cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A negative Ce anomaly in a peridotite xenolith: Evidence for crustal recycling into the mantle or mantle metasomatism?

Abstract The presence of negative cerium anomalies in island arc lavas has been considered enigmatic. Such negative Ce anomalies must be inherent in the source region and can be produced by subducting pelagic sediments + seawateraltered basalts (SWAB) into the mantle. A mantle peridotite from the Malaitan alnoite also contains a negative Ce anomaly, which can be produced by sediment recycling into the upper mantle. However, in spite of the poorly defined effects of cryptic metasomatism and associated ƒO 2 conditions, such a process also seems plausible for the generation of negative Ce anomalies. In order to define the petrogenesis of this peridotite within the constraints of the present experimental data, we have attempted various mixing models with the end-members: mantle peridotite, Pacific sediment and seawater-altered basalt. In our model, it was assumed that negative Ce anomalies cannot be produced by magmatic or metasomatic processes. Best results were obtained from mixing a maximum of 3 to 5% seawater-altered basalt and 2 to 3% pelagic sediment, with a LREE-enriched mantle precursor. Our model stresses the importance of the contribution that recycled crustal materials can have on the composition of the upper mantle, in particular the recognition of a crustal signature in a mantle regime.
A calcified aldosterone-producing tumor in a hypertensive, normokalemic, prepubertal girl

Primary aldosteronism secondary to an aldosterone-producing adenoma was documented preoperatively in a normokalemic 7-year-old girl who presented with persistent hypertension, behavior problems, enuresis, and right suprarenal calcifications. Preoperatively, plasma renin activity was strikingly suppressed; urinary aldosterone ranged from 6.5 to 20.7 μg per square meter per 24 hours (normal=3 to 13) and failed to be suppressed after separate trials of desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and dexamethasone. Surgical removal of a calcified adrenal adenoma produced a prompt decrease in blood pressure and in excretion of aldosterone, an increase in plasma renin activity, and subsequent symptomatic improvement. This unusual case illustrates that serum potassium and urinary aldosterone may be inadequate screening tests for an aldosterone-secreting tumor, and (2) that plasma renin activity determinations and DOCA suppression are useful for confirmation of the diagnosis.
Recording at Large Write Currents on Obliquely Evaporated Medium and Application to a Multilevel Recording Scheme

We have studied the recording process of an obliquely evaporated Co-CoO medium. The experimental readback waveforms and the spin-SEM images of the recorded magnetization reveal an interesting magnetization process upon increasing the write current in one of the two recording directions. With larger write currents, isolated readback pulses drastically change their shape and the remanent magnetization of the written domains decreases. We qualitatively reproduce this behavior using simple write models that include the three-dimensional (3-D) granular nature of the medium and a distribution of anisotropy axes for the evaporated Co grains. Based on these results, we propose a recording scheme in which a patterned multilevel tilted recording medium is used advantageously for 3-D magnetic recording.
Inferences on lung cancer mortality rates based on reference priors under partial ordering

Summary We present a novel analysis of a landmark table of dose–response mortality counts from lung cancer in men. The data were originally collected by Doll and Hill. Our inferences are based on Poisson models for which the rates of occurrence are partially ordered according to two covariates. The partial ordering of the mortality rates enforces the well-established knowledge that lung cancer mortality rates are higher for older men and for heavier smokers. The ordered group reference priors that we use in our analyses generalize a class of reference priors that we previously derived for models of count data in which the rates of occurrence in different categories are completely ordered with respect to the values of a single covariate. The reference models for the lung cancer data based on the proposed priors are more flexible than and can be superior, in terms of goodness of fit, to a Bayesian version of several parametric models derived from a mathematical theory of carcinogenesis that have appeared in the literature.
Effects of group and individual contingencies on academic performance and social relations of special needs students.

Summary The effects of individual and group contingencies were studied on achievement, appropriate classroom behavior, acceptance of handicapped peers, and self-esteem of academically and socially handicapped students. Four studies are reported, focusing on the following: four first-graders, 11 seventh-graders, five ninth-graders, and five first-graders. All were low-achieving, special needs students, many of whom were seeing special education teachers due to their disruptive classroom behavior and alienation of their peers. In all studies, group-contingency procedures were compared to individual-contingency procedures or no-contingency procedures. Different operationalizations of group-contingency procedures were used in each study. The studies were conducted in different school districts at different times of the year. Variations of A-B-A designs were used in the studies. The results are consistent, indicating that group contingencies (compared with individual contingencies or no contingencies at all) p...
Patterns and Origin of Radial Dike Swarms Associated with West Spanish Peak and Dike Mountain, South-Central Colorado

West Spanish Peak and Dike Mountain in south-central Colorado are stocks which cut Tertiary sedimentary rocks near the axis of the La Veta syncline, the structural trough of the Raton basin. Associated with these stocks are radial dike swarms. The outline of the West Spanish Peak dike swarm is elliptical. The Dike Mountain swarm is more radial, and its outline is oval. Both systems are elongated normal to the axis of the La Veta syncline. The dikes of the West Spanish Peak swarm are of diverse rock types and represent several separate magmatic phases. Those of the Dike Mountain swarm are facies of syenodiorite and probably represent a single phase of magmatic invasion. The dikes occupy vertical joints that have been generally attributed to radial fissuring during doming of the sedimentary rocks by the emplacement of the stocks. Structural studies, however, indicate that several systems of shear and tension joints resulted from intermittent orogenic stresses of varying direction and magnitude during folding of the syncline before invasion of the magmas, and the writer suggests that selective intrusion into this joint complex accounts for the dike patterns.
Volunteerism: Latina/o Students and Private-College Experiences.

Using data from the Cooperative Institutional Research Program from University of California Los Angeles (n = 523), this study investigates curricular and co-curricular experiences that influence t...
Pulmonary Edema following Conversion of Tachyarrhythmia: A Case following Burst Atrial Pacing

Restoration of normal sinus rhythm is usually followed by improved hemodynamics. By contrast, pulmonary edema and cardiovascular collapse have been reported following successful electrical reversion of various tachyarrhythmias to normal sinus rhythm. The mechanism for this adverse reaction is not clear but has been thought to relate, at least in part, to electrical myocardial damage from the countershock. This report describes a patient in whom this complication occurred on two occasions, first following external countershock and subsequently following burst atrial pacing. Thus, conversion to sinus rhythm may be responsible for this phenomenon independent of the method of conversion.
Image-Guided Stereotactic Small Animal Irradiator

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a promising modality in the treatment of cancer. Despite success in early clinical applications and in subsequent clinical trials, there remains much to learn to understand and optimize the effects in tumors and normal tissues. In this study, we develop and characterize an image-guided small animal stereotactic body irradiator capable of delivering a highly localized radiation beam accurately to a small target. The irradiator employs a commercial X-ray device (XRAD 320, Precision X-Ray, Inc.) and a modular collimation system, consisting of a brass collimator holder and variable tungsten alloy collimators with apertures ranging from 1 to 10 mm in diameter. The unit is typically operated at 30 kVp for image guidance and at 250 kVp for therapy. To characterize the radiation beam, we measured percent depth dose (PDD), off-axis ratios (OARs), and absolute dose rate for each collimator using radiochromic film (Gafchromic EBT, International Specialty Products, Wayne, NJ). For all collimators the penumbra, defined as distance between 80% and 20% isodoses, was measured at a source-to-surface distance (SSD) of approximately 20 cm. For a 5 mm collimator, in-plane and cross-plane measurements of penumbra were 0.7 and 1.1 mm, respectively. Absolute dose rates ranged from 6.7 to 11.6 Gy/min for the 1 to 10 mm collimators. The image guidance system provided accuracy commensurate with stereotactic localization in small animals. We have demonstrated the capability of an image-guided stereotactic radiotherapy by the animal studies. Subsequent studies in a variety of pre-clinical tumor and normal tissue models suggest that use of the irradiator can significantly contribute to the understanding of new clinical therapies such as SBRT.
Professional Men's Attitudes toward Race and Gender Equity:

This study examined adult men's attitudes toward race and gender equity and their sexual harassment proclivities in relation to male identity status and traditional masculinity ideology. It was hypothesized that a male identity characterized by dependence on a male reference group for one's gender role self-concept would be related to traditional attitudes about masculinity, and both would be associated with attitudes unsupportive of race and gender equity and attitudes conducive to the sexual harassment of women. Conversely, it was also hypothesized that a male identity characterized by not being dependent on a male reference group for one's gender role self-concept would be related to attitudes supportive of race and gender equity, not having attitudes conducive to the sexual harassment of women, and not endorsing traditional attitudes about masculinity. Support for both hypotheses was found, and implications of the findings for understanding men's psychosocial functioning are discussed.
Matrix converter over-modulation using carrier-based control: Maximizing the voltage transfer ratio

This paper presents a comprehensive solution for over-modulation of direct matrix converter using carrier- based control. The over-modulation operating region is classified, based on the choice of duty-ratios (input/output) and the maximum achievable output voltage amplitude, into three different modes named as input-side over- modulation (ISO), output-side over-modulation (OSO) and simultaneous input and output-side over-modulation (SIOSO). The boundaries for operation of the matrix converter in each of the above three operating modes are established. The ISO is sub-divided into two modes based on the capability to control the power factor of input phase currents. The two regions are named as input-side over-modulation with power factor control (ISO with PFC) and input-side over-modulation without power factor control (ISO without PFC) respectively. A modulation algorithm for the choice of duty-ratios to allow a smooth transition between linear modulation and the ISO operating modes is proposed. A modification to the choice of the reference output voltage modulating signals for OSO that forces the converter into square wave mode operation with peak amplitude of the reference signal that is only twice the peak amplitude in linear modulation, is proposed. The SIOSO is used to obtain the maximum possible voltage transfer ratio of 105.3% from the matrix converter with over-modulation. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltages and input currents are presented for all over- modulation operating modes. Theoretical calculations are verified with experiments on a laboratory prototype of the direct matrix converter.
Brief Report: Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Psychological Functioning in Latino Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or Arthralgia

Objective To describe the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and its relationship to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and dysthymia in Latino children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) or arthralgia. Methods Parents of 36 children between the ages of 6 and 16 years with either JIA (n ¼17) or arthralgia (n ¼19) completed questionnaires during routine pediatric rheumatology clinic visits assessing use of CAM and psychological functioning. Results CAM was used by the majority of children primarily to treat pain episodes. The most common modalities were prayer and massage therapy. CAM use was associated with decreased symptoms of anxiety and dysthymia in children with arthralgia, but not in children with JIA. Conclusion Preliminary findings suggest that CAM use is associated with improved psychological functioning in children with arthralgia. Healthcare providers are encouraged to routinely screen for CAM usage and to educate families about the potential benefits and limitations of CAM.
Bounds on the Maximum Number of Factors in Designs with Two Distinct Groups of Factors

This article focuses on designs involving two distinct groups of factors. In particular, we assume that between-group interactions are more important than within-group interactions. Under this assumption, a new word-length pattern is proposed to characterize the aliasing severity of a design, and the concepts of resolution and aberration are defined accordingly. Furthermore, we have obtained various bounds on the maximum number of factors that a design with given resolution can accommodate.
Developments in Illinois and Indiana in 1946

Drilling in Illinois and Indiana increased by 42 per cent in 1946 as compared with 1945 and production increased by 2½ per cent. The increase in drilling was due in part to the expiration of many 10-year leases and in part to greater availability of materials and manpower. There was little deep testing in 1946 and nearly all of the new wells produced from sandstones and limestones of the Mississippian system. The rate of drilling in 1947 will probably decline from the high level of 1946 but will probably be higher than that of 1945. It seems likely that there will be increased test drilling of pre-Mississippian strata, especially of the Silurian in the western marginal area of the Illinois basin.
Persistent workplace plug-load energy savings and awareness through energy dashboards: eco-feedback, control, and automation

The goal of this study is to investigate design strategies: feedback, control and automation to increase energy conservation and awareness in the workplace. This paper presents a summary of the research background, the system prototype, the pilot study findings, and the plans for the rest of the research.
A Parameterized Programmable MIMO Decoding Architecture With a Scalable Instruction Set and Compiler

We present a novel multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decoder accelerator and its associated integrated design environment. The accelerator architecture allows tradeoffs in decoding algorithm, antenna configuration, modulation scheme, and bandwidth at run-time via user programming. The accelerator delivers an improvement over a general purpose digital signal processor (DSP) reaching three orders of magnitude for matrix processing and linear MIMO decoding. The hardware architecture is user-configurable through ten independently set parameters. The parameterization allows independent control over the size and structure of the processing core as well as the structure, size, and access scheme of data memory. We provide a custom high level script and a scalable machine level instruction set and compiler. The elements of hardware configuration and programmability are combined in a user-friendly design flow that takes the MIMO decoder designer from simulation to hardware with dedicated-hardware-like performance in no time.
How Does Communication Interface With Change

This article questions certain of the underlying assumptions about the role of communication in effecting change. For instance, change may occur without communication and vice versa. But in many situations, communication may play a key role in effecting human behavior change, including the behavior that is part of development. The author closes this theoretic work by suggesting ways in which communication theory and research can effect change.
Mechanisms of selenium down-regulation of androgen receptor signaling in prostate cancer

Prevention trials showed that selenium reduced prostate cancer incidence by 50%, establishing selenium as a promising chemopreventive agent for prostate cancer. Selenium inhibited human prostate cancer cell growth, blocked cell cycle progression at multiple transition points, and induced apoptotic cell death. Previous studies showed a novel mechanism of selenium anticancer action in which selenium markedly reduces androgen signaling and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated gene expression, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), in human prostate cancer cells. The molecular mechanisms of selenium-mediated down-regulation of AR signaling are not clear. In this study, a systemic approach was taken to examine the modification of androgen signaling by selenium in human prostate cancer cells. In addition to reduced AR mRNA expression, selenium was found to initially increase the stability of AR mRNA within 6 hours while decreasing the stability of AR mRNA after 8 hours. Selenium increased AR protein degradation and reduced AR nuclear localization. Scatchard analysis indicated that selenium did not affect ligand binding to AR in LNCaP cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed that DHT increased the recruitment of AR and coactivators, such as SRC-1 and TIF-2, to the promoter of the PSA gene, and that recruitment was greatly diminished in the presence of 5 micromol/L selenium. On the other hand, selenium enhanced the recruitment of corepressors, such as SMRT, to the promoter of the PSA gene. Taken together, these results suggest that selenium disrupts AR signaling at multiple stages, including AR mRNA expression, mRNA stability, protein degradation, nuclear translocation, and recruitment of coregulators.
STRETCHING THE LIMITS OF PLASTICITY: CAN A PLANT DEFEND AGAINST BOTH COMPETITORS AND HERBIVORES?

Plants exhibit numerous adaptive responses to competitors and herbivores mediated by hormones, including induction of the shade avoidance syndrome in response to neighbor shade, and induction of chemical defenses in response to herbivore damage. Although largely studied in isolation, interactions between plastic responses to competitors and herbivores can occur and may be mediated by external and internal resource availability, direct interactions between hormones controlling plastic responses, or other pleiotropic effects. Such interactions may have positive or negative consequences for plant fitness and could serve as an important ecological and evolutionary constraint on the expression of these responses. In this article, I illustrate the potential for plastic responses in plants to physiologically interact, with particular reference to Arabidopsis thaliana. I also suggest avenues for future study utilizing characterized plant material, tools to manipulate the expression of plastic responses, and ways to monitor physiological and ecological consequences that are available using this and other plant species.
The complete second-order diffraction solution for an axisymmetric body Part 1. Monochromatic incident waves

The authors studied the diffraction, to second order, of plane monochromatic incident gravity waves by a vertically axisymmetric body. The second-order double-frequency diffraction potential is obtained explicitly. A sequence of one-dimensional integral equations along the generator of the body involving free-surface ring sources of general order are formulated and solved for the circumferential components of the second-order potential. The solution is expedited by analytic integrations in the entire local-wave-free outer field of a requisite free-surface integral. The method is validated by extensive convergence tests and comparisons to semi-analytic results for the second-order forces and moments on a uniform vertical circular cylinder. Complete second-order forces, moments, surface pressures and run-up on the vertical cylinder as well as a truncated vertical cone are presented. A summary is given of the most important findings.
Stretchable Interconnects for Elastic Electronic Surfaces

Elastic electronic surfaces will integrate stiff thin film devices onto compliant polymer substrates. These surfaces may be stretched once or many times, by up to tens of percent strain. One way to make such an elastic electronic surface is to distribute rigid subcircuit islands over the polymer surface, and then fabricate active devices on the islands. These islands need to be interconnected with stretchable metallization. We describe stretchable interconnects made of stripes of thin gold film patterned on elastomeric membranes. These membranes can be stretched by up to twice their initial length and maintain electrical conduction. We review the fabrication of these conductors, present their electrical and mechanical properties, and summarize our model for their extreme stretchability. Using such stretchable interconnects, we made the first elastic circuit, an inverter of thin film transistors. The circuit remains functional when stretched and relaxed by 12% strain.
The Vegetation of Malaysia

The Malay Archipelago is not only by far the largest group of islands in the world, but it is also from the standpoint of its vegetation one of the very richest regions on the globe. In this paper the term Malaysia is used to cover not only the Sunda Islands that form the center of the Netherlands East Indies—Sumatra, Java, and Borneo—but also the Malay Peninsula, in itself almost an island and biologically a part of the region, the Philippine Islands to the northeast, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes, the Moluccas, and New Guinea. From northern Sumatra to eastern New Guinea the distance is approximately 3,000 miles and the land area of the region designated herein as Malaysia is somewhat in excess of 1,200,000 square miles.
Postharvest treatment to control codling moth in fresh apples using water assisted radio frequency heating

Apples destined for export to Japan and South Korea are currently disinfested for codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), using methyl bromide fumigation. Restrictions and limitations imposed on the uses of methyl bromide have increased interest in developing alternative non-chemical quarantine treatments. It is imperative that the treatment is effective against codling moth yet maintains the quality of treated apples. The present study explored the application of radio frequency (RF) energy in conjunction with conventional hot water treatment to develop feasible heat treatments. Treatment parameters were selected based on minimum time–temperature conditions required for 100% mortality of fifth-instar codling moth and apple quality. The treatments included preheating of infested or wholesome apples in warm water at 45 ◦ C for 30 min. The preheated apples were then heated to 48 ◦ C in a hydraulic fruit mover placed between two parallel plate electrodes in a 12 kW, 27.12 MHz pilot scale RF system. RF treated apples were transferred to a 48 ◦ C hot water bath and held for 5, 10, 15 and 20 min before being hydro-cooled in ice water for 30 min. The mortality of codling moths in the infested apples was assessed, and the quality of wholesome apples was evaluated by measuring weight loss, firmness, color, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity after 0, 7, and 30 days of storage at 4 ◦ C. The results showed that the treatment at 48 ◦ C for 15 min was the most practical and effective both for insect control and apple quality.
The MYB305 Transcription Factor Regulates Expression of Nectarin Genes in the Ornamental Tobacco Floral Nectary

We have isolated and characterized the cDNA encoding the ornamental tobacco (Nicotiana langsdorffii X N. sanderae) homolog of the antirrhinum (Antirrhinum majus) MYB305. This transcription factor was robustly expressed at Stage 12 of nectary development but was only weakly expressed in the earlier Stage 6 nectaries. The ornamental tobacco MYB305 contains a conserved R2R3 MYB DNA binding domain with 76 amino acids in the activation domain. A green fluorescent protein-MYB305 fusion localized to nucleus of tobacco protoplasts and yeast one-hybrid assays demonstrated that it functions as a transcription activator. A conserved 23-amino acid C-terminal domain is required to activate gene expression. The coding region of the myb305 cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and was purified to homogeneity. This protein shows binding to two consensus MYB binding sites on the ornamental tobacco Nectarin I (nec1) promoter as well as to the single site located on the Nectarin V (nec5) promoter. Deletions of either of the binding sites from the nec1 promoter significantly reduced expression in nectary tissues. Temporally, MYB305 expression precedes that of nec1 and nec5, as would be expected if the MYB305 factor regulates expression of the nec1 and nec5 genes. Ectopic expression of MYB305 in foliage was able to induce expression of both nec1 and nec5, as well as two flavonoid biosynthetic genes in the foliage. Finally, RNA interference knockdown of MYB305 resulted in reduced expression of both nectarins and flavonoid biosynthetic genes. We conclude that expression of MYB305 regulates expression of the major nectarin genes in the floral nectary.
The Nondeterministic Nature of Kuroshio Penetration and Eddy Shedding in the South China Sea

Abstract A ⅛°, 6-layer Pacific version of the Naval Research Laboratory Layered Ocean Model is used to investigate the nondeterministic nature of Kuroshio intrusion and eddy shedding into the South China Sea (SCS) on annual and interannual timescales. Four simulations, which only differ in the initial state, are forced with 1979–93 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis 1000 hectopascal (hPa) winds and then continued in 1994–97 with ECMWF operational 1000-hPa winds. The model shows differing amounts of Kuroshio penetration across all four simulations for the yearly means, indicating a large degree of nondeterminism at this timescale. This nondeterminism is quantified by a technique that separates the variability of a model variable into deterministic (caused by direct atmospheric forcing) and nondeterministic (caused by mesoscale flow instabilities) components. Analysis indicates substantial nondeterministic sea surface height and upper-layer velocity variability in the vicinity of ...
Approaches to improve quality of care in inflammatory bowel diseases.

Studies across medical disciplines have shown gaps in the care recommended in evidence based guidelines and the care actually delivered. Quality improvement projects using systematic audit and feedback interventions such as quality measures, will become increasingly important tools to address these gaps in care. These gaps are also apparent in the care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Multiple organizations, including the American Gastroenterology Association and the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America, have developed programs designed to implement quality measures to improve the care of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Early results show promise of improving quality, but numerous barriers remain. Gastroenterologists need to be aware of these processes to provide the highest care possible to patients with IBD. We review the existing literature on approaches to quality improvement and their potential application and barriers when applied to IBD care.
Setting an Agenda for the Global Clinical Movement

Despite its shared mission and significant accomplishments, the global clinical movement still lacks a clear vision of how to best influence future legal education and consequently an agenda for how to accomplish its mission. This chapter attempts to fill those gaps by first articulating a unifying vision based on the three goals most widely shared by clinicians: increasing access to justice for previously unrepresented groups; reforming legal education so that it provides the knowledge, skills and values needed in our complex world; and creating a legal profession more diverse, skilled and committed to serving social needs. Next strategies and models of how to reach that vision are suggested. Topics include partnering with other entities providing legal aid; making clinical education mandatory and instituting student practice rules; improving teacher education in clinical pedagogy and communication using new technologies; ending corruption in the legal profession; and building the structure of the movement.
Environmental Impact of the Fungicide Triphenyltin Hydroxide after Application to Rice Fields

Methods were developed to analyze triphenyltin hydroxide (TPTH) in rice field water and soil. Treatment of a rice field paddy with 1.12 kg of TPTH per ha resulted in an average water concentration of 146 ppb at 2 h post treatment, and this steadily declined to below detectable limits (0.8 ppb) by day 24; the average soil concentration was 56 ppb at 2 h, and this increased to 340 ppb at 3 days and then steadily declined to 17 ppb by day 24. All aquatic fauna as well as floating algae were killed on the treated plot. Restocking of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard), in cages on the plot showed residual toxicity (40% or more mortality) for 15 days after treatment. The populations of mosquito larvae, chironomids, and ostracods began recovering after 5 days, but there was no recovery of cladocerans or copepods by 24 days. It is apparent that a single application of TPTH drastically affects mosquito predators, and residual toxicity delays the reestablishment of these organisms, thus enhancing resurgence of the pest population. The side effects of TPTH are so great that its use on rice would virtually eliminate any possibility of the integrated control of mosquitoes.
A molecular balance for measuring aliphatic CH-π interactions.

A series of conformationally flexible bicyclic N-arylimides were employed as molecular balances to study the weak aliphatic CH−π interaction between alkyl and arene groups. The formation of intramolecular CH−π interactions in the folded conformers was characterized by X-ray crystallography. The strengths of the interactions were characterized in CDCl3 by the changes in the folded/unfolded ratios, as measured by 1H NMR. The CH−π interaction between a methyl group and an aromatic surface was ∼1.0 kcal/mol and was easily disrupted or masked by conformational entropy and repulsive steric interactions.
Concurrent Meniscal and Chondral Injuries in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients Undergoing ACL Reconstruction.

Background/purpose The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of and risk factors for concurrent meniscal and articular cartilage injury in children and adolescents undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods Medical records of pediatric patients (below 18 y old) undergoing ACL surgery during the 2013 to 2014 academic year at a tertiary care children's hospital were reviewed for clinical or radiographic documentation of meniscal or chondral injury. Prevalence of concurrent injury was regressed on the basis of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and time between injury and surgery. Skeletally immature patients were analyzed as a separate subgroup. Results Medical records of 208 patients with a mean age of 15±2 years were reviewed. Overall, 117 patients (56%) were found to have had at least 1 concurrent injury; 66 patients (32%) had a medial meniscus tear, 72 patients (35%) had a lateral meniscus tear, and 10 patients (5%) had a chondral lesion. Both BMI and time duration between injury and ACL reconstruction surgery were significant predictors for meniscal or chondral injury, with increase in injury prevalence of approximately 10% per point BMI and 6% per month delay to surgery. Conclusions More than half of the children and the adolescents treated for ACL tear have concurrent meniscal or chondral injury. Risk factors for concurrent injury are BMI and time duration between injury and surgery. The prevalence of concurrent injury and associated risk factors should be considered when counseling a pediatric patient and family regarding operative versus nonoperative management in the setting of an ACL tear. Level of evidence Level IV-case series.
Impacting Factors on Power and Efficiency of Inductively Coupled Power Transfer System

Based on experimental model,a simulation model for inductively coupled power transfer(ICPT) system is constructed. Considering possibly non-ideal working condition of loosely coupled transformer,which may occur during actual application of IICPT system,the finite element simulation software ANSYS is used to analyze the variation tendency of inductance parameter of loosely coupled transformer under different air-gaps and different lateral displacements in transverse and longitudinal directions,and to validate the feasibility of above-mentioned simulation by experiment. To implement the decoupling between primary winding and secondary winding of loosely coupled transformer,the capacitance compensation for self-inductances of both windings under different frequencies is carried out and the impacting factors on system power and transferred efficiency under resonance respectively occurred in primary and secondary winding as well as the varying rules of system power and transferring efficiency with the variation of resistance,frequency and inductance parameter of the load are analyzed,to provide reference for optimization design of ICPT system.
Photoelectron Counting Statistics for the Degenerate Parametric Oscillator

Parametric oscillators are important sources of squeezed light. Theoretically, in the absence of loss, a degenerate parametric oscillator near threshold produces perfectly squeezed light over a narrow band of frequencies centered on the cavity resonance.1-3 Noise reductions of up to ~60% below the vacuum level have been achieved in experiments.4,5
Knowledge and Power in the Thought of Pierre d’Ailly

Joining together the terms ‘power’ and ‘knowledge’ may seem like the epitome of postmodern thought, where all knowledge relates merely to objects that are the constructions of discursive practices. This concatenation of terms, however, was not usual in later medieval thought. If knowledge is always of that which is, and if, for a Christian medieval thinker, that which is is a direct result of God’s creative power, then the theory of knowledge must be joined to reflections on the nature and scope of that creative activity. As has already been seen (in Chapter 1), the question of the origin of the cosmos is central to the concept of force and the attempt to reduce force to something other than phenomenality. Such reflections on the power of God came to occupy a central position in later medieval thought, partly as a result of the various condemnations of the 1270s. Thinkers from Duns Scotus to Gabriel Biel were always on guard to ensure that their philosophical positions did not place any undue limitations on the divine creative power. This focus on divine power led to an understanding of the contingency of the world as an effect of God’s free creation, and such contingency had far-reaching consequences in ontology, cosmology, epistemology, ethics and theology.
Two-dimensional imaging with plasmagenerated terahertz waves

Terahertz (THz) waves generated through four-wave mixing in laser-induced air plasmas are an ideal source for imaging arbitrary locations. Under an amplified laser beam, ionized ambient air as a mixing medium provides broadband pulses with an unprecedented THz electric field strength among all the optically induced THz waves from nonlinear materials. We report the use of plasma-induced THz waves for 2D imaging for the first time, and compare it to other methods.
Secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and loss of regulatory signals by fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Objective The goal was to investigate the specific contribution of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to the inflammatory milieu of the synovium in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) through detection of secreted proteins. Methods Expression of 89 cytokines and chemokines was determined on unprocessed synovial fluid from controls and JIA patients using antibody arrays. Supernatants from pure cell cultures of FLS grown from synovial fluids or tissues from JIA and controls were also examined for protein expression. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed top pathways and upstream regulators of significant proteins. Results Protein studies revealed that JIA FLS release pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, CXCL1, and CXCL6, and lose expression of important regulator signals, such as IL-10 and TIMP2. Of the 84 proteins differentially expressed between controls and JIA in the synovial fluid, 1/3 (29 proteins) were differentially expressed in the cell culture supernatants of JIA and control FLS. ELISA of cell culture supernatants and synovial fluid confirmed seven key proteins. Conclusion JIA FLS are central to perpetuation of inflammation in JIA, including trafficking of inflammatory cells and effects on the extracellular matrix. These cells express key disease-specific chemokines that, with further refinement, may allow us to tailor therapy appropriately. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Spatial Memory and Navigation

This chapter reviews empirical and theoretical advancements in the scientific understanding of human spatial memory and navigation. The primary goal is to examine the ways in which memories of familiar environments are used to guide locomotion, reorientation, and wayfinding. The chapter covers seven major topic areas: elemental types of spatial knowledge; theories of the acquisition of spatial knowledge; the nature of spatial knowledge; spatial reference systems in memory; spatial updating during locomotion; cognitive theories of spatial memory and navigation; and the neural basis of spatial memory and navigation. The final section of the chapter summarizes these findings and identifies promising directions for future research on human spatial memory and navigation.
Testicular responses to hCG stimulation at varying doses in men with spinal cord injury.

Prospective. To test whether provocative stimulation of the testes identifies men with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), a population in which serum testosterone concentrations are often depressed, possibly due to gonadal dysfunction. To accomplish this objective, conventional and lower than the conventional doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were administered. Thirty men with chronic SCI (duration of injury >1 year; 18 and 65 years old; 16 eugonadal (>12.1 nmol l−1) and 14 hypogonadal (⩽12.1 nmol l−1)) or able-bodied (AB) men (11 eugonadal and 27 hypogonadal) were recruited for the study. Stimulation tests were performed to quantify testicular responses to the intramuscular administration of hCG at three dose concentrations (ithat is, 400, 2000 and 4000 IU). The hCG was administered on two consecutive days, and blood was collected for serum testosterone in the early morning prior to each of the two injections; subjects returned on day 3 for a final blood sample collection. The average gonadal response in the SCI and AB groups to each dose of hCG was not significantly different in the hypogonadal or eugonadal subjects, with the mean serum testosterone concentrations in all groups demonstrating an adequate response. This work confirmed the absence of primary testicular dysfunction without additional benefit demonstrated of provocative stimulation of the testes with lower than conventional doses of hCG. Our findings support prior work that suggested a secondary testicular dysfunction that occurs in a majority of those with SCI and depressed serum testosterone concentrations.
Design and implementation of a remote UAV-based mobile health monitoring system

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play increasing roles in structure health monitoring. With growing mobility in modern Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, the health monitoring of mobile structures becomes an emerging application. In this paper, we develop a UAV-carried vision-based monitoring system that allows a UAV to continuously track and monitor a mobile infrastructure and transmit back the monitoring information in real- time from a remote location. The monitoring system uses a simple UAV-mounted camera and requires only a single feature located on the mobile infrastructure for target detection and tracking. The computation-effective vision-based tracking solution based on a single feature is an improvement over existing vision-based lead-follower tracking systems that either have poor tracking performance due to the use of a single feature, or have improved tracking performance at a cost of the usage of multiple features. In addition, a UAV-carried aerial networking infrastructure using directional antennas is used to enable robust real-time transmission of monitoring video streams over a long distance. Automatic heading control is used to self-align headings of directional antennas to enable robust communication in mobility. Compared to existing omni-communication systems, the directional communication solution significantly increases the operation range of remote monitoring systems. In this paper, we develop the integrated modeling framework of camera and mobile platforms, design the tracking algorithm, develop a testbed of UAVs and mobile platforms, and evaluate system performance through both simulation studies and field tests.
Dilepton Production in p+p, Au+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV and U+U collisions at sNN=193GeV

Abstract In this contribution we report e + e 1 spectra with various invariant mass and p T differentials in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV and U+U collisions at s NN = 193 GeV . The structure of the t ( − t ≈ p T 2 ) distributions of these mass regions will be shown and compared with the same distributions in ultra-peripheral collisions. Additionally, this contribution discusses first measurements of μ + μ − invariant mass spectra from STAR's recently installed Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) in p+p and Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV .
"Forgotten" Chapters in the History of Transcervical Sterilization: Carl Clauberg and Hans-Joachim Lindemann

Transcervical sterilization is a non-surgical method of permanent female sterilization that is widely used and critically discussed. A review of the historiography of the method reveals that instances of its coercive use are not included in the historical account. This study offers a reexamination of the work of Carl Clauberg and Hans-Joachim Lindemann, to more deeply contextualize within the framework of current usage the coercive use of transcervical sterilization during the Third Reich and in postwar Germany. This inquiry is based on postwar criminal trial records on Clauberg, and on archival documents detailing Lindemann's activities in 1979. A comparative analysis examines arguments by medical historian Karl-Heinz Roth, and identifies shared characteristics and differences between Clauberg and Lindemann, their methods and scientific connections. The results demonstrate that the technique of transcervical sterilization has an abusive potential that may be explained as a function of the person of the physician, of the scientific method itself, and of societal and political influences. The analysis supports the argument that insights from the cases of Clauberg and Lindemann are transferrable geographically and over time, and have the potential to inform current medical practice, such as transcervical sterilization with the Essure device, whose historiographic exploration remains a desideratum.
A randomized trial of a web-based platform to help families manage dementia-related behavioral symptoms: The WeCareAdvisor™

Dementia-related behavioral symptoms are challenging clinical features occurring across etiologies and disease progression. They are associated with increased healthcare utilization, nursing home placement, family upset and burden. Families typically manage behavioral symptoms without requisite knowledge, skills and guidance. We designed WeCareAdvisor™ as an easy-to-use, evidence-informed web-based platform. It provides families knowledge about dementia, daily tips, and a systematic approach to describe behaviors, investigate modifiable contributors, create treatment plans (WeCareAdvisor™ Prescription) consisting of management tips tailored to symptom presentation, and evaluate effectiveness. WeCareAdvisor™ is being tested in a randomized trial to assess acceptability, usability and immediate impact on caregiver confidence managing and upset with behavioral symptoms, and secondarily, frequency of behavioral occurrences. Fifty-seven caregivers will be enrolled from communities and medical clinics at two sites (University of Michigan; Johns Hopkins University). Families reporting behavioral symptoms in a telephone screen are consented and interviewed at home. Following the interview, an envelope is opened by interviewers to reveal group assignment (immediate vs one-month delayed treatment group). Those receiving WeCareAdvisor™ immediately are provided an iPad and instruction in its use; those in the delayed treatment group are informed of next study steps. All caregivers are reassessed at home one month from baseline. The delayed treatment group then receives iPad instructions and are re-interviewed one month thereafter. During treatment phase, participants receive 3 weekly check-in calls to encourage tool use and troubleshoot. Key outcomes include number of times using WeCareAdvisor™ and for which behaviors, self-efficacy and upset managing behavioral symptoms, and frequency of behavioral occurrences. Clinical trial registration #: NCT02420535.