cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
End‐of‐Life Decision Making and Treatment for Patients with Professional Guardians

Objectives Concerns have repeatedly been raised about end-of-life decision making when a patient with diminished capacity is represented by a professional guardian, a paid official appointed by a judge. Such guardians are said to choose high-intensity treatment even when it is unlikely to be beneficial or to leave pivotal decisions to the court. End-of-life decision making by professional guardians has not been examined systematically, however. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Inpatient and outpatient facilities in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Connecticut Healthcare System. Participants Decedent patients represented by professional guardians who received care at Connecticut VA facilities from 2003 to 2013 and whose care in the last month of life was documented in the VA record. Measurements Through chart reviews, we collected data about the guardianship appointment, the patient's preferences, the guardian's decision-making process, and treatment outcomes. Results There were 33 patients with professional guardians who died and had documentation of their end-of-life care. The guardian sought judicial review for 33%, and there were delays in decision making for 42%. In the last month of life, 29% of patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, intubated, or underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 45% received hospice care. Judicial review and high-intensity treatment were less common when information about the patient's preferences was available. Conclusion Rates of high-intensity treatment and hospice care were similar to older adults overall. Because high-intensity treatment was less likely when the guardian had information about a patient's preferences, future work should focus on advance care planning for individuals without an appropriate surrogate. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:2161-2166, 2019.
A Practical Dialogue-Act-Driven Conversation Model for Multi-Turn Response Selection

Dialogue Acts play an important role in conversation modeling. Research has shown the utility of dialogue acts for the response selection task, however, the underlying assumption is that the dialogue acts are readily available, which is impractical, as dialogue acts are rarely available for new conversations. This paper proposes an end-to-end multi-task model for conversation modeling, which is optimized for two tasks, dialogue act prediction and response selection, with the latter being the task of interest. It proposes a novel way of combining the predicted dialogue acts of context and response with the context (previous utterances) and response (follow-up utterance) in a crossway fashion, such that, it achieves at par performance for the response selection task compared to the model that uses actual dialogue acts. Through experiments on two well known datasets, we demonstrate that the multi-task model not only improves the accuracy of the dialogue act prediction task but also improves the MRR for the response selection task. Also, the cross-stitching of dialogue acts of context and response with the context and response is better than using either one of them individually.
An F-Box Protein, Mdm30, Interacts with TREX Subunit Sub2 To Regulate Cellular Abundance Cotranscriptionally in Orchestrating mRNA Export Independently of Splicing and Mitochondrial Function.

Although an F-box protein, Mdm30, is found to regulate ubiquitylation of the Sub2 component of TREX ( tr anscription- ex port) complex for proteasomal degradation in stimulation of mRNA export, it remains unknown whether such ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulation of Sub2 occurs cotranscriptionally via its interaction with Mdm30. Further, it is unclear whether impaired UPS regulation of Sub2 in the absence of Mdm30 alters mRNA export via splicing defects of export factors and/or mitochondrial dynamics/function, since Sub2 controls mRNA splicing and Mdm30 regulates mitochondrial aggregation. Here, we show that Mdm30 interacts with Sub2, and temporary shutdown of Mdm30 enhances Sub2's abundance and impairs mRNA export. Likewise, Sub2's abundance is increased following transcriptional inhibition. These results support Mdm30's direct role in regulation of Sub2's cellular abundance in a transcription-dependent manner. Consistently, the chromatin-bound Sub2 level is increased in the absence of Mdm30. Further, we find that Mdm30 does not facilitate splicing of export factors. Moreover, Mdm30 does not have a dramatic effect on mitochondrial respiration/function, and mRNA export occurs in the absence of Fzo1, which is required for mitochondrial dynamics/respiration. Collective results reveal that Mdm30 interacts with Sub2 for proteasomal degradation in a transcription-dependent manner to promote mRNA export independently of splicing or mitochondrial function, thus advancing our understanding of mRNA export.
CHAPTER 3 – ROOTS OF POLYNOMIALS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methods to solve the roots of polynomials. To find the roots of a polynomial, it is necessary to divide the polynomial by a second polynomial. There is a procedure for polynomial division that parallels the long division process of arithmetic. In addition, there is another approach called synthetic division that simplifies this task. By using the factor theorem, one can show that there is a close relationship between the factors and the roots of the polynomial P(x). By definition, r is a root of P(x) if P(r) = 0. However, the Factor Theorem tells one that P(x) = 0 if x − r is a factor of P(x). This leads to the alternative statement of the factor theorem, which chapter describes. The chapter also presents a method to write a rational function P(x)/Q(x) as a sum of fractions, each of which is called a partial fraction.
Total Joint Arthroplasty Volume in the Military Health System.

INTRODUCTION The relationship between volume and outcome of total knee arthroplasties is a concern in both the civilian and military patient populations. We sought to compare surgeons and hospital procedure volumes performed on military service members and define factors leading to increased civilian referrals. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) contains patient information on all healthcare beneficiary encounters, including care provided both in Military Health System (MHS) facilities and in civilian network facilities. The Military Analysis and Reporting Tool (M2) queried the MDR for all patients between 2011 and 2015 with a CPT code for hip or knee arthroplasty associated with a provider HIPAA taxonomy code for orthopedic surgery. M2 enrollee encounters were used to calculate the total number of arthroplasty procedures performed by both military and civilian orthopedic surgeons on MHS enrollees as well as the incidence rate of arthroplasty procedures. Logistic regression was used to predict which cases were more likely to have been treated at military treatment facilities using patient gender, sponsor service branch, age, and beneficiary category. RESULTS During the study period, a total of 12,627 military facility arthroplasty cases and a total of 142,637 civilian facility arthroplasty cases were performed on TRICARE enrolled patients. The total number of military surgeons performing arthroplasty on TRICARE enrolled patients was 323, while the total number of civilian surgeons performing arthroplasty was 10,245 during the same time period; the number of military surgeons performing arthroplasty on active duty patients was 176, and the total number of civilian surgeons performing arthroplasty on military patients was 1045. Overall, including retirees and activity duty service members, more procedures are performed by civilian network surgeons than military surgeons in all states. In an adjusted model, male patients were slightly more likely to receive care at an military treatment facilitie than female patients (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.41-1.53). Furthermore, with respect to service, patients with Air Force (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.15) and Navy sponsors (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.51-1.71) were more likely to receive military care than patients with Army sponsors. CONCLUSIONS Based on our findings, we recommend the MHS focus attention to recapturing the Army active duty male patients who are more likely to receive care outside of the military healthcare network. Further analysis of the many factors including, but not limited to, referral process for total joint arthroplasty, time to procedure, and facility resources is required, in addition to assessing patient outcomes following the procedures.
Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra for Neutron-Induced Fission of 239Pu and 235U

We report the current results of a large effort to accurately measure the Prompt Fission Neutron Spectra (PFNS) for neutron-induced fission of 235 U and 239 Pu for incident neutrons with energies from 1 to 20 MeV. The Chi-Nu experiment at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center used an unmoderated, white spectrum of neutrons to induce fission in actinide samples that were placed inside a parallel plate avalanche counter to provide a fast fission signal. A double time-of-flight technique was used to determine the incoming and outgoing neutron energies. Two neutron detector arrays, one with 54 liquid scintillators and another with 22 lithium glass detectors, were used to detect the outgoing neutrons and measure the PFNS distributions over a wide range in outgoing neutron energy, from below 100 keV to 10 MeV. Extensive Monte Carlo modeling was used to understand the experiment response and extract the PFNS. Systematic errors and uncertainties in the method have been examined and quantified. A summary of these results for incoming energies from 1 to 5 MeV is presented here.
A 'Dysonization' scheme for identifying quasi-particles using non-Hermitian quantum mechanics.

Dyson analysed the low-energy excitations of a ferromagnet using a Hamiltonian that was non-Hermitian with respect to the standard inner product. This allowed for a facile rendering of these excita...
David P. Deavel & Jessica Hooten Wilson, Editors, Solzhenitsyn and American Culture: The Russian Soul in the West : University of Notre Dame Press, 2020, ISBN-10 0268108250, 400 pp. $59.00

Hovering over this expertly assembled collection is the mind and spirit of Edward E. Ericson, a foundational figure of Solzhenitsyn Studies, who brought academic rigor and moral sensitivity to the ...
The Ratio of the Distal Femur Width to the Tibial Plateau Width with Advancing Age.

Historically, intraoperative analysis of knee fracture procedures relied upon a fluoroscopic reduction assessment by the surgeon. This is a subjective assessment due to the lack of linear measurement reference data. Compared with the knee, the ankle and wrist have well-established bony anatomical relationships to guide reduction assessment during fracture treatment. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the width ratios in the knee (plateau to femur) with aging, and (2) determine knee width changes with aging. One-hundred and fifty consecutive uninjured knee radiographs were reviewed. In all age groups, the width ratio of the articular distal femoral (ADF) to the articular tibial plateau (ATP) is greater than 1.0 and between 1.03 and 1.05. The tibia plateau width is on average 9.34 mm wider and the femoral width is 8.0 mm wider in the 61 to 80 age group than the ATP and the ADF in the younger age groups. In conclusion, the articular tibial plateau width and the articular distal femoral width are nearly equal across ages 20 to 80 years. An absolute articular width value by age cannot be assigned because articular widths change with aging.
Special Education and School Psychology: Whither the Relationship?

Relationship between the school psychologists and special educators is explored and questioned. It is noted that each speaks of the other in “we-they” terms, and a pervasive tension exists that nee...
A DNN-based Multi-Objective Precoding for Gaussian MIMO Networks

This paper investigates a precoding design for a two-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network with various objectives, including simultaneous wireless information and power transfer, energy harvesting, and security. Conventionally, precoding and power allocation matrices for these objectives are obtained via different solutions. While in some cases analytic solutions are known, in other cases only time-consuming iterative methods are available. To overcome this issue and unify the solutions for multi-objective networks, a deep learning-enabled framework is proposed in this paper. The proposed deep neural network (DNN)-based precoding learns how to optimize multiple objective functions and find their corresponding input covariance matrices concurrently, efficiently, and reliably. Compared to conventional iterative precoding methods, the proposed approach reduces on-the-fly computational complexity 91.19% while reaching near-optimal performance (99.64% of the optimal solution). The proposed DNN-based precoding can flexibly adapt itself to the different needs of the network and is faster and more robust than transitional approaches, making it an attractive solution for current and future communication networks.
Probing Quark-Lepton Unification with Leptoquark and Higgs Decays

We point out unique relations between the decay widths for leptoquarks and Higgs bosons that can be used to test the unification of quarks and leptons at the TeV scale. We discuss the main predictions of the minimal theory for quark-lepton unification and show how the different decays for leptoquarks and Higgses are related by the symmetry of the theory.
DETECTION OF PRIMARY OCCLUSAL CARIES USING STATIONARY INTRAORAL TOMOSYNTHESIS: A PILOT STUDY

BACKGROUND The implementation of preventive strategies has aided in the noticeable decline of caries prevalence in developed countries. With the reduction of caries prevalence, there is a higher demand for more sensitive and accurate caries detection modalities. In this study we explore the utility of stationary intraoral tomosynthesis (sIOT) in occlusal caries detection. OBJECTIVE(S) In this ex vivo diagnostic accuracy study we aim to evaluate the accuracy and assess the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve of s-IOT in detecting primary occlusal caries and to compare the results with digital intraoral bitewings, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and the histologic standard reference. STUDY DESIGN Sixty de-identified extracted human teeth were selected. The teeth selected included unrestored premolar or molar teeth with fully formed roots. The occlusal surfaces exhibited a status that ranged from sound to carious lesions extending into the inner third of the dentin. Teeth with developmental defects such as hypoplasia or fluorosis were excluded from the study. The teeth were coded and randomly mounted using polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) in dental dentoforms and imaged with the 3 imaging modalities (s-IOT, IO bitewings, and CBCT). A reader study was conducted in which 3 calibrated observers were presented with the 3 imaging modalities. A wash-out period of at least 2 weeks was allowed between sessions, with 1 modality displayed per session. The readers were asked to assess their confidence in caries presence using a 5-point Likert scale and to assess caries depth. After imaging, the teeth were sectioned and histologic examination was completed to establish the ground truth reference. RESULTS Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve of the 3 radiographic modalities will be compared with the histologic standard reference. Results are pending final statistical analysis.
The nature of in-flight sexual assaults

Since the #MeToo movement, sexual abuse on airlines has been receiving increased attention, however there is a dearth of empirical research investigating this phenomenon. This study is one of the f...
Ground State Properties of the Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Beryllium Sulfide (BeS)

We report the results from self-consistent calculations of electronic, transport, and bulk properties of beryllium sulfide (BeS) in the zinc-blende phase, and employed an ab-initio local density approximation (LDA) potential and the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO). We obtained the ground state properties of zb-BeS with the Bagayoko, Zhao, and Williams (BZW) computational method, as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW-EF). Our findings include the electronic energy bands, the total (DOS) and partial (pDOS) densities of states, electron and hole effective masses, the equilibrium lattice constant, and the bulk modulus. The calculated band structure clearly shows that zb-BeS has an indirect energy band gap of 5.436 eV, from Γ to a point between Γ and X, for an experimental lattice constant of 4.863 A. This is in excellent agreement with the experiment, unlike the findings of more than 15 previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations that did not perform the generalized minimization of the energy functional, required by the second DFT theorem, which is inherent to the implementation of our BZW-EF method.
Assessing Audiologists' Exposure, Knowledge, and Attitudes when Working with Individuals Within the Deaf Culture.

BACKGROUND Historically, the Deaf community and audiologists have had differing views concerning hearing loss intervention. Even so, members of the Deaf community may see an audiologist for a variety of reasons and it is important that audiologists understand how to best work with these individuals. Professional audiological organizations encourage cultural competence when working with different cultures, including the Deaf community. PURPOSE This study investigates audiologists' current cultural competency and exposure to, knowledge of, and attitudes towards Deaf individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN A survey was sent out to 600 audiologists and descriptive analyses was completed. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Study data were managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools and subsequently tabulated for each of the various survey questions. RESULTS Findings indicate that audiologists have relatively limited exposure to this population in a clinical setting, most use interpreters, and most would like to take more ASL courses. Audiologists' attitudes were positive in serving members from the Deaf community. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that more education on the use of interpreters would be beneficial. Future research may include examining the Deaf community's experience with audiologists, and the impact of exposure and other variables on the knowledge of and interactions with this population.
Open aortic valve replacement in a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia: a multidisciplinary strategy to minimize perioperative bleeding.

Background Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which the platelet (PLT) glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex is either deficient or dysfunctional. In its most severe form, GT may result in spontaneous bleeding, although most cases are first detected in the setting of an invasive procedure. Case Report A 59-year-old male with Type I GT and a history of transfusion reactions to PLT infusions developed severe aortic stenosis secondary to bicuspid valve disease. He successfully underwent open aortic valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass without perioperative bleeding complications. Results A multidisciplinary team (anesthesia, hematology, cardiac surgery, and transfusion medicine) was established to optimize perioperative hematologic management. Bleeding risk was assessed given the patient's prior history and a dosing timeline for administration of blood products and recombinant clotting factors was established. Successful management was achieved during the operation by prophylactic administration of HLA-matched PLTs and Factor VIIa. Prophylactic PLT administration was continued through the immediate postoperative period and no bleeding complications occurred. Thromboelastograms (TEGs) were used in conjunction with traditional hematologic laboratory analysis to optimize clinical management. Conclusion Patients with GT requiring cardiac surgical procedures are at high risk for perioperative bleeding complications. This case report illustrates the importance of multidisciplinary planning, TEG analysis, and the judicious use of recombinant factors to minimize operative bleeding risk.
Sensational Jurisprudence: Visual Culture and Human Rights

Sensational jurisprudence is a new branch of sociolegal studies that deals with the five senses and public policy. Because the law privileges the visual, this essay examines social science research about images of suffering and the implications of these findings. The interdisciplinary scholarship about visual culture emphasizes the negative aspects of humanitarian appeals for funding to aid the distant sufferer, and it suggests that bombarding the public with graphic depictions of pitiable individuals is counterproductive. Instead, researchers ought to develop methodologies to ascertain which emotions motivate individuals to engage in global civic action. Keywords: human rights; humanitarianism; images of suffering; mobilization of shame; politics and emotions; visual culture; empathy; “compassion fatigue” (or “demand fatigue”); “distant sufferer”; NGOs; photography
Thermoelastic analysis of GaAs in LEC growth configuration: III. Thermal conditions for control of stresses in low pressure systems

Abstract Conditions for control of thermal stresses during low pressure liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LP-LEC) growth of GaAs at below the plasticity limit of the matrix are calculated for various stages of growth. Results indicate that during the early stages of growth the stress field in the crystal is controlled by the cone geometry, heat transfer from the cone, and the solid-liquid interface shape. Beyond the initial stages of growth the optimum growth conditions are calculated in terms of maximum allowable heat transfer rates at the crystal periphery, and the non-planarity of the growth interface morphology. The influence of the cone geometry on the stress field during this period of growth is also investigated.
A Study of Different Class AB Log Domain First Order Filters

Several different class AB log-domain/translinear filters are compared in terms of their noise and distortion behavior using both analytical and simulation results. A few of the circuit topologies shown have not been considered before and are derived using a new theory for class AB dynamical circuits recently proposed. The study, although approximate, suggests ways in which both noise and distortion performance may be optimized by appropriate choice of circuit topology. Other practical aspects of the designs are also discussed.
Supporting strategic enterprise processes: An analysis of various architectural frameworks

This paper introduces a strategic layer as separate and distinct from an operational layer found in a traditional business architecture framework. The motivation for so doing is to better understand the unique processes of such a layer so that they can be better supported by the enterprise. Several architecture frameworks from various domains are analyzed in order to gain insights and test the potential viability and applicability of a strategic layer in the context of a high-level enterprise system architecture. Each is reviewed and assessed in terms of its potential contribution and/or applicability to a strategic layer. For completeness, architectures of human behavior and performance are also reviewed since they may impact the execution of strategic layer processes. It is shown that while some of the frameworks have applicability and may indirectly support the processes contained within a strategic layer, none of the architectural frameworks appear to explicitly support a strategic layer. However, analysis of the frameworks may inform how processes contained within a strategic layer might be better represented and controlled, and how this layer might be made more interoperable with the operational layer of an enterprise system. These findings lead to an elaboration of several research issues to better enable and support those executives tasked with leading and managing an enterprise system.
Perceived benefits of the use of learning contracts to guide clinical education in respiratory care students.

BACKGROUND: The benefits of contract learning have been identified in the literature as increased individualization to meet the student's individual needs, promotion of learner independence, and development of lifelong learning behaviors among students. METHODS: I used an "action research" approach to implement the contract-learning method into a clinical course. Clinical learning contracts were designed to provide students with the opportunity to focus on any identified areas of unsatisfactory or desired practice. The learning contract specified how the learner would acquire the knowledge and attitudes relevant to their selected learning experience. The learning contract was used as a learning tool and as evidence of the student's development in the clinical experience. Twenty-four senior respiratory therapy students in the College of Health Related Professions, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, prepared and used learning contracts during their Clinical Practicum IV. After they had completed the clinical practicum and received their grades, I surveyed the students about their experience with the learning-contract method. The surveys were administered anonymously. RESULTS: Twenty-one students (88%) returned the surveys. The respondents were overall quite optimistic regarding learning contracts. They generally agreed that they could use the learning contract with confidence and that there is an increase in student autonomy and motivation in scholarship with a learning contract. The median agree/disagree ratings on the survey ranged from 1 (strongly agree) to 2 (agree). CONCLUSIONS: Contract learning is favorable to students' knowledge and skill acquisition and can be incorporated into clinical education of respiratory care students.
Suicidal behavior on Axis VI: clinical data supporting a sixth Axis for DSM-V.

Background. Oquendo and colleagues (Oquendo, Baca-Garcia, Mann, & Giner, 2008; Oquendo & Currier, 2009) recommend that DSM-V emphasize suicide risk assessment on a sixth axis, thereby increasing regularity of suicide risk assessments. Aims. We propose that evidence of nonredundancy with Axis V – Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) is one piece of data that can serve as a starting point for a line of research establishing incremental predictive utility for a separate suicide risk assessment in the DSM framework. Methods. A standardized suicide risk assessment protocol, measures of depressive, anxious, and eating disordered symptomatology, as well as an index of comorbidity were administered to a sample of 412 adult outpatients. Results. Our data indicate that data from standardized suicide risk assessments are associated with indices of symptomatology severity as well as comorbidity, controlling for GAF. Conclusions. These results support the nonredundancy of the assessments and suggest the utility of l...
FG Sagittae - Observational evidence of a thermal pulse.

A stellar remnant which has lost its hydrogen-rich envelope could be a hot dense star that is still burning helium in a shell near the surface. If there is a thermal pulse in the helium-burning shell, the star will expand, increase in luminosity, and become cooler. Such a star would resemble qualitatively the observed behavior of FG Sagittae, and it is urged that the future behavior of this star be watched closely because it may be the first observational evidence of a thermal pulse.
Constructions of the Berlin Wall: How Material Culture Is Used in Psychological Theory

This article examines how, in the latter part of the twentieth century, the German psychological sciences used the Berlin Wall to interpret and make sense of the psychological make-up of the German people. It focuses on how the wall has been invoked by psychiatrists, applied psychologists, and psychotherapists in their writings at three historical moments: (1) after its initial construction in 1961, (2) immediately after its fall in 1989, and (3) 10 years after its demise. After the wall was erected, it became an interpretive resource to think about a divided society, and to make visible, decipherable, and classifiable, the inner life of a people. Shortly after its fall, it continued to serve as a basis for categorizing human suffering. Ten years later the wall had been rhetorically transformed into a “mental wall” offering a compelling metaphor for modern Germany's apparent psychological and cultural divide. The three case studies exemplify how the psychological sciences use material objects, such as the Berlin Wall, as interpretive resources to reflect on psychological issues, make sense of societal transformations, and create and solve social problems.
INTELLIGIBILITY AND SHORT-TERM MEMORY IN THE REPETITION OF DIGIT STRINGS.

Twenty-eight normal subjects heard seven digits masked by noise, and repeated either (a) the first three digits, (b) the last three digits, (c) all seven digits, or (d) all seven digits after sayin...
Effects of UV Irradiation and Plasma Treatment on a Polystyrene Surface Studied by IR−Visible Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy

IR−visible sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy was used to study surface modification of polystyrene by its exposure to a UV light source or plasma. It was found that the polystyrene surface underwent dramatic changes after exposure to these treatments, as evidenced by marked changes in the surface SFG spectra. Before the treatments, the surface spectrum showed a pronounced peak at 3068 cm-1 which is characteristic of the symmetric stretch of the aromatic C−H of polystyrene. This peak decreased markedly, and other vibrational bands associated with the CH2 and CH3 groups appeared after the treatments. The observed spectral changes provided direct evidence of surface reactions involving the aromatic ring. In addition, our data showed that the degrees of oxidation of the polystyrene surface were different with the two processes. The oxidation to a higher oxidation state, resulting in the formation of carbonyl/carboxyl species, was observed with plasma treatment but not with UV irradiation. This diffe...
Graft copolymers of starch and poly(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethyl‐ammonium chloride). Preparation and testing as flocculating agents

The title monomer (I) has been graft polymerized onto whole wheat starch with both ceric ammonium nitrate and ferrous ammonium sulfate–hydrogen peroxide initiation. Three graft copolymers, which contained 4.5, 12.1, and 15.2% grafted poly(I), were characterized as to molecular weight of grafted branches and grafting frequency. Graft polymerization was proved by fractional precipitation. Graft copolymers were tested as flocculating agents for diatomaceous silica and nonmagnetic iron ore. The graft copolymers with 12.1 and 15.2% grafted poly(I) compared favorably in flocculating ability with a commercial high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide.
Finding the Right Research Question: Quality Science Depends on Quality Careers

When making the transition from trainee to principal investigator, there are few steps more important than selecting the first independent research project. The project must synthesize the excitement and idealism of contributing to the well-being of humankind and the practical realities of an area of inquiry that is likely to lead to a successful career.
Characterization of the mammalian beta-2 receptor in 8 M urea.

Abstract Treatment of canine pulmonary membranes with detergent-free 8 M urea yielded a single class of large MW high-affinity binding sites exhibiting the stereospecificity and order of potency for beta-ligands characteristic of the beta receptor. This urea-solubilized receptor, demonstrating a 3–4 fold decreased affinity for beta-ligands as compared to membrane-bound and digitonin-solubilized receptor, exhibited a marked loss of activity when concomitantly exposed to solubilizing concentrations of detergent.
Exploring Compile Time Caching of Explicit Queries in Programming Codes

Object oriented programming languages raised the level of abstraction by incorporating first class query constructs explicitly in the program codes. These query constructs allow programmers to express operations over collections as object queries and also provide optimal query execution utilizing query optimization strategies from domain of databases. However, when a query is repeated in the program, it is executed afresh. This paper presents an approach to reduce the run time execution of programs involving explicit queries by caching the results of repeated queries and incrementally maintaining the cached results. We propose determination of cache entries at compile time by performing the program analysis. We also describe the cache heuristics for determining which queries to cache.
Dredged Material as a Natural Resource

The Corps of Engineers is conducting research dealing with the use of dredged material as a manageable natural resource. Historically, dredged material produced as a result of dredging operations to maintain the Nation's navigable waterways had been considered strictly a waste product. The concern about the environmental effects of the disposal of dredged material and the need to use all resources efficiently have changed the perspective towards dredged material to view it as a potentially productive natural resource. To foster this new philosophy, the Productive Uses Project has been included as an integral part of the Dredged Material Research Program being conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Miss. The objectives of this project are to identify and assess concepts for the productive use of dredged material or disposal sites, or both, and to develop workable systems applicable to dredging projects both within and outside of the Corps.
Tumor-promoting phorbol esters promote melanogenesis and prevent expression of the adrenergic phenotype in quail neural crest cells.

Tumor-promoting phorbol esters were used to manipulate the in vitro development of neural crest cells. When plated at clonal density in secondary culture, quail neural crest cells from the trunk region gave rise to three types of colonies, pigmented, unpigmented, and mixed. Pigmented colonies consisted exclusively of melanocytes; up to 50% of the unpigmented and mixed colonies contained adrenergic nerve cells which could be identified by a catecholamine-specific histofluorescence method. Addition of potent tumor promoters to the culture medium shortened the doubling time of neural crest cells and altered their morphologic appearance. It also delayed the onset of pigmentation, prevented the expression of the adrenergic phenotype, reduced the number of unpigmented and mixed colonies, and increased the number of pigmented colonies, most likely by directing progenitor cells preferentially to the melanogenic pathway. There was a clear correlation between the ability of phorbol esters to promote skin tumors in mice and their ability to interfere with the in vitro development of quail neural crest cells. The potent promoters 12–0–tetradecanoyl phorbol 13–acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12,13–didecanoate (PDD) were most effective, phorbol 12,13–diacetate (PDA) was considerably less effective, the nonpromoting analogues 4–0–methyl 12–0–tetradecanoyl phorbol 13–acetate (4–0–Me-TPA) and 4α-phorbol 12,13–didecanoate (4α-PDD) and the parent alcohol phorbol (PHR) had little or no effect.
The Masonic Hall Opera House: A Further Chapter in New Brunwick's Stage History: Part I

Coad concludes his article on the Masonic Hall Opera House in New Brunswick with its destruction by fire 1896.
Figurations in Indian film

As India approached the final three phases of its 16th Loksabha elections, a particularly telling image of Ms. Mamta Banerjee, Chief Minister of the state of West Bengal, was doing the rounds on so...
Van der Waals' induced 13C NMR shifts in crystalline amino acids and peptides

Recent reports in the literature of solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of crystalline L-alanine [Naito, A., Ganapathy, S., Akasaka, K., and McDonnell, C. A. (1981) J. Chem. Phys. 74, 3190–3197] and L-leucine [Frey, M. H. and Opella, S. J. (1980) J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 474–475], recorded with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS), show downfield resonance shifts of several parts per million in their side-chain methyl groups, relative to their resonance positions in aqueous solution. Similar findings are reported here for crystalline aliphatic amino acids and L-alanine peptides, including tetra(L-alanine), which show similar, specific downfield shifts in their side-chain methyl resonances. Coupled with X-ray crystallographic data of these compounds, and previous gas and solution-phase 13C NMR studies, the CP-MAS 13C NMR data indicate that these downfield shifts are a result of van der Waals' interactions. This group have reported similar van der Waals' induced shifts of the same magnitude for 13C resonances of the side-chain methyl groups of 13C-enriched tetra(L-alanine) upon binding to high-affinity Fab' fragments of heterogeneous sheep anti-[poly(L-alanine)] antibodies in aqueous solution(Geller, S., Wei, S. C., Shkuda, G. K., Marcus, D. M., and Brewer, C. F. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3614–3623]. The above findings show that van der Waals' induced 13C NMR shifts of similar magnitudes can be detected in specific antibody-hapten complexes and the side chains of crystalline aliphatic amino acids and peptides. The results also indicate that water possesses relatively little attractive van der Waals' interactions with aliphatic molecules.
Globally progressive interactive web delivery

This paper suggests that since web browsing is an interactive process and downloading a web page can take several seconds to several minutes over slow links, the information presented to the user during this time is important. We present new metrics and visualization techniques to illustrate and quantify web page loading. Given the insight afforded by the metrics, we propose a methodology to improve web access using a new technique, globally progressive interactive web delivery. This technique views the web delivery process as the remote display of a web page and entails applying progressive coding to the document transmission process in its entirety. It also allows the user to explicitly direct link bandwidth to images of interest. This globally progressive interactive framework has been prototyped without modifying either existing web browsers or servers through the use of a web proxy and browser-side Java applets. The framework allows for both protocol and image compression research in a platform-independent manner. Directions of current work on integrating the architecture into existing web infrastructure for greater performance and scalability are discussed.
Preparation and separation of asymmetric tripodal iron complexes of tren and selected aldehydes

Abstract Reaction of iron salts with the tripodal ligands formed from the condensation of tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) with the following mixtures of aldehydes, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (py) and 6-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde (6-CH3py), salicylaldehyde (sal) and 2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (5-CH3sal), salicylaldehyde and pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (pyr), and 4-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxaldehyde (4-CH3ImH) and salicylaldehyde yielded mixtures of all four possible iron complexes, [Fe(tren)LxL′y]z (x +y = 3), where L and L′ represent different aldehydes. Preliminary indication of mixtures of products was provided by IR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Conclusive proof of the existence of all four components (x = 0–3) in each of the reaction mixtures is provided by mass spectroscopy. Separation of the [Fetren(sal)x(4-CH3ImH)y](ClO4)y mixture can be achieved using a Sephadex ion exchange column. Treatment of the two observed fractions with base yields greatly enriched [Fetren(sal)2(4-CH3Im)] and [Fetren(sal)(4-CH3Im)2], which were identified by mass spectroscopy.
Social effects on rat spatial choice in an open field task

Abstract Pairs of rats foraged in trials either together or separately in an open field apparatus for pellets hidden in discreet locations in a 5 × 5 matrix. Trial duration was either 1 or 4 min. The tendency to choose locations that had earlier been visited by another rat was examined by comparing the choices made in the presence and absence of the other rat. Rats avoided visits to locations that had earlier been visited by the other rat, but only if they had also visited the same location earlier in a short duration trial. This pattern of results is consistent with earlier findings from experiments using the radial arm maze. Furthermore, when rats did visit locations that had earlier been visited by the other rat in a long duration trial, they tended to be locations that had been visited longer ago by the other rat than would be expected. This suggests a forgetting function for social memories. These data provide evidence that the social memory reported in earlier studies using the radial-arm maze can be found in other experimental paradigms and that at least some of its properties are common in the two paradigms.
Nature of sterols excreted by non-human primates: faecal sterols of baboon and rhesus monkey

1. 1. A number of sterols excreted by the baboon (Papio papio) and the Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatto) have been identified. 2. 2. The pattern of sterols was similar in both species. In the Rhesus monkey the cholesterol group contributed 39.7 per cent of the total sterols, the campesterol and stigmasterol group contributed 16.6 per cent, and the β-sitosterol group contributed 43.6 per cent. In the baboon they contributed 46.8, 14.9, and 38.2 per cent respectively. 3. 3. The 5β-stanols constituted the major fraction in the faeces (65–86 per cent) in both species. Coprostigmastanol was the major faecal sterol in both species. 4. 4. 5α-Stanols contributed 9–11 per cent of the total in both species and stigmastanol was the major component.
Australia Antigen and Hepatitis in Accra, Ghana

Viral hepatitis in young adults in Accra, Ghana, is associated with Australia antigen (H.A.A.). Sera from 85 patients in hospital with viral hepatitis were available for determinations of H.A.A. Of the 16 patients whose serum was obtained within the first week of symptoms, 15 were positive. The only factor related to finding H.A.A. was the time between onset of symptoms and the collection of the serum sample. Persistence of H.A.A. was associated with persistence of jaundice in men but not in women. Previous epidemiological studies in Accra found no evidence for parenteral transmission of viral hepatitis and showed a shanty-town predilection pointing to faecal-oral transmission. It thus seems that H.A.A.-associated hepatitis is transmitted in West Africa either faecal-orally or by shanty-town associated arthropods. The finding that H.A.A. hepatitis is the usual hepatitis in young adults in Accra is in accord with the high prevalence of H.A.A. elsewhere in the general population in Africa and may be related to the high rate of cirrhosis and hepatoma in Africa.
Role of Compensatory Enlargement and Shrinkage in Transplant Coronary Artery Disease Serial Intravascular Ultrasound Study

Background Compensatory enlargement of the vessel wall has been described in the early stages of native atherosclerosis. Whether compensatory enlargement plays a role in transplant coronary artery disease is not known. The objective of this study was to determine, by use of serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), whether compensatory dilation occurs in transplant coronary artery disease over time. Methods and Results Seventy-five heart transplant recipients with 151 matched coronary segments were selected for the presence of intimal disease progression as detected by serial IVUS examinations 1 to 3 years apart. Intimal disease progression was defined as a >10% increase in intimal area (IA). IVUS catheter location in follow-up studies was verified angiographically in relation to branch vessels. Luminal area (LA) and total vessel area (TA) were measured at each site. Intimal area (IA=TA−LA) was calculated. Changes in IA (ΔIA) and TA (ΔTA) between baseline and follow-up IVUS were compared: ΔIA, 2.9±0.2 mm2; ...
Computer Design of Single Area Generation Expansions

This paper describes a digital computer program that is one of a set to be used in planning the most economic pattern of electric power generator purchases for a 20-to 30-year period. The purpose of this particular program is to determine in which future years new generating capability will be required. Alternatively, if the years of unit installation are to be specified, then the program will calculate the generator sizes that must be committed to meet prescribed reliability criteria.
The ultrastructure of the middle cerebral artery and its associated nerve fibers in the squirrel monkey and baboon.

Abstract This study describes the ultrastructural characteristics of the middle cerebral artery and its related neural elements in the squirrel monkey and baboon. The cytoarchitecture of the M-1 segment as well as that of the smaller extracerebral and intracerebral vessels is comparable in both animals. Smooth muscle elements are occasionally found within the intimai lining. The nerve bundles associated with vessels contain fewer myelinated fibers as the vessel diameter decreases. The cytological relationship between the neural structures and the smooth muscle cells are discussed.
The value of the blood platelet in hemostasis and as a scientific tool.

Since platelets are simplified cells with no nucleus and little potential for synthesizing protein, they are well suited for studying certain other cell functions, such as ability to aggregate, to adhere to surfaces, to contract, and to undergo a release reaction similar to the secretory process in other cells. Their physiologic and pathologic functions are related to their ability to adhere, aggregate, and release; they are essential for hemostasis, important in thrombosis, and perhaps significant in the genesis of atherosclerosis. Some aspects of their morphology and function are reviewed.
Antioxidant defenses in caterpillars: role of the ascorbate-recycling system in the midgut lumen

This study demonstrates that an ascorbate-recycling system in the midgut lumen can act as an effective antioxidant defense in caterpillars that feed on prooxidant-rich foods. In tannin-sensitive larvae of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Lasiocampidae), ingested tannic acid is oxidized in the midgut lumen, generating significant quantities of peroxides, including hydrogen peroxide, which readily diffuses across cell membranes and is a powerful cytotoxin. By contrast, in the tannin-tolerant larvae of the white-marked tussock moth, Orgyia leucostigma (Lymantriidae), tannic acid oxidation and the generation of peroxides are suppressed. The superior defense of O. leucostigma against oxidative stress imposed by the oxidation of ingested polyphenols can be explained by the presence of higher concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione in the midgut lumen. In O. leucostigma at least 50% of the ingested ascorbate present in the anterior midgut is still present in the posterior midgut, whereas in M. disstria, only 10% of the ascorbate is present in the posterior half of the midgut. We propose that the maintenance of higher levels of ascorbate in the midgut lumen of O. leucostigma than in M. disstria is explained by the secretion of glutathione into the midgut lumen by O. leucostigma, thereby forming a complete ascorbate-recycling system. The concentration of glutathione in the midgut lumen of O. leucostigma is 3.5-fold higher than in M. disstria and more than double the concentration in the diet. Our results emphasize the importance of a defensive strategy in herbivorous insects based on the maintenance of conditions in the gut lumen that reduce or eliminate the potential prooxidant behavior of ingested phenols.