cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How much light reaches the retina

There are three major prereceptoral factors governing the amount of light reaching the retina: pupil area, lens optical density and the optical density of the macular pigment. Standardized tabulations are available for each of these factors. These standard tabulations represent well the characteristics of an average observer and thus have application in modelling the behavior of a representative observer. In recent years significant advances have been made in the understanding of receptoral and postreceptoral retinal mechanisms, and it is now feasible to characterize aspects of these processes in individual observers from a relatively limited amount of psychophysical data. This communication addresses the question: are average tabulations for pupil, lens and macular pigment applicable to individual observers or is individual variability so great that independent assessment of these factors need be obtained?
Political Tug-of-War and Pediatric Residency Funding

The recent government shutdown led to effective defunding of the Children's Hospitals Graduate Medical Education (CHGME) Payment Program. The funding lapse highlights the danger of subjecting GME funding to a politicized process.
Moonshot to Malawi

From a low-income country like Malawi, it can be difficult to appreciate the tangible fruits of a decades-long international war on cancer. Shooting for the moon in cancer science is important, but so is shooting for a world that is just and equitable.
Perinephric Abscess 19 Years After an Intentional Ureteral Ligation

AbstractA case of a perinephric abscess as a result of intentional ureteral ligation 19 years previously is presented.
The Promotion of Character through Youth Development Programs: A View of the Issues

Contemporary developmental theories suggest that out-of-school-time (OST) youth development programs may be an important context for character development and education because of the positive, mutually influential relations between youth and adult leaders found in exemplary instantiations of such programs. Although still in its early stages, research about this role of OST programs, including evaluations of specific programs, is beginning to burgeon in relation to increased interest in person-context models of human development, the fact that each of tens of millions of American youth participate in several OST programs each year, and heightened emphasis among scientists, educators, and policy makers about the importance of promoting character among the diverse youth of the nation. Both to reflect the state-of-the art and in the hope of promoting further research progress, the articles in this special section describe how the attributes of young people and the features of the OST programs youth development in which they participate may link together in promotion of character development.
Heritage inventories: promoting effectiveness as a vital tool for sustainable heritage management

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify key elements of what makes an inventory program effective for cultural heritage conservation and management. It is hoped that it will spur discussion among heritage professionals about increasing the effectiveness of inventory programs. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reflects on more than a decade of experience with the establishment of heritage surveys and inventories at national and citywide scales in the Middle East and North America, and through site-based heritage management projects. In addition, it reflects on engagement with international professionals involved with heritage inventories. Findings – Heritage inventories are permanent, ongoing records that require long-term institutional resource commitments. To be effective for heritage management, inventory programs should be established with links to heritage legislation, built upon data standards, and maintain dedicated personnel, programs of activity, and systems on an ongoing basis. ...
Aggregate Insider Trading and the Predictability of Market Returns: Contrarian Strategy or Managerial Timing?

We decompose realized market returns into expected return, unexpected cash flow news and unexpected discount rate news to test the relation between aggregate market returns and aggregate insider trading. Our motivation is to distinguish whether the observed relation between market returns and insider trading is due to contrarian strategy or managerial timing. We find that (1) the predictive ability of aggregate insider trading is much stronger than what was reported in earlier studies (2) aggregate insider trading is strongly related to unexpected cash-flow news and (3) market expectations do not cause insider trading, contrary to what others have documented. These results strongly suggest that the predictive ability of aggregate insider trading is because of managerial timing rather than contrarian strategy. These results hold even after we control for information uncertainty by using firm size as proxies.
Compressible integral representation of rotational and axisymmetric rocket flow

This work focuses on the development of a semi-analytical model that is appropriate for the rotational, steady, inviscid, and compressible motion of an ideal gas, which is accelerated uniformly along the length of a right-cylindrical rocket chamber. By overcoming some of the difficulties encountered in previous work on the subject, the present analysis leads to an improved mathematical formulation, which enables us to retrieve an exact solution for the pressure field. Considering a slender porous chamber of circular cross-section, the method that we follow reduces the problem’s mass, momentum, energy, ideal gas, and isentropic relations to a single integral equation that is amenable to a direct numerical evaluation. Then, using an Abel transformation, exact closed-form representations of the pressure distribution are obtained for particular values of the specific heat ratio. Throughout this effort, Saint-Robert’s power law is used to link the pressure to the mass injection rate at the wall. This allows us to compare the results associated with the axisymmetric chamber configuration to two closed-form analytical solutions developed under either one- or two-dimensional, isentropic flow conditions. The comparison is carried out assuming, first, a uniformly distributed mass flux and, second, a constant radial injection speed along the simulated propellant grain. Our amended formulation is consequently shown to agree with a one-dimensional solution obtained for the case of uniform wall mass flux, as well as numerical simulations and asymptotic approximations for a constant wall injection speed. The numerical simulations include three particular models: a strictly inviscid solver, which closely agrees with the present formulation, and both – and Spalart–Allmaras computations.
442. Developing Polymeric Bio-Scaffolds That Increase the Efficacy of Stem Cell-Mediated Therapy for Brain Tumors

Engineered stem cell (SC)-based therapy holds enormous promise for treating the incurable brain cancer glioblastoma (GBM). Retaining the cytotoxic SCs in the surgical cavity after GBM resection is one of the greatest challenges to this approach. In this study, we describe a biocompatible electrospun nanofibrous scaffold (bENS) implant capable of delivering and retaining tumor-homing cytotoxic stem cells that suppress recurrence of post-surgical GBM. As a new approach to GBM therapy, we created poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) bENS bearing drug-releasing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We discovered that bENS-based implant increased hMSC retention in the surgical cavity 5-fold and prolonged persistence 3-fold compared to standard direct injection using our mouse model of GBM surgical resection/recurrence. Time-lapse imaging showed cytotoxic hMSC/bENS treatment killed co-cultured human GBM cells, and allowed hMSCs to rapidly migrate off the scaffolds as they homed to GBMs. In vivo, bENS loaded with hMSCs releasing the anti-tumor protein TRAIL (bENSsTR) reduced the volume of established GBM xenografts 3-fold. Mimicking clinical GBM patient therapy, lining the post-operative GBM surgical cavity with bENSsTR implants inhibited the re-growth of residual GBM foci 2.3-fold and prolonged post-surgical median survival from 13.5 to 31 days in mice. These results suggest that nanofibrous-based SC therapies could be an innovative new approach to improve the outcomes of patients suffering from terminal brain cancer.View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
The Hiring Process Matters: The Role of Person-Job and Person-Organization Fit in Teacher Satisfaction.

Purpose: Teachers’ satisfaction with their jobs has reached the lowest point in 25 years. One contributing factor is when teachers experience information-poor hiring processes and do not obtain an accurate preview of their positions, their person–organization (P-O) fit, and person–job (P-J) fit. Sparked by a renewed focus on the variables that can influence teacher satisfaction, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among accurate job preview, P-O and P-J fit, and job satisfaction among teachers. Research Approach: Drawing on existing literature, a mediation model was hypothesized. Using existing data collected by the Center for Research, Evaluation, and Advancement of Teacher Education, a structural equation model was tested with a sample of 729 newly hired teachers. Specifically addressed was the extent to which P-O and P-J fit mediated the relationship between accurate job preview and satisfaction. Findings: Accurate job preview predicted future P-O and P-J fit. Higher levels of P-...
MEASUREMENT OF MET-ENKEPHALIN(ARG6, PHE7) IN RAT BRAIN BY SPECIFIC RADIOIMMUNOASSAY DIRECTED AT METHIONINE SULPHOXIDE ENKEPHALIN (ARG6, PHE7)

An antiserum was raised in rabbits against the methoxide form of methionine enkephalin (arg6, phe7) and this was used to provide a sensitive and specific assay for the oxidised heptapeptide. Rat brain samples were extracted, oxidised with H2O2 and measured in this assay. Chromatography of extracts prior to assay confirmed that this procedure provides a sensitive method for the measurement of endogenous met-enkephalin (arg6, phe7). Assay of selected rat brain regions shows that the distribution of this heptapeptide follows that of met-enkephalin.
Femoral shaft osteotomy for obligate outward rotation due to SCFE

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is an adolescent disease that leads to retroversion of the femoral neck and shaft, relative to the head. Observing that patients with SCFE must walk with an outward foot progression angle and externally rotate the leg in order to flex the hip, we have been performing a femoral shaft rotational osteotomy wherein we rotate the lower femur 45° inward, relative to the upper femur. By correcting retroversion, our goal is to improve functional hip and knee motion, thereby mitigating the effects of SCFE impingement. This is a retrospective review of five hips in four patients (two boys and two girls), average age 14.7 years (range 11 + 7-18 years) who underwent femoral midshaft rotational osteotomy for correction of acquired retroversion of the femur secondary to severe SCFE. We compared clinical findings at the outset to those at an average follow-up of 46 months (range 24-74 months). Pre- and post-gait analysis was performed in three patients. Two of the patients underwent elective arthroscopic osteochondroplasty to alleviate residual FAI: contralateral arthroscopy is pending in one. The first patient in this series received a hip arthroplasty, 62 months after his osteotomy, at age 23. Following midshaft osteotomy, all patients experienced improvement in comfort, gait and activities of daily living. With the patella neutral, they had improved range of hip flexion from an average preoperative flexion of 90°. Two patients (both male) had delayed union and some loss of correction, secondary to broken interlocking screws; each healed with reamed, exchange nailing. The interlocking screws have since been redesigned and enlarged. Femoral shaft rotational osteotomy restores the functional range of hip motion, while correcting obligate out-toeing and improving knee kinematics. This procedure is technically straightforward, permitting progressive weight bearing, while avoiding the risk of AVN. Osteochondroplasty for residual FAI can be deferred, pending the outcome. Level of evidence III: retrospective series-no controls.
Walking the Talk: Organizational Sensegiving in the Aftermath of Misconduct

Drawing from the sensemaking and sensegiving literatures, this study examines a model of organizational misconduct that describes how media response is a function of what the firm does (i.e., corre...
Effect of strong coupling on photodegradation of the p3ht semiconducting polymer

We have studied photodegradation of the semiconducting polymer p3ht in the resonant cavity and the control samples. The nearly three-fold reduction of the reaction rate is attributed to the strong polymer-cavity coupling.
Access-related complications

Endodontic access is the first mechanical step of root canal therapy, and its importance is often underestimated, that is, until something goes wrong. With proper case selection and risk assessment, it should be possible to minimize the risk of access-related complications. Recognition of the variables associated with complications, both tooth related and patient related, during the history and diagnosis phase is a critical element of prevention and successful treatment. The purpose of this chapter is to present some useful tools for risk assessment and describe strategies for successful endodontic access.
Viscous Creep of Gold Wires Near the Melting Point

Gold wires, 5 mil in diam, are found to creep viscously up to approximately 5.5×105 dynes per sq cm around 1300°K. Beyond this point, an additional slip mechanism appears. The average coefficient in the viscous range at these temperatures is 18.9 ± 7×1012 poises. This observation and other visual observations made during the experiments agree with Herring’s predictions.
Institutions and Emissions Trading in China

Variation in the extent of state control in industry may affect China's efforts to establish a national emissions trading system (ETS) capable of supporting the implementation of the country's CO2 intensity reduction goals through 2030. This paper examines interactions between state control and an ETS, and identifies a tension in its design in China: state-controlled firms most likely to comply with the system may operate in the least market-oriented settings. Establishing a comprehensive and cost-effective ETS may require addressing potential barriers to participation and compliance in the domestic private sector, while increasingly exposing state-controlled firms to market forces.
Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration (CARTO): An Alternative Treatment Option for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy.

Overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) is a serious complication of liver dysfunction, which is associated with severe morbidity/mortality and healthcare resource utilization. OHE can be medically refractory due to spontaneous portosystemic shunts (SPSSs) and therefore a new treatment option for these SPSSs is critical. This is a retrospective study of 43 patients with medically refractory OHE, who underwent CARTO (Coil-Assisted Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration) procedures between June 2012 and October 2016. The patient demographic characteristics, technical and clinical outcomes with an emphasis on HE improvement, and complications are reviewed and analyzed. The overall clinical success rate was 91% with a significant HE improvement. Eighty-one percent of patients had clinically significant improvement from OHE and 67% of patients had complete resolution of their HE symptoms during our follow-up period of 893 ± 585 days (range 36–1881 days, median 755.0 days). The median WH score improved from 3 (range 2–4) pre-CARTO to 1 (range 0–4) post-CARTO (p < 0.001). The median ammonia level significantly decreased from 134.5 pre-CARTO to 70.0 post-CARTO (p < 0.001) in 3 days. The overall mean survival was 1465.5 days (95% CI of 1243.0 and 1688.0 days). Only three patients had recurrent HE symptoms. There were 39.6% minor complication rate including new or worsened ascites and esophageal varices, and only 2.3% major complication rate requiring additional treatment (one patient with bleeding esophageal varices requiring treatment). No procedure-related death is noted. CARTO appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for refractory overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) due to spontaneous portosystemic shunts. CARTO could be an excellent addition to currently available treatment options for these patients.
Patients' shifting goals for deep brain stimulation and informed consent.

Objective To determine using a repeated-measures, prospective design whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) results in changes in the importance of symptom and behavioral goals individually identified by patients with Parkinson disease (PD) before DBS surgery. Methods Fifty-two participants recruited from a consecutive series completed a semistructured interview soliciting their rank-ordered symptom and behavioral goals and corresponding visual analog scales measuring perceived symptom severity and limits to goal attainment. Rank orders were reassessed at 2 times after DBS. Changes in rank order over time were examined with χ2 analyses. The relationships between change in symptom severity/limits to behavioral goal attainment and change in rank order were examined with mixed-effects linear regression models. Results Most participants changed the rank order of their symptom (81%) and behavioral (77%) goals 3 months after DBS surgery. Change in rank order of symptom goals was significantly related to change in severity ratings such that improvements in self-reported symptom severity were associated with reductions in rank. In contrast, no such relationship was evident for the behavioral goals. Conclusion These data illustrate how patients9 primary goals for DBS shift early in stimulation and highlight the important differences between symptom and behavioral goals. Changes in the rank order of symptom goals were related to changes in symptom severity, whereas subtler shifts in behavioral goals were unrelated to improvements after DBS. This observation suggests that DBS does not affect goals that may be more reflective of core personal values. The findings provide empiric data that can help improve the informed consent process.
Diagnosis of Prostatic Carcinoma: The Yield of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen, Digital Rectal Examination and Transrectal Ultrasonography

Three tests are commonly used to diagnose prostate carcinoma to date: serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography. We evaluated these 3 tests in 1,001, 6-sector prostate needle biopsies to rule out prostate carcinoma. Of the biopsies 253 (25.3%) revealed prostate cancer. As a single test, PSA was superior to digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography in predicting cancer in this patient population using difference of proportions tests. Receiver operating characteristic analysis also showed PSA to be the superior test. The combinations of PSA plus transrectal ultrasonography and PSA plus digital rectal examination were superior to digital rectal examination plus transrectal ultrasonography. We found cancer in 35 of 188 patients (18.6%) with intermediate PSA levels of 4.1 to 10.0 ng./ml. and normal or asymmetric nonindurated rectal examinations. Only 5 of 79 patients (6.3%) with a normal digital rectal examination and PSA level of less than 4.0 ng./ml. demonstrated carcinoma on biopsy. Of the 5 patients 4 had annual increases in PSA of 40% or greater. While hypoechoic sectors were more than twice as likely as isoechoic sectors of the prostate to contain malignancy on biopsy, nearly 37.6% of the cancers were found in isoechoic sectors. A strategy of performing biopsy of only hypoechoic sectors would have misdiagnosed 24.6% of the patients with prostate cancer. We conclude that serum PSA is the most accurate of the 3 diagnostic tests evaluated. We also recommend a systematic sextant biopsy technique.
The Role of Exchange Rate and Other Pricing Policies in the Adjustment Process

The paper focuses on the role on exchange rate and other pricing policies in the adjustment process. The paper discusses how the need for the implementation of adjustment programs may arise either as a result of exogenous developments or as a result of the pursuit of inappropriate domestic policies. The use of exchange rate policy is considered from two viewpoints; first, as a response to extant disequilibria, and second in its role in ensuring smoother adjustment in the future to changing economic circumstances. Finally, the merits of removing other policy-induced distortions, such as tariffs, quotas, and interest rate ceilings, are discussed with illustrations provided by recent experience in New Zealand.
Reforestation and Regrowth in the Human Dominated Landscapes of South Asia

The densely populated, forested landscapes of South Asia pose a particular challenge to an understanding of the dynamics of forest change. Of the six countries in this region, four – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal – have experienced increases in forest area and/or in forest density, which cannot be directly attributed to commonly identified drivers of forest change, such as changes in population density, affluence, or development. A meta-analysis of 24 case studies finds that the dominant pathway to reforestation in South Asia appears to be that of protection and planting of trees in degraded forests. A second, commonly encountered pathway is farm agroforestry, leading to increased tree cover on privately owned lands. Reforestation on abandoned unproductive lands does not appear to be significant in South Asia. An in-depth study of four landscapes located in India and Nepal provides greater insight into the human drivers of reforestation and regrowth. Taken together, these analyses indicate that the commitment of national governments towards protection and the devolution of forest management to local communities have been critical in facilitating reforestation in this region.
3H(p, gamma )4He cross section.

The absolute differential cross section for the $^{3}\mathrm{H}$(p,\ensuremath{\gamma}${)}^{4}$He reaction was measured for 0.1\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{p}}$\ensuremath{\le}6.0 MeV. Gamma rays produced by proton bombardment of Ti${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{3}$H targets were detected simultaneously with BGO and NaI scintillators positioned at 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} with respect to the incident beam. Our results are higher than the most recently reported (p,\ensuremath{\gamma}) data, but in good agreement with all other previous (p,\ensuremath{\gamma}) experiments. The present results support the $^{4}\mathrm{He}$(\ensuremath{\gamma},p) cross sections recommended by Calarco et al. in their discussions of the charge asymmetry of the nuclear force in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$.
History of Immunohistochemistry

Immunohistochemistry began over 120 years ago when Von Behring discovered serum antibodies in 1890 and used them to cure diphtheria and tetanus. The precipitin test, developed by Dr. Kraus in 1897, demonstrated that these antitoxins reacted with antigens. In 1923, Dr. Michael Heidelberger quantified this reaction with the use of dyes attached to antigens and Dr. John Marrack visualized the reaction by attaching dyes to antibodies. Dr. Albert H. Coons developed the first fluorescent antibody labels, officially launching light microscopic (LM) immunohistochemistry in 1941. Immuno-electron microscopy (EM) was officially launched in 1959 when Dr. S.J. Singer attached ferritin to antibodies to detect viral surface antigens. Six years later, Drs. Stratis Avrameas and Paul Nakane reported the development of immunoperoxidase techniques, detecting antigens at LM and EM levels, with pioneering techniques developed by Drs. Graham and Karnovsky. Drs. Ludwig Sternberger and Sam Spicer modified the immunoenzyme protocol in 1969 with the use of antibody–antibody bridging, thus avoiding chemical conjugation. In 1970, Dr. Ludwig Sternberger developed soluble peroxidase–antiperoxidase (PAP) complexes, which increased sensitivity and efficiency. Doctors Gwen C. Moriarty and Nicholas S. Halmi demonstrated the feasibility of application of these PAP complexes at the EM level in 1972, encouraging its widespread use. Doctors Faulk and Taylor attached colloidal gold labels to antibodies in 1971 and Drs. Roth, Bendayan, and Orci modified this EM protocol in 1978 with the use of protein A. Colloidal gold became the immuno-EM technique, which is used widely today. In 1982, Dr. S.-M. Hsu added avidin–biotin linkages, which increased sensitivity and allowed the reliable detection of antigenic sites that were difficult to preserve.
Political and Economic Dilemmas of the EMU

Numerous political and economic dilemmas have confronted the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) since 1989, when it was resurrected by the Delors Report. Some of these dilemmas have eventually faded away as, for example, the ratification difficulties of the Maastricht Treaty (the Treaty on the European Union), while others continue such as the political challenges facing the Maastricht Treaty, the impact of the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) crises, as well as the implications of the admission of new members. Still other problems loom on the horizon as, for example, the institutional and decision-making reforms needed to provide for the efficient functioning of the EMU, the implications of a multi-speed EMU and the effects of the opt-out and of the non-EMU member nations on monetary integration. These past and continuing dilemmas are the subject of this chapter.
CoSA: Integrated Verification for Agile Hardware Design

Symbolic model-checking is a well-established technique used in hardware design to assess, and formally verify, functional correctness. However, most modern model-checkers encode the problem into propositional satisfiability (SAT) and do not leverage any additional information beyond the input design, which is typically provided in a hardware description language such as Verilog.In this paper, we present CoSA (CoreIR Symbolic Analyzer), a model-checking tool for CoreIR designs. CoreIR is a new intermediate representation for hardware. CoSA encodes model-checking queries into first-order formulas that can be solved by Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers. In particular, it natively supports encodings using the theories of bitvectors and arrays. CoSA is closely integrated with CoreIR and can thus leverage CoreIR-generated metadata in addition to user-provided lemmas to assist with formal verification. CoSA supports multiple input formats and provides a broad set of analyses including equivalence checking and safety and liveness verification. CoSA is open-source and written in Python, making it easily extendable.
Models to predict outcomes after primary debulking surgery: Independent validation of models to predict suboptimal cytoreduction and gross residual disease.

Abstract Objective Treatment planning requires accurate estimation of surgical complexity (SC) and residual disease (RD) at primary debulking surgery (PDS) for advanced ovarian cancer (OC). We sought to independently validate two published computed tomography (CT) prediction models. Methods We included stage IIIC/IV OC patients who underwent PDS from 2003 to 2011. Two prediction models which included imaging and clinical variables to predict RD > 1 and any gross RD, respectively, were applied to our cohort. Two radiologists scored CTs. Discrimination was estimated using the c-index and calibration were assessed by comparing the observed and predicted estimates. Results The validation cohort consisted of 276 patients; median age of the cohort was 64 years old and majority had serous histology. The validation and model development cohorts were similar in terms of baseline characteristics, however the RD rates differed between cohorts (9.4% vs 25.4% had RD >1 cm; 50.7% vs. 66.6% had gross RD). Model 1, the model to predict RD >1 cm, did not validate well. The c-index of 0.653 for the validation cohort was lower than reported in the development cohort (0.758) and the model over-predicted the proportion with RD >1 cm. The second model to predict gross RD had excellent discrimination with a c-index of 0.762. Conclusions We are able to validate a CT model to predict presence of gross RD in an independent center; the separate model to predict RD >1 cm did not validate. Application of the model to predict gross RD can help with clinical decision making in advanced ovarian cancer.
Using Automated Detection and Classification of Interictal HFOs to Improve the Identification of Epileptogenic Zones in Preparation for Epilepsy Surgery

Abstract Objective For more than 25 million drug-resistant epilepsy patients, surgical intervention aiming at resecting brain regions where seizures arise is often the only alternative therapy. However, the identification of this epileptogenic zone (EZ) is often imprecise which may affect post-surgical outcomes (PSOs). Interictal high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) have been revealed to be reliable biomarkers in delineating EZ. In this paper, an analytical methodology aiming at automated detection and classification of interictal HFOs is proposed to improve the identification of EZ. Furthermore, the detected high-rate HFO areas were compared with the seizure onset zones (SOZs) and resected areas to investigate their clinical relevance in predicting PSOs. Methods FIR band-pass filtering as well as a combination of time-series local energy, peak, and duration analysis were utilized to identify high-rate HFO areas in interictal, multi-channel intracranial electroencephalographic (iEEG) recordings. The detected HFOs were then classified into fast-ripple (FR), ripple (R), and fast-ripple concurrent with ripple (FRandR) events. Results The proposed method resulted in sensitivity of 91.08% and false discovery rate of 7.32%. Moreover, it was found that the detected HFO-FRandR areas in concordance with the SOZs would have better delineated the EZ for each patient, while limiting the area of the brain required to be resected. Conclusion Testing on a dataset of 20 patients has supported the feasibility of using this method to provide an automated algorithm to better delineate the EZ. Significance The proposed methodology may significantly improve the precision by which pathological brain tissue can be identified.
Intraspecific Genetic Variation for Lead-Induced Changes in Reproductive Strategies

We aimed to identify genetic variation in the response of reproductive behaviors to lead (Pb2+) exposure. We reared a subset of the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) inbred lines on control or Pb-treated (500 μM PbAc) medium and tested for differences in copulation latency, copulation duration, and fecundity. Pb exposure decreased fecundity (p < 0.05) and increased copulation duration (p < 0.05) across DGRP lines. We found intraspecific genetic variation in latency, duration, and fecundity in both control and Pb-treated flies, with heritability ranging from 0.45 to 0.80. We found a significant genotype-by-environment interaction for copulation duration (p < 0.05). Genetic correlation matrices revealed significant genetic variation in common between control and Pb-treated flies for each trait (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that intraspecific genetic variation plays a role in Pb susceptibility and emphasize the importance of considering the impacts of variation in susceptibility to Pb pollution.
Alpha/Beta Hydrolase Domain-Containing Protein 2 regulates the rhythm of follicular maturation and estrous stages of the female reproductive cycle

Abstract Therian female fertility is defined by a successful and strictly periodic ovarian cycle, which is under the control of gonadotropins and steroid hormones, particularly progesterone and estrogen. The latter two are produced by the ovaries that are engaged in controlled follicular growth, maturation and release of the eggs, i.e. ovulation. It is well known that steroid hormones regulate ovarian cycles via genomic signaling, by altering gene transcription and protein synthesis. However, despite this well-studied mechanism, steroid hormones can also signal via direct, non-genomic action, by binding to their membrane receptors. Here we show, that the recently discovered sperm membrane progesterone receptor α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 2 (ABHD2) is highly expressed in mammalian ovaries where the protein plays a novel regulatory role in follicle maturation and the sexual cycle of females. Ablation of Abhd2 caused a dysregulation of the estrous cycle rhythm with females showing shortened luteal stages while remaining in the estrus stage for a longer time. Interestingly, the ovaries of Abhd2 knockout (KO) females resemble polycystic ovary morphology with a high number of atretic antral follicles that could be rescued with injection of gonadotropins. Such a procedure also allowed Abhd2 KO females to ovulate a significantly increased number of mature and fertile eggs in comparison to their wild-type littermates. These results suggest a novel regulatory role of ABHD2 as an important factor in non-genomic steroid regulation of the female reproductive cycle.
Submerged paleoshoreline mapping using high-resolution Chirp sub-bottom data, Northern Channel Islands platform, California, USA

High-resolution Chirp sub-bottom data were obtained offshore from the Northern Channel Islands (NCI), California, to image submerged paleoshorelines and assess local uplift rates. Although modern bathymetry is often used for modeling paleoshorelines, Chirp data image paleoshorelines buried beneath sediment that obscures their seafloor expression. The NCI were a unified landmass during the last glacial maximum (LGM; ~20 ka), when eustatic sea level was ~120 m lower than present. We identified seven paleoshorelines, ranging from ~28 to 104 m in depth, across this now-submerged LGM platform. Paleoshoreline depths were compared to local sea-level curves to estimate ages, which suggest that some were reoccupied over multiple sea-level cycles. Additionally, previous studies determined conflicting uplift rates for the NCI, ranging from 0.16 to 1.5 m/ka. Our results suggest that a rate on the lower end of this range better fits the observed submerged paleoshorelines. Using the uplift rate of ~0.16 m/ka, we estimate that paleoshorelines formed during Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 3, the LGM, and the Younger Dryas stade are preserved on the NCI platform. These results help clarify uplift rates for the NCI and illustrate the importance of sub-bottom data for mapping submerged paleoshorelines.
Childhood Obesity and the Food Environment: A Population-Based Sample of Public School Children in New York City.

Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between proximity to healthy and unhealthy food outlets around children's homes and their weight outcomes. Methods A total of 3,507,542 student-year observations of height and weight data from the 2009-2013 annual FitnessGram assessment of New York City public school students were used. BMI z scores were calculated, student obesity or obesity/overweight was determined using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, and these data were combined with the locations of four food outlet types (fast-food restaurants, wait-service restaurants, corner stores, and supermarkets) to calculate distance to the nearest outlet. Associations between weight status outcomes and distance to these food outlet types were examined using neighborhood (census tract) fixed effects. Results Living farther than 0.025 mile (about half of a city block) from the nearest fast-food restaurant was associated with lower obesity and obesity/overweight risk and lower BMI z scores. Results ranged from 2.5% to 4.4% decreased obesity. Beyond this distance, there were generally no impacts of the food environment and little to no impact of other food outlet types. Conclusions Proximity to fast-food restaurants was inversely related to childhood obesity, but no relationships beyond that were seen. These findings can help better inform policies focused on food access, which could, in turn, reduce childhood obesity.
Doctoral Programs in Mathematics Education: Should Programs be Accredited?

Over several hundred different institutions in the USA have graduated people identifying a doctorate in mathematics education. Some institutions graduate people every year, other institutions graduate one person every 3-5 years. Some institutions have one faculty member, others have more than ten. There is no agreed upon common core of knowledge or requirements for a doctorate in mathematics education. This article discusses some pros and cons of accreditation, offers some direction, and hopefully will stimulate thinking about accreditation for doctoral programs in mathematics education.
Diabetes Care in 2020: Following and Leading the Stories of Diabetes.

With the simple turning of a calendar page, 2020 is upon us, as is the time for the annual New Year message from the editorial committee of Diabetes Care . Each year we highlight the past year’s activities and offer a preview of what lies ahead. An important event in 2019 was the announcement of impact factors for scientific journals. The yearly statement of current impact factors revealed another clear increase for Diabetes Care , from 13.4 to 15.3, placing us among the elite journals in any specialty. We are proud of this ranking and hope for a further increase next year. Last year’s editorial outlined some goals, policies, and procedures that contribute to the journal’s character (1). Today we offer a wider perspective. Diabetes Care is the translational journal of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), linking basic science to clinical science and care. Providing a broad range of expertise, the editorial committee is composed of scientists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and experts in writing, editing, and medical publication. While we all started with deep experience in one or more of these fields, together we are called upon to extend our roles to become journalists. This means more than picking the best scientific studies as they are submitted. It involves actively soliciting, improving, and discussing articles that, collectively, form the stories that matter most to our community. …
Sequential radioimmunotherapy with tositumomab/Iodine I131 tositumomab followed by CHOP for mantle cell lymphoma demonstrates RIT can induce molecular remissions

7560 Background: Mantle cell lymphoma remains a clinical challenge particularly for pts not candidates for consolidation with ASCT or treatment with leukemia induction regimens. Methods: We investi...
Some Things Are Just Better Left as Secrets: Non-Transparency and Prosecutorial Decision Making in the Era of Neoliberal Punitivism

This paper focuses on prosecutorial decision-making during the late-20th and early 21st century era of punitive American criminal justice. Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 former prosecutors who worked in two large and diverse states to determine how they made their decisions regarding charging and plea bargaining. This study investigates how prosecutors consider legal and extra-legal factors when making decisions. The results suggest that prosecutors considered legal factors such as evidence/provability and elements of the crime, the defendant’s criminal history, and witness credibility and/or victim credibility, but also extra-legal factors such as, victim’s request, law enforcement priorities, relations with defense counsel, high profile cases, and community influence. All of these decisions were made during and reflect the punitive era of criminal justice in the USA.
p53 drives a transcriptional program that elicits a non-cell-autonomous response and alters cell state in vivo

Cell stress and DNA damage activate the tumor suppressor p53, triggering transcriptional activation of a myriad of target genes. The molecular, morphological, and physiological consequences of this activation remain poorly understood in vivo. We activated a p53 transcriptional program in mice by deletion of Mdm2, a gene that encodes the major p53 inhibitor. By overlaying tissue-specific RNA-sequencing data from pancreas, small intestine, ovary, kidney, and heart with existing p53 chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing, we identified a large repertoire of tissue-specific p53 genes and a common p53 transcriptional signature of seven genes, which included Mdm2 but not p21. Global p53 activation caused a metaplastic phenotype in the pancreas that was missing in mice with acinar-specific p53 activation, suggesting non-cell-autonomous effects. The p53 cellular response at single-cell resolution in the intestine altered transcriptional cell state, leading to a proximal enterocyte population enriched for genes within oxidative phosphorylation pathways. In addition, a population of active CD8+ T cells was recruited. Combined, this study provides a comprehensive profile of the p53 transcriptional response in vivo, revealing both tissue-specific transcriptomes and a unique signature, which were integrated to induce both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous responses and transcriptional plasticity.
Using Design Fiction Memos to Analyze UX Professionals’ Values Work Practices: A Case Study Bridging Ethnographic and Design Futuring Methods

Multiple methods have been used to study how social values and ethics are implicated in technology design and use, including empirical qualitative studies of technologists’ work. Recently, more experimental approaches such as design fiction explore these themes through fictional worldbuilding. This paper combines these approaches by adapting design fictions as a form of memoing, a qualitative analysis technique. The paper uses design fiction memos to analyze and reflect on ethnographic interviews and observational data about how user experience (UX) professionals at large technology companies engage with values and ethical issues in their work. The design fictions help explore and articulate themes about the values work practices and relationships of power that UX professionals grapple with. Through these fictions, the paper contributes a case study showing how design fiction can be used for qualitative analysis, and provides insights into the role of organizational and power dynamics in UX professionals’ values work.
Listeria cossartiae sp. nov., Listeria immobilis sp. nov., Listeria portnoyi sp. nov. and Listeria rustica sp. nov., isolated from agricultural water and natural environments.

A total of 27 Listeria isolates that could not be classified to the species level were obtained from soil samples from different locations in the contiguous United States and an agricultural water sample from New York. Whole-genome sequence-based average nucleotide identity blast (ANIb) showed that the 27 isolates form five distinct clusters; for each cluster, all draft genomes showed ANI values of <95 % similarity to each other and any currently described Listeria species, indicating that each cluster represents a novel species. Of the five novel species, three cluster with the Listeria sensu stricto clade and two cluster with sensu lato. One of the novel sensu stricto species, designated L. cossartiae sp. nov., contains two subclusters with an average ANI similarity of 94.9%, which were designated as subspecies. The proposed three novel sensu stricto species (including two subspecies) are Listeria farberi sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-0091T=CCUG 74668T=LMG 31917T; maximum ANI 91.9 % to L. innocua), Listeria immobilis sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-1519T=CCUG 74666T=LMG 31920T; maximum ANI 87.4 % to L. ivanovii subsp. londoniensis) and Listeria cossartiae sp. nov. [subsp. cossartiae (type strain FSL L7-1447T=CCUG 74667T=LMG 31919T; maximum ANI 93.4 % to L. marthii) and subsp. cayugensis (type strain FSL L7-0993T=CCUG 74670T=LMG 31918T; maximum ANI 94.7 % to L. marthii). The two proposed novel sensu lato species are Listeria portnoyi sp. nov. (type strain FSL L7-1582T=CCUG 74671T=LMG 31921T; maximum ANI value of 88.9 % to L. cornellensis and 89.2 % to L. newyorkensis) and Listeria rustica sp. nov. (type strain FSL W9-0585T=CCUG 74665T=LMG 31922T; maximum ANI value of 88.7 % to L. cornellensis and 88.9 % to L. newyorkensis). L. immobilis is the first sensu stricto species isolated to date that is non-motile. All five of the novel species are non-haemolytic and negative for phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C activity; the draft genomes lack the virulence genes found in Listeria pathogenicity island 1 (LIPI-1), and the internalin genes inlA and inlB, indicating that they are non-pathogenic.
Burnout and moral resilience in interdisciplinary healthcare professionals

Aims and objectives To examine demographic and work characteristics of interdisciplinary healthcare professionals associated with higher burnout and to examine whether the four domains of moral resilience contribute to burnout over and above work and demographic variables. Background Healthcare professionals experience complex ethical challenges on a daily basis leading to burnout and moral distress. Measurement of moral resilience is a new and vital step in creating tailored interventions that will foster moral resilience at the bedside. Design Cross-sectional descriptive design. Methods Healthcare professionals in the eastern USA were recruited weekly via email for 3 weeks in this cross-sectional study. Online questionnaires were used to conduct the study. The STROBE checklist was used to report the results. Results Work and demographic factors, such as religious preference, years worked in a healthcare profession, practice location, race, patient age, profession and education level, have unique relationships with burnout subscales and turnover intention, with the four subscales of moral resilience demonstrating a protective relationship with outcomes above and beyond the variance explained by work and demographic characteristics. Conclusions Higher moral resilience is related to lower burnout and turnover intentions, with multiple work demographic correlates allowing for potential areas of intervention to deal with an increase in morally distressing situations occurring at the bedside. Additionally, patterns of significant and non-significant relationships between the moral resilience subscales and burnout subscales indicate that these subscales represent unique constructs. Relevance to clinical practice Understanding the everyday, pre-pandemic correlations of moral resilience and burnout among interdisciplinary clinicians allows us to see changes that may exist. Measuring and understanding moral resilience in healthcare professionals is vital for creating ways to build healthier, more sustainable clinical work environments and enhanced patient care delivery.