cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chelation-controlled stannylacetylene additions to β-alkoxy aldehydes promoted by alkylaluminum halide Lewis acids

Abstract Lewis acid-mediated additions of stannylacetylenes to β-alkoxy aldehydes are reported. High levels of chelation control are observed with dimethylaluminum chloride (Me 2 AlCl) and methylaluminum dichloride (MeAlCl 2 ).
Formal Synthesis of (±)-Callosobruchusic Acid

Abstract Callosobruchusic acid, a monoterpene dicarboxylic acid, has been prepared in five steps from 2-methylfuran and methyl α-diazopropionate.
Here be Dragons: The Unexplored Continents of the CMSSM

The Higgs boson mass and the abundance of dark matter constrain the CMSSM/mSUGRA supersymmetry breaking inputs. A complete map of the CMSSM that is consistent with these two measured quantities is provided. Various “continents”, consisting of non-excluded models, can be organized by their dark matter dynamics. The following mechanisms manifest: well-tempering, resonant pseudo-scalar Higgs annihilation, neutralino/stau coannihilations and neutralino/stop coannihilations. Benchmark models are chosen in order to characterize the viable regions. The expected visible signals of each are described, demonstrating a wide range of predictions for the 13 TeV LHC and a high degree of complementarity between dark matter and collider experiments. The parameter space spans a finite volume, which can be probed in its entirety with experiments currently under consideration.
Doppler velocimetry, placental morphology and outcome in insulin-dependent diabetes.

The purpose of this study was to determine the underlying cause of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry in pregnancies complicated by insulin-dependent diabetes, by evaluating placental morphology and correlating Doppler results with pregnancy outcome. Our study population consisted of 14 pregnancies with normal Doppler results and 11 pregnancies with abnormal Doppler results. Quantitative placental examinations were performed. Maternal and perinatal characteristics were analyzed. Infants from the abnormal Doppler group had a statistically significantly higher incidence than those from the normal Doppler group of hyperbilirubinemia, Cesarean delivery for fetal distress, and neonatal intensive care stay of 2 or more days. Women with abnormal Doppler results delivered earlier (36 vs. 38 weeks) and had infants of lower birth weight (3079 vs. 3629 g). They were also three times more likely to have poor glycemic control (relative risk = 3.2; p = 0.0067). The placentae of both groups showed no statistically significant dtfferences in placental weight, number of tertiary stem villi, number of small muscular arteries, or mean arterial width. Our findings suggest a functional rather than structural placental process as the cause of the abnormal Doppler results in pregnancies complicated by diabetes. An association between glycemic control and Doppler velocimetry is suggested. Copyright © 1993 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Remark on the baryonic branch of the warped deformed conifold

It has recently been suggested that a superpotential for the baryonic branch of the Klebanov-Strassler field theory (KS) should exist for a sector of the dual supergravity fields. In this note we would like to argue that if extended to cover the whole set of supergravity fields a would-be superpotential does not have a perturbative expansion around the known KS superpotential. Since the family of supergravity duals to the baryonic branch is an expansion around the warped deformed conifold, our argument most likely indicates that there is no such superpotential, and hints that some one-parameter supersymmetric solutions do not arise from BPS flow equations.
Line-of-sight networks

Random geometric graphs have been one of the fundamental models for reasoning about wireless networks: one places n points at random in a region of the plane (typically a square or circle), and then connects pairs of points by an edge if they are within a fixed distance of one another. In addition to giving rise to a range of basic theoretical questions, this class of random graphs has been a central analytical tool in the wireless networking community. For many of the primary applications of wireless networks, however, the underlying environment has a large number of obstacles, and communication can only take place among nodes when they are close in space and when they have line-of-sight access to one another – consider, for example, urban settings or large indoor environments. In such domains, the standard model of random geometric graphs is not a good approximation of the true constraints, since it is not designed to capture the line-of-sight restrictions. Here we propose a random-graph model incorporating both range limitations and line-of-sight constraints, and we prove asymptotically tight results for k-connectivity. Specifically, we consider points placed randomly on a grid (or torus), such that each node can see up to a fixed distance along the row and column it belongs to. (We think of the rows and columns as ‘streets’ and ‘avenues’ among a regularly spaced array of obstructions.) Further, we show that when the probability of node placement is a constant factor larger than the threshold for connectivity, near-shortest paths between pairs of nodes can be found, with high probability, by an algorithm using only local information. In addition to analysing connectivity and k-connectivity, we also study the emergence of a giant component, as well an approximation question, in which we seek to connect a set of given nodes in such an environment by adding a small set of additional ‘relay’ nodes.
BioXyce: an engineering platform for the study of cellular systems

Researchers use constructs from the field of electrical engineering for the modelling and analysis of biological systems, but few exploit parallels between electrical and biological circuits for simulation purposes. The authors discuss the development of BioXyce, a circuit-based biological simulation platform that uses XyceTM, a large-scale electrical circuit simulator, as its simulation engine. BioXyce is capable of simulating whole-cell and multicellular systems. Simulation results for the central metabolism in Escherichia coli K12 and cellular differentiation in Drosophila sp. are presented.
Geocoding techniques developed by the census use study

The Census Use Study (CUS) was established in September 1966 in New Haven, Connecticut. The emphasis of the study is on small area data, i.e., data relevant to areas smaller than a city. The CUS took the lead in geocoding by developing the DIME file and ADMATCH, an address matching system. The CUS at New Haven also developed the Health Information System to provide health planners with powerful statistical tools. In July, 1969, the Southern California Regional Information Study (SCRIS) was established in the Los Angeles area in order to transfer the experience gained at New Haven to a large urban area. SCRIS is continuing the geocoding work begun at New Haven and has embarked into other fields, while continuing to improve existing computer programs. For instance, SCRIS has produced an IBM 360/OS and an RCA SPECTRA 70 version of ADMATCH. A computer mapping system was also developed at SCRIS from the basic research activities carried on at New Haven. Investigations have begun on several other fronts including an extension of a fallout shelter study, the Summary Tape Retrieval Information Processor (STRIP), a generalized file matching system, and several special purpose tools related to small area data and geocoding. In addition, the New Haven CUS and SCRIS have produced a series of publications on these and other related topics for public information. SCRIS is producing a series of transportation related publications, which should be of interest to most transportation planners.
A New Analytical Approach for the Determination of the Transient Response in Elastic Mechanisms

Recent work on multi-regime per cycle machinery has shown that for such systems the transient response of the link deflections, which is governed by the homogeneous solution to a Hill-type differential equation, cannot be neglected in a meaningful simulation. Based on mathematical work by E. T. Whittaker, a new analytical approach for obtaining such transient responses is given. It is achieved by the determination of the characteristic exponent in the stable regions of the Floquet solution to the Hill’s equation involved. This technique is applied to a specific elastic mechanism. Several sample computations show that the transient response may vary from near-periodic to totally aperiodic.
The thermal efficiency and cost of producing hydrogen and other synthetic aircraft fuels from coal

A comparison is made of the cost and thermal efficiency of producing liquid hydrogen, liquid methane and synthetic aviation kerosene from coal. These results are combined with estimates of the cost and energy losses associated with transporting, storing, and transferring the fuels to aircraft. The results of hydrogen-fueled and kerosene-fueled aircraft performance studies are utilized to compare the economic viability and efficiency of coal resource utilization of synthetic aviation fuels.
Belief in a Just World, Blaming the Victim, and Hate Crime Statutes

The earliest economic theory of discrimination proposed the subsequently neglected idea of a "vicious circle" of discrimination (Myrdal, 1944). We draw on psychological evidence (that people derive utility from believing that the world is just) to propose a behavioral economic model in which the vicious circle envisaged by Myrdal can arise. We demonstrate the power of this approach through an application to the issue of whether and how to justify penalty enhancements for hate crimes against members of disfavored groups. The crucial assumption is that individuals engage in biased inference in order to preserve their Belief in a Just World, thus attributing the disproportionate victimization of a group to that group's negative characteristics, rather than to the hate-motivated preferences of offenders. In a simple two-period setting, we show that disproportionate victimization of the disfavored group in the first period can lead to additional crime against that group in the second period. The reason is that potential offenders' inferences about the victimized group's characteristics become more negative as a consequence of disproportionate victimization, raising the net benefits of crime against that group (under the assumption that the benefits of crime depend partly on the victimized group's perceived characteristics). Our main result is that penalty enhancements can reduce the social harm due to these extra crimes.
TWISTED OPEN STRINGS FROM CLOSED STRINGS: THE WZW ORIENTATION ORBIFOLDS

Including world-sheet orientation-reversing automorphismsĥσ∈H- in the orbifold program, we construct the operator algebras and twisted KZ systems of the general WZW orientation orbifoldAg(H-)/H-. We find that the orientation-orbifold sectors corresponding to each ĥσ∈H- are twisted open WZW strings, whose properties are quite distinct from conventional open-string orientifold sectors. As simple illustrations, we also discuss the classical (high-level) limit of our construction and free-boson examples on Abelian g.
Grothendieck’s theorem for operator spaces

We prove several versions of Grothendieck’s Theorem for completely bounded linear maps T:E→F *, when E and F are operator spaces. We prove that if E, F are C *-algebras, of which at least one is exact, then every completely bounded T:E→F * can be factorized through the direct sum of the row and column Hilbert operator spaces. Equivalently T can be decomposed as T=T r +T c where T r (resp. T c ) factors completely boundedly through a row (resp. column) Hilbert operator space. This settles positively (at least partially) some earlier conjectures of Effros-Ruan and Blecher on the factorization of completely bounded bilinear forms on C *-algebras. Moreover, our result holds more generally for any pair E, F of “exact” operator spaces. This yields a characterization of the completely bounded maps from a C *-algebra (or from an exact operator space) to the operator Hilbert space OH. As a corollary we prove that, up to a complete isomorphism, the row and column Hilbert operator spaces and their direct sums are the only operator spaces E such that both E and its dual E * are exact. We also characterize the Schur multipliers which are completely bounded from the space of compact operators to the trace class.
Finite sample performance of kernel-based regression methods for non-parametric additive models under common bandwidth selection criterion

In this paper, we investigate the finite sample performance of four kernel-based estimators that are currently available for additive non-parametric regression models—the classic backfitting estimator (CBE), the smooth backfitting estimator, the marginal integration estimator, and two versions of a two-stage estimator of which the first is proposed by Kim, Linton and Hengartner (1999) and the second is proposed in this paper. The bandwidths are selected for each estimator by minimizing their respective asymptotic approximation of the mean average squared errors. In our simulations, we are particularly concerned with the performance of these estimators under this unified data-driven bandwidth selection method, since in this case both the asymptotic and the finite sample properties of all estimators are currently unavailable. The comparison is based on the estimators' average squared error. Our Monte Carlo results seem to suggest that the CBE is the best performing kernel-based procedure.
Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and imaging in plant stress and disease

Quantitative analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence transients and quenching has evolved rapidly in the last decade. Instrumentation capable of fluorescence detection in bright actinic light has been used in conjunction with gas exchange analysis to build an empirical foundation relating quenching parameters to photosynthetic electron transport, the state of the photoapparatus, and carbon fixation. We have developed several instruments that collect video images of chlorophyll fluorescence. Digitized versions of these images can be manipulated as numerical data arrays, supporting generation of quenching maps that represent the spatial distribution of photosynthetic activity in leaves. We have applied this technology to analysis of fluorescence quenching during application of stress hormones, herbicides, physical stresses including drought and sudden changes in humidity of the atmosphere surrounding leaves, and during stomatal oscillations in high CO{sub 2}. We describe a recently completed portable fluorescence imaging system utilizing LED illumination and a consumer-grade camcorder, that will be used in long-term, non-destructive field studies of plant virus infections.
Enantioselective copper-catalyzed construction of aryl pyrroloindolines via an arylation-cyclization cascade

An enantioselective arylation–cyclization cascade has been accomplished using a combination of diaryliodonium salts and asymmetric copper catalysis. These mild catalytic conditions provide a new strategy for the enantioselective construction of pyrroloindolines, an important alkaloid structural motif that is commonly found among biologically active natural products.
Stability estimates for the inverse boundary value problem by partial Cauchy data

We study the inverse conductivity problem with partial data in dimension n ≥ 3. We derive stability estimates for this inverse problem if the conductivity has regularity for 0 < σ < 1. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bending the helicoid

We construct Colding–Minicozzi limit minimal laminations in open domains in \({\mathbb{R}}^3\) with the singular set of C 1-convergence being any properly embedded C 1,1-curve. By Meeks’ C 1,1-regularity theorem, the singular set of convergence of a Colding–Minicozzi limit minimal lamination \({\mathcal{L}}\) is a locally finite collection \(S({\mathcal{L}})\) of C 1,1-curves that are orthogonal to the leaves of the lamination. Thus, our existence theorem gives a complete answer as to which curves appear as the singular set of a Colding–Minicozzi limit minimal lamination. In the case the curve is the unit circle \({\mathbb{S}}^1(1)\) in the (x 1, x 2)-plane, the classical Bjorling theorem produces an infinite sequence of complete minimal annuli H n of finite total curvature which contain the circle. The complete minimal surfaces H n contain embedded compact minimal annuli \(\overline{H}_n\) in closed compact neighborhoods N n of the circle that converge as \(n \to \infty\) to \(\mathbb {R}^3 - x_3\) -axis. In this case, we prove that the \(\overline{H}_n\) converge on compact sets to the foliation of \(\mathbb {R}^3 - x_3\) -axis by vertical half planes with boundary the x 3-axis and with \({\mathbb{S}}^1(1)\) as the singular set of C 1-convergence. The \(\overline{H}_n\) have the appearance of highly spinning helicoids with the circle as their axis and are named bent helicoids.
Electronic structure and polarizability of metallic nanoshells

Abstract An efficient method for the calculation of the electronic structure of metallic nanoshells is developed. The method is applied to a large nanoshell (of 10 nm in diameter) containing more than 2.5×10 4 conduction electrons. The calculations show that the density of states of the nanoshell is relatively bulk-like. The frequency dependent polarizability is calculated and shown to display strong confinement effects and features similar to what is predicted by semi-classical electrodynamic theory.
Structural effects on the rates of the ion molecule reactions of organic heterocycles

Rate constants for proton transfer reactions of seven heterocyclic amines, eight heterocyclic ethers and propylene sulfide have been measured by photoionization mass specrometry. Rate constants for dimerization of four sulfides have also been measured. The measured rate constants have also been compared to the theoretical (ADO) rate constants. In all cases the ADO rate constants show only small variations with structure. In fact for the mono-heterocycles all but one of the ADO rate constants are between 2.0 and 1.5 × 10−9 cc molec−1 sec−1. The observed rate constants show considerable dependence on chemical structure. The amines react faster than the oxides which in turn react faster than the sulfides. N-Methyl substitution on pyrrolidine and piperidine lowers their rate constants by about a factor of two while, propylene oxide reacts eighteen percent faster than ethylene oxide. Examination of the variation in the observed rate constants as a function of ring size for each group of heterocycles indicates a distinct structure-reactivity correlation although we have not attempted to rationalize this correlation. There is also a structure-reactivity dependence observed in the six-membered oxygen heterocycles having a second heteroatom O, NH, or S in the 4-position. The rate constants increase with the electronegativity of the second heteroatom.
On the Natural Lubrication of Synovial Joints: Normal and Degenerate

Fluid flow and mass transport mechanisms associated with articular cartilage function are important biomechanical processes of normal and pathological synovial joints. A three-layer permeable, two-phase medium of an incompressible fluid and a linear elastic solid are used to model the flow and deformational behavior of articular cartilage. The frictional resistance of the relative motion of the fluid phase with respect to the solid phase is given by a linear diffusive dissipation term. The subchondral bony substrate is represented by an elastic solid. The three-layer model of articular cartilage is chosen because of the known histological, ultrastructural, and biomechanical variations of the tissue properties. The calculated flow field shows that for material properties of normal healthy articular cartilage the tissue creates a naturally lubricated surface. The movement of the interstitial fluid at the surface is circulatory in manner, being exuded in front and near the leading half of the moving surface load and imbibed behind and near the trailing half of the moving load. The flow fields of healthy tissues are capable of sustaining a film of fluid at the articular surface whereas pathological tissues cannot.
Robust tracking with spatio-velocity snakes: Kalman filtering approach

Using results from robust Kalman filtering, we present a new Kalman filter-based snake model for tracking of nonrigid objects in combined spatio-velocity space. The proposed model is the stochastic version of the velocity snake which is an active contour model for combined tracking of position and velocity of nonrigid boundaries. The proposed model uses image gradient and optical flow measurements along the contour as system measurements. An optical-flow based measurement error is used to detect and reject image measurements which correspond to image clutter or to other objects. The method was applied to object tracking of both rigid and nonrigid objects, resulting in good tracking results and robustness to image clutter, occlusions and numerical noise.
Novel coupling agents for PVC/wood‐flour composites *

Effective interfacial adhesion between wood fibers and plastics is crucial for both the processing and ultimate performance of wood–plastic composites. Coupling agents are added to wood–plastic composites to promote adhesion between the hydrophilic wood surface and hydrophobic polymer matrix, but to date no coupling agent has been reported for PVC/wood-fiber composites that significantly improved their performance and was also cost-effective. This article presents the results of a study using chitin and chitosan, two natural polymers, as novel coupling agents for PVC/wood-flour composites. Addition of chitin and chitosan coupling agents to PVC/wood-flour composites increased their flexural strength by ∼20%, their flexural modulus by ∼16%, and their storage modulus by ∼33–74% compared to PVC/wood-flour composite without the coupling agent. Significant improvement in composite performance was attained with 0.5 wt% of chitosan and when 6.67 wt% of chitin was used. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 11:160–165, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers
Theoretical studies of proton-coupled electron transfer reactions

A theoretical formulation for proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is described. This theory allows the calculation of rates and kinetic isotope effects and provides insight into the underlying fundamental principles of PCET reactions. Applications of this theory to PCET reactions in iron bi-imidazoline complexes, oxoruthenium polypyridyl complexes, osmium-benzoquinone systems, amidinium-carboxylate salt bridges, DNA-acrylamide complexes, and ruthenium polypyridyl-tyrosine systems are summarized. The mechanistic insight gained from theoretical calculations on these model systems is relevant to PCET in more complex biological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration.
Rechargeable sensor activation under temporally correlated events

Wireless sensor networks are often deployed to detect "interesting events" that are bound to show some degree of temporal correlation across their occurrences. Typically, sensors are heavily constrained in terms of energy, and thus energy usage at the sensors must be optimized for efficient operation of the sensor system. A key optimization question in such systems is--how the sensor (assumed to be rechargeable) should be activated in time so that the number of interesting events detected is maximized under the typical slow rate of recharge of the sensor. In this article, we consider the activation question for a single sensor, and pose it in a stochastic decision framework. The recharge-discharge dynamics of a rechargeable sensor node, along with temporal correlations in the event occurrences makes the optimal sensor activation question very challenging. Under complete state observability, we outline a deterministic, memoryless policy that is provably optimal. For the more practical scenario, where the inactive sensor may not have complete information about the state of event occurrences in the system, we comment on the structure of the deterministic, history-dependent optimal policy. We then develop a simple, deterministic, memoryless activation policy based upon energy balance and show that this policy achieves near-optimal performance under certain realistic assumptions. Finally, we show that an aggressive activation policy, in which the sensor activates itself at every possible opportunity, performs optimally only if events are uncorrelated.
On Quadratic g-Evaluations/Expectations and Related Analysis

In this article we extend the notion of g-evaluation, in particular g-expectation, of Peng [8, 9] to the case where the generator g is allowed to have a quadratic growth (in the variable “z”). We show that some important properties of the g-expectations, including a representation theorem between the generator and the corresponding g-expectation—and consequently the reverse comparison theorem of quadratic BSDEs as well as the Jensen inequality—remain true in the quadratic case. Our main results also include a Doob–Meyer type decomposition, the optional sampling theorem, and the upcrossing inequality. The results of this article are important in the further development of the general quadratic nonlinear expectations (cf. [5]).
Comments on the Problem of a Covariant Formulation of Matrix Theory

A possible avenue towards the covariant formulation of the bosonic Matrix Theory is explored. The approach is guided by the known covariant description of the bosonic membrane. We point out various problems with this particular covariantization scheme, stemming from the central question of how to enlarge the original U(N) symmetry of Matrix Theory while preserving all of its essential features in the infinite momentum frame.
Investigating a Guard Trace Ring to Suppress the Crosstalk due to a Clock Trace on a Power Electronics DSP Control Board

The grounded guard trace ring is usually utilized to suppress the interference in high-speed printed circuit boards or IC packages. Although the guard ring can reduce crosstalk, its performance is greatly affected by the effectiveness of its design. This paper first investigates the mechanism of the crosstalk cancelation with a grounded guard ring. The paper then discusses and analyzes several grounding patterns based on a lumped circuit model. The analysis applies to the applications where the dimensions of PCB traces are smaller than 5% of the wavelength at the highest frequency. It is found that the best grounding patterns for the guard trace ring is to ground its two ends instead of using multipoint grounding within the concerned frequency range from 10 to 200 MHz in this paper. The theoretical analysis and the developed technique are verified by electromagnetic field distribution plots and the four-ports scattering parameters that are simulated in ANSYS HFSS 3-D electromagnetic simulation software. Experiments were finally conducted to validate the analysis and the proposed technique.
Optimal Aeroelastic Design of an Oblique Wing Structure

A procedure is presented for determining the optimal cover panel thickness of a wing structure to meet specified strength and static aeroelastic divergence requirements for minimum weight. Efficient reanalysis techniques using discrete structural and aerodynamic methods are used in conjunction with redesign algorithms driven by optimality criteria. The optimality conditions for the divergence constraint are established, and expressions are obtained for derivatives of the dynamic pressure at divergence with respect to design variables. The procedure is applied to an oblique wing aircraft where strength and stiffness are critical design considerations for sizing the cover thickness of the wing structure.
Knowing the Unknown Executive Evaluation and International Crisis Outcomes

When voters evaluate their executive's policies, they often possess information that was previously unknownto policy makers. Should voters use such ex post information? The author presents a model of executive evaluation following an international crisis. Using ex post information can be welfare enhancing for the voter when contrasted with naive retrospection, in which voters compare pre- and postconflict utility. However, the welfare implications of using ex post information are not clear-cut when contrasted to sophisticated retrospective voting. While the latter voting rule leads to situations in which an executive is overly aggressive in crises, using ex post information can induce executive behavior that is insufficiently aggressive. Voters must balance the relative desirability of unwanted wars against unwanted passivity when deciding how to evaluate leaders. In opening up the black box of domestic politics, assumptions about voter behavior can affect substantive and normative findings.
The effects of trace anions on the voltammetry of single crystal gold surfaces

Abstract The development of a new technique for mounting single crystals as a Hanging Meniscus Rotating Disk (HMRD) electrode has facilitated the study of the effect of traces of anionic impurities on the voltammetry of gold single crystals. It is shown that the cause for most of the differences between voltammetry curves reported in the literature for the same crystal face is the presence in the solution of low levels (≈ 10−7 M) of Cl− and SO42− ions which were present in the original reagent. Variation of the rotation rate from 0 to 10,000 r.p.m. permitted a change of the effective concentrations of these impurities by a factor of ≈100. The resultant curves are compared to those produced by deliberate addition of these anions. The results obtained indicate that the previously reported specific adsorption of ClO4− and F− on Au may well have been due to the presence of the same contaminants (Cl− and SO42−). The capacitance minimum values reported in the literature as pzcs appear to coincide with the potential at which SO42− (or HSO4−) desorption finishes and Cl− begins. The reported values for pzc may be erroneous. The validity of the “fingerprint” concept is discussed, as is the use of modifications (changes) of the voltammetric features produced by particular pre-polarisation regimes as electrochemical evidence of “reconstruction”.
A new and practical synthesis of vinyl dichlorides via a non-Wittig-type approach

Abstract A practical approach for the conversion of aldehydes to vinyl dichlorides has been developed. These are three-step, one-pot reactions involving the formation of trichlorocarbinol by treatment of aldehydes with trichloroacetic acid and sodium trichloroacetate followed by in situ protection and elimination reactions to form the desired vinyl dichlorides in 85 to 95% yields.
Towards room-temperature performance for lithium-polymer batteries

Abstract Recent work on molecular simulations of the mechanisms of lithium ion conductance has pointed towards two types of limiting process. One has involved the commonly cited segmental motion while the other is related to energy barriers in the solvation shell of polymeric ether oxygens around the lithium ions. Calculations of the barriers to lithium ion migration have provided important indicators as to the best design of the polymer. The theoretical work has coincided with and guided some recent developments on polymer synthesis for lithium batteries. Structural change of the polymer solvation shell has been pursued by the introduction of trimethylene oxide (TMO) units into the polymer. The conductivity measurements on polymers containing TMO unit are encouraging. The architecture of the polymer networks has been varied upon which the solvating groups are attached and significant improvements in sub-ambient performance are observed as a result. However, the above-ambient temperature performance appears controlled by an Arrhenius process that is not completely consistent with the theoretical calculations described here and may indicate the operation of a different mechanism. The new polymers possess significantly lower Tg values in the presence of lithium salts, which indicates weaker binding of the lithium ions by the polymers. These properties provide considerable improvement in the transport properties close to the electrode surfaces resulting in decreased impedances at the surfaces both at lithium metal and in composite electrodes. The greater flexibility of the solvation groups combined with appropriate architecture not only has applications in lithium metal–polymer batteries but also in lithium ion liquid and gel systems as well as in fuel cell electrodes.
Key sources on Southeast Asian mass communications

(1979). Key sources on Southeast Asian mass communications. International Library Review: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 285-299.
Slavnov-Taylor identities for primordial perturbations

Correlation functions of adiabatic modes in cosmology are constrained by an infinite number of consistency relations, which relate N + 1-point correlation functions with a soft-momentum scalar or tensor mode to a symmetry transformation on N-point correlation functions of hard-momentum modes. They constrain, at each order n, the qn behavior of the soft limits. In this paper we show that all consistency relations derive from a single, master identity, which follows from the Slavnov-Taylor identity for spatial diffeomorphisms. This master identity is valid at any value of q and therefore goes beyond the soft limit. By differentiating it n times with respect to the soft momentum, we recover the consistency relations at each q order. Our approach underscores the role of spatial diffeomorphism invariance at the root of cosmological consistency relations. It also offers new insights on the necessary conditions for their validity: a physical contribution to the vertex functional must satisfy certain analyticity properties in the soft limit in order for the consistency relations to hold. For standard inflationary models, this is equivalent to requiring that mode functions have constant growing-mode solutions. For more exotic models in which modes do not ``freeze'' in the usual sense, the analyticity requirement offers an unambiguous criterion.
Return enhancement trading strategies for size based portfolios

Recent theoretical work suggests that definitions of market efficiency that allow for the possibility of time-varying risk-premia will generally lead to return sign predictability. Consistent with this theory, we show that a logit model based on the lagged value of the market risk premium is useful for successfully predicting the return sign for CRSP small decile portfolio returns, but not large ones. We additionally employ this model in market timing simulations of micro-cap mutual funds in which investment can actually be made. The results indicate that a market-timing strategy based on our return-sign forecasting model outperforms a buy-and-hold strategy for 13 of 14 micro-cap funds studied. On average, the buy-and-hold strategy produces an average compound return of 11.98% per annum versus an average of 16.60% for the market-timing strategy. Nevertheless, trading restrictions make the return-sign forecasting model more practical to employ by the micro-cap fund portfolio manager rather than the individual fund investor.
Quantization ambiguity, ergodicity and semiclassics

It is well known that almost all eigenstates of a classically ergodic system are individually ergodic on coarse-grained scales. This has important implications for the quantization ambiguity in ergodic systems: the difference between alternative quantizations is suppressed compared with the O(2) ambiguity in the integrable or regular case. For two-dimensional ergodic systems in the high-energy regime, individual eigenstates are independent of the choice of quantization procedure, in contrast with the regular case, where even the ordering of eigenlevels is ambiguous. Surprisingly, semiclassical methods are shown to be much more precise in any dimension for chaotic than for integrable systems.
Transverse dynamics at RHIC

Studies of , transverse momentum spectra and anisotropy flow from nuclear collisions at RHIC indicate early thermalization and strong collective expansion. We propose a systematic study of the anisotropy parameter $v_2$ and the transverse momentum distributions of $\phi, \Omega, D^0, \Lambda_C$ and $J / \psi$ in order to extract information on partonic collective flow.
Catalytic conversion of propane to aromatics: Effects of adding Ga and/or Pt to HZSM-5

Abstract ZSM-5 catalysts without (H) and with added metals (Ga, PtGa, Pt) have been studied for propane conversion and aromatization at 530°C, with the contact time varied by three orders of magnitude. From initial rate and selectivity determinations, the role of the modifying metals has been ascertained. On metal-free HZSM-5 propane yields equimolar methane and ethylene as well as propylene. Adding metals increases the rate of propylene formation, as a result of their dehydrogenation activity, which acts additively rather than synergistically. The intrinsic dehydrogenation activity, observed at low conversion and time on stream, increases in the order Ga
Recent Developments of Integrating the Gravitational Problem of N-Bodies

This paper discusses the formulation and the numerical integration of large systems of differential equations occurring in the gravitational problem of n-bodies.
Big bang nucleosynthesis constraints on massive, unstable neutrinos

The tan-neutrino, if sufficiently massive, must be unstable. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) can provide constraints on the ντ mass and lifetime. The modification to the energy density of the early Universe in the case of a massive τ -neutrino which decays via ν → νμ + φ (where φ is a weakly coupled massless scalar) is described and the results of BBN production of the light elements is presented. Consistency with the primordial abundances of D, 3 He, 7 Li and, especially, 4He leads to constraints on the mass (mντ and lifetime (τντ) of the tau-neutrino. Very massive ντ (mντ ≥ 5 — 10MeV), up to the ARGUS bound of 31MeV, are only allowed for short lifetimes (≤ 40sec). Much lighter (mντ ≤ 0.01 MeV)ντ are permitted for lifetimes longer than ∼ 0.01 sec but, mντ (MeV) ≤ 10τν(sec) for shorter lifetimes.
On the sum capacity of the discrete memoryless interference channel with one-sided weak interference and mixed interference

The sum capacity of a class of discrete memoryless interference channels is determined. This class of channels is defined analogous to the Gaussian Z-interference channel with weak interference; as a result, the sum capacity is achieved by letting the transceiver pair subject to the interference communicates at a rate such that its message can be decoded at the unintended receiver using single user detection. Moreover, this class of discrete memoryless interference channels is equivalent in capacity region to certain discrete degraded interference channels. This allows the construction of a capacity outer-bound using the capacity region of associated degraded broadcast channels. The same technique is then used to determine the sum capacity of the discrete memoryless interference channel with mixed interference. The above results allow one to determine sum capacities or capacity regions of several new discrete memoryless interference channels.
Soap Film Solutions to Plateau's Problem

Plateau’s problem is to show the existence of an area-minimizing surface with a given boundary, a problem posed by Lagrange in 1760. Experiments conducted by Plateau showed that an area-minimizing surface can be obtained in the form of a film of oil stretched on a wire frame, and the problem came to be called Plateau’s problem. Special cases have been solved by Douglas, Rado, Besicovitch, Federer and Fleming, and others. Federer and Fleming used the chain complex of integral currents with its continuous boundary operator, a Poincare Lemma, and good compactness properties to solve Plateau’s problem for orientable, embedded surfaces. But integral currents cannot represent surfaces such as the Mobius strip or surfaces with triple junctions. In the class of varifolds, there are no existence theorems for a general Plateau problem. We use the chain complex of differential chains, a geometric Poincare Lemma, and good compactness properties of the complex to solve Plateau’s problem in such generality as to find the first solution which minimizes area taken from a collection of surfaces that includes all previous special cases, as well as all smoothly immersed surfaces of any genus type, orientable or nonorientable, and surfaces with multiple junctions. Our result holds for all dimensions and codimension-one surfaces in ℝ n .
M3(Au,Ge)19 and M3.25(Au,Ge)18 (M = Ca, Yb): Distinctive Phase Separations Driven by Configurational Disorder in Cubic YCd6-type Derivatives

Exploratory syntheses in the M-Au-Ge (M = Ca, Yb) systems have led to the discovery of two cleanly separated non-stoichiometric phases M(3)Au(approximately 14.4)Ge(approximately 4.6) (I) and M(3.25)Au(approximately 12.7)Ge(approximately 5.3) (II). Single crystal X-ray studies reveal that both (space group Im3) feature body-centered-cubic packing of five-shell multiply endohedral clusters that resemble those in the parent YCd(6) (= Y(3)Cd(18)) and are akin to approximate phases in other quasicrystal systems. However, differences resulting from various disorders in these are distinctive. The innermost cluster in the M(3)Au(approximately 14.4)Ge(approximately 4.6) phase (I) remains a disordered tetrahedron, as in the YCd(6) parent. In contrast, its counterpart in the electron-richer M(3.25)Au(approximately 12.7)Ge(approximately 5.3) phase (II) is a "rattling" M atom. The structural differentiations between I and II exhibit strong correlations between lattice parameters, cluster sizes, particular site occupancies, and valence electron counts.
Synthesis of α-pyrones via palladium-catalyzed annulation of internal alkynes

Abstract A number of 3,5,6-tri- and 3,4,5,6-tetrasubstituted α-pyrones have been prepared in good yields by the reaction of vinylic iodides, bromides or triflates bearing ester functionality with internal alkynes in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The methodology provides an especially simple, convenient, and regioselective route to α-pyrones containing aryl, silyl, tert .-alkyl and other hindered groups. The reaction is believed to proceed through a seven-membered palladacyclic salt in which the regiochemistry of the reaction is controlled by steric factors.
Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Design for Tripropeller Vertical-Takeoff and-Landing Unmanned Air Vehicle

In this paper, we present the design and development of the guidance, navigation, and control system of a small vertical-takeoff-and-landing unmanned air vehicle based on a 6 degrees-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model. The vertical-takeoff-and-landing unmanned air vehicle is equipped with three propellers for vertical thrust, and thrust differential together with a set of yaw trim flaps are used for 3 degrees-of-freedom attitude and thrust control actuation. The focus is on the 6 degrees-of-freedom flight control algorithm design using the trajectory linearization control method, along with simulation verification and robustness tests. Hardware and software implementation of the flight controller and onboard navigation sensors are also briefly discussed.
Disk and Halo Wide Binaries from the Revised Luyten Catalog: Probes of Star Formation and MACHO Dark Matter

We present a catalog of 1147 candidate common proper motion binaries selected from the revised New Luyten Two-Tenths Catalog (NLTT). Among these, we identify 999 genuine physical pairs using the measured proper-motion difference and the relative positions of each binary's components on a reduced proper motion (RPM) diagram. The RPM positions also serve to classify them as either disk main-sequence pairs (801), halo subdwarf (116) pairs, or pairs containing at least one white dwarf (82). The disk and halo samples are complete to separations of Δθ = 500'' and Δθ = 900'', which correspond to ~0.1 and ~1 pc, respectively. At wide separations, both distributions are well described by single power laws dN/dΔθ (Δθ)-α, with α = 1.67 ± 0.07 for the disk and α = 1.55 ± 0.10 for the halo. The fact that these distributions have similar slopes (and similar normalizations as well) argues for similarity of the star formation conditions of these two populations. The fact that the halo binaries obey a single power law out to ~1 pc permits strong constraints on halo dark matter candidates. At somewhat closer separations (10'' Δθ 25''), the disk distribution shows a pronounced flattening, which is detected at very high statistical significance and is not due to any obvious systematic effect. We also present a list of 11 previously unknown halo stars with parallaxes that are recognized here as companions of Hipparcos stars.
Soluble polymer-supported catalysts containing azo dyes.

Azo benzene derivatives were incorporated into soluble polymer-bound catalysts by two different approaches. The first was to attach the dye to the polymer-bound catalysts, using the dye as an innocent spectator to study the phase preference, concentration, and recoverability of a catalyst. The second approach used an azo dye as a ligand to form an effective soluble polymer-bound Pd(II) catalyst for Heck reactions.
N-picolinamides as ligands for Ullmann-type homocoupling reactions

Abstract The use of N-phenyl-2-pyridincarboxamide-1-oxide as a ligand with Cu2O in Ullmann type C N bond formations between aryl halides and N-heteroaryls in common solvents, such as MeCN, DMF, and DMSO at 82–120 °C has been successfully demonstrated. The ligand is effective when only 4% equiv is used relative to the substrate. The reaction provided the corresponding products in coupling of electron-rich, electron poor, and ortho-substituted aryl halides, including ortho aryl-chlorides, in good to very good yields. N-arylation is selectively preferred at the benzyl position when ortho-halide benzyl bromide is reacted with one equivalent of pyrazole. However, di-N-arylation is achieved in very high yields when 2.5 equiv of pyrazole is used, providing a stoichiometric control over the coupling reaction.