cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience, certainty and control, and the direct evidential in Wanka Quechua questions

Evidentiality is traditionally discussed in terms of information source and its relation to the degree of commitment a speaker has with respect to a proposition. Furthermore, it is a notion that is usually thought to apply principally to assertions. A consideration of the full range of uses of the Wanka Quechua direct evidential shows that while these concepts are generally sufficient for the description of prototypical usage, understanding other uses requires explanation along different lines. Certain non-prototypical uses exemplify a type of subjectification, a process of semantic change that has been observed cross-linguistically (cf. Traugott 1989, Langacker 1990). The use of the direct evidential as a grammaticalized marker of content (WH) questions is particularly anomalous from a traditional perspective. However, it can be shown to be a well-motivated extension from other uses within the semantic network.
Iron-sulfur centers involved in methanogenic electron transfer in methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (delta-H)

Utilizing a subcellular particulate preparation from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (delta-H) which contains all detectable methanogenic electron transfer activity, we present the results of the effects of the anaerobic addition of oxidized factor F420 and of methyl coenzyme M plus ATP on the EPR signals from reduced iron-sulfur centers and a rapidly-relaxing radical species. Based on these results, we report the existence of a minimum of three iron-sulfur centers which are capable of donating electrons to these cofactors.
Paxillin Is Tyrosine-phosphorylated by and Preferentially Associates with the Calcium-dependent Tyrosine Kinase in Rat Liver Epithelial Cells

We and others have recently cloned a non-receptor, calcium-dependent tyrosine kinase (CADTK; also known as PYK2, CAKbeta, and RAFTK) that shares both overall domain structure and 45% amino acid identity with p125(FAK). We have studied the signaling, activation, and potential function of these related enzymes in GN4 rat liver epithelial cells that express CADTK and p125(FAK) at roughly similar levels. p125(FAK) is nearly fully tyrosine-phosphorylated in resting GN4 cells. In contrast, while CADTK is not tyrosine-autophosphorylated in untreated cells, angiotensin II increases CADTK Tyr(P) by 5-10-fold. With regard to signaling, CADTK activation is correlated with stimulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p70(S6K) pathways but not with the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase or p90(RSK). In this report we assessed the contribution of CADTK and p125(FAK) to tyrosine phosphorylation of focal contact proteins. In adherent GN4 cells, the constitutive activity of p125(FAK) was correlated with basal paxillin, tensin, and p130(CAS) tyrosine phosphorylation. A rapid increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of each protein was detected after treatment with angiotensin II or other agonists that stimulate CADTK; the prolonged 3-4-fold increase in paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation was the most substantial change. In the WB cell line that expresses 3-fold less CADTK than GN4 cell line agonist-dependent paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation is similarly reduced. Immunoprecipitation of CADTK from GN4 cells revealed CADTK. paxillin complexes that persisted in 500 mM NaCl but not in 0.1% SDS cell lysis buffer. The complexes were largely independent of the tyrosine phosphorylation state of either protein. Surprisingly, we did not detect p125(FAK).paxillin complexes in immunoprecipitates using either of two p125(FAK) antibodies. When CADTK and p125(FAK) were transiently overexpressed in 293(T) cells, both enzymes associated with paxillin, but the avidity of CADTK appeared to be greater. In addition, in transfected 293(T) cells, complexes between CADTK and another potential substrate, p130(CAS), were detected. In summary, in GN4 rat liver epithelial cells stimulation of CADTK was highly correlated with paxillin tyrosine phosphorylation; in addition, CADTK but not p125(FAK) was complexed to paxillin at detectable levels. This suggests that agonist-dependent cytoskeletal changes in epithelial cells might proceed, in part, by CADTK-dependent mechanisms.
Sleep Habits in Toddlers 18 to 36 Months Old

Abstract Although sleep disruptions are very common in toddlers, developmental norms have not yet been established. A Toddler Sleep Habits Questionnaire was designed to obtain descriptions of toddlers' sleep habits and to clarify what constitutes a sleep problem. Data obtained from the questionnaire in a middle to upper-middle-class sample showed that a substantial proportion of the children had struggles around bedtime, used a special toy to aid in falling asleep, used a nightlight, and continued to have regular night waking. Parents were not concerned about these habits but did express worry about such behaviors as cosleeping, needing to hold the child at bedtime, or giving a bottle during the night. Comparison of these results with those of other studies suggests that some sleep disruptions, such as bedtime settling difficulties and middle of the night awakening, may have a developmental basis.
Was Jesus a Peasant? Implications for Reading the Samaritan Story (Luke 10:30-35)

The meaning of the Jesus tradition, especially the parables of Jesus, depends upon a world of experience, values, and institutions far different from our own. Anachronistic assumptions regarding, or inadequate understanding of, social context and audience can potentially mask the original meaning inherent in authentic Jesus material. This article proposes to examine conceptions of peasantry currently entertained by the social sciences. On this basis, it is argued that Jesus is best seen as a peasant artisan and that peasant assumptions and values urge a very different reading for the Samaritan Story in Luke.
The transformation of the American Sociological Association

L'American Sociological Association n'est plus la societe savante qu'elle fut a sa creation mais s'est transformee durant le dernier quart de siecle en association professionnelle. Faire avancer la discipline n'est plus son role principal car des activites extra-disciplinaires comme des implications dans l'enseignement ou des interets politiques mobilisent desormais une large partie de ses ressources. Une consequence de cet elargissement des champs d'actions a ete une differenciation des fonctions internes en sous-groupes qui se concurrencent ou manifestent un certain esprit de corps. Ceci a affaibli le controle de l'association par les elites de la discipline. Ainsi, ce qui a permis un accroissement du pluralisme interne (par la representation des minorites, par exemple) et des services professionnels est aussi ce qui a affaibli l'ASA dans son role d'elaboration et de transmission des savoirs sociologiques
The economic uses and associated folklore of ferns and fern allies

Ferns (and their allies) have an interesting history which is reflected in folklore and legends. “FERN SEEDS” were thought to make one invisible. The possessor of these “SEEDS” allowed the finder to understand the language of birds, find buried treasure, and have the strength of forty men. Historically, they have been an important source of drugs, food, and fibers as well as other products. Fern dyes are being widely used. Ferns, which are eaten worldwide, are currently being explored as a possible source of carcinoma in humans when ingested. This paper is a compendium of fern uses and folklore.
Cellular metabolism of lead: a kinetic analysis in the isolated rat hepatocyte.

Abstract Experiments were conducted to characterize the steady state kinetic behavior of Pb2+ and to identify the biological structures associated with the kinetic compartments. Hepatocytes were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats by enzymatic perfusion, placed into primary cell culture, labeled with 210Pb as 3 μ m lead acetate for 3 or 24 hr and the kinetic parameters determined by analysis of desaturation curves. Extracellular compartments were defined by sensitivity to EGTA and LaCl3, and intracellular compartments were identified by their behavior following exposure of the cells to KCN, ouabain, 2,4-dinitrophenol, cAMP, antimycin A, or phosphate. The kinetic behavior of lead can be described as a three compartment system. Since no kinetic pool was labile to chelation by EGTA or to displacement by LaCl3, it is concluded that hepatocytes do not contain a significant pool of Pb2+ bound to the cell surface as they do of Ca2+. The intracellular lead is characterized by two small compartments (0.136 and 0.077 nmol/mg cell protein) with desaturation halftimes of 1 and 20 min respectively. The bulk (85%) of the cellular 210Pb is found in the kinetically “deep” compartment which contains 1.5 nmol/mg and exchanges with a halftime of 800 min. This compartment is believed to include mitochondrial 210Pb, based on its sensitivity to KCN, dinitrophenol, and phosphate. These findings indicate that the kinetic cellular metabolism of lead is similar to the cellular metabolism of calcium in hepatocytes.
The Digital Horserace: An Analysis of Differences in Student Computer Use across the States and across the Years

Using the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Data Explorer, this analysis documents differences in student computer use across the states and across the years. A few noticeable trends emerged. First, there was a significant increase in the frequency of computer use, particularly for math, between 1998 and 2003. Second, elementary school students in the states of West Virginia, Georgia, and Mississippi continually exceed the national average with respect to reported daily (or almost daily) computer use. Finally, there is a regional aspect to student computer use in schools. Spurred by West Virginia and Florida initially, states in the southeastern quadrant of the country have experienced policy diffusion and have engaged in what can best be described as a digital horserace.
cmvIL-10 Stimulates the Invasive Potential of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Cancer is the result of unregulated cell growth that leads to tumor formation, and in many cases, metastases. Although there are several risk factors associated with cancer, one area that remains poorly understood is the impact of infectious disease. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a member of the herpesvirus family that is highly prevalent in the population. HCMV usually causes clinical disease only in immune compromised individuals, but recent evidence suggests that HCMV may be strongly associated with some forms of cancer, particularly glioblastoma and breast cancer. We investigated the possibility that cmvIL-10, a viral cytokine with homology to human IL-10 that is secreted from infected cells, could act in a paracrine manner to alter the tumor microenvironment, induce cell signaling, and increase the invasive potential of cancer cells. We found that human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells express the IL-10 receptor and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in activation of Stat3, a transcription factor strongly associated with enhanced metastatic potential and chemo-resistance. In addition, cmvIL-10 stimulated an increase in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, protected MDA-MB-231 cells from etoposide-induced apoptosis, and also greatly enhanced chemotaxis toward epidermal growth factor (EGF). These results suggest a significant and wide-ranging role for cmvIL-10 in the progression of breast cancer and could have broad implications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer in HCMV-positive patients.
What's so special about the human genome?

Glenn McGee argues that the time is now for debating the morality of patenting human genes. In one sense he is surely right. While thousands of patents have been issued or are pending on many gene sequences, public policy with respect to ownership of the human genome is still far from settled. So a debate about the ethics of patenting genes is, if nothing else, timely. In another sense however, Professor McGee is wrong.
Improved mutual injection locking range for VCOs in a coupled oscillator system

Coupled oscillator arrays (COAs) have been introduced as a simple, low cost method to achieve spatial power combining with the flexibility to generate the phase shifts necessary for beam steering applications. One difficulty in fabricating large scale COAs is the need for tight fabrication tolerances in order for the oscillators to lock to a single frequency. When an oscillator array is used for beam steering, small variations in the free-running frequency among oscillator cells lead to large changes in phase shift. If the oscillator cells manifest wide oscillator locking range the tolerance to frequency difference is maximized. This paper describes the theory of coupled oscillator arrays and identifies the relationships that dictate the interaction between injection locking range, cell-to-cell frequency deviation, and phase error. A method is described for maximizing the locking range in oscillator cell design. The influence of the coupling network on oscillator interaction is discussed, and measured results for small fabricated arrays are presented. Measured results show oscillator cell designs that attain locking range as high as /spl plusmn/6%.
Calibration of Stokes and scattering matrix format polarimetric SAR data

It is shown that the assumptions about the backscatter and the polarimetric radar system for the two approaches described in J.D. Klein's (1992) and J.J. van Zyl's (1990) papers are equivalent. It is demonstrated that, to first order in the radar system crosstalk (i.e. neglecting terms of second order and above), an exact solution to the Stokes matrix format data calibration problem exists. It is shown that van Zyl's approach can give this first-order solution for appropriately symmetrized polarimetric radar data. Then it is shown how, if the data are properly symmetrized, van Zyl's approach can be used to calibrate both scattering matrix and Stokes matrix format data. These conclusions should be generally applicable to polarimetric imaging radar system data. >
Neighborhood Context and Sexual Behaviors Among Adolescents: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health

METHODS: Multilevel logistic regression analyses of data from 14,151 adolescents in grades 7‐12 in Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health examined the relationships between four neighborhood dimensions (socioeconomic characteristics, norms and opportunity structure, social disorganization, and racial and ethnic composition) and the initiation of sex and contraceptive use at first and most recent sex. Individual- and householdlevel covariates were family income, parental education, race and ethnicity, age and family structure. Multivariate analyses were stratified by gender. RESULTS: All four dimensions of neighborhood context were independently associated with sexual initiation. For females, living in a neighborhood with a greater concentration of youth who were idle or black residents was associated with increased odds of sexual initiation, whereas a greater concentration of married households or Hispanic residents was associated with decreased odds of initiation. Higher initiation among males was associated with a higher concentration of poverty or idle youth, while lower initiation was found with a higher concentration of affluent households or working women. The sole association with contraceptive use was that females in neighborhoods with more idle youth had a reduced likelihood of having used contraceptives at first sex. CONCLUSIONS: Neighborhood context appears to be modestly associated with the sexual initiation of adolescents. However, little support was found for neighborhood influence on contraceptive use, suggesting that other factors may play a more important role in shaping adolescents’ contraceptive behaviors. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2005, 37(3):125‐134 By Catherine
Review article: BK virus in systemic lupus erythematosus

BK virus (BKV) is a human polyomavirus with a seroprevalence of 60–80 % in the general population. In renal transplant patients, it is known to cause renal failure, ureteric stenosis and hemorrhagic cystitis. In bone marrow transplant patients, it is evident that BKV can also cause hemorrhagic cystitis along with BK virus nephropathy (BKVN) in the native kidneys, with subsequent renal failure. However, little is known about BVKN in non-transplanted immune-compromised patients, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who may have underlying nephritis and have a compromised immune system due to therapy and/or systemic illness. Thus, this article will focus on the clinical aspects of BKV and its association in patients with SLE.
Using Global Positioning System to Improve School Bus Routing and Scheduling

School bus routing and scheduling in North Carolina are completed by using the transportation information management system (TIMS), according to state legislative mandate. TIMS uses an optimization algorithm to generate acceptable route alternatives to best serve the transported students and to minimize the required number of buses. This algorithm uses link travel times and speeds encoded in the geocode (digitized map) to determine the routes for each school bus in the state. The speeds and travel times used by TIMS have no mathematical basis and have not been calibrated for conditions in North Carolina. The encoded speeds are simply reductions of the posted speed limit to account for student stops and the bus's general inability to reach the posted speed. There is a need for models that can accurately estimate link travel times and student loading times so that TIMS can provide better estimates of optimal routes. On-board mobile Global Positioning System equipment was used on several school bus routes throughout the state to collect the data necessary for model development and validation. Two student loading time models were developed: a general model that can be used in an urban, a suburban, or a rural area, and an urban-specific model, which involves fewer predictor variables. Link travel-time models were developed according to the two most pertinent factors: link length and traffic control device type at the link's end. Model validation was successful, and now more-efficient school bus routes can be developed because of more-accurate geocode speed and travel-time estimates.
A roadmap of industrial cluster development: a case study of Thailand's HDD cluster

The formation and sustainability of industrial clusters have been a challenge for governments all over the world. It has been accepted that industrial clusters need to have strong linkages among Industry-University-Government (IUG) and can act as catalysts and be utilised as strategic tools to stimulate technology commercialisation. However, formation of a common vision and a strategy from these three different sectors is not easy since they are different in culture, objective and mindset. This research paper presents the formation of Thailand Hard Disk Drive (HDD) cluster. It reveals that IUG are involved in every step of cluster development in sharing visions, developing objectives and setting goals and finally designing roadmaps of activities, including funding allocation. All of these are important steps to develop industrial clusters, especially, innovation clusters which require a common ownership of strategies. This paper applies decision-making tools, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Pairwise Comparison Methodology (PCM) to prioritise strategic actions and to develop a roadmap of HDD industrial cluster development in Thailand.
Preoperative planning for revision total hip arthroplasty

Perioperative complications and unexpected surgical findings are much more common in revision total hip arthroplasty than they are in primary total hip arthroplasty. There are often problems during surgery that require special instruments, implants, bone grafts, or other accessories that may not be available unless the potential need for these items was anticipated. Anticipation of possible complications also is crucial so that the patient can provide informed consent. Preoperatively, patients and their families should be counseled regarding the specific additional risks associated with revision total hip arthroplasty. Preoperative planning is the first and most important step in performing a revision total hip arthroplasty. An organized approach reduces operative time, minimizes risks, decreases stress, and increases the success rate. Look for this and other related articles in Instructional Course Lectures, Volume 55, which will be published by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons in March 2006: • “Optimally Invasive Exposure in Revision Total Hip Replacement: A Guide to Selection and Technique,” by Andrew D. Toms, MD, Nelson V. Greidanus, MD, Donald S. Garbuz, MD, Bassam S. Masri, MD, and Clive P. Duncan, MD, MSc, FRCS(C) It is important to consider the entire patient rather than just the hip so that the risk of major perioperative complications can be minimized. Preoperative planning entails numerous crucial steps before the surgeon decides which instruments, implants, bone grafts, and accessories will be required. The preoperative planning includes obtaining a thorough history, a physical examination, appropriate preoperative imaging and laboratory studies, and establishing an accurate diagnosis. Preoperative templating is recognized as an important step. It helps to ensure that any required implants will be immediately available. Templating for more than one surgical option and anticipating intraoperative technical considerations must be a part of the preoperative planning process as well. Although total hip arthroplasty is successful in …
Suicidal behavior in bipolar mood disorder: clinical characteristics of attempters and nonattempters.

Objective: Bipolar Disorder is associated with a higher frequency of attempted suicide than most other psychiatric disorders. The reasons are unknown. This study compared bipolar subjects with a history of a suicide attempt to those without such a history, assessing suicidal behavior qualitatively and quantitatively, and examining possible demographic, psychopathologic and familial risk factors. Methods: Patients (ages 18 to 75) with a DSM III-R Bipolar Disorder (n=44) diagnosis determined by a structured interview for Axis I disorders were enrolled. Acute psychopathology, hopelessness, protective factors, and traits of aggression and impulsivity were measured. The number, method and degree of medical damage was assessed for suicide attempts, life-time. Results: Bipolar suicide attempters had more life-time episodes of major depression, and twice as many were in a current depressive or mixed episode, compared to bipolar nonattempters. Attempters reported more suicidal ideation immediately prior to admission, and fewer reasons for living even when the most recent suicide attempt preceded the index hospitalization by more than six months. Attempters had more lifetime aggression and were more likely to be male. However, attempters did not differ from nonattempters on lifetime impulsivity. Limitations: The generalizability of the results is limited because this is a study of inpatients with a history of suicide attempts. Patients with Bipolar I and NOS Disorders were pooled and a larger sample is needed to look at differences. We could not assess psychopathology immediately prior to the suicide attempt because, only half of the suicide attempters had made attempts in the six months prior to admission. Patients with current comorbid substance abuse were excluded. No suicide completers were studied. Conclusions: Bipolar subjects with a history of suicide attempt experience more episodes of depression, and react to them by having severe suicidal ideation. Their diathesis for acting on feelings of anger or suicidal ideation is suggested by a higher level of lifetime aggression and a pattern of repeated suicide attempts.
Partition Theorems for Subsets of Vector Spaces

Abstract The principal result of this paper provides a nearly complete answer to the following question. For which cardinal numbers t , m , n , q and r is it true that whenever the t -dimensional subspaces of an n -dimensional vector space V over a field of q elements are partitioned into r classes, there must be some m -dimensional subspace of V, all of whose t -dimensional subspaces lie in the same class? This question is answered completely if r ≤ N 0. The contributions of this paper are in the form of negative answers, since it turns out that all affirmative answers (which we have) were already known or easily deducible from known results.
Mercury generation potential from dental waste amalgam.

Abstract Objective. The main objective of this study was to quantify the total amount of amalgam used in dental offices in the state of Illinois and to estimate the fractions of amalgam waste material generated during dental procedures. A second objective was to estimate the fractions of non-contact, contact, and tooth retained amalgam through an in vitro study. Methods. The collection system consisted of containers placed in six dental offices and clinics to collect the material from the in-line trap (contact amalgam) and the excess dental amalgam not placed into the oral cavity (non-contact amalgam). In order to have comparable results, the data was adjusted by the number of dental chairs being used and the number of working days. Results. The range for the non-contact amalgam was from 0 to 102 g, and for the contact amalgam, from 2 to 16 g. The median estimate of non-contact amalgam generated from the 6 dental offices was 421 mg/day/chair, whereas the median estimate of contact amalgam was 64 mg/day/chair. For the in vitro study, 40 one and two surface amalgams (bicuspids and molars), was distributed as follows, 46±20% in the tooth, 43±19% as non-contact amalgam, and 11±4% as contact amalgam. Conclusions. Based on survey data from the ADA concerning the number of working days per year, the number of practicing dentists, a 50%, by weight, mercury content in amalgam, and the generation estimates from this project, it was estimated that the practicing dentists in the State of Illinois (6455) have the potential to generate 947 kg of non-contact mercury per year, which is recyclable, and 144 kg of contact mercury which has the potential to be discarded in the environment, or be partially recycled. If this approach is applied to the total population of practicing dentist in the United States (123,641), then 18,159 kg of recyclable, non-contact mercury may be generated per year, whereas 2763 kg of contact mercury may be discarded in the environment, or be partially recycled.
Entrapment of gas in the spreading of a liquid over a rough surface

Conditions for the incomplete displacement of gas from the valley between two parallel ridges by a liquid-drop front advancing over the ridges are calculated. The significant parameters are found to be the liquid density, surface tension, contact angle, and geometry of the ridges. The solution may be obtained analytically or, more conveniently, graphically. Surface roughnesses are divided into four classes, one of which can stably switch from liquid—to gas—fill, and another vice versa. This may account for some of the hysteresis effects reported in bubble nucleation. It is pointed out that surfaces consisting predominately of cavities are more likely to follow these considerations than grooved surfaces, owing to displacement of gas by advance of liquid along the grooves. An example important in boiling and cavitation theory is worked out, and qualitative agreement with the literature is shown.
Ceramic liner fractures presenting as squeaking after primary total hip arthroplasty

Background Squeaking after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty is a relatively uncommon phenomenon. It usually does not require treatment in the absence of pain, mechanical symptoms, and/or relentless squeaking. The purpose of this investigation was to report on four patients who presented with hip pain and squeaking due to fractured ceramic liners after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty. Methods Four patients with painful squeaking after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty were seen at our institution. One patient had a revision for suspected loosening and excessive anteversion of the cup noted on radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The remaining three patients had a revision for audible squeaking with progressive pain. Results Intraoperatively, the ceramic liners of all four patients were fractured. Conclusions Squeaking after ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty rarely is a functional issue. However, painful squeaking without notable trauma may indicate fracture of the ceramic liner. Painful squeaking is difficult to evaluate by conventional imaging. When painful squeaking occurs, exploration via surgical revision is recommended in selected patients, as ceramic liner fractures may go unnoticed on radiographs and/or MRI and thus their actual prevalence may be higher than estimated.
Immunomodulatory properties of recombinant murine and human tumor necrosis factor

Tumor necrosis factor has traditionally been thought to have direct cytostatic and cytotoxic properties with little or no direct immunomodulatory activity. We report here that tumor necrosis factor is able to activate macrophages both in vitro and in vivo and can increase a mixed lymphocyte response and act as an adjuvant for both T- and B-cells in vivo. Adjuvant activity in T-cells occurred in conjunction with the administration of a suboptimal syngeneic tumor cell vaccine. In addition, tumor necrosis factor demonstrated a potent dose-dependent effect on bone marrow stem cell number, dramatically depressing cellularity and thus total stem cell number. An appreciable interval is required for recovery from such stem cell depletion. Therefore, the study of the therapeutic activity of tumor necrosis factor must include a consideration of its immunomodulatory properties.
Interpretive research design: concepts and processes

by Peregrine Schwartz-Shea and Dvora Yanow, New York, Routledge, 2011, 200 pp., $29.95 (paperback), ISBN-10 041587808X In social sciences a protracted academic tendency for positivist methodology i...
PS-15 Floating-Gate Based CMUT Sensing Circuit Using Capacitive Feedback Charge Amplifier

This paper describes the use of a floating-gate based capacitive feedback charge amplifier as a receive circuit for CMUT and investigates the charging effects. Detailed analysis of the capacitive sensing charge amplifier along with a floating-node charge adaptation circuit is presented. Compared with conventional approaches, using a charge amplifier, instead of a transimpedance amplifier, to detect capacitance variation avoids the dilemma of sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off. A version of the capacitive sensing charge amplifier is fabricated in a 0.5 mum CMOS process. The chip contains a 8-to-1 multiplexer and is interfaced with a CMUT annular-ring array, which is designed for forward-looking intravascular ultrasound imaging applications. Pulse-echo experiment is performed in an oil bath using a planar target 3 mm away from the array and the measurement result shows the signal-to-noise ratio of 16.65 dB with 122 muW power consumption around 3 MHz. In another implementation, channel hot electron (CHE) injection and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling currents are used to adjust the charge on the floating node and stabilize the output voltage. By using open-loop configuration, the leakage current of a CMUT device is characterized
Propagation of singularities for the wave equation on conic manifolds

For the wave equation associated to the Laplacian on a compact manifold with boundary with a conic metric (with respect to which the boundary is metrically a point) the propagation of singularities through the boundary is analyzed. Under appropriate regularity assumptions the diffracted, non-direct, wave produced by the boundary is shown to have Sobolev regularity greater than the incoming wave.
Geochemical and Paleomagnetic Stratigraphy of the Picture Gorge and Yakima Basalts (Columbia River Group) in Central Oregon

Trace- and major-element analyses and paleomagnetic measurements have been used in conjunction with field studies, mainly in central Oregon, to investigate the relation between the Picture Gorge and Yakima basalts as well as other more recently recognized basalt types in the Columbia River Group. Picture Gorge and Yakima basalts are rarely seen in contact, as they were separated at the time of eruption by the Blue Mountains anticline. Nearly all areas previously mapped as Yakima basalt on the south side of the anticline are in fact Picture Gorge basalt. Locally, however, a few flows of Picture Gorge basalt crossed the divide; in the Butte Creek area, Yakima and Picture Gorge flows are interbedded, thus providing a link for correlating the two units. Stratigraphic evidence thus suggests that the upper part of the Picture Gorge basalt was erupted at the same time as the lower part of the Yakima basalt. Miocene basalts in western Oregon have been compared with the Columbia River Group east of the Cascade Range. The main area mapped as Columbia River Group in the lower Willamette valley has the composition of Yakima basalt, but Miocene intrusions near Eugene and flows in the Sardine Formation are compositionally distinct from the chemical types recognized farther east.
Client Common Factors Represented by Client Motivation and Autonomy

Ryan and colleagues are applauded for elevating client factors in the form of motivation and autonomy to equal status with the alliance as common factors in psychotherapy. Next, client motivation and autonomy are explained to be inextricably linked with one promoting the other. Motivational methods are summarized for the major approaches, making the point that some motivational approaches are more related to the promotion of client autonomy. Change talk is explained as similar to solution talk. Both are social constructivist methods of motivating clients and overcoming impasse in therapy. Matching client beliefs, using client strengths, and providing compelling rationales are underscored as motivational techniques. Similarities between motivation and hope are drawn through Snyder’s hope theory and Frank and Frank’s contextual model of psychotherapy. Finally, motivation and the formation of the alliance are discussed as factors that overlap conceptually and interact as variables in research.
Arade River Archaeological Complex: Dredges and Archaeology

Situated on the southern coast of Portugal, the Arade River mouth has been visited and inhabited for over three millennia. Dredging operations, in the first and last decades of the 20th century, brought up the importance of Arade's cultural heritage and triggered a large-scale project of study, survey, and archaeological excavation. This project is conducted by Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Nautica e Subaquatica, the Portuguese agency for nautical archaeology, under the direction of Francisco Alves, and with the support of both local and state authorities. This paper is a preliminary assessment of the finds made so far. © 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society
Perl Programming for Biologists

Perl Programming for Biologists. By D. Curtis Jamison . Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003; 191 pages; $42.95 D. Curtis Jamison, PhD, an associate professor in the School of Computational Science at George Mason University in Manassas, Virginia, wrote the book Perl Programming for Biologists . Perl is an open-source interpreted scripting language originally designed for Unix systems programming by Larry Wall about 25 years ago. Due in large part to its powerful regular expressions for pattern matching and its accessibility for nonprogrammers, Perl has become the most popular programming language in bioinformatics. The goal of this book is to provide the reader with the background and tools necessary to write scripts of immediate practical value to his or her work. It is Dr. Jamison's long-held desire to see full integration of computer technology into the experimental protocol that he brings to Perl Programming for Biologists . That desire translates into a very accessible text, which any biomedical researcher lacking programming experience would find a quick and painless primer. This book clearly targets that audience, and in so doing is too elementary for most researchers with intermediate or advanced programming experience. Furthermore, …
A Professor of History in a Quandary

A PROFESSIONAL sense of duty impels me to confess that what I am about to say is to a certain extent unhistorical. It is in fact largely autobiographical. It suffers therefore, for one thing, from the egocentrism and the lapses of memory characteristic of autobiography. Besides, for the sake of clarity, I have knowingly exercised a certain amount of license with some well-remembered but complex episodes. I shall couch my relatively autobiographical remarks in the third person. For a speaker who is afraid to appear immodest, the third person seems an appropriate, and perhaps pardonable, saving device. Moreover, a too personal document might well fail to have any application to the more general problems of our profession, and I wish, in talking about myself, merely to describe, with as much detachment as I can muster, that member of our Association whose not unrepresentative professional quandary and its resolution are best known to me. Almost every other professor of history in a graduate school has encountered a similar quandary and some of them no doubt have resolved it with equal satisfaction. The very facts that my problem was not unique
A VoiceXML framework for reusable dialog components

VoiceXML or Voice extensible Markup Language, is a special markup language designed to facilitate the creation of speech application, especially interactive voice response (IVR) application. The VoiceXML Forum has submitted VoiceXML 1.0 to the W3C Voice Browser activity. As part of its activities, the W3C Voice Browser working group has identified reusable dialog components as an item worth studying and it published a set of associated requirements. We present two frameworks that satisfy the W3C reusable dialog component requirements while remaining compliant with the VoiceXML 1.0 specifications. One framework is client-centric, the other is server centric.
The three R's of roads: redesign, reconstruction, and restoration

All too often, unpaved forest access roads in the southern Appalachian Mountains were located near streams and rivers, thereby contributing storm flow and sediment to the aquatic e osystem. Landowners and managers may not have the resources to reconstruct and relocate allthese roads to protect water quality. However, simple t chniques for redesign of storm water drainage structures can provide low-cost alternatives where the forest floor can absorb and filter runoff from
Individual vocabulary differences and the development of the shape bias

Researchers have proposed that learning names of individual words and categories leads an individual child to develop a general word learning bias. However, evidence to date comes from studies of group means rather than individuals. The current study tests the prediction that the statistics of an individual child’s vocabulary are closely related to that child’s development of word learning biases. We demonstrate that individual differences in vocabulary structure predict individual differences in novel noun generalization.
D2-3: Development of a Provider-level Patient Centered Medical Home Questionnaire for Measuring Implementation and Impact

Background/Aims The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is widely supported as a means to coordinate care in the primary care environment, but relatively little is known about how variation in implementation of a PCMH model influences the success and sustainability. Many survey instruments developed to date for assessing PCMH are aimed at the healthcare system design as a whole or at patient experience, but not at providers who may have varying attitudes and perspectives on the role of PCMH and unique insights into practical implementation issues. Our goal was to develop questionnaires aimed at primary care physicians (PCPs) and nurse case managers (CMs) to assess variation in perception and implementation of PCMH.
Enabling Micro-level Demand-Side Grid Flexiblity in Resource Constrained Environments

The increased penetration of uncertain and variable renewable energy presents various resource and operational electric grid challenges 1 . Micro-level (household and small commercial) demand-side grid flexibility could be a cost-effective strategy to integrate high penetrations of wind and solar energy, but literature and field deployments exploring the necessary information and communication technologies (ICTs) are scant. This paper presents an exploratory framework for enabling information driven grid flexibility through the Internet of Things (IoT), and a proof-of-concept wireless sensor gateway (FlexBox) to collect the necessary parameters for adequately monitoring and actuating the micro-level demand-side. In the summer of 2015, thirty sensor gateways were deployed in the city of Managua (Nicaragua) to develop a baseline for a near future small-scale demand response pilot implementation. FlexBox field data has begun shedding light on relationships between ambient temperature and load energy consumption, load and building envelope energy efficiency challenges, latency communication network challenges, and opportunities to engage existing demand-side user behavioral patterns. Information driven grid flexibility strategies present great opportunity to develop new technologies, system architectures, and implementation approaches that can easily scale across regions, incomes, and levels of development.
Influence Laws of Overhead Aluminium Stranded Conductor Steel-reinforced Parameters on the Electric Field on the Conductor Surface

The maximal electric field on the conductor surface is closely related to the electromagnetic environment level of HVDC transmission lines. Studying the influence laws of overhead stranded conductor parameters on the electric field on the conductor surface is beneficial to engineering design and environment protection. Consequently,we put forward a computation method for the electric field on the stranded conductor surface,and verified the validity of this method by using the voltage and tangential electric field component on the stranded conductor surface. The computation results obtained with this method are shown as follows. The electric field at the most prominent top of the outer aluminium wire of stranded conductor is larger. The maximal electric field on the single stranded conductor surface is about 1.4 times that at the surface of smooth conductor with the same outer diameter,and the change of the outer diameter of stranded conductor can hardly affect variation laws of the electric field on the stranded conductor surface. For stranded conductor bundle,the variation law of the maximal electric field on each subconductor surface accord with that on the single stranded conductor surface.
MO-AB-BRA-05: [18F]NaF PET/CT Imaging Biomarkers in Metastatic Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Clinical use of 18F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF) PET/CT in metastatic settings often lacks technology to quantitatively measure full disease dynamics due to high tumor burden. This study assesses radiomics-based extraction of NaF PET/CT measures, including global metrics of overall burden and local metrics of disease heterogeneity, in metastatic prostate cancer for correlation to clinical outcomes. Methods: Fifty-six metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) patients had NaF PET/CT scans performed at baseline and three cycles into chemotherapy (N=16) or androgen-receptor (AR) inhibitors (N=39). A novel technology, Quantitative Total Bone Imaging (QTBI), was used for analysis. Employing hybrid PET/CT segmentation and articulated skeletal-registration, QTBI allows for response assessment of individual lesions. Various SUV metrics were extracted from each lesion (iSUV). Global metrics were extracted from composite lesion-level statistics for each patient (pSUV). Proportion of detected lesions and those with significant response (%-increase or %-decrease) was calculated for each patient based on test-retest limits for iSUV metrics. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted between imaging metrics and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Functional burden (pSUVtotal) assessed mid-treatment was the strongest univariate predictor of PFS (HR=2.03; p<0.0001). Various global metrics outperformed baseline clinical markers, including fraction of skeletal burden, mean uptake (pSUVmean), and heterogeneity of average lesion uptake (pSUVhetero). Of 43 patients with paired baseline/mid-treatment imaging, 40 showed heterogeneity in lesion-level response, containing populations of lesions with both increasing/decreasing metrics. Proportion of lesions with significantly increasing iSUVmean was highly predictive of clinical PFS (HR=2.0; p=0.0002). Patients exhibiting higher proportion of lesions with decreasing iSUVtotal saw prolonged radiographic PFS (HR=0.51; p=0.02). Conclusion: Technology presented here provides comprehensive disease quantification on NaF PET/CT imaging, showing strong correlation to clinical outcomes. Total functional burden as well as proportions of similarly responding lesions was predictive of PFS. This supports ongoing development of NaF PET/CT based imaging biomarkers in mCRPC. Prostate Cancer Foundation
Reflective fabric improves intra-canopy light levels and increases yield in a low-density, mature 'd'Anjou' pear orchard

Reflective fabric was installed spring 2009 in a mature, low-density ‘d’Anjou’ pear orchard (269 trees ha-1) to investigate its influence on canopy light environment, fruit size, yield and postharvest fruit quality. Four treatments were studied: 1) no Fabric (NF), 2) fabric applied prior to full bloom (FB) and removed 75 days after full bloom (DAFB) (F-75), 3) full-season fabric applied prior to FB and removed at harvest (F-FS), and 4) shade, 60% shade-cloth applied 60 DAFB through harvest. Weekly fruit growth rate and average fruit size at harvest were not affected by fabric treatments. Shaded fruit were markedly smaller. Total tree yield was significantly greater for fabric treatments relative to the control (c.a., 20%), but not significantly different between fabric treatments, indicating that increased tree yields were due to an increase in fruit number, occurring between FB and 75 DAFB. Higher yields were observed for fabric treatments in the lower exterior, mid and interior canopy. Photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) was increased under fabric by 25, 90 and 30% in the exterior, mid and interior zones of the canopy, respectively. Measurement of reflected PAR from fabric was approximately15% of the total light incident on the canopy exterior, as opposed to approximately 2% over the grassed alleyways of NF. At harvest, firmness of exterior-canopy fruit was 64.7, 64.4 and 67.2 N for F-FS, shade and NF fruit, respectively, indicating advanced maturity of F-FS and shade fruit relative to NF. Fruit quality attributes (firmness, soluble solids (SS), total acids and extractable juice) were analyzed at 2, 4 and 5 months of regular atmosphere storage (-1°C), following a 7-day, 20°C ripening period. Slightly greater levels of SS were observed in FS fruit. Shade treatment fruit were significantly less firm and had lower sugar content.