cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Roller derby uniforms: The pleasures and dilemmas of sexualized attire

Previous research on gender and sports has focused on the ways women athletes emphasize their femininity to counter critics who conflate female athleticism with mannishness and lesbianism. My findings from an ethnographic study of three roller derby leagues suggest that many “rollergirls” view their hyper-feminine, sexualized uniforms as a playful and pleasurable expression of their sexual agency, not as a means to prove their femininity or heterosexuality. By combining these uniforms with a full-contact sport, rollergirls attempt to “undo gender” by actively resisting the gender binary that equates athleticism and toughness with masculinity. Yet my findings also illustrate the importance of considering the social context in which these performances take place. While rollergirls assert that wearing sexualized, feminine uniforms is a “choice,” others feel pressured to dress “sexy” in order to attract fans. In addition, their uniforms sometimes lead to unwanted attention from some men in the crowd who misin...
The Establishment of Banking Institutions in a Backward Economy: Brazil, 1800–1851

This study analyzes the Brazilian experience as a case study in the role of banking in the early stages of economic growth and development.
Focus On . . . Cash Balance Plans in the 21st Century, Part II

Part II of the author's examination of cash balance plans focuses on cash balance plan developments since the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA) was enacted. Despite all of the uncertainties that have surrounded cash balance plans for so long, they continue to be an increasingly important feature of the private retirement system.
Promoting the Future of Nursing by Increasing Zest for Research in Undergraduate Nursing Students

Nurses are expected to deliver cost-effective, high-quality care. In order to provide this care, nurse researchers are needed to evaluate and research effective health care models and interventions. By including research concepts within a baccalaureate nursing program, interest in nursing research can be increased. The purpose of this article is to present a case study of strategies used in an undergraduate liberal arts nursing program to promote zest in research and increase the pursuit of graduate studies among baccalaureate nursing students. Using the Bronfenbrenner ecological framework, the promotion of research is categorized into microsystems (individual), mesosystems (multiple setting), exosystems (program), and macrosystem (institutional culture) levels. The microsystem level includes engagement in the classroom, engagement in one-on-one meetings, and faculty members as role models. The mesosystem involves engagement outside the classroom and encouragement from faculty members. The exosystem level describes specific learning activities and programs the nursing department utilizes such as community assessments, preconception reproductive knowledge promotion, and women supporting women. Finally, the macrosystem includes a supportive and encouraging environment. By working together, each system contributes to the students' zest for nursing research and interest in graduate studies in nursing to pursue the role of a nurse researcher.
A comparative approach to cerebellar function: insights from electrosensory systems

Despite its simple and highly-ordered circuitry the function of the cerebellum remains a topic of vigorous debate. This review explores connections between the cerebellum and sensory processing structures that closely resemble the cerebellum in terms of their evolution, development, patterns of gene expression, and circuitry. Recent studies of cerebellum-like structures involved in electrosensory processing in fish have provided insights into the functions of granule cells and unipolar brush cells-cell types shared with the cerebellum. We also discuss the possibility, supported by recent studies, that generating and subtracting predictions of the sensory consequences of motor commands may be core functions shared by both cerebellum-like structures and the cerebellum.
Mild traumatic brain injury and suicide risk among a clinical sample of deployed military personnel: evidence for a serial mediation model of anger and depression

Research has demonstrated a robust link between traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and suicide risk. Yet, few studies have investigated factors that account for this link. Utilizing a clinical sample of deployed military personnel, this study aimed to examine a serial meditation model of anger and depression in the association of mild TBI and suicide risk. A total of 149 military service members referred for evaluation/treatment of a suspected head injury at a military hospital participated in the present study (92.6% male; Mage = 27.9y). Self-report measures included the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) anger and depression subscales, and Behavioral Health Measure-20 depression subscale. A current mild TBI diagnosis was confirmed by a licensed clinical psychologist/physician. Overall, 84.6% (126/149) of participants met diagnostic criteria for a current mild TBI. Bootstrapped serial mediation analyses indicated that the association of mild TBI and suicide risk is serially mediated by anger and depression symptoms (bias-corrected 95% confidence interval [CI] for the indirect effect = 0.044, 0.576). An alternate serial mediation model in which depression symptoms precede anger was not statistically significant (bias-corrected 95% CI for the indirect effect = -0.405, 0.050). Among a clinical sample of military personnel, increased anger and depression statistically mediated the association of mild TBI and suicide risk, and anger appears to precede depression in this pathway. Findings suggest that therapeutically targeting anger may serve to thwart the trajectory to suicide risk among military personnel who experience a mild TBI. Future research should investigate this conjecture within a prospective design to establish temporality.
E-070 Endovascular Techniques for Achievement of Better Flow Diverter Wall Apposition

Purpose Flow diverter malapposition as a technical complication with the use of the pipeline embolization device has been described and maybe is associated with delayed ischemic events or potentially delayed life-threatening aneurysm rupture. We describe our endovascular techniques for manipulation of flow diverters in order to achieve proper vessel wall apposition. Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed our flow diverter database and included all patients in whom malapposition of the device was detected on follow-up angiography immediately after device deployment. We then evaluated feasibility and technical success of different endovascular approaches aimed to correct the inadequate vessel wall apposition. Successful endovascular techniques for manipulation of the device included use of wires, catheters and additional devices. Final confirmation of flow diverter wall apposition prior to completion of the intervention was performed using 3D multi-planar cone-beam CT reconstruction images. Results We identified 5 successful endovascular techniques for better flow diverter wall apposition: 1) Use of a wire with a J, pigtail or S-shaped tip passed through the device, 2) Manipulation with a microcatheter, which can be used to press the PED against the vessel wall, 3) Balloon angioplasty of the malapposed segment, 4) Manipulation with an intermediate catheter, which can be used at the proximal edge or within the flow diverter to push the PED against the vessel wall, 5) Placement of another flow diverter within the previously placed FD to better oppose the ends and 6) Placement of an open-cell stent in telescopic fashion across the malapposed portion of the PED (proximal or distal edge). The Neuroform stent with its high outward radial force is an excellent adjunct treatment option to anchor the malapposed flow diverter against the vessel wall while permitting perforator patency. Conclusion Flow diverter malapposition can be addressed successfully during the interventional procedure using a variety of techniques. This may prevent devastating delayed complications. Disclosures A. Kuhn: None. K. de Macedo Rodrigues: None. M. Gounis: 1; C; NIH, Medtronic Neurovascular, Microvention/Terumo, Cerevasc LLC, Gentuity, Codman Neurovascular, Philips Healthcare, Stryker Neurovascular, Tay Sachs Foundation, and InNeuroCo Inc. 2; C; Codman Neurovascular and Stryker Neurovascular. 4; C; InNeuroCo Inc. P. Kan: 2; C; Stryker Neurovascular, Covidien, and MicroVention. M. Marosfoi: None. J. Lozano: None. M. Perras: None. C. Brooks: None. M. Howk: None. D. Rex: None. F. Massari: None. A. Wakhloo: 1; C; NIH, Philips Healthcare, Wyss Institute. 2; C; Codman Neurovascular and Stryker Neurovascular. 3; C; Harvard Postgraduate Course, Miami Cardiovascular Institute. 4; C; InNeuroCo Inc, EpiEB and Pulsar Medical. A. Puri: 1; C; Stryker Neurovascular and Covidien. 2; C; Codman Neurovascular, Stryker Neurovascular and Covidien. 3; C; Miami Cardiovascular Institute. 4; C; InNeuroCo Inc.
Bifunctional siRNA Design Targeting Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Abstract Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas comprise a group of heterogeneous lymphoid malignancies that represent the fifth most common form of cancer in the United States. A hallmark of many types of B-cell lymphomas is the constitutive expression of oncogenes such as the transcription factors Bcl-6, STAT3 and c-Myc and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Over expression of these genes causes uncontrolled proliferation and survival of malignant cells, making knockdown of these genes by RNA interference (RNAi) a rational strategy for therapeutic intervention. RNAi is a conserved endogenous mechanism in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) suppress target-specific gene expression by promoting mRNA degradation. We have designed potent Dicer-substrate siRNAs using different computer algorithms to predict accessible target sites in the mRNAs of B-cell lymphoma oncogene targets. The Dicer-substrate 27mers are designed asymmetrically, so that Dicer processing yields a predicted 21mer siRNA duplex for entry into RNA induced silencing complex (RISC). Dicer-substrate siRNAs show improved efficacy at lower concentrations compared with conventional 21mer siRNAs, suggesting the reduction of potential off-target effects. In addition, we have designed bifunctional siRNA duplexes that contain two fully target-complimentary antisense strands against two different target mRNAs, but that are only partially complementary to each other. In vitro cleavage assays indicate that our bifunctional siRNAs have sufficient complementarity to form stable duplexes and can be processed into smaller molecules by recombinant Dicer. When delivered to the Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji by electroporation, the most effective siRNAs reduced target mRNA levels by ∼80% as determined by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. Silencing of transcription factors affected the expression of downstream target genes, indicating a relevant effect on growth on survival of lymphoma cells through oncogene down regulation by RNAi. One concern with RNAi-mediated therapy is the possible recognition of siRNA duplex by cell's own response to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) that could trigger an unwanted interferon response. To determine whether our Dicer-substrate siRNAs cause an interferon response, we monitored induction of the cellular dsRNA pathway by measuring gene expression of p56, OAS1 and interferon by quantitative RT-PCR after transfection of siRNAs in different cell lines. None of the analyzed siRNAs show a significant increase in the expression of interferon pathway related genes indicating that our selected siRNAs are powerful silencers of gene expression without inducing an interferon response. In future studies, these new identified siRNAs will be incorporated in nanoparticles or attached to antibodies / aptamers for cell-specific delivery to lymphoma cell lines to evaluate their potential alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs in therapy for lymphoma.
Minimizing wafer overlay errors due to EUV mask non-flatness and thickness variations for N7 production

Wafer overlay errors due to EUV mask non-flatness and thickness variations need to be minimized for the successful deployment of EUV lithography at N7 HVM. In this paper, we provide an updated assessment of the overlay impacts from EUV mask blanks as relevant to N7. We then evaluate the effectiveness of high-order scanner correction and mask compensation in minimizing the mask blank induced overlay to meet the allocated N7 overlay budget. Various scenarios for combining the compensation methods are evaluated, and a practical EUV mask flatness and thickness variation specification for N7 production is proposed.
APOE Genotype and Nonrespiratory Sleep Parameters in Cognitively Intact Older Adults

Study Objectives The apolipoprotein E (APOE) Ɛ4 allele increases Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and has been linked to a greater risk of sleep-disordered breathing. We investigated the association of APOE genotype with nonrespiratory sleep parameters. Methods We studied 1264 cognitively normal participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean = 57.5 ± 16.1 years, range 19.9-92.0, 48.2% women, 19.8% African American) with APOE genotyping and self-reported sleep duration (≥9, 7 or 8, ≤6 hours), difficulty falling/staying asleep, and napping. We compared Ɛ4 carriers with all noncarriers and compared persons at reduced (Ɛ2/Ɛ2 or Ɛ2/Ɛ3) or elevated AD risk (≥1 Ɛ4 allele) with those neutral for AD risk (Ɛ3/Ɛ3). Results In fully adjusted models, those with ≥1 Ɛ4 allele had a greater odds of being in a shorter sleep duration category compared to all noncarriers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 1.88) and Ɛ3/Ɛ3 carriers (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.06, 1.92). Compared to Ɛ3/Ɛ3 carriers, Ɛ2/Ɛ2 or Ɛ2/Ɛ3 carriers had a lower odds of reporting napping (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.43, 0.96). Among participants aged ≥50 years, sleep duration findings remained and Ɛ4 carriers had a greater odds of trouble falling/staying asleep than noncarriers (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.02, 2.17). We found some evidence for stronger associations of Ɛ4 with sleep duration among African Americans. Conclusions Self-reported sleep duration, napping, and trouble falling/staying asleep differ by APOE genotype. Studies are needed to examine whether APOE promotes AD by degrading sleep and to clarify the role of race in these associations.
Effects of Population Distribution, Sample Size and Correlation Structure on Huberty's Effect Size R

Huberty’s (1994) R 2 is derived by subtracting the expected value of R 2 from an adjusted R 2 , and the square root of Huberty’s R 2 is Huberty’s effect size R. The present study examined the effects of population distribution, sample size and population correlation structure on the statistical power of Huberty’s R.
The Accusative‐Subject Generalization

This article discusses the morphosyntax of accusative-subject constructions in Icelandic, from the point of view of the “dependent case” analysis of accusative. The primary focus is on deriving the Accusative-Subject Generalization (ASG), the generalization that accusative subjects are never related thematically to a morphologically intransitive verb. After it is demonstrated that the ASG holds, it is proposed that the ASG follows from the claim that there is no such thing as inherently case-marked accusatives in Icelandic. The accusative-subject constructions under scrutiny in fact involve a silent external argument that distributes like a clitic syntactically and is interpreted like a weather pronoun semantically. The account is explanatory insofar as it involves one stipulation—the presence of a silent clitic—from which the ASG and numerous other syntactic, semantic, and morphological properties of accusative-subject constructions follow. The explanatory value of the account hinges on a grammatical architecture in which morphological idiosyncrasy and semantic idiosyncrasy are computed in distinct components of the grammar, and case marking—even structural case marking—is divorced from DP licensing.
Consensus Regularized Multi-View Outlier Detection

Identifying different types of data outliers with abnormal behaviors in multi-view data setting is challenging due to the complicated data distributions across different views. Conventional approaches achieve this by learning a new latent feature representation with the pairwise constraint on different view data. In this paper, we argue that the existing methods are expensive in generalizing their models from two-view data to three-view (or more) data, in terms of the number of introduced variables and detection performance. To address this, we propose a novel multi-view outlier detection method with consensus regularization on the latent representations. Specifically, we explicitly characterize each kind of outliers by the intrinsic cluster assignment labels and sample-specific errors. Moreover, we make a thorough discussion about the proposed consensus-regularization and the pairwise-regularization. Correspondingly, an optimization solution based on augmented Lagrangian multiplier method is proposed and derived in details. In the experiments, we evaluate our method on five well-known machine learning data sets with different outlier settings. Further, to show its effectiveness in real-world computer vision scenario, we tailor our proposed model to saliency detection and face reconstruction applications. The extensive results of both standard multi-view outlier detection task and the extended computer vision tasks demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Primary prevention of colorectal cancer: lifestyle, nutrition, exercise.

The past two decades have provided a vast amount of literature related to the primary prevention of colorectal cancer. Large international variation in colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates and the prominent increases in the incidence of colorectal cancer in groups that migrated from low-to high-incidence areas provided important evidence that lifestyle factors influence the development of this malignancy. Moreover, there is convincing evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that dietary intake is an important etiological factor in colorectal neoplasia. Although the precise mechanisms have not been clarified, several lifestyle factors are likely to have a major impact on colorectal cancer development. Physical inactivity and to a lesser extent, excess body weight, are consistent risk factors for colon cancer. Exposure to tobacco products early in life is associated with a higher risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. Diet and nutritional factors are also clearly important. Diets high in red and processed meat increase risk. Excess alcohol consumption, probably in combination with a diet low in some micronutrients such as folate and methionine, appear to increase risk. There is also recent evidence supporting a protective effect of calcium and vitamin D in the etiology of colorectal neoplasia. The relationship between intake of dietary fiber and risk of colon cancer has been studied for three decades but the results are still inconclusive. However, some micronutrients or phytochemicals in fiber-rich foods may be important; folic acid is one such micronutrient that has been shown to protect against the development of colorectal neoplasia and is currently being studied in intervention trials of adenoma recurrence. The overwhelming evidence indicates that primary prevention of colon cancer is feasible. Continued focus on primary prevention of colorectal cancer, in combination with efforts aimed at screening and surveillance, will be vital in attaining the greatest possible progress against this complex, yet highly preventable disease.
New and Unidentified Species of Synchytrium. V

Three species of Synchytrium, which were formerly identified as S. fulgens and S. aureum, are diagnosed and described as new species. Synchytrium linariae and S. echinulatum are long-cycled and dev...
Reinventing constellations: the effectiveness of rideshare approaches for constellation deployment

CubeSats have achieved growing credibility among government and commercial stakeholders as a valid architecture for future space systems, and many groups have proposed fielding CubeSat constellations for applications ranging from space-weather monitoring to space-based surveillance. Due to their small size and mass, a large number of CubeSats can be lofted to orbit to yield resilient constellations with short revisit times and global coverage. However, the challenge of reaching the application-specific orbits necessary for some proposals is often neglected, and although several small-satellite launchers are in development, rideshare is likely to remain the most reliable access to space for CubeSats for the foreseeable future.
Chorionic Gonadotropins: Comparative Studies and Comments on Relationships to Other Glycoprotein Hormones

Chorionic gonadotropins have been detected during pregnancy in the human (Ascheim and Zondek, 1927; Braunstein et al., 1976), nonhuman primates (Hamlett, 1937; Van Wagenen and Simpson, 1955; Delfs, 1941; Chen and Hodgen, 1976; Hobson and Wide, 1972), the equidae (Cole and Hart, 1930; Rowlands, 1949; Wide and Wide, 1963; Allen, 1969), recently in rodents (Wide and Hobson, 1978; Wide and Wide, 1979; Haour et al., 1976), possibly in sheep (Rowson and Moor, 1967; Martal et al., 1979; Lacroix and Martal, 1979), and rabbits (Haour and Saxena, 1974; Channing et al., 1978; and Elinwood et al., 1979), suggesting a fundamental luteotropic and/or other role for these hormones in the placental animals. To date, only human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been extensively examined and defined at the chemical level. A full understanding of the primary amino acid sequence of both the alpha and beta subunits is available (Bellisario et al., 1973; Carlsen et al., 1973; Morgan et al., 1973, 1975; Birken and Canfield, 1977; Keutman and Williams, 1977; and Kessler et al., 1979b), as well as a nearly complete understanding of the chemical structure of the N and O glycosidic-linked carbohydrate moieties (Endo et al., 1979; Kessler et al., 1979a, 1979b). In this chapter we will summarize the current status of our structural studies on the polypeptide moieties of the α- and β-subunits of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and compare the sequence information that we have obtained with that proposed for the other well characterized chorionic and pituitary gonadotropins.
Atmospheric Particles and Climate: The Impact of Man’s Activities

The equilibrium temperature of the earth is maintained by a balance between the unreflected part of the incoming solar energy, which is absorbed by the earthatmosphere system, and the outgoing longwave radiation escaping from the earth to space. It has long been suspected that suspended atmospheric particles (aerosols) might affect this balance, primarily by affecting the albedo or reflectivity of the earth, thereby altering the amount of solar energy absorbed by the earth. In light of some recent evidence suggesting the existence of an increase in atmospheric particle concentrations (presumably related to man’s activities), the need for development of adequate numerical models to study this problem is apparent. Recent numerical models studying the effect of particles on climate are often based on multiple scattering radiative transfer calculations, and use global averages for particle concentrations and optical properties. By contrasting certain existing models, some major problems in modeling studies that attempt to answer the question of the effects of increased atmospheric particles on climate can be illustrated. It will also be apparent that another uncertainty in the results of such studies arises from a lack of adequate abserved input data on the geographic and vertical distributions of particle concentrations and their optical properties. Furthermore, a model that could realistically simulate the impact of increasing atmospheric particle concentration on climate must eventually include the simultaneous coupled effects of all the important atmospheric processes, such as fluid motions and cloud microphysics, in addition to the radiative transfer effects. Current modeling studies already do predict that increases in particle concentrations could have a significant effect on climate. Now, it remains for us to develop the kinds of refined models needed to verify or deny these predictions.
Stenting of CTO Lesions

Restenosis can be high after chronic total occlusion (CTO) treatment with balloon angioplasty or bare metal stents (BMS). Drug-eluting stents (DES) significantly reduced the risk for in-stent restenosis compared to BMS. Second generation DES (everolimus-eluting and zotarolimus-eluting) provide even better outcomes compared to first generation DES and are the currently preferred for CTO interventions. Optimal stent deployment is important and can be achieved with appropriate stent sizing, high-pressure balloon inflations, and use of intravascular imaging. Twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy are currently recommended after CTO interventions, however, the optimal duration remains uncertain.
An Integral Test for Subordinators

An integral test is obtained to determine whether P{X t ≤ βt i.o. } is 0 or 1 where t −1 β t is nondecreasing and X t is a subordinator belonging to a large class which contains the stable subordinators. This generalizes the results of Breiman for the stable subordinators.
Theme-Based “Make a Difference Day” and Its Impacts: Did the “Make a Difference Day” Make Actual Differences?

Prior to graduating from universities, most undergraduate students participate in at least one community service activity. Although benefi cial effects of community service activity on students’ cognitive and prosocial behavior development have been assumed, the activities and processes of implementing service-learning programs in higher education tend to be unsystematic and vary widely. This refl ective summary describes a process to redevelop the traditional community service activity, named “Make a Difference Day” (MDD), at Purdue University by implementing the selective theme and its effects. The selected theme “homelessness” enabled administrators to implement background theory, select appropriate community partners, and develop reasonable learning outcomes and assessments. The postsurvey results showed three learning outcomes were fairly refl ected on participants’ responses: increased awareness and understanding of the homeless, enhanced understanding of roles of community partners, and developed future plans to apply lessons from the MDD. Lack of integration of academic classes remained for the future development.
Post-optimization Issues

On page 136 we’ll present a detailed examination of training bias, and on page 323 we’ll see a powerful way to deal with this serious problem. But for the moment, we’ll provide a rough overview of training bias and show how, if one has trained a trading system using differential evolution or some similar stochastic algorithm, we can get a rough but useful estimate of training bias as an inexpensive by-product of parameter optimization.
CATS: A Tool for Clustering the Ensemble of Intrinsically Disordered Peptides on a Flat Energy Landscape.

We introduce the combinatorial averaged transient structure (CATS) clustering method as a means to cluster protein structure ensembles based on the distributions of protein backbone descriptor coordinates. In our study, we use phi and psi dihedral angle coordinates of the protein backbone as descriptors due to their translational and rotational invariance. The CATS method was developed to produce unique structure ensembles that are typically difficult to obtain from flat energy landscapes using a one-dimensional separation value (e.g., RMSD cutoff). Through the use of higher-dimensional descriptor coordinates, we remedy structure resolution shortcomings of standard clustering algorithms due to large RMSD fluctuations between structures. We compare the performance of CATS to an RMSD-based clustering method GROMOS, which may not be the best choice for IDP clustering since separation quality heavily relies on cutoff values instead of energy landscape minima. We demonstrate the performance of CATS and GROMOS ...
The incidence of Marfan syndrome and cardiac anomalies in patients presenting with pectus deformities.

Abstract Purpose The incidence of Marfan syndrome in the general population is 0.3%. Two-thirds of patients with Marfan syndrome have concurrent pectus deformity. However, incidence of Marfan syndrome and cardiac abnormalities in patients presenting with an isolated pectus deformity remains unknown. We sought to establish the degree of association between pectus deformities and these abnormalities, and whether referral of these patients for cardiac and genetic workup is warranted. Methods Our pediatric surgery group refers patients with pectus deformities for genetic and cardiac evaluation. We examined 415 records from 2009 to 2016, and identified 241 patients with a chief complaint of a pectus deformity. Patient characteristics, echocardiogram results, Haller indices, and genetic results were analyzed. Results The frequency of Marfan syndrome in our study was 5.3%. The incidence of Marfan was highest among patients with combined type pectus deformity (20%). Cardiac anomalies showed an overall incidence of 35%. Of those diagnosed with Marfan, 84% had cardiac abnormalities. Conclusion More than 5% of patients presenting with a chief complaint of pectus deformity will have a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome, compared to 0.3% in the general population. Approximately a third of this population will have cardiac abnormalities. Referral of patients with pectus deformities for evaluation for Marfan syndrome and cardiac abnormalities is appropriate. Level of Evidence Level IV.
The Development and Construct Validity of a Team Processes Survey Measure

Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro (2001) advanced a theory and framework of team processes that has garnered much attention and guided numerous investigations. They proposed that 10 first-order construct...
Digital Instruction in Physical Education: An Avenue for Advocacy

This article provides an overview of some ways in which teachers can implement digital instructional technologies into their classes and how these technologies can be leveraged to advocate quality ...
Developing algorithms to predict adult onset internalizing disorders: An ensemble learning approach.

Abstract A growing literature is utilizing machine learning methods to develop psychopathology risk algorithms that can be used to inform preventive intervention. However, efforts to develop algorithms for internalizing disorder onset have been limited. The goal of this study was to utilize prospective survey data and ensemble machine learning to develop algorithms predicting adult onset internalizing disorders. The data were from Waves 1–2 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 34,653). Outcomes were incident occurrence of DSM-IV generalized anxiety, panic, social phobia, depression, and mania between Waves 1–2. In total, 213 risk factors (features) were operationalized based on their presence/occurrence at the time of or before Wave 1. For each of the five internalizing disorder outcomes, super learning was used to generate a composite algorithm from several linear and non-linear classifiers (e.g., random forests, k-nearest neighbors). AUCs achieved by the cross-validated super learner ensembles were in the range of 0.76 (depression) to 0.83 (mania), and were higher than AUCs achieved by the individual algorithms. Individuals in the top 10% of super learner predicted risk accounted for 37.97% (depression) to 53.39% (social anxiety) of all incident cases. Thus, the algorithms achieved acceptable-to-excellent prediction accuracy with a high concentration of incident cases observed among individuals predicted to be highest risk. In parallel with the development of effective preventive interventions, further validation, expansion, and dissemination of algorithms predicting internalizing disorder onset/trajectory could be of great value.
Hypothalamic gene transfer of BDNF promotes healthy aging

The aging process and age-related diseases all involve metabolic decline and impaired ability to cope with adversity. Environmental enrichment (EE)-a housing environment which recapitulates aspects of active lifestyle-exerts a wide range of health benefits in laboratory rodents. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamus orchestrates autonomic and neuroendocrine processes, serving as one key brain mediator of EE-induced resistance to obesity, cancer, and autoimmunity. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated hypothalamic BDNF gene transfer alleviates obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes in both diet-induced and genetic models. One recent study by our lab demonstrates the efficacy and safety of a built-in autoregulatory system to control transgene BDNF expression, mimicking the body's natural feedback systems in middle-age mice. Twelve-month old mice were treated with autoregulatory BDNF vector and monitored for 7months. BDNF gene transfer prevented age-associated metabolic decline by: reducing adiposity, preventing the decline of brown fat activity, increasing adiponectin while reducing leptin and insulin in circulation, improving glucose tolerance, increasing energy expenditure, alleviating hepatic steatosis, and suppressing inflammatory genes in the hypothalamus and adipose tissues. Furthermore, BDNF treatment reduced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. This chapter summarizes this work and discusses potential roles that hypothalamic BDNF might play in promoting healthy aging.
Maturation and conversion of Liriodendron tulipifera somatic embryos

Embryogenic suspension cultures of the hardwood forest tree yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) have the potential to produce millions of plantlets. However, low conversion frequencies limit the realization of this potential. Using 4 embryogenic yellow-poplar lines, we first tested the ability of somatic embryos, selected for their similarity to mature zygotic embryos, to convert to plantlets, then tested physical and chemical treatments for their effects on promoting maturation of somatic embryos and subsequent plantlet production. Embryos selected based on resemblance to mature zygotic embryos and transferred to a hormone-free basal medium without casein hydrolysate (CH) produced plantlets at a frequency of 63%. Populations of synchronized somatic embryos were obtained by repeated fractionation of liquid medium-cultured proembryogenic masses (PEMs) on stainless steel sieves. These fractionated embryos failed to mature properly when cultured in liquid basal medium, however. Development of embryos cultured in basal medium supplemented with 5×10−7 M abscisic acid (ABA) was slowed and embryos appeared to mature properly, with separated cotyledons and little precocious germination. However, ABA-treated embryos only rarely converted to plantlets, possibly due to residual effects of the ABA. PEMs fractionated on sieves, transferred to filter paper and placed on solidified basal medium gave a 60–70% synchronous population of mature embryos 10–12 days following plating. Mature embryos transferred to basal medium without CH converted at a frequency of 72%. The percentage of all embryos differentiating from PEMs on filter paper that formed plantlets was 32%.
Indomethacin-Induced Headache: Causing the Problem You Are Trying to Solve

Purpose of review Indomethacin is an important medication in the headache medicine toolbox given its utility for both of the diagnosis and treatment of several primary headache disorders. Despite its prevalence in earlier rheumatologic studies, the possibility of drug-induced headache is a not commonly discussed in headache literature. Recent findings Herein, we describe a case of drug-induced headache after indomethacin trial for the treatment of an undifferentiated trigeminal autonomic cephalgia. Recognition of indomethacin-induced headache has important implications for patient education and interpreting the response to indomethacin when used both as a therapeutic and as a diagnostic tool.
Realization of a biomechanical model-assisted image guidance system for breast cancer surgery using supine MRI

Unfortunately, the current re-excision rates for breast conserving surgeries due to positive margins average 20–40 %. The high re-excision rates arise from difficulty in localizing tumor boundaries intraoperatively and lack of real-time information on the presence of residual disease. The work presented here introduces the use of supine magnetic resonance (MR) images, digitization technology, and biomechanical models to investigate the capability of using an image guidance system to localize tumors intraoperatively. Preoperative supine MR images were used to create patient-specific biomechanical models of the breast tissue, chest wall, and tumor. In a mock intraoperative setup, a laser range scanner was used to digitize the breast surface and tracked ultrasound was used to digitize the chest wall and tumor. Rigid registration combined with a novel nonrigid registration routine was used to align the preoperative and intraoperative patient breast and tumor. The registration framework is driven by breast surface data (laser range scan of visible surface), ultrasound chest wall surface, and MR-visible fiducials. Tumor localizations by tracked ultrasound were only used to evaluate the fidelity of aligning preoperative MR tumor contours to physical patient space. The use of tracked ultrasound to digitize subsurface features to constrain our nonrigid registration approach and to assess the fidelity of our framework makes this work unique. Two patient subjects were analyzed as a preliminary investigation toward the realization of this supine image-guided approach. An initial rigid registration was performed using adhesive MR-visible fiducial markers for two patients scheduled for a lumpectomy. For patient 1, the rigid registration resulted in a root-mean-square fiducial registration error (FRE) of 7.5 mm and the difference between the intraoperative tumor centroid as visualized with tracked ultrasound imaging and the registered preoperative MR counterpart was 6.5 mm. Nonrigid correction resulted in a decrease in FRE to 2.9 mm and tumor centroid difference to 5.5 mm. For patient 2, rigid registration resulted in a FRE of 8.8 mm and a 3D tumor centroid difference of 12.5 mm. Following nonrigid correction for patient 2, the FRE was reduced to 7.4 mm and the 3D tumor centroid difference was reduced to 5.3 mm. Using our prototype image-guided surgery platform, we were able to align intraoperative data with preoperative patient-specific models with clinically relevant accuracy; i.e., tumor centroid localizations of approximately 5.3–5.5 mm.
Stakeholder Salience for Stakeholder Firms: An Attempt to Reframe an Important Heuristic Device

This work underscores the importance of answering the question: who are organizational stakeholders? It argues that stakeholder theory is a normative management theory, and there is a need to differentiate between stakeholder and non-stakeholder firms. It further argues that the overall organizational stakeholder orientation indicates how narrowly or broadly organizations define their stakeholders. Therefore, this work attempts to provide a stakeholder salience scheme for stakeholder organizations, i.e., organizations with accommodative and proactive stakeholder orientations. In the process, this work reviews key scholarly contributions and points out some potential weaknesses in these contributions with an aim to develop a new stakeholder typology. This work contributes to the existing literature by: introducing a contingent variable, i.e., organizational strategy, in a stakeholder typology scheme; reaffirming the normative aspect of stakeholder theory by placing normative considerations at the center of stakeholder salience typology; and improving the descriptive validity of stakeholder theory by adding a new stakeholder variable, i.e., organization, in the presented stakeholder salience typology scheme.
Straggered Scheme: A Loop Allocation Policy

The run-time overhead of detection and allocation of dynamic parallelism in a program can easily offset the performance gain. To improve the performance and reduce run-time overhead, it would be necessary to develop an allocation scheme that detects dynamic parallelism during compile-time. However, the difficult task of accurate estimation of the run-time parallelism is a stumbling block to this direction. As a compromise, we propose an allocation policy which: (i) detect dynamic parallelism for a selected group of program constructs during compile-time and, (ii) allocates them to the estimated hardware resources in a staggered fashion using a set of heuristic rules.
Use of the radionuclide washout test in evaluation of suspected upper urinary tract obstruction.

AbstractThe use of the computerized quantitative renal scan associated with the standard renogram obtained during furosemide-induced diuresis provides useful information in the assessment of suspected upper tract obstruction. With the use of 99mtechnetium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid or 131iodine hippuran quantitative renal scans were obtained and renograms were generated before and after intravenous furosemide injection. Rapidity of diuretic-induced radionuclide washout, as well as determination of glomerular filtration rate or effective renal plasma flow on the affected side, provides objective information with regard to renal parenchymal loss as well as upper tract emptying. We herein report our experience with 19 such patients. The radionuclide washout test is obtained easily, informative and may replace more invasive diagnostic measures.
8 She Sells Seashells: Women and Mollusks in Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico

In this chapter, I examine seashells recovered from a 1985 archaeological study of Bahias de Huatulco, Mexico. I focus on both the primary and the secondary functions of the shells, describing their use as food, construction material, and an important dye source. I begin by discussing the shells in their local context and then later outline arguments both for and against shell trade inland. I ask, why are the shells here, and then, why these specific shells? In answering these questions, I investigate how these shells were used, the industries that they imply, and, finally, how women are necessarily implicated in processes of collection and production.
Shanna Poplack (ed.), The English history of African American English. (Language in Society, 28.) Oxford: Blackwell, 2000. Pp. v + 277. Pb $31.95.

Poplack and other contributors to this important volume are to be commended for an exceptionally well crafted book, with a succession of groundbreaking studies of African American English (AAE). Although this work will undoubtedly add fuel to the flames of historical linguistic controversy that continue to swirl around African Americans, Poplack and her colleagues go far to advance hypotheses and analyses that argue in favor of the English origins of African American Vernacular English (AAVE).
COMPARISON OF STRAINS OF SPOROTRICHUM SCHENCKII ISOLATED FROM NATURE.

Howard, Dexter H. (University of California, Los Angeles) and G. F. Orr. Comparison of strains of Sporotrichum schenckii isolated from nature. J. Bacteriol. 85:816–821. 1963.—Several strains of fungi, tentatively considered to be members of the genus Sporotrichum, have been isolated from soil and from other sources in nature. The striking morphological similarity of these isolates to strains of S. schenckii led to a comparative study of their biological properties. Nine strains of Sporotrichum from nature were compared with twelve strains of S. schenckii isolated from cases of clinical sporotrichosis. The nine saprophytic isolates were indistinguishable microscopically and macroscopically from strains of pathogenic S. schenckii when cultures were prepared on a variety of media incubated at 28 C. Only two of the nine saprophytic isolates were able to grow at 37 C. These two strains partially converted, at this temperature, to a yeast-cell phase of growth. The blastospores comprising this phase of growth were similar to those produced by S. schenckii under the same circumstances. Six of the nine saprophytes were essentially avirulent for mice. The remaining three strains had a very limited capacity to produce disease in experimental animals. The isolates are currently regarded as variants of S. schenckii.
Diversity within Diversity: A Comparison and Emerging Issues of Special Education Prevalence between the U. S. and Korea

AbstractThis is a pilot study of a multifaceted project to examine current condition of children with mild disabilities and to identify the related issues and possible solutions. The purpose of this stage is to compare and contrast the definition of each category of disabilities from Korea and the United States to identify the differences in prevalence. Using the statistical data and interviews of teachers and parents with children with mild disabilities, issues from each stakeholder were determined and possible solutions were presented. Parent advocacy group, parent education, parent-teacher disability awareness training, and staff development program for preservice teachers and current teachers were suggested as possible options.
Managing discontinuities : The emerging challenges

OVERVIEW:The next millennium will witness dramatic changes in the competitive landscape. We can recognize at least eight significant discontinuities—global, deregulation, volatility, conveigence, i...
Enriching education through data mining

Education is acknowledged to be the primary vehicle for improving the economic well-being of people [1,6]. Textbooks have a direct bearing on the quality of education imparted to the students as they are the primary conduits for delivering content knowledge [9]. They are also indispensable for fostering teacher learning and constitute a key component of the ongoing professional development of the teachers [5,8]. Many textbooks, particularly from emerging countries, lack clear and adequate coverage of important concepts [7]. In this talk, we present our early explorations into developing a data mining based approach for enhancing the quality of textbooks. We discuss techniques for algorithmically augmenting different sections of a book with links to selective content mined from the Web. For finding authoritative articles, we first identify the set of key concept phrases contained in a section. Using these phrases, we find web (Wikipedia) articles that represent the central concepts presented in the section and augment the section with links to them [4]. We also describe a framework for finding images that are most relevant to a section of the textbook, while respectingglobal relevancy to the entire chapter to which the section belongs. We pose this problem of matching images to sections in a textbook chapter as an optimization problem and present an efficient algorithm for solving it [2].