cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Remodeling of mouse kidney phospholipid classes and subclasses by diet

Abstract Diets containing gammalinolenic acid (18:3n-6) and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can improve renal function and favorably modulate glomerular injury as a result of various inflammatory reactions. In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA influence renal metabolism, the composition of kidney phospholipid classes and subclasses from mice fed either corn oil (CO) containing 18:2n-6, borage oil (BO) containing 18:3n-6 and 18:3n-6, black currant seed oil (BL) containing 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6 and 18:3n-3, fish-corn oil mix (F/C) containing 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, and a fish-borage oil mix (F/B) containing 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were determined. Three weeks of feeding the different lipids produced no significant change in the relative percentage of any phospholipid classes or subclasses of the choline (ChoGpl) and ethanolamine (EtnGpl) glycerophospholipids. In general, FO and F/B diets increased 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in all phospholipids except sphingomyelin (CerPCho). BL feeding produced a smaller relative increase in 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Dietary supplementation with 18:3n-6 (BO, BL and F/B diets) resulted in the accumulation of 20:3n-6 in diacyl-glycerophosphocholine (PtdCho), diacyl-glycerophosphoethanolamine (PtdEtn), phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), and phosphatidylserine (PtdSer). The combination of 18:3n-6 and n-3 PUFA (F/B diet) elevated the diacyl phospholipid 20:3n-6/20:4n-6 ratio relative to CO, BO, BL, and F/C diets. These findings demonstrate that marked differences exist in the ability of kidney phospholipid classes and subclasses to incorporate dietary PUFA.
Plastic deformation and perforation of thin plates resulting from projectile impact

Abstract The dynamic response of thin plates subjected to projectile impact was studied experimentally by measuring projectile velocity, permanent deformation, dynamic strain and displacements and by examining the growth of plastic deformation and motion of the projectile with a high speed framing camera. Most of the experimental work was performed with ½ in. diameter steel projectiles, spherical or cylindro-conical in shape, centrally striking a 2024-0 aluminum plate, 0.050 in. thick and clamped on a 14 ½ in. diameter, at normal velocities ranging from 75 to 933 ft/sec. Projectile speeds were chosen so as to produce significant plastic deformation at the lower velocities and complete perforation at the higher velocities. The circular boundary of the plastic zone was found to propagate away from the point of impact at about 8800 in./sec at all impact velocities. A simplified large deflection solution for the final central deflection of a rigid/plastic linearly work-hardening plate showed good agreement with the data and correlation between various perforation theories and experimental data was found to improve with increasing projectile velocity.
Rhizosphere microbial community and Zn uptake by willow (Salix purpurea L.) depend on soil sulfur concentrations in metalliferous peat soils

Abstract On numerous occasions, rhizosphere microbial activities have been identified as a key factor in metal phytoavailability to various plant species and in phytoremediation of metal-contaminated sites. For soil bioremediation efforts in heavy metal contaminated areas, microbes adapted to higher concentrations of heavy metals are required. This study was a field survey undertaken to examine rhizosphere microbial communities and biogeochemistry of soils associated with Zn accumulation by indigenous willows (Salix purpurea L.) in the naturally metalliferous peat soils located near Elba, NY. Soil and willow leaf samples were collected from seven points, at intervals 18 m apart along a willow hedgerow, on four different dates during the growing season. Soil bacterial community composition was characterized by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and a 16S clone library was created from the rhizosphere of willows and soils containing the highest concentrations of Zn. Bacterial community composition was correlated with soil sulfate, but not with soil pH. The clone library revealed comparable phylogenetic associations to those found in other heavy metal-contaminated soils, and was dominated by affiliations within the phyla Acidobacteria (32%), and Proteobacteria (37%), and the remaining clones were associated with a wide array of phyla including Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteriodetes, and Cyanobacteria. Diverse microbial populations were present in both rhizosphere and bulk soils of these naturally metalliferous peat soils with community composition highly correlated to the soil sulfate cycle throughout the growing season indicative of a sulfur-oxidizing rhizosphere microbial community. Results confirm the importance of soil characterization for informing bioremediation efforts in heavy metal contaminated areas and the reciprocity that microbial communities uniquely adapted to specific conditions and heavy metals may have on an ecosystem.
Diffusion from spheres in a continuous‐flow stirred tank

Solvent diffusion from spheres at constant mass-transfer Fourier number, FoM, in a single continuous-flow stirred tank (CFST) and in a series of CFSTs is simulated. A transfer efficiency is defined and transfer efficiency curves are constructed as a function of FoM and the residence time distribution of the spheres in the system. The fraction of solvent removed from the spheres in a series of CFSTs can be approximated using the transfer efficiency curves and knowledge of the operating conditions in each tank. The usefulness of the curves to predict solvent removal from polymer spheres under pilot-plant conditions is examined.
Mammary gland development requires syndecan-1 to create a beta-catenin/TCF-responsive mammary epithelial subpopulation.

Mammary gland development requires syndecan-1 to create a β -catenin/TCF-responsive mammary epithelial subpopulation
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 immunoreactivity increases in a subset of astrocytes following deafferentation of the chicken auditory brainstem.

Proliferation of astrocytes is a dramatic response of the central nervous system (CNS) to injury and disease. Such proliferation results in the formation of the neural/glial scar and the reconstitution of the glial limitans. However, not all astrocytes enter the proliferative cycle following injury, and for those that do, the period of cell division is limited. Little attention has focused on the events that regulate the duration and extent of astrocyte proliferation following damage, but clearly control mechanisms are in place as CNS injury does not result in the continuous astrocyte proliferation seen in glial tumorigenesis. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been implicated in both astrocyte proliferation and differentiation and plays an important role in the regulation of the cell cycle in a number of different systems. We have found a small subset of astrocytes in the chick auditory brainstem that are immunopositive for the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. SHP-1 appears to negatively regulate cellular division in the hematopoietic system and is involved in the mitogenic response to various growth factors. Following cochlea removal, there is a marked increase within the auditory brainstem nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM), in both in the number of SHP-1-positive astrocytes and the length of their immunopositive fibers. Significantly, those animals showing the greatest increases in SHP-1 immunoreactivity do not exhibit large amounts of astrocyte proliferation. We hypothesize that the expression of SHP-1 plays a role in negatively regulating the mitotic behavior of astrocytes following deafferentation. J. Comp.
Sodium channel isoform-specific effects of halothane: protein kinase C co-expression and slow inactivation gating.

The modulatory effect of protein kinase C (PKC) on the response of Xenopus oocyte-expressed Na channel α-subunits to halothane (2-bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluroethane) was studied. Na currents through rat skeletal muscle, rat brain and human cardiac muscle Na channels were assessed using cell-attached patch clamp recordings. PKC activity was increased by co-expression of a constitutively active PKC α-isozyme. Decay of macroscopic Na currents could be separated into fast and slow exponential phases. PKC co-expression alone slowed Na current decay in neuronal channels, through enhancement of the amplitude of the slower phase of decay. Halothane (1.0 mM) was without effect on any of the three isoforms expressed alone but, after co-expression of PKC, there was enhancement of Na current decay with reduction in charge movement through skeletal muscle and neuronal channels. Cardiac channels were relatively insensitive to halothane. Enhanced Na current decay resulted from suppression of the slow phase, without effect on the faster phase or on either decay τ. Suppression of Na current through skeletal muscle channels was concentration-dependent over the therapeutic range and was described by third order reaction kinetics, with an IC50 of 0.55 mM. We conclude that the halothane suppresses skeletal muscle and brain Na channel activity in this preparation through a reduction in the slow mode of inactivation gating, but only after PKC co-expression. Cardiac Na channels were relatively insensitive to halothane. The mechanism is likely to involve phosphorylation of the channel inactivation gate, although phosphorylation of other sites in the channel may account for the isoform specific differences. British Journal of Pharmacology (2000) 130, 1785–1792; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703487
Christ as Predecessor and Contemporary

OVER thirty years ago, H: Richard Niebuhr wrote, "Man lives in two worlds and when he tries to make his home in one alone something goes wrong with him. Our race, like that of the migratory birds, cannot live and perform all its functions in one climate but must undertake a periodic flight to another homeland." Indeed, says Niebuhr, " . . . the life of man, the migratory being, into whose structure the law of a seasonal movement is written, is thwarted and distraught by confinement to one world, whether it be the world of sight or the realm of the spirit."' I want to explore some of the foundations which make these migrations of the self possible. My focus will be upon alternations of consciousness which are involved in religious experience; and I take as my case the religious experience of persons formed in the Christian community. How am I, as a person who participates in the present Christian community, related to Jesus Christ, the founder and central figure of that movement? That is the question. Three fundamental points address the question: First, an understanding of Jesus Christ as predecessor. This view will be developed in the context of reflection on the general features of our experience of predecessors. Second, a description of the constitution of religious worlds of meaning. Through this description we come to understand how it is possible to have present experience of religious piedecessors. Third, a theory of symbols will further illuminate our present experience of religious predecessors and their worlds of meaning in a more specific sense. The analysis will come to rest in an image of Jesus Christ as contemporary predecessor.
Biomechanics: A Qualitative Approach for Studying Human Movement

(1986). Biomechanics: A Qualitative Approach for Studying Human Movement. Quest: Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 80-81.
Passive cooling during transport of asphyxiated term newborns

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of passive cooling during transport of asphyxiated newborns. Retrospective medical record review of newborns with perinatal asphyxia transported for hypothermia between July 2007 and June 2010. Of 43 newborns transported, 27 were passively cooled without significant adverse events. Twenty (74%) passively cooled newborns arrived with temperature between 32.5 and 34.5 °C. One newborn arrived with a temperature 34.5 °C. Time from birth to hypothermia was significantly shorter among passively cooled newborns compared with newborns not cooled (215 vs 327 min, P<0.01), even though time from birth to admission to Boston Children’s Hospital was similar (252 vs 259 min, P=0.77). Time from birth to admission was the only significant predictor of increased time to reach target temperature (P=0.001). Exclusive passive cooling achieves significantly earlier initiation of effective hypothermia for asphyxiated newborns but should not delay transport for active cooling.
Surface shape description of 3D data from under vehicle inspection robot

Our research efforts focus on the deployment of 3D sensing capabilities to a multi-modal under vehicle inspection robot. In this paper, we outline the various design challenges towards the automation of the 3D scene modeling task. We employ laser-based range imaging techniques to extract the geometry of a vehicle’s undercarriage and present our results after range integration. We perform shape analysis on the digitized triangle mesh models by segmenting them into smooth surface patches based on the curvedness of the surface. Using a region-growing procedure, we then obtain the patch adjacency. On each of these patches, we apply our definition of the curvature variation measure (CVM) as a descriptor of surface shape complexity. We base the information-theoretic CVM on shape curvature, and extract shape information as the entropic measure of curvature to represent a component as a graph network of patches. The CVM at the nodes of the graph describe the surface patch. We then demonstrate our algorithm with results on automotive components. With apriori manufacturer information about the CAD models in the undercarriage we approach the technical challenge of threat detection with our surface shape description algorithm on the laser scanned geometry.
Variable features on Mars: Preliminary mariner 9 television results

Systematic Mariner 9 photography of a range of Martian surface features, observed with all three photometric angles approximately invariant, reveals three general categories of albedo variations: (1) an essentially uniform contrast enhancement due to the dissipation of the dust storm; (2) the appearance of splotches, irregular dark markings at least partially related to topography; and (3) the development of both bright and dark linear streaks, generally emanating from craters. Some splotches and streaks vary on characteristic timescales of about two weeks; they have characteristic dimensions of kilometers to tens of kilometers. The morphology and variability of streaks and splotches, and the resolution of at least one splotch into an extensive dune system, implicate windblown dust as the principal agent of Martian albedo differences and variability.
Plastic behavior of some composite materials

Based on the simplest deformation theory of plasticity, an attempt is made to predict the overall plastic behavior of two-phase reinforced composites under polyaxial stresses. An ideal composite is...
Glass forming property of a TiZrSi system determined by temperature-composition map

Abstract The concept of T-C mapping, originally applied to binary systems, can also be applied to simple ternary alloy systems. The predicted GFCR for the TiZrSi system is in good agreement with that based on experiment. It is demonstrated that GFA of a ternary system can be predicted if the liquidus surface is determined either by experiment or by computer calculation. It has been shown that the GFCR is very sensitive to the morphology of the liquidus surface regardless of the alloy system. The only limitation of this approach is that the unpredictability of unknown ternary compounds by computer calculation leads to the construction of an erroneous liquid surface and, thereby, makes an inaccurate prediction for the glass forming ability of a system.
Toward an applied phenomenology: The case of abandoned pier use in Hoboken, New Jersey, USA

This research demonstrates the contribution of phenomenological inquiry within the realm of geographic and environmental planning. The contention is that a focus on the wide range of individual meanings and values ascribed to landscapes, a marginalized element in many planning assessments, can bring out data to more substantively inform decision making, A case study of user meanings imparted to residual waterfront land in Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, suggests that such property provides an array of amenities to residents. Most importantly, it expands the range of recreational activities, creates visual relief from the monotonous urban milieu, and provides scenic vistas to promote an awareness of the quality of life still possible in cities. The study concludes that planners can use phenomenology to generate data for more judicious decision making.
Jay Custer's Hyperreality:

My relations with the Indians of [Cochiti] are very friendly. Sharing their food, their hardships, and their pleasures simple as they are, a mutual attachment has formed itself, which grows into sincere affection. …On the whole they are the best people the sun shines upon (Adolph Bandelier, quoted in Thomas, 1998:59).
A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Trichloroethylene (TCE) and some of its metabolites are potentially carcinogenic compounds that the general population is commonly exposed to in drinking water. Concentrations of TCE, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) given to laboratory animals in cancer bioassays are high, whereas drinking water levels of the compounds are very low. It is not clear whether the trace amounts of TCE, DCA and TCA in drinking water pose a cancer risk to humans. The accuracy of pharmacokinetic studies relies on the analytical method from which blood and tissue concentration data are obtained. Models that extrapolate cancer risks of TCE and its metabolites from laboratory animals to humans, in turn, rely on the results of pharmacokinetic studies. Therefore, it is essential to have reliable analytical methods for the analysis of TCE and its metabolites. This paper reviews the methods currently in the literature for the analysis of TCE, DCA, TCA and, to a lesser extent, chloral hydrate (CH). Additional aspects of analytical methods such as method validation, species preservation and future directions in the analysis of TCE and its metabolites are also discussed.
Fully Plastic Crack Problems, Part 1: Solutions by a Penalty Method

Elaboration d'un modele pregnant, aux elements finis integres, applicable a la description et la comprehension, des phenomenes se produisant dans des materiaux incompressibles
Effects of Inelastic Scattering on Thermal Boundary Conductance at Metal-Dielectric Interfaces

The accuracy of predictions of thermal boundary conductance using traditional models such as the diffuse mismatch model (DMM) varies depending on the types of material comprising the interface. These traditional models assume that phonons are elastically scattered which drives the energy conductance across the interface. It has been shown that at relatively high temperatures (i.e., above the Debye temperature) inelastic scattering events can drive interfacial transport. In this case, the predictions from traditional models become highly inaccurate. In this paper, the effects of inelastic scattering on thermal boundary conductance at metal/dielectric interfaces are studied. Experimental transient thermoreflectance data showing inelastic trends are reviewed and compared to traditional models. Using the physical assumptions in the traditional models and the experimental data, the relative contributions of inelastic and elastic scattering on thermal boundary conductance is inferred.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Effects of exposure to lead on behavior of mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus L.) larvae

Abstract Starting at the day of hatching, Fundulus heteroclitus L. larvae were exposed to 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg l −1 Pb (as lead acetate). At weekly intervals they were tested for prey capture of Artemia , spontaneous activity, and swimming performance. Prey capture was significantly decreased only after 4 weeks of exposure when there was a significant elevation of miscues. A significant reduction in spontaneous activity was seen at 1, 3 and 4 weeks. A significant reduction in swimming performance was also seen at 1, 3 and 4 weeks. Larvae were tested at 2–3 weeks of age for predator avoidance, using grass shrimp ( Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis) as the predator. Exposed larvae had increased susceptibility to shrimp predation. After 4 weeks of exposure, larvae were returned to clean sea water and testing continued for another 2–4 weeks of depuration. By 8 weeks, behaviors of previously exposed larvae were no longer statistically different from that of controls, and lead tissue levels had decreased.
Adaptive dynamic high-gain scaling based output-feedback control of nonlinear feedforward systems with time delays in input and state

A general class of nonlinear systems containing delays in both state and input is considered and an output-feedback control design is proposed. The class of systems considered consists of a nominal system of feedforward form as well as appended uncertain dynamics. Both state and input delays are allowed to be time-varying and uncertain. The robust adaptive control design is designed based on our recent results on dual dynamic high-gain scaling based control designs for feedforward systems. The control implementation does not require knowledge of the time delays or any magnitude bounds thereof; the only information about the time delays that is required is a bound on the rate of variation of time delays.
Nonasymptotic Inferences Based on Cochran's Q Test:

A nonasymptotic inference procedure for Cochran's Q test for the equality of matched proportions is presented. The nonasymptotic method provides improvement over the asymptotic method when there is...
Stability, bifurcation and chaos of non-linear structures with control—I. Autonomous case

Abstract We study a class of structural models with non-linear soft spring and active control subjected to simple harmonic excitations. The first of the two parts deals with the analysis of stability and bifurcations of the autonomous (or unforced) system, using the basic concept of Liapunov exponent, the center manifold theorem, normal forms, the Melnikov method, the Bendixon criterion and perturbation methods. Regions of stability and bifurcation sequences in the parameter space of the system are obtained analytically along with those by numerical simulations. Part II of our study concentrates on the analysis of stability and chaos of the non-autonomous (or forced) system.
Making ‘great battles’ great: Christian and Muslim views of Las Navas de Tolosa

The great battles of the medieval Mediterranean have defined a historical narrative of Christian–Muslim civilizational conflict. This essay challenges this focus on these so-called “great battles” and explains how this concentration on warfare developed for nationalist and political purposes. Las Navas de Tolosa became a “great battle” not simply because it was important in its own right but because of what it has become: a useful symbol for defining and unifying communities of both the “victorious” and the “defeated.”
On the Origins of Emergent Differential Sample Behavior.

Two experiments evaluated the source(s) of emergent differential sample behavior in pigeons. Initially, pigeons learned two-sample, two-alternative symbolic matching in which different patterns of sample responding were required to produce the comparisons. Afterwards, two other samples nominally identical to the comparisons were added to the matching task. On new-sample trials, completion of either sample–response requirement produced comparison alternatives which were either the same as or different from the alternatives on the familiar-sample trials. Differential responding to the new samples developed only when the comparisons were the same as the familiar samples. The results are consistent with acquired sample equivalence and adventitious reinforcement accounts of emergent sample behavior and are inconsistent with bidirectional transfer (symmetry) between the response patterns explicitly required to the originally trained (familiar) samples and the subsequently reinforced comparisons.
Evaluation of Integrated Platoon-Priority and Advance Warning Flasher System at High-Speed Intersections

Most rural or suburban high-speed isolated intersections have higher traffic volumes on the major approach compared with the minor approach. Often these intersections are not close enough to one another to provide coordination and are not far enough apart to disperse vehicle platoons completely on the major approach. These major-approach vehicle platoons are forced to stop frequently because of conflicting calls placed by a few vehicles on the minor approach. As a result, these intersections operate poorly, especially during peak periods. In addition, advance warning flashers are used at these intersections to warn motorists of the end of the green. The conventional method uses the trailing overlap green, which holds the green for a fixed time after gap-out. This trailing overlap green replaces the existing dilemma-zone protection provided by loop detectors and also increases delay on the minor approach. Recently, platoon-priority signal control systems have been developed to progress platoons efficiently at these intersections. In addition, the Texas Transportation Institute has developed the advance warning end-of-green system to provide advance warning at these intersections without the necessity of holding the green after gap-out. In this study, these systems are integrated and the performance of the system is evaluated in terms of delay, stops, and advance warning time. Cabinet-in-the-loop tests performed with a real scenario suggested potential benefits of 50% reduction in delay and stops on the major approach experiencing platoons. It was also found that the total intersection delay and stops were reduced by as much as 20%.
The Role of Marital Beliefs as a Component of Positive Relationship Functioning

The present study utilized a sample of 962 individuals in dating, cohabiting, and marital relationships to examine how beliefs about marriage salience and permanence were associated with individual relationship functioning. While previous studies have suggested that marital beliefs are associated with individual decision making, few studies have examined how such beliefs might be associated with differing individual relational behavior and perceptions. The present study explored how marital beliefs may be associated with perceptions of relationship satisfaction and stability through the indirect pathways of individual commitment and relational effort. Results suggested that marital beliefs were significantly associated with perceptions of relational well-being in which more positive beliefs about marriage were indirectly associated with perceptions of more satisfaction and more stability. Multi-group comparisons suggested that these associations held for those in all types of relationships. Results also suggested that marital permanence may be particularly important to perceptions of well-being in marital relationships.
Note on Weinberg operators in the standard model.

I demonstrate the vanishing of the dimension-six Weinberg operator in the standard Kobayashi-Maskawa model of $\mathrm{CP}$ violation in the absence of QCD corrections. I then argue that dimension-eight operators do appear, and estimate their contribution to the neutron electric dipole moment.
Physiological data feedback for application in distance education

This paper describes initial experiments collecting physiological data from subjects performing computer tasks. A prototype realtime Emotion Mouse collected skin temperature, galvanic skin response (GSR), and heartbeat data. Possible applications to distance education, and a second-generation system are discussed.
“Not angles, but angels”: Blake's pictorial defense of English art

(1996). “Not angles, but angels”: Blake's pictorial defense of English art. European Romantic Review: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 49-60.
An inverse problem for a class of nonlinear differential equations.

Lienard type of differential equation for oscillatory system representing solution by Krylov-Bogoliubov method, noting inverse problem
Computer games in the classroom, or, how to get perfect attendance, even at 8 AM

In this special session, we will compare and contrast several game engines that have been used in game development courses, and describe our experiences teaching such courses.
Hyperviscosity syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis with Felty's syndrome: case report and review of the literature.

Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) is characterised by high serum viscosity and the involvement of multiple organs, commonly causing retinal haemorrhage, bleeding diathesis, pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), neurologic deficits and death. It has been reported that HVS is mostly encountered in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (80%-90% of all HVS cases) and occasionally in multiple myeloma. HVS in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD) has rarely been reported. Of 28 cases of HVS reported in patients with CTD, 19 were with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, only six of these 19 cases had Felty's syndrome. Here we report another case of HVS in a patient with RA as well as Felty's syndrome.
Optimization of parameters in protein nitrogen unit precipitation procedure for allergenic extracts

This work establishes the optimum conditions for the protein nitrogen unit (PNU) phosphotungstic acid (PTA) precipitation procedure for allergenic extracts. The volume of extract analyzed, the dilution of the extract prior to precipitation, the percent PTA in the precipitating solution, the washing of the precipitate, and the volume of concentrated HCl initially added to the extract were optimized, as they were found to be the factors which affected the amount of PTA precipitate obtained. Varying the digestion time, the digestion temperature, and the percent HCl in the 15% PTA precipitating solution did not cause detectable differences in the PNU values of the extracts studied.
A New Dynamic State Space Model for the Cylindrical Grinding Process

A new dynamic state space model is proposed for the in-process estimation and prediction of part qualities in the plunge cylindrical grinding process. A through review on various grinding models in literature reveals a hidden dynamic relationship among the grinding conditions, the grinding power, the surface roughness, and the part size due to the machine dynamics and the wheel wear, based on which a nonlinear state space equation is derived. After the model parameters are determined according to the reported values in literature, several simulations are run to verify that the model makes good physical sense. Since some of the output variables, such as the actual part size, may or may not be measured in industry applications, the observability is tested for different sets of outputs in order to see how each set of on-line sensors affects the observability of the model. The proposed model opens a new way of estimating the part qualities such as the surface roughness and the actual part size based on application of the state estimation algorithm to the measured outputs such as the grinding power. In addition, a long term prediction of the part qualities in batch grinding processes would be realized by simulation of the proposed model. Possible applications to monitoring and control of grinding processes are discussed along with several technical challenges lying ahead.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
HUMAN CEREMONIAL RITUAL AND THE MODULATION OF AGGRESSION

. Human ceremonial ritual is considered as an evolved behavior, one of the principal effects of which is the promotion of intragroup cohesion by decreasing or eliminating intragroup aggression. It is seen as a major determinant of what Victor Turner calls communitas in human social groups of varying extension. The frequent paradoxical effect of ritual's promoting extragroup aggression at the same time that it diminishes intragroup aggression is considered. A neuroevolutionary model of the development and social effects of ritual behavior is presented, being derived from both ethology and recent neurophysiological studies in humans.
Regulating the cross‐border movement of prepaid cards

Purpose – The term “prepaid card” refers to the pre‐payment of value process, i.e. pay now and extract value later, and describes most of the prepaid/stored value products available today. These cards have largely supplanted paper gift certificates and travelers checks, and are used as alternatives for traditional paper‐based transactions such as payroll payments, cross‐border remittances, and government assistance or welfare benefit programs. However, the same attributes that make open‐system prepaid cards attractive to legitimate customers make them attractive to money launderers. The purpose of this paper is to make the case for subjecting certain prepaid card products (but not all) to Report of International Transportation of Currency or Monetary Instruments (CMIR) requirements.Design/methodology/approach – Addresses how the US law‐enforcement agencies might reconstruct the CMIR enforcement regime to address the unique challenges that prepaid card products present.Findings – The money laundering threa...
Incorporating range sensing in the robot navigation function

A model of mobile robot navigation is considered in which the robot is a point automaton operating in an environment with unknown obstacles of arbitrary shapes. The robot's input information includes its own and the target-points coordinates as well as local sensing information such as that from stereo vision or a range finder. These algorithmic issues are addressed: (1) Is it possible to combine sensing and planning functions to produce 'active sensing' guided by the needs of planning? (The answer is yes). (2) Can richer sensing (e.g., stereo vision versus tactile) guarantee better performance, that is, resulting in shorter paths? (The general answer is no). A paradigm for combining range data with motion planning is presented. It turns out that extensive modifications of simpler tactile algorithms are needed to take full advantage of additional sensing capabilities. Two algorithms that guarantee convergence and exhibit different styles of behavior are described, and their performance is demonstrated in simulated examples. >
The effects of contact lenses on the normal physiology and anatomy of the cornea: symposium summary

of a Symposium presented at the meeting of the VI International Congress of Eye Research, Alicante, Spain, 1–7 October 1984. Organized by S.D. Klyce and R.W. Beuerman. Contributors: M.F. Refojo, I. Fatt, D. Lin, B.R. Masters, R.D. Ochsner, D.J. O'Leary, G. Wilson, J. Bergmanson, J. Friend, F.L. Leong, H. Kilp, B. Heisig-Salentin, L.L. Mannucci, F. Moro, A. Cosani, M. Palumbo, C. Kirkland, D. Lamberts, B.A. Holden, Antti Vannas, Klas Nilsson, Nathan Efron, Deborah Sweeney. Michael Kotow, Donna La Hood, Michael Guillon and A.J. Rozsa.
Relation between superheating and superacceleration of helium in the solar wind

Solar-wind data obtained by the OGO-5 and IMP-7-8 earth satellites show a positive correlation between the ratio of helium to hydrogen tempeatures, and the velocity difference between the two ions. Although this result disagrees with the Prognoz-1 results reported earlier in this journal, it is consistent with the expected control by Coulomb collisions when the solar-wind density is high.
An Average Mean Square Error Technique for Studying the Effect of Suppressing the Discrete Fourier Angle

A quantitative technique is presented for determining the average mean square error when the angle of the discrete Fourier transform is suppressed prior to performing the inverse Fourier transformation.
Hall coefficient for double layer thin films

Abstract The conduction electron distribution functions for double layer thin films with the presence of a transverse magnetic field has been derived. A general theoretical solution for the Hall effect of double layer thin films is obtained thereafter.
Muscle degeneration without mechanical injury in sarcoglycan deficiency

In humans, mutations in the genes encoding components of the dystrophin–glycoprotein complex cause muscular dystrophy. Specifically, primary mutations in the genes encoding α-, β-, γ-, and δ-sarcoglycan have been identified in humans with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Mice lacking γ-sarcoglycan develop progressive muscular dystrophy similar to human muscular dystrophy. Without γ-sarcoglycan, β- and δ-sarcoglycan are unstable at the muscle membrane and α-sarcoglycan is severely reduced. The expression and localization of dystrophin, dystroglycan, and laminin-α2, a mechanical link between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix, appears unaffected by the loss of sarcoglycan. We assessed the functional integrity of this mechanical link and found that isolated muscles lacking γ-sarcoglycan showed normal resistance to mechanical strain induced by eccentric muscle contraction. Sarcoglycan-deficient muscles also showed normal peak isometric and tetanic force generation. Furthermore, there was no evidence for contraction-induced injury in mice lacking γ-sarcoglycan that were subjected to an extended, rigorous exercise regimen. These data demonstrate that mechanical weakness and contraction-induced muscle injury are not required for muscle degeneration and the dystrophic process. Thus, a nonmechanical mechanism, perhaps involving some unknown signaling function, likely is responsible for muscular dystrophy where sarcoglycan is deficient.
Size distribution of particles in planetary rings

Harris (1975) has suggested that the maximum size of particles in a planetary ring is controlled by collisional fragmentation rather than tidal stress. While this conclusion is probably true, estimated radius limits must be revised upward from Harris' values of a few kilometers by at least an order of magnitude. Accretion of particles within the Roche limit is also possible. These considerations affect theories concerning the evolution of Saturn's rings, of the moon, and of possible former satellites of Mercury and Venus. In the case of Saturn's rings, comparison of various theoretical scenarios with available observational evidence suggests that the rings formed from the breakup of larger particles rather than from original condensation as small particles. This process implies a distribution of particle sizes in Saturn's rings possibly ranging up to about 100 km but with most of the cross section in centimeter-scale particles.
Molecular modeling and mechanism of action of human decay-accelerating factor

A model of the regulatory region of human decay accelerating factor (DAF) was built based on the known coordinates of a fragment of the structurally and functionally homologous serum protein, factor H. According to this model, the four short consensus repeats (SCRs) in DAF are arranged in a helical fashion. A positively charged surface area on SCRs 2 and 3, two of the three repeating units essential for function, is postulated to be the primary recognition site for the C3 convertases C4b2a and C3bBb. This area encompasses a cavity on SCR 2, as well as part of the groove on the SCR 2-SCR 3 interface. Two additional surface depressions are centered around the C-terminal disulfide bridges of SCRs 3 and 4. These are likely to provide additional ligand binding sites. Based on this model in conjunction with sequence homology to the Ba fragment of factor B, a mechanism of DAF's accelerated convertase decay action is postulated.
Lightweight Raman spectroscope using time-correlated photon-counting detection

Raman spectroscopy is an important tool in understanding chemical components of various materials. However, the excessive weight and energy consumption of a conventional CCD-based Raman spectrometer forbids its applications under extreme conditions, including unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) and Mars/Moon rovers. In this article, we present a highly sensitive, shot-noise–limited, and ruggedized Raman signal acquisition using a time-correlated photon-counting system. Compared with conventional Raman spectrometers, over 95% weight, 65% energy consumption, and 70% cost could be removed through this design. This technique allows space- and UAV-based Raman spectrometers to robustly perform hyperspectral Raman acquisitions without excessive energy consumption.
College students' knowledge of human papillomavirus and effectiveness of a brief educational intervention.

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States and is associated with considerable morbidity and cost. Several surveys of college students have found, however, a paucity of knowledge of HPV. Sexually transmitted disease education focused on human immunodeficiency virus infection has been found to be effective at improving knowledge and safe-sex behaviors, at least in the short term. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief HPV-focused, educational intervention on college students9 knowledge of HPV. METHODS Sixty physician9s assistant and psychology students were administered a questionnaire that elicited their knowledge of HPV, including prevalence, symptomatology, and complications. The participants then underwent a brief HPV-focused educational intervention. Three months later, the cohorts were reevaluated with the same questionnaires. RESULTS Before the intervention, only 45% of the HPV questions were answered correctly, compared with 87% of the non-HPV items. After the intervention, 79% of the HPV questions were answered appropriately. Physician9s assistant students performed significantly better than the psychology students on the HPV questions, but not statistically significantly better on the non-HPV related items. Women performed better than men on the non-HPV questions, but scored similarly for the HPV-related items. CONCLUSION Despite the high prevalence and serious complications associated with HPV infection, most college students know very little about HPV. Brief HPV-focused educational interventions, which could be readily implemented in the family physician9s office at a routine visit, were found to be effective at improving HPV knowledge, at least in the short term. More HPV education is needed, particularly for young adults. Further studies should be undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of HPV education on improving safe-sex behaviors.
What determines unique yellow, L/M cone ratio or visual experience?

Unique yellow is considered to represent the equilibrium point of the red-green opponent chromatic mechanism. There are several hypotheses that attempt to explain how this equilibrium point is established. The determinant for unique yellow, however, has not yet been clarified. Here we explored whether the L/M cone ratio or visual information determines unique yellow. If the former is the case, we expect that subjects with large differences in their L/M cone ratio would set different spectral lights to appear as unique yellow. The results of such an experiment, however, did not show a substantial difference in the value of unique yellow for two subjects with very different cone ratios. On the other hand, if the latter is the case, unique yellow should change when altering the chromaticity of the surrounding visual environment. To test this hypothesis, we conducted long-term adaptation experiments, in which subjects spent 8 to 12 hours in a chromatically altered environment. A significant shift of unique yellow was observed after spending time in such an environment for several days. These results indicate that the red-green opponent channel includes a plastic normalization mechanism that adjusts its balance point based on visual experience.
The New State of Nature: Rising Sea-levels, Climate Justice, and Community-based Adaptation in Papua New Guinea (2003-2011)

If a legal 'vacuum' exists at the international level, and no domestic or national remedy can be found, and (non-government organisations) NGOs have not taken up their cause, then where may climate vulnerable people look to find adaptation strategies and remedies for the equity and justice issues contained within them? With the goal of investigating one kind of answer to this question, this case study examines local-level discourse about the prospect of internal resettlement in Papua New Guinea, where slow-onset, coastal erosion has been going on since 2003. Among the several points illustrated, an institutional absence is revealed-the postcolonial state. In response to its ineffective initiative, villagers express ambivalences about, and attachments to, place, as well as fears about resettlement. They have also begun to devise and debate community-based adaptations. The latter offer a temporary solution and an illusion of local agency, but no justice.
Self-esteem and Arab-American elementary students.

Summary.—This study assessed self-esteem and the relation between self-esteem and academic achievement in a sample of Arab-American elementary students who completed the What I Think About Myself Self-esteem Inventory. 123 students' (M age = 8.7 yr., 65 boys and 58 girls) self-esteem scores were associated with their academic achievement. Alpha internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .85) for the inventory. The results also indicated that the participants tended to have healthy self-esteem.
Apply Measurable Risk to Strengthen Security of a Role-Based Delegation Supporting Workflow System

Workflow systems often use delegation to enhance the flexibility of authorization. However, using delegation also weakens security because users may have difficulties understand and design correct delegation policies. In this paper, we propose the Measurable Risk Adaptive Role-based Delegation (MRARD) framework to address this problem.MRARD employs measurable risk for SSOs (System Security Officers) to provide a complementary protection mechanism in role-based delegation supporting workflow systems. In MRARD, when another enterprise user wants to use a delegated role to execute a task, a fuzzy logic based inference processor will infer the risk level. Based on simple risk adaptive decision policies, a decision module will determine whether the access should be granted under a certain risk mitigation action.
Smart surveillance: applications, technologies and implications

Smart surveillance, is the use of automatic video analysis technologies in video surveillance applications. This paper attempts to answer a number of questions about smart surveillance: What are the applications of smart surveillance? What are the system architectures for smart surveillance? What are the key technologies? What are the some of the key technical challenges? and What are the implications of smart surveillance, both to security and privacy?.