cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mouse hepatitis virus utilizes two carcinoembryonic antigens as alternative receptors.

Abstract The cellular receptor for the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) has been identified as a member of the murine carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family (R. K. Williams, G. S. Jiang, and K. V. Holmes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5533-5536, 1991). However, the receptor protein was not detected in some of the susceptible mouse tissues. We therefore examined whether other types of MHV receptor might exist. By polymerase chain reaction with the conserved sequences of murine CEA gene family members (mmCGM) as primers, we detected two CEA-encoding RNAs in the mouse liver. One of them (1.3 kb) encodes mmCGM1, which has previously been identified as the receptor for MHV, and the other one (0.8 kb) was shown to encode another member of mouse CGM, mmCGM2. The sequence analysis showed that mmCGM2 lacks 564 nucleotides in the middle of the gene compared with mmCGM1. These two CEA transcripts are probably derived from the same gene by an alternative splicing mechanism. Expression of either of these cDNA clones in COS-7 cells rendered these cells susceptible to MHV infection, suggesting that not only mmCGM1 but also mmCGM2 serves as a receptor for MHV. The mmCGM2 was the major CEA species in the mouse brain, which is a main target organ for the neurotropic strains of MHV. Very little mmCGM1 was detected in the mouse brain or in cells of the susceptible mouse astrocytoma cell line DBT. This result indicates that MHV may utilize different CEA molecules as the major receptor in the mouse brain and in the liver. This is a first identification of multiple receptors for a single virus. The presence of different receptors in different tissues may explain the target cell specificity of certain MHVs.
Temporal changes in U.S. benzene emissions inferred from atmospheric measurements.

The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments required the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to enact stricter regulations aimed at reducing benzene emissions. In an effort to determine whether these new regulations have been successful in reducing atmospheric benzene concentrations, we have evaluated benzene-to-acetylene ratios from data sets spanning nearly three decades, collected during several field studies and from the U.S. EPA's Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station (PAMS) network. The field-study data indicate a decrease in benzene relative to acetylene of approximately 40% from 1994 to 2002. This corresponds to a decrease in benzene alone of approximately 56% over the same period. In contrast, the PAMS data exhibit high interannual variability with no discernible trend. This discrepancy is attributed to measurement problems in the PAMS data sets.
Convective growth of gyro-harmonic electrostatic waves along a beam-filled waveguide

Abstract Analysis of the dispersion relation for electrostatic waves in a beam-filled pipe with an axial magnetic field B reveals that short wavelength standing transverse perturbations can exhibit growth along the B field. Thus millimeter wave amplifiers can be conceived of requiring neither high voltage beams nor high B fields.
Investigations of an Antibody Ligase

Further investigation of the monoclonal antibody 16G3 has revealed that it not only couples activated amino acids to form dipeptides with high turnover rates but also couples an activated amino aci...
Angiographic diagnosis of gastric volvulus with report of a complication following left gastric artery embolization

Gastric volvulus is a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract obstruction and may present as acute UGI hemorrhage. The angiographic findings of gastric volvulus are discussed and a report of a complication of embolization of the left gastric artery in unsuspected mesenteroaxial stomach volvulus is given.
Hepatitis C virus core protein promotes immortalization of primary human hepatocytes.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein has many intriguing properties as a viral factor and is implicated in cell growth regulation. In this study, the cell growth regulation potential of HCV core protein was investigated by introduction of the core genomic region into primary human hepatocytes, a natural host for virus replication and tropism. Core-transfected primary human hepatocytes displayed altered cell morphology resembling that of low-differentiated epithelial cells. Those cells retained an immortalized phenotype and exhibited continuous growth after more than 50 passages over 2 years. Stable hepatocyte transfectants exhibited albumin secretion and HCV core protein expression. Telomerase activity, a characteristic of immortalized or transformed cells, was evident in the transfected hepatocytes immediately after senescence. Anchorage-independent growth of the immortalized hepatocytes provided further evidence for a transformed phenotype. Results from these studies suggest that the HCV core protein promotes primary human hepatocytes to an immortalized phenotype, which may predispose cells over an extended period of time to undergo a transforming event. Thus, HCV core protein appears to contribute to virus-mediated pathogenesis in a persistently infected host.
Study of precipitation and growth of γ′ and dislocation structure in Inconel X-750

Abstract The precipitation of the γ′ (Ll 2 ) phase in Inconel X-750 has been studied in the 704–871°C ageing temperature range using transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of γ′ was observed to be cuboidal for all ageing temperatures, deviating from this only at long ageing times. The loss of coherency of γ′ precipitate occurred by nucleation of dislocation loops at and around the precipitate, interaction of dislocations at the interface, and the attraction of dislocations toward the particle/matrix interface.
A characterization of database graphs admitting a simple locking protocol

A simple locking protocol is presented for transactions executing concurrently in a database. The locking protocol is not two-phase, but each entity in the database may be locked at most once by any transaction. The database is modeled by a directed graph whose vertices correspond to the entities, and whose arcs correspond to certain locking restrictions. Necessary and sufficient conditions which assure serializability and deadlock-freedom in the absence of a concurrency control are derived.
Genetic variation for susceptibility to storm-induced stem breakage in Solidago altissima: The role of stem height and morphology

While storms can have obvious ecological impacts on plants, plants’ potential to respond evolutionarily to selection for increased resistance to storm damage has received little study. We took advantage of a thunderstorm with strong wind and hail to examine genetic variation for resistance to stem breakage in the herbaceous perennial Solidago altissima. The storm broke the apex of nearly 10% of 1883 marked ramets in a common-garden plot containing 26 genets of S. altissima. Plant genets varied 20-fold in resistance to breakage. Stem height was strongly correlated with resistance to breakage, with taller stems being significantly more susceptible. A stem’s growth form (erect versus nodding) had no detectable effect on its resistance to breakage. Therefore, we rejected the hypothesis that a function of the nodding, or “candy-cane,” morphology is protection of the apex from storm damage. The significant genetic variation in S. altissima for stem breakage suggests that this plant has the capacity to respond to selection imposed by storms e particularly through changes in mean stem height. Tradeoffs between breakage resistance and competition for light and pollinators may act to maintain a large amount of genetic variation in stem height.
Meiotic recombination hotspots of fission yeast are directed to loci that express non-coding RNA.

Background Polyadenylated, mRNA-like transcripts with no coding potential are abundant in eukaryotes, but the functions of these long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are enigmatic. In meiosis, Rec12 (Spo11) catalyzes the formation of dsDNA breaks (DSBs) that initiate homologous recombination. Most meiotic recombination is positioned at hotspots, but knowledge of the mechanisms is nebulous. In the fission yeast genome DSBs are located within 194 prominent peaks separated on average by 65-kbp intervals of DNA that are largely free of DSBs. Methodology/Principal Findings We compared the genome-wide distribution of DSB peaks to that of polyadenylated ncRNA molecules of the prl class. DSB peaks map to ncRNA loci that may be situated within ORFs, near the boundaries of ORFs and intergenic regions, or most often within intergenic regions. Unconditional statistical tests revealed that this colocalization is non-random and robust (P≤5.5×10−8). Furthermore, we tested and rejected the hypothesis that the ncRNA loci and DSB peaks localize preferentially, but independently, to a third entity on the chromosomes. Conclusions/Significance Meiotic DSB hotspots are directed to loci that express polyadenylated ncRNAs. This reveals an unexpected, possibly unitary mechanism for what directs meiotic recombination to hotspots. It also reveals a likely biological function for enigmatic ncRNAs. We propose specific mechanisms by which ncRNA molecules, or some aspect of RNA metabolism associated with ncRNA loci, help to position recombination protein complexes at DSB hotspots within chromosomes.
Circadian organization in quail retina: differential regulation of melatonin synthesis and iodopsin gene expression in vitro.

Adult Japanese quail have an endogenous circadian clock located in their eyes that has been shown to regulate melatonin biosynthesis. We investigated if a circadian oscillator is present in cultures of dispersed embryonic quail retina. Melatonin release in retinal cell culture is modulated by the light cycle, indicating that there are functional photoreceptors in culture. However, when cultures were placed in constant darkness no rhythm of melatonin was observed, indicating that at this period of development the circadian oscillator does not influence melatonin release. To explore further the question of whether a circadian oscillator is present in embryonic cell culture, we examined expression of iodopsin, the red visual pigment. Iodopsin mRNA is expressed in a circadian rhythm with peak levels occurring late in the afternoon (ZT 9). Analysis indicates that the clock influence is at the level of gene transcription. These results suggest that a clock is not “hooked up” to melatonin release embryonically or that a different oscillator regulates photopigment expression versus melatonin release.
Interface management: a fictional case study

Follows a previous paper which outlined a “performance pyramid” model, designed to enable interface managers to relate the key performance indicators of their business to working environment effectiveness. The concept allows managers to communicate more easily the value‐added contribution of the working environment to the organization, through close communication with finance, human resources and operations managers in strategic decision making. For reasons of client confidentiality, uses a fictional case study which includes real experiences observed in a number of organizations and puts these elements together under the performance pyramid model.
The effect of dietary protein levels on xenobiotic biotransformations in F344 male rats

Diets containing protein levels of 8, 12, and 22% were fed for 14 days to Fischer 344 male weanling rats. Enzyme activities in liver and kidney were measured using several substrates for each of the following enzyme systems: Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase, ester hydrolysis, and conjugations with sulfate, glutathione, and glucuronic acid. Enzyme activities, for the various mechanisms, decreased from 15 to 65% with decreased dietary protein, with the exception of glucuronide and sulfate conjugation, which increased with decreased dietary protein. In vivo effects were evaluated by measuring hexobarbital sleeping time, procaine paralysis time, and bromobenzene hepatotoxicity. Increased dietary protein shortened hexobarbital sleeping time and procaine paralysis time, and increased procaine lethality, whereas low protein intake protected against bromobenzene hepatotoxicity. These data suggest that typical laboratory diets (22-25% protein) may provide artificially altered activities of xenobiotic biotransformation in rats, relative to nutritionally adequate (12% protein) diets.
Cost analysis of flat-plate concentrators employing microscale photovoltaic cells for high energy per unit area applications

Microsystems Enabled Photovoltaics (MEPV) is a relatively new field that uses microsystems tools and manufacturing techniques familiar to the semiconductor industry to produce microscale photovoltaic cells. The miniaturization of these PV cells creates new possibilities in system designs that can be used to reduce costs, enhance functionality, improve reliability, or some combination of all three. In this article, we introduce analytical tools and techniques to estimate the costs associated with a hybrid concentrating photovoltaic system that uses multi-junction microscale photovoltaic cells and miniaturized concentrating optics for harnessing direct sunlight, and an active c-Si substrate for collecting diffuse sunlight. The overall model comprises components representing costs and profit margin associated with the PV cells, concentrating optics, balance of systems, installation, and operation. This article concludes with an analysis of the component costs with particular emphasis on the microscale PV cell costs and the associated tradeoffs between cost and performance for the hybrid CPV design.
Some Effects of Bone-Conducted Masking

Twenty subjects with normal hearing and 20 subjects with sensori-neural hearing loss were examined relative to the effects of wide- and narrow-band white noise delivered by bone conduction at the f...
The P50 auditory event-evoked potential in adult attention-deficit disorder: comparison with schizophrenia.

Abstract Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia are both conceptualized as disorders of attention. Failure to inhibit the P50 auditory event–evoked response, extensively studied in schizophrenia, could also occur in ADHD patients, if these two illnesses have common underlying neurobiological substrates. Methods: This study examined the inhibition of the P50 auditory event–evoked potential in 16 unmedicated adults with ADHD, 16 schizophrenic outpatients, and 16 normal control subjects. Auditory stimuli were presented in a paired stimulus, conditioning-testing paradigm. Results: The amplitude of initial or conditioning P50 response did not differ between the three groups; however, significant effects of psychiatric diagnosis on the amplitude of the test response and the ratio of the test to the conditioning response amplitudes were observed. Schizophrenic patients’ P50 ratios and test amplitudes were higher than both the ADHD and normal groups. Conclusions: Adults with ADHD do not have the inhibitory deficit seen in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that the mechanism of attentional disturbance in the two illnesses may be fundamentally different.
Effect of adsorption of EAM metal atoms on the structure of a sodium-alumino silicate glass surface: a molecular dynamics simulation

Abstract The simulation of the deposition of model platinum atoms onto a sodium-alumino silicate glass surface was performed using classical molecular dynamics computer simulations. In order to more accurately simulate adatom/adatom atomic interactions, embedded atom method (EAM) potential functions for Pt were used. Results obtained herein are compared to a previous publication where a Lennard-Jones potential was used for adatom/adatom interactions. Similarities with the previous results were observed in the structural shifts of the NAS glass despite the different potentials for the adsorbate atoms used in this simulation. There is, however, a difference observed between the degree of metal penetration into the glass and the behavior of Na ions during the deposition for the different adatom/adatom potentials.
A Christian Islamist

AbstractIn this review, the author discusses Volf’s paradigm from an Islamic perspective, and compares and contrasts some of Volf’s assertions with those of his avowed counterpart: the Muslim fundamentalist Syed Qutb. Some interesting questions are raised, and the differences between these two paradigms, it is claimed, is not as great as what might initially appear.
Identifying a Gaussian signal after a zero-memory filter

Abstract We exhibit two large classes of filters which allow for the identification of an incoming Gaussian signal.
Distinguishing features of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with breast cancer

Thirty-five women with breast cancer and primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT) were admitted to Memorial Hospital during a 25-year period. The incidence of primary hyperparathyroidism in the breast cancer patients was similar to the incidence in the total patient population at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (0.15% and 0.14%, respectively). The patients with 1 degree HPT disease had clinical findings which distinguished them from those patients with cancer-related hypercalcemia. Eighty percent of the breast cancer patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had earlier stage disease (Stage 0, Stage 1, Stage 2); whereas 97% of the patients with breast cancer and hypercalcemia (not due to 1 degree HPT) had advanced disease. There appeared to be a trend towards improved survival in the breast cancer patients with primary hyperparathyroidism when compared to patients of similar stage of disease who did not have parathyroid disease.
Low Rates of Expression Profile Divergence in Highly Expressed Genes and Tissue-Specific Genes During Mammalian Evolution

Evolutionary rates provide important information about the pattern and mechanism of evolution. Although the rate of gene sequence evolution has been well studied, the rate of gene expression evolution is poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear whether the gene expression level and tissue specificity influence the divergence of expression profiles between orthologous genes. Here we address this question using a microarray data set comprising the expression signals of 10,607 pairs of orthologous human and mouse genes from over 60 tissues per species. We show that the level of gene expression and the degree of tissue specificity are generally conserved between the human and mouse orthologs. The rate of gene expression profile change during evolution is negatively correlated with the level of gene expression, measured by either the average or the highest level among all tissues examined. This is analogous to the observation that the rate of gene (or protein) sequence evolution is negatively correlated with the gene expression level. The impacts of the degree of tissue specificity on the evolutionary rate of gene sequence and that of expression profile, however, are opposite. Highly tissue-specific genes tend to evolve rapidly at the gene sequence level but slowly at the expression profile level. Thus, different forces and selective constraints must underlie the evolution of gene sequence and that of gene expression.
An Analytical Model of Collaboration Between Engineers Working on Team and on Individual Projects

Collaboration of engineers with diverse technical background such as those found in cross-functional teams has been addressed as a key for successful system development. Similarly, the benefit of team-based-project class is increasingly emphasized in curriculum development. In a team project, however, there is always a temptation for a team member to free-ride on other team members’ efforts (i.e., receive the same credit without contributing to the project). This paper presents an analytical model in which two engineers work on a team project, as well as individually on separate projects. The engineers receive the same performance evaluation on their team project (whether they actually contribute to the project or not), but independent evaluations on their individual projects. This paper uses the model to identify conditions that discourage free-riding and encourage collaboration between two engineers. The results of the analysis and implications to team projects in industry and in curriculum are discussed.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Validation of an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Code Algorithm for Identifying Chiari Malformation Type 1 Surgery in Adults.

Background The use of administrative billing data may enable large-scale assessments of treatment outcomes for Chiari Malformation type I (CM-1). However, to utilize such data sets, validated International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9-CM) code algorithms for identifying CM-1 surgery are needed. Objective To validate 2 ICD-9-CM code algorithms identifying patients undergoing CM-1 decompression surgery. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the validity of 2 ICD-9-CM code algorithms for identifying adult CM-1 decompression surgery performed at 2 academic medical centers between 2001 and 2013. Algorithm 1 included any discharge diagnosis code of 348.4 (CM-1), as well as a procedure code of 01.24 (cranial decompression) or 03.09 (spinal decompression, or laminectomy). Algorithm 2 restricted this group to patients with a primary diagnosis of 348.4. The positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity of each algorithm were calculated. Results Among 340 first-time admissions identified by Algorithm 1, the overall PPV for CM-1 decompression was 65%. Among the 214 admissions identified by Algorithm 2, the overall PPV was 99.5%. The PPV for Algorithm 1 was lower in the Vanderbilt (59%) cohort, males (40%), and patients treated between 2009 and 2013 (57%), whereas the PPV of Algorithm 2 remained high (≥99%) across subgroups. The sensitivity of Algorithms 1 (86%) and 2 (83%) were above 75% in all subgroups. Conclusion ICD-9-CM code Algorithm 2 has excellent PPV and good sensitivity to identify adult CM-1 decompression surgery. These results lay the foundation for studying CM-1 treatment outcomes by using large administrative databases.
SNAP-Shots of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cells

Long regarded as a toxic byproduct, hydrogen peroxide is increasingly recognized as an important cellular signal. Efforts at defining the spatiotemporal nature of hydrogen peroxide production recently got a boost by the development of a series of organelle-targeted fluorescent probes by Srikun et al. (2010).
Retardation of cerebellar and motor development by focal x-irradiation during infancy.

Abstract The cerebellum of rats was irradiated daily with 150 r X-ray from birth for 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. This led to a proportional decrease in the mature weight of the cerebellum due to interference with the acquisition of cerebellar microneurons. The motor development of these animals was observed from 11–30 days in an open field situation. It was also assessed in tests in which they had either to climb up on a rod or descend on a rope. The animals exposed to the highest number of doses persisted longer in displaying infantile motor patterns and showed a reduced frequency or duration in the exhibition of various motor skills. They also tended to drag their hindfeet, fell during locomotion and were severely handicapped in climbing. The deficits of the intermediate radiation groups was of a lower magnitude, and the low radiation groups were handicapped only in tasks which depend predominantly on the coordination of the hindlimbs.
Cogent Bodies, Self-Aware Souls: An Apologetic for Theater in Christian Higher Education.

Mission statements of Christian institutions of higher education often include the purpose of forming individuals to live out their Christian commitments in larger society. This article presents the case that including theater in Christian higher education prepares students to further God's kingdom in this world after graduation—whether or not they do so through the medium of theater. Specifically, the argument is that training in theater serves two primary and interrelated goals in students' development: cogent bodies, capable of representing God to others through relationships, and self-aware souls, foundational for the development of character. The conclusion offers a case example of a successful theater program at Wheaton College.
Left Atrial–Esophageal Fistula After Pulmonary Vein Isolation: A Cautionary Tale

A 56-year-old man presented with a 3-day history of progressive epigastric burning, dysphagia, and tactile fever. These symptoms started approximately 4 weeks after an uncomplicated pulmonary vein isolation procedure for atrial fibrillation had been performed at an outside facility. At the time of presentation, the patient was found to be febrile, and blood cultures were positive for Streptococcus viridans growth. Appropriate antibiotic therapy was started at that time. Chest x-ray did not reveal any abnormal findings. Because endocarditis was suspected, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiograms were performed, but no valvular abnormalities were found. Subsequently, he developed right arm and right leg weakness and a naming deficit associated with anomia, acalculia, and agraphia. He was then transferred to our hospital for further evaluation. At the time of transfer, the …
Manual and oral stereognosis in children with cleft palate, gonadal dysgenesis, pseudohypoparathyroidism, oral facial digital syndrome and Kallman's syndrome.

Using the twenty standard stereognosis forms developed at NIH, we investigated manual and oral sensation in children with cleft palates (n = 25), gonadal dysgenesis (n = 8), pseudohypoparathyroidism (n = 5), oral-facial-digital syndrome (n = 2) and Kallman's syndrome (n = 2). Fifty normal children served as controls. Mean ($x ± SEM) manual and oral scores (16.4 ± 0.2 and 13.6 ± 0.3, respectively) and mean manual and oral times (3.4 ± 0.1 sec and 4.5 ± 0.4 sec, respectively) of the controls compared well with previously reported data. Mean manual and oral scores (18.0 ± 0.3 and 13.1 ± 0.5, respectively) and times (3.6 ± 0.2 and 5.1 ± 0.6, respectively) of the subjects with cleft palate were essentially similar to that of controls. Mean manual scores of the subjects with gonadal dysgenesis (15.3 ± 0.6) and pseudohypo-parathyroidism (16.8 ± 0.8) were similar to that of controls but manual times were significantly elevated (5.3 ± 0.3 and 6.5 ± 0.4, respectively; p < 0.001). Mean oral scores and times of the patients with gonadal dysgenesis (9.4 ± 0.8 and 8.7 ± 1.1 sec) and pseudohypoparathyroidism (8.2 ± 1.0 and 11.9 ± 1.4 sec) were also significantly. altered (p < 0.001). The manual and oral scores of the subjects with Kallman's syndrome were essentially similar to those of controls but the patients with oral-facial-digital syndrome had decreased manual and oral scores (15.5 ± 1.5 and 8.5 ± 1.5) and increased manual and oral times (4.2 ± 0.2 sec and 7.5 ± 0.5 sec). The data suggest an abnormality in stereognosis ability in patients with gonadal dysgenesis, pseudo-hypoparathyroidism and oral-facial-digital syndrome. These observations suggest that such patients have in common certain oral sensory abnormalities which may aid in understanding their aetiology and pathogenesis.
Primary isolation of Donovania granulomatis by chick brain inoculation, and induction of cerebral miliary granulomata.

Summary and conclusions1. D. granulomatis was shown to persist for at least 9 months in the chick brain, while contaminating organisms rapidly died out. This finding was utilized in the primary isolation of the organism from contaminated material. 2. Miliary granulomata were induced in the brains of chicks by intracerebral inoculation of material containing D. granulomatis.
A Study of Arterial Vasodilation as a Means of Modulating Wall Shear Stress

Diseases of the heart continue to be the number 1 killer of Americans. In 2001, cardiovascular disease and stroke cost the United States an estimated $298.2 billion [American Heart Association]. Heart disease and related vascular disorders remain focus areas during this decade for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as reported in Healthy People 2010.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Clinical manifestations of cutaneous metastases: a review with special emphasis on cutaneous metastases mimicking keratoacanthoma.

Approximately 5%of oncology patients develop cutaneous metastases, with only a small number of these patients (less than 1%) having metastatic skin lesions as the first sign of their visceral cancer. Metastases tend to occur on skin surfaces in the vicinity of the primary tumor. However, any site may be affected by cutaneous metastases. Skin metastases can present with several morphologies including, albeit rarely, keratoacanthoma-like lesions. Keratoacanthoma is a keratinous tumor that morphologically appears as a nodule with a central keratin-filled crater. This article reviews the characteristics of oncology patients whose cutaneous metastases mimicked a keratoacanthoma, including illustrations from our patient, a 53-year-old Caucasian man whose metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma not only presented with a keratoacanthomalike tumor on his upper lip but also a forehead macule and a scalp nodule. We also report keratoacanthomalike presentations from literature cases of breast cancer, chondrosarcoma, and pulmonary malignancies. The lesions were discovered 3–24 months after diagnosis of visceral cancer and led to the discovery of unsuspected lung cancer in two patients. Most of the patients (60%) died within 2 months of discovery of the keratoacanthoma-like cutaneous metastases. We also reviewed the literature and discuss other morphologies of cutaneous metastases in patients whose primary tumors were in the breast, lung, and esophagus. In addition, we review from the literature other examples of tumors that present as metastatic nodules on the scalp. The possibility of cutaneous metastasis should be entertained and pathologic evaluation should be considered in an oncology patient with underlying visceral malignancy who develops a keratoacanthomalike lesion.
Adaptation of Aquatic Microbial Communities to Hg2+ Stress

The mechanism of adaptation to Hg2+ in four aquatic habitats was studied by correlating microbially mediated Hg2+ volatilization with the adaptive state of the exposed communities. Community diversity, heterotrophic activity, and Hg2+ resistance measurements indicated that adaptation of all four communities was stimulated by preexposure to Hg2+. In saline water communities, adaptation was associated with rapid volatilization after an initial lag period. This mechanism, however, did not promote adaptation in a freshwater sample, in which Hg2+ was volatilized slowly, regardless of the resistance level of the microbial community. Distribution of the mer operon among representative colonies of the communities was not related to adaptation to Hg2+. Thus, although volatilization enabled some microbial communities to sustain their functions in Hg2+-stressed environments, it was not mediated by the genes that serve as a model system in molecular studies of bacterial resistance to mercurials.
An orientation distribution model for interpreting ESR line shapes of ordered spin labels

Abstract Partial macroscopic orientation of an ordered array of spin labels is simulated by assuming a Gaussian distribution of the labels and using the distribution function to weight the individual stick spectra that contribute to the final ESR spectrum. The orientation distribution function also includes provision for skewing the distribution, effectively introducing an angle of tilt of the spin label axes with respect to the plane of the partially oriented sample. Skewing the distribution 90° enables calculation of spectra that are characteristic of cylindrical symmetry. This orientation distribution is used in conjunction with models for rapid anisotropic motion. The computer simulations of biological samples with plane symmetry and cylindrical symmetry are presented for a model membrane system (egg lecithin multilayers) and axonal membranes (invertebrate nerve bundle). The distribution of orientations within the sample is determined, so that the partially oriented samples can be quantitatively described both as to average amplitude ofmotion and range of orientations in the spin-labeled regions. The FORTRAN listing of the computer program is included in the Appendix.
Gender, Mad Scientists and Nanotechnology

What does feminism have to do with nanotechnology? And how do mad scientists demonstrate the connections between the two? To explore this, I examine a case study of mad scientists in film, discussing first why mad scientist images arise and why nanotechnology, or the manipulation of matter on the atomic and molecular scales, may be particularly vulnerable to this kind of representation. National funding agencies are calling for the integration of ethics and societal implications into nanoscience and technology research and the training of future scientists and engineers. This emphasis offers a powerful way to break down stereotypes about science and engineering that discourage the participation of some groups.
TCP-friendly layered video for Internet multicast

TCP-friendly layered video transmission for the Internet multicast application is investigated in this research. To adapt the available bandwidth in a TCP-friendly manner, a receiver-driven rate adaptation approach based on layered video is used. The receiver adjusts its number of subscription layer based upon the TCP-throughput estimation obtained from our previous work known as smooth and fast rate adaption mechansim(SFRAM). Since SFRAM mitigates unnecessary rate fluctuation and responds only to distinct network variations, a receiver can add or drop a certain number of video layers in a very stable manner. Furthermore, we apply the priority dropping mechanism (PDM) to protect the video layer selectively. To achieve fairness among different flows with PDM, we propose a new packet classification scheme (PCS) to assign the priority to each layer based upon the target rate. Since proposed PCS can also distinguish the priority for packets even within the same layer, it is suitable for Internet video multicast. With PCS, we implement PDM on the random early dropping (RED) queue to drop packets of the lowest priority layer so that end users may avoid instant error propagation. We conduct NS simulations to examine the proposed layer adaptation behavior and the effect of PDM. Our results show that SFRAM is effective enough to direct the right number of subscription layer stably while it behaves in a TCP-friendly manner. Furthermore, PDM on RED can protect layered video of the highest priority effectively with proposed PCS.
Compensatory Division in the Occupy Movement

Rhetorical approaches to identification have tended to favor it over its counterpart, division. However, compensatory divisions can be rhetorically productive for protest movements that challenge the state. An analysis of the use of these divisions in the Occupy Wall Street movement—particularly the use of the human microphone and computer networking—shows that these technologies aid in enacting divisions between protestors and the dominant social structures that they challenge, thus creating the potential for rhetorically productive sociality.
Mitochondrial mobility in differentiating muscle heterokaryons

Ragged-red fibers, a morphological hallmark of many patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathies who harbor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, usually contain varying ratios of mutated and wild-type mtDNAs. Deficient respiratory function in muscle is almost invariably segmental. To investigate whether this observation may be explained by restricted lateral movement of mitochondria within myofibers, we studied the spatial and temporal behavior of two different mitochondrial populations within multinucleate myotubes. We co-cultured normal human and mouse myoblasts, allowed them to fuse into muscle heterokaryons and investigated whether the mitochondria remained segregated, or migrated and intermixed. Human and mouse nuclei were identified by their differential staining pattern with the dye Hoechst 33 258 and mitochondria were distinguished immunologically and by in situ hybridization. Although we observed some territoriality at very early time points after myoblast fusion, there was rapid intermixing of the mitochondrial populations, as early as 48 h after myoblast fusion. We conclude that mitochondria, unlike many other muscle components, lack territorial organization in cultured, differentiating heterokaryons.
An Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience in Transitional Care

Objectives. To implement and assess a 4-week advanced pharmacy practice experience in transitional care. Design. Students participated in the transitional care planning of patients being discharged from 4 general medicine services. Students interviewed patients; assessed discharge medications; reconciled preadmission and discharge medications; provided medication counseling; and conducted postdischarge follow-up by phone to assist patients with medication-related problems and identify additional concerns. Assessment. Student involvement increased the number of patients who could be assessed and interviewed by the pharmacist preceptor from 10 patients/day to 15 to 20 patients/day. Students strengthened their provider-patient and provider-provider communication skills and developed skills in identifying and resolving barriers to medication adherence. Conclusion. This transitional care APPE provided students an opportunity to gain experience and self-confidence in the application of pharmaceutical care skill...
A Wavelet-based Seismogram Inversion Algorithm for the In Situ Characterization of Nonlinear Soil Behavior

We present a full waveform inversion algorithm of downhole array seismogram recordings that can be used to estimate the inelastic soil behavior in situ during earthquake ground motion. For this purpose, we first develop a new hysteretic scheme that improves upon existing nonlinear site response models by allowing adjustment of the width and length of the hysteresis loop for a relatively small number of soil parameters. The constitutive law is formulated to approximate the response of saturated cohesive materials, and does not account for volumetric changes due to shear leading to pore pressure development and potential liquefaction. We implement the soil model in the forward operator of the inversion, and evaluate the constitutive parameters that maximize the cross-correlation between site response predictions and observations on ground surface. The objective function is defined in the wavelet domain, which allows equal weight to be assigned across all frequency bands of the non-stationary signal. We evaluate the convergence rate and robustness of the proposed scheme for noise-free and noise-contaminated data, and illustrate good performance of the inversion for signal-to-noise ratios as low as 3. We finally employ the proposed scheme to downhole array data, and show that results compare very well with published data on generic soil conditions and previous geotechnical investigation studies at the array site. By assuming a realistic hysteretic model and estimating the constitutive soil parameters, the proposed inversion accounts for the instantaneous adjustment of soil response to the level and strain and load path during transient loading, and allows results to be used in predictions of nonlinear site effects during future events.
Tailoring gut immune responses with lipoteichoic acid-deficient Lactobacillus acidophilus

As highlighted by the development of intestinal autoinflammatory disorders when tolerance is lost, homeostatic interactions between gut microbiota, resident immune cells, and the gut epithelium are key in the maintenance of gastrointestinal health. Gut immune responses, whether stimulatory or regulatory, are dictated by the activated dendritic cells (DCs) that first interact with microorganisms and their gene products to then elicit T and B cell responses. Previously, we have demonstrated that treatment with genetically modified Lactobacillus acidophilus is sufficient to tilt the immune balance from proinflammatory to regulatory in experimental models of colitis and colon cancer. Given the significant role of DCs in efficiently orchestrating intestinal immune responses, characterization of the signals induced within these cells by the surface layer molecules, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and proteins of L. acidophilus is critical for future treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal diseases. Here, we discuss the potential regulatory pathways involved in the downregulation of pathogenic inflammation in the gut, and explore questions regarding the immune responses to LTA-deficient L. acidophilus that require future studies.
Higher orders in N−1 in the Gross-Neveu model

Abstract We study higher-order terms in the N expansion of the two-dimensional model field theory of Gross and Neveu. The quantity M σ 2M F −1 (MF is the fermion mass, Mσ is the scalar bound-state mass), is conjectured to deviate from zero in O(N−4). Order N−1 corrections are found to leave unchanged both the symmetry-breaking, and the absence of zeros of the Callan-Symanzik function β for real non-zero coupling constant. Behavior of β for complex coupling constant is altered considerably by the corrections; consequences are discussed. We obtain the following additional results: proof that the model is renormalizable without the necessity of additional interactions; construction of a perturbation theory in the asymmetric vacuum; proof of a lemma on fermion-antifermion thresholds in two-dimensional space-time; derivation of closed formulae for arbitrary one-loop integrals in two-dimensional space-time.
Multiple evolutionary origins of prochlorophytes within the cyanobacterial radiation

THE taxonomic group Prochlorales (Lewin 1977) Burger-Wiersma, Stal and Mur 1989 was established to accommodate a set of prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs which, like plant, green algal and euglenoid chloroplasts, contain chlorophyll b instead of phycobiliproteins. Prochlorophytes were originally proposed (with concomitant scepticism1–3) to be a monophyletic group sharing a common ancestry with these 'green' chloroplasts4–6. Results from molecular sequence phytogenies, however, have suggested that Prochlorothrix hollandica7 is not on a lineage that leads to plastids8–12. Our results from 16S ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons, which include new sequences from the marine picoplankter Prochlorococcus mariniis13,14 and theLissoclinum patella symbiont Prochloron sp.15, indicate that prochlorophytes are polyphyletic within the cyanobacterial radiation, and suggest that none of the known species is specifically related to chloroplasts. This implies that the three prochlorophytes and the green chloro-plast ancestor acquired chlorophyll b and its associated structural proteins in convergent evolutionary events. We report further that the 16S rRNA gene sequence from Prochlorococcus is very similar to those of open ocean Synechococcus strains (marine cluster A (ref. 16)), and to a family of 16S rRNA genes shotgun-cloned from plankton in the north Atlantic and Pacific Oceans17–19.
Rigidity of p-adic cohomology classes of congruence subgroups of GL(n, ℤ)

The main result of [Ash-Stevens 97] describes a framework for constructing padic analytic families of p-ordinary arithmetic Hecke eigenclasses in the cohomology of congruence subgroups of GL(n)/Q where the Hecke eigenvalues vary p-adic analytically as functions of the weight. Unanswered in that paper was the question of whether or not every p-ordinary arithmetic eigenclass can be “deformed” in a “positive dimensional family” of arithmetic eigenclasses. In this paper we make precise the notions of “deformation” and “rigidity” and investigate their properties. Rigidity corresponds to the non-existence of positive dimensional deformations other than those coming from twisting by the powers of the determinant. Formal definitions are given in §3. When n = 3, we will give a necessary and sufficient condition for a given p-ordinary arithmetic eigenclass to be p-adically rigid and we will use this criterion to give examples of p-adically rigid eigenclasses on GL(3). More precisely, we define a “Hecke eigenpacket” to be a map from the Hecke algebra to a coefficient ring which gives the Hecke eigenvalues attached to a Hecke eigenclass in the cohomology. We then consider p-adic analytic “deformations” of the Hecke eigenpacket. There are several advantages to this point of view, as opposed to deforming the cohomology classes themselves. For one thing, a surjective map of coefficient modules need not induce a surjective map on the cohomology. Standard tools of algebra and geometry can be used to study the Hecke algebra and the deformations of the eigenpackets. Moreover, it is the Hecke eigenvalues that carry the interesting arithmetic information attached to a cohomological eigenclass. Our main theoretical tool is the cohomology of congruence subgroups Γ ⊆ GL(n,Z) with coefficients in the space of bounded measures on the big cell of GL(n) (see §2). In §4 we define the ring Rord as a quotient of the Hecke algebra acting on the p-ordinary part of this cohomology. In Theorem 4.2 we prove that Rord is universal in the sense that every p-ordinary arithmetic Hecke eigenpacket factors through Rord. We show that Rord is a complete semilocal noetherian ring and study the geometry of its associated p-adic rigid analytic space Xord. This leads
Superconducting suprises: The novel structure of the intermediate state in superconductors and Higgs theories

Abstract Consider a block of type I superconducting material placed in a weak magnetic field. Because of the Meissner effect the magnetic field is expelled. As the field strength is increased the magnetic field will penetrate the superconductor. The problem is to predict the pattern of penetration.
Family Caregiver Involvement and Satisfaction With Institutional Care During the 1st Year After Admission

The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between caregivers’ involvement and their satisfaction with institutional care during the 1st year. This panel study includes 145 care-givers. A summary indicator of satisfaction was analyzed (a) near admission and (b) for change 1 year after admission. Caregivers were least satisfied with physicians and the number of staff at both time points. Satisfaction at admission and change in satisfaction from admission to 1 year later were regressed on caregivers’ involvement after controlling for caregivers’ depression, family tension, and perceived behavioral problems of their relatives. Multivariate results indicated that more involved caregivers at admission were less satisfied with institutional care at admission and became less satisfied during the year after admission. More involved caregivers may be less satisfied because they see firsthand problems with nursing home care and because a meaningful caregiving role after institutionalization is not ...
High-Speed Multiple-Channel Analog to Digital Data-Acquisition Module for Microprocessor Systems

Intelligent data acquisition and instrumentation systems established by the incorporation of microprocessor technology require high-speed analog to digital conversion of multiple-channel input signals. Sophisticated data systems or subsystems are enabled by the microprocessor software flexibility to establish adaptive input data procedures. These adaptive procedures are enhanced by versatile interface circuitry which is software controlled.