cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acquisition of Linguistic and Cognitive Skills by Children With Cleft Palate

This study compared the early cognitive and linguistic development of young children with cleft palate (N = 28) to that of noncleft children (N = 29). Measures included the Mental scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, the Minnesota Child Development Inventory, Mean Length of Utterance, and words acquired by 24 months. Children with cleft palate, although well within the normal range, performed significantly below the children in the control group on the Mental Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, some subscales of the Minnesota Child Development Inventory, and words acquired by 24 months. Differences observed in the cognitive development of children with and without cleft palate were verbal as opposed to nonverbal (i.e., linguistic in nature) and were related to hearing status at 12 months and velopharyngeal adequacy.
0.8-13.5 Micron Spectroscopy of IRAS 07077+1536: A Dusty Carbon Star

Contemporaneous near-infrared (0.8–2.5 μm) and infrared (3–14 μm) spectroscopy is presented of the previously uncharacterized IRAS source 07077+1536. The data show it to be a carbon star embedded in a circumstellar dust envelope. The near-infrared spectrum displays molecular absorption features of C2, CN, and CO, while the 11 μm emission feature from SiC is present in the thermal infrared. The spectral energy distribution of IRAS 07077+1536 is similar to the so-called extreme carbon stars in that it consists primarily of a reddened stellar photosphere and thermal dust emission. However, the extinction is much less and the dust significantly warmer (~900 K vs. ~300 K) than in extreme carbon stars such as AFGL 3068. IRAS 07077+1536 is also unusually bright shortward of 0.5 μm, an aspect that could be due to variability but may indicate the presence of a binary companion or a foreground star.
Robust spectro-temporal features based on autoregressive models of Hilbert envelopes

In this paper, we present a robust spectro-temporal feature extraction technique using autoregressive models (AR) of sub-band Hilbert envelopes. AR models of Hilbert envelopes are derived using frequency domain linear prediction (FDLP). From the sub-band Hilbert envelopes, spectral features are derived by integrating these envelopes in short-term frames and the temporal features are formed by converting these envelopes into modulation frequency components. The spectral and temporal feature streams are then combined at the phoneme posterior level and are used as the input features for a recognition system. For the proposed features, robustness is achieved by using novel techniques of noise compensation and gain normalization. Phoneme recognition experiments on telephone speech in the HTIMIT database show significant performance improvements for the proposed features when compared to other robust feature techniques (average relative reduction of 10.6 % in phoneme error rate). In addition to the overall phoneme recognition rates, the performance with broad phonetic classes is also reported.
Prophylactic use of the intro-aortic balloon pump in high-risk cardiac patients undergoing noncardiac surgery: A decision analytic view

Abstract objective: As the indications for the intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) continue to evolve, a potential new use may be the prophylactic preoperative insertion of the IABP in the highrisk cardiac patient undergoing noncardiac surgery. Our objective is to present a general approach to the high-risk cardiac patient who may benefit from the prophylactic insertion of the IABP. design: Case reports and a decision analysis. methods: A decision model was constructed that weighs the risk of life-threatening postoperative complications against the risk of vascular complications, including surgery and possible amputation, from IABP insertion. results and conclusions: A review of the literature identified 10 patients who underwent IABP placement prior to noncardiac surgery. These patients, along with our three cases, define a population of patients for whom the prophylactic IABP may be useful. This population includes patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) for whom bypass grafting is not an option due to: (1) inoperable CAD; (2) a severe coexisting disease process (such as a malignancy); or (3) the emergent nature of the noncardiac procedure. The decision analysis suggests that patients whose preoperative assessment places them at very high risk for postoperative complications (Goldman class IV or Detsky class III undergoing major surgery) may benefit the most from prophylactic placement of an IABP prior to noncardiac surgery.
Eliot and the Orphic Way

HE German martyr of 1945, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, is not today the powerfully influential presence in theology that he was in the two decades that came to a close at the end of the 1960's. Yet the pressure of the legacy preserved in his Letters and Papers from Prison is still deeply felt, most especially in the mandate that Bonhoeffer there laid upon his contemporaries to search for '"a non-religious way" of conceiving the ultimate pattern of life and for a new method of speaking '"in secular fashion of God."' Indeed, the impulse that is almost everywhere controlling the theological imagination in our period is one that prompts a very profound reformation of religious sensibility-in the direction of a relinquishment of all those supernaturalist postulates of classical theism that have tended, in effect, to locate human existence at a point of intersection between the two spheres of Nature and Supernature. The whole framework of the theologia perennis, it would seem, has at last been quite thoroughly emptied of cogency, and its grammar is no longer felt to be conformable with the natural assumptions of modern intelligence which give us no good reason for supposing the universe to have a second story or some "realm ... over and above or behind the processes of nature and history which perforates this world or breaks it by supranatural intervention."2 Fundamental reflection on human experience does, of course, still inevitably entail the pondering of questions that are of an essentially religious order. For
Focal paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis presenting as orgasmic epilepsy.

Purpose: To report orgasmic epilepsy as a manifestation of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis in a patient with small cell lung cancer. Case report: A 57 years-old woman presented with 2 month history of daily spells that consisted of a sudden pleasure provoking feeling described ‘like an orgasm’ lasting for 30 s to 1 min. She was a heavy smoker and had noted recent weight loss. Bronchial biopsy, following the finding of a right lung mass, confirmed the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Spells subsided after starting carbamazepine. The lung cancer was treated with chemotherapy and chest radiation therapy resulting in a complete radiologic response. Results: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed left temporal lobe area of increased signal on T2 and FLAIR sequence. T1-weighted images after contrast administration demonstrated a circumscribed area of enhancement in the left anterior medial temporal lobe. Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed focal left mid-temporal sharp waves and intermittent slowing. Anti-Hu antibodies were detected in her serum supporting a diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis as the cause of her orgasmic epilepsy. The patient has been followed for 2 years after treatment without tumor recurrence or neurological deterioration. Conclusion: Orgasmic epilepsy is another mode of presentation of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis leading to the diagnosis of an occult SCLC. EEG and MRI findings suggest that in this case the seizures originated from the left hemisphere. It is possible that early recognition and treatment of the SCLC will improve the prognosis of this neurologic entity.
To thy own self be true: finding the utility of cognitive information feedback

This study utilized Extended MSE Analysis to investigate the effects of two types of cognitive feedback on judgmental accuracy. Participants judged the income levels of respondents to the General Social Survey in both dilution and non-dilution scenarios, received feedback, and then repeated those judgments. Task information feedback produced improvements in judgmental accuracy, and this improvement occurred primarily from a reduction in the standard deviation of participants' judgments and an increase in the consistency with which they applied their judgment policies. Cognitive information feedback produced little effect when presented alone, but produced accuracy gains superior to all other conditions when combined with task information. We conclude by discussing the specific conditions whereby each form of feedback is likely to be effective. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POST-PRODUCTION HEAVY OIL OPERATIONS: A CASE FOR PARTIAL UPGRADING

This paper investigates the economic viability of post-production partial upgrading, specifically visbreaking, of heavy oil. We evaluate the potential technical and economic advantages and disadvantages of using visbreaking as a tool for reducing diluent use. Additionally, we identify the cost and energy drivers affecting the economic performance of this partial upgrading operation through a probabilistic Net Present Value (NPV) analysis. We have created a screening tool that can be used for a preliminary evaluation of visbreaking for transportation of heavy-oil solvent systems. Partial upgrading at the wellsite can potentially reduce operational costs to producers and transportation companies. A comparative economic study offered by this test can be used to make decisions on whether to proceed to a more detailed investigation of the process. Importantly, we have created a first-pass standardization tool for the screening of heavy oils for partial upgrading. Visbreaking can prove to be an economically favorable addition or, perhaps, even an alternative to blending heavy oil prior to pipeline transportation. In fact, operational costs of visbreaking are offset by the reduced cost of diluent and capital expenditures that can be mitigated within a reasonable time frame. Finally, we conclude that the altered fluid properties of a visbroken product require less energy per barrel for transportation, which translates to a more attractive economic scenario for transportation for the two baseline cases presented.
Magnetic resonance evaluation of congenital uterine anomalies.

Congenital malformations of the uterus (also known as mullerian duct anomalies) exist as a spectrum of disorders; each of these, to some extent, is associated with reproductive dysfunction. Significant improvements in imaging methods such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance have the potential to eliminate the need for invasive evaluation of patients with suspected uterine anomalies. This article reviews the relevant embryology and classification of mullerian duct anomalies as well as the relationship between the imaging features and general therapeutic options.
Immediate Postoperative Radiographs After Shoulder Arthroplasty Are Often Poor Quality and Do Not Alter Care

Background It is technically difficult to obtain high-quality, postoperative shoulder radiographs immediately after surgery. Further, poor-quality radiographs may be unlikely to change clinical practice or improve patient outcomes. We therefore questioned the value of routine postoperative radiographs after shoulder arthroplasty.
Do children retain what they are taught

Burn prevention lectures instituted in early childhood education is believed to have decreased burn-related injuries in children. Validation of retention of information to verify effectiveness of school lectures is needed. A pretest and posttest were developed to measure the retention of burn prevention methods taught to students. The pretests were administered by the teachers to fourth and fifth graders (n = 500) one day before the prevention lecture. Programs were taught assembly style. The teachers were asked to reissue the posttest within 2 days after the program. The tests were then returned to the community educator. The test included 15 multiple choice questions. Questions addressed escaping a burning building and burn prevention items such as cooking, first aid tips, and other general prevention ideas. Test results showed overall improvement of scores. Additional analysis showed that though test scores improved, there was less improvement in scores of inner-city students. Pretesting and posttesting has provided valuable information regarding student learning. It has also identified target groups and areas where increased efforts of prevention programs must be directed. Language: en
The effect of enzymes and other reagents on NADPH oxidation and oxygen uptake by microsomal preparations from the housefly, Musca domestica

Abstract 1. 1. Microsomes prepared from housefly abdomens were treated with enzymes and other reagents known to solubilize enzymes from particulate preparations. The effects of treatment with sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, two proteinases (trypsin and subtilisin), two snake venoms (Crotalus adamanteus and Vipera russelli), phospholipase A and phospholipase C were determined. 2. 2. Trypsin and sodium cholate inhibited NADPH oxidation and oxygen uptake and converted cytochrome P450 to cytochrome P420. 3. 3. Crotalus venom, Russell's viper venom, and phospholipase A inhibited NADPH oxidation and oxygen uptake. Although Russell's viper venom and phospholipase A converted cytochrome P450 to cytochrome P420 this effect was not observed with Crotalus venom. 4. 4. No effects were observed with sodium deoxycholate, subtilisin or phospholipase C.
Proteolipid Protein: Is It More than Just a Structural Component of Myelin?

Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant protein of central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Because of its predicted topography, PLP has been assumed to function as a structural component of myelin, providing stability and maintaining the compact lamellar structure. However, developmental studies have shown that the PLP gene is active long before myelination begins. This and other evidence from various PLP mutants and transgenic models has fueled speculation that PLP or other products of the gene have additional, nonstructural roles both within and outside the CNS. PLP is structurally related to a family of ion channel proteins which includes the connexins, synaptophysins and various neurotransmitter receptors, and there is some experimental evidence which supports a role for PLP in ion gating. Other provocative ideas are that the PLP gene may influence autocrine signaling within oligodendrocytes or that PLP mRNAs have a function apart from protein coding.
The Commitment of Delinquents to their Misdeeds: Do Delinquents Drift?

In the field of delinquency many sociologisits have subscribed to the subcultural notion that delinquents share values that are in opposition to the dominant culture; Matza (1964) has alternatively suggested that delinquents and non-delinquents share similar moral prohibitions, but that episodic release from moral constraint (“drift”) allows the delinquents to engage in delinquent behavior. Sixty-nine Ss were asked to report on their involvment in 26 delinquent activities; they were also asked to evaluate each activity along an approval-disapproval continuum. For 13 of the 15 delinquent activities that could be analyzed, those engaging in the act were significantly (p < .05) more approving of the act those not engaging in the act. These findings do not support Matza and call into question the necessity of postulating the notion of drift.
Indium tin oxide template development for step and flash imprint lithography

Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) is an attractive method for printing sub-100 nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes S-FIL has the advantage that the template is transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. Previous work on S-FIL templates has focused on a chromium and quartz pattern transfer process that is compatible with processes that are currently used in mask shops. It is likely that 1X templates will require electron beam inspection, however, and templates that include buried charge conduction layers may be required. The purpose of this work was to investigate the issues associated with fabricating and inspecting these types of templates. The patterning stack examined included a layer of ZEP520A positive electron beam resist, followed by thin layers of chromium, silicon oxynitride, and indium tin oxide. The chromium layer was needed to avoid laser height sensor problems encountered prior to electron beam exposure. The pattern transfer process was characterized, and CD uniformity was characterized in four quadrants of the photoplate. A prototype electron beam inspection system was then used to inspect an array of programmed defect patterns. Two methods for fabricating templates were considered.
Silicon-on-Insulator MOSFETs with Hybrid Crystal Orientations

Novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures are presented on hybrid orientation substrates (SuperHOT), i.e. with nFETs on (100) surface orientation and pFETs on (110) orientation, using silicon lateral overgrowth. Functional SOI MOSFETs and ring oscillators are demonstrated
A natural semantics for modal logic over databases

Abstract Using model theoretic forcing we give two interpretations of modal logic with non- monotone, semantically defined, consequence operations. The resulting logic is related to the theory of updates in databases.
Women of color in IT: degree trends and policy implications

Research on the degree trends in information technology focuses either on gender OR racial gaps. Since degree trends are different for women of color than for white women, it may be the case that what works for one group will not work for the other. Therefore, policy designed to increase women of color in the information technology workforce should be based on research on women of color. In the absence of such research, policy is often based on research either on men of color or white women. Basing policy for women of color on research or men of color or research on white women results in practices and initiatives that are flawed at best, and ineffective at worst. Therefore, much research needs to be done on women of color - specifically, African Americans and Hispanics.
A Mathematical-Systems Approach To a Synthesis of Scientific Methodology

Research methodology, in both the natural and social sciences, is conventionally presented as a set of separate techniques. Since instruments of science can, however, be treated as systems, representation by mathematical functions is generally feasible. A simplified notational system for systems representation is presented, then applied to the development of a unified systems concep tualization of basic research operations including: measurement, representation, simulation, theory construction, data searching, and h ypo thesis-testing.
Calcium-Dependent Control of Corticotropin Release in Rat Anterior Pituitary Cell Cultures

The role of calcium in the stimulation of ACTH secretion by CRF and other regulators was studied in rat anterior pituitary cells. Incubation of cultured pituitary cells in normal calcium with CRF, vasopressin, angiotensin II, or norepinephrine increased the rate of ACTH release for up to 45 min and then became constant for up to 3 h. In the absence of extracellular calcium, the initial rate of stimulated secretion was unaffected, but after 45 min the secretion rate decreased by 40% for CRF and to a greater extent for the other stimuli. Addition of calcium after 90 min in calcium-free medium restored the CRFstimulated ACTH release rate to the control value. The absence of extracellular calcium had no effect on CRF-stimulated cAMP accumulation, but intracellular calcium depletion by preincubation of the cells with EGTA completely inhibited CRF-stimulated cAMP production and ACTH release. The voltagedependent calcium channel antagonist nitrendipine and the calcium channel agonist BK 8644 had little effect on...
Board independence and CEO pay

This paper presents a model where a board of directors not completely independent from the CEO set the CEO’s pay. We show that the board’s monitoring intensity and the equilibrium pay-performance sensitivity of CEO’s pay are increasing in the board’s independence. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Access to emergency care: restricted by long waiting times and cost and coverage concerns.

Abstract Study objective We monitor progress toward Healthy People 2010 objectives of reducing health disparities and decreasing delay and difficulty in access to emergency care. Methods This was a secondary analysis of 2001 National Health Interview Survey interviews of 33,326 adults to provide population-based estimates of self-reported delay, difficulty, or inability to get care from a hospital emergency department (ED) in the preceding 12 months. Results About 7.7% of the estimated 36.6 million adults who sought care in a hospital ED in the preceding 12 months reported a delay in receiving care, having difficulty receiving care, or being unable to receive care. Waiting times were the most frequently noted cause of problems. Concerns about service costs and insurance coverage were also commonly cited access barriers. Access problems were more likely to be reported by adults without health insurance, younger adults, adults in fair or poor health, and adults with annual incomes of less than $20,000. Conclusion Self-reported access to ED care is impeded by prolonged waiting times and by cost and insurance coverage concerns. These access problems are occurring more frequently among groups that face multiple social and economic disadvantages. Hospital operational changes to reduce ED treatment delays and health care financing policies that reduce insurance coverage inequities may both be needed to meet these Healthy People 2010 objectives.
Cbln3, a Novel Member of the Precerebellin Family that Binds Specifically to Cbln1

Precerebellin (Cbln1) is the precursor of the brain-specific hexadecapeptide cerebellin. Although cerebellin has properties of a conventional neuropeptide, its function is controversial because Cbln1 has structural features characteristic of circulating atypical collagens. Cbln1 is related to the three subunits of the complement C1q complex. Therefore, we hypothesized that Cbln1 participated in analogous heteromeric complexes with precerebellin-related proteins. Using LexA-Cbln1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we isolated a cDNA encoding a novel Cbln1-related protein, designated Cbln3. The gene encoding cbln 3 had the same intron–exon structure as cbln 1 but mapped to a different mouse chromosome (14). The deduced amino acid sequence of Cbln3 was 55% identical to Cbln1 and also contained a C1q signature domain and signal sequence for secretion. In addition to binding avidly to Cbln3, Cbln1 also formed homomeric complexes. In contrast, Cbln3 homomeric association was weak. These interactions exhibited specificity because C1qB bound to neither Cbln1 nor Cbln3. Like cbln 1, cbln 3 was expressed in the cerebellum and dorsal cochlear nucleus in which it was detected in granule neurons. Because Cbln1 and Cbln3 are coexpressed in the brain and interact avidly, they may function as a secreted heteromeric complex in vivo .
Problems Associated with Treating the Elderly as a Homogeneous Market

For some time marketing researchers have called upon their practitioner counterparts to take heed of a growing segment in the U.S. -- that segment known as the elderly. As early as 1960 demographers began to chart the growing population trend that those 55 years and older were increasing at a rate much faster than than other age segments of the population (Business Week 1960). By the mid 1970’s it was concluded that the elderly population was growing at twice the rate of the population as a whole (Brotman 1977) and this was confirmed by the research of Linden (1986) who found that the 65 years and older age segment was growing at a 2.52 percent annual pace, while the rest of the population was growing at only a 1.16 percent rate. And even as late as 1985 it was argued that the elderly market was still a neglected target for consideration (Visvabharathy and Rink 1985). Though one could develop support for this argument, the prepon-derance of evidence appears to be quite the contrary.
Evolving agents as a metaphor for the developing child.

The emerging field of Evolutionary Computation (EC), inspired by neo-Darwinian principles (e.g. natural selection, mutation, etc.), offers developmental psychologists a wide array of mathematical tools for simulating ontogenetic processes. In this brief review, I begin by highlighting three of the approaches that EC researchers employ (Artificial Life, evolutionary robotics and comparative stochastic optimization). I then focus on the advantages of using comparative stochastic optimization as a method for studying development. As a concrete example, I illustrate the design and implementation of an EC model that simulates the development of reaching in young infants.
Tst-1, a member of the POU domain gene family, binds the promoter of the gene encoding the cell surface adhesion molecule P0.

Abstract Tst-1, a member of the POU domain gene family, is expressed in specific neurons and in myelinating glia in the mammalian nervous system. Bacterially expressed Tst-1 binds specifically to the promoter of the gene encoding myelin protein P0, a Schwann cell surface adhesion molecule. In cotransfection assays, Tst-1 can specifically repress the P0 promoter. The N-terminal part of Tst-1 protein is highly glycine- and alanine-rich, a structural feature shared by the helix-loop-helix protein TFEB.
Bourdieu in Contention and Deliberation: Response to Lamont and Lizardo

This essay responds to Lamont’s (2011) article ‘‘How Has Bourdieu Been Good to Think With? The Case of the United States,’’ and Lizardo’s (2011) essay ‘‘The Three Phases of Bourdieu’s U.S. Reception,’’ both of which appear in this issue.
First Conversations Verbal Content of Mother-Newborn Interaction

Conversations of 48 mothers were recorded with audiotapes while they interacted with their newborn infants in the first 10 minutes after birth in an El Paso, Texas, birth center. Of the women recorded, 34 were Hispanic; 14 were Anglo. Analysis of verbal content revealed that, unlike previously reported studies, comments about the infant's eyes or resemblance to family members were rare or lacking entirely. Far more frequent than reported by others were questions or comments about the infant's gender. It is postulated that differences in verbal content among studies of these first "conversations" may be due to (1) different time intervals for recording or (2) different sociocultural backgrounds of the women observed (mother-infant interaction, language, and ethnicity).
Seismological constraints on the South African superplume; could be the oldest distinct structure on earth

A recent study of the lower mantle structure beneath Africa revealed strong lateral changes in S-velocity extending upward from the core–mantle boundary to about 1500 km. SKS travel times observed on the South African Array display jumps of about 6 s when ray paths cross these nearly vertical boundaries. Back projecting these delays onto the core–mantle boundary allows a clear image of the horizontal extent of this structure starting at mid-Africa (15°S, 5°E) where it strikes roughly northwest to beyond the tip of South Africa (45°S, 55°E) where it bends toward the Indian Ocean. Waveform sections of S, ScS, SKS, and SKKS are modeled along two corridors, one along strike and one at right angles to establish its uniformity. The structure is about 1200 km wide and has about a 3% drop in S-velocity although some small-scale features are apparent in the roof structure and midsection. If this structure is stabilized by a localized viscosity condition or a dense core as suggested by some joint inversions, gravity, and free oscillations, it may be isolated from mantle stirring and therefore very old with unique chemistry.
Effect of pulp cleaning zone on gangue control in column flotation

Abstract A physical modelling technique has been used to evaluate the role of the zone between the feed inlet and the pulp froth interface (pulp cleaning zone) to control gangue recovery in column flotation. The behavior of gangue was simulated using Ottawa sand having d80 of 150 ,um and 250 pm. The column used had an internal diameter of 0.06 m and the dispersion height was maintained at 0.84 m. By varying the feed position, the average solid concentration in the pulp cleaning zone was estimated. The results obtained indicate that a 0.20 m separation between the feed inlet and the interface was sufficient to effect the rejection of coarse gangue particles. Under similar operating conditions, the finer material exhibited negligible changes in the solid hold-up in this zone, thus indicating that the transport mechanisms for fine and coarse particles in flotation columns are different. The implications of these findings in column flotation are discussed.
Hegel on Crime and Punishment

Hegel's theory of crime and punishment is tested by raising against it three difficult questions: Why must we punish the criminal? Must the punishment fit the crime? Is insanity an acceptable defense? It is argued that a Hegelian approach can generate plausible answers to these questions, answers that help to explain and justify a number of our own morally implicated practices. It is further argued that Hegel's method of arriving at such answers is by no means alien to those employed by contemporary analytic philosophers.
Accountability and Independence: Administrative Law Judges and NLBR Rulings

There is an inherent tension in the delegation of authority to bureaucratic agencies between accountability and independence. Authority is delegated to agencies because elected representatives typically do not possess the level of expertise to make detailed policy decisions. The reliance on this expertise leads to a great deal of independence for agencies. However, too much independence can lead to a lack of accountability to the democratic representatives of the people. While the normative debate might never be resolved, we examine the degree of accountability and independence of Administrative Law Judges of the National Labor Relations Board by examining their decisions from 1991 to 2006. Using ordered logit we examine the influence of policy preference, law and political control to determine the extent of ALJ independence and accountability. We find elements of accountability and independence present. We find that ALJ’s are comparable to Federal District Court judges in that they use ideology in their rulings and are also subject to hierarchical control by higher courts. In addition we find that they exhibit bureaucratic tendencies in that they are subject to control by some elements of the political system, particularly Congress.
Acquired tricuspid valve stenosis due to intentionally redundant transvenous lead placement for VDD pacing in two small dogs

Placement of an endocardial VDD pacing lead in small dogs (<12 kg) may necessitate a redundant lead remaining looped in the right atrium for appropriate sensing and pacing. This report documented acquired tricuspid valve stenosis in two small dogs between 8 months and 4 years after VDD pacemaker placement for third-degree atrioventricular block. Echocardiography and Doppler echocardiography identified elevated transtricuspid flow velocities, prolonged pressure half-times, decreased valve leaflet excursions, and tricuspid regurgitation in both cases. Both cases were euthanized secondary to this pacing complication. Necropsy was performed in one case and confirmed adherence between the redundant lead loop, atrial and valve tissue. While VDD pacing in dogs has proven hemodynamic benefits, these benefits have not been demonstrated in terms of survival benefit or clinical signs. The requirement of redundant lead placement in small dogs for appropriate VDD lead function creates potential deleterious effects that should be weighed against the possible clinical value of VDD pacing in these patients.
A New Calcarisporium Parasitic on Other Fungi

(1958). A New Calcarisporium Parasitic on Other Fungi. Mycologia: Vol. 50, No. 4, pp. 497-500.
Performance of Unstructured Navier Stokes Solvers on Multi-Core Cluster Architectures

By its nature, the cache optimization of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is most readily assessed on relatively simple geometries and on problems that only require core routines. Having previously conducted cache optimization on the unstructured two-/three-dimensional code UNCLE, we are now examining in detail what effect these improvements have on the performance of this code. L1, L2 and TLB cache performance is compared between different versions of the Uncle code. Then, the performance characteristics of this code are compared to another unstructured code, icoFoam, which is part of the OpenFOAM (Open Field Operation and Manipulation) CFD toolbox. The analysis considers the effects of running these codes on single core processors and multi-core commodity processors in parallel. Code modifications to improve code performance in these flows through cache-usage optimization will be presented, and the overall ability to translate code performance from core routines and simple geometries to widespread practical applications are discussed.
GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF OUTCROSSING IN THE CLEISTOGAMOUS ANNUAL, IMPATIENS CAPENSIS. I. POPULATION-GENETIC STRUCTURE.

We examined the genetic structure of 11 populations of Impatiens capensis, a cleistogamous annual herb, using starch gel electrophoresis. We sampled both cleistogamous (CL) and chasmogamous (CH) progeny (if present) from maternal parents in each population to infer maternal genotypes and to estimate the extent and pattern of inbreeding within and among populations. Only eight of 31 loci were polymorphic, with one to six (mean = 3.1) loci varying within each population. Mean heterozygosity per individual is quite low (mean = 3.9%) and comparable to highly self-fertilized species. Gene flow is low, and genetic distances do not parallel geographical distances, suggesting a population structure similar to Wright's Island model with drift among the populations. Fixation indexes within populations (f or FIS ) span the largest range yet reported for a plant species (0.26 to 0.94, mean = 0.57). Further inbreeding results from population substructuring (θ^ or FST=0.46), resulting in a total average inbreeding coefficient (F or FIT ) of 0.77. Despite these high overall levels of inbreeding, chasmogamy significantly reduces fixation, which may account for the observed greater fitness of CH progeny.
Pharmacokinetics service for ambulatory patients

The use of an EMIT-based serum analysis and clinical pharmacokinetics service at a family practice medical group was evaluated. The baseline level of serum drug concentration (SDC) requests per month was determined in a six-month analysis. After the purchase of the EMIT equipment and the initiation of the service, records were maintained to evaluate the cost of providing the service and its effect on the number of assays performed. This study also determined: (1) how often the pharmacist's recommendations were followed by the physicians, (2) whether the pharmacist's predicted SDC corresponded with the actual concentration, and (3) the effect of an inservice pharmacokinetics educational program on physicians' knowledge, as determined by pre- and post-testing. The requests for SDCs were found to increase from monthly average of 18 to 47 during the first year of the program's operation. The service was found to be financially self-supporting. Family practitioners concurred with the pharmacists' recommendations 97% of the time. Through the use of pharmacokinetic equations and compliance data, the pharmacists were able to predict SDC, with 91% accuracy for compliant patients. The physicians' test scores improved from 59% to 79% after the educational program. The SDC assay service (independent of the consultation service provided by faculty members and students) was self-supporting. Assessment of compliance appears to be a necessary part of an ambulatory pharmacokinetics service in accurately predicting SDC values.
Noise and reverberation effects on depression detection from speech

Speech-based depression detection has gained importance in recent years, but most research has used relatively quiet conditions or examined a single corpus per study. Little is thus known about the robustness of speech cues in the wild. This study compares the effect of noise and reverberation on depression prediction using 1 ) standard mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs), and 2) features designed for noise robustness, damped oscillator cepstral coefficients (DOCCs). Data come from the 2014 Audio-Visual Emotion Recognition Challenge (AVEC). Results using additive noise and reverberation reveal a consistent pattern of findings for multiple evaluation metrics under both matched and mismatched conditions. First and most notably: standard MFCC features suffer dramatically under test/train mismatch for both noise and reverberation; DOCC features are far more robust. Second, including higher-order cepstral coefficients is generally beneficial. Third, artificial neural networks tend to outperform support vector regression. Fourth, spontaneous speech appears to offer better robustness than read speech. Finally, a cross-corpus (and cross-language) experiment reveals better noise and reverberation robustness for DOCCs than for MFCCs. Implications and future directions for real-world robust depression detection are discussed.
How White Is a ‘White Lie?’

It is no accident that one of the first articles I wrote on deception appeared in The Grapevine (7962, 4, 10–15), published by Alcoholics Anonymous. It is a common saying in AA circles that every alcoholic is a “liar,” and that he cannot get sober until he gets honest. Accordingly, six of The 12 Recovery Steps of AA (1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10) have to do either with the admission of past deception, or amendment of the injustices and harm thus done to others. In 1962 there was still very little emphasis in professional circles on what Ellenberger (1966) has recently, and very aptly, called “the pathogenic secret.” But long before 1962 it was already apparent that Alcoholics Anonymous was a “going concern,” and I was glad to give “clinical” witness to the harmfulness of deception (and the healing power of truth), and to have this brief piece accepted for publication in The Grapevine.
Constrained linearization of embedded position error signals (PES) [magnetic disk storage]

Aggressive growth in areal densities in magnetic disk storage requires increasing accuracies in the tracking control system. This requires advances in the drive mechanics, sophisticated feedback/feedforward control strategies and the ability to obtain legitimate off-track position information from the drive media using advanced read/write heads. All the drive components are subjected to huge manufacturing tolerances that compromise design margins, requiring in-drive calibrations for yield improvements. In this paper, methods to improve the accuracy of position sensing are discussed.
The New Digital Media Value Network: Proposing an Interactive Model of DIgital Media Value Activities

This study models the dynamic nature of today’s media markets using the framework of value-adding activities in the provision and consumption of media products. The proposed user-centric approach introduces the notion that the actions of external users, social media, and interfaces affect the internal value activities of media firms via a feedback loop, and therefore should themselves be considered value activities. The model also suggests a more comprehensive list of indicators for value assessment.
Modeling cumulative defensive resource allocation against a strategic attacker in a multi-period multi-target sequential game

Abstract This paper fills a literature gap by investigating the strategic interactions between an attacker and a defender with a multi-period multi-target game. At each period, the defender allocates a limited amount of defensive resources over multiple targets, and the attacker assigns some attack probabilities to those targets. We consider four scenarios where the defender could be either myopic or long-sighted, and the defense could be carried over to future periods or not. Our analyses characterize the defender's optimal allocations in these four scenarios and develop a n algorithm to identify the optimal allocations. We find that increases in defense carryover could lead to less allocation to defended targets from the second period at equilibrium, and lead to defending more targets. To gather empirical evidence regarding one key function of the model - success probability of attack, we conduct statistical analysis based on datasets from Global Terrorism Database, which is provided by National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism (START) and the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI) grant allocations from FY 2004 to FY 2012. We conclude that in general, effects of defense resources on reducing success probability of attack are mixed due to scarcity of terrorism data.
Investigating the BOLD spectral power of the intrinsic connectivity networks in fibromyalgia patients: A resting-state fMRI study

Recent advances in multivariate statistical analysis of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided novel insights into the network organization of the human brain. Here, we applied group independent component analysis, a well-established approach for detecting brain intrinsic connectivity networks, to examine the spontaneous BOLD fluctuations in patients with fibromyalgia and healthy controls before and after exposure to a stressor. The BOLD spectral power characteristics of component time courses were calculated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm, and group comparison was performed at six frequency bins between 0 and 0.24 Hz at 0.04 Hz intervals. Relative to controls, patients with fibromyalgia displayed significant BOLD spectral power differences in the default-mode, salience, and subcortical networks at the baseline level (P Bon ferroni-corrected FDR-corrected < 0.05). Since the BOLD spectral power reflects the degree of fluctuations within a network, future studies of the correlation between BOLD spectral power and pain processing can cast additional light on the nature of the central nervous system dysfunction in patients with chronic pain syndromes.
High-intensity interval exercise attenuates but does not eliminate endothelial dysfunction after a fast food meal

Two similar high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols performed ∼18 h before ingestion of a high-energy fast food meal attenuated but did not entirely eliminate postprandial endothelial dys...
Parental response to intruder females altered by ornamentation and mate quality in a biparental fish

Parents jointly defend their pair-bond against females that are potential mates for the male but sexual rivals for the females. We experimentally exposed breeding pairs of convict cichlids to conspecific females that differed in their reproductive state, advertised via conspicuous ornamentation. We found parental females responded aggressively to reproductive females and that parental males also behaved aggressively, particularly when mated to smaller females. These results suggest cooperation, not conflict, between parents to address potential pair-bond threats.
Using Systems Dynamics to Operationalize Process Theory in Information Systems Research

The nature of quantitative research in information systems has been dominated by variance theories. Variance theories comprise constructs or variables and propositions or hypotheses linking them. Typically, researchers identify independent variables and a dependent variable and collect data to verify the hypothesized relationship between the two sets of variables. One of the major shortcomings of such an approach is that the temporal dimension is often lost because data are collected at a given point in time. In this paper, we present a research method that operationalizes process theory. Process theory recognizes that variables change over time and interact with each other. This approach is particularly useful to study the conversion of IT investments into IT assets, or the conversion of IT assets into organizational value. This conversion process, which is often subsumed into the black box that lies between the input (independent) variables and output (dependent) variable in variance theories, is recognized and formalized in process theory. We show how systems dynamics modeling can be used to operationalize process theory in the context of IS use. We demonstrate how we can study complex IS problems by developing dynamic hypotheses and then using systems dynamics modeling. The approach that we employ incorporates both qualitative (soft) and quantitative aspects and complements variance theory. We conclude by highlighting the contribution of this approach and the study results to both theory and research. Specific theoretical contributions lie in developing and communicating archetypal patterns of IS use as well as the ability to incorporate the effects of feedback in the context of IS use. An important contribution to research lies in the ability to explicitly relate IS use to productivity. The implication of such contributions to both theory and research is that practitioners can benefit from directly applicable results, especially when it comes to deciding management policies and strategies.
Cognitive Illusions and the Welcome Psychologism of Logicist Artificial Intelligence

We begin by using Johnson-Laird’s ingenious cognitive illusions (in which it seems that certain propositions can be deduced from given information, but really can’t) to raise the spectre of a naive brand of psychologism. This brand of psychologism would seem to be unacceptable, but an attempt to refine it in keeping with some suggestive comments from Jacquette eventuates in a welcome version of psychologism — one that can fuel logicist (or logic-based) AI, and thereby lead to a new theory of contextindependent reasoning (mental metalogic) grounded in human psychology, but one poised for unprecedented exploitation by machines.
Physiological and morphological properties of neurons in sphincter of Oddi region of the guinea pig

Intracellular recordings and dye injections were used to investigate neurons located in ganglia of the sphincter of Oddi (SO) region in guinea pigs. Four types of neurons were encountered based on physiological properties. The two most abundant types, tonic and phasic, had similar membrane characteristics and morphologies but yet could be differentiated by their spiking characteristics. Tonic cells spiked throughout a depolarizing current pulse and were sometimes spontaneously active. Phasic cells fired only a single action potential at the onset of a current pulse regardless of stimulus amplitude or duration. Both tonic and phasic cells had Dogiel type I morphologies. They typically had a single long process and several very short processes emanating from the soma. NADPH diaphorase activity was demonstrated in cells with similar morphologies, indicating that nitric oxide may be an intrinsic transmitter in some of these cells. Cells with a prolonged afterhyperpolarization (AH cells), similar to the type 1/AH cells of the gut, were rarely encountered. This finding was consistent with the observation that very few calbindin D-immunoreactive neurons exist in this region. Action potentials could not be generated in the fourth type of neuron, called nonspiking neurons, even though they did receive synaptic input. Most tonic and phasic cells received at least one nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). In addition, both slow EPSPs and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were observed. Most AH cells received only slow excitatory synaptic input.