cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On ethics in the profession of dentistry and dental education

P rofessional education in dentistry exists to educate good dentists, dentists equipped and committed to helping society gain the benefits of oral health. In achieving this intention, dental educators acknowledge that student dentists must acquire the complex knowledge base and the sophisticated perceptual-motor skills of dentistry. The graduation of knowledgeable and skilled clinicians in dentistry is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for ensuring quality oral health care. The further requirement is the commitment of graduates to applying their abilities with integrity, that is, providing quality care in their patients’ interest. Ultimately, good dentistry depends on individuals committed to treating society and their patients fairly, that is, ethically. Thus the justification for teaching professional ethics in dentistry is to facilitate the personal and professional development of aspiring dentists into socially and professionally responsible human beings. This article will discuss ethics in the broad context of life, and seek to apply the concepts of ethics to the profession of dentistry and to teaching ethics in dental education. In doing so, it will define ethics and differentiate it from two related but different concepts, religion and law. Ethics will be explained in both the sense of life’s aspirations and life’s obligations, and an argument advanced for why one should be ethical. In seeking to understand ethics in the profession of dentistry, the concept of profession will be defined, and the historical notion of what it means to be a profession will be considered. Contrasts will be drawn between dentistry as profession and dentistry as a business. A professional ethics for dentistry will then be advanced. The essay will conclude with suggestions as to what goals are reasonable for teaching professional ethics in dentistry.
LDL Subclass Patterns and Lipoprotein Response to a Low-Fat, High-Carbohydrate Diet in Women

A predominance of small, dense LDL particles (subclass pattern B) characterizes a metabolic trait that is associated with higher levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and lower levels of HDL compared with those of individuals with predominantly larger LDL (pattern A). This trait appears to be under the influence of one or more genes, with maximal expression in adult males and reduced expression in premenopausal females. In a previous study, men with LDL subclass pattern B had significantly greater reductions in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B than men with pattern A. We hypothesized that despite the low prevalence of pattern B in premenopausal women, genetic predisposition to this trait could affect dietary responsiveness. Specifically, we predicted that LDL-C reduction on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet would be greatest in daughters of two pattern B parents, intermediate in daughters with one pattern B parent, and least in daughters with no pattern B parents. When 72 premenopausal women were placed on a 20% fat diet for 8 weeks, the changes in LDL-C (mmol/L) compared with levels on basal diets were significantly related to the number of pattern B parents (two B parents: -0.92 +/- 0.61, one B parent: -0.23 +/- 0.10, no B parents: -0.05 +/- 0.06) and could not be explained by diet adherence or baseline characteristics including initial lipoprotein profile or body mass index. The number of pattern B parents was also related to reductions in plasma mass concentrations of IDL, total LDL, and large LDL and to increases in plasma triglycerides. There was a significant inverse correlation between changes in triglyceride and LDL-C induced by the low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Thus, genetic and metabolic factors underlying LDL subclass pattern B may result in enhanced LDL and triglyceride responsiveness to substitution of dietary carbohydrate for fat in premenopausal women.
Plasma Hormones and Expression of Growth Hormone Receptor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I mRNA in Hepatic Tissue of Periparturient Dairy Cows

Growth hormone plays a central role in the change in nutrient metabolism that occurs during the initiation of lactation. The actions of growth hormone are mediated by the growth hormone receptor (GHR) whose mRNA is present in three alternatively spliced forms (GHR 1A, 1B, and 1C). Liver-specific GHR 1A mRNA is transiently decreased around parturition, but the exact timing of the decline is not known. Our objective was to generate a daily profile for total GHR (GHRtot; all GHR transcripts), GHR 1A, and IGF-I mRNA expression in liver of periparturient Holstein cows and evaluate these daily mRNA profiles relative to daily profiles for periparturient hormones and metabolites. Liver biopsies and blood samples (n = 139) were collected from 65 Holstein cows at the University of Missouri Dairy Farm. At least two cows were sampled on each day from 14 d before to 14 d after parturition. Total cellular RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Target cDNA were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Plasma was assayed for progesterone, estradiol, insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids. The GHR 1A mRNA declined 2 d before parturition, was lowest 3 to 4 d after parturition, and then increased. The IGF-I mRNA declined 1 d after parturition, was lowest 2 to 5 d after parturition and then increased. Total GHR mRNA was not affected by day. The decrease in GHR 1A mRNA was associated with a decrease in progesterone and an increase in estradiol shortly before parturition. A detailed profile of GHR 1A, IGF-I, and GHRtot mRNA expression during the periparturient period was provided. The decreases in GHR 1A and IGF-I during the transition period occurred immediately before (GHR 1A) or shortly after (IGF-I) parturition. Rapid changes in placental and ovarian steroids before parturition were coincident with changes in GHR 1A mRNA.
CREDIBILITY AND RENEGOTIATION OF OUTCOME FUNCTIONS IN IMPLEMENTATION

Recent research has been motivated by the fact that the outcome function in implementation may not be “credible”. On the one hand, the players may try to renegotiate the final outcome, if there is another outcome which they prefer. On the other hand, the “social planner” may have an incentive not to implement the final outcome, if there is another outcome which he prefers. I show that in the exchange economy, the first problem is not serious. A planner with unlimited commitment power can design a “collusion-proof” mechanism, which is stable against all sorts of group deviations, including the ex post trade of goods among the agents. I will, however, argue that the second problem (the planner’s commitment problem) can be very serious.
Integrating cultural competency into the undergraduate medical curriculum.

CONTEXT A significant movement is underway to develop standardised curricula that provide medical students with a fundamental knowledge of cultural sensitivity. METHODS This paper reviews the recent initiative to integrate cultural competency training into the curricula of American undergraduate medical institutions. RESULTS Despite these initiatives, few medical institutions have achieved a comprehensive curriculum providing for continued cultural experiences and assessment of related skill sets. The article proposes a framework for the introduction of continued instruction in and assessment of cultural competency within the undergraduate medical education. CONCLUSIONS The described components of cultural competency education in the undergraduate medical curricula provide a framework to facilitate early and continued exposure to experiences designed to promote cultural sensitivity.
Clay fabric intensity in natural and artificial fault gouges: Implications for brittle fault zone processes and sedimentary basin clay fabric evolution

[1] The role of phyllosilicate fabrics in fault gouge is a poorly understood component of the mechanical and hydrologic behavior of brittle fault zones. We present 90 fabric intensity measurements using X-ray texture goniometry on 22 natural clay-rich fault gouges from low-angle detachment faults (Death Valley area detachments, California; Ruby Mountains, Nevada; West Salton Detachment Fault, California) and the Peramola thrust in NE Spain. Natural fault gouges have uniformly weak clay fabrics (multiples of a random distribution (MRD) = 1.7–4.5, average MRD = 2.6) when compared to phyllosilicate-rich rocks found in other geologic settings. Clay fabric intensities in natural gouges do not vary significantly either as a function of tectonic environment or of dominant clay mineralogy in the gouge. We compare these natural samples with 69 phyllosilicate fabric intensities measured in laboratory experiments on synthetic clay-quartz mixtures. Clay fabric intensities from laboratory samples are similar to those in natural gouges (MRD = 1.7–4.6), but increase systematically with increasing shear strain and normal stress. Total phyllosilicate content does not significantly affect clay fabric intensity. Shear strain is important for developing stronger fabrics; samples subjected solely to compression exhibit uniformly weak fabrics (MRD = 1.6–1.8) even when compressed at high normal stresses (150 MPa). The weak fabrics found in natural fault gouge indicate that if anisotropic and overall low fault zone permeability allow elevated pore fluid pressures and fault weakening, this anisotropy must be a transient feature that is not preserved. Our data also reinforce the idea that clay fabric development in sedimentary rocks is primarily a function of authigenic mineral growth and not of compaction-induced particle rotation.
Urologic cancers: Where are we now and where is the field going?

Badrinath R Konety is Professor and Chair of the Department of Urology and holds the Dougherty Family Chair in Uro-Oncology, as well as being the Director of the Institute for Prostate and Urologic Cancers and Associate Director for Clinical Affairs of the Masonic Cancer Center, at the University of Minnesota (MN, USA). Konety received his undergraduate training in science at St Joseph’s College, Bangalore University in India. He earned his MBBS (MD equivalent) at the MS Ramaiah Medical College of Bangalore University. Konety was a research fellow with the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Urology at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center prior to completing his medical training at the University of Pittsburgh (PA, USA) with residencies in general surgery and urology. Following his residency training, Konety was an AFUD Research Scholar at the University of Pittsburgh’s Department of Urology and Cancer Institute, concurrently studying business and receiving a MBA from the University of P...
Server-assisted peer-based error recovery protocol for the IPTV networks

To successfully deliver the IPTV content to end-users, robust and resource-efficient error recovery techniques are required that can overcome the problems encountered during the end-to-end delivery process. To achieve this objective by also enabling quick error recovery, one preferred approach is to install a dedicated server, referred to as the error recovery server, between the head-end office and the end-users, to handle the repair packet requests coming from the end-users. However, as the number of users connected to the error recovery server increases, the probability of the server being overloaded by too many requests also increases, leading to scalability problems and increased response times. As a result, we cannot anymore guarantee the timely delivery of the repair packets, which would lead to unacceptable performance degradations at the end users. To prevent this from happening, we can minimize the recovery load at the error recovery server by using a peer-based error recovery approach in conjunction with a server-based error recovery approach. In this paper, our objective is to develop an effective joint server-based and peer-based error recovery solution that minimizes the probability of the server entering a non-responsive state by pushing the error recovery load towards the end-users, whenever needed and possible. The information on the perceived network characteristics is used to make resource-optimal decisions to find the recovery-peers. By taking into account the impact of latency on the peer-selection policy, we improve the fairness in the network and avoid over-utilizing the resources at the error recovery server. Through simulations, we show the significant performance improvements that can be achieved with the proposed joint error recovery framework when compared to a server-based error recovery framework.
Effects of decoupling on spectra of seismic waves

Abstract A series of controlled high explosive shots were conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, to investigate seismic decoupling theories. Two recording stations were used by the University of Michigan at various distances between 1.1 and 14.7 kilometers for a majority of these shots. Frequency analyses of the magnetic tape recordings were made and the results are presented showing the relationship of the frequency spectra as a function of charge size, distance from the source, and coupled vs decoupled shots. The smaller decoupled shots detonated in the large spherical cavities were observed to have somewhat higher predominate frequencies than the equivalent size coupled shots. A change in cavity size produced no significant difference in the shape of the spectra of the large decoupled shots.
Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cirrhosis Patients Pose Similar Risks of Bleeding When Compared to Traditional Anticoagulation

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are important new anticoagulant therapies that are not well studied in patients with chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to compare rates of bleeding in cirrhosis patients treated with DOAC (factor Xa inhibitors: rivaroxaban and apixaban) to those in cirrhosis patients treated with traditional anticoagulation (warfarin and low molecular weight heparin). We identified a total of 39 patients with cirrhosis who received anticoagulation therapy over a 3-year period (20 DOAC and 19 traditional anticoagulation) from a research database. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical data to compare between the groups. Clinical characteristics between the two groups were similar. There were three documented bleeding events in the traditional anticoagulation group and four bleeding events in the DOAC group (p = 0.9). There were two major bleeding events in the traditional anticoagulation group and one major bleeding event in the DOAC group. There were no documented reports of drug-induced liver injury during this study period. Among all patients, no significant predictors of bleeding were identified using univariate regression and Cox proportional hazard modeling. This is the first clinical study evaluating the use of DOAC in patients with cirrhosis. DOAC display similar safety characteristics when compared to traditional anticoagulation in patients with cirrhosis and are potentially attractive agents for anticoagulation therapy. Larger studies are now needed to better understand the safety and efficacy of these agents in cirrhosis.
Low tryptophan uptake in contrast-enhancing lesions predicts long-term survival in patients with a previously treated glioblastoma: A pet study

WCN 2013 No: 868 Topic: 36 — Other topic Low tryptophan uptake in contrast-enhancing lesions predicts long-term survival in patients with a previously treated glioblastoma: A pet study C. Juhasz, D.O. Kamson, N.L. Robinette, O. Muzik, P.K. Chakraborty, G.R. Barger, S. Mittal. Neurology and Pediatrics, Wayne State University, USA; PET Center and Translational Imaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital ofMichigan, USA; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Neurology,Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA Background: MRI has limited prognostic value in patients with a previously treated glioblastoma. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with alpha[C]methyl-L-tryptophan (AMT), a radiotracer tracking tryptophan transport and metabolism via the immunosuppressive kynurenine pathway, can effectively differentiate glioma recurrence from radiation injury. Objective: To evaluate the prognostic value of AMT uptake measured on post-treatment PET in patients with glioblastoma treated with surgery followed by chemoradiation. Patients and methods: AMT-PET was performed in 32 patients (mean age: 60 years) with a previously treated glioblastoma. The PET scans were done 6–62 months after initial surgery after MRI demonstrated a contrast-enhancing lesion suspicious for tumor progression. AMT uptake values were measured (on summed activity images 30–55 min after tracer injection) in contrast-enhancing regions and contralateral cortex, and correlated with survival after PET. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff threshold to predict 1-year survival. Results: At the end of follow-up, 23 patients were deceased and 9 alive (for up to 83 months). A cutoff threshold of 1.65 for lesion/cortex AMT uptake ratios provided 82% sensitivity/specificity for 1-year survival after PET. Age-corrected Cox regression analysis showed a strong association between above-threshold AMT uptake ratios and shorter survival (odds-ratio: 4.3 [1.5–12.5], p = 0.005). Below-threshold AMT uptake ratios (n = 13) were associated with an additional year median survival compared to patients with high ratios (618 days vs. 257 days). Conclusion: Low AMT uptake on PET, measured in contrast-enhancing lesions suspicious for tumor progression, predicts long-term survival in patients with a previously treated glioblastoma. doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2139 Abstract — WCN 2013 No: 1131 Topic: 36 — Other topic Sleep curtailment is associated with altered autonomic tonus in normal-weight individuals W. Moraes, D. Poyares, L. Bittencourt, S. Tufik. Sleep Medicine, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil; Psychobiology, UNIFESP,
Daily Rhythm in Flight and Development of the Corn Leaf Aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis

Daily flight activity of the corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), peaked between 0600 and 1000 hours and again between 1800 and 2200 hours in continuous light at 20°C and 60–80% RH. Under 12 hours of light from 0800 to 2000 hours that portion of aphids normally flying between 2000 and 2200 hours was prevented from flying until 0800 hours the following day. Counts of aphids molting, including newly formed alates, also showed a daily rhythm for the 8-hour period from 0800 to 1600 hours. Fluctuations in numbers recorded during the day for new aphids produced also provided a similar type curve for the period from 0800 to 1800 hours.
The labeling in vivo of monoamine oxidase by 14 C-pargyline: a tool for studying the synthesis of the enzyme.

Pargyline (N-methyl-N-2-propynylbenzylamine), an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase in vitro, was found to bind irreversibly to the enzyme in vivo. The apparent covalent nature of the latter binding was established by exhaustive washing and treatment of the protein with trichloracetic acid. The inhibitor was selective for monoamine oxidase in vivo as well as in vitro, which permitted the determination of the turnover rates of monoaminse oxidase in various subcellular fractions of rat liver. The half-life of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase was approximately 3.5 days, as determined by the rate of recovery of enzyme activity or by the decay of radioactivity after administration of sufficient 7-14C-pargyline to inhibit the enzyme completely. Similarly, the half-life of microsomal monoamine oxidase was found to be approximately 1 day. Evidence is presented suggesting that radioactively labeled, inactive monoaminse oxidase may be taken up by lysosomes. Cycloheximide completely prevented the recovery of monoamine oxidase activity in the microsomal fractions and markedly inhibited the rate of recovery of enzyme activity in the mitochondrial fractions.
Retrieving Kierkegaard for the Post-9/11 Occasion

In the case of Soren Kierkegaard, what compelled my profound interest was his revolutionary rejection of the panoptic perspective of the Christian Church that rendered its “faithful” subjects servants of a Higher Cause in favor of a vocation that assigned the individual to his/her radically finite self. Equally important, it was the recognition that such an existential perspective was dependent on the need for a constant awareness of that easier transcendental domain that one had to give up to accept such an agonizing assignment to oneself.
Chemical shift assignments of the connexin37 carboxyl terminal domain.

Connexin37 (Cx37) is a gap junction protein involved in cell-to-cell communication in the vasculature and other tissues. Cx37 suppresses proliferation of vascular cells involved in tissue development and repair in vivo, as well as tumor cells. Global deletion of Cx37 in mice leads to enhanced vasculogenesis in development, as well as collateralgenesis and angiogenesis in response to injury, which together support improved tissue remodeling and recovery following ischemic injury. Here we report the 1H, 15N, and 13C resonance assignments for an important regulatory domain of Cx37, the carboxyl terminus (CT; C233-V333). The predicted secondary structure of the Cx37CT domain based on the chemical shifts is that of an intrinsically disordered protein. In the 1H–15N HSQC, N-terminal residues S254-Y259 displayed a second weaker peak and residues E261-Y266 had significant line broadening. These residues are flanked by prolines (P250, P258, P260, and P268), suggesting proline cis–trans isomerization. Overall, these assignments will be useful for identifying the binding sites for intra- and inter-molecular interactions that affect Cx37 channel activity.
Two-Dimensional Materials as Prospective Scaffolds for Mixed-Matrix Membrane-Based CO2 Separation

Membrane-based CO2 separation technology plays a significant role in environmental remediation and clean energy. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with atomically precise structures have emerged as prospective scaffolds to develop mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) for gas separation. Summarized in this perspective review are the latest breakthrough studies in the synthesis of 2D-material-based MMMs to separate CO2 from gas mixtures. 2D materials including graphene oxide (GO), metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived nanosheets, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), as fascinating building blocks, have been comprehensively summarized, together with a focus on synthetic processes and gas separation properties. Challenges and the latest advances in the manufacture of novel synthetic 2D materials are briefly discussed to foresee emerging opportunities for the development of new generations of 2D-material-based MMMs.
A systematic review on sperm DNA fragmentation in male factor infertility: Laboratory assessment.

Objective: To review sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) testing as an important sperm function test in addition to conventional semen analysis. High SDF is negatively associated with semen quality, the ...
Multi-scenario use case based demonstration of Buildings Cybersecurity Framework webtool

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the cybersecurity and software capabilities of Buildings Cybersecurity Framework (BCF) webtool. The webtool is designed based on BCF document and existing NIST standards. Its capabilities and features are depicted through a building use-case with four different investment scenarios geared towards improving the cybersecurity posture of the building. BCF webtool also facilitates implementation of the goals outlined in Presidential Executive Order (EO) on Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Critical Infrastructure (May 2017. In realization of the EO goals, BCF includes five core elements: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover, to help determine various policy and process level vulnerabilities and provide mitigation strategies. With the BCF webtool, an organization can perform a cybersecurity self-assessment; determine the current cybersecurity posture; define investment based goals to achieve a target state; connect the cybersecurity posture with business processes, functions, and continuity; and finally, develop plans to answer critical organizational cybersecurity questions. In this paper, the webtool and its core capabilities are depicted by performing an extensive comparative assessment over four different scenarios.
Infant Hospitalizations and Mortality After Maternal Vaccination

Background The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices currently recommends pregnant women receive influenza and tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines. There are limited studies of the long-term safety in infants for vaccines administered during pregnancy. We evaluate whether maternal receipt of influenza and Tdap vaccines increases the risk of infant hospitalization or death in the first 6 months of life. Methods We included singleton, live birth pregnancies in the Vaccine Safety Datalink between 2004 and 2014. Outcomes were infant hospitalizations and mortality in the first 6 months of life. We performed a case-control study matching case patients and controls 1:1 and used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for maternal exposure to influenza and/or Tdap vaccines in pregnancy. Results There were 413 034 live births in our population. Of these, 25 222 infants had hospitalizations and 157 infants died in the first 6 months of life. We found no association between infant hospitalization and maternal influenza (adjusted odds ratio: 1.00; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96-1.04) or Tdap (adjusted odds ratio: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.88-1.01) vaccinations. We found no association between infant mortality and maternal influenza (adjusted odds ratio: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.54-1.69) or Tdap (adjusted odds ratio: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.17-1.13) vaccinations. Conclusions We found no association between vaccination during pregnancy and risk of infant hospitalization or death in the first 6 months of life. These findings support the safety of current recommendations for influenza and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy.
Assessing gender differences in the relationship between religious coping responses and alcohol consumption

The purpose of this study is to see if the use of religious coping responses is associated with alcohol intake. In addition, tests are conducted to see if the relationship between religion and alco...
TrueWeb: A Proposal for Scalable Semantically-Guided Data Management and Truth Finding in Heterogeneous Web Sources

We envision a responsible web environment, termed TrueWeb, where a user should be able to find out whether any sentence he or she encounters in the web is true or false. The user should be able to track the provenance of any sentence or paragraph in the web. The target of TrueWeb is to compose factual knowledge from Internet resources about any subject of interest and present the collected knowledge in chronological order and distribute facts spatially and temporally as well as assign some belief factor for each fact. Another important target of TrueWeb is to be able to identify whether a statement in the Internet is true or false. The aim is to create an Internet infrastructure that, for each piece of published information, will be able to identify the truthfulness (or the degree of truthfulness) of that piece of information.
Nuclei detection and segmentation of fluorescence microscopy images using three dimensional convolutional neural networks

Recent advance in fluorescence microscopy enables acquisition of 3D image volumes with better quality and deeper penetration into tissue. In this paper, we describe a 3D method which can detect and segment nuclei in fluorescence microscopy images using convolutional neural networks (CNN). For nuclei detection, a 3D adaptive histogram equalization, a 3D distance transform, and a 3D classification CNN are used to find centers of nuclei. For nuclei segmentation, a 3D segmentation CNN is used which is trained from automatically generated synthetic microscopy volumes and their synthetic ground truth volumes. Our method outperforms other 3D segmentation methods and can detect nuclei successfully on multiple data sets.
Applying RBF Neural Nets for Position Control of an Inter/Scara Robot

This paper describes experimental results applying artificial neural networks to perform the position control of a real scara manipulator robot. The general control strategy consists of a neural controller that operates in parallel with a conventional controller based on the feedback error learning architecture. The main advantage of this architecture is that it does not require any modification of the previous conventional controller algorithm. MLP and RBF neural networks trained on-line have been used, without requiring any previous knowledge about the system to be controlled. These approach has performed very successfully, with better results obtained with the RBF networks when compared to PID and sliding mode positional controllers.
Sound and Complete Propositional Nonmonotonic Logic of Hierarchically-Minimal Models

The subject of this talk is the semantics of stratified logic programs with negation in clauses’ bodies. We present a sound and complete resolution based method for iterative evaluation of queries to such programs by means of, what we call, an indefinite modeling. To avoid unnecessary complications, we focus on propositional programs with two strata, although our method preserves the soundness and completeness when extended over clausal fragments of first-order languages and programs with arbitrary number of strata.
Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus traditional cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: Symptomatic and behavioral outcomes

Abstract Only two trials have compared acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and traditional cognitive behavior therapy (tCBT) in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD), with both finding no significant differences. These trials did not examine effects on observer-rated behavioral outcomes and did not explicitly quantify the dose of exposure therapy within each treatment. In a replication trial, one hundred and two individuals with SAD (per DSM-IV criteria) were randomized to 12 sessions of ACT (n = 49) or tCBT (n = 53) controlling for exposure dose and assessing behavioral outcomes. Assessments were completed at pre- and post-treatment using clinician-rated and self-report measures of social anxiety, quality of life, and overall functioning. Observer-rated behavioral measures of social performance were completed for a subsample of participants. Results indicated that participants across conditions received equivalent doses of exposure. Those who received tCBT evidenced greater improvements in self-reported social anxiety symptoms and overall functioning, which contrasts with prior studies finding no differences between tCBT and ACT in the treatment of social anxiety. Medium effect sizes, while not statistically significant, indicate that ACT participants may have had greater improvements in observer-rated social behavior than tCBT participants. The discrepancy between these symptom and behavioral outcomes, building upon prior literature, calls for more research to assess the differences between tCBT and ACT treatments in behavioral domains.
TCT-805 Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Percutaneous Ventricular Septal Rupture Closure in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction in the United States

Data regarding the utilization and outcomes of percutaneous closure of ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in the United States are lacking. We queried the National Inpatient Sample 2006-2014 to identify STEMI hospitalizations in adult
Carbon Monoxide Gas Diffusion Electrolysis that Produces Concentrated C2 Products with High Single-Pass Conversion

Summary Electrochemical CO conversion is critical for the development of alternative fuel and chemical syntheses. To be efficient, electrosynthesis must make concentrated product streams at high rates with modest potentials, but the combination of these features has not been established for CO or the related CO2 electrolysis. Here we investigate CO electrolysis with gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) supplied by interdigitated flow fields in electrochemical cells with different ion transport properties. By optimizing gas and ion transport, we show that it is possible to simultaneously achieve high current density, high selectivity, and high single-pass conversion at moderate cell potentials. Using a cell with the GDE directly contacting a Nafion membrane, we demonstrate >100 mA cm−2 CO reduction to C2 products and direct production of 1.1 M acetate at a cell potential of 2.4 V over 24 hr. Our results reveal critical design features for maximizing the efficiency of C2 electrosynthesis.
Characteristics, treatments, and survival outcome of mantle cell lymphoma in women: A single center analysis.

e19559 Background: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma that predominately occurs in middle-age to elderly Caucasian males with a male to female ratio of 3:1. With this male pr...
The Enthappy of Formation of Cubic Boron Nitride

The massic energies of combustion in fluorine of two specimens of cubic boron nitride have been measured in a bomb calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation Δ r H 0 m (c-BN, cr, 298.15 K) = -254.6′1.5 and the enthalpy of polymorphic transition Δ t r s H 0 m (298.15 K) = -3.5′1.5 of the process: h-BN (cr) → c-BN (cr) have been determined. Those quantities are compared with the values determined previously.
Task Interference from Event-Based Intentions Can Be Material Specific

Task interference occurs in prospective memory tasks when an intention deleteriously affects performance on an ongoing activity in some way. Several studies have shown that task interference can manifest itself in slower latencies to perform an ongoing task. Recent evidence demonstrates that associating intentions to certain performance contexts affects prospective memory performance (see, e.g., Cook, Marsh, & Hicks, 2005). In the present study, an intention was associated with a particular stimulus class, such as pictures or words. We found that task interference could be reduced when participants could reliably predict that the material about to be processed was irrelevant to the intention. This material- specific interference effect was found on a trial-by-trial basis in a random sequence of two different kinds of materials across two experiments and with blocking manipulation in another experiment. These results demonstrate that task interference is not a monolithic construct; rather, it results from dynamic and flexible attentional allocation strategies that can change on a trial-by-trial basis.
Do Conservation Practices Bring Quick Changes to Key Soil Properties for Resource-Limited Farmers?

Soil conservation practices such as minimum tillage, crop rotation, cover crops, and manure application have strong advocacy. Short-term evidence that these practices are beneficial might improve their adoption by resource-limited producers. A two-year study (2015–2017) was conducted on a privately-owned small, limited-resource farm in southwestern Kentucky to evaluate how cover crops and manure application, alone or in combination, influenced soil nutrient availability, nitrogen mineralization, and crop yield. Three fertilization treatments were used: 1) poultry manure; 2) chemical fertilizers (urea, diammonium phosphate, and potash); and 3) a non-fertilized control. A second set of treatments consisting of presence or absence of winter cover crop was used within each fertilization treatment. The cover crop consisted of a cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) mix. Summer crops consisted of a no-till maize (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. Soil samples were taken before and after each summer crop season and analyzed for bulk density, organic carbon content, pH, cation exchange capacity, total phosphorus (P), potassium (K), trace elements, and soil nitrogen (N) mineralization. Cover crops with or without manure enhanced soil N mineralization rates and increased soil extractable P and K, but did not significantly improve yield. Considering the site-specific soil conditions, cover crop and manure use may need longer-term assessment to reveal their effect on the yield and soil quality benefits, especially to resource-limited producers adopting these conservation practices.
A 6.25 mW, +21 dBm OIP3, 0.85 dB NF, 2.5 GHz LNA Employing High Self Gain Device in $0.13 \mu \mathrm{m}$ SOI Technology

In this paper, significant improvement in cascode LNA performance is demonstrated by using a new high self gain (HSG) common gate (CG) transistor. Emphasis has been on making the output conductance $g_{ds}$ lower and flatter with drain bias. A prototype cascode LNA is designed and fabricated using the developed HSG device in state-of-the-art 0.13 RF SOI technology. Thanks to the HSG device, more than +5 dBm input inter-modulation product (IIP3) improvement is seen in measurements. Very high gain of 19.5 dB at 2.5 GHz with IIP3 value of +1.5 dBm are seen in measurements. Due to optimized transistor sizing, the designed LNA operates at low power of 6.25 mW where 5.2 mA of current is drawn from 1.2 V supply. With integrated high quality factor inductors on high resistivity SOI substrate, the LNA also demonstrates very low noise figure of 0.85 dB. Furthermore, excellent correlation between model simulations and measurements is demonstrated.
The Elusive Understanding of Lyme Disease in Non-Endemic Geographic Areas: An Exploratory Survey of Patients With Chronic Symptoms in Texas.

This study was designed to determine the quality of life, diagnostic, and illness-related experiences of patients who self-report a diagnosis with Lyme disease (LD) and/or who are experiencing chro...
Applying remote sensing to biodiversity science

Biodiversity is organized hierarchically from individuals to populations to major lineages in the tree of life. This hierarchical structure has consequences for remote sensing of plant phenotypes and leads to the expectation that more distantly related plants will be more spectrally distinct. Applying remote sensing to understand ecological processes from biodiversity patterns builds on prior efforts that integrate functional and phylogenetic information of organisms with their environmental distributions to discern assembly processes and the rules that govern species distributions. Spectral diversity metrics critical to detecting biodiversity patterns expand on the many metrics for quantifying multiple dimensions of biodiversity—taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional—and can be applied at local (alpha diversity) to regional (gamma diversity) scales to examine variation among communities (beta diversity). Remote-sensing technologies stand to illuminate the nature of biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships and ecosystem service trade-offs over large spatial extents and to estimate their uncertainties. Such advances will improve our capacity to manage natural resources in the Anthropocene.
Financial Performance of Hospitals in the Appalachian Region Under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program

Purpose The Hospital Readmission and Reduction Program (HRRP) and Hospital Value-Based Purchasing Program (HVBP) propose to improve quality of patient care by either rewarding or penalizing hospitals through inpatient reimbursement. This study analyzes the effect of both programs on profitability of hospitals located in the Appalachian Region (AR) compared to hospitals in Appalachian states and the rest of the United States. Methods This study used a retrospective research design with a longitudinal unbalanced panel dataset from 2008 to 2015. Hospitals participating in both HRRP and HVBP during this time frame were included in the study. A difference-in-difference model with hospital-level fixed effects, controlling for hospital and market characteristics, was used to determine effects of both programs on profitability of hospitals serving the AR, Appalachian states, and the rest of the United States. Findings After implementation of HRRP and HVBP, only hospitals located in Appalachian states experienced a significant decrease in operating margin (-1.14 percentage points). Unexpectedly, during the same time period, total margin increased significantly for hospitals located in the AR (1.05 percentage points), Appalachian states (1.71 percentage points), and the rest of the United States (2.38 percentage points). Conclusions HRRP and HVBP financially incentivize hospitals to focus efforts on improving patient care. The programs may not have the anticipated results. Increases in total margin for all hospitals during the study period indicate access to nonpatient revenues, offsetting the financial penalties from both programs. This revenue source may undermine the program's objectives of delivering value and achieving quality outcomes.
Steady-state nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory and the quantum Boltzman

We derive the formalism for steady state nonequilibrium dynamical mean-field theory in a real-time formalism along the Kadanoff-Baym contour. The resulting equations of motion are first transformed to Wigner coordinates (average and relative time), and then re-expressed in terms of differential operators. Finally, we perform a Fourier transform with respect to the relative time, and take the first-order limit in the electric field to produce the quantum Boltzmann equation for dynamical mean-field theory. We next discuss the structure of the equations and their solutions, describing how these equations reduce to the Drude result in the limit of a constant relaxation time. We also explicitly demonstrate the equivalence between the Kubo and nonequilibrium approaches to linear response. There are a number of interesting modifications of the conventional quantum Boltzmann equation that arise due to the underlying bandstructure of the lattice.
Effect of Donor Diet on In Vitro Digestibility of Forages by Fecal Inoculate

ABSTRACT Previous research indicates equine fecal inoculates produce comparable results to cecal fluid when used for in vitro procedures to analyze dry matter digestibility (DMD). Equine hindgut microbial communities represented in fecal samples have been shown to be affected by diet. The study's objective was to determine the effect of the donor diet on in vitro DMD when fecal donors were fed high starch, or high fiber diets. Six Quarter Horses were used in a crossover design to compare the effects of a grain versus forage diet on in vitro digestion of forages ranging from: CP 7.7 to 16.4 %DM, NDF 53 to 72 %DM. Feces from each horse were obtained on day 22 of each period and used to inoculate in vitro fermentation vessels in order to evaluate the effect of donor diet on the DMD, neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber digestibility (ADFD) of four forages. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS to evaluate digestibility differences in the diet by forage composition interaction. Fecal samples from horses on the grain diet promoted higher NDFD of forages with high NDF and low CP when CP and NDF were used as covariates (P = .04 and .03). There was a horse effect on DMD and NDFD (P ≤ .05). Findings suggest diet may influence the hindgut microbiome's ability to digest neutral detergent fiber and should be considered when selecting equine fecal samples for in vitro digestion procedures.
A Relativistic and Electromagnetic Correction to the Ramo–Shockley Theorem

The classical Ramo–Shockley (RS) theorem gives the current induced on perfect conductors by the motion of nearby charges, assuming nonrelativistic motion of those charges in electrostatic fields. This article illustrates how relativistic and electromagnetic effects modify RS in some simple examples. Specifically, we present explicit, closed form analytic solutions of Maxwell’s equations for the induced current distribution on perfectly conducting plates due to the motion of a line charge moving parallel and perpendicular to the plates. The results have been verified by several methods, including particle-in-cell simulations. They are compared with the classical electrostatic theory used to derive RS. New insights into the limitation and validity of RS are provided. Electromagnetic shocks are explicitly calculated in closed form when the line charge strikes a parallel plate transmission line.
SU-F-303-11: Implementation and Applications of Rapid, SIFT-Based Cine MR Image Binning and Region Tracking

Purpose: To develop a novel and rapid, SIFT-based algorithm for assessing feature motion on cine MR images acquired during MRI-guided radiotherapy treatments. In particular, we apply SIFT descriptors toward both partitioning cine images into respiratory states and tracking regions across frames. Methods: Among a training set of images acquired during a fraction, we densely assign SIFT descriptors to pixels within the images. We cluster these descriptors across all frames in order to produce a dictionary of trackable features. Associating the best-matching descriptors at every frame among the training images to these features, we construct motion traces for the features. We use these traces to define respiratory bins for sorting images in order to facilitate robust pixel-by-pixel tracking. Instead of applying conventional methods for identifying pixel correspondences across frames we utilize a recently-developed algorithm that derives correspondences via a matching objective for SIFT descriptors. Results: We apply these methods to a collection of lung, abdominal, and breast patients. We evaluate the procedure for respiratory binning using target sites exhibiting high-amplitude motion among 20 lung and abdominal patients. In particular, we investigate whether these methods yield minimal variation between images within a bin by perturbing the resulting image distributions among bins. Moreover, we compare the motion between averaged images across respiratory states to 4DCT data for these patients. We evaluate the algorithm for obtaining pixel correspondences between frames by tracking contours among a set of breast patients. As an initial case, we track easily-identifiable edges of lumpectomy cavities that show minimal motion over treatment. Conclusions: These SIFT-based methods reliably extract motion information from cine MR images acquired during patient treatments. While we performed our analysis retrospectively, the algorithm lends itself to prospective motion assessment. Applications of these methods include motion assessment, identifying treatment windows for gating, and determining optimal margins for treatment.
A Computational Feature Analysis for Multilingual Character-to-Character Dialogue

Natural language generation systems to date have concentrated on the tasks of explanation generation, tutorial dialogue, automated software documentation, and similar technical tasks. A largely unexplored area is narrative prose generation, or the production of texts used in stories such as novels, mysteries, and fairy tales. We present a feature analysis of one complex area of NLG found in narrative prose but not in technical generation tasks: character-to-character dialogue. This analysis has enabled us to modify a surface realization system to include the necessary features that dialogue requires and thus to write the types of texts found in narratives.