cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moment Tensor Representation of Surface Wave Sources

Summary The equations representing Love and Rayleigh waves due to point sources are derived as linear combinations of the moment tensor elements. Using an analogy in free oscillation excitation, exact expressions for the wavenumber transform of the expansion coefficients are obtained in the case of a step function source time history. The solution to the well-known problem of Love and Rayleigh wave propagation from a point source in a layered elastic half-space can be expressed as a linear combination of the moment tensor elements. The advantages to such an approach are: (1) that the expansion is linear and therefore amenable to the stochastic least-squares estimation procedure (Foster 1961) and (2) that the expansion is complete consisting of monopole, dipole and quadrupole terms (Knopoff & Randall 1970) which ensures reliability in the estimated source parameters. An easy way to demonstrate this expansion is to merge the moment tensor formalism of Gilbert (1 970) with the vector harmonic expressions given by Saito (1967). The Love and Rayleigh wave problems separate out onto vector components when written in terms of the vector cylindrical harmonics. These are:
β-Amyloid converts an acute phase injury response to chronic injury responses

Abstract As the brain ages, amyloid deposits accumulate and, as these deposits condense into a β-sheet conformation, they contribute to the organization of cellular responses and maintain a chronic level of stimulation and injury. Furthermore, accompanying reactions can lead to the production of additional β-amyloid, the build up of additional fibrillar β-amyloid, and prolongation of the response. As it accumulates, β-amyloid appears to develop properties that drive many signal transduction processes in the classic injury cascade and also activate complement, which results in an amplified β-amyloid AD cascade. In this way several mechanisms, although apparently independent proceed in parallel, reinforce each other, and perpetuate pathology and structural damage to the brain. Specifically, we suggest that via the activation of complement, initiation, and perpetuation of other cascades, and its own direct toxic actions, β-amyloid converts an acute response to injury into a chronic damaging inflammatory reaction thereby contributing to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration.
Preference Markets for Innovation Ranking and Selection

Companies face constant challenges to appropriately rank and select innovative technologies for potential strategic investments, and they have used many methodologies to help them with this task; however, these existing processes have several limitations. This paper showcases how information preference markets can be structured and implemented to rank and select these technologies. We demonstrate the market process for a leading company in the Fortune 100 companies list. The results are encouraging and have persuaded the company to make a significant financial commitment to expand its use of preference markets. The work we present here offers readers a step-by-step illustration of how to develop and use preference markets in industry settings.
On optimal control problems with general boundary conditions

It is shown that the necessary optimality conditions for optimal control problems with terminal constraints and with given initial state allow also to obtain in a straightforward way the necessary optimality conditions for problems involving parameters and general (mixed) boundary conditions. In a similar manner, the corresponding numerical algorithms can be adapted to handle this class of optimal control problems.
TDR-inspection of vast tracts of forests or plants. Tract of plants as an environmental hazard detector

A new method to monitor vast tracts of plants and forests was introduced in the former USSR in the 80's and was developed later in the USA. The method is based on a Time Domain Reflectometer, TDR, which deals with propagating a flat electromagnetic wave initiated by an electric pulse traveling along an electric line. While propagating, the pulse experiences reflections from the heterogeneities of the line, which is displayed on the screen of TDR-instrument.
Antimalarial Drug Therapy: The Role of Parasite Biology and Drug Resistance

Malaria continues to affect public health and economic growth in many regions of the world. The number of infections continues to rise and is associated with increased mortality, despite basic science and public health efforts. Drug therapy remains the mainstay of treatment and prevention of this disease. Plasmodium has a complex life cycle involving an arthropod vector and distinct stages within the human host. Each parasite stage plays a unique role in transmission, disease, and latency. These different stages may vary in their response to the various antimalarial compounds. This article will review antimalarial therapies and drug resistance in the context of the parasites' biology.
Gossip-based spectral clustering of distributed data streams

With the growth of the Internet, social networks, and other distributed systems, there is an abundance of data about user transactions, network traffic, social interactions, and other areas that is available for analysis. Extracting knowledge from this data has become a growing field of research recently, especially as the size of the data makes traditional data mining methods ineffective. Some approaches assume the data is at a central location or a complete set of data is available for analysis. However, many modern-day applications consume distributed data streams. The dataset is spread across multiple locations and each location only has access to a portion of the data stream. We propose a distributed data stream analysis method, which uses hierarchical clustering for local online summary, a gossip protocol for distributing these summaries, and spectral clustering for offline analysis. The resulting solution successfully avoids the heavy computation and communication capability requirements of a centralized approach. Through experiments, we have demonstrated that the proposed solution is able to accurately cluster the data streams and is highly scalable. Its quality significantly increases as the number of microcluster increases, yet it is fault-tolerant when this number is small. Finally, it has achieved a similar level of accuracy when compared with a centralized approach.
Modulation of cortical midline structures by implicit and explicit self-relevance evaluation

Recent neuroimaging work has observed activity in cortical midline structures (CMS) such as medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices during self-referential processing. Moreover, items rated as self-relevant produce increased activity in these regions relative to items that are deemed not self-relevant. A common thread among previous reports has been reliance on experimental tasks that encourage or require online self-referential processing. In this paper, we report findings from two experiments that manipulated requirements for self-reflection. In Experiment 1, subjects rated trait adjectives for social desirability and for self-relevance. Results revealed increasing activity in CMS with increasing self-relevance, but only during explicit ratings of self-relevance. In Experiment 2, we examined CMS activity during passive viewing of personal semantic facts (such as subjects' own first names). Taken together, these results suggest that highly self-relevant information captures attention through neural mechanisms that are comparable to those engaged during explicit self-reflection, namely via recruitment of CMS structures.
Curriculum-Based Behavioral Interventions for Preschool Children with Handicaps:

A model for developing system-wide interventions for behavioral and social skill deficits in preschool children with handicaps is discussed. The model incorporates a comprehensive, curriculum-based approach to assessment and program planning. The curriculum-based approach provides a structure for planning behavioral and social interventions. It requires a developmentally sound, competency-based, didactic approach to teaching behavioral and social skills in preschool classrooms. Limitations of the model and of the available curriculum-based assessment instruments for use in planning behavioral interventions are discussed.
Elevation-Dependent Trends in Precipitation Observed during NAME

Radar data from the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) enhanced observing period were used to investigate diurnal trends and vertical structure of precipitating features relative to local terrain. Two-dimensional composites of reflectivity and rain rate, created from the two Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (SMN; Mexican Weather Service) C-band Doppler radars and NCAR’s S-band polarimetric Doppler radar (S-Pol), were divided into four elevation groups: over water, 0–1000 m (MSL), 1000–2000 m, and greater than 2000 m. Analysis of precipitation frequency and average rainfall intensity using these composites reveals a strong diurnal trend in precipitation similar to that observed by the NAME Event Rain Gauge Network. Precipitation occurs most frequently during the afternoon over the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO), with the peak frequency moving over the lower elevations by evening. Also, the precipitation events over the lower elevations are less frequent but of greater intensity (rain rate) than those over the SMO. Precipitation echoes were partitioned into convective and stratiform components to allow for examination of vertical characteristics of convection using data from S-Pol. Analyses of reflectivity profiles and echo-top heights confirm that convection over the lower terrain is more intense and vertically developed than convection over the SMO. Warm-cloud depths, estimated from the Colorado State University–NAME upper-air and surface gridded analyses are, on average, 2 times as deep over the lower terrain as compared with over the SMO. Using a simplified stochastic model for drop growth, it is shown that these differences in warm-cloud depths could possibly explain the observed elevation-dependent trends in precipitation intensity.
Localization based on visibility sectors using range sensors

Presents a rapid localization method for mobile robots. Localization, i.e., absolute position measurement, is an important issue since odometer errors render it impossible for any robot to precisely follow a specified trajectory, resulting in a growing difference between the actual configuration and the calculated configuration as the robot travels. Periodic localization is required to correct these errors. We propose a localization method using range sensor data which is based on simple geometric properties of the environment. In many common situations, information regarding the environment is provided a priori for path planning. During processing, the method proposed here utilizes this information to partition the workspace into sectors using simple visibility computations, and a small identifying label is computed for each sector. The localizer analyzes range sensor readings (distances) and extracts characteristic points, which are compared with the pre-computed sector labels to localize the robot, first to a sector, and then to a particular configuration within that sector. Advantages of this two step process are that it is computationally very simple, and that it allows precise localization without any landmarks from any configuration in the environment. This localization method also provides opportunities for the global navigation procedure to analyze and select trajectories in terms of their tolerance to localization errors.
The route of priming influences the ability of respiratory virus–specific memory CD8+ T cells to be activated by residual antigen

After respiratory virus infections, memory CD8+ T cells are maintained in the lung airways by a process of continual recruitment. Previous studies have suggested that this process is controlled, at least in the initial weeks after virus clearance, by residual antigen in the lung-draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs). We used mouse models of influenza and parainfluenza virus infection to show that intranasally (i.n.) primed memory CD8+ T cells possess a unique ability to be reactivated by residual antigen in the MLN compared with intraperitoneally (i.p.) primed CD8+ T cells, resulting in the preferential recruitment of i.n.-primed memory CD8+ T cells to the lung airways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the inability of i.p.-primed memory CD8+ T cells to access residual antigen can be corrected by a subsequent i.n. virus infection. Thus, two independent factors, initial CD8+ T cell priming in the MLN and prolonged presentation of residual antigen in the MLN, are required to maintain large numbers of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells in the lung airways.
A Wireless Intracranial Brain Deformation Sensing System for Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been linked to a multitude of delayed-onset neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, but complete understanding of their pathogenesis remains elusive. To develop mechanistic relationships between bTBI and post-blast neurological sequelae, it is imperative to characterize the initiating traumatic mechanical events leading to eventual alterations of cell, tissue, and organ structure and function. This paper presents a wireless sensing system capable of monitoring the intracranial brain deformation in real-time during the event of a bTBI. The system consists of an implantable soft magnet and an external head-mounted magnetic sensor that is able to measure the field in three dimensions. The change in the relative position of the soft magnet WITH respect to the external sensor as the result of the blast wave induces changes in the magnetic field. The magnetic field data in turn is used to extract the temporal and spatial motion of the brain under the blast wave in real-time. The system has temporal and spatial resolutions of 5 μs and 10 μm. Following the characterization and validation of the sensor system, we measured brain deformations in a live rodent during a bTBI.
Abstract 396: Nanoscale Extracellular Matrix Alters Endothelial Function Under Disturbed Flow

With 25 million Americans suffering from at least one clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis, there is a pressing need to better understand the biological basis for the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells (EC) that form the inner lining of blood vessels are primarily responsible for resisting atherosclerotic lesion formation. Although hemodynamic shear stress has been thought to be the dominant modulator of EC function, spatial patterning cues from nanoscale extracellular matrices (ECMs) that underlie the endothelium may play an equally important role. Therefore, the goal of this work was to examine how modulation of EC alignment using ECM nanopatterning cues modulates the formation of atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that ECs are more responsive to aligned nanopatterning cues than to disturbed flow, and can resist functional changes associated with atherosclerosis in the presence of disturbed flow. ECs were cultured on fibrillar scaffolds with nanotopography to either induce longitudinal alignment of ECs to mimic the morphology of healthy ECs, or to cause ECs to orient randomly (control) to mimic pathological ECs. ECs were then exposure to disturbed flow for 24 hours. Time-lapse microscopy and F-actin staining were used to quantify migration velocities and cellular orientation. ECs on aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds were induced to align along the direction of the fibrils, even after exposure to disturbed flow, and demonstrated a 2-fold decrease in migrational velocities, compared to randomly oriented ECs. This data suggests that nanoscale cues from aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds direct cell morphology and motility. Functional effects of nanofibrillar organization to resist inflammation, revealed a 2-fold decrease in monocyte adhesion on aligned ECs compared to randomly-oriented ECs, suggesting that ECs on aligned nanofibrillar scaffolds were less prone to atherosclerosis. These results were validated by analysis of inflammatory and shear-mediated markers (NFKB, ICAM, KLF2). This work reveals fundamental insights into the role of nanoscale ECM cues on early events of atherosclerosis, and has important translational potential in the generation of aligned nanofibrillar vascular grafts that resist lesion formation.
Taxonomy and stratigraphy of selected Cenozoic benthic foraminifera, Canadian Atlantic margin

Thirteen benthic foraminiferal species from Cenozoic sediments of the Canadian Atlantic margin have been assigned new names, based on close examination and comparison of published descriptions, illustrations and where possible, type material. New names are proposed for species of Alabamina, Cibicidoides, Lenticulina, Nodosaria, Plectofrondicularia, Quadrimorphina and Uvigerina. Some of these species are important local stratigraphic markers, others consistently occur in certain types of foraminiferal assemblages. In particular, species of Nodosaria, Plectofrondicularia and Quadrimorphina are usually seen in assemblages composed of primarily agglutinated taxa. Several Lenticulina species often appear together, dominating a common Neogene foraminiferal facies.
For the Love of the Game: Why 'Amateurism' Is a Farce! An Article on the Fail of O’Bannon

This article revisits and applies the Rule of Reason set out in the O’Bannon case to make a case for allowing compensation payments for NCAA Division I men’s basketball and football players. First, the comment gives a brief history of the NCAA and the ever-changing role of amateurism in college sports. Second, the comment addresses the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980 and how it has come to play a large role in college sports since the NCAA began making millions of dollars from its sports teams beginning in the 1980’s when popularity in college sports increased exponentially. Third, this comment looks at the lower court’s groundbreaking decision that would have allowed a maximum of $5,000 in deferred compensation payments to the college athletes, available upon leaving school. Fourth, this comment looks at the failure of the 9th Circuit to uphold the decision allowing deferred compensation payments, despite proof that the NCAA was in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, and was in fact, restraining trade. Finally, and most importantly, this comment addresses two problems with the 9th Circuit’s decision. First, despite the NCAA’s claim that its primary objective is to educate the players, it seems more apparent that the NCAA’s primary objective is to bring in as much money as possible. Second, the NCAA’s profit restrictions on its players amount to player exploitation. The author recommends allowing the players control of their own name, image, and likeness (NIL), and freedom to obtain endorsements, which would excuse the schools from the obligation to pay deferred compensation.
Playing the Students' Central Role to Build Harmonious Teaching Mode—Discussion on the Improvement of the Theoretical Mechanics Teaching

To improve the quality in teaching the subject of theoretical mechanics,we must change the traditional teacher-centered style to student-centered one.This paper puts forward some practical remedy measures and solutions in the teaching methods,the teaching ways and the test rules.
Behavior Analysis of Zero-Sequence Power Direction Component for Multi-Circuit Transmission Lines in Different Voltage Classes on Same Tower

Fault types occurred in multi-circuit transmission lines with different voltage classes on the same tower are various,and the zero-sequence mutual induction among the lines will affect the behavior and performance of zero-sequence power direction component.Taking four-circuit transmission lines in different voltage classes on the same tower for example,the behaviors of zero-sequence power direction component under following fault conditions,namely the faults occurred in single circuit line,the cross-country fault occurred in the lines in the same voltage class,the cross-country fault occurred in the lines belonging to different voltage classes and the complex fault occurred in the lines belonging to different voltage classes,are analyzed.For multi-circuit transmission lines with different voltage classes on the same tower,to analyze the behaviors of zero-sequence power direction component under cross-country fault occurred in the lines belonging to different voltage classes,the multi-circuit transmission lines in different voltage classes can be divided into several lines belonging to same voltage classes and processes individually.Theoretical analysis shows that the main influence of zero-sequence mutual induction on zero-sequence power direction component is that when faulty lines are in the strong-magnetic and weak-electric condition,malfunction of zero-sequence power direction component occurs.On this basis,by use of RTDS software a certain four-circuit transmission lines respectively belonging to 1 000 kV and 500 kV power grids on the same tower is simulated,and simulation results prove that the results of theoretical analysis are correct.
The Research of Relationship between Body Mass Index and Physical Function of Students

This paper analyzes body mass index and physical function of students of North China University in 2003 using the method of literature investigation,correlation test,etc.The results show that: The value of body mass index tends to negative correlation significantly with vital capacity index;tends to no correlation with Stair test index and queit pulse.
Molecular Basis of Symbiosis

Something there is that likes symbioses, particularly of the mutualistic kind. Leaping across phylogenetic abysses, these associations endow the partners with astounding adaptive skills. Symbioses explain certain evolutionary successes that lead to the acquisition of complex functions, plausibly from earliest life and on to the origin of eukaryotic cells. The extent of symbiotic relationships and their role in evolution and ecology is being increasingly appreciated. In Lynn Margulis's words, this is a “symbiotic planet.” But in addition, mutualistic symbioses in particular appeal to both the aesthetic and imaginative sense of life. Symbioses make great stories.
Electrosleep therapy: a controlled study of its effects in anxiety neurosis.

This study has investigated the effects of electrosleep treatment, or cerebral electrotherapy (CET) on the symptoms of ten subjects with anxiety neurosis. A blind crossover experimental design, in ...
CDK-1 Inhibition in G2 Stabilizes Kinetochore-Microtubules in the following Mitosis

Cell proliferation is driven by cyclical activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which produce distinct biochemical cell cycle phases. Mitosis (M phase) is orchestrated by CDK-1, complexed with mitotic cyclins. During M phase, chromosomes are segregated by a bipolar array of microtubules called the mitotic spindle. The essential bipolarity of the mitotic spindle is established by the kinesin-5 Eg5, but factors influencing the maintenance of spindle bipolarity are not fully understood. Here, we describe an unexpected link between inhibiting CDK-1 before mitosis and bipolar spindle maintenance. Spindles in human RPE-1 cells normally collapse to monopolar structures when Eg5 is inhibited at metaphase. However, we found that inhibition of CDK-1 in the G2 phase of the cell cycle improved the ability of RPE-1 cells to maintain spindle bipolarity without Eg5 activity in the mitosis immediately after release from CDK-1 inhibition. This improved bipolarity maintenance correlated with an increase in the stability of kinetochore-microtubules, the subset of microtubules that link chromosomes to the spindle. The improvement in bipolarity maintenance after CDK-1 inhibition in G2 required both the kinesin-12 Kif15 and increased stability of kinetochore-microtubules. Consistent with increased kinetochore-microtubule stability, we find that inhibition of CDK-1 in G2 impairs mitotic fidelity by increasing the incidence of lagging chromosomes in anaphase. These results suggest that inhibition of CDK-1 in G2 causes unpredicted effects in mitosis, even after CDK-1 inhibition is relieved.
Brain-mind states: I. Longitudinal field study of sleep/wake factors influencing mentation report length.

Study objectives To collect and analyze reports of mental activity across sleep/wake states. Design Mentation reports were collected in a longitudinal design by combining our Nightcap sleep monitor with daytime experience sampling techniques. Reports were collected over 14 days and nights from active and quiet wake, after instrumental awakenings at sleep onset, and after both spontaneous and instrumental awakenings from REM and NREM sleep. Setting All reports were collected in the normal home, work and school environments of the subjects. Participants Subjects included 8 male and 8 female undergraduate students (19-26 years of age). Interventions N/A. Measurements and results A total of 1,748 reports, averaging 109 per subject, were collected from active wake across the day (n=894), from quiet wake in the pre-sleep onset period (n=58), from sleep onset (n=280), and from later REM (n=269) and nonREM (n=247) awakenings. Median report lengths varied more than 2-fold, in the order REM > active wake > quiet wake > NREM = sleep onset. The extended protocol allowed many novel comparisons between conditions. In addition, while spontaneous REM reports were longer than those from forced awakenings, the difference was explained by the time within the REM period at which the awakenings occurred. Finally, intersubject differences in REM report lengths were correlated with similar differences in waking report lengths. Conclusions The use of the Nightcap sleep monitoring system along with waking experience sampling permits a more complete sampling and analysis of mental activity across the sleep/wake cycle than has been previously possible.
Coleman, Marilyn, Lawrence H. Ganong, and Kelly Warzinik. FAMILY LIFE IN 20th CENTURY AMERICA

Coleman, Marilyn, Lawrence H. Ganong, and Kelly Warzinik. FAMILY LIFE IN 20TH CENTURY AMERICA. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 2007. 324 pp. $65.00 US. ISBN 13:978-0-313-33656-9 ISBN 10:0-313-33356-4.A major strength of this book in the Greenwood "Family Life through History" series is that it provides a broad overview of family change in the United States throughout the 20th century. This is no small task. As noted in the opening sentence of the first chapter, "remarkable changes and happenings occur over the space of 100 years." The book covers a broad range of topics, including family transitions; work and families; the roles and experiences of women, men, children, and adolescents in families; and families as a locus of interpersonal violence. In addition to these topics found in most discussions of families, the book also examines issues as wide ranging as how family rituals have changed over time, historical patterns of family leisure, and changes over time in cooking and family life.Family Life in 20th Century America does an admirable job of examining diversity in family experience. Throughout the book there is an attempt to build in discussion of racial/ethnic and social class variation in how people experienced family life in different periods of the twentieth century. In the chapter on family rituals, for example, when noting that many rituals are connected to religious belief, the discussion includes examples from multiple traditions. In every chapter, issues of race, class, gender and other types of diversity are part of the examination of family change in the United States.The preface notes that the book examines not only "how families lived" but also "how the culture...thought about how families should live" (x). Indeed, Family Life in 20th Century America is at its strongest when examining cultural changes and prescriptions for family life, as well as in qualitative analyses of families. While the authors often review quantitative changes in the prose discussion of family life, there is not a single chart or table in the book. If this book is to be used in a classroom setting, depending upon your course objectives or student learning outcomes, this may be problematic.A weakness of the book relates to the lack of an explicit theoretical orientation. The reader is able to guess at a range of possible influences. Certainly the book returns, again and again, to the importance of technology. It opens with a "Timeline of Major Events that Affected Families in the 20th Century." Of the approximately 75 events listed, over 20 are inventions, ranging from the vacuum cleaner (1901) to PC's in 1981. There is no explicit discussion, however, of theoretical linkages between families and technological change, such as the early work of William F. …
Optimal Real-Time Price in Smart Grid via Recurrent Neural Network

In this paper, we consider a smart power infrastructure which contains a single energy provider, several load subscribers and a regulatory authority. Considering the importance of energy pricing as an essential tool to develop efficient demand side management strategies, we propose a neural network modeled by a differential inclusion to solve real-time pricing problem in smart grid based on optimization theory. Compared with the existing algorithms, our model has fewer variables, our model is not only parallel computational model, but also can be implemented with the schematic block diagram. Moreover, the solution of proposed network converges to the feasible region in finite time and to the particular element in the optimal solution set with the smallest norm, which indicates that the proposed neural network is globally attractive. Finally, simulation results confirm the effectiveness and performance of the proposed network.
Mathematical and Statistical Preliminaries

The purpose of an exploration of data may be rather limited, and it may be ad hoc, or the purpose may be more general, perhaps to gain understanding of some natural phenomenon. The questions addressed in the data exploration may be somewhat openended. The process of understanding often begins with general questions about the structure of the data. At any stage of the analysis, our understanding is facilitated by means of a model. A model is a description that embodies our current understanding of a phenomenon. In an operational sense, we can formulate a model either as a description of a data-generating process, or as a prescription for processing data. The model is often expressed as a set of equations that relate data elements to each other. It may include probability distributions for the data elements. If any of the data elements are considered to be realizations of random variables, the model is a stochastic model. A model should not limit our analysis; rather, the model should be able to evolve. The process of understanding involves successive refinements of the model. The refinements proceed from vague models to more specific ones. An exploratory data analysis may begin by mining the data to identify interesting properties. These properties generally raise questions that are to be explored further. A class of models may have a common form within which the members of the class are distinguished by values of parameters. For example, the class of normal probability distributions has a single form of a probability density function that has two parameters. Within this family of probability distributions, these two parameters completely characterize the distributional properties. If this form of model is chosen to represent the properties of a dataset, we may seek confidence intervals for values of the two parameters or perform statistical tests of hypothesized values of these two parameters. In models that are not as mathematically tractable as the normal probability model—and many realistic models are not—we may need to use compu-tationally intensive methods involving simulations, resamplings, and multiple views to make inferences about the parameters of a model. These methods are part of the field of computational statistics.
Political communication: Its investigation and praxis

(1976). Political communication: Its investigation and praxis. Western Speech Communication: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 91-103.
Analytic continuation of the 3F2 hypergeometric series

ABSTRACTIn this article, we will use the binomial transformation to derive a series representation for the 3F2 hypergeometric function that converges everywhere off the real interval [1,∞). Additionally, we will find a stable recursion relation for the summand of this series, and we will establish the effectiveness of this series for numerical evaluation of 3F2.
Traumatic Optic Neuropathy

A variety of different types of direct and indirect and primary and secondary injuries can affect different portions of the optic nerve(s), producing the condition known as traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Thus, in the setting of penetrating as well as non-penetrating head or facial trauma, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for the possibility that TON is present.
Intratumoral Treg Cells Completely Inhibit the Induction and Function of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8+ T-Cells in B-Cell NHL.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that lymphoma B-cells are resistant to CTL-mediated death, however the underlying mechanism for this resistance is not clear. In previous work, we have identified a subset of CD4+CD25+ T-cells overrepresented in the tumor sites of B-cell NHL that display a phenotype compatible with regulatory T cells (T reg cells). These cells express high levels of Foxp3 and CTLA-4, and are capable of suppressing the proliferation and cytokine production of autologous infiltrating CD4+CD25- T cells in B-cell NHL. Goal: To explore whether T reg cells exert a suppressive effect on the induction and function of autologous tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in B-cell NHL. Results: Using fresh specimens obtained from patients with B-cell lymphoma, we found that intratumoral T reg cells had a significantly suppressive effect on autologous tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in B-cell NHL. When activated CD8+ T-cells were cocultured with infiltrating CD4+CD25- T-cells, they displayed less proliferation than CD8+ T-cells cultured alone. However, we found that with a 1:4 ratio of stimulating cells (T reg cells) to responding cells (CD8+ T-cells), intratumoral T reg cells completely inhibited the proliferation of autologous tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells activated with PHA. Furthermore, we have observed that 20% of infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in fresh isolated samples from B-cell NHL coexpress perforin and granzyme B. When intratumoral T reg cells were cocultured with CD8+ T-cells, the T reg cells inhibited the activation-induced production of perforin and granzyme B of autologous tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in a dose-dependent fashion. We also found that cytokine treatment (IL-2 and IL-12) or PHA activation induced the capability of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells to kill lymphoma B-cells, which was accompanied by upregulation of expression of CD107a on the surface of cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells. Intratumoral T reg cells significantly inhibit cytotoxicity of activated infiltrating CD8+ T-cells to lymphoma B-cells. Finally, we found that there was an inverse correlation of cell frequencies between intratumoral T reg cells and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in patients with B-cell NHL, suggesting that T reg cells may inhibit the migration of cytotoxic T-cells to the sites of B-cell lymphoma. Conclusion: Intratumoral T reg cells dramatically suppress the proliferation and activation-induced production of granules in infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in B-cell NHL. These T reg cells also inhibit the ability of activated tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells to kill lymphoma B-cells in vitro, and may prevent the migration of CD8+ cells to the sites of lymphoma. Taken together, these data indicate an important role for intratumoral T reg cells in CTL-mediated anti-tumor immunity in B-cell NHL.
Radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Yersinia enterocolitica.

Yersinia enterocolitica, a foodborne pathogen, can be eliminated from meat by ionizing radiation. Y. enterocolitica sometimes contains a 70-kb virulence plasmid that encodes genes for a type III secretion channel and host immune suppression factors. The radiation resistance of virulence plasmid-containing and plasmid-less Y. enterocolitica was determined. Four Y. enterocolitica serotypes containing (i) the large virulence plasmid, and (ii) their plasmid-less derivatives were inoculated into raw ground pork, which was then vacuum packed and irradiated at 4°C to doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 kGy. The D 10- value, the radiation dose required to reduce the number of viable Y. enterocolitica by 90%, was not dependent on the presence or absence of the virulence plasmid, but it did differ among the four Y. enterocolitica serotypes. Yersinia enterocolitica, bacterie alimentaire pathogene, peut etre eliminee de la viande par radiation ionisante. Le sujet de cette etude est de determiner et de comparer les valeurs D 10 , la dose d'irradiation necessaire pour reduire le nombre de microorganismes viables de 90%, pour Yersinia enterocolitica, contenant ou non un plasmide de virulence et de differents serotypes. Les valeurs D 10 sont independantes de la presence de plasmide mais varient avec le serotype.
Accelerating deep neural network learning for speech recognition on a cluster of GPUs

We train deep neural networks to solve the acoustic modeling problem for large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition. We employ distributed processing using a cluster of GPUs. On modern GPUs, the sequential implementation takes over a day to train, and efficient parallelization without losing accuracy is notoriously hard. We show that ASGD methods for parallelization are not efficient for this application. Even with 4 GPUs, the overhead is significant, and the accuracies achieved are poor. We adapt a P-learner K-step model averaging algorithm that with 4 GPUs achieves accuracies comparable to that achieved by the sequential implementation. We further introduce adaptive measures that make our parallel implementation scale to the full cluster of 20 GPUs. Ultimately our parallel implementation achieves better accuracies than the sequential implementation with a 6.1 times speedup.
System level synthesis: A tutorial

This tutorial paper provides an overview of the System Level Approach to control synthesis; a scalable framework for large-scale distributed control. The system level approach is composed of three central components: System Level Parameterizations (SLPs), System Level Constraints (SLCs) and System Level Synthesis (SLP) problems. We describe how the combination of these elements parameterize the largest known class of constrained controllers that admit a convex formulation.
Identification of RasGTPase activating protein as a potential cellular target of the novel tumor suppressor FUS1 in lung cancer by tandem affinity purification and mass spectrometry

3167 FUS1 is a novel tumor suppressor identified in the human chromosome 3p21.3 region and allele loss or defective posttranslational modification are frequently found in most of human primary lung tumors. We used a tandem affinity purification (TAP) method to capture cellular proteins potentially interacting FUS1 proteins under physiological conditions and a ProteinChip-array-based SELDI-TOF-MS and tandem LC-MS/MS spectrometric analysis to subsequently identify the captured proteins. The cDNA encoding a wt-FUS1 or a c-terminal deletion mutant FUS1 protein was cloned into a plasmid vector and expressed as a fusion protein with tandem streptavidin and calmodulin binding tags at its N-termini, and used as a bait. The cell lysate was prepared from lung cancer cells transfected with the FUS1-TAP vector and then subjected to two successive purification steps for isolation of the protein complex binding to FUS1 proteins. The protein complex was subjected to SDS-PAGE to separate the interacting components in FUS1-binding complex. The individual protein-bands of interest were excised from the silver-stained gel and proteins were digested in gel by trypsin. The trypsin-digests were either applied to a ProteinChip array and analyzed by SELDI-TOF-MS or directly analyzed by a LC-MS/MS to identify the specific FUS1-interacting protein by peptide-mapping. We identified two candidate proteins namely, RasGAP (RasGTPase activating protein) and SFP1 (split zinc finger protein) to be interacting with wt-FUS1 under a physiological condition. We further confirmed the FUS1-RasGAP interaction using a magnetic bead based immuno-precipitation and immuno-blot analysis. The binding activity to RasGAP was diminished in the c-terminal deletion mutant of FUS1 protein, which is consistent with our previous studies that showed the involvement of a PDZ-binding motif at the c-terminal of FUS1 protein in FUS1-mediated protein-protein interaction. We also carried-out functional assays to understand the biological relevance of the Fus1-RasGAP interaction in lung cancer cells, using RasGAP- or FUS1-specific siRNAs. Inhibition of either FUS1 or RasGAP expression by siRNA resulted in a mutual down-regulation of the other protein component, suggesting an indispensable nature of this protein association in living cells. This work was supported by NIH/NCI SPORE grant P50 CA70907 and UO1 CA10535201.
Endovascular therapy of axillary artery disease with drug-coated balloon angioplasty.

The occurrence of upper-extremity arterial disease is less common than that of the lower extremities. Nevertheless, exercise-induced symptoms, when present, can significantly affect functional capa...
A cluster analysis approach for differentiating transportation modes using Bluetooth sensor data

A variety of automatic data collection technologies have been used to gather road and highway system data. The majority of these automatic data collection technologies are designed to collect vehic...
The barbershop sound: The characteristic timbre of the male barbershop quartet

A feature of the homophonic barbershop style is an emphasis on major and dominant seventh chords which are sung with little vibrato and with pitches adjusted to achieve tuned chords in just intonation. A principal resource for the investigation reported here was the library of online recordings of the 2016 and 2017 international competitions sponsored by the Barbershop Harmony Society. These recordings provide a wealth of examples of the barbershop sound. They include hundreds of quartet samples performed in a context that features a uniform expectation of what constitutes good sound, along with uniform recording conditions and ranking by judges who serve as expert listeners. A large number of spectra were obtained for a loud, sustained major chord on an open vowel. Tuning of these chords was investigated, and for each sample a spectral contour was constructed with amplitudes normalized to simplify comparisons. From the consistency of these spectral contours it is possible to obtain a picture of the timbral features that distinguish the barbershop sound. In addition, patterns of relatively small differences in spectral envelope among the samples are strongly correlated with the ranking of the quartets by the competition judges.
Phylum XVI. Tenericutes Murray 1984a, 356 VP (Effective publication: Murray 1984b, 33.)

The nomenclatural type by monotypy (Murray, 1984a) is the class Mollicutes, which consists of very small prokaryotes that are devoid of cell walls. Electron microscopic evidence for the absence of a cell wall was mandatory for describing novel species of mollicutes until very recently. Genes encoding the pathways for peptidoglycan biosynthesis are absent from the genomes of more than 15 species that have been annotated to date. Some species do possess an extracellular glycocalyx. The absence of a cell wall confers such mechanical plasticity that most mollicutes are readily filterable through 450 nm pores and many species have some cells in their populations that are able to pass through 220 nm or even 100 nm filters. However, they may vary in shape from coccoid to flask-shaped cells or helical filaments that reflect flexible cytoskeletal elements.
Vectors and Matrices in Mathematica

Now that we have become familiar with the essentials of Mathematica, let us apply our knowledge to solving some physical problems. We shall concentrate on specific examples and introduce new techniques as we progress. Most of the examples are based on the author’s book, Mathematical Methods [Hass 00], which we abbreviate as MM, and refer the reader—in the margins—to its appropriate sections and pages for further details and deeper understanding. Although a familiarity with the concepts in that book is helpful for a fuller understanding of our examples, no prior knowledge of those concepts is essential for the Mathematica applications.
The Entrepreneurial World

Every successful entrepreneurial effort starts with an idea and moves through some series of typical stages—from seed to (hopefully) exit. At each stage, founders must engage a galaxy of different actors, including partners, funders, technical staff, suppliers, and customers. How these negotiations are handled will determine whether a venture succeeds or fails. Indeed, many start-ups make it only through one or two stages before failing, and many more find their journey less predictable and eventually shut down. Throughout the entrepreneurial process, relationships must be forged and maintained in parallel to the founder internally developing their own entrepreneurial self. Negotiation is shown to be a vitally important entrepreneurial skill, one that is required for the many described interactions that most entrepreneurs must be able to handle from founding the company to the many milestones that are involved in raising money, hiring, procurement, licensing, servicing customers, selling, and deciding on strategy. Many entrepreneurial relationships are long-term and involve negotiating many agreements, contracts, and milestones.
Effect of far-field compliance on local failure dynamics of soft solids

Abstract The resistive forces and failure of a soft gel upon large strain indentation with small, spherically-tipped indenters (or puncture mechanics) has been studied previously by Fakhouri et al., (2015). The above work is extended to include the effect of far-field compliance on the critical crack initiation event via puncture in soft acrylic triblock copolymer gels. It is found that critical puncture force, P c , reduces with increasing far-field compliance, C s , due to the change in local probe velocity, v g . A power-law relation between P c and C s is established and is shown to be valid across a range of global probe velocity, v c , varied over three orders of magnitude. Small-strain mechanical response of the gels characterized via oscillatory shear rheology and large strain response measured from puncture mechanics show rate-independent behavior. Our experiments and analysis provide insight into local rate-dependent failure processes in elastic triblock copolymer gels.
Autonomous Collision Avoidance System for a Multicopter using Stereoscopic Vision

This paper presents the use of stereoscopic vision as a means of sensing and detecting obstacles and other aircraft for collision avoidance system for a multicopter. A ZED stereo camera is mounted on a DJI S900 Hexacopter UAS to generate depth maps. A NVIDIA Jetson TX1 board is used for onboard processing of the depth maps and collision avoidance algorithm. The board communicates with the Pixhawk autopilot, which transmits data to the ground control station via XBee radios. By using the ZED software development kit (SDK), it is possible to obtain depth maps directly from the camera and use them in the implementation of obstacle avoidance. The algorithm that is used partitions the depth maps into multiple sections in order to find the section of the image that represents the objects furthest away. This selected section is the section that is free of obstacles. The hexacopter can maneuver itself to that selected section autonomously, thus avoiding obstacles in its path. The developed algorithm and flight test results are discussed.