cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaling Properties of the Parkfield Aftershock Sequence

Aftershock sequences present a unique opportunity to study the physics of earthquakes. Important questions concern the fundamental origin of three widely applicable scaling laws: (1) Gutenberg–Richter frequency–magnitude scaling, (2) Omori’s law for aftershock decay rates, and (3) Bath’s law for the difference between the magnitude of the largest aftershock and a mainshock. The high-resolution Parkfield seismic network provided the opportunity for detailed studies of the aftershock sequence following the 28 September 2004, M 6.0 Parkfield earthquake. In this article it is shown that aftershocks satisfy the Gutenberg–Richter scaling relation only for relatively large times after the mainshock. There is a systematic time delay for the establishment of this scaling law. The temporal evolution of the rates of occurrence of aftershocks is quantified using the generalized Omori’s law. This scaling law contains two characteristic times c and τ . The analysis suggests that the parameter c plays the role of a characteristic time for the establishment of Gutenberg– Richter scaling. This time increases systematically with a decreasing lower magnitude cutoff. The systematic time delay is attributed to a cascade of energy from long wavelengths to short wavelengths. The parameter τ is a measure of the average time until the first aftershock occurs. We find that τ slightly varies with the lower magnitude cutoff of the sequence. We also note that the largest aftershock inferred from an extrapolation of Gutenberg–Richter scaling, M 5.0, is equal to the largest observed aftershock. This scaling associated with the universal applicability of Bath’s law is attributed to a constant partitioning of energy between a mainshock and its associated aftershock sequence. We also give in this article the distribution of interoccurrence times between successive aftershocks. We show that this distribution is well approximated by a nonhomogeneous Poissons process driven by the modified Omori’s law. The self-consistency between interoccurrence statistics and decay rates is taken as further evidence for the applicability of our studies.
The relationship of milk urea nitrogen to blood urea nitrogen in quarter horse mares

s / Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 33 (2013) 321-399 338 (P 1⁄4 0.004) and TrxR1 (P 1⁄4 0.04) expression were affected by time, with a reduction in mRNA abundance of both selenoproteins at 24 h post-exercise (P< 0.05) compared to pre-exercise. A trend for a time*treatment affect was also observed for PBMC GPx1 (P 1⁄4 0.08) and TrxR1 (P 1⁄4 0.06). Expression of GPx1 was reduced at 24 h post-exercise (P 1⁄4 0.001) and TrxR1 increased at 6 h post-exercise (P 1⁄4 0.04) compared to pre-exercise values in HIGH-Se horses, but expression of both selenoproteins remained unchanged following exercise in NRC-Se. As a result, mRNA abundance of GPx1 (P 1⁄4 0.038) and TrxR1 (P 1⁄4 0.012) was greater in HIGH-Se than NRC-Se horses at 6 h post-exercise. Feeding Se at 3X the current NRC recommendation increased selenoprotein gene expression following prolonged exercise, which could indicate greater antioxidant support during exercise recovery. However, no change in cytokine mRNA expression indicates that a higher level of dietary Se may not attenuate exerciseinduced immunosuppression.
Laryngotracheal lesions following routine orotracheal intubation in the horse

Summary Sequelae of routine orotracheal intubation under clinical conditions were characterised in 38 healthy horses presented at three veterinary medical teaching hospitals. Four of these were necropsied and their tissues studied histologically. To minimise variation, 30 mm id cuffed silicone endotracheal tubes or Cole cuffless tubes were used in all patients. Fibreoptic endoscopic examination of upper respiratory and tracheal areas was accomplished pre-intubation, immediately post extubation and after 24 h. Endoscopy revealed that intubation was associated with laryngeal and/or tracheal lesions in all horses. Observations included abundant tracheal mucus, epithelial ecchymoses, basement membrane haemorrhage and mucus covered diphtheritic membrane plaques. Histological examination of lesions from the upper respiratory system of the four necropsied horses confirmed that the damage was comparable to that associated with tracheal intubation and reported in other species.
Evaluation of a Delivery System Providing Long-term Release of Cyclosporine

Objectives: To examine the clearance of cyclosporine after intravitreal injection and to assess the kinetics and toxic effects of an intravitreal device that provides sustained delivery of cyclosporine. Methods: Rabbits were divided into two groups to evaluate (1) the elimination kinetics after 1-μg and 10-μg intravitreal injections of cyclosporine and (2) the levels produced after implantation of a device that contained cyclosporine over 6 months. The toxic effects of the intravitreal device over 6 months were assessed in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys. Results: After the 10-μg injection, the half-life was longer (10.8 hours vs 4.2 hours) and the distribution volume was smaller (1.7 mL vs 3.2 mL) than after the 1-μg injection. This difference can be attributed to saturable partitioning of the drug. The device resulted in a vitreous concentration of approximately 500 ng/mL throughout the study period. In the rabbit it resulted in reversible lens opacification and decreased b-wave amplitude. This toxic effect was not detected in the monkey. Conclusions: The device produces sustained intravitreal levels of cyclosporine. Although it was associated with reversible toxic effects in the rabbit, it was well tolerated in primates. Sustained-release implants are a promising new treatment for chronic uveitis.
Androthrips ramachandrai (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): An Introduced Thrips in the United States

Androthrips ramachandrai Karny is an exotic thrips, assumed to be predacious, and is associated with gall-inducing thrips. It was first reported in the U.S. from FL, and intercepted in CA from Thailand in 2002. We surveyed Ficus spp. with Gynaikothrips-induced galls in AL, CA, FL, HI, LA, MS, and TX, and document that A. ramachandrai is now established in CA, FL, HI, and TX. It probably has been spread by the ornamental horticulture industry. We outline its biology and compare it to a congener A. flavipes, a documented thrips predator. Androthrips ramachandrai has the potential to be a beneficial biological control agent and a hindrance to weed biological control.
Darwin and the Agronomists: An Influence of Political Economy on Scientific Thought

The Origin of Species was the culmination of Darwin’s theorizing of the previous twenty years. Its unique role in delineating the subsequent debates over all aspects of evolution accounts for an enduring interest in the construction of the Origin and in the intellectual and social factors that helped shape its final form.1 Of especial theoretical importance are the dynamical explanations that Darwin advanced in the Origin. These can be traced back at least to January 1839, when, in his fourth notebook on the transmutation of species, the E notebook, Darwin expressed a view of dynamics based on his notion that nature’s dynamical equilibrium maximizes the amount of life per unit area and that diversity is a way of accomplishing such maximization. One of the sources of this approach was the literature on scientific agriculture, which for the social scientists of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries formed an important part of or adjunct to the subject of political economy.
An algebraic hash function based on SL2

Cryptographic hash functions are fundamental building blocks of many computer security systems and protocols, primarily being used to ensure data integrity. Recent attacks against modern hash functions have questioned the suitability of standard hash function construction principles. In this paper we consider a hash function construction based multiplication in the group of 2× 2 matrices over a finite field proposed by Zemor and Tillich [48, 42, 43]. We also look at how the algebraic properties of hash functions following this design can be exploited in attacks. Finally, we consider variations to the approach of Zemor and Tillich that offer some resistance to those attacks.
The Impact of Local Labor Market Conditions on Work and Welfare Decisions: Revisiting an Old Question Using New Data

Using Maryland administrative data between 1996 and 2005, this paper examines the impact of local labor market conditions on work and welfare use among single mothers. Our estimates rely on the new Census Bureau Quarterly Workforce Indicators database, which provides county-level economic indicators filtered by industry, gender, and age-group. We specify a multinomial choice model to estimate the effects of these local labor market variables on the full set of work–welfare combinations. The results indicate that lower unemployment rates and increased new hires and new hires’ earnings in key industries increase the likelihood that women choose alternatives that include work. African American women and those with fewer years of education respond differently to changing economic conditions. Our results are robust to controls for fixed effects, county-specific time trends, and endogenous migration.
Supporting contract match-making

This paper describes a preliminary investigation of contracts with a view towards automating the process of contract match-making. A novel approach based on exploiting standard form contracts is described. The approach is shown to be implementable with current technology and a discussion of the CORBA/ODP trading service extensions necessary for implementing the proposed contract match-making is provided. A second approach based on standard contract clauses which overcomes some of the limitations of standard form contracts, is briefly outlined. The flexibility offered by this approach however, is accompanied by a considerable increase in the complexity of contract match-making. Both standard form contracts and standard contract clauses based match-making point towards an exciting area of future research.
Rate-control vs. rhythm-control in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis

Aims To systematically assess the risk/benefit ratio of a rate-control strategy vs. a rhythm-control strategy in patients with first or recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results We searched Medline, CENTRAL, and other sources up to September 2004 for randomized trials. Individual and pooled random-effect odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) [OR (95% CI)] were calculated for the combined endpoint of all cause death and thromboembolic stroke (CEP), major bleeds (intra and extracranial), and systemic embolism. Number needed to treat (NNT) to avoid one CEP and heterogeneity were also assessed. Five studies enrolling 5239 patients with AF compared rate-control vs. rhythm-control. Average follow-up ranged from 1 to 3.5 years. A rate-control strategy compared with a rhythm-control approach was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CEP [OR 0.84 (0.73, 0.98), P =0.02], and with a trend towards a reduced risk of death [OR 0.87 (0.74, 1.02), P =0.09] and thromboembolic stroke [OR 0.80 (0.6, 1.07), P =0.14]. NNT to save one CEP was 50. There was no significant difference in the risk of major bleeds [OR 1.14 (0.9, 1.45), P =0.28] and systemic embolism [OR 0.93 (0.43, 2.02), P =0.90]. No significant heterogeneity was found in any of the analyses ( P >0.1). Conclusion This meta-analysis of 5239 patients with AF indicates that an initial rate-control strategy compared with a rhythm-control one is associated with a better prognosis, thus representing the standard treatment against which to test new therapeutic approaches.
Design of a VLSI FPGA integrated circuit

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are extensively used in rapid prototyping and verification of a conceptual design and also used in electronic systems when the mask-production of a custom IC becomes prohibitively expensive due to the small quantity. In addition to their usefulness as mentioned above, their internal structure also makes them as a suitable vehicle to learn all aspects of VLSI design because they consist of combinational logic in the form of LUT (look up table), flip-flops as sequential building blocks, and memory for programmability. VLSI design requires a careful forethought about the entire design process with special attention to floorplanning, layout, routing, transistor sizing, clock and power distribution, and timing analysis. This paper describes all these aspects of VLSI design as applied to the design of a simple FPGA that was designed as an individual project in a VLSI class. The size of the FPGA was restricted to the one that could fit into the MOSIS 40-pin TinyChip padframe. The FPGA consisted of 3-input LUTs as configurable logic blocks, and a chain of shift registers to hold the configuration bits. In addition, output flip-flops were also provided so that a state machine could be implemented in the FPGA. Circuit details of the components are provided in this paper. The layout of the FPGA was done using Magic, and its performance was verified using the IRSIM digital simulator. Finally, the FPGA was programmed to build a traffic light controller. The design process served as a very useful tool to learn about VLSI design since it encompassed all possible aspects of a complex VLSI design.
Tobramycin iontophoresis into corneas infected with drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Iontophoretic application of tobramycin was used to deliver drug to the cornea of rabbit eyes infected with a tobramycin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 31.25 μg/ml). Corneas infected with P. aeruginosa 27853/pMG6 were treated 22 hours after infection with tobramycin delivered by either iontophoresis, moc iontophoresis (eye cup without current), or appli cation of fortified topical drops. Corneal ionto phoresis of tobramycin at 25 mg/ml caused more than a three log reduction in bacteria; yielding significantly lower number of bacteria compared t untreated controls and all other treatments (P ≤ 0.0001). Corneal iontophoresis of tobramycin at 10 mg/ml showed a one log reduction in the number of bacteria per cornea, yielding a significantly lower number of bacteria compared to untreated controls (P ≤ 0.0001), corneas treated with nine topical applications of 1.36% tobramycin drops (P ≤ 0.0001), and corneas treated with mock iontophoresis (P ≤ 0.02). These results suggest that iontophoresis ...
Glucose tolerance in two unacculturated Indian tribes of Brazil.

Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, growth hormone, and pancreatic polypeptide in response to a standard oral glucose load were studied in the Yanomama and the Marubo, two relatively unacculturated Amerindian tribes of the Brazilian Amazon. The findings in the two tribes differed significantly from each other and in the degree of deviation from control subjects. The average responses in both tribes differed significantly from those of age- and sex-matched Caucasoid control subjects studied in Ann Arbor, Michigan; however, of the two tribes, the Marubo, the more acculturated group, resembled the controls more closely. Plasma concentrations of glucose and the hormones at three time points (fasting, 1 h, 2 h) were compared by means of a multivariate analysis. When the Marubo were compared with the control subjects, the only highly significant difference was in the plasma glucose concentrations (all three points were higher in the Marubo); however, the Yanomama differed significantly from the control subjects with respect to all four plasma indicators (p < 0.05). Unlike the Marubo, the Yanomama showed no significant rise in plasma glucose at 1 h and no decrease at 2 h. Neither tribe exhibited the bimodality of the 2 h glucose value characteristic of acculturated Amerindians, such as the Pima, but the samples studied were small.
Management of posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus in children: a review

Object Most pediatric patients that present with a posterior fossa tumor have concurrent hydrocephalus. There is significant debate over the best management strategy of hydrocephalus in this situation. The objectives of this paper were to review the pathophysiology model of posterior fossa tumor hydrocephalus, describe the individual risks factors of persistent hydrocephalus, and discuss the current management options. Specifically, the debate over preresection cerebrospinal fluid diversion is discussed.
THE MAGNETIC FIELD DEPENDENCE OF THE TRIPLET-TRIPLET FUSION RATE CONSTANT FOR ANTHRACENE IN SOLUTION

Abstract We have investigated the magnetic field dependence of delayed fluorescence (arising from pairwise annihilation or fusion of two triplet excitations on neighboring molecules) in solutions of anthracene in ethanol at room temperature and have demonstrated with pulsed fields that the field modifies only the value of the triplet fusion rate constant. We give a preliminary report of a theory which accounts for the observed monotonic decrease of the triplet fusion rate constant with increasing field and implies that the fusion rate is diffusion limited.
Research in reverse: Ad testing using an inductive consumer neuroscience approach

Abstract Consumer neuroscience (CNS) methodologies were adapted from scientific disciplines where research is done in reverse from the scientific method that has come to inform the vast majority of marketing research. Conventional applications of CNS often begin with known outcomes and implications (i.e., symptomologies), subject them to neuro-physiological tests, and use the data from these tests to generate descriptive (e.g., diagnosis) and prescriptive (e.g., prognosis) hypotheses. This article offers the heretical proposition that such an approach should not be limited to the “hard sciences,” but could be profoundly beneficial in fields that have come to exclusively rely upon the scientific method. Findings of a dEEG study conducted on the basis of known results in order to generate novel theory and hypotheses are presented. Implications of this paradigm shift for advancing marketing research while helping to bridge an ever-widening scholar–practitioner divide are discussed.
Phase I study of the anti-IGF1R antibody cixutumumab with everolimus and octreotide in advanced well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors

Preclinical data suggest multiple roles for the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), including mediating resistance to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Everolimus, an oral mTOR inhibitor, and octreotide long-acting repeatable (LAR) are approved for subgroups of well-differentiated NET. The primary objective of the present study was to establish the safety and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of cixutumumab, a monoclonal antibody (MAB) against IGF1R, with everolimus and octreotide LAR. Patients with well-differentiated NET were treated with 10 mg everolimus p.o. daily, 20 mg octreotide LAR i.m. every 21 days, and escalating doses of cixutumumab. An expansion cohort was enrolled at RP2D. Correlative studies included the evaluation of mTOR pathway inhibition in paired tumor biopsies and the effects of this combination on metabolism via indirect calorimetry. Nineteen patients with progressive disease were enrolled, including nine to the expansion portion. Two patients had dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 mucositis at 15 mg/kg cixutumumab. Long-term tolerance at RP2D was problematic, and the most common ≥grade 3 adverse event was fatigue. One patient with metastatic insulinoma had a confirmed partial response, whereas 17 had stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 43.6 weeks, and the median overall survival was 25.5 months. The RP2D of this combination per the predefined study protocol of 10 mg/kg cixutumumab i.v., 20 mg octreotide LAR i.m. every 21 days plus 10 mg everolimus p.o. daily is associated with non-dose-limiting toxicities that limit long-term tolerance. Although a signal of activity was noted in the present study, this will need to be reconciled with limited tolerance of the combination and data from larger studies of anti-IGF1R MABs in NET that have been disappointing.
THE METABOLISM OF SOME PURINE COMPOUNDS IN THE RABBIT, DOG, PIG, AND MAN

Introductory The Metabolism of Purines in the Rabbit and the Dog.. . Uric Acid Discussion Guanine Discussion Adenine Discussion Hypoxanthine. The Metabolism of Purines in the Pig Discussion The Metabolism of Purines in Man Discussion . . .
Accurate Microwave Measurement of Coating Thickness on Carbon Composite Substrates

This paper describes the utility of a microwave-based nondestructive evaluation (NDE) method for accurate thickness measurement of thin dielectric coatings (e.g., paint and primer) on a carbon composite (CC) substrate and the results are compared with those using a conducting (aluminum) substrate. The small thickness and the diverse dielectric properties associated with these coatings, along with the anisotropy associated with CC substrates, significantly limit the use of traditional NDE methods. This method not only overcomes these limitations but also provides for simultaneously evaluating the thicknesses of multiple coating layers (and also their dielectric constants). The electromagnetic simulation results for simultaneously estimating the thicknesses of a top and a bottom coating (i.e., primer and paint) as well as experimentally evaluating thicknesses of several coatings on such substrates are presented. In addition, thickness evaluation sensitivity to several critical parameters such as CC fiber orientation and variation in the measured coating dielectric constant used in the thickness recalculation is also investigated and presented.
The Total Pentad: a Case Report of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Presenting as an Acute Cerebrovascular Accident

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) is a rare blood-coagulation disorder that causes extensive thrombus formation within the blood vessels. Diagnosis of the disorder is made on the basis of identification of some or all of five clinical features, described as the typical “pentad”: thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fluctuating neurological symptoms, renal failure, and fever. We report the case of a middle aged female who presented to an urban teaching hospital emergency department. Her initial symptoms of TTP were subtle, making it difficult to achieve a definitive early diagnosis. Awareness of the disorder allowed us to follow through on monitoring for the pentad during the initial period of hospitalization and facilitated the diagnosis, which led to prompt and appropriate treatment. The patient made a complete and sustained recovery. Since prompt institution of plasmapheresis is essential to recovery, we share this case in order to increase the possibility that TTP will be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with all or part of the total pentad.
Orbitaplastiken bei Prothesenträgern

The typical signs of the postenucleation socket syndrome consist of enopthalmos, shallow lower fornix, lower lid laxity and entropion, and ptosis. It causes discomfort and can render the bearing of a prosthesis uncomfortable or impossible. The signs must be corrected in single or combined procedures. The lower fornix and the lids can be corrected with good success, enophthalmos is difficult to correct, however.
MenaINVIsoform Expression in Human Invasive Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast Correlates with Tumor Microenvironment of Metastatsis (TMEM) Score; a Pilot Study Indicating the Potential Use of MenaINV/11a Ratio as a Predictor of Distant Metastases.

Background: Primary mammary carcinomas in rodents contain a subpopulation of invasive tumor cells that move towards perivascular macrophages and intravasate. An isoform of actin regulatory protein Mena, Mena INV is up-regulated in these invasive cells, while isoform Mena 11a is down regulated (Goswami et al 2009). The direct apposition of Mena positive tumor cells to endothelial cells and perivascular macrophages has been described as Tumor Microenvironment of Metastasis (TMEM) and its density is shown to be a predictor of metastatic outcome in human invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast (Robinson et al 2009). We questioned if Mena INV and Mena 11a isoform expression correlates with the invasiveness of breast lesions in Polyoma Middle T antigen (PyMT) mouse mammary tumors and human invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), as well as if increased Mena INV expression is associated with high TMEM counts in human IDCs. Materials and Methods: We analyzed Mena INV and Mena 11a expression in fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) samples from 18 mice with PyMT mammary tumors, 3 human IDCs and 1 fibroadenoma (FA) by qRT-PCR. The expression of Mena isoforms from in situ PyMT lesions was compared with metastatic PyMT tumors and expressed as fold change. Mena isoform levels from IDC were compared to that in FA and expressed as fold change. Representative sections from IDCs were triple immunostained with anti-Mena, anti-CD 68 and anti-CD34 and independently analyzed for TMEM counts on ten x400 fields by two pathologists . Results: We observed a 7.5 fold increase in Mena INV expression and a 3 fold decrease of Mena 11a in metastatic PyMT tumors when compared to in situ lesions. The results from human samples are shown in Figure 1. The top panel shows Mena INV and Mena 11a fold change in IDCs compared to FA. The bottom panel shows TMEM counts for each IDC and MenaI NV /11a ratios. Both, Mena INV expression and TMEM count varied significantly, whereas Mena 11a was exceedingly low in IDCs. In all 3 IDCs the levels of Mena INV correlated with TMEM counts. Discussion: This pilot study indicates for the first time that the expression of Mena INV and Mena 11a can be successfully analyzed in FNA biopsy samples from human breast lesions. In combination with the TMEM count, Mena isoforms can potentially become useful markers for predicting the metastatic potential of an individual breast lesion. A larger study is underway to develop a scoring system combining Mena isoform expression with the TMEM count. Figure 1: Top panel: qRT-PCR assessment of Mena splice variant expression in FNA samples from human breast lesions. Levels of Mena INV and Mena 11a in 3 IDCs were compared to those in FA. The result is expressed as fold change. Bottom panel: TMEMs on tissue sections from IDC with TMEM counts and Mena INV /11a ratios. Circles represent TMEMs. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2140.
Experimental and Computational Investiagtion of Combustor Acoustics and Instabilities, Part II: Transverse Modes

A combined experimental-computational study of transverse acoustic modes and combustion instabilities in a rectangular liquid rocket chamber is presented. Experimental results show that transverse modes can be spontaneously excited in the rectangular chamber. The amplitudes of the acoustic response are governed by the number and location of the injector elements. In general, stronger response of the 1W mode is observed when the injector element is positioned near a pressure anti-nodal location. Companion CFD solutions of the Euler and Navier-Stokes solutions are also performed and compared with the experimental measurements. Good qualitative agreement of the acoustic chamber response is obtained. Further, the computational studies are utilized to perform parametric studies of the eects of non-linear forcing and viscous eects due to the presence of side-wall boundary layers.
Solid Tumors in the Neonatal Period

Solid tumors discovered at birth or during the first month after delivery are rare. Neonatal tumors are often benign. Malignant tumors in neonates represent only 2% of all malignancies in childhood. Some tumors that appear histologically malignant may show benign behavior, whereas apparently benign tumors may be fatal by virtue of their site of origin, which makes neonatal tumors one of the most difficult diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the neonatal units. Planning the diagnostic evaluation and therapeutic interventions necessitates a multidisciplinary approach that involves the neonatology, radiology, surgery, pathology, hematology, and oncology services. Here we provide a general overview of the most common tumors seen in the newborn period.
Innovative gastric endoscopic muscle biopsy to identify all cell types, including myenteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with idiopathic gastroparesis: a feasibility study (with video)

Background and Aims The pathophysiology of some GI neuromuscular diseases remains largely unknown. This is in part due to the inability to obtain ample deep gastric wall biopsies that include the intermuscular layer of the muscularis propria (MP) to evaluate the enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), and related cells. We report on a novel technique for gastric endoscopic muscle biopsy (gEMB). Methods Patients with idiopathic gastroparesis were prospectively enrolled in a feasibility study by using a novel "no hole" gEMB. Main outcome measures were technical success, adverse events, and histologic confirmation of the intermuscular layer, including myenteric neurons and ICC. The gEMB was a double resection clip-assist technique. A site was identified on the anterior wall of the gastric body as recommended by the International Working Group on histologic techniques. EMR was performed to unroof and expose the underlying MP. The exposed MP was then retracted into the cap of an over-the-scope clip. The clip was deployed, and the pseudopolyp of MP created was resected. This resulted in a no-hole gEMB. Results Three patients with idiopathic gastroparesis underwent gEMB. Patients had severe delayed gastric emptying with a mean (± standard deviation [SD]) of 49 ± 16.8% of retained gastric contents at 4 hours. They had no history of gastric or small-bowel surgery and did not use steroids or other immunosuppressive drugs. The gEMB procedure was successfully performed, with no procedural adverse events. Postprocedural abdominal pain was controlled with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and opioid analgesics. Mean length of resected MP was 10.3 ± 1.5 mm. Mean procedure time was 25.7 ± 6 minutes. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tissue samples confirmed the presence of both inner circular and outer longitudinal muscle, as well as the intermuscular layer. H&E staining showed reduced myenteric ganglia in 1 patient. In 2 patients, specialized immunohistochemistry was performed, which showed a marked decrease in myenteric neurons as delineated by an antibody to protein gene product 9.5 and a severe decrease in ICC levels across the muscle layers. At 1 month follow-up, upper endoscopy showed a well-healed scar in 2 patients and minimal ulceration with a retained clip in 1 patient. CT of the abdomen confirmed the integrity of the gastric wall in all patients. Because of lack of an immune infiltrate in the resected samples, patients were not considered suitable for immunosuppressive or steroid therapy. Conclusions gEMB is feasible and easy to perform, with acquisition of tissue close to surgical samples to identify myenteric ganglia, ICCs, and multiple cell types. The ability to perform gEMB represents a paradigm shift in endoscopic tissue diagnosis of gastric neuromuscular pathologies.
Spontaneous self-hypnosis in multiple personality disorder.

The author posits that the central mechanisms in cases of multiple personality appears to be spontaneous self-hypnosis. As the syndrome is a product of hypnosis and as excellent hypnotic subjects are potentially able to induce a variety of psychiatric symptoms, these patients report many symptoms referable to other major syndromes. This accounts for the many diagnoses attributable to them. The study of multiple personalities offers insights into the capabilities of hypnosis, the genesis of an unconscious, and the mechanism of repression.
Electrochemical liquid-liquid-solid (ec-LLS) crystal growth: a low-temperature strategy for covalent semiconductor crystal growth.

ConspectusThis Account describes a new electrochemical synthetic strategy for direct growth of crystalline covalent group IV and III–V semiconductor materials at or near ambient temperature conditions. This strategy, which we call “electrochemical liquid–liquid–solid” (ec-LLS) crystal growth, marries the semiconductor solvation properties of liquid metal melts with the utility and simplicity of conventional electrodeposition. A low-temperature liquid metal (i.e., Hg, Ga, or alloy thereof) acts simultaneously as the source of electrons for the heterogeneous reduction of oxidized semiconductor precursors dissolved in an electrolyte as well as the solvent for dissolution of the zero-valent semiconductor. Supersaturation of the semiconductor in the liquid metal triggers eventual crystal nucleation and growth. In this way, the liquid electrolyte–liquid metal–solid crystal phase boundary strongly influences crystal growth.As a synthetic strategy, ec-LLS has several intrinsic features that are attractive for pre...
Abstract LB-326: Identification of novel recurrent mutations in follicular lymphoma

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and although often responsive to treatment remains incurable with conventional therapies. Approximately 30% of patients will undergo transformation to a more aggressive, clonally related malignancy (t-FL). Our understanding of the genomic landscape of FL is limited when compared to other hematologic malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To better understand the FL genomic landscape and identify novel recurrent mutations, we performed exome sequencing on fresh frozen samples from a discovery cohort of 24 patients with FL prior to treatment (12), FL relapsed after prior therapy (6) or t-FL (6) with paired normal skin samples. From this analysis, we identified 898 genes harboring mutations. We combined these results with a list of 819 recurrently mutated genes from 10 sequencing studies of other B-cell malignancies to develop a custom capture reagent targeting the coding regions and UTRs of 1717 genes. We applied this reagent to the initial discovery samples and an additional 81 FFPE tumor samples from patients with FL (80) or t-FL (1), achieving >20x coverage for >75% of the targeted region. Through this approach, we confirmed previously described mutations in chromatin/epigenetic modifiers ( MLL2 [60%], CREBBP [55%], EP300 [19%], EZH2 [17%], MEF2B [7.6%]), histones linkers ( HIST1H1C/E [21%]), transcription factors ( IRF8 [13%], STAT6 [12%]), and the BCR signaling pathway ( CD79B [5.7%], CARD11 [11.4%], BCL10 [2.8%], TNFAIP3 [2.8%]). Additionally, we identified mutations in novel genes within the previously implicated BCR pathway ( CD22 [3.8%], BTK [8.6%], HVCN1 [7.6%]) and multiple hits in complexes not previously described in association with FL such as the Swi/Snf nucleosome remodeling complex ( ARID1A/B [8.6%], SMARCA4 [4.8%], SMARCB1 [1.9%], BCL7A [21%], BCL11A [1.9%], PBRM1 [1.9%], DPF1 [1%], ACTB [1%]), hotspot mutations in vacuolar ATPases ( ATP6V1B2 [8.6%] , VMA21 [4.8%]) and others ( EGR1/2 [6.7%], POU2AF1 [6.7%]). Though many of these mutations have been independently reported in patients, those studies lacked sufficient size to evaluate their statistical significance. In contrast, the strength of our approach is illustrated in our finding of 54 genes significantly mutated above background mutation rates (FDR HVCN1 mutations (p CREBBP mutations were associated with reduced PFS (p Citation Format: Kilannin Krysiak, Felicia Gomez, Brian S. White, Matthew Matlock, Chris A. Miller, Robert S. Fulton, Friederike Kreisel, Amanda F. Cashen, Kenneth R. Carson, Melissa M. Berrien-Elliott, Nancy L. Bartlett, Richard K. Wilson, Elaine R. Mardis, Malachi Griffith, Obi L. Griffith, Todd A. Fehniger. Identification of novel recurrent mutations in follicular lymphoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-326.
The Nebraska interprofessional education attitudes scale: A new instrument for assessing the attitudes of health professions students

Abstract Background Interprofessional education (IPE) for health professions students can facilitate collaboration. Previous instruments to measure student attitudes about IPE were reported to lack psychometric and validity evidence. Methods The Nebraska Interprofessional Education Attitude Scale (NIPEAS) was developed to measure the attitudes of pre-clinical learners to practicing health professionals. The 19 item questionnaire was administered in 2012 to 370 students, in 2013 to 280 faculty, and in 2015 to 353 students. Results An exploratory factor analysis found that NIPEAS items loaded onto four factors: "Team approach to health care," "Receptivity to teammates," "Self-efficacy as a team member" and "Ethics in health care." Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the four-factor model for NIPEAS provided an adequate fit to the data. Conclusions The attitude scales in NIPEAS were derived from the IPEC competencies. NIPEAS appears to be useful for measuring attitudes about interprofessional collaboration of pre-service health professions students and health care providers.
Cell Fate and Cell Migration in the Developing Cerebral Cortex

Publisher Summary The mammalian cerebral cortex is composed of the neural networks responsible for the behavioral diversity of mammals and intellectual life of humans. The formation of the neural networks that perform these tasks requires the creation, migration, and proper connections of neurons of different physiological types. In addition to the neurons of these networks, there are a number of other cell types required for the creation of a functional cerebral cortex. These include cells that support the function of neurons in the adult, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and cells that are required only during development, such as radial glia. The adult cerebral cortex is organized horizontally into functional areas and vertically into cortical layers, or lamina. Vertically, each layer consists of different neuronal types that make characteristic connections to other neurons locally within the cortex, to distant sites within the cortex, and/or to sites outside the cerebral cortex. Different functional areas of the cortex have the same basic laminar structure, but differ in the number of neurons within each layer and thickness of each layer. Also, neurons in different functional areas make connections that reflect their functional specification.
Neurologic sequelae associated with delayed identification of iatrogenic skull base injury during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS).

BACKGROUND Skull base injury is an infrequent complication during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). We hypothesize that late recognition and repair of CSF leaks during ESS is associated with increased neurologic morbidity. METHODOLOGY A retrospective review was performed of patients with skull base injury during ESS at a tertiary center from 1999-2015. The study population was separated into early (less than 72 hrs) and late (more than 72 hrs) intervention groups. Study parameters included time to diagnosis, imaging, site of injury, type of repair, neurologic complications, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Seventeen patients were studied. The primary surgical interventions included ESS and balloon sinuplasty. Mean latency from primary surgery to presentation to our facility was 11 days. The most common injury site was the cribriform plate and the mean defect size 4.5 mm. Late diagnosis was associated with increased total neurologic complications and increased rates of postoperative meningitis. No neurologic complications occurred in patients diagnosed intraoperatively. All patients underwent successful endoscopic repair. CONCLUSION Skull base injury is a rare but major complication following both balloon sinuplasty and traditional primary ESS. Early diagnosis and endoscopic repair may prevent neurologic morbidity in these patients.
Rethinking Economic Conditions and Environmental Attitudes Macroeconomic Effects, Individual Experiences, and Subjectivity

The global environmental concern literature has focused on economic development as a contextual predictor of environmental attitudes with conflicting empirical results. Some studies, informed by po...
Characterizing the Nash equilibria of three-player Bayesian quantum games

Quantum games with incomplete information can be studied within a Bayesian framework. We analyze games quantized within the EWL framework [Eisert, Wilkens, and Lewenstein, Phys Rev. Lett. 83, 3077 (1999)]. We solve for the Nash equilibria of a variety of two-player quantum games and compare the results to the solutions of the corresponding classical games. We then analyze Bayesian games where there is uncertainty about the player types in two-player conflicting interest games. The solutions to the Bayesian games are found to have a phase diagram-like structure where different equilibria exist in different parameter regions, depending both on the amount of uncertainty and the degree of entanglement. We find that in games where a Pareto-optimal solution is not a Nash equilibrium, it is possible for the quantized game to have an advantage over the classical version. In addition, we analyze the behavior of the solutions as the strategy choices approach an unrestricted operation. We find that some games have a continuum of solutions, bounded by the solutions of a simpler restricted game. A deeper understanding of Bayesian quantum game theory could lead to novel quantum applications in a multi-agent setting.
Quality in urine microscopy: The eyes of the beholder.

The renal patient is best served when the nephrologist familiar with the case performs the urine microscopy
A new diagnostic real-time PCR method for huanglongbing detection in citrus root tissue

Citrus fibrous root tissue was evaluated as an alternative source material for huanglongbing (HLB) diagnosis by real-time PCR using primer-probe set TXCChlb, developed in the present study based on 16S rDNA of “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” (CLas). Real-time PCR data obtained with DNA samples prepared from leaf and fibrous root tissue collected from mature (> 10 years old) and young (4–5 years old) citrus trees growing in Texas and Florida confirmed that root HLB test is more sensitive than the leaf HLB test in terms of the detection rate of HLB positive trees. In addition, the current study confirmed that HLB can be diagnosed at the pre-symptomatic stage using the root HLB test to facilitate efficient removal of HLB-positive, asymptomatic trees that could serve as a source for HLB. The new HLB diagnostic method using root tissue described in the current study can assist in deploying a more efficient disease management strategy to deter HLB spread, especially at the pre-symptomatic stage.
Measurement of the Low-Energy Quenching Factor in CsI[Na]

As discussed in Chap. 2, the only visible signal from a CEνNS interaction is a nuclear recoil within the detector. These recoils carry only a small amount of energy. Their detection is made even more difficult due to a process typically referred to as quenching: For a low-energy nuclear recoil only a small amount of energy is converted into scintillation or ionization, and the rest is dissipated via secondary nuclear recoils and heat. The quenching factor can be defined by comparing the scintillation or ionization yield of a nuclear recoil of given energy to the scintillation or ionization yield of an ionizing particle of the same energy, i.e., a particle which predominantly loses its energy through electronic recoils in the detector.
Person-Centered Care as Facilitated by Kansas' PEAK 2.0 Medicaid Pay-for-Performance Program and Nursing Home Resident Clinical Outcomes.

Purpose of the Study Person-centered care (PCC) is intended to improve nursing home residents' quality of life, but the closer bonds it engenders between residents and staff may also facilitate improvements to residents' clinical health. Findings on whether adoption ameliorates resident clinical outcomes are conflicting, with some evidence of harm as well as benefit. To provide clearer evidence, the present study made use of Kansas' PEAK 2.0 Medicaid pay-for-performance (P4P) program, which incents the adoption of PCC. The program is distinctive in training facilities' staff on adopting PCC through a series of well-defined stages and providing regular feedback about their progress. Design and Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed with 349 Kansas facilities spread across several well-defined PCC adoption stages, ranging from nonadoption to comprehensive adoption. The outcomes were thirteen 2014-2016 Nursing Home Compare long-stay resident clinical measures and a composite measure incorporating only nonimputed data for those 13 outcomes. Observed facility demographic differences were controlled for with propensity score adjustment. Treatment effect analyses were run with each outcome, with the predictor variable of program stage. Results Seven of the 13 clinical measures plus the composite measure indicated better health for residents in homes at higher program stages, relative to those in nonparticipating homes, including a 49% lower prevalence of major depressive symptoms in strongly adopting facilities. Implications The findings suggest that greater PCC adoption through PEAK participation is associated with better quality of care. Policymakers in other states may want to consider implementing a program modeled on PEAK 2.0.
Fact Checking the Fact Checkers: Verification Web Sites, Partisanship and Sourcing

People are calling for the increased verification of the explosion of online information. What can we believe? One response to this call has been “fact checkers,” some of which are organizations and others run by individuals. How are these online verifiers set up? What are the mechanisms they use to fact-check others’ claims? Are they nonpartisan or unbiased in their analysis? Do they even claim to be? This paper analyzes some English language fact-checking websites in Canada, Great Britain and the United States, seeking to answer these questions. We create a typology of fact-checking web sites and propose criteria by which they might be evaluated. We then explore how each set of online verifiers addressed issues in each country’s elections. Preliminary conclusions are: Even the most visible fact-checking sites represent themselves in ways that might be considered partisan and they may not be justifying well the positions they take.
SO2 and CO2 IR line lists for atmospheric modeling on Venus and Exoplanets

Highly accurate IR line lists are ready for 13 CO2 isotopologues and 7 SO2 isotopologues. Ames-296K IR lists carry 0.01 - 0.03 cm−1 accuracy up to 13,000 cm−1 for CO2 and 5500 cm−1 for SO2, and 90–95% intensity agreement for most observable bands. Good for atmospheric modeling on Venus and Exoplanets.
Improving the Reconstruction Image Quality of Multiple Small Discrete Targets Using the Phase Coherence Method

In this work, we investigate the application of the phase coherence method for improving the quality of reconstructed images of small isolated objects with our Advanced Imaging Technique (AIT) nearfield millimeter-wave radar security scanning system. Based on the phase diversity of the reconstructed solutions for different transmitters, a phase coherence factor (PCF) is designed to weight the coherent sum. We verify its effectiveness with both numerical simulation and experimental measurement. In both simulation and experiment results, the artifacts like side-lobes, grating lobes or clutter in the original images are reduced in the processed images after applying the phase coherence method.