cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two dimensional advective heat flux estimation from velocity measurements

Abstract The advective heat flux, ρc p v · ∇ T , is an important quantity in edge flames because the sign of v · ∇ T characterizes relative propagation direction of the edge flame, and its magnitude gives information regarding strength of the resulting propagation or extinction front. Modern laser techniques can measure the velocity and temperature fields simultaneously within a flame, but accurate measurements of temperature simultaneous with velocity outside the high temperature region of the flame are more difficult and time-resolved measurements of velocity and temperature simultaneously for unsteady flows require complex measurement systems. In this paper, the theoretical framework to show that the flow dilatation can be used to directly estimate a scaled advective heat flux is presented. Numerical simulations of both a positive (propagating) and negative (extinguishing) edge flame were studied to assess the relationship between dilatation and advective heat flux. Experimental measurements of the two-dimensional component of dilatation in positive and negative edge flames were also made and compared to the simulations. The full advective heat flux was well represented by the dilatation in the simulations, and the experimental data demonstrates that the measured dilatation is useful for estimating advective heat flux. Flames with varying positive and negative flame speeds are examined with the technique.
Top Quark Physics at DØ

For the next ten years, top quark physics will be aggressively pursued by experiments at both the Fermilab Tevatron and CERN Large Hadron Collider. There are many reasons why top quark physics is compelling physics. Radiative corrections to the W-boson mass link the W-boson mass with the top quark mass and Higgs boson mass. Precise measurements of the top quark mass and W-boson mass provide an indirect measurement of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson mass. If, or when, the Higgs boson is discovered, comparison of the measured Higgs boson mass with this indirect method will be a crucial test for the Standard Model.
Substance Use in Rural Central Appalachia: Current Status and Treatment Considerations

The burden of substance use and especially the unmatched rates of overdoses in rural Central Appalachia highlight the need for innovative approaches to curb the initiation to drug misuse and to address current substance use disorders. Effective substance use interventions involve a thorough understanding of the region. In Central Appalachia, many of the barriers to treatment are shared with other rural and impoverished areas, including a lack of access to health care and lack of health care providers with specialized training. Parts of Appalachia also present their own considerations, including the challenges of fostering trust and encouraging treatment-seeking in communities with dense, long-term, place-based social and family networks. Current policies and interventions for substance use have been largely inadequate in the region, as evidenced by continued increases in substance use and substance-related deaths, especially related to nonmedical prescription drug use and increasing heroin use. The authors discuss ways in which rural life, poverty, identity, and values in Appalachia have influenced substance use and treatment and propose strategies and interventions to improve outcomes.
Gradual plasticity alters population dynamics in variable environments: thermal acclimation in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhartdii.

Environmental variability is ubiquitous, but its effects on populations are not fully understood or predictable. Recent attention has focused on how rapid evolution can impact ecological dynamics v...
CRT-700.34 Impact of Gender on Mortality in Adults Undergoing Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Limited data exists regarding gender differences in outcomes following transcatheter (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). We sought to review the published data and perform a systematic review to investigate differences in mortality between men and women following TAVR and SAVR. We
Respirable Silica: An Analysis of Recent Advances

Prevention and reduction of anthropogenically released greenhouse gasses and respirable particulate matter has enhanced health with environmental monitoring. It has shown exposure to carcinogens. Air quality analysis showed silica, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfuroxides, nitroxides, and ozone were associated with respiratory diseases in urban, residential, street level areas near windows. Moreover, validation with measurements of temperature, humidity, climate change, or energy production and consumption may show more silica associated with public health.
Changes in patellofemoral pain resulting from repetitive impact landings are associated with the magnitude and rate of patellofemoral joint loading.

Abstract Background Although a relationship between elevated patellofemoral forces and pain has been proposed, it is unknown which joint loading variable (magnitude, rate) is best associated with pain changes. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among patellofemoral joint loading variables and changes in patellofemoral pain across repeated single limb landings. Methods Thirty-one females (age: 23.5(2.8) year; height: 166.8(5.8) cm; mass: 59.6(8.1) kg) with PFP performed 5 landing trials from 0.25 m. The dependent variable was rate of change in pain obtained from self-reported pain scores following each trial. Independent variables included 5-trial averages of peak, time-integral, and average and maximum development rates of the patellofemoral joint reaction force obtained using a previously described model. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate individual associations between rate of change in pain and each independent variable (α = 0.05). Stepwise linear multiple regression (αenter = 0.05; αexit = 0.10) was used to identify the best predictor of rate of change in pain. Findings Subjects reported an average increase of 0.38 pain points with each landing trial. Although, rate of change in pain was positively correlated with peak force (r = 0.44, p = 0.01), and average (r = 0.41, p = 0.02) and maximum force development rates (r = 0.39, p = 0.03), only the peak force entered the predictive model explaining 19% of variance in rate of change in pain (r2 = 0.19, p = 0.01). Interpretation Peak patellofemoral joint reaction force was the best predictor of the rate of change in pain following repetitive singe limb landings. The current study supports the theory that patellofemoral joint loading contributes to changes in patellofemoral pain.
Design of a Mars Entry “Aeroshell”

The external shell of the Project Viking capsule, which will provide atmospheric deceleration for the 1976 landing of an unmanned spacecraft on the surface of Mars, is a wide-angle, stiffened cone subject to buckling under entry aerodynamic pressure. Complex, highly optimized structural prototype and flight designs were evolved through the application of relatively advanced buckling analysis methodology. Both designs were evaluated through tests and analysis with improved shell-of-revolution computer programs. Deviations between the analyses and experiments were resolved only by modeling the thin-walled rings as shell branches. The results illustrate the great complexity of shell behavior and the designer’s need for reliable analysis tools capable of representing detailed structural behavior with greater accuracy than is current practice.
Duodenal web presenting outside the neonatal period concurrently with malrotation and mid-gut volvulus

Abstract Fetal development of the intestinal tract involves multiple embryological events at the culmination of which the duodenojejunal junction is fixed in the left upper quadrant and cecum in the right lower quadrant. Developmental anomalies affecting the normal rotation of the fetal intestines occur as frequently as 1% of the population. Patients with malrotation are at risk for midgut volvulus, a surgical emergency with potential catastrophic outcomes with an incidence of 1:6000. Congenital duodenal atresia and stenosis is a frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates and the incidence is estimated to be between 1:4000–15000 livebirths. Developmental failure of the recanalization of the fetal duodenum leads to an intrinsic web or atresia. Classically, malrotation with midgut volvulus is often diagnosed in a previously healthy term neonate with bilious emesis. While duodenal webs can have a similar presentation, the concurrence of both pathological entities leading to bowel obstruction is rarely reported. In this report we present a case of a 2 year old previously asymptomatic male child presenting with bilious emesis and found to have malrotation with volvulus and a concurrent duodenal web.
Breathing New Life into Interstitial Lung Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Clinical heterogeneity is a hallmark of many autoimmune disorders, and clinical or subclinical pulmonary involvement is a common extraarticular feature of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) phenotype. High-resolution computed tomography reveals evidence of pulmonary abnormalities in more than half of patients with RA, and clinically significant interstitial lung disease (ILD) will develop in approximately 10% of patients.1 It is currently difficult to identify these patients and to intervene early in the clinical course of their lung disease. The application of genomewide association studies to the search for common genetic variants involved in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has produced a rich harvest . . .
Survey of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurses' Use of a Motion/Sound Infant Seat.

Background:Perinatal substance exposure is an increasing concern in infants being cared for in neonatal intensive care units. Current recommendations support nonpharmacologic treatments for this population of infants. Multimodal (motion, sound) seats are often employed to soothe infants.Purpose:The
Does Medicaid Insurance Provide Sufficient Access to Pediatric Orthopedic Care Under the Affordable Care Act

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act had a profound impact on health insurance coverage of children. Given the importance of pediatric specialty care, this study assessed access to pediatric orthopedic urgent care for a child's likely operative distal radius fracture. Researchers called 180 pediatric orthopedic surgeons in 8 states requesting appointments for the caller's fictitious 11-year-old child who suffered a distal radius fracture. Each office was called twice to assess the ability to obtain an appointment for Medicaid and privately insured patients. Overall, significantly fewer offices scheduled appointments for Medicaid than privately insured patients (38.3% vs 82.8%, P < .001). Patients with Medicaid in states without Medicaid expansion were more successful in obtaining appointments than patients with Medicaid in states with Medicaid expansion (41 [47%] vs 28 [30%]; P < .001; 95% confidence interval = 0.3-0.9). Pediatric Medicaid patients experienced reduced access to care, and this access was worse in states that had expanded Medicaid eligibility.
Investigating associations between pain and complicated grief symptoms in bereaved Japanese older adults.

Objectives: About 10% of those who lose a loved one in hospice or palliative care settings will experience a mental health condition characterized by severe, prolonged grief responses. Criteria for...
MicroRNAs in Heart Development

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs of ~22nt in length which are involved in the regulation of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by degrading their target mRNAs and/or inhibiting their translation. Expressed ubiquitously or in a tissue-specific manner, miRNAs are involved in the regulation of many biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and the maintenance of normal cellular physiology. Many miRNAs are expressed in embryonic, postnatal, and adult hearts. Aberrant expression or genetic deletion of miRNAs is associated with abnormal cardiac cell differentiation, disruption of heart development, and cardiac dysfunction. This chapter will summarize the history, biogenesis, and processing of miRNAs as well as their function in heart development, remodeling, and disease.
Kissing bugs (Triatoma) and the skin.

Kissing bugs (Family Reduviidae) can be the source of nocturnal dermatologic wounds in the mid to southern latitudes in the United States. The insects are obligate blood feeders and though the bites may be asymptomatic, a variety of dermatologic eruptions or death from anaphylaxis can result. The various dermatologic forms of the bite can be mistaken for herpes zoster, erythema multiforme and the ubiquitous catch-all diagnoses of "spider-bite."
Effect of primary colorectal cancer tumor location on survival after pulmonary metastasectomy.

Abstract Objectives Although colorectal cancer bowel segment location has been shown to independently predict the outcomes in early stage disease, it has not been previously studied in the setting of pulmonary metastases. We sought to determine whether colorectal cancer location affects survival after pulmonary metastasectomy. Methods Patients who had undergone pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer at a single institution from 2011 to 2018 were reviewed. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of overall survival and disease-free survival. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to determine differences between groups. Results A total of 194 patients were evaluated. The median follow-up, survival time, and 5-year survival rate were 36.8 months, 75.8 months, and 57%, respectively, and 122 patients (63%) had experienced disease recurrence at any location. On univariable analysis, age, primary tumor location, pulmonary nodule size, ≥3 pulmonary nodules, and intrathoracic nodal disease were associated with overall survival. On multivariable analysis, patients with left-sided tumors experienced a survival benefit (hazard ratio, 0.31; P = .036). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a median survival time of 90 months (95% confidence interval, 82 months to not reached) compared with 55 months (95% confidence interval, 49 months to not reached) for patients with left-sided and rectal tumors, respectively, after metastasectomy (P = .078). Location was not associated with disease-free survival on Cox multivariable regression. Conclusions We found that left-sided colorectal cancer is associated with prolonged survival after pulmonary metastasectomy. Future investigations are required to determine the validity of such findings, including the effect of location in the prognostication for patients who are candidates for pulmonary metastasectomy.
Sleep, Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular Health: MESA

Introduction Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity are each independently associated with cardiovascular health (CVH). It is unknown how substituting time in sedentary behavior with sleep or physical activity affects overall CVH. Methods Data for this analysis were taken from the Multi-Ethnic Study on Atherosclerosis Sleep Ancillary Study. Eligible participants (N = 1718) wore Actiwatch accelerometers for 24 h and had at least 3 d of valid accelerometry. The American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 was used to represent the CVH score after excluding the physical activity component, with higher scores indicating more favorable CVH. Isotemporal substitution modeling was conducted to examine the effect of substituting 30 min of sedentary time for an equivalent amount of sleep, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), or moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results Substituting 30 min of sedentary time to sleep, LIPA, and MVPA was associated with a significantly higher CVH score [β (95% confidence interval) = 0.077 (0.056), 0.039 (0.033), and 0.485 (0.127), respectively]. Substituting 30 min of sedentary time to sleep was associated with lower body mass index (BMI). Substituting 30 min of sedentary time to LIPA was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol, and lower BMI. Substituting 30 min of sedentary time to MVPA was associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lower BMI. Conclusions Sleep, LIPA, and MVPA are all associated with more favorable overall CVH and several key risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These findings underscore the importance of lifestyle modifications in improving CVH.
Transdisciplinary Approach in Middle School: A Case Study of Co-teaching Practices in STEAM Teams

A call for educational reform motivated this school system to devise an enhanced version of STEM in their middle school. This case provides rich descriptions of how eighth grade middle school teachers, from multiple disciplines, enacted a STEAM team model that integrated Language Arts into STEM. These STEAM team teachers were systematically studied during field observations of 100+ class sessions using what they referred to as transdisciplinary co-teaching , flexible scheduling, and multiple types of physical spaces to further engage students. Different dimensions of co-teaching were observed. The most frequently observed was reconstructed, followed by predisciplinary , correlated , and shared . Types of instruction other than reconstructed , did not fit the school’s proposed definitions of transdisciplinary co-teaching. Thoughts are shared on lessons learned.
Who owns and cares about the data? A method for identifying and gathering information for business research investigations:

Information overload has always been a challenge for businesspeople as well as professionals from other types of organizations. And today with search algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) suc...
Ethnic-Racial discrimination experiences predict Latinx adolescents' physiological stress processes across college transition.

Summary Consistent with conceptual frameworks of ethnic-race-based stress responses, and empirical evidence for the detrimental effects of ethnic-racial discrimination, the current study hypothesized that experiencing more frequent ethnic-racial discrimination during adolescence would predict differences in physiological responses to psychosocial stress across the college transition. U.S. Latinx adolescents (N = 84; Mage = 18.56; SD = 0.35; 63.1% female; 85.7% Mexican descent) completed survey measures of ethnic-racial discrimination during their final year of high school and first college semester (~5 months later), as well as a standard psychosocial stressor task during their first college semester. Repeated blood pressure and salivary cortisol measures were recorded to assess cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity at baseline and stress reactivity and recovery. Data were analyzed using multilevel growth models. Experiencing more frequent ethnic-racial discrimination in high school, specifically from adults, predicted higher baseline physiological stress levels and lower reactivity to psychosocial stress during the first college semester, evidenced by both blood pressure and cortisol measures. Experiencing ethnic-racial discrimination from peers in high school also predicted higher baseline blood pressure in college, but not stress reactivity indices. Results were consistent when controlling for concurrent reports of ethnic-racial discrimination, gender, parents’ education level, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, time between longitudinal assessments, depressive symptoms, and general perceived stress. Experiencing frequent ethnic-racial discrimination during adolescence may lead to overburdening stress response systems, indexed by lower cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity. Multiple physiological stress systems are sensitive to the consequences of ethnic-racial discrimination among Latinx adolescents transitioning to college.
Deep Set Auto Encoders for Anomaly Detection in Particle Physics

There is an increased interest in model agnostic search strategies for physics beyond the standard model at the Large Hadron Collider. We introduce a Deep Set Variational Autoencoder and present results on the Dark Machines Anomaly Score Challenge. We find that the method attains the best anomaly detection ability when there is no decoding step for the network, and the anomaly score is based solely on the representation within the encoded latent space. This method was one of the top-performing models in the Dark Machines Challenge, both for the open data sets as well as the blinded data sets.
Symmetry reduction in a hyperpolarization-activated homotetrameric ion channel

Plants obtain nutrients from the soil via transmembrane transporters and channels in their root hairs, from which ions radially transport in towards the xylem for distribution across the plant body. We determined structures of the hyperpolarization-activated channel AKT1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, which mediates K+ uptake from the soil into plant roots. These structures of AtAKT1 embedded in lipid nanodiscs show that the channel undergoes a reduction of C4 to C2 symmetry, possibly to regulate its electrical activation.
Inference of high-resolution trajectories in single-cell RNA-seq data by using RNA velocity

Summary Trajectory inference (TI) methods infer cell developmental trajectory from single-cell RNA sequencing data. Current TI methods can be categorized into those using RNA velocity information and those using only single-cell gene expression data. The latter type of methods are restricted to certain trajectory structures, and cannot determine cell developmental direction. Recently proposed TI methods using RNA velocity information have limited accuracy. We present CellPath, a method that infers cell trajectories by integrating single-cell gene expression and RNA velocity information. CellPath overcomes the restrictions of TI methods that do not use RNA velocity information: it can find multiple high-resolution trajectories without constraints on the trajectory structure, and can automatically detect the direction of each trajectory path. We evaluate CellPath on both real and simulated datasets and show that CellPath finds more accurate and detailed trajectories than the state-of-the-art TI methods using or not using RNA velocity information.
Nonconvexity and Descent in Nonlinear Programming

Nonconvexity in nonlinear and quadratic programming is studied in the context of a full space successive quadratic programming (SQP) method with analytical second derivatives. It is shown that nonconvexity can lead to indefinite quadratic programs and multiple Kuhn-Tucker points in both the quadratic and nonlinear programs. It is also shown that some quadratic programming solutions are not descent directions for the parent SQP method and can lead to increased computational work or failure in the nonlinear programming calculations. A simple heuristic-based methodology is proposed to improve the chances of calculating a descent direction for the nonlinear programming algorithm. The associated algorithmic logic is based on pruning and mirroring. Several chemical process optimization problems are used to show that the proposed methodology is useful in calculating descent directions from indefinite quadratic programs and often results in convergence to the desired nonlinear programming solution in a reliable and efficient manner.
Fast-J: Accurate Simulation of In- and Below-Cloud Photolysis in Tropospheric Chemical Models

Photolysis rates in the troposphere are greatly affected by the presenceof cloud and aerosol layers. Yet, the spatial variability of theselayers along with the difficulty of multiple-scattering calculationsfor large particles makes their inclusion in 3-D chemical transportmodels computationally very expensive.This study presents a flexible and accurate photolysis scheme, Fast-J,which calculates photolysis rates in the presence of an arbitrary mix ofcloud and aerosol layers. The algorithm is sufficiently fast to allow thescheme to be incorporated into 3-D global chemical transport models andhave photolysis rates updated hourly. It enables tropospheric chemistrysimulations to include directly the physical properties of the scatteringand absorbing particles in the column, including the full, untruncatedscattering phase function and the total, uncorrected optical depth.The Fast-J scheme is compared with earlier methods that have been usedin 3-D models to parameterize the effects of clouds on photolysis rates.The impact of Fast-J on tropospheric ozone chemistry is demonstratedwith the UCI tropospheric CTM.
Distributed Information Forwarding Using Delay Function in Wireless Mobile Networks

In this work, we propose a new routing control related information forwarding scheme using delay functions. Each packet experiences some forwarding delay at every single node where the packet traverses. We first propose a conservative delay function from strict end-to-end delay bound and then relax it step by step. At the end, we consider a cross-layer delay function which is a even more realistic and practical. We show its performance by simulation in mesh networks. This scheme is useful in relatively dynamic networks.
Public Engagement with the Criminal Justice System in the Age of Social Media

English Abstract: Exemplified by the landmark trial of O.J. Simpson, news media coverage of criminal cases in the United States is now regularly dominated by tabloid style coverage, complete with fixation on the victims and accused in criminal cases. Investigators have shown that such coverage of criminal proceedings is linked to decreasing levels of public trust and confidence in the criminal justice system. What is not yet understood is how rapid changes to the media universe in terms of online news sources and social networking are impacting coverage of criminal proceedings and public understanding of the criminal justice system. By surveying the American public on their news consumption habits, participation in social networking, knowledge and opinions of highly publicized criminal cases, and perceptions of the legitimacy of the justice system, we offer one of the first analyses of social media’s impact on public interaction with the criminal justice system. Ultimately we find little evidence that social media is enhancing citizen knowledge about or confidence in the criminal justice system, but we do uncover strong evidence that social media engagement with criminal trials leads to a greater desire for vengeance and encouragement of vigilante attitudes and behavior. Spanish Abstract: Como demostro el emblematico juicio a O.J. Simpson, la cobertura mediatica de los casos penales en los Estados Unidos esta dominada de forma regular por una cobertura de estilo sensacionalista, centrando su atencion en las victimas y acusados de los casos criminales. Investigaciones han demostrado que esta cobertura de los procesos criminales esta relacionada con un menor nivel de confianza del publico en el sistema de justicia criminal. Todavia no se conoce con que rapidez estan impactando los cambios en el universo de los medios de comunicacion que han llegado de la mano de las fuentes de informacion en linea y las redes sociales, en la cobertura de los procesos criminales y la comprension del publico del sistema de justicia criminal. A traves de entrevistas al publico estadounidense sobre sus habitos de consumo de noticias, participacion en redes sociales, conocimiento y opiniones de casos criminales muy difundidos, y las percepciones de la legitimidad del sistema de justicia, ofrecemos uno de los primeros analisis sobre el impacto de las redes sociales en la interaccion con el sistema de justicia criminal. Basicamente, se ha encontrado poca evidencia de que las redes sociales esten fortaleciendo el conocimiento o confianza de los ciudadanos en el sistema de justicia criminal. Sin embargo, si se ha puesto en relieve una fuerte evidencia de que la relacion entre redes sociales y juicios criminales lleva a un mayor deseo de venganza y fomenta actitudes y comportamientos para que se tome la justicia por su propia mano.
Online Marketing Communications

ABSTRACTTo explore gender differences in Internet advertising, this study analyzes gender in relation to interactivity. Specifically, assessments of commercial Web sites help clarify the role of gender for online consumer behavior, its effect on interactivity and advertising effectiveness, and the implications for online marketing communications. This exploration relies on dimensions of consumers’ online behavior and consumers’ beliefs about the interactive communication environment in relation to three types of features: human-to-human, human-to-computer, and human-to-content. The investigation of gender differences in Internet advertising uses both computer observations with screen-capturing software and a survey. The study subjects are college-aged students, or Generation Y, a group of consumers who tend to go online in great numbers, have considerable spending power, and are computer savvy.
Perceptions of Childhood Obesity on the Texas‐Mexico Border

Objectives: We sought to determine the extent of intracultural consensus in perceptions of childhood obesity among Mexican American mothers living on the Texas-Mexico border. Design and Sample: A descriptive, cross-sectional study examined women's judgments about the parameters of childhood obesity. The convenience sample consisted of 61 Mexican American women who were mothers of at least 1 child under age 18. Measures: Participants underwent an anthropometric assessment and were surveyed regarding self-perceived weight and household food security. They were then shown photographs of 36 Mexican American boys ages 6 and 7 and asked to sort them into categories by weight status; they also selected 3 children they believed represented the healthiest, most appropriate weight for age. Accuracy scores were computed and examined for bivariate relationships with women's own body mass index (BMI) and survey responses. Results: We found considerable intracultural variation in women's judgments, which could not be explained by the anthropometric and survey variables tested. Women selected a wide range of percentiles as representative of a healthy child. On average, about half of the truly overweight children (BMI≥95th percentile), however, were considered normal or even underweight. Conclusions: Local perceptions and language may not correspond to CDC/WHO clinical standards. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Searching for Culturally Responsive Formative Reading Assessments: Retellings, Comprehension Questions, and Student Interviews

How do formative reading assessments influence educators’ ability to assess readers’ understandings in culturally responsive ways? This study examines three formative reading assessments to explore the capacity of each measure to fairly represent readers’ understandings without being influenced negatively by social and cultural diversity. The guiding question is “How do these three formative assessments inform and support culturally responsive literacy instruction?” Participants in this study include 10 young adolescent African American male readers. Data collection and analysis took place in a Midwestern urban university in the United States and makes use of a cross case comparison format. Interviews reveal that readers are the best informants regarding their own understandings about texts. Comprehension questions and retellings reveal discrepancies across readers’ understandings. It is crucial that students are given the benefit of responsive assessments in order to accurately demonstrate academic strengths and areas of instructional need.
Confronting the "Threat" of Private Practice: Challenges for Social Work Educators.

Although an increasing number of social workers are engaging in private clinical practice and a majority of entering MSW students plan to do so, content on private practice is generally not included in MSW curricula. This article reports on a 1992-93 survey of faculty and student attitudes concerning various aspects of studying private practice in MSW programs. It compares the views of the two groups, assesses the implications for social work education, and encourages creative approaches to integrating the realities of professional practice with the traditional values and mission of social work.
Biplane transesophageal echocardiography utilizing transverse and sagittal imaging planes: technique, echo-anatomic correlations, and display approaches.

The recent development of biplane transesophageal probes equipped with both transverse plane and sagittal plane imaging transducers allows a more complete examination of cardiac and aortic anatomy than is possible with conventional single plane transesophageal instruments. While the imaging planes used in transverse plane transesophageal imaging have been standardized, several different approaches have been suggested for the orientation and display of the newer sagittal plane images. An accepted display convention for the transverse and sagittal plane images would ease interpretation of the multiple complex images obtained during the biplane transesophageal examination. In this article, the different transverse plane and sagittal plane echocardiographic images that may be acquired during the biplane transesophageal examination are described and correlated with cardiac anatomy. A method for image display orientation is suggested that is most consistent with that previously used for the single plane transesophageal examination. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 8, May 1991)
Integrating a spatial reasoner with a resolution theorem-prover

Some spatial reasoning systems use images to solve problems, rather than making formal logical inferences. However, an open question is how to use these systems in contexts where some nonspatial information is also involved. We present a hybrid reasoning method in which we extend the capabilities of a spatial reasoner by integrating it with a resolution theorem-prover. We prove that the hybrid system is refutation-complete, in the sense that, if a domain theory is unsatisfiable, perhaps only because all of its models entail unrealizable images, then our algorithm will halt. We discuss how our approach differs from other hybrid reasoning algorithms in the way it manages the interaction between sub-systems.
New Capabilities for Arctic Research Through the Use of Unmanned Aircraft

Airborne measurements are crucial to observing and understanding atmospheric climate processes. Starting in the early 1990s, the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Monitoring (ARM) program pushed the frontiers of atmospheric research with aerial campaigns in Oklahoma and later on the North Slope of Alaska. That work addressed a long-standing priority of the program, namely, improving the representation of clouds in climate models.
Efficient Mining of Niches and Set Routines

It is widely recognized that successful businesses usually fall into set routines and become limited by their past. To remain successful, they need to discover new opportunities and niches. Niches are surprising rules that contradict the set routines; they capture significant, representative client sectors that deserve new, more profitable treatments; they are not merely strong-rule and exception pairs. In this paper we study the efficient mining of set routines and niches. We also introduce a semantic approach to select a set of representative patterns, and present an efficient incremental algorithm to implement the approach.
Committed White Male Teachers and Identifications: Toward Creative Identifications and a “Second Wave” of White Identity Studies

AbstractCommitted White male teachers of inner-city students seeks to supersede previous research on White teacher and other White identities by narrating respondents’ “creative identifications” and initiating a “second wave” of White identity studies. This research reflection articulates complex, viable, and creative White identities, reconceptualized here as creative identifications. Using life history methodology, this research reflection articulates respondents’ identifications as they emerge in life histories. Critiquing, engaging, and extending scholarship on White teachers, this reflection reveals respondents’ recodings of White identifications and articulates how these recodings become useful in classrooms. Specifically, respondents recode bounded identifications, at times in progressive ways, using alternative media, illegal drug experiences, process spirituality, and other cultural resources in processes of “self” identification. This reflection articulates these complex and nuanced White teache...
The cardiovascular effects of nitrous oxide-halothane anesthesia in man.

The cardiovascular effects of nitrous oxide-halo-thane-oxygen anesthesia were studied in eight unpremedicated healthy male volunteers and the results compared with those obtained in previous studies in which only halothane-oxygen anesthesia was used. Adding nitrous oxide to halothane-oxygen anesthesia resulted in less depression of the cardiovascular system than comparable levels of halothane-oxygen anesthesia. The differences were greatest at light levels of anesthesia and early in the anesthetic course. Most of the differences between the nitrous oxide and non-nitrous oxide groups were abolished at deeper levels of halothane anesthesia or after five hours of anesthesia had elapsed. Body temperature increased an average of 0.3 C with increasing depth of halothane anesthesia when nitrous oxide was present. The effect of discontinuing nitrous oxide for 15 minutes was also compared with data from a previous study in which nitrous oxide was added to halothane-oxygen anesthesia. The results seem to conform a sympathetic stimulating action of nitrous oxide.
Cardiac Troponins and High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays

Measurement of circulating cardiac troponins I and T has become integral to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. This article discusses the structure and function of the troponin complex and the release of cardiac troponin molecules from the injured cardiomyocyte into the circulation. An overview of current cardiac troponin assays and their classification according to sensitivity is presented. The diagnostic criteria, role, and usefulness of cardiac troponin for myocardial infarction are discussed. In addition, several examples are given of the usefulness of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays for short-term and long-term prediction of adverse events.
Impacts of paper sludge and manure on soil and biomass production of willow

Land application of organic wastes to short rotation woody crops (SRWC) can reduce the environmental impacts associated with waste disposal and enhance the productivity of biomass production systems. Understanding the potential impacts of organic amendments however, requires the examination of changes in soil characteristics and plant productivity. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of paper sludge and dairy manure on biomass production of shrub willow (Salix dasyclados SV1) and to determine the impacts of these amendments on soil chemical properties. Treatments included urea, dairy manure and paper sludge separately and in combination, and a control. These materials were applied in the summer of 2005 to two fields of SV1 at different stages of growth: An old field with one year old shoots on a 10 year old root system and a young field which was beginning regrowth after being coppiced at the end of its first growing season. Foliar nutrient concentrations and soil chemical properties were analyzed at the end of the second growing season after treatment application to determine plant response to the fertilization regimes and to determine the effects of fertilization on soil characteristics. Fertilization did not increase biomass production in either field. However, application of the N-poor paper sludge did not reduce yield either. In general, fertilization did not influence soil or foliar chemistry, although there were some exceptions. The lack of response observed in this study is probably related to the nutrient status of the site or losses of applied nutrients.
L-Estimation for Linear Models

Abstract Linear combinations of order statistics, or L-estimators, have played an extremely important role in the development of robust methods for the one-sample problem. We suggest analogs of L-estimators for the parameters of the linear model based on the p-dimensional “regression quantiles” proposed by Koenker and Bassett (1978). A uniform, Bahadur-type asymptotic representation of regression quantiles is established, and this yields a general asymptotic theory of L-estimators for the linear model. A leading example of the proposed estimators is an analog of the trimmed mean (TRQ), which is asymptotically equivalent to the trimmed least squares estimator studied by Ruppert and Carroll (1980), but appears to be somewhat less sensitive to influential design observations. This estimator is also asymptotically equivalent to the well-known Huber M-estimator, but offers the significant advantage that it is scale invariant. We illustrate the methods by reconsidering a mid-18th century linear model analyzed b...
Bayesian accelerated failure time analysis with application to veterinary epidemiology.

Standard methods for analysing survival data with covariates rely on asymptotic inferences. Bayesian methods can be performed using simple computations and are applicable for any sample size. We propose a practical method for making prior specifications and discuss a complete Bayesian analysis for parametric accelerated failure time regression models. We emphasize inferences for the survival curve rather than regression coefficients. A key feature of the Bayesian framework is that model comparisons for various choices of baseline distribution are easily handled by the calculation of Bayes factors. Such comparisons between non-nested models are difficult in the frequentist setting. We illustrate diagnostic tools and examine the sensitivity of the Bayesian methods.
Structural chemistry of supramolecular assemblies that place flat molecular surfaces around the curved exteriors of fullerenes

Abstract An overview of the structural chemistry of fullerene compounds that are at least partially encapsulated by other moieties, (aromatic rings, calixarenes, metalloporphyrins) or ions (silver nitrate), is given.
Understanding the role of parental support for IT career decision making using the theory of self‐authorship

Women's representation in the information technology (IT) workforce has declined to an all time low of 18.5% in the last 8 years. In order to support women to become interested in, enter and remain in the IT field, this study uses the theory of self-authorship and path analysis to investigate the role of parental support in influencing IT career choice and interest for a sample of 954 US high school and college women. A 167-item, paper and pencil Career Decision-Making Survey was developed, containing 11 four-point Likert type scales (Cronbach's alpha = 0.58-0.80) designed to measure levels of parental support and a number of factors related to how students consider information in the process of making a career choice. Results document that when all other things are considered, interactions with others, such as counsellors and teachers, about career options did not have a significant effect on career interest that overrode the direction provided by parents. Women were significantly more likely than men to seek input about careers, but encountered developmental dissonance when that advice conflicted with advice provided by trusted others. Implications from this study reveal the need for more parental education in understanding the role of self-authorship in providing career decision-making support to young women.
Cultivar differences in the expression of potato leaf spotting disorder in Maine

Ten potato cultivars were rated for a leaf spotting disorder at three locations in Maine in each of two years; there were consistent differences between cultivars and between locations. Cultivar Seminole had no symptoms but cultivar Plymouth had severe symptoms in both years. A comparison of preliminary data of soil analyses and leaf spotting scores for the three locations showed that higher levels of the disorder were associated with higher levels of phosphorous and lower levels of aluminum and iron. The effects of nitrogen and other elements on leaf spotting could not be discounted.
Characterization of Spectral Emissions from Laser Irradiated Titanium

Titanium nitride (TiN) is a candidate material for hard and wear resistant coatings on metallic substrates such as titanium (Ti), stainless steel and aluminum. Coating processes include chemical vapor deposition, ion implantation, plasma and thermal nitriding under vacuum and controlled environments. The motivation for the present research is to develop a laser plasma process for high rate formation of TiN coatings on Ti substrates at near-atmospheric pressures. Laser induced plasma generated by a pulsed CO2 laser was used to excite a Ti substrate. The species in the vapor plume were characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. Spatially and temporally resolved spectral characterization was performed as a function of laser power, position of the substrate relative to the focal plane, pulse parameters, and shielding gases. These experiments are a first step in understanding laser assisted plasma deposition of nitride/oxy-nitride coatings on titanium metal under atmospheric conditions. Results indicate a window of optimal process parameters for developing titanium nitride coatings.
Raw Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis of Grinding Process

Abstract As a different approach to most acoustic emission (AE) research in grinding, this paper focus on analyzing the raw AE signal instead of root-mean-square signal (RMS). Transitional characteristics of the raw AE signal during wheel/workpiece contact in a variety of grinding processes are discussed. Frequency analysis of the raw AE signal is carried out based on knowing the frequency response of the sensor employed. An assessment of the AE RMS technique with different integration time constants is conducted in order to determine appropriate ones for future production applications.
The wonders of magnetism.

In this acceptance address for the Bioelectromagnetics Society's 2001 d'Arsonval Award, Dr. Tenforde reviews the highlights of the nonionizing field aspects of his research and scientific service career. These are focused in four areas: (a) development and application of microelectrophoretic methods to probe the surface chemistry of normal and cancerous cells; (b) research on the biophysical mechanisms of interaction and the dosimetry of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields; (c) application of extremely high intensity magnetic fields in several spectroscopic methods for probing the detailed structures of large biological macromolecules; and (d) development of national and international guidelines for the exposure of workers and members of the general public to electromagnetic fields with frequencies spanning the entire nonionizing electromagnetic spectrum. Bioelectromagnetics 24:3–11, 2003. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.