cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Life-Extending Control of a Rocket Engine

ROCKET engine has a number of critical components that operate close to mechanical design limits. These components often typify behavior of the remaining components and hence are indicators of the effective service life of a reusable rocket engine. Fatigue damage in the turbine blades is one of the most serious causes for engine failure. This Note focuses on the conceptual development of a nonlinear life-extending control system for rocket engines via damage mitigation in both the fuel (H2) and oxidizer (O2) turbine blades. The fundamental concept of life-extending control (LEC) was introduced by Lorenzo and Merrill. 1 Subsequently, a growing body of literature has emerged for feedforward 2,3 and feedback 4 control of rocket engines for life extension. Whereas the LEC technology was developed initially for rocket engines, it has broad applications for other systems such as fossil-fueled power plants 5 and mechanical structures, 6 where both dynamic performance and structural durability are critical issues. ThedesignapproachpresentedinthisNoteisdifferentfrompreviousworkinthesensethatthisapproachallowsadaptationoftheLEC featuretoaugmentaconventionalperformancecontrollerofarocket engine. Unlike the previously reported design approaches, 2,3,5 the proposed technique does not require an optimal feedforward control sequence, which is sensitive to plant modeling uncertainties and variations in the initial conditions. Furthermore, for other control applications such as military aircraft, the life extension feature ofthecontrolsystemcanbeactivatedordeactivatedattheoperator’ s discretion.
A neural network integrated circuit supporting programmable exponent and mantissa

A neural network architecture is presented utilizing small (8-b) word sizes for data and weights while maintaining flexibility in the dynamic range achieved by using adjustable exponent and mantissa field. Design issues regarding tradeoff between small and large precision number systems are reviewed. Simulation results on network performance are included. In small precision systems (8-b), a fixed dynamic may limit the system capability. For certain applications it is desirable to have a flexible dynamic range implementable with a variable size of exponent and mantissa. >
Comparative reproduction of Varroa destructor in different types of Russian and Italian honey bee combs

Earlier studies showed that Russian honey bees support slow growth of varroa mite population. We studied whether or not comb type influenced varroa reproduction in both Russian and Italian honey bees, and whether Russian bees produced comb which inhibited varroa reproduction. The major differences found in this study concerned honey bee type. Overall, the Russian honey bees had lower (2.44 ± 0.18%) levels of varroa infestation than Italian honey bees (7.20 ± 0.60%). This decreased infestation resulted in part from a reduced number of viable female offspring per foundress in the Russian (0.85 ± 0.04 female) compared to the Italian (1.23 ± 0.04 females) honey bee colonies. In addition, there was an effect by the comb built by the Russian honey bee colonies that reduced varroa reproduction. When comparing combs having Russian or Italian colony origins, Russian honey bee colonies had more non-reproducing foundress mites and fewer viable female offspring in Russian honey bee comb. This difference did not occur in Italian colonies. The age of comb in this study had mixed effects. Older comb produced similar responses for six of the seven varroa infestation parameters measured. In colonies of Italian honey bees, the older comb (2001 dark) had fewer (1.13 ± 0.07 females) viable female offspring per foundress than were found in the 2002 new (1.21 ± 0.06 females) and 1980s new (1.36 ± 0.08 females) combs. This difference did not occur with Russian honey bee colonies where the number of viable female offspring was low in all three types of combs. This study suggests that honey bee type largely influences growth of varroa mite population in a colony.
Acute leukemia complicating bone marrow hypoplasia in an adult with Shwachman's syndrome

Shwachman's syndrome is a rare congenital disorder associated with neutropenia and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. We describe the development of acute myeloid leukemia in a 38-year-old patient with Shwachman's syndrome following three years of pancytopenia. After chemotherapy the leukemic clone was eradicated, however, the patient's bone-marrow hypoplasia persisted beyond 180 days with neutropenia that responded to administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Despite the patient's low erythropoietin levels, administration of erythropoietin did not improve his hemoglobin. We review previously reported cases of leukemia complicating Shwachman's syndrome with emphasis on the persistent risk of complications in patients with congenital bone-marrow failure syndromes.
Radiosurgery in the initial management of malignant gliomas: Survival comparison with the RTOG recursive partitioning analysis

Purpose : To evaluate the impact of stereotactic radiosurgery on the survival of patients treated with malignant gliomas. Methods and Materials : A total of 115 patients from three institutions (75 from the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, 30 from the University of Wisconsin, and 10 from the University of Florida) were treated with a combination of surgery, external beam radiation therapy, and linac-based radiosurgery as part of similar institutional protocols from March 1988 through July 1993. Patients were stratified into six prognostic classes (classes 1-6) based on the recursive partitioning analysis of multiple prognostic factors previously reported by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Results : The actuarial 2-year and median survival for all patients analyzed was 45% and 96 weeks, respectively. In comparison to the results from a previously published analysis of 1578 patients entered on three Radiation Therapy Oncology Group external beam radiotherapy protocols from 1974 to 1989, those patients treated with radiosurgery had a significantly improved 2-year and median survival (p = 0.01) corresponding with a standardized mortality risk ratio of 0.51 [95% confidence interval (CI) : 0.31, 0.85]. This improvement in survival was seen predominantly for the worse prognostic classes (classes 3-6). The 2-year survival for the radiosurgical patients compared with the previously reported patients was 81% vs. 76% for classes 1/2, 75% vs. 35% for class 3, 34% vs. 15% for class 4, and 21% vs. 6% for classes 5/6, respectively. Although Karnofsky performance status and prognostic class were significant on univariate analysis, only the Karnofsky score was a significant predictor of outcome on multivariate analysis. Median and 2-year survival for patients with a Karnofsky score ≥ 70 was 106 weeks and 51%, respectively, as compared to 38 weeks and 0% for patients with a Karnofsky score < 70% (p = 0.001). Conclusions : The addition of radiosurgery to conventional treatment (surgery and external beam radiotherapy) of malignant gliomas appears to improve survival when compared to historical reports. These results should be interpreted with caution because the recursive partitioning model does not completely predict the prognosis of the patients treated in the present study. Although this study suggests that radiosurgery may prolong survival in patients with malignant gliomas, the role of radiosurgery in the management of these patients remains to be defined by a prospective randomized trial.
Adrenal Steroid Receptor Activation in Rat Brain and Pituitary Following Dexamethasone: Implications for the Dexamethasone Suppression Test

The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) has been used extensively to evaluate feedback inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by adrenal steroids. Nevertheless, it remains unclear at what level of the HPA axis and through which adrenal steroid receptor subtype dexamethasone exerts its inhibitory effect. Because adrenal steroid receptor activation is an important prerequisite for dexamethasone to affect cellular function, HPA axis tissues that exhibit evidence of receptor activation following dexamethasone administration are likely site(s) of action for this synthetic hormone to inhibit HPA axis activity. Therefore, type-I and type-II adrenal steroid receptor activation was assessed in the pituitary, hypothalamus, and hippocampus of intact and adrenalectomized rats after overnight exposure to various oral doses of dexamethasone. Results with dexamethasone were compared to similar studies using corticosterone, the endogenous glucocorticoid of the rat. All dexamethasone doses led to significant type-II receptor activation in the pituitary, whereas only an exceedingly high dexamethasone dose activated type-II receptors in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. Dexamethasone had little effect on type I receptors in any tissue at any dose. In contrast, corticosterone significantly activated type-I receptors in all tissues, whereas it activated type-II receptors in the brain and not the pituitary at physiological concentrations. Because dexamethasone activated pituitary type-II receptors at blood concentrations that did not activate type-II receptors in the brain, these results suggest that the DST in humans may primarily be a measure of type-II adrenal steroid receptor feedback inhibition at the level of the pituitary.
Mutations in THAP1 (DYT6) in early-onset dystonia: a genetic screening study

Summary Background Mutations in THAP1 were recently identified as the cause of DYT6 primary dystonia; a founder mutation was detected in Amish–Mennonite families, and a different mutation was identified in another family of European descent. To assess more broadly the role of this gene, we screened for mutations in families that included one family member who had early-onset, non-focal primary dystonia. Methods We identified 36 non- DYT1 multiplex families in which at least one person had non-focal involvement at an age of onset that was younger than 22 years. All three coding exons of THAP1 were sequenced, and the clinical features of individuals with mutations were compared with those of individuals who were negative for mutations in THAP1 . Genotype–phenotype differences were also assessed. Findings Of 36 families, nine (25%) had members with mutations in THAP1 , and most were of German, Irish, or Italian ancestry. One family had the Amish–Mennonite founder mutation, whereas the other eight families each had novel, potentially truncating or missense mutations. The clinical features of the families with mutations conformed to the previously described DYT6 phenotype; however, age at onset was extended from 38 years to 49 years. Compared with non-carriers, mutation carriers were younger at onset and their dystonia was more likely to begin in brachial, rather than cervical, muscles, become generalised, and include speech involvement. Genotype–phenotype differences were not found. Interpretation Mutations in THAP1 underlie a substantial proportion of early-onset primary dystonia in non- DYT1 families. The clinical features that are characteristic of affected individuals who have mutations in THAP1 include limb and cranial muscle involvement, and speech is often affected. Funding Dystonia Medical Research Foundation; Bachmann–Strauss Dystonia and Parkinson Foundation; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Aaron Aronov Family Foundation.
The Role of Histocompatibilty Antigens in Clinical Transplantation

Controversy surrounding the influence of HLA-A and -B matching in clinical kidney transplantation has not abated since its inception. Clearly, the excellent graft survival of HLA-identical siblings seemed to underline the efficacy of histocompatibility testing. However, HLA-A and -B matching in unrelated donor-recipient pairs, particularly in heterogeneous populations, has not been as successful as anticipated. HLA-D matching, as evidenced by mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC), has proven to be an excellent indication of graft survival especially in living-related situations. Recent developments, i.e., DRw typing and the beneficial effects of blood transfusions, appear to offer evidence of even better graft survival. In this chapter, we will relate our experience with donor-recipient matching in renal transplants and attempt to place our results in some perspective with evidence from other centers.
The Effects of Age-of-Acquisition on Ambiguity Resolution: Evidence from Eye Movements

Words that are rated as acquired earlier in life receive shorter fixation durations than later acquired words, even when word frequency is adequately controlled (Juhasz & Rayner, 2003; 2006). Some theories posit that age-of-acquisition (AoA) affects the semantic representation of words (e.g., Steyvers & Tenenbaum, 2005), while others suggest that AoA should have an influence at multiple levels in the mental lexicon (e.g. Ellis & Lambon Ralph, 2000). In past studies, early and late AoA words have differed from each other in orthography, phonology, and meaning, making it difficult to localize the influence of AoA. Two experiments are reported which examined the locus of AoA effects in reading. Both experiments used balanced ambiguous words which have two equally-frequent meanings acquired at different times (e.g. pot, tick). In Experiment 1, sentence context supporting either the early- or late-acquired meaning was presented prior to the ambiguous word; in Experiment 2, disambiguating context was presented after the ambiguous word. When prior context disambiguated the ambiguous word, meaning AoA influenced the processing of the target word. However, when disambiguating sentence context followed the ambiguous word, meaning frequency was the more important variable and no effect of meaning AoA was observed. These results, when combined with the past results of Juhasz and Rayner (2003; 2006) suggest that AoA influences access to multiple levels of representation in the mental lexicon. The results also have implications for theories of lexical ambiguity resolution, as they suggest that variables other than meaning frequency and context can influence resolution of noun-noun ambiguities.
Separation by Electrosorption of Organic Compounds in a Flow‐Through Porous Electrode II . Experimental Validation of Model

The use of potential‐dependent adsorption to separate an organic compound from solution was demonstrated experimentally. Isotherms for the adsorption of β‐naphthol on glassy carbon were obtained over a range of potential of 1.0V. Adsorption of β‐naphthol, in dilute concentration, from aqueous electrolytic solution was also carried out in a flow‐through porous electrode consisting of nonporous microspheres of glassy carbon. A counterelectrode was located downstream and the potential was controlled at the end of the porous electrode nearest to the counterelectrode. Analysis of measurements of the transient potential distribution along the length of the porous electrode and of the current showed that each arose from charging of the electrical double layer. Profiles of effluent adsorbate concentration during both adsorption and desorption confirmed a theoretical model of electrosorption in a flow‐through porous electrode. Cyclic electrosorption was experimentally demonstrated.
Imaging of the diabetic foot. Emphasis on nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging

Diabetes mellitus affects approximately 5% of the population in the United States. In the United States alone, as many as 50,000 amputations are performed each year for vascular insufficiency or osteomyelitis in diabetic patients. In each case, foot disease is multifactorial.
Studies on the sex difference in toxicity of a cholinergic phosphorothioate.

SummaryMeasurements of the acute toxicity of DMP, a new cholinergic phosphorothioate, demonstrated that it has a high toxicity to female rats, male and female mice and male guinea pigs as evidenced by intraperitoneal LD50 values ranging from 22 to 35 mg/kg. An exception was noted in the case of male rats to which the intraperitoneal LD50 was 200 mg/kg. DMP inhibits cholinesterase activity of brain and peripheral tissues in vivo. The LD50 of the oxygen analogue of DMP was 5.8 mg/kg to male rats and there was no sex difference in susceptibility. The 10-fold resistance of male rats to the toxicity of DMP was absent at 2 days after partial hepatectomy. At 14 days after partial hepatectomy males regained their resistance unless they were castrated before hepatectomy. Injection of testosterone caused redevelopment of resistance in hepatectomized, castrated rats. The results of these experiments indicate that some system in the liver is responsible for the resistance of male rats to DMP and that androgens govern...
Predictive Structure–Reactivity Models for Rapid Screening of Pt-Based Multimetallic Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Due to the immense phase space of potential alloy catalysts, any rigorous screening for optimal alloys requires simple and accurate predictive structure–reactivity relationships. Herein, we have developed a model that allows us to accurately predict variations in adsorption energy on alloy surfaces based on easily accessible physical characteristics of the metal elements that form the alloy—mainly their electronegativity, atomic radius, and the spatial extent of valence orbitals. We have developed a scheme relating the geometric structure and local chemical environment of active Pt sites to the local chemical reactivity of the sites in the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The accuracy of the model was verified with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The model allows us to screen through large libraries of Pt alloys and identify many potentially promising ORR alloy catalysts. Some of these materials have previously been tested experimentally and shown improved performance compare...
Structural Characterization of a Copper Nitrosyl Complex with a {CuNO}10 Configuration

The synthesis and characterization of a {CuNO}(10) complex, namely, [Cu(CH(3)NO(2))(5)(NO)][PF(6)](2), has been achieved by the addition of [NO][PF(6)] to copper metal powder in the presence of nitromethane. In the solid state, this complex exhibits a bent Cu-N-O moiety [Cu-N-O = 121.0(3)°] and a long Cu-N bond. This complex readily reacts with mesitylene to form [mesitylene, NO][PF(6)] and [Cu(η(2)-1,3,5-Me(3)C(6)H(3))(2)][PF(6)] by transfer of NO(+) to the mesitylene ring.
Does "Compulsory Volunteering" Affect Subsequent Behavior? Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Canada.

ABSTRACTThis paper estimates the impact of ‘compulsory volunteerism’ for adolescents on subsequent volunteer behavior exploiting the introduction of a mandatory community service program for high school (HS) students in Ontario, Canada. We use difference-in-differences approach with a large longitudinal dataset. Our estimates show that the policy crowded out volunteering of those who were not directly affected by the policy. More importantly, we find no evidence that ‘compulsory volunteerism’ increased altruism: while the policy increased volunteer participation during HS, those mandated by the policy volunteered less than they otherwise would have been expected to after HS completion.
Instantaneous performance bug detection in IDE

Software performance has a vital impact on user experience. However, many software applications suffer from performance bugs that cause significant perfomance degradation, resource waste and poor user experience. Performance bugs exist widely in released software. For example, Mozilla developers has fixed 5-60 performance bugs reported by users every month over the past ten years [2]. The prevalence of performance bugs is inevitable because modern compilers are ill-equipped to deal with performance bugs that cross many procedure and abstraction boundaries. Worse still, performance bugs are costly to detect due to their non-fail-stop symptoms such as application crashes. Experts may make several months of e.orts to find out a couple of performance bugs that cause a software application a few hundred-millisecond delay [10].
Dynamic and developmental issues in borderline and related "spectrum" disorders.

Reactive and schizoaffective syndromes, primary affective disorder, paranoid (psychotic) disorders, borderline personality disorders, and narcissistic personalities have in common a number of developmental and psychodynamic features which are expressions of failure of separation-individuation. Recent and current literature supports the concept of two subspectra, the subspectrum of psychotic disorders and the subspectrum of personality or characterologic disorders, the latter comprising an array of syndromes, the common developmental psychodynamics of which center on partial self-object differentiation; these are here subsumed under the borderline rubric. Patients with spectrum disorders have remained to variable degrees symbiotic, and the degree of psychopathology relates to the degree of self-object differentiation.
Collecting, Preserving, and Culturing Invertebrates

Abstract Aquatic invertebrates are collected for various reasons, including fishing bait, human use (such as crayfish for etouffee, or mussels for pearls and buttons), scientific studies, and educational purposes. In past decades there have been an increasing number of programs sampling aquatic invertebrates as part of environmental baseline and impact analyses, particularly as relates to water quality. These programs have been implemented mostly in North America, Europe, and Australia, with new programs emerging in other parts of the world. Typically these programs (biological monitoring, or bioassessment) have specific field survey and sample collecting protocols that are designed to collect data to find answers to specific ecological questions.
PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling regulates ATG14 and autophagy.

Autophagy is a regulated self-digestion pathway with fundamental roles in cell homeostasis and diseases. Autophagy is regulated by coordinated actions of a series of autophagy-related (ATG) proteins. The Barkor/ATG14(L)–VPS34 (a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) complex and its product phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] play key roles in autophagy initiation. ATG14 contains a C-terminal Barkor/ATG14(L) autophagosome-targeting sequence (BATS) domain that senses the curvature of PtdIns(3)P-containing membrane. The BATS domain also strongly binds PtdIns(4,5)P2, but the functional significance has been unclear. Here we show that ATG14 specifically interacts with type Iγ PIP kinase isoform 5 (PIPKIγi5), an enzyme that generates PtdIns(4,5)P2 in mammalian cells. Autophagosomes have associated PIPKIγi5 and PtdIns(4,5)P2 that are colocalized with late endosomes and the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdIns(4,5)P2 generation at these sites requires PIPKIγi5. Loss of PIPKIγi5 results in a loss of ATG14, UV irradiation resistance-associated gene, and Beclin 1 and a block of autophagy. PtdIns(4,5)P2 binding to the ATG14–BATS domain regulates ATG14 interaction with VPS34 and Beclin 1, and thus plays a key role in ATG14 complex assembly and autophagy initiation. This study identifies an unexpected role for PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling in the regulation of ATG14 complex and autophagy.
Relapse of Acute Leukemia After Marrow Transplantation

Table 6 of the manuscript by Mortimer et al published in the January issue (J Clin Oncol 7:50–57, 1989) contained several errors. It is reprinted here correctly in its entirety. Please see the PDF for Table.
A modified approach for elbow arthroscopy using an adjustable arm holder

Position shifting from elbow arthroscopy to open surgery could complicate the surgical procedures; patient safety and risks of contamination are of concern. The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess the safety and efficacy of elbow arthroscopy in 32 elbows of 32 patients using a modified arm holder to facilitate subsequent open surgery in supine position. We performed a retrospective study in arthroscopy of the elbow performed with patients in the supine position under general or regional anesthesia. Arthroscopic indications were intraarticular lesions with or without second disorders. The operated arm was securely supported using an adjustable arm holder, which allowed a second surgical procedure without repositioning the patient. We recorded arthroscopic findings, clinical outcome, and complications for all patients. The average duration of follow-up was 17.1 months. Functional assessment was based on the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. All patients had either good or excellent results with a mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score of 89.2 ± 7.2. Final motion arc averaged 113.3 ± 11.8; residual motion limitation was noted in 2 patients with preoperative ankylosis. No complications were observed immediately after surgery or during follow-up except transient paresthesia along medial cutaneous nerve in 2 patients. A total of 17 patients (53.1%) underwent other surgeries (19 procedures) after arthroscopy; 16 of these surgeries were open elbow procedures including ligament repair (7), ligament reconstruction (5), and ulnar nerve transposition (4). The average time for arthroscopy was 45.2 min; the time interval between the end of arthroscopy and the start of the second surgery procedure averaged 6.5 min. Arthroscopy of the elbow using an adjustable arm holder with the patients in the supine position was safe and efficacious. This procedure eliminates the need for repositioning the patient and thus may facilitate subsequent concomitant surgical procedures.
Abstract 659: Curcumin Ameliorates Cardiac Dysfunction in the Ovariectomized Diabetic mRen2.Lewis Rat by Inhibiting Renin Angiotensin System

Diabetes is a well-recognized independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease in women. Moreover, hypertension and loss of estrogen are additional complicating factors to diabetic heart disease. Curcumin, an active compound in the widely used spice turmeric, exerts therapeutic potential in diabetes mellitus; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of curcumin to ameliorate early cardiac dysfunction in insulin- and estrogen-depleted hypertensive mRen2.Lewis rats by altering the renin angiotensin system as one of the major contributors to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed at 10 weeks of age and diabetes (D) subsequently induced at 11 weeks with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Only animals that showed hyperglycemia greater than 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic. OVX-D rats were given curcumin at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day (OVX-D & CUR; n=7) or vehicle (OVX-D & VEH; n=8) by gastric gavage starting two days after streptozotocin injection. Intact non-diabetic mRen2.Lewis rats served as controls (C; n=9). After four weeks, concomitant insulin and estrogen depletion induced systolic and diastolic dysfunction, indicated by decreased fractional shortening (FS; C: 60.0 ± 1.5 vs OVX-D & VEH: 43.7 ± 2.2 %; p 0.05) but attenuated cardiac systolic (FS: 53 ± 3%, p 0.05). In conclusion, the present study suggests that curcumin treatment, in a blood pressure independent manner, may ameliorate early cardiac dysfunction in estrogen- and insulin-depleted mRen2.Lewis rats by reducing Ang II signaling pathway.
Cytomegalovirus resistance in CD34+ -selected hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia after CD34+ -selected hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) often requires prolonged antiviral therapy. We report rates and outcomes of resistant CMV in a contemporary cohort of CD34+ -selected HCT recipients managed preemptively. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 220 consecutive, CMV-seropositive recipients (R+), who received CD34+ -selected HCT at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center between June 2010 and December 2014. Patients were monitored by quantitative CMV PCR and were treated preemptively. CMV resistance was tested by a genotypic assay. Results One hundred and sixty-one (73%) patients developed CMV viremia and 47 (29% of viremic and 21% of total patients) had CMV resistance testing by one-year from HCT. CMV resistance was confirmed in 19 (12% of viremic and 9% of total) patients and was identified >3 months from HCT in 90% of patients. Twelve patients had mutations in UL97 only; the remaining 7 patients had mutations in UL54 only or UL54 and UL97. By 1 year from HCT, 11 of 19 (58%) patients with mutations had CMV end-organ disease. CMV-related mortality in patients with resistance was 42%. Conclusions Nine percent of CMV R+, CD34+ -selected HCT recipients had resistant CMV by 1 year from HCT. Of 19 patients with resistant CMV, 58% had CMV end-organ disease and 42% died of CMV. Effective strategies for CMV prevention and restoration of CMV immunity are needed for CD34+ -selected HCT.
G74 From doorway to discharge: a multi-disciplinary quality improvement innovation to improve the camhs patient journey

Background Mental health problems are increasingly common among children and young people (CYP) with 1 in 8 reporting symptoms. 1 Our service experienced 3 presentations per week within 2016 which further increased by 60% this year. From doorway to discharge each patient will see 7 different healthcare professionals. This may result in frustration at perceived lack of communication between staff, lack of knowledge 2 and need to repeat their story. Aims Create a multi-disciplinary mental health pro-forma for CYP presenting to hospital with mental health difficulties. Assist staff to complete appropriate, informed assessments. Improve patient experience by reducing need for story repetition. Methods Plan: 2 independent retrospective case-note analyses of 27 presentations to the Emergency Department (ED) over a 4 month period of patients aged between 14 and 15, and 24 admissions to the ward over a 3 month period of patients aged under 16. Do: Implemented a pro-forma encompassing the patient journey including key aspects identified for improvement from data analysis; risk assessment, safeguarding, physical and mental state examination (MSE). Study : Second data-analysis followed a 6 week pilot period. A further retrospective case-note analysis of 19 admissions to the ward via the ED. Results Within ED there was improvement regarding risk assessment (92.9% vs 10%), safeguarding (100% vs 52.9%) and MSE (92.9% vs 51.9%). Ward data demonstrated a lack of engagement with the pro-forma, no change to those fully completing risk assessment (0%) and deterioration in MSE (57% vs 35.7%) and physical examination (70% vs 57.1%). Discussion and future direction The mental health pro-forma resulted in clear improvement in outcomes within ED assessments across many aspects. These improvements may be replicated on the wards by increasing staff engagement with the pro-forma. Suggestions to achieve this aim, as well as other improvements, make up the ‘act’ aspect of our PDSA cycle: Abstract G74 Figure 1 Page 1 and 2 of the paediatric mental health admission document Multi-disciplinary education on mental health presentations and use of pro-forma. Pro-forma colour coding according to discipline for clearer access. Patient experience analysis. Further data analysis is planned for early 2018.
Proving Conditional Termination for Smart Contracts

Termination of smart contracts is crucial for any blockchain system's security and consistency, especially for those supporting Turing-complete smart contract languages. Resource-constrained blockchain systems, like Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric, could prevent smart contracts from terminating properly when the pre-allocated resources are not sufficient. The Zen system utilizes the dependent type system of the programming language F* to prove the termination of smart contracts for all inputs during compilation time. Since the smart contract execution usually depends on the current blockchain state and user inputs, this approach is not always successful. In this work, we propose a lazy approach by statically proving conditional termination and non-termination of a smart contract to determine input conditions under which the contract terminates or not. Prior to the execution of the smart contract, the proof-carrying blockchain system will check that its current state and the contract's input satisfy the termination conditions in order to determine if the contract is qualified (i.e., eventually terminating) to run on the chain.
Lesbian Desire and Related Matters in Carmen Laforet's Nada

Sexual repression is a constant theme in Nada (1945), and in the absence of any sort of traditional plot, Carmen Laforet's characters seem to be searching to define themselves socially and sexually in an atmosphere characterized by disorder. While scholars have emphasized both Laforet's use of an ambiguously constructed discourse and the overall tone of sexual repression in the novel's characters, aside from the obvious heterosexual tensions of the novel, there exists in Nada a series of exceptionally suggestive homoerotic undercurrents that have remained largely unexamined. An important question has remained unanswered: What is the function of the undeniably homoerotic undercurrents of the novel, particularly insofar as Andrea's physical obsession with Gloria and her complex, deeply affectionate relationship with her friend Ena? Through an analysis of both the highly charged female relationships and episodes of homoerotic desire and the contrasting instances of Andrea's indifference, repulsion, and fear of heterosexual relationships with men, it is the purpose of the present study to attempt to show that homosocial desire is encoded in the social structures detailed in the novel, and that same-sex friendship serves as a socially acceptable device through which Andrea can derive emotional fulfillment independent of traditional heterosexual social constructs.
Covalent Polyamine-Protein Conjugates: Analysis and Distribution

Most suggestions as to the biological functions of the polyamines, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are based on the observed noncovalent binding of these polycations to nucleic acids, proteins, and phospholipids.1–3 It was recently shown that polyamines are also present in mammalian tissues and body fluids in covalent association with proteins. Protein modifications in which structural elements of polyamines are involved occur by two pathways. In one of these the amino acid hypusine [Ne-(4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine] is formed through transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the e-amino group of a protein lysine residue and through subsequent hydroxylation.4 In the other polyamines are attached in covalent amide linkage to the γ-carboxyl groups of protein glutamic acid residues. Conjugation of the amines in this manner is catalyzed by transglutaminases, Ca2+ -dependent enzymes which promote exchange of primary amines for ammonia at the carboxamide groups of certain glutaminyl residues.5, 6 A number of transglutaminases have been identified and they are found widely distributed in mammalian cells and in biological fluids.7, 8 These enzymes are responsible for production of e-(γ-glutamyl)lysine crosslinks that connect protein chains and play a central role in such extracellular events as fibrin clot stabilization and seminal plug formation.7, 8
Modeling challenges for predicting hydrologic response to degrading permafrost

The fate of the approximately 1,700 billion metric tons of carbon (Tarnocai et al. 2009) currently frozen in permafrost affected regions of the Arctic and subarctic is highly uncertain (IPCC 2007), primarily because of the potential for topographic evolution and resulting drainage network reorganization as permafrost degrades and massive ground ice contained in ice-rich permafrost soils melts. Computer modeling is a key tool in untangling these complex feedbacks to understand the evolution of the Arctic and subarctic landscapes and the potential feedbacks with the global climate system. Some of the challenges associated with modeling the hydrologic system in and around degrading permafrost are discussed in this essay. Modeling requirements depend very strongly on the spatial resolution of the model. Two different classes can be identified, depending on whether microtopography is explicitly resolved or incorporated into the model through a subgrid parameterization. The focus here is on the computational challenges associated with microtopography-resolving models using hydrologic response of polygon mires as an example. In such microtopography-resolving models, horizontal grid spacing on the order of 0.25mwould typically be required. Although highand low-centered ice wedge polygons have been identified as important controls on Arctic surface hydrology (e.g. Liljedahl et al. 2012) and evolution from lowto highcentered polygon landscapes is expected as Arctic temperatures increase (Jorgenson et al. 2006), as far as we are aware, there is no existing computer code that represents the full range of processes required to model the co-evolution of surface topography, active layer, and permafrost at the microtopography-resolving scale. For microtopography-resolving models of hydrology in permafrost landscapes, it is convenient to partition the large number of coupled processes into four critical sets: subsurface thermal/hydrology, surface thermal processes, mechanical deformation, and overland flow processes. However, it is important to recognize that the partitioning is somewhat arbitrary and that multiple tightly coupled processes exist within each set.
Brain Imaging Correlates of Anhedonia

In this chapter we will review the structural and functional neuroimaging correlates of anhedonia.
Diphenylalanine Peptide Nanotube Energy Harvesters

Piezoelectric materials are excellent generators of clean energy, as they can harvest the ubiquitous vibrational and mechanical forces. We developed large-scale unidirectionally polarized, aligned diphenylalanine (FF) nanotubes and fabricated peptide-based piezoelectric energy harvesters. We first used the meniscus-driven self-assembly process to fabricate horizontally aligned FF nanotubes. The FF nanotubes exhibit piezoelectric properties as well as unidirectional polarization. In addition, the asymmetric shapes of the self-assembled FF nanotubes enable them to effectively translate external axial forces into shear deformation to generate electrical energy. The fabricated peptide-based piezoelectric energy harvesters can generate voltage, current, and power of up to 2.8 V, 37.4 nA, and 8.2 nW, respectively, with 42 N of force, and can power multiple liquid-crystal display panels. These peptide-based energy-harvesting materials will provide a compatible energy source for biomedical applications in the future.
Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Incident Atrial Fibrillation (from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke [REGARDS] Study)

We examined whether the sex differences in atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to difference in risk factors leading to AF or due to a differential impact of the same risk factors in 11,806 participants (55.2 % women) from the REGARDS study. Incident AF was ascertained by electrocardiograms and medical history at a follow-up examination. Backwards elimination logistic regression was used to identify AF risk factors in men and women, separately. Over a median follow-up of 9.0years, 588 (11.1%) men and 428 (6.6%) women (p value
Effect of Dynamic Workstation Use on Radiologist Detection of Pulmonary Nodules on CT.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the effects of using a treadmill workstation during CT interpretation on radiologists’ sensitivity for lung nodule detection, accuracy and adherence to accepted management recommendations, and examination interpretation time. Methods This HIPAA-compliant study was approved by the institutional review board. Three radiologists performed a retrospective review of 55 CT examinations of the chest originally performed for lung cancer screening. These studies were reviewed both while sitting at a conventional workstation and while walking at a treadmill workstation. A separate thoracic radiologist reviewed the examinations at a conventional workstation only to serve as a control. The number of pulmonary nodules detected, accuracy of or adherence to follow-up recommendations, and time required for examination interpretation were recorded and compared between each condition. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the total number of nodules detected while walking versus seated. Intraobserver follow-up recommendations were consistent to highly consistent between sitting and walking. There was moderate interobserver agreement between the radiologists’ recommendation for seated versus walking conditions. There was a statistically significant difference in time taken to complete each examination, with interpretation during walking taking less time than during sitting. Conclusions Use of a treadmill workstation does not significantly affect the detection of lung nodules on CT or lead to changes in management recommendations but does decrease examination interpretation time.
Applying Design Thinking

Building relationships with busy administrators, faculty, and staff can be a challenge. Our team of learning technologists have applied design thinking to “learn with our eyes” by visiting individuals at their desks to observe their workarounds and frustration points. These building walkthroughs have yielded positive results, allowing our department to build relationships with individuals across our campuses.Our panel will feature a brief overview of our technology outreach (building walkthroughs) across our multi-campus university. We will include a sample of our timely topics/questions. We plan to engage attendees by asking them about their strategies for reaching administrators, faculty, staff, and students on their campuses and welcoming their questions about our process.Rather than waiting for employees to come to us for assistance, we take support to their desks. This service is a “white glove treatment,” during which we are able to share information about projects and services, as well as answer questions from employees. The learning technologist carries an iPad to practice collaboration software, video call subject matter experts for immediate support, and share documentation from our knowledge centers. The iPad is also handy for scheduling follow-up appointments on the spot.Further, while the learning technologist is conducting the site visits, she has an opportunity to engage with students across each campus to make them aware of the services available to them.The panel will include metrics related to numbers of visits, follow-up meetings, and assessed value.
Effects of ventral intermediate nucleus deep brain stimulation across multiple effectors in essential tremor.

Abstract Objective Essential tremor (ET) prominently affects the upper-limbs during voluntary movements, but can also affect the lower-limbs, head, and chin. Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) of thalamus improves both clinical ratings and quantitative measures of tremor, no study has quantified effects of DBS on tremor across multiple body parts. Our objective was to quantify therapeutic effects of DBS across multiple body parts in ET. Methods We performed quantitative assessment of tremor in ET patients who had DBS for at least one year. We assessed tremor on and off VIM-stimulation using triaxial accelerometers on the upper-limbs, lower-limbs, head and chin during seated and standing tasks. Results VIM-DBS significantly reduced tremor, but there was no statistical difference in degree of tremor reduction across the measured effectors. Compared to healthy controls, ET patients treated with DBS showed significantly greater tremor power (4–8 Hz) across all effectors during seated and standing tasks. Conclusions VIM-DBS reduced tremor in ET patients. There was no significant difference in the degree of tremor reduction across the measured effectors. Significance This study provides new quantitative evidence that VIM-DBS is effective at reducing tremor across multiple parts of the body.
Educational Attainment and Tobacco Harm Knowledge Among American Adults: Diminished Returns of African Americans and Hispanics.

Background and objectives Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to the smaller effects of educational attainment for ethnic minorities compared to the majority group. As a result of MDRs, research has documented more than expected tobacco use among Hispanics and African Americans (AAs) with high educational attainment. In theory, some of this increased risk may be due to lower tobacco harm knowledge. Accordingly, the present study compared ethnic groups for the association between educational attainment and tobacco harm knowledge among American adults in order to better understand a potential mechanism behind MDRs of educational attainment on tobacco use of Hispanics and AAs. Methods The current cross-sectional study used baseline data of 27,405 adults, which were obtained from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (2013) study, a nationally representative survey in the U.S. The independent and dependent variables were educational attainment and tobacco harm knowledge, respectively. In addition, age, gender, employment, and poverty status were the covariates, and ethnicity was the moderator. Finally, linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results Educational attainment was inversely associated with tobacco harm knowledge in the pooled sample (b = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.09 - 0.13). Ethnicity showed a statistically significant interaction with educational attainment (b = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.10 - 0.00 for AAs and b = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.19 - -0.09 for Hispanics versus non-Hispanics), suggesting that the effect of educational attainment on tobacco harm knowledge was smaller for Hispanics and AAs compared to non-Hispanics and Whites. Conclusion In general, although high educational attainment increases tobacco harm knowledge, highly educated Hispanics and AAs still report a disproportionately low level of tobacco harm knowledge. Eventually, the MDRs of educational attainment on tobacco harm knowledge may explain why highly educated Hispanics remain at high risk of tobacco use.
Communication practices of healthcare professionals when caring for overweight/obese pregnant women: A scoping review.

Abstract Objective To synthesize existing research on communication practices between healthcare professionals and overweight and obese pregnant women. Methods Following PRISMA guidance on conducting scoping reviews, we included original research addressing communication/counseling practices of healthcare professionals with overweight and/or obese pregnant women, published between 2008–2018, and available in English. Fourteen articles are included in this review. Results Study findings were organized into three themes: (a) topics addressed during encounters, (b) providers’ comfort/confidence, knowledge and methods in communicating with overweight/obese pregnant women, and (c) overweight/obese pregnant women’s experiences in communicating with healthcare providers. The most prevalent topics addressed were gestational weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition. Healthcare professionals experience discomfort and are reluctant to address weight status with overweight/obese pregnant patients, use vague statements about weight gain and weight-related obstetric risks, and report low confidence when counseling obese pregnant women. Overweight/obese pregnant women perceive weight stigma when interacting with providers. Conclusion Weight-related counseling in obstetric care is suboptimal. Providers may benefit from training to more confidently and effectively counsel overweight and obese pregnant women about gestational weight gain, physical activity, and nutrition. Practice implications Patients perceive weight stigma in the obstetric setting, which may be prevented by effective, patient-centered communication.