cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Dictyostelium discoideum 30,000 dalton protein contributes to phagocytosis.

TheDictyostelium discoideum 30 kDa actin-bundling protein cross-links actin filaments into bundles in vitro, and is present in filopodia and pseudopodia in living cells. Monoclonal antibodies reactive with this protein have been isolated, and employed as specific probes for the function of this protein. The monoclonal antibody B2C blocks the interaction of the 30 kDa protein with F-actin in vitro, and decreases phagocytosis ofE. coli when introduced into livingDictyostelium cells by controlled sonication. Use of this monoclonal antibody for visualization of the 30 kDa protein by immunofluorescence microscopy reveals striking localization around food particles during the process of phagocytosis. Double staining with rhodamine-labelled phalloidin and the monoclonal antibody documents the co-localization of the 30 kDa protein and actin during formation of phagocytic cups. The dissociation of the 30 kDa protein occurs during the process of maturation to form phagolysosomes. These results support the hypothesis that this actin cross-linking protein participates in dynamic rearrangements of actin filaments accompanying phagocytosis.
MIGRATION FLOWS IN INTRAURBAN SPACE: PLACE UTILITY CONSIDERATIONS

ABSTRACT This paper examines the concept of place utility in an operational context. Its major objective is to construct and evaluate place utility functions which are based upon socioeconomic and migration characteristics of areal units within a city. A secondary objective is to identify major factors related to intraurban migration flows in an aggregate framework. The empirical basis for the study is a sample of actual migration flows for Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for a single year commencing in 1966 and terminating in 1967. Regression methods are used for estimating parameters of the place utility functions. One conclusion of the analysis is that migration friction between neighborhood types is considerably less than expected. Factors identified as most important in guiding intraurban migration streams are the aspirations of the household with respect to housing and the spatial characteristics of the vacancy market, the latter of which has been neglected in geographic research. With respect to the method of ...
Review of V/STOL lift/cruise fan technology

This paper presents an overview of supporting technology programs conducted to reduce the risk in the joint NASA/Navy Lift/Cruise Fan Research and Technology Aircraft Program. The aeronautical community has endeavored to combine the low-speed and lifting capabilities of the helicopter with the high-speed capabilities of the jet aircraft; recent developments have indicated a lift/cruise fan propulsion system may provide these desired characteristics. NASA and the Navy have formulated a program that will provide a research and technology aircraft to furnish viability of the lift/cruise fan aircraft through flight experiences and obtain data on designs for future naval and civil V/STOL aircraft. The supporting technology programs discussed include: (1) design studies for operational aircraft, a research and technology aircraft, and associated propulsion systems; (2) wind-tunnel tests of several configurations; (3) propulsion-system thrust vectoring tests; and (4) simulation. These supporting technology programs have indicated that a satisfactory research and technology aircraft program can be accomplished within the current level of technology.
SSEA4 Is a Potential Negative Marker for the Enrichment of Human Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells

METHODS. SSEA4 expression in the human cornea and limbus was examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. SSEA4 and SSEA4 cells were then separated by using magnetic beads. The phenotypes of these two cell populations were evaluated on the basis of cell size, clonogenic assay, and expression of putative limbal stem cell (LSC) and corneal epithelial differentiation markers. RESULTS. SSEA4 was expressed in all layers of the corneal and anterior limbal epithelia. Discrete clusters of SSEA4 cells were present in the central and posterior limbal epithelia. SSEA4 cells accounted for an average of 40% of the total limbal epithelial cells. The SSEA4 population contained five times more small cells (11 m in diameter) than did the SSEA4 population. The expression levels of the putative LSC markers ABCG2, Np63, and cytokeratin (K)14 were significantly higher in the SSEA4 population than in the SSEA4 population. The SSEA4 cells also expressed a significantly higher level of N-cadherin, but a lower level of the differentiation marker K12. The colony-forming efficiency in the SSEA4 population was 25.2% (P 0.04) and 1.6-fold (P 0.05) higher than in the unsorted population and the SSEA4 population, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. SSEA4 is highly expressed in differentiated corneal epithelial cells, and SSEA4 limbal epithelial cells contain a higher proportion of limbal stem/progenitor cells. SSEA4 could be used as a negative marker to enrich the isolation of LSCs. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:6315‐6320) DOI:
The Amazon Land War in the South of Pará

The South of Para, located in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon, has become notorious for violent land struggle. Although land conflict has a long history in Brazil, and today impacts many parts of the country, violence is most severe and persistent here. The purpose of this article is to examine why. Specifically, we consider how a particular Amazonian place, the so-called South of Para, has come to be known as Brazil's most dangerous badland. We begin by considering the predominant literature, which attributes land conflict to the frontier expansion process with intensified struggle emerging in the face of rising property values and demand for private property associated with capitalist development. From this discussion, we distill a concept of the frontier, based on notions of property rights evolution and locational rents. We then empirically test the persistence of place-based violence in the region, and assess the frontier movement through an analysis of transportation costs. Findings from the analyses indicate that the prevalent theorization of frontier violence in Amazonia does little to explain its persistent and pervasive nature in the South of Para. To fill this gap in understanding, we develop an explanation based on the geographic conception of place, and we use contentious politics theory heuristically to elucidate the ways in which general processes interact with place-specific history to engender a landscape of violence. In so doing, we focus on environmental, cognitive, and relational mechanisms (and implicated structures), and attempt to deploy them in an explanatory framework that allows direct observation of the accumulating layers of the region's tragic history. We end by placing our discussion within a political ecological context, and consider the implications of the Amazon Land War for the environment.
A Note on Preferential and Illegal Trade Under Quantitative Restrictions

In a recent article Bhagwati and Hansen (1973) modify the traditional international trade model to include the possibility of smuggling. A basic conclusion of their analysis is that smuggling to evade an import tariff need not improve economic welfare. This note has two objectives: first, to show that this result does not carry over to quantitative restrictions, despite their commonly held equivalence (Section I); second, to show that under quantitative trade restrictions, by using the analogy with the theory of preferential trading provided by Bhagwati and Hansen, preferential trade will not be tradediverting 'Section II).
Community Decision-Making Systems Recruitment Culture and Political Responsiveness

This study examines the proposition that an area's recruitment culture may be an im portant intervening factor between community characteristics and the policy attitudes of elected decision makers. The research departs from previous studies in that it attempts to look at partisanship and the recruitment of local officials as a cultural, rather than strictly legal, phenomenon. In analyzing both aggregate and survey data gathered in Wisconsin counties, it was found that, in spite of legal nonpartisanship, there was much variation among the counties in terms of partisan factors surrounding decisions to seek public office, and that variation in recruitment cultures seemed to be related in systematic ways to the collective policy preferences of county boards.
Albumin from heated human plasma. II. Denaturation kinetics: influence of pH and temperature.

Abstract The denaturation of human plasma albumin has been studied as a function of pH and temperature. The process follows first-order kinetics with respect to protein concentration, although more than one reaction appears to take place. The principal reaction has been shown to involve a series of dissociation states among five key groups in the albumin molecule. When three dissociations have been suppressed, denaturation occurs rapidly. The possibility of the formation of key hydrogen bonds in the molecule is indicated by the measurements. Thermodynamic values for the dissociations and for the denaturation step are presented. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
A structured approach to problem solving at the introduction level in computer science

Problem solving is a task which is basic to many every day situations. Generally, people are not fully aware of the thought processes which enter into the solution of their particular situation. A problem presents itself and the solution, if determined, is implemented. Humans are able to solve problems in a relatively informal manner. Computers, due to their limited abilities, usually cannot be used to solve problems in this fashion. Greater success in computerized problem solution is often attained through strict, rigid expression of the problem and of its solution (i.e. a structured approach).There are a variety of techniques which one can use in formally defining a problem situation. One that has found some favor is to precisely define the problem by subdividing it into lesser problems and then to define the subproblems into lesser problems until the entire problem has been broken into relatively elementary operations. The problem and all of its subdivisions are then analyzed in order to determine the required input values (i.e. what information or action does each segment need in order to perform its function properly?), and the required output values (i.e. what information or action does the step produce in order for succeeding steps to perform their function properly or for the solution to the problem to be furthered?). Completion of the subdivision and analysis steps is followed by translation of the problem into a computer language and by the subsequent testing of the solution to insure that it is truly correct.Four commonly used methods for expression of the analyses of the problem are a word description of the problem, a list of the major points of the problem, a “flowchart” of the problem, or an artificial language (commonly a computer language) description of the problem solution. Quite often a combination of the four basic methods is employed. The main purpose of the methods is to completely define the problem and its solution so that every facet of these two items is completely understood. Consequently, it is best to employ whatever method or combination of methods one finds easiest to use in order to further his comprehension of the problem.
A Comprehensive Time Series Model for Studying the Effects Reservoir Management on Fish Populations

Abstract We describe a linear modeling technique that derives functions (parameters) of the predictor variables in a tabular form using a Fourier transformation technique. The result is a complex multiple regression model that is actually a series of models independently describing each parameter. This technique (1) provides an approximation to nonlinear modeling that is not restricted to a small number of variables, (2) does not require precisely formulated theoretical functions for each variable, and (3) avoids many of the restricting assumptions normally required for nonlinear modeling. The estimate of the total systematic information (variance) in the system and the amount of information predicted by the model can be used as a measure of the efficacy of the model. A production form of the model is being completed for use on the Missouri River mainstem reservoir system for predicting the effects of reservoir management practices on the indigenous fish populations.
Integrated VCSEL-Microlens Scanner With Large Scan Range

We present an integrated beam steering system with a microlens scanner and a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) source. The scanner and the VCSEL are assembled with an alignment sphere process and with an accuracy of 121 ±7 μm defined by precision microspheres. The microlens scanner employs an electrostatic comb-drive actuator with prebent springs to extend the maximum displacement to 83 μm; 60% larger than that with standard folded springs. This translates to an angular scan range of ±9.6Â° with the double sided comb-drive scanner. The mechanical resonance with lens is measured to be 236 Hz.
Status of basic shock-layer radiation information for inner-planet atmospheric entry.

Basic shock layer radiation data obtained in shock tube and free-flight ballistic range facilities, applicable to Venus or Mars atmosphere entry
Divided Loyalties: Determinants of Identification in Interorganizational Teams

Identification with a home organization may be particularly problematic for the development of interorganizational team identification. This study explores multiple conditions under which home orga...
What Ecology Can do for Environmental Management

Abstract Community ecology currently has no general theories having predictive power. As Woodwell ( Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 59 , 136-140, 1978) claimed, it is in a state of "paradigms lost". Given the dearth of general, classical hypothetico-deductive theories, a number of prominent scholars including biologist Robert Henry Peters and environmental philosopher Mark Sagoff—have warned that ecology is of limited importance in helping to solve practical problems of environmental management. Although we agree that some of the insights of the critics of ecology are correct, we disagree with the claim that ecology is an unhealthy science unable to provide firm foundations for environmental problem solving. Our analysis falls into four categories. First, we examine Peters' six arguments for the weakness of ecology in solving problems of environmental management, and we show the degree to which each is correct or incorrect. Second, we evaluate the proposals of Sagoff who argues that we ought to ignore the ecological foundations for judgements about environmental welfare and instead to focus on uncontroversial cases of what is environmentally unhealthy. Third, we argue that, despite the difficulties associated with defining foundation ecological concepts (such as "species") and with formulating regularities about allegedly unique phenomena, statistical laws may provide some ecological explanations capable of grounding decisions about environmental management. Fourth, using insights from the recent National Academy of Sciences report, we argue that if ecological method is grounded on a "logic of case studies" rather than a traditional "logic of confirmation", then it may be able to guide conservation policy.
Infants' perception of face orientation

The present cross-sectional study traced the development from four to six months of the infant's ability to identify the orientation of a face. Identification was inferred from the infant's differential visual fixation of a novel over a previously exposed stimulus. Infants at 16 weeks were able to distinguish a face in its upright position from the same face positioned in a nonupright, sideways, orientation. Distinctions among nonupright orientations such as upside down from sideways were not made at 16 weeks, but did occur at 22 weeks. No differentiation of left from right was evident at 22 weeks. Additional results indicated that the diagonal is confused at 16 weeks with both upright and upside down orientation and at 22 weeks is distinguished from the upright but is not differentiated from upside down or sideways. The pattern of results confirms the main assumptions of Braine's theory of the development of orientation perception.
Leveling the Playing Field for Planning University-Based Distance Education.

An analysis of the social dynamics of negotiating curriculum development for an independent study distance education program in higher education is presented.
Rectangular aperture radiating into a lossy medium-numerical and experimental results

The authors present three numerical techniques: the finite element method, the method of moments (MOM) and the mode-matching method. These methods were used to determine the input impedance of a rectangular aperture excited by a rectangular waveguide and radiating into a lossy medium. The numerical techniques were applied to several aperture geometries, such as capacitive and inductive slots, in contact with known dielectrics (water and methanol). The calculations were performed over the frequency range 8.5-11.5 GHz (X-band). The numerical results were validated by measurements performed with an automated network analyzer. Typical results are presented which show the dominant mode reflection coefficient in the plane of the aperture for the case of an open-ended guide (full aperture) in contact with water. The CPU usage of the numerical methods is given. >
A new model for including discrete dopant ions into Monte Carlo simulations

A new method for including discrete dopants into Monte Carlo device simulation is presented. The method uses a molecular dynamics treatment of the electron-electron and electron-ion interaction that includes quantum mechanical effects via an effective potential. Modeling the positive ions with an effective potential results in an energy minimum of 50.7 meV at the positive ion, which correlates well to common donor energy levels in silicon. We find that the method produces the expected mobility reduction in the I/sub D/-V/sub G/ characteristics of thin SOI MOSFETs.
A Study of Vibrational Relaxation of B-State Carbon Monoxide in the Heme Pocket of Photolyzed Carboxymyoglobin

The vibrational energy relaxation of dissociated carbon monoxide in the heme pocket of sperm whale myoglobin has been studied using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation and normal mode analysis methods. Molecular dynamics trajectories of solvated myoglobin were run at 300 K for both the delta- and epsilon-tautomers of the distal histidine, His64. Vibrational population relaxation times were estimated using the Landau-Teller model. For carbon monoxide (CO) in the myoglobin epsilon-tautomer, for a frequency of omega0 = 2131 cm-1 corresponding to the B1 state, T1epsilon(B1) = 640 +/- 185 ps, and for a frequency of omega0 = 2119 cm-1 corresponding to the B2 state, T1epsilon(B2) = 590 +/- 175 ps. Although the CO relaxation rates in both the epsilon- and delta-tautomers are similar in magnitude, the simulations predict that the vibrational relaxation of the CO is faster in the delta-tautomer. For CO in the myoglobin delta-tautomer, it was found that the relaxation times were identical within error for the two CO substate frequencies, T1delta(B1) = 335 +/- 115 ps and T1delta(B2) = 330 +/- 145 ps. These simulation results are in reasonable agreement with experimental results of Anfinrud and coworkers (unpublished results). Normal mode calculations were used to identify the dominant coupling between the protein and CO molecules. The calculations suggest that the residues of the myoglobin pocket, acting as a first solvation shell to the CO molecule, contribute the primary "doorway" modes in the vibrational relaxation of the oscillator.
Subnanosecond Electric Pulses Cause Membrane Permeabilization and Cell Death

Subnanosecond electric pulses (200 ps) at electric field intensities on the order of 20 kV/cm cause the death of B16.F10 murine melanoma cells when applied for minutes with a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz. The lethal effect of the ultrashort pulses is found to be caused by a combination of thermal effects and electrical effects. Studies on the cellular level show increased transport across the membrane at much lower exposure times or number of pulses. Exposed to 2000 pulses, NG108 cells exhibit an increase in membrane conductance, but only allow transmembrane currents to flow, if the medium is positively biased with respect to the cell interior. This means that the cell membrane behaves like a rectifying diode. This increase in membrane conductance is a nonthermal process, since the temperature rise due to the pulsing is negligible.
Functional measurement of biological parts

We present a parts perspective using biological components to form complex systems and discuss: connectivity, network formation, and motility. Challenges associated with characterization and assembly are discussed relative to assay development and instrumentation advances.
Nonlinear theory for plates and shells including the effects of transverse shearing

Nonlinear strain displacement relations for three-dimensional elasticity are determined in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. To develop a two-dimensiona l theory, the displacements are expressed by trigonometric series representation through the thickness. The nonlinear strain-displacement relations are expanded into a series that contains all first- and second-degree terms. In the series for the displacements only the first few terms are retained. Insertion of the expansions into the three-dimensional virtual work expression leads to nonlinear equations of equilibrium for laminated and thick plates and shells that include the effects of transverse shearing. Equations of equilibrium and buckling equations are derived for flat plates and cylindrical shells. The shell equations reduce to conventional transverse shearing shell equations when the effects of the trigonometric terms are omitted and to classical shell equations when the trigonometric terms are omitted and the shell is assumed to be thin. Numerical results are presented for the buckling of a thick simply supported flat rectangular plate in longitudinal compression.
SPADES - a distributed agent simulation environment with software-in-the-loop execution

Simulations are used extensively for studying artificial intelligence. However, the simulation technology in use by and designed for the artificial intelligence community often fails to take advantage of much of the work by the larger simulation community to produce distributed, repeatable, and efficient simulations. We present the system for parallel agent discrete event simulation, (SPADES), which is a simulation environment for the artificial intelligence community. SPADES focuses on the agent as a fundamental simulation component. The thinking time of an agent is tracked and reflected in the results of the agents' actions by using a software-in-the-loop mechanism. SPADES supports distributed execution of the agents across multiple systems, while at the same time producing repeatable results regardless of network or system load. We discuss the design of SPADES and give experimental results. SPADES is flexible enough for a variety of application domains in the artificial intelligence research community.
Ampère's Invention of Equilibrium Apparatus: A Response to Experimental Anomaly

Andre-Marie Ampere's contributions to electrodynamics came at a late stage in an unconventional career. In 1820, he had reached the age of forty-five and had not as yet done any systematic research in physics. As a member of the mathematics section of the Academie des Sciences, his only significant contributions to the physical sciences had been some constructive criticisms of Fresnel's wave theory of light and three memoirs on chemical classification and gas theory. Meanwhile, his longstanding interests in metaphysics and epistemology had resulted in pointed methodological and philosophical attitudes which both motivated and structured his subsequent work in electrodynamics. Not surprisingly, events during the first few months of Ampere's research included many unplanned and unexpected encounters as this wildly enthusiastic theoretician grappled for the first time with the recalcitrant complexity of actual experimentation in an uncharted new domain.
Hybrid and N Fertilization Affect Corn Silage Yield and Quality

We determined the effect of N fertilization on dry matter (DM) yield, predicted milk yield, and forage quality of fresh (green chopped) and ensiled forage of two brown midrib (BMR) hybrids, a leafy hybrid, and a conventional silage hybrid. Increasing N rates from 0 to 200 kg ha -1 increased corn grain, stover and whole plant DM yield and milk yield. The forage yield and quality response to N was similar for all hybrids. Nitrogen fertilization increased forage crude protein (CP) concentration but had little effect on other forage quality components. BMR hybrids, F377 and F657, had the lowest grain, stover and whole plant yield but had the highest digestibility and predicted milk yield Mg -1 of forage. Predicted milk yield ha -1 was similar for the BMR, leafy and conventional hybrids. Ensiling reduced starch concentration compared with green chopped forage, but effects on other forage quality variables were less consistent. Hybrid and N fertilization affects were similar for green chopped and ensiled corn forage.
NORM: compact model order reduction of weakly nonlinear systems

This paper presents a compact Nonlinear model Order Reduction Method (NORM) that is applicable for time-invariant and time-varying weakly nonlinear systems. NORM is suitable for reducing a class of weakly nonlinear systems that can be well characterized by low order Volterra functional series. Unlike existing projection based reduction methods by J. Roychowdhury et al. (1999), NORM begins with the general matrix-form Volterra nonlinear transfer functions to derive a set of minimum Krylov subspaces for order reduction. Direct moment matching of the nonlinear transfer functions by projection of the original system onto this set of minimum Krylov subspaces leads to a significant reduction of model size. As we will demonstrate as part of our comparison with existing methods, the efficacy of model order for weakly nonlinear systems is determined by the extent to which models can be reduced. Our results further indicate that a multiple-point version of NORM can substantially reduce the model size and approach the ultimate model compactness that is achievable for nonlinear system reduction. We demonstrate the practical utility of NORM for macromodeling weakly nonlinear RF circuits with time-varying behavior.
Information theory and statistics

The main theorems in information theory and statistics are put in context, the differences are discussed, and some of the open research problems are mentioned. The author demonstrates some of the points of intersection of information theory and statistics, and discuss some problems in physics and computer science that require a rigorous probabilistic treatment.
Threonine Utilization Is High in the Intestine of Piglets

The whole-body threonine requirement in parenterally fed piglets is substantially lower than that in enterally fed piglets, indicating that enteral nutrition induces intestinal processes in demand of threonine. We hypothesized that the percentage of threonine utilization for oxidation and intestinal protein synthesis by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) increases when dietary protein intake is reduced. Piglets (n = 18) received isocaloric normal or protein-restricted diets. After 7 h of enteral feeding, total threonine utilization, incorporation into intestinal tissue, and oxidation by the PDV, were determined with stable isotope methodology [U-(13)C threonine infusion]. Although the absolute amount of systemic and dietary threonine utilized by the PDV was reduced in protein-restricted piglets, the percentage of dietary threonine intake utilized by the PDV did not differ between groups (normal protein 91% vs. low protein 85%). The incorporation of dietary threonine into the proximal jejunum was significantly different compared with the other intestinal segments. Dietary, rather than systemic threonine was preferentially utilized for protein synthesis in the small intestinal mucosa in piglets that consumed the normal protein diet (P < 0.05). Threonine oxidation by the PDV was limited during normal protein feeding. In protein-restricted pigs, half of the total whole-body oxidation occurred in the PDV. We conclude that, in vivo, the PDV have a high obligatory visceral requirement for threonine. The high rate of intestinal threonine utilization is due mainly to incorporation into mucosal proteins
A Floating Bridge Disrupts Seaward Migration and Increases Mortality of Steelhead Smolts in Hood Canal, Washington State

Background Habitat modifications resulting from human transportation and power-generation infrastructure (e.g., roads, dams, bridges) can impede movement and alter natural migration patterns of aquatic animal populations, which may negatively affect survival and population viability. Full or partial barriers are especially problematic for migratory species whose life histories hinge on habitat connectivity. Methodology/Principal Findings The Hood Canal Bridge, a floating structure spanning the northern outlet of Hood Canal in Puget Sound, Washington, extends 3.6 meters underwater and forms a partial barrier for steelhead migrating from Hood Canal to the Pacific Ocean. We used acoustic telemetry to monitor migration behavior and mortality of steelhead smolts passing four receiver arrays and several single receivers within the Hood Canal, Puget Sound, and Strait of Juan de Fuca. Twenty-seven mortality events were detected within the vicinity of the Hood Canal Bridge, while only one mortality was recorded on the other 325 receivers deployed throughout the study area. Migrating steelhead smolts were detected at the Hood Canal Bridge array with greater frequency, on more receivers, and for longer durations than smolts migrating past three comparably configured arrays. Longer migration times and paths are likely to result in a higher density of smolts near the bridge in relation to other sites along the migration route, possibly inducing an aggregative predator response to steelhead smolts. Conclusions/Significance This study provides strong evidence of substantial migration interference and increased mortality risk associated with the Hood Canal Bridge, and may partially explain low early marine survival rates observed in Hood Canal steelhead populations. Understanding where habitat modifications indirectly increase predation pressures on threatened populations helps inform potential approaches to mitigation.
The continent ileostomy: long-term durability and patient satisfaction.

The long-term results of the continent ileostomy are controversial. Durability and patient satisfaction were evaluated by analyzing the outcome in 129 consecutive patients who had a continent ileostomy performed by one surgeon at the University of California, San Francisco, between 1975 and 1995. A quality-of-life questionnaire was sent to all patients for whom addresses were available (n = 121). Late outcome data could be obtained for 85 (66%) of the 129 patients. Three of the 85 patients died with their continent ileostomies but of unrelated causes. Fifty-one (60%) of 85 patients currently have the continent ileostomy (group A) (mean 15.1 years, range 2.7 to 21.7 years), whereas 31 (36%) of 85 have undergone conversion of continent ileostomy to conventional ileostomy (group B) (mean 5.4 years, range 0.2 to 20.4 years). Patients in group A underwent fewer major postoperative revisions (mean 0.7, range 0 to 4) than patients in group B (mean 1.3, range 0 to 8) (t test, P = 0.088). The indications for pouch removal included valve dysfunction (42%), refractory pouchitis (23%), multiple fistulas (26%), Crohn’s disease (6%), and other (16%) (four patients had two indications). Eighty-seven percent of survey respondents in group A considered their present state of health to be better than before their continent ileostomies. Fifty-seven percent and 82 % of respondents in group A were not limited at all in regard to vigorous or moderate activity, respectively. Although in approximately one third of patients the pouch had to be removed, 97% of the remaining two thirds have a good to excellent outcome.
Adaptive terahertz imaging using a virtual transceiver and coherence weighting

We demonstrate an adaptive reconstruction technique to significantly improve the depth of focus and contrast of three-dimensional reflection-mode terahertz imaging. A laterally scanned virtual transceiver element records reflections from the object of interest. A synthetic aperture focusing technique maintains fine spatial resolution over a large image depth. Measuring the spatial coherence of the received signals across the transceiver aperture provides a non-iterative self-adaptive approach to significantly improve image contrast. Test images show a spatial resolution of 0.4 mm maintained over a 16 mm depth of field, and up to a 30 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio.
A simple all-parylene in-channel pop-up checkvalve with controllable cracking pressure

We present here a new surface-micromachined, all-parylene (para-xylylene), in-channel, normally-closed pop-up checkvalve with a designable cracking pressure. The cracking pressure is created by the mechanical residual tensile stress introduced by a popping mechanism. Moreover, an even higher cracking pressure can be achieved by thermal annealing before popping, which adds another degree of freedom to control the cracking pressure. The checkvalves can be easily micro machined combined with parylene channels to form a fully independent micro fluidic regulating system. A testing chip is designed to test the fabricated device sealed with photoresist which can be released by acetone afterward. This work demonstrated a cracking pressure of 0.17 psi by the popping and 0.32 psi by the combined thermal annealing (at 140°C) and popping. The final device is designed as 6 mm long, which is useful for heath care or any biomedical applications.
Cerebrovascular Disease: Frequency and Population Selectivity in an Upper Midwestern Community

The number of new strokes diagnosed in the communities of Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, Minnesota, was determined by intensive review of medical records in all hospitals, clinics and nursing homes in the area for the period 1965 to 1966. These two adjacent communities have unusual advantages for such a study because their neurological diagnostic facilities are of excellent quality, the population served is stable, and the communities are isolated from other medical facilities by many miles. Out of a population of 94,000 about one-third of which was over 35 years of age and almost all of which was white, a total of 408 patients were diagnosed as having suffered a new cerebral thrombosis (154 cases), hemorrhage (66 cases), embolus (15 cases), subarachnoid hemorrhage (30 cases) or unspecified CVA (143 cases). The average annual incidence of these strokes was respectively 83, 35, 8, 16 and 76 per 100,000 population. These rates are similar to the rates reported elsewhere in a United States, a Japanese an...
Boundary element solution of the linear Poisson-Boltzmann equation and a multipole method for the rapid calculation of forces on macromolecules in solution.

The Poisson-Boltzmann equation is widely used to describe the electrostatic potential of molecules in an ionic solution that is treated as a continuous dielectric medium. The linearized form of this equation, applicable to many biologic macromolecules, may be solved using the boundary element method. A single-layer formulation of the boundary element method, which yields simpler integral equations than the direct formulations previously discussed in the literature, is given. It is shown that the electrostatic force and torque on a molecule may be calculated using its boundary element representation and also the polarization charge for two rigid molecules may be rapidly calculated using a noniterative scheme. An algorithm based on a fast adaptive multipole method is introduced to further increase the speed of the calculation. This method is particularly suited for Brownian dynamics or molecular dynamics simulations of large molecules, in which the electrostatic forces must be calculated for many different relative positions and orientations of the molecules. It has been implemented as a set of programs in C++, which are used to study the accuracy and speed of this method for two actin monomers.
Shock Wave Response of Materials at Different Length Scales

After a brief introduction to shock wave propagation in solids, recent experimental developments to understand the real time response of shocked materials at various length scales are outlined. Results from two representative studies are summarized: xray diffraction to examine elastic-plastic deformation in shocked LiF crystals; and picosecond optical absorption to examine structural transformation in shocked CdS crystals. Issues related to examining material processes at different length scales in shock wave experiments are discussed briefly.
The Acute Effects of Yoga on Executive Function

Background: Despite an increase in the prevalence of yoga exercise, research focusing on the relationship between yoga exercise and cognition is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute yoga exercise session, relative to aerobic exercise, on cognitive performance. Methods: A repeated measures design was employed where 30 female college-aged participants (Mean age = 20.07, SD = 1.95) completed 3 counterbalanced testing sessions: a yoga exercise session, an aerobic exercise session, and a baseline assessment. The flanker and n-back tasks were used to measure cognitive performance. Results: Results showed that cognitive performance after the yoga exercise bout was significantly superior (ie, shorter reaction times, increased accuracy) as compared with the aerobic and baseline conditions for both inhibition and working memory tasks. The aerobic and baseline performance was not significantly different, contradicting some of the previous findings in the acute aerobic exercise and cognition literature. Conclusion: These findings are discussed relative to the need to explore the effects of other nontraditional modes of exercise such as yoga on cognition and the importance of time elapsed between the cessation of the exercise bout and the initiation of cognitive assessments in improving task performance.
A post silicon-on-insulator compatible smart tube technology.

This paper reports a technology to fabricate micro-parylene tubes with integrated sensors. The unique advantage of this new technology is its ability to incorporate high-temperature solid-state materials. Standard CMOS and MEMS devices can be fabricated first on the silicon wafers and then the smart tubes are formed by taking advantage of XeF2 isotropic silicon etching and conformal parylene coating.
DSP Driven Parallel EVM Testing of Embedded MIMO-OFDM RF Modules

In this paper, we present a low-cost methodology for parallel testing of MIMO-OFDM RF modules using optimized bandwidth-partitioned frequency domain stimulus applied from the embedded DSP module of the MIMO-OFDM system and a simple combination of sensors on the load board. A comprehensive set of specifications of multiple RF modules chains are computed simultaneously from the observed DUT response using a single data acquisition. This allows MIMO-RF chains to be tested efficiently with lower test cost and test time as compared to prior test techniques. Experimental results provided for a 2.4 GHz transmitter showcase the ability of the presented technique to compute the RF specifications accurately.
An Instruction on the In Vivo Shell-Less Chorioallantoic Membrane 3-Dimensional Tumor Spheroid Model

The traditional shell chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model has been used extensively in cancer research to study tumor growth and angiogenesis. Here we present a combined in vivo tumor spheroid and shell-less CAM three-dimensional model for use in quantitative and qualitative analysis. With this model, the angiogenic and tumorigenic environments can be generated locally without exogenous growth factors. This physiological model offers a stable, static and flat environment that features a large working area and wider field of view useful for imaging and biomedical engineering applications. The short experimental time frame allows for rapid data acquisition, screening and validation of biomedical devices. The method and application of this shell-less model are discussed in detail, providing a useful tool for biomedical engineering research.
Ion-beam-induced formation of a stable phase at the expense of an otherwise dominant metastable phase

Thermal aging and irradiation experiments were carried out in Fe--Ni--Cr base alloys containing Ti or Nb as well as low levels of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon. After aging, fine dispersions of TiC and NbC were formed. However, after irradiation the Ti-containing alloy precipitated Ti(N,O) rather than TiC, while the Nb-containing alloy precipitated NbC. Analysis of the energetics of these reactions reveals that the Ti(N,O) phase is thermodynamically more stable than the TiC phase, while the NbC phase is more stable than the NbO phase. These results are therefore consistent with observed behavior. While it is well known that irradiation can drive a system away from equilibrium, the present results show that irradiation also can catalyze the formation of a more stable phase at the expense of a persistent metastable phase.
Cultures in Conversation

Cultures in Conversation. Donal Carbaugh. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2005. xxvii. 149 pp.
Susceptibility of Rabbits Immunized with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) or Mycobacterium phlei to Shigella Keratoconjunctivitis

Vaccination of rabbits with mycobacteria increased their resistance to eye infection with Shigella flexneri. However, the severity of keratoconjunctivitis was not reduced in the vaccinated animals.
Differences in the Use and Quality of Antidiabetic Therapies in Mexican American and Non-Hispanic Whites With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in the US: NHANES 2003-2012.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the use of clinical guideline–recommended antidiabetic therapies among Mexican Americans (MA) and non-Hispanic whites with uncontrolled type 2 diab...
Comprehensive Assessment and Classification of High-Grade B-cell Lymphomas

High-grade B-cell lymphomas (HGBCLs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that include subsets of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and lymphomas with features intermediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. Morphologically indistinguishable HGBCLs may demonstrate variable clinical courses and responses to therapy. The morphologic evaluation and classification of these neoplasms must be followed by further genetic and immunophenotypic work-up. These additional diagnostic modalities lead to a comprehensive stratification of HGBCL that determines the prognosis and optimal therapy. This article reviews the well-established and emerging biomarkers that are most relevant to the clinical management of HGBCL.
Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes

On the basis of popular reports of animal agitation prior to earthquakes, a semiquantitative study has been carried out of the possibility of the emission of acoustic strain and fracture radiation prior to earthquakes. Such emission has been observed in the laboratory and in mines, and the bearing of these reports on the animal behavior reports is discussed. The comparative auditory/vibration response of humans and animals is discussed insofar as quantitative data are available. Theoretical estimates are derived of the frequency of the sound emitted by preliminary fracturing in a highly stressed region. The results for rockburst conditions in mines are consistent with the frequency spectra of the observed signals. Application to earthquake conditions indicates some emission should occur over high audible to low ultrasonic frequencies. Estimates of the intensity of such emission are also obtained to ascertain if it might be detectable on a practical basis. These results lead to transmission range estimates which, for rock Q-values at normal pressure, indicate a very short range with at best a marginal possibility of detection under certain very favorable circumstances. Since, however, rock Q-values are known to increase with pressure, it is pointed out that this may lead to a substantial increase in local transmission ranges within regions of high stress. This effect might permit the practical observation of preliminary emission for shallow earthquakes whose strain fields extend to the surface.
Behavior of Highly-Filled Rubber Vulcanizates

Abstract Examination of the stress-strain curves of vuloanizates containing up to 60 per cent by volume of mineral filler of particle size greater than 1 µ has led to the discovery of a plateau at which the elongation increases several hundred-fold at constant stress. This has been demonstrated for a number of fillers with several rubbers, natural and synthetic. The effect of filler content, particle size, and degree of cure on the stress at which the plateau occurs, and its length, have been investigated. An explanation is suggested and the significance of the observations for the experimental verification of equations relating modulus to filler content is pointed out. The volume changes accompanying the elongation of these vulcanizates have also been investigated at varying filler contents, particle sizes, and degrees of cure, and shown to correlate with the stress-strain curves. The possible bearing of these results on the nature of the rubber-filler bonds, and hence on the reinforcing action of filler...
Endogenous angiotensin II modulates rat proximal tubule transport with acute changes in extracellular volume

In the present study, we examined whether the effect of endogenously produced angiotensin II on proximal tubule transport in the male Sprague-Dawley rat is regulated by acute changes in extracellul...
“The Pig That Therefore I Am”: Visual Art and Animal Activism

How does visual art affect the work of social movements? In her photography series “The Pig That Therefore I Am,” artist Miru Kim photographs her nude body alongside pigs in factory farms and in fa...
A review and examination of ultrasound for lipoplasty

The authors review the basics of medical ultrasound and discuss several of its therapeutic applications. With that as background, the authors describe how ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty may work. The article closes with a discussion of possible causes of immediate damage with ultrasound as well as possible causes of long-term deleterious effects.
The tulsa processor: A dual core large shared-cache Intel® Xeon processor 7000 sequence for the MP server market segment

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the Tulsa Processor from Intel. Some of the specific topics discussed include: the special features of the Tulsa processor; applications for its use; processing capabilities; targeted markets for its deployment; paths to multi-core designs; options for multiple core processing; the Tulsa engineering experience based on product implementation and use; system architecture; and tested performance output results.