cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wall Effects on the Brownian Movement, Thermophoresis, and Deposition of Nanoparticles in Liquids

It is well known that the hydrodynamic drag on particles is significantly enhanced close to a plane or curved boundary. This enhancement impedes the movement of the particles in both the parallel and the normal directions with respect to the wall. In the presence of a temperature gradient, the Brownian movement of particles induces the phenomenon of thermophoresis, which results in the steady motion of the particles toward the colder domains of the flow field. This paper examines the effect of the enhanced wall drag on the thermophoretic movement of the nanoparticles in a Newtonian fluid, at short distances (0–10 radii) from a flat, horizontal wall. The effect of the flow shear lift on the thermophoretic motion of the particles close to a horizontal wall is also examined. It is observed that the movement of the particles toward the plane wall is significantly retarded because of the enhanced drag and that it, actually, causes particle accumulation close to the plane wall. It is also observed that the lift, which is induced by the relative Brownian movement, does not have an effect on the average motion of particles toward the wall and does not play an important role on the deposition of particles.
Nudt3 is an mRNA decapping enzyme that modulates cell migration

Removal of the 5'-end 7-methylguanosine cap structure is a critical step in the highly regulated process of mRNA decay. The Nudix hydrolase, Dcp2, was identified as a first decapping enzyme and subsequently shown to preferentially modulate stability of only a subset of mRNAs. This observation led to the hypothesis that mammalian cells possess multiple decapping enzymes that may function in distinct pathways. Here we report Nudt3 is a Nudix protein that possesses mRNA decapping activity in cells and is a modulator of MCF-7 breast cancer cell migration. Reduction of Nudt3 protein levels in MCF-7 cells promotes increased cell migration and corresponding enhanced filopodia extensions. Importantly, this phenotype was reversed by complementation with wild type, but not catalytically inactive Nudt3 protein indicating Nudt3 decapping activity normally functions to control cell migration. Genome-wide analysis of Nudt3 compromised cells identified elevated levels of transcripts involved in cell motility including integrin β6, lipocalin-2, and fibronectin. The observed increase in mRNA abundance was dependent on Nudt3 decapping activity where integrin β6 and lipocalin-2 were modulated directly through mRNA stability, while fibronectin was indirectly controlled. Moreover, increased cell migration observed in Nudt3 knockdown cells was mediated through the extracellular integrin β6 and fibronectin protein nexus. We conclude that Nudt3 is an mRNA decapping enzyme that orchestrates expression of a subset of mRNAs to modulate cell migration and further substantiates the existence of multiple decapping enzymes functioning in distinct cellular pathways in mammals.
Comparing Between- and Within-Group Variances in a Two-Level Study: A Latent Variable Modeling Approach to Evaluating Their Relationship

This note is concerned with examining the relationship between within-group and between-group variances in two-level nested designs. A latent variable modeling approach is outlined that permits point and interval estimation of their ratio and allows their comparison in a multilevel study. The procedure can also be used to test various hypotheses about the discrepancy between these two variances and assist with their relationship interpretability in empirical investigations. The method can also be utilized as an addendum to point and interval estimation of the popular intraclass correlation coefficient in hierarchical designs. The discussed approach is illustrated with a numerical example.
Humanitarian Funding in a Multi-Donor Market with Donation Uncertainty

This study analyzes the trade-off between funding strategies and operational performance in humanitarian operations. If a Humanitarian Organization (HO) offers donors the option of earmarking their donations, HO should expect an increase in total donations. However, earmarking creates constraints in resource allocation that negatively affect HO's operational performance. We study this trade-off from the perspective of a single HO that maximizes its expected utility as a function of total donations and operational performance. HO implements disaster response and development programs and it operates in a multi-donor market with donation uncertainty. Using a model inspired by Scarf's minimax approach and the newsvendor framework, we analyze the strategic interaction between HO and its donors. The numerical section is based on real data from 15 disasters during the period 2012–2013. We find that poor operational performance has a larger effect on HO's utility function when donors are more uncertain about HO's expected needs for disaster response. Interestingly, increasing the public awareness of development programs helps HO to get more non-earmarked donations for disaster response. Increasing non-earmarked donations improves HO's operational efficiency, which mitigates the impact of donation uncertainty on HO's utility function.
Characterization of Two Stable Degradants of Palladium tBuXPhos Catalyst and a Unique Dearomatization Reaction

Two stable degradants of palladium tBuXPhos catalyst have been synthesized from tBuXPhos and Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3, isolated, and fully characterized. Complex 2 augments the known literature examples of palladacycles from this ligand family but is present as a rare four-membered-ring palladacycle, having activated the top ring of the ligand. Complex 3 is an unusual case of palladium-mediated dearomatization, whereby chloroform functionalizes the bottom ring, generating a palladium allyl complex. The mechanism is assigned to an electrophilic carbene attack where palladium directs attack of dichlorocarbene to the anti face of the bottom arene. The structures have been confirmed by NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Process Optimization of Boceprevir: A Protease Inhibitor Drug

Efforts toward the synthesis and process optimization of boceprevir 1 are described. Boceprevir synthesis was optimized by telescoping the first three steps and last two steps of the five-step process. Optimization of oxidation, which is one of the critical steps in the total synthesis, is discussed. A control strategy for the three impurities is described. A novel process for the synthesis of fragment A (2) has been developed, which is the key starting material for the synthesis of boceprevir.
Failure Analysis on Ball Bearings For Auto Alternator

The analysis aiming at front bearing failure of alternator shaft in automobile engine,looking into the cause of failure,it is considered that a new bearing flaking style occurred under high vaiable speed,a preliminary study on cause of flaking is carried out now.
A Jet-Stream Solution for the Current in Planar-Doped-Barrier Devices

An analytical model of hot electron transport over planar-doped-barriers is presented. For long diodes the electronic current is slow diffusion-like nature (≥0.2μm). For short diodes a “jet-stream solution” for the current has been obtained by solving the Boltzmann transport equation explicitly. Our model is directly applicable to GaAs for barrier heights below the L valleys and confirms the possibility of speed enhancement of such diodes in a limited range of bias-voltage and barrier geometry.
Prevention of psychological disability after occupational respiratory exposures.

"Psychological injury" in the workplace constitutes the fastest-growing sector of workers' compensation disability claims in several states. Most such claims pertain to effects of "occupational stress," including interpersonal conflicts with supervisors or co-workers, adaptation to changing work practices, and job insecurity. Of equal interest are the psychological consequences of chemical insults on the job. In the case of occupational respiratory exposures, psychological co-morbidity may occur along with a variety of acute, chronic, and latent illness states. Both predictable responses (such as adjustment reactions to disabling physical conditions) and idiopathic patterns (such as the development of odor-conditioned panic attacks or panic disorder) have been described. Physicians who evaluate and treat such patients need to be alert to the potential interaction of physiological and psychological stressors. Effective prevention and treatment requires not only an appreciation of the patient's view of the disease process, but also a recognition of the role of prognostic uncertainty in the subsequent development of anxiety symptoms. In some cases, exclusive attention to physical signs and symptoms may actually lead to a worsening of impairment and disability.
Redistribution of protein kinase C isoforms in association with vascular hypertrophy of rat aorta.

Freshly enzymatically isolated cells from the aorta of a rat model of vascular hypertrophy were used to investigate the role of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms during a physiologically relevant gro...
A look around at what lies ahead: Prediction and predictability in language processing.

Traditionally, prediction has been considered an ineffi cient and cognitively expensive processing mechanism in the domain of language comprehension, where there are many possible ways for relaying a single thought, meaning or desire and the chances of mispredicting are accordingly high. Predictive linguistic processing, however, does not seem untenable given its similarity to other neural processing domains that are contextually grounded and appear to implement knowledgeand experience-based mental representations anticipatorily. Here, we examine linguistic prediction from multiple perspectives, ranging from theoretical models that analyze predictability at the level of ambiguity resolution, to experimental evidence primarily from event-related brain potentials (ERPs) that supports a “strong” model of prediction in which items are not just incrementally integrated, but are wholly or featurally pre-activated via accruing mental sentential representations. We also explore possible consequences of a neural language parser (aka, brain) that may be prone to mispredicting, and what electrophysiological evidence for such processing may look like. We conclude by arguing for the importance of investigating such linguistic eff ects as yet another example of a neural system in which probability estimation is inherent, with a proposal to move beyond the debate of whether there is linguistic prediction, toward focusing research eff orts on how pre-activation may occur and what is pre-activated. POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF LINGUISTIC
Language, Aphasias, and Related Disorders

Language consists of ideas that we convert into linguistic construction through an output that may be vocal or graphic. Ideas can also be transmitted by other means such as music, images, and visual art. An example of the latter was the imagistic transmission of concepts represented by the Franco Cantabrian cave art, dated to 40,000 years ago, for example. Archeological evidence is that visual art forms long preceded language. The earliest evidence of visual art we have dates to the Blombos cave findings estimated at 100,000 years ago [1].
Sustaining cooperation in heterogeneous groups

Abstract The public goods game has been studied extensively in the lab as the quintessential model of a social dilemma. Several mechanisms have been demonstrated to promote group cooperation in linear voluntary contribution experiments – such as communication, costly punishment, and centralized bonuses and fines. However, lab experiments have largely neglected a central obstacle to efficient public good provision: Individuals typically have different, private demands for consumption, hindering the ability of either a central authority or the group members themselves to calculate and enforce the optimal behavior. I adapt the standard public goods game to incorporate heterogeneous incentives and provide an assessment of each mechanism in this richer environment. I find that baseline cooperation is similar to that in the standard linear game. Sanctions are weak and generally ineffective. Communication, however, does promote cooperation, especially when subjects are given the opportunity to reveal their demand or demand is observable. Finally, a centralized fine/bonus scheme is most effective at increasing contributions, but low demanders must pay a fine in equilibrium.
Major Surgical Interventions - Survey of Hematologists To Determine Personal/Institutional Preferences Regarding Management of Hemophilia Patients.

Objective : To determine individual/institutional practices at hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs) regarding management of severe hemophilia patients during major surgery (e.g., knee replacement, appendectomy), both in the absence and presence of low and high titer inhibitors to Factor VIII (FVIII). Background : There are considerable variations in the management of hemophilia patients undergoing surgery. The use of alternative products like Amicar, recombinant Factor VIIa (rFVIIa) and FEIBA is also growing. Methods : The survey was distributed to both adult and pediatric hematologists at HTCs listed on the CDC website. Ninety-three surveys were successfully emailed. Survey questions evaluated management of hemophilia patients during major surgical procedures, both in the absence and presence of a low and high titer inhibitor. Results : Surveys from 32 HTCs were received. Twenty-two respondents were affiliated with a University Hospital. For patients without inhibitor, the majority of respondents prefer a pre-operative bolus dose of 50 U/kg (84%, 22/28, range 40–70 U/kg); 15 respondents prefer a continuous dose (range 2–8 U/kg/hr). For the post-operative dose, 11 reported a bolus dose, usually 25–50 u/kg; 17 reported using a continuous dose (range 2–8 U/kg/hr). Total number of days treated pre-operatively was reported as less than a day by 90% (18/20) respondents; days of post operative treatment ranged from 7–42 with a median of 13 days (n=22). Desired FVIII level ranged from 50–100% for 3– 15 days. Median number of days inpatient was 6 (n=21). Eight percent (2/25) reported adjuvant use of Amicar. Thirty-nine percent (11/28) reported use of thrombotic prophylaxis after surgery. For patients with high titer inhibitor levels, only 1 respondent reported a pre or post operative FVIII bolus or continuous dose. The reported rFVIIa dose in patients with high titer inhibitor, ranged from 90–270 mcg/kg (most reporting 90 mcg/kg), with most reporting a frequency of every 2 hours for a range of 1–14 days. The reported FEIBA dose in patients with high titer inhibitors ranged from 50–100 U/kg (most 75 U/kg) with most reporting a frequency of every 12 hours for 6–14 days. Sixty four percent (7/11) reported use of thrombotic prophylaxis after surgery. Conclusion : Substantial practice variations exist in managing major surgeries in hemophilia patients, both with and without low and high titer inhibitors. This data will assist in developing future clinical trials and practice guidelines for management of hemophilia patients undergoing surgical procedures.
Social Support, Social Strain, and Cognitive Function Among Community-Dwelling U.S. Chinese Older Adults.

Background Limited research is available on the relationship between social support, social strain, and cognitive function among community-dwelling U.S. Chinese older adults. This study aims to examine the associations between social support/strain and cognitive outcomes. Methods Data were drawn from the Population-Based Study of Chinese Elderly (N = 3,159). Cognitive function was measured by a battery of tests including the East Boston Memory Test, the Digit Span Backwards assessment, and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Social support and strain were measured by the scales drawn from the Health and Retirement study. Multiple regression analyses were conducted. Results Social support was significantly associated with global cognitive function (β = .11, SE = .02, p < .001), episodic memory (β = .11, SE = .03, p < .001), working memory (β = .18, SE = .08, p < .05), and executive function (β = 1.44, SE = .37, p < .001). Social strain was significantly associated with global cognitive function (β = .23, SE = .05, p < .001), episodic memory (β = .27, SE = .07, p < .001), working memory (β = .34, SE = .17, p < .05), and executive function (β = 2.75, SE = .85, p < .01). In terms of sources of social support/strain, higher support from friends was significantly associated with higher global cognitive function (β = .04, SE = .02, p < .05), higher episodic memory (β = .05, SE = .02, p < .05), and higher executive function (β = .71, SE = .29, p < .05). Higher strain from spouse was significantly associated with higher global cognitive function (β = .10, SE = .03, p < .01), higher episodic memory (β = .11, SE = .04, p < .01), and higher executive function (β = 1.28, SE = .49, p < .01). Higher strain from friends was significantly associated with higher executive function (β = 3.59, SE = 1.17, p < .01). Conclusions Social support and strain were associated with cognitive outcomes. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted.
Genetic programming based Choquet integral for multi-source fusion

While the Choquet integral (Chi) is a powerful parametric nonlinear aggregation function, it has limited scope and is not a universal function generator. Herein, we focus on a class of problems that are outside the scope of a single Chi. Namely, we are interested in tasks where different subsets of inputs require different Chls. Herein, a genetic program (GF) is used to extend the Chi, referred to as GpChI hereafter, specifically in terms of compositions of Chls and/or arithmetic combinations of Chls. An algorithm is put forth to leam the different GP Chls via genetic algorithm (GA) optimization. Synthetic experiments demonstrate GpChI in a controlled fashion, i.e., we know the answer and can compare what is learned to the truth. Real-world experiments are also provided for the mult-sensor fusion of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and ground penetrating radar (GPR) for explosive hazard detection. Our mutli-sensor fusion experiments show that there is utility in changing aggregation strategy per different subsets of inputs (sensors or algorithms) and fusing those results.
Teaching March in the Borderlands between Social Justice and Pop Culture

Hoeness-Krupsaw’s chapter focuses on the recent publication of Congressman John Lewis’s graphic memoir March, a work that permits instructors of any course to introduce students to current political and historical events through an attractively laid out graphic medium, which, as Scott McCloud suggests, can amplify a topic by simplifying it (30). With this hybrid medium in the “gutter” between text and picture, students can easily be led to a greater understanding of the Civil Rights Movement. As a graphic narrative, Lewis’s memoir caters to the students’ already existing understanding of American superhero comics. Traditional realism reflects the external world while the cartoon elements address the world within. Despite the realistic historical setting of the narrative, elements of characterization as well as identity formation, Lewis is also elevated to mythic levels. The content also echoes recently successful popular movies, such as Selma and The Butler, permitting instructors to reflect on content and genre similarities and differences. Moreover, the graphic medium sharpens students’ reading skills with flashbacks, symbolism, and provocative visual style choices.
Structural disruption of genomic regions containing ultraconserved elements is associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes

The development of the human brain and nervous system can be affected by genetic or environmental factors. Here we focus on characterizing the genetic perturbations that accompany and may contribute to neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Specifically, we examine two types of structural variants, namely, copy number variation and balanced chromosome rearrangements, discovered in subjects with neurodevelopmental disorders and related phenotypes. We find that a feature uniting these types of genetic aberrations is a proximity to ultraconserved elements (UCEs), which are sequences that are perfectly conserved between the reference genomes of distantly related species. In particular, while UCEs are generally depleted from copy number variant regions in healthy individuals, they are, on the whole, enriched in genomic regions disrupted by copy number variants or breakpoints of balanced rearrangements in affected individuals. Additionally, while genes associated with neurodevelopmental disorders are enriched in UCEs, this does not account for the excess of UCEs either in copy number variants or close to the breakpoints of balanced rearrangements in affected individuals. Indeed, our data are consistent with some manifestations of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from a disruption of genome integrity in the vicinity of UCEs.
The Perceived Value of Online Cancer Resources Among Loved Ones of People With Cancer.

OBJECTIVES To examine the experiences with, opinions of, and reactions to online cancer information of loved ones of people with cancer. SAMPLE A SETTING 10 loved ones of people with cancer recruited from a pool of participants who completed a survey about cancer website experiences. METHODS A VARIABLES Qualitative, semistructured interview questions concerned the perceived value of and reactions to online cancer information. Responses were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. RESULTS Cancer websites play an important role, often serving as a first source of information. All participants said the Internet was helpful but could lead to negative emotions or misinformation. Future efforts should seek to mitigate the negative effects associated with the use of such websites. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Healthcare providers should direct people with cancer and their loved ones to reputable websites that provide support in conjunction with information, or work toward developing their own in-depth resources.
Facile Synthesis of Anatase TiO 2 Nanospheres as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Anatase TiO2 nanospheres (ATNSs) were successfully prepared through a facile solvothermal method followed by a thermal treatment. The sample was characterized by scanning electrons microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum and nitrogen adsorption techniques. When tested as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries, the electrode of ATNSs delivered a large discharge capacity of 208 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at a current density of 50 mA g−1, indicating excellent cycling performance. This could be attributed to the uniform structure of the nanospheres with large surface area and porous nature, providing more active sites, buffering volume change, and facilitating the sodium ion intercalation as well as rapid diffusion during the charge/discharge process. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that the sodium storage mechanism is mainly controlled by pseudocapacitive behavior, resulting in a large capacity and outstanding cycling stability.
Characterization of genes expressed during vegetative organ development in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

A potato MADS-box gene cDNA {POTMl-l) from an early tuber cDNA library has been isolated and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of POTMl-l cDNA encodes 250 amino acids of a putative transcription factor containing a MADS-box domain and a K-box domain. These conserved domains share high homologies to those of flower-specific homeotic proteins, TM4 of tomato and API of Arabidopsis, indicating that POTMl-l gene is a homolog of the APi gene family. The putative secondary structure in the K-box domain contains an amphipathic helix structure that is similar to those in other plant MADS-box proteins. A potential phosphorylation and four glycosylation sites are located in POTMl-l protein, suggesting that posttranslational modification may be involved in the processing of POTMl-l. The levels of POTMl-l transcripts were high in leaves, roots, aerial shoot tips, underground stolon tips, newly formed tubers, and late flowers, but relatively low in stems, early flowers.
COMPUTERIZED IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN CLASSICAL TOMOGRAPHY

Summary The wide application of CAT and related systems has generated interest in extending computer techniques to classical tomography. In this paper we review some recent work in computerized (classical) tomography and suggest some extensions through the use of techniques borrowed from coding and radar theory.
The Changing Nature of Female Delinquency

Traditional discussions of attitudinal and behavioral differences between males and females have consistently confused sex with gender. A person’s sex is biological while gender connotes behavior learned from the pool of cues present in the sociocultural environment and through interaction with significant and generalized others (Karlin, 1971; Sears, 1970; G. H. Mead, 1935). Gender characteristics of males and females are not the result of innate biological or psychological differences but are derived from the socialization process, which varies considerably from one society to another (M. Mead, 1935).
A latent class analysis of alcohol and drug use immediately before or during sex among women.

Background: Alcohol and drug use by women is related to high-risk sexual practices and protective behaviors. Objectives: To determine sexual risk and protective behaviors using information about wo...
Sentencing Drug Court Failures: Judicial Considerations With Increased Offender Information:

This study explores the influential predictors of sentence severity within a sample of drug court failures. This sample is unique, in that, judges possess greater amounts of offender information at...
A qualitative investigation of policy for youth with problematic sexual behavior.

Aims Community management of youth with problematic sexual behavior (PSB) is complex. Public policies and service practices have historically utilized adult-focused approaches with limited research outcomes. This descriptive case study aimed to address this gap by documenting current PSB policies and policy reforms for community-based management systems. Method Semi-structured interviews with 219 professionals from eight urban and rural communities throughout the United States served as the primary data source for the study. The three-stage Framework Method was used to guide the data analysis process. Results This study covered three areas: context of policy development, attitudes, and perceptions of policy for youth with PSB, and existing policy and policy reform initiatives. Conclusion Findings support benefits of collaborative multidisciplinary teams that cross agency policies and procedures on management of cases involving youth with PSB. Implications for practitioners, policymakers, and community members are discussed.
Mainstreaming Electronic Journals Through Improved Indexing: Prospects for the Social Sciences

s in Anthropology Unlike EconLit, Abstracts in Anthropology has just begun to examine the issues involved with indexing electronic journals. While it is not current indexing any e-titles, the editors and publisher have begun to investigate issues that need to be addressed as a first step. Key concerns are fickle URLs and longevity, although they recognize that inclusion of short-lived publications with real research value may be worthwhile if the title can be accessed in perpetuity. Currently the publisher is considering making the contents of Abstracts in Anthropology available on the Web, with the full text of abstracts which users can view using Adobe Acrobat software available via password. For the subscription price, the subscriber would get a password and unlimited access for a set period, such as a year. Subscribers who choose not to renew their subscription would no longer have access to subsequent issues but would retain access to the volumes for which they have paid. [interesting information, but what does it have to do with incluson of e-journals? Is this relevant, or just an aside? If not relevant, omit.] The editors are also concerned about how to properly cite an online article and with the quality of the publications in question. Some electronic journals claim to be peer-reviewed, but staff say that the contents appear so quickly that it is hard to believe that publication standards have been upheld. They believe that doubt on the part of researchers concerning the recognition of e-journals for promotion and tenure probably affects the quality of the manuscripts which are submitted. For certain subfields of the discipline, such as archaeology, the editors are concerned that the quality and resolution of illustrations may not compare with those available in print. The editors suggest that they are unlikely to include electronic
‘In the Centre of the Map…’: Reflecting on Marshall Hodgson’s Ideas about Conscience and History in the Architectural Experience of Humayun

To resituate early Mughal architecture within a Persianate context, this paper considers the three axes of geography, scale, and meaning. After introducing this conceptual framework, we turn to his...
A Study on the Change of Water of Crystallization by X-Ray Diffraction Data Stored in ASTM Magnetic Tape

One of the important uses of x-ray diffraction data has been the detection, identification, and semiquantitative determination of the existence of a number of molecules of water in an organic or an inorganic compound. Listings of the hydrated compounds are to be found in the ASTM x-ray diffraction file. Among the 18,000 entries, some of them are known to have water of crystallization ranging from one to as many as five or more molecules. The ASTM x-ray diffraction data have been computerized. In its latest version, a search by Fortran IV on the change of water of crystallization involving one or more species can be carried out in a matter of seconds. For this study, any change in water of crystallization due to experimental conditions resulting in the appearance of new x-ray diffraction patterns is ascertained by introducing these data to the computer. Specific examples will be given in this paper.
What Is the Optimal Primary Care Panel Size?: A Systematic Review.

Background Primary care for a panel of patients is a central component of population health, but the optimal panel size is unclear. Purpose To review evidence about the association of primary care panel size with health care outcomes and provider burnout. Data sources English-language searches of multiple databases from inception to October 2019 and Google searches performed in September 2019. Study selection English-language studies of any design, including simulation models, that assessed the association between primary care panel size and safety, efficacy, patient-centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, equity, or provider burnout. Data extraction Independent, dual-reviewer extraction; group consensus rating of certainty of evidence. Data synthesis Sixteen hypothesis-testing studies and 12 simulation modeling studies met inclusion criteria. All but 1 hypothesis-testing study were cross-sectional assessments of association. Three studies each provided low-certainty evidence that increasing panel size was associated with no or modestly adverse effects on patient-centered and effective care. Eight studies provided low-certainty evidence that increasing panel size was associated with variable effects on timely care. No studies assessed the effect of panel size on safety, efficiency, or equity. One study provided very-low-certainty evidence of an association between increased panel size and provider burnout. The 12 simulation studies evaluated 5 models; all used access as the only outcome of care. Five and 2 studies, respectively, provided moderate-certainty evidence that adjusting panel size for case mix and adding clinical conditions to the case mix resulted in better access. Limitation No studies had concurrent comparison groups, and published and unpublished studies may have been missed. Conclusion Evidence is insufficient to make evidence-based recommendations about the optimal primary care panel size for achieving beneficial health outcomes. Primary funding source Veterans Affairs Quality Enhancement Research Initiative.
BE-FAST: A Sensitive Screening Tool to Identify In-Hospital Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Abstract Background: Development of acute ischemic stroke in hospitalized patients represents a significant proportion of all cerebral ischemia. Several prehospital stroke scales were developed to screen for acute ischemic stroke in the community. Despite the advent of inpatient stroke alert systems, there is a lack of validated screening tools for the inpatient population. This study aims to assess the validity of BE-FAST (Balance, Eyes, Face, Arm, Speech, Time) as a screening tool for acute ischemic stroke among inpatients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all stroke alert activations at a single academic medical center between 2012 and 2016. We classified the triggering symptom as: focal neurologic deficit, aphasia, dysarthria, ataxia/vertigo/dizziness, alteration of consciousness, acute confusion, or headache. BE-FAST was applied retrospectively, and patients were classified as BE-FAST positive or negative. The final diagnosis was classified as acute ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack , intracranial hemorrhage or noncerebrovascular diagnosis. Results: Of 1965 stroke alerts, 489 were among inpatients. The mean age was 63 ± 16.1 years; 57% of patients were women (n = 1121). Acute ischemic stroke was diagnosed in 29% of all the activations (n = 567), transient ischemic attack in 12% (n = 232), intracranial hemorrhage in 8 % (n = 160) and noncerebrovascular in 51% (n = 1006). When comparing inpatient with community-onset stroke alerts, the sensitivity of BE-FAST for diagnosing acute ischemic stroke was 85% versus 94% (P = .005), with a specificity of 43% versus 23% (P
Small-Signal Modeling of Open-Loop PWM Tapped-Inductor Buck DC–DC Converter in CCM

A tapped-inductor buck dc–dc converter uses the tapped-inductor to further step-down the output voltage. This article presents a small-signal model of a tapped-inductor buck dc–dc converter by using the circuit averaging technique. The obtained nonlinear model is linearized to derive its linear large-signal, small-signal, and dc models. The small-signal model is then used to derive open-loop transfer functions namely, control-to-output voltage transfer function and the input-to-output voltage transfer function. MATLAB was used to obtain their respective Bode plots and later validated experimentally using a gain-phase network analyzer.
Advances in Embodied Construction Grammar

Abstract This paper describes the continuing goals and present status of the ICSI/UC Berkeley efforts on Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG). ECG is semantics-based formalism grounded in cognitive linguistics. ECG is the most explicitly inter-disciplinary of the construction grammars with deep links to computation, neuroscience, and cognitive science. Work continues on core cognitive, computational, and linguistic issues, including aspects of the mind/body problem. Much of the recent emphasis has been on applications and on tools to facilitate new applications. Extensive documentation plus downloadable systems and grammars can be found at the ECG Homepage.1
Enhancing the sustainability of a Dedicated Education Unit: Overcoming obstacles and strengthening partnerships.

Abstract Background Dedicated Education Units are innovative teaching models that involve collaboration between nurse educators and clinical institutions to provide effective clinical learning. An essential requisite for Dedication Education Units is an effective academic-practice partnership. Following the initiation of a Dedicated Education Unit, partnerships can fade and lines of communication can deteriorate, resulting in dissatisfaction or termination of the partnership. Problem The ongoing sustainability of a Dedicated Education Unit was questioned due to personnel turnover, communication challenges, and infrequent provision of training for nurses. Approach A redesign project was implemented with the goal to improve academic-practice collaboration, confirm mutual benefit, and envision long-term sustainability. Focus groups were conducted with key stakeholders to identify and evaluate program revisions following three semesters of student rotations on the redesigned Dedicated Education Unit. Outcomes The redesigned Dedicated Education Unit elements received overwhelmingly positive feedback from nurses, students, and faculty. Participants reported increased collaboration between the academic and practice partners, improved communication between faculty and nurses, increased student satisfaction, and improved role preparation for nurses. Conclusion This project demonstrated that Dedicated Education Units can provide mutual benefits to academic and practice partners; however, ongoing collaboration from all members of the partnership is essential for ongoing sustainability.
Letter by Heegaard et al Regarding Article, “Sudden Cardiac Arrest and Death Following Application of Shocks From a TASER Electronic Control Device”

The TASER International’s Scientific Medical Advisory Board read with interest the medical expert series from Dr Zipes.1 Complete, balanced, and impartial medical expert testimony are important contributors to advancing medical science. In this series, we believe that Dr Zipes missed or disregarded crucial information. Cases 4 and 5 are examples; there are others. In case 4, video, acoustic, forensic, and probe analysis indicate no contact made between the TASER probe and the suspect’s chest. The emergency medical technician paramedic present documented and testified under oath that both pulse and respirations were present for >8 minutes after electronic control device (ECD) deployment.2 Dr Zipes, as an expert witness in this case, either missed or disregarded this information. For case 5, every medical personnel interpreted …
Relating sinking and suspended microbial communities in the California Current Ecosystem: digestion resistance and the contributions of phytoplankton taxa to export.

We used 16S, 18S, plastid and internal transcribed spacer (for Synechococcus strains) sequencing to quantify relative microbial abundances in water-column samples and on sediment-trap-collected particles across an environmental gradient in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE) spanning a > 60-fold range of surface chlorophyll. Most mixed-layer dominant eukaryotes and prokaryotes were consistently underrepresented on sinking particles. Diatoms were the only phototrophic taxa consistently overrepresented. Even within this class, however, one genus (Thalassiosira) was a particle-enriched dominant, while a similarly abundant species was poorly represented. Synechococcus was significantly enriched on sinking particles at only one of four sites, but clade I was disproportionately abundant on sinking particles throughout the region compared with clade IV, the euphotic-zone co-dominant. The most abundant microbes on particles across the CCE were organisms with distributional maxima close to the sediment-trap depth (rhizarians), microbes associated with metazoans or sinking particles as a nutritional habitat (certain alveolates, Gammaproteobacteria) and organisms that resist digestive degradation of their DNA (Thalassiosira, Synechococcus). For assessing taxon contributions of phytoplankton to carbon export, our results highlight the need for sequence-based quantitative approaches that can be used to integrate euphotic-zone abundances, compute rates and account for taxon differences in preservation of sequence markers through trophic processing.
Exploring the Knowledge and Skills of Systems-Level Coaches within Elementary Schools Implementing Multitiered Systems of Support

AbstractThis article describes the professional development initiative called Effective Behavioral and Instructional Support Systems (EBISS). The initiative focuses on an integrated, multitiered fr...
The 2175-A feature from irradiated graphitic particles

In diffuse clouds, a subpopulation of the carbon grains is graphitized by UV starlight during cloud lifetimes of roughly 100 Myr. Graphitic dust created in this way will behave like monosize Rayleigh particles and produce a 2175-A absorption band showing a Lorentzian profile. A physical model is outlined in which the strength and width of the band correlate with the dust grain environment, but the central wavelength is fixed by the Froehlich frequency for surface plasmons in a homogeneous sphere. On this model, the band appears strong and narrow only in dust clouds where the flux of UV starlight is high and the H atom gas density is low. The width of the band increases from diffuse to dense clouds mainly as a result of gas-phase H atoms accreted on to the grain surface. It is shown that hydrogenation weakens the band in dense clouds, and thus explains the anticorrelation between band strength and high carbon depletion. The model as a whole uses only 30 percent of the cosmic carbon and gives good agreement with observations of the 2175-A feature and the average interstellar extinction law.
NEUTROPHIL ADHESION TO HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IS INDUCED BY THE MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX: THE ROLES OF P-SELECTIN AND PLATELET ACTIVATING FACTOR

A variety of inflammatory diseases are accompanied by activation of the complement system. We examined the role of the membrane attack complex (MAC) in mediating neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. To assemble the MAC in endothelial cell monolayers, a C5b-like molecule was created through the treatment of purified C5 with the oxidizing agent chloramine-T, followed by addition of the remaining components (C6-C9) that constitute the MAC. Use of this method abrogated potentially confounding effects mediated by other complement components (e.g., C5a). MAC assembly resulted in a rapid (30 min), concentration-dependent increase in neutrophil adherence. A monoclonal antibody directed against P-selectin inhibited MAC-mediated neutrophil adhesion. A whole cell EIA confirmed P-selectin expression after formation of the MAC. Incubation of neutrophils with the platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist, CF 3988, also significantly decreased adhesion, indicating that PAF plays a role in MAC-mediated adhesion. These results suggest that the MAC can promote neutrophil adhesion through P-selectin and PAF-mediated mechanisms.
The Impact of Institutional Design on Party Control in a Federal Parliamentary System

This paper utilizes a non-European political system, but one with deep European roots, to highlight a specific example of one constitutionally-based rule that gives the country’sparliament effective political and executive control over the entire federal system. This rule, known as “President’s Rule,” grants the central government power to dismiss at any time the governor and/or government of a state. This paper emphasizes the partisan reasons behind the creation of this rule, its use over-time since creation, and the impact this rule has had on party politics.
Equations: a dependent pattern-matching compiler

We present a compiler for definitions made by pattern matching on inductive families in the Coq system. It allows to write structured, recursive dependently-typed functions as a set of equations, automatically find their realization in the core type theory and generate proofs to ease reasoning on them. It provides a complete package to define and reason on functions in the proof assistant, substantially reducing the boilerplate code and proofs one usually has to write, also hiding the intricacies related to the use of dependent types and complex recursion schemes.
Pressure Dependence and Kinetic Isotope Effects in the Absolute Rate Constant for Methoxy Radical Reacting with NO2

We have investigated the kinetics for the reaction CH3O• + NO2 in N2 bath gas. The rate constants are well-fit by the Troe expression over the temperature (250–335 K) and pressure range (30–700 Torr) investigated. The termolecular rate constant is given by cm6 molecule−2 s−1, and the rate constant at the high-pressure limit is given by cm3 molecule−1 s−1. We also studied the kinetics of the reaction of CD3O• + NO2 as a function of temperature and pressure under similar conditions as those for CH3O• + NO2. The resulting low- and high-pressure limiting rate constants are cm6 molecule−2 s−1 and cm3 molecule−1 s−1, respectively. The rate constants for the two isotopologues track each other closely as the high-pressure limit is approached. The present results agree with most previous results at 295 K over a range of pressures, but there is substantial disagreement about the temperature dependence.
Small signal models of a zero-voltage-switched SEPIC dual converter with a coupled inductor

Several small signal models are developed for the coupled-inductor zero-voltage-switched SEPIC dual power converter via the extended circuit averaging method and compared to the measured response. Although the ideal model shows only a two-pole response because of the coupled inductor action, the final model must include the parasitic resistances and the leakage inductances of the coupled inductor to match the actual measured four-pole power converter response. The parasitic resistances are found to affect the location of the transfer function zeros. The turns ratio and the leakage inductances of the coupled inductor, which determine the large signal zero current ripple condition, are found to influence the transfer function response. Therefore, the DC and AC design of the power converter are forced to be interdependent because of the coupled inductor operation. >
Magnesium supplementation reduces development of diabetes in a rat model of spontaneous NIDDM

We examined the effects of a magnesium-supplemented (Mg-S) diet in the male obese Zucker diabetic fatty rat, a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Obese rats were maintained on either a control (0.20% Mg) or magnesium-supplemented (Mg-S; 1% Mg) diet for 6 wk beginning at 6 wk of age. The rats maintained on the Mg-S diet had markedly lower fasting and fed-state blood glucose concentrations and an improved glucose disposal. By 12 wk of age, all of the eight animals on the control diet became diabetic, whereas diabetes developed in only one of eight animals on the Mg-S diet. Insulin and C-peptide concentrations, in addition to pancreatic GLUT-2 and insulin mRNA expression, were higher in the male obese Mg-S rats than in their control-fed counterparts. A subgroup of rats on the control diet with established diabetes was switched to a Mg-S diet for an additional 4 wk. The Mg-S diet did not reverse diabetes once already established. These data indicate that an increased dietary Mg intake in male obese rats prevents deterioration of glucose tolerance, thus delaying the development of spontaneous NIDDM.
Why Do Firms Have "Purpose"? The Firm's Role as a Carrier of Identity and Reputation

Abstract This article develops a theory in which a firm's adoption of a prosocial purpose can increase profitability by strengthening employees' reputation and identity—leading to higher effort and...