cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A fast algorithm for sparse matrix computations related to inversion

We have developed a fast algorithm for computing certain entries of the inverse of a sparse matrix. Such computations are critical to many applications, such as the calculation of non-equilibrium Green's functions G^r and G^< for nano-devices. The FIND (Fast Inverse using Nested Dissection) algorithm is optimal in the big-O sense. However, in practice, FIND suffers from two problems due to the width-2 separators used by its partitioning scheme. One problem is the presence of a large constant factor in the computational cost of FIND. The other problem is that the partitioning scheme used by FIND is incompatible with most existing partitioning methods and libraries for nested dissection, which all use width-1 separators. Our new algorithm resolves these problems by thoroughly decomposing the computation process such that width-1 separators can be used, resulting in a significant speedup over FIND for realistic devices - up to twelve-fold in simulation. The new algorithm also has the added advantage that desired off-diagonal entries can be computed for free. Consequently, our algorithm is faster than the current state-of-the-art recursive methods for meshes of any size. Furthermore, the framework used in the analysis of our algorithm is the first attempt to explicitly apply the widely-used relationship between mesh nodes and matrix computations to the problem of multiple eliminations with reuse of intermediate results. This framework makes our algorithm easier to generalize, and also easier to compare against other methods related to elimination trees. Finally, our accuracy analysis shows that the algorithms that require back-substitution are subject to significant extra round-off errors, which become extremely large even for some well-conditioned matrices or matrices with only moderately large condition numbers. When compared to these back-substitution algorithms, our algorithm is generally a few orders of magnitude more accurate, and our produced round-off errors stay at a reasonable level.
Conditioned suppression under positive, negative, and no contingency between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli.

Using a conditioned suppression procedure, the effects of three contingent relationships between conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli were investigated. A traditional positive (if CS—then US) contingency suppressed response rate during the CS relative to responding during stimulus-free minutes of the session. A negative (if CS—then no US) contingency resulted in suppressed responding during CS-off minutes, and rate increases during the CS. A no-contingency control procedure, during which CS and US were randomly related, almost totally suppressed responding throughout the session and showed no differential effects of the CS on response rate. An analysis of changes in response rate during the minute after US-offset revealed acceleration under the no-contingency condition and, to a somewhat lesser degree, under the negative contingency. Both conditioned suppression and non-suppression are analyzed in terms of the temporal relationship between CS and US.
Hyperglycemia and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: from Bedside to Bench—More Study Is Needed

Hyperglycemia on admission has been associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the mechanistic links between hyperglycemia and poor outcome are not fully elucidated. We sought to determine the relationship between the serum glucose levels during the first 72 h after ICH, and evolution of hematoma and perihematomal edema (PHE), and functional outcome at 3 months and performed a retrospective review of prospectively collected data from 135 consecutive ICH patients. Patients were divided into two groups based on their mean glucose level—high (≥150 mg/dl) vs. controlled (<150 mg/dl). We used Chi-square test and multiple logistic regressions to assess the relationship between glucose level and outcome variables, including hematoma expansion (HE), PHE growth, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 3 months. The mean 72-h glucose level was 123 ± 16 for the controlled group and 190 ± 48 mg/dl for the high-glucose group. The corresponding rates of HE were 23.4 vs. 25.9 % (unadjusted p = 0.80; adjusted p = 0.08); PHE growth, 31.3 vs. 29.6 % (unadjusted p = 0.88; adjusted p = 0.39); and poor outcome at 3 months, defined as mRS score of ≥3, was 54 vs. 71 % (unadjusted p = 0.06; adjusted p = 0.89). On multivariate analyses, the ICH score emerged as the major predictor for poor outcome, but not glucose. In conclusion, we found a trend for an association between mean 72 h glucose levels and poor outcome at 3 months, but this effect attenuated after adjusting for the ICH score. High glucose was not associated with HE or PHE growth. More preclinical and clinical studies are needed to elucidate the role of hyperglycemia in ICH before embarking on large and costly clinical trials of tight glucose control in ICH patients.
Micropower non-contact EEG electrode with active common-mode noise suppression and input capacitance cancellation

A non-contact EEG electrode with input capacitance neutralization and common-mode noise suppression circuits is presented. The coin sized sensor capacitively couples to the scalp without direct contact to the skin. To minimize the effect of signal attenuation and channel gain mismatch, the input capacitance of each sensor is actively neutralized using positive feedback and bootstrapping. Common-mode suppression is achieved through a single conductive sheet to establish a common mode reference. Each sensor electrode provides a differential gain of 60dB. Signals are transmitted in a digital serial daisy-chain directly from a local 16-bit ADC, minimizing the number of wires required to establish a high density EEG sensor network. The micropower electrode consumes only 600μW from a single 3.3V supply.
Constraint and divergence of global gene expression in the mammalian embryo

The way that the embryo of a mammal, such as a mouse or a human, develops from a fertilized egg is a complicated process that relies on controlling: which genes are active; when these genes activate; and for how long they are active. In broad terms, there are four ways that this control can be achieved: First, inside the sperm or egg, genes can be marked with small chemical tags that flag these genes to be activated (or remain inactive) after fertilization, depending on whether the modification was made by the father (in the sperm) or the mother (in the egg); this process is known as ‘imprinting’. Second, the mother can alter the gene activity in her offspring via the placenta; this process is known as ‘maternal effect’. Third, instructions encoded within the embryo's DNA can directly control if, and when, a nearby gene becomes activated; this is known as ‘cis-regulation’. Finally, similar instructions can also control genes that are situated elsewhere in the embryo's DNA through indirect mechanisms; this is known as ‘trans-regulation’. Now, Spies, Smith et al. have investigated these four processes in the offspring of two different strains of mice, one originally from Europe and the other from Southeast Asia. The two strains were crossbred and the resulting embryos were analyzed to see which of the four processes affected gene activity. This analysis revealed 31 imprinted genes and 331 genes that exhibited a maternal effect—which sometimes changed gene activity by as much as 52%. Spies, Smith et al. also found over a thousand DNA instructions in the embryo's DNA that could directly influence the activity of nearby genes, but fewer instructions that could indirectly control genes that were further away. These results suggest that direct control of genes, which affects only the genes closest to the DNA instruction, can vary a lot between individual embryos of the same species. However, indirect control of embryonically active genes, which affects many genes across the genome at the same time, appears much more tightly constrained by evolutionary forces. Which genes in the mother are responsible for the molecular signals that drive the maternal effect is an important question for future work, with implications for the genetic basis of embryonic development and disease.
A decision model for spatial site selection by criminals: a foundation for law enforcement decision support

Crime analysis uses past crime data to predict future crime locations and times. Typically this analysis relies on hot spot models that show clusters of criminal events based on past locations of these events. It does not consider the decision making processes of criminals as human initiated events susceptible to analysis using spatial choice models. This paper analyzes criminal incidents as spatial choice processes. Spatial choice analysis can be used to discover the distribution of people's behaviors in space and time. Two adjusted spatial choice models that include models of decision making processes are presented. The comparison results show that adjusted spatial choice models provide efficient and accurate predictions of future crime patterns and can be used as the basis for a law enforcement decision support system. This paper also extends spatial choice modeling to include the class of problems where the decision makers' preferences are derived indirectly through incident reports rather than directly through survey instruments.
Notification of Upcoming AGU Council Meeting

The AGU Council will meet on Sunday, 8 December 2013, beginning at 8:30 A.M., at the InterContinental Hotel in San Francisco, Calif. The meeting, which is open to all AGU members, will include discussions about strategies for AGU publishing and meetings, science-related policies, and changes to the AGU bylaws.
Analysis and design for robust performance with structured uncertainty

Abstract Necessary and sufficient conditions for stability and performance robustness of discrete-time systems are provided in terms of the spectral radius of a certain nonnegative matrix. The conditions are easily computable and provide a simple and efficient method for computation of the robustness conditions for SISO as well MIMO perturbations. The problem of robust controller synthesis is explored, and an iteration scheme for controller synthesis is introduced.
Sensitivity of Fit Indexes to Misspecified Structural or Measurement Model Components: Rationale of Two-Index Strategy Revisited

In previous research (Hu & Bentler, 1998, 1999), 2 conclusions were drawn: standardized root mean squared residual (SRMR) was the most sensitive to misspecified factor covariances, and a group of other fit indexes were most sensitive to misspecified factor loadings. Based on these findings, a 2-index strategy-that is, SRMR coupled with another index-was proposed in model fit assessment to detect potential misspecification in both the structural and measurement model parameters. Based on our reasoning and empirical work presented in this article, we conclude that SRMR is not necessarily most sensitive to misspecified factor covariances (structural model misspecification), the group of indexes (TLI, BL89, RNI, CFI, Gamma hat, Mc, or RMSEA) are not necessarily more sensitive to misspecified factor loadings (measurement model misspecification), and the rationale for the 2-index presentation strategy appears to have questionable validity.
A DESCENT NUMERICAL METHOD FOR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS WITH NONDIFFERENTIABLE COST FUNCTIONALS

In this paper we consider the numerical solution of convex optimization problems with nondifferentiable cost functionals. We propose a new algorithm, the $\varepsilon $-subradient method, a large step, double iterative algorithm which converges rapidly under very general assumptions. We discuss the application of the algorithm in some problems of nonlinear programming and optimal control and we show that the $\varepsilon $-subgradient method contains as a special case a minimax algorithm due to Pshenichnyi [5].
A 3D positioning system for off-road autonomous vehicles

To navigate efficiently on uneven off-road terrain, autonomous vehicles must have reliable 3D positioning capability. Currently most of the positioning systems for autonomous vehicle assume the vehicle runs on a 2D planar plane and ignores the attitude change on pitch and roll. The main problem for 3D positioning over that of ID is accurate 3D attitude estimation. Gyros are subject to drift with changes in temperature. In recent experiments, we employed a new self-calibrated INS system, which is able to bound the attitude errors by complying the integrated attitude with those obtained from the measurements of accelerometers due to the effect of the gravity. Together with the highly precise GPS information, a reliable 3D positioning system was realized by fusing the information from GPS, INS and digital compass together. A direct configured extend Kalman filter was adopted for its simplicity on the implementation. The validity of the proposed system is checked using the experimental results.
Mapping human networks

We have developed a method of measuring user interest and affiliation for conference attendees, using behavioral data to collected by 'smart badges' worn by the attendees. These measures allow validation, refinement, and extension of online user profiles, improving the dissemination of conference information.
Model and experiment of detecting multiple magnetic nanoparticles as biomolecular labels by spin valve sensors

We present an analytical model for detection of multiple magnetic nanoparticles (NP) as biomolecular labels by spin valve (SV) sensors, aiming to establish the relationship between the SV sensor signal and the number of magnetic labels. The model is based on the assumptions of equivalent average field of magnetic NPs and the coherent magnetization rotation of SVs free layer. Using the model, we have calculated the sensor signals of multiple NPs uniformly or randomly distributed over a SV sensor at various aspect ratios of the NP array. Satisfactory signal linearity at low particle number or high aspect ratio has been found. The model also reveals that the SV sensors could be made insensitive to the random configuration of NPs and only sensitive to the number of NPs. This feature is desired for quantitative bio-detection. To check the validity of the model, we performed experiments on a monolayer of 16-nm Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ NPs coated on 0.3-/spl mu/m-wide SV sensors. We found that the measured signals could be well described by the analytical model.
A life cycle carbon dioxide inventory of the Million Trees Los Angeles program

Purpose This study seeks to answer the question, “Will the Million Trees LA (Million Trees Los Angeles, MTLA) program be a carbon dioxide (CO2) sink or source?” Because there has never been a full accounting of CO2 emissions, it is unclear if urban tree planting initiatives (TPIs) are likely to be effective means for reaching local reduction targets. Methods Using surveys, interviews, field sampling, and computer simulation of tree growth and survival over a 40-year time period, we developed the first process-based life cycle inventory of CO2 for a large TPI. CO2 emissions and reductions from storage and avoided emissions from energy savings were simulated for 91,786 trees planted from 2006 to 2010, of which only 30,813 (33.6 %) were estimated to survive. Results and discussion The MTLA program was estimated to release 17,048 and 66,360 t of fossil and biogenic CO2 over the 40-year period, respectively. The total amount emitted (83,408 t) was slightly more than the −77,942 t CO2 that trees were projected to store in their biomass. The MTLA program will be a CO2 sink if projected 40-year-avoided fossil fuel CO2 emissions from energy savings (−101,679 t) and biopower (−1,939 t) are realized. The largest sources of CO2 emissions were mulch decomposition (65.1 %), wood combustion (14.5 %), and irrigation water (9.7 %). Conclusions Although trees planted by the MTLA program are likely to be a net CO2 sink, there is ample opportunity to reduce emissions. Examples of these opportunities include selecting drought-tolerant trees and utilizing wood residue to generate electricity rather than producing mulch.
(S)-N'-Nitrosonornicotine, a Constituent of Smokeless Tobacco, is a Powerful Oral Cavity Carcinogen in Rats

Currently, smokeless tobacco products are being proposed as an alternative mode of tobacco use associated with less harm. All of these products contain the tobacco-specific carcinogen N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN). The major form of NNN in tobacco products is (S)-NNN, shown in this study to induce a total of 89 benign and malignant oral cavity tumors in a group of 20 male F-344 rats treated chronically with 14 p.p.m. in the drinking water. The opposite enantiomer (R)-NNN was weakly active, but synergistically enhanced the carcinogenicity of (S)-NNN. Thus, (S)-NNN is identified for the first time as a strong oral cavity carcinogen in smokeless tobacco products and should be significantly reduced or removed from these products without delay in order to prevent debilitating and deadly oral cavity cancer in people who use them.
Factors affecting breeding season survival of Red-Headed Woodpeckers in South Carolina.

Red-headed woodpecker (Melanerpes erythrocephalus) populations have declined in the United States and Canada over the past 40 years. However, few demographic studies have been published on the species and none have addressed adult survival. During 2006-2007, we estimated survival probabilities of 80 radio-tagged red-headed woodpeckers during the breeding season in mature loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) forests in South Carolina. We used known-fate models in Program MARK to estimate survival within and between years and to evaluate the effects of foliar cover (number of available cover patches), snag density treatment (high density vs. low density), and sex and age of woodpeckers. Weekly survival probabilities followed a quadratic time trend, being lowest during mid-summer, which coincided with the late nestling and fledgling period. Avian predation, particularly by Cooper's (Accipiter cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus), accounted for 85% of all mortalities. Our best-supported model estimated an 18-week breeding season survival probability of 0.72 (95% CI ¼ 0.54-0.85) and indicated that the number of cover patches interacted with sex of woodpeckers to affect survival; females with few available cover patches had a lower probability of survival than either males or females with more cover patches. At the median number of cover patches available (n ¼ 6), breeding season survival of females was 0.82 (95% CI ¼ 0.54-0.94) and of males was 0.60 (95% CI ¼ 0.42-0.76). The number of cover patches available to woodpeckers appeared in all 3 of our top models predicting weekly survival, providing further evidence that woodpecker survival was positively associated with availability of cover. Woodpecker survival was not associated with snag density. Our results suggest that protection of � 0.7 cover patches per ha during vegetation control activities in mature pine forests will benefit survival of this Partners In Flight Watch List species. 2011 The Wildlife Society.
A general adaptive charge-balancing stimulator

This paper presents a general purpose adaptive stimulator that can create charge-balancing current pulses from an input current signal of arbitrary waveform, amplitude and period. The stimulator is based on a new methodology of output voltage control to achieve charge balance. The stimulator was designed using AMI 0.5 mum process and operates at a supply voltage of plusmn 1.5 V. The simulation results show that the stimulator achieves charge balance for the input stimulating current range from 100 pA to 35 uA with a 1 ms pulse width.
Living matter—nexus of physics and biology in the 21st century

Cells are made up of complex assemblies of cytoskeletal proteins that facilitate force transmission from the molecular to cellular scale to regulate cell shape and force gen- eration. The "living matter" formed by the cytoskeleton facilitates versatile and robust be- haviors of cells, including their migration, adhesion, division, and morphology, that ultimately determine tissue architecture and mechanics. Elucidating the underlying physical principles of such living matter provides great opportunities in both biology and physics. For physicists, the cytoskeleton provides an exceptional toolbox to study materials far from equilibrium. For biologists, these studies will provide new understanding of how molecular-scale processes determine cell morphological changes.
Selective Dysregulation of Hippocampal Inhibition in the Mouse Lacking Autism Candidate Gene CNTNAP2

Mutations in the human gene encoding contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) have been strongly associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Cntnap2(-/-) mice recapitulate major features of ASD, including social impairment, reduced vocalizations, and repetitive behavior. In addition, Cntnap2(-/-) mice show reduced cortical neuronal synchrony and develop spontaneous seizures throughout adulthood. As suggested for other forms of ASDs, this phenotype could reflect some form of synaptic dysregulation. However, the impact of lifelong deletion of CNTNAP2 on synaptic function in the brain remains unknown. To address this issue, we have assessed excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in acute hippocampal slices of Cntnap2(-/-) mice. We found that although excitatory transmission was mostly normal, inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal cells was altered in Cntnap2(-/-) mice. Specifically, putative perisomatic, but not dendritic, evoked IPSCs were significantly reduced in these mice. Whereas both inhibitory short-term plasticity and miniature IPSC frequency and amplitude were normal in Cntnap2(-/-) mice, we found an unexpected increase in the frequency of spontaneous, action potential-driven IPSCs. Altered hippocampal inhibition could account for the behavioral phenotype Cntnap2(-/-) mice present later in life. Overall, our findings that Cntnap2 deletion selectively impairs perisomatic hippocampal inhibition while sparing excitation provide additional support for synaptic dysfunction as a common mechanism underlying ASDs.
Nephroblastoma/Wilms Tumor: A Corrupted Cap Stem Cell Caricature

The pediatric renal neoplasm, Wilms tumor (WT), is the third most prevalent form of childhood cancer. The tumor originates in stem/progenitor cells derived from metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and generally caricatures the histologic profile of the developing metanephros, typically displaying an expanded blastemal population with primitive tubular epithelial and stromal elements. The blastemal cells, which constitute variable proportions of the tumors, express markers characteristic of the normal progenitor, suggesting that they are inhibited in their ability to differentiate. Despite the lack of a clear genetic locus(i) that consistently identifies with the neoplasm, the tumor suppressors, WT1, WTX, and TP53, and oncogenes, IGF2 and CTNNB1/β-catenin, have been implicated in Wilms tumor pathogenesis. Moreover, modeling Wilms in the mouse has confirmed that the combined loss of WT1 and IGF2 can effectively promote nephroblastoma. Molecular analysis of these factors has now provided important clues as to their potential interactions in tumorigenesis and better insight into possible therapeutic targets in cancer treatment.
Linking glacially modified waters to catchment-scale subglacial discharge using autonomous underwater vehicle observations

Abstract. Measurements of near-ice ( 200 m) hydrography and near-terminus subglacial hydrology are lacking, due in large part to the difficulty in working at the margin of calving glaciers. Here we pair detailed hydrographic and bathymetric measurements collected with an autonomous underwater vehicle as close as 150 m from the ice–ocean interface of the Saqqarliup sermia–Sarqardleq Fjord system, West Greenland, with modeled and observed subglacial discharge locations and magnitudes. We find evidence of two main types of subsurface glacially modified water (GMW) with distinct properties and locations. The two GMW locations also align with modeled runoff discharged at separate locations along the grounded margin corresponding with two prominent subcatchments beneath Saqqarliup sermia. Thus, near-ice observations and subglacial discharge routing indicate that runoff from this glacier occurs primarily at two discrete locations and gives rise to two distinct glacially modified waters. Furthermore, we show that the location with the largest subglacial discharge is associated with the lighter, fresher glacially modified water mass. This is qualitatively consistent with results from an idealized plume model.
Five surgical maneuvers on nasal mucosa movement in cleft palate repair: A cadaver study

Summary Introduction This biomechanical study aims to characterize the nasal mucosa during palatoplasty, thereby describing the soft tissue attachments at different zones and quantifying movement following their release. Methods Palatal nasal mucosa was exposed and divided in the midline in 10 adult cadaver heads. Five consecutive maneuvers were performed: (1) elevation of nasal mucosa off the maxilla, (2) dissection of nasal mucosa from soft palate musculature, (3) separation of nasal mucosa from palatine aponeurosis, (4) release of mucosa at the pterygopalatine junction, and (5) mobilization of vomer flaps. The mucosal movements across the midline at the midpalate (MP) and posterior nasal spine (PNS) following each maneuver were measured. Results At the MP, maneuvers 1–4 cumulatively provided 3.8 mm (36.9%), 4.9 mm (47.6%), 6.1 mm (59.2%), and 10.3 mm, respectively. Vomer flap (10.5 mm) elevation led to mobility equivalent to that of maneuvers 1–4 ( p = 0.72). At the PNS, cumulative measurements after maneuvers 1–4 were 1.3 mm (10%), 2.4 mm (18.6%), 5.7 mm (44.2%), and 12.9 mm. Here, vomer flaps (6.5 mm) provided less movement ( p Conclusion At the MP, complete release of the lateral nasal mucosa achieves as much movement as the vomer flap. At the hard–soft palate junction, the maneuvers progressively add to the movement of the lateral nasal mucosa. The most powerful step is release of attachments along the posterior aspect of the medial pterygoid.
Chapter 8:Multiple Roles of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Alzheimer's Disease

One of the most notable developments in research concerning Alzheimer's disease is the solid evidence directly linking glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) to most, if not all, of the major mechanisms known to contribute to the neuropathology of the disease. GSK-3 interacts with multiple components of the plaque-producing amyloid system associated with Alzheimer's disease. GSK-3 participates in phosphorylating the microtubule-binding protein tau, which may contribute to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease. GSK-3 interacts with presenilin and other Alzheimer's disease-associated proteins. GSK-3 has a central role in neuronal plasticity and memory. GSK-3 promotes both inflammation and apoptosis. These many links between GSK-3 and Alzheimer's disease are discussed in this chapter.
Determination of chlorite and chlorate of disinfection by-products in drinking water by free reagent ion chromatography

Objective: To develop a method for simulataneous determination of chlorite and chlorate of disinfection by-products in drinking water by free reagent ion chromatography.Methods:The method was based on IC separation under the condition of isocratic eluent with 20 mmol/L KOH generation on line and flow rate of 1.0 ml/min by using the IonPac AS19 analytical column and suppressed condutivity detector.Results:This method had good linear relatity in the range of 0~0.80 mg/L and good analytic precision(RSD%1.5).The correlation coefficient was 0.9995 for chlorite and 0.9997 for chlorate.The recovery rate was 93.0%~101.3% for chlorite and 95.5%~104.2% for chlorate.The detection limit was 2.24 μg/L for chlorite and 3.26 μg/L for chlorate.Conclusion:This method is simple,rapid and sensitive.It is available to determine the chlorite and chlorate of disinfection by-products in drinking water by free reagent ion chromatography.
Selective antitumor activity of roscovitine in head and neck cancer.

// Cyril Gary 1, * , Michael Hajek 1, * , Asel Biktasova 1, 4 , Gary Bellinger 1 , Wendell G. Yarbrough 1, 2, 3 , Natalia Issaeva 1, 3 1 Department of Surgery Division of Otolaryngology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA 2 Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA 3 Department of Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA 4 Current address: Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Australia * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Natalia Issaeva, email: natalia.issaeva@yale.edu Keywords: roscovitine, head and neck cancer, HPV, DNA damage, toxicity Received: September 28, 2015 Accepted: May 05, 2016 Published: May 23, 2016 ABSTRACT Radiation and chemotherapy that are commonly used to treat human cancers damage cellular DNA. DNA damage appears to be more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells, most likely due to deregulated checkpoint activation and/or deficiency in DNA repair pathways that are characteristics of many tumors. However, unwanted side effects arise as a result of DNA damage to normal cells during the treatment. Here, we show that roscovitine, a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that inhibits CDK-1, CDK-2, CDK-5, CDK-7, and CDK-9 due to competitive binding to the ATP site on the kinases, causes significant DNA damage followed by p53-dependent cell death in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive, but not in HPV-negative, head and neck cancer cells. Since HPV positivity was a molecular marker for increased sensitivity of cells to roscovitine, we reasoned that systemic roscovitine administration would not be toxic to healthy HPV-negative tissue. Indeed, low roscovitine doses significantly inhibited the growth of HPV-associated xenografted tumors in mice without causing any detectable side effects. Given that inhibition of CDKs has been shown to inhibit replication of several viruses, we suggest that roscovitine treatment may represent a selective and safe targeted therapeutic option against HPV-positive head and neck cancer.
X-cells in the cat retina: relationships between the morphology and physiology of a class of cat retinal ganglion cells.

1. The morphology of 21 physiologically characterized X-cells in the cat retina was studied using intracellular recording and injection with horseradish peroxidase. The data from these experiments ...
Infectious Complications of Penile Prosthetic Implants

AbstractAn infectious complication involving placement of a penile prosthesis is a disastrous event. A review of more than 300 devices placed between 1979 and 1984 at this center reveals an infectious complication rate of 8.3 per cent. Perioperative risk factors predisposing to infection included reoperation for technical failures, inadequate antibiotic coverage (specifically for Staphylococcus epidermidis), failure to perform a circumcision at the time of placement in uncircumcised patients and simultaneous placement with an artificial urinary sphincter device. No group of patients nor type of prosthesis was more susceptible to the development of a postoperative infection.
L-DOPA Poisioning

The medical therapy for Parkinson's disease, especially in younger patients, has recently included L-DOPA, the generic name for levodihydroxyphenylalanine. The prescribed therapeutic amounts of this drug have been suggested and the resulting circulating blood concentrations documented [1]. We have recently observed what appears to be the first death from an overdose of this drug, affording an opportunity to perform distribution studies on the tissues and fluids. Meprobamate and flurazepam (Dalmane) were also recovered, but in trace to therapeutic amounts.
Ventricular tachycardia and prolonged QT interval presenting as seizure-like activity

Seizures can be difficult to distinguish from other causes of transient cerebral hypoxia in the emergency department. We present a case of seizure activity in a woman in whom EKG led to a diagnosis of intermittent monomorphic and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes), highlighting the need for careful consideration of alternative causes of seizures, even in patients with known epilepsy.
She’s Not There Women and Gender as Disappearing Foci in U.S. Research on the Elementary School Teacher, 1995–Present

For this literature review, the authors asked, “What is the role of gender in research about elementary-level women teachers and preservice teachers in the past 15 years, and what have scholars learned about the gendered nature of women’s experiences in elementary-level preservice and in-service teaching in that time?” To be eligible for inclusion, works had to be published during or after 1995, study elementary preservice or practicing women educators, take place in the United States, focus on gender, and be empirical. Of the 54 articles that warranted in-depth investigation, 42 articles were excluded because teachers’ gender was subsumed under other social categories such as K–12 female students or male students and teachers. The majority of the 12 relevant articles employed small participant samples and exploratory approaches and depicted female teachers as struggling with or marginalized in the profession. A minority presented women teachers as reveling in the legacies of teaching. These findings beg ...
Prima dell’atterraggio

Tutti sanno che un “buon atterraggio” e quello che vi permette di lasciare incolumi l’aeroplano.
Dual frequency fusion for defect signal enhancement in EC-GMR inspecton of riveted multilayer structures

Abstract Reliable detection of defects under fasteners at rivet sites is one of the most critical problems in inspection of multilayer structures. Rotating eddy current (EC) excitation with giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensor array field pick up (EC-GMR) has proved to be a promising approach in this application. In this paper, fusion of dual frequency is applied to EC-GMR scan data acquired with a novel differential array probe, to suppress the strong fastener response and hence improve the detectability of defects. Performance of the data fusion algorithm is evaluated on a two-layer aluminum sample with steel fasteners and notches introduced in the bottom layer using the electric discharge machine (EDM). Experimental results demonstrate that defects of different sizes can be successfully detected by evaluating the residual field after fusion. Defect orientation angle has minimal impact on the sensitivity of the probe owing to rotating eddy current excitation.
Parity-Controlled 2π Josephson Effect Mediated by Majorana Kramers Pairs.

We study a time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor island hosting spatially separated Majorana Kramers pairs, with weak tunnel couplings to two $s$-wave superconducting leads. When the topological superconductor island is in the Coulomb blockade regime, we predict that a Josephson current flows between the two leads due to a nonlocal transfer of Cooper pairs mediated by the Majorana Kramers pairs. Interestingly, we find that the sign of the Josephson current is controlled by the joint parity of all four Majorana bound states on the island. Consequently, this parity-controlled Josephson effect can be used for qubit readout in Majorana-based quantum computing.
A Grounded Theory Study of Collaboration in Multidisciplinary Teams

The multidisciplinary team response to child abuse emerged during the 1980s as increasing numbers of reports brought recognition that one agency alone lacked the expertise and resources to effectiv...
Opportunism is in the Eye of the Beholder: Antecedents of Subjective Opportunism Judgments

Contractualist work in business ethics as well as in economic organization theory views opportunistic behaviors as problematic since they create economic harm and are often considered to violate ethical norms. Yet, much of the empirical literature on opportunism has adopted a rather simplistic definition of opportunistic behaviors as behaviors that violate formal and/or relational contracts and assumed that instances of opportunism can be unequivocally defined by simply referring to the content of contracts. The consequence of this assumption has been a disregard for factors other than the content of contracts that may influence whether exchange partners judge an unexpected behavior they face during exchange relationships as opportunistic or not. The present investigation explores the factors that shape exchange partners’ subjective opportunism judgments through two vignette-based laboratory experiments. Results from the first experiment, where subjects were asked to take the perspective of a harmed party, show that opportunism judgments are influenced by the type of the behavior, type of the causal account provided for the behavior, perceived type of the exchange, and personality traits of the actor making the judgment. The second experiment, in which subjects were asked to take the perspective of the transgressor, demonstrates the influence of perspective. In particular, victims are more likely to assess a given unexpected behavior as opportunistic than transgressors, and their judgments do not relate to the underlying factors in the same way as the victims’ judgments. I discuss implications in terms of the governance of interfirm exchange relationships.
“We Know for a Fact”: Dyslexia Interventionists and the Power of Authoritative Discourse:

Although researchers have studied dyslexia for over a century, there is still much debate about how dyslexia differs from other reading difficulties and how to support students labeled dyslexic. Ne...
Modification of fluorine-18 synthesis modules to enable cGMP synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals using multiple radiochemical strategies

1453 Objectives The field of radiochemistry is moving towards exclusive use of automated synthesis modules for production of clinical radiopharmaceutical doses. Such a move comes with many advantages, but also presents radiochemists with the challenge of re-configuring synthesis modules for production of radiopharmaceuticals that require non-conventional radiochemistry whilst maintaining full automation and compliance with cGMP regulations. Herein we present simple, fully automated methods for producing [18F]FLT, [18F]MPPF, [18F]sodium fluoride, [18F]fluorocholine, [18F]SFB and [18F]radiolabeled triazoles using a modified General Electric (GE) Tracerlab FXFN synthesis module. Methods Fluoride-18 was produced via the 18O(p,n)18F nuclear reaction using a GE PETTrace cyclotron equipped with a high yield fluorine-18 target. Fully automated production of [18F]labeled radiopharmaceuticals was carried out using a Tracerlab FXFN synthesis module. Quality control of radiopharmaceuticals was carried out in accordance with the U.S. Pharmacopeia (Chapter 823). Results Simple modifications to a GE Tracerlab FX-FN will be disclosed that enable production of radiopharmaceuticals using multiple different radiochemical approaches. To demonstrate proof-of-concept, fully automated GMP compliant synthesis methods for production of [18F]FLT, [18F]MPPF, [18F]sodium fluoride, [18F]fluorocholine, [18F]SFB and [18F]radiolabeled triazoles using the modified synthesis module will be reported, along with complete quality control data. Conclusions The Tracerlab FXFN has proven a versatile synthesis module in our hands. The results disclosed herein demonstrate that through simple modifications, GMP production of radiopharmaceuticals via multiple state-of-the-art radiochemical techniques is enabled. Research Support Support of this work by the Department of Energy, Office of Science is gratefully acknowledged
A Planar Milli-Robot System on an Air Bearing

For assembly and testing purposes, for example, assembly or testing of hybrid circuit modules, millimeter and smaller size objects need to be transported over distances on the order of several object diameters. In order to handle these submillimeter size mechanical or electronic components, a miniature manipulator system has been developed. There are many advantages to shrinking robots and mechanical actuators to the same size as the parts to be manipulated. Extremely delicate forces can be applied, robots can be readily parallelizable, and the relative accuracy required can be markedly reduced. One of the major difficulties in building millimeter scale micro-robots is overcoming forces due to friction and wiring. Friction forces can be reduced by using levitation or using fluid lubrication, such as an air-bearing. This paper considers some initial steps towards implementing a miniature robotic system using magnetically driven platforms about 7 mm square on a 35 mm square workspace. The position of the platform is sensed using an array-type capacitive proximity sensor. The system should be scalable to one tenth the present size. The mobile platforms can be used in Cooperation to grab and position small objects.
The Biology of Aging: Role in Cancer, Metabolic Dysfunction, and Health Disparities

Aging is the primary cause of the majority of chronic diseases and disabling conditions. However, some individuals depart from the recognized patterns. Certain “at-risk” or “frail” individuals demonstrate premature aging, with increased cellular senescence, inflammation, early onset of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer, and reductions in the ability to perform activities of daily living; whereas other “protected” or “fit” individuals appear to undergo a protracted period of health despite increasing years, remaining physically active senior citizens without chronic pain, disability, or frailty. Significant effort is being expended to understand this spectrum of aging phenotypes, with the goal of identifying the most important interventions or preventive steps that will preserve a “healthy aging” that maximizes lifespan without pain and chronic problems. We discuss health disparities that influence unhealthy aging, with a focus on interacting mechanisms in cancer, inflammation, and obesity.
The Methods of Analytic and Preparative Paper Chromatography

Part A of this exercise gives instructions on how to find the proper Chromatographic solvent in orienting analysis, The method which is described in Part B applies a thick filter paper for the preparative Chromatographic separation of Oligosaccharides, Basically, the same procedure can be applied for the separation of peptides or other split products. Obviously, in these latter instances different spray reagents and different Chromatographic solvents must be used.
The linked data platform (LDP)

As a result of the Linked Data Basic Profile submission, made by several organizations including IBM, EMC, and Oracle, the W3C launched in June 2012 the Linked Data Platform (LDP) Working Group (WG).The LDP WG is chartered to produce a W3C Recommendation for HTTP-based (RESTful) application integration patterns using read/write Linked Data. This work will benefit both small-scale in-browser applications (WebApps) and large-scale Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) efforts. It will complement SPARQL and will be compatible with standards for publishing Linked Data, bringing the data integration features of RDF to RESTful, data-oriented software development.This presentation introduces developers to the Linked Data Platform, explains its origins in the Open Services Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC) initiative, describes how it fits with other existing Semantic Web technologies and the problems developers will be able to address using LDP, based on use cases such as the integration challenge the industry faces in the Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) space.By attending this presentation developers will get an understanding of this upcoming W3C Recommendation which is posed to become a major stepping stone in enabling broader adoption of Linked Data in the industry, not only for publishing data but also for integrating applications.
Educators' beliefs about kindergarten practices

Educators' beliefs about kindergarten practices were investigated in this study. Subjects were 56 kindergarten teachers, 51 first-grade teachers and 47 principals from Iowa public school districts offering full-day every day kindergarten programs and 46 kindergarten teachers, 43 first-grade teachers and 45 principals from schools offering half-day every day programs. A majority of the kindergarten teachers have 11+ years of kindergarten teaching experience and an elementary (K-6) teaching certification. The Teacher Information Survey and the Teacher Questionnaire addressing teachers' beliefs and instructional classroom practices were completed. Results from ANOVA and the Duncan multiple range test revealed that kindergarten teachers first-grade teachers and elementary school principals showed similar belief patterns. However, kindergarten teachers tended to place more importance on providing opportunities for children to learn through active exploration, experimentation, and interactive processes and with a wider variety of activities and materials. In contrast, first-grade teachers tended to believe that it was more desirable to offer academic instruction, e.g., reading and alphabet. There were very few differences between the beliefs and practices of educators from half-day every day as compared to those from full-day every day kindergarten programs. There also were very few differences based on kindergarten teachers' years of kindergarten teaching experience and their beliefs and reported classroom practices.
A Case of Recurrent Pregnancy-Induced Adult Onset Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially fatal disease primarily of children, characterized by a severe hyperinflammatory state. We describe a case of adult onset familial HLH with a novel exon 19, c.1607G>T (p.Arg536Leu) heterozygous mutation of the UNC13D gene in a 40-year-old woman who developed HLH during her first and second pregnancies, both episodes occurring during the first trimester. Our patient was treated successfully both times with HLH-94 protocol following spontaneous abortions and is currently in the process of getting a bone marrow transplant. We also discuss pregnancy as a potential trigger for late onset familial HLH.
Proof of Sharing in Inter-Operator Spectrum Sharing Markets

Spectrum sharing between cellular operators in the future 5G networks is expected to be a regular phenomena. The accounting of the sharing amount will be an important element for effective inter-operator spectrum sharing. In a recently proposed market where the government subsidizes the operators for sharing their spectrum resources and needs a subsequent verification of which operator shared by how much This verification will help the government to distribute appropriate amount of subsidy to the operators to maximize subscribers’ utility without charging any additional subscription fees. In this paper, we propose two different architectures for measuring spectrum sharing in government subsidized spectrum sharing markets. They are: (1) centralized spectrum manager and (2) cloud-based spectrum manager. In both cases, the spectrum manager records the sharing amount of each participating operator and reports to the government. We call such verification of spectrum sharing as "Proof of Sharing (PoS)", based on which the government finally decides how much subsidy money should be given to a operator.