cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mass Media and Self-Esteem, Body Image, and Eating Disorder Tendencies

This study examines whether the level of exposure to mass media is related to self-esteem, body image, and eating disorder tendencies in a nonexperimental setting based on Festinger's social comparison theory. A convenience sample of 114 female college students participated in this study. Significant positive relationships between exposure to fashion or beauty magazines and (a) overall appearance dissatisfaction and (b) eating disorder tendencies were found. No relationship resulted from television exposure. In addition, risk of eating disorder tendencies was associated with (a) low self-esteem, (b) body dissatisfaction, and (c) overall appearance dissatisfaction.
A paper and plastic device for performing recombinase polymerase amplification of HIV DNA

Despite the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of HIV, only a small fraction of HIV-exposed infants in low- and middle-income countries are tested for the disease. The gold standard for early infant diagnosis, DNA PCR, requires resources that are unavailable in poor settings, and no point-of-care HIV DNA test is currently available. We have developed a device constructed of layers of paper, glass fiber, and plastic that is capable of performing isothermal, enzymatic amplification of HIV DNA. The device is inexpensive, small, light-weight, and easy to assemble. The device stores lyophilized enzymes, facilitates mixing of reaction components, and supports recombinase polymerase amplification in five steps of operation. Using commercially available lateral flow strips as a detection method, we demonstrate the ability of our device to amplify 10 copies of HIV DNA to detectable levels in 15 min. Our results suggest that our device, which is designed to be used after DNA extraction from dried-blood spots, may serve in conjunction with lateral flow strips as part of a point-of-care HIV DNA test to be used in low resource settings.
T Cell Lineage Commitment: Identity and Renunciation

Precursors undertaking T cell development shed their access to other pathways in a sequential process that begins before entry into the thymus and continues through many cell cycles afterward. This process involves three levels of regulatory change, in which the cells' intrinsic transcriptional regulatory factors, expression of signaling receptors (e.g., Notch1), and expression of distinct homing receptors separately contribute to confirmation of T cell identity. Each alternative potential has a different underlying molecular basis that is neutralized and then permanently silenced through different mechanisms in early T cell precursors. This regulatory mosaic has notable implications for the hierarchy of relationships linking T lymphocytes to other hematopoietic fates.
Vertical and horizontal movements of striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) near the Hawaiian Islands, determined by ultrasonic telemetry, with simultaneous measurement of oceanic currents

We measured the vertical and horizontal movements of striped marlin (Tetrapturus audax) off the leeward coast of the Island of Hawaii between 20 November and 18 December 1992 while simultaneously gathering data on water temperature and oceanic currents. Fish movements were monitored by ultrasonic depth-sensitive transmitters, depth-temperature profiles by an expendable bathythermograph system, and oceanic current patterns by an acoustic Doppler current profiler. Like Indo-Pacific blue marlin (Makaira mazara), striped marlin near Hawaii spend >85% of their time in the mixed layer (i.e., above 90 m depth). The maximum depth for striped marlin appears to be limited by water temperatures 8 C° colder than the mixed layer, rather than by an absolute lower temperature. We also found that the horizontal displacements of some striped marlin can be strongly influenced by currents.
Copula-Based Multivariate Input Models for Stochastic Simulation

As large-scale discrete-event stochastic simulation becomes a tool that is used routinely for the design and analysis of stochastic systems, the need for input-modeling support with the ability to represent complex interactions and interdependencies among the components of multivariate time-series input processes is more critical than ever. Motivated by the failure of independent and identically distributed random variables to represent such input processes, a comprehensive framework called Vector-Autoregressive-To-Anything (VARTA) has been introduced for multivariate time-series input modeling. Despite its flexibility in capturing a wide variety of distributional shapes, we show that VARTA falls short in representing dependence structures that arise in situations where extreme component realizations occur together. We demonstrate that it is possible to extend VARTA to work for such dependence structures via the use of the copula theory, which has been used primarily for random vectors in the simulation input-modeling literature, for multivariate time-series input modeling. We show that our copula-based multivariate time-series input model, which includes VARTA as a special case, allows the development of statistically valid fitting and fast sampling algorithms well suited for driving large-scale stochastic simulations.
World Variation in Human Welfare: A New Index of Development Status

Abstract We construct a new measure of the worldwide variation in human welfare as defined by life-sustenance, esteem, and freedom. A nation's physical, economic, social, and political systems should provide resources, institutions, and cultural environments that foster human welfare. The new Index of Development Status is an improvement on previous indices because it is built on concepts of human welfare and produces a robust, versatile measure that provides multidimensional insights about world variations. In constructing the new Index, we selected the following variables of systems outputs: physical—total value of primary industry output per capita, persons per square kilometer of arable land; economic—GNP/capita, and manufacturing value-added per capita; social—infant deaths per 1000 live births, percentage of age group in higher education, and percentage of rural population; political—government expenditures per capita, political rights index, and number of radios per 1000 population. Factor analysis...
EFFECTS OF FLOODING AND TEMPERATURE ON DORMANCY BREAK IN SEEDS OF THE SUMMER ANNUAL MUDFLAT SPECIES AMMANNIA COCCINEA AND ROTALA RAMOSIOR (LYTHRACEAE)

Abstract Studies were undertaken on seeds of the summer annual mudflat species Ammannia coccinea and Rotala ramosior to determine the (1) effects of flooding during late autumn to late spring on dormancy break and (2) optimum temperature for dormancy break. At maturity in autumn, about 65–100% of the seeds of these species were dormant. Seeds of both species buried under flooded and under nonflooded conditions in a nonheated greenhouse germinated to 70–98% at 30(day)/15(night)°C and at 35/20°C the following June or July; seeds required light for germination. As dormancy break occurred, seeds of R. ramosior showed a decrease in the minimum temperature for germination, but those of A. coccinea did not. In another experiment, seeds buried under nonflooded conditions in the nonheated greenhouse were flooded in November, December, February, March, April, or May, and all flooded seeds and nonflooded controls were exhumed and tested in July. With few exceptions, seeds of both species flooded for short (May–July)...
Pediatric Obesity and Safety in Inpatient Settings: A Systematic Literature Review

Objective. Pediatric obesity affects more than 16% of American children and is associated with worse outcomes in hospitalized patients. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies of adverse care events affecting obese pediatric patients in the emergency room, operating room, or inpatient wards. Evidence Review. We systematically searched Medline for articles published from 1970 to 2013 regarding obesity and patient safety events in pediatric acute care settings. We determined the study design, number of patients studied, definition and prevalence of obesity, the relevant acute care setting, the specific association with obesity addressed, and the results of each study. Results and Conclusion. Thirty-four studies documented both procedural complications and issues with general hospital care. Most were retrospective and focused on surgery or anesthesia. Obese patients may have increased risk for a variety of adverse events. Further study could improve institutional patient safety guide...
Oxidation-sharpened gated field emitter array process

Structural and electrical characteristics of silicon field emitter arrays are reported. The authors present a process using anisotropic etching of silicon, and silicon oxidation, to form self-aligned gated field emitter structures. The process uses plasma etching and oxidation to form the field emission tips, and allows control of the aspect ratio of the devices. Processing limits and process latitude are discussed. The authors observed average currents of 0.3 mu A/emitter in 1300-emitter arrays, and the emission is stable at 5*10/sup -8/ torr. The arrays exhibit a soft failure behavior, where individual emission tips fail as the gate voltage is increased, but the array as a whole continues to operate. >
Update on Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma

The tools for managing retinoblastoma have been increasing in the past decade. While globe-salvage still relies heavily on intravenous chemotherapy, tumors in advanced stage that failed chemotherapy are now referred for intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) to avoid enucleation. However, IAC still has many obstacles to overcome. We present an update on the indications, complications, limitations, success, and technical aspects of IAC. Given its safety and high efficacy, it is expected that IAC will replace conventional strategies and will become a first-line option even for tumors that are amenable for other strategies.
Laryngotracheoesophageal Cleft: Diagnosis, Management, and Presentation of a New Diagnostic Device

• Congenital posterior clefts between the laryngotrachea and the esophagus have rarely been encountered as evidenced by only 30 cases reported in the world literature. Of these, patients in nine have survived. We present another patient with this condition who was successfully treated. Important aspects in evaluation, including the need for an experienced endoscopist and cineradiography, are discussed. Postoperative management using a continuous infusion pump to administer formula per gastrostomy prevents gastric distension and emesis that lead to stress on the closure. This should be a basic consideration in the management of these patients.
Phase Diagram Studies in the SrO-CuO-TiO2 System; Applications to YBCO Coated Conductors

SrTiO3 (STO) is a potential buffer layer material for use in YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) coated conductors based on the IBAD MgO process. However, the interactions with YBCO are not yet fully understood and little information exists in the way of phase diagrams. With this in mind, the tie-line between STO and SrCuO2 in the pseudo-ternary system SrO-CuO-TiO2 was investigated. Phase assemblages and compositions were determined by x-ray diffraction and electron microscopy in the temperature range of 1000°C to 1100°C in oxygen partial pressures of 1%, 10%, and 100%. Preliminary results showed that an appreciable amount of copper substitutes into the STO crystal structure. Conversely, Ti substitution into the SrCuO2 phase was not detected.
Dual language exposure and early bilingual development

The extant literature includes conflicting assertions regarding the influence of bilingualism on the rate of language development. The present study compared the language development of equivalently high-SES samples of bilingually and monolingually developing children from 1 ; 10 to 2 ; 6. The monolingually developing children were significantly more advanced than the bilingually developing children on measures of both vocabulary and grammar in single language comparisons, but they were comparable on a measure of total vocabulary. Within the bilingually developing sample, all measures of vocabulary and grammar were related to the relative amount of input in that language. Implications for theories of language acquisition and for understanding bilingual development are discussed.
Adaptive divergence in seed color camouflage in contrasting soil environments

Although adaptive plant population divergence across contrasting soil conditions is often driven by abiotic soil factors, natural enemies may also contribute. Cryptic matching to the native soil color is a form of defensive camouflage that seeds can use to avoid detection by seed predators. The legume Acmispon wrangelianus occurs across a variety of gray-green serpentine soils and brown nonserpentine soils. Quantitative digital image analysis of seed and soil colors was used to test whether genetically based seed color is a closer match to the color of the native soil than to the color of other nearby soils. Lineages bear seeds that more closely match the color of their native serpentine or nonserpentine soil type than the opposing soil type. Further, even within a soil type, lineages bear seeds with a closer color match to the soil at their native site than to other sites. The striking concordance between seed and native soil color suggests that natural selection for locally camouflaged seed color morphs, probably driven by seed predators, may maintain adaptive divergence in pigmentation, despite the opportunity for migration between soil environments.
TEXSYS: a large scale demonstration of model-based real-time control of a space station subsystem

Recent tests are discussed of the Thermal Expert System (TEXSYS) for control of the Boeing Aerospace Thermal Bus System (BATBS), a prototype two-phase Space Station Freedom thermal bus. The authors first present a brief architectural overview of the system. They next provide a technical description of the original approach to the control and fault detection, isolation and recovery issues confronted by TEXSYS. They then discuss key architectural and representational tradeoffs made, along with significant problems encountered. TEXSYS test results show the successful completion of both nominal control and fault recovery actions with the BATBS. >
Management of ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an immune-mediated systemic disease affecting the mucosa of the mouth, eyes, nasopharynx, GI tract, genitalia and skin. Chronic inflammation and subepithelial blisters of the mucosa result in progressive scarring. Ocular MMP is characterized by a chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis, which leads to symblepharon, entropion, trichiasis, severe dry eye, cornea ulceration and potential blindness when untreated. One of the most effective treatments for ocular MMP is the combination therapy of cyclophosphamide (administered for 12–18 months) and oral corticosteroids (tapered over 3–4 months). This regimen has proven effective in controlling conjunctival inflammation, halting mucosal scarring and preventing potential vision loss, and is typically used for severe disease. Long-term drug-free remission is achievable in patients with this regimen. For all immunosuppressive medications, careful monitoring for drug-related side effects is crucial.
Relaxing Resource-Sharing Constraints for Improved Hardware Management and Schedulability

Modern computer architectures, particularly multicore systems, include shared hardware resources such as caches and interconnects that introduce timing-interference channels. Unmanaged access to such resources can adversely affect the execution time of other tasks, and lead to unpredictable execution times and associated analysis pessimism that can entirely negate the benefits of a multicore processor. To mitigate such effects, accesses to shared hardware resources should be managed, for example, by a real-time locking protocol. However, accesses to some hardware resources can be managed with more relaxed sharing constraints than mutual exclusion while still mitigating timing-interference channels. This paper presents two new classes of sharing constraints, preemptive mutual exclusion, and half-protected sharing, which are motivated by the sharing constraints of buses and caches, respectively. Synchronization algorithms are presented for both sharing constraints, where applicable, on both uni-and multi-processor systems. A fundamentally new analysis technique called idleness analysis is presented to account for the effects of blocking in globally scheduled multiprocessor systems. Experimental results suggest that these relaxed synchronization requirements and improved analysis techniques can improve schedulability by up to 250%. Furthermore, idleness analysis can be applied to existing locking protocols to improve schedulability in many cases.
Personality features, disordered eating, and alcohol use among college students: A latent profile analysis

Abstract Eating disorder behaviors are highly comorbid with alcohol use problems. Researchers have examined personality features such as impulsivity and negative emotionality in those who engage in eating disorders and alcohol abuse to try to explain this association. This study is the first to use latent profile analysis to identify profiles based on the following measures: 1 — Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality 2 — Negative Temperament Scale, Eating Disorder Inventory, and 3 — Risk Composite Scale, UPPS Negative Urgency Scale, Drinking Motives Coping Scale, and Michigan Alcohol Screening Test. Participants were college students, who completed a series of questionnaires online. A six profile solution with gender as a covariate yielded the best combination of fit and theoretical value. The six profiles were as follows: low risk , negative temperament , moderate risk , college drinking , coping , and high urgency. The coping and high urgency profiles demonstrated the highest risk for disordered eating, and the high urgency profile showed the highest risk for alcohol abuse and alcohol-related problems. These results suggest that students who engage in both disordered eating and alcohol abuse behaviors may be differentiated by the mechanisms that drive the behaviors, such as impulsivity and coping motives.
Motor Ability Tests for High School Girls

(1939). Motor Ability Tests for High School Girls. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 81-88.
Reaction Interface for Heterogeneous Oxidation of Aluminum Powders

Heterogeneous oxidation of aluminum is rate limited by diffusion through a growing aluminum oxide layer. If inward diffusion of oxygen ions is faster than outward diffusion of aluminum, the reaction will occur at the inner interface of the oxide. Conversely, the reaction will occur at the outer oxide surface if outward diffusion of aluminum is faster. The location of the heterogeneous reaction is identified processing results of thermogravimetric measurements for two oxidizing spherical aluminum powders with different but overlapping particle size distribution. For each experiment, the measured weight gain is distributed among particles of different sizes assuming that the rate of oxidation is proportional to the reactive interface area. Different models are considered to determine the interface area. For a ductile oxide shell, when there is no void between oxide and aluminum, two cases with the reaction occurring at both inner and outer surfaces of the shell were evaluated. In addition, a case with the r...
Effect of Morphology and Manganese Valence on the Voltage Fade and Capacity Retention of Li[Li2/12Ni3/12Mn7/12]O2

We have determined the electrochemical characteristics of the high voltage, high capacity Li-ion battery cathode material Li[Li2/12Ni3/12Mn7/12]O2 prepared using three different synthesis routes: sol–gel, hydroxide coprecipitation, and carbonate coprecipitation. Each route leads to distinct morphologies and surface areas while maintaining the same crystal structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements reveal differences in their surface chemistries upon cycling, which correlate with voltage fading. Indeed, we observe the valence state of Mn on the surface to decrease upon lithiation, and this reduction is specifically correlated to discharging below 3.6 V. Furthermore, the data shows a correlation of the formation of Li2CO3 with the Mn oxidation state from the decomposition of electrolyte. These phenomena are related to each material’s electrochemistry in order to expand upon the reaction mechanisms taking place–specifically in terms of the particle morphology produced by each synthetic a...
A novel method for deriving thresholds of toxicological concern for vaccine constituents.

AbstractSafety assessment evaluating the presence of impurities, residual materials, and contaminants in vaccines is a focus of current research. Thresholds of toxicological concern (TTCs) are mathematically modeled levels used for assessing the safety of many food and medication constituents. In this study, six algorithms are selected from the open-access ToxTree software program to derive a method for calculating TTCs for vaccine constituents: In Vivo Rodent Micronucleus assay/LD50, Benigni–Bossa/LD50, Cramer Extended/LD50, In Vivo Rodent Micronucleus assay/TDLo, Benigni–Bossa/TDLo, and the Cramer Extended/TDLo. Using an initial dataset (n = 197) taken from INCHEM, RepDose, RTECS, and TOXNET, the chemicals were divided into two families: “positive” – based on the presence of structures associated with adverse outcomes, or “negative” – no such structures or having structures that appear to be protective of health. The final validation indicated that the Benigni–Bossa/LD50 method is the most appropriate f...
Preoperative Reduction of Opioid Use Before Total Joint Arthroplasty

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess whether weaning of opioid use in the preoperative period improved total joint arthroplasty (TJA) outcomes. Methods Forty-one patients who regularly used opioids and successfully weaned (defined as a 50% reduction in morphine-equivalent dose) before a primary total knee or hip arthroplasty were matched with a group of TJA patients who did not wean and a matched control group of TJA patients who did not use opioids preoperatively. The difference between preoperative and postoperative (at 6-12 months follow-up) patient-reported outcomes were assessed using the change in University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, SF12v2, and The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Paired t tests and 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to assess differences in TJA outcomes between groups. Results Patients using opioids who successfully weaned had greater improvements in both disease-specific and generic measures of health outcomes than patients who did not wean (WOMAC 43.7 vs 17.8, P P = .003; UCLA activity score 1.49 vs 0, P P = .409. Patients who successfully weaned from opioids had similar outcomes to control patients who did not use opioids: WOMAC 39.0 vs 43.7, P = .31; SF12v2 Physical Component Score 12.5 vs 10.5, P = .35; SF12v2 Mental Component Score 3.08 vs 2.48, P = .82; UCLA activity 1.90 vs 1.49, P = .23. Conclusion Patients with a history of chronic opioid use who successfully decreased their use of opioids before surgery had substantially improved clinical outcomes that were comparable to patients who did not use opioids at all.
Piston Slap and Its Vibration Response Mechanism of Diesel Engine

The dynamic model of piston slap for a 12150diesel engine was built by analyzing the stress of piston.Based on the bench test of diesel engine,the in-cylinder pressure and body vibration signals were collected.The accuracy of slap model was verified according to the time-frequency characteristic of body vibration signal and diesel engine operating sequence.With the model,the influences of engine speed,load,temperature and piston fit-up gap on piston slap timing and slap kinetic energy were researched.Finally,the relations between the piston slap excitation and the piston fit-up gap as well as engine speed were revealed,which brought the theoretical basis for monitoring the liner wear with the vibration signal.
Thinking Outside the Illinois Brick Box: A Proposal for Reform

In Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, the Supreme Court adopted a per se ban on private, treble damage antitrust suits by “indirect purchasers” in federal courts. The Court did so based on its belief that, if permitted, such actions could result in duplicative liability and protracted and complex proceedings. It also concluded that concentrating all recovery rights in the hands of direct purchasers would best serve U.S. antitrust law’s twin goals of deterrence and compensation. Many states disagreed with the Court’s assessment. They viewed Illinois Brick’s ban on recovery by indirect purchasers as an arbitrary, anti-consumer limitation on the remedies available for violation of the antitrust laws and responded by adopting “Illinois Brick repealers.” By judicial decision or legislation, these repealers authorized indirect purchasers to sue in state courts under state antitrust laws. They became an accepted feature of the U.S. antitrust remedial system when, in California v. ARC America, the Supreme Court rejected the argument that state repealers were impliedly pre-empted by federal antitrust law as interpreted in Illinois Brick. Together, Illinois Brick, ARC America and some interrelated cases have produced a needlessly expensive, cumbersome, and complex antitrust remedial system that divides related cases between federal and state courts. Although removal and multi-district litigation procedures allow for some administrative efficiencies, the likely cost of the divided system is significant both for litigating parties and for the public and promote litigation strategies that may undermine the core goals of the antitrust remedial scheme. Ironically, the current system is more likely to produce the evils feared by the Supreme Court in Illinois Brick than a system that permitted indirect and direct purchasers alike to sue in federal court. And it is almost certain that the current divided remedial system has led to the odd combination of over-deterrence and under-compensation. This article presents a proposal for reform of the Illinois Brick-ARC America system that recalibrates the balance between deterrence and compensation. The goal is to establish a system that produces improved levels of both deterrence and compensation, while significantly decreasing the current, unacceptably high costs of administering our antitrust remedial system.
Identity in Frege’s Shadow

Frege overlooked the role of quantifiers as expressing, by their formal dependence on each other, the actual dependences between variables bound to them. The resulting flaw in Frege’s and other logicians’ logic began to be corrected only in IF logic. The dependence relations are codified in the Skolem functions that correspond to existential-force quantifiers. Their existence is the natural truth condition. Such functions are not adequately handled in first-order predicate logic. In any adequate logic, a fixed mode of identification is presupposed. The frameworks of identification can be perspectival or public. Kripke makes the same mistake about quantifiers as Frege and in addition assumes that only perspectival indentification is needed in the last analysis. He also overlooks dependence relations between modal operators and quantifiers.
Runaway Youth at the Time of Their Disappearance

In this chapter, the experiences of children and adolescents who run away from home or become homeless are described. This chapter examines why youth who are disconnected from their family, peers, and classmates and teachers may be at increased risk of running away from home. This chapter evaluates the extent to which child sexual, physical, and emotional abuse and neglect, domestic violence, school difficulties, and peer problems are determinants of running away from home. Findings from self-report narratives and the Runaway Youth Project (RYP), which is based on a random sample of 200 missing persons reports, are used to describe the demographic, social, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of runaway and homeless children and adolescents. This chapter highlights risk factors such as socioeconomic status, demographic characteristics, conduct disorder, sexual orientation, sexual and physical abuse and neglect, and family dysfunction that may increase the probability that young people will run away or become homeless. In this chapter, characteristics of the runaway episode such as duration, season, and travel patterns are evaluated. This chapter also analyzes the risks that runaway and homeless youth face for becoming victims of human trafficking, rape, assault and battery, sexually transmitted infections, developing suicidal behaviors, substance abuse problems, and other psychosocial and physical health problems. In this chapter, the criminal history of runaway youth is discussed.
Use of synthetic data to test biometric algorithms

For digital imagery, face detection and identification are functions of great importance in wide-ranging applications, including full facial recognition systems. The development and evaluation of unique and existing face detection and face identification applications require a significant amount of data. Increased availability of such data volumes could benefit the formulation and advancement of many biometric algorithms. Here, the utility of using synthetically generated face data to evaluate facial biometry methodologies to a precision that would be unrealistic for a parametrically uncontrolled dataset, is demonstrated. Particular attention is given to similarity metrics, symmetry within and between recognition algorithms, discriminatory power and optimality of pan and/or tilt in reference images or libraries, susceptibilities to variations, identification confidence, meaningful identification mislabelings, sensitivity, specificity, and threshold values. The face identification results, in particular, could be generalized to address shortcomings in various applications and help to inform the design of future strategies.
Discrimination of correlated and entangling quantum channels with selective process tomography

The accurate and reliable characterization of quantum dynamical processes underlies efforts to validate quantum technologies, where discrimination between competing models of observed behaviors inform efforts to fabricate and operate qubit devices. We present a protocol for quantum channel discrimination that leverages advances in direct characterization of quantum dynamics (DCQD) codes. We demonstrate that DCQD codes enable selective process tomography to improve discrimination between entangling and correlated quantum dynamics. Numerical simulations show selective process tomography requires only a few measurement configurations to achieve a low false alarm rate and that the DCQD encoding improves the resilience of the protocol to hidden sources of noise. Lastly, our results show that selective process tomography with DCQD codes is useful for efficiently distinguishing sources of correlated crosstalk from uncorrelated noise in current and future experimental platforms.
Evaluation of the critical plastic region length in slender reinforced concrete bridge columns

Abstract This paper presents how the length of the critical plastic region (Lpr) in slender columns is significantly larger than what is estimated from current models, which were developed for shorter columns. Experimental results from three large-scale slender reinforced concrete columns with aspect ratios (length to depth) up to 12 were used to explore the effect of slenderness on Lpr. Components of Lpr, including linear moment gradient, nonlinear moment gradient, and tension shift effect were extracted from the test data and the contribution from each component was determined. Experimental Lpr values were compared with American, European, and New Zealand design guidelines. All design codes considered in this study significantly underestimated Lpr except for seismic design provisions provided by Caltrans. Previous expressions for the length of the plastic region were reexamined in light of the new experimental data and strong disagreement between experimental and predicted Lpr was observed. A new expression for Lpr, which correlates well with test data is thus proposed. The expression varies according to the magnitude of inelastic demands, defined by displacement ductility, and includes the effect of nonlinear moment gradient due to P-δ effects.
Perceived Need for Home- and Community-Based Services: Experiences of Urban Chinese Older Adults With Functional Impairments

Guided by Cantor's social care model, this study identified individual, family, and social support factors that influence urban older adults' need for home- and community-based services, including medical and rehabilitation, instrumental care and support, and psychosocial services. The data were extracted from the Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China conducted by the China Research Center on Aging in 2006. Results from multiple logistic regression show that older adults' need for medical and rehabilitation services is significantly related to instrumental activities of daily living, depression, not having filial children, friend support networks, and having a confidant. Older adults' need for instrumental care and support is related to their educational attainment, financial strain, instrumental activities of daily living, not living with children, and friend support networks. Finally, older adults' need for psychosocial services is significantly related to educational attainment, depression, not being married, friend support networks, and having a confidant. Implications for social service development are discussed.
A Posture of Reciprocity: A Practical Approach to Collaboration Between Professionals and Parents of Culturally Diverse Backgrounds

The current emphasis on developing culturally responsive services for families of children with disabilities from culturally diverse backgrounds informs the need for professional self-awareness whereby professionals learn to recognize not only the cultural specificity of personal values and beliefs but also of their professional practice. We describe an approach, the posture of reciprocity, that enables professionals to acquire this level of cultural awareness. Examples to illustrate applications of the posture are provided.
Implicit Gibbs prior models for tomographic reconstruction

Bayesian model-based inversion has been applied to many applications, such as tomographic reconstructions. However, one limitation of these methods is that prior models are quite simple; so they are not capable of being trained to statistically represent subtle detail in images. In this paper, we demonstrate how novel prior modeling methods based on implicit Gibbs distributions can be used in MAP tomographic reconstruction to improve reconstructed image quality. The concept of the implicit Gibbs distribution is to model the image using the conditional distribution of each pixel given its neighbors and to construct a local approximation of the true Gibbs energy from the conditional distribution. Since the conditional distribution can be trained on a specific dataset, it is possible to obtain more precise and expressive models of images which capture unique structures. In practice, this results in a spatially adaptive MRF model, but it also provides a framework that assures convergence. We present results comparing the proposed method with both state-of-the-art MRF prior models and K-SVD dictionary-based methods for tomographic reconstruction of images. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can achieve higher resolution recovery.
Compounds with Locative Particles as First Elements in Present-Day-English

(1956). Compounds with Locative Particles as First Elements in Present-Day-English. WORD: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 391-398.
Spuriously aggressive features of a lactating adenoma prompting repeated biopsies

We present an atypical presentation of a common pregnancy-related breast mass, a lactating adenoma with imaging and pathologic correlation. The patient presented with a rapidly enlarging left breast mass associated with skin changes and severe pain in the perinatal period. Core biopsies were considered discordant, and the patient went on to surgical excision for the definitive diagnosis of an infarcted lactating adenoma. The symptoms of infarction may obscure the diagnosis of common entities and result in additional evaluation.
Three concepts to retire

The history of scientific discourse is full of concepts that surged in popularity, came to be taken for granted, but faded away – not necessarily totally: Alchemical, astrological, spiritual, and a...
Right ventricular function after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a comparison between bovine pericardium and porcine small intestinal extracellular matrix.

Background The porcine small intestinal extracellular matrix reportedly has the potential to differentiate into viable myocardial cells. When used in tetralogy of Fallot repair, it may improve right ventricular function. We evaluated right ventricular function after repair of tetralogy of Fallot with extracellular matrix versus bovine pericardium. Method Subjects with non-transannular repair of tetralogy of Fallot with at least 1 year of follow-up were selected. The extracellular matrix and bovine pericardium groups were compared. We used three-dimensional right ventricular ejection fraction, right ventricle global longitudinal strain, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to assess right ventricular function. Results The extracellular matrix group had 11 patients, whereas the bovine pericardium group had 10 patients. No differences between the groups were found regarding sex ratio, age at surgery, and cardiopulmonary bypass time. The follow-up period was 28±12.6 months in the extracellular matrix group and 50.05±17.6 months in the bovine pericardium group (p=0.001). The mean three-dimensional right ventricular ejection fraction (55.7±5.0% versus 55.3±5.2%, p=0.73), right ventricular global longitudinal strain (−18.5±3.0% versus −18.0±2.2%, p=0.44), and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursions (1.59±0.16 versus 1.59±0.2, p=0.93) were similar in the extracellular matrix group and in the bovine pericardium group, respectively. Right ventricular global longitudinal strain in healthy children is reported at −29±3% in literature. Conclusion In a small cohort of the patients undergoing non-transannular repair of tetralogy of Fallot, there was no significant difference in right ventricular function between groups having extracellular matrix versus bovine pericardium patches followed-up for more than 1 year. Lower right ventricular longitudinal strain noted in both the groups compared to healthy children.
Recovery of Oxygen Distributions in Tissue from Phosphorescence Decay Data

Oxygen dependent quenching of phosphorescence has become one of the most effective and accurate methods for measuring oxygen concentration. Because it is a non invasive optical technique, this method has been successfully used for both in vitro and in vivo studies (see for example Vanderkooi et al., 1991; Wilson et al., 1991). It has great potential as a new clinical tool in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseased states, particularly those leading to altered oxygen pressures in the tissue.
Insight into the phenotype of infants with Pompe disease identified by newborn screening with the common c.-32-13T>G "late-onset" GAA variant.

Abstract Objective Newborn screening (NBS) has led to early diagnosis and early initiation of treatment for infantile onset Pompe Disease (IOPD). However, guidelines for management of late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) via NBS, especially with the IVS c.-32-13T > G are not clear. This IVS variant is noted in 68–90% cases with LOPD and has been presumed to result in “adult” disease in compound heterozygosity, with a few cases with earlier onset and a mild to no phenotype in homozygosity. Our study evaluates newborns with LOPD having IVS variant with a diligent multidisciplinary approach to determine if they have an early presentation. Methods Seven children with LOPD identified by NBS with IVS variant (3 compound heterozygous, and 4 homozygous) were evaluated with clinical, biochemical (CK, AST, ALT, and urinary Glc4), cardiac evaluation, physical therapy (PT), occupational, and speech/language therapy. Results All seven patients demonstrated motor involvement by age 6 months; the three patients with c.-32-13 T > G variant in compound heterozygosity had symptoms as neonates. Patients with c.-32-13 T > G variant in compound heterozygosity had more involvement with persistent hyperCKemia, elevated AST and ALT, swallowing difficulties, limb-girdle weakness, delayed motor milestones, and were initiated on ERT. The patients with c.-32-13T > G variant in homozygosity had normal laboratory parameters, and presented with very subtle yet LOPD specific signs, identified only by meticulous assessments. Conclusion This patient cohort represents the first carefully phenotyped cohort of infants with LOPD with the “late-onset” GAA variant c.-32-13T > G detected by NBS in the USA. It emphasizes not only the opportunity for early detection of skeletal and other muscle involvement in infants with c.-32-13T > G variant but also a high probability of overlooking or underestimating the significance of clinically present and detectable features. It can thus serve as a valuable contribution in the development of evaluation and treatment algorithms for infants with LOPD.
Multiple sclerosis and sexual dysfunction: A need for further education and interdisciplinary care.

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition affecting young women and men, resulting in varied disabilities, including sexual dysfunction. Objective This narrative review aims to describe the prevalence, pathophysiology, and impact of sexual dysfunction in people with MS (PwMS); provide a review of current assessment and treatment strategies; and offer considerations for future care. Methods Literature review was performed to identify primary and secondary sources discussing sexual dysfunction in PwMS. Results Sexual dysfunction is common in PwMS and can occur throughout the disease course. Sexual dysfunction is associated with depression, reduced quality of life, and may have broader implications related to relationships, fertility, pregnancy, and parenting. The etiology is often multifactorial and can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction in PwMS is underdiagnosed and undertreated; however, many healthcare providers may already have the skills required to care for PwMS with sexual dysfunction. Conclusions Additional education for providers regarding the approach to assessment and management of sexual dysfunction, their potential role in treatment, and available specialized resources is needed. The role of interdisciplinary care with collaboration among providers should be considered. Further research should evaluate the impact of specific assessment tools and treatments on sexual dysfunction in PwMS.
Using herbarium specimens to select indicator species for climate change monitoring

Phenology is one of the best indicators to observe plant responses to climate change and predict future changes in plant communities. Choosing indicator species to monitor biological responses to climate change may be improved if herbarium specimens are combined with ongoing monitoring efforts to understand phenological responses over longer periods. We analyzed herbarium specimen data from Colorado’s alpine region, as alpine areas are predicted to be especially sensitive to climate change. We assessed phenological patterns in relation to temperature and precipitation for 287 species and growing degree days (GDD) for 235 species. Average low temperature, maximum GDD, and average precipitation increased over the study period. As temperature and GDD increased, phenology advanced, but as precipitation increased, phenology was delayed. Even with this variability of environmental responses, a significant trend of earlier flowering appeared when all species were analyzed together. Of the species that showed significantly earlier flowering dates, they advanced on average more than 39 days over the 61 years of the study. When assessing only specimens of species monitored in a national program (USA National Phenology Network), we found that these species showed similar trends to the entire dataset. When selecting species for ongoing monitoring efforts, herbarium specimens are an important resource to incorporate historical patterns into assessments of climate change and phenological drivers.
Securing data forwarding against blackhole attacks in mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is vulnerable to many types of attacks. Thus, security has turned out to be an important factor to facilitate secured communication between mobile nodes in a wireless environment. In this paper we propose a new approach to provide reliable and secure data transmission in MANETs under possible blackhole attacks based on ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) protocol and homomorphic encryption scheme for security. The performance of the proposed scheme is stable but that of AOMDV is found to be degrading with the intrusion of malicious nodes in the network. Simulation results show the improvement of packet delivery ratio and network throughput in the presence of blackhole nodes in our proposed scheme.
Abstract MP31: State-Level Impact of Low Physical Activity on All-Cause Disease Burden

Introduction: While a consensus for the beneficial effects of physical activity exists, the optimal level of exercise and its effect on the disease burden across all states of the United States has...
Distorted Mirrors: Antonius Margaritha, Johann Buxtorf and Christian Ethnographies of the Jews

Entire Jewish Faith d'Antonius Margaritha et Jewish Synagogue de Johann Buxtorf sont les deux plus importantes ethnographies chretiennes au sujet des juifs ecrites au cours de la periode moderne. Margaritha et Buxtorf ne sont pas des scientifiques desinteresses: ils cherchent a apporter une vue juste et contrastee de la vie religieuse juive, mais sont deux chretiens violemment opposes au judaisme. Ils le critiquent sous trois angles differents: le judaisme comme theologie biblique, l'interaction sociale des juifs et des chretiens, les juifs a l'interieur du monde politique de l'Empire
Regulation of aortic CuZn-superoxide dismutase with copper. Effects in vivo

Cu2Zn2-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) was purified from chicken liver. The liver enzyme had a subunit Mr of 16900 and contained equimolar amounts of copper and zinc [0.26% (w/w) for each]. Aortic CuZn-SOD had the same Mr as estimated by gel filtration and cross-reacted with antibodies to the liver enzyme. Both enzymes were inhibited by 1.0 mM-NaCN. Within 24-72 h after hatching, total SOD activity in aorta rose 3-fold over the day-1 level and stayed elevated for 10 days. With low dietary copper, the total SOD activity rose as before, but then decayed progressively to non-detectable levels in 10 days. Both the cyanide-sensitive (CuZn-SOD) and insensitive (mangano-SOD) activities fell, but not at the same rate. When the 10-day-old deficient chicks were injected with 0.5 mumol of CuSO4 intraperitoneally, SOD activity in aorta was restored to control levels in about 8 h. Despite non-measurable SOD activity in aorta, extracts from the 15-day-old-deficient-chick tissue contained as much, or slightly more, immunoreactive CuZn-SOD protein as age-matched control tissue. The data show clearly that dietary copper regulates SOD activity in the aortas of young developing animals. They further suggest that a copper deficiency suppresses CuZn-SOD activity without inhibiting synthesis or accumulation of the CuZn protein in this tissue.