cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Study Synthesis of Outcomes: Highlighting Hidden-c

This chapter advances a synthesis of outcomes for the three glocal case studies and their commonalities and variations. Developments common to the transnational cases are that (1) the Four C (4-C) Model of Creativity fostered creative engagement and dynamic creativity and (2) Hidden-c, the belief in one’s creative capacity, nurtured (inter)personal powers for releasing creativity despite, or in light of, constraints. Highlighted is Hidden-c and how it enabled dialogical participation in open-ended activities while igniting a creativity paradox. The discussion of Hidden-c positions it as a level/type of creativity unto itself—a shaping force that underlies the 4-Cs. The 4-C program of pedagogical activities—a process-based approach for dynamizing creativity—is summed up as Experience, Express, and Enliven Creativity (E3C). In China, Canada, and Australia, Hidden-c was cultivated by E3C dynamics. Participants represented creativity in their contexts and cultures and engaged authentically in the 4-C program. Study implications are woven into the writing.
Theater By The Blind: a retrospective look at an off-Broadway troupe, an international blind theater festival, and the making of disability culture

This historical, ethnographic account examines Theater By The Blind from 2000-2005 and the following disability-art themes: 1) identity politics and authenticity/representation; 2) audio description and the Blind In Theatre (BIT) Festival; 3) gaze and resistance. This paper historically documents an emergent cultural movement, and highlights the powerful cultural work of blind theater to challenge stereotypes. Theater By The Blind: A Retrospective Look at an Off-Broadway Troupe, an International Blind Theater Festival, and the Making of Disability Culture by Elaine Gerber is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://rdsjournal.org. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at https://www.rds.hawaii.edu.
Shrubs facilitate perennial bunchgrass recruitment in drylands under experimental precipitation change

Abstract Increasing extremes in climate related weather events pose a major threat to plant recruitment in drylands. Research has shown facilitation effects by shrubs to improve recruitment in arid regions, however it remains unclear if these effects vary between soil types, early life stages and in both severe precipitation and drought events. We test if shrubs facilitate abundance of both seedlings and juveniles between two soil types in artificial high precipitation, ambient and severe drought conditions. When the effect of shrubs was considered, seedling and juvenile responses were similar between sites. Shrubs increased seedling abundance by 40.9% in drought. In high precipitation, shrubs increased seedling abundance by 20% at one site and juvenile abundance 15% at both sites. These findings support the notion that shrubs can improve recruitment in both severe precipitation and drought years, but the strength of this effect varies with soil. Our results indicate that resource islands generated by shrubs in high precipitation years, may be an important factor driving population dynamics in arid systems as years oscillate between wet and dry.
Quantitative multiplexed strategies for human Lyme disease serological testing

Lyme disease, which is primarily caused by infection with the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi in the United States or other Borrelia species internationally, presents an ongoing challenge for diagnostics. Serological testing is the primary means of diagnosis but testing approaches differ widely, with varying degrees of sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, there is currently no reliable test to determine disease resolution following treatment. A distinct challenge in Lyme disease diagnostics is the variable patterns of human immune response to a plurality of antigens presented by Borrelia spp. during the infection. Thus, multiplexed testing approaches that capture these patterns and detect serological response against multiple antigens may be the key to prompt, accurate Lyme disease diagnosis. In this review, current state-of-the-art multiplexed diagnostic approaches are presented and compared with respect to their diagnostic accuracy and their potential for monitoring response to treatment.
Anaphylactic Food Allergy After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

The prevalence of obesity in the United States is projected to increase as high as 85% by 2030. Weight loss is associated with improved morbidity and mortality outcomes. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective procedure recommended for individuals with morbid obesity for weight loss. We report the case of a patient who developed worsening food allergic reactions after RYGB surgery that progressed to an anaphylactic reaction. A 36-year-old female developed an anaphylactic reaction to an ingredient in guacamole eight years after RYGB surgery. Prior to the surgery, she had symptoms consistent with oral allergy syndrome. After the gastric bypass, however, she experienced worsening symptoms. On this occasion, she developed throat tightness prompting a visit to the emergency department where she required emergent intubation for airway protection. Blood testing to assess for an immunoglobin E-mediated allergy to common foods was negative. Despite the negative test, the allergist maintained a high suspicion for the progression of food-pollen syndrome following gastric bypass. Disruption of protein digestion from stomach bypass surgery may result in dietary proteins large enough to elicit immune responses being presented to the immune-rich intestinal mucosa. Additional consideration should be given to patients with a preexisting history of food allergic reactions undergoing RGYB surgery.
Threshold behaviors of direct and Hall currents in topological spin-Hall effect

Abstract We study spin-dependent direct and Hall conductivities in the threshold region of Fermi energy, ɛ F = 2 J , where J is the exchange integral between the conduction electron spins and the skyrmion spin texture. For ɛ F at the threshold value and above the spin-down electrons are allowed to exist. We find the two in the direct and four narrow peaks in the Hall conductivities for Fermi energies slightly below the threshold value. The found effects are dramatic because the electric current changes by approximately eight times in the narrow range of gate voltages ( ∼ 4 meV). The values of the peaks strongly depend on skyrmion size. For small and very large skyrmion sizes the peak amplitudes are small compared to the conductivity absolute values. At the skyrmion radius a = 6 nm and very light conduction electrons, m ∗ ∼ 1 0 − 2 m e , the extrema are the most pronounced. The temperature evolution reveals the strong smearing effect where the peak-wise behavior completely disappears at room temperatures. Spin transistor could be considered for possible applications where in the narrow region of gate voltage the sharp conductivity change occurs.
Combined tensiometer–solution sampling probe

Abstract Variables needed to characterize solute transport in soils are soil water pressure (SWP) and solute concentration, which are typically obtained from tensiometers and suction solution samplers, respectively. In this paper we describe a combined tension–solution sampling probe that measures SWP, and allows extraction of soil solution during or between SWP measurements. A separate porous ceramic cup and ring to be used for the tensiometer and suction solution sampler were built into a single unit. Laboratory soil column experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of the combined tension–solution probe, and the data obtained were compared with those from using separate tensiometer and suction solution samplers. Differences in tensiometric measurements were attributed to differences in size between the tensiometers. An apparent increase in pore water solution concentration as soil water potential is decreased could be explained by anion exclusion.
Power for a space plane.

This article discusses the development of an aircraft which can leave and enter the Earth's atmosphere without the aid of rocket propulsion "Scramjets" are designed to scoop oxygen from the atmosphere as they ascend. The weight savings from capturing air in flight instead of carrying it means that these jets can deliver approximately four times the thrust of a rocket for every pound of propellant consumed.
Studies on porphyrin-heme biosynthesis in organotypic cultures of chick dorsal root ganglia. II. The effect of lead.

Abstract Organotypic cultures of chick dorsal root ganglia retain the morphology and the metabolism of intact nervous tissues which are observed in vivo . Such cultures are capable of synthesizing porphyrins from a precursor, δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). The present study was undertaken to estimate the capacity of these cultures to form porphyrins from ALA and to study the effect of lead on porphyrin formation. Control cultures which were not incubated with ALA did not show detectable amounts of porphyrins. On the other hand, cultures incubated with ALA synthesized porphyrins linearly as a function of ALA concentration up to 2 m m as well as a function of incubation period for up to 24 hr. The major porphyrin synthesized by the cultures was uroporphyrin as demonstrated by its characteristic fluorescence emission spectrum and by its migration on thin-layer chromatographic plates. Porphyrin formation was inhibited 50% after treatment with lead at 10 μ m ; this was accompanied by a shift toward the formation of coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin. These results indicate that isolated chick dorsal root ganglion cultures are able to synthesize a full spectrum of porphyrins from ALA and that an inhibitory effect of lead on porphyrin formation can be demonstrated in such cultures. These data suggest the usefulness of organotypic cultures of chick dorsal root ganglia for the study of the effects of environmental chemicals on porphyrin — heme biosynthesis in isolated nervous tissues.
The Eect of Computer Use on Child Outcomes

This paper examines the impact of having access to a home computer on child and adolescent outcomes. To avoid the bias due to non-random access to home computers, we exploit a unique government program which provided vouchers towards the purchase of a personal computer for low-income children enrolled in Romanian public schools. Since the …xed number of vouchers were allocated based on a simple ranking of family income, this program aords a stark regression discontinuity which allows comparisons across students very similar in family income and other respects, but who experienced markedly dierent access to a computer at home. In 2007, we conducted a household survey of children who participated in the program in 2005. Using these data, we show that children who received a voucher were 50 percent more likely to own a computer. Next, we show that receipt of a voucher had a large impact on time spent in front of the computer and decreased the amount of time spent watching TV and doing homework. Children in household that won a voucher also report having lower school grades and lower educational aspirations. There is also suggestive evidence that winning a voucher is associated with negative behavior outcomes. Nevertheless, we …nd that having a stay- at-home mom and the presence of rules regarding computer use do mitigate some of the negative eects of winning a computer voucher, indicating that parental monitoring and supervision may be important mediating factors.
Parallel breadth-first and breadth-depth traversals of general trees

Two adaptive, level-order tree traversal algorithms are proposed for an exclusive-read and exclusive-write (EREW), parallel random access machine (PRAM) model of computation. Our breadth-first traversal algorithm for a general tree with n nodes achieves O((n/p)*log n /log(n/p)) time complexity using p processors on the EREW model, and hence it attains optimal speedup for p ≤ n1 − e, where 0 < e ≤ 1. This algorithm performs better (in terms of processor-time product) than an existing algorithm [12] which has O(k log n) time complexity using O(n1 + 1/k) processors on a concurrent-read and exclusive-write (CREW), PRAM model. The proposed breadth-depth algorithm for traversing a general tree requires O(n/p + log n) time on the EREW model, and thus it achieves optimal speedup for p ≤ n/log n. This algorithm provides a significant improvement over an existing parallel breadth-depth algorithm [4] which requires O(log n) time with O(n2) processors on CREW model. Our breadth-first traversal algorithm uses an Euler tour technique [20], and a list construction technique which is similar to the one used in [18] for solving the adjacency list construction problem for graphs. The breadth-depth traversal algorithm, on the other hand, is based on a special characterization which enables the reduction of this problem into a variety of list ranking problems.
Akuter fieberhafter Rheumatismus

Das klinische Bild des akuten fieberhaften Rheumatismus ist vielgestaltig, die histologischen Befunde sind jedoch typisch. Klinisch handelt es sich um eine Krankheitseinheit. Trotz der Tatsache, das die aktive Erkrankung lange Zeit ohne Fieber und ohne rheumatische Manifestationen verlaufen kann, hat der Ausdruck „akuter fieberhafter Rheumatismus“ vielen erfolglosen Versuchen zu seiner Ersetzung standgehalten.
Characteristics of putrescine uptake in isolated rat enterocytes

Polyamines are necessary for the growth of eukaryotic cells and are supplied either by new synthesis or cellular uptake. To our knowledge, no information is available on polyamine uptake by gastrointestinal cells. In the current study, isolated villous enterocytes from the rat accumulated putrescine to an eightfold concentration gradient. Uptake was temperature dependent, saturable, and inhibited by 1 mM KCN. Kinetic analysis showed a Km of 1.23 X 10(-5) M and a Vmax of 2.60 X 10(-10) mol.10(6) cells-1.15 min-1. Enterocytes from the distal one-fourth of the gut showed the highest rate of uptake. Putrescine uptake was inhibited by cadaverine and spermine but not by the amino acids asparagine, AIB, or leucine. Sodium replacement by choline, lithium, N-methyl-D-glucamine, or tetramethylammonium significantly inhibited uptake, but replacement of Na+ by sucrose or mannitol was without effect. The inhibition observed was believed to be due to the ability of the cations to interact in some way with the carrier. Neither ouabain nor digitoxigenin had any effect on uptake. These data indicate that putrescine is accumulated by villous enterocytes by a carrier-mediated process that does not appear to involve Na+ contransport.
Selective Inhibition of Vitamin B12 Absorption by Para-Aminosalicylic Acid

A patient is described in whom vitamin B12 malabsorption was induced by the daily oral administration of 8 g of para-aminosalicylic acid. Para-aminosalicylic acid did not alter intestinal morphology, intestinal maltase, or sucrase activities, xylose excretion, or lead to steatorrhea. Thus, para-aminosalicylic acid should be added to the list of pharmacological agents that may induce a reversible malabsorption of vitamin B12.
Treatment of Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer.

Androgen-ablative therapy for metastatic prostate cancer is effective for 60%-80% of men, but its effects are always finite and the majority of men develop androgen-independent disease within two years. Although current therapies for androgen-independent disease have not been shown to impact on survival, recent clinical and laboratory insights offer hope for effective therapy. For instance, recent data indicate that androgen-independent disease may still be dependent on hormonal stimulation, suggesting that hormonally based therapies may provide continued benefit. Chemotherapy, especially with estramustine and etoposide, seems to be an effective combination for a majority of patients. Treatment with suramin had been hampered by its side effects, but new dosing schedules are effectively circumventing toxicity. Radioisotopes such as strontium 89 have been shown to provide effective palliation for a majority of androgen-independent patients. Overall, these and other emerging efforts may be the foundation for therapies that offer hope for a significant survival benefit. The Oncologist 1996;1:30-35
The Relationship Between Terrestrial Factors and Climate

Large scale crustal warping (epeirogeny) and mountain building (orogeny) have had a profound influence on the control of climate during geologic time. During periods of maximum transgression of epicontinental seas onto the continents, mild, uniform climates prevail over most of the earth. During periods of maximum regression of the epicontinental seas, climates are cooler and more differentiated. Orogeny is also accompanied by retreat of epicontinental seas and has a similar but shorter-term influence on climate. The time scale of epeirogeny is 250 million years (m.y.), whereas the time scale of orogeny is 40 m.y.
Energy and system dependence of high-p T triggered two-particle near-side correlations

Previous studies have indicated that the near-side peak of high-pT triggered correlations can be decomposed into two parts, the Jet and the Ridge. We present data on the yield per trigger of the Jet and the Ridge from d+Au, Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{\mathit{NN}}}=62.4\) GeV and 200 GeV and compare data on the Jet to PYTHIA 8.1 simulations for p+p. PYTHIA describes the Jet component up to a scaling factor, meaning that PYTHIA can provide a better understanding of the Ridge by giving insight into the effects of the kinematic cuts. We present collision energy and system dependence of the Ridge yield, which should help distinguish models for the production mechanism of the Ridge.
Thermally stimulated luminescence from rare-earth-doped barium copper oxides

We report the first thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) and emission-spectra measurements of x-ray-induced defects in ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{1.5}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{1.5}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ and $\mathrm{Gd}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$ in the temperature interval 80-300 K. The Gd-doped oxide exhibits a single TSL glow peak at 195 K with concomitant single-band emission with maximum at 500 nm. Two TSL glow peaks (160 and 172 K) are observed in ${\mathrm{Ho}}_{1.5}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{1.5}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{x}$, whose spectral emission is characterized by complex, temperature-dependent maxima at 450 and 660 nm. Possible defect mechanisms are discussed.
Frequency Position Modulation for high-throughput interference-resistant communications

Simultaneously achieving the objective of high data rate communications that is resistant to interference (RTI) is a challenging problem. Communications systems typically operate at a reduced information rate for RTI operation. To achieve the objective of high data rate and RTI operation, we have developed a modulation called Frequency Position Modulation (FPM) in which the absolute position of the tones in frequency correspond to a symbol. The tones themselves are spread over an extremely wide instantaneous bandwidth resulting in a communications system that is difficult to intercept. FPM leverages carefully shaped nonlinearities generated by the high-power amplifier (HPA) of the transmitter that become a part of the symbols in the constellation. The addition of nonlinearities improves the diversity of the FPM constellation for resilience in the face of interference. Information at the receiver is recovered by mixing the incoming spectrum with multiple tones in conjunction with a comb filter before digitization. This enables using commercial of-the-shelf (COTS) high dynamic range analog-to-digital converters sampling at a fraction of the rate of the bandwidth over which the symbols are spread. FPM can provide nearly an order of magnitude improvement in processing gain over conventional RTI communications (e.g., CDMA) and facilitates the ability to operate in interference-laden environments where conventional receivers would fail. We quantitatively analyze the symbol error rate (SER) and processing gain (PG) for a maximum likelihood (ML) based FPM demodulator and demonstrate its performance in interference-laden conditions.
Unsupervised learning and the identification of finite mixtures

The first portion of this paper is tutorial. Beginning with a standard definition of an abstract pattern-recognition machine, "learning" is given a mathematical meaning and the distinction is made between supervised and unsupervised learning. The bibliography will help the interested reader retrace the history of learning in pattern recognition. The exposition now focuses attention on unsupervised learning. Carefully, it is explained how problems in this subject can be viewed as problems in the identification of finite mixtures, a statistical theory that has achieved some maturity. From this vantage point, it is demonstrated that identification theory implies unsupervised learning is possible in many important cases. The remaining sections present a general method for achieving unsupervised learning. Other authors have proposed schemes having greater computational convenience, but no method previously published is as inclusive as the one revealed here, which we demonstrate to be effective for all the many cases wherein unsupervised learning is known to be possible.
Topological hysteresis as a model for Rayleigh damping

Abstract To account for the large magnetomechanical damping of demagnetized specimens, we propose as a model Landau's arrangement of magnetic domains with no overall magnetic moment. To analyze the model, we use the nature of magnetostriction to transform the data from internal friction, Q −1 , and strain amplitude, ɛ , into energy loss and volume fraction reoriented by stress, both as functions of ɛ . The large peak in Q −1 ( ɛ ) above the upper end of the Rayleigh range is attributed to the onset of gross changes in the domain structure, the Rayleigh range to dynamics of closure domains on a finer scale, and the lower end of the range to the wall displacements becoming of the order of one atomic distance.
Ignorability, Sufficiency and Ancillarity

This paper explores the relationship between ignorability, sufficiency and ancillarity in the coarse data model of Heitjan and Rubin. Bayes or likelihood ignorability has a natural relationship to sufficiency, and frequentist ignorability an analogous relationship to ancillarity. Weaker conditions, termed observed likelihood sufficiency, observed specific sufficiency and observed ancillarity, expand the concepts to models where the coarsening mechanism is sometimes, but not always, ignorable.
A model for alcohol-mediated violence in an Australian Aboriginal community.

Abstract This study introduces a new model for understanding alcohol use and violence in a contemporary Australian Aboriginal community. Based on ethnographic and survey data collected in the community, which is not further identified in this manuscript, the model examines circumstantial, community- and individual-level factors surrounding alcohol use and its associated violence. Community member's beliefs about the effect of alcohol on individual behavior and emotion bring about the expectation that intoxicated individuals will remember past grievances and act upon them. Individual's actions are affected by community members’ beliefs about alcohol as well as the individual's own more idiosyncratic beliefs and expectations, the disinhibiting qualities of alcohol, the individual's emotional state, and the circumstances surrounding a drinking episode. These factors interact to construct a situation in which “being drunk” encourages an individual to bring out grievances and conflicts and address them through physical confrontation. In this manner, alcohol acts as a conduit for the playing out of conflicts and tensions within the community. But this system represents a relatively ineffectual form of conflict mediation and tension reduction, thus suggesting an important critique of the classic “time out” thesis of drunken comportment. Drunken confrontations, rather than being a “time out,” represent an integrated part of the way in which conflicts are played out in the community. This model provides a useful framework for future research to examine alcohol-mediated conflict in indigenous communities.
Characterization of rabbit ear artery opioid receptors using a δ-selective agonist and antagonist

Abstract In order to characterize pre-junctional δ opioid receptors in the rabbit ear artery, the δ-selective agonist [D-Pen 2 ,D-Pen 5 ]enkephalin (DPDPE), and δ-selective antagonist, ICI 174,864, were used. The selectivity of these compounds for the δ receptor was confirmed using a standard opioid sensitive preparation, the mouse was deferens. Relative potencies of a series of opioid agonists were similar in the rabbit ear artery and the mouse vas deferens. Furthermore, K e values for IC 174,864 were not different in the two tissues. These findings demonstrate that δ opioid receptors in the rabbit ear artery and mouse vas deferens have similar properties.
Reactivity to negative affect in smokers: The role of implicit associations and distress tolerance in smoking cessation

Abstract Avoidance of negative affect is one motivational factor that explains smoking cessation relapse during cessation attempts. This negative reinforcement model of smoking cessation and relapse has demonstrated the importance of one's ability to tolerate nicotine withdrawal symptoms, particularly negative affect states, in remaining abstinent from smoking. Distress tolerance and implicit associations are two individual constructs that may influence the strength of this relationship. In this pilot study the authors examined implicit associations related to avoidance and negative affect using a modified Implicit Association Test (IAT), a measure designed to examine implicit associations related to negative affect and avoidance, and the relationship of these associations to distress tolerance and smoking relapse. In total, 40 participants were recruited through community flyers as part of a larger smoking cessation study. Participants completed a brief smoking history, behavioral distress tolerance assessments, and the modified IAT. Smoking status was assessed via phone 3 days and 6 days post-quit date. Results from a Cox proportional hazard model revealed that implicit associations between avoidance and negative affect were significantly negatively correlated with time to relapse after a smoking cessation attempt, whereas the behavioral distress tolerance assessments did not predict time to relapse. This study provides novel information about the cognitive associations that may underlie avoidant behavior in smokers, and may be important for understanding smoking relapse when negative affect states are particularly difficult to tolerate. Authors discuss the importance of implicit associations in understanding smoking relapse and how they can be targeted in treatment.
Microreactors for Syngas Conversion to Higher Alkanes: Effect of Ruthenium on Silica-Supported Iron-Cobalt Nanocatalysts

The effect of ruthenium (Ru, 0.4 wt %) as a promoter on silica-supported iron and cobalt nanocatalysts (∼3 wt % each) for syngas (H2 and CO) conversion to higher alkanes was studied in a silicon microreactor. Fe−Co/SiO2 catalysts with and without Ru were synthesized by a sol−gel methods. The high specific surface area (325 m2/g) from BET analysis can be attributed to the porous structure of silica supported by its SEM images. The FE-STEM image indicated that the catalyst particle size is <10 nm. The magnetic studies of Co catalysts using a vibrating sample magnetometer suggest that Ru does not influence the reduction of cobalt oxide to cobalt, the active form of Co catalysts in silica. The highest conversion of CO (∼78%) was observed with a Ru−Fe−Co/SiO2 catalyst at 220 °C, 1 atm, total flow rate of 0.4 sccm, and H2/CO ratio of 3:1 in microreactors containing 25 μm channels. The addition of Ru to the Fe−Co/SiO2 catalyst increased CO conversion by 16% but lowered selectivity to propane by 10%. The catalyst...
Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects

Domestication has resulted in selection upon seed traits found in wild populations, yet crop-wild hybrids retain some aspects of both parental phenotypes. Seed fates of germination, dormancy, and mortality can influence the success of crop allele introgression in crop-wild hybrid zones, especially if crop alleles or crop-imparted seed coverings result in out-of-season germination. We performed a seed burial experiment using crop, wild, and diverse hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cross types to test how a cross type's maternal parent and nuclear genetic composition might affect its fate under field conditions. We observed higher maladaptive fall germination in the crop- and F1- produced seeds than wild-produced seeds and, due to an interaction with percent crop alleles, fall germination was higher for cross types with more crop-like nuclear genetics. By spring, crop-produced cross types had the highest overwintering mortality, primarily due to higher fall germination. Early spring germination was identical across maternal types, but germination continued for F1-produced seeds. In conclusion, the more wild-like the maternal parent or the less proportion of the cross type's genome contributed by the crop, the greater likelihood a seed will remain ungerminated than die. Wild-like dormancy may facilitate introgression through future recruitment from the soil seed bank.
Direct measurement of sub-wavelength interference using thermal light and photon-number-resolved detection

We examine thermal light diffracted through a double slit using photon-number-resolved detection to directly measure high-order spatial correlations, and we see sinusoidal modulations of those correlations. The fringe width can, in principal, be made arbitrarily small, and we have experimentally obtained fringe widths as small as 30 nm with 800 nm wavelength light. This extreme sub-wavelength resolution, along with this direct detection technique, offers potential for high precision measurement applications.
User interface transfer for driver information systems: a survey and an improved approach

At present, devices are establishing themselves on the mobile device market which permit personalization and expansion by means of applications. These applications are increasingly also expected in the vehicle. In contrast to mobile devices, an expandable system in the vehicle is subject to special requirements. These are discussed in this publication and existing approaches are evaluated with regard to the requirements. In this case, outplacing subsequent applications to a smartphone or web server is identified as the best solution. For user interface (UI) integration to the driver information system, final user interface descriptions are identified as a good compromise between complexity and reusability. An improved approach for UI transfer with final UI descriptions using HTML is presented. Compared to existing concepts, this achieves an improvement in the form of graphical quality, response behaviour, reusability and complexity. A prototype implementation makes it clear that a series production system can be subsequently expanded with applications that cannot be distinguished from the basic functions of the driver information system in terms of graphical quality and response behaviour.
Estimation of location and scale parameters using generalized Pitman nearness criterion

Abstract A generalization of the Pitman nearness criterion for comparing estimators when the criterion for accuracy is based on a loss function is developed. The concept is applicable to multi-parameter problems. The generalized criterion is then used with invariance to find best estimators of a location or scale parameter. These best estimators do not depend on the form of the loss function provided that it satisfies some reasonable conditions. Thus, the generalized criterion is useful for finding a best estimator when the exact loss function is not known. Some examples are given which establish an additional optimality property of some commonly used estimators.
Unusual Case of Late Thoracic Stent Graft Failure After Cardioversion

We report the unusual case of successful endovascular exclusion of a thoracic aortic aneurysm with subsequent thoracic aortic aneurysm reduction, and development of an interval, acute type III endoleak after cardioversion 5 years after stent graft deployment.
Some remarks on Hele-Shaw flow and viscous tails

A simple model is suggested to describe flow in a Hele-Shaw cell when the Hele-Shaw parameter Λ is not necessarily small. The averaged flow is potential with a conservative body force proportional to the local velocity. The elementary ramifications of this are deduced and comparisons made with experiment. In particular no separation is predicted if Λ is less than O(1), in agreement with experiment. Furthermore, the separation cavities occurring for large Λ are completely stagnant. The theory predicts attached viscous shear layers in the wake of a lifting body, reminiscent of certain MHD problems. These tails were not observed experimentally.
Evidence for superconductivity in low-temperature--grown GaAs

Magnetic-field-modulated microwave absorption and dc susceptibility measurements have detected evidence for superconductivity in As-rich GaAs layers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures (LT-GaAs). The transition temperature from the normal to the superconducting phase is 10 K. Electron microscopy of these layers found a new, As-rich layered structure in LT-GaAs that is most likely the origin of the superconductivity.
The Off-Disk Thermal Structure of a Polar Coronal Hole

The thermal structure of the coronal portion of coronal holes is a key factor in the modeling of the source regions and acceleration mechanisms of the fast solar wind. Studies aimed at this region are best carried out on observations outside the disk, where the chromosphere and transition region are not included in the line of sight. In the past, many off-disk studies measured the line-of-sight temperature using line intensity ratios, a method that cannot provide information on the distribution of material with temperature; a few off-disk DEM determinations are also available, which are limited to a few heights only. No EM loci study has been carried out to the best of our knowledge. In this paper we use SOHO SUMER deep-exposure spectra of a polar coronal hole observed in 1996 to carry out a systematic investigation of the thermal structure of the emitting plasma as a function of distance from the limb, making use of the EM loci technique. Instrument-scattered light limits our investigation to distances in the 1.03-1.17 R☉ range, where we find that the plasma is close to isothermal along the line of sight, with temperature slowly increasing with distance from the limb.
Reaction of Sulfur with Ga-C Bonds: Synthesis and Characterization of [PyRGaS](3) Formed from Ga(S(2)R)(3) (R = Et, Me).

The reactions of Ga(CH(2)CH(3))(3) with variable amounts of elemental sulfur, S(8), in toluene or benzene at different temperatures result in the insertion of sulfur into the Ga-C bonds to form the compounds Ga[(S-S)CH(2)CH(3)](3) (I) and Ga[(S-S-S)CH(2)CH(3)](3) (II). Compound I was isolated from the reaction at low temperature while at room temperature; compound II was the major product. Compound II exhibited the maximum extent of sulfur insertion even when the reactions were carried out with more than 9.0 equiv of sulfur. The reactions of Ga(CH(3))(3) with various amounts of sulfur in toluene or benzene only result in the formation of compound III, Ga[(S-S)CH(3)](3). In pyridine at -30 degrees C, deinsertion of the sulfur atoms from Ga-S-S-C bonds was observed for the first time from compounds I and III resulting in formation of the six-membered Ga-S ring compounds IV, [PyEtGaS](3), and V, [PyMeGaS](3), respectively. Compounds IV and V were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, elemental analyses, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound IV crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n, with a = 9.288(2) A, b = 14.966(2) A, c = 19.588(3) A, beta = 90.690(10) degrees, and Z = 4. Compound V crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c, with a = 10.385(1) A, b = 15.300(2) A, c = 15.949(2) A, beta = 107.01(1) degrees, Z = 4, unit cell volume = 2423.5(5) A(3), R = 0.030, and R(w) = 0.026. The sulfur insertion reaction pathway was investigated by time-dependent and variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
Comparing Academic Library Spending with Public Libraries, Public K-12 Schools, Higher Education Public Institutions, and Public Hospitals Between 1998–2008

Abstract This study compares the overall spending trends and patterns of growth of Academic Libraries with Public Libraries, K-12 schools, higher education institutions, and hospitals in the period of 1998 to 2008. Academic Libraries, while showing a growth of 13% over inflation for the period, far underperformed the growth of the other public institutions in the study. Academic Libraries lost nearly 25% of their share of higher education total spending, suggesting a shift in higher education priorities. Academic and Public Libraries are shown to have very different investment and spending priorities with Academic Libraries as a group reducing staff and investing in their collections, while Public Libraries have expanded their staff and services significantly, but not collections. Patterns of spending and investment differ markedly for Academic Libraries by size of institution, while size of library or community is not a differentiating determinant for staff or services growth.
Short pulse generation due to coherent population trapping

An efficient broadband optical continua generation due to stimulated Raman scattering originated from relaxation processes from the excited electronic states is predicted. It is shown that, even when the populations of Raman levels are equal, Raman coherence can be efficiently excited due to coherent population trapping process (CPT). Scattering of the electromagnetic field due to the excited coherence gives rise to a comb of equally spaced spectral components of optical radiation. The generated spectrum can be compressed into a sequence of ultrashort pulses. Estimates for realistic parameters of the medium show that it is possible to produce a sequence of femtosecond and even subfemtosecond pulses with repetition rate several GHz.
Trinitromethanide and Tricyanomethanide Salts Restricted to C, H, N, and 0 Atoms

Abstract : Trinitromethane combined with oximes of cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and diphenylcyclopropenone and with melamine and two 1,3-dialkyl- 2,4-dialkylimino-1,3-diazetidines to give simple trinitromethanide salt adducts. Tricyanomethane added to diphenylcyclopropenone oxime to give hydroxylamino-2,3- diphenylcyclopropenylium tricyanomethanide.
Rauwolfia serpentina toxicity in a dog

Objective– To describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of Rauwolfia serpentina toxicity in a dog. Case Summary– A 9-month-old intact male mixed breed dog was presented following ingestion of an antihypertensive medication containing alkaloids from R. serpentina. R. serpentina alkaloids cause depletion of the biologic amines: norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The dog experienced hypotension, mental depression, bradycardia, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, and gastrointestinal ulceration similar to the adverse effects reported in humans. The dog was released from the hospital after 4 days of supportive care. New Information Provided– This is the first case of accidental R. serpentina toxicity in a dog reported in the literature. This case had a good clinical outcome with supportive care and monitoring of all the subsequent adverse effects.
Integrated motion planning and control for graceful balancing mobile robots

This paper presents an integrated motion planning and control framework that enables balancing mobile robots to gracefully navigate human environments. A palette of controllers called motion policies is designed such that balancing mobile robots can achieve fast, graceful motions in small, collision-free domains of the position space. The domains determine the validity of a motion policy at any point in the robot's position state space. An automatic instantiation procedure that generates a motion policy library by deploying motion policies from a palette on a map of the environment is presented. A gracefully prepares relationship that guarantees valid compositions of motion policies to produce overall graceful motion is introduced. A directed graph called the gracefully prepares graph is used to represent all valid compositions of motion policies in the motion policy library. The navigation tasks are achieved by planning in the space of these gracefully composable motion policies. In this work, Dijsktra's algorithm is used to generate a single-goal optimal motion policy tree, and its variant is used to rapidly replan the optimal motion policy tree in the presence of dynamic obstacles. A hybrid controller is used as a supervisory controller to ensure successful execution of motion policies and also successful switching between them. The integrated motion planning and control framework presented in this paper was experimentally tested on the ballbot, a human-sized dynamically stable mobile robot that balances on a single ball. The results of successful experimental testing of two navigation tasks, namely, point-point and surveillance motions are presented. Additional experimental results that validate the framework's capability to handle disturbances and rapidly replan in the presence of dynamic obstacles are also presented.
Semi-diurnal seiching in a shallow, micro-tidal lagoonal estuary

Abstract Analysis of current meter data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) associates over half of the along channel velocity variance with roughly the semi-diurnal frequency band. Velocity in this frequency range is episodic, has a typical magnitude of 10 cm s−1 and often reaches twice this speed. The NRE is a sub-estuary of the Albemarle–Pamlico Estuarine System (APES), which is the second largest estuarine complex and the largest lagoonal estuary in the United States. The astronomical tide in the NRE is negligible, owing to the APES's virtual isolation from the coastal ocean by the North Carolina Outer Banks barrier island chain. The episodic nature of the velocity signal together with the lack of an astronomical tide suggest that the semi-diurnal signal in the NRE is generated within the APES/NRE, presumably due to meteorological forcing. In the absence of a tidal current, this motion plays a significant role in determining the position and strength of the salt wedge, the thickness of the diffusive bottom boundary layer and the overall dispersion characteristics of the system. The episodic nature of the semi-diurnal signal encouraged us to pursue the use of nonstationary timeseries analysis techniques in the present study. We found wavelet analysis to be a highly effective technique for discriminating times when the semi-diurnal motion was strong and for identifying a predominant 13.2 h period in the along channel component of both 10-week wintertime and 10-week summertime current meter records. Model runs using idealized wind forcing to excite the vertically integrated version of the ADCIRC finite element circulation model indicated that the APES has a natural mode oscillation period of 13.2 h, an average “seiche depth” of 3.5 m and a “seiche length” of 139 km. This length is close to that of the long axis of Pamlico Sound, although the depth is approximately 25 percent less than the sound's 4.5 m mean bathymetric depth. Model runs using observed winds from Cape Hatteras reproduced the seiching behavior of the system during both the wintertime and summertime observational periods. Seiche events appear to be excited by significant shifts in either the magnitude or direction of the wind field.
The Development of Fluency, Stimulus Generalisation and Response Maintenance of Student Academic Engaged Time with Children in a Special School: an educational mainstream preparation procedure validated against normative peer data

Abstract This paper argues that direct programming for generalised outcomes, in conjunction with attention to the acquisition of fluency, of socially valued classroom responses is essential when preparing children in a separate special education facility for the regular school classroom. The present within‐subject analysis examined whether: (a) strengthening the specific components of student academic engaged time using a token economy; then (b) fading continuous social reinforcement plus feedback to intermittent schedules once criterion had been reached; and finally, (c) shifting the locus of control of consequences of classroom performance, including regular school placement, from external sources to the child himself, would result in subjects generalising gains made over time and settings. Four of the six subjects successfully demonstrated generalisation of performance levels across time. Two of these four further generalised their performance across classrooms. A comparison of their data with normativ...
Length-twist parameters in string path integrals.

An approach to multiloop string path integrals is presented which expresses them in terms of Green's functions on triply connected domains or "pants."
Health-related quality of life in first-ever stroke patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is important to measure as it is an indication of outcome after stroke. Our objectives were to assess HRQOL in patients 3 months af...
Ecological gradients and relative abundance of native (Mytilus trossulus) and invasive (Mytilus galloprovincialis) blue mussels in the California hybrid zone

Marine communities are experiencing unprecedented rates of species homogenization due to the increasing success of invasive species, but little is known about the mechanisms that allow a species to invade and persist in a new habitat. In central California, native (Mytilus trossulus Gould 1850) and invasive (Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck 1819) blue mussels and their hybrids co-exist, providing an opportunity to analyze the mechanisms that determine the distributions of these taxa. Spatial and temporal variation in temperature and salinity and the relative frequencies of these mussel taxa were examined between 2000 and 2004 at four sites in San Francisco Bay and four in Monterey Bay, which were chosen for their different positions along inferred estuarine/oceanic gradients in the hybrid zone. Mussels were genetically identified as the parent species or hybrids by amplifying regions of two species-specific loci: the adhesive byssal thread protein (Glu-5′) and the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA (ITS 1). The proportion of M. trossulus at the eight hybrid zone sites correlated negatively with average salinity (R2=0.60) and positively with maximal temperature (R2≥0.72), a somewhat unexpected result given what is known about the phylogeography of this species. The proportion of M. galloprovincialis showed the opposite pattern. The proportion of hybrids was correlated neither with habitat temperature nor salinity. Genotypes of mussel populations at an additional 13 sites from Coos Bay, Oregon (latitude 43.35°N) to Long Beach, California (latitude 33.72°N), sampled at various intervals between 2000 and 2004, were also determined. This survey confirmed previous reports that the hybrid zone lies between Monterey and the Cape Mendocino region (latitudes 36.63°N–40.5°N). Within Monterey and San Francisco Bays, however, the temporal comparisons (1990s vs. 2000s) revealed abrupt changes in the proportions of the two parent species and their hybrids on annual and decadal time scales. These changes indicate that the blue mussel populations are in a highly dynamic state. The survey also showed that, regardless of habitat, M. trossulus is consistently of smaller average size than either M. galloprovincialis or hybrids.