cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IN VIVO IMAGING OF LYMPHOCYTE TRAFFICKING

AbstractOver the past decades, intravital microscopy (IVM), the imaging of cells in living organisms, has become a valuable tool for studying the molecular determinants of lymphocyte trafficking. Recent advances in microscopy now make it possible to image cell migration and cell-cell interactions in vivo deep within intact tissues. Here, we summarize the principal techniques that are currently used in IVM, discuss options and tools for fluorescence-based visualization of lymphocytes in microvessels and tissues, and describe IVM models used to explore lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. The latter will be introduced according to the physiologic itinerary of developing and differentiating T and B lymphocytes as they traffic through the body, beginning with their development in bone marrow and thymus and continuing with their migration to secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral tissues.
Performance trade-off analysis comparing different front-end configurations for a digital x-ray imager

Performance of indirect digital x-ray imagers is typically limited by the front-end components. Present x-ray-to-light converting phosphors significantly reduce detector resolution due to stochastic blurring and k-fluorescent x-ray reabsorption. Thinner phosphors improve resolution at the cost of lowering quantum detection efficiency (QDE) and increasing Swank noise. Magnifying fiber optic tapers (FOTs) are commonly used to increase the field-of-view of small sensor imagers, such as CMOS, CCD, or electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) based detectors, which results in a reduction in detector sensitivity and further reduces the MTF. We investigate performance trade-offs for different front-end configurations coupled to an EMCCD sensor with 8 μm pixels. Six different columnar structured CsI(Tl) scintillators with thicknesses of 100, 200, 350, 500, and 1000 μm type high-light (HL) and a 350 μm type high-resolution (HR) (Hamamatsu) and four different FOTs with magnification ratios (M) of 1, 2.5, 3.3, and 4 were studied using the RQA5 x-ray spectrum. The relative signal of the different scintillators largely followed the relative QDE, indicating their light output per absorbed x-ray was similar, with the type HR CsI emitting 57% of the type HL. The efficiency of the FOTs was inversely proportional to M2 with the M = 1 FOT transmitting 87% of the incident light. At 5 (10) cycles/mm, the CsI MTF was 0.38 (0.22), 0.33 (0.17), 0.37 (0.19), 0.23 (0.09), 0.19 (0.08), and 0.09 (0.03) for the 100, 200, 350HR, 350, 500, and 1000 μm CsI, respectively and the FOT MTF was 0.89 (0.84), 0.80 (0.72), 0.70 (0.60), and 0.69 (0.37) for M = 1, 2.5, 3.3, and 4, respectively. The 1000, 500, and 350HR μm CsI had the highest DQE for low, medium, and high spatial frequency ranges of 0 to 1.6, 1.6 to 4.5, and 4.5 to 10 cycles/mm, respectively. Larger FOT M resulted in a reduction in DQE. Quantifying performance of different front-end configurations will enable optimal selection of components for task-specific designs.
Impacts of biological invasions on disturbance regimes

Human management activities have altered the frequency and intensity of ecosystem disturbance often with enormous impacts on landscape structure and composition. One additional and under-appreciated way in which humans have altered disturbance regimes is through the introduction of invasive non-native species, themselves capable of modifying existing disturbance regimes or introducing entirely new disturbances. In many cases, modifications of disturbance regimes results in maintenance of ecosystems in a new or transitional state. There is now evidence that alteration of disturbance regime may be the most profound effect that a species or functional group can have on ecosystem structure and function.
Potential Interactions Between Complementary/Alternative Products and Conventional Medicines in a Medicare Population

Background:Despite the high prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) product use among the elderly, little is known about the extent of concurrent CAM-conventional medicine use and the potential for adverse reactions.Objective:To determine the prevalence of CAM product use concurrent with conventional medications, prescription and nonprescription, in a Medicare population and assess the risk for adverse interactions.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on Cardiovascular Health Study interview data from 1994, 1995, 1997, and 1999. The prevalence of concurrent combinations of CAM products and conventional drugs was tabulated. The adverse interaction risks were categorized as unknown, theoretical, and significant.Results:Of 5052 participants, the median age was 75, 60.2% were female, 16.6% were African American, and 83.4% were white. The percent using CAM products during the 4 time periods was 6.3%, 6.7%, 12.8%, and 15.1 %, The percent using both CAM products and conventional drugs ...
In vitro posterior composite polymerization recovery following hygroscopic expansion.

Post-operative pain has been associated with composite polymerization shrinkage. This study aimed to quantify the cuspal deflection resulting from the initial shrinkage and the subsequent hygroscopic expansion of a standard posterior composite resin. Thirty hydrated permanent molars were marked on the buccal and lingual cusp tips. Standardized conventional Class II preparations were made and restorations with composite resin were placed and: (A) polymerized as one complete unit; (B) polymerized in gingivo-occlusal increments; (C) polymerized in buccolingual increments. Ten untreated teeth were marked and acted as controls. All specimens were placed in water. Pre-operative, post-operative and 6-month photographs were projected on a digitizer pad and measured by two independent investigators. The mean cuspal deflection (μm) immediately post-operatively and 6 months respectively, was: (A) 22.4, 8.7; (B) 12.4, 5.3; (C) 9.8, 3.0. The percentage of natural tooth dimensional recovery, following hygroscopic expansion was: (A) 97.5%; (B) 98.6%; (C) 99.4%. Buccolingual incremental polymerization led to significantly less initial cuspal deflection and the most cuspal recovery after hygroscopic expansion. The technique of resin placement therefore may provide a decrease in post-operative sensitivity.
Hysteresis of granular FePt:Ag films with perpendicular anisotropy

Intergranular interactions in nanostructured FePt:Ag thin films and their effect on magnetic hysteresis are investigated. The films, produced by multilayer deposition plus rapid thermal annealing, consist of FePt nanoparticles embedded in a silver matrix. They are investigated by magnetization measurements and magnetic force microscopy. Analytical model calculations, supported by micromagnetic simulations, are used to elucidate the relation between coercivity, hysteresis-loop slope, and spatial correlations during magnetization reversal. The analytical calculations yield simple expressions for the loop slope and the coercivity as a function of the intergranular exchange. Small intergranular exchange enhances the coercivity, but for strong exchange there is a self-energy cutoff, associated with the onset of cooperative reversal and preventing alpha from becoming negative.
Type 2 Diabetes in Pediatrics and Adults: Thoughts from a Clinical Pharmacology Perspective

Type 2 diabetes results when insulin secretion is unable to keep the plasma glucose levels as per acceptable range. This leads to chronic hyperglycemia and its associated microvascular complications such as renal impairment (diabetic nephropathy), retinal abnormalities (diabetic retinopathy), and autonomic, sensory, and motor neuropathies (diabetic neuropathy) and macrovascular disease. Historically, type 2 diabetes is well known as an adult-onset disease; however, lately, the incidence of the disease is reported to be increasing in children. Despite the wealth of information concerning type 2 diabetes in adults, data unique to the pediatric age group regarding the pathophysiology and therapy for type 2 diabetes are limited. For treatment in pediatric type 2 diabetes, metformin and insulin are the only antidiabetic agents approved currently. There are data of use of other oral antidiabetic drugs including glimepiride, rosiglitazone, and glyburide (in combination with metformin) in pediatric patients; however, formal clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy have not been conducted. This review will compare the clinical pharmacology aspects of the oral type 2 diabetic drugs in pediatric and adult populations in order to determine any differences between the two patient groups.
Design Optimization and Implementation for RF Energy Harvesting Circuits

A new design for an energy harvesting device is proposed in this paper, which enables scavenging energy from radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic waves. Compared to common alternative energy sources like solar and wind, RF harvesting has the least energy density. The existing state-of-the-art solutions are effective only over narrow frequency ranges, are limited in efficiency response, and require higher levels of input power. This paper has a twofold contribution. First, we propose a dual-stage energy harvesting circuit composed of a seven-stage and ten-stage design, the former being more receptive in the low input power regions, while the latter is more suitable for higher power range. Each stage here is a modified voltage multiplier, arranged in series and our design provides guidelines on component choice and precise selection of the crossover operational point for these two stages between the high (20 dBm) and low power (-20 dBm) extremities. Second, we fabricate our design on a printed circuit board to demonstrate how such a circuit can run a commercial Mica2 sensor mote, with accompanying simulations on both ideal and non-ideal conditions for identifying the upper bound on achievable efficiency. With a simple yet optimal dual-stage design, experiments and characterization plots reveal approximately 100% improvement over other existing designs in the power range of -20 to 7 dBm.
Giving applications access to Gb/s networking

Operating systems (OSs) used in high-speed networks must reduce copying to deliver maximal throughput to applications and must deliver this throughput while preserving the capability of the host to perform applications processing. One way to reduce copying by enabling data transfers directly to and from buffers located in application-process address spaces is presented. The method has been demonstrated experimentally and is shown to deliver high throughputs. OS support must also include scheduling, which allows bandwidth-allocated traffic streams to be delivered. The implementation described provides resource scheduling for network users, and considerably reduces interrupt overhead. >
Advances in Upper Extremity Prosthetics

Until recently, upper extremity prostheses had changed little since World War II. In 2006, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency responded to an increasing number of military amputees with the Revolutionizing Prosthetics program. The program has yielded several breakthroughs both in the engineering of new prosthetic arms and in the control of those arms. Direct brain-wave control of a limb with 22° of freedom may be within reach. In the meantime, advances such as individually powered digits have opened the door to multifunctional full and partial hand prostheses. Restoring sensation to the prosthetic limb remains a major challenge to full integration of the limb into a patient's self-image.
Extensive Keloids Following Hair Transplantation

Hair transplant surgery is a highly successful procedure for improving alopecia. However, this proce- dure is not without its potential risks and complications. A case of a large keloidal scar following hair transplantation is presented. Those performing hair transplant surgery should be aware of this significant potential complication, especially in Black and Oriental individuals, who are more prone to keloid formation. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1990; 16:867- 869.
The myth of the pushbutton chip

There will always be chips designed with the highly manual approaches required to extract the utmost in performance. However, unless the market for a chip is well into the hundreds of millions of dollars, this approach may not be economically justified. A better approach for the vast majority of chip designs is to start with a methodology with proven high productivity, and carefully examine extensions to that methodology which can be added in order to meet performance, area or power objectives. If new capabilities are added in a way which does not break major design tools, technology utilization can be brought from what ASICs achieve to near that of the leading edge full-custom designs, while at the same time having a controlled impact on design productivity. On the other hand, if the approach starts with highly optimized manual circuits and a lack of discipline with respect to tool compatibility, poor productivity is certain to result.
An integrated low-power high-voltage driving circuit for Digital Micromirror Devices (DMD™)

A Digital Miromirror Device (DMD™) is a micromachined high-density light-modulating system widely used in front projectors, high-definition TVs and digital cinemas. Although the high-speed memory and digital control electronics have long been integrated underneath the micromirror array, high-voltage reset waveforms had been provided separately and synchronized with the DMD chip to actuate the micromirrors. In this work, using drain-extended transistors, the high-voltage driver electronics are successfully integrated on DMDs to generate local reset waveforms having voltage variations up to 30V at a fast slew rate. At fast charging/discharging rates, the transistor reliability requirements are still satisfied and the driver electronics maintain low average current consumption.
The modeling of distribution feeders enhanced by distributed generation in DIgSILENT

As distributed generation (DG) has been deployed in radial distribution networks, it changes their steady-state and transient behavior. To analyze the potential impact of DG on the distribution network, this study models a distribution network enhanced by the DG system, particularly the photovoltaic (PV) system, in the Digital Simulation and Electrical Network Calculation Program (DIgSILENT) and the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS). As a first case study, this study initially examines load models, voltage regulators, and single- and three-phase transformers provided by DIgSILENT and OpenDSS, adds a single-phase PV system to the IEEE 37-bus test feeder, and compares steady-state power-flow solutions of the IEEE 37-bus test feeder calculated by DIgSILENT to those calculated by OpenDSS. As a second case study, this study also models sufficiently complex feeders, or feeder J1 with the number of 3,434 buses. The test distribution network developed in DIgSILENT will be used in various fields for analyzing the steady-state or transient behavior of DG-enhanced distribution systems.
Bashaedu Global Education Network

The strategy is to create an educational networking system that improves American preK-12 across the United States. The system will connect all school districts for the betterment of children’s education. All states, counties, and districts will have access to the network thru The website provides a location where individuals will share their experiences and communicate openly discussing any educational needs, services and strategies.
Predictions of the physicochemical properties of amino acid side chain analogs using molecular simulation

A candidate drug compound is released for clinical trails (in vivo activity) only if its physicochemical properties meet desirable bioavailability and partitioning criteria. Amino acid side chain analogs play vital role in the functionalities of protein and peptides and as such are important in drug discovery. We demonstrate here that the predictions of solvation free energies in water, in 1-octanol, and self-solvation free energies computed using force field-based expanded ensemble molecular dynamics simulation provide good accuracy compared to existing empirical and semi-empirical methods. These solvation free energies are then, as shown here, used for the prediction of a wide range of physicochemical properties important in the assessment of bioavailability and partitioning of compounds. In particular, we consider here the vapor pressure, the solubility in both water and 1-octanol, and the air–water, air–octanol, and octanol–water partition coefficients of amino acid side chain analogs computed from the solvation free energies. The calculated solvation free energies using different force fields are compared against each other and with available experimental data. The protocol here can also be used for a newly designed drug and other molecules where force field parameters and charges are obtained from density functional theory.
Effect of Imaging Parameter Thresholds on MRI Prediction of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers in breast cancer patients by subtype. Sixty-four patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled in this study. Each patient received a dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-MRI) at baseline, after 1 cycle of chemotherapy and before surgery. Functional tumor volume (FTV), the imaging marker measured by DCE-MRI, was computed at various thresholds of percent enhancement (PEt) and signal-enhancement ratio (SERt). Final FTV before surgery and percent changes of FTVs at the early and final treatment time points were used to predict patients' recurrence-free survival. The full cohort and each subtype defined by the status of hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HR+/HER2-, HER2+, triple negative) were analyzed. Predictions were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model when PEt changed from 30% to 200% in steps of 10% and SERt changed from 0 to 2 in steps of 0.2. Predictions with high hazard ratios and low p-values were considered as strong. Different profiles of FTV as predictors for recurrence-free survival were observed in each breast cancer subtype and strong associations with survival were observed at different PEt/SERt combinations that resulted in different FTVs. Findings from this retrospective study suggest that the predictive performance of imaging markers based on FTV may be improved with enhancement thresholds being optimized separately for clinically-relevant subtypes defined by HR and HER2 receptor expression.
The Political Culture of Sugar Tariffs: Immigration, Race, and Empire, 1898–1930

This article contends that the chronology of popular and legislative movements for restrictive tariffs and immigration exclusion in the United States ran parallel courses between 1898 and the 1930. Those who spoke for and against such policies did so using the rhetoric of race, labor, and empire. The article analyzes the career of Nevada Senator Francis G. Newlands in order to show how the sugar industry and Asian immigration were intrinsic to debates over imperial policy between 1898 and the First World War. The article then describes policy changes during the First World War. The war set the stage for renewed debates over immigration and the sugar trade in the 1920s as the newly formed Tariff Commission attempted to grapple with an oversupplied world sugar market. Their work ultimately reinforced the old associations among race, labor, and trade policy and did little to improve the global sugar crisis.
Direct acting antiviral therapy is curative for chronic hepatitis C/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome

Autoimmune phenomena are common in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Management of chronic hepatitis C/autoimmune hepatitis syndrome has until recently been problematic due to the adverse effects of interferon on autoimmune processes and immunosuppression on viral replication. In this report we describe 3 patients with chronic hepatitis C/autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome who responded rapidly to direct acting anti-viral therapy. The resolution of the autoimmune process supports a direct viral role in its pathophysiology.
DAMPING LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION IN POWER SYSTEM BY TCSC

Thyristor controlled series compensation (TCSC) possesses important meaning in damping low frequency oscillation in power system. Here, in the viewpoint of engineering practice the structure and working principle of damping low frequency oscillation by TCSC are analyzed and the selection principle of damping control input is established. The dynamic simulations with/without power oscillation damping are implemented to prove the effect of TCSC damping low frequency oscillation.
Determination of maleic acid in starch products by GC /MS

Objective To establish a method for determination of maleic acid in starch products by GC /MS. Methods The samples were ultrasonicly extracted with ethanol,then centrifuged at high speed to get the supernatant. The supernatant liquid was methylated with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate solution,after cooling,the analytes were extracted by n-hexane for detection of maleic acid using GC-MS-SIM. Results The recovery rates of maleic acid in several starch products,such as starch,pork ball,rice noodles and QQ candy,were 89% ~ 99% with RSD 10%. Calculated on the sample amount of 2. 0 ml,the lowest detection limit was 1. 0 mg / kg. Conclusion The method has the advantages of easy operation,less interference,rapidity,accuracy and satisfying sensitivity,purification effect,so it could be used for determining maleic acid in starch products,and providing basic data for market supervision.
Root System Distribution Influences Substrate Moisture Measurements in Containerized Ornamental Tree Species

Substrate moisture sensors offer an affordable monitoring system for containerized tree production. However, root system distribution can vary greatly among species within ornamental container production systems, resulting in variation within substrate readings among sensors within a container. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of substrate moisture sensor readings in six ornamental trees to their root distribution patterns within a container. Following root anatomical analysis, tree root systems were dissected by root order as a means to separate fine (uptake) roots and coarse (transport) roots. Substrate moisture variability was measured through the deployment of 12 substrate moisture sensors per container. Of the tree species studied, we found the following two patterns of root distribution: a shallow, ‘‘conical-shaped,’’ root system, with the broadest portion of the root system in the shallow soil layer, and a more evenly distributed ‘‘cylindrical-shaped’’ root system. Root system distribution type influenced substrate moisture reading variability. Conical root systems had lower substrate moisture variability and high fine root variability, whereas the opposite was true for cylindrical root systems—most likely due to the larger, coarse woody mass of roots. We were unable to find any correlations between fine root morphological features including root diameter, length, or surface area and substrate moisture variability. However, higher specific root length was associated with higher substrate moisture variability. Classifying a tree’s root system by its growth and distribution within a container can account for variation in substrate moisture readings and help inform future decisions on sensor placement within containerized systems.
Total Joint Replacement in the Upper Extremity

Prosthetic replacement of the joints of the upper extremity relieves pain, mitigates deformity, and improves function. New designs and new materials are changing the way surgeons approach replacement arthroplasty. This article concisely presents the indications, types of design, results, and complications of joint replacements in the upper limbs.
Seeing Jaws: The Role of Shark Science in Ocean Conservation

Few scientists played a greater role in constructing how Americans envisioned sharks than marine biologist Perry W. Gilbert. From the 1940s to the 1980s, he and a handful of other scientists linked earlier investigations of morphology with newer studies on populations and ecosystem dynamics to understand predation in marine environments. Investigators often abstracted sharks by privileging body parts, such as the jaws or eyes, in ways that made it difficult to see this group of animals within larger ecological or historical contexts. Starting in the 1960s, shark tagging studies helped convince a growing number of researchers that these creatures were vulnerable to overexploitation.
Urban Wastewater Management Planning

By way of a hypothetical example, we shall describe how decisions are made to expend public monies to control water pollution in a river system. Federal guidelines require that the technical, economic, financial, environmental, and socio-political aspects of the problem be evaluated. Thus, multiple and often conflicting objectives exist. Also, planning is undertaken on an area-wide or river basin level, wherein we must deal with numerous political jurisdictions. The analyst, especially if he is trained only in one discipline, has a strong tendency to define the “problem” as being one that requires primary input from his area of specialization. The hard question is to try to allocate successfully the available resources in such a way that the highest assurance of making the correct decision is obtained. The quality of the analysts’ efforts are gauged by the quality of the information for making the decisions and not on their independent value as worthwhile scientific investigations.
Cognition and Literacy in English Language Learners at Risk for Reading Disabilities: A Latent Transition Analysis.

This study investigated the prevalence and stability of latent classes at risk for reading disabilities (RD) in elementary-aged children whose first language is Spanish. To this end, children (N = 489) in Grades 1, 2, and 3 at Wave 1 were administered a battery of reading, vocabulary, and cognitive measures (short-term memory [STM], working memory [WM], rapid naming, random letter and number generation, and teacher ratings of inattention) in both Spanish and English. These same measures were administered 1 and 2 years later. Four important findings occurred. First, 4 latent classes emerged (nonbalanced bilinguals-good readers, balanced bilinguals-good readers, reading disabled, and classroom inattentive children) across all 3 testing waves. Second, probability estimates indicated that 23% of the total sample was at risk, and approximately 10% of the inattentive class transitioned into the RD risk class by Wave 3. Third, phonological process were primary predictive of latent classes at Wave 1, whereas working memory measures emerged as predictive at Waves 2 and 3. Finally, the best model for correctly predicting the odds of being correctly classified as RD at the final testing wave included measures of Spanish phonological processing, Spanish naming speed, English and Spanish oral language, English verbal WM, and visual-spatial WM. The results support the notion that statistically distinct and stable latent classes emerge under the umbrella of reading proficiency, and that children at risk for RD can be separated among a heterogeneous sample of children who are English language learners. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Ultradonut topology of the nuclear envelope

The nuclear envelope is a unique topological structure formed by lipid membranes in eukaryotic cells. Unlike other membrane structures, the nuclear envelope comprises two concentric membrane shells fused at numerous sites with toroid-shaped pores that impart a "geometric" genus on the order of thousands. Despite the intriguing architecture and vital biological functions of the nuclear membranes, how they achieve and maintain such a unique arrangement remains unknown. Here, we used the theory of elasticity and differential geometry to analyze the equilibrium shape and stability of this structure. Our results show that modest in- and out-of-plane stresses present in the membranes not only can define the pore geometry, but also provide a mechanism for destabilizing membranes beyond a critical size and set the stage for the formation of new pores. Our results suggest a mechanism wherein nanoscale buckling instabilities can define the global topology of a nuclear envelope-like structure.
Valley-polarized exciton–polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor

Single layers of transition metal dichalcogenides are two-dimensional (2D) direct-bandgap semiconductors with degenerate, but inequivalent, ‘valleys’ in the electronic structure that can be selectively excited by polarized light. Coherent superpositions of light and matter, exciton–polaritons, have been observed when these materials are strongly coupled to photons, but these hybrid quasiparticles do not harness the valley sensitivity of the monolayer semiconductors. Here, we observe valley-polarized exciton–polaritons in monolayers of MoS2 embedded in a dielectric microcavity. These light–matter quasiparticles emit polarized light with spectral Rabi splitting and anticrossing indicative of strongly coupled exciton–polaritons in the topologically separate spin-coupled valleys. The interplay of intervalley depolarization and cavity-modified exciton dynamics in the high-cooperativity regime causes valley-polarized exciton–polaritons to persist at room temperature, distinct from the vanishing polarization in bare monolayers. Achieving polarization-sensitive polaritonic devices operating at room temperature presents a pathway for manipulating novel valley degrees of freedom in coherent states of light and matter. Exploitation of the valley electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides with exciton–polaritons is an elusive challenge. Now, valley-polarized exciton–polaritons in monolayers of MoS2 have been demonstrated.
Functional Assessment Tools

Assessment of patients’ pain-related physical and emotional functioning is one of the most important measures in pain evaluation, and are two of the four key domains recommended by IMMPACT for interpreting the significance of treatment outcomes in clinical trials.
Quadruple negative tumors to demonstrate unique pairwise gene associations linked to recurrent and metastatic breast cancer.

e12565Background: Despite current standard of care for treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), many patients still die from this disease. Quadruple negative tumors, which are TN tumors that lack androgen receptor (AR), represent a more aggressive subtype of TNBC, however the molecular features are not well understood. Methods: Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and (AR) was determined in 205 primary and 145 cases of recurrent/metastatic patients. Expression was correlated with a panel of 25 cancer-related proteins using IHC. Results: We observed that 76% (63 of 83) of primary TNBC tumors and 76% (159 of 210) of recurrent/metastatic TNBC tumors are QNBC. Bivariate fit analysis demonstrated that QNBC significantly (p < .03) correlated with younger aged patients at initial biopsy compared to AR positive TNBC patients. Intra-individual analysis of recurrent/metastatic QN tumors demonstrated a significant difference (p < 0.05) between ER ...
The Danger of Contempt in Universities and in Modern Society

AbstractSegments of modern U.S. society are rewarding rather than punishing the expression of contempt. College campuses are increasingly becoming tolerant of expressions of contempt rather than of respect for diversity of opinions. Universities need to take an active role in teaching students the danger of contempt because of its role in the development and encouragement of hate. Instead college students need to learn the importance of replacing contempt with wisdom.
I'm Sorry, Dave, I'm Afraid I Can't Do That: Chatbot Perception and Expectations

Artificial intelligence continues to grow in popularity on mobile platforms, increasing exposure to chatbot apps. Chatbot technology has evolved over time, yet the purpose and added value that chatbots offer has not been clearly defined. In order to design a chatbot that provides a meaningful experience, we must first understand what expectations people have for this technology, and what opportunities are there for chatbots based on user needs. This study includes qualitative data from 54 participants in the US and India, sharing their expectations and experiences with a chatbot. The research objectives include:1) understand user perception and expectations of chatbots 2) surface preferences for input modality and 3) identify domains where chatbots can add meaningful purpose.
“Bullets and barter”: The force of love speech in Jeanette Winterson’s Written on the Body

Building on the foundational work of J. L. Austin, Jacques Derrida, and Judith Butler, this article investigates declarations of love as promissory speech acts that carry a daunting force. As its t...
Bespoke ethics and moral casuistry in the conservation of contemporary art

Jonathan Ashley-Smith is known for advancing provocative ideas in the field of conservation that identify problems and predict new trends. In keeping with this tradition, he recently proposed the d...
Surgical Management of Parastomal Hernias

Parastomal hernias are a common complication after ostomy formation that can require surgical repair when they become symptomatic. Operative planning and a thorough understanding of the anatomy of the abdominal wall are important. Simple fascial repair is associated with an unacceptably high recurrence rate and should be used as a temporary measure only. Stoma relocation has a high recurrence rate. Prophylactic mesh can and should be used. At this time, the use of mesh is considered the standard of care in the repair of parastomal hernias.
Association Between Race and Clinical Profile of Patients Referred for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic heart disease that affects patients globally, with an estimated prevalence of at least 1:500.1 Despite significant progress, little is known regarding the specific role of race in clinical course and presentation.2–4 However, excess HCM-related sudden deaths in black male athletes justify the current initiative exploring racial differences in disease progression and referral patterns for patients with HCM.2–5 Of 1900 patients referred to HCM programs at Tufts and Morristown Medical Centers from 2004 to 2017, 90 consecutive black patients were identified and followed for 3±3 years. Race was self-reported, including African-American or those of recent African or Caribbean descent. Patients met diagnostic criteria for HCM with unexplained hypertrophy and nondilated left ventricle. Patients were 47±17 years of age at initial evaluation, 59% male, and matched to 270 consecutive white patients at the same centers over the same time period, 3:1 for age and sex. This study was reviewed and approved by the Tufts Institutional Review Committee in accordance with journal guidelines. Phenotypic features by echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, and ECG obtained at the first visit were similar between black and white patients ( P =0.7–1.0; Figure): left ventricular (LV) thickness, ejection fraction, …
Adaptive Wave-front shaping in Linear and Nonlinear Complex Media

We present wave-front-shaping (WFS) methodologies for controlling light propagation in complex nonlinear media. We demonstrate linear and nonlinear photoacoustic feedback for focusing through scattering media and control nonlinear interactions along multimode fibers.
Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy and pyeloureterostomy: a review of 15 years of experience with 25 patients.

AbstractWe reviewed our 15-year experience with pyeloureterostomy and ureteroureterostomy in 25 children with ureteral duplication. Pyeloureterostomy was performed in 5 patients, including 4 with reflux and 1 with upper pole obstruction. The results were good in 4 and in 1 patient postoperative anastomotic obstruction developed.Ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy was performed in 20 patients, including 8 with reflux into 1 or both ipsilateral ureters, 7 with obstructed ectopic upper pole ureters without ureterocele, 4 with ectopic ureteroceles and 1 with incomplete ureteral duplication and obstruction of the common distal ureteral segment. At followup, which ranged from 3 months to 6 years, 17 patients had good postoperative results as demonstrated by improved upper tract drainage and absence of reflux. Of 6 patients who underwent simultaneous ipsilateral ureteral reimplantation at the time of ureteroureterostomy postoperative reflux was noted in 1, necessitating a second procedure. Ureteral stumps were left ...
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION AND SEDIMENTATION PROPERTIES OF UNFOLDED BACTERIAL NUCLEOID DNA

ABSTRACT The sedimentation coefficient of the isolated nucleoid is found to depend on the strength of centrifugal field (rotor speed effect). When the compact nucleoid is unfolded with RNase, the rotor speed effect increases and becomes equal to the effect predicted for the fully extended bacterial genome. The unfolding or DNA “looping-out” was visualized by autoradiography and the loop contour lengths were similar to those observed in eukaryotic chromosomes. A model describing how these basic DNA structural units define the width of all chromosomes is proposed.
Whole Cell Cross-Linking to Discover Host-Microbe Protein Cognate Receptor/Ligand Pairs.

Bacterial surface ligands mediate interactions with the host cell during association that determines the specific outcome for the host-microbe association. The association begins with receptors on the host cell binding ligands on the microbial cell to form a partnership that initiates responses in both cells. Methods to determine the specific cognate partnerships are lacking. Determining these molecular interactions between the host and microbial surfaces are difficult, yet crucial in defining biologically important events that are triggered during association of the microbiome, and critical in defining the initiating signal from the host membrane that results in pathology or commensal association. In this study, we designed an approach to discover cognate host-microbe receptor/ligand pairs using a covalent cross-linking strategy with whole cells. Protein/protein cross-linking occurred when the interacting molecules were within 9-12 A, allowing for identification of specific pairs of proteins from the host and microbe that define the molecular interaction during association. To validate the method three different bacteria with three previously known protein/protein partnerships were examined. The exact interactions were confirmed and led to discovery of additional partnerships that were not recognized as cognate partners, but were previously reported to be involved in bacterial interactions. Additionally, three unknown receptor/ligand partners were discovered and validated with in vitro infection assays by blocking the putative host receptor and deleting the bacterial ligand. Subsequently, Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium was cross-linked to differentiated colonic epithelial cells (caco-2) to discover four previously unknown host receptors bound to three previously undefined host ligands for Salmonella. This approach resulted in a priori discovery of previously unknown and biologically important molecules for host/microbe association that were casually reported to mediate bacterial invasion. The whole cell cross-linking approach promises to enable discovery of possible targets to modulate interaction of the microbiome with the host that are important in infection and commensalism, both of with initiate a host response.
Chapter 17 The Role of Labels in Directing Children's Attention

Young children's success in learning real world categories is described within the framework of the attribute availability hypothesis. The hypothesis posits a match between category structures that provide predictive component attributes and analytic modes of processing that lead children to selectively attend to maximally informative attributes. Children of preschool age are observed to selectively process component attributes in making category decisions in response to several situations including instructions to learn, the presence of novel labels, and the use of stories that imply that objects are members of particular categories. Further, they are often found to selectively attend to those component attributes (e.g., shape) that are useful for distinguishing members of basic level categories. It is argued that, on hearing novel labels (or other suggestions about the existence of a category), children direct their attention to the component attributes of labelled objects that have proven useful in learning about previous categories.
Aesthetic Cheek Implants

The central location of the cheek and its contribution to the appearance of the eyes and nose, which are key midfacial structures, make the midface an important aesthetic component of the entire face. This chapter will review the rationale for midface alloplastic augmentation, review biomaterials currently available for use in the face, and describe the surgical approach to cheek lift and postoperative concerns.
Four Articles Bring Ideas and Information to Kindle Enthusiasm for this Important Contribution to Fitness: Why no Gymnastics?

(1960). Four Articles Bring Ideas and Information to Kindle Enthusiasm for this Important Contribution to Fitness. Journal of Health, Physical Education, Recreation: Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 36-37.
New Approach to Cosmological Theory

In the 1920’s after Einstein’s theory had become established, people turned their attention to cosmological equations. One of the main problems then was to estimate the age of the universe. A serious difficulty soon appeared. There were two schools of thought, whose conclusions were contradictory.
Enforcing stateful authorization and information flow policies in fine

Proving software free of security bugs is hard. Languages that ensure that programs correctly enforce their security policies would help, but, to date, no security-typed language has the ability to verify the enforcement of the kinds of policies used in practice—dynamic, stateful policies which address a range of concerns including forms of access control and information flow tracking. This paper presents Fine, a new source-level security-typed language that, through the use of a simple module system and dependent, refinement, and affine types, checks the enforcement of dynamic security policies applied to real software. Fine is proven sound. A prototype implementation of the compiler and several example programs are available from http://research.microsoft.com/fine.
Antagonists of CXCR3: a review of current progress

CXCR3 was cloned and identified as a receptor for CXCL9 and CXCL10 by Loetscher, et al., in 1996 [1], and was subsequently identified as a receptor for CXCL11 [2]. CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 are selective, potent agonists of CXCR3 (Kd 0.1–5 nM) [1]–[4]. Additional chemokines have been reported to bind to CXCR3 (e.g., CXCL13 [5] and CCL11 [6]), however the reported affinities are generally weak and the biological significance of the interactions is questionable. Similarly, the ligands for CXCR3 have been reported to be antagonists of CCR3 [7] and CCR5 [8], but high concentrations of the CXCR3 ligands are required to achieve inhibition of CCR3 or CCR5 biological functions.
Cognitive theories of gender development.

Central to a cognitive perspective is the idea that individuals are active information processors, not passive recipients of environmental input. Cognitive theorists emphasize this type of active, top-down processing, meaning that prior expectations and cognitions play an important role in how incoming information is organized and handled. According to a cognitive view, the world of information that is available to a perceiver is not constrained by the stimuli available to the senses but rather by the abilities to process and deal with information from that world. The ways in which people process information can make order from disorder and sense from nonsense. The same processes, however, also can lead to losses of information and to distortions in memory. For this reason, cognitive theorists often gain insights into the nature of information processing by assessing misperceptions, inaccurate memories, use of heuristics, and selective attention and memory, because in those instances there may be incongruence between the environmental input and one's concepts.
Habit2: A stand-alone software solution for presenting stimuli and recording infant looking times in order to study infant development

Many aspects of infant development are assessed using infant looking times to visual and audiovisual stimuli. In this article, we describe a stand-alone software package that allows simultaneous stimulus presentation to infants and recording of their looking times via a keypress by a human observer. The software was developed to run both on 64-bit Intel-based Macs running Mac OS/X 10.10 (Yosemite) or later and on 64-bit Windows 7 and 10. It can present a variety of visual and/or auditory stimuli; is customizable with respect to how trials are initiated, how trial lengths are defined, and the phases of the experiment; and can be used to record looking times online or after the fact, as well as to assess the reliability of coding. The software is freely available at http://habit.ucdavis.edu.
A Phase Current Peak Prediction Technique to Increase the Output Power of Switched Reluctance Generators for Wind Turbines

Due to the lack of permanent magnets in a switched reluctance machine (SRM), it is an extremely attractive solution for renewable technologies. A compact switched reluctance generator (SRG) with high output power is not only desirable by wind turbines, but by a wide range of applications, such as the automotive, aerospace, and appliance industries. Maximizing the output power of an SRG involves operating the machine at high speeds in single pulse mode, during which a high back electromotive force (EMF) is established. As a result, the machine’s phase current becomes uncontrollable as it enters into a state of positive feedback. Once in positive feedback, the phase current reaches its peak and falls only when the back EMF of the machine reduces. The machine’s back EMF begins to reduce as the rotor approaches its unaligned position. During the operating period, protection of the drive circuit and its diodes is imperative; however, an unknown phase current peak value calls for either an over designed drive or the avoidance of the SRG’s use in high speed single pulse mode, especially under positive feedback. This work presents a technique to predict the phase current peak by detecting an optimal turn-off angle, which leads to a more controllable SRG with reduced drive constraints and higher output power, all while maintaining the same size of the machine. Experimental and simulation results pertaining to the scenario of a wind turbine experiencing changing wind speeds are presented in this paper.
Actively and Passively Generated Acoustic Distortion at 2f1-f2 in Rabbits

Upon stimulation of the mammalian ear by two tones of frequencies f1 and f2, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) can be measured at 2fl-f2 in the ear canal. These DPOAEs are vulnerable to cochlear insult; in small mammals 2f1-f2 DPOAEs below stimulus levels of 60–70 dB SPL disappear more rapidly post mortem, and are considerably more vulnerable to traumas such as asphyxia and aminoglycoside poisoning, than those above this level (Schmiedt & Adams, 1981; Kemp & Brown, 1984; Schmiedt, 1986; Lonsbury-Martin et al., 1987; Brown et al., 1989).