cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Joint Beamforming and Power Control for Optimal SIR Assignment in Cellular Uplinks

This paper considers the nonconvex and globally coupled problem of joint antenna beamforming and transmit power control, in order to maximize the network-wide utility as a function of attained SIRs. Using a spillage-load characterization for power control [13], we assign utility as a function of attained SIRs and formulate the joint optimization as a utility maximization problem. Despite the highly coupled structure of the problem, we propose an efficient distributed algorithm that is proved to be convergent in general. Despite nonconvexity in the joint optimization, we prove global optimality in the two user case. We find in simulations the algorithm always converges to the global optimal allocation, and the Pareto-optimal tradeoff between power and antenna beamforming in maximizing network utility is illustrated.
Myosin VI Is Differentially Regulated by DNA Damage in p53- and Cell Type-dependent Manners

Myosin VI is an unconventional motor protein and functions in a variety of intracellular processes such as cell migration, vesicular trafficking, and homeostasis of the Golgi complex. Previously, we found that myosin VI is up-regulated in RKO, LS174T, and H1299 cells by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner and mediates the pro-survival function of p53. Here, we showed that the levels of myosin VI protein were markedly inhibited in MCF7 and LNCaP cells by topoisomerase I-II inhibitors. However, the levels of myosin VI transcript were decreased only by topoisomerase I inhibitors. We also found that the levels of myosin VI protein were markedly inhibited in MCF7 cells by wild-type p53 but not tumor-derived mutant p53. Surprisingly, we found that the level of myosin VI transcript was slightly increased instead of decreased in MCF7 cells by p53, suggesting that a mechanism other than transcriptional repression is involved. Additionally, we found that on the myosin VI promoter, the level of acetylated histone H3 was markedly decreased, whereas that of p53 and acetylated histone H4 was slightly increased in MCF7 cells upon treatment with topoisomerase I-II inhibitors. Finally, we showed that overexpression of myosin VI enhances, whereas knockdown of myosin VI decreases, DNA damage-induced stabilization of p53, and consequently, knockdown of myosin VI de-sensitizes MCF7 cells to DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Taken together, as a mediator of the p53 pro-survival pathway and a marker of malignancy in some tumors, differential regulation of myosin VI in various tumor cells by topoisomerase inhibitors dictates whether knockdown of myosin VI inhibits, rather than enhances, the susceptibility of tumor cells to some therapeutic agents, which might be explored for designing a proper therapeutic strategy.
pH tolerances and regulatory abilities of freshwater and euryhaline Aedine mosquito larvae

The pH regulatory abilities of two members of the mosquito tribe Aedini, known to have dramatically different saline tolerances, are investigated. The freshwater mosquito Aedes aegypti and the euryhaline Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus tolerate very similar pH ranges. Both species complete larval development in waters ranging from pH 4 to pH 11, but naive larvae always die in water of pH 3 or 12. Across the pH range 4-11, the hemolymph pH of O. taeniorhynchus is maintained constant while that of A. aegypti varies by 0.1 pH units. The salt composition of the water (3.5 g l(-1) sea salt, 3.5 g l(-1) NaCl, or nominally salt-free) has no effect on the range of pH tolerated by A. aegypti. In both species, the effects of pH on larval growth and development are minor in comparison with the influence of species and sex. Acclimation of A. aegypti to pH 4 or 11 increases survival times in pH 3 or 12, respectively, and allows a small percentage of larvae to pupate successfully at these extreme pH values. Such acclimation does not compromise survival at the other pH extreme.
Physicians being deceived.

Objective. In several high profile prosecutions of physicians for prescribing opioids, prosecutors claimed that the doctors should have known the individuals were feigning pain solely to obtain the prescriptions. This study was to determine how readily physicians can tell that patients lie. Methods. A literature search was done for studies of standardized patients used to evaluate physicians’ practices. Standardized patients are actors taught to mimic a patient with a specific illness. The papers were then reviewed for the frequency with which the physician correctly identified which office visits were by the standardized (lying) patients. Results. Six studies of practicing physicians using standardized patients reported the frequency with which these actors were identified as the standardized patients. This occurred around 10% of the time. Some real patients were erroneously identified as the actors. Conclusion. Deception is difficult to detect. In the current legal climate surrounding prescribing opioids, accepting patients’ reports of pain at face value can have significant legal consequences for the doctor. While doctors must make every reasonable effort to confirm the diagnosis and need for opioid therapy, allowance must be made for the fact that conscientious doctors can be deceived.
Experimental study of a separating, reattaching, and redeveloping flow over a smoothly contoured ramp

Abstract A turbulent boundary layer that separates, reattaches, and redevelops over a smoothly contoured ramp and a downstream flat plate has been examined. In order to resolve the flow in the viscous sublayer, a custom-built, two-dimensional LDA with a very high resolution was used. A small separation bubble occurred over the trailing edge of the ramp. The v ′ v ′ and − u ′ v ′ Reynolds stress components increased rapidly in the adverse pressure gradient boundary layer, and developed large outer layer peaks aligned with the inflection point in the mean velocity profile. The high stress levels were nearly unchanged by the reattachment process, decaying only after the mean velocity profile recovered and outer-layer production dropped. A key feature is that the inner layer recovered relatively quickly to a typical turbulent boundary layer in the redeveloping region, while the outer layer recovery was retarded by the large eddies generated in the separation region.
The dangerous discourse of invisibility: A critique of the National Research Council's national science education standards

In this critical review essay, I argue that the National Research Council's (NRC) 1996 National science education standards uses a discourse of invisibility to lay out its massive reform for science education in the United States. This invisibility discourse dangerously compromises the well-intended goals of the NRC by not directly addressing the ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and theoretical issues which influence the teaching and learning of science in today's schools. Herein I propose that the Standards ought to provide strong arguments and evidence in support of the reasons why equity should be a guiding principle in science education reform. In the same manner, the Standards must articulate the theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence on which the numerous recommendations for change are based. Only then would the Standards provide the conceptual guidance necessary to encourage teachers, administrators, parents, and politicians to spring into action and take the necessary risks associated with radically transforming schools. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 34: 19–37, 1997.
Antiviral T cell responses: phalanx or multipronged attack?

Around 700 BCE, a new military formation called the phalanx was established in ancient Greece: a tight column of heavy infantry carrying long spears, or pikes, used in a single prong of attack. Later, in the battle of Marathon described by Herodotus, the Greeks learned the advantages of multipronged attacks, a strategy still used in modern warfare. Is the immune system similar in its approach to combating pathogens or tumors?
The Constraints on Minority Housing Choices, New York City 1978–1987

Cette etude, menee dans un contexte pluriculturel, evalue les caracteristiques de logement et de voisinage lies aux choix residentiels des minorites ethniques, telles que les blancs non-hispaniques, les noirs non-hispaniques, les Porto Ricains et les Hispaniques au sein de New York, entre 1978 et 1987. Les resultats montrent que les signes de logement de basse qualite et de conditions precaires de voisinage augmentent tres largement la probabilite que le prochain menage appartienne a une minorite ethnique, plus particulierement les Porto Ricains. En fait, la segmentation du marche du logement des minorites restreint leurs choix et maintient des separations ethniques et raciales dans le voisinage
Hypo- and Hyperglycemic Alarms: Devices and Algorithms

Soon after the discovery that insulin regulates blood glucose by Banting and Best in 1922, the symptoms and risks associated with hypoglycemia became widely recognized. This article reviews devices to warn individuals of impending hypo- and hyperglycemia; biosignals used by these devices include electroencephalography, electrocardiography, skin galvanic resistance, diabetes alert dogs, and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs). While systems based on other technology are increasing in performance and decreasing in size, CGM technology remains the best method for both reactive and predictive alarming of hypo- or hyperglycemia.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL CONSULTING: CONSULTING PSYCHOLOGY GOES GLOBAL

This Special Issue of the Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research on “International Organizational Consulting: Consulting Psychology Goes Global” provides highlights of experienced practitioner consulting psychologists’ work in a variety of multinational contexts. A brief description of the context for the Special Issue is provided, followed by an outline of the articles the special issue contains. Questions addressed by the articles include the following: how do the assumptions of organizational consulting psychology as taught and practiced in the United States need to be changed when applied to individual, group, and organizational consultation in other countries? Are there issues specific to international organizational consulting psychology different from those addressed by existing cross-cultural psychology findings? How do practicing consulting psychologists learn how to negotiate international consulting projects from start to finish? What kind of overarching templates are useful when entering a new country of international practice?
Female Homosexuality: Classical Psychoanalytic Theory Reconsidered

The psychoanalytic theory of female homosexuality occupies an unusual position in modern psychoanalytic thought because it continues to be influenced by models of the mind that have largely been discarded in other areas of psychoanalytic psychology. Psychoanalytic ideas regarding female homosexuality are considered here from an historical perspective. It is suggested that modern psychoanalytic theory about sexual orientation in women must include recent contributions on the psychological development of women, the psychoanalytic psychology of male homosexuality, and relevant extraanalytic observations.
The Impact of AIDS on Gender Differences in Willingness to Engage in Casual Sex

The AIDS epidemic has had little impact on the gender differences in willingness to engage in casual sex encountered by dark and Hatfield (1989) 10 years ago. Whereas both men and women were willing to data a stranger, it was only the males who were willing to go to a female's apartment or to bed with her. These results from two experiments are consistent with the sociobiological framework. In addition, the results of Experiment 2 indicated that females were not saying no due to a concern for personal safety.
Misalignment study of NLC bunch compressor

Results of computer simulations of the misalignments in the 180 degrees -bend-angle second-stage bunch compressor for the NLC are described. The aim of this study was to evaluate alignment and production error tolerances. Three versions of the second stage, differing in their minimum obtainable bunch length (44 mu m, 60 mu m, and 86 mu m), were studied. Simulations included orbit correction produced by errors and misalignments of the compressor elements. The orbit correction itself was done within some error margins. The effects of misalignments on transverse emittance growth were found. Recommendations for alleviating alignment tolerance are discussed. >
When the dragon's awake: A needs assessment of people injecting drugs in a small urban centre

Abstract Background St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador is one of the smallest Canadian provincial capitals. Like other Canadian coastal communities, St. John's has been affected by dramatic economic and institutional restructuring that negatively impacted community health. Marginalized populations including people who inject drugs are more negatively affected by the gap between health needs and available services. Methods A mixed methods needs assessment began with a survey and key informant and focus group interviews to determine attitudes, knowledge, and practices of people with current or previous experience injecting drugs. An environmental scan of programmes and services was conducted followed by a community consultation with key stakeholders, community agencies, study participants, the media, and members of the public to share and validate findings, solicit feedback, and gather data about future knowledge transfer activities. Results This paper examines two of the five barriers to health and health services for people injecting drugs: First, there was a discrepancy amongst people injecting drugs between awareness and use of safer practices, and second, there was a limited formalized network of health and social programmes and services. Conclusion Accurate and timely information about safer practices, whilst an essential component of a harm reduction approach, is insufficient to reduce the risk of negative health outcomes for people injecting drugs. Funding new programmes and services, although desirable, is not always feasible in small urban centres with limited human and material resources. Recommendations for promoting health, reducing harm, and building local capacity must consider these limitations. Registered nurses are well positioned to provide leadership through collaborative community-based research, education and advocacy.
A Bootstrap Control Chart for Weibull Percentiles

The problem of detecting a shift of a percentile of a Weibull population in a process monitoring situation is considered. The parametric bootstrap method is used to establish lower and upper control limits for monitoring percentiles when process measurements have a Weibull distribution. Small percentiles are of importance when observing tensile strength and it is desirable to detect their downward shift. The performance of the proposed bootstrap percentile charts is considered based on computer simulations, and some comparisons are made with an existing Weibull percentile chart. The new bootstrap chart indicates a shift in the process percentile substantially quicker than the previously existing chart, while maintaining comparable average run lengths when the process is in control. An illustrative example concerning the tensile strength of carbon fibers is presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tuning Innate Immune Activation by Surface Texturing of Polymer Microparticles: The Role of Shape in Inflammasome Activation

Polymeric microparticles have been widely investigated as platforms for delivery of drugs, vaccines, and imaging contrast agents and are increasingly used in a variety of clinical applications. Microparticles activate the inflammasome complex and induce the processing and secretion of IL-1β, a key innate immune cytokine. Recent work suggests that although receptors are clearly important for particle phagocytosis, other physical characteristics, especially shape, play an important role in the way microparticles activate cells. We examined the role of particle surface texturing not only on uptake efficiency but also on the subsequent immune cell activation of the inflammasome. Using a method based on emulsion processing of amphiphilic block copolymers, we prepared microparticles with similar overall sizes and surface chemistries but having either smooth or highly microtextured surfaces. In vivo, textured (budding) particles induced more rapid neutrophil recruitment to the injection site. In vitro, budding particles were more readily phagocytosed than smooth particles and induced more lipid raft recruitment to the phagosome. Remarkably, budding particles also induced stronger IL-1β secretion than smooth particles through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings demonstrate a pronounced role of particle surface topography in immune cell activation, suggesting that shape is a major determinant of inflammasome activation.
Training fuzzy systems with the extended Kalman filter

The generation of membership functions for fuzzy systems is a challenging problem. We show that for Mamdani-type fuzzy systems with correlation-product inference, centroid defuzzification, and triangular membership functions, optimizing the membership functions can be viewed as an identification problem for a nonlinear dynamic system. This identification problem can be solved with an extended Kalman filter. We describe the algorithm and compare it with gradient descent and with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based optimization of fuzzy membership functions. The methods discussed in this paper are illustrated on a fuzzy filter for motor winding current estimation, and are compared with Butterworth filtering. We demonstrate that the Kalman filter can be an effective tool for improving the performance of a fuzzy system.
Camus' Portrayal of Women in State of Siege: Exegesis and Explication

This study compares the positive portrayal of women in State of Siege with that of women in Camus' other writings in an attempt to address the ambiguity of male-female relationships in his work. Such relationships, generally apprehended as negative, are informed by an ambivalency inherent in the loyalty and detachment Camus experienced in relation to his mother - relationship that survived unavoidable differences that separated them. Thus State of Siege does not represent a significant evolution in Camus' treatment of women, since the women of Cadiz, like the silent and sometimes aggressive heroines appearing before and after them, aspire above all to become or to remain wives and mothers. The fusion of loyalty and detachment between Camus and his mother may be regarded as paradigmatic of the rapport between male and female characters throughout his work - the male characters consistently attempting to substitute ideals for filial or romantic love, the female characters seeking a more demonstrative, reciprocal commitment in their relationships. Hence Camus' entire opus demonstrates that loving “at a distance” offers some advantages to men pursuing idealistic goals, though they, as well as the women who love them, pay dearly for their self-imposed detachment.
Harmonic elimination for multilevel converter with programmed PWM method

This work presents a programmed PWM method to eliminate specific higher order harmonics of multilevel converters. First, resultant theory is applied to transcendental equations to eliminate low order harmonics and to determine switching angles for the fundamental frequency switching techniques. Next the magnitudes and phases of the residual higher order harmonics are computed, generated, and subtracted from the original voltage waveform to eliminate these higher order harmonics. The simulation results show that the method can effectively eliminate the specific harmonics, and a low total harmonic distortion (THD) near sine wave is produced. An experimental 11-level H-bridge multilevel converter with a first-on, first-off switching strategy, which is used to balance loads between several levels, is employed to validate the method. The experimental results show that the method can effectively eliminate the specific harmonics, and the output voltage waveforms have less THD than that from the fundamental frequency switching techniques.
Web-Based Algorithmic Composition from Extramusical Resources

ABSTRACT The authors, a composer and a mathematician, demonstrate how the Web-based application “musicalgorithms” translates numbers into musical events. Details of the algorithmic process and the decisions behind mathematical scaling operations are presented in two compositions called Redwoods Symphony and Dreaming among Thermal Pools and Concentric Spirals.
Independence and shared decision making: The role of smart home technology in empowering older adults

This study aims to explore the concepts of independence and shared decision making in the context of smart home technologies for older adults. We conducted a Delphi study with three rounds involving smart home designers, and researchers as well as community dwelling older adults. While there were differences in the way different stakeholders define these concepts, the study findings provide clear implications for the design, implementation and evaluation of smart home applications.
U–Pb geochronology from Tonagh Island, East Antarctica: implications for the timing of ultra-high temperature metamorphism of the Napier Complex

Abstract Ion microprobe U–Pb zircon geochronology of an orthopyroxene-bearing felsic orthogneiss from central Tonagh Island, Enderby Land, East Antarctica provides insight into the chronological-metamorphic evolution of the Archaean Napier Complex, the details of which have been the source of debate for over two decades. The orthogneiss crystallised at 2626±28 Ma, predating peak, ultra-high temperature (UHT) metamorphism and development of an intense regional S1 gneissosity. Two subsequent episodes of zircon growth/resetting can be identified. A minor period of zircon growth occurred at 2546±13 Ma, the regional significance and geological nature of which is unclear. This was followed by an episode of abundant zircon growth, as mantles on ∼2626 Ma cores and as anhedral grains, partly characterised by high Th/U (>1.2), at ∼2450–2480 Ma. This age coincides with both lower and upper concordia intercept ages from other U–Pb zircon studies, and several Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd whole-rock isochron ages from the Napier Complex. We conclude that UHT metamorphism occurred at ∼2450–2480 Ma, and find no compelling evidence that UHT occurred much earlier as has been postulated. The zircon U–Pb data from this study also indicates a lower intercept age of ∼500 Ma, which coincides with the emplacement of Early Palaeozoic pegmatite swarms and synchronous infiltration of aqueous fluids into the southwestern regions of the Napier Complex.
PREDICTING EXTINCTION: PROGRESS WITH AN INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL OF PROTOZOAN PREDATORS AND PREY

Despite the importance of understanding persistence, there are few direct tests of the ability of models to predict predator and prey population persistence. We tested whether an individual-based model could forecast the dynamics and time to extinction in aquatic microcosms of a protist predator and prey: predatory Didinium nasutum and bacterivorous Colpidium striatum. By addressing both persistence and dynamics, the model increases the testability of mechanisms of extinction. Population-level equations modeled the functional response and prey growth. For individual predators, we simulated time since dividing and feeding, and number of prey consumed; these influenced the timing of division and death. We tested the model by comparing simulated dynamics to data from three experiments: (1) an experiment initiated with low predator–prey ratios in 30-mL bottles; (2) an experiment similar to Experiment 1, but in which immigrant predators, prey, or both were added during the first density cycle; (3) an experiment in 30-mL bottles, initiated with various predator–prey ratios. Using only nine parameters measured in independent experiments, simulations gave satisfactory predictions of the period and amplitude of cycles of predator and prey densities, and predator and prey densities through time for Experiment 1. Adding stochasticity to the model also allowed it to reproduce observed prey and predator persistence and the proportion of replicates with prey extinctions. We used the improved model to forecast the results of Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, persistence changed with immigration. The model qualitatively reproduced these changes but underestimated their magnitude. Increasing the initial predator–prey ratio reduced persistence in Experiment 3. Simulations failed to qualitatively reproduce these results for 30-mL microcosms, unless we raised initial prey density. This study demonstrates the use of an individual-based model to help identify and test mechanisms of extinction in predator–prey interactions. The combination of individual-based and population-level formalisms can maintain both model tractability and a close working relationship between models and accessible data.
The Ontological Status of Embryos: A Reply to Jason Morris

In various places we have defended the position that a new human organism, that is, an individual member of the human species, comes to be at fertilization, the union of the spermatozoon and the oocyte. This individual organism, during the ordinary course of embryological development, remains the same individual and does not undergo any further substantial change, unless monozygotic twinning, or some form of chimerism occurs. Recently, in this Journal Jason Morris has challenged our position, claiming that recent findings in reproductive and stem cell biology have falsified our view. He objects to our claim that a discernible substantial change occurs at conception, giving rise to the existence of a new individual of the human species. In addition, he objects to our claim that the embryo is an individual, a unified whole that persists through various changes, and thus something other than a mere aggregate of cells. Morris raises a number of objections to these claims. However, we will show that his arguments overlook key data and confuse biological, metaphysical, and ethical questions. As a result, his attempts to rebut our arguments fail.
Battered children with duodenal avulsion and transection

Two cases of severe duodenal injury following child abuse are presented. One avulsion injury required pyloric exclusion. Both 2-year-old children survived without anastomotic complications. Survival after these injuries rests on the ability to apply multiple techniques for duodenal reconstruction, as well as the recognition of individual cases of abuse-associated malnutrition. A high index of suspicion following abuse-associated blunt abdominal trauma will prevent diagnostic delay in children with retroperitoneal duodenal injuries. Language: en
Regulation of Immune Balance by Thymosin: Potential Role in the Development of Suppressor T-Cells

Although the mechanism of action of thymosin has yet to be definitively established, it is clear that thymosin can activate immature lymphoid cells and induce their differentiation into immunologically competent T-lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo (1–5). It appears that one subpopulation of T-cells, the so-called “suppressor” or “regulator” T-cells, may be dependent upon thymosin for their differentiation and perhaps maintenance as a cell population (2,3). In this paper we review the results of animal and clinical experimentation which support the hypothesis that an imbalance in thymosin production and/or secretion may be part of the pathological mechanisms in certain autoimmune diseases.This deficiency is thought to lead to inadequate production of subpopulations of T-cells, such as the suppressor or regulator cells which appear to exert, in as yet an undefined manner, fine control over the immune system.
Behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections.

Case study: A.B. is a 16-year-old girl who comes to your office for a sports physical examination. She tells you that since seeing you last year, she has become sexually active with a boy at her school.
A Phylogenomic Approach Based on PCR Target Enrichment and High Throughput Sequencing: Resolving the Diversity within the South American Species of Bartsia L. (Orobanchaceae)

Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) have allowed researchers to obtain large amounts of biological sequence information at speeds and costs unimaginable only a decade ago. Phylogenetics, and the study of evolution in general, is quickly migrating towards using HTS to generate larger and more complex molecular datasets. In this paper, we present a method that utilizes microfluidic PCR and HTS to generate large amounts of sequence data suitable for phylogenetic analyses. The approach uses the Fluidigm Access Array System (Fluidigm, San Francisco, CA, USA) and two sets of PCR primers to simultaneously amplify 48 target regions across 48 samples, incorporating sample-specific barcodes and HTS adapters (2,304 unique amplicons per Access Array). The final product is a pooled set of amplicons ready to be sequenced, and thus, there is no need to construct separate, costly genomic libraries for each sample. Further, we present a bioinformatics pipeline to process the raw HTS reads to either generate consensus sequences (with or without ambiguities) for every locus in every sample or—more importantly—recover the separate alleles from heterozygous target regions in each sample. This is important because it adds allelic information that is well suited for coalescent-based phylogenetic analyses that are becoming very common in conservation and evolutionary biology. To test our approach and bioinformatics pipeline, we sequenced 576 samples across 96 target regions belonging to the South American clade of the genus Bartsia L. in the plant family Orobanchaceae. After sequencing cleanup and alignment, the experiment resulted in ~25,300bp across 486 samples for a set of 48 primer pairs targeting the plastome, and ~13,500bp for 363 samples for a set of primers targeting regions in the nuclear genome. Finally, we constructed a combined concatenated matrix from all 96 primer combinations, resulting in a combined aligned length of ~40,500bp for 349 samples.
Numerical chromosome variation in mouse spermatogonla resulting from alcohol consumption

Male mice were force fed ethyl alcohol intragastrically at increasing daily doses. The animals were killed at various times after the initiation of alcohol ingestion. Chromosome numbers per cell were counted from spermatogonial mitoses and compared with those from controls that were not exposed to alcohol. An average of 16 percent of the spermatogonial mitoses from alcohol ingesting animals had hypodiploid numbers (usually 2n-1) compared to 6 percent in the control animals. No correlation between the total amount of alcohol consumed and the number of hypodiploid spermatogonia was noted.
MEMS-Based UHF Monolithic Crystal Filters for Integrated RF Circuits

We report our work in developing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based Ultra High Frequency (UHF) AT-cut quartz monolithic crystal filters operating between 350 and 400 MHz for integration with Si electronics for highly compact Radio Frequency (RF) front-end electronics. Our narrow bandwidth (0.2%) high $Q$ filters have measured insertion losses of −2 dB with temperature stability of roughly 50 ppm over a temperature range of 10°– 80°C. Wafer-level optical metrology and ion milling techniques have been developed to provide enhanced accuracy of the filter center frequency and resonator parameters for optimized performance and improved yields. [2015-0163]
A Bio‐Inspired, Heavy‐Metal‐Free, Dual‐Electrolyte Liquid Battery towards Sustainable Energy Storage

Wide-scale exploitation of renewable energy requires low-cost efficient energy storage devices. The use of metal-free, inexpensive redox-active organic materials represents a promising direction for environmental-friendly, cost-effective sustainable energy storage. To this end, a liquid battery is designed using hydroquinone (H2BQ) aqueous solution as catholyte and graphite in aprotic electrolyte as anode. The working potential can reach 3.4 V, with specific capacity of 395 mA h g(-1) and stable capacity retention about 99.7% per cycle. Such high potential and capacity is achieved using only C, H and O atoms as building blocks for redox species, and the replacement of Li metal with graphite anode can circumvent potential safety issues. As H2BQ can be extracted from biomass directly and its redox reaction mimics the bio-electrochemical process of quinones in nature, using such a bio-inspired organic compound in batteries enables access to greener and more sustainable energy-storage technology.
The Contributions of President Aaron Wildavsky

Aaron Bernard Wildavsky was born on May 31, 1930, in Brooklyn, New York, the third child and only son to live to adulthood of Eva and Sender Wildavsky, who had immigrated to America from Poltava, in the Ukraine, a dozen years earlier.1 Having seen the Czarist and Bolshevik alternatives, as Wildavsky later remarked, his parents had no doubt of their preference for democracy.2 The senior Wildavsky was originally a bookbinder by trade, who bought, fixed up, and managed a small apartment building.
Plasma syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate correlate with microvascular glycocalyx degradation in hemorrhaged rats after different resuscitation fluids

The endothelial glycocalyx plays an essential role in many physiological functions and is damaged after hemorrhage. Fluid resuscitation may further change the glycocalyx after an initial hemorrhage-induced degradation. Plasma levels of syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate have been used as indirect markers for glycocalyx degradation, but the extent to which these measures are representative of the events in the microcirculation is unknown. Using hemorrhage and a wide range of resuscitation fluids, we studied quantitatively the relationship between plasma biomarkers and changes in microvascular parameters, including glycocalyx thickness. Rats were bled 40% of total blood volume and resuscitated with seven different fluids (fresh whole blood, blood products, and crystalloids). Intravital microscopy was used to estimate glycocalyx thickness in >270 postcapillary venules from 58 cremaster preparations in 9 animal groups; other microvascular parameters were measured using noninvasive techniques. Systemic physiological parameters and blood chemistry were simultaneously collected. Changes in glycocalyx thickness were negatively correlated with changes in plasma levels of syndecan-1 (r = -0.937) and heparan sulfate (r = -0.864). Changes in microvascular permeability were positively correlated with changes in both plasma biomarkers (r = 0.8, P < 0.05). Syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were also positively correlated (r = 0.7, P < 0.05). Except for diameter and permeability, changes in local microcirculatory parameters (red blood cell velocity, blood flow, and wall shear rate) did not correlate with plasma biomarkers or glycocalyx thickness changes. This work provides a quantitative framework supporting plasma syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate as valuable clinical biomarkers of glycocalyx shedding that may be useful in guiding resuscitation strategies following hemorrhage.
Further Investigation of Responding Elicited by BC and C After A+, AB-, ABC+ Training

Two experiments with pigeons explored conditioned keypeck responding to new visual targets after visual compound discrimination training. In the first experiment, pigeons were trained with an A+, AB−, ABC+, AD−, ADC+ task, in which stimulus A signalled food, stimulus compounds AB and AD signalled no food, and stimulus compounds ABC and ADC signalled food. According to both an elemental model (Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) and a configural model (Pearce, 1987) of Pavlovian conditioning, test compounds BC and DC should elicit less responding than should C alone. However, the birds responded more to BC and DC than to C. In the second experiment, another set of pigeons was trained with an A+, AB−, ABC+, AD−, ADE+ task, in which stimulus A signalled food, stimulus compounds AB and AD signalled no food, and stimulus compounds ABC and ADE signalled food. Contrary to the prediction of the Rescorla-Wagner model, keypeck responding was not less on BC and DE trials than on C and E trials in testing. However, B and D atte...
Analysis of airman data chain tactical application system based on DODAF

The characteristic of system architecture DODAF framework of US Department of Defense is analyzed. The development method of DODAF framework architecture view product based on ABM is proposed,and its feasibility is analyzed. According to the characteristics of airman,the relevant view product is developed by using the Rational architecture modeling tools. The analysis process of airman battle progress and tactical data link system is described. The DODAF framework is fully applied to the airman battle data link system analysis.
The Role of Life Events in the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus:The Outcomes of Four-year Follow-up Survey

Objective: To explore the role of life events in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: A total of 139 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) and 121 subjects with normal glucose tolerance were followed up during 4 years. The blood glucose was tested by oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT). The life events were evaluated during follow-up survey. Results: The frequency and severity of life events of type 2 diabetes were higher than that of non-diabetic control subjects ,such as family stressors, environmental stressors, marital problems et al. The frequency of nine items of life events in type 2 diabetes mellitus was significantly higher than that of control subjects . Conclusion:Stressful life events played a important role in onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Research on method of determing combination weights based on the standard deviation revised group-G1

The main work of this paper is to decide the weights in multi-attribute group decision-making. First,it made a consistency test on different orders given by experts and eliminated the orders that did not pass the consistency test;Second,it used the thought of circular revision to unify the orders of index importance given by different experts that passed the consistency test and got a unified order gathering different expert opinions.And then it calculated the standard deviation of the evaluating indicators,to get the importance rate between the two adjacent index by the size of the standard deviation and built the model to get the weights by improved group-Gl.The model solved the problem of the distribution of the subjective weights and the objective weight,and the combination weights reflect expert opinion and data information.
Study on Ultra-low Interfacial Tension of Polymer Surfactants Crude Oil

The ultra-low interfacial tensions (IFT) between aqueous solutions of AM - AOP_n. and CMC - AR_12 EO_n. polymeric surfactants and Daqing crude oil were studied.The results show that the IFT decreased to 2. 6 x 10~(-3) and 3 .2 x 10~(-3)mN/m for AM -- AOP_n. and CMC -- AR_12 EO_n. respectively with the addition of alkali. The microscopic observation showed that the disaggregation of micelles by alkali is the main reason for IFT decrease.
Excretion of Cobalt60-Labeled Vitamin B12 after Total Gastrectomy.∗

SummaryCo60-labeled vit. B12 was administered orally in 0.5 γ doses to 4 patients who had had a total gastrectomy. Each patient excreted in the stools essentially all of the administered radioactivity. When gastric juice was given with the vitamin there was a decrease in Co60 excretion to levels similar to those found in control subjects.
CHROMIUM-RICH PORTION OF THE CHROMIUM-NICKEL PHASE DIAGRAM

A more complete determination of the chromium-rich portion of the Cr-Ni phase diagram was made, based in part on resistivity measurements. The existence of a eutectoid reaction at 1215°C, in addition to the previously reported eutectic reaction at 1343°C, was confirmed. Metallographic studies, lineal analysis, and diffusion-couple evidence were utilized to support and extend the findings of the resistivity measurements. Delineation of the a chromium solvus line shows that the maximum solubility of nickel in a chromium decreases rapidly from 25 wt pct Ni at the eutectoid temperature to 16 wt pct Ni at 950°C.
A Bird's-Eye View of the Public Sector

This chapter presents a bird's eye view of the public sector. Since the passage of California's Proposition 13, similar proposals are appearing in many other states. Their proponents are confident that the present levels of taxes and government expenditures are very high, and that if given a chance, people would vote to reduce them. This chapter discusses the reasons for legislators—who are representatives of the people—to not cut taxes and spend themselves if that is what the majority of voters want. Although a number of legislators have shown interest in cutting taxes and/or spending since the passage of Proposition 13, their proposals are not nearly as radical as either Proposition 13 or proposals at present before the voters in other states. Referenda serve to put a brake on the tendency of legislators to overtax and overspend. An important and difficult problem is to keep the two in balance. The real point of representative government is to allow individual voters to pay little attention to their government.
Civil War Issues in Pennsylvania: A Review Essay

The following is an assessment of historical interpretations of Pennsylvania’s Civil War in modern literature on the subject. Readers should not expect to see the results of archival discovery or of research in original sources in this article. Nor is this meant to be a bibliography. It is, rather, an appraisal of the problems of interpreting Pennsylvania’s role in the Civil War and of the solutions to the problems offered by modern historical writing on the subject. The military contribution of Pennsylvania to the Civil War is likewise beyond our reach here. The bibliography on the Battle of Gettysburg alone would swamp this little article. The focus will be decidedly on the home front—on politics, society, and the economy.
Deformation of rectangular thin glass plate coated with magnetostrictive material

As magnetic smart materials (MSMs), magnetostrictive materials have great potential to be selected as coating materials for lightweight x-ray telescope mirrors due to their capability to tune the mirror profile to the desired shape under a magnetic field. To realize this potential, it is necessary to study the deformation of the mirror substrate with the MSM coating subjected to a localized magnetic field. In this paper, an analytical model is developed to calculate the deformation of rectangular coated samples locally affected by magnetostrictive strains driven by an external magnetic field. As a specific case to validate the model, a square glass sample coated with MSMs is prepared, and its deformation is measured in a designed experimental setup by applying a magnetic field. The measured deformation of the sample is compared with the results calculated from the analytical model. The comparison results demonstrate that the analytical model is effective in calculating the deformation of a coated sample with the localized mismatch strains between the film and the substrate. In the experiments, different shape patterns of surface profile changes are achieved by varying the direction of the magnetic field. The analytical model and the experimental method proposed in this paper can be utilized to further guide the application of magnetostrictive coating to deformable lightweight x-ray mirrors in the future.
Ferromagnetic superconductor revealed

The novel properties of ferromagnetic metals were discovered by the ancient "Geeks", long before any of our parents were born. Since then, we have learned to harness these materials in a variety of applications – magnetic recording devices and the magnet that holds the beer-bottle opener to the fridge being two of the most important.
Stroke Awareness among Adults in South-South, Nigeria. Delta State (P03.166)

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to assess knowledge of warning signs, risk factors and treatment of stroke as well as beliefs about stroke among adults in delta. BACKGROUND: Stroke is the leading cause of neurological admissions in Nigeria with a very high morbidity and mortality. Awareness of risk factors may be an important first step in stroke prevention just as awareness of warning signs, treatment facilities and beliefs about stroke may be vital in decisions regarding intervention. DESIGN/METHODS: 280 adults were interviewed from 105 families following a simple randomization technique from two communities. RESULTS: Awareness of at least one warning sign of stroke was 45.3% and awareness of risk factors for stroke was 33.9%. Awareness of warning signs ranged from 65.8% (sudden weakness of arm and leg on one side) to 45% (sudden weakness and deviation of face). Risk factor awareness ranged from 62.8% (hypertension) to 20.3% (sickle cell disease). Sixty-five of the respondents recognized stroke as an emergency and 52% believed it is among the top three killer diseases in Nigeria. Among the adults studied 46.7% believe stroke is a spiritual attack, 41.4% believed it is caused by witchcrafts and 28.2% believe it is best treated by herbalists (native healers). Altogether, 1.78% reported having had a stroke and 28% reported a stroke in their family. CONCLUSIONS: Adults in the Delta region of African Nigerians have low awareness of stroke warning signs and risk factors for stroke.The findings underscore the importance of conducting an effective educational campaign. Disclosure: Dr. Obiabo has received personal compensation for activities with Novartis and for delivering CME lectures to Nigeria Medical Association.
Investigating the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in a common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) biotype from Nebraska

Common ragweed is a weed in the midwestern United States and eastern Canada that is difficult to control due to the evolution of an important resistance to multiple herbicides including glyphosate. Recently, a common ragweed biotype with 19-fold glyphosate resistance was confirmed in Nebraska. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanism of glyphosate resistance in a common ragweed biotype from Nebraska. Both target site and non-target site based mechanisms of glyphosate resistance were investigated using glyphosate-resistant (GR) and known glyphosate-susceptible (GS) common ragweed biotypes. A lower amount of shikimate was accumulated in the GR (≤65 μg mL−1) compared with the GS (≥80 μg mL−1) biotype at all glyphosate concentrations tested. Sequencing of the conserved region of the EPSPS gene revealed no mutations at the Thr102 or Pro106 residues and no variation in EPSPS copy number was detected. A higher translocation of 14C-glyphosate in the GR compared with the GS biotype was found, alt...
The Snow Is General All Over Ireland: Irish Modernism and Northern European Drama

"This essay [draws] connections or parallels between Irish modernists and their continental counterparts. What it has tried to demonstrate, in the process, is that the most famous, memorable, haunting and climactic moments in early Irish modernism - in Cathleen ni Houlihan, “The Dead,” and Riders to the Sea - offer sustained dialogue with modernist drama being written and staged elsewhere in northern Europe. This dialogue crosses generic barriers and apparently insuperable linguistic barriers as well. Indeed, it on occasion crosses the barrier separating human language from other sign systems, the world of numbers, account books, and sock diagrams. Not coincidentally, these famous moments themselves all involve an acknowledgement of, renewed openness or address to a larger world."