cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A single isocenter technique using CT-based planning in the treatment of breast cancer

Breast cancer will afflict 1 of every 9 women. With advances in mammography and public awareness, breast cancer is being detected at an earlier stage and is therefore more curable. The combination of lumpectomy and radiotherapy is a standard treatment option for most women with stage I and II invasive breast cancer. Radiotherapy treatment fields are usually tangential to encompass the breast, and in some cases, matched to a supraclavicular field. Due to variation in the size and shape of the breast, dosimetry and treatment planning can be challenging, yet many radiation oncology centers still achieve a treatment plan of the breast by using a single plane hand-generated contour 2-dimensional (2D) through the center of the breast. This type of planning neglects the variations in contours and chest-wall separation superior and inferior to that plane, which significantly impacts dose homogeneity and dosimetry. Computed tomography (CT) images are being utilized more often for planning in radiotherapy and should be considered for breast planning. CT-based treatment planning 3-dimensional (3D) allows the planner and physician to evaluate the dosimetry across the entire breast. Consequently, the plan can be optimized to limit lung volume with selective blocking, and minimize hot spots by using a higher energy and less wedge angle, thus improving dose homogeneity. For a larger breast, when the dosimetry using 6 MV is undesirable, a mix of 6 MV and higher energy may be used. This paper describes a single isocenter treatment technique using CT-based planning for tangents and a supraclavicular field and the advantages our department has found using 3D treatment planning vs. 2D. In addition, the creative planning done for larger breasts and the use of 18 MV combined with 6 MV to optimize a treatment plan will American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.
Increase in Perioperative Complications Following Primary Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in Patients With Hepatitis C Without Cirrhosis

The effects of hepatitis C on primary total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasties are poorly understood. The National Hospital Discharge Survey was used to identify patients who underwent THA or TKA between 1990 and 2007 without a diagnosis of cirrhosis, HIV, or hepatitis A, B, D or E virus infection. Patients were split into two groups: 1) hepatitis C (n=26,444) and 2) non-hepatitis C (n=8,336,882) and analyzed for differences in length of hospital stay, discharge status and perioperative complications. Those with hepatitis C had shorter hospital stays, higher rates of nonroutine discharge and higher odds of in-hospital complications (OR: 1.686, range: 1.645-1.727), surgery related complications (OR: 1.559, range: 1.516-1.603) and general medical complications (OR: 2.012, range: 1.961-2.064) (P<0.001).
A micropower delta-sigma modulator based on a self-biased super inverter for neural recording systems

This paper presents a micropower, supply scalable 2nd order delta-sigma modulator based on a novel self-biased fully differential super inverter for neural recording systems. By employing an enhanced cascode stage and complementary source degeneration, the super inverter achieves 52 dB of differential-mode gain and 42 dB of common-mode rejection ratio, while remaining self-biased at the optimum operating point. The prototype modulator is implemented in a 0.13 µm CMOS process and occupies 0.03 mm2 chip area. The fabricated IC achieves 66 dB SNR and 62 dB SNDR over the neural signal bandwidth of 8 KHz, while consuming 20 µW from 1.5 V supply. At 1.2 V supply, it achieves 67 dB SNR and 56 dB SNDR, with only 4.8 µW power consumption. The super inverter-based design methodology can be extended to other low power, high speed, and variation tolerant switched-capacitor circuits.
The contralateral transcingulate approach: operative technique and results with vascular lesions.

BACKGROUND The contralateral transcingulate approach is a variation of the contralateral transcallosal approach for lesions located in the cingulate gyrus and deep white matter of the medial frontal lobe. OBJECTIVE To more thoroughly describe the contralateral transcingulate approach by reporting our operative technique and results. METHODS This approach positions the head with the midline horizontally, lesion on the upside, allowing gravity retraction of the dependent frontal lobe. Bifrontal craniotomy and splitting of the interhemispheric fissure create a crossing trajectory from the contralateral fissure to the ipsilateral cingulate gyrus that maximizes lateral exposure. RESULTS Eleven patients with vascular lesions were treated with the contralateral transcingulate approach (9 patients with cavernous malformations and 2 patients with arteriovenous malformations). Eight lesions were located on the left side, 5 in the cingulate gyrus, and 6 in the deep frontal lobe. The falx was cut in 5 patients to extend the crossing trajectory. All lesions were removed completely, with neurological morbidity in 1 patient caused by venous infarction. CONCLUSION Although similar to the contralateral transcallosal approach, the contralateral transcingulate approach accesses lesions outside the ventricle and has a steeper crossing trajectory. This approach requires no disruption of brain tissue with lesions on the cingulate surface and only a small incision in cingulate gyrus with lesions in the deep frontal lobe. The ipsilateral pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries provide dependable landmarks for transcingulate dissection. The contralateral transcingulate approach offers an alternative medial approach to lesions near language and motor areas and avoids lateral transcortical approaches, awake speech mapping, and risk to eloquent cortex in the dominant hemisphere.
Evolving an ecology of two-tiered organizations

Evolutionary models typically rely on a single level of evolution for training a team of cooperating agents. I present a model that evolves at two levels—an "organizational" level and the more traditional "individual" level. Each organization contains an embedded agent population that goes through a full evolutionary process every organizational time-step. The organization's genetic code is essentially a policy that specifies the training process for its embedded agents. It also defines the creation of a representative team that is compiled after each organizational time-step. An organization's fitness is based on the performance of this representative team.
The Influence of Hexamethonium Intracisternally and of Hexamethonium and Trimethaphan Camphorsulfonate Intravenously on the Pressor Responses to Intracisternal Veratrine

SummaryThe pressor responses to cisternally injected veratrine in dogs was effectively blocked by previous cisternal injection of hexamethonium in doses of 2 mg/kg but not by intravenous doses of 10 mg/kg. A different ganglionic blocking agent, trimethaphan camphorsulfonate, in intravenous doses just adequate to block the effects of carotid occlusion, splanchnic stimulation, and nicotine injection, and which produced a marked fall in blood pressure, partially blocked the pressor response to veratrine. Additional doses of the blocking agent which produced severe blood pressure depression were required to completely block the veratrine pressor response.
Transients and Transient Suppressors for Power Conversion Equipment

Transient protection for electronic equipment is becoming an important issue. This paper will discuss the nature of transients, maximum voltage, and maximum currents available at different locations in ac distribution systems, as well as the frequency of occurrence of such transients based on IEEE Std. 587. The important role of the ac distribution system in connection with transient suppressors is defined and explained. The various shunting type transient suppressor technologies are mentioned, and some of their most important characteristics are shown. Some combinations of hybrid suppressors are shown, and their advantages and short-comings are explained. The zinc oxide varistor, the most popular of the shunt type suppressor, is treated in great detail, and its important parameters are explained.
Stress--strain behavior as related to surface topography and thickness uniformity in uni-and biaxially stretched PVDF/PMMA blends

The influence of blend composition and processing conditions on the surface roughness and thickness uniformity of PVDF/PMMA blends were investigated in uniaxial and biaxial deformation mode for PVDV and PVDF/PMMA blends 70/30, 55/45, and 40/60 wt%. The addition of PMMA retards the thermal crystallizability of the blends and this allows rapid solidification into films with little or no crystallinities. Such precursors with lowered crystallinity were found to be easily uni- and biaxially stretched into uniform and transparent films in the temperature range between the glass transition temperature and cold crystallization temperature where they exhibit strain hardening. Thus, these blends are suitable for processes such as tenter frame biaxial stretching, double bubble film blowing, and stretch blow molding where they will exhibit good transparency and thickness uniformity. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:2110–2117, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Temperature and strain rate dependence of the deformation behaviour of poly(paraphenylene benzobisthiazole)

The mechanical properties of PRT films feature an interesting temperature and strain-rate dependence. The elastic modulus and yield behaviour have been studied over a wide temperature range from 30 to 650° C. The onset of a structural reorganization is observed at about 300° C. The dependence of yield stress on strain rate at different temperatures was examined in terms of the Eyring theory of an activated rate process. It was found that the stress activation volume varies with temperature. The overall elastic-plastic behaviour as a function of temperature and strain rate was interpreted in terms of a previously suggested model that incorporates residual stresses in a rigid rod-like polymer. Enhancement of modulus was also observed due to deformation of the films under elevated temperatures, where better molecular orientation and lateral ordering are achieved.
Kinetics and drift of gate voltages for electrolyte-bathed chemically sensitive semiconductor devices

Two sources of gate voltage drift: slow mass transfer and slow interfacial potential-dependent ion crossing rates are analyzed to show the kinds of sluggish response expected for external step-activity changes. Factors involved are enumerated and results are presented according to one-region and two-region mass transport control of potential-determining species. The model is related to examples of thin gates and thick, permeable gates. Recent results of Collins and Janata on general salt responses of membranes incorporating antibodies show the monotonic and nonmonotonic transients predicted by theory. Their work provided the impetus for this analysis.
HUMAN HEPATOMA CELL MUTANT DEFECTIVE IN CELL SURFACE PROTEIN TRAFFICKING

Abstract To isolate a mutant liver cell defective in the endocytic pathway, a selection strategy using toxic ligands for two distinct membrane receptors was devised. Ovalbumin-gelonin and asialoorosomucoid (ASOR)-gelonin were incubated with mutagenized HuH-7 cells, and a rare survivor termed trafficking mutant 1 (Trf1) was isolated. Trf1 cells were stably 3-fold more resistant than the parental HuH-7 to both toxic conjugates. The anterograde steps of intracellular endocytic processing of ASOR, including internalization, endosomal acidification, and ligand degradation, were unaltered in Trf1 cells. In contrast, retrograde diacytosis of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR)ASOR complex back to the cell surface was enhanced by about 250%. Selective labeling revealed an approximately 46% reduction in cell surface-associated ASGR in Trf1 cells, although their total cellular ASGR content was essentially equivalent to that in HuH-7. Similar results were obtained with the transferrin receptor. Binding of I-ASOR and I-transferrin was reduced in Trf1 cells to 49 ± 2.5% and 30 ± 2%, respectively, of HuH-7 cells. The methionine transporter was also reduced in Trf1 cells, as revealed by a 2-fold reduction in V with no change in apparent K. Pretreatment with monensin, sodium azide, or colchicine reduced surface binding of I-ASOR in HuH-7 cells by 50% but had no effect on binding to Trf1 cells. This result is predicted for a cell that expresses only State 1 ASGRs, which are resistant to modulation by metabolic and cytoskeletal inhibitors in contrast to State 2, which are responsive to these agents (Weigel, P. H., and Oka, J. A.(1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 1150-1154). The Trf1 mutant, having lost the ability to express State 2 receptors, provides genetic evidence for the existence of these two receptor subpopulations and an approach to identifying the biochemical mechanism by which they are generated.
Altered plasma free amino acid levels in obese traumatized man

Obesity is a major nutritional disorder that produces many abnormal metabolic responses. The effect of injury-induced stresses acting synergistically with the state of excessive body fat is not well known. Plasma levels of circulating free amino acids reflect the net status of protein breakdown and utilization. Hypoaminoacidemia is a common finding in severe injury and its significance in obese subjects was investigated. We measured in 10 obese (body mass index [BMI] greater than 30) and 10 non-obese (BMI less than 30) traumatized (Injury Severity Score [ISS] 17 to 50) patients, the plasma levels of free amino acids in the early "flow" phase of injury when subjects were receiving maintenance fluids without calories or nitrogen. Postabsorptive control samples were obtained from 10 obese and 10 non-obese volunteers. Obese controls showed an increase in valine, leucine, isoleucine, and glutamic acid levels, and a decrease in glycine, tryptophan, threonine, histidine, taurine, citrulline, and cystine levels compared with lean controls. Hypoaminoacidemia was equally seen in traumatized obese and non-obese patients, and it was mainly due to a 24% decrease in nonessential amino acids. Remarkably, essential amino acid levels were the same in all groups. Arginine and ornithine levels were significantly different in traumatized obese compared with non-obese patients. The hypoglycinemia seen in non-obese trauma patients was absent in obese patients. The changes in levels of sulphur-containing amino acids also suggest that monitoring of these levels should be included in the nutritional management of obese trauma patients.
Consequences of Broad Auditory Filters for Identification of Multichannel-Compressed Vowels

Purpose In view of previous findings (Bor, Souza, & Wright, 2008) that some listeners are more susceptible to spectral changes from multichannel compression (MCC) than others, this study addressed ...
Clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes: report of a case

A sentinel isolate of clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes from a case of mixed aerobic-anaerobic necrotizing fasciitis prompted our clinical laboratory to change its protocol and subsequently perform routine susceptibility testing on all S. pyogenes isolated from blood and soft tissue specimens. Emerging clindamycin resistance may have serious implications in the treatment of severe S. pyogenes infections.
The Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission Deficit in Low-Metallicity Galaxies—A Spitzer View

Archival observations of 18 starburst galaxies that span a wide range in metallicity reveal for the first time a correlation between the ratio of emission-line fluxes of [Fe II] at 26 ?m and [Ne II] at 12.8 ?m and the 7.7 ?m PAH strength, with the [Fe II]/[Ne II] flux ratio decreasing with increasing PAH strength. We also find a strong correlation between the [Fe II]/[Ne II] flux ratio and the host galaxy metallicity, with the flux ratio decreasing with increasing metallicity. Since [Fe II] emission has been linked primarily to supernova shocks, we attribute the high [Fe II]/[Ne II] ratios in low-metallicity galaxies to enhanced supernova activity. We consider this to be a dominant mechanism for PAH destruction, rather than grain destruction in photoionized regions surrounding young massive stars. We also consider whether the extreme youth of the low-metallicity galaxies is responsible for the lack of PAH emission.
Measuring social complexity

In one of the first formulations of the social complexity hypothesis, Humphrey (1976, page 316, Growing Points in Ethology, Cambridge University Press) predicts ‘that there should be a positive correlation across species between social complexity and individual intelligence’. However, in the many ensuing tests of the hypothesis, surprisingly little consideration has been given to measures of the independent variable in this evolutionary relationship, that is, social complexity. Here, we seek to encourage more rigorous measures of social complexity. We first review previous definitions of this variable and point to two common flaws; a lack of objectivity and a failure to directly connect sociality to the use of cognition. We argue that, rather than creating circularity, including cognition in the definition of social complexity is necessary for accurately testing the social complexity hypothesis. We propose a new definition of social complexity that is based on the number of differentiated relationships that individuals have. We then demonstrate that the definition is both broadly applicable and flexible, allowing researchers to include more detailed information about the degree of differentiation among individuals when the data are available. While we see this definition of social complexity as one possible way forward, our larger goal is to encourage researchers examining the social complexity hypothesis to carefully consider their measurement of social complexity.
Dissipative sequences in infinite ergodic theory

Abstract Let T be an invertible, ergodic, measure-preserving transformation on a nonatomic, infinite, σ-finite measure space (Ω, A ,μ) . A set A∈ A is weakly wandering under the sequence of integers W={ni}i=1∞ if the sets TniA are disjoint. If, for a given sequence W, there exists a weakly wandering set of positive measure, then we call W a weakly wandering sequence. A sequence {ki}i=1∞ is dissipative if, for every function f∈L 1 (Ω, A ,μ) , we have ∑ i=1 ∞ |f(T k i x)| , almost everywhere. Every weakly wandering sequence is dissipative. In 1978, Hajian and Ito constructed a dissipative sequence which is not weakly wandering. An example of a dissipative sequence which is not a finite union of weakly wandering sequences is presented. Also, some further properties of dissipative sequences are studied.
Photochemical fixation of supercritical carbon dioxide: the production of a carboxylic acid from a polyaromatic hydrocarbon

Abstract We present our initial results on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide as both a reactant and as a reaction medium to photo-chemically produce carboxylic acids from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via radical anion intermediates. In the present work, we have found that photolysis of anthracene in supercritical carbon dioxide produces up to 57% yield of 9,10-dihydroanthracene-9-carboxylic acid in the presence of appropriate electron and hydrogen donors. This is in stark contrast to the lack of carboxylic acid formation in conventional non-polar aprotic solvents. Additionally, we have found no evidence that under reaction conditions similar to those necessary for radical anion fixation of carbon dioxide that carbon-centered free radicals produce carboxylic acids.
Exchange-rate-based stabilization : a model of financial fragility

Interactions between banks and open capital account are investigated as rationalizations for empirical regularities characterizing disinflation programs anchored by the exchange rate. The financial system is characterized by bank dominance and lending externality--banks do not internalize the effect of their lending on other banks' information about potential borrowers. Model dynamics simulation shows that remonetization in the wake of disinflation increases loanable funds supply and translates into bank credit expansion financed by capital inflows. A credit-driven boom results, accompanied by overvaluation and current account deficits generating financial fragilities and vulnerability to a shock that can trigger banking and balance-of-payments crises.
Analysis of operating policies for manufacturing cells

We present an analytical model for error-recovery problems of unitary production cells and develop a framework for economic justification. Each production cell has its own machine and functional characteristics (e.g. precision, speed, operating cost). Each alternative operating policy of error-recovery for a production cell leads to a different system throughput, scrap rate, and required quantities of parts. However, error recovery cannot be accomplished without in-process inspections. Thus, the central problem discussed in this paper is to maximize profits or throughput rate by selecting an appropriate production cell along with an optimal set of inspection and error recovery policies.
Insight into the structure of light-harvesting complex II and its stabilization in detergent solution.

The structure of spinach light-harvesting complex II (LHC II), stabilized in a solution of the detergent n-octyl-β-d-glucoside (BOG), was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Physicochemical characterization of the isolated complex indicated that it was pure (>95%) and also in its native trimeric state. SANS with contrast variation was used to investigate the properties of the protein−detergent complex at three different H2O/D2O contrast match points, enabling the scattering properties of the protein and detergent to be investigated independently. The topological shape of LHC II, determined using ab initio shape restoration methods from the SANS data at the contrast match point of BOG, was consistent with the X-ray crystallographic structure of LHC II (Liu et al. Nature 2004 428, 287−292). The interactions of the protein and detergent were investigated at the contrast match point for the protein and also in 100% D2O. The data suggested that BOG micelle structure was altered by its intera...
Trends of Outpatient Prescription Drug Utilization in US Children, 2002–2010

OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in outpatient prescription drug utilization in US children and the changes in major areas of pediatric therapeutic use for the years 2002 through 2010. METHODS: Large prescription databases (the IMS Vector One: National and Total Patient Tracker) were used to examine national drug utilization patterns for the US pediatric population (ages 0–17 years) from 2002 through 2010. RESULTS: In 2010, a total of 263.6 million prescriptions were dispensed to the US pediatric population, 7% lower than in 2002, while prescriptions dispensed to the adult population increased 22% during the same time. Analysis of pediatric drug utilization trends for the top 12 therapeutic areas in 2010 compared with 2002 showed decreases in systemic antibiotics (–14%), allergies (–61%), pain (–14%), depression (–5%), and cough/cold without expectorant (–42%) prescriptions, whereas asthma (14%), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (46%), and contraceptive (93%) prescriptions increased. In 2010, amoxicillin was the most frequently dispensed prescription in infants (aged 0–23 months) and children (aged 2–11 years). Methylphenidate was the top prescription dispensed to adolescents (aged 12–17 years). Off-label use was identified, particularly for lansoprazole; ∼358 000 prescriptions were dispensed in 2010 for infants CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the patterns of pediatric drug utilization were observed from 2002 to 2010. Changes include a decrease in antibiotic use and an increase in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medication use during the examined time. This article provides an overview of pediatric outpatient drug utilization, which could set the stage for further in-depth analyses.
Evolution of the Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology

It has been a great privilege to serve as your President for the past year. Our Society is still small and still young, but showing definite signs of growth and maturation. The Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynaecology has experienced parallel development. Since the Journal is the official organ of our Society and since I have had the good fortune to have been involved with it since its inception, I have chosen to describe the evolution of the Journal as the topic of my Presidential Address. First we will review the communication attempts which preceded the Journal, then its development and growth will be described. Following this I will report to you a brief citation analysis, and we will end with a discussion of the mutually supportive and beneficial relationships between the Journal and our Society.
The Arabidopsis LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES–Domain Gene ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 Functions in the Repression of KNOX Gene Expression and in Adaxial-Abaxial Patterning

The normal development of lateral organs of the shoot requires the simultaneous repression of meristem-specific genes and the activation of organ-specific genes. ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) is required for the development of normal leaf shape and for the repression of KNOX genes in the leaf. AS2 is a member of the recently identified, plant-specific LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES (LOB)–domain gene family. Expression of AS2 at high levels resulted in repression of the KNOX homeobox genes BREVIPEDICELLUS, KNAT2, and KNAT6 but not of the related SHOOT MERISTEMLESS gene. Overexpression of AS2 also led to a perturbation of normal adaxial-abaxial asymmetry in lateral organs, resulting in the replacement of abaxial cell types with adaxial cell types. These results indicate that AS2 is sufficient to induce adaxial cell fate and repress KNOX gene expression.
The Importance of International Business to The Strategic Agenda of U.S. CEOs

The growth of international business (IB) and concerns about the relevance of IB research indicate the need for managerial input on the topic. A survey of 108 U.S. CEOs reveals that IB issues are an important part of their strategic agenda. Four types of IB issues are identified which reveal that American CEOs appear to be taking a proactive stance regarding the international arena. The CEOs were also found to hold diverse perceptions of IB issues. The implications of these findings are discussed
Transcription of pH-sensitive supramolecular assemblies into silica: from straight, coiled, and helical tubes to single and double fan-like bundles

The transcription of self-assembled organic structures by the sol–gel process is a powerful method in the synthesis of inorganic materials with controlled sizes, shapes, and porosities. Lithocholic acid (LCA) shows pH-sensitive supramolecular assemblies in aqueous solution, which can be used as tunable templates in the synthesis of silica replicas. Micro- and submicro-scale silica structures from straight, coiled, and helical tubes to single and double fan-like bundles are formed by the sol–gel transcription of pH-sensitive LCA assemblies with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the presence of ammonia catalyst.
Vigilance and foraging substrate: anti-predatory considerations in a non-standard environment

The commonly studied “standard” anti-predatory environment presents animals with spatially-distinct feeding sites and refuges from attack, neither of which necessarily obstructs predator detection. In contrast, tree-trunks provide animals with a markedly “non-standard” environment in which the foraging substrate itself may be a refuge from attack that unavoidably obstructs predator detection. Thus anti-predatory behavior in this environment should be influenced not only by a perceived risk of attack, but also by the nature of the refuge/foraging substrate itself. Downy woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) are a common tree-trunk foraging animal, and an experimental analysis of their behavior suggests that they respond appropriately to their non-standard anti-predatory environment. In particular, anti-predatory vigilance varies strongly with changes in tree trunk diameter. Two modes of vigilance were apparent. In “stationary” vigilance, woodpeckers maintained the position of their feet while rotating their bodies side-to-side to peer around the trunk; “mobile” vigilance involved movement around the trunk itself. Both the frequency and angle of rotation of stationary vigilance increased with trunk diameter, as did the frequency of mobile vigilance. The woodpeckers also held their heads farther away from the trunk surface as diameter increased. All of these measures of vigilance increased under a greater perceived risk of predation. As might be expected given these results, downy woodpeckers avoided thick trunks; they did not, however, prefer the thinnest (least obstructive) available trunks. These preferences may reflect the influence of trunk diameter on thermo-ecological and/or anti-predator considerations not related to vigilance. Overall, this arboreal environment provides an unusual perspective on anti-predator decision-making with several implications for tree-trunk foraging animals in general.
Surgical treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is reported to be the most common cause of inner ear vertigo seen in otologic practice. Symptoms, although distressing, are usually self-limited and resolve spontaneously over a few days to several weeks. Although conservative management, including repositioning maneuvers, is usually sufficient for relief of the symptoms of BPPV, a small group of patients will have refractory chronic or recurrent symptoms that they consider disabling. Of the options available for surgical treatment of BPPV, posterior canal occlusion seems to offer the most consistent and reproducible results, with excellent cure rates and low incidence of hearing loss and other complications.
Hutchinson's melanotic freckle in oral mucous membrane

The occurrence of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle in the floor of the mouth is reported in a patient who had previously undergone a partial resection of the mandible for melanoma arising in the labial alveolar mucosa. The present case appears to be the fourth reported instance of a melanotic freckle of oral mucosa. In 2 of the 3 previously published reports, the morphological features were not illustrated or described. In the third, a black-brown pigmented area had been present for many years and was followed by the development of melanoma in the same area. In the case histories of several of the reports of intra-oral melanoma reviewed by the authors, it was stated that mucosal pigmentation had been present for a considerable period of time before the melanoma developed. This suggests the possibility that Hutchinson's melanotic freckle may have been present but not recognized.
52 Evaluation of Correlation Between the Quantitative Bone Ultrasound and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, and Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase in Very Low Birth Weight Infants at Risk for Osteopenia of Prematurity.

52 Evaluation of Correlation Between the Quantitative Bone Ultrasound and Serum Alkaline Phosphatase, and Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase in Very Low Birth Weight Infants at Risk for Osteopenia of Prematurity.
Energy-Efficient, Heterogeneous Sensor Selection for Physical Activity Detection in Wireless Body Area Networks

In this paper, the problem of efficient operation of an energy-constrained, heterogeneous Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) to optimize an activity detection application is addressed. WBANs constitute a new class of wireless sensor networks that enable diverse applications in healthcare, entertainment, sports, military and emergency situations. A typical WBAN consists of a few, heterogeneous sensors wirelessly coupled to an energy-constrained fusion center which, according to observations of a real-world prototype WBAN, imposes critical restrictions on system lifetime. To address this issue, a novel stochastic control framework is introduced, which considers both sensor heterogeneity and application requirements, for achieving the two-fold goal: energy savings with satisfactory detection performance. An optimal dynamic programming algorithm for the sensor selection problem is also derived. Important properties of the cost functionals are derived and used to design three approximation algorithms, which offer near optimal performance with significant complexity reduction. Simulations on real-world data show energy gains as high as 68% in comparison to an equal allocation scheme with probability of detection error on the order of 10-4.
The King and the Pope on the Virgin Portal of Notre-Dame

This study of the Portal of the Coronation of the Virgin on the west facade of Notre-Dame is primarily concerned with the problems of identification of two of the monumental statues that formerly stood in the embrasures—those of a pope and a king—and with the related subject matter of the six extant reliefs in the dadoes beneath their former emplacement.1 Since, however, these reliefs and the two statues also constituted an integral part of the iconographic program of the lower portions of the doorway, a brief review of the general subject matter of this Virgin Portal and its architectonic composition is first necessary, as well as a consideration, however summary, of the place of the portal in the sculptural chronology of the west facade.
Modeling genetic polymorhphisms and sickle cell associated vasoocclusive events using classification and regression trees (CART)

Purpose Although sickle cell anemia is a single gene ( HBB ) disorder, the variable pattern of complications seen among patients is unlikely the result of solely the HBB mutation. Conventional case-control analyses using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are useful in looking for single gene associations, however studying gene interactions becomes increasingly inefficient as the number of SNPs increase. Application of more complex statistical methods such as classification and regression trees allows for the analysis of many SNPs and covariates simultaneously. Methods From the over 4000 patients in the Cooperative Study for Sickle Cell Disease, a subset of 1584 were genotyped for 180 SNPs in 92 genes. Clinical data for these patients were merged with genotype data and 576 patients were identified who had at least one of the following vasoocclusive events: stroke, osteonecrosis of the humeral or femoral head and/or priapism. With the remaining patients serving as controls, CART was run to identify genes and covariates whose interactions characterize patients with vasoocclusive events. Results The final tree, after pruning, shows five terminal nodes that predict vasoocclusive event. Along with age, the genes ANXA2, BMP6, SELP, TGFBR2 and TGFBR3 were found to be associated with the vasoocclusive event phenotype; each of these genes have been found to be associated with at least one of the individual phenotypes of stroke, osteonecrosis and/or priapism previously. Conclusion These results support our parallel work using Bayesian networks to understand the interactions among genes underlying the clinical heterogeneity of sickle cell anemia and studies of individual phenotypes. While Bayesian networks have superior predictive power, CART provides a simple initial screening of genes and covariates that may be simultaneously associated with the phenotype.
A comparison of algorithms for vertex normal computation

We investigate current vertex normal computation algorithms and evaluate their effectiveness at approximating analytically computable (and thus comparable) normals for a variety of classes of model. We find that the most accurate algorithm depends on the class and that for some classes, none of the available algorithms is particularly good. We also compare the relative speeds of all algorithms.
Functionalization and Linking Chemistry of Poly(styryl)lithium with 1,3‐Butadiene Diepoxide

The reaction of excess poly(styryl)lithium mass spectrometry. The DEPT 13 C NMR spectrum showed (Mn = 1 400g · mol -1 ) with 1,3-butene diepoxide proceeds that a disecondary 1,2-diol unit was present, consistent with efficiently to produce a coupled product with two in-chain attack of PSLi on the least-substituted, methylene carbons of hydroxyl groups. The pure coupled, functionalization pro- 1,3-butadiene diepoxide. The MALDI-TOF mass spectrum duct was isolated in quantitative yield by silica gel column of the purified product exhibited only one distribution with chromatography. This product was characterized by 'H and monoisotopic peaks corresponding to the coupled, dihydroxyMALDI-TOF mass spectrum of the purified, in-chain, hydroxyl-functionalized polystyrene and the reaction of PSLi with 1,3-butadiene diepoxide.
The Relation of Vocational Aspirations and Assessments to Employment Reality.

Abstract A typology was used to organize Census data about kinds of employment, survey data about people's aspirations, and the results of vocational assessments made with and without norms for men and women at two educational levels-some high school or above, and some college or above. Results indicate that kinds of employment differ greatly for different educational levels and between the sexes. The distribution of people's aspirations resembles the distribution of actual employment with some notable exceptions. Results also indicate that the use of sex-based interest inventory norms is unrealistic because they create distributions that diverge greatly from the distribution of actual employment. Some implications of the congruence between kinds of people and their employment are discussed for vocational guidance, test development, and career development research and theory.
Left behind: The social democratic party in Eastern Germany

Four long‐term structural complications have prevented the Social Democratic Party of Germany from establishing a large party membership in eastern Germany since unification: the injurious legacy of Nazi and communist rule, the contradictions that arose in the 1980s out of the SPD's Ostpolitik, the flawed birth and development of the eastern SPD, and continuing tensions between the eastern and western wings of the party. Since none of these structural problems is likely to change quickly, the SPD will remain impaired in the East for the foreseeable future. This in turn will make it extremely difficult for the SPD to win federal elections.
27Al NMR study of mixed alkali effects in β-alumina

Abstract Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation measurements are reported for 27 Al in Na-, K-, and Na 0.5 K 0.5 β-alumina in the temperature range 5–670K. A shallow T 1 -minimum is observed at ∼35K in the mixed cation compound and is attributed to a substantially altered population of two-level system (TLS) tunneling modes. The high temperature T 1 -minimum in the alloy crystal occurs at a significantly higher temperature than in either the Na- or K β-alumina. Both phenomena are discussed in terms of mixed ion pair distributions and are consistent with other manifestations of the mixed alkali effect in β-alumina reported in the literature.
Investigation of Defect Concentration Distributions in Ion-Implanted and Annealed GaAs

Uncapped and Si 3 N 4 -capped annealing of GaAs grown with the horizontal Bridgman technique was investigated with deep-level transient spectroscopy. Electron trap concentration distributions were measured with a reduced noise DLTS system to ensure reliable data. Ion implantation using Se ions both prior to capping and through a Si 3 N 4 cap was carried out. The evolution of defect energy levels and the changes in concentration distributions with anneal temperature were studied. It is concluded that the defects residing in the probed space-charge region can be annealed out with a Si 3 N 4 cap at a temperature higher than 750 C.
Surface excess isotherms of organic solvent mixtures in a system made of liquid carbon dioxide and a silicagel surface.

Abstract The surface excess isotherms of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and acetonitrile from liquid carbon dioxide on a silica adsorbent were measured, using the minor disturbance method. The minor disturbance peaks – or system peaks – of each organic modifier were recorded using UV-detection in the whole composition range of the organic/liquid carbon dioxide mixtures, the whole composition range was completed by injecting the modifiers into pure liquid carbon dioxide as well. The excess isotherms were calculated based on the retention of the organic solvent signals. Our results show an enrichment of the organic modifier at the adsorbent surface. The alcohols show multilayer adsorption with an extremely high retention on the silica surface while acetonitrile shows weaker interactions and only a slight trend toward the formation of a multilayer above the surface.
The End of Liberalism: Narrating Welfare's Decline, from the Moynihan Report (1965) to the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (1996)

Between 1965 and the end of the century, welfare—that is, Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC)—expanded dramatically; came under attack from conservatives, libertarians, and liberals; and then, in the 1990s, was virtually eliminated as a federal program through legislation that had broad, bipartisan support. Throughout that process of growth and declension, social scientists played central roles in shaping perceptions of welfare, most significantly by examining the impact of welfare on the work ethic, on family structure, on gender relations, on poverty, and on inner-city, black communities. This is an enormously complex story, and I have engaged it by focusing on four influential texts, each by a prominent social scientist: Daniel P. Moynihan's The Negro Family: The Case for National Action (1965), otherwise known as the Moynihan Report; Charles Murray's Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980 (1982); Martin Anderson's Welfare: The Political Economy of Welfare Reform in the United States (1978); and David T. Ellwood's Poor Support: Poverty in the American Family (1988). Although this approach inevitably oversimplifies somewhat, it also makes possible a more intensive critical reading of these key historical documents.
Boundary Layer Adjustment as an Initial Value Problem

Abstract Previous investigations of boundary layer adjustment, such as those by Panofsky and Townsend, and more recently by Townsend, have been based upon similarity arguments. In this paper, however, the adjustment of a neutrally stratified boundary layer to a sudden change in surface roughness is treated as an initial value problem. Changes in wind speed obtained from the numerical integration of a set of nonlinear boundary layer equations are significantly larger than previous theoretical predictions. Numerical results comparable to the similarity predictions can be obtained by neglecting the effects of vertical motion. Numerical techniques such as those developed herein should be of value in modeling nonuniform boundary layer flows that are beyond the scope of current similarity solutions.
Quantum effects in a two Higgs doublet model of the electroweak interactions

Abstract The additional quantum corrections to the quantities Δr and ϱNC(ν;h), arising in a two Higgs doublet extension of the standard model, are studied. The presence of terms quadratic in the Higgs masses sharply constrains the Higgs mass isosplittings. Assuming degenerate masses for the neutral scalars, a bound on the Higgs isosplitting of about 7mZ follows from current deep inelastic νμ, ν μ data. It is argued that in the near future, precise measurements of mZ, mW and sin2 ζW will define the mass isosplitting with an accuracy of 1mZ or less, depending on the central value of Δr. Present supersymmetric extensions of the model do not lead to comparatively large effects.
Imaging copper metabolism imbalance in Atp7b (-/-) knockout mouse model of Wilson's disease with PET-CT and orally administered 64CuCl2.

Objectives This study aims to determine the feasibility and utility of functional imaging of copper metabolism imbalance in Atp7b−/− knockout mouse model of Wilson’s disease (WD) with positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) using orally administered copper-64 chloride (64CuCl2) as a tracer.
A Business Content Explorer for intelligent traffic projects

We have built a standalone tool called the Business Content Explorer to provide traffic-domain specific content consisting of concepts, business rules, metrics and business processes readily available to IT professionals (software architects and developers) working on ITS projects. The novelties in the tool are twofold in terms of: (a) how the user can use the tool, and (b) how the content is collected and continuously updated. For tool usage, the tool supports not only browsing of the relevant as well as authoritative content but also its evolution over different projects. Specifically, the user can select specific subset that can be used in their project, enhance it, export and then re-import the extended content to reconcile it with the master content. For content creation, we follow a semi-automated method wherein public documents like Request for Proposals (RFPs), Tenders and Technical Papers are collected and then semi-automated content extraction techniques in off-the-shelf tools are used to obtain the content. Initial feedback from practioners indicates that the approach is able to provide valuable and much-needed content to them.
Acyl-acyl-carrier protein: Lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyltransferase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis

Abstract Membranes isolated from the cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis, and washed free of soluble endogenous constituents, were capable of catalyzing the direct transfer of the acyl group from acyl-acyl-carrier protein to an endogenous lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol to form monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. Other glycolipids including monoglucosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol were not products of this reaction. The transfer was not dependent on any added cofactors. Palmitoyl-, stearoyl- and oleoyl-acyl-carrier protein were approximately equally active as substrates. Transfer was exclusively to the C-1 of the glycerol, as demonstrated by hydrolysis of all incorporated acyl groups by the lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus delamar. In addition to the single galactolipid, a second minor reaction product was free fatty acid, presumably due to hydrolysis of the acyl-acyl-carrier protein. Using a double-labelled [14C|acyl-]14Clacyl-carrier protein, the reaction was demonstrated to be a transfer reaction, rather than a simple exchange of acyl groups with endogenous monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. The transfer reaction mechanism was also confirmed by increasing activity with the addition of liposomes of lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol.