cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Sociogenesis of Insect Colonies

Studies on the social insects (ants, bees, wasps, and termites) have focused increasingly on sociogenesis, the process by which colony members undergo changes in caste, behavior, and physical location incident to colonial development. Caste is determined in individuals largely by environmental cues that trigger a sequence of progressive physiological restrictions. Individual determination, which is socially mediated, yields an age-size frequency distribution of the worker population that enhances survival and reproduction of the colony as a whole, typically at the expense of individuals. This "adaptive demography" varies in a predictable manner according to the species and size of the colony. The demography is richly augmented by behavioral pacemaking on the part of certain castes and programmed changes in the physical position of colony members according to age and size. Much of what has been observed in these three colony-level traits (adaptive demography, pacemaking, and positional effects) can be interpreted as the product of ritualization of dominance and other forms of selfish behavior that is still found in the more primitive insect societies. Some of the processes can also be usefully compared with morphogenesis at the levels of cells and tissues.
Chromosomal location of genes for seedling resistance to tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch in tetraploid wheat

Tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs. and Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Muller) Hedjarroude, respectively, are the major components of the leaf spotting disease complex of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.). These diseases induce significant quality and yield reductions and control through host plant resistance is the most effective and economical method. The objectives of this study were to determine the chromosomal locations of major genes conferring resistance to P. tritici-repentis races 1–3 and 5, toxins Ptr ToxA and Ptr ToxB, and P. nodorum isolate Sn2000 in a set of Langdon- Triticum dicoccoides (Israel A) durum substitution lines. Plants were evaluated for disease reaction at the two-leaf stage under controlled environmental conditions. Based on the reactions of the substitution lines, the chromosomal locations of the resistance genes for P. tritici-repentis races 1 and 2, and 3 and 5, were determined to be chromosomes 5B and 3B, respectively. Resistance to toxin Ptr ToxA was located on chromosome 5B whereas toxin Ptr ToxB failed to induce symptoms in the tetraploid genotypes, including the substitution lines. Resistance to P. nodorum isolate Sn2000 was located on chromosome 5B. This is the first study to reveal the chromosomal locations of major genes for resistance to tan spot and Stagonospora nodorum blotch in tetraploid wheat using the Langdon-T. dicoccoides (Israel A) substitution lines.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of (meso-Tetraphenylporphinato)manganese(III) Pentacyanopropenide, [MnIIITPP]+[C3(CN)5]-. An Unusual Asymmetric Bridge-Bonding Mode for μ-[C3(CN)5]-

Reaction of Ag[C3(CN)5] and [MnIIITPP]Cl (TPP = meso-tetraphenylporphinato) leads to [MnIIITPP]+[C3(CN)5]-, which has been crystallographically, spectroscopically, and magnetically characterized.This complex forms a 1-D ···D+A-D+A-··· coordination polymer with [C3(CN)5]- (A) having an unusual μ asymmetric bridge bonding and the cation (D) being unusually puckered. The zero-field-splitting parameter is −4.0 K (−2.8 cm-1) for MnIII is this six-coordinate environment.
The neural substrates of cognition.

The obvious conclusion from a consideration of the papers in this issue, and others delivered and discussed at the Juan March meeting in Madrid last year, is that we are at a very exciting time in neuroscience. Powerful new techniques have been developed, and these offer the prospect of a revolutionary new understanding of the functioning of complex neuronal circuits, perhaps best exemplified by the cortex. In particular, there have been dramatic advances involving the nature and significance of ubiquitous feedback pathways throughout the CNS, of mechanisms underlying attention, of the nature of plasticity involved in development and learning, and of new prospects for neuronal classification and manipulation. These are indeed exciting times to be interested in the brain.
A rapidly-banding component of animal DNA preparations that interferes with buoyant density studies

Rapidly-banding components of purified animal cell DNA's have been observed which have abnormal buoyant densities and show anomalous band profiles when centrifuged to equilibrium in cesium salts. These components interfere with the separation of animal DNA fractions and with the analysis of animal cell DNA's by buoyant density techniques. They can be detected by examining photographs of analytical buoyant-density ultracentrifugations before equilibrium has been reached. These rapidly-banding components are removed by phenol treatment.
H-Index: a new measure of glottal efficiency for the pathologic voice.

Taking advantage of the extended dynamic range of digital analysis of voice the H-Index represents the first proposed acoustical measure of glottal efficiency. "Hi" /hai/ was chosen to evaluate glottal efficiency since it provides an excellent test of glottal transformation from voiceless to voiced sound energy, the upper vocal tract having a neutral effect. Fifteen individuals with normal voices and 30 patients with hoarse voices were asked to say "hi." The power ratio of /h/ to /a/ was calculated from peak power of each measure from the power envelope. Voice quality had a highly significant effect on measured values (P < .001). A high degree of correlation (P < .001) was found with the AC/DC ratio, a standard aerodynamic measure of glottal efficiency. The results indicate that the H-Index represents an excellent measure of glottal efficiency, obviating the need of invasive techniques or expensive, highly specialized equipment.
Preferred shapes and modes of internal motion in a five-boson system

A five-body system is studied using harmonic-oscillator basis functions and through suitably-defined shape-density functions which are based on its wave functions, we are able to ascribe dominant shapes and modes of internal motion to a number of its low-lying 0+ states.
A NEW METHOD TO PREPARE UNIFORM PARTICLES; PRECIPITATION FROM LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS

ABSTRACT Basic copper sulfate panicles of uniform size and shape were prepared at room temperature by precipitation from a lyotropic liquid crystal of water and Tween 80, a nonionic surfactant. The size (< 2.5 μm) of the panicles depended on the pH of the aqueous copper salt solution and the precipitation time. The formation of the basic precipitates at room temperature was due to the presence of polyethylene oxide chains in the aqueous layers, while the narrow size distribution was due to immobilization of panicle nuclei by the rigidity of the liquid crystal.
Storytelling across Japanese Conversational Genre edited by SZATROWSKI, POLLY E.

A review of the book "Storytelling Across Japanese Conversational Genre," edited by Polly E. Szatrowski is presented.
Risk of fever and sepsis evaluations after routine immunizations in the neonatal intensive care unit

Premature infants can experience cardiorespiratory events such as apnea after immunization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These changes in clinical status may precipitate sepsis evaluations. This study evaluated whether sepsis evaluations are increased after immunizations in the NICU. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of infants older than 53 days who were vaccinated in the NICU at the KPMCP (Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program). Chart reviews were carried out before and after all immunizations were administered and for all sepsis evaluations after age 53 days. The clinical characteristics of infants on the day before receiving a sepsis evaluation were compared between children undergoing post-immunization sepsis evaluations and children undergoing sepsis evaluation at other times. The incidence rate of sepsis evaluations in the post-immunization period was compared with the rate in a control time period not following immunization using Poisson regression. A total of 490 infants met the inclusion criteria. The rate of fever was increased in the 24 h period after vaccination (2.3%, P<0.05). The incidence rate of sepsis evaluations was 40% lower after immunization than during the control period, although this was not statistically significant (P=0.09). Infants undergoing a sepsis evaluation after immunization were more likely to have an apneic, bradycardic or moderate-to-severe cardiorespiratory event in the day before the evaluation than were infants undergoing sepsis evaluations at other times (P<0.05). Despite an increase in fever and cardiorespiratory events after immunization in the NICU, routine vaccination was not associated with increased risk of receiving sepsis evaluations. Providers may be deferring immunizations until infants are clinically stable, or may have a higher threshold for initiating sepsis evaluations after immunization than at other times.
Ornamentalism: Geography and the Labor of Language in Structuration Theory

In an effort to respond to the so-called ‘postmodern challenge’ in a way that continues to allow for an understanding of social interaction in time and space, geographers have increasingly turned to the theory of structuration put forward by Anthony Giddens. This theory paints a picture of the human agent as being constrained by sociohistorical circumstances and yet being fundamentally autonomous. The success of Giddens attempt to transcend the traditional dualism of individual and society seems to have been taken for granted by now. In this paper it is shown that a careful, ‘deconstructive’ scrutiny of key concepts as they appear in Giddens's major texts reveals insurmountable problems inherent in language. Specifically, the categories ‘duality of structure’, ‘practical consciousness’, and ‘mutual knowledge’ are each in their turn required to perform two contradictory tasks: The simultaneous blending and separation of determinism and autonomy. The gist of Giddens's attempts to circumvent this task is out...
The structure of the large subunit rRNA expressed in blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract Here we present the sequence of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA expressed in blood-stage forms (and therefore A-type) of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, from two different isolates. We determined the genomic sequence of a rRNA unit of the CAMP parasite strain from within the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) through the 5.8S rRNA gene, the ITS2 and the entire large subunit rRNA gene. We have also determined the corresponding sequence of the gene of the FVO strain by sequencing cDNA clones derived from blood-stage asexual parasites. Differences between the two were due to scattered point mutations in expansion segments of the mature rRNA regions. In addition to the point mutations, the rRNA genes from the two strains could be distinguished by the presence of a more complex polymorphism near the 3′ end of the molecule. The most complex polymorphic form was localized on a single chromosome and found in only a subset of geographically distinct isolates. The sequences of the 5.8S rRNA unit and the LSU rRNA unit reported here can be logically assembled into a complete secondary structure which conforms to the standard structure conserved in all eukaryotic ribosomes. The construction of a model of secondary structure for the LSU rRNA has allowed the identification of phylogenetically conserved sequences involved in drug interaction with the ribosome, as well as those sequences involved in tertiary interactions within the rRNA itself.
The Effects of Manifest Relational Similarity on Analog Retrieval

Abstract The experiments presented here examined how varied representations of relational structure affect analog retrieval. Subjects were asked to identify analogies between disparate base and target passages. The expression of relations within analogs was varied to make the analogical similarity more or less manifest. Analog retrieval was better when passages (a) gave less instantiating detail and expressed analogous relations with relatively domain-general terms, i.e., terms that could fit both domains, as opposed to domain- specific terms whose components cannot apply literally to both domains, or (b) expressed local analogous relations by domain- general rather than domain-specific verbs, or (c) used a domain-general term to lexicalize a higher-order relation implicit in domain-specific detail. These results suggest that even when analogous relations are embedded in dissimilar contexts, the way relations are represented within those contexts can affect analogical access. Access is easier with manifest representations that require little re-representation to reveal a match across domains.
Budget-constrained portfolio trades using multiobjective optimization

A decision support process using many-objective optimization, high-performance computing, and advanced visualization is applied to gain comprehensive insight into multistakeholder portfolio budgeting trades. The key tradeoffs among nondominated portfolio budget solutions are systematically identified and examined with respect to different stakeholder viewpoints. The approach is illustrated using a portfolio of 14 U.S. Air Force satellite development programs using budget data taken from the 2010 Future Year Development Plan [http://www.saffm.hq.af.mil/budget/, last accessed April 20, 2011]. Practical lessons learned in applying the approach are discussed. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 15 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Product Quality in Markets Where Consumers are Imperfectly Informed

I. Introduction, 1.—II. Context of the model, 3.—III. Consumer specifications and market equilibrium in the case of fixed breakdown probabilities, 5.—IV. Breakdown probabilities set by profit considerations, 11.—V. Conclusion, 19.—Appendix, 20.
Thyrotropin Response to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone in Normal Females over Forty

The serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was determined in 12 normal females, 40–59 yr old and in 12 normal females, 60–79 yr old. The mean maximum incremental responses above baseline (maximum ΔTSH) in these two groups were 16.0 ± 2.5 μU/ml and 16.3 ± 2.4 μU/ml, virtually the same as the mean maximum ΔTSH response (16.7 ± 1.6 μU/ml) in a group of 12 normal, 20–39-yr-old females previously reported. In contrast to males, females demonstrate no agerelated decline in TSH response to TRH.
Development of Lead-Free Nanowire Composites for Energy Storage Applications

There is an increasing demand to improve the energy density of dielectric capacitors for satisfying the next generation material systems. One effective approach is to embed high dielectric constant inclusions such as lead zirconia titanate in polymer matrix. However, with the increasing concerns on environmental safety and biocompatibility, the need to expel lead (Pb) from modern electronics has been receiving more attention. Using high aspect ratio dielectric inclusions such as nanowires could lead to further enhancement of energy density. Therefore, this paper focuses on the development of a lead-free nanowire reinforced polymer matrix capacitor for energy storage application. Lead-free sodium niobate nanowires (NaNbO3) were synthesized using hydrothermal method, followed by mixing them with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) matrix using a solution-casting method for nanocomposites fabrication. Capacitance and breakdown strength of the samples were measured to determine the energy density. The energy density of NaNbO3/PVDF composites was also compared with that of lead-containing (PbTiO3/PVDF) nanocomposites and previously developed Pb()O3/PVDF composites to show the feasibility of replacing lead-containing materials. The energy density of NaNbO3/PVDF capacitor is comparable to those of lead-containing ones, indicating the possibility of expelling lead from high-energy density dielectric capacitors.
Generating test examples for heuristic Boolean minimization

This article describes simple methods of generating many-variable test-case problems for heuristic logic minimization studies. Covering problems and coloring problems are converted into Boolean functions that are useful test cases for minimization.
Patient-reported experience with the Viadur 12-month leuprolide implant for prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives. To assess patient-reported general satisfaction, effect on daily activities, and effect on health-related quality of life of a 12-month leuprolide implant for prostate cancer. Methods. A total of 80 men with prostate cancer participated in an open-label Phase III study of the Viadur leuprolide implant. One implant was inserted in each patient at enrollment and was removed after 52 weeks. At 24 and 52 weeks after implantation, patients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experience with the implant, and at 0, 12, 24, 36, and 52 weeks after implantation, the patients were asked to complete the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 health-related quality-of-life instrument. Results. The surveys about the patients’ experience with the implant were completed by 70 subjects, and two or more SF-36 questionnaires were completed by 72 patients. At weeks 24 and 52 after implantation, greater than 90% of patients were extremely satisfied or satisfied with the overall treatment, found the implant convenient, forgot about the implant most of the time or were occasionally aware of the implant, and found the implant very comfortable or somewhat comfortable. No meaningful change was found in the summary scores of the mental and physical aspects of the SF-36 assessments during treatment. Of 73 men who were eligible for reimplantation after the 12-month study period, 70 (96%) elected to undergo reimplantation. Conclusions. In this study, patients found the Viadur 12-month leuprolide implant convenient, and the implant did not affect their health-related quality of life.
Data scheduling for multi-item and transactional requests in on-demand broadcast

Recent advances in mobile computing and wireless communication have enabled the deployment of broadcast based information systems such as, wireless internet, traffic information, etc. The users and research community have recognized its potential for meeting the growing information demands of the future. At present existing systems are mainly pull-based (on-demand) and their performance highly depends on the broadcast schedule they use. Previous studies in on-demand scheduling have focused mainly on single item requests to keep the investigation simple. However, scheduling algorithms for single item request are unable to manage efficiently multi-item requests which are becoming more common. In addition to this these more and more requests are becoming transactional in nature. In this paper we take into consideration these requirements and study scheduling problems arising in on-demand broadcast environment and propose an efficient algorithm. We report its performance and demonstrate that our algorithm successfully manage multi-item simple and transactional requests and significantly reduces the wait time, tuning time and avoids transaction aborts.
Sprouting of CGRP nerve fibers in response to dentin injury in rat molars.

Abstract Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry showed extensive increases in the number of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive (CGRP-IR) nerve fibers subjacent to injured root dentin of rat molars. Sprouting was greatest at 4 days and returned to normal 10–21 days post injury. Non-CGRP-IR fibers were also increased at 4 days. The result suggest that rapid reversible sprouting of sensory nerve fibers may be an integral part of tissue reactions to injury.
Vibration damping by coupling to lossy low-wave-speed media

In this paper, we study vibration damping in structures coupled to low-density media (such as powder or foam) in which the speed of sound propagation is relatively low. The results of several experiments in which flexural vibration of aluminum beams over a broad frequency range is damped by the introduction of a layer of lossy low-wave-speed foam are presented. We find that at frequencies high enough to set up standing waves through the thickness of the foam, damping coefficients as high as 0.07 can be obtained with a foam layer whose mass is 3.9% of that of the beam. Next, a model is presented for the flexural dynamics of coupled beam-foam systems in which we treat the foam material as a continuum in which waves of dilatation and distortion can propagate. Approximate solutions for the frequency response of the primary beam are obtained by means of a modal expansion, and the results are in close agreement with the measured responses.
Comparison and reproducibility of visual echocardiographic and quantitative radionyclide left ventricular ejection fractions

Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is commonly assessed by equilibrium radionuclide angiography and echocardiography. These methods are presumed to be interchangeable for this purpose. This study (1) compares quantification of LVEF by equilibrium radionuclide angiography with visual estimation of LVEF by echocardiography, (2) determines the reproducibility of both methods, and (3) evaluates whether differences in determinations of LVEF are of clinical relevance. Seventy-three clinically stable patients had both equilibrium radionuclide angiography and echocardiography performed within a 4-day period. LVEF by both techniques was compared after blinded analysis by 3 echocardiographers and 3 nuclear technologists. Reproducibility was assessed by blinded repeat analysis after a 1-week interval. The frequency of differences in repeat assessments of EF that the authors considered to be of potential clinical relevance (i.e., difference > or = 10% EF units) was assessed for both techniques. Correlation of LVEF determined by both methods was good (r = 0.81, SEE = 3.5) but with substantial differences in individual patients (limits of agreement, 23.6%). Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility was good for both methods, but better for radionuclide LVEF than for echocardiographic LVEF. Limits of agreement were substantially better for radionuclide LVEF than for echocardiographic LVEF (1.8% to 3.6% versus 13.4% to 17.4%, respectively). Clinically relevant differences did not occur on repeat processing of equilibrium radionuclide angiography. In contrast, potentially clinically relevant differences occurred in 8% to 26% of studies on repeat analysis of echocardiography. Thus, LVEF determined by equilibrium radionuclide angiography and echocardiography show good agreement. Both methods provide clinically valuable measurements for LV function. However, when a precisely reproducible measurement is required for patient management decisions, equilibrium radionuclide angiography is the method of choice.
Magnetic-field dependence of resonance recombination in spin-polarized atomic hydrogen.

The two-body recombination rate of spin-polarized atomic hydrogen has been studied at fixed temperatures in low magnetic fields. Rates in excess of the surface rate are attributed to resonant recombination. The field dependence of the lifetime of the bound state has been approximated by the relation tau = tau/sub 0/exp(-..cap alpha..B), and values for tau/sub 0/ and ..cap alpha.. have been determined.
THE ABSENCE OF CROSSING VESSELS IN ASSOCIATION WITH URETEROPELVIC JUNCTION OBSTRUCTION DETECTED BY PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY

AbstractPurpose: The widespread use of prenatal ultrasonography has led to a marked increase in the incidence of ureteropelvic junction obstruction presenting in infancy. Which of these prenatally detected lesions requires repair has yet to be fully determined. Attempts to characterize prenatally detected ureteropelvic junction obstruction in regard to symptomatic obstruction detected later in life may provide useful insights into the management of these incidentally discovered lesions. We evaluated the presence of crossing vessels in ureteropelvic junction obstruction identified by prenatal ultrasonography.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of patients who underwent dismembered pyeloplasty for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction with specific attention to the mode of presentation and presence of crossing vessels associated with obstruction.Results: In 30 patients with a mean age of 6 months ureteropelvic obstruction detected prenatally was not associated with a crossing vessel. Uretero...
Trends in δ → δ* Energies and Intensities in Bis(arylimino)isoindoline Complexes of Dimolybdenum

Abstract It has been found that the δ → δ* band in the electronic absorption spectra of a series of bis(arylimino)isoindoline dimolybdenum complexes, Mo2(BAII)(OAc)3, follows three trends. First, as the energy of the band decreases across the series its intensity increases. Second, as electron-releasing groups are added to the aryl portion of the ligand the energy of the band increases, while addition of electron-releasing groups decreases its energy. Third, as the parent aryl group becomes a better π-acceptor the band's energy decreases. These three trends are taken to indicate that the energy of the δ → °* band in this series of compounds is determined by mixing of a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transition with the original δ → δ* transition.
Avoiding the weak link

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to give an overview of linked data, and to look at some of the possibilities for leveraging linked data in library discovery systems.Design/methodology/approach – This paper explores linked data methodology, and the benefits of using linked data as a discovery mechanism. It briefly touches on the possibilities of using linked data within research.Findings – It is important for libraries to build in mechanisms for exposing data that are being archived and preserved digitally. This will help libraries to participate in the semantic web both by enriching one's own data exposure mechanisms as linked data, and by providing means for patrons to take advantage of the growing volume of linked data available on the internet.Originality/value – The paper explores the basic principles of using linked data, and compares and contrasts that with traditional web browsing using HTML pages. It also touches on the ways in which linked data can help researchers to gain access to data that ...
Transverse Effects In Swept-Gain Superradiance: Evolution From The Superradiant State

Results of numerical calculations are presented and analyzed for pulse generation and subsequent stabilization in large propagation distance z , for a collection of two-level absorbers which are swept-excited by an impulse inversion along the z-direction at the speed of light in the medium. The calculation is performed using the coupled Maxwell-Bloch formalism and for the conditions that T2 = T1 , T2 > ιc, g/κ > > 1, where T2 is macroscopic dipole moment dephasing time, T1 is the longitudinal relaxation time for the absorber, ιc is the characteristic superradiant cooperation time among the absorbers and g/κ is the linear gain, g , to diffraction loss, κ, ratio. Results of the calculation for nonlinear pulse evolution and propagation for one spacial dimension (planar case) is compared with the results for the comparable case where transverse mode coupling is included.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Determinants of drug and polypeptide bioavailability from aerosols delivered to the lung

Abstract Inhalation offers some exciting possibilities for the delivery of new generation products of biotechnology like polypeptides and proteins. Although the lungs and respiratory tract can metabolize some fraction of a delivered dose, the route offers an enormous absorptive surface area capable of delivering even large compounds to the circulation at acceptable rates. Dosimetry problems which are commonly associated with the administration of inhalation aerosols are inapplicable when lung-normal patients are considered. However, the dependence of lung metabolism and absorption upon molecular structure is poorly understood and requires further research. In the near future, it is likely that optimal formulations will be combined with modified aerosol delivery devices to maximize and achieve reproducible values for dose to lung. These will be used as alternatives to parenteral delivery for small through intermediate dose drugs which are not absorbed via the gastro-intestinal tract. Aerosol formulation, dosing and stability issues are discussed for proteins and other macromolecules, alongside the factors which are known to control and enhance pulmonary absorption. Issues concerning local immune responses are discussed especially as they may limit macromolecule delivery via inhalation.
Advances in the management of peritoneal mesothelioma

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (PM) is an infrequent disease which has historically been associated with a poor prognosis. Given its long latency period and non-specific symptomatology, a diagnosis of PM can be suggested by occupational exposure history, but ultimately relies heavily on imaging and diagnostic biopsy. Early treatment options including palliative operative debulking, intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy have marginally improved the natural course of the disease with median survival being approximately one year. The advent of cytoreduction (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has dramatically improved survival outcomes with wide median survival estimates between 2.5 to 9 years; these studies however remain largely heterogeneous, with differing study populations, tumor biology, and specific treatment regimens. More recent investigations have explored extent of cytoreduction, repeated operative intervention, and choice of chemotherapy but have been unable to offer definitive conclusions. CRS and HIPEC remain morbid procedures with complication rates ranging between 30% to 46% in larger series. Accordingly, an increasing interest in identifying molecular targets and developing targeted therapies is emerging. Among such novel targets is sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) which regulates the production of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a biologically active lipid implicated in various cancers including malignant mesothelioma. The known action of specific SphK inhibitors may warrant further exploration in peritoneal disease.
Infanticide in the hippopotamus: evidence for polygynous ungulates

Infanticide has been reported in a wide range of taxa. Although recent work suggests that infanticide may be present in managed populations of ungulate species, it has not been documented in wild ungulates. Here, I present qualitative evidence of infanticide in a wild ungulate, the hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and suggest that infanticide in the hippopotamus may be a strategy by which males increase reproductive success. I present a conceptual model in which infanticide by males occurs within approximately 50 days post parturition and acts as a means to shorten the interbirth interval, particularly when water resources are scarce, and territory takeovers or changes in dominance hierarchy are likely.
Colocalization of prolactin and growth hormone within specific adenohypophyseal cells in male, female, and lactating female rats.

The localization of PRL and GH within adenohypophysial cells has been investigated with immunocytochemical methodology using colloidal gold of different sizes. Classically, using morphological criteria at the light and electron microscope levels, two types of individual cells have been described which, it is believed, exclusively produce either PRL or GH, i.e. mammotrophs and somatotrophs. Since it has been reported that some gonadotrophs may colocalize and secrete both FSH and LH, and that some unidentified cells release both PRL and GH, we designed a study to investigate whether PRL and GH are present only in their respective specific cells or may be colocalized in mammotrophs and somatotrophs or possibly other types of cells within the pars distalis. Using immunocytochemistry at the electron microscope level we were able to label the two hormones with different sizes of colloidal gold bound to a second antibody and visualize them within pituitary cells. Two different primary antibodies to PRL and GH as...
Three-dimensional structure of the cytoplasmic face of the G protein receptor rhodopsin.

Rhodopsin is a G protein receptor from a many-membered family of membrane receptors. No high-resolution structure exists for any member of this family due to the insolubility of membrane proteins and the difficulty in crystallizing membrane proteins. Two new approaches to the structure of rhodopsin are described that circumvent these limitations: (1) individual solution structures of the four cytoplasmic domains of rhodopsin are fitted with the transmembrane domain; (2) the solution structure of a complex of the four cytoplasmic domains is determined from nuclear magnetic resonance data. The two structures are similar. To test the validity of these structures, specific site-to-site distances measured on intact membrane-bound rhodopsin are compared to the same distances on the structures reported here. Excellent agreement is obtained. Furthermore, the agreement is obtained with distances measured on the activated form of the receptor and not with distances on the dark-adapted form of rhodopsin. This appro...
Smoking Attitude, Behavior, and Beliefs of College Males

(1966). Smoking Attitude, Behavior, and Beliefs of College Males. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 65-78.
Selection of Enantioselective Acyl Transfer Catalysts from a Pooled Peptide Library through a Fluorescence-Based Activity Assay: An Approach to Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols of Broad Structural Scope

An assay employing a fluorescently labeled split and pool peptide library has been applied to the discovery of a new class of octapeptide catalysts for the kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols. A highly diverse library of peptide-based catalysts was synthesized on solid-phase synthesis beads such that each individual bead was co-functionalized with (i) a uniform loading of a pH-sensitive fluorophore and (ii) a unique peptide-based catalyst. The library was then screened for activity in acylation reactions employing (±)−sec-phenylethanol as the substrate and acetic anhydride as the acylation agent. From the most active catalysts, a lead peptide (4) was identified that provides a selectivity-factor (krel) of 8.2 upon resynthesis and evaluation under homogeneous conditions. A “directed” second-generation split and pool peptide library was synthesized such that the new peptide sequences in the library were biased toward the lead structure. Random samples of the second generation library were screened in s...
Elevated levels of protein in urine in adulthood after exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959–61 during gestation and the early postnatal period

Background: Animal models have suggested that undernutrition during gestation and the early postnatal period may adversely affect kidney development and compromise renal function. As a natural experiment, famines provide an opportunity to test such potential effects in humans. We assessed whether exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959–1961 during gestation and early postnatal life was associated with the levels of proteinuria among female adults three decades after exposure to the famine. Methods: We measured famine intensity using the cohort size shrinkage index and we constructed a difference-in-difference model to compare the levels of proteinuria, measured with a dipstick test of random urine specimens, among Chinese women (n = 70 543) whose exposure status to the famine varied across birth cohorts (born before, during or after the famine) and counties of residence with different degrees of famine intensity. Results: Famine exposure was associated with a greater risk [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.28; P = 0.029) of having higher level of proteinuria among women born during the famine years (1959–61) compared with the unexposed post famine-born cohort (1964–65) in rural samples. No association was observed among urban samples. Results were robust to adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: Severe undernutrition during gestation and the early postnatal period may have long-term effects on levels of proteinuria in humans, but the effect sizes may be small.
The Relationship Between Labor Market Structure and Clergy Compensation in Protestant Denominations

Many recent economic studies have shown that traditional economic theory applies to nontraditional settings such as religious organizations. This paper contrasts two labor markets for clergy that result from different denominational polities to examine the impact of labor market structure on clergy compensation in Protestant denominations. Many Protestant churches operate autonomously and clergy and congregations negotiate contracts in a free market. However, in a distinct sub-group of Protestant denominations there is involvement by denominational hierarchy in order to raise the level of clergy compensation and benefits. Regression analysis using a unique, random sample of US clergy suggests that different labor market structures result in economically important and statistically significant differences in the distributions of clergy salaries and benefits.
Spectral Line Shape Modelling and Ion Temperature Fluctuations in Tokamak Edge Plasmas

In this work, we use a passive advection model for ion temperature fluctuations, in order to investigate their effects on Doppler Spectral line shapes. The relevance of the model is discussed in the framework of the Braginskii equations, and the subsequent Probability Density Function evaluation relies on results obtained in neutral fluids. The resulting Doppler line profiles are shown to exhibit characteristic exponential tails.
Detecting regions of interest in dynamic scenes with camera motions

We present a method to detect the regions of interests in moving camera views of dynamic scenes with multiple moving objects. We start by extracting a global motion tendency that reflects the scene context by tracking movements of objects in the scene. We then use Gaussian process regression to represent the extracted motion tendency as a stochastic vector field. The generated stochastic field is robust to noise and can handle a video from an uncalibrated moving camera. We use the stochastic field for predicting important future regions of interest as the scene evolves dynamically. We evaluate our approach on a variety of videos of team sports and compare the detected regions of interest to the camera motion generated by actual camera operators. Our experimental results demonstrate that our approach is computationally efficient and provides better predictions than previously proposed RBF-based approaches.
Online Parameter Estimation of Permanent-Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor

In comparison with the conventional synchronous reluctance machines, permanent-magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor drives (PMa-SynRMs) have offered better torque capabilities and power factors. In order to achieve maximum efficiency, knowledge of the motor parameters is necessary to implement advanced control algorithms. Variation of motor parameters due to temperature and airgap flux has been reported in literature. Using offline models to estimate the motor parameters is known as a computationally intensive method, especially when the effect of cross saturation is included in the models. Therefore, in practical applications, online parameter estimation is favored to achieve a high-performance control system. In this paper, a simple practical method for parameter estimation of PMa-SynRM is introduced. This method is capable of identifying d- and q-axes inductances and the permanent-magnet back electromotive force
Survey of computer methods for fitting curves to discrete data or approximating continuous functions

In preparation for this survey I prepared a classified bibliography of recent publications ("Bibliography of Recent Publications in Approximation Theory with Emphasis on Computer Applications", to appear in Computer Reviews, ~, November 1968). In an effort to obtain a truly current impression of activity in approximation theory, letters were written in July to about 120 persons who are active in approximation theory and applications. Approximately 35 responded with valuable references and comments. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to these respondents particularly in view of the very short notice. I supplemented these references by scanning various journals published since January of this year. Even with a heavy bias toward only very recent work the bibliography finally included 394 titles.
Transferrin and the trophic effect of neural tissue on amphibian limb regeneration blastemas

Nerves promote regeneration of amputated urodele limbs, but the chemical basis of the effect is not known. We have examined the possible involvement of the iron-transport factor transferrin, which is important for cell proliferation and is present in vertebrate nervous tissue. Newt brain extract stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine in cultured blastemas from regenerating newt forelimbs, showing a biphasic dose-response similar to that of heterologous transferrin. As shown previously for transferrin, the inhibitory effect of brain extract at high concentrations was relieved by the addition of iron. Activity of brain extract was reduced by treatment with an iron-chelating agent and fully restored by the readdition of iron. Double immunodiffusion of newt tissue extracts and antibodies against newt plasma transferrin demonstrated the presence of transferrin-like factors in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerve. These results indicate that activity of transferrin may be part of the trophic effect of brain extract on cultured blastemas.
The auditory brainstem nuclei and some of their projections to the inferior colliculus in the North American opossum

Afferent projections to the inferior colliculus in the North American opossum have been examined using the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Projections to primarily the contralateral inferior colliculus arise in the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei, the auditory nerve nucleus and the spinal trigeminal nucleus pars caudalis, while ipsilateral projections arise in the superior paraolivary nucleus, the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, the paralemniscal nucleus, the deep layer of the superior colliculus and the parabrachial nucleus. Bilateral projections to the inferior colliculus originate within the dorsal column nuclei, the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis pars ventralis, the lateral and medial superior olivary nuclei, the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and the auditory cortex. Nissl, fiber and Golgi-stained preparations were used to study the neuronal organization of those auditory nuclei with projections to the inferior colliculus. Anterograde axonal degeneration and transport techniques revealed that the inferior colliculus is innervated differentially by the dorsal and ventral cochlear nucleus, the superior olivary complex and the auditory neocortex. Axons from the contralateral dorsal cochlear nucleus and the ipsilateral superior olivary complex innervate both the central nucleus and external cortex, whereas those from ventral cochlear nucleus and contralateral, superior olivary complex project to only the central nucleus. Projections from auditory cortex form the complement of those from the cochlear nuclei and superior olivary complex, that is, they terminate in a thin band overlying the dorsal cortex and the superficial layer of external cortex. Our results have been compared with those obtained from eutherian mammals and it is clear that there are striking similarities in neuronal organization and connectivity. Since the opossum is born 12 days after conception and has an extended development in an external pouch, it may be suited for developmental studies of the mammalian auditory connections and the behaviors dependent of them.
Response of ventilatory muscles of the rat to endurance training

The effect of endurance training on the oxidative and glycolytic potentials of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles of rats has been studied. Training consisted of treadmill running (28 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for periods ranging from 8–26 weeks. Exercise of similar duration and intensity produced a glycogen depletion in the diaphragm and intercostal muscles of nontrained rats. Oxidative potential was estimated from the activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). The activities of phosphorylase (PHOS), hexokinase (HK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined as well as the distribution of the LDH isozymes. SDH activity averaged 44 (42–51) and 17 (10–22)% (P<0.01) greater in the plantaris and diaphragm muscles, respectively, after 8–12 weeks of endurance running as compared to the sedentary animals. There was no change in the SDH activity of the intercostal muscles or in the activities of the glycolytic enzymes. There was also no change in the distribution of the isozymes of LDH. Extending the duration of the training program to 26 weeks did not produce any additional alteration in the magnitude of the adaptation observed after the initial training period. Comparative studies of different types of muscles demonstrated that the diaphragm, although having a fiber composition somewhat similar to that of a fast-twitch skeletal muscle, has a metabolic profile that is intermediate between pure slow twitch skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle.
Helium and Neon Groundwater Tracers to Measure Residual DNAPL: Laboratory Investigation

A laboratory investigation was conducted to evaluate the applicability of dissolved He and Ne as partitioning tracers for detecting and quantifying nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) in the saturated zone. Based on the results of batch experiments, the equilibrium NAPL–water partition coefficients ( K N,W ) of these tracers for two common dense NAPLs (DNAPLs), tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE), are: K PCE,W = 1.28 and K TCE,W = 2.42 for He, and K PCE,W = 1.84 and K TCE,W = 3.24 for Ne. Tracer partitioning is linear across the range of concentrations tested, and appears to be linear even near aqueous solubility limits of the gases. Multiple partitioning tracer tests (PTTs) were conducted in columns, and residual TCE saturations ( S TCE ) ranging from 4.7 to 10.5% were successfully measured by the tracers. Sensitivity analysis for the column experiments indicates that random tracer-measurement error of up to ±20% had little effect on results; however, accurate characterization of the tail region of the tracer curves is particularly important. Therefore, the low analytical detection limits possible with dissolved He and Ne (4 to 5 orders of magnitude below aqueous solubility) may permit better tracer curve characterization than commonly used alcohol partitioning tracers, and is a notable advantage for these tracers. Due to their high Henry9s Law constants, these gases will also partition into trapped air present in the tracer sweep zone. Equations are presented for estimating both trapped air and NAPL saturation for PTTs where three phases are present (water, trapped air, and residual NAPL). The results of this investigation provide a basis for field-scale application of dissolved He and Ne as groundwater partitioning tracers.