cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delayed recurrences and survival after relapse in patients initially treated with intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer: A Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

5577 Background: Randomized trials have shown that intraperitoneal (IP) therapy is superior to intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer patients with long-term survival outcomes. We...
Assessment and Intervention for Anxiety in Pediatric Primary Care: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACTChildren and adolescents face significant risk of experiencing psychological distress at some point in their lives, and anxiety disorders represent one of the most common psychological diagnoses for this age group. Concurrently, they may also face numerous barriers in accessing much needed services. Recent developments in health care, including mental health services, emphasize the need for proactive assessment and intervention for such concerns, with specific focus on the role of pediatric primary care. Early research in this area demonstrates support for the integration of psychological assessment and intervention in the primary care setting; however, little attention has been paid to anxiety assessment and intervention in pediatric primary care in particular. The current systematic review sought to synthesize and describe the current state of assessment and intervention for anxiety in pediatric primary care in order to inform current practice and provide recommendations for this prevalent and m...
“Into the Realm of the Politically Incorrect”: Intercultural Encounters in a Service-Learning Program

Now more than ever, teachers of world languages are encouraged to become intercultural mediators in their communities and classrooms. This study describes the impact of an innovative community-based teacher education program for developing participants' interculturality. Building on narrative methods of investigation, we explore the potential of community-based service-learning as a social space in which participants learn to recognize and mediate worldviews. The data come primarily from field observations and pre-service teachers’ journaled reflections. We illustrate our findings through a series of narratives that serve as a frame for locating cultural recognition and learning.
U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Command technology efforts for the rapid force projection initiative

CECOM technology efforts in support of the RFPI program are presented in this paper. RFPI, a system of systems, will provide early entry light forces with a suite of state-of-the-art sensors and weapons coupled with the command and control capabilities necessary to defeat an enemy armor threat at extended ranges. CECOM’s principal participation in RFPI is through four ATDs/TDs, three sensor-oriented demonstrations and one command and control demonstration. This paper describes, for each technology demonstration, the RFPI requirements to be satisfied, CECOM’s analysis and design approach, and demonstration objectives. RFPI is also a significant participant in Army battlefield digitization efforts associated with the achievement of FORCE XXI objectives. CECOM’s role and goals in support of these efforts are also discussed.
Orpheus unglued: sticky shed syndrome and tape’s archival anxieties

AbstractIn the late 1980s, sound archivists discovered that many of their tapes were crumbling into dust. A condition known as sticky shed syndrome was causing several tape stocks from the 1970s to grow unstable, due to a problem with the adhesive binding that affixed the magnetic oxide to its polyester backing. In the worst cases, an affected tape would literally shed off its oxide the moment it was played, irrevocably destroying the item. Although preservationists quickly devised effective solutions, the threat of loss surrounding sticky shed has continued to loom large in popular media, appearing each year in news stories about important artefacts at risk of disintegration. This article considers the overpowering language of anxiety that saturates these discussions, arguing that the anxiety does not stem from sticky shed alone, but is built into the very nature of sound recording and archival practice.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: what can we conclude about IL-17 antagonism?

Purpose: IL-17 antagonists are effective for psoriasis in clinical trials, but long-term safety is not fully characterized. Since chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) is caused by defects in the...
How inventory management systems mistreat retail project quantity items and other bimodally distributed products

To insure appropriate inventory levels in retail outlets, replenishment managers concern themselves with both timing of shipments and quantity of product available within the store. While organizat...
Toward country scale building detection with convolutional neural network using aerial images

Establishing up-to-date nationwide building maps is essential to understand urban dynamics, such as estimating population and urban planning and many other applications. However, an efficient and effective solution is yet to be developed. In this paper, for the first time we evaluate three state-of-the-art CNNs for detecting buildings across entire United States using aerial images. The three CNN architectures, fully convolutional neural network, conditional random field as recurrent neural network, and SegNet, support semantic pixel-wise labeling and focus on capturing textural information at multi-scale. We use 1-meter resolution NAIP images as the test data set, and compare the detection results across the three methods. In addition, we propose to combine signed distance function labels with SegNet, which is the preferred CNN architecture identified by our extensive evaluations. The results are further improved in terms of precision, recall rate and the number of building detected. On average, model inference on test images is less than one minute for an area of size ∼ 56 km2. With these promising results and the time required to process images, the framework offers great potential toward country scale building mapping with remote sensing imagery.
A model to evaluate Pauwels type III femoral neck fractures.

While many femoral neck fractures can be reliably treated with surgical intervention, Pauwels III femoral neck fractures in the young adult population continue to be a challenging injury, and there...
Contaminated High-Plasticity Clay by Hydraulic Fracturing Fluids

This study aims to examine the changes of geotechnical properties of high-plasticity clay by hydraulic fracturing fluid and to predict the contaminated fluid-clay behavior based on Hattab-Chang model. Similar to electrical double layer van der Waals forces, repulsive and attractive forces derived from energy potentials are used to describe soil behavior under different pore fluid concentrations. The designed contaminated samples are composed of remolded saturated high-plasticity clays and hydraulic fracturing fluids ranging from 0 to 100% industry-supplied concentration, designated as C 0 , C 0.1 , C 0.5 , and C 1 . The relationship between local model parameters and pore fluid concentration is obtained using the executed geotechnical experiments including Atterberg limits, direct shear, and one-dimensional load increment consolidation. The geotechnical experiments provide the results including soil consistency, hydraulic properties, and shear strength with respect to different pore fluid concentrations. The Hattab-Chang model is supplemented with a relationship between the surface potential characteristic value of \( \widetilde{{A_{N} }}/\tilde{B} \) and different pore fluid concentrations.
Why Exchange Values are Not Environmental Values: Explaining the Problem with Neoliberal Conservation

In recent years, scholars have critiqued neoliberal conservation, asserting that neoliberal conservation policies tend to have ineffective outcomes and reinforce existing power relations. I build on this research by using a combination of quantitative and qualitative data from research in the Bellbird Biological Corridor, Costa Rica. I demonstrate that only a small subset of values for sustainable land uses align with monetary exchange values for ecosystem services, and I suggest that this may result in neoliberal conservation policy in the region having a perverse impact on long-term sustainability. Mixed methods data show that across the study area landowners engage differently with neoliberal conservation mechanisms, and market fluency is one of the factors shaping this interaction. Results further show how policy that emphasises an exchange value view of environmental benefits reflects an over-simplification of values that can undermine ecological sustainability by promoting short-term values of “competitive land uses.” This research highlights that integrating ecosystem services into marketable goods renders neoliberal conservation policies inadequate, and subject to volatile market fluctuations. I suggest that conservation policy should reinforce multifaceted social values toward sustainable landscapes, rather than promote economic incentives that reduce environmental benefits to exchange value.
Justifying Moral Principles

Moral decisions are founded upon moral principles. For the most part, these principles are taken to be authoritative and no challenge to that authority is raised. But what is the source, if there is any, from which the authority of the moral principle flows? If one believes that one ought to obey God’s will, then to demonstrate that to be honest is to act in accord with the divine will is to show why one ought to be honest, even if one isn’t. The justification of an act is the principle which implies that the act be done. But how can we justify the principle itself?
The gap protein knirps mediates both quenching and direct repression in the Drosophila embryo.

Abstract Transcriptional repression is essential for establishing localized patterns of gene expression during Drosophila embryogenesis. Several mechanisms of repression have been proposed, including competition, quenching and direct repression of the transcription complex. Previous studies suggest that the knirps orphan receptor (kni) may repress transcription via competition, and exclude the binding of the bicoid (bcd) activator to an overlapping site in a target promoter. Here we present evidence that kni can quench, or locally inhibit, upstream activators within a heterologous enhancer in transgenic embryos. The range of kni repression is approximately 50-100 bp, so that neighboring enhancers in a modular promoter are free to interact with the transcription complex (enhancer autonomy). However, kni can also repress the transcription complex when bound in promoter-proximal regions. In this position, kni functions as a dominant repressor and blocks multiple enhancers in a modular promoter. Our studies suggest that short-range repression represents a flexible form of gene regulation, exhibiting enhancer- or promoter-specific effects depending on the location of repressor binding sites.
Inference for time to event and sojourn time data under right censoring using reweighting approaches

INFERENCE FOR TIME TO EVENT AND SOJOURN TIME DATA UNDER RIGHT CENSORING USING REWEIGHTING APPROACHES Jie Fan June 16,2010 In this dissertation research, we aim to solve problems of two types of survival data, clustered survival data with potentially informative cluster size and sojourn time data. The methods for these two types of data are different. However, both data have right censored observations, and we use reweighting approaches to deal with the censoring issue. In the first part of the dissertation research, we consider marginal AFT models for correlated survival data with potentially informative cluster size. Informative cluster size means that the size of the correlated groups may be predictive of their survival characteristics. Two competing proposals, cluster-weighted AFT (CWAFT) marginal model and non-cluster-weighted AFT (NCW AFT) marginal model, are investigated. Simulation and theoretical results show that the CW AFT approach produces unbiased parameter estimation, but that the NCWAFT model does not when the cluster size is informative. We use probability-probability plots to investigate statistical properties of confidence intervals and adopt Wald tests to examine power properties for the CW AFT model. To illustrate our analysis, we apply the CWAFT model to a dental study data set.
The Perils of Comparative Law Research

This article is part of a festschrift in honor of Michele Taruffo’s remarkable career, and the astonishing erudition reflected in his wide ranging and significant corpus. One criticism is advanced, to-wit that he has too readily accepted as true the persistent rhetoric to the effect that the American adversarial system does not pursue accuracy in adjudication and is dominated by a sporting model in which the stronger and smarter wins regardless of truth and that Continental legal systems are much more geared toward truth determination. This rhetoric is examined and found to rest on striking mischaracterizations of both approaches to litigation. A more accurate, although quite general, description of both approaches is provided that suggests the rhetoric has it exactly backwards. Suggestive data concerning American and Continental legal systems are presented that directly conflict with the rhetoric. In addition, the obvious prediction is that accurate and efficient legal systems should lead to economic growth and innovation. Some suggestive data is presented, which shows that since 1980 the United States has dominated France, Germany, Spain, and Italy in both regards, tending to disconfirm the comparative effectiveness of the European legal systems. Compounding variables are mentioned, and hence the title, “The Perils of Comparative Law Research.”
Investigating Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks for Financial Time-Series Prediction

Stock prices are co-integrated with fundamental valuation factors (earnings, revenue, cash flow, etc.). This has allowed legendary value investors such as Warren Buffett to enjoy tremendous investment success over the long-term. However, the market is efficient at discounting past information and consensus future expectations. Having the ability to read non-obvious information and to have a better prediction at future valuation factors (surprises from consensus estimates) would likely lead to investment outperformance (generating alpha returns) over the long run. In a recently published work, Alberg and Lipton used various artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict companies’ valuation ratios from their historical fundamental factors and suggested promising results. Aligned with this thought, this research project aims at using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network, a type of recurrent neural network (RNN), to predict future fundamental valuation factors of companies and then test investment results by applying active risk-return optimized portfolio strategies. The reasons for choosing LSTM network for this study are the following: (1) like a deep neural network, LSTM is a flexible universal function approximator suited for time-series forecast; (2) LSTM, unlike vanilla version of RNN, does not suffer from “vanishing gradient problem” and is well suited in discovering long-range characteristics, hence its name. Given that LSTM network (or deep neural network in general) enjoys a reputation of being prone to over-fitting to in-sample data, we spend a significant amount of efforts in studying the over-fitting behavior and try to lay out systematic procedures in detecting and mitigating such issues. The current work gives us confidence and excitement that much more can be explored to potentially further improve the prediction performance and investment returns.
Case 31: Delayed Presentation Zone I/II Open Globe Injury

A 28-year-old man presented with a Zone I and II open globe injury of the left eye. Following workplace trauma, the patient presented to an outside urgent care facility and was diagnosed with a corneal abrasion. Four days later, continued worsening of his blurry vision prompted an outside hospital emergency room visit. The patient was ultimately transferred to MEE and underwent surgical repair for his delayed presentation open globe injury of his left eye. This case highlights the importance of maintaining a high level of suspicion of an open globe injury in the setting of trauma. Self-sealing corneal wounds can present in a delayed fashion and may be missed if obvious findings such as subconjunctival hemorrhage or uveal prolapse are not present.
Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatments in Perceived Devastating Brain Injury: The Key Role of Uncertainty

Withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment (WOLST) is the leading proximate cause of death in patients with perceived devastating brain injury (PDBI). There are reasons to believe that a potentially significant proportion of WOLST decisions, in this setting, are premature and guided by a number of assumptions that falsely confer a sense of certainty. This manuscript proposes that these assumptions face serious challenges, and that we should replace unwarranted certainty with an appreciation for the great degree of multi-dimensional uncertainty involved. The article proceeds by offering a taxonomy of uncertainty in PDBI and explores the key role that uncertainty as a cognitive state, may play into how WOLST decisions are reached. In order to properly share decision-making with families and surrogates of patients with PDBI, we will have to acknowledge, understand, and be able to communicate the great degree of uncertainty involved.
Challenges for Combining Smart Contracts with Trusted Computing

Modern Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs), such as Intel SGX, gain more and more popularity in the blockchain community and their adoption has already been started. Combining smart-contract execution with TEEs promises efficient solutions for protecting data privacy in distributed ledgers, as an alternative to much more costly cryptographic protocols. This paper describes practical challenges that arise from the combination of smart contracts with TEEs. In particular, we discuss existing solutions and their conceptional differences of on-chain and off-chain execution followed by technical challenges on attestation, key management, and non-deterministic execution.
Repression Substitution: Shifting Human Rights Violations in Response to UN Naming and Shaming

Does the United Nations naming and shaming of specific violations of human rights decrease government repression? In this article, we argue that international shaming of specific human rights viola...
Examining the Impact of Professional Development and Coaching on Mentoring of Novice Special Educators

The similarity of teaching assignments between mentor and novice teachers are typically regarded as necessary prerequisites for successful mentoring relationships. Yet, due to the personnel shortag...
SPR1NG Controller: An Interface for Kinesthetic Spatial Manipulation

A new interface for kinesthetic spatial manipulation of 3D objects, designed as a controller for game-based applications, VR and training-simulations is presented. The interface combines force feedback with hand and wrist driven motion, and is built around a spring placed between two handles. Its design introduces a new, hands-linked paradigm where the spring embodies the physicality of the virtual or real object to be manipulated. The user of the SPR1NG Controller feels as if he/she is actually holding and manipulating three-dimensional objects, where changes in the shape of the spring are intuitively translated into the motion and physical modification of those objects. An example software application, Shape Fitter, is described to showcase the new interface.
Investigating curvilinear relationships of explicit and implicit aggression with workplace outcomes

Although previous research has demonstrated the value of integrating explicit and implicit measures of aggression for predicting workplace outcomes, such investigations only examined linear and int...
Theistic intellectual humility and well-being: does ideological context matter?

Existing conceptualizations and operationalizations of intellectual humility (IH) have not taken into account the way IH is experienced and expressed by theists. Based on a conceptualization of Chr...
Managing Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure—Perspectives After COAPT

Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) in setting of cardiomyopathy causes significant morbidity and worsened survival. Surgical therapies have failed to demonstrate significant overall benefit for functional MR. More recently, major trials utilizing transcatheter therapies for functional MR have been completed and offer new avenues for intervention. This review evaluates and compares 2 major recent trials designed to test the benefit of edge-to-edge repair using the MitraClip system for severe functional MR. The Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Functional Mitral Regurgitation (COAPT) and Percutaneous Repair with the MitraClip Device for Severe Functional/Secondary Mitral Regurgitation (MITRA-FR) trials were simultaneous trials evaluating the treatment of effect of MitraClip in the setting of severe functional mitral regurgitation. Results of the trials were quite different with COAPT demonstrating substantial clinical benefit including significantly improved survival compared with MITRA-FR in which no clinical benefit was derived. Key differences in the patient population between the COAPT and MITRA-FR trials help to explain the contrasting results between the 2 trials designed to test the same hypothesis. Patients in COAPT had higher severity of MR with less dilated ventricles compared with MITRA-FR. These results will help shape patient selection for who will most benefit from MitraClip therapy. Further transcather mitral valve therapies continue to evolve and will likely offer alternative therapies for MR as technology improves.
Kidney Failure with Urinary Tract Cancers.

There has been a recent surge in interest in the interplay between cancer and kidney disease. Both conditions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality; cancer increases risk of kidney disease, and patients with kidney disease have increased risk of cancer ([1][1]). Novel therapies,
A Missing Piece of the Puzzle of the Dignitary Torts

This essay responds to Kenneth S. Abraham and G. Edward White’s The Puzzle of the Dignitary Torts, 104 CORNELL L. REV. 317 (2019), which identifies a puzzle: despite the value that our society purports to place on dignity, tort law’s dignity-protecting function has been little explored. As Professors Abraham and White explain, dignitary torts have withered in the face of legal scholars’ disinterest and the Supreme Court’s vigorous wielding of the First Amendment. Abraham and White conclude that the concept of dignity has lost its legal bite. While their account is compelling, it misses a piece of the puzzle. Some dignitary torts did not disappear, but rather came to be adjudicated under public accommodations statutes and ordinances. These laws ensure full and equal access to places open to the public and provide remedies to individuals who face mistreatment based on a protected trait such as race or religion. Although statutory in form, these remedies are closely linked to the dignitary torts in history and doctrine. They continue to give legal force to dignity, even as common law torts have receded. Abraham and White’s account of the demise of the dignitary torts nonetheless offers a cautionary tale for public accommodations law. Although public accommodations laws largely have survived constitutional attack, they increasingly seem vulnerable to free speech and free exercise claims. As with the common law torts Abraham and White discuss, lawmakers and courts often fail to specify the interests at stake when they emphasize the dignity-protective function of these statutes. To engage with new constitutional challenges to these laws, scholars must identify the constitutive elements of dignity as a social and legal concept more thoroughly. Building on Professors Abraham and White’s work to disentangle the distinct meanings of dignity within tort law, this essay takes some tentative steps in that direction within public accommodations law.
Poisson Line Cox Process : Foundations and Applications to Vehicular NetworksSynthesis Lectures On

Abstract This book provides a comprehensive treatment of the Poisson line Cox process (PLCP) and its applications to vehicular networks. The PLCP is constructed by placing points on each line of a ...
Influence of Cover Crop Rotation and Conventional Practices on Grapevine Plant Growth and Weed Growth

Introduction Cover crops are used in rotation with cropping systems to improve soil quality and to suppress pests. Use of cover crops prior to replanting on sites with grape may provide a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides and may maintain or improve soil quality. The objectives of this study were to investigate how cover crops affect weed and nematode populations and soil physical and chemical properties when used on replant sites with Vitis spp. (grape).
Findings on Chest CT Performed in the Emergency Department in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: Single-Institution 8-Year Experience in 136 Patients.

Please see the Editorial Comment by Florian J. Fintelmann discussing this article. To listen to the podcast associated with this article, please select one of the following: iTunes, Google Play, or...
Ground tissue circuitry regulates organ complexity in cereal roots

Abstract Most plant roots have multiple cortex layers that make up the bulk of the organ and play key roles in physiology, such as flood tolerance and symbiosis. However, little is known about the formation of cortical layers outside of the highly reduced anatomy of the model Arabidopsis. Here we use single-cell RNAseq to rapidly generate a cell resolution map of the maize root, revealing an alternative configuration of the tissue formative SHORT-ROOT (SHR) signaling pathway adjacent to an expanded cortex. We show that maize SHR protein is hypermobile, moving at least eight cell layers into the cortex. Higher-order SHR mutants in both maize and Setaria have reduced numbers of cortical layers, showing that the SHR pathway controls expansion of cortical tissue in grasses that sets up anatomical complexity and a host of key traits. One sentence summary Single-cell RNA-seq maps the maize root transcriptome uncovering a mechanism that regulates cortex layer number.
Least-squares support tensor data description

Multi-way arrays or tensors are becoming important tools to deal with multidimensional data. This paper is concerned with a one-class classification of second order tensor data. One-class classific...
Speciation and solubility of reduced C–O–H–N volatiles in mafic melt: Implications for volcanism, atmospheric evolution, and deep volatile cycles in the terrestrial planets

Abstract Using vibrational spectroscopy and SIMS, we determined the solubility and speciation of C–O–H–N dissolved volatiles in mafic glasses quenched from high pressure under reduced conditions, with f O 2 from −3.65 to +1.46 relative to the iron–wustite buffer (IW). Experiments were performed on martian and terrestrial basalts at 1.2 GPa and 1400 °C in graphite containers with variable availability of H 2 O, and in the presence of FePt alloys or Fe–C liquids. The dominant C–O–H–N species varies systematically with f O 2 and H 2 O content: the carbonate ion prevails above IW + 1, but for dry conditions between IW−2 and IW + 1, C O species are most important. Below IW, reduced NH-bearing species are present. At the most reducing and hydrous (∼0.5 wt% H 2 O) conditions, small amounts of CH 4 are present. Concentrations of C diminish as conditions become more reduced, amounting to 10 s to ∼100 ppm in the interval ∼IW−2 to IW + 1 where C O species dominate, and as little as 1–3 ppm at more reduced conditions. Concentrations of non-carbonate carbon, dominated by C O species, correlate with CO fugacities along a trend implying that the species stoichiometry has just one C O group and suggesting that carbonyl complexes (transition metals with multiple carbon monoxide ligands) are not important species under these conditions. C partition coefficients between Fe–C liquid and silicate melt increase with decreasing f O 2 , becoming as great as 10 4 for the most reducing conditions investigated. The low solubility of C in silicate liquids under reducing conditions means that most C during the magma ocean stage of planetary differentiation is either segregated to the core or in the overlying atmosphere. Precipitation of C-rich phases in a carbon-saturated magma ocean is also possible, and is one mechanism by which some C can be retained in the mantle of a planet. The predominant magmatic carbonaceous species for both martian and lunar volcanism is likely C O.
Product Innovation: Pre-commercialization (Phase 6) and the launch

Introduction This chapter discusses and analyzes the pre-commercialization and launch of the new product. The Pre-commercialization Phase ensures that the required resources are available and that the commercialization game plan is ready to roll. The actual elements of the Pre-commercialization Phase vary from situation to situation; however, it generally involves finalizing the specific means to bring the product or service to the market. The major requirements typically include producing sufficient levels of the product so that it is available for distribution to the channels or directly to the customers, completing the marketing program elements, and committing the financial resources to the product delivery system and marketing communications plans. The Pre-commercialization Phase involves the transition from design and development, and validation, to the execution of the launch. Not every new-product development (NPD) program needs an extensive Pre-commercialization Phase. In some cases the new product is ready for commercialization immediately after the Validation Phase. This is particularly true for services or software products that do not require significant production or inventory requirements. Similarly, it may not be required when the NPD program is rolled out in simple stages that minimize large commitments for inventory, marketing communications, or other longer-lead-time activities. Likewise, it is often not necessary if the introduction of the new product is being bootstrapped one stage at a time. However, the Pre-commercialization Phase is critical for large, complex programs with many elements that have to be timed perfectly at launch. Commercialization of a new product varies considerably as well.
Wireless Communications: Overview of Wireless Communications

Wireless communications is, by any measure, the fastest growing segment of the communications industry. As such, it has captured the attention of the media and the imagination of the public. Cellular systems have experienced exponential growth over the last decade and there are currently about two billion users worldwide. Indeed, cellular phones have become a critical business tool and part of everyday life in most developed countries, and they are rapidly supplanting antiquated wireline systems in many developing countries. In addition, wireless local area networks currently supplement or replace wired networks in many homes, businesses, and campuses. Many new applications – including wireless sensor networks, automated highways and factories, smart homes and appliances, and remote telemedicine – are emerging from research ideas to concrete systems. The explosive growth of wireless systems coupled with the proliferation of laptop and palmtop computers suggests a bright future for wireless networks, both as stand-alone systems and as part of the larger networking infrastructure. However, many technical challenges remain in designing robust wireless networks that deliver the performance necessary to support emerging applications. In this introductory chapter we will briefly review the history of wireless networks from the smoke signals of the pre-industrial age to the cellular, satellite, and other wireless networks of today. We then discuss the wireless vision in more detail, including the technical challenges that must still be overcome.
Wolf: bug hunter for concurrent software using formal methods

Wolf is a “push-button” model checker for concurrent C programs developed in IBM Haifa. It automatically generates both the model and the specification directly from the C code. Currently, Wolf uses BDD-based symbolic methods integrated with a guided search framework. According to our experiments, these methods complement explicit exploration methods of software model checking.
The EU Sugar Protocol

For the last half century, the European sugar regime has remained largely unscathed by domestic Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reforms and this was no less the case when EU trade ministers met on 26 June 2003. However, in light of recent developments, the sugar regime currently in place, which will expire in 2006, faces pressures to reform from various fronts, including a WTO dispute (which the EU lost,. although the panel report has been appealed), WTO negotiations on agriculture in the context of the Doha Development Round as well as the recent enlargement of the EU in Eastern Europe. This will almost certainly mean that sugar, and the Sugar Protocol, will be subject to far-reaching reforms.
The isolation and properties of phenylalanyl ribonucleic acid synthetase from Escherichia coli B.

Abstract Phenylalanyl ribonucleic acid synthetase has been isolated from Escherichia coli and is 93% pure as determined by analytical centrifugation and gel electrophoresis. The procedure is adaptable to large scale preparation. No other aminoacyl-RNA synthetases are present in the purified preparation. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 181,000, with an s20,w of 8.6. Optimal reaction conditions have been determined with highly purified phenylalanine transfer RNA that exhibits a Km of 2.6 x 10-7 m. The enzyme is stable when stored at 4°.
Dissociation and reassociation of trichocyst proteins: biochemical and ultrastructural studies

Trichocysts, the crystalline exocytotic organelles in Paramecium tetraurelia, are composed of small, acidic proteins existing primarily as disulphide-linked dimers. We have disaggregated trichocyst proteins with heat, simultaneously observing the changes in morphology and protein composition. The tip matrix was most heat-labile; its subunits progressively broke away from the distal end. During this process, breakdown of the cylindrical shaft began. Shafts first became flattened and torn lengthwise, yielding smaller, interconnected pieces still having the crystalline arrangement of their 5 nm thick fibres. Ultimately this pattern became disordered, and discrete fibrils of the same thickness disengaged from the meshwork. In freeze-etched preparations these fibrils were composed of thinner filaments in side-by-side association. Disaggregation of the tip sheath began from the distal end before shaft dissociation was complete. Trichocysts broke down to thin fibrils, but probably not to monomeric subunits. At least three proteins were preferentially released in the initial phase of dissociation. Disulphide-reducing agent present during heating increased the rate of dissociation without altering the sequence of morphological changes or the order of release of individual proteins. The rate and extent of heat-induced dissociation were strongly dependent on pH and cation concentration. The stabilizing effects of low pH and of cations were additive. A cooled suspension of fully dissociated trichocysts reassociated into sedimentable aggregates with discernible filamentous order, but without the crystalline structure of intact trichocysts. Reassociation was dependent upon time, temperature and protein concentration. All but one of the trichocyst proteins re-entered the sedimentable aggregate during reassociation. Reassociation was faster and more complete at pH 6 than at pH 8 and was stimulated by Ca2+, Mg2+ and La3+. Trichocyst proteins dissociated in the presence of dithiothreitol did not reassociate, even after removal of the reducing agent. Trichocysts from mutants defective to varying degrees in trichocyst formation were subjected to similar experimental protocols. Heat-dissociated trichocysts of the mutants scc6 and ptA1 reassociated at rates similar to those of wild-type; ftA3 showed slower reassociation, and tam38 showed little or no reassociation. Reassociation of wild-type trichocyst proteins was blocked by the addition of an equal amount of tam38 trichocyst proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Effect of Femoral Tunnel Position on Graft Forces During Inlay Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: The femoral tunnel may be positioned centrally or eccentrically within the posterior cruciate ligament footprint during a single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.Hypothesis: After reconstruction, graft forces are significantly different from those of the native posterior cruciate ligament and are affected by the position of the femoral tunnel.Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.Methods: The resultant force in the native posterior cruciate ligament was measured in nine cadaveric knees as the knee was flexed from —5° to 120° of flexion. Posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed with the femoral side of the graft positioned centrally and then offset 5 mm eccentric to the central position.Results: Mean graft forces were not significantly different between eccentric and central tunnel positions during passive knee extension between 120° and 0° of flexion; at 5° of hyperextension, the eccentric position generated significantly lower graft forces. For both recons...
Using the mu -interaction measuring in the design and stability analysis of decentralized control structures

The results of using the mu -interaction measure as an analysis tool in systematically designing decentralized controllers for multivariable systems are given. The mu -interaction measure serves as the upper bound for the maximum allowable gains of a diagonal controller such that stability of the closed-loop diagonal system also implies stability of the closed loop full system. Several examples found in the literature are used to demonstrate this analysis technique. The diagonal controllers are designed using the internal model control method. An investigation has also been carried out to study the incorporation of model uncertainty into the mu -interaction measure analysis. Results indicate that, although the mu -interaction measure may render a somewhat conservative design, it does provide an effective means of assessing the stability of the full system when the controller design is based on the diagonalized plant system. >
Acute Leukocyte and Temperature Response in Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose We undertook this study to investigate the relationship between outcome, hematoma volume, and admission peripheral white blood cell count and body temperature in acute hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Eighty-two consecutive patients who presented with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage within 72 hours of onset were retrospectively assessed. The peripheral white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and the body temperature on admission were measured. The outcome at 30 days after ictus was determined with a modified Glasgow Outcome Scale. Correlation analysis was performed between these measurements and hematoma volume, which was calculated by brain computed tomography. We also looked at the presence or absence of intraventricular extension. Results The mean hematoma volume was significantly greater in those patients who died compared with those with a good, moderate, and severe outcome (79.6 cm3 versus 10.7, 18.3, and 19.9 cm3, respectively; P<.0005). The ...
UTILITY OF THE HOSPITAL TUBERCULOSIS REGISTRY

Emerging guidelines suggest that the management of tuberculosis and suspected tuberculosis in the hospital will become an increasingly costly enterprise. The local hospital registry can be a focal point for determining the extent to which such measures are necessary at individual institutions, that existing infection control recommendations are being carried out, and that patients released from the hospital are not lost to follow-up. Consideration might be given to inclusion of all patients begun on antituberculous therapy, regardless of the results of acid-fast bacilli cultures, in view of renewed concern about patient compliance.
“Yo soy nativo de aquí”: The Ambiguities of Race and Indigeneity in Oaxacan Craft Tourism

Este articulo examina los debates sobre raza e indigeneidad en el contexto del turismo artesanal de Oaxaca al sur de Mexico. La region es muy apreciada por los turistas debido a la riqueza de sus ruinas arqueologicas y la produccion local de artesanias, ambas profusamente comercializadas por el estado y la industria privada como expresiones materiales de la cultura indigena. Este estudio muestra que las comunidades de artesanos de Oaxaca no viven ni se expresan una identidad indigena de forma homogenea a pesar de que los discursos estatales y de turismo intentan racializarlos bajo el denominador generico de "lo indio." Los artesanos reproducen y rechazan estas categorias, poniendo en evidencia las ambiguedades y los problemas asociados a las clasificaciones etnoraciales en Mexico. Al mismo tiempo, el que la produccion artesanal y el ser indigena se utilicen como terminos intercambiables en el mercado del turismo puede transformarse en un recurso para los artesanos tanto para la generacion de nuevos polos de autoidentificacion como de espacios de articulacion con otros.
Wideband reflectarray antenna based on miniaturized element frequency selective surfaces

A novel design of a printed single layer reflectarray antenna based on grounded metallic loop-wire Miniaturized-Element Frequency Selective Surface (MEFSS) is presented. The proposed sub-wavelength MEFSS unit cell with localized frequency response and minimal dependency to the angle of incidence allows for broadband performance of the reflectarray antenna without any optimization algorithm. The proposed reflectarray antenna with total dimension of 260mm×260mm and F/D=1.02 is fabricated to validate the design method. A maximum gain of 26.3 dBi with 3dB-gain bandwidth of 17% and 3-dB beamwidth of 6° is achieved at x-band.
Human genome project and mutation research: A mating that needs to happen

The Human Genome Project has been in existence for several years. It has created a wealth of resources in the form of genetic and physical maps, innovative technologies, instrumentation, and information. It is driving the future of gene discovery, as well as disease diagnosis, amelioration, and treatment. Despite the successes in the project, the mutation research community has, in general, been slow to capitalize on the infrastructure and resources that have been created. This should not continue as there are now available some key technologies and resources that are ripe for exploitation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
Improving the flexibility of microbial desalination cells through spatially decoupling anode and cathode

To improve the flexibility of microbial desalination cell (MDC) construction and operation, a new configuration with decoupled anode and cathode was developed and examined in this study. A higher salt concentration resulted in higher current generation, as well as a higher salt removal rate. The effect of the distance between the anode and the cathode on the MDC performance was not obvious, likely due to a sufficient conductivity in the salt solution. Because the cathode was identified as a limiting factor, adding one more cathode unit increased the current generation from 72.3 to 116.0 A/m 3
Literature and Relevance: Diary of a Spanish Novel Course

The concepts found in the two quotes just cited are interrelated. Socrates promulgated the idea that the student must affectively experience what is being taught. Miceli, a contemporary educator, subtly but forcefully pleads for relevancy in the classroom. I offer these two ideas as my rationale for this diary. Before I invite you into my classroom, through the medium of diary entries that I faithfully recorded after every class session, I would like to sketch the nature of the Spanish Novel Course 312 and the students that served as my guinea pigs. All members of our Faculty of Spanish are agreed that the Spanish Novel Course 312, as well as the other literature courses in the 300-sequence, Short Story, Drama, and Poetry, are to be considered language as well as literature courses. We agree that these courses are to serve as a bridge between the basic language courses and the more advanced literature courses in the 400-series, such as the Quijote, Golden Age Drama, Latin American Novel, Hispanic American Theater, Literature of Ideas in Spain, etc. The purpose of these 300-courses is to permit the student to advance linguistically and, at the same time, to become acquainted with literature. If use of the language is one of the prime objectives of these 300-series literature courses, then the class I had was ideal, numbering only twelve students. Students were expected to converse entirely in Spanish. In fact, as the term progressed, I found myself saying relatively little which meant that the students did most of the talking. Twice, as stimulus to discussion, I invited resource people to speak to the students. On these two occasions, class was conducted in English, but subsequent discussion and reactions were in Spanish. Although the two films, one on the nature of the novel and the other on human encounter, were in English, the follow-up discussion was always in the target language. Ten times during the course of the term, I asked the students to write in Spanish on various themes which usually related the discussion in class to the novels. The size of the class was also ideal from the point of view of my new approach permitting each student to become acquainted with the other students. Thus, in time, we were able to develop a sense of community which further enhanced spontaneity in discussion and free and open expression of ideas and even emotions. If the diary sounds a bit colloquial, it is because I have attempted to preserve its original flavor. The students who participated in the class
Learning Rate Effect in Neural Network for Damage Detection

Neural network is a powerful tool that can be utilized for structural damage detection and health monitoring. Since damage usually varies/reduces stiffness, frequency response variation can be used as indicator for damage occurrence. A well designed neural network can correlate frequency response variation to damage localization/severity without resorting to detailed structural modeling. While various neural network based approaches have been developed, their effectiveness, efficiency, and robustness oftentimes rely on the selection of several important parameters in the network construction. One of the key performance metrics for a neural network is the learning rate. Although the dynamic steepest descent algorithm (DSD) and fuzzy steepest descent algorithm (FSD) have shown promising possibility of improving the learning convergence speed significantly without increasing the computational effort, its performance still depends on the selection of control parameters and control strategy. In this paper, a tunable steepest descent algorithm (TSD) improving the performance of the dynamic steepest descent algorithm is proposed. A numerical benchmark example shows that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the convergence rates of the backpropagation algorithm. A structural health monitoring system incorporated with the neural network trained by the adaptive learning algorithm is developed for detecting the impact damage.Copyright © 2004 by ASME