cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A REEXAMINATION OF RESTORED WETLANDS IN MANITOWOC COUNTY, WISCONSIN

Since the late 1980s, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has helped restore hundreds of wetlands in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin, in an effort to enhance the production of waterfowl and other wetland associated species. During summer 2004, we re-examined 11 restorations to determine how their plant communities had changed since 1992. In addition, we re-evaluated waterfowl and anuran communities at eight restorations. Because 1992 data were compiled from separate studies, all three groups of organisms were simultaneously examined at only two wetlands. Significant decreases in plant diversity and plant species richness were detected between 1992 and 2004, while significant increases were detected for species classified as obligate or facultative wet. These changes suggest that the plant communities at the restorations have matured since 1992. Use of the wetlands by waterfowl and anurans, on the other hand, did not exhibit significant change over this period. Regular monitoring of restorations over even longer periods will provide new insights into the way in which restored communities develop and whether current restoration methods have succeeded in establishing stable, species-rich wetland communities.
Surface Chemistry and Slow-Crack Growth Behavior of Fluorozirconate Glasses

The surface chemical reactions which might contribute to stress corrosion in fluorozirconate glasses have been investigated and the results are related to the slow crack growth behavior of these glasses. The surface studies indicate that aqueous environments are especially aggressive. It is found that the penetration and bulk diffusion of molecular water precedes any hydrolysis or dissolution of the glass structure. The chemisorption of water to produce oxide or hydroxide species is not prevalent except in the case of the basic aqueous environments. The most notable feature of the stress intensity-crack velocity diagrams is a distinct and reproducible stress-intensity threshold at KI = .15–.20 MPa-m1/2 in the environments which contain water. This threshold is observed for both gaseous and liquid environments even though the surface chemistry and corrosion in water vapor and liquid water are very different. The wet nitrogen atmospheres also exhibit a velocity plateau whose magnitude increases systematically with the water activity; it approaches the plateau observed in pure liquid water at ~10−3 m/s. Altogether, it appears that the crack growth mechanism may be independent of any chemisorption reactions at the crack tip. Perhaps, the formation of a coordinate bond between molecular water and the barium or zirconium cations weakens the coulombic forces of attraction with the fluorine anions, and thereby, influences the energy necessary for crack propagation. This interaction also appears to be the first step in the corrosion reaction. It is further suggested that the stress-intensity thresholds and velocity plateaus may be due to stress-enhanced water diffusion ahead of the crack tip where it modifies both the material and stress distribution.
Evaluation of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation for Pain Relief in Peripheral Neuropathy

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is currently being used in the management of a variety of acute and chronic pain syndromes.1-4 To date, little information on specific methods of patient evaluation and TENS application has been documented. Although continuous assessment of a patient's response to treatment and subsequent modification of the treatment plan have been an important part of most physical therapy regimens, these issues have not been clearly defined for treatment protocols for TENS. In addition, patients' long-term responses to TENS treatment have not been evaluated. Therefore, accurate assessment of the long-term effectiveness of this modality for control of chronic pain is difficult. This case history describes specific evaluation and treatment data for a patient who received TENS as part of a pain-management program. The patient's response to treatment during a six-month follow-up period is presented and appropriate modification of TENS application is suggested.
Impact of Assignment Prompt on Information Literacy Performance in First-year Student Writing

Abstract This study attempts to quantify the impact of assignment prompts and phased assignment sequencing on first-year student work; specifically, whether more fully developed and “scaffolded” assignment prompts produced better Information Literacy (IL) in student papers (n = 520). The examination of assignment prompts in relation to student IL rubric scores would seem to indicate that conventional wisdom on developing assignment prompts might not have an impact on IL performance.
Evaluation of Jurassic-Cretaceous dinoflagellates in the Ascodinium-Ovoidinium complex

Comparison of the published generic concepts Ascodinium, Ovoidinium, and Craspedodinium led to the redefinition of Ascodinium. Ovoidinium is now considered a junior synonym with all its species transferred to the emended Ascodinium. Hypocystal features present in specimens found in northwestern Mexico and referable to A. diversum are the basis for the following paratabulation formula for the genus: 4', 3a, 7", Xc, 5"', 2"", Xs (ortho-hexa peridinioid). The type of archeopyle in Craspedodinium must be clarified before its taxonomic position can be established with confidence. Evaluation of Jurassic-Cretaceous dinoflagellates in the Ascodinium-Ovoidinium complex
Tailoring Porphyrin-based Electron Accepting Materials for Organic Photovoltaics

The syntheses, potentiometric responses, optical spectra, electronic structural properties, and integration into photovoltaic devices are described for ethyne-bridged isoindigo-(porphinato)zinc(II)-isoindigo chromophores built upon either electron-rich 10,20-diaryl porphyrin (Ar-Iso) or electron-deficient 10,20-bis(perfluoroalkyl)porphyrin (Rf-Iso) frameworks. These supermolecules evince electrochemical responses that trace their geneses to their respective porphyrinic and isoindigoid subunits. The ethyne linkage motif effectively mixes the comparatively weak isoindigo-derived visible excitations with porphyrinic π–π* states, endowing Ar-Iso and Rf-Iso with high extinction coefficient (e ∼ 105 M–1·cm–1) long-axis polarized absorptions. Ar-Iso and Rf-Iso exhibit total absorptivities per unit mass that greatly exceed that for poly(3-hexyl)thiophene (P3HT) over the 375–900 nm wavelength range where solar flux is maximal. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations highlight the delocalized nature o...
A Two-Step Right Hepatic Lobectomy with Portal Vein Ligation for Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Rapid Induction of Left-Lobe Regeneration and Clinicopathologic Correlation

The patient is a 56-year-old man with a long history of chronic hepatitis B, who developed multiple hepatocellular carcinomas in the right lobe with invasion of the right anterior portal vein. There was no evidence of tumor involvement in the left lobe or in extrahepatic organs. Given that the patient had advanced hepatocellular carcinoma associated with gross vascular invasion, a two-step liver resection procedure was performed with right portal vein ligation during the first operation and a subsequent right lobectomy of the liver. The stage I portal vein ligation induced a rapid growth of the left and caudate lobes of the liver with a volume increase from 201 to 405.2 mL in 9 days associated with a slight shrinkage of the tumor nodules. The subsequent right lobectomy was successfully done with a complete removal of tumor nodules and a well-compensated liver function. Postoperatively the patient was complicated with Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis, which was controlled eventually. Biopsy of the left lobe of liver revealed severe small- and medium- droplet steatosis, in addition to regenerative changes. In summary, right portal vein ligation with in situ splitting of the liver allows the surgeon to proceed with hepatic resection in cases where portal vein embolization is technically not possible. The increased risk of morbidity and mortality certainly must be weighed when contemplating this approach and is discussed in this report.
MIF: A harbinger of evil

The majority of patients with cancer die of metastatic disease, and there is a major effort to understand and formulate effective ways to treat cancer metastasis. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a particularly deadly cancer, with a high metastatic potential and a median survival of only 6 months. Exosomes are secreted membrane vesicles that mediate intercellular communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Although exosomes have previously been implicated in the formation of premetastatic niches in target organs, the mechanism for this phenomenon was unclear. Now, Costa-Silva et al . present evidence that PDAC-derived exosomal macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes the formation of premetastatic niches in the liver through induction of transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) release by Kupffer cells (KCs). When PDAC-derived exosomes were administered to mice prior to tumor cell injection, liver metastatic burden increased. Fluorescently labeled tumor exosomes were preferentially taken up by KCs, and in vitro “education” of KCs by PDAC-derived exosomes up-regulated soluble factors associated with liver fibrosis, including TGF-β. Examination of exosome-educated livers showed a marked increase in extracellular fibronectin deposited by hepatic stellate cells (hStCs), followed by an influx of bone marrow–derived macrophages. Moreover, injected PDAC cells were shown to localize adjacent to KCs. Treatment with a TGF-β type I receptor inhibitor (A83-01) during exosome education decreased hStCs, fibronectin deposition, and macrophage migration to the liver. Furthermore, knocking out fibronectin or depleting recruited macrophages caused a reversion of the prometastatic phenotype. Mass spectrometry of PDAC-derived exosomes revealed high expression of MIF. Knockdown of MIF in exosomes resulted in pronounced reduction in TGF-β, fibronectin deposition, macrophage recruitment, and liver metastatic burden, without affecting exosome binding to KCs. Baseline exosomal MIF concentrations were markedly higher in patients with subsequent progressive disease compared with patients without progression, confirming the importance of this process in human disease. Last, in a genetic model of PDAC, an increase in exosomal MIF and TGF-β expression by liver KCs was observed in the early pretumoral stage and increased in correlation with disease progression. This study demonstrates the importance of PDAC-derived exosomal MIF in premetastatic niche formation and efficient liver metastasis, which correlates with patient outcomes. These findings suggest that exosomal MIF can potentially serve as both a therapeutic target and a prognostic marker for PDAC. B. Costa-Silva et al ., Pancreatic cancer exosomes initiate pre-metastatic niche formation in the liver. Nat. Cell Biol . 17 , 816–826 (2015). [[Abstract]][1] [1]: http://www.nature.com/ncb/journal/v17/n6/pdf/ncb3169.pdf
Retrospective comparison of ephedrine and phenylephrine for the treatment of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension in pre-eclamptic patients.

AbstractObjective: To compare neonatal acid base status in parturients who underwent cesarean delivery and received either ephedrine or phenylephrine boluses for the treatment of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension. Research design and methods: After institutional review board approval, the perioperative database of the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics was used to identify all women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia and had cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia for the period 1 January 2005 to 31 July 2014. Data retrieved included patient demographics, indication for cesarean delivery, severity of pre-eclampsia, dose of vasopressor, neonatal umbilical artery pH and Apgar scores. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome was umbilical artery pH. Results: Data for 146 patients was included in the analysis. Ephedrine was used in 57 patients (group E) and phenylephrine in 89 (group PE) patients. The median umbilical artery pH was 7.30 (IQR 7.20–7.30) and 7.30 (IQR 7.20–7.30) in the ephedrine and phenyle...
Analyzing drug sensitivity prediction based on dose response curve characteristics

Precision medicine for cancer involves design of drug sensitivity prediction models that can predict patient response to various drugs. The drug response is usually represented by a single feature such as Area Under the Curve or IC50 derived from the experimental dose response curve. In this article, we consider the idea that predicting the dose response curve and generating the curve features instead of directly predicting the curve characteristics can increase prediction accuracy. Using the cancer cell line encyclopedia database, we illustrate that predicting dose response curve points to calculate AUC instead of directly predicting AUC can reduce prediction mean square error and increase correlation between experimental and predicted values.
Retrospective Analysis of Intravascular Ultrasound Guided True Lumen Seeking and Tracking Technique for Treating the Patients With Complex Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions

Objective: Currently, the major obstacle for treating complex chronic total occlusions(CTO) by percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) is reaching the true lumen. We reported a novel outcome of intravascular ultrasound guided true lumen seeking and tracking((IVUS-TST) technique for treating the patients with CTO lesions or the patients with failed PCI.Methods: We retrospectively summarized all patients with CTO lesions treated in our hospital by the same cardiologist from 2013-01-01 to 2013-12-31. CTO is defined as J-CTO Score≥1; successful intervention is defined by angiography or IVUS confirmed wire reached the remote true lumen or at least finished the balloon dilatation. The treatment was divided into 2 groups: Angiography group, n=49 lesions and IVUS-TST group, n=67 lesions. The rates of success and complication were compared and the reasons for failed treatment were analyzed.Results: A total of 140 patients with 148 lesions were studied and 32 patients with 32 simple lesions(J-CTO score1) were excluded. The rest 108 patients with 116 complex lesions(J-Score=2.18 ± 0.80) were evaluated. There were 98 male and 18 female patients at the age of(56.71 ± 11.89) years. Compared with Angiography group, IVUS-TST group had the higher J-Score(2.33 ± 0.84) vs(1.98 ± 0.69), P=0.019, longer occluded lesion(37.99 ± 22.51) vs(31.43 ± 20.20) mm, P=0.034; IVUS-TST group had the higher trend of PCI success rate 65.7% vs 49.0%, P=0.071, decreased trend of coronary perforation(9.0% vs 18.4%, P=0.136) and slightly decreased dissection of valsalva sinus(0% vs 6.1%, P=0.073). No in-hospital death and no emergent CABG were needed. Multiple regression analysis presented that IVUS-TST(OR=2.756, 95%CI 1.019-7.453, P=0.046) was the independent predictor for elevating the success rate in treating CTO patients. The main cause of failed PCI was the wire entry point to false lumen(43.8%) or fail to re-enter the true lumen(43.8%); While IVUS-TST may better enter the true lumen at the entry point(33.8%) or re-enter the true lumen(35.3%).Conclusion: IVUS-TST is effective for treating the patients with CTO lesions, it is expected to increase the success rate and decrease the severe complications.
The Use of Microarray Technology in Nonmammalian Vertebrate Systems

Among vertebrates, the mammalian systems that are frequently used to investigate questions related to human health have gained the most benefit from microarray technology to date. However, it is clear that biological investigations and the generalized conclusions drawn from them, can only be enhanced by including organisms in which specific processes can be readily studied because of their genetic, physiological, or developmental disposition. As a result, the field of functional genomics has recently begun to embrace a number of other vertebrate species. This review summarizes the current state of microarray technology in a subset of these vertebrate organisms, including Xenopus, Rana, zebrafish, killifish (Fundulus sp.), medaka (Oryzias latipes), Atlantic salmon, and rainbow trout. A summary of various applications of microarray technology and a brief introduction to the steps involved in carrying out a microarray experiment are also presented.
A Transient Developmental Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gives Rise to Innate-like B and T Cells

The generation of distinct hematopoietic cell types, including tissue-resident immune cells, distinguishes fetal from adult hematopoiesis. However, the mechanisms underlying differential cell production to generate a layered immune system during hematopoietic development are unclear. Using an irreversible lineage-tracing model, we identify a definitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that supports long-term multilineage reconstitution upon transplantation into adult recipients but does not persist into adulthood in situ. These HSCs are fully multipotent, yet they display both higher lymphoid cell production and greater capacity to generate innate-like B and T lymphocytes as compared to coexisting fetal HSCs and adult HSCs. Thus, these developmentally restricted HSCs (drHSCs) define the origin and generation of early lymphoid cells that play essential roles in establishing self-recognition and tolerance, with important implications for understanding autoimmune disease, allergy, and rejection of transplanted organs.
Impact of explained v. unexplained front-of-package nutrition labels on parent and child food choices: a randomized trial.

Objective The present study investigated whether parent/child pairs would select more healthful foods when: (i) products were labelled with front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels relative to packages without labels; (ii) products were labelled with colour-coded Multiple Traffic Light (MTL) FOP labels relative to monochromatic Facts up Front (FuF) FOP labels; and (iii) FOP labels were explained via in-aisle signage v. unexplained. Design Participants were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: (i) FuF labels with in-aisle signs explaining the labels; (ii) FuF labels, no signage; (iii) MTL labels with in-aisle signage; (iv) MTL labels, no signage; (v) control group, no labels/signage. Saturated fat, sodium, sugar and energy (calorie) content were compared across conditions. Setting The study took place in a laboratory grocery aisle. Subjects Parent/child pairs (n 153) completed the study. Results Results did not support the hypothesis that MTL labels would lead to more healthful choices than FuF labels. The presence of FOP labels did little to improve the healthfulness of selected foods, with few exceptions (participants with v. without access to FOP labels selected lower-calorie cereals, participants with access to both FOP labels and in-aisle explanatory signage selected products with less saturated fat v. participants without explanatory signage). Conclusions Neither MTL nor FuF FOP labels led to food choices with significantly lower saturated fat, sodium or sugar. In-aisle signs explaining the FOP labels were somewhat helpful to consumers in making more healthful dietary decisions. New FOP labelling programmes could benefit from campaigns to increase consumer awareness and understanding of the labels.
Stories of Methodology: Interviewing Sideways, Crooked and Crip

In this article, written in a combination of collaborative and singular voices, we tell the stories of shaping an interdependent crip methodology while conducting a qualitative interview study with 33 disabled faculty members. Our central argument is that disability crips methodology. In other words, centering disability from the beginning of a research project, and committing to collective access, reveal specific ways that disability changes the assumptions and outcomes that ordinarily characterize—or are assumed to characterize—research situations. To illuminate those specific ways, we focus on three dimensions of qualitative research that emerged as particularly important to our interdependent methodology: time, gaze, and emotion.
A cell-type-specific jolt for motor disorders

Manipulating the activity of a subpopulation of external globus pallidus neurons with optogenetic deep brain stimulation ameliorates motor deficits in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease.
In the eye of the storm: Exploring how Montana and Ohio are framing the debate about the Clean Power Plan rule

ABSTRACTRulemaking is an integral component of environmental policy at both the federal and state level; however, the role states play in implementing federal rules is often overlooked. States frequently have to devise their own plans for implementation—subject of course to federal oversight—and this is the case with the new Clean Power Plan rule proposed in 2014 and finalized in 2015. This exploratory research examines the newspaper coverage of proposed Clean Power Plan rule in Montana and Ohio in an effort to surmise how these two states will proceed with implementation. To investigate these responses to the proposed rule, we utilize Nisbet’s (2010) framework for science-policy debates in the media to conduct a content analysis and identify the driving frames from the ten leading newspapers in each state. Our analysis concludes that although the leading frame in both states is economic development and competitiveness, Montana seeks a pathway forward, while Ohio wants a two-year freeze on renewable energ...
Effect of Ado A1- and A2-receptor activation on ventricular fibrillation during hypoxia-reoxygenation

We examined the hypothesis that adenosine (Ado)-induced alterations in ventricular electrophysiology may contribute to arrhythmogenesis in a setting of myocardial hypoxia through activation of Ado A1 and A2 receptors in the rabbit isolated perfused heart. There was a 20% incidence of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in control hearts subjected to perfusion conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation. The incidence of VF was increased to 50% in the presence of 1 microM Ado when hearts were exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation. The incidence of VF was 20% when Ado was increased to 10 microM. Inhibition of the Ado A2 receptor with 3,7-dimethyl-l-propargylxanthine (DMPX; 10 microM) increased the incidence of VF to 100% when 10 microM Ado was added to the perfusion medium. The A1 antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX, 1 microM), attenuated (from 100% to 20%) VF induced by Ado + DMPX (10 microM each). The ventricular refractory period and monophasic action potential duration were determined in a separate group of hearts. Our findings indicate that 1) Ado A1-receptor stimulation facilitates VF by decreasing action potential duration and refractoriness in hearts subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation and 2) the arrhythmogenic potential of Ado A1-receptor stimulation is modulated by simultaneous activation of the ventricular A2 Ado receptor.
Can Children Effectively Reuse the Same Mnemonic Pegwords

Seventy-three fifth-grade students were taught nine North American minerals and their corresponding hardness levels under either mnemonic (pegword/keyword) or free-study conditions. In the zero-repetition (standard) condition, each mineral was paired with a unique hardness level (1–9); in the one-repetition condition, three hardness levels were each represented by two different minerals (and three hardness levels by one mineral); and in the two-repetition condition, three hardness levels were each represented by three different minerals (and three hardness levels by one mineral); and in the two-repetition condition, three hardness levels were each represented by three different minerals. In all repetition conditions, mnemonic subjects significantly and substantially outperformed students who were given free study. Possibilities for adapting mnemonic techniques to overcome stimulus-produced interference are discussed.
Accuracy of electronic health record data for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in persons living with HIV and uninfected persons.

Purpose No prior studies have addressed the performance of electronic health record (EHR) data to diagnose chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in people living with HIV (PLWH), in whom COPD could be more likely to be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, given the higher frequency of respiratory symptoms and smoking compared with HIV-uninfected (uninfected) persons. Methods We determined whether EHR data could improve accuracy of ICD-9 codes to define COPD when compared with spirometry in PLWH vs uninfected, and quantified level of discrimination using the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC). The development cohort consisted of 350 participants who completed research spirometry in the Examinations of HIV Associated Lung Emphysema (EXHALE) study, a pulmonary substudy of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study. Results were externally validated in 294 PLWH who performed spirometry for clinical indications from the University of Washington (UW) site of the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems cohort. Results ICD-9 codes performed similarly by HIV status, but alone were poor at discriminating cases from non-cases of COPD when compared with spirometry (AUC 0.633 in EXHALE; 0.651 in the UW cohort). However, algorithms that combined ICD-9 codes with other clinical variables available in the EHR-age, smoking, and COPD inhalers-improved discrimination and performed similarly in EXHALE (AUC 0.771) and UW (AUC 0.734). Conclusions These data support that EHR data in combination with ICD-9 codes have moderately good accuracy to identify COPD when spirometry data are not available, and perform similarly in PLWH and uninfected individuals.
Charge Transport in Ni0: An Electro-Elastic and Spin-Dependent Model for the Experiments

Results of Seebeck effect and Resistivity measurements in carefully grown, pure single crystals of NiO indicate the presence of localized carriers in this material. A new model for hopping conduction is proposed which includes aspects of models for valence transitions in rare earth compounds (differences in ionic volume and electro-elastic interactions) and also introduces a new dependence of the hopping activation energy on spin ordering. The calculation of the magnitude and temperature dependence of the resistivity for NiO based on this model is in good agreement with experiment.
An Elementary Proof of an Inequality of R. E. A. C. Paley

D. L. Burkholder. An elementary proof of an inequality of R. E. A. C. Paley. Bull. London Math. Soc., 17(5):474–478, 1985. Reproduced with permission of the London Mathematical Society. An electronic version is available at 10. 1112/blms/17.5.474
Triavil® (Merck Sharp & Dohme)

Triavil is a broad-spectrum psychotherapeutic agent for the management of outpatients and hospitalized patients with psychoses or neuroses characterized by mixtures of anxiety or agitation with symptoms of depression. Perphenazine is a potent tranquilizer and potent antiemetic. Amitriptyline is an antidepressant with an anxiety-reducing, sedative component to its action.
Indexing and Retrieval

This chapter presents the assessment of a new situation before and during retrieval to determine where similar cases might reside in the case library. Given a complete case, that is, one whose problem had been solved and/or where feedback about outcome was available, one examines the effect of the situation description on the solution to choose some types of indexes and the effect of the situation description and solution on the outcome to choose other types. In reasoning about new situations, the chapter selects out of the case library the cases that have the most to contribute to the new situation. In the best of all worlds, one would be able to do that if he or she could choose for the new situation the indexes it would have if it were already in the case library. The chapter also discusses the implementation of indexes. One way to implement indexes is as the labels on the arcs of discrimination networks and redundant discrimination networks.
Data-driven analyses of low salinity water flooding in sandstones

Abstract Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) has been intensively investigated but the conditions for LSWF to work are still unclear and the EOR mechanisms are still debatable. In this study, we extracted data from hundreds of LSWF flooding tests using sandstone cores and sand packs that have been published to date (by January 2018), and analyzed the tertiary recovery results (202 groups) collectively. First, all initial experimental conditions are correlated to the tertiary recovery factors in both single and combinatorial manners. Correlation charts show that no single experimental condition constitutes necessary or sufficient conditions for incremental oil recovery; combinatorial conditions show stronger correlations with the recovery factors, but still do not constitute sufficient conditions for incremental oil recovery. Secondly, incidental property changes are correlated to tertiary recovery factors in order to evaluate the related EOR mechanisms. Wettability alteration towards more water-wet shows a strong correlation with improved oil recovery. Finally, all previously proposed EOR mechanisms for LSWF in sandstones are linked in a chart to demonstrate an in-depth overview of all these mechanisms. We use experimental data analyses to provide a solid basis for reviewing LSWF and provide unique perspectives in understanding this process.
Speed Trajectory Optimization for a Heavy-Duty Truck Traversing Multiple Signalized Intersections: A Dynamic Programming Study

This paper explores the fuel savings that can be achieved by optimizing the speed trajectory of a heavy-duty truck traversing a sequence of intersections, under the assumptions that the behavior of the leading traffic and the timing of the traffic lights is known. Specifically, we look at the impact of corridor topology (i.e. green cycle lengths, phase offsets) on the expected fuel savings of the optimized trajectories. This is an important area of research because vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) technology has the potential to allow autonomous vehicles to reduce fuel consumption, especially in urban and sub-urban driving scenarios. The literature tackles the problem of arterial corridor trajectory optimization, and shows the potential fuel saving benefits. However, previous research focuses primarily on passenger vehicles, and often limits its findings to specific case studies. The main contribution of this paper is to offer an estimate of the fuel saving potential - for heavy-duty trucks and under different corridor characteristics - of optimizing trajectories in an urban arterial with V2V and V21 capabilities.
Policy Rules in Times of Prolonged Crisis: Quantitative Easing Abroad and Fiscal Adjustment at Home

This paper examines the international transmission of real and financial shocks which originate in, and are partially offset by, quantitative easing in a large financially-stressed country. Using a two-country model, we evaluate the adjustment in the non-stressed foreign country, following recurring negative shocks (to productivity or financial net worth or both), and the application of QE policies in the stressed country. We find that the non-stressed country can make effective use of tax-rate changes to stabilize asset prices, consumption and investment during the crisis pe-riod abroad, if the crisis is generated by productivity shocks or financial shocks, or both. The tax-rate regime in the non-stressed country works best, by generating positive externalities for the stressed country in the face of recurring productivity shocks. Under recurring financial net-worth shocks, the benefit ts of the tax-rate regime are less global, and more local, more confined to the non-stressed country.
First-in-Man Clinical Experience Using a High-Definition 3-Dimensional Exoscope System for Microneurosurgery.

Background During its development and preclinical assessment, a novel, 3-dimensional (3D), high-definition (4K-HD) exoscope system was formerly shown to provide an immersive surgical experience, while maintaining a portable, low-profile design. Objective To assess the clinical applicability of this 3D 4K-HD exoscope via first-in-man surgical use. Methods The operative workflow, functionality, and visual haptics of the 3D 4K-HD exoscope were assessed in a variety of microneurosurgical cases at 2 US centers. Results Nineteen microneurosurgical procedures in 18 patients were performed exclusively using the 3D 4K-HD exoscope. Pathologies treated included 4 aneurysms, 3 cavernous malformations (1 with intraoperative electrocorticography), 2 arteriovenous malformations, 1 foramen magnum meningioma, 1 convexity meningioma, 1 glioma, 1 occipital cyst, 1 chiari malformation, 1 carotid endarterectomy, 1 subdural hematoma, 1 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, and 2 lumbar laminectomies. All patients experienced good surgical and clinical outcomes. Similar to preclinical assessments, the 3D 4K-HD exoscope provided an immersive 3D surgical experience for the primary surgeon, assistants, and trainees. The small exoscope frame, large depth of field, and hand/foot pedal controls improved exoscope mobility, decreased need to re-focus, and provided unobstructed operative corridors. Flexible positioning of the camera allows the surgeon's posture to be kept in a neutral position with uncompromised viewing angles. Conclusion The first-in-man clinical experience with the 3D 4K-HD exoscope confirms its excellent optics and ergonomics for the entire operative team, with high workflow adaptability for a variety of microneurosurgical cases. Expanded clinical use of the 3D 4K-HD exoscope is justified.
Workforce Support for Urban After-School Programs: Turning Obstacles into Opportunities.

Organized after-school programs can mitigate risk and build resilience for youth in urban communities. Benefits rely on high-quality developmental experiences characterized by a supportive environment, structured youth-adult interactions, and opportunities for reflective engagement. Programs in historically disenfranchised communities are underfunded; staff are transient, underpaid, and undertrained; and youth exhibit significant mental health problems which staff are variably equipped to address. Historically, after-school research has focused on behavior management and social-emotional learning, relying on traditional evidence-based interventions designed for and tested in schools. However, after-school workforce and resource limitations interfere with adoption of empirically supported strategies and youth health promotion. We have engaged in practice-based research with urban after-school programs in economically vulnerable communities for nearly two decades, toward building a resource-efficient, empirically informed multitiered model of workforce support. In this paper, we offer first-person accounts of four academic-community partnerships to illustrate common challenges, variability across programs, and recommendations that prioritize core skills underlying risk and resilience, align with individual program goals, and leverage without overextending natural routines and resources. Reframing obstacles as opportunities has revealed the application of mental health kernels to the after-school program workforce support and inspired lessons regarding sustainability of partnerships and practice.
Restitution for Ponzi Scheme Victims: The Symbiotic Relationship of Tax and Securities Laws

This paper contrasts the restitution processes used by the Securities Investment Protection Corporation ("SIPC") and the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") to provide restitution to the victims of Ponzi schemes. With its roots in bankruptcy law, the goal of SIPC is to provide reimbursement to victims of Ponzi schemes in an equitable manner, while the IRS is principally concerned with the impact of Ponzi schemes for taxable income. On the surface, the methods used by SIPC and the IRS appears potentially contradictory. Despite these contradictions, these methods are broadly consistent with one another and have a collaborative relationship. Nonetheless, implementation of these policies has proven to be difficult for both the SIPC and the IRS, which is highlighted in this paper. It also provides a welfare framework for evaluating the consequences of alternative restitution strategies.
VIBRANT: Automated recovery, annotation and curation of microbial viruses, and evaluation of virome function from genomic sequences

Abstract Background Viruses are central to microbial community structure in all environments. The ability to generate large metagenomic assemblies of mixed microbial and viral sequences provides the opportunity to tease apart complex microbiome dynamics, but these analyses are currently limited by the tools available for analyses of viral genomes and assessing their metabolic impacts on microbiomes. Design Here we present VIBRANT, the first method to utilize a hybrid machine learning and protein similarity approach that is not reliant on sequence features for automated recovery and annotation of viruses, determination of genome quality and completeness, and characterization of virome function from metagenomic assemblies. VIBRANT uses neural networks of protein signatures and a novel v-score metric that circumvents traditional boundaries to maximize identification of lytic viral genomes and integrated proviruses, including highly diverse viruses. VIBRANT highlights viral auxiliary metabolic genes and metabolic pathways, thereby serving as a user-friendly platform for evaluating virome function. VIBRANT was trained and validated on reference virus datasets as well as microbiome and virome data. Results VIBRANT showed superior performance in recovering higher quality viruses and concurrently reduced the false identification of non-viral genome fragments in comparison to other virus identification programs, specifically VirSorter and VirFinder. When applied to 120,834 metagenomically derived viral sequences representing several human and natural environments, VIBRANT recovered an average of 94.5% of the viruses, whereas VirFinder and VirSorter achieved less powerful performance, averaging 48.1% and 56.0%, respectively. Similarly, VIBRANT identified more total viral sequence and proteins when applied to real metagenomes. When compared to PHASTER and Prophage Hunter for the ability to extract integrated provirus regions from host scaffolds, VIBRANT performed comparably and even identified proviruses that the other programs did not. To demonstrate applications of VIBRANT, we studied viromes associated with Crohn’s Disease to show that specific viral groups, namely Enterobacteriales-like viruses, as well as putative dysbiosis associated viral proteins are more abundant compared to healthy individuals, providing a possible viral link to maintenance of diseased states. Conclusions The ability to accurately recover viruses and explore viral impacts on microbial community metabolism will greatly advance our understanding of microbiomes, host-microbe interactions and ecosystem dynamics.
Ramifications of the 2nd law of thermodynamics on innovation and sustainable future

The 2nd law of thermodynamics deals with the non-conserved quantities of entropy and exergy, and is associated with non-conserved entities like quality. The 2nd-law efficiency defines perfection. A process with a 2nd-law efficiency of 100% is thermodynamically perfect. As such, it involves no entropy generation, no exergy destruction and thus no waste of resources. Therefore, the 2nd law of thermodynamics is closely related to the concepts of sustainability, green practices, effectiveness, efficiency and performance. In this paper, energy conservation, renewable energy and sustainability are examined from the 2nd-law point of view. Then the 2nd-law concepts are applied to technology development and innovation activities to assess their efficiency and effectiveness and thus the best utilisation of resources.
Fatal gastrointestinal bleeding in a case report of Coat's plus syndrome.

Abstract Introduction Coat’s plus syndrome is an extremely rare genetic syndrome that leads to a variety of symptoms. We are reporting a case of Coat's plus syndrome that had persistent GI bleeding and review of current literature. Presentation of case The patient is a female in her 40 s with a history of coat's disease and end stage renal failure on dialysis. The etiology of renal failure was not discovered, and the patient was being worked up for a kidney transplant. The patient required admission after deterioration of nutritional status with a BMI of 14.3. During admission the patient initially had intermittent GI bleeding requiring weekly blood transfusions. On work up of the GI bleed, no etiology was identified either. As a result persistent negative GI bleed work up, we pursued alternative diagnoses. The history of Coat’s disease prompted us to work up the patient for Coat's plus syndrome. A genetic test confirmed the presence of CTC-1 gene mutation, which results in Coat's plus syndrome. With no treatment available as of yet, the patient continued to deteriorate into multi-organ failure. Discussion We present an example of GI bleeding in Coat's plus syndrome, only identified thru genetic testing, that is very rare and complex in nature. Despite numerous workups, no specific etiology was identified for the GI bleeding. Conclusion Previous reports have not investigated cause of GI bleeding, since it is extremely rare in the literature. Further investigation is warranted to understand cause and effects of GI bleeding in this rare genetic disease.
The sex premium in religiously motivated moral judgment.

Recent theorizing suggests that religious people’s moral convictions are quite strategic (albeit unconsciously so), designed to make their worlds more amenable to their favored approaches to solving life’s basic challenges. In a meta-analysis of 5 experiments and a preregistered replication, we find that religious identity places a sex premium on moral judgments, causing people to judge violations of conventional sexual morality as particularly objectionable. The sex premium is especially strong among highly religious people, and applies to both legal and illegal acts. Religion’s influence on moral reasoning emphasizes conventional sexual norms, and may reflect the strategic projects to which religion has been applied throughout history. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Between Reimarus and Kant: Blumenbach’s Concept of Trieb

The notion of Trieb, constitutive for Blumenbach’s greatest conceptual intervention, the Bildungstrieb, intentionally separated it from the other Bildungskrafte that had been identified in the physical (and even the organic) world. This discrimination proved decisive for Kant (and, later still, to Goethe and Schelling). Thus we must endeavor to reconstruct the source and the significance of Blumenbach’s conceptual departure. My argument will be that in his turn to Trieb, Blumenbach drew upon the pioneering work of Hermann Reimarus. Thus, my argument will have three components: first, the conceptualization of Trieb in Reimarus; second, the introduction of that term into Blumenbach’s own theorizing, in the notion Bildungstrieb; and, finally, how that figured in the reception of Blumenbach by Kant.
ENZYMATIC ENHANCEMENT OF INFECTIVITY OF REOVIRUS.

Spendlove, R. S. (California State Department of Public Health, Berkeley), and F. L. Schaffer. Enzymatic enhancement of infectivity of reovirus. J. Bacteriol. 89:597–602. 1965.—Enhancement of infectivity by chymotrypsin treatment has been demonstrated with all three types of reovirus, although not in all viral preparations. Enzyme treatment did not produce a simultaneous increase in the hemagglutinating activity of reovirus type 1 (the only type tested). The infectivity of reovirus type 1 (Lang strain) was increased by treatment with chymotrypsin, trypsin, papain, and a filtrate from a culture of a Pseudomonas sp. but not by treatment with pepsin. Sedimentation experiments showed that the property of enhanceability was closely associated with the virus particles themselves. Results of studies involving various sequential treatments with chymotrypsin, and with heat in the presence or absence of 2 m MgCl2, were compatible with the interpretation that inhibited virus is resistant to exposure to a temperature of 56 C in the absence of MgCl2, whereas activated virus is thermolabile. Activation of reovirus infectivity by heat in the presence of MgCl2 and by chymotrypsin was not additive.
Selective activation of CCK-B receptors does not induce sleep and does not affect EEG slow-wave activity and brain temperature in rats.

Abstract Chang, H.-Y. and L. Kapas. Selective activation of CCK-B receptors does not induce sleep and does not affect EEG slow-wave activity and brain temperature in rats. Physiol Behav 62(1) 175–179, 1997.—Systemic injections of cholecystokinin octapeptide sulfate ester (CCK-8-SE) elicit various behavioral and autonomic responses, such as increases in nonrapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and hypothermia. There are two CCK receptors; both CCK-A and CCK-B receptors are stimulated by CCK-8-SE. The relative importance of the CCK-A and CCK-B receptors in the somnogenic and hypothermic effects of CCK-8-SE is not well understood. In the present experiments, we studied the effects of the selective activation of CCK-B receptors by CCK tetrapeptide (CCK-4) or nonsulfated CCK-8 (CCK-8-NS) on sleep and brain temperature (T br ). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline on the control day and with CCK-8-NS (10, 50, or 250 μ g/kg) or CCK-4 (10, 50, or 250 μ g/kg) on the test day 5–10 min before dark onset. Electroencephalogram, electromyogram, and T br were recorded for 12 h. None of the treatments affected sleep or T br significantly, with the exception of 10 μ g/kg CCK-4, which transiently decreased the amount of NREMS, and 10 μ g/kg CCK-8-NS, which slightly increased REMS. These results suggest that the activation of CCK-B receptors by systemic injection of CCK-4 or CCK-8-NS is not sufficient to elicit increased NREMS and hypothermia in rats.
Babes in Bondage Parental Selling of Children to Finance Family Migration: The Case of German Migration to North America, 1720-1820

The existence and extent of intra-family debt shifting via selling children into bondage among German immigrant families to North America is documented using quantitative ship manifest and servant auction data. This evidence is at odds with the standard description presented in the literature based on literary sources. Market competition created the opening and colonial welfare laws drove German immigrant parents into selling their children into bondage to finance their own (the parents’) migration, but only for children within a particular and narrow age range. German immigrant parents did not callously treat their children as investment goods.
Creating Workbooks and Entering Data

In this chapter, you’ll get started quickly with Excel by creating and saving a new workbook. You’ll then look at how to navigate the Excel interface and work with worksheets and workbooks. You’ll learn how to enter data in worksheets, how to select and manipulate cells, and how to use Excel’s various view features to see the worksheet data you need so that you can work easily with it.