cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical investigation of an oblique shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction with continuous suction

An numerical and experimental investigation has been conducted into the interaction of an incident oblique shock wave with a turbulent boundary layer, for the cases of a rough plate and a porous plate with suction, at a nominal Mach number of 2.5 and flow deflection angles of 0, 4, 6, and 8 deg. Attention is given to the pitot pressure profiles, wall static pressures, and porous plate local bleed distributions measured for the two plates. Suction is found to increase the strength of the incident shock required to separate the boundary layer; for all shock strengths tested, separation is completely eliminated.
Much ado about nothing: Vacuum and renormalization in the light-front framework

Abstract In the light-front (LF) formulation of quantum field theory, nontrivial vacuum structure can appear only in zero-modes. Integrating out zero-mode degrees of freedom leads to an effective LF Hamiltonian, which acts only on nonzero-modes and thus has a trivial vacuum, but is nevertheless equivalent to the Hamiltonian in normal coordinates (with nontrivial vacuum) since the nontrivial vacuum structure enters through the coefficients of the eff. LF Hamiltonian.
Effect of n-Alkanols on Lipid Bilayer Hydration†

The effect of a homologous series of aliphatic n-alkanols on the presence of water within the head group and acyl chain region of lipid bilayers was investigated using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy according to a previously published approach [Ho, C., Slater, S. J., & Stubbs, C. D. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 6188-6195]. Upon addition of n-alkanols to phosphatidylcholine bilayers the fluorescence lifetime of N-[5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl]dipalmitoylphosphatidyleth anolamine (dansyl-PE) decreased, indicative of an increased water content within the head group region, the effect being a linear function of n-alkanol chain length (C1-C8), based on the total n-alkanol concentration. The fluorescence lifetimes of 1-palmitoyl-2-[[2-[4-(6-phenyl-trans-1,3, 5-hexatrienyl)phenyl]ethyl]carbonyl]-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (DPH-PC) and N-[[4-(6-phenyl-1,3, 5-hexatrienyl)phenyl]propyl]trimethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (TMAP-DPH), and the fluorescence intensity ratio of the latter in D2O compared to that in H2O, were used to probe the level of water in the acyl chain region. There was a decrease in the lifetime and an increase in the D2O/H2O fluorescence intensity ratio upon addition of short-chain n-alkanols (C1-C3), suggestive of increased water content. By contrast, long-chain n-alkanols (C4-C8) increased the lifetime and decreased the ratio, suggestive of decreased water content. Acyl chain order, determined from DPH-PC fluorescence anisotropy, was decreased by all n-alkanols, indicating that the effects were not probe-dependent. The effects of short- and long-chain n-alkanols on the fluorescence lifetime of the tryptophans of gramicidin, incorporated into phosphatidylcholine bilayers as a model membrane protein, were similar to those obtained with TMAP-DPH and DPH-PC; ethanol decreased and hexanol increased the lifetime. Thus the effect of n-alkanols and general anesthetics on changes in the amount of water that may be accommodated within the acyl chain region of the bilayer is not predictable on the basis of the magnitude of effects on head group region or acyl chain order/fluidity.
Surface atom core level energy shifts for Ti, Cr, Fe, and Co polycrystalline surfaces

Abstract The 2p core level Auger electron appearance potential spectra (AEAPS) for Ti, Cr, Fe, and Co metal surfaces have been investigated. Each of the 2 p 3 2 and 2 p 1 2 - level spectra exhibits surface and bulk-like state peaks in the unoccupied band of these metals. The surface states appear as a shoulder on the leading edge of 2p-level AEAPS spectra and are localized near the surface. The surface state peaks are shifted to lower energies by 0.7–1.4 eV relative to the bulk peaks.
The Functional Organization and Cortical Connections of Motor Cortex in Squirrels

Despite extraordinary diversity in the rodent order, studies of motor cortex have been limited to only 2 species, rats and mice. Here, we examine the topographic organization of motor cortex in the Eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) and cortical connections of motor cortex in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi). We distinguish a primary motor area, M1, based on intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), myeloarchitecture, and patterns of connectivity. A sensorimotor area between M1 and the primary somatosensory area, S1, was also distinguished based on connections, functional organization, and myeloarchitecture. We term this field 3a based on similarities with area 3a in nonrodent mammals. Movements are evoked with ICMS in both M1 and 3a in a roughly somatotopic pattern. Connections of 3a and M1 are distinct and suggest the presence of a third far rostral field, termed "F," possibly involved in motor processing based on its connections. We hypothesize that 3a is homologous to the dysgranular zone (DZ) in S1 of rats and mice. Our results demonstrate that squirrels have both similar and unique features of M1 organization compared with those described in rats and mice, and that changes in 3a/DZ borders appear to have occurred in both lineages.
UNDER PRESSURE: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN OUTPUT QUALITY AND QUANTITY UNDER COMPETITION AND TIME CONSTRAINTS

Gender gaps in income and level of position in the workplace are widespread. One explanation for this inequality is that the genders perform dierently under competi- tive conditions, as previous experimental studies have found a signi…cant gender gap in competitive tasks that are perceived to favor men. In this paper, we use a verbal task that is perceived to favor women and …nd no gender dierence under competition per se. We also reject the hypothesis that a "stereotype threat"explains the inability of women to improve performance under competition. We propose an alternative expla- nation for gender inequality: namely, that women and men respond dierently to time pressure. With reduced time pressure, competition in verbal tasks greatly increases the performance of women, such that women signi…cantly outperform men. This eect appears largely due to the fact that extra time in a competition improves the quality of women's work, leading them to make fewer mistakes. On the other hand, men use this extra time to increase the quantity of work, which results in a greater number of mistakes.
General base catalysis of photo‐smiles rearrangement of 1‐(4‐nitrophenoxy)‐2‐anilinoethane in aqueous solution. Identity of the proton‐donating intermediate

4-O2NC6H4OCH2CH2NHPh undergoes clean base-catalyzed Smiles photorearrangement to 4-O2NC6H4N(Ph)CH2CH2OH in dimethyl sulfoxide–water (25:75). A linear plot of ϕ−1 vs [OH−]−1 indicated that the limiting quantum yield at high [OH−] is 0·12 and that uncatalyzed photorearrangement does not occur. Rate constants for the deprotonation step were determined for a variety of bases having conjugate acid pKa values in the range 5–10. When plotted according to the Bronsted Catalysis Law, these data gave a non-linear plot approaching slopes of zero and unity above and below a pKa of 6–7. This indicates that the proton-donating intermediate in this photo-Smiles rearrangement is the zwitterion diradical (pKa ≈ 7) rather than the Meisenheimer complex (pKa ≈ 2).
Pemetrexed Therapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

OBJECTIVE:To review pemetrexed, a novel multi-targeted antifolate agent.DATA SOURCES:A literature search was conducted (1985–September 2004) using MEDLINE and CANCERLIT. Recent abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology were also included, along with the manufacturer's information. Key words were pemetrexed, LY-231514, Alimta, multi-targeted antifolate, malignant pleural mesothelioma.STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION:Relevant information on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety and efficacy of pemetrexed from clinical trials was selected.DATA SYNTHESIS:Pemetrexed inhibits folate metabolism and purine/pyrimidine synthesis. Based on Phase I and II trials, pemetrexed has antitumor activity in solid tumors such as lung, colorectal, and cervical. A pivotal Phase III study in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) demonstrated survival superiority of pemetrexed—cisplatin regimen versus cisplatin.CONCLUSIONS:Pemetrexed is a promising new drug for the treatment of solid malignanci...
On the maximal inequalities for the average of pairwise i.i.d. random variables

We obtain two sided inequalities for the tail of the maximal function of the averages of a multiple sequence of pairwise i.i.d. random variables taking values in a separable Banach space. We then use the results to establish a necessary and sufficient con¬dition, in terms of the common distribution of the norm of the random variables, for the maximal function to be in L , 1< p << z
Pentaammine(triflato)osmium(III) Triflate

[83781-30-0] C3H15F9N5O9S3Os (MW 722.56) InChI = 1S/3CHF3O3S.5H3N.Os/c3*2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7;;;;;;/h3*(H,5,6,7);5*1H3;/q;;;;;;;;+3/p-3 InChIKey = HWGAHFXMBKZTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-K (dearomatization reagent1a1b) Alternate Name: pentaammine(trifluoromethanesulfonato-O)osmium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate). Physical Data: decomposes at ∼276 °C. Solubility: soluble in water, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and DMA. Form Supplied in: ivory or light tan solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: cyclic voltammetry, combustion analysis. Preparative Methods: prepared from osmium tetroxide via (NH4)2 ‘OsCl6’ and ‘Os(N2)(NH3)5’Cl2 as intermediates.1a2 Purification: if necessary to remove traces of triflic acid, the reagent is refluxed in chloroform, filtered, and the cake washed with chloroform and dried. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the toxicological properties of this reagent are unknown. Because other osmium compounds are known to be toxic, care should be taken to avoid exposure to this reagent and the complexes derived from it. As a precaution, this reagent should only be handled in a hood or glovebox. Disposal: osmium-containing waste needs to be segregated from other waste streams, as the highly toxic and volatile osmium tetroxide can be formed if the waste is incinerated.
Social Well-Being and Water Resources Planning

: For many years, Federal water resources projects have been subjected to benefit-cost analysis to establish their economic feasibility. Several years ago social well-being was added as a consideration. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art in analyzing and evaluating aspects of social well-being. It stresses current short-falls and advocates a direction for further efforts.
Spontaneous abortion and unexpected death: a critical discussion of Marquis on abortion

In his classic paper, ‘Why abortion is immoral’, Don Marquis argues that what makes killing an adult seriously immoral is that it deprives the victim of the valuable future he/she would have otherwise had. Moreover, Marquis contends, because abortion deprives a fetus of the very same thing, aborting a fetus is just as seriously wrong as killing an adult. Marquis’ argument has received a great deal of critical attention in the two decades since its publication. Nonetheless, there is a potential challenge to it that seems to have gone unnoticed. A significant percentage of fetuses are lost to spontaneous abortion. Once we bring this fact to our attention, it becomes less clear whether Marquis can use his account of the wrongness of killing to show that abortion is the moral equivalent of murder. In this paper, I explore the relevance of the rate of spontaneous abortion to Marquis’ classic anti-abortion argument. I introduce a case I call Unexpected Death in which someone is about to commit murder, but, just as the would-be murderer is about to strike, his would-be victim dies unexpectedly. I then ask: what does Marquis’ account of killing imply about the moral status of what the would-be murderer was about to do? I consider four responses Marquis could give to this question, and I examine what implications these responses have for Marquis’ strategy of using his account of the wrongness of killing an adult to show that abortion is in the same moral category.
Breast Ablation: Breast Carcinoma, Fibroadenomas

Standard management of breast cancer depends on the tumor type, biologic receptor status, and extent of disease (TNM staging). Detailed accepted treatment algorithms are available from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network [http://www.nccn.org] and are summarized here:
Trauma Resolution Using Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing With an Incestuous Sex Offender An Instrumental Case Study

This case describes the use of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)toreducereactivitytochildhoodtraumainanincestuoussexoffender.Itexplores the relationship between desensitization and reprocessing of traumatic memory and how thismaypromotesexoffendertreatmentprogressasanenhancementof,notareplacement for, the cognitive-behavioral or relapse prevention treatment of sexual offenders. Pretreat- ment and posttreatment self-report and other-report instruments and semistructured inter- viewsareemployedtoexploretheresultsofthisintervention.Implicationsandsuggestions for this treatment protocol are suggested.
Human Metapneumovirus Infection among Children Hospitalized with Acute Respiratory Illness

Recent studies have associated human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in children with respiratory disease of similar severity as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We studied 668 banked swab specimens (one per admission) collected from a population-based, prospective study of acute respiratory illness among inpatient children from two U.S. cities. Specimens were tested for HMPV, RSV, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assays. Twenty-six (3.9%) were positive for HMPV; 125 (18.7%) for RSV; 45 (6.7%) for parainfluenza 1, 2, or 3; and 23 (3.4%) for influenza. HMPV-positive children were significantly older than RSV-positive children. HMPV-positive children required medical intensive care and received supplemental oxygen in similar frequencies to RSV-positive children. Among children hospitalized with respiratory illness, the incidence of HMPV infection was less than RSV, but clinical disease severity mirrored that of RSV infection. Further investigations to better characterize HMPV infection and its clinical effect are needed.
Ventilation Rates Estimated from Tracers in the Presence of Mixing

The intimate relationship among ventilation, transit-time distributions, and transient tracer budgets is analyzed. To characterize the advective–diffusive transport from the mixed layer to the interior ocean in terms of flux we employ a cumulative ventilation-rate distribution, (), defined as the one-way mass flux of water that resides at least time in the interior before returning. A one-way (or gross) flux contrasts with the net advective flux, often called the subduction rate, which does not accommodate the effects of mixing, and it contrasts with the formation rate, which depends only on the net effects of advection and diffusive mixing. As decreases () increases, encompassing progressively more one-way flux. In general, is a rapidly varying function of (it diverges at small ), and there is no single residence time at which can be evaluated to fully summarize the advective–diffusive flux. To reconcile discrepancies between estimates of formation rates in a recent GCM study, () is used. Then chlorofluorocarbon data are used to bound () for Subtropical Mode Water and Labrador Sea Water in the North Atlantic Ocean. The authors show that the neglect of diffusive mixing leads to spurious behavior, such as apparent time dependence in the formation, even when transport is steady.
The value of social network analysis in health care delivery

This chapter frames the use of social network analysis in understanding knowledge diffusion and discusses current uses of this methodology within a government agency.
Use of a pharmacokinetic-driven computational fluid dynamics model to predict nasal extraction of hydrogen sulfide in rats and humans.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a naturally occurring and industrially generated gas. Human exposure to H2S results in dose-related neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects. Subchronic exposure of rats to 30 or 80 ppm H2S results in olfactory neuron loss and basal cell hyperplasia. Olfactory lesions commonly border main airflow streams in the rat, indicating an influence of airflow on H2S-induced lesion locations. In this study, anatomically accurate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were used to quantitatively predict H2S tissue dose in rat and human nasal passages. Air-tissue flux was defined in terms of H2S solubility, diffusivity, and reaction kinetics in nasal tissue. Kinetic parameters for the rat were estimated from an air-tissue pharmacokinetic (PK) model that was fit to experimental nasal extraction (NE) data. Using this PK-driven CFD model, predicted flux at the mid-dorsomedial meatus and the middle portion of the ethmoid recess showed a good correlation with olfactory lesion incidence. Scaled kinetic parameters were incorporated into a human CFD model to predict H2S flux in human nasal passages. Assuming that equivalent H2S flux values will induce similar responses in the olfactory regions of rats and humans, a no-observed-adverse-effect‐ level human-equivalent concentration was estimated to be 5 ppm. This estimate was based on quantitative tissue dose estimates extrapolated from both lesion and NE data in rats and represents a risk estimate that is science based and does not rely on simplified dosimetric assumptions for interspecies extrapolation.
A MAP solution to off-line segmentation of signals

A new criterion for off-line segmentation of signals is proposed. The derivation is general in the sense that it is valid for signals that are parameterized by linear or nonlinear functions embedded in additive noise, be it non-white or non-Gaussian. In addition, a penalty function is developed whose terms are easily justified and interpreted. As a special case, a criterion for segmentation of polynomial signals in white Gaussian noise is analyzed and compared with the AIC and MDL. The simulation results show that our criterion markedly outperforms its popular counterparts. >
HIV Testing Patterns among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Qualitative Typology

Background: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Southeastern United States are disproportionately affected by HIV. Black MSM are more likely to have unrecognized HIV infection, suggesting that testing may occur later and/or infrequently relative to current recommendations. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the HIV testing behaviors of Black MSM in Atlanta, Georgia, who were participants in the HIV Prevention Trials Network Brothers Study (HPTN 061). Methods and Findings: We conducted 29 in-depth interviews and four focus groups with a community-recruited sample. Modified grounded theory methodologies were used to guide our inductive analysis, which yielded a typology comprised of four distinct HIV testing patterns. Participants could be categorized as: (1) Maintenance Testers, who tested regularly as part of routine self-care; (2) Risk-Based Testers, whose testing depended on relationship status or sexual behavior; (3) Convenience Testers, who tested irregularly depending on what testing opportunities arose; or (4) Test Avoiders, who tested infrequently and/or failed to follow up on results. We further characterized these groups with respect to age, socioeconomic factors, identity, stigma and healthcare access. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of HIV testing patterns among Black MSM, and offer a framework for conceptualizing HIV testing in this group. Public health messaging must account for the diversity of Black MSM’s experiences, and multiple testing approaches should be developed and utilized to maximize outreach to different types of testers.
Estimating exposure point concentrations for surface soils for use in deterministic and probabilistic risk assessments

Abstract When estimating human or ecological risks from exposures to surface soils at terrestrial properties regulated as hazardous waste sites by federal or state agencies, risk assessors must estimate exposure point concentrations (EPCs) for compounds in the surface soils. In this manuscript, we demonstrate non‐parametric methods to estimate the EPC for a single compound in surface soils for use in deterministic and/or probabilistic human or ecological risk assessments. Since regulatory agencies instruct risk assessors to consider scenarios involving long‐term (chronic or lifetime) average exposures in most human risk assessments (USEPA, 1992, Exposure; Lioy, 1990; USEPA, 1989, HHEM), it is essential to distinguish (i) the number of soil samples taken in the field program, Ns, for which the field geologist has laboratory measurements from (ii) the number of exposure events, Ne (>>Ns) over which the exposure is properly averaged. By taking spatial information into account, we demonstrate new methods for ...
Polycomb repressive complex PRC2 regulates Xenopus retina development downstream of Wnt/β-catenin signaling

The histone methyltransferase complex PRC2 controls key steps in developmental transitions and cell fate choices; however, its roles in vertebrate eye development remain unknown. Here, we report that in Xenopus, PRC2 regulates the progression of retinal progenitors from proliferation to differentiation. We show that the PRC2 core components are enriched in retinal progenitors and downregulated in differentiated cells. Knockdown of the PRC2 core component Ezh2 leads to reduced retinal progenitor proliferation, in part due to upregulation of the Cdk inhibitor p15Ink4b. In addition, although PRC2 knockdown does not alter eye patterning, retinal progenitor gene expression or expression of the neural competence factor Sox2, it does cause suppression of proneural bHLH gene expression, indicating that PRC2 is crucial for the initiation of neural differentiation in the retina. Consistent with this, knocking down or blocking PRC2 function constrains the generation of most retinal neural cell types and promotes a Muller glial cell fate decision. We also show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling acting through the receptor Frizzled 5, but independent of Sox2, regulates expression of key PRC2 subunits in the developing retina. This is consistent with a role for this pathway in coordinating proliferation and the transition to neurogenesis in the Xenopus retina. Our data establish PRC2 as a regulator of proliferation and differentiation during eye development.
A Mathematical Programming Model for the Location of Access Controls in a Distributed Data Base Environment

Advances in data bases and distributed processing are resulting in the development of distributed data bases that store data bases at several, distinct computer systems connected by a communication network. Although distributed data bases enable sharing of data resources by users from various nodes of the network, they present many design and control issues. Data must be efficiently stored and accessed by all users from all nodes, and yet be secured against unauthorized use. Considerable research has been devoted to physical data base design and its effects on storage and retrieval, and to security controls in data bases. On the other hand, the mutual relations of physical design and data base security and, in particular, the placement of security controls in a distributed environment has hardly been addressed. This paper fills this gap, in part, by explicitly modeling security control location and cost as part of the physical design of a distributed data base. These considerations result in the introduction of a "restricted access" design methodology, which simplifies the security control. Experimental results reported here concentrate on reducing the data transfer load of the communication network by using the restricted access method compared to more standard schemes. Suggestions are made for development of optimization algorithms for the models presented here.
Risk factors for father-daughter incest: data from an anonymous computerized survey

Retrospective data from 2,034 female participants, provided anonymously using a computer-assisted self-interview, were used to identify risk factors for father-daughter incest (FDI). A total of 51 participants had reported having experienced FDI. The risk factors identified within the nuclear family by the multiple logistic regression analysis included the following: (a) Having parents whose relationship included verbal or physical fighting or brutality increased the likelihood of FDI by approximately 5 times; (b) families accepting father-daughter nudity as measured by a scale with values ranging from 0 to 4 increased the likelihood of FDI by approximately 2 times for each unit value increase of 1 above 0; (c) demonstrating maternal affection protected against FDI. The likelihood of being a victim of FDI was highest if the participant's mother never kissed or hugged her; it decreased by 0.44 for a 1-unit increase in affection and by 0.19 times for a 2-unit increase; and (d) being in homes headed by single-parent mothers or where divorce or death of the father had resulted in a man other than the biological father living in the home increased the risk of FDI by approximately 3.2 times. The results were consistent with the idea that FDI in many families was the cumulative result of a circular pattern of interactions, a finding that has implications for treatment of the perpetrator, the victim, and the families. The data also suggested it may be possible to design an information program for parents that will result in reducing the risk of FDI in families implementing the program's recommendations.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone directly induces apoptotic cell death in the rat ovary: biochemical and in situ detection of deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation in granulosa cells

The majority of ovarian follicles undergo atresia through a mechanism involving apoptotic cell death. Although GnRH and its agonists have been shown to suppress ovarian growth and differentiation in hypophysectomized rats, studies on the induction of follicle atresia by GnRH are contradictory. In the present study, the direct effect of GnRH on the occurrence of apoptosis in the ovary was investigated in hypophysectomized estrogen-treated immature rats. Starting 2 days after operation and estrogen capsule implantation, rats were treated with a GnRH agonist (GnRHa; [desGly10,D-Phe6,Pro9-N-ethylamide] GnRH; 50 micrograms/injection, twice daily). Total ovarian DNA was isolated 48 h later, labeled at the 3'ends with [32P]dideoxy ATP, and size-fractionated. Compared to that in control animals, treatment with GnRHa increased DNA fragmentation in multiples of 180 basepairs, a hallmark of apoptosis, demonstrating that GnRH directly increases ovarian apoptotic cell demise. In contrast, FSH treatment (10 micrograms/injection, twice daily) decreased apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and the antiapoptotic effect of FSH was partially blocked by concomitant treatment with GnRHa. The apoptosis-inducing effect of GnRHa was time and dose dependent, with a significant increase seen after 24 h of treatment and a maximal 5.5-fold increase with 10 micrograms GnRHa/injection. Similar to studies using DNA isolated from whole ovaries, DNA obtained from isolated granulosa cells also showed a time- and dose-dependent increase in DNA fragmentation after GnRHa treatment. The effect on DNA fragmentation by GnRHa was mediated by ovarian GnRH receptors, because a potent GnRH receptor blocker, Azaline B, prevented GnRHa action. In addition, in situ end labeling of DNA using digoxigenin-dideoxy-UTP showed that DNA fragmentation was confined to the granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles. No GnRHa-induced apoptosis was detected in granulosa cells of primary follicles or in thecal and interstitial cells. These data suggest that GnRH directly increases apoptotic cell death in the ovary, and the GnRH action is confined to the granulosa cells. These data provide a basis for future studies on the mechanism of follicular atresia and the regulation of ovarian endonuclease by GnRH.
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy masquerading as Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (P6.038)

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) mimicking Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD). BACKGROUND: Wernicke Encephalopathy is a treatable life threatening emergency caused by thiamine deficiency. It has been classically defined by physical examination findings of confusion, ataxia, and opthalmoplegia. MRI imaging can also be helpful is the diagnosis, with confirmatory testing of vitamin B1 levels in the serum. There have been several case series demonstrating the similarities between the clinical presentation of Wernickes encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Our case demonstrates the clinical and neurophysiology similarities between the diagnoses and the importance of aggressive thiamine repletion. METHODS: A case report RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS: A 59 year old male presented with 3 months of progressive cognitive decline, behavioral changes, ataxia, and myoclonus. Neurologic exam revealed a somnolent male with markedly impaired memory and cognition. Cranial nerve testing was characterized by non-fatiguing horizontal nystagmus and diffuse ophthalmoplegia. Multifocal myoclonus was present at rest and activated by posture with severe appendicular and truncal ataxia. He was diffusely hyper-reflexic with an upgoing toe. EEG was characterized by diffuse slowing with periodic sharp and slow waves. CSF and serum workup was positive for elevated 14-3-3 protein and mild increase in neuron specific enolase. Although the presumed diagnosis was CJD, his serum thiamine level was noted to be low on admission. With aggressive thiamine repletion, his neurologic exam improved dramatically and subsequent EEG normalized. His diagnosis was altered to non-alcoholic WE. At 2 month follow-up his mentation and examination neared his previous baseline. This case illustrates several confounders in the diagnosis of WE, including clinical presentation, electro-diagnostic testing, and laboratory analysis that supported CJD. This is an important example of how prompt recognition and institution of medical therapy successfully treated a life threatening case of non-alcoholic WE. Disclosure: Dr. Taylor has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baldwin has nothing to disclose.
Age Trends in Daily Social Contact Patterns

Research on older adults’ social integration usually focuses on time-indefinite access to social support, community involvement, and network connectedness. Little research has examined the actual amount of social contact older adults have on a typical day. The author uses nationally representative data on 92,698 adults—collected in the 2003-2009 American Time Use Surveys—to examine age-related trends in rates of everyday contact. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression analyses reveal nonlinear relationships between age and rates of social contact. Older adults have substantially lower rates of social contact than younger and middle-aged adults—especially among women. A significant portion, but not all, of the age-related variation in contact patterns is attributable to life-course factors like living arrangements. The author closes by considering several potential explanations for these trends and by urging social gerontologists to pay closer attention to the causes and consequences of microsocial con...
Catalytic Solar Thermochemical Processing for Enhance Heat Transfer and Emission-free Production of Hydrogen

Solar thermochemical processing offers production of many commodities via reduced or completely eliminated emission footprint. Although solar reactor design and flow configuration play key role in process efficiency, use of right catalyst further enhances the overall efficiency. Our research efforts to explain the physical phenomenon behind the increase of the overall efficiency via catalyst addition showed that there is a direct effect on the heat transfer which in turn effects methane decomposition rate. In this paper, a compilation of our research results on the testing of carbon based catalyst and its impact on the heat transfer is summarized along with kinetics analysis of methane decomposition.
Defining “Serious Illness”

‘‘Palliative care is specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses. This type of care is focused on providing patients with relief from the symptoms, pain, and stress of a serious illness—whatever the diagnosis. The goal is to improve quality of life for both the patient and the family. Palliative care is provided by a team of doctors, nurses, and other specialists who work with a patient’s other doctors to provide an extra layer of support. Palliative care is appropriate at any age and at any stage in a serious illness, and can be provided together with curative treatment.’’
Humanized anti-CEACAM6 PEGylated scFv: A promising novel therapy for pancreatic cancer

3042 Background: Novel Therapies for pancreatic cancer (PC) based on biological insight are urgently needed. CEACAM6, a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family, is a cell surface oncoge...
Accuracy of Prediction of Own Performance as a Function of Locus of Control

It was hypothesized that Ss with some years of college would differ in their ability to predict their scores on a classroom examination according to how they scored on the Locus of Control scale. Results supported the hypothesis, indicating that internals are more accurate predictors of their own academic performance than are externals. Discussion focused on the interaction between locus of control and the nature of the prediction of behavior required of Ss.
Size-Dependent Silicon Epitaxy at Mesoscale Dimensions

New discoveries on collective processes in materials fabrication and performance are emerging in the mesoscopic size regime between the nanoscale, where atomistic effects dominate, and the macroscale, where bulk-like behavior rules. For semiconductor electronics and photonics, dimensional control of the architecture in this regime is the limiting factor for device performance. Epitaxial crystal growth is the major tool enabling simultaneous control of the dimensions and properties of such architectures. Although size-dependent effects have been studied for many small-scale systems, they have not been reported for the epitaxial growth of Si crystalline surfaces. Here, we show a strong dependence of epitaxial growth rates on size for nano to microscale radial wires and planar stripes. A model for this unexpected size-dependent vapor phase epitaxy behavior at small dimensions suggests that these effects are universal and result from an enhanced surface desorption of the silane (SiH4) growth precursor near facet edges. Introducing phosphorus or boron dopants during the silicon epitaxy further decreases the growth rates and, for phosphorus, gives rise to a critical layer thickness for single crystalline epitaxial growth. This previously unknown mesoscopic size-dependent growth effect at mesoscopic dimensions points to a new mechanism in vapor phase growth and promises greater control of advanced device geometries.
Noise Measurements of Tactical UAVs

This paper describes several noise measurement activities of GTRI to measure and understand the noise produced by tactical UAVs. As UAVs in the tactical class have begun to see much more use in the battlefield, it has become apparent that the noise produced by these aircraft affects their utility in certain roles. GTRI has thus undertaken to measure the noise of several UAVs through a series of static ground measurements, flyover measurements, and measurements taken in an anechoic chamber. The results indicate that propeller noise and engine exhaust noise are generally of equal importance for typical UAVs. The difficulties in measuring flyover noise are also discussed as are methods for extracting noise buried in back ground noise. Finally some discussions on UAV noise relative to UAV detection is provided along with some concepts which would serve to reduce UAV noise and thus reduce detectability.
Interactions of Organic Solvents at Graphene/α-Al2O3 and Graphene Oxide/α-Al2O3 Interfaces Studied by Sum Frequency Generation

The adsorption of 1-hexanol from cyclohexane-d12 at single-layer graphene/α-Al2O3 interfaces was probed at mole percent values as low as 0.05 in the C–H stretching region using vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG). The SFG spectra are indiscernible from those obtained in the absence of graphene, and from those obtained in the presence of graphene oxide films prepared via oxygen plasma treatment of pristine single-layer graphene. A Langmuir adsorption model yields observed free adsorption energies of −19.9(5) to −20.9(3) kJ/mol for the three interfaces. The results indicate that the molecular structure of the hexanol alkyl chain is subject to the same orientation distribution when graphene, oxidized or not, is present or absent at the α-Al2O3/cyclohexane-d12 interface. Moreover, it appears that the adsorption of 1-hexanol in this binary mixture is driven by hexanol interactions with the underlying oxide support, and that a single layer of graphene does not influence the extent of this interaction, ev...
Research of Abnormal Vibration in Rear Bearing of Domestic 125 MW Generator

For the problem of abnormal vibration in rear bearing of domestic 125 MW generator, based on a lot of field-test data and practice of many years, using research results of rotor moving dynamics, the mechanism of abnormal vibration in rear bearing of generators is analysed, the way to solve this problem is suggested. Practice shows that both the analysis and the solving way are effective.
Application of Modern Analytical Techniques in Detection of Food Additives

Food safety involves quality of life and health of people.It is of great importance to strengthen food safety detection.Detection of food additives is an important part for ensuring food safety.In this article,application of modern analytical techniques in detection of food additives was reviewed,including the latest development of sample preparation and measuring method.
Research on Legal Rules and Regulations for Safeguarding the Land Rights of Rural Women

It is really obvious that rural women s land rights are being violated. Their loss of land rights can not only be ascribed to the traditional ideology and the bound of folk terms, but also can be ascribed to the lack of legal regulations established from the view of gender and the infeasibility of safeguarding measures. In order to protect rural women s land rights, we need to reconstruct ideas as well as regulations, provide legal approaches for rural women to protect their land rights, adjust folk terms effectively in the frame of legal standard, clarify the subject of land ownership, enhance the certainty of farmers' land ownership and gender sensitivity during the execution of legal articles, improve the creations and actual executions of legal regulations, and eliminate gender differences which may arise in the process of legislation.
Study on morphology characteristic of Klebsiella colony on the different culture medium

Objective:To observe morphology characteristics of Klebsiella on the different culture medium.Methods:Based on Klebsiella rendering adonitol fermentation,MacConkey medium(MACI) was developed.Then the coliform with similar biochemical features was inoculated onto different selective medium to observe morphology characteristics of Klebsiella.Results:Klebsiella produced unique red bacterial colony with 2 mm of diameter on MACI,which indicated that MACI possessed high selectivity and value for identification of Klebsiella strains.Conclusion:MACI can be used as separating culture medium for Klebsiella.
A hematopoietic perifollicular envelope in the rat spleen.

About the Malpighian follicles of several species of rodents, and especially prominent in rats, is a perifollicular envelope composed of hematopoietic cells that takes active part in hemolytopoietic changes. The identity of the mononuclear cell comprising the greater part of this tissue has not been positively determined; it is probably a young lymphocyte. It is possibly the homologue of the pale centers of the Malpighian follicles in man and other mammals, though it has been found in rabbit spleens which also have pale centers. It should be possible to determine this identity by the use of a greater variety of stains, and of test poisons, and, if possible, of dynamic methods such as tissue culture and moving pictures. The envelope is separated from the Malpighian follicle by a thin rind of collagenous connective tissue, but on its outer margin it merges gradually with the red pulp. It often contains a scattering of erythrocytes, normoblasts, polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and rarely eosinophils and pigment-bearing macrophages. Some of these cells were so greatly increased under the pathologic conditions first studied that colonization was suggested; they were later thought to have probably wandered in. The collar never contains megakaryocytes or sinuses or blood vessels of any noteworthy size.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Meat and Fish

A simple and rapid method was developed for quantitative determination of common tetracyclines, such as oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC), and chlortetracycline (CTC), in meat and fish. Tetracyclines were extracted with aqueous HCl, and then centrifuged. The supernate was applied to an Amberlite XAD-2 column, which was washed with water and eluted with methanol. The eluate was concentrated to about 0.5 mL under vacuum at 35 degrees C, and then measured by liquid chromatography and UV detection. Two analytical columns were used for confirmation. The average recoveries of OTC, TC, and CTC from meat and fish fortified at 1, 1, and 3 ppm were 82.6, 81.5, and 67.0% respectively.
A comparison of plaintiff and defense expert witness qualifications in malpractice litigation in anesthesiology.

BACKGROUND: Expert witnesses serve a crucial role in the medicolegal system, interpreting evidence so that it can be understood by jurors. Guidelines have been established by both the legal community and professional medical societies detailing the expectations of expert witnesses. The primary objective of this analysis was to evaluate the expertise of anesthesiologists testifying as expert witnesses in malpractice litigation. METHODS: The WestlawNext legal database was searched for cases over the last 5 years in which anesthesiologists served as expert witnesses. Internet searches were used to identify how long each witness had been in practice. Departmental websites, the Scopus database, and state medical licensing boards were used to measure scholarly impact (via the h-index) and determine whether the witness was a full-time faculty member in academia. RESULTS: Anesthesiologists testifying in 295 cases since 2008 averaged over 30 years of experience per person (mean ± SEM, defense, 33.4 ± 0.7, plaintiff, 33.1 ± 0.6, P = 0.76). Individual scholarly impact, as measured by h-index, was found to be lower among plaintiff experts (mean ± SEM, 4.8 ± 0.5) than their defendant counterparts (mean ± SEM, 8.1 ± 0.8; P = 0.02). A greater proportion of defense witnesses were involved in academic practice (65.7% vs 54.8%, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Anesthesiologists testifying for both sides are very experienced. Defense expert witnesses are more likely to have a higher scholarly impact and to practice in an academic setting. This indicates that defense expert witnesses may have greater expertise than plaintiff expert witnesses.
Chlorhexidine Bathing Effects on Health-Care-Associated Infections:

Background:Health-care-associated infections (HAIs), infections that patients contract during the course of their hospitalization, are receiving a growing amount of attention. Heavy skin bacterial colonization aids in the transmission and development of HAIs. Nurses frequently use bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) to reduce patients’ cutaneous microbial burden. This intervention has been shown to have promising but mixed results in the prevention of HAIs.Purpose:This article reviews the literature for evidence on the impact of CHG bathing on HAIs.Method:A literature search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed studies and meta-analyses that examined the impact of CHG bathing on HAIs using PubMed and CINAHL with the following search terms: CHG bathing AND healthcare associated infections, surgical site infections (SSIs), central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAP), catheter-associated urinary-tract infections (CAUTIs), and Clostridium difficil...
Searching for the holy grail: temporally informative firing patterns in the rat.

This chapter reviews our work from the past decade investigating cortical and striatal firing patterns in rats while they time intervals in the multi-seconds range. We have found that both cortical and striatal firing rates contain information that the rat can use to identify how much time has elapsed both from trial onset and from the onset of an active response state. I describe findings showing that the striatal neurons that are modulated by time are also modulated by overt behaviors, suggesting that time modulates the strength of motor coding in the striatum, rather than being represented as an abstract quantity in isolation. I also describe work showing that there are a variety of temporally informative activity patterns in pre-motor cortex, and argue that the heterogeneity of these patterns can enhance an organism’s temporal estimate. Finally, I describe recent behavioral work from my lab in which the simultaneous cueing of multiple durations leads to a scalar temporal expectation at an intermediate time, providing strong support for a monotonic representation of time.
Septo-Optic Dysplasia and Cortical Malformations

Three children with septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) and an associated malformation of cortical organization are reported from McGill University and the Montreal Children’s Hospital, Quebec, Canada.
Introduction to Clinical Research Informatics

This chapter provides essential definitions and overviews important ­constructs and methods within the emerging subdomain of clinical research ­informatics. The chapter also highlights theoretical and practical contributions from other disciplines. This chapter sets the tone and scope for the text, highlights ­important themes, and describes the content and organization of chapters.
Characterization of biomolecules using an aptamer-based graphene nanosensor

We present binding properties of biomolecules and their dependence on ionic strength and temperature using a microfluidic aptameric graphene field-effect transistor (FET) nanosensor. Aptamer-immobilized graphene is used to recognize target molecules, and the resulting changes in graphene conductance is measured to study the binding kinetics of biomolecules. Binding properties of aptamer-protein interactions at different ionic strength and temperature are investigated, yielding insight into the pharmacologic basis of biomolecular recognition.