cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HYDRONEPHROSIS: When Is Obstruction Not Obstruction?

It once was relatively simple for most urologists to diagnose ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and it was previously axiomatic that obstruction required repair to preserve and maximize renal function. Modern imaging studies have cast doubt on previously held concepts, leaving the clinician with an enigma. Prolonged follow-up of some non-operated cases has demonstrated late deterioration of function, further compounding the diagnostic uncertainty.
Rare Books and Special Collections in American Libraries: Seeing the Sites

In the early 1970s, when I began to teach at the Columbia University School of Library Service, I quickly discovered that, though the literature of historical and enumerative bibliography was immense, the literature of rare books and manuscripts librarianship itself—whether separately considered or taken as a part of research librarianship as a whole—was virtually non-existent. Since I was at the time almost entirely innocent of any knowledge of rare book librarianship, my need for information was great. I found myself taking to the road to inform myself by personal observation. In recent years, I have continued to spend . . .
More Ornamented Great Tit Parus major Fathers Start Feeding Their Offspring Earlier

Carotenoid-based ornaments have been proposed to signal the ability to find food. The good-parent hypothesis suggests that females may rely on these carotenoid-based traits to assess male parental quality. A key question is whether the quality of these ornaments correlates with their performance at the moment of breeding. In this study, we assessed the parental investment of Mediterranean Great Tits Parus major in the early morning as a function of several environmental factors and of parental ornamentation. We measured this by the time that parents started feeding their offspring at the start of the day. In the morning, parents need to rapidly respond to the food demands of their offspring, after a long night without food. An earlier start of provisioning could indicate higher parental investment (and/or greater foraging ability). Our data indicate that fathers that show higher hue in their carotenoid-based plumage — more greenish individuals — started feeding their offspring earlier, thereby expanding the time window in which they work, while females did not show a significant relationship between the onset of provisioning and ornamentation. Parents, particularly mothers, that started earlier, worked more intensely across the whole observation period. Furthermore, parents started earlier when they had larger broods. Finally, more ornamented parents worked at lower rates, while more ornamented mothers raised offspring that had better body condition, which is in line with the good parent hypothesis. Although our results indicate that more ornamented males start feeding their offspring earlier, overall we found mixed support for the hypothesis that carotenoid-based ornaments signal the parental quality of a mate.
A review of 4D printing

Abstract Research into 4D printing has attracted unprecedented interest since 2013 when the idea was first introduced. It is based on 3D printing technology, but requires additional stimulus and stimulus-responsive materials. Based on certain interaction mechanisms between the stimulus and smart materials, as well as appropriate design of multi-material structures from mathematical modeling, 4D printed structures evolve as a function of time and exhibit intelligent behavior. Unlike 3D printing, 4D printing is time-dependent, printer-independent, predictable, and targets shape/property/functionality evolution. This allows for self-assembly, multi-functionality, and self-repair. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the 4D printing process and summarizes the practical concepts and related tools that have a prominent role in this field. Unsought aspects of 4D printing are also studied and organized for future research.
The Challenges of Developing a Participatory Arts Intervention for Caregivers of Persons with Dementia.

Objective: We describe the development and challenges in implementing a web-based participatory art intervention specifically designed for caregivers of persons with dementia to use at home with their loved one. Method: An interprofessional team, including an experienced national panel of artists, developed a participatory arts toolkit consisting of seven web-based modules involving a combination of music, singing, dancing, poetry, and painting. Participants completed a survey of demographics, caregiver needs, and caregiver burden. Results: Thirty caregivers with high caregiver needs and a high caregiver burden volunteered to pilot the intervention. Difficulties with caregiver recruitment and compliance with lesson plans were noted. Caregivers provided positive and negative qualitative feedback. Discussion: The challenges and possible solutions to the problems identified in the implementation and assessment of this participatory arts intervention will provide important insights for future studies linking the arts and dementia care.
Dynamic joint processing: Achieving high spectral efficiency in uplink 5G cellular networks☆

Abstract Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) processing is a promising method to mitigate the intra-cluster interference and improve the average Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR). Such method, however, cannot mitigate the inter-cluster interference and only changes the boundaries of interference from cell to cluster. On the other hand, since clusters in the traditional CoMP are static and all the spectrum is used in each cluster, we cannot avoid cluster-edge MSs. In this article, the problems of the current CoMP method are addressed and the reasons why clustering in CoMP should be studied jointly with spectrum allocation are discussed. Then, in the context of Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), an innovative uplink solution—called Dynamic Joint Processing (DJP)—is proposed to mitigate both intra- and inter-cluster interference and to address the fluctuation in capacity demand. Two coexisting clustering approaches are presented based on the level of mobility of MSs: 1) in the low-mobility approach, virtual clusters are formed for each subband and their size is dynamically changed based on the position of the MSs; 2) in the high-mobility approach, a different set of subbands are assigned to different neighboring hybrid cells and the boundaries of frequency bands are dynamically optimized so to address the unanticipated change in capacity demand. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the validity of our statements and show the potential of our solution towards next-generation green communications.
Seeking out the sweet spot in cancer therapeutics: an interview with Lewis Cantley.

Lewis C. Cantley, Director of the Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center at Weill Cornell Medicine, is a world leader in cancer and metabolic disease research. His seminal discoveries have shed light on the regulation of ion pumps and other transport proteins, insulin-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism and the role of signal transduction networks in cell transformation. At Tufts University in the 1980s, Lewis and his collaborators unveiled and characterized the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway; a discovery that revolutionized the field of lipid signaling. In this interview, he documents his journey from serendipitous discovery of the pathway to determining its diverse physiological functions and role in cancer – an incredible odyssey that has laid the groundwork for clinical trials based on PI3K inhibitors. He also discusses the impact his early life had in spurring a thirst to understand biological processes at the molecular level, highlights how his multiple collaborations have helped in translating his basic discoveries to the clinic and explains why eating a high-sugar diet can be harmful. Ongoing studies in the Cantley lab are aimed at determining the mechanistic underpinnings of pancreatic, colorectal, ovarian and breast cancers, particularly the role of cellular metabolic pathways. The group has recently shown, amongst other breakthroughs, that vitamin C could provide a promising therapy for certain hard-to-treat cancers.
Sperm Transfer in Gypsy Moths: Effect of Constant or Cyclic Temperature and Constant Light or Darkness during the Pupal Stage

Sperm transfer and fertility of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.), held as pupae under constant temperature and 24-h light, 24-h darkness, or a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D) h were compared with ma...
The Role of Camp in Shaping College Readiness and Building a Pathway to the Future for Camp Alumni

The purpose of this study was to examine whether attending camp promotes college readiness skills in camp alumni. A sample of 420 participants retrospectively reflected on their camp experience and how it helped them gain college readiness skills through an online survey. Quantitative results suggested that a variety of college readiness skills are impacted by the camp and differ slightly based on male and female respondents. Qualitative analysis indicated that camp influences academic pursuits by inspiring one’s academic interest, shaping where one studies, and motivating one to persevere and complete college. Supportive peers and adults within the camp setting influence of all these decisions.
Training for Metacognition in Simulated Environments

Metacognition has been recognized as an important mechanism in the learning process within the cognitive psychology and education literatures. However, due to its focus on relatively static domains, there are several constraints in applying the concept to real-world domains that are highly complex and dynamic in nature. For example, being able to self-regulate the selection of our skills and strategies is essential to maintain a high level of human performance in dynamic environments. Therefore it is important to identify effective training mechanisms to improve metacognition while performing in real-world contexts. An effective platform for cognitive training is human-in-the-loop simulations or virtual environment-training. Hence, in this chapter, we have briefly described the manner in which metacognition is currently defined in the literature and the limitations in its current direction. After identifying the limitations, we provide a definition for the concept of metacognition that may increase its applicability to dynamic domains. Furthermore, we have listed guidelines for developing effective metacognitive training methods in virtual environments as well as an example of the application of these guidelines.
The Algebraic Geometry of Competitive Equilibrium

The classical tools of general equilibrium theory are convexity and general topology. One of Debreu’s lasting contributions has been to show how the tools of differential topology may serve to yield more refined information about equilibrium. In particular, Debreu (1970) showed that differential topology could provide a rigorous formalization of “counting equations and unknowns” to provide a satisfyȧctory result on the determinacy of equilibrium.
Proliferative Effects of a Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (rG-CSF) on Highly Enriched Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Human multipotential and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells require the presence of specific glycoproteins, termed “colony-stimulating factors” (CSFs) for survival, clonal proliferation, and differentiation. Recently, a pluripotent G-CSF, constitutively produced by the human bladder carcinoma line 5637, has been purified to apparent homogeneity [1] and molecularly cloned with the complementary DNA copy of the gene expressed in Escherichia coli [2]. This factor induces terminal differentiation of the murine myelomonocytic cell line WE-HI3B(D+), the human promyelocytic cell line HL60, and leukemic cells from patients with certain forms of ANLL [2, 3] and has been shown to stimulate the growth of day-7 granulocyte colonies, erythroid bursts (BFU-E), and multilineage colonies (CFU-GEMM) from human bone marrow [1–3].
Impact of expiratory strength training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Results of a randomized, sham-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an in-home expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) program on pulmonary, swallow, and cough function in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS EMST was tested in a prospective, single-center, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of 48 ALS individuals who completed 8 weeks of either active EMST (n = 24) or sham EMST (n = 24). The primary outcome to assess treatment efficacy was change in maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Secondary outcomes included: cough spirometry; swallowing; forced vital capacity; and scoring on the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised. RESULTS Treatment was well tolerated with 96% of patients completing the protocol. Significant differences in group change scores were noted for MEP and Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity scores (P < 0.02). No differences were noted for other secondary measures. DISCUSSION This respiratory training program was well-tolerated and led to improvements in respiratory and bulbar function in ALS. Muscle Nerve 59:40-46, 2019.
Violence and the Socratic Theory of Legal Fidelity

We are inclined to think of Socrates as a rebel against the society of his day. We also think of him as a man whose intellectual rebellion took a negative form — i.e., instead of propounding philosophical theories of his own, he revealed his wisdom in destroying through rational criticism the theoretical pretensions of his fellow citizens. Given these expectations, the dialogue Crito contains substantial surprises. For, though containing negative criticisms of Crito’s arguments, it is in the main an elaborate theoretical defense of obedience to the political powers that be. A part of this theoretical defense consists of a statement of a political theory, the social contract theory, which — at least until the time of Hegel and Marx — was the most influential theory in political thinking about such matters as obedience to law and political violence. For it is primarily a theory of legal fidelity — i.e., a theory which attempts to establish a moral obligation to obey the law, a moral obligation to honor one’s legal obligations. This theory has strongly affected philosophical thinking about violence because, according to most social contract theory, the greatest criticism to be made against violence is that it is illegal. Indeed, some of these theorists (e.g., Hobbes and Kant) are inclined to define violence as the illegal use of force or coercion. This assimilation of the problem of violence to the problem of disobedience, and the related tendency to regard law as the central concept of politics, are both present in the Crito.1
P124 Best target for anti-A titer determination: A1 or A2 cells

Aim To determine the appropriate target cell for assessment of anti-A titer in blood group B kidney transplant patients waiting for a deceased donor and qualify for blood group A2 (A subgroup) donors according to OPTN/UNOS guidelines. Methods 248 sera samples collected from 57 blood group B candidates (56% male, 79% African American) and tested after DTT treatment. Titers were done using A1 and A2 reagent target cells using the MTS Gel anti-IgG card method. Standard commercial blood bank reagents were used for all testing (2 donors per lot of A1 or A2 cells). The same technologist performed all titers. The titer for eligibility is ⩽ 8. Results 37 patients were eligible (titer ⩽ 8) with either A1 or A2 cells. 20 patients (35%) shown below had titers from 16 up to 128 with A1 cells. 2(4%) patients had a titer >8 with A2 cells. Of these 20 patients, the cPRA varied from 0–100% and was not correlated with anti-A titer. Sex and race was also not correlated with an anti-A titer ⩾ 8. Conclusions Patient eligibility may vary considerably depending on the target cell used. Additional clinical studies will be required to determine the optimum approach.
Concept Inventories as a Resource for Teaching Evolution

Understanding evolution is critical to learning biology, but few college instructors take advantage of the body of peer-reviewed literature that can inform evolution teaching and assessment. Here we summarize the peer-reviewed papers on tools to assess student learning of evolutionary concepts. These published concept inventories provide a resource for instructors to design courses, gauge student preparation, identify key misconceptions in their student population, and measure the impact of a lesson, course, or broader curriculum on student learning. Because these inventories vary in their format, target audience, and degree of validation, we outline and explain these features. In addition to summarizing the published concept inventories on topics within evolution, we lay out a flexible framework to help instructors decide when and how to use them.
Antisite defects and traps in perovskiteYAlO3andLuAlO3: Density functional calculations

Density functional calculations in supercells are used to investigate antisite point defects in $\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and $\mathrm{Lu}\mathrm{Al}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. It is found that antisites consisting of an Al on the Y(Lu) site and those consisting of an Y(Lu) on the Al site both have low energy with respect to binary oxide reservoirs. Defects containing Al on the $A$ site yield electron traps at $0.4--0.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ below the conduction band edge, while Y(Lu) ions on the Al site do not. Based on this it is suggested that growth conditions that avoid Al on the $A$ site may reduce the number of electron traps in these materials.
Mysticism, Enchantment and Charisma Reincarnated: Nineteenth-Century Islamic Talismans, Vernacularization and Heritage Values in Contemporary Asante

Condensed, concealed, inconspicuous material embodiments of mysticism, enchantment, and charisma, nineteenth-century Islamic talismans traveled the trans-Saharan caravan trade routes, circulating w...
Five-year research update (1986-1990): Evaluations for competence to stand trial

This article reviews and evaluates publications during 1986-1990 with relevance for assessments of competence to stand trial. The review focuses specifically on articles that provide new concepts or data supported by research or case studies. The studies are reviewed under the following headings; (a) the systemic context of competence to stand trial (CST) evaluations, (b) conceptual definitions of competence and models for CST assessment, (c) research on CST assessment methods, (d) characteristics of incompetent defendants, (e) interpretation of CST evaluation data, (f) issues in CST assessment of special populations, and (g) treatment to restore competence. Suggestions are offered for further research to advance the quality of clinical evaluations for competence to stand trial. Language: en
Management of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Acute TBI management is focused on the prevention of secondary injury. Basic principles of critical care such as blood pressure management, mechanical ventilation, sedation, enteral nutrition, and sepsis treatment need to be uniquely tailored to the needs of the TBI patient. Intracranial hypertension is best approached with tiered escalation of care. While the Brain Trauma Foundation (BTF) has provided evidence-based guidelines for TBI management, the strength of recommendations is limited by lack of high-quality studies. Therefore, it is also useful to take into account the best practice guidelines put forth by the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS TQIP). Combining recommendations from the BTF and ACS TQIP, as well as clinical judgment, yields a practical and systematic approach to the individual TBI patient.
Application of the Brown dynamics fluctuation-dissipation theorem to the study of Plasmodium berghei transporter protein PbAQP.

In this article, the Brownian dynamics fluctuation-dissipation theorem (BD-FDT) is applied to the study of transport of neutral solutes across the cellular membrane of Plasmodium berghei (Pb), a disease-causing parasite. Pb infects rodents and causes symptoms in laboratory mice that are comparable to human malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf). Due to the relative ease of its genetic engineering, P. berghei has been exploited as a model organism for the study of human malaria. P. berghei expresses one type of aquaporin (AQP), PbAQP, and, in parallel, P. falciparum expresses PfAQP. Either PbAQP or PfAQP is a multifunctional channel protein in the plasma membrane of the rodent/human malarial parasite for homeostasis of water, uptake of glycerol, and excretion of some metabolic wastes across the cell membrane. This FDT-study of the channel protein PbAQP is to elucidate how and how strongly it interacts with water, glycerol, and erythritol. It is found that erythritol, which binds deep inside the conducting pore of PbAQP/PfAQP, inhibits the channel protein’s functions of conducting water, glycerol etc. This points to the possibility that erythritol, a sugar substitute, may inhibit the malarial parasites in rodents and in humans.
Corneal Nerve Ablation Abolishes Ocular Immune Privilege by Downregulating CD103 on T Regulatory Cells.

Purpose Severing corneal nerves during orthotopic corneal transplantation elicits the elaboration of the neuropeptide substance P (SP), which induces the generation of CD11c+ contrasuppressor (CS) cells. CS cells disable T regulatory cells (Tregs) that are induced when antigens enter the anterior chamber (AC), either by direct injection or by orthotopic corneal transplantation. This study examined the crucial cell surface molecules on Tregs that are adversely affected by CS cells that are generated by severing corneal nerves. Methods CS cells were induced by producing shallow 2.0-mm circular incisions in the corneal epithelium in BALB/c mice. CD8+ Tregs were generated by injecting ovalbumin into the AC. The effects of CS cells and SP on the expression and function of two cell surface molecules (CD103 and the receptor of interferon-γ) that are crucial for the induction and function of CD8+ Tregs were analyzed. Results SP converted CD11c+, but not CD11c- , dendritic cells (DCs) to CS cells. Severing corneal nerves resulted in a 66% reduction in the expression of CD103 on CD8+ AC-associated immune deviation (ACAID) Tregs, and a 50% reduction in the interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR). These effects could be mimicked in vitro by coculturing CS cells with CD8+ ACAID Tregs. Conclusions The elaboration of SP in response to corneal nerve ablation converts CD11c+ DCs to CS cells. CS cells disable CD8+ ACAID Tregs by downregulating two crucial cell surface molecules, CD103 and IFN-γR, by an SP-dependent pathway. Blocking this pathway may provide a means of restoring ocular immune privilege in corneas subjected to corneal nerve injury.
Studies on Erythropoiesis. XII. The Effect of Transfusion-Induced Polycythemia in the Mother on the Fetus

Erythropoiesis is reduced to zero in the mouse by repeated homologous red cell transfusion. Mating of transfusion-induced polycythemic mice was allowed, and observations were made on maternal and fetal erythropoiesis. It was observed that erythropoiesis in the pregnant, polycythemic mouse was suppressed throughout pregnancy, this observation suggesting that erythropoietin production was concomitantly suppressed. Erythropoiesis in the fetuses of polycythemic mothers was initiated by 10 days and maintained in an active state throughout fetal life. Hematologic values of these fetuses at birth were higher than those of the newborn normal pregnant mice of the same strain. It is possible that the fetus initiates and maintains erythropoietin independently of erythropoietin from the maternal circulation. The higher hematologic values of the newborn of polycythemic mothers are probably the result of the greater availability of iron from the breakdown of transfused cells, since it was found that comparable hematologic values were achieved in the newborn when iron-dextran (Imferon) was injected into the maternal tissues during pregnancy.
Food safety knowledge and behavior of expanded food and nutrition education program participants in Arizona.

Consumer education is one of the focus points to reduce foodborne illness within the food safety continuum “from farm to table.” A survey was conducted to determine the food safety knowledge and practices of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program participants in Maricopa and Pima counties of Arizona. Two hundred sixty-eight surveys were completed between 1 January and 31 December 1998. Survey participants consisted of 222 (85%) females and 39 (15%) males with an average age and education level of 31.5 and 11.7 years, respectively. The racial characteristics of this group included 53% whites, 32% Hispanics, 22% African-Americans, and 7% other. A majority of the survey participants (67%) were either unsure or felt it was appropriate to let food cool to room temperature prior to refrigeration. In addition 56% were in disagreement with or unsure about the need to cool foods in shallow containers. Fifty-two percent of respondents reported having no previous formal fo...
Rate response of select grass weeds to pinoxaden

Pinoxaden is a POST acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor in the phenylpyrazolin chemical family and is labelled for turfgrass use at broadcast rates of 35.5 to 71 g ai ha−1 and spot spray rates of 156 to 310 g ai ha−1. A greenhouse rate-response study was conducted to characterize the efficacy of pinoxaden against common grassy weeds. Weed species examined in this study were yellow foxtail, southern sandbur, annual bluegrass, roughstalk bluegrass, large crabgrass, dallisgrass, bahiagrass, goosegrass, and perennial ryegrass. Nonlinear regressions were modelled to determine visible injury rates (the application rate at which 50% of the weed species were injured and the 90% [I90] rate) and weight reduction rates (the application rate at which there was a 50% reduction in fresh weight and 90% reduction [WR90]) for each weed species. Only annual bluegrass, bahiagrass, and goosegrass had visible injury I90 values greater than the maximum labelled spot spray rate of 310 g ai ha−1. Annual bluegrass, bahiagrass, southern sandbur, and goosegrass all had WR90 values greater than the maximum labelled spot spray rate of 310 g ai ha−1. Results from this study indicate that the evaluated weed species can be ranked, according to visible injury I90 values, from most to least susceptible: perennial ryegrass > yellow foxtail > dallisgrass > large crabgrass > southern sandbur > roughstalk bluegrass > bahiagrass > goosegrass > annual bluegrass.
Healing the Sick City: Local Guides, Visiting Nurses, and Vernaculars of Pain on New York’s Lower East Side:

Lillian Wald brought public health nursing to New York City’s congested Lower East Side in summer 1893, where she recorded tenement dwellers’ suffering from cuts, burns, breaks, deaths, illness, an...
Preinjury Antiplatelet Use Does Not Increase the Risk of Progression of Small Intracranial Hemorrhage

BackgroundThe modified brain injury guidelines (mBIG) provide an algorithm for surgeons to manage some mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) without neurosurgical con...
Voluntary information disclosure to Cournot oligopolists

Abstract This note studies information disclosure by a planner to firms engaging in a Cournot competition with uncertain demand. The planner can send verifiable, either public or private, messages to firms about the states of the world before they choose quantities but cannot ex ante commit to an information disclosure policy. We show that all equilibria induce the same outcome: firms fully learn the state. Using an example, we also show that without public messages, the commitment solution can be an equilibrium outcome.
Organic electrode materials for non-aqueous, aqueous, and all-solid-state Na-ion batteries

Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the low cost, abundance, and high sustainability of sodium resources. However, the high performance of inorganic electrode materials in LIBs does not extend to NIBs because of the larger ion size of Na+ than Li+ and more complicated electrochemistry. Therefore, it is vital to search for high-performance electrode materials for NIBs. Organic electrode materials (OEMs) with the advantages of high structural tunability and abundant structural diversity show great promise in developing high-performance NIBs. To achieve advanced OEMs for NIBs, a fundamental understanding of the structure–performance correlation is desired for rational structure design and performance optimization. In this review, recent advances in developing OEMs for non-aqueous, aqueous, and all-solid-state NIBs are presented. The challenges, advantages, mechanisms, development, and applications of advanced OEMs in NIBs are also discussed. Perspectives for the innovation of structure design principle and future research direction of OEMs in non-aqueous, aqueous, and all-solid-state NIBs are provided.
Encephalopathy of Unclear Etiology: A Diagnostic Dilemma

Introduction Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a potentially fatal condition caused by drug exposure resulting in hypersensitivity reaction with involvement of different organ systems. Case presentation We present a case of a 65-year-old man with a recent history of right total knee arthroplasty complicated by wound infection on a regimen of vancomycin who was transferred to our hospital for further management of fever, rigors, altered mental status, acute hypoxic respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, and development of an erythematous rash. Discussion DRESS syndrome was considered definite in this patient according to the European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction Criteria, also known as RegiSCAR. To our knowledge, metabolic encephalopathy associated with multiorgan dysfunction resulting from vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome has not been reported. Conclusion A thorough analysis of recent medication history is essential for the prompt identification and management of this condition.
Statistical Distance-Based Travel-Time Reliability Measurement for Freeway Bottleneck Identification and Ranking:

Freeway bottleneck identification is an essential component in the process of deploying mitigation strategies to reduce congestion at freeway bottlenecks. Most previous studies on bottleneck identi...
The association between air pollution and childhood asthma: United States, 2010-2015.

Objective: The current population-based study examines the association between county-level ambient air pollution and childhood asthma.Methods: Data from the nationally representative 2010-2015 Nat...
Two Sample Testing in High Dimension via Maximum Mean Discrepancy

Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) has been widely used in the areas of machine learning and statistics to quantify the distance between two distributions in the $p$-dimensional Euclidean space. The asymptotic property of the sample MMD has been well studied when the dimension $p$ is fixed using the theory of U-statistic. As motivated by the frequent use of MMD test for data of moderate/high dimension, we propose to investigate the behavior of the sample MMD in a high-dimensional environment and develop a new studentized test statistic. Specifically, we obtain the central limit theorems for the studentized sample MMD as both the dimension $p$ and sample sizes $n,m$ diverge to infinity. Our results hold for a wide range of kernels, including popular Gaussian and Laplacian kernels, and also cover energy distance as a special case. We also derive the explicit rate of convergence under mild assumptions and our results suggest that the accuracy of normal approximation can improve with dimensionality. Additionally, we provide a general theory on the power analysis under the alternative hypothesis and show that our proposed test can detect difference between two distributions in the moderately high dimensional regime. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed test statistic and normal approximation.
Journalism Idealists: Influences on Freelancers in the Foreign News-gathering Process

Economic strains and the emergence of new digital platforms have significantly changed the way foreign news is reported. In particular, freelancing has played a vital role in how legacy news outlet...
Nefazodone decreases anxiety during marijuana withdrawal in humans

Abstract Rationale. Symptoms of marijuana withdrawal include increased irritability, depression and anxiety, and decreased sleep quality. Nefazodone, which is an antidepressant with sedative properties, may attenuate symptoms of marijuana withdrawal. Objective. The present within-subject, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of nefazodone during marijuana withdrawal. Methods. Marijuana smokers [n=7; averaging 6.0 (±1.3) marijuana cigarettes/day, 6.4 (±0.4) days/week], not seeking treatment for marijuana use, were maintained on two doses of nefazodone (0, 450 mg/day) for 26 days each. Each maintenance condition began with an outpatient phase (9 days) and continued with an inpatient phase (17 days) in a residential laboratory. Marijuana was smoked 5 times per inpatient day at 1000, 1300, 1600, 1900 and 2200 hours. On days 1–4 (baseline), the first four marijuana cigarettes were placebo (0.00% THC), while the final marijuana cigarette was active (3.04% THC). On inpatient days 5–8, only active marijuana was smoked, while on days 9–16, only placebo marijuana was smoked. Mood, psychomotor task performance, food intake and sleep were measured daily. The order of maintenance dose was counterbalanced between groups. Results. Nefazodone maintenance did not alter the acute effects of active marijuana as compared to placebo nefazodone maintenance. During marijuana withdrawal, nefazodone decreased ratings of "Anxious", and "Muscle Pain", while having no effect on the marked increase in ratings of "Irritable", "Miserable" or decreased sleep quality. Conclusions. Nefazodone decreased certain marijuana withdrawal symptoms, but participants still reported substantial discomfort. These data provide further evidence of marijuana withdrawal, and highlight the need for more marijuana treatment options.
Predicting the Future

We present a novel methodology for predicting future outcomes that uses small numbers of individuals participating in an imperfect information market. By determining their risk attitudes and performing a nonlinear aggregation of their predictions, we are able to assess the probability of the future outcome of an uncertain event and compare it to both the objective probability of its occurrence and the performance of the market as a whole. Experiments show that this nonlinear aggregation mechanism vastly outperforms both the imperfect market and the best of the participants. We then extend the mechanism to prove robust in the presence of public information.
Faraday’s Law and Induction

In the previous chapters, we found it useful to treat the electric and magnetic phenomena separately. In Chaps. 4– 7, we treated electrostatic fields by relying on the two postulates: $$ \left(\nabla \times \mathbf{E}=0\kern0.6em \mathrm{and}\kern0.6em \nabla \cdot \mathbf{D}=\rho \right)\kern0.6em \mathrm{or}\kern0.6em \left({\displaystyle {\oint}_C\mathbf{E}\cdot d\mathbf{l}}=0\kern0.6em \mathrm{and}\kern0.6em {\displaystyle {\oint}_s\mathbf{D}\cdot d\mathbf{s}=Q}\right) $$ In Chaps. 8 and 9, some of the basic magnetic phenomena were introduced, now relying on the following two postulates: $$ \left(\nabla \times \mathbf{H}=\mathbf{J}\kern0.6em \mathrm{and}\kern0.6em \nabla \cdot \mathbf{B}=0\right)\kern0.6em \mathrm{or}\kern0.6em \left({\displaystyle {\oint}_C\mathbf{E}\cdot d\mathbf{l}=I}\kern0.6em \mathrm{and}\kern0.6em {\displaystyle {\oint}_s\mathbf{B}\cdot d\mathbf{s}=0}\right) $$ These postulates allowed us to treat a large number of applications and gain insight into the behavior of the electric and magnetic fields governed by the postulates.
Citrate and the Conversion of Carbohydrate into Fat FATTY ACID SYNTHESIS BY A COMBINATION OF CYTOPLASM AND MITOCHONDRIA

A cell-free system, consisting of particle-free cytoplasm and mitochondria prepared from rat liver, has been used to study the transfer of acetyl groups from the intramitochondrial to the extramitochondrial space during fatty acid synthesis. 14C-Pyruvate, generated from 14C-alanine, was used to generate intramitochondrial 14C-acetyl-CoA. Fatty acid synthesis was followed by measuring the incorporation of 3H2O and 14C. Pool dilution experiments showed that the acetyl group of intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA leaves the mitochondria in the form of citrate, or of a closely related tricarboxylate. (-)-Hydroxycitrate, an inhibitor of citrate cleavage enzyme, strongly inhibits fatty acid synthesis from 14C-alanine. On the other hand, (-)-hydroxycitrate has little or no effect on respiration, phosphorylation, and citrate accumulation during the course of the experiments. n-Butylmalonate, an inhibitor of malate permease, also inhibits fatty acid synthesis. This inhibition is reversed by malate. n-Butylmalonate probably exerts its effect by preventing the activation of α-ketoglutarate and tricarboxylate permeases by malate. It is concluded that citrate is the major carrier in the transfer of acetyl groups from the mitochondrial matrix to the cytoplasm.
What Ethical Issues Really Arise in Practice at an Academic Medical Center? A Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Clinical Ethics Consultations from 2008 to 2013

As the field of clinical ethics consultation sets standards and moves forward with the Quality Attestation process, questions should be raised about what ethical issues really do arise in practice. There is limited data on the type and number of ethics consultations conducted across different settings. At Loyola University Medical Center, we conducted a retrospective review of our ethics consultations from 2008 through 2013. One hundred fifty-six cases met the eligibility criteria. We analyzed demographic data on these patients and conducted a content analysis of the ethics consultation write-ups coding both the frequency of ethical issues and most significant, or key, ethical issue per case. Patients for whom ethics consultation was requested were typically male (55.8 %), white (57.1 %), between 50 and 69 years old (38.5 %), of non-Hispanic origin (85.9 %), and of Roman Catholic faith (43.6 %). Nearly half (47.4 %) were in the intensive care unit and 44.2 % died in the hospital. The most frequent broad ethical categories were decision-making (93.6 %), goals of care/treatment (80.8 %), and end-of-life (73.1 %). More specifically, capacity (57.1 %), patient’s wishes/autonomy (54.5 %), and surrogate decision maker (51.3 %) were the most frequent particular ethical issues. The most common key ethical issues were withdrawing/withholding treatment (12.8 %), patient wishes/autonomy (12.2 %), and capacity (11.5 %). Our findings provide additional data to inform the training of clinical ethics consultants regarding the ethical issues that arise in practice. A wider research agenda should be formed to collect and compare data across institutions to improve education and training in our field.
A New Method of Assessing the Effects of a Service-Learning Class on Engineering Undergraduate Students

Increases in engineering service learning courses and enrolled undergraduates necessitate further research and recommendations concerning the assessment of student learning and growth. Assessment of such growth may be difficult in service learning courses because of the types of skills it fosters: interpersonal skills, critical thinking, and other professional skills not easily tested for in a classroom. Some previous attempts at assessment were predominantly standards-based and designed to measure what researchers thought students should gain from the course, rather than being based in what students thought. In this paper, we first ask students what skills they learned in service learning, determine their thoughts about the usefulness of different kinds of assessment, and then use their words to construct a naturalistic assessment that can serve as a pre- and post-test to measure growth in engineering service learning courses. The data come from 96 students and three semesters of a service learning section of a large Introduction to Engineering course at a large state university. Overall, we conclude that students perceive that they have grown at statistically significant levels in communication skills, teamwork, leadership, time management, and other engineering skills noted below. We argue that student perceptions of growth matter for their persistence in engineering and resilience after professional or academic setbacks.
Looking for answers to EC coupling's persistent questions.

In the heart, translocation of the S4 voltage-sensing helices of cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels (or 1,4-dihydropyridine receptors [DHPRs]) in response to depolarization of the sarcolemma is the initial event in excitation–contraction (EC) coupling. The movement of the voltage sensors is in turn
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN A SPACE CONTAINING HEATED SPHERICAL INCLUSIONS PERIODICALLY ARRANGED ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

Consideration has been given to the problem for the Laplace equation in a bed with a spherical hole, on whose surface a homogeneous Dirichlet condition is formed, with periodicity conditions on the bed’s planes and asymptotic conditions at infinity, which assign a logarithmic growth to the solution. Solution of the problem has been reduced to an infinite system of linear algebraic equations for the coefficients of periodic singular solutions of the Laplace equation with a singularity at the center of the hole.
Modular particle filtering FPGA hardware architecture for brain machine interfaces

As the computational complexities of neural decoding algorithms for brain machine interfaces (BMI) increase, their implementation through sequential processors becomes prohibitive for real-time applications. This work presents the field programmable gate array (FPGA) as an alternative to sequential processors for BMIs. The reprogrammable hardware architecture of the FPGA provides a near optimal platform for performing parallel computations in real-time. The scalability and reconfigurability of the FPGA accommodates diverse sets of neural ensembles and a variety of decoding algorithms. Throughput is significantly increased by decomposing computations into independent parallel hardware modules on the FPGA. This increase in throughput is demonstrated through a parallel hardware implementation of the auxiliary particle filtering signal processing algorithm.
Cellular immunity in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis

Peripheral blood lymphocyte functions were evaluated in 20 patients with active polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) and/or giant cell arteritis (GCA) by determining the percent of E-rosette-forming cells and by measuring the uptake of tritiated thymidine by peripheral blood lymphocytes after exposure to common infectious antigens and to homogenates of homologous and heterologous artery, muscle, and elastin. Although lymphocytes from patients with PMR and/or GCA were stimulated slightly by artery and muscle homogenates, no differences in lymphocyte responses were found when the results were compared with 22 normal controls and 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The hypothesis that GCA results from a cellular immune reaction to normal or diseased arterial wall antigens is not supported by these studies.
A General Mathematical Model For Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

We present a power spectral density model of index of refraction, including power law relations within finite bands, and impulses denoting energy concentrations. We then discuss some resulting equations, without resorting to Kolmogorov assumptions.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass

Biological conversion of cellulosic biomass to fuels and chemicals offers the high yields to products vital to economic success and the potential for very low costs. Enzymatic hydrolysis that converts lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars may be the most complex step in this process due to substrate-related and enzyme-related effects and their interactions. Although enzymatic hydrolysis offers the potential for higher yields, higher selectivity, lower energy costs and milder operating conditions than chemical processes, the mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis and the relationship between the substrate structure and function of various glycosyl hydrolase components is not well understood. Consequently, limited success has been realized in maximizing sugar yields at very low cost. This review highlights literature on the impact of key substrate and enzyme features that influence performance, to better understand fundamental strategies to advance enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass for biologica...
A sharp-interface interpretation of a continuous density model for homogenization of gravity-driven flow in porous media

Abstract We examine homogenization methods applied to sharp-interface and diffuse-interface models for gravity-driven flow in heterogeneous porous media. Our work specifically examines a matrix of models that includes (1) a variable media, diffuse-interface model, (2) a variable media, sharp-interface model, (3) a homogenized media, diffuse-interface model and (4) a homogenized media, sharp-interface model. We connect all four of these models via homogenization theory and sharp-interface limits. We show that existing results based on homogenization methods applied to sharp-interface models can be recovered by a less direct but more rigorous approach involving well-established homogenization theory and sharp-interface limits.
Sensitivity of Cerambycid Biodiversity Indicators to Definition of High Diversity

The cutoff used to determine sites of high biological diversity has the potential to influence which species are identified as relevant biological indicators. I␣used data on longhorned beetles and the IndVal program to conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the definition of high diversity sites from the upper 50% of sites to the upper 5% of sites. The analysis was carried out at all levels of a site typology based on the tree species present at the forested sites. Three species emerged as strong indicators of high diversity sites. Although the indicator values for these species were almost always statistically significant within the upper level of the site typology (all forested sites) the definition of high diversity had a large impact on these values. All three species showed an increase in their indicator values with higher cutoffs for high diversity sites suggesting a relatively nested set of species.
Ristocetin-induced aggregation of canine platelets.

Abstract Both canine plasma and canine platelets have been reported to be unreactive in the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation reaction that is commonly used to study the platelet-von Willebrand factor interaction. Because canine plasma was recently found to have ristocetin cofactor (RCF) activity with human platelets, we studied the RCF reactivity of canine platelets. Although canine PRP did not aggregate with ristocetin, ristocetin did induce aggregation of canine gel-filtered platelets (GFP), apparently because inhibitory plasma proteins, especially albumin, had been separated from the platelets during gel filtration. When human and canine GFP were washed, they lost their responsiveness to ristocetin. Although the ristocetin responsiveness of washed human GFP was completely restored by both human and canine factor VIII, washed canine GFP aggregated with ristocetin only in the presence of canine factor VIII. Human platelets, when fixed in paraformaldehyde aggregated well with ristocetin and either human or canine factor VIII. In contrast, paraformaldehyde-fixed canine platelets aggregated very poorly with ristocetin and factor VIII. These studies show that the ristocetin-RCF-platelet interaction functions well in the dog, although the reaction is much more species specific than the similar human reaction.