cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mother-Infant Face-to-Face Intermodal Discrepancy and Risk

During mother-infant face-to-face communication, many modalities are always at play: gazing at and away from the partner, facial expression, vocalization, orientation and touch. Multi-modal information in social communication typically conveys congruent information, which facilitates attention, learning, and interpersonal relatedness. However, when different modalities convey discrepant information, social communication can be disturbed. This paper illustrates forms of discrepant mother-infant communication drawn from our prior studies in three risk contexts: maternal depression, maternal anxiety, and the origins of disorganized attachment. Because many examples of discrepancies emerged in the course of our studies, we consider inter-modal discrepancies to be important markers of disturbed mother-infant communication
Thrombotic microangiopathy versus class IV lupus nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Kidney involvement is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study investigates the clinical and prognostic characteristics of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) compared to class IV lupus nephritis in SLE patients. A retrospective review of patients who underwent kidney biopsy, with a primary diagnosis of SLE and TMA between June 2006 and September 2018 was conducted. Those patients were subsequently compared to patients with class IV lupus nephritis between January 2018 and December 2018. Demographics, laboratory, and serological data at the time of biopsy were abstracted. Among 214 SLE patients records screened, 27 were included in the final analysis. Eight patients had lupus-related TMA without evidence of active lupus nephritis, while 19 patients had class IV lupus nephritis without evidence of TMA. TMA patients had significantly higher lactate dehydrogenase levels (718 ± 499 vs. 264 ± 107.7 U/L, p = 0.009), serum C3 (100.6 ± 39.3 vs. 65.8 ± 27 mg/dL, p = 0.049), white blood cell count (14743.8 ± 7933.3 vs. 5807.9 ± 2053.2 × 10E3/uL, p < 0.001), and total bilirubin (0.8 ± 0.5 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mg/dL, p = 0.007) in addition to significantly lower platelet counts (158.4 ± 88.6 vs. 240.3 ± 100.3 × 10E3/uL, p = 0.03), and haptoglobin (68.8 ± 116.1 vs. 166.8 ± 95.4 mg/dL, p = 0.03). After a median follow-up time of 53 weeks, 3 patients with TMA were dialysis-dependent (37.5%), compared with none in class IV lupus nephritis patients (p = 0.002). TMA-associated SLE has worse prognosis compared to class IV lupus nephritis. An array of laboratory and pathological findings may be of value in discriminating between those two entities.
The Poetics of Detachment in Medieval Ka-vya: Anthologies and the Path of Literary Sanskrit in the Second Millennium:

This essay explores the dialectic of form, content and social life in the new poetry of the medieval Sanskrit anthologies. Did the seeming anarchy of content evinced in unfamiliar tables of content...
Influences of social norms on climate change-related behaviors

Social norm represents one of the most interdisciplinary and important concepts in the behavioral sciences. We reviewed recent research examining the effects of social norms on climate change-related behaviors, identifying relevant evidence in five behavioral domains: eco-friendly consumer choices, energy conservation, reduction/re-use/recycling, sustainable food choices, and water conservation. We discuss this research as it pertains to a set of theoretically important questions that emerged as themes across these studies and discuss various future research directions as they relate to each theme. Overall, the recent evidence is quite robust in demonstrating influential effects of social norms on an array of behaviors relevant to climate change.
Colicin E1 opens its hinge to plug TolC

The double membrane architecture of Gram-negative bacteria forms a barrier that is effectively impermeable to extracellular threats. Bacteriocin proteins evolved to exploit the accessible, surface-exposed proteins embedded in the outer membrane to deliver cytotoxic cargo. Colicin E1 is a bacteriocin produced by, and lethal to, Escherichia coli that hijacks the outer membrane proteins TolC and BtuB to enter the cell. Here we capture the colicin E1 translocation domain inside its membrane receptor, TolC, by high-resolution cryoEM, the first reported structure of a bacteriocin bound to TolC. Colicin E1 binds stably to TolC as an open hinge through the TolC pore, an architectural rearrangement from colicin E1 unbound conformation. This binding is stable in live E. coli cells as indicated by single-molecule fluorescence microscopy. Finally, colicin E1 fragments binding to TolC plugs the channel, inhibiting its native efflux function as an antibiotic efflux pump and heightening susceptibility to three antibiotic classes. In addition to demonstrating that these protein fragments are useful starting points for developing novel antibiotic potentiators, this method could be expanded to other colicins to inhibit other outer membrane protein functions.
Sparse Activation Maps for Interpreting 3D Object Detection

We propose a technique to generate "visual explanations" for interpretability of volumetric-based 3D object detection networks. Specifically, we use the average pooling of weights to produce a Sparse Activation Map (SAM) which highlights the important regions of the 3D point cloud data. The SAMs is applicable to any volumetric-based models (model agnostic) to provide intuitive intermediate results at different layers to understand the complex network structures. The SAMs at the 3D feature map layer and the 2D feature map layer help to understand the effectiveness of neurons to capture the object information. The SAMs at the classification layer for each object class helps to understand the true positives and false positives of each network. The experimental results on the KITTI dataset demonstrate the visual observations of the SAM match the detection results of three volumetric-based models.
Not by Magic: Perspectives on Creating and Facilitating Outreach Programs for Black Girls and Women

Affinity programs have long supported the development, healing, and resilience of Black girls and women in educational contexts. Drawing on a conceptual framework of intersectionality and program planning, this descriptive qualitative study highlights the perspectives of six program leaders who manage support outreach programs designed to support Black girls and women. These findings provide greater understanding of the needs and challenges associated with developing programmatic outreach for Black women and girls by providing detailed descriptions about the experiences of leaders who develop and manage outreach programs designed to improve the social, academic, and health development of Black women and girls. Additionally, the contextual forces that influence the sustainability of programs designed to further the betterment of Black women and girls is discussed. Implications for both the researching and implementing programs designed to support Black women and girls is also provided.
Market microstructure of the Pink Sheets.

Abstract We study the microstructure of the Pink Sheets and assess the ability of existing theory to capture salient features of this relatively unstructured and unregulated market. Clustering patterns in quotes, quoted spreads, and trade prices indicate that market participants have selected price-dependent tick sizes for different stocks. Clustering intensity varies across stocks as a function of proxies for information availability. Similarly, the bid-ask spread varies as a function of volatility and liquidity. These results suggest (1) microstructure research has established robust predictions of market attributes and (2) unstructured markets are able to develop at least some effective behavioral norms endogenously.
From Femtoseconds to Gigaseconds: Performance Degradation in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells

a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cells hold the efficiency world record around 27%, yet their market penetration is delayed. One concern is the presence of an amorphous Si layer that some suspect may speed up the degradation of their performance. To address this concern, we developed the SolDeg structural simulation platform that is capable of capturing extremely slow degradation processes in a-Si. SolDeg integrates molecular dynamics methods that optimize the Si structure with femtosecond time steps, with the nudged elastic band method that captures the defect generation on time scales extending to gigaseconds. In this paper we report SolDeg simulations for Si-only heterojunctions. The SolDeg platform enabled us to determine the defect generation rate to be in the 15-20%/year range, translating into a 1-1.5%/year Voc degradation rate. These results establish that SolDeg can be a uniquely useful platform to describe degradation processes with an eye on finding strategies to mitigate the performance degradation of these promising heterojunction cells.
Multi-rotor wake propagation and flow development modeling: A review

Abstract In this work, previous studies focused on wake propagation and flow development of multi-rotor drones are consolidated and discussed. An in depth understanding of wake propagation is critical to accurately predict as it can have adverse effects on vehicle stability and can contaminate in-situ sensor measurements that are placed on the vehicle, such as those which facilitate autonomous maneuvering or atmospheric sampling. Studies that have focused on this issue or similar issues have primarily focused on proximity effects include Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of wake propagation and multi-rotor flows, and experimental studies using flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry to capture multi-rotor wake and flow development. Although some preliminary investigations have been carried out, a comprehensive study has not been conducted that includes research on multi-rotors in vertical flight modes (ascending and descending) which are unique multi-rotor capabilities that are often utilized. An in-depth study of multi-rotor wake development is needed to provide insight into the design and optimization of multi-rotors for various applications, including applications in confined environments or for other applications where the wake propagation significantly impacts mission success.
QoSBR: a quality based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks

In this paper we present a QoS based routing protocol for wireless mesh networks that tries to maximize the probability of successful transmissions while minimizing the end-to-end delay. The proposed routing protocol uses reactive route discoveries to collect key parameters from candidate routes to estimate the probability of success and delay of data packets transmitted over them. To make sure that it estimates these quantities for the flow of data packets and not control packets, we propose a new route quality metric that uses performance models of data packet transmissions that are obtained from offline experiments. We present simulation based performance evaluations of the proposed QoS based routing protocol and show its benefits in comparison to some other known routing protocols.
Rituals and termination procedures

Abstract The author discusses the therapeutic value and use of transition procedures in the ending phase of practice. These procedures can provide a vehicle for reaching the often contradictory and difftcult feelings that accompany termination. Knowledge about rituals is used to suggest a framework for understanding termination procedures. The author gives examples of procedures useful during termination and discusses potential pitfalls.
The social turn in K-12 programming: moving from computational thinking to computational participation

In this conceptual paper, we argue that recent developments in K-12 programming education are suggestive of what can be called a "social turn", a shift in the field in which learning to code has shifted from being a predominantly individualistic and tool-oriented approach to now one that is decidedly sociologically and culturally grounded in the creation and sharing of digital media. We discuss in detail three dimensions of this social turn (1) from writing code to creating applications, (2) from composing "from scratch" to remixing the work of others, and (3) from designing tools to facilitating communities. These three shifts illustrate how the development of artifacts, tools, and communities of programming lead us to move from computational thinking to computational participation. We draw from examples of past and current research, both inside and outside of school, and situate these developments in the context of current discussions around computational thinking, which has become a driving force in revitalizing programming in K-12 curricula and altogether broadening participation in computing.
THE ESSENTIAL STRUCTURE OF AFRO-CARIBBEAN IMMIGRANT ENTERPRISE VIABILITY: VIEWS FROM LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PRACTITIONERS AND IMPLICATIONS

This paper explores the phenomenon of Afro-Caribbean immigrant enterprise viability in two US counties heavily populated by Afro-Caribbean immigrants: Kings (Brooklyn), New York, and Miami-Dade, Florida. It aims to construct an understanding of enterprise viability as it is understood by local economic development agency (LEDA) directors by examining the meanings of their experiences and interactions with this particular group of immigrants. It posits that objectively studying empirical indicators of enterprise viability only from the scholar's or entrepreneur's perspective would not get at the essential structure of enterprise viability as experienced by providers of enterprise development services. Examining the meaning providers ascribe to their experiences lends to better understanding of how potentials and challenges to enterprise viability manifest on the ground. Opportunities, challenges, expectations and unmet needs are exposed. Progress can then be made to provide immigrant entrepreneurs with the quality of programs and policy that can make them viable. Findings suggest that understanding the "American system" and learning and applying basic modern business functions are essential elements in enterprise development and viability. Professionalization, formalization, and systematization effectuate migration from periphery to mainstream.
Oxidatively damaged nucleobases in duplex DNA oligomers: reaction at thymine-thymine mispairs.

Thymine−thymine mispairs are barriers to long-distance radical cation migration and are high reactivity sites in duplex DNA oligomers. A DNA oligomer was prepared that contains only A/T base pairs, arranged into a regularly repeating series of TT steps, and a covalently linked anthraquinone photosensitizer. Its UV irradiation causes the one-electron oxidation of the DNA introducing a radical cation that reacts predominantly at the TT steps as revealed by subsequent strand cleavage. When a remote GG step is introduced into the DNA oligomer, there is little reaction at any of the TT steps and strand cleavage is detected almost exclusively at the GG step. However, when a TT step contains a thymine−thymine mispair, one electron oxidation of the oligomer results in strand cleavage at the mispair and at TT steps preceding it with little reaction at the remote GG step. Experiments in which a thymine in the mispair is replaced by uracil show that the mispair is both a highly reactive site and a barrier to radical...
The comparative values of various carbohydratesused in infant feeding

Summary The monosaccharides—glucose and levulose; the disaccharides—sucroseand lactose; and the sugar combinations—dextrimaltose, karo corn syrup, and honey have been compared as to their value in infant feeding. One hundred twenty-three blood sugar tolerance curves were determined following administration of 2 gm. of sugar per kilogram of body weight to four children aged 7 to 13 years and to nine infants aged 2 to 6 months. Fasting blood sugar ranged from 87 to 110 for the older children and from 76 to 92 for the infants, with average values of 97 for the children and 86 for the infants. Although considerable difference in rates of absorption was encounteredbetween results from different individuals, an individual in general maintained a certain type of blood sugar curve. The relative differences in results between kinds of sugars also remained comparable for the various individuals. Repeated tests with the same individual were considered to have an important effect upon the validity of the data. The infants had a greater tolerance for glucose than did the children, while levulose gave somewhat similar results for the two age groups. Glucose, dextrimaltose, and karo gave the highest blood sugarcurves, with honey, sucrose, levulose, and lactose next in order. Honey appeared to have special advantages for infants because, withthe exception of dextrose, it was absorbed most quickly of all the sugars tested during the first fifteen minutes following ingestion, yet it did not flood the blood stream with exogenous sugar. It also maintained both a steady and a slow decrease in blood sugar until the fasting level was again reached. With its easy and widespread availability, palatability, and digestibility it would seem to be a form of carbohydrate which should have wider use in infant feeding.
Beliefs About Hospital Diabetes and Perceived Barriers to Glucose Management Among Inpatient Midlevel Practitioners

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore attitudes among inpatient midlevel practitioners about hospital hyperglycemia and to identify perceived barriers to care. Methods A questionnaire previously applied to resident physicians was administered to midlevel providers (physician assistants and nurse practitioners) to determine their beliefs about the importance of inpatient glucose control, their perceptions about what glucose ranges were desirable, and the problems they encountered when trying to manage hyperglycemia in the hospital. Barriers to care reported in this study were also combined with responses from the prior resident survey. Results Most respondents indicated that glucose control was very important in critically ill, noncritically ill, and perioperative patients. However, most felt only somewhat comfortable treating hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and with using subcutaneous insulin; respondents expressed the least amount of confidence with using insulin infusions and insulin pumps. Respondents were not familiar with existing institutional polices and preprinted order sets relating to glucose management. The most commonly reported barrier to hyperglycemia management in the hospital was lack of familiarity with how to use insulin, a finding that persisted after analyzing composite resident and midlevel responses. Conclusions Most midlevel providers acknowledged the importance of good glucose control in the hospital. Lack of familiarity with how to use insulin in the hospital was the most commonly cited barrier to care. Educational programs should heavily emphasize inpatient treatment strategies.
Pore Structure, Thinning Effect, and Lateral Diffusive Dynamics of Oriented Lipid Membranes Interacting with Antimicrobial Peptide Protegrin-1: 31P and 2H Solid-State NMR Study

Membrane pores that are induced in oriented membranes by an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), protegrin-1 (PG-1), are investigated by (31)P and (2)H solid state NMR spectroscopy. We incorporated a well-studied peptide, protegrin-1 (PG-1), a beta-sheet AMP, to investigate AMP-induced dynamic supramolecular lipid assemblies at different peptide concentrations and membrane compositions. Anisotropic NMR line shapes specifying toroidal pores and thinned membranes, which are formed in membrane bilayers by the binding of AMPs, have been analyzed for the first time. Theoretical NMR line shapes of lipids distributed on the surface of toroidal pores and thinned membranes reproduce reasonably well the line shape characteristics of our experimentally measured (31)P and (2)H solid-state NMR spectra of oriented lipids binding with PG-1. The lateral diffusions of lipids are also analyzed from the motionally averaged one- and two-dimensional (31)P and (2)H solid-state NMR spectra of oriented lipids that are binding with AMPs.
Fire spread over liquid fuels: Liquid phase parameters

Fire spread over liquid fuels at sub-flash temperatures is known to be controlled mainly by flows induced in the liquid. The liquid flows are driven by surface tension and buoyancy forces, and depend upon Prandtl number, fuel depth and flame speed. The effect of these parameters has been obtained from numerical solutions of the equations governing the liquid phase and results are reported and summarized in the present paper. The induced surface velocities are found to depend principally upon surface tension and layer depth, and therefore emerge as a property of a liquid fuel layer. The surface velocity is hypothesized as rate-determining, and is found to be in good agreement with experimental flame spread rates for hydrocarbon and alcohol fuels reported by Glassman, Akita, and others.
International Intervention and the Severity of Genocides and Politicides

This study examines the effectiveness of overt military intervention in slowing or stopping the killing during ongoing instances of genocide or politicide. Six alternative hypotheses regarding the potential effects of intervention on genocide/politicide severity are tested in a cross-national longitudinal analysis of all ongoing genodices or politicides from 1995 to 1997. The results suggest that interventions that directly challenge the perpetrator or aid the target of the brutal policy are the only effective type of military responses, increasing the probability that the magnitude of the slaughter can be slowed or stopped. Impartial interventions seem to be ineffective at reducing severity, and interventions to challenge the perpetrator do not make matters worse for the targets of genocide or politicide. The findings are consistent with recent arguments that attempts to prevent or alleviate mass killings should focus on opposing, restraining, or disarming perpetrators and/or removing them from power.
Exocytosis in bovine chromaffin cells: studies with patch-clamp capacitance and FM1-43 fluorescence.

Abstract In response to physiological stimuli, neuroendocrine cells secrete neurotransmitters through a Ca 2+ -dependent fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane. We studied insertion of granules in bovine chromaffin cells using capacitance as a measure of plasma membrane area and fluorescence of a membrane marker FM1-43 as a measure of exocytosis. Intracellular dialysis with [Ca 2+ ] (1.5–100 μ M) evoked massive exocytosis that was sufficient to double plasma membrane area but did not swell cells. In principle, in the absence of endocytosis, the addition of granule membrane would be anticipated to produce similar increases in the capacitance and FM1-43 fluorescence responses. However, when endocytosis was minimal, the changes in capacitance were markedly larger than the corresponding changes in FM1-43 fluorescence. Moreover, the apparent differences between capacitance and FM1-43 fluorescence changes increased with larger exocytic responses, as more granules fused with the plasma membrane. In experiments in which exocytosis was suppressed, increasing membrane tension by osmotically induced cell swelling increased FM1-43 fluorescence, suggesting that FM1-43 fluorescence is sensitive to changes in the membrane tension. Thus, increasing membrane area through exocytosis does not swell chromaffin cells but may decrease membrane tension.
Effect of 3-hydroxyproline residues on collagen stability.

Collagen is an integral part of many types of connective tissue in animals, especially skin, bones, cartilage, and basement membranes. A fibrous protein, collagen has a triple-helical structure, which is comprised of strands with a repeating Xaa-Yaa-Gly sequence. l-Proline (Pro) and 4(R)-hydroxy-l-proline (4-Hyp) residues occur most often in the Xaa and Yaa positions. The 4-Hyp residue is known to increase markedly the conformational stability of a collagen triple helix. In natural collagen, a 3(S)-hydroxy-l-proline (3-Hyp) residue occurs in the sequence: 3-Hyp-4-Hyp-Gly. Its effect on collagen stability is unknown. Here, two host−guest peptides containing 3-Hyp are synthesized: (Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)3-3-Hyp-4-Hyp-Gly-(Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)3 (peptide 1) and (Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)3-Pro-3-Hyp-Gly-(Pro-4-Hyp-Gly)3 (peptide 2). The 3-Hyp residues in these two peptides diminish triple-helical stability in comparison to Pro. This destabilization is small when 3-Hyp is in the natural Xaa position (peptide 1). There, the inductive ...
Patterns and outcomes of aortofemoral bypass grafting in the era of endovascular interventions.

Abstract Objectives The aim of the study is to study contemporary presentation patterns and clinical results in patients undergoing aortofemoral bypass (AFB) surgery. Design This was a retrospective comparative study. Material and methods During a 14-year period, 269 consecutive patients (mean age 65 years) underwent AFB. Indications included occlusive disease with severe intermittent claudication (IC) (n = 86), critical limb ischaemia (CLI, n = 97) and aneurysmo-occlusive disease (n = 86). Results From 2000–07 on, AFB was performed more frequently for occlusive disease with CLI than for other indications (48% vs. 31% before 2000, P = 0.009) and also in women (51% vs. 32% before 2000, P = 0.003), compared to the period before 2000. Thirty-day mortality was reduced during 2000–2007 to 2.4%, compared with 4.3% during 1993–1999, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.73). Morbidity did not change substantially over the study period. Predictors of 30-day mortality included indication (CLI = 4.1% vs. claudication = 1.2% (P = 0.37)) and chronic kidney disease (CKD, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg dl−1) (11.1% vs. 2.9% in normal renal function, P = 0.07), the latter being the single predictor on multivariate analysis (hazard risk 4.2, P = 0.047). Overall 5 and 10-year assisted primary and secondary patency was 95% and 88%, and 99% and 95%, respectively. Survival at 5 and 10 years was 69% and 48%, respectively. Patient age (hazard risk 1.05, P Conclusions In the contemporary era, AFB is more likely to be performed for CLI and in women than in the past. Despite these changes, perioperative mortality and morbidity remain low and long-term outcome excellent.
REDEFINING THE BOUNDARIES OF WORK: APPAREL WORKERS AND COMMUNITY UNIONISM IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

This article focuses on new forms of community unionism that are being developed by apparel workers. Based on ethnographic research in Mexico and the United States, it argues that because so many apparel workers are women, because women have been excluded from unions in many contexts, because the relationship of apparel workers to their employers is “flexible” and unstable, and because the high turnover rates associated with low wages and poor working conditions erode long-term relations among workers themselves, workers find it easier to organize outside the factory than within it. Challenging traditional definitions of what kinds of issues labor activism should address, women working in the apparel sector have invented radical new agendas for social change that confront the state as well as industry, attend to the social reproduction of their communities as well as the wage, and call on employers to recognize that workers have gendered and fallible bodies. The author thanks the National Science Foundati...
Hirsutism: Diagnosis and management.

Abstract Background: Hirsutism is defined as excess hair growth in androgen-dependent areas of the body in women. Objective: This article provides an updated review of hirsutism, focusing on the etiologies, clinical features, approach to diagnostic evaluation, and treatment options. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for English-language articles published from 1981 to the present, using the terms hirsutism, polycystic ovarian syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hirsutism diagnosis, and hirsutism treatment . Reference lists from review articles on hirsutism during this time period were also examined. Results: While there are many causes of hirsutism, the majority of patients have a benign process that may be idiopathic. In some circumstances, hirsutism is a sign of functional ovarian hyperandrogenism or congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Even more rarely, it is the presenting sign of an internal malignancy. Conclusions: Hirsutism clinically presents in women as excessive hair growth in androgen-dependent areas. It is a particularly important diagnosis to make, because it often significantly affects a woman's perception of her femininity and less commonly can be a sign of an underlying malignancy or a cutaneous manifestation of a condition with significant cardiovascular or other morbidity. A variety of treatments exist to help minimize the appearance of unwanted hair.
Engineering Alumni Speak Out about Speech

“The engineer who cannot express himself on any subject of which he has knowledge, clearly and extemporaneously, is seriously handicapped. Even junior engineers are frequently asked to make oral reports at high-level meetings. The impression that the engineer makes on the people at the meeting may determine his future.”“Leaders in industry have one quality in common—they speak well. If you aspire to lead, concentrate on improving your speech in college. Time for this asset is a most valuable commodity afterwards.”(The quotations above were made by alumni who were surveyed concerning the importance of speech, especially for the engineer.)
Development and application of a high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of phytoestrogens

A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed for the separation and quantification of isoflavones and coumestans possessing known oestrogenic activity. This has been applied to an examination of samples from the British Total Diet Study and four commercially available soya-based foods.
Activities and isozymes of malate and lactate dehydrogenases in culture and bloodstream form trypanosomes

Abstract 1. 1. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of the culture from Trypanosoma conorhini has an activity of 158 units/min per mg protein and is composed of five isozymes. This LDH had abnormal Michaelis-Menten kinetics and is denatured by 2 M urea. 2. 2. LDH activities of the kinetoplastic and dyskinetoplastic bloodstream forms of T. equiperdum are 23 and 33 units/min per mg protein, respectively. LDHs of both forms are composed of two isozymes. 3. 3. The malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity of T. conorhini is 7337 units/min per mg protein. The MDH is composed of two isozymes when NAD is used and three isozymes when NADP is used as the cofactor. The anodal isozyme was the mitochondrial MDH and the soluble fraction contained both MDH isozymes. 4. 4. The MDH activity of the kinetoplastic and dyskinetoplastic forms of T. equiperdum are, respectively, 355 and 298 units/min per mg protein. The MDH of both forms was composed of three closely spaced cathodal isozymes. 5. 5. LDH increased in activity as the T. conorhini cultures aged. MDH increased and LDH decreased in cultures with a larger surface to volume ratio than the cultures normally used.
Positively reframing perceptions of the menstrual cycle among women with premenstrual syndrome.

Objective: To positively reframe perceptions of menstrual cycle experiences to diminish reports of negative perimenstrual symptoms among women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Design/Sample: A longitudinal quasi-experimental research design; data were collected on 28 women. Setting: Treatment sessions were conducted in a university classroom in the northeastern United States. Intervention: The intervention consisted of a health promotion program that provided social support and a psychoeducational intervention with a positive reframing psychotherapeutic maneuver. Main Outcome Measures: To describe (a) perceptions of biologic, psychologic, and social outcomes related to perimenstrual changes and (b) compare biologic, psychologic, and social outcomes of women participating in a health promotion intervention with women not participating. Results : Negative perimenstrual symptom reports decreased for women in the experimental group. In addition, the participants' personal resources increased significantly. Conclusions: Participation in a peer support group that provides women with information on positive concomitants of the menstrual cycle can benefit women with PMS.
Automated Discovery of Tissue-Targeting Enhancers and Transcription Factors from Binding Motif and Gene Function Data

Identifying enhancers regulating gene expression remains an important and challenging task. While recent sequencing-based methods provide epigenomic characteristics that correlate well with enhancer activity, it remains onerous to comprehensively identify all enhancers across development. Here we introduce a computational framework to identify tissue-specific enhancers evolving under purifying selection. First, we incorporate high-confidence binding site predictions with target gene functional enrichment analysis to identify transcription factors (TFs) likely functioning in a particular context. We then search the genome for clusters of binding sites for these TFs, overcoming previous constraints associated with biased manual curation of TFs or enhancers. Applying our method to the placenta, we find 33 known and implicate 17 novel TFs in placental function, and discover 2,216 putative placenta enhancers. Using luciferase reporter assays, 31/36 (86%) tested candidates drive activity in placental cells. Our predictions agree well with recent epigenomic data in human and mouse, yet over half our loci, including 7/8 (87%) tested regions, are novel. Finally, we establish that our method is generalizable by applying it to 5 additional tissues: heart, pancreas, blood vessel, bone marrow, and liver.
Falsifying ARCH/GARCH Models Using Bispectral Based Tests

This article shows that the Hinich (1982) bispectrum test for gaussianity and the Hinich and Rothman (1998) test for time reversibility can be used to falsify the null hypothesis that an autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic model (ARCH) or its generalization (GARCH) generates nonlinear behavior in the variance of an observed time series. The term “falsify” means that the null hypothesis can be rejected with a given size using a nonparametric test based on the bispectrum where the data is trimmed to control the sizes. Rejecting the null hypothesis implies that the ARCH or GARCH model that is estimated from the data is not a complete statistical description of the dependence structure in the variance of the process.
Yet another geometric programming dual algorithm

We describe an algorithm for the geometric programming dual problem which uses an adaptation of the generalized LP algorithm, proposed by Dantzig et al. twenty-five years ago for the chemical equilibrium problem, and show the slack primal constraints pose no numerical difficulties for this algorithm as they do for previous dual-based algorithms.
STORM: A Simple Traffic-Optimized Router Microarchitecture for Networks-on-Chip

Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) offer a scalable means of on-chip communication for future many-core chips. This work explores NoC router microarchitectures which leverage traffic pattern biases and imbalances to reduce latency and improve throughput. It introduces STORM, a new, low-latency, fair, highth-roughput NoC router design, customized for the traffic seen in a two-dimensional mesh network employing dimension-order routing. Compared to a baseline NoC router with equivalent buffer resources, STORM offers single cycle operation and reduced cycle time (17% less than the baseline on 45nm CMOS). This design yields a higher overall network saturation throughput (13% higher than the baseline) in an 8x8 2D mesh network for uniform random traffic. STORM also reduces packet latencies under realistic workloads by 36% on average.
Patterns of Radiation Therapy Practice for Patients Treated for Intact Cervical Cancer in 2005 to 2007: A Quality Research in Radiation Oncology Study

Purpose To assess practice patterns and compliance with clinical performance measures for radiation therapy (RT) for patients with intact carcinoma of the cervix. Methods and Materials Trained research associates reviewed the records of 261 randomly selected patients who received RT for cervix carcinoma between 2005 and 2007 from 45 facilities randomly selected after stratification by practice type. National estimates of patient and treatment characteristics were calculated from survey data using SUDAAN statistical software. Results From the survey data, we estimated that only 8% of US facilities treated on average more than 3 eligible patients per year. No small or medium nonacademic facilities in the survey treated more than 3 eligible patients per year. Approximately 65.5% of patients began treatment in a facility that treated 3 or fewer eligible patients per year. Although 87.5% of patients had brachytherapy as part of their treatment, the proportion treated with external beam RT only was about double that estimated from the 1996 to 1999 survey. The use of high-dose-rate brachytherapy sharply increased, particularly in small nonacademic facilities. Overall, patients treated in nonacademic facilities were more likely to have incomplete or protracted treatment; 43% of patients treated in small nonacademic facilities did not have treatment completed within 10 weeks. Also, patients treated in facilities that treated 3 or fewer eligible patients per year were significantly less likely to receive concurrent chemotherapy than were patients treated in other facilities. Conclusion Survey results indicate a disturbingly high rate of noncompliance with established criteria for high-quality care of patients with cervical cancer. Noncompliance rates are particularly high in nonacademic facilities, especially those that treat relatively few patients with intact cervical cancer.
Effect of film thickness on the dynamic elastic modulus of cellophane

The effect of film thickness on the dynamic modulus of cellophane has been investigated to inquire into structural differences that may exist in cellophane, resulting from different conditions of regeneration. Modulus measurements on different types of platecast and commercial films at first indicated a decrease in modulus with an increase in film thickness. For all films a limiting stiffness was approached with increasing thickness which appeared to be independent of the type of film. This result, however, was proved to be an artifact introduced by an instrumental effect; the dynamic modulus apparatus was found to behave as a spring in series with the film. The moduli of all films were corrected for this effect and the mean values of the moduli in the machine and transverse directions were averaged for all films separately by types and by thicknesses. The values were found to be independent of film thickness, for all types of cellophane. Cellophane by this method of study shows no indication of a point-to-point variation in structure in the thickness dimension. Differences in modulus do exist among different types of cellophanes, however, and are undoubtedly the result of structural differences that arise during different methods of preparation.
Temporal capacity of short-term visuomotor memory in continuous force production

The focus of this article is on the temporal capacity of short-term visuomotor memory as reflected by changes in the time and frequency patterns of force output. In experiment 1, subjects produced continuous force output (isometric index finger flexion) to a target force level (from 5 to 75% of maximum voluntary contraction, MVC) displayed on a video monitor for 20 s. In the full visual feedback condition, visual feedback was displayed throughout each trial, while, for the visual feedback-withdrawal condition, visual feedback was occluded for the final 12 s of each trial. With visual feedback present, subjects matched their force output to the target force level for 20 s. When visual feedback was removed, participants continued to match the target force level for approximately 0.5-1.5 s; thereafter force output decayed exponentially. In line with this decay, short time-frequency analysis revealed a decrease in force intensity in the 0- to 5-Hz band. Force level did not influence the time before decay; however, greater forces led to larger decay. Experiment 2 assessed whether the force decay in experiment 1 was a property of visual or motor short-term memory by having participants set their own target force levels with no visual information provided throughout. In agreement with the findings of experiment 1, force output decayed, emphasizing the importance of a motor memory source. It is concluded that the 0.5- to 1.5-s time period represents a limit on the temporal capacity that precise visuomotor information is held in short-term memory.
Arrest Histories of High-Risk Gay and Bisexual Men in Miami: Unexpected Additional Evidence For Syndemic Theory

Gay and bisexual men continue to suffer the highest burden of HIV/AIDS in the U.S. Since the beginning of the epidemic, substance abuse has been shown to be one of the strongest predictors of sexual risk behaviors and seroconversion among this population. Recent research has focused on additional aspects of health risk disparities among gay and bisexual men, including depression and other mental health problems, childhood sexual abuse, and adult victimization, suggesting that these men are impacted by a syndemic of health risks. The involvement of gay and bisexual men with the criminal justice system is largely absent from the literature. This article describes the nature, extent and predictors of the arrest histories of a sample of gay and bisexual substance users at very high risk for HIV infection and/or transmission. These histories are surprisingly extensive, and are strongly associated with poverty, severe mental distress, substance abuse and dependence, and victimization. The involvement of gay and bisexual men in the criminal justice system deserves a stronger research focus because of the unique challenges facing such men and also because arrests are yet another marker for a host of health risks among them.
Sensitivity of Potato Cultivars to Potato mop-top virus-Induced Tuber Necrosis.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars representing four market classes were assessed for sensitivity to Potato mop-top virus (PMTV)-induced tuber necrosis in three separate trials in a field in Nort...
Uptake of NOX by activated carbons: bench-scale and pilot-plant testing

Abstract The possibility of selectively removing NO x from gas containing CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , H 2 O, SO 2 and NO x has been examined using bench-scale and pilot-scale experimentation. These results have shown that NO can be selectively sequestered from the gas if the oxygen concentration is high enough and the SO 2 concentration is low enough. Oxygen enhances the amount of NO removed, and promotes the conversion of NO to NO 2 (via NO + 1/2O 2 → NO 2 ) and the adsorption of NO 2 within the carbons' micropores. The carbon is not consumed if during NO 2 desorption its temperature is maintained below about 200 °C. The presence of SO 2 inhibits the oxidation of NO and the subsequent storage of NO 2 within micropores but, at concentrations typical to gases after post-combustion sulfur scrubbers, such inhibition is an immediate effect probably associated with selective site poisoning rather than a cumulative effect associated with pore blocking or sulfur retention. The possibility of removing NO and NO 2 from combustion flue gas and the extent to which fines were produced during pilot-plant testing of activated carbons will also be discussed. Wear patterns on the carbon surface subsequent to the pilot-plant studies and NO x uptake calculated from gas-phase and sorbent analyses are compared to data from the bench-scale experimentation. Information needed for more complete understanding of the interaction of NO + SO 2 on and within carbon is discussed.
Observation of misfit dislocation arrays in high angle (110) twist grain boundaries in gold

Abstract The fine structure of high angle (110) twist boundaries in gold was studied using electron microscopy. A considerable number of boundaries was prepared by welding epitaxial thin films of gold together at various twist angles. Orthogonal arrays of grain boundary misfit dislocations were detected in the vicinity of the critical angles at which the two highest density coincidence site interfaces are formed in this system. These orthogonal arrays were shown to consist of grids of screw dislocations embedded in the interfaces corresponding to the exact high density coincidence misorientations. The misfit dislocations therefore served to ‘correct’ for effects due to rotational deviations from the exact coincidence site orientations.
Learning about fields and waves using visual electromagnetics

Electromagnetics education needs to take advantage of modern technology if it is to continue attracting adequate numbers of students to its study. Visual electromagnetics (VEM) is defined as an interactive and visual learning environment aiming to provide a more appealing and intuitive means of studying electromagnetics. VEM involves computer graphics with varying degrees of interactivity available from stored results developed offline or generated online in real time. The two approaches, designated as stored-solution modes (SSM) and generated-solution modes (GSM), are discussed and illustrated with representative results, using as examples projects being conducted at the University of California, Davis, and the University of Kansas. A brief overview survey is given of projects at other US universities and of sources of instructional software. >
Quantum electrodynamic circuits at ultralow temperature

Within present low-temperature technology it is possible to construct macroscopic circuits which exhibit quantum behavior, i.e., subcircuit currents and voltages need to be treated as operators rather than numerical quantities. The general theory of “quantum circuits” is discussed with a view toward the experimental verification of quantum electrodynamics on a macroscopic scale.
EEG correlates of attention in humans

Abstract An attempt is made in this report to extend the Bremner attention model to human EEG data. Data are present which show changes predicted by the expectancy subset originally defined by animal EEG data. An additional subset, internal focus, is proposed and partially supported by changes in human EEG. It is suggested that this subset is unique to humans.
Financial Credit: Social Work's Role in Empowering Low-Income Families

Social workers interact with families and communities that financially struggle and have credit challenges. Social workers could benefit from increasing their financial literacy to knowledgeably educate, assist, and refer families in financial need. Specifically, knowledge about credit is imperative in today's economy. This article provides information about financial credit, financial literacy efforts, and the basics about credit, credit reports, and credit scores. Discussion is centered on the roles social workers could play in assisting families to build credit and make sound financial decisions. Areas for policy advocacy about financial literacy and credit are delineated.
Detection of masked patterns in monkeys with inferotemporal, striate or dorsolateral frontal lesions.

Monkeys with lateral striate (LS) lesions, inferotemporal (IT) lesions or dorsolateral frontal (DLF) lesions were trained to discriminate between two visual patterns before and after the patterns were masked with irrelevant stimuli (rings enclosing the patterns). Compared to the DLF monkeys, the IT monkeys and one monkey with LS lesions were retarded in dis- criminating between the unmasked patterns. Irrespective of their performance with unmasked patterns, the IT and LS monkeys were impaired in discriminating the masked patterns, compared to the DLF monkeys. Analysis of performance in testing suggests that both LS and IT lesions produce an impairment in selective attention to visual stimuli.