cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE POSTCRANIAL SKELETON OF EARLY EOCENE RODENTS

Abstract We describe and analyze the postcranial skeleton of Wasatchian rodents based on more than 30 new skeletal associations representing at least four genera and six species, all but one species attributed to Paramyidae. The limb skeleton of Wasatchian paramyids is relatively homogeneous across species and similar to that of extant sciurids. It shows a combination of arboreal and terrestrial features, often manifested in the same element, although in general the forelimb displays more arboreal features, whereas the hind limb is dominated by terrestrial traits. The skeletal anatomy of Wasatchian paramyids suggests that they were similar in locomotor behavior and habitat preference to the most generalized present-day squirrels, being more arboreal than Spermophilus and more terrestrial than Sciurus. They were probably equally adept on the ground and in the trees. In view of their antiquity and relatively basal position among Rodentia, Wasatchian paramyids provide important information on morphotypic con...
On the Premature Death of Need-Satisfaction Models: An Investigation of Salancik and Pfeffer's Views on Priming and Consistency Artifacts

Employing a laboratory experiment research strategy and data from 165 subjects, this study assessed the operation of priming and consistency artifacts in need-satisfaction-model based research. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions, each of which corresponded to a different ordering of various activities (e.g., performance of a task, measurement of job characteristics, growth need strength, and job satisfaction). Within-condition means, covariances, and reliability estimates were used to test for order of activity based priming, consistency, and reliability artifacts. Results of multivariate and univariate analyses showed that the experimental treatments had (a) negligible effects on the mean values of measured variables, (b) no effect on correlations between variables, and (c) marked effects on the reliability of measured variables. Implications of these findings are presented.
Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis and Meningitis

Brief History of the Present Illness A 6-day-old female with septic shock was admitted to the hospital in the fall. Two days before admission, she had developed a macular rash on her face and extremities that was attributed to a normal newborn rash. She also had difficulty with breastfeeding, and her mother started formula supplementation upon suggestion by her pediatrician. Over the next 48 hours, the baby became lethargic and the rash became generalized. The patient returned to the pediatrician’s office, and the physician noted that she was listless, her oxygen saturation was 48% in room air, and she had a heart rate of 72 beats per minute. An arterial blood gas analysis showed a pH of 7.08 and a pCO2 of 96 with a base deficit of −1. The patient was apneic with occasional periodic breathing and seizure-like activity. She was intubated, volume-resuscitated with 8 mL/kg normal saline as well a continuous infusion of D10W at 4 mL/kg per hour. She was given ampicillin, gentamicin, and phenobarbital. She was then transferred to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.
Federalism and the Politics of Old-Age Care in Germany and the United States

Until the early 1990s, Germany and the United States had similar systems of long-term care. At that time, Germany created a new social insurance program, whereas American reform efforts stalled. As conventional explanations of social policies—rooted in objective conditions, policy legacies, interest group mobilization, and party politics—fail to explain the diverging trajectories, the authors show how differing federal structures shaped reform efforts. German federalism gives states a strong voice and encourages collective responses to fiscal problems, enabling comprehensive restructuring of long-term care financing. In the United States, states lack a political mechanism to compel federal policy makers to tackle this subject. This analysis suggests reform of social welfare issues with weakly mobilized publics is unlikely without proxy actors that have institutional or political means to forcibly gain the attention of policy makers. In addition, scholars should pay more attention to “varieties of federali...
The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas: An Economic Analysis

Indentured servitude appeared in Virginia by 1620. Initially a device used to transport European workers to the New World, over time servitude dwindled as black slavery grew in importance in the British colonies. Indentured servitude reappeared in the Americas in the mid-nineteenth century as a means of transporting Asians to the Caribbean sugar islands and South America following the abolition of slavery. Servitude then remained in legal use until its abolition in 1917. This paper provides an economic analysis of the innovation of indentured servitude, describes the economic forces that caused its decline and disappearance from the British colonies, and considers why indentured servitude was revived for migration to the West Indies during the time of the great free migration of Europeans to the Americas.
Remotely Triggered Seismicity on the United States West Coast following the Mw 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake

The Mw 7.9 Denali fault earthquake in central Alaska of 3 November 2002 triggered earthquakes across western North America at epicentral distances of up to at least 3660 km. We describe the spatial and temporal development of triggered activity in California and the Pacific Northwest, focusing on Mount Rainier, the Geysers geothermal field, the Long Valley caldera, and the Coso geothermal field. The onset of triggered seismicity at each of these areas began during the Love and Raleigh waves of the Mw 7.9 wave train, which had dominant periods of 15 to 40 sec, indicating that earthquakes were triggered locally by dynamic stress changes due to low-frequency surface wave arrivals. Swarms during the wave train continued for 4 min (Mount Rainier) to 40 min (the Geysers) after the surface wave arrivals and were characterized by spasmodic bursts of small (M 2.5) earthquakes. Dy- namic stresses within the surface wave train at the time of the first triggered earth- quakes ranged from 0.01 MPa (Coso) to 0.09 MPa (Mount Rainier). In addition to the swarms that began during the surface wave arrivals, Long Valley caldera and Mount Rainier experienced unusually large seismic swarms hours to days after the Denali fault earthquake. These swarms seem to represent a delayed response to the Denali fault earthquake. The occurrence of spatially and temporally distinct swarms of triggered seismicity at the same site suggests that earthquakes may be triggered by more than one physical process.
Performance Analysis of Distributed Detection in a Random Sensor Field

For a wireless sensor network (WSN) with randomly deployed sensors, the performance of the counting rule, where the fusion center employs the total number of detections reported by local sensors for hypothesis testing, is investigated. It is assumed that the signal power decays as a function of the distance from the target. For both the case where the total number of sensors is known and the wireless channels are lossless, and the case where the number of sensors is random and the wireless channels have nonnegligible error rates, the exact system level probability of detection is derived analytically. Some approximation methods are also proposed to attain an accurate estimate of the probability of detection, while at the same time to reduce the computation load significantly. To obtain a better system level detection performance, the local sensor level decision threshold is determined such that it maximizes the system level deflection coefficient.
Ascending price Vickrey auctions

Abstract We show that an ascending price auction for multiple units of a homogeneous object proposed by Ausubel (i) raises prices for packages until they reach those nonlinear and non-anonymous market clearing prices at which bidders get their marginal products and (ii) the auction is a primal–dual algorithm applied to an appropriate linear programming formulation in which the dual solution yields those same market clearing prices. We emphasize the similarities with efficient incentive compatible ascending price auctions to implement Vickrey payments when there is a single object or when objects are heterogeneous but each buyer does not desire more than one unit. A potential benefit of these common threads is that it helps to establish the principles upon which Vickrey payments may be implemented through decentralized, incentive compatible procedures.
Participation, job satisfaction and decentralization: The case of Swaziland

Using Swaziland's Ministry of Health as a case study this paper assesses the extent to which the empirical data supports anecdotal information and trends towards decentralized and participatory management systems. Specifically, this study measures the level of participation in decision making and assesses its impact on job satisfaction, measures the level of and analyses differences in job satisfaction by job classification, and identifies and analyses the determinants of employee job satisfaction. Data were obtained from a survey questionnaire which was constructed and administered to 447 employees of the Ministry of Health, a 42 per cent sample, at fifteen representative locations throughout the country. Simple descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques are used to analyse the data. From the analysis, policy implications are developed for designing administrative structures and systems that respond to emerging ‘quality of worklife’ needs, strengthening productivity, and improving the quality of services provided.
Genesis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), How Treatment of MRSA Infections Has Selected for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium, and the Importance of Antibiotic Management and Infection Control

We extensively studied the epidemiology and time course of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the Millard Fillmore Hospital, a 600-bed teaching hospital in Buffalo. The changeover from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to MRSA begins on the first hospital day, when patients are given cefazolin as presurgical prophylaxis. Under selective antibiotic pressure, colonizing flora change within 24 to 48 hours. For patients remaining hospitalized, subsequent courses of third-generation cephalosporins further select and amplify the colonizing MRSA population. Therefore, managing antibiotic selective pressure might be essential. Other strategies include attention to dosing, so that serum concentrations of drug exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration, and antibiotic cycling. Although there are some promising new antibiotics on the horizon, it is necessary to deal with many resistance patterns by using the combined strategies of infection control and antibiotic management.
Nivicolous myxomycetes from alpine areas of south-eastern Australia

Nivicolous myxomycetes were collected from alpine areas of south-eastern Australia during the period of middle to late October 2004. Most collections came from the high-elevation area around Mount Kosciuszko, the highest peak on the continent at 2228 m, in the Snowy Mountains of New South Wales, and additional collections were obtained from two areas, Mount Buller and Mount Hotham, in the Victorian Alps of northern Victoria. Approximately 300 collections were obtained during a period of 2 weeks, including species such as Diderma alpinum, Didymium dubium, Lamproderma ovoideum, Physarum albescens and P. alpinum, not previously known to occur in mainland Australia. Lamproderma maculatum and L. zonatum were collected for the first time in the southern hemisphere, and another species of Lamproderma was described as new to science in a previous paper. In contrast to most other areas of the world where nivicolous myxomycetes have been studied, species of Diderma have been represented poorly among the collections from Australia.
Fast barriers for scalable ccNUMA systems

The contributions of this paper are threefold. First, we identify and quantify the performance deficiencies of conventional barrier implementations when they are executed on real (non-idealized) hardware. Second, we propose a queue-based barrier algorithm that has effectively O(1) time complexity as measured in round trip message latencies. Third, we demonstrate how matching the barrier implementation to the way that modern shared memory systems operate can improve performance dramatically by exploiting a hardware write-update (PUT) mechanism for signaling. The resulting barrier algorithm only costs one serialized round trip message latency to perform a barrier operation across N processors. Using a cycle-accurate execution-driven simulator of a future-generation SGI multiprocessor, we show that with no special hardware support our queue-based barrier outperforms OpenMP's LL/SC-based barrier implementation by a factor of 7.9 on 256 processors. With hardware that supports a coherent PUT operation, our queue-based barrier outperforms OpenMP barriers by a factor of 94 and outperforms barriers based on SGI's memory controller-based atomic operations by a factor of 6.5 on 256 processors.
Impact Damage Visualization of Heterogeneous Two-layer Materials Subjected to Low-speed Impact

A systematic experimental investigation of the generation and subsequent evolution of impact damage in heterogeneous two-layer materials is presented. Model layered specimens involving a compliant polymer layer bonded with a metal layer were designed and subjected to impact loading to simulate failure mechanisms in real time. High-speed photography and dynamic photoelasticity were utilized to visualize the nature and sequence of dynamic failure modes. A series of complex failure modes was documented. Interlayer crack growth (inter- facial delamination) is the dominant dynamic failure mode. These cracks appear to be shear dominated and might proceed with intersonic speeds. Intralayer crack- ing always occurs in a local Mode I crack inside the weak layer. Both impact speed and interfacial bonding strength have significant influence on the impact failure. High-impact loading leads to high interlayer crack speeds. Specimens featuring ductile and weak bonds subjected to high-impact speeds are shown to feature intersonic cracks with clearly visible shear shock wave (Mach lines) emitted from the crack tips.
Micromachined Energy-Harvester Stack With Enhanced Electromagnetic Induction Through Vertical Integration of Magnets

This paper presents a stacked microfabricated power generator that vertically integrates multiple magnets on silicon wafers in a batch process to enhance electromagnetic induction multiple times. The power output is increased by increasing the magnetic flux change for each power-generator unit in the stack, in addition to the increase due to increased number of units. A stack consisting of two arrays of four power-generator units is fabricated and characterized. Wax-bonded Nd–Fe–B powders are embedded in the silicon wafer and magnetized as an integrated micromagnet, which serves as a proof mass suspended by a parylene diaphragm. Dual-layer coils are isolated by a parylene layer, connected via a hole and fabricated with electroplating copper on the same wafer. Experimental results show an improvement by about a factor of four on the power output from the same coils when two power-generator arrays are stacked vertically. In particular, an array of four microfabricated power generators occupying a volume of $51 \times 11 \times 0.4$ mm $^{\mathrm {3}}$ in the stack produces an induced electromotive force of 1.02 mV with 0.55 nW power output when it is vibrated at 400 Hz with vibration amplitude of $10~\mu $ m. [2014-0029]
Passivity-based target manipulation inside a deformable object by a robotic system with noncollocated feedback

Target manipulation inside a deformable object by a robotic system is necessary in many medical and industrial applications. However, this is a challenging problem because of the difficulty of imposing the motion of the internal target point by a finite number actuation points located at the boundary of the deformable object. In this work, an optimal contact formulation and a control action are presented, in which a deformable object is externally manipulated with multiple robotic fingers such that an internal target point is positioned to a desired location. First, we formulate an optimization technique that minimizes the total force applied to the object to determine the location of actuation points to affect the desired motion. Then, a passivity-based control approach, based on energy monitoring and dissipation, is developed to improve stability of the whole system. The simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Menarcheal age and spontaneous abortion: Further evidence for a connection

This paper examines the association between menarcheal age and risk of spontaneous abortion with a data set collected in Limon, Costa Rica. The Limonense sample differs from those previously reported in terms of age, socioeconomic and ethnic background. Thus, the sample is excellent to test whether menarcheal age and risk of miscarriage are associated in a nonindustrialized group as they appear to be in industrialized samples. Females who experienced one or more miscarriages have a significantly earlier age at first menses than those who did not. The results also indicate that a possible reason for this association is that early maturers tend to experience first pregnancy at an earlier age than do late maturers.
Intratemporal facial nerve injuries.

A summary of the results of operative intervention for intratemporal facial nerve injuries in 81 cases is given. Causes, preoperative assessment, and operative techniques are discussed. The necessity for a variation in surgical approaches is stressed, depending on location of injury and associated neurologic findings.
Covert Communications in Wideband OFDMA Primary Networks

Protecting and hiding the transmission of information over wireless channels at the physical layer level is of great importance in several applications. An Ad-Hoc covert network (ACN) is a set of users that exchange information over a wireless channel with a low probability of being detected by an intercept receiver. The ACN achieves a low probability of detection by hiding its transmission within noise or by exploiting the RF spectrum of other man-made transmissions. OFDM-based wireless systems, like LTE, are very well known for their ability to adapt and overcome channel variations and interference, which make them vulnerable to exploitation. In this paper, we consider an ACN that hides its transmission by frequency hopping in the RF spectrum of an OFDM- based wireless primary network (PN). To minimize the interference on the PN and increase the performance of the ACN, we first employ a spectrum sensing method that takes advantage of the OFDM nature of the PN to identify unused subcarriers. We proceed by deriving the optimum ACN power allocation algorithm that maximizes its throughput, and satisfies interference constraints on the OFDM PN. The solution will demonstrate that this optimum algorithm does not rely on the LPD requirements of the ACN. Finally, the possibility of the ACN to operate at a low probability of being detected by an intercept receiver is discussed.
Cytokeratin 17 is highly sensitive in discriminating cutaneous lymphadenoma (a distinct trichoblastoma variant) from basal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous lymphadenoma (CL) is rare neoplasm that clinically and histologically resembles basal cell carcinoma (BCC). CL, composed of dermal basaloid epithelial islands with prominent admixed lymphocytes, characteristically contains cytokeratin 20 (CK20)-positive Merkel cells (MCs). However, CK20 may be of limited use because of low MC density in small samples. CK17 is expressed diffusely throughout BCC. We investigated the discriminatory utility of CK17 and CK20 in CL and BCC. METHODS A retrospective clinicopathological review of 11 cases of CL and 14 BCC was performed. CK20-positive MCs within basaloid tumor lobules and CK17 immunohistochemical staining and pattern of expression were recorded. RESULTS Intratumoral CK20-positive MCs were identified in 4/11 CL cases (36.4%) and 0/14 BCC cases (p = 0.012, sensitivity = 0.36). CK17 showed diffuse positive staining in all 14 BCC cases. CK17 showed a distinct patchy and peripheral rim staining in basaloid islands of 10/11 CL cases (p < 0.001, sensitivity = 0.91); one case showed patchy staining throughout tumor lobules. CONCLUSIONS In cases with a differential diagnosis of CL and BCC, CK20 staining of intratumoral MCs has a high positive predictive value for CL but is of low sensitivity. The pattern of CK17 expression is a highly sensitive marker for distinguishing CL from BCC in small samples.
Charasomes are not essential for photosynthetic utilization of exogenous HCO3 − inChara corallina

Cells ofChara corallina grown under high CO2 culture conditions were able to utilize exogenous HCO3 − to give appreciable rates of net photosynthesis. Since these rates of photosynthesis could be detected within 10 min of being transferred from high-CO2 to normal HCO3 − (pH 8.2) culture conditions, it would appear that the HCO3 −-accumulating system ofChara is not fully repressed under these high CO2 culture conditions. The membrane potential of these cells also responded to light/dark treatments in a manner consistent with the operation of a HCO3 − acquisition system. With prolonged exposure (2–6 days) to CPW/B, net photosynthesis continued to increase towards the expected control rate and, in parallel, the electrical responses elicited by light/dark treatments converged towards those obtained on control (CPW/B-grown)Chara cells. Charasomes were absent in CPW/CO2-grownChara, but redeveloped in mature cells once the culture was returned to CPW/B conditions; a minimum period of 7 days in CPW/B was required before charasomes were detected in tissue examined in the transmission electron microscope. As the above-detailed physiological and electrophysiological features were observed with both axial and whorl cells ofChara in which charasomes were completely absent, we conclude that this specialized organelle is not an essential component for photosynthetic utilization of exogenous HCO3 − in this species.
Overview of the NASA Glenn Flux Reconstruction Based High-Order Unstructured Grid Code

A computational fluid dynamics code based on the flux reconstruction (FR) method is currently being developed at NASA Glenn Research Center to ultimately provide a large- eddy simulation capability that is both accurate and efficient for complex aeropropulsion flows. The FR approach offers a simple and efficient method that is easy to implement and accurate to an arbitrary order on common grid cell geometries. The governing compressible Navier-Stokes equations are discretized in time using various explicit Runge-Kutta schemes, with the default being the 3-stage/3rd-order strong stability preserving scheme. The code is written in modern Fortran (i.e., Fortran 2008) and parallelization is attained through MPI for execution on distributed-memory high-performance computing systems. An h- refinement study of the isentropic Euler vortex problem is able to empirically demonstrate the capability of the FR method to achieve super-accuracy for inviscid flows. Additionally, the code is applied to the Taylor-Green vortex problem, performing numerous implicit large-eddy simulations across a range of grid resolutions and solution orders. The solution found by a pseudo-spectral code is commonly used as a reference solution to this problem, and the FR code is able to reproduce this solution using approximately the same grid resolution. Finally, an examination of the code's performance demonstrates good parallel scaling, as well as an implementation of the FR method with a computational cost/degree- of-freedom/time-step that is essentially independent of the solution order of accuracy for structured geometries.
Geochemical Stability of Natural Zeolites

Zeolites are used in numerous agricultural, commercial, and environmental applications (e.g. as soil conditioners and fertilizers, and as adsorbents for ammonia, heavy metals, nuclear and organic wastes). It is important to understand their stability to insure their persistence and effectiveness in these applications. An analysis of the occurrence of natural zeolites provides basic data on conditions favorable for zeolite stability and formation. All such environments have neutral to alkaline waters and, with few exceptions, are associated with low-temperature (<300°C) alteration of highly reactive volcanic rocks containing natural glasses. The principal exceptions are certain deep sedimentary sequences, sometimes associated with petroleum maturation where volcanic ash falls are absent, and deep-sea sediments where biogenic opal may be the highly reactive phase. Since initial recognition of the zeolite facies in diagenetic alteration (Coombs et al. 1959), investigators have struggled to develop a quantitative basis for defining zeolite stability fields by development of both the thermodynamic relations and kinetic factors governing zeolite formation. An additional motivation for study in the United States and elsewhere is the occurrence (and use) of zeolites at potential sites for disposing of high-level radioactive waste in underground repositories. Regulatory requirements for a high-level radioactive waste repository, reflecting public concerns over the integrity of subsurface disposal facilities, require unprecedented quantitative predictions of the physical-chemical response of zeolites to heat generated during radioactive decay and to waste-rock interactions over a time period exceeding tens of thousands of years. In light of such requirements, investigators are taking a new look at the thermodynamic and kinetic factors affecting zeolitization. The geochemical conditions that result in zeolite formation have been outlined in numerous studies (e.g. Hay 1966, 1978; Iijima 1978, Surdam and Sheppard 1978, Sheppard and Hay, this volume; Hay and Sheppard, this volume). Aqueous silica activity, cation concentrations, and …
Mechanical properties prediction of 4D-inplain carbon/carbon composites based on homogenization method

The finite element method was combined with homogenization theory for predicting the macroscopic properties of 4D-inplane composites.The results can prove the effectiveness of the Homo FEM in predicting the modulus by comparing the results of present method with experiments values.By using the method,accurate stiffness property can be obtained and property prediction method can be provided for this material.
An Adaptive Sectional Compensation Design for WPSS Input Feedback Time Delay

Wide-area power system stabilizer(WPSS) is one of the most effective methods to damp inter-area low frequency oscillation in power system.Remote synchro-phasor data of phasor measurement unit(PMU) as feed back input of WPSS must be considered time delay of remote signal when applying it to real projects.In the long term,time delay in power network usually presents certain random distribution characteristics in certain range.However,as the remote signals usually take time to be transmit PMU data via the internet through a series of routers to a control center,a key step in wide-area damping controller design is time delay compensation.Especially when WPSS is implemented in a real project,a time delay compensator to deal with time-varying delay should be designed,as in a long term,the delay in power network is time-varying randomly.An adaptive sectional time delay compensator is designed.The time delay is divided into several intervals and time delay compensators are designed for each interval.Then the time delay compensator will adaptively select the appropriate interval compensator to use according to the time delay measured online,so that optimal compensation can be reached.The method for dividing the time delay and the rule of adaptively adjust of time delay compensator are also discussed.And the compensator is illustrated with a 2-area 4-machine power system.The numerical simulation results on different operation modes show the feasibility,effectiveness and robustness of the compensator.The real time digital system(RTDS) test results also show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.This method considers the variation of time delay in a long time,and is applicable in practical engineering.
Airframe Noise from a Hybrid Wing Body Aircraft Configuration

A high fidelity aeroacoustic test was conducted in the NASA Langley 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Tunnel to establish a detailed database of component noise for a 5.8% scale HWB aircraft configuration. The model has a modular design, which includes a drooped and a stowed wing leading edge, deflectable elevons, twin verticals, and a landing gear system with geometrically scaled wheel-wells. The model is mounted inverted in the test section and noise measurements are acquired at different streamwise stations from an overhead microphone phased array and from overhead and sideline microphones. Noise source distribution maps and component noise spectra are presented for airframe configurations representing two different approach flight conditions. Array measurements performed along the aircraft flyover line show the main landing gear to be the dominant contributor to the total airframe noise, followed by the nose gear, the inboard side-edges of the LE droop, the wing tip/LE droop outboard side-edges, and the side-edges of deployed elevons. Velocity dependence and flyover directivity are presented for the main noise components. Decorrelation effects from turbulence scattering on spectral levels measured with the microphone phased array are discussed. Finally, noise directivity maps obtained from the overhead and sideline microphone measurements for the landing gear system are provided for a broad range of observer locations.
Evaluation of the use of laser scanning to create key models for 3D printing separate from and augmenting visible light sensing

The illicit creation of 3D printed keys is problematic as it can allow intruders nearly undetectable access to secure facilities. Prior work has discussed how keys can be created using visible light sensing. This paper builds on this work by evaluating the utility of keys produced with laser scanning. The quality of the model produced using a structured laser scanning approach is compared to the quality of a model produced using a similarly robust visible light sensing approach.
Maya Deren: Leaping Across Frames and Framing Leaps

Maya Deren was one of a handful of female filmmakers in the modern era who transformed cinematography through the lens of dance. Motion from shot to shot in her films had a clear choreographic impulse that redefined the camera’s relation to moving bodies on film. She declared herself an Imagist, divorcing her work from more symbolic precedents. Space and time are disordered in her films to disturb the very basis of meaning. This juxtaposition of incongruent images multiplies meaning in a dreamscape fashion. Deren’s camerawork caresses the bodies and landscapes it touches on, allowing her camera lens to serve as a mechanism for the unconscious. Her films were truly cinedances or choreocinematic endeavors in which the dance and the camera collaborated as equal partners.
Interaction and Interdependency of Media Messages in Advertising: A Simulation Game for Students

The difficulty of communicating the interdependency and interaction between the various promotional media was the primary reason for developing a promotional computer simulation paper. The advantages and disadvantages of computer simulation games is outlined. A working program will be demonstrated.
Abstract 1801: Biological validation of a novel high-throughput irradiator for predictive radiation sensitivity bioassays

Purpose: To improve our ability to study radiation response and screen for radiosensitizing compounds, we have developed a high-throughput variable dose rate microirradiator. We sought to use several assays of radiation induced cellular damage to validate the ability of this system to be used for high-throughput assays. Methods: Immortalized human tonsillar epithelial cells were cultured in 96-well microtiter plates and irradiated in groups of eight wells to absorbed doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 Gy. Chloromethyl-H2DCFDA, a fluorescent reactive oxygen species (ROS) marker, was used to measure relative changes in ROS. Single cell gel electrophoresis (aka Comet assay, neutral) was used to detect physical DNA double-strand breaks. High-throughput immunofluorescent microscopy was used to detect γH2AX foci, a early marker of DNA double-strand breaks. Results: Over the range of radiation doses tested, we confirmed increasing ROS generation as measured by CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence (R2 = 0.969). Over 1,450 comets were analyzed over a range of radiation doses and the Olive Tail Moment (OTM) calculated. A linear increase in OTM with radiation dose was seen (R2 = 0.991). A linear increase in γH2AX foci was seen with increasing radiation dose as measured by cell average γH2AX fluorescence (R2 = 0.999) Conclusions: We have developed a robust platform for high-throughput assays of radiation sensitivity allowing rapid assessment of effects over a range of radiation doses. This system provides a powerful tool for increasing the efficacy of genetic and pharmacologic modifiers of radiation response. Citation Format: Alison Bailey, Tyler Fowler, Kwangok P. Nickel, Bryan Bednarz, Randall J. Kimple. Biological validation of a novel high-throughput irradiator for predictive radiation sensitivity bioassays. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1801. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1801
Naming the Criminal: Lithuanian Jews Remember Perpetrators

Psychoanalyst Dori Laub asserts that for camp inmates the Holocaust extinguished the possibility of “I-thou” interaction. Address and response, the basis of human subjectivity, became impossible for the prisoner to imagine. The author of this article uses victims’ descriptions of perpetrators to investigate this assertion. Do survivors at times conceive of a wartime assailant as “you”—as an addressable human agent? Comparing two clusters of testimony by Lithuanian Jews, the author finds that contemporary language and social context shape the victims’ stance toward Holocaust perpetration—that is, how they weigh human versus structural wrong. She also points out various ethical traps inherent in each of the two methods of remembering wartime aggressors.
The effect of diet-induced obesity on extracellular matrix remodeling during skeletal muscle regeneration

Abstract Diet-induced obesity has previously been shown to occur with the concomitant rise in the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and increases in collagen deposition. While it has been known that the regenerative process of skeletal muscle is altered in obese mice following an acute muscle injury, we sought to examine differences in the expression of various markers of extracellular matrix remodeling and repair. Our laboratory has previously reported an impaired inflammatory and protein synthetic signaling in these mice that may contribute negatively to the muscle regenerative process. To expand upon this previous investigation, tissues from these animals underwent further analysis to determine the extent of changes to the regenerative response within the extracellular matrix, including transcriptional changes in Collagen I, Collagen III, and Fibronectin. Here, we show that the expression of Collagen III:I is significantly increased at 3-days post-injury in obese injured animals compared to lean injured animals (p ​= ​0.0338), and by 28-days the obese injured animals exhibit a significantly lower Collagen III:I than their lean injured counterparts (p ​= ​0.0035). We demonstrate an impaired response to an acute muscle injury in obese mice when compared with lean counterparts. However, further studies are required to elucidate translational consequences of these changes, as well as to determine any causative mechanisms that may be driving this effect.
Seeking Help When Strokes Happen: A Study of 911 Tapes

43 Recommendations from the American Stroke Association stress the importance of treating stroke symptoms as medical emergencies and encourages the public to call 911 if they witness or experience a stroke. However, many patients experience delays from onset of symptoms to hospital arrival of 4 to 6 hours. Use of emergency medical service (EMS) is an important link in the chain of recovery. To investigate EMS use, tapes of calls to 911 were evaluated for 93 confirmed stroke cases arriving at the hospital by ambulance in 2 North Carolina counties during 1999. Tapes were transcribed and linked to EMS trip sheets. Seventy-two percent of patients were women, 30% were black, and their mean age was 76 years. Forty-three percent of the calls were placed by medical personnel and 37% by a family member. Only 5 of the 93 calls were made by the patient. In 42 (45%) of calls, the term “stroke” or “cerebrovascular accident” was recorded. In most instances (35 of 42) the term was first used by the caller. A decreased ability to walk or altered mental status were the two most frequently reported symptoms (30% each), followed by breathing difficulty (27%), impaired speech (25%), and muscle weakness (16%). In 78% of the calls, dispatchers sent EMS personnel to the scene at highest priority, with lights and sirens. The median time from dispatch to arrival of EMS personnel on the scene was 7 minutes. The median elapsed time from receiving the 911 call to the patient’s arrival at the hospital was 42 minutes. This study suggests that most 911 calls in these two counties were dispatched with highest priority. While EMS arrived in 7 minutes, it took more than one-half hour from arrival at the scene to reach the hospital. Few calls to 911 were made by the patients themselves. The information from this study will be useful in designing public health strategies to reduce prehospital delay for stroke patients.
Faster catalog matching on Graphics Processing Units

Abstract One of the most fundamental problems in observational astronomy is the cross-identification of sources. Observations are made at different times in different wavelengths with separate instruments, resulting in a large set of independent observations. The scientific outcome is often limited by our ability to quickly perform associations across catalogs. The matching, however, is difficult scientifically, statistically as well as computationally. The former two require detailed physical modeling and advanced probabilistic concepts; the latter is due to the large volumes of data and the problem’s combinatorial nature. In order to tackle the computational challenge and to prepare for future surveys we developed a new implementation on Graphics Processing Units. Our solution scales across multiple devices and can process hundreds of trillions of crossmatch candidates per second in a single machine.
Large Wind Shears and Their Implications for Diffusion in Regions With Enhanced Static Stability: The Mesopause and the Tropopause

The NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM), with a quasi-uniform horizontal resolution of ∼25km and a vertical resolution of 0.1 scale height, produces large vertical shear of horizontal wind with peaks around the mesopause and the tropical and midlatitude tropopause. In these regions, the static stability also reaches peak values and therefore allows large vertical shears before the onset of dynamical instability. The wind shear peaks near the mesopause and the tropopause from the simulation compare well with those identified in observations, including the magnitude, latitudinal dependence, and large shear statistics. By analyzing the probability density functions of the wind shears and their dependence on the zonal scales, it is found that smaller scale processes, likely gravity waves, contribute significantly to the large shears, and may play a dominant role in producing the largest shears. Climatological tidal waves have secondary contribution to the large winds and shears, but spectral analysis suggests that they can modulate wind shear perturbations by gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Implications for tracer transport and mixing in these regions are explored by estimating diffusion coefficients based on the root mean square winds, shears and corresponding spatial scales from model results.
A two-scale model of radio-frequency electrosurgical tissue ablation

Radio-frequency electrosurgical procedures are widely used to simultaneously dissect and coagulate tissue. Experiments suggest that evaporation of cellular and intra-cellular water plays a significant role in the evolution of the temperature field at the tissue level, which is not adequately captured in a single scale energy balance equation. Here, we propose a two-scale model to study the effects of microscale phase change and heat dissipation in response to radiofrequency heating on the tissue level in electrosurgical ablation procedures. At the microscale, the conservation of mass along with thermodynamic and mechanical equilibrium is applied to obtain an equation-of-state (EOS) relating vapor mass fraction to temperature and pressure. The evaporation losses are incorporated in the macro-level energy conservation and results are validated with mean experimental temperature distributions measured from electrosurgical ablation testing on ex vivo porcine liver at different power settings of the electrosurgical instrument. Model prediction of water loss and its effect on the temperature along with the effect of the mechanical properties on results are evaluated and discussed.
Social representations of fish and seafood among midlife rural adults: Benefits, risks, and involvement

Abstract Food policy is embedded within the context of a risk society where there are collective anxieties about risk and uncertainty. One type of shared knowledge structure created through social, economic, and political communication related to health risks and benefits is social representations. To examine social representations of fish and seafood, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 31 adults ages 50–70 in rural New York State. Interview transcripts were analyzed for individual and shared social representations using open coding. Most participants held numerous social representations describing the health effects of eating fish. The social representations included five domains: intrinsic fish components, fish contaminants, fish as protein, health effects of fish, and types of fish. Nearly everyone discussed core representations of heart health, fish being good for you, and mercury exposure. Participants often held conflicting representations and incorporated conflicting representations in their eating routines. While individuals held similar sets of social representations, their involvement with the social representations varied. Four patterns of involvement with social representations of fish and seafood included: evangelists, safeguarded, oblivious, and risk managers. Social representations and individual patterns of involvement with shared sets of social representations is a unique approach to examining food and health that acknowledges the complexity of the topic as a policy issue as well as the process of knowledge transfer from the expert realm to the broader public in a risk society.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Etelcalcetide, a Novel Calcimimetic for Treatment of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis.

Etelcalcetide, a d-amino acid peptide, is an intravenous calcimimetic approved for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Etelcalcetide binds the calcium-sensing receptor and increases its sensitivity to extracellular calcium, thereby decreasing secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by chief cells. Etelcalcetide and its low-molecular-weight transformation products are rapidly cleared by renal excretion in healthy subjects, but clearance is substantially reduced and dependent on hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease. The effective half-life is 3-5 days in patients undergoing hemodialysis 3 times a week. A clinical study using a single microtracer intravenous dose of [14 C]etelcalcetide indicated that 60% of the administered dose was eliminated in dialysate. Etelcalcetide undergoes reversible disulfide exchange with serum albumin to form a serum albumin peptide conjugate that is too large (67 kDa) to be dialyzed, until a subsequent exchange forms etelcalcetide or a low-molecular-weight transformation product. This exchange from albumin is apparent after hemodialysis, when it partially restores etelcalcetide concentrations in plasma. Etelcalcetide has no known risks for drug-drug interactions. In phase 3 studies, 74%-75% of hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism who received etelcalcetide achieved a >30% PTH reduction from baseline versus 8%-10% of patients who received placebo. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of etelcalcetide in hemodialysis patients supports a 5-mg starting dose administered after hemodialysis and uptitration in 2.5- or 5-mg increments every 4 weeks to a maximum dose of 15 mg 3 times a week.
Charge-assisted hydrogen bonding in three diaminobenzene salts.

Hydrogen-bonding inter­actions play an important role in the rational design of crystal systems with desirable architectures. The crystal structures of benzene-1,2-diaminium sulfate sesquihydrate, C6H20N22+·SO42−·1.5H2O, (1), benzene-1,3-diaminium tetra­chlorido­zincate(II), (C6H20N2)[ZnCl4], (3), and 3-amino­anilinium perchlorate, C6H9N2+·ClO4−, (4), are reported. Hydrated salt (1) is a polymorph (space group C2/c) of a previously reported [Anderson et al. (2011). Cryst. Growth Des. 11, 4904–4919] crystalline modification of salt (2) (space group P21/c). The contents of the asymmetric unit of (2) are twice that of (1). In each, the extended structures exhibit hydrogen bonds, resulting in chains of ions and hydrogen-bonded rings with an R44(8) motif involving water mol­ecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that a significant difference between the two is the degree of C⋯C inter­action. Salt (3) exhibits an extended structure having hydrogen-bonded rings and parallel benzene rings, with a centroid-to-centroid separation of 3.860 (2) A. Salt (4) displays a three-dimensional superstructure that results from linked planes of ions joined by an extensive hydrogen-bonding network involving N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and C—H⋯π inter­actions. The cation–anion and N—H⋯N inter­action energies in (4), determined using density functional theory (DFT), show significantly stronger aminium–per­chlorate than amine–perchlorate inter­actions.
Impact of a Resident Research Grant on Scholarly Output During Pediatric Residency

What's New? Lack of research funding is a known barrier to performing research during residency. Receipt of an institution-based resident research grant was associated with increased scholarly output. Programs should consider creating funding mechanisms to promote scholarship during residency.