cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Grandmothers in the archive: three digital collections of women's writing

The Orlando Project: Women's Writing in the British Isles from the Beginnings to the Present, which includes searchable entries on over a thousand writers from the medieval era to the present day; A Celebration of Women Writers, which provides full texts by female authors across many time periods, along with relevant links; and Women Writers Online, which features transcriptions of texts published between 1526 and 1850.2 1 ask not only what opportunities for research these archives create, but also how such opportunities may shape feminist thought and work by bringing broad and complex female literary communities to light, helping scholars balance formal and historical methodologies, and providing a new perspective on the gendering of genre. Because books and courses focused solely on female authors are the exception rather than the rule, the same names and titles often crop up time and again in print resources that are dedicated to the work of women. [...]they may want to decide whether their main purpose is to write women into mainstream literary history - by including more male authors alongside female ones, for example - or to propose a separate canon.
New York Film Festival 2000

New York Film Festival 2000 offered a selected group of internationally and aesthetically diverse films. No trend emerged in the heterogeneous collection of offerings. The spectrum of offerings included both commercially viable and art house genres: the musical, the slice of life, the bio-pic, the meditation on history, the melodrama, the historical/political film, and the classics-on-film tour de force. Herewith a report on eight highlights of NYFF\'s program: seven beauties and a funeral, though not in that order.
Adherence to the United States Preventative Services Task Force Female Screening Guidelines: An Internal Medicine Residency Program Experience.

Background Various guidelines exist for female preventative screening tests and medical resident physician adherence to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines varies. National screening rates for breast cancer and osteoporosis have improved but they are still below the expected target. Material and methods Ambulatory medical clinic records of female patients from the period July 2015 to December 2017 were reviewed for breast cancer and osteoporosis screening. Resident performance and commitment with regards to ordering the aforementioned screening tests according to the USPSTF guidelines were compared to the most recent national screening rates for mammograms and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Results Of the 1327 charts reviewed, 1025 was included in the study. Of the 545 mammograms performed, 93% of them were indicated according to the USPSTF guidelines (P < 0.0001, 95% CI: 125.9-342.0). A total of 480 mammograms were not ordered, of which 6% were indicated and 93.9% were not indicated. Out of a total of 107 DXA scans performed, 88.7% were correctly indicated (P < 0.0001, 95% CI: 37.11-132.9). Conclusion Resident physician adherence to the USPSTF screening guidelines for breast cancer and DXA scans were higher than the national and state screening rates. Our well-structured educational project (strong faculty mentorship, resident to patient continuity of care and the reasonable resident-clinic load) resulted in higher screening rates.
A Scalable Parallel Framework for Multicellular Communication in Bacterial Quorum Sensing

Certain species of bacteria are capable of communicating through a mechanism called Quorum Sensing (QS) wherein they release and sense signaling molecules, called autoinducers, to and from the environment. Despite stochastic fluctuations, bacteria gradually achieve coordinated gene expression through QS, which in turn, help them better adapt to environmental adversities. Existing sequential approaches for modeling information exchange via QS for large cell populations are time and computational resource intensive, because the advancement in simulation time becomes significantly slower with the increase in molecular concentration. This paper presents a scalable parallel framework for modeling multicellular communication. Simulations show that our framework accurately models the molecular concentration dynamics of QS system, yielding better speed-up and CPU utilization than the existing sequential model that uses the exact Gillespie algorithm. We also discuss how our framework accommodates evolving population due to cell birth, death and heterogeneity due to noise. Furthermore, we analyze the performance of our framework vis-a-vis the effects of its data sampling interval and Gillespie computation time. Finally, we validate the scalability of the proposed framework by modeling population size up to 2000 bacterial cells.
Evaluation of a Crisis Intervention Team Pilot Program: Results from Baltimore, MD

The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program was developed as a resource on which police officers could rely when responding to behavioral health calls for service. Baltimore Police Department (BPD) piloted the CIT program in its Central District to address concerns regarding officer attitudes toward and treatment of persons experiencing behavioral health crises. This study used mixed methods to evaluate the effect of the CIT pilot on BPD officer attitudes regarding persons with mental illness and confidence managing behavioral health calls for service. Officer surveys and small group analyses found that Central District officers were more confident handling behavioral health calls for service than Eastern District officers post-pilot. More officers in the pilot district felt better prepared for behavioral health calls for service post-pilot than officers in the control district. Results indicate the CIT program is effective at improving officer confidence and attitude towards responding to behavioral health calls for service.
Sequential Synthesis of Supervisory Policies for Discrete-Event Systems Modeled by Petri Nets

It is often of interest to synthesize a supervisory policy for enforcing complex properties on the behaviour of a Discrete-Event System (DES). One way of doing this is by decomposing complex properties into simpler objectives and then synthesizing supervisors for those simpler objectives in a sequential manner. This approach is particularly convenient if the supervised-system can be represented using the same modeling framework at each stage of this sequential process. An additional desirable feature could be that the supervisory policy remain the same even if the initial-state of the DES were to change. In this paper, we consider Petri Net (PN) models of Discrete - Event Systems (DES) under a supervisory policy that enforces a desired-property $B$. We prove that the supervised-system can be modeled as a PN if and only if the supervisory policy is a marking-monotone-B-enforcing supervisory policy (MM-BESP) over reachable markings. In the second half of the paper we describe a software tool for the synthesis of MM-BESPs, where the desired-property $B$ is the PN-property of liveness, for arbitrary Petri Nets. We end the paper with an example that illustrates both the contributions.
Ideological Health Spirals: An Integrated Political and Health Communication Approach to COVID Interventions

As evidence mounts regarding Americans’ politically polarized responses to COVID-19, researchers need a comprehensive explanatory model to account for how and why political dynamics operate in the context of health behaviors. By conceptualizing interpersonal discussion and media selection behaviors as outcomes of identity-driven motivations shaped by political and psychological variables, the ideological health spirals model (IHSM) remedies a gap in current empirical analyses of COVID-related behaviors. The model explains how media fragmentation, political polarization, and social sorting reinforce communication discrepancies that create gaps in attitudinal, normative, and efficacy-related beliefs, which then inform health behaviors. This process is cyclical; the beliefs that result from this identity-motivated process support the same identity-driven motivations that again encourage interpersonal network and media selection behaviors. The hope is that health communication scholars and public health experts can use the IHSM to (a) identify the groups least likely to receive or act on the most beneficial health messages and (b) determine the most effective expert-informed regulations, recommendations, and communication strategies to disrupt dysfunctional spirals.
Spirituality, Quality of Life, and End of Life Among Indigenous Peoples: A Scoping Review.

Introduction:While spirituality and quality of life (QOL) are essential components of end-of-life (EOL) care, limited studies have examined these constructs for indigenous peoples. Therefore, the p...
The Case for Cross-Component Power Coordination on Power Bounded Systems

Modern computer systems are increasingly bounded by the available or permissible power at multiple layers from components to systems. To cope with this reality, it is necessary to understand how power bounds impact the design and performance of emergent computer systems. Prior work mainly focuses on power capping and budgeting on individual components without coordinating them to achieve the best possible performance. In this article, we study the problem of power bounded computing and power allocation across computer components on CPU and GPU-accelerated systems. We investigate the dynamics between cross-component power allocation and generalize the performance impacts, and propose lightweight heuristics to maximize performance. We draw multiple insights: (1) for a given application and power bound, there exists a maximum achievable performance which requires coordinated power allocation among components for balanced computation and memory access; (2) the max performance increases with the total power bound but only in a definite range specific to applications; (3) the dynamics of power allocations has categorical patterns with regard to performance trends and actual power use; and (4) the categorical patterns can be leveraged to design coordinated power allocations. These findings suggest the promises of cross-component coordination in forthcoming power bounded high performance computing.
A Higher Order Manifold-Valued Convolutional Neural Network with Applications to Diffusion MRI Processing.

In this paper, we present a novel generalization of the Volterra Series, which can be viewed as a higher-order convolution, to manifold-valued functions. A special case of the manifold-valued Volterra Series (MVVS) gives us a natural extension of the ordinary convolution to manifold-valued functions that we call, the manifold-valued convolution (MVC). We prove that these generalizations preserve the equivariance properties of the Euclidean Volterra Series and the traditional convolution operator. We present novel deep network architectures using the MVVS and the MVC operations which are then validated via two experiments. These include, (i) movement disorder classification from diffusion magnetic resonance images (dMRI), and (ii) fiber orientation distribution function (fODF) reconstruction from compressed sensed dMRIs. In both the experiments, MVVS and MVC networks outperform the state-of-the-art.
Ute reference grammar

Ute is a Uto-Aztecan language of the northernmost (Numic) branch, currently spoken on three reservations in western Colorado and eastern Utah. Like many other native languages of Northern America, Ute is severely endangered. This book is part of the effort toward its preservation. Typologically, Ute offers a cluster of intriguing features, best viewed from the perspective of diachronic change and grammaticalization. The book presents a comprehensive synchronic description of grammatical structures and their communicative functions, as well as a diachronic account of a grammar in the midst of change. The book is the first of a 3-volume series which also includes a collection of oral texts and a dictionary. Ute speakers and tribal members may find in the present volume a step-by-step description of how words are combined into meaningful communication. Linguists may find a detailed account of one language, an account that is unabashedly informed by universals of grammar, communication and change.
Sleepless Patient: Circadian Rhythm Sleep–Wake Disorders

Multiple factors, including genetics, behavior, environment and specific sleep disorders can contribute to sleeplessness and excessive sleepiness in patients. Thus, it is essential to inquire about sleep habits, sleep and work environments, medications, medical comorbidities, and specific sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and disorders of the circadian system. Disturbance in circadian timing can have profound effects on the quality and quantity of sleep across the 24 h day. This chapter will focus on approach to the diagnosis and management of circadian rhythm sleep–wake disorders.
Post-translational control of de novo cell wall formation during Blastocladiella emersonii zoospore germination: feedback regulation of hexosamine biosynthesis.

Abstract The Blastocladiella emersonii zoospore does not contain sufficient total hexosamine to account for the chitin content of the cell wall formed during germination. It is not deficient in the enzymes needed to synthesize chitin from fructose-6-phosphate and glutamine. The enzymes of hexosamine biosynthesis are located differently in the zoospore than chitin synthetase. Uridine-5′-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPGlcNAc), the end product of hexosamine synthesis and a substrate for chitin synthesis, reversibly inhibits the activity of only the first pathway-specific enzyme at concentrations below that estimated to exist in the zoospore. UDPGlcNAc combines with the enzyme-glutamine complex in direct competition with fructose-6-phosphate. Uridine nucleoside phosphates, produced through the utilization of UDPGlcNAc in chitin synthesis, directly compete with the inhibitory effects of UDPGlcNAc, while other nucleoside phosphates can enhance the inhibition due to UDPGlcNAc. The data are consistent with the simultaneous binding of UDPGlcNAc at two enzyme sites to inhibit catalysis — the substrate (fructose-6-phosphate) site and the uridine nucleoside phosphate site. The hexosamine pathway can be negatively regulated, as it is in the zoospore, by UDPGlcNAc and can be positively regulated, as it is during zoospore germination, by lowering UDPGlcNAc concentration and raising UDP + UTP concentrations. Other variations in these metabolites could regulate hexosamine biosynthesis during other phases of the B. emersonii life cycle.
Linear Forms in Finite Sets of Integers

Let A 1,..., A r be finite, nonempty sets of integers, and let h 1,..., h r be positive integers. The linear form h 1 A 1 +...+ h r A r is the set of all integers of the form b 1+...+b r , where b i is an integer that can be represented as the sum of h i elements of the set A,. In this paper, the structure of the linear form h 1 A 1+...+h r A r is completely determined for all sufficiently large integers h i .
Normal dispersion impact on OSNR in optical parametric frequency combs

We report on the improvement of OSNR in optical frequency combs generated by parametric mixing in optical fiber due to increasing normal dispersion and decreasing pulse width through numerical simulation and experimental validation.
Thermophysical Properties of YSZ and Ni-YSZ as a Function of Temperature and Porosity

The thermal diffusivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion adn elastic properties of Ni-YSZ and YSZ are reported in the temperature interval between 20C and 1000C. Specific heat capacity (Cp)and thermal diffusivity (a) were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and by the laser flash method, respectively, while thermal conductivity was calculated from its relationship with Cp, a and the density of the material. The coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were determined using a thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), while elastic properties (Young's and shear modulus), were determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS). The effect of temperature and porosity on the thermo-physical properties of Ni-YSZ and YSZ is discussed.
Triconnected decomposition for computing K-terminal network reliability

Let R(Gk) denote the probability that a subset of vertices K in the undirected graph G = (V, E) can communicate when the edge of G fail independently with known probabilities. Suppose that Gk contains as separting pair of vertices {u, v} such that Gk= Gk ∪ Ǧǩ, Ṽ ∩ V ={u v}, Ẽ ∩ E = o, |Ẽ| ⩾ 2, and |E| ⩾2. It is shown that Ĝk may be replaced by a chain χ of at most three edges between u and v such that R(Gk) = ΩR ((G ∪ χ)k′) where Ω is a derived constant and K′ is defined by the procedure. The failure probabilities of the edges in χ and the value of Ω are shown to be computable by evaluating the reliability of one of four variants of Ĝk. Minimal components Ĝk can be efficiently found using triconnected decomposition and the above procedure embedded within a recursive factoring algorithm for computing K-terminal reliability. Conditions are derived which guarantee the new algorithm is at least as good as a pure factoring algorithm, and an example shows that the new algorithm can be exponentially better.
Design and analysis of heuristic functions for static task distribution

Two static task-scheduling algorithms are introduced. The first algorithm, called heavy-node first (HNF), is very simple and is based on a local analysis of program graph nodes at each level. The second method, called Weighted Length (WL), considers a more global view of the program graph, taking into account the relationship among the nodes at different levels. The two schemes are compared against the classical critical-path method (CPM). For a given directed acyclic graph of n nodes representing a program, it is shown that HNF requires O(n log n) steps, while WL and CPM require O(n/sup 2/) steps to accomplish the allocation. The nontrivial worst-case performance of the three algorithms is analytically evaluated, and their average-case performance is evaluated through a simulation study. It is shown that the performance of the three algorithms is almost the same with respect to execution time and processor idle time. Therefore, taking into account the time complexity of the task distribution itself, it is concluded that a simple and fast heuristic algorithm such as HNF will achieve reasonable performance. >
Efficient face detection with multiscale sequential classification

The paper presents a sequential classification approach to improve the efficiency in visual object (face) detection. To reduce the computation while maintaining detection accuracy, a two-level hierarchy of sequential classification is proposed. At the top level, the overall detector is built on a cascade of classifiers at multiple resolution scales produced by a wavelet transform. Classifiers at low-resolution scales quickly rule out the regions likely to be background. Only object-like candidates are passed to subsequent high-resolution scales for more expensive tests. At the bottom level of the hierarchy, each classifier is implemented as a sequential Bayesian test using the features within the scale. The features are ranked adaptively according to their discrimination ability, which also leads to a quick decision. We demonstrate the scheme by an example of frontal view face detection.
Electromagnetic scattering from large rain drops versus melting hail

drops and melting hail is considered using the T-matrix method as well as the higher order method of moments in surface integral equation formulation. For the former method, smoothed conical shapes are used whereas for the latter method, an ice sphere surrounded by a water torus is considered. Results show much higher differential attenuation factor for hail particles, with the smallest hail showing similar values to the largest rain drops. This can explain very high differential attenuation reported in intense storms at C-band in some studies.
Obligatory role of MEK/ERK/RSK90 in the mitogenic responses of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

PAH is a high mortality disease with no medical cure resulting in increased PAP culminating in RV failure and premature death.The vasculopathy of PAH is characterized by medial hypertrophy coupled with obliterative intimal and plexiform lesions.Current therapies do not reverse the vasculopathy.There is a need to identify additional therapeutic targets.The vasculopathy of PAH is typified by increased rates of proliferation thus raising interest in identification of novel anti-proliferative therapeutic targets. Objective: To elucidate the role of MEK/ERK/RSK90 on mitogen-induced proliferation in human PASMC. Methods: PASMC were exposed to select mitogens such as ET-1, serotonin (5-HT) and PDGF for 24h and assessed for proliferative responses using the MTT assay.To assess the role of the MEK/ERK/RSK90 signaling pathway, cultures were preincubated with select MAP Kinase inhibitors including MAPK/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059), p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase(RSK90) inhibitor (SL-0101) and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK1) inhibitor (GSK2334470) vs vehicle. Results: Proliferative responses to ET-1, 5-HT and PDGF were dependent on the activity of MEK/ERK/RSK90 and PDK1.We observed an increase in proliferation ∼25% and when they were pharmacologically inhibited with MAP kinase inhibitors, there was also a significant decrease in mitogen-induced proliferation ∼50%. Conclusion: These data provide evidence of an obligatory role for the MEK/ERK/RSK90 signaling pathway in the proliferative responses of hPASMC and suggest that this pathway may be critical for pathologic remodeling in PAH and could represent a novel therapeutic target.
Thermal barriers and the fate of perched faunas

Thermal barriers provide an explanation for the geologically sudden extinction of benthic faunas of epeiric seas when these seas disappeared by contracting to the open ocean. Biotic interactions could not have caused the sudden extinctions, and neither could reduction of the regional area of seafloor because substantial areas of shallow seafloor remained along neighboring continental shelves when epeiric seas drained. Instead, temperature contrasts must have been responsible. Epeiric seas had strongly seasonal climates, and when some receded to continental margins, many of their species would have encountered waters that failed to provide the maximum or minimum temperature required for reproduction. When epeiric seas receded poleward, equatorward, or into Coriolis-driven currents, many species faced lethal temperatures. The history of the Jurassic Sundance Sea provides a striking example of the fate of a warm-adapted fauna driven westward into an area dominated by a cool, Coriolis-driven current.
A single amino acid distinguishes the high-responder from the low-responder form of Fc receptor II on human monocytes

The low-affinity Fc receptor on human peripheral blood monocytes (FcγRIIA) is polymorphic with respect to its ability to bind murine IgG1. The two allelic forms of the receptor, high responder (HR) and low responder (LR), yield characteristic patterns after isoelectric focusing and react differently with the anti-FcγRII monoclonal antibody (mAb), 41H16. We recently cloned cDNA encoding the extracellular domains of FcγRIIA on monocytes from one HR and two LR donors, and found that they differed at only a single base. The cDNA isolated from the HR donor had a G at position 519 and would be expected to encode an aginine at residue 133 in the mature protein, while the cDNA isolated from both LR donors had an A at position 519 and would be expected to encode a histidine at the same residue. To determine whether this single amino acid substitution actually accounts for the functional polymorphism involving FcγRIIA, we transfected COS cells with full-length HR and LR FcγRIIA cDNA, and examined them for their ability to react with anti-FcγRIIA mAb and to bind red blood cells (RBC) coated with either murine IgG2b or murine IgG1. Whereas COS cells transfected with either the HR cDNA or the LR cDNA reacted with the anti-FcγRII mAb, IV.3, and bound murine IgG2b-coated RBC, only COS cells transfected with the HR cDNA formed rosettes with murine IgG1-coated RBC and reacted strongly with mAb 41H16. A total of nine LR donors were identified, and all were homozygous for the A substitution at position 519. We conclude that at an A at position 519 in the cDNA encoding FcγRIIA is the primary molecular basis for the LR form of the receptor, and that the amino acid at residue 133 determines whether FcγRIIA efficiently binds murine IgG1.
Oil spill detection: imaging system modeling and advanced image processing using optimized SDC algorithm

Oil spill on the sea surface might happen without any previous caution and is seen relatively often. Efficient and effective oil spill monitoring and detection can reduce response time, minimize remediation costs and limit dangerous impacts to the environment. An innovative satellite-based oil pollution detection framework is demonstrated in this paper, including satellite imaging system modeling—communication link configuration, noise model for image transmission and preprocessing. Finally, an optimized sequential detection of change-based image object detection algorithm is proposed to detect oil spill on the ocean surface from the enhanced remote sensing data. Moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer images of the Gulf of Mexico accident from NASA between May and June 2010 are adopted for testing in our framework. The results of this research show that the proposed algorithms can effectively distinguish the spill covering vast areas of the marine environment even with severe additive noise and have good separation properties against complex signatures, such as the vicinity to the irregular coast or foggy and cloudy weather conditions.
Gene expression profile of human cells irradiated in G1 and G2 phases of cell cycle.

The response of cells to ionizing radiation has long been known to result in alterations in gene expression. Here we examined the expression patterns of synchronized HeLa cells in G1 or G2, after exposure to 2 Gy of X-rays on microarrays allowing evaluation of over 12,000 human genes. The analysis showed induction of at least twofold for 257 different genes, after irradiation of cells in G1 and down-regulation of 42. The altered transcription patterns involved genes belonging to cell cycle pathways, DNA repair, oncogenes, histones, heat shock genes, mitochondrial and ribosomal proteins, transcription and translational regulators and genes encoding cytoskeleton components. HeLa cells are deficient in p53 and none of the induced genes have previously been identified as regulated by p53. One hundred and seventy-seven genes were up-regulated and 26 genes were down-regulated after irradiation in G2. Surprisingly most of the up-regulated genes in both phases of the cell cycle encode ribosomal proteins. These studies have revealed cell cycle dependence on radiation-induced gene induction and have permitted the identification of previously known as well as unknown genes associated with radiation-induced altered expression.
Formation of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Unsymmetrical Terdentate Ligands.

Three unsymmetrical terdentate ligands, 2-(2‘-quinolyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (4), 2-(1‘-isoquinolyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (5), and 3,3‘-dimethylene-2-(2‘-quinolyl)-1,10-phenanthroline (6), have been prepared by application of the Friedlander condensation. Ligand 4 forms predominantly a pentaaza-coordinated (N5) complex with Ru(II), [Ru(4-N,N‘,N‘‘)(4-N,N‘)Cl](PF6), whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis (C42H26ClF6N6PRu: monoclinic, C2/c, a = 29.308(3) A, b = 15.205(2) A, c = 19.505(2) A, β = 107.312(8)°, V = 8298(1) A3, Z = 8). Ligand 5 forms predominantly a hexaaza-coordinated (N6) complex, [Ru(5-N,N‘,N‘‘)2](PF6)2. The bridged species 6 shows intermediate behavior, and the rate for interconversion of the N5 to N6 complex has been measured. The stereochemical features of these two binding modes are examined, and both π-stacking and steric effects are invoked to explain the observed behavior, leading to the proposal of a backside displacement mechanism for their interconversion.
Mutual-Help Groups for People With Co-Occurring Disorders

This article gives an overview of the development of mutual-help groups for addictive disorders, mental health disorders, and co-occurring disorders. It highlights the history and current status of each type of group, discusses some alternatives to 12-step programs, and describes current challenges and dilemmas. It reports on the limited research on groups for co-occurring disorders and highlights the research in the other areas. It also reviews some of the interventions designed to facilitate the use of mutual-help groups, including groups for individuals with severe mental illness.
The Impact of International Outsourcing on U.S. Workers’ Wages: Rethinking the Role of Innovation

The purpose of this paper is to extend Feenstra and Hanson’s (1999) analysis of the impact of international outsourcing on wages by considering quality ladders and product cycles theory. Glass and Saggi (2001) found that international outsourcing induces greater incentives for innovation. Hsu (2011) employed a dynamic general equilibrium model to illustrate that outsourcing may affect skilled workers who conduct research and development (R&D) differently from the way it influences skilled workers in manufacturing departments. This paper employs U.S. manufacturing data and finds that international outsourcing increased the wage of skilled workers who conducted R&D in both the 1970s and the 1980s. Outsourcing and expenditure on R&D also increased the relative wages of white-collar workers who are skilled labor but not related to R&D works in the 1980s. The wages of white-collar labor were not increased by international outsourcing in the 1970s.
On converging paths? The visegrad group and the Atlantic alliance

(1993). On converging paths? The visegrad group and the Atlantic alliance. Paradigms: Vol. 7, The Trans Atlantic Relationship, pp. 78-93.
Wear and conformity in total knee replacement

Abstract The wear on the plastic components of removed condylar replacement total knee prostheses and on total hip prostheses was studied using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and surface profilometry. The wear phenomena observed were smearing and stretching of the surface, cracking, “roll” formation, pitting and three-body abrasion. The type of wear apparently depended upon the stresses and the conformity between the two joint components. With high conformity there was a greater tendency for smearing and stretching, with cracking in highly stressed areas. With low conformity, e.g. with the condylar knees employing fairly flat tibial plateaux, cracking and pitting were the most common features. In medium conformity situations, roll formation and general surface disruption, with some cracking, were observed. The three-body abrasion, characterized by numerous shreds of plastic on the surface, was sometimes associated with entrapped particles of methyl methacrylate cement. Fluctuating load and motion were considered to be fundamental to the formation of the various surface phenomena. The phenomena were more or less reproduced in experiments using a special purpose test machine. The specimens were polished metal cylinders in a hemi-cylindrical plastic trough, the conformity being varied in different tests. The motion was cyclic to and fro, and the load was cyclic off and on. On the basis of these experiments and from studies of removed prostheses, conclusions about the type of wear occurring and the likelihood of severe wear were correlated with the design of the bearing (conformity) and the service conditions (stress).
Effect of patient position on clinical evaluation of pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective: To compare the severity of pelvic organ prolapse between examinations performed in dorsal lithotomy position and examinations performed upright in a birthing chair using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POPQ). Methods: One hundred eighty-nine consecutive women were evaluated between April 1997 and September 1998. All women were examined in the dorsal lithotomy position and in a birthing chair at a 45° angle. Degree of pelvic organ prolapse was assessed using the POPQ. Results: When examined upright, 133 patients (70%) had the same stage of prolapse, whereas 49 (26%) had a higher stage and seven (4%) had a lower stage. Of patients who were stage 0 or I when examined in lithotomy position, 23 (36%) were stage II or greater when examined upright. Similarly, of patients who were stage II in lithotomy, 17 (23%) were stage III or higher when examined upright. There was a statistically significant increase in the degree of prolapse at all the POPQ measurements (P < .05 for each point), except for measurement of total vaginal length. Forty-eight percent of patients had at least one measurement increase by 2 cm or more when examined upright. Logistic regression identified no patient characteristics that were independently associated with a significant increase in stage or POPQ values with change in examination position. Conclusion: The degree of pelvic organ prolapse assessed with the patient in the lithotomy position correlates well with assessment performed upright; however, overall there is a higher degree of prolapse with upright examination.
‘But I'm not like that’: young men's navigation of normative masculinities in a marginalised urban community in Paraguay

Young men often define themselves and their masculine identity through romantic and sexual relationships, and their resulting sexual decisions can affect their successful transition into adulthood, as well as STI, HIV and pregnancy rates. This paper looks at how young Paraguayan men's peer groups, family and masculine identity formation influence their behaviours in sexual and romantic relationships. In Asuncion, Paraguay, we conducted five focus-group discussions (FGDs) examining neighbourhood norms in 2010, with male peer groups ranging in age from 14 to 19 years. We then interviewed half the members from each peer group to examine their relationships with friends, family and young women and their beliefs about existing gender norms. Young men described two types of masculine norms, ‘partner/provider’ and macho, and two types of romantic relationships, ‘casual’ and ‘formal’. The language used to describe each spectrum of behaviours was often concordant and highlights the connection between masculine nor...
Hermetically sealed components for industrial control

Today many different types of components are available in hermetically sealed units. These, though initially expensive, may prove worthy, because components last longer, maintenance is easier, and the parts are relatively tamperproof.
Basic assumptions for the teaching of behavioural science in medical schools.

Abstract Some basic assumptions are postulated on the evolution and teaching of the social and behavioural sciences in medical education. These assumptions are discussed in terms of the scientific and educational imbalance of human biology, medical education and patient care. Finally, an attempt is made to set the stage for several papers which follow.
IDH mutations in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous group of diseases. Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes represent a novel class of point mutations in acute myeloid leukemia. These mutations prevent oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate and confer novel enzymatic activity, facilitating the reduction of α-ketoglutarate to d-2-hydroxyglutarate, a putative oncometabolite. IDH1/IDH2 mutations are heterozygous, and their combined frequency is approximately 17% in unselected acute myeloid leukemia cases, 27% in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia cases, and up to 67% in acute myeloid leukemia cases with cuplike nuclei. These mutations are largely mutually exclusive. Despite many similarities of IDH1 and IDH2 mutations, it is possible that they represent distinct molecular or clinical subgroups of acute myeloid leukemia. All known mutations involve arginine (R), in codon 132 of IDH1 or codon 140 or 172 of IDH2. IDH1(R132) and IDH2(R140) mutations are frequently accompanied by normal cytogenetics and NPM1 mutation, whereas IDH2(R172) is frequently the only mutation detected in acute myeloid leukemia. There is increasing evidence that the prognostic impact of IDH1/2 mutations varies according to the specific mutation and also depends on the context of concurrent mutations of other genes. IDH1(R132) mutation may predict poor outcome in a subset of patients with molecular low-risk acute myeloid leukemia, whereas IDH2(R172) mutations confer a poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Expression of IDH1/2 mutants induces an increase in global DNA hypermethylation and inhibits TET2-induced cytosine 5-hydroxymethylation, DNA demethylation. These data suggest that IDH1/2 mutations constitute a distinct mutational class in acute myeloid leukemia, which affects the epigenetic state, an important consideration for the development of therapeutic agents.
Is the Coriolis Force Really Responsible for the Inertial Oscillation

Abstract It is demonstrated that the inertial oscillation is not produced exclusively by “inertial forces”, and that the inertial oscillation appears as oscillatory motion even when viewed from a nonrotating frame of reference. The component of true gravity parallel to the geopotential surfaces plays a central role in forcing the inertial oscillation, and in particular it is the only force driving the oscillation in the nonrotating reference frame.
Business Continuity Planning: A Comprehensive Approach

The risks of business interruption expand as companies become more dependent on information technology (IT) infrastructure. A comprehensive approach to business continuity planning seeks to mitigate against all major business interruptions of business systems. This article analyzes recent national and international surveys to develop insights about the current status of business continuity plans, including perceptions about internal and external information security threats.
Examining the relationship among student perception of support, course satisfaction, and learning outcomes in online learning

Abstract Support for student learning is a key element in optimizing student learning experiences in any learning environment and its importance has been widely discussed. This study looked at student support, particularly in the course context, focusing mainly on guidance provided to students within a course. Three categories of support were identified and used for the purpose of this study: instructional, peer, and technical support. A total of 110 students completed an online survey on students' perceptions of support and course satisfaction in an undergraduate online course at a large southeastern university. The results showed perceived support was significantly related to their overall satisfaction of the online course. The findings of this study suggest that teachers should communicate what types of support are available to students and provide an easy way of accessing and taking advantage of the support.
Monitoring cations to predict and improve activated sludge settling and dewatering properties of industrial wastewaters

Laboratory and field tests were conducted on activated sludge from an industrial wastewater treatment plant in order to monitor the settling and dewatering properties and to assess the impact cations may have on these properties. The influent to the wastewater treatment plant contained a high concentration of sodium ions and a low concentration of divalent cations. The sludge exhibited poor settling and dewatering properties. Initial laboratory results indicated an improvement in settling and dewatering properties through the addition of calcium and magnesium. After addition of magnesium during field trials, floc density and settling properties improved considerably. In addition, residual ammonium ions in the mixed liquor appeared to interact with the activated sludge flocs to influence their dewatering properties. It was observed that an increase in ammonium ion in the soluble sludge fraction was related to deterioration in the dewatering properties. During these trials, the ammonium ions demonstrated a greater influence on dewatering properties than did the magnesium ions. The tests conducted at the treatment plant revealed that complex interactions between cations and sludge influenced the settling and dewatering properties in a manner that depended on ratios and concentrations of monovalent and divalent cations in the activated sludge feed and solution.
Water-Soluble Copolymers. XIX. Copolymers of Acrylamide with Sodium 3-(N-Propyl)acrylamido-3-Methylbutanoate: Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract The copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) with sodium 3-(N-propyl)acrylamido-3-methlbutanoate (NaPAMB) has been studied in the range from 40 to 90% AM in the feed. The copolymer compositions have been determined from elemental analysis and 13C NMR. Reactivity ratio studies have been performed, and the value of r1r2 determined to be 0.36. The molecular weights, as determined by low-angle laser light scattering of the copolymers, were found to decrease sharply with increasing NaPAMB content, and were in the range 0.5–7.0 × 106. The copolymer microstructures, including mean sequence length distributions, were calculated from the reactivity ratios. Knowledge of polymer composition, micro-structure, and molecular weight is utilized for assessment of structure/dilute solution property relationships reported in a subsequent paper in this series.
Revisiting serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the therapeutic potential of "uptake-2" in psychiatric disorders.

Depression is among the most common psychiatric disorders, and in many patients a disorder for which available medications provide suboptimal or no symptom relief. The most commonly prescribed class of antidepressants, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are thought to act by increasing extracellular serotonin in brain by blocking its uptake via the high-affinity serotonin transporter (SERT). However, the relative lack of therapeutic efficacy of SSRIs has brought into question the utility of increasing extracellular serotonin for the treatment of depression. In this Viewpoint, we discuss why increasing extracellular serotonin should not be written off as a therapeutic strategy. We describe how “uptake-2” transporters may explain the relative lack of therapeutic efficacy of SSRIs, as well as why “uptake-2” transporters might be useful therapeutic targets.
Une Grande Politique, or the New Philosophy of Right?

This article examines the transformation of the concept of ‘natural right’ in the philosophies of Gilles Deleuze and Michel Foucault, contrasted with Jacques Derrida's ‘deconstruction’ of the discourse of rights, which is more concerned with the limitations of traditional philosophical discourse than with the creation of a new philosophy of right.
Impact of gyroscope operation above the critical bifurcation threshold on scale factor and bias instability

This paper investigates the impact of operating a vibratory rate gyro (VRG) at large oscillation amplitude where the VRG's driven axis behaves like a nonlinear oscillator, described by the Duffing equation. Although open-loop resonators operating above a critical amplitude exhibit catastrophic jump instabilities, we demonstrate that through closed-loop operation, the drive axis can be stably operated at an amplitude above this threshold without impacting drive-axis stability or bias instability, resulting in decreased Angle Random Walk (ARW).
Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries.

There are three known isoforms of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) in the rat: TR alpha-1, TR beta-1, and TR beta-2. The TR alpha-1 and TR beta-1 mRNAs are found in many tissues, whereas TR beta-2 mRNA is detected only in the pituitary gland. Thus far, TR alpha-1 and TR beta-1 mRNAs have been found in humans and are highly homologous to their counterparts in rats; however, TR beta-2 mRNA has not yet been demonstrated in humans. To examine the expression of these TRs at the protein level, we have raised isoform-specific polyclonal antibodies in female New Zealand White rabbits against the rat TRs and c-erbA alpha-2, a carboxy-terminal variant of TR alpha-1 that does not bind thyroid hormone. The rabbits were immunized with synthetic peptides that contained the following amino acid sequences: TR alpha-common-(10-31), c-erbA alpha-2-(428-442), TR beta-1-(73-93), and TR beta-2-(86-101, 113-133). All immune sera could bind specifically to their respective immunizing peptides on enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass...
Angiogenic biomarkers for prediction of early preeclampsia onset in high-risk women

AbstractObjective: Chronic hypertension, pregestational diabetes mellitus, history of prior preeclampsia and obese nulliparity are maternal conditions associated with increased preeclampsia risk. Whether altered maternal angiogenic factor levels allow for prediction of pending disease is unclear. Our objective was to evaluate angiogenic factors for early preeclampsia prediction in high-risk women.Methods: Serial serum specimens were collected from 157 women at high preeclampsia risk and 50 low-risk controls between 23 and 36 weeks gestation in 3 windows (23–27.6, 28–31.6, and 32–35.6 weeks) in a two-center observational cohort. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1), placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble endoglin (sEng) were measured by ELISA.Results: Multivariate parsimonious logistic regression analyses using backward elimination for prediction of early-preeclampsia (diagnosed < 34 weeks) found the best-fitting model included the predictors (1) sFlt1 measured in the second window (28–31.6 weeks...
Transmission of video telephony images over wireless channels

In this paper, the effects of digital transmission errors on H.263 codecs are analyzed and the transmission of H.263 coded video over a TDMAradio link is investigated. The impact of channel coding and interleaving on video transmission quality is simulated for different channel conditions. Fading on radio channels causes significant transmission errors and H.263 coded bit streams are very vulnerable to errors. Powerful Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes are therefore necessary to protect the data so that it can be successfully transmitted at acceptable signal power levels. FEC, however, imposes a high bandwidth overhead. In order to make best use of the available channel bandwidth and to alleviate the overall impact of errors on the video sequence, a two-layer data partitioning and unequal error protection scheme based on H.263 is also studied. The scheme can tolerate more transmission errors and leads to more graceful degradation in quality when the channel SNR decreases. In lossy environments, it can improve the video transmission quality at no extra bandwidth cost.
Exergy conservation in parallel thermal insulation systems

Abstract This paper is a Second-Law study of thermal insulation systems consisting of two 1-dim. insulations in parallel. It is shown that the parallel-insulation model applies to power and refrigeration systems exposed to large absolute temperature ratios. The insulation design which conserves maximum exergy (available work) is determined for two classes of parallel-insulation systems: in one class, the two parallel insulations are cooled continuously by two streams, in the other class they are cooled partly (intermittently) by one stream of single-phase fluid. The study shows that, in contradiction to previously published results, the continuous-cooling method is thermodynamically superior to the partial-cooling method.