cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimizing performance and energy in computational grids using non-cooperative game theory

There is a lack of generally applicable methods for reducing energy consumption while ensuring good quality of service in distributed computational grids. We study the energy-aware task allocation problem for assigning a set of tasks onto the machines in a grid environment where the conflicting goals of ensuring quality of service and reducing energy consumption makes the machines compete with each other. We propose bidding mechanisms in which the machines have to win in order to maintain a minimum fitness value and thus remain relevant to the system and hence must try their best to meet the goals. The grid manager keeps only those machines that win and eliminate from the pool the ones that are unfit. The proposed algorithm encompasses bidding strategies, fitness calculations, penalties, exit as well as resurrection mechanisms to support a non-cooperative game in which all machines compete to win tasks. The concept of fitness is fundamental to our algorithm, defining a machine's ability to remain in the system. When heterogeneous machines are part of a shared computing resource pool governed by a grid economy, the proposed approach fits very well for achieving conflicting goals. By simulating several machines with diverse architectures and task sets with varying requirements, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and show that it generates short task makespans and reduced energy consumption. The algorithm is extremely fast, takes highly detailed machine and task characteristics into consideration, and outperforms the Earliest Deadline First Scheme in every aspect.
The HERA-B RICH

Abstract The HERA-B RICH system is described. The system will be made by a C 4 F 10 gaseous radiator, a 11.4 m radius spherical mirror and either TMAE- or CsI-based photon detectors. The overall resolution of the chamber will be good enough to separate pions from kaons on a single-track basis up to 80 GeV/ c .
Treatment of chronic hepatitis B in children: Current status

Acquisition of hepatitis B virus during infancy or childhood leads to the majority of chronic infections responsible for the morbidity associated with this disease. Although most of these infections do not manifest clinically for several decades, some children develop significant liver disease early in life, so some children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are candidates for treatment. Two medications are currently licensed for use in children, and it is anticipated that others will be available in the next several years. Issues regarding treatment of CHB in children include rationale for treatment, patient selection, and pros and cons of the current and expected therapeutic options.
Handling Uncertain Data in Array Database Systems

Scientific and intelligence applications have special data handling needs. In these settings, data does not fit the standard model of short coded records that had dominated the data management area for three decades. Array database systems have a specialized architecture to address this problem. Since the data is typically an approximation of reality, it is important to be able to handle imprecision and uncertainty in an efficient and provably accurate way. We propose a discrete approach for value distributions and adopt a standard metric (i.e., variation distance) in probability theory to measure the quality of a result distribution. We then propose a novel algorithm that has a provable upper bound on the variation distance between its result distribution and the "ideal" one. Complementary to that, we advocate the usage of a "statistical mode" suitable for the results of many queries and applications, which is also much more efficient for execution. We show how the statistical mode also presents interesting predicate evaluation strategies. In addition, extensive experiments are performed on real world datasets to evaluate our algorithms.
Uncertainty propagation using infinite mixture of Gaussian processes and variational Bayesian inference

Uncertainty propagation in flow through porous media problems is a challenging problem. This is due to the high-dimensionality of the random property fields, e.g. permeability and porosity, as well as the computational complexity of the models that are involved. The usual approach is to construct a surrogate response surface and then use it instead of the expensive model to carry out the uncertainty propagation task. However, the construction of the surrogate surface is hampered by various aspects such as the limited number of model evaluations that one can afford, the curse of dimensionality, multi-variate responses with non-trivial correlations, potential localized features of the response and/or discontinuities. In this work, we extend upon the concept of the Multi-output Gaussian Process (MGP) to effectively deal with all of these difficulties simultaneously. This non-trivial extension involves an infinite mixture of MGP's that is trained using variational Bayesian inference. Prior to observing any data, a Dirichlet process is used to generate the components of the MGP mixture. The Bayesian nature of the model allows for the quantification of the uncertainties due to the limited number of simulations, i.e., we can derive error bars for the statistics of interest. The automatic detection of the mixture components by the variational inference algorithm is able to capture discontinuities and localized features without adhering to ad hoc constructions. Finally, correlations between the components of multi-variate responses are captured by the underlying MGP model in a natural way.
How Belletristic Rhetorical Theory in the Liberal Arts Tradition Led to Civic Engagement: Turn-of-the-Century Rhetoric Instruction at Bryn Mawr College

A reconstruction of the required two-year course in composition and rhetoric for all incoming students at Bryn Mawr College at the beginning of the twentieth century, based on archival sources such as college catalogs and related documents, administrative correspondence, and student papers—specifically those by Margery Scattergood, who entered Bryn Mawr in 1913—shows an adherence to the belletristic tradition. The course provided practice in criticism in the Arnoldian sense of the word. The focus on the role of the writer as critic provided Bryn Mawr students with opportunities to engage with issues of public interest.
Effective Vaccination against Long-Term Gammaherpesvirus Latency

The fundamental question of whether a primed immune system is capable of preventing latent gammaherpesvirus infection remains unanswered. Recent studies showing that vaccination can reduce acute replication and short-term latency but cannot alter long-term latency further call into question the possibility of achieving sterilizing immunity against gammaherpesviruses. Using the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68) system, we demonstrate that it is possible to effectively vaccinate against long-term latency. By immunizing mice with a γHV68 mutant virus that is deficient in its ability to reactivate from latency, we reduced latent infection of wild-type challenge virus to a level below the limit of detection. Establishment of latency was inhibited by vaccination regardless of whether mice were challenged intraperitoneally or intranasally. Passive transfer of antibody from vaccinated mice could partially reconstitute the effect, demonstrating that antibody is an important component of vaccination. These results demonstrate the potential of a memory immune response against gammaherpesviruses to alter long-term latency and suggest that limiting long-term latent infection in a clinically relevant situation is an attainable goal.
Fusiform Correlates of Facial Memory in Autism

Prior studies have shown that performance on standardized measures of memory in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is substantially reduced in comparison to matched typically developing controls (TDC). Given reported deficits in face processing in autism, the current study compared performance on an immediate and delayed facial memory task for individuals with ASD and TDC. In addition, we examined volumetric differences in classic facial memory regions of interest (ROI) between the two groups, including the fusiform, amygdala, and hippocampus. We then explored the relationship between ROI volume and facial memory performance. We found larger volumes in the autism group in the left amygdala and left hippocampus compared to TDC. In contrast, TDC had larger left fusiform gyrus volumes when compared with ASD. Interestingly, we also found significant negative correlations between delayed facial memory performance and volume of the left and right fusiform and the left hippocampus for the ASD group but not for TDC. The possibility of larger fusiform volume as a marker of abnormal connectivity and decreased facial memory is discussed.
Fast Recession of a West Antarctic Glacier

Satellite radar interferometry observations of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica, reveal that the glacier hinge-line position retreated 1.2 +/- 0.3 kilometers per year between 1992 and 1996, which in turn implies that the ice thinned by 3.5 +/- 0.9 meters per year. The fast recession of Pine Island Glacier, predicted to be a possible trigger for the disintegration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is attributed to enhanced basal melting of the glacier floating tongue by warm ocean waters.
Modified Atmosphere Packaged Cut Iceberg Lettuce: Effect of Temperature and O2 Partial Pressure on Respiration and Quality

The effect of oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure (pO2 and pCO2, respectively) and temperature on respiratory patterns and quality of cut iceberg lettuce was examined in modified atmosphere (MA) packages. The changes in headspace pO2 of packaged lettuce with time were related to void volume, storage temperature, mass, and decreasing respiration rate. Uptake of O2 was modeled using a Michaelis−Menten-type equation. At 5 and 10 °C, maximum O2 uptakes were 143 and 213 pmol·g-1·s-1 and the pO2 at half-maximal (k1/2) values were 0.26 and 0.19 kPa, respectively. On the basis of ethanol appearance in the headspace, the fermentation induction point was 0.3−0.4 kPa of O2 at 5 °C and 0.6−0.8 kPa of O2 at 10 °C. Acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were detected at <0.4 kPa of O2 at 5, 10, and 20 °C (1 kPa ∼ 1% at STP). The extent of browning increased with headspace pO2 but was not related to headspace pCO2. Keywords: Modified atmosphere packaging; cut iceberg lettuce; color; respiratory patterns; volatile production
A new methodology for evolutionary optimization of energy systems

This paper presents a novel technique to significantly reduce the compute time for evolutionary optimization of systems modeled using CFD. In this scheme the typical roulette selection process is modified with a process in which competing members are represented by a Gaussian fitness distribution obtained from an artificial neural network with a feature weighted general regression neural network to create a universal approximator. This approximator develops a real-time estimate of the final fitness and error bounds during each iteration of the CFD solver. The iteration process continues until the estimated fitness and error bounds indicate that additional iterations will have a small effect on the outcome of the roulette selection process. This reduces the time required for each system call and hence reduces the overall computational time required.
Who said what: Subject positions, rhetorical strategies and good faith

The first part of this paper briefly sketches out the idea of subject position by advancing two general types of subject position, showing how they differ and overlap. The second part discusses subject position as it is employed in argumentation, and specifically how it is used as a rhetorical trope to claim or disclaim legitimacy. The third part offers the concept of “good faith”; to address how future research/theory along these lines may provide useful contributions to rhetorical theory and practice.
Experimental Investigation on Pulsating Horizontal Heating of a Water-Filled Enclosure

Experimental results of the natural convection generated by the time periodic horizontal heating of a square cross-section enclosure filled with water are reported. A pulsating (on/off) heat flux is delivered to the heating wall of the enclosure, with the opposite wall cooled by a high thermal capacitance system. All other surfaces are insulated. Heating periods from 32 to 1600 seconds and cycle-averaged heat-flux based Rayleigh numbers from 2.5 x 10 8 to 1.0 X 10 9 are considered. Results presented in terms of time series, phase-plane portraits, and cyclic evolution of surface-averaged cooling and heating wall temperatures illustrate the main characteristics of the evolution to periodic regime. Also presented are the cycle-averaged heat transfer coefficient versus heating period, and the corresponding average Nusselt number versus Rayleigh number for various heating frequencies.
Combination processes in food irradiation

Abstract Irradiation is emerging as a potential method of food preservation. It is being used to extend the shelf life of raw and processed foods in many countries worldwide. Like all other methods of food preservation, irradiation has a number of limitations. Irradiation, when used alone, can cause the development of undesirable sensory and chemical changes in some foods, depending on the absorbed dose and the conditions of irradiation. One way to prevent these changes is to use irradiation in combination with other methods of food preservation, such as heating, cryogenic temperature and modified-atmosphere or vacuum packaging. These associated processes can make the total food process more labour intensive and time-consuming, resulting in the increased cost of treated products. However, the decreased cost of irradiating at lowered absorbed doses may offset the additional costs of any other process used, depending upon the cost of that process relative to the cost of irradiation. The use of combination processes has been found to inhibit the development of undesirable sensory changes and some chemical changes in foods, making food irradiation a more useful method of food preservation.
Characterizing the Output Process of a CONWIP Line with Deterministic Processing and Random Outages

We model a CONWIP CONstant Work-in-Process production line with deterministic processing times and exponential failure and repair times as a closed queueing network. We derive an approximation for the mean and variance of the output during a specified interval and give computable conditions under which this approximation performs well. We show through empirical tests that the approximation is robust and illustrate its usefulness as the basis for a procedure for selecting an economic production quota and a card count for a CONWIP line.
Pharmacology Advances in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit

New drugs are continuously being developed to enhance care in the neuro ICU. Newer drugs with special implications for the neurologically impaired population include fosphenytoin, tissue plasminogen activator, and propofol. Nurses are challenged to use these drugs in a safe and effective manner.
Steroids from starfish

Abstract Starfish Linckia multifora, Protoreaster nodosus, Protoreaster lincki, Culcita schmideliana, Nardoa variolata and Acanthaster planci were examined for sterols and sapogenins. All asteroids contained cholestanol in addition to C 27 to C 30 mono and diunsaturated sterols. A planci contained largest amounts of 5α-cholesta-9(11), 20(22)-diene-3β, 6α-diol-23-one and 5α-pregn-9(11)-ene-3β,6α-diol-20-one whereas P. nodosus, P. lincki and C. schmideliana contained only small amounts. Neither pregnane nor cholestane genins were detected in L. Multifora and N. variolata .
Understanding dynamic state changes in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Summary:The authors review their work in applying nonlinear dynamics to predict onset of seizures in patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. The underlying mathematical methodology is presented in some detail. To illustrate their approach, they present an extensive discussion of t
Effect of human umbilical cord blood cells on glycemia and insulitis in type 1 diabetic mice

Several studies have shown that transplantation of embryonic stem cells into diabetic animals either improved or normalized blood glucose levels. In this study, we examined the dose-dependent effect of early (prediabetic stage) intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mononuclear cells on blood glucose levels, survival, and insulitis in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with autoimmune type 1 diabetes. The results show that mice treated with HUCB cells significantly lowered their blood glucose levels and increased their lifespan, as compared with untreated mice. Also, a significant reduction in insulitis was observed in treated than in untreated mice. The mice that received the highest dosage (200 x 10(6)) of cells had greater reduction in blood glucose levels and the degree of insulitis than the mice that received lower dosage (100-150 x 10(6)) of cells. Prolonged lifespan in the former group of mice seems to be related to better control of blood glucose levels. Thus, administration of HUCB cells in the prediabetic stage without any immunosuppression improves type 1 diabetes by protecting the islets from insulitis in NOD mice.
Correction of a defect in mammalian GPI anchor biosynthesis by a transfected yeast gene

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) serves as a membrane anchor for a large number of eukaryotic proteins. A genetic approach was used to investigate the biosynthesis of GPI anchor precursors in mammalian cells. T cell hybridoma mutants that cannot synthesize dolichol-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man) also do not express on their surface GPI-anchored proteins such as Thy-1 and Ly-6A. These mutants cannot form mannose-containing GPI precursors. Transfection with the yeast Dol-P-Man synthase gene rescues the synthesis of both Dol-P-Man and mannose-containing GPI precursors, as well as the surface expression of Thy-1 and Ly-6A, suggesting that Dol-P-Man is the donor of at least one mannose residue in the GPI core.
Relations of Delinquency to Direct and Indirect Violence Exposure Among Economically Disadvantaged, Ethnic-Minority Mid-Adolescents

Exposure to violence remains a pervasive public health problem for adolescents in the United States. This cross-sectional study examined relations between exposure to violence in three different contexts (home, school, community) and delinquent behavior, using data from 233 11th graders (predominantly economically disadvantaged Hispanic and African American students). Analyses examined the effects of victimization and witnessing violence in each context and those of cumulative violence exposure across contexts on the outcome, controlling for other risk factors. Victimization and witnessing violence at home significantly predicted delinquency. However, violence exposure in school and neighborhood was unrelated to delinquency. Victimization was marginally more predictive than witnessing violence. Mild support for a nonlinear desensitization effect of cumulative violence exposure was found for delinquency.
Conformational integrity of human α-thrombin

Abstract It is known that storage at pH 6 stabilizes thrombin against inactivation. In order to determine whether structural changes accompany this stabilization, the conformation of human α-thrombin at pH 6.0 and 7.5 was investigated by chemical modification, difference spectroscopy, circular dichrosim, and thermal stability. It was shown that the CD spectra at the 230-200 nm peptide transition were indistinguishable at the two pH values, indicating no differences in the secondary structure as also indicated by the thermal stability of the enzyme at pH 6.0, 7.4 and 8.3. However, differences were observed in the 300-250 nm aromatic transition suggesting some changes in the microenvironment of the aromatic chromophores. Solvent perturbation in 20% ethylene glycol and 20% dimethylsulfoxide showed that at pH 7.5, 4.3 ± 0.3 tryptophan and 8.6 ± 0.4 tyrosine residues were exposed and accessible to the solvent whereas at pH 6.0 these values were 3.6 ± 0.1 tryptophan and 7.8 ± 0.4 tyrosine residues. At pH 7.5, 6.0 ± 0.5 tryptophan residues were found reactive toward dimethyl-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium bromide while 2.5 ± 0.3 were found reactive at pH 6.0. Accompanying these structural changes were ultraviolet absorption and CD spectral changes with transition midpoints at pH 6.45 characteristic of histidine ionization. These spectral changes were lost when α-thrombin was modified by diethylpyrocarbonate but not by N-α-tosyl-L-Lysinechloro-methyl ketone. It is concluded that a second histidine residue, not the active site His-43, is associated with the pH dependent conformational changes at pH 6.0. The ionization of this histidine residue and the accompanying conformational changes could explain the reduced catalytic efficiency and stability of α-thrombin at pH 6.
Endogenous tissue engineering: PTH therapy for skeletal repair

Based on its proven anabolic effects on bone in osteoporosis patients, recombinant parathyroid hormone (PTH1-34) has been evaluated as a potential therapy for skeletal repair. In animals, the effect of PTH1-34 has been investigated in various skeletal repair models such as fractures, allografting, spinal arthrodesis and distraction osteogenesis. These studies have demonstrated that intermittent PTH1-34 treatment enhances and accelerates the skeletal repair process via a number of mechanisms, which include effects on mesenchymal stem cells, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, bone formation and resorption. Furthermore, PTH1-34 has been shown to enhance bone repair in challenged animal models of aging, inflammatory arthritis and glucocorticoid-induced bone loss. This pre-clinical success has led to off-label clinical use and a number of case reports documenting PTH1-34 treatment of delayed-unions and non-unions have been published. Although a recently completed phase 2 clinical trial of PTH1-34 treatment of patients with radius fracture has failed to achieve its primary outcome, largely because of effective healing in the placebo group, several secondary outcomes are statistically significant, highlighting important issues concerning the appropriate patient population for PTH1-34 therapy in skeletal repair. Here, we review our current knowledge of the effects of PTH1-34 therapy for bone healing, enumerate several critical unresolved issues (e.g., appropriate dosing regimen and indications) and discuss the long-term potential of this drug as an adjuvant for endogenous tissue engineering.
Clinical and Research Applications of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

Cardiovascular imaging modalities such as coronary computed tomography, carotid ultrasonography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging are increasingly being used to measure cardiovascular disease progression. Imaging measures, most notably carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), are being applied as surrogate markers for clinical end points such as myocardial infarction and death in clinical trials. Clinicians and their patients are faced with the challenge of evaluating these imaging measures for their efficacy and practicality in clinical practice, as well as in clinical trials. The investigators determined from a review of clinical trials and guidelines that CIMT measurement may be useful in evaluating cardiovascular disease risk in select patient populations but may not always be an appropriate surrogate for clinical end points. In conclusion, although CIMT has clear advantages over alternative cardiovascular imaging modalities, ultimately, prospective trials comparing the effectiveness of CIMT as a predictive tool of cardiovascular risk with that of other novel markers would best direct clinical recommendations for this imaging measure.
Enhanced two-photon absorption in a hollow-core photonic-band-gap fiber

We show that two-photon absorption (TPA) in rubidium atoms can be greatly enhanced by the use of a hollow-core photonic-band-gap fiber. We investigate off-resonant, degenerate Doppler-free TPA on the $5{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{D}_{5/2}$ transition and observe $1%$ absorption of a pump beam with a total power of only 1 mW in the fiber. These results are verified by measuring the amount of emitted blue fluorescence and are consistent with the theoretical predictions which indicate that transit-time effects play an important role in determining the two-photon absorption cross section in a confined geometry.
Inhibition of trypsin and thrombin by amino(4-amidinophenyl)methanephosphonate diphenyl ester derivatives: X-ray structures and molecular models.

X-ray structures of trypsin from bovine pancreas inactivated by diphenyl [N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino](4-amidinophenyl)methanephosphonate [Z-(4-AmPhGly)P(OPh)2] were determined at 113 and 293 K to 1.8 A resolution and refined to R factors of 0.211 (113 K) and 0.178 (293 K). The structures reveal a tetrahedral phosphorus covalently bonded to the Oγ of the active site serine. Covalent bond formation is accompanied by the loss of both phenoxy groups. The d-stereoisomer of Z-(4-AmPhGly)P(OPh)2 is not observed in the complex. The l-stereoisomer of the inhibitor forms contacts with several residues in the trypsin active site. One of the phosphonate oxygens is inserted into the oxyanion hole and forms hydrogen bonds to the amides of Gly193, Asp194, and Ser195. The second phosphonate oxygen forms hydrogen bonds to Ne2 of His 57. The p-amidinophenylglycine moiety binds into the trypsin primary specificity pocket, interacting with Asp189. The amide forms a hydrogen bond to the carbonyl oxygen atom of Ser214. The inh...
Spontaneous calcium transients regulate myofibrillogenesis in embryonic Xenopus myocytes.

Abstract Spontaneous transient elevations of intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) have functional roles in the development ofXenopusspinal neurons. However, less is known about the roles of elevations of Ca2+iin the differentiation of other cell types. We have examinedXenopusmyocytes as a first step in determining if Ca2+itransients are a more general feature of differentiation in excitable cells. We find that cultured myocytes, like neurons, exhibit spontaneous Ca2+itransients during an early developmental period. These transients average 1.4 min in duration and occur at an average frequency of 6/hr in cultures containing myocytes and neurons. Culture conditions can influence transient production; for example, myocyte-enriched cultures have a lower incidence of transient-producing cells. Transients persist in 0-Ca2+medium, indicating that they arise from intracellular stores. Caffeine-sensitive Ca2+stores are present in these cells, and depletion or block of these stores eliminates transient production. To determine if transients play a functional role during development, we blocked their production with intracellular BAPTA, a rapid Ca2+chelator. Cellular differentiation is significantly inhibited only when BAPTA is applied early in development, during the period of transient production, while later BAPTA treatments have no effect. Blocking transient production severely perturbed myofibril organization and sarcomere assembly. However, other aspects of myocyte differentiation were not affected by transient blockade, indicating that not all myogenic differentiation programs are regulated in this manner. Our results suggest that spontaneous Ca2+itransients play a role in cytoskeletal organization during myofibrillogenesis.
Microheterogeneity in yeast invertase.

Abstract Yeast external invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), a glycoenzyme consisting of equal parts by weight of protein and mannan, has been found to contain covalently bound phosphate. Three preparations (from two yeast strains) had mannose/PO 4 ratios of 31–35, equivalent to 24–27 PO 4 residues per mol of enzyme, while a fourth had only 7 PO 4 residues per mol. From one of the high-PO 4 enzymes, approx. 69% of the phosphorus was recovered as mannose 6-phosphate. No correlation was found between invertase activity and phosphorus content. The PO 4 contents of the invertases exceeded those of the cell wall mannans from the respective yeasts. Thus, contamination of the invertases by cell wall phosphomannan is unlikely. Electrofocusing of the low-PO 4 invertase yielded four components with p I values from 3.96 to 4.40, and yeast internal invertase (a mannan- and PO 4 -free, cytoplasmic isozyme) was isoelectric at approx. pH 4.5. The high-PO 4 invertase was considerably more heterogeneous, with two major species of p I 3.65 and 3.32 and a highly acidic component of p I 4 ratio of each species was approximately the same. PO 4 -gradient elution from hydroxyapatite resolved the high-PO 4 invertase into five isozymes of increasing acidity and mannan content. Since the mannose/PO 4 ratios of these invertase species are constant, the increase in the mannan/protein (and, therefore PO 4 /protein) ratio is apparently responsible for the microheterogeneity of phosphoinvertase.
Comparison of the enzymatic composition of cell-free extracts of non-aflatoxigenicAspergillus parasiticus with respect to late stages of aflatoxin biosynthesis

Cell-free extracts of fungal mycelia of two non-aflatoxigenic isolates ofAspergillus parasiticus (SRRC 163 and SRRC 2043) were examined for enzyme activities involved in the latter stages of aflatoxin biosynthesis. Post-microsomal fractions (105 Kxg supernatant) of both SRRC 163 (ATTC 56774) and SRRC 2043 were able to convert sterigmatocystin (ST) toO-methylsterigmatocystin (OMST); whereas the microsomal (105 Kxg pellet) preparation of only SRRC 163 was able to convert OMST to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A mixture of the microsomal fraction of SRRC 163 and post-microsomal fraction of SRRC 2043 converted ST to AFB1. Electrophoretic protein separations of the microsomal fractions of the twoA. parasiticus isolates on non-denaturing or denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) provided equivalent protein profiles.
Expression of α-, β-, and γ-synuclein in glial tumors and medulloblastomas

α-, β- and γ-synuclein are highly homologous proteins that are found predominantly in neurons. Abnormal accumulation of synucleins has been associated with diseases of the central nervous system particularly Parkinson's disease. Immunoreactivity of α-synuclein is demonstrated in brain tumors with neuronal differentiation and in schwannomas, whereas γ-synuclein has been demonstrated in breast and ovarian carcinomas. The immunoreactivity of synucleins has not been described in glial tumors. Immunoreactivity of synucleins in glial cells in culture and in pathological conditions, however, suggests that synucleins may be expressed by glial tumors. We studied the expression of α-, β-, and γ-synuclein in 84 human brain tumors (24 ependymomas, 31 astrocytomas, 8 oligodendrogliomas, and 21 medulloblastomas) by immunohistochemistry. Our study demonstrates immunoreactivity for γ-synuclein in high-grade glial tumors; immunoreactivity is found in all anaplastic ependymomas but in only 33% of ependymomas and 16% of myxopapillary ependymomas. Immunoreactivity for γ-synuclein is noted in 63% of glioblastomas but not in other astrocytic tumors. Of medulloblastomas, 76% have immunoreactivity for either α- or β-synuclein or both; no immunoreactivity for γ-synuclein is seen in medulloblastomas.
Integration of mTOR and estrogen–ERK2 signaling in lymphangioleiomyomatosis pathogenesis

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a destructive lung disease of women associated with the metastasis of tuberin-null cells with hyperactive mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. Clinical trials with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin have revealed partial efficacy but are not curative. Pregnancy appears to exacerbate LAM, suggesting that estrogen (E2) may play a role in the unique features of LAM. Using a LAM patient-derived cell line (bearing biallelic Tuberin inactivation), we demonstrate that E2 stimulates a robust and biphasic activation of ERK2 and transcription of the late response-gene Fra1 associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In a carefully orchestrated collaboration, activated mTORC1/S6K1 signaling enhances the efficiency of Fra1 translation of Fra1 mRNA transcribed by the E2–ERK2 pathway, through the phosphorylation of the S6K1-dependent eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B. Our results indicate that targeting the E2–ERK pathway in combination with the mTORC1 pathway may be an effective combination therapy for LAM.
Hemiplegia following bradycardia and cardiac standstill

Abstract Two cases of hemiplegia are reported; one patient had auricutoventricular rhythm, and the other, complete heart block. The latter patient came to autopsy, and widespread encephalomalacia in the area supplied by the middle cerebral artery was found. No thrombi were found in the arteries. The obstruction may have been in the artery in its course through the carotid canal or the cavernous sinus.
Extension of the Kubo formula for the electrical-conductivity tensor to arbitrary polarizations of the electric field.

It is shown that there are two different electrical-conductivity tensors which may be defined naturally by the relation J=\ensuremath{\sigma}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\cdot}E. The \ensuremath{\sigma}${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathrm{Kubo}}$ given by the standard Kubo formula is different, in general, from the \ensuremath{\sigma}${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathrm{max}}$ appearing in Maxwell's equations, although they do agree if the electric field is transverse (q\ensuremath{\cdot}E=0). It is also shown how the Kubo formula may be modified to give \ensuremath{\sigma}${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}_{\mathrm{max}}$ when the field is not transverse.
In vivo effects of histone H3 depletion on nucleosome occupancy and position in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Previous studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae established that depletion of histone H4 results in the genome-wide transcriptional de-repression of hundreds of genes. To probe the mechanism of this transcriptional de-repression, we depleted nucleosomes in vivo by conditional repression of histone H3 transcription. We then measured the resulting changes in transcription by RNA–seq and in chromatin organization by MNase–seq. This experiment also bears on the degree to which trans-acting factors and DNA–encoded elements affect nucleosome position and occupancy in vivo. We identified ∼60,000 nucleosomes genome wide, and we classified ∼2,000 as having preferentially reduced occupancy following H3 depletion and ∼350 as being preferentially retained. We found that the in vivo influence of DNA sequences that favor or disfavor nucleosome occupancy increases following histone H3 depletion, demonstrating that nucleosome density contributes to moderating the influence of DNA sequence on nucleosome formation in vivo. To identify factors important for influencing nucleosome occupancy and position, we compared our data to 40 existing whole-genome data sets. Factors associated with promoters, such as histone acetylation and H2A.z incorporation, were enriched at sites of nucleosome loss. Nucleosome retention was linked to stabilizing marks such as H3K36me2. Notably, the chromatin remodeler Isw2 was uniquely associated with retained occupancy and altered positioning, consistent with Isw2 stabilizing histone–DNA contacts and centering nucleosomes on available DNA in vivo. RNA–seq revealed a greater number of de-repressed genes (∼2,500) than previous studies, and these genes exhibited reduced nucleosome occupancy in their promoters. In summary, we identify factors likely to influence nucleosome stability under normal growth conditions and the specific genomic locations at which they act. We find that DNA–encoded nucleosome stability and chromatin composition dictate which nucleosomes will be lost under conditions of limiting histone protein and that this, in turn, governs which genes are susceptible to a loss of regulatory fidelity.
Mathematical experimentation in time-lag modulation

Equations of the form du/dt = g(u(t), u(h(t))) arise in a number of scientific contexts. The authors point out some interesting properties of the solution of u′(t) = -u(t - 1 - k sin ot) + sin at. These properties were obtained by means of numerical solution.
EFFECTS OF SELF-TAPE RECORDING ON SELF-AWARENESS IN A CONTEXT OF SELF-COUNSELING

Clinical evidence suggests that self-tape recording and listening is a useful technique for enhancing awareness in self-counseling. The question arises as to the roles of talking and listening in the process. This study experimentally compared the effects on self-awareness of three group experiences of “Talk and Listen,” “Talk Only” and “Listen Only,” using 90 graduate students in counseling as subjects. A set of self-awareness scales which utilize core conditions of counseling measured self-awareness in subjects of self-facilitation and self-initiation, following the group experiences. Analysis of variance showed significant differences favoring the “Talk and Listen” experiences over the other two experiences in both self-facilitation and self-initiation. It was concluded that self-tape recording and listening may be a moderately powerful self-counseling technique for producing psychological states which are related to therapeutic movement. It is suggested that self-tape recording is worthy of further in...
Registration of Soybean Germplasm Lines LG97–7012, LG98–1445, and LG98–1605

Soyabean germplasm lines LG97-7012, LG98-1445 and LG98-1605 were cooperatively developed and released in 2001 by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station for use as parental lines in yield improvement programmes. LG97-7012, an F6 selection from LG89-1525 × 'A3322', has indeterminate stem termination, white flowers, grey pubescence, tan pods, yellow seed coat and buff hilum colour. LG98-1445, an F6 selection from LG91-7431 × 'Pioneer 9273', has indeterminate stem termination, purple flowers, tawny pubescence, brown pods, yellow seed coat and black hilum colour. LG98-1605, an F6 selection from LG88-8958 × LG89-771, has indeterminate stem termination, white flowers, tawny pubescence, brown pods, yellow seed coat and yellow hilum colour. These maturity group II and III lines combine high yield with unique genetic diversity not currently present in the commercially used gene pool in the USA.
Tensorial strength analysis of paperboard

Tensorial-type failure criteria with linear and quadratic terms are used to calculate the strength of paperboard under plane stress. Theoretical predictions and experimental data are correlated in all four quadrants of biaxial normal stress with various levels of shear. Several methods are examined for determining the interaction coefficientF12. Comparisons are made with optimum values obtained from least-squares analyses. The best analytical-experimental agreement at all levels of shear is obtained approximately by using coefficientF12 equal to zero. The sensitivity ofF12 to errors in experimental input data is also studied. Reliable correlation with experiment, as well as operational simplicity, make these criteria attractive for predicting the strength of paperboard.
Outlook for 157-nm Resist Designs

We have measured the transparencies of a number of candidate resist materials for 157nm, with an emphasis on determining which chemical platforms would allow resists to be used at maximum thicknesses while meeting requirements for optical density. Assuming an ideal resist optical density of 0.4, our findings show that all existing commercially available resists would need to be<60nm thick, whereas specialized hydrocarbon resists could be made 100nm thick, and new resists based on hydrofluorocarbons, siloxanes, and/or silsesquioxanes could be engineered to be used in thicknesses approaching 200nm. We also assess the tradeoff between these thicknesses and what current information exists regarding defects as a function of resist thickness.
Fusion yield rate recovery by escaping hot-spot fast ions in the neighboring fuel layer

Free-streaming loss by fast ions can deplete the tail population in the hot spot of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target. Escaping fast ions in the neighboring fuel layer of a cryogenic target can produce a surplus of fast ions locally. In contrast to the Knudsen layer effect that reduces hot-spot fusion reactivity due to tail ion depletion, the inverse Knudsen layer effect increases fusion reactivity in the neighboring fuel layer. In the case of a burning ICF target in the presence of significant hydrodynamic mix which aggravates the Knudsen layer effect, the yield recovery largely compensates for the yield reduction. For mix-dominated sub-ignition targets, the yield reduction is the dominant process.
Strong Singularity Reduction for Curved Patches for the Integral Equations of Electromagnetics

A method for weakening strong singularity contributions to the integral equations of electromagnetics is demonstrated. The remaining weakly singular integral derived after the reduction can be computed by any suitable method. Numerical results demonstrate that the singularity reduction method converges and that the new integration method can be used in high-order moment method or Nystrm codes without any adverse effect on their accuracy.
Reengineering and Knowledge Management

This paper investigates some of the relationships between reengineering and knowledge management, with particular emphasis on sequencing relationships between reengineering and knowledge management. This is done using four basic approaches. First the paper explores how some knowledge management computing artifacts can be reengineered. Second, the paper traces the interaction between reengineering and knowledge management in typical organizational projects, illustrating the importance of sequence, and extending the results with a real world example. Third, the impact of reengineering on ontologies and knowledge bases is briefly reviewed. Fourth, issues that differentiate reengineering knowledge management systems and typical transaction processing flows are analyzed. Finally, simultaneous reengineering and knowledge management are investigated.
Distinguishing Indirect Signatures of New Physics at the NLC: Z' Versus R-Parity Violation

R-parity violation and extensions of the Standard Model gauge structure offer two non-minimal realizations of supersymmetry at low energies that can lead to similar new physics signatures at existing and future colliders. We discuss techniques that can be employed at the NLC below direct production threshold to distinguish these two new physics scenarios.
Sample stacking with in-column silylation for less volatile polar compounds using GC-MS

This paper presents sample stacking with in-column silylation (SIS) for quantitative analysis of less volatile polar compounds using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This was achieved by the combination of sandwiched in-column silylation and multiple injections (up to 100 times or 100 μL in total). N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) was used as a silylating reagent. For the SIS technique, samples were introduced multiple N times (N = 2~100) into a capillary column in between BSTFA injections. The quantitative characteristic of SIS technique was studied using bisphenol A (BPA) as a model compound. The sandwiched in-column silylation for the less volatile polar compounds effectively replaced polar hydrogen with trimethylsilyl group to reduce sample adsorption and band broadening. Meanwhile, multiple injections at the SIS technique contributed to increase the sensitivity quantitatively. The capability and limitation of this analytical approach were further investigated with various types of compounds such as hydroxyls, carboxylic acids, and amine.
Follicular Adenoma and Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland

Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid gland include benign follicular adenoma and follicular carcinoma. Currently, a follicular carcinoma cannot be distinguished from a follicular adenoma based on cytologic, sonographic, or clinical features alone. The pathogenesis of follicular carcinoma may be related to iodine deficiency and various oncogene and/or microRNA activation. Advances in molecular testing for genetic mutations may soon allow for preoperative differentiation of follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma. Until then, a patient with a follicular neoplasm should undergo a diagnostic thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy, which is definitive treatment for a benign follicular adenoma or a minimally invasive follicular cancer. Additional therapy is necessary for invasive follicular carcinoma including completion thyroidectomy, postoperative radioactive iodine ablation, whole body scanning, and thyrotropin suppressive doses of thyroid hormone. Less than 10% of patients with follicular carcinoma will have lymph node metastases, and a compartment-oriented neck dissection is reserved for patients with macroscopic disease. Regular follow-up includes history and physical examination, cervical ultrasound and serum TSH, and thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin antibody levels. Other imaging studies are reserved for patients with an elevated serum thyroglobulin level and a negative cervical ultrasound. Systemic metastases most commonly involve the lung and bone and less commonly the brain, liver, and skin. Microscopic metastases are treated with high doses of radioactive iodine. Isolated macroscopic metastases can be resected with an improvement in survival. The overall ten-year survival for patients with minimally invasive follicular carcinoma is 98% compared with 80% in patients with invasive follicular carcinoma.
Using Internet Tools as an Enhancement of C2 Teaching and Learning

In spite of many efforts and contributions from previous researchers, the need for a creative approach in using combined Internet tools for C2 learning has not been found. This pilot study shows that the use of Internet resources is a meaningful way to integrate language and culture that provides opportunities for students to learn about the target culture while using E-mail to discuss cultural aspects with native speakers. In addition, the use of the Internet and E-mail increased students' interest and motivation for learning C2 and L2 in a dynamic rather than passive way. Foreign language teachers should be encouraged to explore and experiment with the Internet to fully exploit the possibilities for language learning by means of this resource that opens pathways to authentic materials and dynamic communications with native speakers around the world.
A Sliding Mode Control Using Brain Limbic System Control Strategy for a Robotic Manipulator

This paper presents a robust bio-inspired sliding mode control approach, designed to achieve a favourable tracking performance in a class of robotic manipulators with uncertainties. To this end, br...