cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical therapist practice in the emergency department observation unit: descriptive study.

Background An upward trend in the number of hospital emergency department (ED) visits frequently results in ED overcrowding. The concept of the emergency department observation unit (EDOU) was introduced to allow patients to transfer out of the ED and remain under observation for up to 24 hours before making a decision regarding the appropriate disposition. No study has yet been completed to describe physical therapist practice in the EDOU. Objective The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe patient demographics, physical therapist management and utilization, and discharge dispositions of patients receiving physical therapy in the EDOU and (2) to describe these variables according to the most frequently occurring diagnostic groups. Design This was a descriptive study of patients who received physical therapist services in the EDOU of Massachusetts General Hospital during the months of March, May, and August 2010. Methods Data from 151 medical records of patients who received physical therapist services in the EDOU were extracted. Variables consisted of patient characteristics, medical and physical therapist diagnoses, and physical therapist management and utilization derived from billing data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results The leading EDOU medical diagnoses of individuals receiving physical therapist services included people with falls without fracture (n=30), back pain (n=27), falls with fracture (n=22), and dizziness (n=22). There were significant differences in discharge disposition, age, and total physical therapy time among groups. Limitations This was a retrospective study, so there was no ability to control how data were recorded. Conclusions This study provides information on common patient groups seen in the EDOU, physical therapist service utilization, and discharge disposition that may guide facilities in anticipated staffing needs associated with providing physical therapist services in the EDOU.
Numerical modeling analysis of 0.22 THz sheet beam TWT circuit

Extensive numerical analysis has resulted in the conclusion that the THz (H-band) sheet beam traveling wave tube (TWT) amplifier circuit, comprised of a staggered double grating array waveguide, has the very broad bandwidth (∼ 30 %) of the fundamental passband (TE-mode) with a 7 : 1 aspect ratio sheet beam without excitation of n = 1 space harmonic backward wave modes. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations utilizing MAGIC3D and CST PS predict that the designed circuit produces 150 ∼ 300 W output power, corresponding to ∼ 3–5.5 % intrinsic electronic efficiency (35 ∼ 38 dB gain from 50 mW input driving power), over ∼ 25 % bandwidth, which are in good agreement with Christine-1D code simulation results. Simulations, using a perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary (∼ −30 dB return loss), show the circuit stably operates without noticeable oscillation. With a more realistic matching condition with ∼ −9 dB return loss, it becomes unstable. However, simulations show that the incorporation of a sever with tapered conductivity fully suppresses the instability in tube operation.
The effect of earthquake duration on the damage of structures

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the effect of duration on the damage of structures subjected to earthquakes. The earthquake excitation is modelled by a non-stationary random process whose response spectrum is probabilistically consistent with a design response spectrum specified independently of the duration. Damage is assumed to accumulate with the cyclic application of large strains in the structural members. Two types of structure are examined: one representative of a steel structure and the other reprsentative of a reinforced concrete structure. The level of expected damage is found to be a strong function of both the ductility of the response and the duration of the excitation. Results are presented for systems with linear stiffness and a particular form of softening behaviour.
Mathematical model of a stepping motor operating as a fine positioner around a given step

A fine positioning technique based on the small displacement that can be obtained around a stepping position by applying differential currents to the motor windings is discussed. A linear mathematical model of the motor operating in this fashion is derived from the analysis of the motor and confirmed by a frequency response test of the motor.
Invariance and plasticity in the Drosophila melanogaster metabolomic network in response to temperature

Metabolomic responses to extreme thermal stress have recently been investigated in Drosophila melanogaster. However, a network level understanding of metabolomic responses to longer and less drastic temperature changes, which more closely reflect variation in natural ambient temperatures experienced during development and adulthood, is currently lacking. Here we use high-resolution, non-targeted metabolomics to dissect metabolomic changes in D. melanogaster elicited by moderately cool (18°C) or warm (27°C) developmental and adult temperature exposures. We find that temperature at which larvae are reared has a dramatic effect on metabolomic network structure measured in adults. Using network analysis, we are able to identify modules that are highly differentially expressed in response to changing developmental temperature, as well as modules whose correlation structure is strongly preserved across temperature. Our results suggest that the effect of temperature on the metabolome provides an easily studied and powerful model for understanding the forces that influence invariance and plasticity in biological networks.
Effects of switching-time uncertainties on pulsewidth-modulated power converters: modeling and analysis

This paper introduces a stochastic model for pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) switching dc-dc boost converters as an enhancement to conventional deterministic models. The important benefit of the stochastic model is that it includes effects of often ignored disturbances and their sources such as measurement error, ambient temperature, and parasitics, which are known to be present in power-electronic switching converters. In this approach, the stochastic model is based on introduction of perturbations in the duty ratio of switching converters as random-noise processes that account for these disturbances. The system dynamics are modeled as a diffusion process. Mean first-passage time (MFPT) is defined as a performance index. It quantifies the average time it takes for a state-space trajectory to evolve from a given operating point to the boundary of its domain of attraction under the influence of small perturbations. It is shown that MFPT provides further insight into converter operation under random perturbations.
Astrophysical effects of scalar dark matter miniclusters

We model the formation, evolution and astrophysical effects of dark compact Scalar Miniclusters (``ScaMs''). These objects arise when a scalar field, with an axion-like or Higgs-like potential, undergoes a second-order phase transition below the QCD scale. Such a scalar field may couple too weakly to the standard model to be detectable directly through particle interactions, but may still be detectable by gravitational effects, such as lensing and baryon accretion by large, gravitationally bound miniclusters. The masses of these objects are shown to be constrained by the $\mathrm{Ly}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ power spectrum to be less than $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{4}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$, but they may be as light as classical axion miniclusters, of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$. We simulate the formation and nonlinear gravitational collapse of these objects around matter-radiation equality using an $N$-body code, estimate their gravitational lensing properties, and assess the feasibility of studying them using current and future lensing experiments. Future MACHO-type variability surveys of many background sources can reveal either high-amplification, strong-lensing events, or measure density profiles directly via weak-lensing variability, depending on ScaM parameters and survey depth. However, ScaMs, due to their low internal densities, are unlikely to be responsible for apparent MACHO events already detected in the Galactic halo. As a result, in the entire window between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ and ${10}^{2}{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ covered by the galactic scale lensing experiments, ScaMs may in fact compose all the dark matter. A simple estimate is made of parameters that would give rise to early structure formation; in principle, early stellar collapse could be triggered by ScaMs as early as recombination, and significantly affect cosmic reionization.
On the interaction of a vertical shear layer with a free surface

New experiments have been conducted using a combined free-surface gradient detector (FSGD) and digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technique to study the interaction between a vertical shear layer, created by a surface-piercing splitter plate, and a free surface. The emphasis of this study is on understanding aspects of the interaction between the free-surface deformation (FSD) and the near-surface turbulence through the correlations between the elevation and the vorticity fields, and the spectral behaviour of the near-surface pressure. The Reynolds number of the present study, based on visual thickness and the velocity average of the two streams, is 12 100. Mean results for the velocity and vorticity fields show that self-similarity is achieved. Instantaneous data sets show that at the free surface, vortex tubes within the main rollers connect normally with the free surface as is evidenced by strong vorticity as well as the strong deformations at the free surface. The instantaneous data sets also show that the streamwise vortices near the braid regions, while weaker than those seen in the main rollers, also reconnect with the free surface. Statistical analyses show that the FSD is strongly correlated with the near-surface vorticity field, as the correlation coefficients are quite high (∼0.7–0.8). The pressure spectrum slope within the shear layer near the surface is found to be −10/3, compared with the analytically derived value of −11/ 3( Georgeet al. 1984) found for a shear layer in unbounded flow.
SOME EFFECTS OF CARBON SOURCE, AERATION, AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF A PSYCHROPHILIC STRAIN OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS

Olsen, Ronald H. (University of Minnesota, St. Paul) and James J. Jezeski. Some effects of carbon source, aeration, and temperature on growth of a psychrophilic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens. J. Bacteriol. 86:429–433. 1963.—A psychrophilic strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens was grown in stationary and aerated culture at 4, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 32 C. Generation times were determined for cultures growing in media containing glucose, monosodium citrate, or Casamino Acids as the primary carbon and energy source. The results indicated that growth on Casamino Acids with aeration contributed to significantly shorter generation times at low temperatures when compared with other media systems. Furthermore, temperature coefficients (Q10 values) calculated from growth-velocity data showed that the effects of temperature on growth rate are influenced by the carbon source in the growth medium and by aeration.
Aggregate Feasibility Sets for Large Power Networks

Abstract An aggregate feasibility set for large electric power systems is derived. The feasibility aet consists of the set of snbstation loads that can be served in steadystate with the available generation without overloading the transmission lines or transformers. The derivation is based on an aggregate continuum model of large power systems that is obtained from the DC losad flow model.
Comparison of the myometrial response to oxytocin during daylight with the response obtained during the early hours of darkness in the fetectomized rhesus monkey at 160-172 days gestational age.

Six rhesus monkeys, fetectomized at 122-129 days gestational age (dGA), were studied to evaluate photoperiod-dependent differences in the myometrial sensitivity to exogenous oxytocin in the absence of a live fetus. One to two weeks before the study, at 150-162 dGA, sixteen maternal arterial samples were taken every 4 h to assess plasma concentrations as well as the presence of 24-h rhythmicity in plasma estradiol and cortisol. At 160-172 dGA, oxytocin was administered via the maternal inferior vena cava to elicit regular myometrial contractions. Each animal was studied twice: once during daylight and once during the early hours of darkness. Oxytocin was infused in a pulsatile fashion during the first minute out of every five over four consecutive 30-min intervals, during which the dose rate was increased after each 6-h oxytocin pulse (400, 800, 2000, and 4000 pg kg - ' min-'). The overall response of the myometrium of the fetectomized animals, evaluated as the number of contractions per pulse of oxytocin, was higher during the daytime study (p = 0.006). The response to oxytocin in intact pregnant animals is greatest during the early hours of darkness. Comparison of the overall myometrial response of the fetectomized monkeys with the response of intact pregnant animals showed that the daytime responses were similar, but that the nighttime response of the fetectomized animals was significantly lower (p < 0.0002). These contrasting findings may be due to differences in the maternal neuroendocrine environment depending on the presence or absence of a fetal adrenal steroid contribution acting directly on the myometrium or acting indirectly through provision of precursors for estrogen formation. Estradiol concentrations were 30-50% lower than those reported for intact pregnant animals. No 24-h estradiol rhythm could be determined in any of the six animals, and peak values occurred unrelated to the significant 24-h plasma cortisol rhythm. We hypothesize that in the intact pregnant animal, the fetal adrenal steroid output, highest at night, modulates the myometrial threshold in such a way that during primate pregnancy, the myometrial response to oxytocin is increased during darkness. Conversely, in the fetectomized monkey, the myometrium is less responsive at night than during the day, because this fetal input is lacking.
Approaches to Neuroprotection and Recovery Enhancement After Acute Stroke

The potential relevance of neuroprotective and recovery enhancing therapies after acute ischemic stroke to vascular dementia (VaD) must be considered from several perspectives. The goal of acute neuroprotective therapy for ischemic stroke is to impede one or more aspects of the ischemic cascade of cell injury induced by focal brain ischemia (1). It is presumed that inhibiting the ischemic cascade will reduce the extent of infarction and improve ultimate functional outcome. Recovery-enhancing therapies are designed to enhance brain recovery after stroke and to improve functional outcome but not necessarily to affect infarct size (2). It can be assumed that both neuroprotection and recovery enhancement might lessen the incidence of VaD development after stroke by several mechanisms. This chapter overviews current concepts of ischemic injury related to acute focal brain ischemia and the current status of efforts to develop effective neuroprotective and recovery-enhancing therapies for acute ischemic stroke.
Pacific Graveyard: Adaptive Reuse, Recycling, and Abandonment in San Francisco’s Maritime Graveyards, 1849–1959

California’s San Francisco Bay encompasses one of the largest collections of ship graveyards in North America. These graveyards include ships buried beneath subsequent urban development in downtown San Francisco, as well as ships situated along estuarine bay shores in Sausalito, Belvedere, South San Francisco, Oakland, and Benicia. As a large estuary, other shores on the bay also served as a repository for smaller numbers of laid-up craft and individual vessels. Among the more unique of these graveyards are those in and around San Francisco, which now lie buried beneath urban landfill. The majority of these vessels date to the California Gold Rush (1848–1855). They comprise a unique assemblage of vessels that were either purposely beached or surrounded by pilings or filled and recycled into buildings to fill the need for structures during the Gold Rush population boom. After the rush, a number of vessels were further recycled by ship-breakers, whereas others were sunk to establish title to submerged lands. Other craft, either buried or exposed on mudflats, date from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Archaeological excavation and study of these vessels has provided insights into the role of recycled ships in the economic and physical geographical study of San Francisco, as well as documenting the characteristics of nineteenth and early twentieth century craft, including previously undocumented examples of regional vernacular craft as well as ships adaptively reused.
In Your Face: The Hidden History of Plastic Surgery and Why Looks Matter

Bryan Mendelson. In Your Face: The Hidden History of Plastic Surgery and Why Looks Matter . Richmond, Victoria, Australia: Hardie Grant Books; 2013. ISBN-10: 174270123X. ISBN-13: 978-1742701233. $29.95. ![Graphic][1] It is not the general policy of the Aesthetic Surgery Journal to review books written for the lay public; typically, these books are more promotional than educational, and any information they do provide is too basic and over-simplified to be of value to a professional readership. Fortunately, an exception has been made for this offering from Bryan Mendelson, our colleague from Down Under who has helped us all to better understand the complex anatomy of the human face from the perspective of the world's leading comparative anatomist of the face … in our, or likely any, field. The book is an average-sized paperback printed on medium-quality paper with a glossy, eye-catching cover. It presents some 220 pages divided into 19 chapters and distributed among three sections: the human face, the development of aesthetic plastic surgery, and aesthetic plastic surgery today. Illustrations, all in gray-tone, are limited and, while helpful to the lay reader, offer little to the professional. The book is well written, presenting an easy read. I like its subtitle , The Hidden History of Plastic Surgery and Why Looks Matter , far more than its title, as it sets out nicely the author's motivations, which are expanded in the three-page introduction. Here he also shares his disappointment with aesthetic surgery's low societal standing, rightly attributing much of the blame to the role of … Corresponding Author: J. William Little, MD, FACS, 1145 19th St NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. E-mail: jwilliamlittle{at}rcn.com [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Two threat patterns that exploit "security misconfiguration" and "sensitive data exposure" vulnerabilities

We present threat patterns that describe attacks against applications that take advantage of security misconfigurations in the application stack and applications that expose sensitive data. These patterns provide insight on how to build and configure applications that might contain sensitive data and are also helpful in evaluating the security of existing applications.
Advising High-Ability Business Students

Students who excelled in high school enter college with the expectation that, despite the increase in competition, they will continue to achieve academically at the college level. Some high-ability...
Intrafacility transportation of patients with acute brain injury.

ABSTRACTPatients with acute brain injury (ABI) frequently require diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the areas located outside of the intensive care unit. Transports can be risky for critically ill patients with ABI. Secondary brain injury can occur during the transport from causes such as isc
Sexual Isolation in Parthenogenetic Pycnoscelus surinamensis and Application of the Name Pycnoscelus indicus to Its Bisexual Relative (Dictyoptera: Blattaria: Blaberidae: Pycnoscelinae)

The parthenogenetic and bisexual “forms” of the Surinam cockroach, Pycnoscelus surinamensis (L.) are considered sibling species, and Blatta indica F. is selected from the synonymy to represent the bisexual taxon from which the parthenogenetic P. surinamensis undoubtedly arose. Females of P. surinamensis are thelytokous; males are rarely produced parthenogenetically and are nonfunctional.
Surveillance and analysis of information of public health emergencies in 2008 and 2010 in Tianjin

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological features of public health emergencies in 2008 and 2010 in Tianjin,explore the causes of emergencies,and provide the technical support of monitoring and early-warning of public health emergencies.[Methods]Using the retrospective investigation and network information management system of public health emergencies,the data of public health emergencies occurred in 2008 and 2010 in Tianjin were collected and analyzed.[Results]A total of 117 public health emergencies were reported by network information management system of public health emergencies in 2008 and 2010,which included 3 events of grade Ⅲ(2.56%),92 events of grade Ⅳ(78.63%) and 22 ungraded events(18.80%).There were 92(78.63%) infectious disease events,14(11.97%) food poisoning events,5(4.27%) environmental factors events,1(0.85%) occupational poisoning event and 5(4.27%) other events.44.44% of events occurred in primary and middle schools,followed by kindergartens(21.37%).The peak season was the second quarter,which accounted for 38.46% of total events,and number of events in rest three quarters accounted for 19.66%,23.93% and 17.95% respectively.There were 3 884 patients in 117 events,and 13 patients died.47 events were reported in urban area,22 in new coastal region,19 in villages and towns and 29 in rural area.[Conclusion]The public health emergencies in Tianjin are mainly infectious disease and food poisoning,and most of events occurred in schools and kindergartens.
Design of Audible Alarm Signal Test System Based on YY 0709-2009 Standard

Objective To design an audible alarm signal test system based on YY 0709—2009 Standard. Methods A capacitor microphone was used as the acquisition module of the audible alarm signal. An external analogue-to-digital converter with a sampling rate of 90 kHz was connected with the outlet end of the microphone. The acquired digital signals were transmitted into the computer, then the software was developed to analyze the data to get the results. Results The items in YY 0709—2009 Standard were tested efficiently and accurately. Conclusion The system is highly integrated and operated easily; furthermore it can display the results visually. But it still needs to complete the test by moving the cursor for several times, and the software has to be developed to enhance the efficiency and accuracy.
Heterogeneous Behavior, Obesity, and Storability in the Demand for Soft Drinks

We apply a dynamic estimation procedure to investigate the effect of obesity on the demand for soda. The dynamic model accounts for consumers’ storing behavior, and allows us to study soda consumers’ price sensitivity (how responsive consumers are to the overall price) and sale sensitivity (the fraction of consumers that store soda during temporary price reductions). By matching store-level purchase data to county-level data on obesity incidence, we find higher sale sensitivity in populations with higher obesity rates. Conversely, we find that storers are less price sensitive than non-storers, and that their price sensitivity decreases with the obesity rate. Our results suggest that policies aimed at increasing soda prices might be less effective than previously thought, especially in areas where consumers can counteract that price increase by stockpiling during sale periods; according to our results, this dampening effect would be more pronounced precisely in those areas with higher obesity rates.
Exercise for Prevention and Treatment of Prostate Cancer: Cellular Mechanisms

Numerous epidemiological studies suggest that PA might reduce the risk for PCa but there are many inconsistencies in the data. Little is known about the value of exercise after diagnosis of PCa. Two studies report that resistance training during ADT increases muscular strength and reduces fatigue with no changes in body composition or in serum levels of testosterone or PSA. One study investigated the effects of aerobic exercise training on PCa patients during external beam RT and found an improvement in physical function with reduced fatigue. These were short-term studies with no PCa clinical outcomes. In a 1-year study, regular exercise combined with a low-fat, vegan diet and stress reduction reduced the need for aggressive treatment of the PCa. In obese men with no documented PCa, regular exercise, especially when combined with a low-fat diet, has been shown to reduce serum insulin and IGF-I, while increasing IGFBP-1 and SHBG. These serum changes result in reduced growth and increased apoptosis of androgen-dependent PCa cell lines in cultures. The effects on tumor cells appear to be associated with activation of the p53 gene and suggest that lifestyle modification may be important for both the prevention and treatment of PCa.
Satellite Communications and Development

We are entering a new era often called the ‘post-industrial’ or ‘information’ society. This era is marked by dramatic technological developments in computers, electronic media, telecommunications and the growing importance of information in all aspects of human life. Access to information, and to the facilities to reproduce, store and transmit information, is now considered vital to development.
Genetic and Sex-Specific Transgenerational Effects of a High Fat Diet in Drosophila melanogaster.

An organism's phenotype is the product of its environment and genotype, but an ancestor’s environment can also be a contributing factor. The recent increase in caloric intake and decrease in physical activity of developed nations' populations is contributing to deteriorating health and making the study of the longer term impacts of a changing lifestyle a priority. The dietary habits of ancestors have been shown to affect phenotype in several organisms, including humans, mice, and the fruit fly. Whether the ancestral dietary effect is purely environmental or if there is a genetic interaction with the environment passed down for multiple generations, has not been determined previously. Here we used the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, to investigate the genetic, sex-specific, and environmental effects of a high fat diet for three generations’ on pupal body weights across ten genotypes. We also tested for genotype-specific transgenerational effects on metabolic pools and egg size across three genotypes. We showed that there were substantial differences in transgenerational responses to ancestral diet between genotypes and sexes through both first and second descendant generations. Additionally, there were differences in phenotypes between maternally and paternally inherited dietary effects. We also found a treated organism’s reaction to a high fat diet was not a consistent predictor of its untreated descendants’ phenotype. The implication of these results is that, given our interest in understanding and preventing metabolic diseases like obesity, we need to consider the contribution of ancestral environmental experiences. However, we need to be cautious when drawing population-level generalization from small studies because transgenerational effects are likely to exhibit substantial sex and genotype specificity.
Future Challenges for Soil Science Research, Education, and Soil Survey in the USA

Soils across the USA are under extensive pressure to support the needs of society under an uncertain climate future. While our management of soils is far better than 100 years ago, chronic erosion in excess of soil building is common and human behavior frequently results in soil degradation. At odds with a need for improved soil management is a two-decade trend in the closure or downsizing of soil science academic programs and federal soil scientist positions, all of which threaten our capability to manage soils. Regardless, soil scientists must lead efforts to greatly minimize land degradation (especially erosion) and reshape American agriculture to adapt to climate change so that we secure current achievements in land management, food supply, and quality of life. New models of soil science education and training must be embraced in order to maintain and build the profession. An extensive and ubiquitous public education effort, much greater than that which ended the “Dust Bowl,” is needed to help correct harmful human behavior resulting in unsustainable soil use and degradation of ecosystem services. These are the achievements that must be realized during the next 50 years of soil science.
On effectiveness of pairwise methodology for testing network-centric software

Pairwise testing, which can be complemented with partial or full N-wise testing, is a technique which guarantees that all important parametric value pairs are included in a test suite. A percentage of N-wise testing is also included. We conjecture that N-wise enhanced pairwise testing can be used as a black-boxed testing method to increase effectiveness of random testing in exposing unusual or unexpected behaviors, such as security failures in network-centric software. This testing can also be quite cost-efficient since small N test suites grow linearly with the number of parameters. This paper explains the results of random testing of a simulation in which about 20% of the defects with probabilities of occurrence less than 50% are never exposed. This supports the premise that if the unusual or unexpected behaviors are based on defects which are less likely to occur, then random testing needs to be enhanced, especially if those unexposed defects could cause erratic or even critical behaviors to the system. Higher system complexities may indicate higher numbers of unusual or unexpected behaviors. It may be difficult to use the traditional operational profile information to determine the amount of testing for unusual behaviors since the operational usage may be 0 or close to it. Another interesting problem is that some testers lack the experience necessary to effectively analyze the results of a test run. It is important to compensate for the lack of experience so that novice testers are able to test comparatively as effectively as more experienced testers. It is believed that if the size of the test suite is relatively small, then it may be easier to pinpoint the source of a failure. The research presented in this paper is aimed at addressing some of these issues of random testing via enhanced pairwise testing and N-wise testing in general. It is possible that more complex systems, such as those that rely a great deal on a network, would require higher numbers of interactions to combat unexpected combinations for use in some testing instances such as security testing or high assurance testing. A tool is being developed concurrently to help automate a part of the test generation process
Stiff-Person Syndrome Exacerbated with Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Use (P6.138)

Objective: To describe cases of Stiff-Person Syndrome (SPS) that clinically worsened following initiation or increase in dosage of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). We provide a potential mechanism for these effects and suggest a paradigm for the management of patients with SPS with pain complaints treated with SNRIs. Background: SPS is a rare neurological disorder characterized by muscle stiffness, rigidity, and spasms. It is associated with antibodies that target gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons, particularly the rate-limiting enzyme in GABA biosynthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). These antibodies are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease, as they bind GABAergic terminals and have been shown to reduce GABA synthesis. Clinical exacerbations may be triggered by anxiety and panic attacks, which may alter endogenous serotonin and norepinephrine levels, and are often characterized by muscle spasms. Methods: A retrospective case series was performed in patients admitted to the hospital or evaluated in clinic for SPS exacerbation who were treated with duloxetine. Clinically definite SPS was diagnosed in patients based on serum titers of anti-GAD65 antibodies. Results: Here we report four cases of SPS that developed clinical exacerbations following initiation or increase in dosage of duloxetine. Clinical exacerbations included worsening musculoskeletal symptoms (increased muscle stiffness, worsened pain, increased muscle spasms, and gait instability) as well as respiratory distress. All patients experienced improved clinical symptoms after withdrawal of duloxetine. Conclusions: The immunopathogenesis of SPS remains unknown. Here we report the association of clinical SPS exacerbations following SNRI use. We propose a model to describe the relationship between these neurotransmitters and the clinical syndrome. These cases suggest the importance of investigating the relationship between SNRIs and SPS in a prospective case-control study. Early recognition and careful review of medication use may improve disease severity and exacerbations in SPS. Disclosure: Dr. Benavides has nothing to disclose. Dr. Newsome has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Novartis, and Genzyme as scientific advisory board participant. Dr. Newsome9s employer has received research support from Biogen Idec and Novartis.
Transcriptomic effects of metformin in skeletal muscle arteries of obese insulin-resistant rats:

We examined the effects of metformin, a commonly used antidiabetic drug, on gene expression in multiple arteries. Specifically, transcriptional profiles of feed arteries and second branch order art...
Hail to the Chief Administrator

No single piece of evidence is likely to persuade opponents of the Chief Administrator theory. However, the Constitution, when read in conjunction with The Federalist Papers and the convention records, provides a coherent and convincing account of the Framers' view of the President's administrative role: The Chief Administrator. Our nation has undergone tremendous change since the ratification of the Constitution. Many will wonder what can be gained by analyzing the Founders' thoughts regarding the executive's administrative powers. This Note will not attempt to win over those who find such an analysis quixotic or irrelevant. Yet even the most vehement critics of original intent analysis may find that the Framers' understanding of the principles of sound, responsible government can enrich other interpretive modes as well as our understanding of the political science of government.
Binomial Coefficients, Valuations, and Words

The study of arithmetic properties of binomial coefficients has a rich history. A recurring theme is that p-adic statistics reflect the base-p representations of integers. We discuss many results expressing the number of binomial coefficients \(\left( {\begin{array}{c}n\\ m\end{array}}\right) \) with a given p-adic valuation in terms of the number of occurrences of a given word in the base-p representation of n, beginning with a result of Glaisher from 1899, up through recent results by Spiegelhofer–Wallner and Rowland.
Profit Squeeze in the Duménil and Lévy Model

This article looks at the implications of labor-supply limits and endogenous wage growth in the Dumenil and Levy model. A long-run relationship is established between the employment rate and capita...
EMCCD-based Speckle Contrast Diffuse Correlation Tomography of Tissue Blood Flow Distribution

We developed a novel EMCCD-based speckle contrast diffuse correlation tomography (scDCT) system for 3-dimensional imaging of deep tissue blood flow distribution. The system has been validated in tissue-simulating phantoms and applied in human tissues.
Patent Law's Disclosure Requirement

The requirement that recipients of patents disclose information about their inventions is a fundamental attribute of patent systems. Yet, despite being a core element of patent law, the disclosure requirement is rarely thought of in those terms; rather, it is conventionally approached by first dissecting it in two ways: in terms of its doctrinal mechanisms (primarily enablement and written description) and in terms of its theoretical basis. While this dissection can be useful in understanding issues within the disclosure requirement, the resulting compartmentalization also imposes limits on this approach. This Essay approaches patent law’s disclosure requirement from a more holistic perspective, treating it as a foundational component of patent law that can be studied and analyzed as a collective whole. In doing so, this Essay brings together different perspectives on the disclosure requirement, explaining how its seemingly independent purposes are actually closely intertwined and exploring the consequences for the patent law that flow from that relationship.
Health Consequences of Unplanned Pregnancies Versus Contraception

Virtually everyone considers at least once in his or her life the health consequences of childbearing or family planning. Many still view the addition of each child as an inevitable gift of God or an act of fate. Others have learned that they may plan both the number and the timing of the births of their children. To the extent that conception and childbearing are viewed as controllable events, it is useful to examine the consequences of different strategies of control.
Behavior of Gastropod Molluscs

Publisher Summary Molluscan behavior is extremely diverse, encompassing the relatively limited behavioral repertoire of clams and limpets and the intelligent, highly flexible behaviors of the cephalopods. Gastropods and cephalopods dominate as subjects for molluscan neurobiology for contrasting reasons: (1) cephalopods for the mammal-like intricacy of their brains and behavior and (2) gastropods for their relative simplicity and their large and individually identifiable neurons. This chapter discusses gastropod behaviors, especially those of species commonly used in neurobiology. Light plays an important role in the life of molluscs. For terrestrial forms, bright light can signal heat and dryness, while shade may represent desirable damp shelter. Feeding is stimulated by the detection of food stimuli by the rhinophores, oral veil, anterior foot, or mouth area. Gastropod feeding, like that of more complex organisms, is influenced by the interaction of several variables, including hunger, satiation, quality of food, intensity of the feeding chemostimulus, sensory adaptation, and habituation.
Abstract 978: In vivo shRNA screening identifies synthetic cytotoxicity in CREBBP/EP300 mutant head and neck cancer

The p300-CBP1 coactivator family members (CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) and E1A binding protein p300 (EP300)) share significant homology and act as transcriptional co-activators for a large number of target genes. These genes are collectively mutated in approximately 14% of all head and neck squamous cell cancers carcinomas (HNSCC) and are targeted by multiple agents in clinical development. Because of this the p300-CBP1 coactivator family presents a promising target in HNSCC. Recently, our group performed in-vivo screening utilizing a barcoded shRNA library of targets of known anti-neoplastic agents. A total of 5 HNSCC cell lines of varying HPV status (HPV (-): Cal27, HN31, UMSCC22A; HPV (+): UMSCC47, UPCISCC152) were transduced with the shRNA library and allowed to form subcutaneous, flank tumors, which were then treated with IR (2 Gy/day) to achieve an approximate 20% reduction in tumor volume. The tumors were then harvested and barcodes were sequenced. Interestingly, this screen revealed that CREBBP or EP300 depletion led to dramatic sensitization to IR, but only in tumors harboring a mutation in either CREBBP or EP300, independent of HPV status. To investigate this phenomenon further, we utilized chemical inhibition of CREBBP as well as shRNA to CREBBP in multiple HNSCC cell lines of varying HPV and CREBBP mutational statuses. In those cell lines harboring a CREBBP mutation, we found significant in vitro sensitization to IR on clonogenic assay following CREBBP inhibition, however this phenomenon was not observed in CREBBP wild type cells. All cell lines tested were generally resistant to IR-induced apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL assay and PARP cleavage. However, IR combined with inhibition of CREBBP led to dramatically increased IR-associated apoptosis as well as increased γ-H2AX and decreased BRCA1 foci following radiation. We next examined CREBBP inhibition using two shRNA clones specific for CREBBP in an in vivo UMSCC47 xenograft model. In this model, inhibition of CREBBP alone or IR alone (2 Gy x 8 d) led to minimal tumor volume reduction (tumor growth delay (TGD) 6 and 2 days respectively). However, the combination of each shCREBBP clone and IR led to a TGD of 24 and 23 days (p Citation Format: Manish Kumar, Kathleen Bridges, David Molkentine, Liangpeng Yang, Aakash Sheth, Raymond Meyn, Mitchell Frederick, Jeffrey Myers, Curtis Pickering, Heath D. Skinner. In vivo shRNA screening identifies synthetic cytotoxicity in CREBBP/EP300 mutant head and neck cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 978.
Treatment of neurodegenerative disorders through the blood-brain barrier using nanocarriers.

Neurodegenerative diseases refer to disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) that are caused by neuronal degradations, dysfunctions, or death. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease (APHD) are regarded as the three major neurodegenerative diseases. There is a vast body of literature on the causes and treatments of these neurodegenerative diseases. However, the main obstacle in developing an effective treatment strategy is the permeability of the treatment components at the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Several strategies have been developed to improve this obstruction. For example, nanomaterials facilitate drug delivery to the BBB due to their size. They have been used widely in nanomedicine and as nanoprobes for diagnosis purposes among others in neuroscience. Nanomaterials in different forms, such as nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), and liposomes, have been used to treat neurodegenerative diseases. This review will cover the basic concepts and applications of nanomaterials in the therapy of APHD.
Identification of swine protein biomarkers of inflammation-associated pain.

Abstract This study sought to determine if proteins associated with pain in humans could be measured using a swine in vitro model of inflammation. This would constitute the first step towards using them as surrogate endpoints to help support effectiveness indications for investigational new animal drugs to control pain in swine. Swine whole blood samples were cultured in vitro with E. coli derived-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or without LPS for 24 h. Supernatants from these cultures were collected to determine the concentration of proteins associated with pain and whether the levels were altered in response to LPS-induced inflammation. Bradykinin protein levels steadily increased over time due to LPS stimulation and returned to 0 h levels after 6 h of culture. Corticotrophin-releasing factor protein levels were not affected by LPS. Substance-P protein trended towards increasing concentrations after LPS stimulation, following a time-concentration profile similar to that observed with bradykinin. These results suggest that 2 biomarkers may be useful as surrogate endpoints for evaluation of pain.
Stochastic coordinate-exchange optimal designs with complex constraints

AbstractThe paper provides a method to construct the exact optimal experimental designs for both physical and computer experiments with any regular or irregularly constrained design space. We modif...
Immune modulation and cancer control.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses immune modulation and cancer control. Cytotoxic responses may be prevented at several levels of the immune reaction. If the tumor is non- or only weakly antigenic, the immunologically specific response may be absent or too weak to be effective, particularly in the presence of immunosuppressive factors. It is assumed that the tumor is antigenic and that specific tumor-directed immunity is present. The most conclusive proof for effective in vivo killing of the tumor cells may require the demonstration of cytotoxic reactivity using the patient's own serum and tumor cells or patient's lymphoid or other effectors and tumor cells. The correlation between in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo effects at a particular time may not be precise or may be absent because of other factors contributing to tumor regression (e.g., chemotherapy, other treatments), and also because of the time lag between either tumor regression and the disappearance of blocking factors from the serum (or other body fluid) or between the occurrence of blocking factors and tumor progression as estimated clinically. Correlation between the result of cytotoxic tests and the clinical regression may thus require repeated tests. Conversely, increased inhibitory activity might precede the clinical progression of the tumor.
Proceedings of the first international workshop on High performance computing, networking and analytics for the power grid

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 1st International Workshop on High Performance Computing, Networking and Analytics for the Power Grid -- HiPCNA-PG 2011. Sensor deployments on the grid are expected to increase geometrically in the immediate future, while the demand for clean energy generation is driving the use of non-dispatchable power sources, such as solar and wind. New demands are being placed on the power infrastructure due to the introduction of plug-in vehicles. These trends reinforce the need for higher fidelity simulation of power grids, and higher frequency measurement of their state. Traditional grid simulation and monitoring tools cannot handle the increased amounts of sensor data or computation imposed by these trends. The use of high performance computing and networking technologies is of paramount importance for the future power grid, particularly for its stable operation in the presence of intermittent generation and increased demands placed on its infrastructure. The HiPCNA-PG workshop intends to promote the use of high performance computing and networking for power grid applications. Technological and policy changes make this an urgent priority. The call for papers attracted 10 submissions from France, the United Kingdom, India, and the United States. The program committee accepted 10 papers that cover a variety of topics, including next generation mathematical methods and models, new applications of HPC to the power grid and several proposals for new networking and software platforms. In addition, the program includes a keynote speech by Prof. Daniel Kirschen (University of Washington) titled "High Performance Computing in Power Systems: Demand Pull and Technology Push". We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for power grid & computational researchers and developers.
Dynamical adjustment of two streams past their confluence

We consider the dynamic adjustment between two streams past their confluence. Lateral mixing is ignored because it is significant only on longer distances. The theory predicts an exponential decay ...