cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A DISTRIBUTED ALGORITHM FOR ON-LINE DIAGNOSIS OF PLACE-BORDERED PETRI NETS

Abstract A new distributed algorithm for on-line fault detection and isolation of discrete-event systems modeled by Petri nets is presented. The algorithm is applicable to systems modeled in a modular manner by means of place-bordered Petri nets, i.e., Petri nets with common places but distinct transitions. These Petri nets have transition labeled with events; fault events are modeled as transitions labeled with unobservable events. It is assumed that the diagnoser modules are able to communicate in real-time during the diagnostic process. A merge function is defined to combine the individual diagnoser states and recover the complete diagnoser state that would be obtained under a monolithic approach.
Immune Response to Campylobacter jejuni in a Rural Community in Thailand

Abstract : We studied the prevalence of antibodies to Campylobacter jejuni in serum from healthy Thai villagers by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with C. jejuni surface proteins as antigens. Levels of C. jejuni-specific IgA rose progressively through life, IgG peaked in the second year of life and then fell, and IgM peaked during late childhood and the teenage years. These findings confirm results reserved in Bangladeshi children, and they suggest there is intense early exposure and continued exposure through life. The ratio of C. jejuni-specific IgA to total IgA was constant in all age groups while the ratio of specific IgG and IgM followed the same age-related pattern as the levels of antibody to C. jejuni. The age-related discordance between the C. jejuni- specific IgA and IgG levels observed in this and the previous study are at present unexplained.
The High-Altitude MMIC Sounding Radiometer for the Global Hawk Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Instrument Description and Performance

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's High-Altitude Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit (MMIC) Sounding Radiometer (HAMSR) is a 25-channel cross-track scanning microwave sounder with channels near the 60- and 118-GHz oxygen lines and the 183-GHz water-vapor line. It has previously participated in three hurricane field campaigns, namely, CAMEX-4 (2001), Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (2005), and NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (2006). The HAMSR instrument was recently extensively upgraded for the deployment on the Global Hawk (GH) unmanned aerial vehicle platform. One of the major upgrades is the addition of a front-end low-noise amplifier, developed by JPL, to the 183-GHz channel which reduces the noise in this channel to less than 0.1 K at the sensor resolution (~2 km). This will enable HAMSR to observe much smaller scale water-vapor features. Another major upgrade is an enhanced data system that provides onboard science processing capability and real-time data access. HAMSR has been well characterized, including passband characterization, along-scan bias characterization, and calibrated noise-performance characterization. The absolute calibration is determined in-flight and has been estimated to be better than 1.5 K from previous campaigns. In 2010, HAMSR participated in the NASA Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes campaign on the GH to study tropical cyclone genesis and rapid intensification. HAMSR-derived products include observations of the atmospheric state through retrievals of temperature, water-vapor, and cloud-liquid-water profiles. Other products include convective intensity, precipitation content, and 3-D storm structure.
At last! A Working Model of a Data Ecosystem for Continuous Learning in the Evolving Health Noosphere

At last! A Working Model of a Data Ecosystem for Continuous Learning in the Evolving Health Noosphere -
Neurons In The Monkey Amygdala Detect Eye Contact During Naturalistic Social Interactions

Primates explore the visual world through eye-movement sequences. Saccades bring details of interest into the fovea, while fixations stabilize the image. During natural vision, social primates direct their gaze at the eyes of others to communicate their own emotions and intentions and to gather information about the mental states of others. Direct gaze is an integral part of facial expressions that signals cooperation or conflict over resources and social status. Despite the great importance of making and breaking eye contact in the behavioral repertoire of primates, little is known about the neural substrates that support these behaviors. Here we show that the monkey amygdala contains neurons that respond selectively to fixations on the eyes of others and to eye contact. These "eye cells" share several features with the canonical, visually responsive neurons in the monkey amygdala; however, they respond to the eyes only when they fall within the fovea of the viewer, either as a result of a deliberate saccade or as eyes move into the fovea of the viewer during a fixation intended to explore a different feature. The presence of eyes in peripheral vision fails to activate the eye cells. These findings link the primate amygdala to eye movements involved in the exploration and selection of details in visual scenes that contain socially and emotionally salient features.
An objective tactile sensing strategy for object recognition and localization

A theory for scheduling sensor moves to obtain tactile information from objects is presented. In this report, tactile measurements are assumed taken from 2-D planar objects and consist of the point of contact of the sensor with an object's face and the surface normal vector at the contact point, although the theory does not preclude other tactile inputs. The theory is also not limited to 2-D planar objects, and general 3-D objects may be used with a concomitant increase in representation complexity and software development effort. It is only required that there be a finite number of interpretations of the tactile data. A hardware demonstration system is under development.
Optimization of the final adder stage of fast multipliers

Fast multipliers consist of an array of AND gates, a bit reduction stage, and a final two-operand addition. There are three widely recognized types of fast multipliers: Wallace, Dadda, and reduced area. These multipliers are distinguished by their techniques for the bit reduction stage; however, little research has been invested in the optimization of the final addition stage. This paper presents an approach for investigating the optimal final adder structure for the three types of fast multipliers. Multiple designs are characterized using the Virginia Tech 0.25 μm TSMC standard cell library and Synopsys Design Vision to determine area, power consumption, and critical delay compared with a traditional carry look ahead adder. A figure of merit that includes these measurements is used to compare the performance of the proposed adders. Although this analysis neglects loading, interconnect, and several other parameters that are needed to accurately model the multipliers in a modern VLSI process technology, the results obtained using the figure of merit suggest that the final adder in each of the three fast multipliers can indeed be optimized.
Japanese Americans' Health Concerns and Depressive Symptoms: Implications for Disaster Counseling

This study examined factors contributing to depressive symptoms among Japanese Americans. Data were collected in Houston, Texas, in 2008, before the March 2011 Japan earthquake, through a community survey including demographic and mental health questions and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist. Among 43 Japanese American respondents in this convenience sample, the depression prevalence was 11.6 percent. Chi-square results found that having anxiety symptoms and holding a master's degree had statistically significant relationships with depressive symptoms. An independent sample t test found that those having depressive symptoms experienced significantly more health issues than those without depressive symptoms. When these statistically significant variables were entered into a logistic regression model, the overall effect of having health issues, anxiety symptoms, and a master's degree collectively predicted depressive symptoms. It was also found that Japanese Americans rarely consult mental health professionals; in particular, female Japanese American respondents tend to seek help from religious leaders. As implied by these findings, the reluctance of Japanese Americans to seek formal help can be explained by social stigma, a health-oriented approach to treatment, and other cultural considerations. Practice implications focus on disaster counseling with a connection between mental health needs and health care support. Language: en
Gray layer technology: incorporating a priori knowledge into feedforward artificial neural networks

Gray layer technology represents a novel method for incorporating prior information about an uncertain nonlinear system into the structure of a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN). A prescriptive technique is developed that sets or constrains the weights of a particular layer, designated the gray layer, according to a known or partially known function that is related in some manner to the system of interest. An algorithm is derived for backpropagating the error through the gray layer and adjusting the parameters of the gray layer that is consistent with other ANN learning techniques. Gray layer technology is applied to the identification of two different partially known dynamic systems. Results demonstrate a significant improvement in the quality of the identification model and an increase in the rate of convergence. >
Primitive adaptive critics

We propose a simple framework for critic-based training of recurrent neural networks and feedback controllers. We term the critics that are used primitive adaptive critics, since we represent them with the simplest possible architecture (bias weight only). We derive this framework from two main premises. The first of these is a natural similarity between a form of approximate dynamic programming, called dual heuristic programming, and backpropagation through time (BPTT), which are discussed. The second premise is our emphasis on a development of a truly online critic-based training procedure competitive in performance and computational cost to truncated BPTT. Three examples illustrate the main features of the framework proposed.
Information and Expression in a Digital Age Modeling Internet Effects on Civic Participation

This article examines the role of the Internet as a source of political information and a sphere for public expression. Informational media use, whether traditional news sources or online public affairs content, is expected to foster interpersonal political discussion and online civic messaging, contributing to increased civic participation. Using two-wave national panel survey data, three types of synchronous structural equation models are tested: cross sectional (relating individual differences), fixed effects (relating intraindividual change), and auto regressive (relating aggregate change). All models reveal that online media complement traditional media to foster political discussion and civic messaging. These two forms of political expression, in turn, influence civic participation. Other variable orderings are tested to compare the theorized model to alternative causal specifications. Results reveal that the model produces the best fit, empirically and theoretically, with the influence of the Inter...
Excitation-transcription coupling in smooth muscle.

Calcium (Ca2+) signals affect virtually every biological process, including both contraction and gene transcription in smooth muscle. Ca2+-regulated gene transcription is known to be important for both physiological and pathological responses in smooth muscle. The aim of this review is to discuss the current understanding of gene transcription regulated by excitation through Ca2+ signalling using a comparison of the two most characterized Ca2+-regulated transcription factors in smooth muscle, Ca2+–cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). Recent studies have shown commonalities and differences in the regulation of CREB and NFAT through both voltage- and non-voltage-gated Ca2+ channels that lead to expression of smooth muscle cell specific differentiation markers as well as markers of proliferation. New insights into the regulation of specific genes through companion elements on the promoters of Ca2+-regulated genes have led to new models for transcriptional regulation by Ca2+ that are defined both by the source and duration of the Ca2+ signal and the composition of enhancer elements found within the regulatory regions of specific genes. Thus the combination of signalling pathways elicited by particular Ca2+ signals affect selective promoter elements that are key to the ultimate pattern of gene transcription.
Genetic Basis of a Color Pattern Polymorphism in the Coqui Frog Eleutherodactylus coqui

Many species of frog exhibit striking color and pattern polymorphisms, but the genetic bases of these traits are not known for most species. The coqui frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, a species endemic to the island of Puerto Rico, exhibits a wide variety of color and pattern polymorphisms including 4 discrete stripe patterns on its dorsal surface and an unstriped morph. We conducted breeding experiments to determine the mode of inheritance for these 5 dorsal color patterns in E. coqui .W e analyzed results from 14 different cross types, which included 1519 offspring from 71 clutches. We found that color patterns segregate at ratios consistent with a single autosomal locus, 5-allele model, in which all alleles coding for stripes are codominant and the allele coding for the unstriped morph is recessive. We propose that this locus be named ‘‘stripes’’ with alleles B (interocular bar), L (dorsolateral stripes), N (narrow middorsal stripe), W (wide middorsal stripe), and u (unstriped). The results of this experiment suggest the genetic basis of stripe patterns in this well-studied species and provide a model for studying the evolution and maintenance of this phenotypic polymorphism.
Imaging of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes with the 450 MHz Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar

[1] Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) occur near the mesopause during the polar summer months. PMSE are primarily studied at VHF, however there have been some detections at higher frequencies. Here, we report on some of the first detections of PMSE with the 450 MHz (67 cm) Poker Flat Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR). Echoes were observed with volume reflectivities (radar scattering cross section per unit volume) near 2–3 × 10−17 m−1. On 11 June 2007, PFISR was operating in a 26-beam position mode, with look directions spread over an approximately 80 by 80 km2 region at 85 km altitude with elevation angles as low as ∼50°. The measurements showed patchy (tens of kilometer) irregularity regions drifting in from the north, in addition to smaller, more localized structures. There was no evidence for strong aspect sensitivity of these UHF echoes, as PMSE was observed in all look directions with relatively uniform intensity. The observations indicate the presence of fossilized irregularities drifting with the background wind field as well as areas of developing irregularities possibly associated with the presence of active neutral air turbulence.
SafetyNet: improving the availability of shared memory multiprocessors with global checkpoint/recovery

We develop an availability solution, called SafetyNet, that uses a unified, lightweight checkpoint/recovery mechanism to support multiple long-latency fault detection schemes. At an abstract level, SafetyNet logically maintains multiple, globally consistent checkpoints of the state of a shared memory multiprocessor (i.e., processors, memory, and coherence permissions), and it recovers to a pre-fault checkpoint of the system and re-executes if a fault is detected. SafetyNet efficiently coordinates checkpoints across the system in logical time and uses "logically atomic" coherence transactions to free checkpoints of transient coherence state. SafetyNet minimizes performance overhead by pipelining checkpoint validation with subsequent parallel execution.We illustrate SafetyNet avoiding system crashes due to either dropped coherence messages or the loss of an interconnection network switch (and its buffered messages). Using full-system simulation of a 16-way multiprocessor running commercial workloads, we find that SafetyNet (a) adds statistically insignificant runtime overhead in the common-case of fault-free execution, and (b) avoids a crash when tolerated faults occur.
Reconstruction from incompatible nonuniform band filter bank

Some of the outstanding problems in designing nonuniform band filter banks are studied. The design of incompatible nonuniform filter banks is considered where aliasing cancellation is impossible. The issue of filter quality in nonuniform filter banks is studied. Some design solutions and design examples are presented. It is shown that the aliasing cancellation can always be achieved by introducing enough freedom in the system filters. It is also shown that the filtering performance of the system filters may be improved by reducing the constraints on the system filters and a proper choice of system filter passbands. A special 3-band nonuniform filter bank is studied in more detail, and some results are presented. >
A new pinnotherid crab (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the Miocene Niijukutoge Formation, northeast Japan

ABSTRACT A new fossil pinnotherid crab, Globihexapus kosekii sp. nov. is described from the early to middle Miocene Niijukutoge Formation in Shichikashuku-machi, Miyagi Prefecture, northeast Japan. Based on the presence of five pairs of pereiopods as revealed in an examination of the present material and reexamination of the types of Globihexapus Schweitzer and Feldmann, 2001, this genus is transferred from the family Hexapodidae Miers, 1886 to the subfamily Asthenognathinae Stimpson, 1858 of the family Pinnotheridae de Haan, 1833.
Neonatal Cortisol Response to Circumcision with Anesthesia

Eleven male newborns were circumcised with a local dorsal penile nerve block, and 13 controls were circumcised without anesthetic. Matched pairs of pre- and postcircumcision cortisol levels in the two groups were compared. The adrenal cortisol response to surgery was not significantly reduced by the administration of lidocaine. Blood sampling and anesthetic injection of venipuncture alone did not evoke the adrenal response in uncircumcised control infants. Cortical input or secondary epinephrine elevation may be producing the cortisol elevation in infants despite regional blockage of the afferent nerve pathways.
Comparative Verification of Guidance and Local Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts: Calibration Analyses

Abstract A comparative verification is reported of 2631 matched pairs of quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) prepared daily from 1 October 1992 to 31 October 1996 by the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center (HPC) and the Weather Service Forecast Office in Pittsburgh (PIT). The predictand is the 24-h spatially averaged precipitation amount. The property of QPF being verified is calibration. Four interpretations of each QPF are hypothesized and verified: an exceedance fractile, a conditional exceedance fractile, the mean, and the conditional mean (with conditioning on precipitation occurrence). Time series of calibration statistics support the following conclusions. (i) The HPC QPF, which lacks an official interpretation, is calibrated as the 18%–19% exceedance fractile and as the conditional median, on average. (ii) It serves as a useful guidance to local forecasters. (iii) Pittsburgh forecasters adjust the guidance in the correct direction to produce PIT QPF, whose official interpretation is the ...
Metapopulation viability of swamp rabbits in southern Illinois: potential impacts of habitat change

Swamp rabbits ( Sylvilagus aquaticus ) in southern Illinois exist as a metapopulation due to fragmentation of the bottomland hardwood forests in which they live. This fragmentation makes their persistence in Illinois uncertain. We used population viability analysis (PVA) to estimate the probability of persistence of the swamp rabbit metapopulation in Illinois, using a habitat suitability map we created and life history parameters drawn from the literature. We varied the parameters used in our PVA from 50% to 150% of the initial value to compare their effects on extinction risk and to direct future management and research. We tested the effects of potential habitat loss and fragmentation by 1) removing patches individually and in groups from the analysis and by 2) adding 60, 120, and 180 m to the edge of all patches. We also tested the potential effect of dispersal corridors by increasing dispersal between connected patches. Under baseline conditions, the model suggests a 0% chance of quasi-extinction (90% metapopulation decline) of swamp rabbits within 25 (or even 50) years. Changes in fecundity values and the effects of catastrophic flooding had the greatest effect on extinction risk, and changes in no other parameter yielded any appreciable impact. Removing the largest patches from the population increased the 25-year risk of extinction to 4%, whereas any other modifications to the habitat did not change the extinction risk. We suggest that managers focus on sustaining habitat quality, particularly upland habitats adjacent to occupied bottomland hardwood forests to improve the likelihood of swamp rabbit persistence in Illinois.
Epileptic Catatonia: A Case Series and Systematic Review

Received August 26, 2015; revised November 18, 2015; accepted November 19, 2015. FromDepartment of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (ATR, DKQ). Send correspondence and reprint requests to Aizhan Tyndybekova Repchak, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131; e-mail: aizhana.tyndybekova@gmail.com & 2016TheAcademy of PsychosomaticMedicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction
Carbon-11-Thymidine and FDG to Measure Therapy Response

UNLABELLED This study was performed to determine if PET imaging with 11C-thymidine could measure tumor response to chemotherapy early after the initiation of treatment. Imaging of deoxyriboneucleic acid biosynthesis, quantitated with 11C-thymidine, was compared with measurements of tumor energetics, obtained by imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). METHODS We imaged four patients with small cell lung cancer and two with high-grade sarcoma both before and approximately 1 wk after the start of chemotherapy. Thymidine and FDG studies were done on the same day. Tumor uptake was quantified by standardized uptake values (SUVs) for both tracers by the metabolic rate of FDG and thymidine flux constant (K(TdR)) using regions of interest placed on the most active part of the tumor. RESULTS In the four patients with clinical response to treatment, both thymidine and FDG uptake markedly declined 1 wk after therapy. Thymidine measurements of SUV and K(TdR) declined by 64% +/- 15% and 84% +/- 33%, respectively. FDG SUV and the metabolic rate of FDG declined by 51% +/- 9% and 63% +/- 23%, respectively. In the patient with metastatic small cell lung cancer who had disease progression, the thymidine SUV decreased by only 8% (FDG not done). In a patient with abdominal sarcoma and progressive disease, thymidine SUV was essentially unchanged (declined by 3%), whereas FDG SUV increased by 69%. CONCLUSION Images show a decline in both cellular energetics and proliferative rate after successful chemotherapy. In the two patients with progressive disease, thymidine uptake was unchanged 1 wk after therapy. In our limited series, K(TdR) measurements showed a complete shutdown in tumor proliferation in patients in whom FDG showed a more limited decrease in glucose metabolism.
Integrated and Flipped: 5 Years’ Experience of Integrating Active Learning in an Integrated Course

The Commonwealth Medical College (TCMC) accepted its first class of students in 2009. Being a new medical school gave a group of pioneering faculty members a unique opportunity, to develop a curriculum unencumbered by tradition. The Clinical Presentation Curriculum model provided the framework for an integrated course which utilized podcasts and active learning techniques to facilitate student learning using a flipped classroom approach. In this monograph, we describe how we developed the TCMC model of an integrated system course for the second year medical students reflecting on our 5 years’ experience with this integrated and flipped classroom model.
Effect of Thermal Mass and Aging on CO-NOx Crossover and Light Off Behavior

The tightening of emissions regulations has required changes in many areas of vehicle systems, including calibration strategies, catalytic converter strategies and exhaust configurations. Engine calibration strategies can be engineered to complement the performance parameters of the converter. Knowledge of the precise window of converter performance for different substrates can therefore provide guidance in targeting engine calibration strategies as well as selecting compatible converter systems within calibration constraints. In a previous paper [5], we explored the effect of thermal mass on emissions performance in the context of the FTP. This paper expands on the previous work and explores the effect of the aging cycle and thermal mass differences on CO-NOx crossover and light-off profiles. This analysis provides a tool to assist in design by defining a window of performance in the converter to be used in matching to a window of operation in the calibration. The substrate configurations studied in the analysis are 400/4, 900/2 and 900/1. These represent a direct comparison of constant cell density on the one hand and constant bulk density on the other. The air/fuel sweeps and light-off ramps were performed at steps throughout the aging cycle, yielding information not only on the comparison between the products but also on how their relative performances change over the life of the converter. Emissions and temperature were examined to evaluate the performance.
The rediscovery of Zonites algirus in İstanbul, Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Zonitidae)

Abstract The land snail Zonites algirus was collected on Sedef Island off Istanbul in the Sea of Marmara in August 2002. The previous records of this species from the Istanbul area were in 1854 and 1863. The genitalia of a specimen are illustrated and data on the variation of shell shape in Z. algirus are given. At present it is not clear if the species is native to the Istanbul area.
Abstract 1402: Molecular basis for soy isoflavone genistein in the prevention of posttreatment recurrence of neuroblastoma

Clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that neuroblastoma contain populations of rapidly proliferating clonogens that survive chemoradiation or conventional radiotherapy leading to radioresistance. To that note, radioresistance could be associated with survival advantage resulting in clonal selection and tumor re-growth. Recently, we demonstrated that IR activates NFκB that enhances cell survival by switching on genes that attenuate apoptosis. Coherently, studies have demonstrated Genistein (GEN) inhibits NFκB and radiosensitizes cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the functional mechanistic regulation of NFκB mediated survival advantage and, delineated the efficacy of GEN in this setting. Human SH-SY5Y, IMR-32 and SK-N-MC cells exposed to 2Gy (IR) with or without GEN (100μM) were examined after 15min through 72h. EMSA analysis showed a robust and persistent activation of NFκB at least up to 72h in IR exposed cells. Consistently, IR induced a sustained transactivation (QPCR) and intercellular (ELISA) TNFα in these cells. Forced inhibition of NFκB (SN50, RelA siRNA) or TNFα (TNFR1-Ab) completely and persistently inhibited IR-induced NFκB and/or TNFα demonstrating the IR-induced initiation of NFκB→TNFα→NFκB feed back mechanism (PFC). Consistently, IR simulation experiments with NFκB (SNP, p50/p65 transfection) or TNFα (rH-TNFα) over expression, persistently activated NFκB and/or TNFα exhibiting the occurrence of PFC. Furthermore, IR profoundly induced both mRNA (QPCR) and cellular localization (immunoblotting) of IAP1, IAP2 and Survivin. NFκB knock-out experiments portrait a NFκB dependent activation of IAP1, IAP2 and Survivin in these cells. Conversely, GEN treatment completely and persistently inhibited IR-induced NFκB and, both TNFα transactivation and intercellular levels. Moreover, NFκB and/or TNFα over expression studies with GEN demonstrate the disruption of PFC. In addition, GEN markedly, inhibited IR-induced NFκB dependent IAP1, IAP2 and Survivin and greatly conferred IR-induced inhibition of cell survival. Taken together these results suggests that the surviving neuroblastoma cells may result in the development of survival advantage mediated by persistent activation of NFκB through NFκB→TNFα→NFκB PFC. More importantly, disrupting IR-initiated PFC with GEN may significantly inhibit NFκB dependent survival advantage and, may serve as a potential deliverable in mitigating neuroblastoma relapse and progression after radiotherapy. Funding Support: ACS- IRG-05-066-01; Presbyterian Health Foundation Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1402.
Theorizing Drones and Droning Theory

This chapter uses the figure of the drone to explore the logic of emerging forms of surveillance facilitated by distributed, interactive sensors. It argues that drone “logic” can be abstracted away from the device itself. This logic combines automated data collection with automated sensemaking and, eventually, automated response. The chapter considers examples of “droning” in a wide range of spheres of social practice from security to education. It argues that the forms of knowledge and decision-making associated with drone logic displace comprehension with correlation and anticipate the subtraction of both subjectivity and desire from interactions ranging from warfare to consumption. The chapter explores theoretical alternative to the path of “drone decision-making,” arguing for the ongoing significance of the relationship between desire, language, and subjectivity.
The effect of changes in dialysate volume on glucose and urea equilibration

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of changing dialysate volume on urea and glucoseequilibration curves and to determine, if dialysate volume is prescribed on the basis of body surface area, whether...
The study on the relationship between the relative factors affecting the Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines and the infant diarrhea

Objectives To explore the relative factors affecting the Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines,and identify the relationship between them and the infant diarrhea.Methods The Bifidobacterium from the cultured feces were counted in every neonates.The relationship between the Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines and its relative factors was analyzed.And their occurrence of diarrhea was followed up for one year.Results The Bifidobacterium in neonatal intestines was related to mode of delivery,maternal administration with antibiotic or not(before and after delivery),dietary habit of the mother,and the duration of neonatal jaundice.The longer duration of neonatal jaundice and maternal administration with antibiotic(before and after delivery) were identified as risk factors.The vaginal delivery and fermented products and vegetable dish to their mothers were identified as protective factors.Conclusions In order to reduce the infant diarrhea,administration with antibiotic to their mothers should be avoided(before and after delivery).Fermented products and vegetable dish,vaginal delivery are encouraged.The duration of neonatal jaundice should be shortened.
Learning disorders associated with asthma and allergies.

Asthma and allergic disorders are common childhood illnesses. Children with these conditions may experience problems in their adaptation to school and impediments to their learning. However, many o...
TH-CD-206-09: Learning-Based MRI-CT Prostate Registration Using Spare Patch-Deformation Dictionary

Purpose: To enable MRI-guided prostate radiotherapy, MRI-CT deformable registration is required to map the MRI-defined tumor and key organ contours onto the CT images. Due to the intrinsic differences in grey-level intensity characteristics between MRI and CT images, the integration of MRI into CT-based radiotherapy is very challenging. We are developing a learning-based registration approach to address this technical challenge. Methods: We propose to estimate the deformation between MRI and CT images in a patch-wise fashion by using the sparse representation technique. Specifically, we assume that two image patches should follow the same deformation if their patch-wise appearance patterns are similar. We first extract a set of key points in the new CT image. Then, for each key point, we adaptively construct a coupled dictionary from the training MRI-CT images, where each coupled element includes both appearance and deformation of the same image patch. After calculating the sparse coefficients in representing the patch appearance of each key point based on the constructed dictionary, we can predict the deformation for this point by applying the same sparse coefficients to the respective deformations in the dictionary. Results: This registration technique was validated with 10 prostate-cancer patients’ data and its performance was compared with the commonly used free-form-deformation-based registration. Several landmarks in both images were identified to evaluate the accuracy of our approach. Overall, the averaged target registration error of the intensity-based registration and the proposed method was 3.8±0.4 mm and 1.9±0.3 mm, respectively. Conclusion: We have developed a novel prostate MR-CT registration approach based on patch-deformation dictionary, demonstrated its clinical feasibility, and validated its accuracy. This technique will either reduce or compensate for the effect of patient-specific treatment variation measured during the course of radiotherapy, is therefore well-suited for a number of MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy, and potentially enhance prostate radiotherapy treatment outcome.
Role of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, with Emphasis on Neurological and Ophthalmological Complications

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), by virtue of its immunosuppressive and transactivating properties, is ideally suited as a cofactor in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CMV enhances human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in CD4 + lymphoblasts, monocytes, and astrocytes, and, conversely, HIV potentiates replication of some CMV strains in lymphoblasts and macrophages.
Catastrophizing, rumination, and reappraisal prospectively predict adolescent PTSD symptom onset following a terrorist attack

BACKGROUND: Disruptions in emotion regulation are a transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. However, scant research has examined whether emotion regulation strategies are related to the onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among youths exposed to trauma. We investigated whether pretrauma emotion regulation strategies prospectively predicted PTSD symptom onset after the 2013 Boston Marathon terrorist attack among adolescents and whether these associations were moderated by the degree of exposure to media coverage of the attack. METHODS: A sample of 78 Boston-area adolescents (mean age = 16.72 years, 65% female) who previously participated in studies assessing emotion regulation and psychopathology were recruited following the terrorist attack. Within 4 weeks of the attack, we assessed self-reported PTSD symptoms and attack-related media exposure via an online survey. We examined the association of pretrauma emotion regulation strategies with PTSD symptom onset after adjustment for pretrauma internalizing symptoms and violence exposure. RESULTS: Greater pretrauma engagement in rumination predicted onset of PTSD symptoms following the attack. Adolescents who engaged in catastrophizing also had greater PTSD symptoms postattack, but only when exposed to high levels of media coverage of the attacks; the same pattern was observed for adolescents who engaged in low levels of cognitive reappraisal. CONCLUSIONS: Engagement in specific emotion regulation strategies prior to a traumatic event predicts the onset of PTSD symptoms among youths exposed to trauma, extending transdiagnostic models of emotion regulation to encompass trauma-related psychopathology in children and adolescents.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Teaching is so WEIRD

Direct active teaching by parents is largely absent in children's lives until the rise of WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized rich, democratic) society. However, as mothers become schooled and missionized - like Kline's Fijian subjects - they adopt "modern" parenting practices, including teaching. There is great variability, even within WEIRD society, of parental teaching, suggesting that teaching itself must be culturally transmitted.
Lipids and atherosclerosis

Publisher Summary Atherosclerotic vascular disease is the cause of heart attacks, stroke, aortic aneurysms, and peripheral vascular disease, which together represent the most frequent causes of death in the industrialized world. Indeed, the aging of the population and the “westernization” of world diet are predicted to increase the impact of atherosclerosis worldwide despite continuing advances in plasma lipid-lowering therapy. Atherosclerosis progresses in a series of stages, although some lesions at each stage may not progress further or may even regress if inciting events such as hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, smoking, or hypertension are controlled. The initial stage involves the accumulation of subendothelial lipoproteins in focal areas of the arterial tree, usually at branch points with disturbed laminar flow. In response to this retention, a series of biological responses ensue, including lipoprotein oxidation, endothelial alterations, inflammatory responses including T cell recruitment, cytokine secretion, monocyte chemotaxis, subendothelial macrophage accumulation, and intracellular cholesterol accumulation in macrophages. Much of the cholesterol is stored as cholesteryl fatty acid esters (CE) in cytoplasmic lipid droplets surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipid. These cytoplasmic droplets give the macrophages a foamy appearance when viewed by microscopy, and thus these cells are referred to as “foam cells.” The presence of macrophage foam cells defines the earliest pathological lesion, referred to as the “fatty streak.”
Spectral analysis of ultrasonic backscatter from human carotid plaque

The predominant causes of stroke and transient ischemic attacks is growth of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery. To aid in diagnosis of these vulnerable plaques, there exists a clinical need for a point-of-care tool for determining plaque composition in carotid arteries. Ultrasound backscatter RF data was collected from 20 human subjects scheduled for a carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The excised plaque was histologically prepared and serially sectioned to permit matching to the pre-surgery ultrasound data. Based on matched histology slides, a square region of interest (ROI) was drawn on the grayscale in vivo image corresponding to homogeneous regions. ROIs for three tissue types were chosen: 32 fibrous or fibro-fatty, 74 hemorrhagic and/or necrotic core with or without micro-calcifications, and 32 calcified. In addition to the CEA subjects, 4 normal volunteers underwent a research ultrasound exam in order to collect data on healthy adventitial sites. The RF data for each ROI was extracted and an average power spectrum was obtained. Effects of attenuation, diffraction, and system transfer functions were compensated and a linear fit was applied to the useable bandwidth. The intercept values show no overlap for the 95% CI between all four tissue types, in contrast to the mid-band fit values which were only separable on a subset of tissue types. Thus spectral analysis of ultrasonic backscatter provides additional ability to distinguish between carotid plaque tissue types as compared to intensity based measures (e.g. mid-band fit, integrated backscatter, and grayscale value).
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN FLAVOR SCORE, FLAVOR CRITICISM, STANDARD PLATE COUNT, AND OXIDASE COUNT ON PASTEURIZED MILKS.

A numerical flavor score together with flavor criticism judgement, Standard Plate Count and oxidase count was made on each of 395 commercially pasteurized milk samples. A statistically significant ...
Comprehensive understanding of parity-time transitions in PT-symmetric photonic crystals with an antiunitary group theory

Electromagnetic materials possessing parity-time symmetry have received significant attention since it was discovered that the eigenmodes of these materials possess either real-frequency eigenvalues or the eigenfrequencies appear in complex-conjugate pairs. Interestingly, some eigenstates of these systems show thresholdless $\mathcal{PT}$ transitions to the complex-conjugate regime, some exhibit a transition as a function of the degree of non-Hermiticity, and some show no $\mathcal{PT}$ transition at all. While previous work has provided some insight on the nature of $\mathcal{PT}$ transitions, this work lays out a general and rigorous mathematical framework that is able to predict, based on symmetry alone, whether an eigenmode will exhibit a thresholdless $\mathcal{PT}$ transition or no $\mathcal{PT}$ transition at all. Developed within the context of ferromagnetic solids, Heesh-Shubnikov group theory is an extension of classical group theory that is applicable to antiunitary operators. This work illustrates the Heesh-Shubnikov approach by categorizing the modes of a two-dimensionally periodic photonic lattice that possesses $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry.
Clinical and translational investigation of pan-HDAC inhibition in advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC).

379Background: Pan-HDAC inhibitors were studied in two separate phase I pharmacokinetic solid tumor trials at Huntsman Cancer Institute. The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of HDAC inhibition in those study subjects with UC and correlate response to molecular subtype of tumor with translational studies to validate clinical benefit. Methods: Patients with UC treated with a pan-HDAC inhibitor in two Phase I trials were included. RECIST 1.1 was used to categorize responses. Expression profiling and TCGA clustering were performed using archived tissue (obtainable for seven of the ten subjects). To elucidate the mechanisms of clinical benefit bladder cancer cell lines with varied mutational profiles and differential sensitivity to cisplatin were tested for sensitivity to panobinostat with characterization of phenotypic changes upon treatment. Results: Ten subjects with advanced UC received either belinostat or panobinostat. The best overall responses in the pooled data were: 1 ...
Succession in Streams

Succession is one of the oldest, most persistent, least resolved concepts in ecology. Throughout its history, the concept has been largely botanical. Early phytosociologists such as Cowles (1901), Clements (1916), and Gleason (1926) viewed succession exclusively as temporal change in terrestrial plant communities. Drury and Nisbet (1973) recently emphasized that successional ideas have been derived from and tests should be restricted to temperate forests. Given the parochial nature of the field, any attempt to apply successional concepts to running waters is, to say the least perilous. On the other hand, cross-fertilization by two disparate scientific fields is often fruitful to both in generating, if not always answering, interesting questions.
What do farmers' weed control decisions imply about glyphosate resistance? Evidence from surveys of US corn fields.

Background The first case of glyphosate-resistant weeds in the United States was documented in 1998, two years after the commercialization of genetically-engineered herbicide-resistant (HR) corn and soybeans. Currently, over 15 glyphosate-resistant weed species affect U.S. crop production areas. These weeds have the potential to reduce yields, increase costs, and lower farm profitability. The objective of our study is to develop a behavioral model of farmers' weed management decisions and use it to analyze weed resistance to glyphosate in U.S. corn farms. Results On average, we find that weed control increased U.S. corn yields by 3700 kg ha−1 (worth approximately $255 ha−1) in 2005 and 3500 kg ha−1 (worth approximately $575 ha−1) in 2010. Glyphosate kills approximately 99% of weeds, on average, when applied at the label rate in HR production systems, if glyphosate resistant weeds are absent. Resistance has a fairly small impact on control when small numbers of glyphosate-resistant weeds are present but can reduce average control dramatically in states where resistance is more widespread. Conclusion We find that glyphosate resistance has had a significant impact on weed-control costs and corn yields of U.S farmers.
Hyperirritable stomach as a cause of obstructive symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy: clinical and radiographic findings.

Abstract Purpose To characterize clinical and radiographic features of a hyperirritable stomach after sleeve gastrectomy. Materials/methods Radiology reports revealed that 10/76 patients (13%) with obstructive symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy had a hyperirritable stomach. Results All 10 patients presented with nausea, vomiting, and/or regurgitation. All 10 had emesis on barium studies in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction, gastroparesis, or small bowel obstruction/ileus. Five had extraintestinal causes of nausea/vomiting. Eight had improvement/resolution of symptoms on medical treatment. Conclusion In 13% of patients with nausea/vomiting after sleeve gastrectomy, barium studies revealed a hyperirritable stomach, which likely is multifactorial and self-limited in most patients.
Interfacing to Touch the Future: Oscillating and Spiraling in Opportunity Recognition

Prior work suggests that opportunity recognition is the source of innovation that contributes to new venture creation. However, little research has examined the process of how opportunities are recognized, in other words, how innovators think outside the box for opportunity recognition. Ironically, many practitioners offer solutions to think outside the box with neither relevant theoretical foundations nor rigorous research support. Thus, I conducted a three-stage interdisciplinary study to explore this paradox. In Stage 1, I conducted a qualitative study, interviewing 36 innovators in technology industries to understand the process of how innovators recognize opportunities. In Stage 2, I convert findings from Stage 1 and main theories of opportunity recognition from different disciplines into a process-view format to compare their strengths, weaknesses, and shortcomings. In Stage 3, I synthesized and integrated the main theories into a single theory showing the emotional unconscious metaphor process trig...
Men or Women, Only Five Olympic Sports Matter: A Quantitative Analysis of NBC’s Prime-Time Coverage of the Rio Olympics

This study is a descriptive content analysis of National Broadcasting Company’s (NBC’s) prime-time broadcast coverage of the 2016 summer Olympic games. Olympic coverage is particularly important to...