cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of amino acids in nectar from pitchers of Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae).

Sarracenia purpurea L. (northern pitcher plant) is an insectivorous plant with extrafloral nectar that attracts insects to a water-filled pitfall trap. We identified and quantified the amino acids in extrafloral nectar produced by pitchers ofS. purpurea. Nectar samples were collected from 32 pitchers using a wick-sampling technique. Samples were analyzed for amino acids with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with phenylisothiocyanate derivatization. Detectable amounts of amino acids were found in each of the 32 nectar samples tested. Mean number of amino acids in a nectar sample was 9 (SD 5 2.2). No amino acid was detected in all 32 samples. Mean amount of amino acids in a nectar sample (i.e., amount per wick) was 351.4 ng (SD 5 113.2). Nine amino acids occurred in $ 20 of the 32 samples (aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, methionine, serine, valine) averaging 263.4 ng (SD 5 94.9), and accounting for ;75% of the total amino acid content. Nectar production may constitute a significant cost of carnivory since the nectar contains amino acids. However, some insects prefer nectar with amino acids and presence of amino acids may increase visitation and capture of insect prey.
Retinal pericytes and cytomegalovirus infectivity: implications for HCMV-induced retinopathy and congenital ocular disease.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading infectious cause of vision loss among congenitally infected children. Retinal pericytes play an essential role in maintaining retinal vascular and endothelial cell proliferation. However, the role of retinal pericytes in ocular HCMV pathogenesis is unknown. Retinal pericytes were exposed to clinical (SBCMV) and lab strains of HCMV; infectivity was analyzed by microscopy, immunofluorescence and qRT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). Cytokine expression was examined by Luminex assay. Recombinant HCMV-GPF was used to examine viral replication kinetics. A Tricell culture model of the inner blood-retinal barrier (IBRB) was examined for cell type infectivity using immunohistochemistry. Retinal pericytes expressed the biomarker neuron-glial antigen 2. Antigenic expression profiles for several cytoskeletal, cell adhesion and inflammatory proteins were shared by both retinal and brain pericytes. Infected pericytes showed cytomegalic cytopathology and expressed mRNAs for the major immediate protein (MIE) and HCMV phosphorylated envelop protein 65. qRT-PCR analysis showed full lytic replication of HCMV in retinal pericytes. Pericytes exposed to SBCMV for 9 days expressed higher levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor mRNA compared to controls. Luminex analysis of supernatants from SBCMV-infected retinal pericytes had increased levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, beta-2 microglobulin (B2-m), matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -9 (MMP3/9), and lower levels of IL-6 and IL-8 compared to controls. At 24 hours post infection, pericytes expressed higher levels of IL-8, TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1), and RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T cell-expressed and presumably secreted) but lower levels of MMP9. Time course analysis showed that both brain and retinal pericytes were more permissive for HCMV infection than other cellular components of the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and IBRB. Using a Tricell culture model of the IBRB (retinal endothelial, pericytes, Muller cells), retinal pericytes were most permissive for SBCMV infection. SBCMV infection of this IBRB Tricell mixture for 96 hours resulted in increased levels of IL-6, MMP9, and stem cell factor with a concomitant decrease in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and TNF-alpha. In retinal pericytes, HCMV induces proinflammatory and angiogenic cytokines. In the IBRB, pericytes likely serve as an amplification reservoir which contributes to retinal inflammation and angiogenesis.
Alcian blue as an en bloc stain for turtle lung goblet cells, with and without prior periodate oxidation.

Alcian blue 8GX was a reliable en bloc stain for demonstrating goblet cells in the epithelium which lines the airways in the lungs of the red-eared turtle Pseudemys scripta elegans. Prior oxidation with 0.5% periodate did not enhance staining. Subsequent PAS staining of histological sections failed to reveal additional goblet cells not stained by alcian blue.
Creating a Critical Thinking Learning Environment: Teaching Statistics to Social Science Undergraduates

1550 California Street, Suite 6318 San Francisco, CA 94109 Women in Cable and Telecommunications 230 West Monroe Street Chicago, IL 60606 Women in Communications 10605 Judicial Drive, Suite A4 Fairfax, VA 22030 Women in Film 6464 Sunset, Suite 900 Hollywood, CA 90028 Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press 3306 Ross Place, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 Women Make Movies 225 Lafayette Street, Room 207 New York, NY 10012 Women, Men and Media Mount Vernon College 2100 Foxhall Road N.W. Washington, D.C. 20007 Women's Media Project NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund 99 Hudson Street, 12th Floor New York, NY 10013 Women of Color Resource Center 2288 Fulton St., Suite 103 Berkeley, CA 94704 Women of Color Organizations and Projects: A National Directory Women's Wire 435 Grand Ave., Suite D San Francisco, CA 94080 About the Author
Magnesium chloride supported high mileage catalyst for olefin polymerization. VII. Determinations of concentrations of titanium–polymer and aluminum–polymer bonds

Two methods were used in an attempt to determine by radioquenching the active site concentration, [Ti*], in a MgCl2 supported high activity catalyst. For the reactions of tritium labelled methanol, the kinetic isotope effects were first determined: kH/kT = 1.63 for the total polymer and 1.67 for the isotactic polypropylene fraction. Polymerizations were quenched with an excess of isotopic CH3OH after various lengths of time, at different A/T (amount of AlEt3 with 0.33 equivalent of methyl-p-toluate to amount of Ti in the catalyst) ratios, and temperatures. From the known specific activity of tritium in CH3OH and radioassay of the polymer, value of the total metal polymer bond, [MPB], can be obtained. [MPB] increases linearly with polymerization time. Extrapolation to t = 0 gives [MPB]0, which should be close to [Ti*] because chain transfer with aluminum alkyls to produce Al–P bonds is negligible during very early stage of the polymerization. The values of [MPB]0 range from 7–30% of the total Ti; the number of MPB is nearly equally distributed in the amorphous and isotactic fractions of polypropylene in most runs. The rate of incorporation of radioactive CO into polymers produced by the MgCl2 supported high mileage catalyst is far slower than that claimed by some investigators for TiCl3 type catalysts. There is an initial rapid phase of incorporation of CO which lasts for about 1 hr of contact time. The subsequent rate of CO incorporation steadily declines, yet there is no constant maximum value of radioactivity even after 48 h of reaction in the absence of monomer. Radioquenching of polymerizations with CO was also performed at several temperatures and A/T ratios. In all cases, the maximum [Ti–P] was reached after 30–40 min of polymerization, whereas the maximum rates of polymerization, Rp,m, occurred within 3–10 min. In fact, the rate of polymerization decays to a small fraction of Rp,m after 30–40 min. Furthermore, this maximum value of [Ti–P] remains constant until the end of polymerization (t = 90 min). Therefore, isotopic CO is not reacting with the initially formed active sites Ti1*, but only with those sites, Ti2*, which predominate during the later stage of polymerization.
Predictive methods for location services in mobile ad hoc networks

In recent years, many location service protocols have been developed for ad hoc networks, including the grid location service (GLS), the simple location service (SLS) and the legend exchange and augmentation protocol (LEAP). In all of the existing location services, when an MN's location is needed, the previously saved information in the location table is used. In this paper, a new location service, the prediction location service (PLS), is proposed. In PLS, an MN uses the previous state of an MN to predict that MN's future state. Our evaluation shows that PLS has (in general) lower overhead and lower location error than GLS, SLS, and LEAP.
Risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients undergoing endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke.

Background and purpose We report the incidence and risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy after the use of iodinated contrast for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed in 194 consecutive patients who underwent endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke between January 2006 and January 2011. No patients were excluded from treatment for elevated creatinine (Cr). Each patient received approximately 150 ml intra-arterial non-ionic low-osmolar contrast agent (Optiray 320) during the endovascular procedure. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was defined according to the Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria as a relative increase of serum Cr 50% above the baseline or an absolute increase of 0.3 mg/dl at 48 h following the endovascular procedure. Results Of 194 patients (mean age 65±14 years), 52% were women (n=100) and 25% (n=48) were diabetic. Baseline Cr levels for 191 patients ranged between 0.4 and 2.7 mg/dl. Three patients on chronic hemodialysis had baseline Cr levels ranging between 5.3 and 6.1 mg/dl. Cr was ≤1.5 mg/dl in 163 patients (84%) and ≥ 1.5 mg/dl in 31 (16%). Three of the 191 patients (1.5%) developed CIN as noted from Cr measurements between baseline and within 48 h. One patient who developed an elevated Cr level had a known history of chronic renal insufficiency (Cr > 1.5 mg/dl) and two had baseline Cr levels within the normal range. An additional CT angiogram was obtained in 44 patients, none of which developed CIN. Female gender and diabetes were not associated with a higher risk of developing CIN. Conclusions The risk of developing CIN is low among patients with acute stroke who undergo emergency endovascular treatment. Treatment of acute stroke should be performed irrespective of Cr levels.
INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY ALONG THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA (edited by G. B. Raga).

The interannual variability of near-coastal eastern North Pacific tropical cyclones is described using a data set of cyclone tracks constructed from U.S. and Mexican oceanic and atmospheric reports for the period 1951-2006. Near-coastal cyclone counts are enumerated monthly, allowing us to distinguish interannual variability during different phases of the May-November tropical cyclone season. In these data more tropical cyclones affect the Pacific coast in May-July, the early months of the tropical cyclone season, during La Nina years, when equatorial Pacific sea surface temperatures are anomalously cool, than during El Nino years. The difference in early season cyclone counts between La Nina and El Nino years was particularlypronounced during the mid-twentieth century epoch when cool equatorial temperatures were enhanced as described by an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Composite maps from years with high and low near-coastal cyclone counts show that the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with cool sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific are consistent with preferential steering of tropical cyclones northeastward toward the west coast of Mexico.
A Unified Approach for SOC Testing Using Test Data Compression and TAM Optimization

We integrate for the first time test access mechanism (TAM) optimization and test data compression into a single test methodology. We show how an integrated test architecture based on TAMs and test data decoders can be designed. The proposed approach offers considerable savings in test data volume and testing time. Two case studies using the integrated test architecture are presented.
Role-Play Discussion: A Technique for Engaging Students in Discussion

The role-play discussion technique is introduced, where students are given the role of parents dealing with bullying incidents in the school. This technique promotes active engagement in discussion for all members of a class by requiring each student to share information that was ostensibly provided by their child regarding the incidents. ‘Parents’ are given partial and sometimes false information and must come to conclusions about the events through discussion. A discussion leader (playing the principal) guides discussion of the events and possible solutions. Student evaluations of the exercise were quite favourable. Possible variations in the topics and format of the discussion are proposed.
Crystallization and characterization of the thallium form of the Oxytricha nova G-quadruplex.

The crystal structure of the Tl+ form of the G-quadruplex formed from the Oxytricha nova telomere sequence, d(G4T4G4), has been solved to 1.55 Å. This G-quadruplex contains five Tl+ ions, three of which are interspersed between adjacent G-quartet planes and one in each of the two thymine loops. The structure displays a high degree of similarity to the K+ crystal structure [Haider et al. (2002), J. Mol. Biol., 320, 189–200], including the number and location of the monovalent cation binding sites. The highly isomorphic nature of the two structures, which contain such a large number of monovalent binding sites (relative to nucleic acid content), verifies the ability of Tl+ to mimic K+ in nucleic acids. Information from this report confirms and extends the assignment of 205Tl resonances from a previous report [Gill et al. (2005), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 16 723–16 732] where 205Tl NMR was used to study monovalent cation binding to this G-quadruplex. The assignment of these resonances provides evidence for the occurrence of conformational dynamics in the thymine loop region that is in slow exchange on the 205Tl timescale.
Roadside Safety Analysis Program as a tool for economic evaluation of roadside safety projects

Highway agencies are continually called upon to make decisions about roadside safety projects by considering their relative benefits and costs. ROADSIDE software is a tool developed in the late 1980s for costeffectiveness analysis of safety features and has been used by different highway agencies. As a part of the continuing effort to improve such costeffectiveness procedures, the Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) has recently been developed at the Texas Transportation Institute. RSAP uses a simulation technique to replicate single-vehicle accidents on a highway facility and can test the effectiveness of the various countermeasures that are used to reduce the severities of these accidents. The application of RSAP to actual case study sites and the outcome of a study recently conducted at Wayne State University are described. Various median treatments on freeways were tested, and their respective benefit-cost ratios, as estimated by RSAP output, were examined. A set of sensitivity analyses of the RSA...
Addressing the Dynamic Range Problem in Cognitive Radios

The discrepancy between perceived spectrum shortage from the FCC allocation map and the actual abundance of available spectrum is a motivation for Cognitive Radios, which locate and transmit in the unused or lightly used bands. If a digital approach is taken to provide the necessary radio flexibility to exploit this sparsity, there is a challenging dynamic range requirement in the analog to digital conversion, since there are large interfering signals which are effectively in-band and can not be removed by fixed RF pre-filtering. Using a mixed analog digital system architecture which uses multiple low accuracy ADCs with digital adaptive filters, it is possible to increase the effective dynamic range of the input by subtracting off the unwanted signals in the time domain.
Transcriptional Amplification in Tumor Cells with Elevated c-Myc

Summary Elevated expression of the c-Myc transcription factor occurs frequently in human cancers and is associated with tumor aggression and poor clinical outcome. The effect of high levels of c-Myc on global gene regulation is poorly understood but is widely thought to involve newly activated or repressed "Myc target genes." We report here that in tumor cells expressing high levels of c-Myc the transcription factor accumulates in the promoter regions of active genes and causes transcriptional amplification, producing increased levels of transcripts within the cell's gene expression program. Thus, rather than binding and regulating a new set of genes, c-Myc amplifies the output of the existing gene expression program. These results provide an explanation for the diverse effects of oncogenic c-Myc on gene expression in different tumor cells and suggest that transcriptional amplification reduces rate-limiting constraints for tumor cell growth and proliferation.
Don't take my folders away!: organizing personal information to get ghings done

A study explores the way people organize information in support of projects ("teach a course", "plan a wedding", etc.). The folder structures to organize project information - especially electronic documents and other files - frequently resembled a "divide and conquer" problem decomposition with subfolders corresponding to major components (subprojects) of the project. Folders were clearly more than simply a means to one end: Organizing for later retrieval. Folders were information in their own right - representing, for example, a person's evolving understanding of a project and its components. Unfortunately, folders are often "overloaded" with information. For example, folders sometimes included leading characters to force an ordering ("aa", "zz"). And folder hierarchies frequently reflected a tension between organizing information for current use vs. repeated re-use.
Is Incompatibilism Intuitive

Incompatibilists believe free will is impossible if determinism is true, and they often claim that this view is supported by ordinary intuitions. We challenge the claim that incompatibilism is intuitive to most laypersons and discuss the significance of this challenge to the free will debate. After explaining why incompatibilists should want their view to accord with pretheoretical intuitions, we suggest that determining whether incompatibilism is in fact intuitive calls for empirical testing. We then present the results of our studies, which put significant pressure on the claim that incompatibilism is intuitive. Finally, we consider and respond to several potential objections to our approach. Incompatibilists believe that the freedom associated with moral responsibility is impossible if determinism is true, and they often claim that this is the natural view to take given that it is purportedly supported by ordinary intuitions. In this paper, we challenge the claim that incompatibilism is intuitive to most laypersons, and we discuss the significance of this challenge to the free will debate. In doing so, we first argue that it is particularly important for incompatibilists that their view of free will is intuitive given that it is more metaphysically demanding than compatibilist alternatives (§1). We then suggest that determining whether incompatibilism is in fact intuitive calls for empirical testing of pretheoretical judgments about relevant cases (§2). We therefore carried out some empirical studies of our own, and the results put significant pressure on the claim that incompatibilism is intuitive to the majority of laypersons (§3). Having examined the relevant data, we consider several potential objections to our approach and show why they fail to get incompatibilists off the hook (§4). We conclude that while our preliminary data suggest that incompatibilism is not as intuitive as incompatibilists have
A NOTE ON THE STABILITY OF BAROCLINIC WAVES

Abstract The stability characteristics of waves in a thermotropic atmosphere are computed for several velocity profiles. It is shown that the critical wavelength for any wind shear varies considerably with the shape of the velocity profile.
Powder Resistivity Inferred Differential Collection of Heterogeneous Coal Fly Ash and Powered Activated Carbon Admixtures Within a Cylindrical Electrostatic Precipitator

One of the primary goals of U.S. EPA’s Mercury Air Toxics Standards (MATS) is to remove approximately 90 % of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants (CFPPs). Sorbent injection upstream of electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) has been the leading method for capturing mercury at CFPPs. However, electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) that are marginally sized and/or operated may face new performance challenges due to sorbent injection. Injected mercury sorbent particles having different properties (i.e., particle size, surface chemistry, or electrical properties), mixing with native fly ash, can potentially affect the collection behaviors of ESPs. The present study uses powder resistivity to study the differential collection behaviors within a cylindrical ESP by manually feeding admixtures containing Norit DarcoⓇ FGD powdered activated carbon (PAC) and fly ash samples from either Powder River Basin (PRB) or Illinois bituminous coals. Powder resistivity measurements, performed on fly ash admixtures at various PAC ratios (i.e. 0−10 wt. %) prior to ESP processing, serve as the initial resistivity data to infer the impact of PAC injection on ESP collection by comparing to powder resistivity of samples collected from the collection electrode. This study presents not only the evidence of differential collection behaviors within an ESP but also the implications for mercury emissions and the particulate matter (PM) control through ESPs.
Argyrophilic Grain Disease Presenting as Excited Catatonia: A Case Report

Received November 3, 2015; revised February 1, 2016; accepted February 1, 2016. From Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (SK, TS,MAC, JO, CAW, JH, XFJ); Department of Pathology, Neurology, Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (RP); Department of Ethics, Humanities, and Spiritual Care, Cleveland Introduction
Network navigation algorithms with power control

Network navigation is an emerging paradigm that enables high-accuracy location awareness in GPS-challenged environments via spatiotemporal cooperation. Two important operations of network navigation, location inference and power control, interrelate with each other, thus motivating the joint design of inference and control algorithms. In this paper, we develop efficient algorithms for network navigation with power control. In particular, we first determine the confidence region for location inference based on Fisher information analysis, and then design robust power control that minimizes the location inference errors of the agents within the confidence region. Both centralized and distributed algorithms are developed for energy-efficient network navigation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms significantly reduce the location inference errors compared to those without power control.
A Finger-Motion Adaptive Algorithm for Braille Reading: Application of Active Disturbance Rejection Control

Currently existing refreshable Braille displays suffer from high costs, which prevent their affordability. A rotating wheel with refreshable Braille and utilizing finger-motion adaptation can help create realistic Braille reading experience, while significantly reducing the high costs by offsetting the number of actuators needed to display Braille. In this paper, we design a real-time controller to adjust the speed of the rotating wheel system based on the finger motions of the user. Due to unknown dynamics of the rotating wheel system, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) has been implemented to estimate the total disturbance acting on the system. This estimate is then used to eliminate the internal disturbance of the system so that disturbances associated with finger touch on the wheel can be predicted. Real-time experimental results show that even without the knowledge of the system model, it is possible to adapt the speed of the rotating wheel based on these finger touch predictions.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Full-wavefield inversion for acoustic wave velocity and attenuation

Recovering viscoacoustic parameters from seismic data has the potential to improve our knowledge of subsurface physical properties such as fluid saturation and can lead to better reservoir characterization. Simultaneously reconstructing attenuation and wave velocity parameters has already been pursued in frequency-domain full-wavefield inversion methods where complex-valued velocities can direclty account for attenuation effects in the wave equation. In this work, we discuss a timedomain full-wavefield inversion method for simultaneously recovering seismic wave velocities and Q-factors by minimizing a regularized L1 norm of the misfit between measured and simulated wavefields.
Initial care of hand injuries.

How best to manage an acute hand injury depends on how much time has elapsed, what caused the injury, the appearance of the wound, how much tissue is crushed, the likelihood of contamination (at the time of injury or afterward), and what part of the hand is involved. Of these factors, elapsed time is one of the least important.
Coherent magneto-optical effects in topological insulators: Excitation near the absorption edge

We study coherent optics in topological insulator surface states with broken time-reversal symmetry and develop a theory for the dynamical Hall effect driven by an intense electromagnetic field. The influence of the optical Stark effect enters as a nonlinear dependence on the optical field in the resulting Faraday ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{F}$ and Kerr ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{K}$ rotations. This nonlinear correction is found to decrease ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{F}$ with the strength of the a.c. electric field, whereas ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{K}$ exhibits a nonmonotonic behavior. We also discuss the effects of relaxation and dephasing on the Hall and magneto-optical responses when the frequency detuning is comparable to the inverse lifetime of the conduction electrons.
Solid-State and Solution Structures of Glycinimine-Derived Lithium Enolates

A combination of crystallographic, spectroscopic, and computational studies was applied to study the structures of lithium enolates derived from glycinimines of benzophenone and (+)-camphor. The solvents examined included toluene and toluene containing various concentrations of tetrahydrofuran, N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), (R,R)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine [(R,R)-TMCDA], and (S,S)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylcyclohexanediamine [(S,S)-TMCDA]. Crystal structures show chelated monomers, symmetric disolvated dimers, S4-symmetric tetramers, and both S6- and D3d-symmetric hexamers. 6Li NMR spectroscopic studies in conjunction with the method of continuous variations show how these species distribute in solution. Density functional theory computations offer insights into experimentally elusive details.
K+ channels and gap junctions in the modulation of corporal smooth muscle tone.

Changes in the contractile status (i.e., contraction and relaxation) of corporal and arterial smooth muscle cells (myocytes) govern the flow of blood to and from the penis and, thus, ultimately have a major impact on erectile capacity. As with many other smooth muscle cell types, corporal myocyte contractility is inextricably linked to ion channel activity. Corporal smooth muscle cells possess a rich repertoire of ion channels, including calcium, chloride and potassium channels, as well as gap junction (intercellular) channels. Among these, the K(ATP) (i.e., the metabolically regulated K(+) channel) and the K(Ca) (i.e., maxi-K or large conductance, calcium-sensitive K(+) channel) nonjunctional channel subtypes, as well as connexin43-derived gap junction (intercellular) channels, are thought to be particularly relevant to the control of corporal myocyte contractility. In fact, whereas K(+) channels are an important convergence point for modulating cellular function, gap junctions are a major conduit for ensuring coordinated cellular, and thus tissue, function. The evidence documenting the presence and physiological relevance of K(+) channels and gap junctions to human erectile physiology and function is reviewed. Finally, one potentially revolutionary therapeutic strategy that takes advantage of the important contribution of K(+) channels and gap junctions to erectile physiology is described: maxi-K ion channel (gene) therapy.
Behavioural micro-dynamics of car ownership and travel in the Seattle metropolitan region from 1989 to 2002

In this paper data from 230 households observed in ten different occasions (waves) from 1989 to 2002 in the Puget Sound region are used to explore relationships among number of cars owned, number of trips driving alone, and number of trips sharing cars with household members. Using a mixture latent class Markov model we identify four distinct groups that are a High Mobility group with more cars and car trips, an Average Mobility group with lower car ownership and trips driving alone, a third group with relatively high car ownership but few car sharing trips, and a fourth group of Low Mobility characterized by the low car ownership and trips. Households change behaviour adapting to internal and external changes to their environment but they also anticipate changes and go through a "preparation" stage (e.g., adding another car in their fleet in expectation of adding another employed person). Land use plays a somewhat secondary role. The analysis also reveals three classes (hidden Markov chains) of households underlying behavioural dynamics with increases in the low car ownership categories (zero and one car per household), decreases in the high car ownership (three cars and four or more cars per household) and stable behaviour in the two cars per household group. Household membership in these classes is significantly influenced by householder ratings to parking availability, schedule flexibility, bus transfers, and day-to-day costs of driving. The findings here show attitudes and land use enhance understanding of longitudinal heterogeneity.
Development of Direct Drive, High-Gain Capsules for Inertial Fusion: A Materials Challenge

The application of Inertial Confinement Fusion to power production requires the development of a high-yield fusion capsule. Theoretical design calculations suggest that a single shell capsule with a uniformly distributed deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel layer on the inside surface could give the desired high-gain performance when directly driven with 0.35 µm laser light. This design requires operation at cryogenic temperatures necessary to condense DT (20–30 K) and a means of levitating the fuel layer inside the capsule. On e recently suggested method for making this capsule is to use a rigid foam matrix to support the condensed DT in a spherical shell configuration. For such a capsule to be successfully fielded, a number of critical materials problems must be solved.
N-reinforcements and extinction responding

This experiment investigated the relationship between number of reinforcements and extinction responding. Four groups of albino rats, with three Ss in each group, were repeatedly conditioned and extinguished, on alternate days, on a lever pressing response. The experimental design utilized a 4 x 4 Latin square which incorporated number of reinforcements ( 10, 20, 40, and 80) and successive acquisition and extinction experiences. The findings indicated that repeated conditioning and extinction resulted in decreased extinction responding. No significant relationship was found between number of reinforcements and extinction responding, and evidence was presented which indicates the classic positive relation between number of reinforcements and extinction responding exists only for essentially experimentally “naive” Ss. The relationship of the results to discrimination theory was briefly discussed.
‘Different isn’t free’: Gender @ work in a digital world:

US society is thoroughly computerized and the majority of its population engages in activities involving computers. Why, then, does computer science and engineering (CSE) remain highly male-dominat...
Perspectives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients on Electronic Communication and Patient-Reported Outcome Data Collection: A Qualitative Study.

Objective To identify the perspectives of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on electronic recording of between-visit disease activity and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and on sharing this information with health care providers or peers. Methods Patients with RA were recruited to participate in focus groups from December 2014 to April 2015. The topic guide and analysis were based on the Andersen-Newman framework. Sessions were audiorecorded, transcribed, independently coded, and analyzed for themes. Results Thirty-one patients participated in 7 focus groups. Their mean ± SD age was 51 ± 13.1 years, 94% were women, 52% were African American, 11% were Hispanic, and 37% were white. Three themes emerged: provider communication, information-seeking about RA, and social and peer support. Participants expressed a willingness to track disease activity data to share with health care providers electronically if providers would act on the information. Participants envisioned symptom tracking and information sharing as a mechanism to relay and obtain reliable information about RA. Participants were also interested in electronic communication between visits if it facilitated learning about symptom management and enhanced opportunities for social support among patients with RA. Conclusion Patients with RA may be amenable to electronic collection and sharing of PRO-type data between clinical encounters if it facilitates communication with health care providers and provides access to reliable information about RA. Providing patients with social support was important for enhancing PROs collection by helping them overcome barriers by using electronic devices and overcome reservations about the value of these data.
Rheb requires a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl to bind to mTOR: implications for FTI antitumor activity

5639 Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) are potent inhibitors of tumor cell growth and survival and are presently undergoing human clinical trials. Yet the mechanism of action of FTIs is ill understood mainly because the critical FTase substrates for FTIs are not known. Here we demonstrate that a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl group is required for Rheb to bind mTOR. Furthermore, an exclusively geranylgeranylated form of Rheb, Rheb-GG, that we made co-localized with mTOR and was as effective as Rheb-F at activating the downstream effector of mTOR, S6 kinase. Importantly, Rheb-GG rescued human cancer cells from FTI inhibition of S6 kinase, inhibition of anchorage-dependent and -independent tumor cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Taken together these results suggest that inhibition of Rheb farnesylation by FTIs is required for their ability to inhibit tumor growth and survival.
Beyond WEBCAM: A Site-Web-Site for Building Construction.

The use of project website and web cam technology in the construction industry is limited to providing basic information about the project and 24/7 pictures of the site. This paper discusses the promises of a site-based website that serves as the central hub for real-time communication, monitoring, and control in building construction. Such a website offers opportunities that go further beyond what is in use today. The paper lists a series of possible applications that have been tested at several construction sites in Raleigh, North Carolina. In addition to helping contractors plan and control the resource flow in real time the site-web-site is also used as a tool for creating daily reports, rapid problem solving, remote inspection, productivity measurement, on site security, communicate with on-site equipment (e.g., in emergencies), and to create visual as-builts.
Making the List—Your Match List

One of the greatest strengths of the matching process is its deference to the preferences of the student. The matching algorithm gives each student a match to the program on his or her list with highest possible ranking. Therefore, your list of programs, and the order in which you list them, is extremely important. While most of the hard part of the residency search process is behind you by the time you are ready to make your list, it is too early to become complacent. (You can do that the day after the match results are announced.)
Multiseg pipeline: automatic tissue segmentation of brain MR images with subject-specific atlases

Automated segmentation and labeling of individual brain anatomical regions is challenging due to individual structural variability. Although, atlas-based segmentation has shown its potential for both tissue and structure segmentation, the inherent natural variability as well as disease-related changes in MR appearance is often inappropriately represented by a single atlas image. In order to have a more accurate representation, several atlases may be used for the segmentation task in a given neuroimaging study. In this paper, we present the MultisegPipeline, it uses multiple atlases that have been visually inspected and capture the expected variability in a neonatal population. The MultisegPipeline transfers the labeled regions from each atlas to the target image using deformable registration (ANTs1 or QuickSilver2 is available for this task). Additionally, the set of labels are merged using a label fusion technique that reduces the errors produced by the registration. The final output is a single label map that combines the results produced by all atlases into a consensus solution. In our study, the MultisegPipeline is used to segment brain MR images from 31 infants, a leave-one-out strategy was used to test our framework. The average dice score coefficient was 0.89.
The Effects of Miscanthus Grass as a Bedding Source and the Dietary Inclusion of Unheated, Low-Trypsin Inhibitor Soybeans on the Performance of Commercial Tom Turkeys Reared to Market Age

SUMMARY A study was conducted to evaluate bedding source and the inclusion of rolled, unheated soybeans on the growth performance of male turkeys when reared to market age. Pine shavings are the most common poultry bedding material, however recently, increased marketplace competition has significantly reduced its availability and necessitated the need for economical alternatives. Additionally, the development of new varieties of soybeans with low levels of antinutritional factors have created an opportunity for dietary inclusion with minimal processing. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Miscanthus grass as an alternative to pine shavings litter and to evaluate 2 novel, low trypsin inhibitor soybean varieties as a potential ingredient for turkeys. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design with main effects of litter type (Miscanthus grass or pine shavings) and dietary treatment. Diets were defined based on the soy protein source: LO (novel, unheated low oligosaccharide and trypsin inhibitor soybean), LT (novel, unheated low trypsin inhibitor soybean), SBM (commercial solvent extracted soybean meal), or CB (unheated conventional soybeans). Bedding type did not affect BW gain or feed intake at market, however, a tendency for improved FCR was observed when turkeys were raised on Miscanthus grass (P = 0.073). Turkey toms fed diets containing low trypsin inhibitor soybeans had improved BW gain and feed intake with a lower overall FCR compared to turkeys fed diets containing conventional raw whole soybeans. Therefore, there was improved digestibility of the novel soybean lines. Nutrient utilization of the novel low trypsin inhibitor soybeans, however, remained inferior to diets containing solvent extracted soybean meal, which yielded the heaviest BW and lowest FCR with similar feed intake to the low trypsin inhibitor soybean diets.
Unsteady Aeroelastic Computations for Flexible Configurations at Transonic and Supersonic Speeds

An aeroelastic package consisting of 1) an aerodynamic solver, 2) a structural response model, and 3) a grid generation/update program has been developed to study both static and dynamic response of flexible aerospace configurations. The aerodynamics at present is a full potential solver but can be an Euler/Navier-Stokes solver also. The structural response is based on a generalized modal representation. The grid generation package not only sets up the initial grid, but also updates the grid position in time to follow the instantaneous position of a flexible configuration using a “grid speed” procedure.
GIANT MYOCARDIAL LIPOMA OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM

Cardiac lipomas (CL) are uncommon. Symptoms occur based on size and location. A 55 year old man presented after incidental discovery of a cardiac mass. Echocardiography (Panel A) showed a large inferoseptal mass partly obstructing the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) without dynamic outflow
Identifying ecotone location using the co‐occurrence property

QUESTIONS: Spatial characteristics of ecotones can affect ecotone function and define their role in ecological systems. Identifying ecotone location is necessary to quantify the relationship between spatial characteristics and function, yet there is no standard approach, particularly for compositionally complex ecotones where binary classification for the two adjacent systems is difficult to assign. We tested a new approach for identifying ecotone location based on the co‐occurrence property, which recognizes ecotones as areas where species from adjacent systems co‐occur. We assessed whether the approach can objectively identify the location of the Tension Zone in Wisconsin. LOCATION: Wisconsin, USA. METHODS: Ecotone Co‐occurrence Mapping (ECoMap) is a multi‐step approach: (a) indicator species analysis identifies representative species of two adjacent systems; (b) a ratio map constructed from the spatial densities of the indicator species identifies high co‐occurrence areas; and (c) contour lines encapsulate highest co‐occurrence areas. We applied this approach to identify the Tension Zone location using point locations of witness trees from the mid‐1800s Public Land Survey. We assessed the approach by examining results of multiple permutations, testing sensitivity to different initial boundary configurations, and comparing it to a subjectively derived map, the Curtis Tension Zone. RESULTS: The location of the Tension Zone was identified consistently in multiple permutations, though there is minor variability in certainty of final ecotone location. Ecotone width varied substantially along the Tension Zone. The location was similar to the Curtis Tension Zone but slightly farther north and more spatially detailed. Sensitivity to initial boundary configuration was low. CONCLUSIONS: The ECoMap approach was robust and identified a spatially detailed Tension Zone location. This approach is broadly applicable and can be used to identify the location of simple or compositionally complex ecotones where spatial data of species occurrences and modest prior knowledge of general boundary location are available.
PTSD improvement and substance use disorder treatment utilization in veterans: Evidence from medical record data.

Abstract Background Clinical trials reveal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) improvement leads to decreased substance use among patients with comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Using administrative medical record data, we determined whether clinically meaningful PTSD Checklist (PCL) (≥20 points) score decreases were positively associated with SUD treatment utilization. Methods We used a retrospective cohort of Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) medical record data (2008–2015). PTSD Checklist (PCL) scores were used to categorize patients into those with a clinically meaningful PTSD improvement (≥20 point decrease) or not ( Results The 699 eligible patients were, on average, 40.4 (±13.2) years old, 66.2% white and 33.1% were married. After controlling for confounding, there was a 56% increased odds of any SUD treatment utilization among those with a PCL decrease ≥20 vs Conclusions Clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD symptoms were associated with any SUD treatment utilization but not amount of utilization. Improvement in PTSD symptoms, independent of the treatment modality, may enable SUD treatment seeking.
Comparative Analysis of Markovian Methodologies for Modeling Infrastructure System Performance

AbstractVarious types of Markov chain methodologies have been used in past research to develop stochastic performance models for infrastructure systems—the staged-homogeneous, nonhomogeneous, homog...
William James and the Sustainable Transformation of Values, with a Case Study for Rethinking the American Dream

This article addresses the call of the Psychology of Global Crises conference for linkage of academic work with social issues in three parts: First, examples from conference participants with their mix of bold calls for social transformation and realization of limits, a combination that generated few clear paths to achieving them. Second, presentation of Jamesian practical idealism with psychological insights for moving past impediments blocking implementation of ideals. And third, a case study of impacts from the most recent prominent crisis, the global pandemic of 2020, which threatens to exacerbate the many crises that had already been plaguing recent history. The tentacles of COVID’s impact into so many problems, starting with economic impacts from virus spread, present an opportunity to rethink the hope for constant economic growth, often expressed as the American Dream, an outlook that has driven so many of the problems surging toward crises. Jamesian awareness of the construction of ideological differences and encouragement of listening to those in disagreement provide not political solutions, but psychological preludes toward improvements in the face of crises.
Low interest rates and risk incentives for banks with market power

Abstract The interaction between interest rates and banks’ market power generates a motive for bank risk-taking. Low interest rates depress bank profits from the deposit market as competition from cash intensifies. Limited liability and the consequent low bank market value move banks closer to the convex region of their payoff function and thus lead to more risk-taking. We estimate a model that embodies this intuition. We find that when interest rates are low, over 10% of new loans exceed the number that would be optimal in a counterfactual world with no risk-taking incentives.
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty has undergone numerous refinements since its introduction. In addition to being an effective treatment for severe cuff tear arthropathy, indications have expanded to include failed prior cuff surgery, pseudoparalysis, anterior-superior escape, tuberosity nonunion or malunion, and acute shoulder fractures. A number of studies have shown that reverse total shoulder arthroplasty can restore function including overhead elevation, improve pain, and increase external rotation. Common complications include scapular notching, dislocation, and infection. In the hands of skilled shoulder surgeons, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty can be a successful treatment for cuff tear arthropathy and other severe pathological conditions of the shoulder.
Interrelationships between physical fitness scores.

(1967). Interrelationships between Physical Fitness Scores. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 725-726.