cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrating New Technologies into Fisheries Science: The Application of Geographic Information Systems

Abstract Geographic information systems (GIS) is a powerful tool capable of organizing, analyzing, and displaying spatially explicit data, yet it is not being extensively used in fisheries science. GIS offers advantages over conventional approaches because of the speed and accuracy with which it handles large spatial datasets. Decision makers can then make more informed decisions because multiple scenarios can be evaluated or spatial analyses conducted that would otherwise prove too cumbersome. GIS disadvantages include additional training for personnel, the costs of capital outlay, and the time required to initially assemble a GIS. A GIS database can be assembled from existing digital files, published maps, or using global positioning receivers. Continuing software and hardware advancements have led to greater affordability and user-friendliness. Here, we provide examples of GIS utility in fisheries science.
Excitation of neutron-hole states in 207Pb by inelastic scattering of 61 MeV protons

Abstract Differential cross sections for the excitation of the first-four neutron-hole states and the doublet at 2.64 MeV by 61.2 MeV protons have been measured. The data are analyzed in terms of both a purely collective model description and a microscopic model supplemented by macroscopic core polarization. A “realistic” two-body interaction is used and knock-on amplitudes are included. Core polarization is found to be important but represents a relatively smaller contribution than in most nuclei previously studied. A parallel analysis of similar data at lower proton bombarding energies reveals a surprisingly strong energy dependence of the reaction mechanisms.
The effect of mitochondrial energization on cytochrome c oxidase kinetics as measured at low temperatures. II. The binding and reduction of dioxygen.

Abstract The effect of pre-energization of isolated mitochondria by ATP at room temperature upon the kinetics of oxygen intermediates (measured at very low temperatures) of cytochrome c oxidase has been studied. It was found that “energization” of mitochondria at room temperature had dramatic effects on several partial reactions of cytochrome aa 3 . Thus, in the “energized” frozen state, the rate of O 2 binding to ferrous cytochrome a 3 and the subsequent formation of the “peroxy” compound B are accelerated, while oxidation of cytochromes c and c 1 is inhibited. These effects of ATP are abolished by oligomycin and uncoupling agents and may, therefore, be reflections of the coupling of the mitochondrial ATP synthetase to the respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c oxidase, which is the basis of the mechanism of coupling respiration to ATP synthesis and respiratory control.
Early Vascular Injury and Increased Vascular Permeability in Gastric Mucosal Injury Caused by Ethanol in the Rat

The hypothesis that vascular injury contributes to the development of hemorrhagic erosions after intragastric administration of ethanol has been examined in the rat using vascular tracers. Extravasation of intravenously injected Evans blue into the gastric wall and into gastric contents was used as an indicator of vascular permeability. India ink and monastral blue, which label damaged blood vessels, were used to demonstrate vascular injury morphologically. Intragastric instillation of 75% and 100% ethanol induced increased vascular permeability within 1–3 min and resulted in monastral blue labeling of vessels in 13% and 17%, respectively; of the glandular mucosa within 1 min. After 1 h of 100% ethanol exposure, the areal density of monastral bluestained blood vessels did not increase compared with that seen at 1 min, but the areal density of grossly visible hemorrhagic lesions increased strikingly and approximated that of vessel staining. The hemorrhagic erosions consistently occurred in regions of glandular mucosa where vessels were stained with monastral blue. Pretreatment with prostaglandin F 2β or cysteamine reduced ethanolinduced Evans blue extravasation and monastral blue staining of mucosal blood vessels but did not reduce histologic evidence of gastric surface cell damage in the glandular mucosa. As increased vascular permeability and morphologically detectable vascular lesions consistently preceded the development of grossly visible hemorrhagic erosions in the glandular mucosa, we suggest that vascular injury is an early pathogenetic factor in the development of ethanol-induced gastric hernorrhngic erosions. The data also indicate that the degree of vascular damage, unlike the injury to surface epithelial cells, is reduced by pretreatment with prostaglandin F 2β or the sulfhydryl cysteamine.
Population Viability Assessment of Salmonids by Using Probabilistic Networks

Abstract Public agencies are being asked to quantitatively assess the impact of land management activities on sensitive populations of salmonids. To aid in these assessments, we developed a Bayesian viability assessment procedure (BayVAM) to help characterize land use risks to salmonids in the Pacific Northwest. This procedure incorporates a hybrid approach to viability analysis that blends qualitative, professional judgment with a quantitative model to provide a generalized assessment of risk and uncertainty, The BayVAM procedure relies on three main components: ( 1 ) an assessment survey in which users judge the relative condition of the habitat and estimate survival and reproductive rates for the population in question; (2) a stochastic simulation model that provides a mathematical representation of important demographic and environmental processes; and (3) a probabilistic network that uses the results of the survey to define likely parameter ranges, mimics the stochastic behavior of the simulation mod...
Immunohistochemistry of normal human knee synovium: a quantitative study.

Objective: To describe the immunohistochemical characteristics of knee synovium from normal healthy subjects. Methods: 12 healthy subjects underwent needle biopsy of knee synovium. Using antibodies directed against CD3, CD4, CD8, L26, Kp-1,and HLA-DR, detailed quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of various cell subpopulations was undertaken. Results: The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 37 (9) years (five male, seven female). All had a negative history for arthritis, no knee pain, and a totally normal joint examination except for the presence of retropatellar crepitus in five. For technical reasons staining for all immunohistochemical markers could not be achieved in all subjects. CD3+ T lymphocytes were seen in nine of 10 subjects, either diffusely or, more commonly, in perivascular areas. CD4+ cells were seen in synovium in three of seven subjects and CD8+ cells in six of eight subjects, in almost equal numbers (CD4:CD8, 1.1:1). L26+ B lymphocytes were not seen in any biopsy. Kp1+ macrophages were found in 10 of 10 subjects, predominantly in surface lining cells, and in small numbers in diffuse and perivascular locations. HLA-DR+ cells were seen in 10 of 10 subjects, predominantly in surface lining cells and diffusely, but a few were seen perivascularly. Conclusions: Synovium from apparently normal subjects contained a wide range of different cell subpopulations but no B cells. The significance of these immune cells in normal synovium is unclear. A better understanding of their role in normal synovium may be important in analysing the transition to synovitis.
Laparoscopic and converted approaches to rectal cancer resection have superior long-term outcomes: a comparative study by operative approach.

Background and objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate outcomes for rectal cancer resection by operative approach. Our hypothesis is that laparoscopic (LAP) and LAP converted to open (OPEN) rectal cancer resections have excellent patient and oncologic outcomes.
Family Stability and Occupational Success

The effects of family stability in the parental generation, as indexed by the presence of both parents in the childhood home, on the marital and occupational statuses of American adult males in 1962 are measured for Negro and non-Negro men, respectively. The experience of growing up in an intact family does not increase the probability that a man will be found living with his wife in adulthood, but it increases the probability that he will be pursuing an occupation that ranks relatively high in the socioeconomic structure. Men raised in intact families not only have superior job qualifications, but also translate their educational attainment into occupational achievement more efficiently than do men of the same race who grew up in families headed by females.
The operant as a class of responses

This paper considers some recent objections to the concept of the operant. These objections were, first, that “action” is more fundamental than “operant” and, second, that the term ‘operant’ depends for its application on the knowledge of behavior implicit in common language. The present paper outlines the concept of the operant as a class of responses. In doing so, it considers the distinctions between responses and response classes (operants) and between descriptive operants and functional operants. These distinctions suggest that “action” is not more fundamental than “operant” and that although descriptive operants originate in common knowledge, functional operants never do. The paper concludes that the concept of the operant is basic to behavior theory, and must be retained.
Qualitative and quantitative responses of Diabroticina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to cucurbit extracts linked to species, sex, weather and deployment method

Toxic baits and traps for Diabroticina, based on bitter cucurbit extracts, have been utilized for a number of years with inconsistent results. Four species of bitter Cucurbitaceae were compared in the field for their attractancy to species of Diabroticina in Argentina and the United States. The comparisons were made with polyester fabrics treated with known volumes of different cucurbit extracts, against a standard cucurbit extract of bitter Hawkesbury watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunberg) Matsumura and Nakai). The factors evaluated were: the attractancy of the different extracts in terms of beetle numbers, species and sex of the Diabroticina caught; influence of different fabrics on such attraction; and influence of several weather variables on the catches. The most attractive species was Cayaponia bonariensis (Miller) Martinez Crovetto, however, practical considerations indicated that Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin and Hawkesbury watermelon may be better choices from the commercial perspective. No single weather factor could explain the catches throughout the sample range, but different temperature and barometric pressure ranges provided some predictive value. Although the susceptibility to weather conditions and a strong male dominance in the catches raise the question of the usefulness of cucurbitacins as the main component in toxic baits or traps, these drawbacks may prove to be less important in widespread bait applications and Diabroticina management in vegetable crops.
Talking Past Each other about Sexual Harassment: An Exploration of Frames for Understanding:

Sexual harassment, a form of violence against women, occasions considerable debate but little communication. Using newspaper reports as texts, the authors identify four common media frames that not only raise different expectations about defining behavior as harassing and people as harassers, but also suggest different courses of action in response to the behavior. The judicial frame compares behaviors to legal policies or statutes and suggests reactive strategies. The victim frame emphasizes harm or injury to the victim(s), suggesting social change. The initiator frame defines the (mis)behavior as acceptable and implies that no change in behavior is necessary. The social science frame, structured around reliable and valid operational definitions, integrates the other approaches.
Strategic quality choice and charter schools

Abstract Proponents of Charter schools argue that competition will improve the educational outcomes of both Charter and public students. A model of quality choice has been used to examine this claim. With capacity constraints, there is an equilibrium in which the Charter school offers a higher quality which the public school will not match. Competition from Charter schools may therefore have only modest effects on public school quality, if any.
Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: a literature review and clinical practice guidelines.

Background. Osteonecrosis of the jaw has recently been reported as a possible adverse drug effect from bisphosphonate therapy. Reports are coming from all over the world. Norvartis, a pharmaceutical manufacturer of two implicated drug products, has notified dentists in the United States and made recommendations for dental management of cases. Mechanism of Action. The exact mechanism of bisphosphonate effects leading to osteonecrosis of the jaw is unknown. The condition can affect both the maxilla and the mandible. Most cases developed following oral infection or dental treatment. Prevention and Management. Clinical guidelines for prevention and management have recently been published. Dental hygienists have a major role in patient education related to awareness of the potential drug effect and to preventive oral health education.
MT-Scribe: an end-user approach to automate software model evolution

Model evolution is an essential activity in software system modeling, which is traditionally supported by manual editing or writing model transformation rules. However, the current state of practice for model evolution presents challenges to those who are unfamiliar with model transformation languages or metamodel definitions. This demonstration presents a demonstration-based approach that assists end-users through automation of model evolution tasks (e.g., refactoring, model scaling, and aspect weaving).
A Prototype Analysis of Forgiveness

Many definitions of forgiveness currently exist in the literature. The current research adds to this discussion by utilizing a prototype approach to examine lay conceptions of forgiveness. A prototype approach involves categorizing objects or events in terms of their similarity to a good example, whereas a classical approach requires that there are essential elements that must be present. In Study 1, participants listed the features of forgiveness. Study 2 obtained centrality ratings for these features. In Studies 3 and 4, central features were found to be more salient in memory than peripheral features. Study 5 showed that feature centrality influenced participants’ ratings of victims involved in hypothetical transgressions. Thus, the two criteria for demonstrating prototype structure (that participants find it meaningful to judge features in terms of their centrality and that centrality affects cognition) were met.
Sowing the Seeds of Progress: The Agricultural Biotechnology Debate in Africa

Recent innovations in agricultural biotechnology raise a number of questions for the future of farming in both the developed and developing worlds. Conflicting international agreements, particularly tensions between the World Trade Organization’s Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, provoke debates between farmers, plant breeders, and indigenous communities over the extent of ownership rights in genetic resources. Further, trade disputes between the United States and the European Union help to shape the terrain on which biotechnology is developed. The future of agricultural biotechnology in Africa is largely a function of the outcome of these debates.
Helicobacter pylori Stores Nickel To Aid Its Host Colonization

The transition metal nickel (Ni) is critical for the pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori. Indeed the element is a required component of two enzymes, hydrogenase and urease, that have been shown to be important for in vivo colonization of the host gastric mucosa. Urease accounts for up to 10% of the total cellular H. pylori protein content, and therefore the bacterial Ni demand is very high. H. pylori possess two small and abundant histidine-rich, Ni-binding proteins, Hpn and Hpn-like, whose physiological role in the host have not been investigated. In this study, special husbandry conditions were used to control Ni levels in the host (mouse), including the use of Ni-free versus Ni-supplemented food. The efficacy of each diet was confirmed by measuring the Ni concentrations in sera of mice fed with either diet. Colonization levels (based on rank tests) of the Δhpn Δhpn-like double mutants isolated from the mice provided Ni-deficient chow were statistically lower than those for mice given Ni in their diet. In contrast, H. pylori wild-type colonization levels were similar in both host groups (e.g., regardless of Ni levels). Our results indicate that the gastric pathogen H. pylori can utilize stored Ni via defined histidine-rich proteins to aid colonization of the host.
Qualitative stability of large space structures with non-colocated actuators and sensors

The use of non-colocated sensors and actuators for controlling a large space structure introduces a serious difficulty. Because of the phase shift introduced by the sign reversal when the sensor is on one side of a mode and the actuator is on the other, the mode is easily driven unstable. These characteristics can be deduced easily by looking at the mode shapes and the locations of the actuator and sensor for that particular mode. Thus a qualitative stability of the mode is given by a cursory inspection. These are defined for the modes as stably interacting when the mode phase shift is zero and unstably interacting when the mode phase shift is 180°.
Discharge, legacy effects and nutrient availability as determinants of temporal patterns in biofilm metabolism and accrual in an arctic river

SUMMARY 1. Significant changes in the timing of thawing and freezing, annual discharge and nutrient supply are anticipated for arctic river ecosystems due to climate warming. Our understanding of the effects of such changes, however, is poor. Since biofilms are both critical to ecosystem processes and subject to control by combinations of freezing dynamics, discharge and nutrient supply, the effects of climate warming on arctic river ecosystems may be substantial. 2. We studied biofilm accrual and metabolism in the Kuparuk River of Alaska with three objectives. First, we assessed biofilm activity during the open-water season, including the poorly known ‘shoulder seasons’ (periods shortly after the spring thaw and then before autumn freezing). Second, we assessed how discharge and freezing dynamics may affect temporal patterns in biofilm activity. Third, we assessed biofilm response to increases in PO 3 concentrations predicted as the climate warms. 3. Our study consisted of an upstream reference reach and a downstream treatment reach where H3PO4 was experimentally added for two years (2011–2012; ~0.3 lM increase). We used archived reference-reach data from 1983 to 2014 to assess discharge–chlorophyll relationships. 4. Mean biofilm gross primary production (GPP) in the reference reach during 2011 and 2012 was 15.4 2.2 (mean S.E.) and 13.4 2.5 mg C m 2 h 1 , respectively, with spring shoulder season values being significantly higher than the summer values that are more routinely measured. An analysis of a 31-year record from the reference reach revealed that biofilm chlorophyll biomass was significantly (R 2 = 0.39, P < 0.001) related to the discharge regime of the previous summer. This ‘legacy effect’ is attributable to bedfast ice within the river channel during winter that protects biofilms from scour during the spring thaw. Before–after-control–impact (BACI) analysis showed significant and positive PO 3 effects on mean biofilm chl-a biomass in the treatment reach. This treatment effect was associated with a parallel increase in GPP. 5. High biofilm activity in the Kuparuk River during the shoulder seasons indicates its potential significance to the energetics of arctic river ecosystems, particularly in the context of climate change. The related ‘legacy effect’ probably underlies the scope for rapid recovery of biofilm activity during the spring. Finally, increases in PO 3 at concentrations predicted as the climate warms are likely to result in increases in summer biofilm biomass and metabolism. Further studies of biofilm processes during the shoulder seasons, and how these are affected by shifts in discharge, freezing dynamics and nutrient supply, are required for a comprehensive understanding of the effects of climate warming on arctic river ecosystems.
Multivariate paraunitary and related matrices

Paraunitary matrices are important in the characterization of digital filterbanks. Factorization of a multivariate polynomial paraunitary matrix has been of interest. Here the investigation of properties of paraunitary and their variants is continued. A contribution to the problem of completion of a multivariate polynomial rectangular matrix into a square matrix with the paraunitary property invariant is made. This provides insights into the solution of the more general paraunitary completion problem for multivariate rectangular matrices of arbitrary size.
The nucleus isthmi as an intertectal relay for the ipsilateral oculotectal projection in the frog, Rana pipiens.

Reconstruction of serial sections through the nucleus isthmi in the frog Rana pipiens shows that the cortex of the nucleus consists of a sheet of cells which is folded back on itself to form two more or less parallel faces. Cyto-architectural features allow three regions to be distinguished: a 7“rim region,” which previous work had suggested may be involved in the physiological pathway from one eye to the ipsilateral tectal lobe, and two additional regions which are here termed the anterior and posterior “nonrim cortex,” re-spectively. The cytoarchitectural features which distinguish the rim region from the other two regions are largely absent in the tadpole. Analysis of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following widespread injections into one tectal lobe indicates that the anterior nonrim cortex projects ipsilaterally while the rim cortex and posterior nonrim cortex both project contralaterally. The differing projections of the three regions are paralleled by the pattern of retrograde degeneration observed after unilateral tectal lesions. We have studied the topographic organization of the connections between the nucleus isthmi and the two tectal lobes by making small injections of HRP at tectal loci with known visual field input. Patterns of retrograde cellular labelling show that the anterior nonrim cortex projects topographically to the entirety of the tectal lobe on the same side of the brain. The rim region projects topographically to the binocularly activated part of the opposite tectal lobe; the posterior nonrim cortex projects to the monocularly activated part. There is a discontinuity in the mapping from the nucleus to the opposite tectal lobe which corresponds to the border between binocular and monocular tectum. Patterns of anterograde labelling indicate that the afferent projection from the ipsilateral tectal lobe is topographic and organized so that afferents from a given tectal locus contact cells in the rostral part of the nucleus which project back to that locus. Afferents from tectal re-gions representing binocular visual field in addition continue across the nucleus to terminate within the rim region. The organization of the afferent and efferent projections of this region is such as to link tectal loci which relate to the same direction in visual space. Our findings provide new evidence that the nucleus isthmi is involved in the pathway from one eye to the ipsilateral tectal lobe. They also show how the nucleus is organized to distribute information from a given locus in one tectal lobe to cells which project to the visually corresponding but in general anatomically different pairs of loci in the two tectal lobes. Finally, our findings confirm the existence of a projection from the nucleus isthmi to the opposite monocular tectum and suggest that this may be part of an intertectal circuit linking anatomically corresponding rather than visually corresponding pairs of tectal loci.
Predicting Student Emotions in Computer-Human Tutoring Dialogues

We examine the utility of speech and lexical features for predicting student emotions in computer-human spoken tutoring dialogues. We first annotate student turns for negative, neutral, positive and mixed emotions. We then extract acoustic-prosodic features from the speech signal, and lexical items from the transcribed or recognized speech. We compare the results of machine learning experiments using these features alone or in combination to predict various categorizations of the annotated student emotions. Our best results yield a 19-36% relative improvement in error reduction over a baseline. Finally, we compare our results with emotion prediction in human-human tutoring dialogues.
Custom Tinting Denture Bases by Visible Light Cure Lamination

A urethane dimethacrylate and tinting powder lamination, chemically bonded to a methyl methacrylate denture base, produces a natural-appearing distribution of the tints. The characterization is protected by a hard, clear layer of urethane. Procedures are described that achieve this lamination either in the laboratory, before processing the dentures, or after the dentures have been fabricated.
Gene-based interaction analysis by incorporating external linkage disequilibrium information.

Gene–gene interactions have an important role in complex human diseases. Detection of gene–gene interactions has long been a challenge due to their complexity. The standard method aiming at detecting SNP–SNP interactions may be inadequate as it does not model linkage disequilibrium (LD) among SNPs in each gene and may lose power due to a large number of comparisons. To improve power, we propose a principal component (PC)-based framework for gene-based interaction analysis. We analytically derive the optimal weight for both quantitative and binary traits based on pairwise LD information. We then use PCs to summarize the information in each gene and test for interactions between the PCs. We further extend this gene-based interaction analysis procedure to allow the use of imputation dosage scores obtained from a popular imputation software package, MACH, which incorporates multilocus LD information. To evaluate the performance of the gene-based interaction tests, we conducted extensive simulations under various settings. We demonstrate that gene-based interaction tests are more powerful than SNP-based tests when more than two variants interact with each other; moreover, tests that incorporate external LD information are generally more powerful than those that use genotyped markers only. We also apply the proposed gene-based interaction tests to a candidate gene study on high-density lipoprotein. As our method operates at the gene level, it can be applied to a genome-wide association setting and used as a screening tool to detect gene–gene interactions.
Structural, Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Cu Substituted Mn–Zn Soft Nanoferrites

Soft nanoferrites of nominal composition Mn0.5CuxZn0.5−xFe2O4 with 0.0≤x≤0.35 were prepared by chemical co-precipitation method. The formation of single phase spinel structure with different compositions, sizes and macrostructure were confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) measurements. The lattice parameter decreased with increase in Cu2+ content. The crystallite size of the powder samples varied from 14 to 27 nm. The theoretical density increased with increase in Cu2+ content. Room temperature saturation magnetization was measured as a function of copper content. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and Bohr magneton (μB) increases up to x=0.25 due to increased A–B interactions in the AB2O4 type spinel nanoferrites. Dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss tangent and complex impedance plots were studied in the frequency range 20 Hz–5 MHz. Loss peak occurs for all the studied compositions and shifts towards low frequency with increased Cu2+ content. Complex impedance spectroscopic studies confirmed that conduction in the samples is due to grain boundaries. The high values of DC electrical resistivity support this result.
Structural and evolutionary relationships of “AT-less” type I polyketide synthase ketosynthases

Acyltransferase (AT)-less type I polyketide synthases (PKSs) break the type I PKS paradigm. They lack the integrated AT domains within their modules and instead use a discrete AT that acts in trans, whereas a type I PKS module minimally contains AT, acyl carrier protein (ACP), and ketosynthase (KS) domains. Structures of canonical type I PKS KS-AT didomains reveal structured linkers that connect the two domains. AT-less type I PKS KSs have remnants of these linkers, which have been hypothesized to be AT docking domains. Natural products produced by AT-less type I PKSs are very complex because of an increased representation of unique modifying domains. AT-less type I PKS KSs possess substrate specificity and fall into phylogenetic clades that correlate with their substrates, whereas canonical type I PKS KSs are monophyletic. We have solved crystal structures of seven AT-less type I PKS KS domains that represent various sequence clusters, revealing insight into the large structural and subtle amino acid residue differences that lead to unique active site topologies and substrate specificities. One set of structures represents a larger group of KS domains from both canonical and AT-less type I PKSs that accept amino acid-containing substrates. One structure has a partial AT-domain, revealing the structural consequences of a type I PKS KS evolving into an AT-less type I PKS KS. These structures highlight the structural diversity within the AT-less type I PKS KS family, and most important, provide a unique opportunity to study the molecular evolution of substrate specificity within the type I PKSs.
Characterization of 3C-SiC (100) as a platform for detecting the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

In this work we describe the characterization of anti-myoglobin immobilization on 3C-SiC (100) by means of surface modification with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). Surface water contact angle measurements were used to compare the wettability of 3C-SiC (100) before (16 ±3°) and after APTES layer formation (61 ±1°). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to confirm the homogenous formation of APTES and anti-myoglobin immobilization with EDC-sulfo NHS coupling. For the APTES surfaces no significant change in the surface roughness was obtained whereas with anti-myoglobin surfaces, particles on the order of ~60 nm in diameter with a globular shape were observed.
European contrasts in sex ratios: Implications for living arrangements in old age

This paper explores some consequences of two facts. First, the difference between contemporary male and female mortality schedules varies from one nation to another. Second, historical events can produce significant deviations in these smooth patterns. After an analysis of the demographic situation of older people in Europe, a comprehensive view of the policy implications of these demographic constraints is given.
Development of a Response Inconsistency Scale for the Personality Inventory for DSM–5

The advent of a dimensional model of personality disorder included in DSM-5 has necessitated the development of a new measurement scheme, specifically a self-report questionnaire termed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012 ). However, there are many threats to the validity of a self-report measure, including response inconsistency. This study outlines the development of an inconsistency scale for the PID-5. Across both college student and clinical samples, the inconsistency scale was able to reliably differentiate real from random responding. Random responses led to increased scores on the PID-5 facets, indicating the importance of detecting inconsistent responding prior to test interpretation. Thus, this inconsistency scale could be of use to researchers and clinicians in detecting inconsistent responses to this new personality disorder measure.
Modeling Between‐Subject Variability in Decision Strategies via Statistical Clustering: A p‐Median Approach

We present a statistical methodology for clustering decision makers according to similar choice behavior. We apply a p-median clustering algorithm that identifies an “exemplar” for each cluster, a decision maker who best represents that cluster. We demonstrate that information about group behavior can be inferred by examining the behavior of each cluster's exemplar. The method is exploratory, providing information about the prevalence of decision strategies without researchers needing to specify candidate strategies a priori. The method is also very general and can be applied to a wide range of decision-making data structures. We illustrate our method by re-analyzing two existing choice data sets. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surveillance on Antibody Level of Measles Among Children Aged Between 1 and 6 Years in Fengsan County

Objective To investigate the antibody level of measles in children aged from 1 to 6 years,and to provide a scientific basis for controlling measles in Fengsan County.Methods The random sampling rule survey was carried out in a sample population of 120 children born from 2000 to 2005,and the measles IgG antibody level was monitored.The titer of IgG measles antibody ≥1:200 was positive. Results The positive rate of IgG measles antibody was 86.67%,and GMT was 1:290.There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of IgG measles antibody and GMT between males and females.The positive rate of IgG measles antibody and GMT were declined with the increasing age among the children aged between 1 and 4 years,while the positive rate of IgG measles antibody and GMT were increased with the increasing age among the children aged between 5 and 6 years.There were statistically significant differences in the positive rate of IgG measles antibody between the primary vaccination children and the second vaccination children.There showed statistically significant differences in MV revaccination rate and the positive rate of IgG measles antibody in different counties and towns. Conclusions Children aged from 1 to 6 years of Fengshan Country have a measles-protective antibody level,but the immunization barrier is still weak.
Transcriptional Control in Marine Copiotrophic and Oligotrophic Bacteria with Streamlined Genomes.

ABSTRACT Bacteria often respond to environmental stimuli using transcriptional control, but this may not be the case for marine bacteria such as “Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique,” a cultivated representative of the SAR11 clade, the most abundant organism in the ocean. This bacterium has a small, streamlined genome and an unusually low number of transcriptional regulators, suggesting that transcriptional control is low in Pelagibacter and limits its response to environmental conditions. Transcriptome sequencing during batch culture growth revealed that only 0.1% of protein-encoding genes appear to be under transcriptional control in Pelagibacter and in another oligotroph (SAR92) whereas >10% of genes were under transcriptional control in the copiotrophs Polaribacter sp. strain MED152 and Ruegeria pomeroyi. When growth levels changed, transcript levels remained steady in Pelagibacter and SAR92 but shifted in MED152 and R. pomeroyi. Transcript abundances per cell, determined using an internal RNA sequencing standard, were low ( IMPORTANCE Diverse heterotrophic bacteria drive biogeochemical cycling in the ocean. The most abundant types of marine bacteria are oligotrophs with small, streamlined genomes. The metabolic controls that regulate the response of oligotrophic bacteria to environmental conditions remain unclear. Our results reveal that transcriptional control is lower in marine oligotrophic bacteria than in marine copiotrophic bacteria. Although responses of bacteria to environmental conditions are commonly regulated at the level of transcription, metabolism in the most abundant bacteria in the ocean appears to be regulated by other mechanisms.
Public Space Without Demands: Understanding Traveling Theory and Practice in Occupy and Transnational Protests

I will examine the transnational connections from the perspective of local subtexts mediating the eventual inspiration that the Arab revolutions had on the Occupy movement. This intervention requires decentering the consideration of diffusion away from the time frame of more visibility of the protests, and thus problematizing the idea of a transnational moment of radical politics. Even though the singularity of a moment of democratic opening is not reducible to the script of institutional politics, it is also not detached from local histories, which themselves expose particular relations across time and space, and are unleashed in the present through not only memories but also silences.
Break-induced telomere synthesis underlies alternative telomere maintenance

Homology-directed DNA repair is essential for genome maintenance through templated DNA synthesis. Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) necessitates homology-directed DNA repair to maintain telomeres in about 10-15% of human cancers. How DNA damage induces assembly and execution of a DNA replication complex (break-induced replisome) at telomeres or elsewhere in the mammalian genome is poorly understood. Here we define break-induced telomere synthesis and demonstrate that it utilizes a specialized replisome, which underlies ALT telomere maintenance. DNA double-strand breaks enact nascent telomere synthesis by long-tract unidirectional replication. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) loading by replication factor C (RFC) acts as the initial sensor of telomere damage to establish predominance of DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) through its POLD3 subunit. Break-induced telomere synthesis requires the RFC-PCNA-Pol δ axis, but is independent of other canonical replisome components, ATM and ATR, or the homologous recombination protein Rad51. Thus, the inception of telomere damage recognition by the break-induced replisome orchestrates homology-directed telomere maintenance.
A Split-Step Solution of the Fokker-Planck Equation for the Conditional Density

We have developed and tested a new algorithm, which we call the "wave filter," that solves the nonlinear filtering problem with discrete-time measurements by solving the Fokker-Planck equation for the conditional probability density function using a split-step technique. The wave filter uses fast convolution to compute the effect of process noise at discrete times. Between measurements, the conditional density is propagated by solving a system of ordinary differential equations. Measurement update is carried out via Bayes' rule. We propose the "adjoint method" to reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm by adaptively varying the mesh size.
Finding Autonomy through Creative Frustration: An Auto-Ethnographic Study of the Creative Process

Focusing on the point of creative frustration, I take the stance that students must establish autonomy in educational settings and create agency, in order to generate and continue creative endeavors. I hope to show students' perspectives that have been creatively challenged in their educational processes. This will open the discussion of how students will be able to achieve autonomy and agency, in order to navigate through the hierarchy of the educational setting. Through an auto-ethnographic lens, I will explore my past experience with a university theater department, paralleling that of David D. Sapp's (1992) extension of Graham Wallas' model of the creative process. Too often, students feel stifled in their creative undertakings because of obstacles placed in their way by mediators. Although momentarily stifling, these creative limitations only come from the student's inability to find creative ways around, and eventually through, such blockades. The existence of external forces on the creative process must be treated as something intrinsically inherent to all creative endeavors, not a separate entity. Students need to see these external forces on the creative process as something that may expand and ultimately enhance the overall outcomes of the creative product at hand. In this case, the external forces of a mediator will be looked at, from the point of view of a graduate student attempting to create, produce, and stage a play within the university theater's academic limitations.
Treatment of Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) suffer infertility primarily because of chronic anovulation, the basis for which has not been completely established. Fundamental to the problem is decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and arrest of follicle growth at the midantral stage of development. As a result, treatment methods that result in increased FSH release are associated with ovulatory responses in many individuals. In particular, clomiphene citrate has proven to be an effective means of ovulation induction. Failure to respond to clomiphene has led to the use of gonadotropin therapy with good results. However, the benefit of gonadotropin use is balanced against the increased risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Insulin resistance is a common feature of PCOS and treatment with insulin-lowering drugs has provided an effective alternative for individuals that are clomiphene-resistant and reluctant to advance to gonadotropin therapy. Ovulatory responses to metformin and thiazolidinediones have been variable, as judged by published studies, although in general, they appear to be at least as effective as clomiphene citrate. whether the combination of an insulin-lowering drug and clomiphene citrate holds greater benefit, compared with either method alone remains to be established.
Treatment Outcomes of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation-Eligible Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Patients.

Background The guideline for treating unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ubAVMs) remains controversial. A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) reported lower risk of stroke or death with conservative management compared to interventional treatment. There were numerous limitations to the study, including short follow-up period and disproportionate number of patients treated with surgery and embolization. Objective To evaluate whether treatment of ARUBA-eligible patients have acceptable outcomes at our institution. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on 673 patients with brain AVMs treated at our institution between 2001 and 2014. One hundred five patients were ARUBA eligible and included in the study. Patients were divided into the microsurgery or Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKS; Elekta, Stockholm, Sweden) arm depending on their final treatment. Mean follow-up period was 43 mo (range 4-136 mo). Primary outcome was stroke or death. Results A total of 8 (7.6%) patients had a stroke or died. The overall risk of stroke or death was 11.4% (5 of 44 patients) for the microsurgery arm and 4.9% (3 of 61 patients) for the GKS arm. The annual rates of stroke or death were 2.1%, 4.0%, and 1.2% for the entire patient cohort, microsurgery arm, and GKS arm, respectively. AVM obliteration rates at the end of the follow-up period were 95.5% and 47.5% for the microsurgery and GKS arms, respectively. Conclusion We report a lower overall risk of stroke or death in our ARUBA-eligible patients following treatment than ARUBA. Our results suggest that microsurgery and GKS may be appropriate treatments for patients with ubAVM.
Problems of Alloy Design in Pressure Vessel Steels

The fracture resistance of alloy steels at ordinary and elevated temperatures and in aggressive environments is at present limited by tendencies toward intergranular fracture at low stress levels. The theses developed here are that these tendencies result from segregated metalloid impurities and that this problem can be alleviated by microstructural control and by adjustments of the alloy content of the steel.
Measuring general physical functioning

Physical functioning reflects the functioning of specific body parts (e.g., arms and hands, legs) as well as general ability to engage in instrumental activities such as cooking, cleaning, and running errands. Clinicians should consider assessing and monitoring global physical functioning in patients with pain problems for a number of reasons. First, physical functioning is influenced by pain, so improvements in physical functioning with pain treatment could be used as evidence for positive treatment outcome. At the same time, if substantial improvements in some pain domains — such as pain intensity — are observed, while little improvement in physical functioning is seen, this may be used as evidence that treatment may not be adequately broad enough to influence global rehabilitation.
The Population Genetic Structure of Diploid Medicago sativa L. Germplasm

The three subspecies Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea (syn. coerulea), M. sativa subsp. falcata, and M. sativa subsp. hemicycla are considered to form the diploid gene pool of cultivated alfalfa (M. sativa subsp. sativa). The diploid gene pool is underutilized in breeding programs despite extensive morphological variation and the simplicity of disomic inheritance. Population structure and the genetic basis of the current morphologically-based classification of diploid germplasm are not known. We analyzed the population genetic structure of wild diploid alfalfa germplasm by evaluating 374 individual genotypes from 120 accessions, representing the broad natural variation of the three subspecies, with 89 microsatellite markers. We found that the three subspecies formed distinct clusters, with evidence of further subdivision of falcata and caerulea into two subclusters each. The genetic distinction between the two falcata subclusters is more definitive than that of the two caerulea groups. Genome composition suggests extensive gene flow where subspecies and/or groups within subspecies grow sympatrically. The results will help breeders identify appropriate diploid accessions to maximize diversity in applied germplasm development.
Comparison of Fracture Location and Extent of Comminution in Isolated Scaphoid Fractures Versus Transscaphoid Fracture-Dislocations.

Background: Isolated scaphoid fractures (ISFs) are common, whereas transscaphoid fracture-dislocations (TSFDs) are not. Scaphoid fracture location and the extent of comminution are factors that aff...
New Switched-Multi-Source Inverter Topology with Optimum Number of Used Switches

In this paper, a new Switched-Source Multilevel Inverter (SSMLI) topology is proposed. The new topology outperforms existing SSMLI topologies by reducing the number of switches required to generate a voltage level, presenting a lower voltage stress on the switches, and thus making the inverter more cost- and size-efficient. The proposed topology also presents a lower number of switches in the current path, which can be interpreted as an improvement on the total power loss of the inverter. The basic unit is comprised of two power sources and six switches. As standalone, it is capable of generating 5-level output voltage in symmetric mode (i.e., equal-value power sources), and 7-level output voltage in asymmetric mode (i.e., unequal-value power sources). When $m$ number of basic units are cascaded, the inverter can generate up to 2m+ 1 + 1 output voltage levels for symmetric-mode operation and 22m+1-1 (m = 1,2,3, …) for asymmetric-mode operation. Simulation results using Mat-lab/Simulink for 7-level output voltage (1 cascaded unit) and for 31-level output voltage (2 cascaded units) are presented here, and they successfully validate the performance of the proposed topology.