cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Single-exposure optical focusing inside scattering media using binarized time-reversed adapted perturbation.

Light scattering inhibits high-resolution optical imaging, manipulation, and therapy deep inside biological tissue by preventing focusing. To form deep foci, wavefront-shaping techniques that break the optical diffusion limit have been developed. For in vivo applications, such focusing must provide a high gain, high speed, and a high focal peak-to-background ratio. However, none of the previous techniques meet these requirements simultaneously. Here, we overcome this challenge by rapidly measuring the perturbed optical field within a single camera exposure followed by adaptively time-reversing the phase-binarized perturbation. Consequently, a phase-conjugated wavefront is synthesized within a millisecond, two orders of magnitude shorter than the digitally achieved record. We demonstrate real-time focusing in dynamic scattering media and extend laser speckle contrast imaging to new depths. The unprecedented combination of a fast response, high gain, and high focusing contrast makes this work a major stride toward in vivo deep-tissue optical imaging, manipulation, and therapy.
Prevention of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus : A progress report 2 years after completion of AIDS Clinical Trials Group Trial 076

In this AIDS commentary, Dr. Wilfert has reviewed the American experience with vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) since the closing of the 076 trial performed by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group in February 1994. The news generally is good ; the rate of transmission from mother to child in nonstudy situations has been reduced when counseling and therapy are offered to pregnant women. As Dr. Wilfert emphasizes, the mechanism of the beneficial effect remains to be elucidated. More important, the resources required to insure that women have access to counseling and care need to be secured. In addition to these issues discussed by Dr. Wilfert, questions that need to be addressed include the efficacy and safety of more-potent antiretroviral agents or combinations in further reducing the risk of transmission, the optimal intervention for women who become pregnant while receiving antiretroviral therapy, the optimal postpartum management for women, and the most-effective treatment strategy for children born to infected women. The newborn child who is infected in spite of treatment of the mother potentially could receive great benefit from aggressive therapy designed to reduce the rate of viral replication and the selection of drug-resistant HIV-1. Finally, inexpensive and user-friendly methods of reducing the rate of vertical transmission in developing countries are urgently needed. Progress in reducing the prevalence of pediatric HIV-1 infection transmitted by mothers, the most common source of this infection in children, has been made, but further research and effort to insure access to care and answers to unsolved problems are necessary.
Research on Suppression Galloping of New Anti-dance Hardware Damping Rubber Spacer

According to the harm of transmission line caused by galloping,this paper designs a new anti-dance hardware named anti dance damping rubber spacer,which adopts the joint action of damping spring,rubber and heavy ball to suppress conductor galloping.The ANSYS is used to build the finite element model of inter-phase spacer and wires system and analyze the suppression galloping of anti-dance damping rubber spacer.And then the wire's displacement is compared in the cases of installed ordinary inter-phase spacer and anti-dance damping rubber spacer under the same conditions.At the same time the anti-dance damping rubber spacer parameters(heavy ball mass and spring stiffness)are optimized by using the method of quasi-Newton method and general global optimization.Finally,the results are verified by ANSYS.It shows that anti-dance damping rubber spacer has superior suppression galloping performance;when the stiffness of spring is 1.08kN/m and the quality of heavy ball is 2.4kg,suppression galloping is the best.
Rethinking the ED.D. to Transform Classroom Teaching

The true educator must know the nature of the mind; he must understand the process of learning, the formation of ideals, the development of will and the growth of character. The artist in every vocation must have consummate skill in the use of his tools.
Inferring solutions of differential equations using noisy multi-fidelity data

For more than two centuries, solutions of differential equations have been obtained either analytically or numerically based on typically well-behaved forcing and boundary conditions for well-posed problems. We are changing this paradigm in a fundamental way by establishing an interface between probabilistic machine learning and differential equations. We develop data-driven algorithms for general linear equations using Gaussian process priors tailored to the corresponding integro-differential operators. The only observables are scarce noisy multi-fidelity data for the forcing and solution that are not required to reside on the domain boundary. The resulting predictive posterior distributions quantify uncertainty and naturally lead to adaptive solution refinement via active learning. This general framework circumvents the tyranny of numerical discretization as well as the consistency and stability issues of time-integration, and is scalable to high-dimensions.
Polygenic risk scores for cigarettes smoked per day do not generalize to a Native American population.

Abstract Background Recent studies have demonstrated the utility of polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for exploring the genetic etiology of psychiatric phenotypes and the genetic correlations between them. To date, these studies have been conducted almost exclusively using participants of European ancestry, and thus, there is a need for similar studies conducted in other ancestral populations. However, given that the predictive ability of PRSs are sensitive to differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and minor allele frequencies across discovery and target samples, the applicability of PRSs developed in European ancestry samples to other ancestral populations has yet to be determined. Therefore, the current study derived PRSs for cigarettes per day (CPD) from predominantly European-ancestry samples and examined their ability to predict nicotine dependence (ND) in a Native American (NA) population sample. Method: Results from the Tobacco and Genetics Consortium’s meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of CPD were used to compute PRSs in a NA community sample ( N = 288). These scores were then used to predict ND diagnostic status. Results: The PRS was not significantly associated with liability for ND in the full sample. However, a significant interaction between PRS and percent NA ancestry was observed. Risk scores were positively associated with liability for ND at higher levels of European ancestry, but no association was observed at higher levels of NA ancestry. Conclusion: These findings illustrate how differences in patterns of LD across discovery and target samples can reduce the predictive ability of PRSs for complex traits.
Expectancy-value and children's science achievement: Parents matter

This longitudinal study explored the ways parents’ and teachers’ expectancy for success influences 3rd–5th children's expectancy for success and achievement in science. Guided by an open-systems perspective and functional (Ballantine & Roberts, 2007) and expectancy-value (Eccles, 2005, 2007) theories, we focused on school related socialization processes and the role of parents and teachers in shaping children's abilities and skills. Participants included 153 children from 23 rural, Oklahoma schools and provided matched sets of parent, teacher, and child surveys. Weisgram and Bigler’ (2006) science self-efficacy subscale organized survey items where wording changes allowed parallel parent and teacher versions of the scale. Achievement was determined by test scores on the state-administered Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests (OCCT). Results showed teachers’ expectancy for children's success in science did not significantly predict students’ fifth grade science achievement. However, regression analyses showed parents’ expectancy did predict students’ fifth grade science achievement. The relationship was statistically significant and explained about 19% of the variance in fifth grade science achievement test scores (R2 = 0.19). We further determined that children's science self-efficacy significantly influenced science achievement scores (β = 0.20) (however, this was a far weaker influence than the direct effect of parents’ expectancy [β = 0.38] of children's success in science). The novel finding is that parents have an influence on children's achievement over and above children's own self-efficacy beliefs about science. Clearly, parents matter when it comes to science achievement. Though it seems parents are more influential than teachers when it comes to children's own expectations and achievement success in elementary science, we encourage further consideration of parent expectancy as it relates to child ability and achievement, modified classroom strategies, and home–school relations to better align teachers’ positive influence on children's expectancy for success. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 54:693–712, 2017
Abstract B51: Targeting galectin-1 to improve therapeutic efficacy in head and neck cancers

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are associated with significant changes in the immune profile, with lower systemic absolute lymphocyte count and reduced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which are inversely correlated with overall survival. Galectin-1(Gal-1), which is a carbohydrate binding protein, is secreted at high level by cancer cells, including HNC, and contributes to tumor-immune escape and disease progression. Our group has shown that both hypoxia and radiotherapy (RT) can individually stimulate tumor Gal-1 secretion, which is detrimental to therapeutic efficacy. Targeting Gal-1 in HNC therefore may synergize with radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 deletion approach, we developed an orthotopic model of HNC with/without Gal-1 expression. We found that Gal-1 KO tumors showed a marked decrease in tumor growth and nodal metastases. Gal-1 WT tumors had very low infiltration of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (TILs) compared to Gal-1 null tumors. The decrease in TILs was due to both Gal-1-induced apoptosis of activated T cells and Gal-1 inhibition of trans-endothelial T-cell migration, which was confirmed by in vitro assays. Endothelial cells within Gal-1 WT tumors showed uniformed staining of PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry, that was not present in Gal-1 null tumors. Similarly, isolated tumor endothelial cells (TECs) from Gal-1 WT tumors showed significantly higher expression of PD-L1 (PD1 ligand) and Gal-9 (Tim-3 ligand) than TECs from Gal-1 null tumor. Concurrently, there were more PD1+ and Tim3+ intra-tumoral T cells within the Gal-1 WT than Gal-1 null tumors. Our study therefore suggest that in addition to T-cell apoptosis, tumor Gal-1 can impede transendothelial T cell migration, leading to less TIL, resulting in immune escape and possible resistance to immune check point therapy. Therefore, a combined approach of targeting Gal-1 with immune checkpoint inhibitors may lead to better therapeutic efficacy in HNC patients. (Acknowlegement: NIH Grant-R01CA161585-03) Citation Format: Dhanya K. Nambiar, Hongbin Cao, Quynh Thu Le. Targeting galectin-1 to improve therapeutic efficacy in head and neck cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B51.
Stakeholder Involvement in Destination Level Sustainable Tourism Indicator Development: The Case of a Southwestern U.S. Mining Town

Sustainability interweaves social, cultural, economic, and environmental realms in order to maintain a place, system, or development over time World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. With tourism being among the world’s largest industries World Travel & Tourism Council, 2004, scholars and practitioners rely on the concept of sustainable tourism to maximize the positive and minimize the negative impacts to the destination’s environmental, economic, social, and cultural resources. Accordingly, sustainable tourism development ensures that the economic viability, ecological integrity, and cultural authenticity of a destination are preserved, thus meeting the needs of present tourists and host regions while protecting and enhancing future opportunities World Tourism Organization, 1993.
Mental Evolution: A Review of Daniel Dennett's From Bacteria To Bach and Back

From Bacteria To Bach and Back is an ambitious book that attempts to integrate a theory about the evolution of the human mind with another theory about the evolution of human culture. It is advertised as a defense of memes, but conceptualizes memes more liberally than has been done before. It is also advertised as a defense of the proposal that natural selection operates on culture, but conceptualizes natural selection as a process in which nearly all interesting parameters are free to vary. This liberal conception of key concepts creates space for philosophical innovation, but occasionally makes the empirical content of the theory difficult to pin down. Nevertheless, the book is full of scientific insight, wit, and humor. It will undoubtedly become a cause of both controversy and inspiration for those interested in naturalistic theories of human culture.
Symmetry and emergence

In a modern understanding of particle physics, global symmetries are approximate and gauge symmetries may be emergent. This view, which has echoes in condensed-matter physics, is supported by a variety of arguments from experiment and theory.
Contributions of Comparative Studies to Understanding Mechanisms of Implantation

Studies comparing the different forms and mechanisms of implantation in different mammals are useful in understanding a number of factors in implantation, including the extent of various relationships between trophoblast and uterus and the relative durations of specific types of tissues, and in assessing maternal and fetal roles in implantation and in the establishment of the placenta. I would like to focus on a few areas only, in order to illustrate this concept.
Fear not! How Students Cope with the Fears and Anxieties of College Life

Students experience a wide range of fearful thoughts and emotions while in the classrooms that create stress significant enough to impact learning. The current study examined qualitative data extra...
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Background, Legislation, and Policy Issues

This report provides background on the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), discusses the categories of records FOIA exempts from public release, and analyzes statistics on FOIA administration. It also provides background on several legal and policy issues related to FOIA, including the release of controversial records, the growth in use of certain FOIA exemptions, and the adoption of new technologies to improve FOIA administration. The report concludes with an examination of potential FOIA-related policy options for the 113th Congress.
Major Factors in Science DMZ Deployment at Small Institutions

The Science DMZ is a network research tool offering superior large science data transmission between two locations. Through a network design that places the Science DMZ at the edge of the campus network, the Science DMZ defines a network path that avoids packet-inspecting devices (firewalls, packet shapers) and produces near line-rate transmission results for large data sets between institutions. Small institutions of higher education (public and private small colleges) seeking to participate in data exchange with other institutions are inhibited in the construction of Science DMZs due to the high costs of deployment. While the National Science Foundation (NSF) made 18 awards in the Campus Cyberinfrastructure program (CC-NIE, CC*DNI) to investigate the designs, methods, costs, and results of deploying Science DMZs at small institutions, there lacks a cohort view of the success factors and options that must be considered in developing the most impactful solution for any given small institution environment. This paper examined the decisions and results of the 18 NSF Science DMZ projects, recording a series of major factors in the small institution deployments. In summarizing the results, we propose the Science DMZ Capital Framework (SCF) as a future-expanded model to simplify the peripheral factors that must be considered at the start of a small institution Science DMZ project.
Adaptive characteristics of salt-induced myceloids of Arthrobacter globiformis.

When Arthrobacter globiformis is grown in medium containing increased concentrations of NaCl or decreased levels of cations, the bacteria grow as clusters of branching myceloid cells. The sensitivities of salt-induced and citrate-induced myceloids to several environmental stresses were compared to those of normal exponential-phase bacilli and stationary-phase cocci. Salt-induced myceloids were more resistant than normal cells to ultraviolet light or heat shock at 45°C but not to osmotic upshock or pH 4.3; citrate-induced myceloids showed an intermediate rate of heat inactivation. Carbon or nitrogen starvation of myceloids in the absence of added NaCl or citrate led to their division into single cells. Both myceloids and the single cells derived from them were more resistant than normal bacteria to nitrogen starvation. Salt-induced and citrate-induced myceloids showed reduced metabolism of many different carbon compounds in Biolog™ GP plates. These studies suggest that the formation of multicellular structures by A. globiformis is an adaptive response which increases its potential for survival.
A guide to eCourse management: the stakeholders' perspectives

Web-based education (WBE) and training is growing by leaps and bounds, and the market is expected to reach almost 28.6 billion by the year 2006 (IDC, 2001). Technological advancements and student demands have necessitated a shift from a "brick and mortar" synchronous environment to a "click and learn" asynchronous environment. Students are demanding anytime, anyplace accessibility, and universities are obliging by bringing education to students. The instructor's role is changing from "lecturing" to "facilitating," and the student's role is changing from "recipient" to "participant." These virtual students require virtual convenience and are opting for a "complete" online education, from admission to graduation. In this chapter, the steps involved in Web education, from three major stakeholders' perspectives--the faculty, the student, and the technical personnel-- are discussed, and ways of providing online conveniences are discussed, based on the author's experience.
Dynamic flow stress of shock loaded low carbon steel

Abstract This study identifies the role of twin volume fraction in the dynamic stress-strain relationship of shock loaded low carbon steel. This relationship is modeled using thermal activation concepts based on dislocations interactions with thermal and athermal stress barriers. Model parameters are determined by first subjecting a set of as-received and 3% pre-strained steel specimens to shock loads of 6 GPa, and 11 GPa using a gas gun. These specimens, as well as ones with no prior shock loading, were subjected to dynamic compression tests at temperatures in the range 293–923 K and at strain rates between 1E+ 3 s−1 and 5E+ 3 s−1 using a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The resulting stress-strain curves were partitioned into thermal and athermal stress components in which the role of twin boundaries is discussed in terms of their relation with the interaction of dislocation motion and grain subdivision. Results of this work show that the thermal stress component of both the as-received and pre-strained materials is insensitive to the impact history. The athermal stress component for as-received specimens which have been previously shock loaded is shown to be proportional to the shock loading pressure. For specimens, however, which have been pre-strained before shock loading, the athermal stress did not vary for the two shock load levels. This difference in athermal stress between as received and pre-strained materials is explained in terms of the twin volume fraction generated as a function of the impact load. Model results are presented and discussed in relation to the proposed stress-strain formulations.
Mechanical Circulatory Support for Cardiogenic Shock in the Critically Ill

Patients requiring mechanical circulatory support (MCS) constitute a heterogeneous group whose needs have guided the development of a broad range of MCS devices. Appropriate patient and device selection are important for maximizing the potential benefit of these therapies. Currently available devices can be deployed percutaneously or surgically implanted. They can also be configured for left, right, or biventricular support and remain in place for hours to years, offering varying levels of flow. In the critical care setting, patients with the highest acuity have the worst outcomes when receiving an implantable long-term ventricular assist device (VAD); therefore, shorter-term devices should be considered for stabilization and optimization prior to implantation of a long-term device. In this focused review for the critical care clinician, we discuss important considerations for identifying VAD candidates, identifying the range of devices available to support them, bridging strategies that may improve outcomes for patients who are critically ill, and identifying areas of ongoing research.
Drug Development for the Therapy of Mitochondrial Diseases

Mitochondrial diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited or acquired devastating disorders that affect the energy metabolism of the body. Many strategies have been investigated, but currently there is no FDA-approved drug that can alleviate disease symptoms or slow disease progression. This review analyzes to what extent growing knowledge over the past two decades about the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial diseases is reflected in the design and development of new experimental drugs for the therapy of these disorders. All currently registered clinical trials involving new experimental drug entities are reviewed to evaluate how far away we are from the first FDA-approved drug therapy for mitochondrial disease.
Password Recall Following Employment of a Story-Based Mnemonic Strategy:

The password creation and management process presents a problem for users as secure passwords are not often very memorable, and memorable passwords are rarely secure (Adams & Sasse, 1999). Given th...
Data Quality Assessment of Narrative Medication Error Reports

Medication errors are preventable adverse events or unsafe conditions caused by inappropriate uses of medication. To collect data of patient safety events (PSE) and to analyze the root causes of PSE, reporting systems have been implemented in healthcare settings and patient safety organizations (PSO). However, the poor data quality of reports impedes the reporting and root cause analysis (RCA) of PSE. Incomplete or missing data is the most prevalent problem in event reports. To assess the data quality of PSE reports, we used an adapted taxonomy as the data evaluation model to evaluate the quality of narrative reports collected by a PSO. Sample reports were extracted based on eight error types and scored by experts. Most structured fields in the reports were ignored by reporters. In contrast, the narrative parts of the reports contain rich and valuable information. The evaluation results show that the adapted taxonomy is a promising tool for report quality assessment and improvement.
Rhizomatic Research Design in a Smooth Space of Learning: Rupturing, Connecting, and Generating

Racial disproportionality in special education is a symptom of larger social justice problems in a racially stratified society. Despite the favorable expectation of the effects of culture-free, universal and objective “evidence-based” interventions in serving students from nondominant groups, overrepresentation of students of color in special education continues to hinder efforts at achieving equity in and through education. In this article, we draw on Deleuze and Guattari’s rhizome metaphor and Vygotskian cultural-historical activity theory to analyze the dominant paradigm for intervention research in special education. We illustrate how the naturalized a priori assumptions and practices have contributed to the reinforcement of the racialization of disability. We then offer a rhizomatic research design as an alternative in which teachers, parents, students, administrators, university researchers, and community members engage in collective knowledge production and decision-making activities to develop systemic solutions to racial disproportionality within their local contexts.
Czechoslovak-Vatican Diplomatic Relations on the Eve of World War II

The study deals with the attitude of the Vatican towards the situation in Czechoslovakia in 1938–1939, within the context of international events on the eve of the Second World War. It describes an...
Hierarchical Selective Recruitment in Linear-Threshold Brain Networks Part II: Multilayer Dynamics and Top-Down Recruitment

Goal-driven selective attention (GDSA) is a remarkable function that allows the complex dynamical networks of the brain to support coherent perception and cognition. Part I of this two-part article proposes a new control-theoretic framework, termed hierarchical selective recruitment (HSR), to rigorously explain the emergence of GDSA from the brain's network structure and dynamics. This part completes the development of HSR by deriving conditions on the joint structure of the hierarchical subnetworks that guarantee top-down recruitment of the task-relevant part of each subnetwork by the subnetwork at the layer immediately above, while inhibiting the activity of task-irrelevant subnetworks at all the hierarchical layers. To further verify the merit and applicability of this framework, we carry out a comprehensive case study of selective listening in rodents and show that a small network with HSR-based structure can explain the data with remarkable accuracy while satisfying the theoretical stability and timescale separation requirements of HSR. Our technical approach relies on the theory of switched systems and provides a novel converse Lyapunov theorem for state-dependent switched affine systems that is of independent interest.
Excess Rab4 rescues synaptic and behavioral dysfunction caused by defective HTT-Rab4 axonal transport in Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is characterized by protein inclusions and loss of striatal neurons which result from expanded CAG repeats in the poly-glutamine (polyQ) region of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Both polyQ expansion and loss of HTT have been shown to cause axonal transport defects. While studies show that HTT is important for vesicular transport within axons, the cargo that HTT transports to/from synapses remain elusive. Here, we show that HTT is present with a class of Rab4-containing vesicles within axons in vivo. Reduction of HTT perturbs the bi-directional motility of Rab4, causing axonal and synaptic accumulations. In-vivo dual-color imaging reveal that HTT and Rab4 move together on a unique putative vesicle that may also contain synaptotagmin, synaptobrevin, and Rab11. The moving HTT-Rab4 vesicle uses kinesin-1 and dynein motors for its bi-directional movement within axons, as well as the accessory protein HIP1 (HTT-interacting protein 1). Pathogenic HTT disrupts the motility of HTT-Rab4 and results in larval locomotion defects, aberrant synaptic morphology, and decreased lifespan, which are rescued by excess Rab4. Consistent with these observations, Rab4 motility is perturbed in iNeurons derived from human Huntington’s Disease (HD) patients, likely due to disrupted associations between the polyQ-HTT-Rab4 vesicle complex, accessory proteins, and molecular motors. Together, our observations suggest the existence of a putative moving HTT-Rab4 vesicle, and that the axonal motility of this vesicle is disrupted in HD causing synaptic and behavioral dysfunction. These data highlight Rab4 as a potential novel therapeutic target that could be explored for early intervention prior to neuronal loss and behavioral defects observed in HD.
Complex chest wall surgery to prevent vascular complications after immunotherapy and radiation treatment

Chest wall surgery after immunotherapy and radiation can provide cure, prevent catastrophic complications, reduce the duration of immunotherapy, and allow verification of depth of response to therapy.
Belief Propagation Decoding of Short Graph-Based Channel Codes via Reinforcement Learning

In this work, we consider the decoding of short sparse graph-based channel codes via reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, we focus on low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which for example have been standardized in the context of 5G cellular communication systems due to their excellent error correcting performance. LDPC codes are typically decoded via belief propagation on the corresponding bipartite (Tanner) graph of the code via flooding, i.e., all check and variable nodes in the Tanner graph are updated at once. We model the node-wise sequential LDPC scheduling scheme as a Markov decision process (MDP), and obtain optimized check node (CN) scheduling policies via RL to improve sequential decoding performance as compared to flooding. In each RL step, an agent decides which CN to schedule next by observing a reward associated with each choice. Repeated scheduling enables the agent to discover the optimized CN scheduling policy which is later incorporated in our RL-based sequential LDPC decoder. In order to reduce RL complexity, we propose a novel graph-induced CN clustering approach to partition the state space of the MDP in such a way that dependencies between clusters are minimized. Compared to standard decoding approaches from the literature, some of our proposed RL schemes not only improve the decoding performance, but also reduce the decoding complexity dramatically once the scheduling policy is learned. By concatenating an outer Hamming code with an inner LDPC code which is decoded based on our learned policy, we demonstrate significant improvements in the decoding performance compared to other LDPC decoding policies.
Anatomical Dermal Allograft and Autologous Biceps Long Head Superior Capsule Reconstruction for Irreparable Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears.

Abstract Superior capsule reconstruction (SCR) can be performed using fascia lata, dermal allograft, and long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT). We present a Technical Note combining dermal allograft and autologous LHBT, reconstructing the superior capsule’s actual anatomical thickness and augmenting with single-stranded LHBT. The glenoid side consists of intact LHBT insertion and is covered with dermal allograft. The lateral side comprises posteriorly transpositioned LHBT, dermal allograft, and repairable remnant cuff. First, 1 suture-based anchor is used to fix the biceps 5 to 8 mm posterior to the bicipital groove, and tenotomy is done distal to it, while the glenoid side of the biceps is preserved. Second, 2 suture-based anchors are used to fix the dermal allograft at the glenoid side by 1 double-pulley and 2 mattress sutures. Third, 2 SwiveLock anchors are used to fix allograft’s lateral side by 2 reverse mattress sutures. The tension and coverage of the graft can be determined by the position of the SwiveLock anchors. In this way, fewer anchors are needed than the conventional dermal allograft SCR and larger footprint coverage can be achieved than LHBT SCR. A better spacer effect may be achieved by combining both biological grafts’ thickness, mimicking the intact shoulder’s true anatomy.
Kill the overseer!: the gamification of slave resistance: by Sarah Juliet Lauro, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2020, 1-90, $10 (paperback), $4.95 (Ebook), ISBN 978-1517911003

In Kill the Overseer!, Sarah Juliet Lauro contextualizes the place of video games in commemoration and public education. She also addresses the tension between the empowering potential of resistanc...
Refutation based recognition to help vowel articulation

Between speech training and speech recognition, we provide speech teachers with an innovative tool for teaching deaf children how to master the articulation of voiced sounds. Two theoretical aspects of this work are important : \bullet Phonemes are seen as elements of an organized structure \bullet The phonetic recognition is based on rejection principles The following developments derive from those two main ideas: \bullet In a set of N phonemes, a phoneme is defined by N - 1 relations which the N - 1 possible pairs determine. \bullet In the recognition phase, when confronting two phonemes, the refutation discards the least probable one. Eventually, if a phoneme is never rejected, its label is selected. \bullet The method valuation takes the types of errors into account when measuring the recognition rate. Last, we describe a speaker independent program (with a high recognition rate) producing an attractive real time feed-back for vowel articulation.
Joseph Gusfield and Social Problems Theory

Joseph R. Gusfield was a key figure in the emergence of constructionist social problems theory. His approach was characterized by: his determination to identify the cultural, structural, and historical context of claims; attention to the choices among alternatives that shaped how problems were defined; and the rhetoric used by advocates. He highlighted the role of ownership–the ability to define the terms in which social problems are constructed. His work is also notable for its skepticism regarding social scientists’ theorizing.
Evaluation of residual soil contamination from commercial oil well drilling activities and its impact on the naturally occurring background radiation environment

Radiation exposure received by individuals living and working on a farmland contaminated with radium was evaluated by measuring the technologically enhanced radiation background using portable survey instruments and a high‐pressure ionization chamber. Analysis of selected organic compounds, metals, and radioactive material in samples of soil and water obtained from the farm demonstrate a potential risk to inhabitants that needs to be evaluated, especially for future generations living and working on this land who may not be aware of the potential hazard. The distribution of radium and several other hazardous waste materials was found to be significantly elevated in areas where sludge ponds and waste pits were formerly located. Transport of these contaminants in soil was detected by in situ measurement of radium, which may be a useful analog for determining the translocation of metals and other contaminants associated with oil well‐drilling activities. Conventional risk assessment models, using default inp...
Towards a Typology of Corporate Responsibility in Different Governance Contexts

This paper develops a typology of different country governance contexts, in which we propose four broad categories of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our analysis measures the most appropriate methods for helping to create a climate that is receptive to fostering corporate accountability. Our criteria are based on several different factors, none of which is determinative: the natural resources of the country; the country's dependence on one commodity; the corruption level; the stability and accountability of the government; the state of civil society; and the existence of ongoing conflict. Examining these factors together results in measuring not just the country's receptivity to change, but also the means for producing change. At one end of the spectrum, what we label Category 0 countries, are nations with economies and governments that are so poorly managed that there is little multinational investment - sometimes even in the context of lucrative investment opportunities. At the other end lie those countries with acceptable levels of good governance, more developed economies and markets, and with, consequently, a comparatively high level of both domestic and multinational corporate investment. We examine the appropriateness of strategies to apply external or internal pressure in different types of countries. Next, we discuss the affects of applying the proposed intervention strategies to the countries, addressing both short and long-term expected results. We find that in Category 0 countries, with extremely low levels of international investment, strategies should focus on improving governance and overall human welfare, which often could lead to welcoming international corporate investment. Other categories of countries, with greater - and often problematic - international corporate involvement, require different types of approaches.
A high-pressure liquid chromatography method for serum quinidine and (3S)-3-hydroxyquinidine.

Abstract A bonded reversed phase, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for serum quinidine and its major metabolite in serum, (3S)-3- hydroxtquinidine , is presented. The method employs toluene, rather than benzene for extraction of 100 μl of serum, can utilize either absorbance or fluorescence detectors, and utilizes a column and equipment which is also suitable for theophylline analyses. Quinidine values in sera by the present method correlated well with fluorometric non-chromatographic methods using ethylene chloride (r = 0.932) or benzene-sulfuric acid ( r = 0.950 ) for extraction of the quinidine. The comparison data suggest a therapeutic range for quinidine of 1.3–5.0 mg/ liter when measured by HPLC. In over one year of routine use in a clinical chemistry laboratory, the method has proven to be rapid and precise with interassay coefficients of variation of 2.5–5.5%. No interferences with the HPLC method have yet been identified.
Common modules: a developer's exchangeability viewpoint

The author presents an overview of Unisys' development of YF-23 ATF baseline models for the DAMES simulation efforts. Unisys is developing a set of advanced computer modules to meet the DOD airborne processing needs of the next decade. The system baseline for the modules is the Air Force's Pave Pillar Architecture. The architecture is a distributed processing system with intersubsystems communications via a fiber-optic high-speed data bus. Within each subsystem, backplane communication is via the parallel interface bus and the test and maintenance bus. Since these three buses are the key to the success of interoperability and exchangeability of DOD modules from different vendors, the Joint Integrated Avionics Working Group has chartered the DAMES program to identify the ambiguities and shortcomings of these bus specifications. The simulation phase is described, and details of the module verification phase are presented. >
Abstract 3832: Characterizing breast cancer CTCs for brain metastasis competence

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Mechanisms causing fatal breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remain largely unknown as well as functionalities of brain-colonizing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in BCBM disease.We have characterized CTCs isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with breast cancer by multi-parametric flow cytometry. In epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-negative CTCs, we identified a “brain metastasis selected marker” (BMSM) profile or HER2+/EGFR+, HPSE+ and Notch1+ CTCs. These CTCs, which are not captured by the CellSearchTM (Veridex, LLC)platform because of their EpCAM negativity, were analyzed for cell invasiveness and metastatic competency in vivo. CTCs expressing the BMSM profile were highly invasive and capable of generating metastases when xenografted in nude mice. Notably, increased brain metastatic capabilities, frequency and quantitation were detected in EpCAM− CTCs overexpressing the BMSM profile. The presence of proteins of this profile was also verified in the metastatic lesions of animals. Further, investigations of viable BMSM CTCs were carried out using the DEPArrayTM, a dielectrophoresis-based platform able to detect and sort pure CTCs which were investigated by whole genome amplification and proteomic content. CTC subsets were derived possessing combinatorial levels of the BMSM profile and distinct abilities to generate BCBM.Collectively, we provide evidence of isolation, culture and characterization of human breast cancer CTCs leading to the description of a BMSM protein profile that is considered necessary for CTC metastatic competency to brain. Studies are presently undergoing to capture multiple CTC subsets and validate the presence of the BMSM profile in longitudinal studies of populations of breast cancer patients with the objective to not only better understand BCBM onset but also to predict disease course for improved and informed clinical treatment. Citation Format: Dario Marchetti. Characterizing breast cancer CTCs for brain metastasis competence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3832. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3832
Multimodal Composition in a College ESL Class: New Tools, Traditional Norms

Abstract Research has noted that multimodal writing allows for better communication of knowledge and expression of personal identities through various modes of representation. Studies of multimodal composition have tended to examine separate modes, or have looked at connections between only a few selected available modes. Less attention has been devoted to multimodal composition from a holistic perspective. Drawing on the concept of synaesthetic semiosis [Kress, Gunther. (1998). Visual and verbal modes of representation in electronically mediated communication: The potentials of new forms of text. In Ilana Snyder (Ed.), Page to screen: Taking literacy into the electronic era (pp. 53–79). London: Routledge; Kress, Gunther, & Van Leeuwen, Theo. (2006). Reading images: The grammar of visual design (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge], the present study examines how ESL writers in a freshman composition class used available modes in multimodal argumentative essays posted on the World Wide Web. The findings indicate that word-dominated discourse was the primary factor in selecting available modes. Non-linguistic modes were primarily used to illustrate written essays. However, students also used non-linguistic modes to project cultural and national identities and to express emotional connections with their topics. The ways in which the students synthesized multiple meaning-making modes represented the social practices of learning multimodal genres in which they were engaged. The paper concludes with suggestions for pedagogy and research in multimodal composition.
Quality of life of family caregivers at 2 years after a relative's cancer diagnosis

Purpose: Although a growing body of research has documented the quality of life (QOL) of cancer survivors beyond the initial phase of the survivorship, similar knowledge about family caregivers of cancer survivors remains limited. Thus, the current study aimed: (a) to characterize the multidimensional aspects of the QOL of family caregivers of cancer survivors at 2 years after the diagnosis and (b) to predict certain aspects of caregivers' QOL by their demographic and caregiving characteristics. Methods: A total of 1635 caregivers of cancer survivors participated in the nationwide Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers. Multidimensional aspects of QOL were assessed, including mental and physical health, as well as psychological adjustment and spirituality at 2 years post-diagnosis of their relatives' cancer. Results: Family caregivers reported normal levels of QOL after 2 years post-diagnosis, except that they were more likely to experience increased awareness of spirituality than do individuals who personally experience a chronic illness. In addition, caregivers' age and income and care-recipients' poor mental and physical functioning were significant predictors of their QOL at 2 years post-diagnosis. Conclusions: The findings suggest that younger, relatively poor caregivers who are providing care to relatives with poor mental and physical functioning may benefit from interventions to help in their spirituality and psychological and physical adjustment, 2 years after the initial cancer diagnosis. In addition, older, relatively poor caregivers may benefit from programs to reduce the physical burden of caregiving. These findings have implications for advancing public health research and practice. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ABSENCE OF SIALIC ACID IN MATURE THYROGLOBULIN (Tg) CAUSING CONGENITAL GOITER AND HYPOTHYROIDISM

ABSENCE OF SIALIC ACID IN MATURE THYROGLOBULIN (Tg) CAUSING CONGENITAL GOITER AND HYPOTHYROIDISM
Confabulations in schizophrenia.

Introduction. Current theories of confabulation are based primarily on the observation of neurological patients. The present paper evaluates these theories based on evidence from schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is unique in that it presents with a pathophysiology which differs from that of other neuropsychiatric conditions, and yet the candidate's deficits that various theories of confabulation implicate are often simultaneously present in schizophrenia.Methods. A selective review of literature on schizophrenic and neurological confabulations was undertaken.Results. Schizophrenic confabulation differs from neurological confabulation in terms of its characteristic features and association with symptoms, cognition and linguistic functions. Current evidence also suggests that confabulation may be conceptualized as a special class of delusions pertaining to memory phenomena.Conclusions. Schizophrenia presents with confabulations that cannot be fully accounted for by the existing theories. It also presents with c...
Evaluation of Electrofishing Catch per Unit Effort for Indexing Fish Abundance in Florida Lakes

Abstract Electrofishing CPUE data are commonly used to index temporal trends in abundance in fish monitoring programs, but the reliability of this index requires the assumption that the fraction of fish stock caught per unit effort (catchability, q) is relatively precise and constant through time. We evaluated how fish species, season, and lake affected electrofishing catchability in Florida lakes using a field study. We used the field study results to simulate how variable electrofishing q affects statistical power and type I error rate (i.e., the probability of detecting a difference when in fact no difference occurred). Model selection showed that electrofishing catchability varied by species, season, and lake, and submodels showed that catchability varied by lake for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and by season for Lake Chubsucker Erimyzon sucetta, and was constant across season and lake for Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. Our results revealed that statistical power decreased and the type I error...
Acquisition of sentence frame discrimination using the iPad™ as a speech generating device in young children with developmental disabilities

Abstract This study evaluated the use of the iPad™ and application Proloqu2Go as a speech generating device (SGD) for the acquisition of a tact (labeling) repertoire in three preschool aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder or developmental delay. Additionally, discrimination between picture icons and sentence frames were investigated. Using a five second time delay, with full physical prompts, participants were taught to label four items using the carrier phrases “I see” and “I have”. Following the acquisition of those frames in isolation, training on discriminating between those frames was introduced. The results indicate that the training procedures were effective for this purpose, thus contributing to the already existing literature on the use of handheld computing devices as SGD.