cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Calanoides acutus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in Antarctic coastal waters

Abstract Observations of the population dynamics, distribution, abundance, feeding activity and egg production of Calanoides acutus were made in the period from mid-December 1986 to late March 1987. Spawning is presumed to have begun as early as October, since the population reached the copepodite I stage of development by early December. Egg production, which was not related to ambien chlorophyll concentrations in the range 4.4–18.5 μgI−1, ceased by mid-January. Feeding intensity of adult females, indicated by gut pigment content, was correlated with surface chlorophyll concentration. No evidence was found for diel periodicity in feeding. Younger copepodite stages (CI-CIII) were concentrated in the 0–100 m depth stratum, whereas later stage copepodites tended to be equally distributed throughout the upper 200 m. No evidence was found for diel vertical migration. All copepodite stages in the Gerlache Strait tended to be concentrated in the upper 100 m. Abundance of C. acutus was consistently greater in Gerlache Strait waters than elsewhere in the study area. The population attained overwintering copepodite stages CIV and CV by March. Downward ontogenetic migration of the overwintering stages occurred in the Drake Passage by late March, but was delayed in the relatively food-rich waters of the Gerlache Strait.
Molecular recognition and modification of the 30S ribosome by the aminoglycoside-resistance methyltransferase NpmA

Aminoglycosides are potent, broad spectrum, ribosome-targeting antibacterials whose clinical efficacy is seriously threatened by multiple resistance mechanisms. Here, we report the structural basis for 30S recognition by the novel plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside-resistance rRNA methyltransferase A (NpmA). These studies are supported by biochemical and functional assays that define the molecular features necessary for NpmA to catalyze m1A1408 modification and confer resistance. The requirement for the mature 30S as a substrate for NpmA is clearly explained by its recognition of four disparate 16S rRNA helices brought into proximity by 30S assembly. Our structure captures a “precatalytic state” in which multiple structural reorganizations orient functionally critical residues to flip A1408 from helix 44 and position it precisely in a remodeled active site for methylation. Our findings provide a new molecular framework for the activity of aminoglycoside-resistance rRNA methyltransferases that may serve as a functional paradigm for other modification enzymes acting late in 30S biogenesis.
Tricuspid Atresia: A Review of 68 Cases

Sixty-eight patients with tricuspid atresia were seen at Indium University during the past 30 years. Long term survivors treated without operation emerged from oar review. In these, there was a combination of tricuspid atresia and transposition of the great vessels.
Enhancing Power While Controlling Family-Wise Error: An Illustration of the Issues Using Electrocortical Studies

This study examined the relative family-wise error (FWE) rate and statistical power of multivariate permutation tests (MPTs), Bonferroni-adjusted alpha, and uncorrected-alpha tests of significance for bivariate associations. Although there are many previous applications of MPTs, this is the first to apply it to testing bivariate associations. Electrocortical studies were selected as an example class because the sample sizes that are typical of electrocortical studies published in 2001 and 2002 are small and their multiple significance tests are typically nonindependent. Because Bonferroni adjustments assume independent predictors, we expected that MPTs would be more powerful than the Bonferroni adjustment. Results support the following conclusions: (a) failure to control for multiple significance testing results in unacceptable FWE rates, (b) the FWE rate for the MPTs approximated the alpha set for the analyses, and (c) the statistical power advantage that MPTs provide over Bonferroni adjustments is important when using small sample sizes such as those that are typical of recent electrocortical studies.
The Heart In Renal Disease

As a result of recent advances in our understanding of the pathologic and functional disturbances of the heart in renal disease—that is, acute glomerulonephritis, acute renal failure and chronic renal disease—more rational and effective therapy has been developed. This progress has been reviewed.
Ca2+ chemotaxis in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Using a newly developed microfluidic chamber, we have demonstrated in vitro that Ca 2+ functions as a chemoattractant of aggregation-competent Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae, that parallel spatial gradients of cAMP and Ca 2+ are more effective than either alone, and that cAMP functions as a stronger chemoattractant than Ca 2+ . Effective Ca 2+ gradients are extremely steep compared with effective cAMP gradients. This presents a paradox because there is no indication to date that steep Ca 2+ gradients are generated in aggregation territories. However, given that Ca 2+ chemotaxis is co-acquired with cAMP chemotaxis during development, we speculate on the role that Ca 2+ chemotaxis might have and the possibility that steep, transient Ca 2+ gradients are generated during natural aggregation in the interstitial regions between cells.
Day care: Promoting collaboration between research and policymaking☆

Abstract An agenda for day care research that is tailored to current policy concerns is presented. Familiar developmental issues related to the quality of day care are recast within a policy perspective. Largely unexamined issues pertaining to the costs and supply of day care, the preventative role of day care services, economic and employment-related effects, links between day care and other settings that comprise children's environments, and alternative approaches to day care such as employer-sponsored care, are also identified. It is argued that these issues extend current conceptualizations of interdisciplinary and ecological research. By way of introduction, an overview of recent sociodemographic trends and changes in federal day care policy is provided. A discussion of emerging policy issues that could profit from input by child development research then serves as background to detailed suggestions for research that can advance the dual goals of informing day care policy-makers and contributing to developmental theory.
Mycotic aneurysm of the left main coronary artery producing acute coronary occlusion and purulent pericarditis.

A 64-year-old gentleman presented to the emergency department with a 2-day history of pleuritic chest pain that radiated to his left arm. Upon evaluation his EKG and cardiac enzymes were unremarkable and the pain was unrelieved with nitroglycerin. His white blood cell count was elevated to 18,000 and his erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high. Because of recurrent, yet atypical chest pain and fluctuating non-specific ECG changes over the next 24h, selective angiography was performed revealing diffuse yet only moderate coronary artery disease and an unusual 1cm aneurysm in the distal left main coronary artery (Fig. 1A). Akinesis of the free anterior wall of the left ventricle due to occlusion of a large ramus of the coronary artery was also noted, but reperfusion was not attempted because the occluded ramus was in close proximity to this large coronary aneurysm and there was no evidence of ongoing ischemia. One day later the patient had a fever with a maximum of 38.5°C, the only fever of his entire clinical course, which was asymptomatic and of short duration. Later that day he developed crushing substernal chest pain with acute anterior ST elevation and underwent emergent repeat cardiac catheterization. Total occlusion at the ostium of the left anterior descending coronary artery and additional moderate stenosis at the ostium of the left circumflex coronary artery
Career exploration and goal setting among managerial employees

Abstract This study examined career exploration and goal setting among 257 managers in a large communications company. High work role salience and the perceived availability of mobility opportunities were associated with extensive participation in career exploration. Moreover, managers who aspired to different positions in the organization engaged in more career exploration than managers who intended to remain in their current positions. Highly anxious managers were less likely to select a career goal and were less certain about the appropriateness of their goal than managers low in anxiety. Few gender differences were observed in the managers' exploration and goal-setting tendencies.
The effects of human serum fractions on phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocyte cultures

Abstract Fractions of normal human serum were obtained by ammonium sulfate or acetic acid precipitation, followed by DEAE-cellulose and molecular sieve chromatography. These fractions were shown to inhibit or enhance the human lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin P and concanavalin A as measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Inhibition was reproducibly observed when certain of the serum fractions were added to the lymphocyte cultures, even up to 24 hr after the mitogen was added. The main identifiable components of the mitogenesis inhibitory serum fractions were carbohydrate-containing α-glycoproteins. It is suggested that this type of inhibition results from an interaction of the mitogen and the glycoprotein which reduces the amount of mitogen available to stimulate blast transformation.
A variable-complexity approach to second-order reliability-based optimization

This paper outlines a new methodology for second-order reliability-based optimization (RBO). A variable-complexity (VC) approach is used to implement a computationally efficient VCRBO algorithm, which reduces the number of costly second-order reliability analyses by using a lower fidelity, scaled mean-value technique during the majority of the constraint assessments. Two numerical examples are presented, which provide a comparison of several standard RBO approaches with the proposed algorithm. The examples include both Gaussian and non-Gaussian uncertainty to introduce significant nonlinearities in the limit state functions (LSFs). The design spaces and LSFs for both examples are presented, along with a discussion of the computational cost associated with the different RBO approaches.
Use of Relationships Among Sires to Increase Accuracy of Sire Evaluation

Abstract Sire evaluation methods that invoke best linear unbiased prediction have not utilized information available from known relationships among sires. Principles for doing this have been known, but computations were too costly, involving the inverse of a large numerator relationship matrix. In a method for writing this inverse rapidly without computing the relationship matrix, all relationships can be used with little additional labor. Also records of female ancestors can be incorporated easily. Further, the number of equations for groups to account for genetic trend and for differences among subpopulations is reduced.
The Membrane- and Soluble-Protein Helix-Helix Interactome: Similar Geometry via Different Interactions

α Helices are a basic unit of protein secondary structure and therefore the interaction between helices is crucial to understanding tertiary and higher-order folds. Comparing subtle variations in the structural and sequence motifs between membrane and soluble proteins sheds light on the different constraints faced by each environment and elucidates the complex puzzle of membrane protein folding. Here, we demonstrate that membrane and water-soluble helix pairs share a small number of similar folds with various interhelical distances. The composition of the residues that pack at the interface between corresponding motifs shows that hydrophobic residues tend to be more enriched in the water-soluble class of structures and small residues in the transmembrane class. The latter group facilitates packing via sidechain- and backbone-mediated hydrogen bonds within the low-dielectric membrane milieu. The helix-helix interactome space, with its associated sequence preferences and accompanying hydrogen-bonding patterns, should be useful for engineering, prediction, and design of protein structure.
Modification of dysfunctional patterns of sexual response through autonomic arousal and false physiological feedback.

Effects of autonomic arousal and positive-false vaginal blood volume (VBV) feedback were examined to identify how cognitive and physiological mechanisms mediate sexual arousal, and can be modified to reverse dysfunctional processes. Sixty-four matched sexually dysfunctional women were randomly assigned to 4 conditions: autonomic arousal-evoking or neutral-control preexposure film stimulus paired with an erotic stimulus, and positive-false VBV feedback or no feedback. Results revealed the following: (a) general autonomic arousal enhanced genital arousal; false feedback increased ( b ) expectations of sexual arousal, (c) actual vasocongestive response, and (d) the subsequent experience of sexual arousal; (e) heightened expectations with false feedback were followed by an increase in actual genital response within 30 s, and (f) the combined effects of autonomic arousal and false feedback enhanced expectations and subsequent genital arousal to levels comparable with those of sexually functional women ( E. M. Palace & B. B. Gorzalka, 1990 ) within 3 min.
Some graphical methods for the analysis of mechanical and dielectric relaxation data

A fundamental characteristic of viscoelastic materials is that their mechanical properties are time dependent or, in the case of sinusoidal deformation, frequency dependent. Moreover, it is often the primary objective of an experiment to analyse this time or frequency dependence and fit it with a mathematical model having one or more parameters. A number of methods have been developed for this kind of analysis. They range from very simple techniques (1, 2) to more complicated computerized procedures (3). In this paper we will be concerned only with simple graphical methods. Such methods find their greatest application in the initial stages of an analysis where they can provide a quick and easy way to evaluate parameters as well as a visual indication of how reliable these evaluations are.
A STUDY OF BIAS IN TV COVERAGE OF THE VIETNAM WAR: 1969 AND 1970

B ecause television is the sole source of national and world news for many Americans, the "bias" of television news coverage of the Vietnam war is a question of tremendous national importance. Nielson ratings show that over 35 million TV sets are tuned to evening news shows each night. Polls conducted in 1959, 1961, 1963, 1964, and 1967 by Elmo Roper and Associates indicate not only that TV is the primary source of news for most Americans, but that it has widened its lead over the other media as being the most believable source. Not only is the power of television enormous, but the broadcast industry is oligopolistic: Viewers must choose among three networks, and in some cases only two. For all these reasons, the question whether TV news coverage is "biased" assumes tremendous significance, and claims of bias in reporting of the Vietnam war have been made by opponents as well as supporters of that war. It is beyond the scope of this study to determine what "fair" coverage actually is; this is a matter for normative judgment. What this study does attempt to measure is how successful and worthwhile the Nixon Administration's Vietnam policy was made to appear through TV coverage in the 1969 and 1970 national evening newscasts. The concept of "bias" is key to the study. It was defined as that quality of statements of opinion or of actual or supposed fact that would influence one to support or oppose a President or his policy. The veracity of a given statement is thus independent of its "bias" as defined above, and a neutral rating on the scale measuring bias (which will be discussed later) is not ipso facto desirable,
A New Index Number Formula

Several years ago (1965, 1967) I started working with price and quantity index numbers, advocated particularly by the Finnish econometrician Tornqvist (1936), whose log-changes are defined as $$ \sum\limits_{{i = 1}}^n {{{\bar{w}}_{{it}}}\;\log \frac{{{p_{{it}}}}}{{{p_{{i,t - 1}}}}}\;and\;\sum\limits_{{i = 1}}^n {{{\bar{w}}_{{it}}}} \;\log } \frac{{{q_{{it}}}}}{{{q_{{i,t - 1}}}}} $$ (1.1) where p 1 ,…,p n are prices of the n commodities, the q’s are quantities, \( m = \sum\nolimits_i \; {p_i}{q_i} \) is total expenditure, w i , = p i q i /m is total expenditure share of the i th commodity, while the subscripts t − 1 and t refer to two successive periods and $$ {\bar{w}_{{it}}} = \frac{1}{2}\left( {{w_{{it}}} + {w_{{i + t - 1}}}} \right) $$ (1.2) is the arithmetic average expenditure share of the i th commodity in the two successive periods. All logarithms are natural logarithms.
Cultural diversity and human development

Students of human development in ethnic-minority cultures must ascertain the culture's repertoire of competencies and the indigenous formulas by which those culturally diverse competencies are socialized. Cultural attitudes toward schooling differ if the observed cultural diversity is based on primary or secondary cultural differences.
Diminished Neuropeptide Levels Contribute to the Impaired Cutaneous Healing Response Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

Background. Patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy have significant risk of chronic ulcers. Insufficient nerve-derived mediators such as substance P (SP) may contribute to the impaired response to injury. Mutant diabetic mice (db/db), which develop neuropathy and have delayed healing, may provide a model to study the role of nerves in cutaneous injury.Methods. Skin from human chronic nonhealing ulcers and age-matched control skin was immunohistochemically evaluated for nerves. Nerve counts were also compared in murine diabetic (C57BL/KsJ-m+/+ Lepr(db); db/db) and nondiabetic (db/-) skin. Excisional wounds on the backs of db/db and db/- mice were grouped as: (a) untreated db/- mice; (b) untreated db/db mice; (c) db/db mice with polyethylene glycol (PEG); (d) db/db mice with PEG and SP 10(-9) M; or (e) db/db mice with PEG and SP 10(-6) M.Results. We demonstrated fewer nerves in the epidermis and papillary dermis of skin from human subjects with diabetes. Likewise, db/db murine skin had significantly fewer epidermal nerves than nondiabetic littermates. We confirmed increased healing times in db/db mice (51.7 days) compared to db/- littermates (19.8 days; P </= 0.001). SP 10(-6) M (44 days; P = 0.02) and SP 10(-9) M (45 days; P = 0.03) shortened time to closure compared to PEG treatment alone (68 days). Since there was no difference in the percentage contraction in these treatment groups, SP may favorably promote wound epithelization.Conclusions. Our data support the use of db/db murine excisional wounds to evaluate the role of nerves in healing. We have demonstrated that exogenous SP improves wound healing kinetics in an animal model.
Chlorine activation near the midlatitude tropopause

wave activity, high particulate surface areas (5–20 mm 2 cm �3 ), low ozone, and relatively high humidities (20–25 ppm of H2O, yet undersaturated with respect to ice), consistent with a heterogeneous mechanism on particles formed in recently lofted tropospheric air as it mixed into the lowermost stratosphere. These observations are similar to a previous one of chlorine activation on volcanic aerosol, suggesting a common heterogeneous chemical mechanism involving HCl, ClNO3, and HOCl that even in volcanically quiescent years can impact ozone photochemistry in regions of the lowermost stratosphere influenced by mixing from the tropopause region. Models not incorporating this chlorine activation process may be underestimating the impact on ozone in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere by decomposition of very short lived halocarbon compounds, including substitutes for ozone-depleting compounds.
Developmental physiology of Antarctic asteroids with different life-history modes

Rates of respiration and protein synthesis were measured during embryonic and larval development of Antarctic asteroids with different life-history modes (non-feeding and feeding larvae: Acodontaster hodgsoni, Porania antarctica, Odontaster meridionalis). Patterns of respiration for these species all show an increase during embryogenesis, with subsequent maintenance of routine respiration (“starvation resistance”), even in the absence of food for ~4 months (O. meridionalis). Fractional rates of protein synthesis (i.e., rate per unit mass of whole-body protein content) in the Antarctic larvae are essentially identical to those of temperate species. Larvae of O. meridionalis had an average fractional synthesis rate of 0.52% ± 0.05 h−1 at −1.0°C, which is comparable to the temperate asteroid Asterina miniata at 0.53% ± 0.14 h−1 at 15°C. For embryos of the asteroids A. hodgsoni and P. antarctica, fractional rates of protein synthesis (~0.2% h−1) also are comparable to those reported for embryos of temperate echinoderm species. While rates of synthesis are high, rates of protein deposition are relatively low (percent of protein synthesized that is retained for growth). During a ~4 month growth period for larvae of O. meridionalis, the average protein depositional efficiency was 5.2%. This contrasts with higher rates of depositional efficiency reported for similar developmental stages of temperate echinoderm species. The biological significance of maintaining high rates of macromolecular synthesis for species with low rates of cell division and low protein depositional efficiencies is intriguing in the context of understanding the mechanistic bases of extended life spans and dispersal potential in response to changing Antarctic environments.
Stereotactic radiosurgery alone to treat brain metastases.

Brain metastases are a challenge for the oncologist, with 20–40% of cancer patients developing intracranial metastases during the course of their illness. The incidence of brain metastases is increasing as a result of improvements in systemic therapy and imaging capabilities, and increased use of screening. Brain metastases pose not only a risk to mortality but also a risk of neurologic, cognitive and emotional difficulties.
Intracellular pH and chemoresponse to NH4+ in Paramecium

Paramecium are attracted to ammonium chloride solutions relative to sodium chloride control solutions, but little is known about the mechanisms by which attraction is evoked. A known effect of ammonium solutions in other cell types is an alteration of intracellular pH. We show here that intracellular pH is elevated upon initial exposure to 5 mM NH4Cl, but appears to decline within 10 minutes, both in wild type cells and in two mutants which do not show sustained attraction to NH4Cl using the standard behavioral assay, the T-maze. We also present quantitative values of swimming parameters that underlie the response to NH4Cl.
Theory of Optical Beating in Photoconductors (Phenomenological Modification of Semiclassical Treatment)

Recent laser experiments have shown that two coherent light waves of slightly different frequency, when simultaneously incident on a photodetector, produce a photosignal modulated at the beat frequency $\ensuremath{\Delta}f$. The theory of this photomixing process is developed by means of a modification of the usual semiclassical treatment of radiation. This modification takes into account the finite lifetime $\ensuremath{\tau}$ of excited electronic states in the quantum-mechanical equations of motion. The photosignal is found to be proportional to ${[1+4{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{2}{(\ensuremath{\Delta}f)}^{2}]}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$. This result suggests an experimental means of determining the lifetime by measuring the frequency response of the photosignal to the beat frequency. The theory compares favorably with experiments on $p$-type extrinsic gold-doped germanium.
The secrets of successful mergers: dispatches from the front lines

Merger activity will continue to gain momentum in 2004 and integration will remain a “hot topic” with senior executives. The authors have distilled the critical success factors underlying integrations that drive shareholder value. These success factors are brought to life through best practice examples, including: (1) synergies that make the merged company better able to increase revenues and gain market share than either company could on its own; (2) the importance of early, detailed planning in conjunction with clean teams, active senior management commitment and an “adopt‐and‐go” attitude; (3) a focus on growing the existing business, companies that apply the 80/20 rule – spend only 20 percent of the time on the merger – don’t lose sight of their business and customers; (4) communicating early and often to customers, employees, partners, investors and the media with a realistic assessment of the facts rather than being overly optimistic; and (5) envisioning the desired culture they are looking to create for the new entity and building the sense of community among employees of both organizations.
Some realities of data administration

Little information exists on the practice of data administration, i.e., the management of data as an enterprise resource. A survey of data administrators at predominantly large enterprises was conducted to determine the extent of the existence of data administration and to assess its effectiveness as implemented. New insight into the realities of data administration, including its real-world objectives and perceived effectiveness, is presented.
Avian acute leukemia virus MC29: conserved and variable RNA sequences and recombination with helper virus.

Abstract The RNAs and proteins of five laboratory strains of defective avian acute leukemia virus MC29, differing in passage history and in some cases in their helper viruses and oncogenic spectra, were investigated for genetic variation. Earlier work based on homology with nondefective viruses of the avian tumor virus group has distinguished in 5.7-kb (kilobase) MC29 RNA a 5′ group-specific section, an internal MC29-specific section, and a 3′ group-specific section, and has determined that 5′ and internal sections together are translated into a nonstructural, gag gene-related 110K (kilodaltons) protein. The RNAs of the five MC29 strains analyzed here shared 20 conserved T 1 -oligonucleotides and differed in specific sets selected from 10 variable oligonucleotides. Since some, but not all, variable and some conserved MC29-oligonucleotides were shared with helper viruses, and since the 5′ cap-oligonucleotides of MC29 RNA rescued from the same nonproducer cell varied with that of the helper virus RNA, it is concluded that genetic variation of MC29 includes recombination with helper virus. Oligonucleotide maps of the five MC29 RNAs located 8 variable oligonucleotides in their 3′ group-specific sections, only conserved oligonucleotides in their internal-specific section, and mostly conserved oligonucleotides in their 5′ group-specific section (except for variable 5′ cap-oligonucleotides and the lack of an internal oligonucleotide in one strain). The 110K proteins of the MC29 strains were electrophoretically indistinguishable, which is in accord with the conserved nature of their templates. The ratio of MC29 RNA to helper virus RNA in virions was found to reflect, by a constant, the ratio of 110K MC29 to helper viral proteins in transformed cells. MC29 RNA is proposed to consist of two genetic units: one made of the highly conserved 5′ and internal-specific RNA sections, which codes for the 110K protein and appears to serve a primary function in oncogenicity; the other made of the variable 3′ group-specific RNA sections which may affect oncogenicity indirectly.
Explaining state Medicaid nursing home reimbursement.

Abstract Medicaid nursing home reimbursement methods and per diem rates affect costs, quality, equity, and access. State rate-setting is a laboratory of policymaking, which can inform state and federal Medic-aid reform initiatives. This paper explains state Medicaid nursing facility rates in 1979-1994. Findings suggest that prospective facility-specific methods constrained rates in some but not all periods, particularly when older cost-reports were employed in rate-setting. Analysis failed to show that prospective class rate-setting methods constrained rate increases. Findings suggest that the efficacy of reimbursement methodology to control rates depends upon wider health care policy trends and that future facility-level analyses should consider policy contexts as between states.
EU agriculture: Reduced protection from exchange rate instability

In the past, the protection of agriculture in the EU from exchange rate instability was accomplished at the cost of confusing regulations, welfare losses and the discrimination of other sectors. Will the 1993 reform of the Agri-Monetary System, combined with wide 15% European Monetary System margins and the recent GATT agreement, lead to more efficiency in European agriculture?
School Leaders' Discursive Constructions of Low-Income and Minority Families Identities: A Marketplace Racism/Classism

Informed by Foucault's analytics of power, this critical discourse analysis focuses upon the discursive construction of minority and low-income family identities, primarily using text from interviews of Texas school leaders within the neoliberal context of No Child Left Behind (NCLB). Qualitative content analysis was used to discover whether the discourses of school leaders, through their construction of minority and low-income family identities, supported or countered ideologies of racism and/or classism. The analysis revealed that school leaders discourses both support and counter classism and racism. The themes of the dominant discourse were congruent with marketplace ideological presumptions of choice, individualism, meritocracy, and a level playing field. Induced by multiple power/knowledge relations, the dominant discourse of school leaders constructed deficit identities for low-income and minority families. There was also a counter discourse, drawing from a subordinated discourse of systemic inequi...
Shallow water hydroids of the Delaware Bay region

(1972). Shallow water hydroids of the Delaware Bay region. Journal of Natural History: Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 643-649.
Thermal in vivo skin electroporation pore development and charged macromolecule transdermal delivery: A numerical study of the influence of chemically enhanced lower lipid phase transition temperatures

Abstract Electroporation is an approach used to enhance transdermal transport of large molecules in which the skin is exposed to a series of electric pulses. Electroporation temporarily destabilizes the structure of the outer skin layer, the stratum corneum, by creating microscopic pores through which agents, which ordinarily are unable to pass into the skin, are able to pass through this outer barrier. Long duration electroporation pulses can cause localized temperature rises which result in thermotropic phase transitions within the lipid bilayer matrix of the stratum corneum. Chemical agents applied to the skin can reduce the lipid phase transition temperatures. This paper studies the benefits of the combination of the chemical enhancer, terpene d-limonene with low voltage electroporation pulses in order to further aid in electroporation pore development resulting from fluidization of the lipid structures within the stratum corneum. A transient finite volume model is developed in which the thermal and electrical behavior associated with electroporation of in vivo human skin is analyzed and lipid phase transition is represented by a melting process. The Nernst–Planck model is used to represent the electrophoretic-assisted transport of large charged molecules through the skin. The results show that the lower lipid phase transition temperatures associated with the topical application of chemical enhancers to the skin allow for increased solute delivery and solute penetration of the skin reaching radial locations much further than in the untreated case. Solute transport solutions of both cases exhibit local accumulation of concentrations below the stratum corneum – epidermis interface which exceed concentration values initially contained within the applicator gel.
Spectator theory of final-state spins in semileptonic decays of heavy flavored mesons

Abstract The spin structure of the semileptonic heavy-flavored-meson decays is analyzed in detail through Q q → Q ′ q + l +ν in the spectator model. The decay branching into the spin singlet and triplet states of Q ′ q , their energy spectra, and the energy dependence of the helicity of the triplet Q ′ q states have been computed relativistically. Through the argument of duality between the physical Q ′ q meson states and the Q ′ q continuum of the spectator model, the results of computation are transformed into the predictions on the corresponding quantities of the physical Q ′ q mesons in the semileptonic D-, B- and T-decays. It is predicted, for instance, that Γ( T → B ∗ (1 − )lν) is much larger than Γ(T→B(0−)lν), but still a small fraction of the total semileptonic decay rate.
Identification of the dominant electron deep trap in amorphous silicon from ESR and modulated photocurrent measurements : implications for defect models

Modulated photocurrent (MPC) measurements in intrinsic a-Si:H reveal a prominent band of electron traps with a thermal emission energy near 0.6 eV. We have identified this defect band by comparing MPC and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra for intrinsic and lightly n-type doped samples over a range of metastable states. These data directly show that the MPC band arises from the neutral charge state of the defects. This identification is also confirmed when the quasi-Fermi level is varied by the application of light bias. Such observations are totally inconsistent with a large population of charged defects in intrinsic samples predicted by recent versions of the defect pool model. Rather, our observations have a natural explanation in terms of a defect relaxation process.
On the monotonicity of the time-map

The equation Au(y) + @(u(y)) = 0 on the unit ball, with homogeneous linear boundary conditions has been much studied (cf. [ 1,2 and the references therein]). The change of variable x= ,l;i!: transforms this equation to Mx) +.A+)) = 0, 1x1 <R, (1.1) where R = fi. For radial solutions of this equation, lying in, say, the kth nodal class, R depends only on p = u(O), R = T(p). This function, which describes how the “size of the balls” on which radial solutions exist, vary with the quantity u(O), turns out to be an important function, determining much of the behavior of the solutions. Thus, if we consider (1.1) together with the boundary conditions cu(x) - /I du(x)/dn = 0, 1x1 = R
718-5 Differential Regulation of Phosphorylase Kinase in Failing Human Left Ventricular Myocardium

Congestive heart failure is characterized by a hyperadrenergic state and increased intracellular Ca++levels in failing human ventricular myocardium. Phosphorylase kinase is a key enzyme in the β-adrenergic pathway and is primarily regulated by cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase and calcium. In the case of phosphorylase kinase in failing human heart, an increase in β-ladrenergic drive and intracellular Ca++would be expected to increase the rate of glycogenolysis, leading to a depletion of glycogen. However, glycogen stores appear to increase in failing as compared to nonfailing human left ventricular myocardium (unpublished observations). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that in heart failure, the hyperadrenergic state results in differential regulation of phosphorylase kinase in failing human ventricular myocardium. An enzymatic assay of [γ-32p] ATP was used to measure the rate of incorporation of 32p into the endogenous substrate of phosphorylase kinase, phosphorylase b. We have shown that phosphorylase kinase in crude extracts from failing (IDC, n = 10) human left ventricular myocardium has a specific activity (nmol/min·mg) that is twofold higher than in nonfailing (n = 8) left ventricular myocardium (0.09 ± 0.016 vs. 0.22 ± 0.02 nmol/min.mg, p l 0.05*). Moreover, activation of the enzyme in failing heart upon binding an antibody raised to the N-terminal region of the catalytic subunit results in higher specific activities than nonfailing heart (0.40 ± 0.09 vs. 0.64 ± 0.16 nmol(min·mg, p l 0.05**), suggesting altered function within the regulatory subunits. These results support the hypothesis that in failing human heart, phosphorylase kinase is differentially regulated. Moreover, these results indicate that in failing myocardium, other downstream enzymatic processes in the glycogenolytic pathway may be affected, such as phosphorylase b to a conversion, which prevent appropriate glycogen turnover under the influence of increased adrenergic drive.
Understanding the College First-year Experience1

(2005). Understanding the College First-year Experience1. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 253-256.
A Potential New Gene (tccA) on IncP Plasmid RK2 and Transposon Tn1721:Relationship of Its Product to the TrwC Relaxase/Helicase of IncW Plasmid R388

Computational analysis of the fully sequenced 60-kb genome of broad-host-range IncP alpha plasmid RK2 revealed a previously unreported potential protein-coding sequence, an 80-codon open reading frame (tccA), located in the region between the vegetative origin of replication (oriV) and the tetR gene of the tetracycline resistance determinant. The coding region is also present in the transposon Tn1721 tet region, which is nearly identical to the tet region of RK2. Remarkably, the predicted polypeptide product of the coding region displays 56% identity and 72% similarity with the C-terminal domain of the TrwC relaxase/helicase protein of IncW plasmid R388.
Understanding weight stigmatization: a focus group study.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this research was to investigate, in a nonclinical sample of adults, thoughts on and experiences with weight stigmatization. Design Focus groups were used to collect information. Participants were recruited through a newspaper advertisement and flyers posted in public places in Minneapolis and St. Paul. During the focus groups, participants were led in a discussion about their thoughts on weight stigmatization and personal experiences of being treated differently or poorly because of their weight. Subjects Six gender-specific focus groups consisted of 31 adult volunteers (17 women and 14 men). Variable Measured Perceptions of weight-based stereotypes and weight stigmatization and personal reports of having been treated differently or poorly owing to weight were measured. Results Participants reported a variety of experiences of being treated differently or poorly because of their weight. These included teasing, harassment, slurs and insults, negative judgments and assumptions, and perceived discrimination. Participants reported that such experiences occurred at home, among friends and strangers, at work, and in health care settings. Women reported a greater number and a greater variety of negative experiences than men. Implications The results indicated that participants experienced weight-based stigmatization in many aspects of their lives. Awareness of these experiences may assist in the development of treatments for overweight individuals.
Serotonin and hippocampal neurogenesis

The dentate gyrus continues to produce new granule neurons well into adulthood. This has been demonstrated for many mammalian species, from rodents to primates. The proliferation of granule cell precursors can be suppressed by stressful experiences, presumably via adrenal steroids. Recent evidence suggests that serotonin can enhance the production of new neurons via activation of the 5HT1A receptor. These results present the possibility that the inhibitory effects of stress on granule cell production may be prevented by 5HT1A receptor agonists.
Gene-environment interaction of ApoE genotype and combat exposure on PTSD

Factors determining who develops PTSD following trauma are not well understood. The €4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene is associated with dementia and unfavorable outcome following brain insult. PTSD is also associated with dementia. Given evidence that psychological trauma adversely affects the brain, we hypothesized that the apoE genotype moderates effects of psychological trauma on PTSD pathogenesis. To investigate the moderation of the relationship between PTSD symptoms and combat exposure, we used 172 participants with combat trauma sustained during the Vietnam War. PTSD symptoms were the dependent variable and number of combat experiences, apoE genotype, and the combat experiences × apoE genotype interaction were predictors. We also examined the outcome of a diagnosis of PTSD (n = 39) versus no PTSD diagnosis (n = 131). The combat × apoE genotype interaction was significant for both PTSD symptoms (P = .014) and PTSD diagnosis (P = .009). ApoE genotype moderates the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms. Although the pathophysiology of PTSD is not well understood, the €4 allele is related to reduced resilience of the brain to insult. Our results are consistent with the €4 allele influencing the effects of psychological trauma on the brain, thereby affecting the risk of PTSD.
Endoscopic midface rejuvenation

Repositioning of the ptotic malar/orbicularis complex is one of the key components of a midface-lift. The authors address this complex through an endoscopic temporal approach. The dissection is multiplanar; it involves a subgaleal approach to the forehead, a subfascial approach to the temporal region, a subperiosteal approach along the zygomatic arch, and preperiosteal approach around the orbital rim and zygomatic body. The zygomatic cutaneous ligament is released over the origin of the zygomaticus major muscle. The malar/orbicularis complex is then free to be resuspended along a vertical vector. This is accomplished by suturing the free edge of the zygomatic cutaneous ligament to the lateral orbital rim and temporalis fascia. Redundancy in the temporal skin flap is eliminated by galeal anchorage to the temporalis muscle fascia along a superolateral vector without scalp excision. The technical details of this approach to the midface are presented in this article.
Are hepatocellular carcinoma patients more likely to receive liver resection in regions with longer transplant wait times

Abstract In areas with longer liver transplantation (LT) wait times, liver resection (LR) offers an appropriate alternative in selected patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We identified adults with HCC undergoing LT or LR from the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998–2008. United Network for Organ Sharing regions were assigned lower rank indicating shorter wait time for patients with Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores of 19–24 or ≥25. We used multivariate adjusted analysis to assess the odds of LR versus LT comparing patients by region. Of 4,516 patients, 40% received LT and 60% received LR. When ranked by wait times for MELD 19–24, the 3rd, 8th, and 11th ranked regions had decreased odds of LR versus LT (region 3: odds ratio [OR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.6; region 8: OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.9; region 5: OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.6), whereas the 10th ranked region had increased odds (region 1: OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.4) compared with the region with the shortest wait time, region 10. When ranked by wait times for MELD ≥25, all regions except the 10th ranked region (region 5) had increased odds compared with the region with the shortest wait time, region 3 (OR 1.6–5.6; P
Diagenetic history and geochemistry of the Beekmantown-Group dolomites (Sauk Sequence) of New York, USA

Petrographic investigation using a cathodoluminescent microscope and an electron microprobe for selected dolomite samples from the Beekmantown Group reveals six dolomite textures. These dolomite textures have been classified based on crystal sizes, shapes, uniformity and trace-element distribution. The textures are as follows: 1) unimodal, very finely crystalline, planar-e (euhedral) dolomite, 2) unimodal, very finely crystalline, planar-s (subhedral) dolomite, 3) medium to coarsely crystalline, planar-e (euhedral) dolomite, 4) coarsely crystalline, non-planar dolomite (non-saddle dolomite), 5) very coarsely crystalline, non-planar dolomite (saddle dolomite), and 6) polymodal dolomite.
Ageing: Mixed results for dieting monkeys

According to previous studies, a low-calorie diet provides health benefits and increases lifespan in mammals, including primates. Yet a long-term investigation in rhesus monkeys finds no effect on longevity. See Letter p.318 Restricting food intake has been shown to extend lifespan and improve health in various species. Here, the results of a 23-year study of caloric restriction in rhesus macaque monkeys are reported. When started at older ages, restricting caloric intake did not increase survival, but improved the metabolic profile of the monkeys. Young monkeys on a calorie-restricted diet showed a trend towards a delay in age-associated disease onset, but they, too, showed no increase in lifespan. Given that lifespan studies in humans are impractical, work with non-human primates is as near as we can get, and these results suggest that the effects of caloric restriction in long-lived animals are far from straightforward.
Energy deposition and heat transfer in a pulse-heated field emission tip at high repetition rates

Abstract This article explores the possibility of achieving high repetition rates for evaporation of atoms from a field emission tip. An investigation of the heat transfer process in a typical field emission tip is presented. Numerical integration using an alternate direction method and volume heating was used. The results indicate that the heat transfer process in a tip of a paraboloid shape can be approximated well to a one-dimensional conduction problem. The calculations show that a power density of at least 10 18 W/m 3 must be delivered into tip volumes on the order of 10 −20 m 3 in order to achieve 10 6 pulses per second with an evaporation pulse width of less than 1 ns. Monte Carlo calculations show that an electron beam will deposit a peak amount of energy on the order of 1–5 keV per electron for an incident energy in the range of 3–25 keV and the amount of deposited energy will decrease continuously with increasing incident energy.