Calcium Score, Distribution, and Future Revascularization∗

In this issue of iJACC , Silverman et al. [(1)][1] report the relationship of baseline Agatston coronary artery calcium (CAC) score and coronary calcium distribution with future incident coronary revascularization in 6,540 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants. The primary
Structure and morphology development during deformation of propylene based ethylene–propylene copolymer and its blends with isotactic polypropylene

Abstract The structure and morphology development during the deformation of metallocene based ethylene–propylene copolymers with dominant propylene moiety (C3 M-EP) and its isotactic polypropylene (M-iPP) blends were investigated by simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) using synchrotron radiation, high temperature tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). X-ray results showed that the structure and morphology in the blends of M-iPP/C3 M-EP are dictated by the M-iPP component. During stretching at room temperatures, both pure M-iPP and polymer blends exhibited the same transition from the α-form crystal to the mesophase. However, the α-form was found to be unchanged during the deformation of C3 M-EP copolymer, which indicated that the effect of local stress on the crystal domain in pure copolymer was too small to induce the phase transition. Although the DSC results showed that the blends in their isotropic state were immiscible with each other, the mechanical properties of the blends at high temperature (70 °C) indicated that they follow the conventional rule of mixing.
Development of a control scheme for a series-connected solid-state synchronous voltage source

This paper addresses the problem of controlling and modulating the power flow of long transmission lines using a series-connected solid-state synchronous voltage source (SVS). The design of the various control functions of the SVS is presented along with EMTP simulation studies. The results from these studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in regulating the line power and, also, in providing power modulation that can enhance the dynamic and transient performance of the line.
Traditionality of Choice and Sex-Role Identification as Moderators of the Congruence of Occupational Choice in College Women.

Abstract This study examined the relationship of traditionality of occupational preferences and sex-role orientation to personality-occupational environment congruence in college women. Three-letter Holland personality codes were obtained for each of 184 college women based on same-sex normative scores from the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory and on scores from the ACT Unisex Interest Inventory (UNIACT). Subjects' occupational preferences were classified as traditional, moderately traditional, or nontraditional based on the percentages of women in the occupation. Scores on the Bern Sex Role Inventory were used to classify subjects into one of four sex-role categories. Results indicated a strong association between congruence and traditionality of choice; women whose choices were in nontraditional career fields were significantly more likely to be making choices congruent with their personality type than were women choosing traditional career fields. Further, while sex-role orientation was not significantly related to either congruence or traditionality, masculine-typed women were most likely to make nontraditional and congruent career choices, while the majority of feminine-typed, androgynous, and undifferentiated women stated preferences for traditional career fields. Implications for the applicability of Holland's congruence postulate to women's vocational behavior are discussed.
Induction of Subcutaneous Nodules in Rabbits with the SE Polyoma Virus

THE SE polyoma virus grown in mouse embryo cell cultures is capable of inducing a wide spectrum of histologically different neoplasms in hybrid (C 3 Hf × AKR)F 1 1 and randomly bred Swiss mice2, and sarcomas and angiomatous lesions in hamsters3, and rats4, if injections are made when the animals are new-born. Tumours in these animals increase in size and number and eventually kill the animals. Contrary to experience with these rodents, new-born rabbits of mongrel breed reacted by developing multiple subcutaneous nodules that later regressed.
The Voice of Victims: Positive Response to a Natural Disaster Crisis

In the current study the authors investigate victims' response to a natural disaster crisis event. Crisis communication research has often considered organizations, but neglected the voice of the victims. Similarly, most crisis research emphasizes the negative outcomes of crisis. Positive communication research and sensemaking theory provide insight into the experiences of crisis victims. Twenty-nine individuals were interviewed from one community in Western Kentucky following a massive ice storm that occurred during January 2009. The remembering emphasis of sensemaking was salient in this study. Victims remembered their overall experience through positive terms and positive interpersonal communication. Communities and organizations alike can use this research to consider how their members may respond to crises and create messages based on these results.
Rapid detection and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli as pure and mixed cultures in bottled drinking water using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate analysis.

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis were used to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 inoculated into bottled drinking water. Three ...
SUIF: an infrastructure for research on parallelizing and optimizing compilers

Compiler infrastructures that support experimental research are crucial to the advancement of high-performance computing. New compiler technology must be implemented and evaluated in the context of a complete compiler, but developing such an infrastructure requires a huge investment in time and resources. We have spent a number of years building the SUIF compiler into a powerful, flexible system, and we would now like to share the results of our efforts.SUIF consists of a small, clearly documented kernel and a toolkit of compiler passes built on top of the kernel. The kernel defines the intermediate representation, provides functions to access and manipulate the intermediate representation, and structures the interface between compiler passes. The toolkit currently includes C and Fortran front ends, a loop-level parallelism and locality optimizer, an optimizing MIPS back end, a set of compiler development tools, and support for instructional use.Although we do not expect SUIF to be suitable for everyone, we think it may be useful for many other researchers. We thus invite you to use SUIF and welcome your contributions to this infrastructure. Directions for obtaining the SUIF software are included at the end of this paper.
The Monozygotic Twinning Process, the Twin-twin Transfusion Syndrome and Acardiac Twins

This paper suggests that during the time of the "splitting process" that produces monozygotic twins the number of cells may not be evenly distributed to the future twins. The outcome of this 'irregular division' may be the twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome and acardiac twins.
Forced convection heat transfer between permeable rotating slender cylinders and power-law fluids

Abstract A new analysis is presented for forced convection of power-law fluids past rotating slender cylinders with fluid suction/injection at the wall. After a suitable coordinate transformation to reduce the complexity of the governing boundary-layer equations, the resulting nonlinear coupled differential equations were solved with an implicit finite difference scheme. Of interest were the effects of transverse curvature, power-law viscosity index, the type of thermal boundary condition and the generalized Prandtl number on the local skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number of rotating cylinders with porous surfaces. In general, body spin enhances convection heat transfer and increases the skin friction coefficient. Fluid injection into the boundary layer reduces and suction increases the local skin friction group. Higher Prandtl numbers increase the local heat transfer group especially in the presence of fluid withdrawal. Dilatant fluids exhibit a distinctively different behavior with respect to the heat transfer group when compared to pseudoplastics. The two thermal boundary conditions yield quite similar results.
The impact of forest service litigation success on administrative appeals of proposed fuels reduction actions

Abstract In this paper, we explore empirically whether the USDA Forest Service's litigation success rate in each Forest Service region helps explain the persistent regional effects noted by Laband et al. (Laband, D.N., Gonzalez-Caban, A., and Hussain, A. (2006). “Factors That Influence Administrative Appeals of Proposed USDA Forest Service Fuels Reduction Actions,” Forest Science, 52(5): 477–488.) with respect to the pattern of administrative appeals of proposed fuels reduction actions. We find strong evidence of an inverse relationship between the Forest Service's litigation success rate and the likelihood of administrative appeal of proposed fuels reduction actions on public lands. However, inclusion of this variable explains only about 20% of the region-specific impact noted in Laband et al. (Laband, D.N., Gonzalez-Caban, A., and Hussain, A. (2006). “Factors That Influence Administrative Appeals of Proposed USDA Forest Service Fuels Reduction Actions,” Forest Science, 52(5): 477–488.), which continues to command additional investigation.
Building a better conference experience through user-centered design

In this poster, we present user experience research demonstrating that current tools designed to facilitate conference communication and organization fail to support the needs of attendees and the goals of academia in general. Current conference technologies have failed to support the scholarly exchange of ideas at conferences, both in effectively facilitating dialogue at conferences and preserving those exchanges for later scholarly purposes. We recommend new information models and interfaces that can better support how conferences actually work that, when utilized, can better facilitate the exchange of ideas and can prevent that exchange from being lost in the ether.
Some complexity results in parallel matrix-based signal processing

Abstract In this paper we survey some parallel matrix algorithms that are used in signal processing. Our model of computation is restricted to the class of array processors.
An Investigation of the Relationship between Cotton Fineness and Light Scattering from Thin Webs as Measured by Near-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy:

Near-infrared transmission spectroscopy (NITS) is applied to thin cotton webs to measure fiber fineness (expressed either as specific surface—the external surface area per unit weight of fiber—or as cross-sectional perimeter). We report here the development and successful testing of a mathematical model that predicts a linear relationship between fineness and light-scattering intensity (optical density, log 1/T) by a thin cotton web. With a thin web of fibers in the light beam, absorption of photons out of the beam is negligible. When the detector is placed several inches from the web, only the photons passing between the fibers strike the light detector. Photons that strike a fiber are scattered out of the light beam and away from the detector. Thus the fineness of the fiber controls the propagation of light to the detector. The premise that specific surface, is proportional to optical density when the weight of fiber in the light beam is constant is shown experimentally (probability, p < 0.0045). Also, the premise that perimeter is proportional to optical density when the total length of fiber in the light beam is constant is shown experimetally (p < 0.0070). These results are based on analysis of 9 cottons; 810 webs were produced, computer sorted by weight, and the scatter spectra recorded for 360 webs.
Quantum entangled states on a pair of nanotubes

The recent developments in the experimental realization of quasi-one-dimensional (1D) systems exhibit many interesting features. These include current quantization which has the potential application for a current standard as well as quantum information and security schemes. In this paper, we investigate the effect of spin-orbit interaction (SOI) on the energy levels of electrons confined to quantum dots on the surface of nanotubes. The radius of a nanotube is a few nanometers and is quasi-1D. The energy levels play a crucial role in determining the electron transport properties.The SOI may arise from the electrostatic confining potential due to gates applied perpendicular to the axis of the nanotube. The quantum computation scheme which we are suggesting consists of a nano-circuit of nanotubes on which electrons are confined within dots. The qubit operation is based on the exchange interaction between a pair of spins occupying states within the quantum dots. We employ a simple model for the electron confinement to obtain the energy eigenstates. Our simplified calculation was able to show that the SOI splits the energy levels which are then used to obtain the exchange energy of a pair of spins with the s-wave Heitler-London approach. We calculate the exchange energy of the entangled electrons on a pair of coaxial and parallel nanotubes as a function of separation between the nanotubes and show that the SOI enhances the entanglement.
NMR analysis of some alkyl p‐hydroxybenzoates

Abstract By applying NMR spectrometry, a number of solutions containing unknown quantities of two or three alkyl p -hydroxybenzoates (parabens) in 60% polyethylene glycol in water were analyzed for quantification of the individual parabens.The method was found to be accurate, facile, and rapid and seems to possess a promising potential for applicability in related fields of pharmaceutical analysis.
5-designs with three intersection numbers

It is well known that the Witt 5-(24, 8, 1) design and its complement have exactly three block intersection numbers. This paper is concerned with the converse question: Is the Witt 5-(24,8, 1) design the unique 5-@,k,h) design (up to complements) with exactly three intersection numbers? Using the annihilator polynomial of such a design, we prove that the answer is affirmative if k - 1 is a prime or h _< 4 or at least two intersection numbers are less than 5. Numerical evidence using MAPLE seems to support that the answer is always yes. © 1995 Academic Press, Inc.
Command line or pretty lines?: comparing textual and visual interfaces for intrusion detection

Intrusion detection (ID) is one of network security engineers' most important tasks. Textual (command-line) and visual interfaces are two common modalities used to support engineers in ID. We conducted a controlled experiment comparing a representative textual and visual interface for ID to develop a deeper understanding about the relative strengths and weaknesses of each. We found that the textual interface allows users to better control the analysis of details of the data through the use of rich, powerful, and flexible commands while the visual interface allows better discovery of new attacks by offering an overview of the current state of the network. With this understanding, we recommend designing a hybrid interface that combines the strengths of textual and visual interfaces for the next generation of tools used for intrusion detection.
Synthesis and degradation of hepatic metallothionein in mice differing in susceptibility to cadmium mortality.

We have confirmed the observations of Tsunoo et al. (Toxicol. Lett. 4:253, 1979) that (a) DBA/2 mice are more resistant to cadmium mortality than C3H mice and (b) DBA/2 mice accumulate more 109Cd into hepatic metallothionein than do C3H mice in response to an injection of 30 µmol CdCl2/kg, a dose of CdCl2 which is lethal to C3H mice. We now report, using a nonlethal dose of 8 µmol CdCl2/Kg, that the rates of both the synthesis and the degradation of cadmium-induced hepatic metallothionein are increased in C3H mice. The rate of metallothionein synthesis, measured 6 hr after cadmium administration and expressed as the percentage of injected [35S] cysteine incorporated into metallothionein/g liver, was 0.33±0.04% (SD) in C3H mice, compared to 0.19±0.06% in DBA/2 mice (significantly different rates by Students' t test, P<0.01). Also, at this dose, hepatic 35S-labeled metallothionein was degraded with a half-life of 22.5±0.7 hr in C3H mice, compared to 30.1±2.5 hr in DBA/2 mice (significantly different half-lives by F test, within 95% confidence limits). The increased accumulation of metallothionein in resistant DBA/2 mice compared to sensitive C3H mice after cadmium exposure appears to be due primarily to a difference in metallothionein degradation, rather than metallothionein synthesis.
Effect of hardware geometry on gas and drop behavior in a radial mixer spray

The demands on current and future aero gas turbine combustors are requiring a greater insight into the role of the injector/done design and manufacturing tolerances. This paper systematically isolates manufacturing tolerances and focuses on hardware design. The target is the structure of the two-phase flow and combustion performance associated with practical injector/dome hardware. A spray injector with two radial inflow swirlers was custom designed to (1) maintain tight tolerances and strict assembly protocol and (2) thereby isolate the sensitivity of performance to hardware design. Although it represents practical hardware, the custom set is a unique modular design that (1) accommodates parametric variation in geometry, (2) retains symmetry, and (3) maintains effective area. Swirl sense and the presence of a venturi were found to be the most influential. The venturi acts as a fuel prefilming surface and constrains the highest fuel mass concentration to an annular ring near the centerline. Coswirl enhances the radial dispersion of the continuous phase, and counterswirl increases the level of mixing that occurs in the downstream region of the mixer. The combined effect of the two parameters (swirl sense and venturi) revealed that the largest drop sizes, which penetrate the continuous phase flow, are formed with coswirl and without venturi. The smallest drop size distributions were found to occur for the counterswirl configuration with venturi. In the case of counterswirl without venturi, the high concentration of fluid mass is found in the center region of the flow. The lean blowout (LBO) equivalence ratio was lower for counterswirl configurations for reasons that involved the coupling of the centerline recirculation zone with the location of high fuel concentration emanating from smaller droplets. In the coswirl configuration, a lack of fuel drops exists in the reaction anchoring region, thereby leading to poor stability characteristics.
The oral and dermal toxicity of hexachlorophene in rats

Abstract The single oral LD50 of hexachlorophene in adult male Sherman strain rats was 66 mg/kg, in females 56 mg/kg; in famale weanling rats the single oral LD50 was 120 mg/kg. The acute dermal toxicity was low. The iv LD50 in adult male rats was 7.5 mg/kg. Rats fed 500 ppm of hexachlorophene for 98 days developed leg weakness in 12–19 days. At sacrifice, after 98 days' exposure, status spongiosus was present throughout the white matter of the brain. Rats fed 100 ppm of hexachlorophene for 98 days did not develop leg weakness, but in 50% of the brains focal areas of status spongiosus were observed in the white matter. Rats fed 20 and 100 ppm of hexachlorophene for 258 days did not develop leg weakness. The brains of rats fed 20 ppm were normal, while the brains of some rats fed 100 ppm showed focal vacuolization of the white matter. One hundred parts per million reduced the survival of pups in the F 1 generation. This was statistically significant in the F 1b generation. The F 2 generation litters tended to be smaller. Reproduction was normal in rats fed 20 ppm or given hexachlorophene by oral intubation at doses as high as 10 mg/kg/day during day 7 to day 15 of pregnancy. Dermal application of 12 mg/kg/day of hexachlorophene for 30 days produced no microscopic changes in the brain and produced only erythema and desquamation of the treated skin. Doses of 24 and 48 mg/kg/day produced ulceration of the treated skin and status spongiosus of the entire white matter of the brain in some rats.
Calculation of the Attractive He Pair Potential

The symmetry-adapted pair-correlation energy of diatomic helium was evaluated for five internuclear separations near the potential minimum by means of localized orbitals obtained from transformation of a molecular Hartree-Fock wave function. An attractive potential depth of 12.0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K at $R=2.96$ \AA{} was obtained in agreement with the best experimental estimates, leading to the conclusion that the omitted electron correlation within the helium atom does not affect the interatomic correlation energy by more than about 10%. This result is in essential agreement with that obtained independently by Bertoncini and Wahl. The electron correlation contribution is divided into $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, and $\ensuremath{\delta}$ parts as well as into its atomic symmetry so as to elucidate the magnitude of the various contributions.
Highly selective catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to cyclohexane over Pt/TiO2 and NiMo/Al2O3 catalysts

Catalysts Pt/TiO2 and NiMo/Al2O3 are highly active and selective for the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol in a fixed bed reactor at 300 °C and 7.1 MPa, leading to the hydrogenation of aromatic ring, followed by demethylation and dehydroxylation to produce cyclohexane. For a complete hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, metal sites and acid sites are required. NiMo/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3 are more active and selective for cyclohexane formation as compared with Pt/TiO2 at 285 °C and 4 MPa. However, Pt/TiO2 is stable while the other two catalysts deactivate due to the nature and amount of coke formation during the reaction.
Differential behavioral outcomes in the sciatic cryoneurolysis model of neuropathic pain in rats

We have previously introduced a novel animal model of neuropathic pain in rats following a peripheral mononeuropathy produced by freezing the common sciatic nerve, a technique termed sciatic cryoneurolysis (SCN). In this study, we have further characterized the temporal pattern of behavioral changes following SCN, including thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. These behaviors were assessed using noxious thermal (radiant heat) and non-noxious tactile (von Frey filament) stimuli, respectively. Following unilateral SCN, animals exhibited significant (P < 0.001) bilateral tactile hypersensitivity (allodynia) that persisted at least 10 weeks. However, this lesion did not result in thermal hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia). In fact, thermal sensitivity in the operated limb remained significantly suppressed throughout the 10 weeks (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed autotomy in 76% of SCN-lesioned animals as well as transient weight loss and pale eye syndrome (PES), a phenomenon previously unreported in other neuropathic pain models. PES is a sustained, visibly distinct pallor of the normally pink eye color of the albino rat. We believe PES is a putative marker of heightened sympathetic efferent activity. The severity of autotomy following SCN correlated significantly with both weight loss (P < 0.001) and the expression of PES (P < 0.001). Autotomy behavior preceded the onset of allodynia; however, there was no correlation between the severity of expression of these behaviors. These behavioral sequelae are comparable to those seen in other animal models of neuropathic pain, but differ in respect to the increased frequency of autotomy and the lack of thermal hyperalgesia. Our findings support the hypothesis of a sensory basis for autotomy and provide further evidence of central sensitization or disinhibition as the basis for allodynia following peripheral nerve injury. However, the results also indicate independence between the genesis of autotomy and allodynia in animal pain models. The manifestation of sustained allodynia following SCN indicates that this model yields behavioral sequelae similar to those seen in neuropathic pain syndromes in humans.
Novel applications of fast neutron interrogation methods

Abstract The development of non-intrusive inspection methods for contraband consisting primarily of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen requires the use of fast neutrons. While most elements can be sufficiently well detected by the thermal neutron capture process, some important ones, e.g., carbon and in particular oxygen, cannot be detected by this process. Fortunately, fast neutrons, with energies above the threshold for inelastic scattering, stimulate relatively strong and specific gamma ray lines from these elements. The main lines are: 6.13 for O, 4.43 for C, and 5.11, 2.31 and 1.64 MeV for N. Accelerator-generated neutrons in the energy range of 7 to 15 MeV are being considered as interrogating radiations in a variety of non-intrusive inspection systems for contraband, from explosives to drugs and from coal to smuggled, dutiable goods. In some applications, mostly for inspection of small items such as luggage, the decision process involves a rudimentary imaging, akin to emission tomography, to obtain the localized concentration of various elements. This technique is called FNA — Fast Neutron Analysis. While this approach offers improvements over the TNA (Thermal Neutron Analysis), it is not applicable to large objects such as shipping containers and trucks. For these challenging applications, a collimated beam of neutrons is rastered along the height of the moving object. In addition, the neutrons are generated in very narrow nanosecond pulses. The point of their interaction inside the object is determined by the time of flight (TOF) method, that is measuring the time elapsed from the neutron generation to the time of detection of the stimulated gamma rays. This technique, called PFNA (Pulsed Fast Neutron Analysis), thus directly provides the elemental, and by inference, the chemical composition of the material at every volume element (voxel) of the object. The various neutron-based techniques are briefly described below.
Heteroscedasticity and Distributional Assumptions in the Censored Regression Model

Data censoring causes ordinary least-square estimators of linear models to be biased and inconsistent. The Tobit estimator yields consistent estimators in the presence of data censoring if the errors are normally distributed. However, nonnormality or heteroscedasticity results in the Tobit estimators being inconsistent. Various estimators have been proposed for circumventing the normality assumption. Some of these estimators include censored least absolute deviations (CLAD), symmetrically censored least-square (SCLS), and partially adaptive estimators. CLAD and SCLS will be consistent in the presence of heteroscedasticity; however, SCLS performs poorly in the presence of asymmetric errors. This article extends the partially adaptive estimation approach to accommodate possible heteroscedasticity as well as nonnormality. A simulation study is used to investigate the estimators’ relative performance in these settings. The partially adaptive censored regression estimators have little efficiency loss for censo...
Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) Pretreatment, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Fermentation on Empty Palm Fruit Bunch Fiber (EPFBF) for Cellulosic Ethanol Production

Empty palm fruit bunch fiber (EPFBF), a readily available cellulosic biomass from palm processing facilities, is investigated as a potential carbohydrate source for cellulosic ethanol production. This feedstock was pretreated using ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) and enzymatically hydrolyzed. The best tested AFEX conditions were at 135 °C, 45 min retention time, water to dry biomass loading of 1:1 (weight ratio), and ammonia to dry biomass loading of 1:1 (weight ratio). The particle size of the pretreated biomass was reduced post-AFEX. The optimized enzyme formulation consists of Accellerase (84 μL/g biomass), Multifect Xylanase (31 μL/g biomass), and Multifect Pectinase (24 μL/g biomass). This mixture achieved close to 90% of the total maximum yield within 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Fermentation on the water extract of this biomass affirms that nutrients solely from the pretreated EPFBF can support yeast growth for complete glucose fermentation. These results suggest that AFEX-treated EPFBF can be used for cellulosic biofuels production because biomass recalcitrance has been overcome without reducing the fermentability of the pretreated materials.
FIXED-RATIO DISCRIMINATION: COMPARISON OF SPATIAL AND NONSPATIAL CHOICE PROCEDURES

-3 pigeons were trained on a conditional discrimination in which fixed-ratio 1 0 and fixed-ratio 2 0 were randomly scheduled on the center of 3 response keys. Reinforcement was contingent upon the choice of a green side key on fixed-ratio 10 trials and upon a red side key on fixed-ratio 2 0 trials. Performance was compared on alternating spatial and nonspatial sessions. During spatial sessions, red was always presented on the left-side key and green was always presented on the right. During nonspatial sessions, the location of the two side-key colors was randomized across trials. Accuracy of spatial choice was higher than during nonspatial choice.
Scheduling arrivals to a queue

Abstract We obtain an optimal spacing for arrivals to a single server queue with exponential service time. This is a continuation of work by Jansson [2], Mercer [3] and Pegden and Rosenshine [1]. Pegden and Rosenshine determined spacings minimizing the sum of the expected costs of customer waiting and server availability. We also determine the optimal solution for equally spaced arrivals. For a large number of customers to be scheduled, n, we show the equally spaced model is a limiting case of the model of Pegden and Rosenshine. This provides a simple large n approximation which avoids considerable computation.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of alkyl complexes of Co(SALEN) and Co(SALDPT)

Abstract A 13 C NMR study of a series of cobalt alkyl complexes with O 2 N 2 and O 2 N 3 donor sets has been conducted. A trend downfield with stronger axial donors prevails. Methyl 13 C resonances for each complex fall in the carbanion region which is consistent with a cobalt(III) formulation. No spin-spin coupling was observed between 59 Co and 13 C. NMR resonances were observed and assigned for the uncomplexed and complexed polydentate ligand.
Abnormal development of blood pressure and growth in rats exposed to perinatal injection stress

Abstract Subcutaneous injections of alkaline saline were made perinatally in Sprague-Dawley rats according to two schedules. In a pre-/postnatal group, dams were treated from 19th gestational day to 9th day postpartum and pups from day 0–9. In a postnatal group, pups alone were injected from day 0–6. At 19–23, 50–56 and 82–86 days of age, injected rats and uninjected controls were anesthetized and arterial blood pressure measured. Rats from the pre-/postnatal group had higher blood pressures (58%) and body weights at 19–23 days and lower blood pressure (35%) and body weight at 82–86 days of age. Blood pressure and body weight were comparable to control at all ages in the postnatal injection group. It is concluded that as a result of the maternal stress produced by the injections there was a generalized disturbance of growth processes resulting in hypotension and decreased body weight in adulthood.