cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in trust perception when using IM and video

The effect of gender information on trust building in virtual settings is an important yet unexplored area in HCI. In this paper we empirically investigate gender differences in trust perception in two media, video and Instant Messaging (IM), while performing negotiation and brainstorming tasks. Participants who did not previously know each other were recruited to form homogeneous pairs, male-male and female-female. Each pair carried out a task via computer-mediated communication using either video or IM. Our preliminary results uncover a significant gender difference in trust perception, with female pairs perceiving higher levels of trust than male pairs when gender information about the partner is explicitly provided before using the IM channel. The results also show that both female and male pairs perceive higher levels of trust in the brainstorming task than in the negotiation task.
Nitrogen fertilizer efficiencies on potatoes

Nitrogen fertilizer efficiencies must be known to successfully apply N fertilizer according to crop growth needs. The objective of this study was to determine the recovery, partitioning, and translocation of N fertilizer applied at different times for potato production. Russet Burbank potatoes were fertilized preplant with 15N-depleted ammonium sulfate, and during early and late tuber growth with urea containing K I5NO3 in 1978 or ( 15NH 2)2C0 in 1980. All N applications increased tuber yields above the control treatments. The N recovery efficiency was 60% for the preplant N application, and over 80% and near 60% for the N applications during tuber growth in 1978 and 1980, respectively. Good agreement was found between the isotope and difference methods of determining N recovery efficiencies. Labeled N was initially concentrated in the stems and leaves, particularly if applied during tuber growth. Over 80% of the assimilated, labeled nitrogen was found in the tubers at the start of plant maturation. These data indicate that a significant improvement in N fertilizer efficiency would result from split N fertilizer applications made according to crop growth needs.
Michael M. Naydan, comp. and ed. HERSTORIES. An Anthology of New Ukrainian Women Prose Writers.

Michael M. Naydan, comp. and ed. HERSTORIES. An Anthology of New Ukrainian Women Prose Writers. London: Glagoslav Publications, 2014. 443pp. Introduction. Paper.
Blue‐emitting poly(1,3‐phenylenevinylene) derivatives: Effect of substitution patterns on optical properties

Blue-emitting poly{[5-(diphenylamino)-1,3-phenylenevinylene]-alt-(2-hexyloxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylenevinylene)} (3), poly{[5-bis-(4-butyl-phenylamino)-1,3-phenylenevinylene]-alt-(1,3-phenylene vinylene)} (4), and poly(2-hexyloxy-5-methyl-1,3-phenylenevinylene) (5) were synthesized by the Wittig–Horner reaction. Although polymers 3–5 possess fluorescent quantum yields of only 13–34% in tetrahydrofuran solution, their films appear to be highly luminescent. Attachments of substituents tuned the emission color of thin films to the desirable blue region (λmax = 462–477 nm). Double-layer light-emitting-diode devices with 3 and 5 as an emissive layer produced blue emission (λem = 474 and 477 nm) with turn-on voltages of 8 and 11 V, respectively. The external quantum efficiencies were up to 0.13%. © 2005Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2800–2809, 2005
K-harmonic means clustering based blind equalization in hostile environments

A novel blind clustering based equalizer suitable for channels with intersymbol interference (ISI), nonlinear distortions and cochannel interference (CCI) is proposed. Blind channel estimation is performed by partitioning the baseband data at the receiver into clusters that are identified using a new class of clustering algorithms known as K-harmonic means (KHM/sub p/). The KHM/sub p/ algorithms are insensitive to the initialization of the cluster centers, owing to a built-in boosting function, and provide reliable estimates of the cluster centers. The identified cluster representatives are then mapped to the corresponding combinations of input symbols using a discrete hidden Markov model formulation of the channel states and the mapping is used to compute the branch metrics in a cluster-based Viterbi detector. The performance of the proposed equalizer in hostile environments is illustrated with computer simulations.
Delay of Reinforcement: Current Status and Future Directions

Delays are frequent and natural events in the environments of children and adults alike. Foundational research studying the impact of delays on responding has focused on two major areas: delay of reinforcement and delay discounting. Although each area has a unique methodological approach and particular theoretical implications, both examine responding under conditions of delay, raising the question of whether they might be represented by a single process. This chapter discusses these issues with a particular eye to issues of relevance for application to autism spectrum disorders.
Reversible splenial lesion syndrome

A 19-year-old man developed a severe upper respiratory infection. His chest X-ray was normal and the infection was presumed to have been viral. One week after his respiratory symptoms had resolved, he developed numbness of his entire left side. He reported no weakness, headache, changes in vision, seizures or right-sided symptoms during this period. His MR scan of brain showed an isolated symmetrical, non-expansile lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum, characterised by diffusion restriction (figure 1A, B) and fluid attenuated inversion …
Regulation of limited N-terminal proteolysis of APE1 in tumor via acetylation and its role in cell proliferation

// Kishor K. Bhakat 1, 2, 3 , Shiladitya Sengupta 3, 4 , Victor F. Adeniyi 3 , Shrabasti Roychoudhury 1 , Somsubhra Nath 1, 7 , Larry J. Bellot 3 , Dan Feng 1 , Anil K. Mantha 8 , Mala Sinha 3, 5 , Suimin Qiu 6 , Bruce A. Luxon 3, 5 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA 2 Fred and Pamela Buffet Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA 4 Current Affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX-77030, USA 5 Bioinformatics Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA 6 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX-77555, USA 7 Current Affiliation: Molecular Biology Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, Saroj Gupta Cancer Centre and Research Institute (SGCC & RI), Kolkata-63, India 8 Center for Animal Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab 151001, India Correspondence to: Kishor K. Bhakat, e-mail: kishor.bhakat@unmc.edu Keywords: APE1, acetylation, base excision repair, proteolysis, proliferation Received: February 24, 2016 Accepted: February 25, 2016 Published: March 10, 2016 ABSTRACT Mammalian apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (APE1), a ubiquitous and multifunctional protein, plays an essential role in the repair of both endogenous and drug-induced DNA damages in the genome. Unlike its E.coli counterpart Xth, mammalian APE1 has a unique N-terminal domain and possesses both DNA damage repair and transcriptional regulatory functions. Although the overexpression of APE1 in diverse cancer types and the association of APE1 expression with chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis are well documented, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that alter APE1 functions during tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, we show the presence of full-length APE1 and N-terminal truncated isoforms of APE1 in tumor tissue samples of various cancer types. However, primary tumor tissue has higher levels of acetylated APE1 (AcAPE1) as well as full-length APE1 compared to adjacent non-tumor tissue. We found that APE1 is proteolytically cleaved by an unknown serine protease at its N-terminus following residue lysine (Lys) Lys6 and/or Lys7 and after Lys27 and Lys31 or Lys32. Acetylation of these Lys residues in APE1 prevents this proteolysis. The N-terminal domain of APE1 and its acetylation are required for modulation of the expression of hundreds of genes. Importantly, we found that AcAPE1 is essential for sustained cell proliferation. Together, our study demonstrates that increased acetylation levels of APE1 in tumor cells inhibit the limited N-terminal proteolysis of APE1 and thereby maintain the functions of APE1 to promote tumor cells’ sustained proliferation and survival.
Search lessons learned from crossword puzzles

The construction of a program that generates crossword puzzles is discussed. As in a recent paper by Dechter and Meiri, we make an experimental comparison of various search techniques. The conclusions to which we come differ from theirs in some areas - although we agree that directional arc consistency is better than path-consistency or other forms of lookahead, and that backjumping is to be preferred to backtracking, we disagree in that we believe dynamic ordering of the constraints to be necessary in the solution of more difficult problems.
Mechanisms of human bladder tumor invasion : role of protease cathepsin B

Abstract To study the biochemical mechanisms of bladder tumor invasion, we analyzed specimens of invasive transitional cell carcinoma cell line EJ and non-invasive transitional cell carcinoma cell line RT4 which had been implanted into the bladders of nude mice. Using immunoprobes specific to basement membrane laminin, we observed that superficial but not invasive tumors were surrounded by intact laminin. With immunoprobes specific to cathepsin B, a cysteine proteinase which has the ability to degrade laminin, we demonstrated that cathepsin B is localized in discrete cytoplasmic granules in the non-invasive tumors, and in a more diffuse cytoplasmic pattern in the invasive tumors. Subcellular fractionation followed by immunoblot analysis and enzymatic analysis confirmed that the invasive EJ cells had active cathepsin B localized to its plasma membrane, while non-invasive RT4 cells had cathepsin B confined to lysosomes. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis revealed that invasive EJ cells had the mature form of cathepsin B with a molecular weight of 25 kD, while non-invasive RT4 cells had predominantly precursor forms with molecular weights between 30 and 35 kD. In vitro degradation assays with plasma membrane fractions isolated from invasive EJ cells and non-invasive RT4 cells demonstrated that the plasma membrane of EJ cells but not that of the RT4 cells had the ability to degrade purified laminin, and that the degradative products were similar to those obtained with purified cathepsin B. We conclude that invasive tumor cells have enhanced cathepsin B in their plasma membranes which may be used to degrade basement membrane components such as laminin and thereby facilitate tumor invasion.
Perception of American English vowels by sequential Spanish–English bilinguals

Research on American-English (AE) vowel perception by Spanish-English bilinguals has focused on the vowels /i/-/ɪ/ (e.g., in sheep/ship). Other AE vowel contrasts may present perceptual challenges for this population, especially those requiring both spectral and durational discrimination. We used Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), MMN (Mismatch Negativity) and P300, to index discrimination of AE vowels /ɑ/-/ʌ/ by sequential adult Spanish-English bilingual listeners compared to AE monolinguals. Listening tasks were non-attended and attended, and vowels were presented with natural and neutralized durations. Regardless of vowel duration, bilingual listeners showed no MMN to unattended sounds, and P300 responses were elicited to /ɑ/ but not /ʌ/ in the attended condition. Monolingual listeners showed pre-attentive discrimination (MMN) for /ɑ/ only; while both vowels elicited P300 responses when attended. Findings suggest that Spanish-English bilinguals recruit attentional and cognitive resources enabling native-like use of both spectral and durational cues to discriminate between AE vowels /ɑ/ and /ʌ/.
Quantifying Appointments, Treatment Time, Impressions, and Diagnostic Data of Cases Staffed by General Dentists and Prosthodontists in a Dental School Clinic

The aim of this retrospective study was to quantify differences between general dentists and prosthodontists regarding appointments, treatment time, impressions, and preoperative diagnostic data in teaching predoctoral clinical fixed prosthodontics. Electronic dental records (n=356) of patients treated at one dental school in academic year 2012 were randomly selected for review to obtain the following data: faculty and student demographics, number of appointments and treatment time from preparation to cementation, number of impressions made, completion of oral disease control treatment (ODCT), and presence of preoperative periapical radiographs and diagnostic casts. The results showed that ODCT was completed in 78%, preoperative radiographs were present in 76%, and diagnostic casts made in 53% of the cases reviewed. There was no statistically significant difference in number of appointments, treatment time, or number of final impressions when students were staffed by general dentists or prosthodontists. When students were supervised by multiple faculty members, there was generally an increase in treatment time and number of appointments and final impressions. Although this study found no statistically significant differences between general dentists and prosthodontists regarding the criteria evaluated, the results suggest that faculty development and calibration are needed to ensure ODCT is completed and preoperative radiographs are present prior to initiating fixed prosthodontic procedures.
Quality and readability of websites for patient information on tonsillectomy and sleep apnea.

Abstract Objectives Tonsillectomy is a common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Internet allows patients direct access to medical information. Since information on the Internet is largely unregulated, quality and readability are variable. This study evaluates the quality and readability of the most likely visited websites presenting information on sleep apnea and tonsillectomy. Methods The three most popular search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo) were queried with the phrase “sleep apnea AND tonsillectomy.” The DISCERN instrument was used to assess quality of information. Readability was evaluated using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). Results Out of the maximum of 80, the average DISCERN quality score for the websites was 55.1 (SD- 12.3, Median- 60.5). The mean score for FRES was 42.3 (SD- 15.9, Median- 45.5), which falls in the range defined as difficult. No website was above the optimal score of 65. The mean score for the FKGL was US grade-level of 10.7 (SD- 1.6, Median- 11.6). Only 4(27%) websites were in the optimal range of 6–8. There was very weak correlation between FRES and DISCERN (r = 0.07) and FKGL and DISCERN (r = 0.21). Conclusions Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgeries in the US. However, the internet information readily available to patients varies in quality. Additionally, much of the information is above the recommended grade level for comprehension by the public. By being aware of what information patients are reading online, physicians can better explain treatments and address misunderstandings. Physicians may consider using similar methods to test the readability for their own resources for patient education.
eQuality: a Process Model to Develop an Integrated, Comprehensive Medical Education Curriculum for LGBT, Gender Nonconforming, and DSD Health

Patients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT), gender nonconforming (GNC), or born with differences of sex development (DSD) face significant health disparities. Many of these disparities originate from discrimination and systemic biases that decrease access to care and from inadequate provider knowledge that contributes to unmet medical needs. Provider training to deliver equitable care for these populations is thus critical, but such training is deficient at most medical institutions. The authors developed an integrated educational model, eQuality, that sought to drive educational and system innovation by teaching and assessing the acquisition of attitudes, knowledge, and skills needed to provide competent care for LGBT/GNC/DSD individuals. This paper outlines the process of its implementation for other programs to model. With input from an LGBT/GNC community advisory panel, eQuality incorporated new teaching sessions and revised existing content in 50.5 h of required curriculum. This curriculum involved 23 teaching faculty and included direct student-LGBT/GNC/DSD patient interactions for 320 students. The program was piloted in the first and second years of medical school and is being expanded into medical school years 3 and 4 with clinical assessments to ensure that curriculum translates into improved patient care. eQuality demonstrates that promoting healthcare equity for LGBT/GNC/DSD populations through medical education is feasible. Forthcoming baseline data will also enable future longitudinal comparisons as eQuality cultivates exceptional insight into the evolution of LGBT/GNC/DSD health knowledge and awareness among both students and faculty.
24-2 Visual Fields Miss Central Defects Shown on 10-2 Tests in Glaucoma Suspects, Ocular Hypertensives, and Early Glaucoma.

Purpose To investigate the prevalence of visual field defects in glaucomatous eyes, glaucoma suspects, and ocular hypertensives with 24-2 and 10-2 visual fields. Design Prospective, cross-sectional study. Participants Patients with or suspected glaucoma tested with 24-2 and 10-2. Patients were classified into 3 groups on the basis of the presence of glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and 24-2 visual field abnormalities: early glaucoma (GON and abnormal visual field, mean deviation >−6 decibels [dB]), glaucoma suspects (GON and normal visual field), and ocular hypertensives (normal disc, normal visual field, and intraocular pressure >22 mmHg). For the classification of visual field abnormalities, 24-2 and 10-2 tests performed on the same visit were analyzed. Main Outcome Measures Comparison of the prevalence of abnormal 24-2 versus 10-2 visual field results based on cluster criteria in each diagnostic group. Results A total of 775 eyes (497 patients) were evaluated. A total of 364 eyes had early glaucoma, 303 eyes were glaucoma suspects, and 108 eyes were ocular hypertensives. In the glaucoma group, 16 of the 26 eyes (61.5%) classified as normal based on cluster criteria on 24-2 tests were classified as abnormal on 10-2 visual fields. In eyes with suspected glaucoma, 79 of the 200 eyes (39.5%) classified as normal on the 24-2 test were classified as abnormal on 10-2 visual fields. In ocular hypertensive eyes, 28 of the 79 eyes (35.4%) classified as normal on the 24-2 were classified as abnormal on the 10-2. Patients of African descent were more likely to have an abnormal 10-2 result (67.3 vs. 56.8%, P = 0.009). Conclusions Central visual field damage seen on the 10-2 test is often missed with the 24-2 strategy in all groups. This finding has implications for the diagnosis of glaucoma and classification of severity.
Robotic Total Pelvic Exenteration: Video-Illustrated Technique.

Robotic-assisted total pelvic exenteration (TPE) can offer a minimally invasive approach to a major multi-organ operation. In this video, we summarize a stepwise approach to robotic TPE in a 70 year-old female Jehovah’s witness with a history of cervical cancer post-chemoradiation and radical hysterectomy who experienced local recurrence at the vaginal cuff involving the rectum and bladder. The patient was placed in the lithotomy position. A total of six robotic ports were used and the da Vinci Si robotic system was docked between the legs. We proceeded as follows: (1) the abdomen and pelvis were thoroughly explored for evidence of metastatic disease; (2) the pelvic sidewalls were mobilized and bilateral ureters identified; (3) the mesorectal plane was dissected to the level of the levators; (4) the lateral and anterior pelvic structures were completely mobilized, and parametrial tissues were mobilized to the pelvic wall; (5) the bladder was separated from the pubis symphysis, the space of Retzius entered, and the bladder and proximal urethra freed; (6) a perineal incision was made around the vagina, perineal body, and anus, which were excised; (7) an Alloderm mesh secured the pelvic floor, and an omental J flap was mobilized; and (8) a 6 cm incision was utilized for creation of an ileal conduit and a permanent-end colostomy. Final pathology was consistent with recurrent cervical squamous cell carcinoma invading into the vaginal, bladder, and rectal walls. Surgical margins and seven lymph nodes were negative for carcinoma. Robotic-assisted TPE is technically feasible in a Jehovah’s witness under a multidisciplinary surgical team, even in the setting of prior radical hysterectomy and irradiated tissue.
The association among specialty, race, ethnicity, and practice location among California physicians in diverse specialties.

Background Minority physicians are more likely than their counterparts to work in underserved communities and care for minority, poor, and uninsured patients, but much of this research has examined primary care physicians alone. Few have investigated whether non-primary care specialists of minority backgrounds are more likely to serve the underserved than nonminority specialists. Objective We examined whether underrepresented minority (URM) physicians from a wide variety of specialties are more likely than non-URM physicians to practice in underserved communities. Methods Using California Medical Board Physician Licensure Survey (2007) data for 48 388 physicians, we geocoded practice zip codes to medically underserved areas (MUAs) and primary care health professional shortage areas (HPSAs). Logistic regression models adjusting for age, gender, specialty, and other characteristics were used to explore associations with race, ethnicity, specialty, and designated underserved areas. Results We found that African American, Latino, and Pacific Islanders were more likely to work in MUAs and HPSAs than were white physicians (adjusted odds ratio, 1.22-2.25; p Conclusion In summary, our study underscores the importance of underrepresented minority physicians in all specialties for the physician workforce needs of disadvantaged communities. To improve health care for underserved communities, continued efforts to increase physician diversity are essential.
Treatment of severe, uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma: Where we are heading.

Objective: We sought to highlight how our understanding of the pathophysiology of severe asthma has evolved over time and discuss the role of biomarkers in treatment advances and emerging new thera...
Twinning characteristics in YBaCuO superconducting thin films

Abstract We have analyzed the nature, distribution and number density of twins as a function of orientation of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 thin films deposited on strontium titanate (100), magnesium oxide (100) and ytria-stabilized zirconia substrates. The twinning characteristics in these high T c superconducting thin films have been found to be different from those in bulk materials as a results of texturing, interfacial stresses and constraints during crystal growth. The free surface has been found to play an important role in the relaxation of stresses introduced in the film during tetragonal-to-orthorhombic phase transformation. Detailed electron microscopy studies were performed on superconducting thin films deposited by evaporation of bulk YBa2Cu3O7 targets using a pulsed excimer laser ( λ = 308 nm; τ p = 45 × 10 −9 s ). Calculations of stresses in thin films indicated that higher shear stresses and strain energies were introduced in films with the c axis normal to subtrate than in those parallel to the substrate, thereby resulting in a higher number density of twins in the first case. The electron diffraction patterns of twinned crystals were simulated to understand the crystallography of the twinning process, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies were performed to determine the bending of planes across the twin boundary. Good agreement between experimental observations and theoretical models was obtained.
Updates and Advances in Corneal Surgery

Although the first successful full thickness corneal transplant was performed in 1905, it was not until 1998 that major advances in the field began to occur. During the 93 years between these events, there were attempts made to advance to field and these consisted of different suturing techniques and advances in eye banking technology; however, the surgical procedure remained largely unchanged. The full thickness transplant is immensely successful, but it is fraught with potential complications. The lamellar techniques described in 1998 and modified since that time has led to an easier, safer, and overall better surgical outcomes. This chapter describes the evolution of the lamellar endothelial corneal transplant in detail.
Abstract LB-254: Combined inhibition of MEK and autophagy promotes regression of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a recalcitrant disease responsible for ~43,000 deaths in the USA in 2017. Despite an advanced understanding of the genetics, biochemistry and biology of pancreatic cancer, there is no effective pathway-targeted therapy for PDAC such that the standard of care treatment for most patients remains conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Although the clinical picture remains grim, progress has been made in understanding how alterations in tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes contribute to PDAC initiation and progression. Whereas initiating mutations in KRAS promote the growth of premalignant pancreatic intra-epithelial neoplasia, progression to cancer malignancy requires cooperating alterations of tumor suppressors such as TP53, CDKN2A, and/or SMAD4. Downstream of KRAS oncoproteins, the RAF→MEK→ERK MAP kinase signaling pathway plays a central role in the genesis and maintenance of PDAC. However, to date, pharmacological inhibition of this pathway has demonstrated little clinical benefit in PDAC patients. Here we show that inhibition of KRAS→RAF→MEK→ERK signaling in PDAC cell lines elicits autophagy, a process of cellular self-consumption, which protects pancreatic cancer cells from the potentially cytotoxic effects of pathway inhibition. Mechanistically, inhibition of MEK1/2 leads to activation of ULK1 through the LKB1-AMPK-ULK1 axis. Combined inhibition of MEK1/2 and autophagy (with chloroquine) displays synergistic anti-proliferative effects against PDAC cell lines in vitro. Most strikingly, whereas single agent therapy had modest effects, combined treatment of xenografted patient-derived PDAC tumors with trametinib plus chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine elicited striking tumor regression. Finally, the observed anti-tumor effects of combination trametinib plus chloroquine were observed against a NRAS mutated melanoma and a BRAF mutated colorectal patient-derived xenografts. These data may warrant testing this combination therapy in patients with KRAS mutated pancreatic cancers, a disease for which new pathway-targeted therapies are urgently required. Citation Format: Conan Kinsey, Katrin Guillen, Soledad Camolotto, Amelie Boespflug, Jill Shea, Michael Seipp, Courtney Scaife, Martin McMahon. Combined inhibition of MEK and autophagy promotes regression of pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-254.
Venous thromboembolism after hospital discharge in pelvic and acetabular fracture patients treated operatively

Purpose:The purposes of this study were to determine the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after discharge from the hospital in patients treated operatively with a pelvic ring or acetabular frac...
The American Family on Television: From Molly Goldberg to Bill Cosby*

This article is about the family (domestic) comedy, one of the most popular and enduring genre on television. The first section concentrates on the background and rationale for studying family life...
Development of the Interdisciplinary Treatment Team

Because of a lack of evidence-based interdisciplinary treatments, the responsibility for developing an interdisciplinary team often lies with professionals and families. Each interdisciplinary team may differ depending on the characteristics and difficulties of individuals, their placements (e.g., residential care, home, school, work), and the resources available. This chapter explores the steps required—and other important considerations—to develop an interdisciplinary team.
'Winning Bigly': Sporting Fantasties of White Male Omnipotence in the Rise of Trump and Alt Right White Supremacy

In this article, the author offers a critical contextual analysis that seeks to answer Giroux’s (2015) call for scholars to map and critically examine the “cultural circuits, points of connection, internalized values, discourses and pedagogies. . . responsible for both promoting and legitimating the likes of Donald Trump” (Don’t Get Distracted by the Buffoonery section, para. 1). To this end, this essay explores how the Trump candidacy and presidency, the rise of the Alt Right, and the appeal of New England Patriots quarterback, Tom Brady, to his fans who have nicknamed him as the ‘Greatest Of All Time’ (i.e. The G.O.A.T.), are all linked by 1) the lionization of a particular performance of white masculinity as omnipotent, and 2) a desire to unapologetically revitalize white male privilege and prerogative as the unquestioned norm across American culture. The author articulates these three cultural sites together—Trump’s racial and gender performance as a politician, the alt-right’s visions of white national manhood, and cultural representations of Brady as the embodiment of white male omnipotence—to emphasize the point that the white supremacist and anti-feminist ideas expressed by Trump, his administration, and the alt-right are not just beliefs held just by a handful of white racists with ‘hate in their hearts.’Instead, these retrogressive and anti-democratic ideas about race and gender have been circulating and cross-pollinating across American film, television, and sport media (among other cultural sites) over the past decade and have primed anxious white men to perceive the Alt Right and Trump’s efforts to revitalize white male prerogative in American civic life as reasonable.
Assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of pseudo-symmetric heterocyles using the HMQC-TOCSY experiment to differentiate overlapping spin systems

The 1H nmr spectra of phenanthro[9′,10′:4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline, benzo[f]phenanthro-[9′,10′:4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline and benzo[h]phenanthro[9′,10′:4,5]thieno[2,3-c]quinoline are highly congested. For each compound, all protons abide in an aromatic environment complicated by pseudo-symmetric regions which result in multiple overlap of the different spin systems these molecules contain. We illustrate here the utility of the HMQC-TOCSY experiment to identify spin systems when the proton spectrum is highly congested. To complete the assignment of the 1H and 13C nmr spectra of each compound the HMBC experiment is used to assign the quaternary carbons.
Ultrastructure of freeze-substitutedFrankia strain HFPCcI 3, the actinomycete isolated from root nodules ofCasuarina cunninghamiana

Frankia strain HFPCcI 3 is an actinomycete isolated from root nodules ofCasuarina cunninghamiana. In culture it exhibits typicalFrankia morphology and may produce three distinct morphological forms: branching septate hyphae, terminal or intercalary sporangia, and specialized structures termed vesicles which are the purported site of nitrogenase activity. An examination of the ultrastructure of all three morphological forms using both conventional chemical fixation (CF) and quick-freezing followed by freeze-substitution (FS) reveals some interesting differences between the two fixation methods. Unique to FS material are: 1. smooth membrane profiles; 2. lack of mesosomes; 3. lack of discernible nucleoid regions with condensed chromatin; 4. clarity of cytoplasmic elements such as ribosomes and granular bodies; 5. large cytoplasmic tubules in hyphae and young sporangia; 6. outer wall layer not widely separated from the spherical portion of the vesicle, and 7. bundles of microfilaments in vesicles. The quality of preservation after FS appears to be far superior to that obtained with CF. Accordingly the structures observed after FS are thought to represent more faithfully the structure of the living cell.
Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Morphological Variation within the Platanthera hyperborea Complex (Orchidaceae)

Species complexes present considerable problems for a working taxonomy due to the presence of intraspecific variation, hybridization, polyploidy, and phenotypic plasticity. Understanding evolutionary patterns using molecular markers can allow for a more thorough assessment of evolutionary lineages than traditional morphological markers. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity and phylogenetic patterns among taxa of the Platanthera hyperborea (Orchidaceae) complex, which includes diploid (Platanthera aquilonis) and polyploid (Platanthera hyperborea, P. huronensis, and P. convallariifolia) taxa spanning North America, Greenland, Iceland, and Asia. We found that three floral morphological characters overlap among the polyploid taxa, but the diploid species has smaller flowers. DNA sequence variation in a plastid (rpL16 intron) and a nuclear (ITS) marker indicated that at least three diploid species have contributed to the genomes of the polyploid taxa, suggesting all are of allopolyploid origin. Platanthera convallariifolia is most like P. dilatata and P. stricta, whereas P. huronensis and P. hyperborea appear to have originated from crosses of P. dilatata and P. aquilonis. Platanthera huronensis, which is found across North America, has multiple origins and reciprocal maternal parentage from the diploid species. By contrast, P. hyperborea, restricted to Greenland and Iceland, appears to have originated from a small founding population of hybrids in which P. dilatata was the maternal parent. Geographic structure was found among polyploid forms in North America. The area of Manitoba, Canada appears to be a contact zone among geographically diverse forms from eastern and western North America. Given the geographic and genetic variation found, we recommend continued recognition of four green-flowered species within this complex, but caution that there may be additional cryptic taxa within North America.
Effects of enteral feeding on liver injury after small bowel resection

Background: The optimal regimen for enteral nutritional support in the management of children with short gut syndrome (SGS) is not well characterized. Elemental formulas do not require as much intestinal digestive and absorptive capacity. However, enteral feeding with a diet high in fat is considered beneficial due greater caloric density and greater structural adaptation. We therefore sought to determine the long-term effects of high fat diet (HFD) on liver steatosis and injury, a common complication of SGS, compared …
PAUL KRAUS, RICHARD WALZER, AND GALEN'S COM. TIM.

A key work for the study of pre-modern Platonism, Galen's (d. ca. 217 CE) “Synopsis of Plato's Timaeus” (Com. Tim.) is served solely by an “imperfect” 1951 edition that presents for the first time the surviving Arabic text and translates it into Latin. The editors of the “Plato Arabus” series of the Corpus Platonicum, to which the edition belongs, blamed its flaws on the untimely death of Paul Kraus (1904-1944), who prepared the edition with another Jewish refugee Richard Walzer (1900-1975) around WWII. My analysis of archival sources will demonstrate that the labor on the volume was disproportionately Kraus’, whom Walzer and the Corpus Platonicum editor Raymond Klibansky (1905-2005) marginalized from the project in their attempts to secure employment in British academia as displaced Jews. I will also consider how Walzer and Klibansky re-envisioned Kraus’ plans for a Semitic corpus of Platonism to a narrower “Plato Arabus” that would align with a study of Latin Platonism (“Plato Latinus”) in which they presumed their British patrons would be more interested.
Structure-Functional-Selectivity Relationship Studies on A-86929 Analogs and Small Fragments toward Discovery of D1 agonists

Dopamine regulates normal functions such as movement, reinforcement learning, and cognition, and its dysfunction has been implicated in multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders. Dopamine acts through the D1- (D1R and D5R) and D2-class (D2R, D3R and D4R) of seven transmembrane receptors, and activates both G-protein- and {beta}-arrestin-dependent signaling pathways, to mediate its physiological effects. Current dopamine receptor-based therapies are used to ameliorate motor deficits in Parkinsons disease, or as antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia. These drugs show efficacy for ameliorating only some symptoms caused by dopamine dysfunction and are plagued by debilitating side-effects. Studies in primates and rodents have shown that shifting the balance of dopamine receptor signaling towards the arrestin pathway can be beneficial for inducing normal movement, while reducing motor side-effects such as dyskinesias, and can be efficacious at enhancing cognitive function compared to balanced agonists. Several structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies have embarked on discovering {beta}-arrestin-biased dopamine agonists, focused on D2 partial agonists, non-catechol D1 agonists, and mixed D1/D2R dopamine receptor agonists. Here, we describe an SAR study to identify novel D1R {beta}-arrestin biased ligands using A-86929, a high-affinity D1R catechol agonist, as a core scaffold. Previously described and novel analogs of A-86929 were synthesized and screened in vitro for structure-functional-selectivity relationships (SFSR) studies to identify chemical motifs responsible for {beta}-arrestin biased activity at both D1 and D2Rs. Most of the A-86929 analogs screened were G protein biased but none of them were exclusively arrestin-biased. Additionally, various catechol aryl fragments were designed and synthesized. Other compounds surveyed included hydroxyl and chloro analogs of dopamine to test for hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. Some of these small molecular probes displayed weak bias towards the {beta}-arrestin pathway. Continued in-depth SFSR studies informed by structure determination, molecular modeling, and mutagenesis studies will facilitate discovery of potent and efficacious arrestin-biased dopamine receptor ligands.
Genomic Analysis and Biochemical Investigation Reveal Mechanisms of Schwann Cell Transformation and Treatment Resistance in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs).

Purpose/Objective(s) In contrast to benign Schwann cell derived tumors such as neurofibromas and schwannomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) metastasize, and have poor outcomes. MPNSTs are associated with loss of NF1, a tumor suppressor that inhibits Ras signaling, and loss of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) which resulting in epigenetic dysregulation. Translationally, MPNSTs are resistant to Ras/MEK inhibition with selumetinib and radiation therapy yet the mechanisms underlying how PRC2 loss cooperates with Ras misactivation to drive transformation and treatment resistance remains unclear. Here, we performed DNA methylation profiling and RNA-sequencing of Schwann cell tumors and cell lines as well as investigated in vitro responses to radiotherapy and selumetinib. Materials/Methods We identified 119 Schwann cell tumor resection specimens with sufficient tissue for DNA methylation profiling (66 schwannoma, 13 neurofibroma, 40 MPNSTs) and RNA-sequencing (23 schwannoma, 9 neurofibroma, 9 MPNSTs). To study cell signaling and treatment responses, we utilized primary human cell lines generated from NF1 intact peripheral nerve, NF1 mutant neurofibromas, and MPNSTs (n = 6). We assessed Ras signal transduction by immunoblot/immunoprecipitation for downstream effectors and performed cell viability assays following selumetinib or radiotherapy. Results Principal component analysis (PCA) of DNA methylation and RNA-sequencing data demonstrated a gradient of epigenetic signatures across Schwann cell tumors, with schwannomas comprising a distinct cluster from neurofibromas and MPNST. Moreover, differential DNA methylation and RNA-sequencing analyses both revealed enrichment for PRC2 target genes and repression of Schwann cell differentiation genes in MPNSTs. RNA-sequencing of MPNST versus neurofibroma cell lines demonstrated a PRC2 mediated signature enriched for cell differentiation genes and negative feedback regulators of Ras signaling, suggesting PRC2 dysregulation mediates de-differentiation and increased Ras pathway output in MPNSTs. In contrast to neurofibroma cells, MPNST cells were deficient in PRC2 and NF1 while exhibiting increased basal active Ras-GTP levels insensitive to serum starvation. PRC2 deficient MPNST cell lines were more resistant to selumetinib and radiation therapy when compared to NF1 deficient neurofibroma cells. Conclusion PRC2 loss causes epigenetic dysregulation that may mediate Schwann cell de-differentiation programs and altered Ras signaling in MPNSTs compared to neurofibromas. Translationally, these epigenetic changes may contribute to increased resistance to targeted therapy and radiation. The mechanisms underlying transformation and treatment resistance upon PRC2 loss are under further investigation.
Dual-band metasurface based nano-cavities

Fabry-Perot nano-cavities with metasurface mirrors are developed to obtain multi-band resonances at the wavelengths that exceed the diffraction limit. Independently tuned resonance bands are thus not limited to the integer multiples of a fundamental tone.
Simple Story Structure Intervention

In 1956, 3 years before Viola Spolin, the mother of improvisational theater, and her son, Paul Sills, opened Second City, the world’s most influential improv theater (Kozlowski, 2002), a young dire...
Brain Cholesterol Metabolism, Oxysterols, and Dementia

Cholesterol metabolism is implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amyloid production in the brain. While brain cholesterol cannot be measured directly in vivo, the oxysterol, 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC), is the predominant metabolite of brain cholesterol and can be measured in the blood. The aim of this review is to evaluate plasma 24-OHC as a potential biomarker of AD risk and discuss factors related to its levels in the brain and blood. This systematic review examines studies published between 1950 and June 2012 that examined the relationship between plasma 24-OHC, cognition, brain structure, and dementia using the following key words (“24S-hydroxycholesterol” or “24-hydroxycholesterol”) and (“Brain” or “Cognitive”). We found a total of 28 studies of plasma 24-OHC and neurodegenerative disease, including a subset of 12 that used dementia as a clinical endpoint. These studies vary in the direction of the observed associations. Results suggest plasma 24-OHC may be higher in the early stages of cognitive impairment and lower in more advanced stages of AD when compared to cognitively normal controls. Measures of 24-OHC in the blood may be an important potential marker for cholesterol metabolism in the brain and risk of AD. Further studies of plasma 24-OHC and dementia must account for the stage of disease, establish the temporal trends in oxysterol concentrations, and employ neuroimaging modalities to assess the structural and metabolic changes occurring in the brain prior to the onset of cognitive impairment.
An accurate delay model for BiCMOS gates and off-chip drivers

A delay model for BiCMOS inverters and drivers is reported. This model combines two important features. First, it is valid for a wide range of load capacitances, i.e., from sub-picofarads to tens of picofarads. The model accounts for most of the important device phenomena especially the dependence of the current gain and the forward transit time of the bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) on the collector current level. The second feature is that the model yields accurate closed form expressions for the 50% fall and rise times. The error between the analytical model and simulation program with IC emphasis (SPICE) is for most cases within 10%. The proposed closed form delay expression can be used reliably for device and circuit design applications. >
Outer-retina locus of increased flicker sensitivity of the peripheral retina

We tested alternative hypotheses concerning the locus of enhanced flicker sensitivity observed in response to stimuli presented to the peripheral retina. The first hypothesis attributes increased temporal frequency sensitivity to ganglion cell and higher-order neural processing, whereas the second hypothesis states that the locus of these temporal effects is at the cone photoreceptors. To test these alternative hypotheses we measured retinal electrophysiological and psychophysical temporal modulation thresholds. We found that sensitivity for temporal frequencies or = 30 Hz was greater in the peripheral retina than in the central retina. In addition, critical flicker frequency for the central retina was linear as a function of retinal illuminance for both the psychophysical and the electrophysiological measures. For the peripheral retina the slopes of critical flicker frequency versus log illuminance functions were steeper than the central slopes for both threshold measures. Eccentrically measured focal ERG and psychophysical critical flicker frequency values showed a relative saturation, deviating from the linear slope above 3.5 log Td. The findings of similar focal ERG and psychophysical temporal sensitivity changes with eccentricity support an outer retinal origin of this phenomenon.
Detection of site-specific binding and co-binding of ligands to macromolecules using 19F NMR

Study of ligand-macromolecular interactions by 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy affords many opportunities for obtaining molecular biochemical and pharmaceutical information. This is due to the absence of a background fluorine signal, as well as the relatively high sensitivity of 19F NMR. Use of fluorine-labeled ligands enables one to probe not only binding and co-binding phenomena to macromolecules, but also can provide data on binding constants, stoichiometries, kinetics, and conformational properties of these complexes. Under conditions of slow exchange and macromolecule-induced chemical shifts, multiple 19F NMR resonances can be observed for free and bound ligands. These shifted resonances are a direct correlate of the concentration of ligand bound in a specific state rather than the global concentrations of bound or free ligand which are usually determined using other techniques such as absorption spectroscopy or equilibrium dialysis. Examples of these interactions are demonstrated both from the literature and from interactions of 5-fluorotryptophan, 5-fluorosalicylic acid, flurbiprofen, and sulindac sulfide with human serum albumin. Other applications of 19F NMR to study of these interactions in vivo, as well for receptor binding and metabolic tracing of fluorinated drugs and proteins are discussed.