cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffuse cerebral sclerosis and adrenal atrophy.

SUMMARY The association of diffuse cerebral sclerosis and adrenal cortical atrophy has been reported. too often to be the result of coincidence. The literature is reviewed and a further case is reported. Possible links between the two conditions are considered. REE Sclerose cerebrate diffuse et atropine surrenale Ľassociation entre la sclerose cerebrale diffuse et Ľatrophie cortico-surrenale a ee rapportee trop souvent pour etre le resultat d'une coincidence. La litterature est passee en revue et un cas nouveau est rapporte. Les connections possibles entre ces deux maladies sont recherchees. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Diffuse zerebrale Sklerose und adrenale A trophie Uber die Verbindung diffuser zerebrale Sklerose und adrenal kortikaler Atrophie ist zu oft berichtet worden, als dass dieses Ergebnis Zufall sein konnte. Die Literatur wird besprochen und uber einen weiteren Fall berichtet. Mogliche Zusammenhange zwischen den beiden Konditionen werden in Erwagung gezogen. RESUMEN La esclerosis cerebral difusa y la atrofia adrenal Se ha notado demasiado veces una asociacion de la esclerosis cerebral difusa y la atrofia cortical adrenal para que sea nada mas que coincidencia. Se discuten las aportaciones al sujeto, y se dan detalles de otro caso semejante. Se consideran las relaciones posibles entre las dos afecciones.
Insulin, glucagon, portal systemic shunting, and hepatic failure in the dog

The distorted amino acid pattern in hepatic failure is common throughout the animal kingdom, including the rat [l], the dog [5, 7, 131, and man [6, 12, 161, with decompensated cirrhosis and encephalopathy. More recently, interest has focused on some of the causation of these changes in amino acid patterns. Sherwin et al. [19] and Munro et al. [14] have suggested that the decreased branched-chain amino acids so prominent in the plasma amino acid pattern are secondary to the hyperinsulinism present in animals or patients with liver disease and following portal systemic shunt. Sherwin et al. also proposed that the hyperglucagonemia found in patients with Laennec’s cirrhosis may also contribute to the glucose intolerance [19], very much as it is manifest in infection and bums [17, 231. More recently, results from this and other laboratories have suggested that the modification of the deranged amino acid pattern by either infusion [8, 91 or perfusion techniques [lo, 151 may result in the amelioration of hepatic encephalopathy. Insulin and glucagon are both intimately related to amino acid metabolism. The present experiments were undertaken to study the influence of both portal systemic shunting and hepatic function on insulin and glucagon levels as well as on amino acids in an attempt to determine the relative impor-
AN ASSAY METHOD FOR DISULFIDE GROUPS BY FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING.

Abstract The fluorescence of FMA is quenched by combination with a thiol group and by reaction with the disulfide group at high pH. This property of FMA has been used as the basis of a sensitive and specific method for the assay of SS groups either on paper or in solution. When used as a spray an alkaline solution of FMA can detect about 10 −10 mole of disulfide. In solution FMA can be employed at 10 −7 M to measure disulfide concentrations in the same range. The solution procedure has been adapted to the continuous assay of column effluents for their content of cystine-containing peptides. With oxidized glutathione the FMA method is at least fifty times more sensitive than the ninhydrin assay.
THE FERMI BUBBLES: SUPERSONIC ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS JETS WITH ANISOTROPIC COSMIC-RAY DIFFUSION

TheFermiGamma-RaySpaceTelescope reveals two large bubbles in the Galaxy, which extend nearly symmetrically ∼50 ◦ above and below the Galactic center. Using three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic simulations that self-consistently include the dynamical interaction between cosmic rays (CRs) and thermal gas and anisotropic CR diffusion along the magnetic field lines, we show that the key characteristics of the observed gamma-ray bubbles and the spatially correlated X-ray features in the ROSAT 1.5 keV map can be successfully reproduced by recent jet activity from the central active galactic nucleus. We find that after taking into account the projection of the 3D bubbles onto the sky the physical heights of the bubbles can be much smaller than previously thought, greatly reducing the formation time of the bubbles to about a Myr. This relatively small bubble age is needed to reconcile the simulations with the upper limit of bubble ages estimated from the cooling time of high-energy electrons. No additional physical mechanisms are required to suppress large-scale hydrodynamic instabilities because the evolution time is too short for them to develop. The simulated CR bubbles are edge-brightened, which is consistent with the observed projected flat surface brightness distribution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sharp edges of the observed bubbles can be due to anisotropic CR diffusion along magnetic field lines that drape around the bubbles during their supersonic expansion, with suppressed perpendicular diffusion across the bubble surface. Possible causes of the slight bends of the Fermi bubbles to the west are also discussed.
Ultraviolet enhanced reactivation of Herpes simplex virus inactivated by different wavelengths of UV radiation.

— The degree of ultraviolet enhanced reactivation (UVR) exhibited by mammalian cells when infected with Herpes simplex virus inactivated by different wavelengths of far ultraviolet (UV) radiation was measured. A wavelength dependence for this effect is presented over the wavelength region 238–297 nm. Within the limits of the deviations obtained, the degree of UVR exhibited is similar at each wavelength. This suggests that virus irradiated with different wavelengths of UV radiation received the same type of damage or that cells repaired the different types of viral damage with the same efficiency.
Dogear: Social bookmarking in the enterprise

We describe a social bookmarking service de-signed for a large enterprise. We discuss design principles addressing online identity, privacy, information discovery (including search and pivot browsing), and service extensi-bility based on a web-friendly architectural style. In addi-tion we describe the key design features of our implementa-tion. We provide the results of an eight week field trial of this enterprise social bookmarking service, including a de-scription of user activities, based on log file analysis. We share the results of a user survey focused on the benefits of the service. The feedback from the user trial, comprising survey results, log file analysis and informal communica-tions, is quite positive and suggests several promising en-hancements to the service. Finally, we discuss potential extension and integration of social bookmarking services with other corporate collaborative applications.
Stationary micro-CT scanner using a distributed multi-beam field emission x-ray source: a feasibility study

Current micro-CT scanners use either one or two x-ray tubes that are mechanically rotated around an object to collect the projection images for CT reconstruction. The rotating gantry design hinders the performance of the micro-CT scanner including the scanning speed. Based on the newly emerged carbon nanotube based distributed multi-beam x-ray array technology, we have proposed to build a stationary gantry-free multi-beam micro-CT (MBμCT) scanner. To investigate the feasibility of this concept, a prototype system using a source array with 20 individually controlled x-ray beams has been designed and tested. The prototype CT scanner can generate a scanning x-ray beam to image an object from different viewing angles (coverage of 36°) without any rotation. The electronics and software for system control and data have been implemented. The projected performance of the prototype MBμCT imaging system was discussed and some preliminary imaging results were presented.
An Application of Deceleration Test Methods to the Determination of Induction-Motor Performance

RETARDATION tests have been used by industry for a long time. They have found their main applications in the determination of certain machine losses, usually friction and windage and core loss. The machines to which these methods have been applied have ordinarily had large mass and low rotational losses with the result that a considerable time would elapse between the time the power was shut off and the time the machine would come to rest. By proper selection of equipment and analysis the same methods may be applied to much smaller machines having relatively short stopping periods. In the present instance the methods have been applied to two double squirrel-cage induction motors, one a 7 1/2-horsepower 6-pole machine, and the other a 5-horsepower 4-pole machine. In each case the inertia was increased to about twice that of the motor alone by the use of a small flywheel. A similar analysis has been applied to acceleration tests on these two motors in which the motors were started at reduced voltage. By combining the acceleration tests with the decleration tests the speed-torque curves of the motors have been obtained. It is hoped that the discussion of the difficulties and the results of these tests will help to indicate the value and limitations of the methods as applied to similar determinations in this and other fields.
Timelike Reflection: the Coupling between Time Reversal and the Poincaré Group

Timelike reflection through arbitrary spacelike hyperplanes is discussed as the covariant generalization of time reversal. The von Neumann algebra generated by the set of all timelike reflections is shown to contain the connected segment of the Poincar\'e group. The equations of motion for the antilinear operators of motion reversal on arbitrary spacelike hyperplanes are derived, and consistency relations between the various hyperplane derivatives of the motion-reversal operators are obtained.
Healing of Microsphere Cores in Sandwich Composites

The primary purposes of a core in a sandwich composite are to keep the face sheets separated by a fixed distance and to transmit shear stresses. Syntactic foam cores consisting of hollow glass microspheres and resin can form strong, lightweight cores. By underfilling the interstitial space in a packed microsphere bed with a binder, a three-phase syntactic foam is created that has a percolated void network. In a sealed sandwich composite, a void network allows for the entire core of the sandwich composite to be evacuated and mechanically compressed by the exterior pressure. By combining this compression with a heating cycle, it is possible to repair core cracking and core/face sheet interface debonding when a reversible binder is used. Upon cooling, the healed sandwich restores its properties. We examine the relation between the mechanical properties of these sandwich composites and the healing methodologies.
Willis Hurst in Memoriam

Cardiology lost a giant on October 1, 2011, with the death of Dr. J. Willis Hurst in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Hurst died at Emory University Hospital from complications of a stroke. He was 91 years old. Willis will best be remembered as the long-term chairman of the Department of Medicine of the Emory University School of Medicine (30 years); as the editor or coeditor with Drs. Bruce Logue, Robert Schlant, and Nanette Wenger of The Heart; and as personal physician to Presient Lyndon Johnson. In addition to his wife, Nelie (61 years of happy arriage), and 3 sons, John, Jr., Stephen, and Philip, Dr. urst’s personal passions were teaching, writing, and atient care. Among his teaching awards, he received the aster Teacher Award twice from the American College f Cardiology, the Gifted Teacher Award from the Amercan College of Physicians, and the Pappageorge Award or Excellence in Teaching at Emory. Dr. Hurst created 8 medical books and published 461 scientific articles. urst’s The Heart continues to be the leading textbook in the eld of cardiology. One day at the White House to care for resident Johnson and the next caring for the poorest patients t Grady Memorial Hospital, Willis Hurst always provided xcellent patient care. Fortunately, he was recognized for his many contribuions to the medical profession during his lifetime. Dr. Hurst erved as president of the American Heart Association in 971 and 1972 and as president of the American Society of rofessors of Medicine 1985 and 1986. After becoming a ember of the Sub-Specialty Board of Cardiovascular Disases in 1965, he served as chairman of the board from 1967 o 1970. He was a Founder and President of the Paul Dudley hite Society in 1974 and was asked to give the memorial ddress when Dr. White died. I had the privilege of working with Willis Hurst for 49 ears and enjoyed his support and advice as chief of cariothoracic surgery, as director of the Emory Clinic (of hich Dr. Hurst was a founding member), and as vice resident for health affairs and director of the Robert W. oodruff Health Sciences Center. J. Willis Hurst was a remarkable and unique individual nd physician. He should be the ideal role model for all oung people who enter the medical profession.
Temperature Dependence of Ethanol Depression in Mice: Dose Response

Manipulation of body temperature during intoxication significantly alters brain sensitivity to ethanol. The current study tested the generality of this effect within the hypnotic dose range. Drug naive, male C57BL/6J mice were injected with 3.2, 3.6, or 4.0 g/kg ethanol (20% w/v) and were exposed to 1 of 7 designated temperatures from 13 degrees to 34 degrees C to manipulate body temperature during intoxication. Rectal temperature at return of righting reflex (RORR) was significantly, positively correlated with loss of righting reflex (LORR) duration and significantly, negatively correlated with blood ethanol concentration (BEC) at RORR at all three doses. These results indicate that increasing body temperature during intoxication increased ethanol sensitivity in C57 mice at all three doses tested and demonstrate the generality of temperature dependence across hypnotic doses in these animals. Interestingly, the LORR duration was dose-dependent at each ambient temperature, but the degree of body temperature change and the BEC at RORR were not dose-dependent. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of body temperature as a variable in ethanol research.
Neurotoxicity due to barracuda ingestion

The clinical and laboratory findings in a severe form of ichthyosarcotoxism, or fish flesh poisoning, are presented. This disorder, not previously described in the pediatric literature, is characterized by pronounced neurotoxic manifestations, especially of the sensory system. The majority of cases are mild, but in the severe intoxications recovery is slow and symptoms may persist for many years.
The diagnosis and treatment of anger in a cross-cultural context

This article proposes that while violent behavior has received much attention, the emotion of anger that may underlay violence, has relatively been ignored in the psychological literature. The status of anger in the psychological and medical literatures is reviewed. A criteria for a proposal of anger disorder for inclusion in DSM are presented. Psychotherapy outcome studies of anger are briefly reviewed. It is proposed that the primary problem in psychotherapy of anger is a failure to reach a therapeutic alliance with clients in order to change their anger. Suggestions for reaching a therapeutic alliance with angry clients and attaining agreement on the explicit goal of changing their anger are presented. Script theories of emotions are presented as an important tool for understanding the therapeutic alliance in different cultural groups. The creation of new scripts that are acceptable to the patients cultural group is presented as one strategy to formulate the therapeutic alliance.
Optimization of Geopolymer Properties by Coating of Fly-Ash Microparticles with Nanoclays

Geopolymer binders are aluminosilicate inorganic polymers with expanding applications as construction materials. For wider industrial use of these binders, limited controls of their rheological properties and short solidification time have to be improved. A surface modification of fly ash microcores allows for better control of the geo-concrete formation. Naturally occurring nanoclays, such as halloysite nanotubes and kaolin nanoplates are cheap and abundantly available materials allowing encapsulating alumosilicate microcores with simple and scalable layer-by-layer (LbL) nanocoating technique. An electrostatic attraction drives coating of anionic nanoclays onto fly ash particles providing a potential to controllably adjust properties of geopolymer composites. LbL technique was used to modify geopolymer through nanoarchitectural formation of composite shells on ash microcores. We describe mechanical and rheological enhancement of geopolymers produced from ash microparticles coated with tubule or platy nanoclays sandwiched with polycations, and its advantages for better concrete materials.
The application of extended permutation-inversion groups to internal rotation of a symmetric rotor top in a symmetric or asymmetric rotor molecule

Abstract By applying the concept of extended groups to the internal rotation problem in molecules with unequal halves, it has proved possible to construct a consistent formalism involving groups which correspond to very high, but finite multiples of the original Longuet-Higgins permutation-inversion group of the molecule. This formalism thus bridges the gap between the infinite extended groups used for linear molecules and the double groups used for molecules with two identical coaxial rotors. For the example of CF 3 NO considered explicitly in this paper, with permutation-inversion group isomorphic to C 3 v , the extended group is found to be isomorphic to C 3 m , v , where m is an integer obtained from the rational number p m which equals within experimental error the ratio ρ of top and molecule moments-of-inertia frequently introduced in discussions of the internal rotation problem. The extended group formalism can be used to rederive in an interesting fashion many results already well known from theoretical discussions in the earlier infrared and microwave literature, and shows promise for the treatment of as yet unsolved problems in molecules exhibiting internal rotation.
Pathways to Care: Narratives of American Indian Adolescents Entering Substance Abuse Treatment

Using data from 89 American Indian adolescents and guided by the Network Episode Model, this paper analyses pathways to residential substance abuse treatment and their correlates. These adolescents were recruited at admission to a tribally-operated substance abuse treatment program in the southern United States from October 1998 to May 2001. Results from the qualitative analyses of these adolescent's pathways to care narratives indicated that 35% ultimately agreed with the decision for their entry into treatment; 41% were Compelled to enter treatment by others, usually by their parents, parole officers, and judges; and 24% did not describe a clear pathway to care. In the multinomial logistic regression model examining correlates of these pathways to care classifications, adolescents who described pathways indicative of agreement also reported greater readiness for treatment than the adolescents who described compelled or no clear pathways to care. Adolescents who described a Compelled pathway were less likely to meet diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder and described fewer social network ties. We were unable to find a relationship between pathways classifications and referral source, suggesting these narratives were subjective constructions of pathways to care rather than a factual representation of this process. In the final logistic regression model examining correlates of treatment completion, articulating a pathway to care, whether it was one of agreement or of being compelled into treatment, predicted a greater likelihood of completing treatment. Overall, these narratives and their correlates are highly consistent with the Network-Episode Model's emphasis on the interaction of self, situation, and social network in shaping the treatment seeking process, demonstrating the applicability of this model to understanding the treatment seeking process in this special population and suggests important considerations for understanding the dynamics of service utilization across diverse communities.
The π Sign as an Indicator of Aberrant Origin of Obtuse Marginal Coronary Artery

Of 3,856 coronary angiographic studies performed by a single operator from December 2000 to March 2006, 24 (0.6%) had an aberrant origin of the obtuse marginal branch from the left anterior descending coronary artery (n = 20, 84%) or its diagonal branch (n = 2, 8%) or from the ramus intermedius coronary artery (n = 2, 8%) with an appearance mimicking the Greek letter π. Patients were 40 to 69 years old (54 ± 9), all were white, and 18 (75%) were men. Obstructive coronary artery disease was present in 13 (54%) and involved the aberrant obtuse marginal branch in 4 (17%). No specific pattern of symptoms, clinical presentation, or electrocardiographic finding could be attributed directly to this coronary anomaly. In conclusion, we have described a previously unreported coronary anomaly. Potential implications of this type coronary anomaly are (1) an angiographic appearance of a missing branch of the left circumflex coronary artery and (2) extensive anteroseptal, apical, and posterolateral ischemia due to proximal left anterior descending coronary artery obstruction.
Prostate cancer: Cardiovascular mortality and androgen deprivation

Every treatment has unintended adverse effects, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer is no exception. A flurry of reports has implicated ADT in increasing cardiovascular risk and mortality. In this regard, the 2009 study by Efstathiou and colleagues is a notable exception.
Towards a Hybrid Dynamic Logic for Hybrid Dynamic Systems

We introduce a hybrid variant of a dynamic logic with continuous state transitions along differential equations, and we present a sequent calculus for this extended hybrid dynamic logic. With the addition of satisfaction operators, this hybrid logic provides improved system introspection by referring to properties of states during system evolution. In addition to this, our calculus introduces state-based reasoning as a paradigm for delaying expansion of transitions using nominals as symbolic state labels. With these extensions, our hybrid dynamic logic advances the capabilities for compositional reasoning about (semialgebraic) hybrid dynamic systems. Moreover, the constructive reasoning support for goal-oriented analytic verification of hybrid dynamic systems carries over from the base calculus to our extended calculus.
Numerical evaluation of a class of singular double integrals by symmetric pairing

Two quadrature rules based on nodes in a rhombus are used to evaluate integrals over a square with integrands which are singular on a diagonal. The rules are also compared for non-singular integrals with an equivalent product Gauss rule.
Stool DNA testing for cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease: an early view:

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite weak supporting evidence, important logistic barriers and high cost, colonoscopy is currently the only recommended approach to CRC surveillance in patients with IBD. As such, there is imperative to explore alternative or complementary strategies with potential to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of surveillance in IBD. Given our increasing understanding of tumorigenesis in IBD and the accompanying cascade of molecular alterations, there is a strong rationale to pursue biomarker assays for this application. Stool-based DNA testing with advanced technology has been shown to be highly discriminatory for detection of sporadic colorectal cancer and advanced precancers. In early observations, stool DNA testing also shows promise for the accurate detection of IBD-associated colorectal neoplasms. These findings raise important clinical and translational questions about how to best evaluate and develop this technology, and devise clinical algorithms that will complement colonoscopy to improve patient outcomes.
Freight transportation demand: A survey of recent econometric studies

This paper surveys econometric studies of freight transportation demand which have been published since the mid-1970s. It describes the variables, data sources, and estimation procedures utilized by the studies. In addition, it summarizes their statistical results. The studies included in this survey typically accounted for freight rates and service characteristics (e.g., transit time and reliability). Data sources often varied across the studies.
Prospective evaluation of indeterminate ERCP findings by intraductal ultrasound.

Background and Aim: Although the role of intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) in the evaluation of specific disease entities is well known, its utility in evaluating indeterminate findings in a heterogeneous group of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is unknown. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of IDUS in patients with indeterminate findings at ERCP. Methods: This was a prospective study of all patients who underwent IDUS for evaluation of an indeterminate biliary stricture or main pancreatic duct (MPD) dilation noted at ERCP over an 8-month period. The accuracy of IDUS was established based on long-term follow-up, surgery, or further investigations. Results: Twenty-nine (5%) of 600 patients who underwent ERCP had an indeterminate finding that warranted further evaluation by IDUS: this was biliary stricture in 19 patients and MPD dilation in 10. Technical success was 100%. Mean duration of follow-up was 435 days (range 192–614 days). In patients with biliary stricture, IDUS diagnosed 11 as benign and eight as malignant. In patients with MPD dilation, IDUS diagnosed intraductal papillary mucinous tumor in six patients and chronic pancreatitis in four. Findings on IDUS supported the correct diagnosis in 27 of 29 patients (93%). In two patients with dominant hilar stricture in the setting of primary sclerosing cholangitis, IDUS was false positive in one and false negative in the other. One patient died of multiorgan failure due to post-ERCP pancreatitis. Conclusions: A technically easy procedure, IDUS offers unique advantages in the evaluation of patients with indeterminate findings at ERCP.
Novel Tool for Complete Digitization of Paper Electrocardiography Data

Objective: We present a Matlab-based tool to convert electrocardiography (ECG) information from paper charts into digital ECG signals. The tool can be used for long-term retrospective studies of cardiac patients to study the evolving features with prognostic value. Methods and procedures: To perform the conversion, we: 1) detect the graphical grid on ECG charts using grayscale thresholding; 2) digitize the ECG signal based on its contour using a column-wise pixel scan; and 3) use template-based optical character recognition to extract patient demographic information from the paper ECG in order to interface the data with the patients' medical record. To validate the digitization technique: 1) correlation between the digital signals and signals digitized from paper ECG are performed and 2) clinically significant ECG parameters are measured and compared from both the paper-based ECG signals and the digitized ECG. Results: The validation demonstrates a correlation value of 0.85-0.9 between the digital ECG signal and the signal digitized from the paper ECG. There is a high correlation in the clinical parameters between the ECG information from the paper charts and digitized signal, with intra-observer and inter-observer correlations of 0.8-0.9 (p <; 0.05), and kappa statistics ranging from 0.85 (inter-observer) to 1.00 (intra-observer). Conclusion: The important features of the ECG signal, especially the QRST complex and the associated intervals, are preserved by obtaining the contour from the paper ECG. The differences between the measures of clinically important features extracted from the original signal and the reconstructed signal are insignificant, thus highlighting the accuracy of this technique. Clinical impact: Using this type of ECG digitization tool to carry out retrospective studies on large databases, which rely on paper ECG records, studies of emerging ECG features can be performed. In addition, this tool can be used to potentially integrate digitized ECG information with digital ECG analysis programs and with the patient's electronic medical record.
Ischemia-Induced Peripheral Arterial Vasospasm Role of α1- and α2-Adrenoceptors

Abstract Ischemia produces functional and structural alterations in peripheral blood vessels. Our study was designed to investigate α-adrenoceptor modifications induced by prolonged ischemia and their role in enhancing the contractile response during reperfusion in canine femoral arteries. Unilateral vessel ischemia was created by double crossclamping a femoral artery and was maintained for 3 hr. Reperfusion was allowed for 1 hr. The contralateral femoral artery was utilized as a control. The vessels were harvested for contractile and binding studies. Isometric tension studies revealed that the magnitude of the maximum contractile response to norepinephrine (NE), potassium chloride (KCl), and methoxamine was 671 ± 82 mg/mm2versus 245 ± 43 mg/mm2(P
Simulation Support of a 17.5 percent Scale F/A-18E/F Remotely Piloted Vehicle,

Abstract : As defense budgets continue to shrink, cost-effective methods for the accurate and timely acquisition of aerodynamic data must be developed. Traditionally, wind tunnels have fulfilled this role at both the conceptual and developmental stages, as well as, throughout the service life of an aircraft. However, although wind tunnels are a trusted and valuable data source that provide consistent, repeatable data upon which to construct aerodynamic models, they also have inherent limitations such as blockage effects, wall and sting interference, and flow variations. Because of these constraints and due to the elevated angles-of-attack and sideslip that modern fighter aircraft are capable of, wind tunnels can be limited in their ability to cover an entire flight envelope. Another problem with the construction of aerodynamic models using wind tunnel data is the discontinuities that arise from the fundamental requirement for multiple -- and usually dissimilar -- data sources to construct a full-envelope model (rotary balance data combined with low-speed forced oscillation data; low-speed static data appended with supersonic data; and so on). A final problem that plagues wind tunnel testing, a problem that is likely to worsen given the recent closure of some facilities (e.g., NASA Langley's 3Ox6O tunnel), is the often limited availability of the resource; one wind tunnel facility can typically support many different platforms and programs, both civilian and military, and all of these must compete with one another for facility time.
Gangliosides activate Trk receptors by inducing the release of neurotrophins

We used NIH-3T3 fibroblasts expressing the different Trk receptors to examine whether GM1 ganglioside and its semisynthetic derivative LIGA20 activate various neurotrophin receptors. GM1 elicited a rapid activation of TrkC and TrkA, but not TrkB, tyrosine phosphorylation. In contrast, LIGA20 activated TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation only. These data suggest that gangliosides may act as ligands for specific Trk receptors similar to the neurotrophins. To test this hypothesis, we performed Scatchard analysis to determine if GM1 binds to the TrkC receptor. GM1 failed to displace neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) binding suggesting that gangliosides are not ligands for the Trk receptors. Moreover, GM1 did not activate a TNF/Trk chimeric receptor. We next determined whether gangliosides induce the release of neurotrophins. NIH-3T3 cells and cerebellar granule neurons were exposed to GM1 or LIGA20 for 5 min and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NT-3 measured in the medium. GM1 induced a significant increase in the amount of NT-3, but not BDNF. In contrast, LIGA20 increased the secretion of BDNF, suggesting that gangliosides differentially affect the release of neurotrophins, which, in turn, activate Trk receptors. Therefore, Trk tyrosine phosphorylation was determined in the presence of Trk-IgG receptor bodies. TrkB-IgG, but not TrkC-IgG, inhibited LIGA20-mediated induction of TrkB tyrosine phosphorylation, while TrkC-IgG, but not TrkB-IgG, inhibited GM1-mediated activation of TrkC, further suggesting that gangliosides activate Trk receptors by inducing the release of endogenous neurotrophins.
Comparing technology education in the U.S. and U.K.

British and American discourses and experiences with respect to technology education are compared. Out of this comparison important issues are identified that have implications for the larger ongoing conversation on technology beyond these countries. They include the role of the state in establishing and validating the subject, the dual claims of technology literacy and technological capability, and dual curricular approaches — content and process.
Early and Intermediate Outcome After Anatomic Repair of Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries

Background Anatomic repair of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries has become a useful surgical strategy with potential advantages over conventional surgical repair. We describe early and intermediate outcomes after anatomic repair and analyze potential risk factors influencing these outcomes. Methods A retrospective review was performed on all patients undergoing anatomic repair between January 1993 and January 2009. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Variables potentially associated with outcome were identified a priori. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the association between these variables and all outcome measures. Results In 65 patients who underwent anatomic repair, 35 had Senning/arterial switch and 30 had Senning/Rastelli. Early and intermediate survival rates for Senning/arterial switch operations were 94% and 91%, respectively. Repairs were successful in patients with tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular outflow obstruction, and left ventricular dysfunction. Predictors of outcome were not identified in this subset. Early and intermediate survival rates for Senning/Rastelli operations were 77% and 60%, respectively. Longer aortic cross-clamp (p = 0.03) and cardiopulmonary bypass times (p = 0.01) were associated with mortality. Ventricular septal defect enlargement was associated with surgical heart block (p Conclusions Senning/arterial switch operations can be performed with excellent intermediate-term outcomes in patients with lesions previously thought to confer higher risk. Candidates for Senning/Rastelli procedures may be at increased risk for postoperative morbidity and mortality. More data are necessary to determine factors influencing outcome after anatomic repair.
A paleoslope model of late Albian to early Turonian foraminifera of the western Atlantic Margin and North Atlantic basin

Abstract A paleoslope model of Albian to Turonian benthic foraminifera reveals seven successive biofacies which are associated with increasing paleodepth. The paleoslope model indicates that the biofacies occupied inner neritic to abyssal environments of deposition (10 m to > 3500 m water depth). Biofacies 1 and 2 characterize paleodepths of less than 60 m. The biofacies contain abundant species of Epistomina and Gavelinella and exhibit a rapid stratigraphic alternation in response to local sea level change, which considerably aids in the identification of depositional sequences. Species of Globorotalites, Eggerellina and Neobulimina characterize biofacies 3 which principally occurs between 60 m and 130 m paleodepth. Biofacies 3 is the only biofacies to occur in both the New Jersey coastal plain and the Baltimore Canyon Trough. Biofacies 4 is composed of species of Gavelinella, Gyroidinoides and Valvulineria and is abundant in outer neritic to middle bathyal paleodepths of 130 m to 600 m. It is largely replaced by biofacies 5 during times of maximum flooding during sea level rise. A diverse assemblage of species of Lingulogavelinella and Lenticulina characterize biofacies 5. Paleodepths of 600 m to greater than 3500 m contain abundant species of Osangularia, Pleurostomella, Praebulimina, Pseudopatellinella and Quadrimorphina which define biofacies 6 and 7. In addition, four biofacies of much more limited distribution are recognized. Biofacies 1 ★ characterizes shallow-water, open marine paleoenvironments of the North Atlantic and is composed of spirillinids and species of Epistomina . Turonian dysaerobic environments are indicated by biofacies DSA and DSB which are composed mostly of agglutinated species. Dysaerobic environments expanded rapidly from middle bathyal to outer neritic depths in the early Turonian on the western Atlantic Margin. Biofacies DAA represents disturbed benthic environments and is dominated by species of Psammosphaera and Reophax . Biostratigraphy and species composition of the studied biofacies are similar to previously described European and South Atlantic assemblages. Major speciation events occur among the genera Gavelinella, Lingulogavelinella and Valvulineria . Well defined neritic and bathyal biofacies formed during a rapid late Albian species diversification concomitant with the first major Cretaceous flooding of continental margins.
Brief communication: Hexamethylmelamine in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and liver

Ten patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas were treated with hexamethylmelamine 8 mg/kg/day in oral, divided doses. One of the five patients with measurable disease had a partial response which lasted 5 months. One of the five patients with no measurable disease treated for 52 months with hexamethylmelamine survived a total of 59 months. This experience suggests that hexamethylmelamine may be an active drug in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
The effect of word categorizability on recall by preschoolers and young school children

Preschoolers and children in Grades K and 1 were given five study-recall trials with either categorizable blocked, categorizable unblocked, or uncategorizable word lists. A significant triple interaction reflected a list type effect that occurred only for the school children, and then only on later trials. The preschoolers showed no effect of categorizability, whereas the school children’s recall on the final three trials was higher in the categorizable blocked than in the remaining conditions.
Rapid, novel, specific, high-throughput assay for diagnosis of Loa loa infection.

The ability to diagnose Loa loa infection readily and accurately remains a demanding task. Among the available diagnostic methods, many are impractical for point-of-care field testing. To investigate whether luciferase immunoprecipitation systems (LIPS) can be used for rapid and specific diagnosis of L. loa infection, a LIPS assay was developed based on immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 subclass antibodies to a recombinant L. loa SXP-1 (designated LlSXP-1) antigen and tested with sera from healthy controls or patients with proven infection with L. loa, Mansonella perstans, Onchocerca volvulus, Strongyloides stercoralis ,o rWuchereria bancrofti. A LIPS test measuring IgG antibody against LlSXP-1 readily differentiated L. loa-infected from uninfected patients and demonstrated markedly improved sensitivity and specificity compared with an LlSXP-1 IgG4-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (67% sensitivity and 99% specificity). No significant immunoreactivity was observed with S. stercoralisinfected sera, but a small number of patients infected with O. volvulus, M. perstans ,o rW. bancrofti showed positive immunoreactivity. Measuring anti-IgG4-specific antibodies to LlSXP-1 showed a significant correlation (r 0.85; P < 0.00001) with the anti-IgG results but showed no advantage over measuring the total IgG response alone. In contrast, a rapid LIPS format (called QLIPS) in which the tests are performed in less than 15 minutes under nonequilibrium conditions significantly improved the specificity for cross-reactive O. volvulus patient sera (100% sensitivity and 100% specificity). These results suggest that LIPS (and the even more rapid test QLIPS) represents a major advance in the ability to diagnose L. loa infection and may have future applications for point-of-care diagnostics.
ISOCYANIDE-METAL COMPLEXES. V. OCTAHEDRAL METAL CARBONYL COMPLEXES OF THE OPTICALLY PURE ENANTIOMERS OF α-METHYLBENZYLISOCYANIDE1

Abstract Octahedral metal complexes of the types LMo(CO)5, cis-L2 M(CO)4, and fac-L3 M(CO)3 (M = Cr, Mo, and W) containing the optically pure enantiomers of α-methylbenzylisocyanide (L) as ligand have been prepared by conventional methods. The specific [α] 2D5 and molar [⊘]25 rotations of the resulting optically active metal carbonyl complexes have been measured. The molar rotations [⊘] 25D of the LMo(CO)5 (+58°) and cis-L2 M(CO)4 (± 118–126°) complexes increase incrementally with the number of optically active ligands (L) in the complex. The fac-L3M(CO)3 complexes do not exhibit a regular incremental increase in their molar rotation (± 148–163°) when compared with the other complexes in the series.
Automating component-based system assembly

One of the major challenges in the development of large component-based software systems is the system assembly problem: from a sea of available components, which should be selected and how should they be connected, integrated, and assembled so that the overall system requirements are satisfied? We present a powerful framework for automatically solving the system assembly problem directly from system requirements. Our framework includes an expressive language for declaratively describing system-level requirements, including component interfaces and dependencies, resource requirements, safety properties, objective functions, and various types of constraints. We show how to automatically solve system assembly problems using verification technology that takes advantage of current advances in Boolean satisfiability methods. We have implemented our techniques in the CoBaSA tool (Component-Based System Assembly), and we have successfully applied it to several large-scale industrial examples.
Studies on the Role of Metabolic Activation in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Dependent Hepatotoxicity: Induction of CYP3A4 Enhances the Cytotoxicity of Lapatinib in HepaRG Cells

Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity has been associated with the oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, which is used in metastatic breast cancer therapy. Lapatinib is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4/5 to yield an O-debenzylated metabolite, which can undergo further oxidation to a reactive quinone imine. A recent clinical study reported that concomitant use of lapatinib with dexamethasone increased the incidence of hepatotoxicity in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with lapatinib, and so we hypothesized that induction of CYP3A enhances the bioactivation of lapatinib to reactive intermediates that contribute to hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we examined the effect of CYP3A4 induction on the cytotoxicity and metabolism of lapatinib in the HepaRG human hepatic cell line. Differentiated HepaRG cells were pretreated with dexamethasone (100 μM) or the prototypical CYP3A4 inducer rifampicin (4 μM) for 72 hours, followed by incubation with lapatinib (0–100 μM) for 24 hours. Cell viability was monitored using WST-1 assays, and metabolites were quantified by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Induction of CYP3A4 by dexamethasone or rifampicin enhanced lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity, compared with treatment with lapatinib alone. A direct comparison of the cytotoxicity of lapatinib versus O-debenzylated lapatinib demonstrated that the O-debenzylated metabolite was significantly more cytotoxic than lapatinib itself. Furthermore, pretreatment with 25 μM l-buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular glutathione markedly enhanced lapatinib cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was correlated with increased formation of O-debenzylated lapatinib and cysteine adducts of the putative quinone imine intermediate. Collectively, these data suggest that CYP3A4 induction potentiates lapatinib-induced hepatotoxicity via increased reactive metabolite formation.
Void nucleation and growth contributions to the critical current density for failure of Cu vias

We investigate the critical current density for electromigration failure, j c , as a function of voiding failure mode for Cu dual damascene vias. We demonstrate experimentally the variation of (jL) product with via failure mode showing that it is not possible to characterize vias by a single (jL). We suggest that, in general, j c for failure is determined by the sum of void nucleation and growth components, and we present a model for j c based on these concepts.
Reducing Signaling cost with Simplifed mSCTP In Fast Mobile IPv6

As improvement of wireless and mobile technologies such as FMIPv6 and mSCTP, mobile devices such as laptops and PDAs are widely used. We investigate existing Mobile IPv6 scheme such as FMIPv6 in network layer and mSCTP in transport layer and find that both of them have some defects for signaling cost in mobile IPv6 environment. So, we we make a potential change to mSCTP - combine add-IP message with set primary-IP message, and propose simplified mSCTP to further improve the mobility and to reduce signaling cost of multihoming mobile devices. The analysis result is provided showing how signaling cost in mobile IPv6 Networks could benefit from this approach.
Molecular Evolution in Drosophila and the Higher Diptera II. A Time Scale for Fly Evolution

In this paper, we examine first the steadiness of the rate of evolutionary change in a larval hemolymph protein, LHP, in numerousDrosophila species. We estimated amino acid sequence divergence from immunological distances measured with the quantitative microcomplement fixation technique. Using tests not depending on knowledge of absolute times of divergence, we estimated the variance of the rate of evolutionary change to be at least 4 times as large as that for a process resembling radioactive decay. Thus, the rate of evolution of this protein is as uniform as that of vertebrate proteins. Our analysis indicates no acceleration of protein evolution in the lineages leading to Hawaiian drosophilines. Second, we give an explicit description of a procedure for calculating the absolute value of the mean rate of evolutionary change in this protein. This procedure is suggested for general use in calculating absolute rates of molecular evolution. The mean rate of evolution of LHP is about 1.2 immunological distance units per million years, which probably coreesponds to a unit evolutionary period of 4 million years; LHP thus evolves at a rate comparable to that of mammalian hemoglobins. Finally, we utilize the calibrated rate of LHP evolution to derive a time scale of evolution in the Drosophilidae and higher Diptera.
Inhomogeneities and coercivity of soft Permalloy thin films

Coercivity mechanisms in thin 1000-AA Permalloy films due to inhomogeneous distributions of in-plane uniaxial anisotropy are investigated numerically, utilizing a two-dimensional domain wall model. The distribution of anisotropy could be attributed to the polycrystalline grain structure of thin films, as well as magnetostrictive stress. Typical anisotropy orientation dispersion induced by polycrystalline grains does not appear to account for the wall coercive force observed in soft Permalloy films. Other mechanisms, such as stress-induced anisotropy, may be dominant. >