cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fusion approach to finding opinionated blogs

In this paper, we describe a fusion approach to finding opinionated blog postings. Our approach to opinion blog retrieval consisted of first applying traditional IR methods to retrieve on-topic blogs and then boosting the ranks of opinionated blogs based on combined opinion scores generated by multiple assessment methods. Our opinion module is composed of the Opinion Term Module, which identifies opinions based on the frequency of opinion terms (i.e., terms that occur frequently in opinion blogs), the Rare Term Module, which uses uncommon/rare terms (e.g., “sooo good”) for opinion classification, the IU Module, which uses IU (I and you) collocations, and the Adjective-Verb Module, which uses computational linguistics' distribution similarity approach to learn the subjective language from training data.
Hamiltonian circuits on 3-polytopes

Abstract The smallest number of vertices, edges, or faces of any 3-polytope with no Hamiltonian circuit is determined. Similar results are found for simplicial polytopes with no Hamiltonian circuit.
The Rotundity of the Earth

WE have seen the statement signed “Parallax,” at page 236 of No. 38 of NATURE, and shall be obliged if you will afford us an opportunity of briefly saying in reply, that when we tried the “flag experiment,” the person calling himself “Parallax” was not present.
Fourth triplet quarks for ψ

Abstract A phenomenological model is presented on the basis of experimental data on the ψ particles. A fourth triplet of quarks with no color are added to the Han-Nambu type quarks to form three 1 − states coupled to the one photon state.
Youth in health campaigns.

In Guatemala youth have participated in health campaigns designed to vaccinate large populations in a very short time to prevent cholera to provide significant quantities of vitamin A and to disseminate environmental sanitation messages to rural populations in specific target areas. The key to their successful participation is involvement of the education sector. In 1991 youth against cholera groups included students sport and agricultural clubs and other types of popular associations. They used amusing plays developed and written by youth and home visits to promote hygiene. In Honduras young people encouraged by their teachers visited homes to motivate family members to bring their children to be vaccinated. In those cases in which the adults could not bring the children to vaccination sites the youth volunteered to take the children to be vaccinated. In El Salvador youth led parades during the days before the vaccination weekend. They played in bands and carried placards and images of the vaccine-preventable illnesses. The parades mobilized the adults to take action. Persons responsible for designing and implementing health campaigns need to plan and determine appropriate action for youth. For example youth cannot vaccinate children but it would be appropriate for them to record names of vaccinated children. Integration of health campaigns into the educational curricula make the educational process relevant and memorable. Youth participation in health campaigns confers self-confidence and personal satisfaction. Energy and imagination are the most important contributions that youth bring to a health-related problem-solving process. Recognition by the highest officials of the Ministry of Health high quality and appropriate support or reference materials and a symbolic reward system are fundamental requisites for effective youth participation. Poor social communication and social mobilization sometimes characterize health campaigns resulting in a vertical process rather than a process of high social participation.
Are female red-winged blackbirds territorial?

Spacing behaviour of female red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) was observed to determine whether resident females within a herem divide their mate's territory into sub-territories. Some results accorded with defence of sub-territories: (1) females were more aggressive (towards decoys and mounts) close to their own nests than further away; and (2) there was little overlap in the use of space betwee residents on a male's territory. Other results did not accord with defence of sub-territories: (1) when the nest site was eliminated from the analysis, spatial overlaps were large; (2) areas defended through aggression by different females overlapped greatly; and (3) areas defended through advertisement by different females overlapped greatly. I conclude that the spacing behaviour of female red-winged blackbirds does not meet a strict difinition of territoriality.
Magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic limbic leukotomy for treatment of intractable psychiatric disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and complication rates of magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic limbic leukotomy for the treatment of intractable major depressive disorder (MDD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: We conducted preoperative evaluations and postoperative follow-up assessments of efficacy and complications for 21 patients who underwent limbic leukotomy. Efficacy was based on physician- and patientrated global assessments of functioning, as well as evaluations using disease-specific rating scales commonly used in studies of MDD and OCD. RESULTS: The mean time from limbic leukotomy to follow-up assessment was 26 months. On the basis of standard outcome measures, 36 to 50% of patients were considered to be treatment responders. Although permanent surgical morbidity was rare, there were reports of postoperative sequelae, including apathy, urinary incontinence, and memory complaints, which occurred in a substantial minority of cases. CONCLUSION: For this cohort of 21 patients with chronic severe MDD or OCD, who had experienced failure with an exhaustive array of previous treatments, limbic leukotomy was associated with substantial benefit for 36 to 50%. This rate is comparable to those of previous studies of limbic system surgery and indicates that limbic leukotomy is a feasible treatment option for severe, treatment-refractory MDD or OCD. Adverse consequences associated with the procedure included affective, cognitive, and visceromotor sequelae, which were generally transient. (Neurosurgery 50:1043–1052, 2002)
Stochastic reconstruction of anisotropic polarizabilities

By solving a linear stochastic equation, we demonstrate how probability density functions of scattered intensities and order statistics can be used for reconstructing the statistical properties of fluctuating anisotropic polarizabilities. Depending on the statistical relationship between the elements of the polarizability tensor, we show how task optimized measurements can be conducted to reduce the number of necessary measurements. This approach is directly applicable to polarimetric measurements with limited control over the experimental conditions.
Concerning the rearrangement of γ-haloester to γ-lactones and alkyl halides

Abstract Pyrolysis of cetyl γ-chlorobutyrate labeled with oxygen-18 in the carbonyl group gave γ-butyrolactone with all of the label in the ether oxygen of the lactone. This result shows that it is the carbonyl oxygen which participates in the ring formation.
NONPARAMETRIC LIKELIHOOD: EFFICIENCY AND ROBUSTNESS*

Nonparametric likelihood is a natural generalization of parametric likelihood and it offers effective methods for analysing economic models with nonparametric components. This is of great interest, since econometric theory rarely suggests a parametric form of the probability law of data. Being a nonparametric method, nonparametric likelihood is robust to misspecification. At the same time, it often achieves good properties that are analogous to those of parametric likelihood. This paper explores various applications of nonparametric likelihood, with some emphasis on the analysis of biased samples and data combination problems.
Comparative Water Quality of Lightly- and Moderately-Impacted Streams in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA

For less-developed regions like the Blue Ridge Mountains, data are limited that link basin-scale land use with stream quality. Two pairs of lightly-impacted (90-100% forested) and moderately-impacted (70-80% forested) sub-basins of the upper Little Tennessee River basin in the southern Blue Ridge were identified for comparison. The pairs contain physically similar stream reaches, chosen for the purpose of isolating forest conversion as a potential driver of any detected differences in water quality. Streams were sampled during baseflow conditions twice monthly over a six-month period from September 2003 through February 2004. Parametric t-tests were run for each parameter measured between the lightly-and moderately-impacted streams within each pair. Statistically significantly higher mean values of suspended and dissolved solids, nitrate, specific conductivity, turbidity, and temperature were observed in the moderately impacted streams versus the lightly impacted streams in both pairs, while dissolved oxygen levels were lower in the moderately-impacted streams. No significant differences were demonstrated in orthophosphate or ammonium concentration. A near-bankfull runoff event on February 6, 2004, was sampled for stormflow values, and the results support baseflow findings. The water quality of these streams is very good when compared with lower relief areas like the Piedmont, and none of the parameters measured in this study exceeds levels of known threat to stream biota. However, the demonstration that moderate reductions in forest cover are associated with stream water quality degradation carries important implications for stream management in this rapidly developing mountainous region.
MESSAGE COMPLEXITY AND ATTENTION TO TELEVISION

Three experiments investigated the processing costs of watching television messages. Processing costs were indexed with a secondary task reaction time measure in which subjects were asked to pay attention to commercial messages while responding with button presses to randomly occuring tones or flashes. Response time to the secondary tasks was used as a measure of attention to the primary task (watching the messages). Audio and video complexity of the messages were within-subject variables, and the channels presented to subjects (audio-only, video-only, or both) was a between-subjects variable. Results indicated that: (1) for a tone secondary task, multiple-channel presentations demanded more capacity than single-channel presentations (video or audio channel only); (2) more capacity was required to process simple video and auditory information than complex information; and (3) complexity of information in an absent channel (e.g., visual information in the audio-only condition) produced the same slowed reac...
Periodic cone cell twists in the walleye, Stizostedion vitreum; a new type of retinomotor activity.

Abstract Atypical retinomotor movements (RM) have been found in a localized area of the retina of the walleye, Stizostedion vitreum. The ellipsoid and outer segment of regions of twin cones in an oblong region of the central retina rotate, twisting about their axes at intervals throughout the 24 hr day. This twist results in a local, cyclic change of the cone mosaic, from the predominant row type to a square type. The cone cell myoids extend slightly, but the cone ellipsoids remain relatively close to the outer limiting membrane (OLM). Throughout the retina, rod cells exhibit ubiquitous extension and contraction of their myoid regions coincident with changes in illumination as is typical of fishes with duplex retinas. These retinomotor movements first appear around 6 weeks of age, and persist throughout growth, becoming more pronounced with maturity. Stizostedion vitreum is the first fish observed with this type of cone RM activity.
Women’s Attitudes, Preferences, and Perceived Barriers to Treatment for Perinatal Depression

ABSTRACT: Background: Perinatal depression is associated with potential negative consequences for the mother and infant, and therefore efforts to improve treatment access and efficacy are warranted. The purpose of this study was to examine pregnant women’s preferences and attitudes about treatment for depression, and perceived potential barriers to accessing treatment.Methods: Data were collected by means of a questionnaire from a convenience sample of 509 predominantly well-educated, high-income, married women in the northeastern United States during the last trimester of pregnancy. Participants were queried as to treatment modalities in which they would most likely participate if they wanted help for depression, their attitudes toward psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments, and perceived barriers to receiving help. Results: Most women (92%) indicated that would likely participate in individual therapy if help was needed. Only 35 percent stated that they would likely take medication if recommended, and 14 percent indicated that they would participate in group therapy. The greatest perceived potential barriers to treatment were lack of time (65%), stigma (43%), and childcare issues (33%). Most women indicated a preference to receive mental health care at the obstetrics clinic, either from their obstetrics practitioner or from a mental health practitioner located at the clinic. Factors associated with acceptability of various depression treatments are presented.Conclusions: Understanding what prevents women from seeking or obtaining help for depression and determining what they prefer in the way of treatment may lead to improved depression treatment rates and hold promise for improving the overall health of childbearing women. (BIRTH 36:1 March 2009)
Comparison of sensors and techniques for crop yield mapping

Abstract The implementation of site-specific crop management is dependent on the variations in yield and yield potential within a field. Crop yield maps are important for both the implementation and evaluation of site-specific crop management strategies. Management decisions and evaluations based on yield maps must take into consideration the accuracy and resolution of the maps. An impact-based yield monitor and a volumetric yield monitor were compared. The effect of different dynamic models of combine grain flow on the calculated instantaneous yields were investigated. Both simple time delay models and first order models could be used to model the grain flow. In general, a simple time delay model with minimal smoothing provided the best yield maps. Yield maps developed using different methods of Kriging and other mapping techniques were compared. The maps showed the same general trends. However, localized yield features were represented differently due to the methods used for developing the maps and the degree of smoothing.
The art of model development and testing

Mathematical and computer simulation modeling are often computationally demanding procedures, so much so that even certain parts of these procedures, such as parameter estimation, exceed the capacities and speed of the best modern computer facilities. A good deal of effort has therefore been dedicated to speeding up and making more efficient programs such as those that are meant to find a global minimum of a parameter space. Our experience, however, is that such well-explored technical procedures in fact represent some of the shortest components of the total set of procedures by which models are developed. In this article we discuss what elements take up the lion’s share of development time and speculate on what lessons can be drawn concerning the role of high-performance computing in such enterprises.
Compact Nuclei in Galaxies at Moderate Redshift

The purpose of this study is to understand the space density and properties of active galaxies to . We have invesz 0.8 tigated the frequency and nature of unresolved nuclei in galaxies at moderate redshift as indicators of nuclear activity such as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) or starbursts. Candidates are selected by fitting imaged galaxies with multicomponent models using maximum likelihood estimate techniques to determine the best model fit. We select those galaxies requiring an unresolved, point source component in the galaxy nucleus, in addition to a disk and/or bulge component, to adequately model the galaxy light. We have searched 70 WFPC2 images primarily from the Medium Deep Survey for galaxies containing compact nuclei. In our survey of 1033 galaxies, the fraction containing an unresolved nuclear component ≥3% of the total galaxy light is corrected for incompleteness. Most of the nuclei 16% 3% comprise less than 20% of the total galaxy light. The majority of the host galaxies are spirals with little or no bulge component having a distribution of Hubble types comparable to that for “dwarf” Seyfert nuclei in nearby galaxies (L. C. Ho, A. Fillipenko, & W. L. W. Sargent, ApJS, 112, 315 [1997]) and local starburst nuclei (V. Balzano, ApJ, 268, 602 [1983]). The colors of the nuclei are compared with synthetic colors V I for Seyferts and starburst nuclei to help differentiate between AGNs and starbursts in our sample. Spectroscopic redshifts have been obtained for 35 of our AGN/starburst candidates and photometric redshifts are estimated to an accuracy of for the remaining sample. j 0.1 z Figure 1 is the luminosity function for compact nuclei in our sample having colors consistent with those of Seyfert nuclei. This represents an upper limit LF for low-luminosity AGNs (LLAGNs) in two redshift bins to . We detect z 0.8 mild number density evolution of the form for 1.9 f ∝ (1 z) nuclei at . Our LF shows a smooth transition 18 M 14 B from the brighter Seyfert LF of J. Huchra and R. Burg (ApJ, 393, 90 [1992]) and flattens at . This flattening of M ≥ 16 B the LF at fainter magnitudes is inconsistent with models using pure luminosity or density evolution fitted to quasar LFs at similar redshifts. Based on the observed number density of compact nuclei in this study, we find that almost all presentday spiral galaxies may host an active LLAGN at some point in their lives.
The bioorganic chemistry of the nitroalkyl group

Abstract Nitroalkyl groups are conspicuously rare among pharmaceutical agents, and the bioactivity of substituted nitroalkanes has been described in few instances. This article examines the natural occurrence of such compounds and the reactions of nitroalkyl compounds with enzymes. The discussion is not limited to nitro hydrocarbons; the term “nitroalkyl” is intended to distinguish the compounds from nitroaromatic compounds, which are better known in pharmacology and involve different chemical considerations. Further study of the bioorganic chemistry of the nitroalkyl group may contribute to the understanding of biosynthetic strategies and enzymatic catalysis and may permit the rational design of useful bioactive molecules.
Comparative Advertising Wars: An Historical Analysis of Their Causes and Consequences

This historical study contributes to the extensive literature on comparative advertising by examining the causes and consequences of comparative advertising wars; that is, when one advertiser responds to a direct or implied attack by another advertiser. Primary and secondary sources consist of articles published in historic and contemporary marketing and advertising trade journals, such as Printers’ Ink, Advertising & Selling, and Advertising Age. The findings reveal that well-publicized advertising wars occurred frequently between major U.S. advertisers throughout the twentieth century and into the twenty-first, and that they most often occurred in product and service markets characterized by intense competition. Many, if not most, advertisers’ principal motive for responding to a comparative advertising attack has been emotional rather than rational. The findings also reveal that advertising wars often became increasingly hostile, leading to negative consequences for all combatants, as well as a broad a...
The effects of sodium bicarbonate and pyridoxine‐alpha‐ketoglutarate on short‐term maximal exercise capacity

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the simultaneous use of pyridoxine‐alpha‐ketoglutarate (PAK) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on short‐term maximal exercise capacity in eight well‐trained male cyclists. The study consisted of the determination of maximal power output and the administration of various combinations of placebos, PAK and NaHCO3, followed by a short‐term maximal exercise test. To determine maximal power output (powermax), the subjects performed a continuous, incremental test on a Monark bicycle ergometer to symptom limited maximum (test 1). To determine the effects of NaHCO3 and PAK on short‐term maximal exercise performance, the subjects were administered either placebo (PLA), PAK and sodium bicarbonate (P/B), PAK and placebo (PAK), or sodium bicarbonate and placebo (BIC) prior to performing short‐term maximal exercise (test 2). Oral tablets of NaHCO3 and PAK were given in doses of 260 mg kg‐1 and 50 mg kg‐1 respectively. The subjects pedalled at the power ou...
Altered structural and mechanical properties in decellularized rabbit carotid arteries

Recently, major achievements in creating decellularized whole tissue scaffolds have drawn considerable attention to decellularization as a promising approach for tissue engineering. Decellularized tissues are expected to have mechanical strength and structure similar to the native tissues from which they are derived. However, numerous studies have shown that mechanical properties change after decellularization. Often, tissue structure is observed by histology and electron microscopy, but the structural alterations that may have occurred are not always evident. Here, a variety of techniques were used to investigate changes in tissue structure and relate them to altered mechanical behavior in decellularized rabbit carotid arteries. Histology and scanning electron microscopy revealed that major extracellular matrix components were preserved and fibers appeared intact, although collagen appeared looser and less crimped after decellularization. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of proteoglycans (PG), but there was decreased PG density and increased spacing between collagen fibrils. Mechanical testing and opening angle measurements showed that decellularized arteries had significantly increased stiffness, decreased extensibility and decreased residual stress compared with native arteries. Small-angle light scattering revealed that fibers had increased mobility and that structural integrity was compromised in decellularized arteries. Taken together, these studies revealed structural alterations that could be related to changes in mechanical properties. Further studies are warranted to determine the specific effects of different decellularization methods on the structure and performance of decellularized arteries used as vascular grafts.
Optimization techniques for system reliability: a review

Abstract A review of the current redundancy and reliability allocation literature is presented. Systems of repairable and nonrepairable components are classified according to their system configuration (series, parallel, k- out-of -n and complex are considered). Algorithms developed to solve these problems are also presented and compared.
Experimental evaluation of the enhanced panelized brick veneer over steel stud wall system for out-of-plane loading

There has been a significant effort to design and construct multi-hazard resistant buildings in recent years, but the emphasis has been more on structural systems. A study has been undergoing at The Pennsylvania State University to develop a multi-hazard resistant brick veneer wall system, normally considered a nonstructural component as it does not participate in gravity or lateral load resisting system. However, since brick veneer walls are part of the building envelope system, they are quite vulnerable to various loading regimes. The study reported in this paper is an enhancement of an original concept that developed a panelized brick veneer over steel stud wall system to resist high wind and seismic effects. The enhancement concepts discussed are aimed at providing improved performance under extreme out-of-plane loading conditions. Full-scale static air bladder pressure tests were performed on four different mockups to investigate the beneficial effects of seismic veneer anchor ties, steel reinforcement in the brick veneer, use of sheet metal over steel studs, and use of composite sheet metal/gypsum boards as sheathing over steel studs. Details of the testing program and experimental results are presented. It is shown that the enhancement techniques result in a modest increase in strength and good composite action between the brick veneer and the combination of steel stud and the sheathings added.
Steady Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a two-layer system of immiscible liquids

Two-dimensional thermal convection in a system of two immiscible liquids heated from below is studied experimentally and numerically. Convection in the two-layer system is characterized by two distinct coupling modes between the layers. They are mechanical coupling and thermal coupling. These two coupling modes are visualized experimentally and found to be in reasonable agreement with numerical simulations. When buoyancy forces in both layers are of similar strength, thermal coupling is preferred. The mechanical coupling mode dominates when the buoyancy forces are very different in both layers.
Gradiometry coexperiments to the gravity probe B and step missions

The Gravity Probe-B (GP-B) spacecraft, designed to test predictions of general relativity, will fly in the mid 1990s. It will carry four electrostatically suspended gyroscopes in a cryogenic environment and will have a drag-free control system to minimize disturbances on the gyroscopes. The Stanford Test of Equivalence Principle (STEP) spacecraft, to fly later, will carry a set of test masses under very similar conditions. The possibility of using differential measurements of the GP-B gyroscopes suspension forces and the STEP tests mass displacement readout to form single-axis gravity gradiometers is explored. It is shown that the noise in the suspension systems is sufficiently small in the relevant frequency range, and that enough information is collected to compensate for the spacecrafts' attitude motion. Finally, using Breakwell's flat-earth approximation, these experiments are compared to other geodesy experiments and predict the contribution they can make to the knowledge of the Earth's geopotential.
The Hermann Grid Illusion: A Tool for Studying Human Perceptive Field Organization

Psychophysical research on the Hermann grid illusion is reviewed and possible neurophysiological mechanisms are discussed. The illusion is most plausibly explained by lateral inhibition within the ...
Observations on the electrical characterization of the heteroepitaxially grown cubic SiC

This paper deals with the electrical characterization of thin layers of cubic SiC, grown on (100) Si substrates. The resistivity and Hall coefficient for undoped SiC layers were measured between 10 K and 500 K. The influence of inhomogeneities on the electrical properties of the as-grown films has been established. The Hall data show a clear sign of a transition to impurity band conduction. The donor concentrations studied are in the “intermediate” range. The donor activation energy has been shown to decrease with increasing nitrogen concentration. The nitrogen concentration was measured by SIMS. The variation in nitrogen concentration is also seen in changes in the shape of the ESR spectrum. The presence of nitrogen in the intermediate concentration range is the most likely reason for the conflicting values reported for the donor ionization energy as measured by Hall and PL measurements.
A study of heart and blood of rodents inhaling diesel engine exhaust particulates.

Abstract The in vivo effects of inhalation of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) were evaluated in 128 rats and 146 guinea pigs. They were exposed in special chambers to three different dose levels of DEE particulates; 250, 750, and 1500 μg/m 3 , for 20 hr/day and 5.5 days/week. Rats were sacrificed after 13, 16.7, 25.7, 42, 52, and 78 weeks exposure, while guinea pigs were sacrificed after 6, 13, 17, 26, 42, 52, and 78 weeks exposure. Each group of each species was compared to its own age-matched control group. Morphometric analysis of the heart revealed no significant alterations in mass which could be assigned to inhalation of DEE at any dosage level or duration of exposure in either species. This included an assessment of the relative wet weights of the right ventricle, left ventricle, combined ventricles, combined atria, and ratio of right to left ventricle weights. Likewise, hematology was not changed in either species at any dosage level or duration of exposure by inhalation of DEE.
Asymmetrical spectral curvature algorithms: oceanic-constituents sensitivities.

The asymmetrical spectral curvature algorithm for Morel case 1 waters has been characterized by application of the semianalytical radiance model of ocean color to post-Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) sensor bands. Results of the study suggest that the [L (490)/L (443)][L (490)/L (555)] asymmetrical spectral curvature algorithm has a higher pigment-retrieval sensitivity than does the [L (490)/L (443)][L (490)/L (510)] curvature algorithm that was initially identified for pigment recovery. When this [L (490)/L (443)][L (490)/L (555)] algorithm was highlighted for study, it was found to (a) exhibit pigment-retrieval sensitivity that is intermediate to the [L (443)/L (555)] and the [L (510)/L (555)] CZCS-type radiance-ratio algorithms, (b) have less sensitivity to nonabsorbing particulate backscatter (NAB) than the [L (443)/L (555)] radiance ratio, (c) display remarkable insensitivity to the absorption of dissolved organic material (DOM), and (d) possess a NAB invariance point at an algorithm value of ~ 1.8 (corresponding to a pigment concentration of ~ 0.35 mg/m3). At this invariance point the [L (490)/L (443)][L (490)/L (555)] algorithm is insensitive to a wide concentration range of coccolith-like backscatterers in addition to being insensitive to DOM. The dual DOM and NAB insensitivity of the algorithm at a specific curvature value and chlorophyllous-pigment concentration suggests that such invariance points should be further studied for possible use in (1) the validation of other chlorophyllous-pigment algorithms or model inversions and (2) the computation of other inherent optical properties.
Prognosis of congestive heart failure and predictors of mortality

The interaction of physiologic variables that appear to be predictive of prognosis in patients with severe congestive heart failure was examined in a series of 139 patients referred to a heart failure service. Left ventricular ejection fraction, peak oxygen consumption during a progressive maximal exercise test and resting plasma norepinephrine concentration were identified as the strongest univariate predictors of prognosis. Examination of their interaction was accomplished by stratifying each variable into quartiles and then pooling quartiles for bivariate analysis. The data demonstrate that ejection fraction has the most profound effect on survival calculated from maximal oxygen consumption and norepinephrine concentration, but that each of the variables provides additional independent prognostic information when added to survival estimated from any of the other variables. Therefore, ventricular function, exercise tolerance and sympathetic nervous system activation appear to provide independent insight into the prognosis of patients with heart failure.
Tetrakis (perfluoropropyl)tin and other perfluoropropyltin compounds: Synthesis, characterization and reactivity

Abstract The n-perfluoropropyltin compounds (C 3 F 7 ) 4 Sn, (C 3 F 7 ) 3 SnCH 3 , (C 3 F 7 ) 2 SnR 2 (R = CH 3 and CH = CH 2 ), (C 3 F 7 ) 2 (R)SnCl (R = CH 3 and CH = CH 2 ) and C 3 F 7 (C 6 H 5 ) 2 SnCl were prepared by the reaction of C 3 F 7 MgX (X = Cl or Br) with the appropriate organotin halide. A novel 1 : 1 adduct was formed between (C 3 F 7 ) 4 Sn and 1,10-phenanthroline. Bromine cleavage of (C 3 F 7 ) 2 Sn(CH=CH 2 ) 2 gave (C 3 F 7 ) 2 SnBr 2 . (C 3 F 7 ) 4 Sn was found to be remarkably stable toward cleavage by Br 2 , HCl and SnCl 4 .
Oral Work with the Wire Recorder

LANGUAGE journals have carried a good many interesting discussions on the use of the phonograph record as an auxiliary device in oralaural instruction. A little has also been said about the use of the mirrophone. However, so few teachers have had access to the latest device, the wire recorder, that almost nothing has been written about it. The following discussion deals with some of its many alluring possibilities for language instruction.
Secondary structures and starvation‐induced frameshifting

We have examined the effect of a downstream secondary structure (the stem–loop sequence found downstream on the MMTV gag-pro frameshift site) on frameshifting at a bacterial shifty site (U UUC AUA) that responds strongly to a isoleucine-tRNA limitation. Our findings are as follows: (i) the downstream stem–loop has little effect on frameshifting in growing, unstarved cells; (ii) the stem–loop increases the frameshifting effect of isoleucine-tRNA limitation about fourfold, and this synergism is maximal with a distance of 5–9 nucleotides between the ‘hungry’ AUA codon and the stem–loop; and (iii) a stem–loop of different sequence at the same position has the same effect.
The development, construct validity, and clinical utility of the spiritual meaning scale

The authors constructed a measure of spiritual meaning, defined as the extent to which an individual believes that life or some force of which life is a function has a purpose, will, or way in which individuals participate, to supplement measures of personal meaning (mindfulness to a framework or philosophy of life) and implicit meaning (engaging in activities and valuing attitudes that people typically report as comprising an ideally meaningful life). Using a sample of 465 undergraduates, the authors selected 14 Likert-format items that exhibited desirable psychometric characteristics to constitute the Spiritual Meaning Scale (SMS). Along with measures of personal meaning, implicit meaning, and the Big Five personality dimensions, the SMS was analyzed in relationship to mental health measures (hope, depression, anxiety, and antisocial features) that had also been administered to the aforementioned sample. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that each of the meaning variables explained variance in hope and depression beyond the variance explained by the Big Five personality factors.
Improving central venous catheter insertion documentation to facilitate electronic surveillance of bundle compliance.

We developed an electronic surveillance system and modified electronic medical record and documentation practices to allow automated tracking of the central line bundle documentation with the insertion of central venous catheters. Despite significant improvements in documented use of the central line bundle in >80% of insertions, our central line‒associated bloodstream infection rate remained unchanged, suggesting the need to further improve compliance toward a goal of 100% of central line insertions, as well as training and education on proper line maintenance for catheters that are medically required for prolonged periods.
A conversation analytic study of gestures that engender repair in ESL conversational tutoring

Abstract This paper reports on results of a conversation analytic study of gestures used to initiate repair in ESL conversational tutoring sessions. These gestures function in similar ways to verbal “open class” ( Drew, 1997 ) repair initiators such as “huh?” They are unaccompanied by verbal initiations, i.e., the nonverbal behavior alone is understood to be initiating repair. One gesture consists of a sharp head turn or head tilt to the side, with continued eyegaze on the recipient, sometimes accompanied by a widening of the eyes. The other is a head poke forward, accompanied with a movement of the upper body forward toward the recipient. The gestures are used by both the native speaker (NS) tutor and the non-native speaker (NNS) tutee, and they are most often understood by the recipients to involve problems in understanding the prior talk. At least one of the gestures can also be used in a pedagogically specific way to prompt self-correction. The gestures are initiated in the turn transition space after the trouble source, and they are held through the following turn(s) of talk until the problem is resolved. This paper adds to our understanding of both conversational repair and the use of gesture in native/non-native talk.
At the Crossroads of Human Rights and Anthropology: Toward a Critically Engaged Activist Research

In this article, I consider anthropology's engagement with human rights today. Through the lens of my experience in a case brought before the International Labor Organization by a community in Chiapas, Mexico, I consider the ethical, practical, and epistemological questions that arise in research defined by rights activism. I argue that the critical engagement brought about by activist research is both necessary and productive. Such research can contribute to transforming the discipline by addressing the politics of knowledge production and working to decolonize our research process. Rather than seeking to avoid or resolve the tensions inherent in anthropological research on human rights, activist research draws them to the fore, making them a productive part of the process. Finally, activist research allows us to merge cultural critique with political action to produce knowledge that is empirically grounded, theoretically valuable, and ethically viable.
A comparative ab initio study of torsion–inversion coupling in CH3NH2, and

Abstract Two-dimensional, partially optimized torsion–inversion potential energy surfaces for methylamine, protonated methanol and ethyl radical were obtained by ab initio methods up to CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df,2p). At this level, the zero-point corrected torsional barriers for CH3NH2 and CH 3 OH 2 + were found to be 703.8 and 399.6 cm−1, respectively, and corresponding inversion barriers are 1946.9 and 877.2 cm−1. The torsional barrier for CH 3 CH 2 was found to be 21.2 cm−1. Although the barrier heights are very different, the dominant torsion–inversion coupling term in each of the three cases has the same form, V1,3τ cos 3α, where τ is the inversion angle and α is the torsional angle, and the magnitudes of the coupling, 280 ⩽ V1,3 ⩽ 450 cm−1, are similar.
An empirical examination of the impact of computer information systems on users

Abstract This research investigates the effects of computer-based information systems on users and their jobs. Overall, based upon data collected from 101 users, the results show that information systems have a positive effect on four of the five core job dimensions (identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback). No significant impact is detected for the “skill variety” dimension. Results are also reported when users are broken down according to their position in the management hierarchy, and their user type (primary, secondary, end-users).
Applications Of Artificial Intelligence/Robotics

One hundred applications of artificial-intelligence technology and robotics in Army combat and combat support that may be possible and worthwhile are identified. These possible applications have been divided into ten categories, and one example in each category has been examined in detail. Research and development plans have been developed showing the basic and applied research that would be needed to make the applications possible. Although the number of possible applications is large, the number of key technology elements is relatively small, and many of the same technology elements are required in many different applications.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Double label estimation of the mean duration of the S-phase.

Abstract The theoretical values of the double label index and the estimator of the mean duration of the DNA-synthesis phase are obtained for the situation where a steady-state renewal cell population is subjected to two instantaneous labels. The stochastic model used to describe this situation allows for a correlation structure among the durations of the phases of the cell cycle. An explicit form for the double label index is presented for the case where the durations of the phases of the cell cycle are jointly distributed in accordance with a multivariate mixed gamma distribution. The effect of the length sampling bias and the time between label points on the theoretical value of the estimator is demonstrated.
Form Factors and Vector-Meson Dynamics

It is suggested that the isovector form factors of various particles will have a common shape arising from a common dynamical determinant. This leads naturally to a product-of-poles shape for the form factors. Two models are considered for the isoscalar form factors. The first, which supposes that the $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}$ mixing angle is energy-independent, agrees with the result of Krohn and Ringo for ${{G}_{E}}^{{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}}(0)$ only if the baryon normalization is very different from that of the quark model. The second involves an energy-dependent mixing angle and permits the quark model to be consistent with experiment. The theory assumes that the mixing angle vanishes at $t=0$.
Data Analysis in Factorial Ecology

The methodology of factorial ecology is examined with regard to its main objective, to discover stable patterns of covariation for census tract variables across cities and over time.
Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae sp. nov., the teleomorph of Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae and Ceratobasidium setariae comb. nov., the probable teleomorph of Rhizoctonia fumigata comb. nov

The teleomorph of Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae is described as Ceratobasidium oryzae-sativae sp. nov. It differs from other known Ceratobasidium species because it has two sterigmata per basidium in conjunction with typically subglobose basidiospores. Ceratobasidium setariae comb. nov. (=Hypochnus setariae) is morphologically similar to C. oryzae-sativae. The description of the sclerotial state of C. setariae conforms to Sclerotium fumigatum and C. setariae is postulated to be the teleomorph of S. fumigatum. Sclerotium fumigatum is binucleate and is placed in the genus Rhizoctonia.
Hodge structures on abelian varieties of type IV

Let A be a general member of a PEL-family of abelian varieties with endomorphisms by an imaginary quadratic number field k, and let E be an elliptic curve with complex multiplications by k. We show that the usual Hodge conjecture for products of A with powers of E implies the general Hodge conjecture for all powers of A. We deduce the general Hodge conjecture for all powers of certain 5-dimensional abelian varieties.
A singular initial value problem and self-similar solutions of a nonlinear dissipative wave equation

Abstract We present a systematic study of local solutions of the ODE of the form x ″ = 1 t f ( t , x , x ′ ) near t = 0 . Such ODEs occur in the study of self-similar radial solutions of some second order PDEs. A general theorem of existence and uniqueness is established. It is shown that there is a dichotomy between the cases γ > 0 and γ 0 , where γ = ∂ f / ∂ x ′ at t = 0 . As an application, we study the singular behavior of self-similar radial solutions of a nonlinear wave equation with superlinear damping near an incoming light cone. A smoothing effect is observed as the incoming waves are focused at the tip of the cone.
Correlation of prolonged insecticide exposure and the activity of the inhibition of cochlea N1 potential

Abstract This study was initiated after observing blocked responses of round window cochlea N1 potential (nerve activity evoked from the cochlea by a short click) to cholinergic drugs in cats maintained for extended periods of time in the vivarium. Cats were maintained in a clean environment until a stable population was obtained. A randomly selected group was used for the control study of cochlea activity by monitoring the round window potential. The effectiveness of the efferent nervous system and intraarterial acetylcholine injections, and the influence of efferent nerve section were determined. Insecticide treatment was instituted to study whether correlative losses would occur as insecticide concentrations increased. At intervals of 9, 15, 34 and 42 wk a randomly selected group was tested. After 42 wk, in 83% of the animals the N1 potential was no longer depressed by intraarterial acetylcholine, and a 50% block of olivocochlear bundle stimulation occurred. These results correlated with the data from tissues analyses for DDT in renal lipid samples. In those animals responsive to acetylcholine in the 34- and 42-wk groups enhanced depression of N1 occurred. Sectioning of the innervation produced no change in the acetylcholine activity, indicating that the activity produced by the drug is at a peripheral site. The results obtained from acutely administered insecticide experiments indicate that the agents most active as depressants of N1 and potentiators of acetylcholine are DDT and the potent cholinesterase inhibitors.
Cytoskeletal Regulation Couples LFA-1 Conformational Changes to Receptor Lateral Mobility and Clustering

Summary The α L β 2 integrin (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 [LFA-1]) is regulated to engage and maintain T cell adhesion. Conformational changes in the receptor are associated with changes in receptor-ligand affinity and are necessary for firm adhesion. Less well understood is the relationship between receptor conformation and the regulation of its lateral mobility. We have used fluorescence photobleaching recovery and single-particle tracking to measure the lateral mobility of specific conformations of LFA-1. These measurements show that different receptor conformations have distinct diffusion profiles and that these profiles vary according to the activation state of the cell. Notably, a high-affinity conformation of LFA-1 is mobile on resting cells but immobile on phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-activated cells. This activation-induced immobilization is prevented by a calpain inhibitor and by an allosteric LFA-1 inhibitor. Our results suggest that current models of LFA-1 regulation are incomplete and that LFA-1 confinement by cytoskeletal attachment regulates cell adhesion both negatively and positively.