cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Frequency of 5'IGH deletions in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Abstract In a retrospective analysis of a large group of cases ( n =291) with B-cell CLL diagnosis, the various characteristics of IGH aberrations as identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes were studied. Conventional cytogenetic and FISH studies with the standard panel (13q14, 11q13, 17p13, 12 centromere), and with IGH break-apart probes were done for each case. Abnormal karyotypes were detected with conventional cytogenetics in 29% of cases, and FISH detected abnormalities in 70%. Deletion of 13q14 was the most frequent anomaly, followed by trisomy 12, deletion of 11q, and deletion of 17p. Among the IGH abnormalities detected, translocations with unknown partners (split signals) occurred in only a small group of patients (15%). Instead, deletion of 5′ IGH , corresponding to the variable IGH segment ( IGH V ) was the most recurrent aberration, observed in 82% (the second most common finding among our patients). This deletion was associated with good prognostic markers: 13q14 deletion, normal karyotype, and CD38 and ZAP-70 negative expression. Although not exclusive to CLL, the deletion occurred in a high frequency, in contrast to its rarity in other B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Longitudinal studies are warranted, to determine when in the disease progression this abnormality is acquired, as a potential early marker, and its impact on the natural history of CLL.
AIDS: Striking the happy media

The past year has seen many controversies about AIDS research and researchers. What productive events have occurred, and what is likely to happen in the next year?
Transient temperature involving oscillatory heat source with application in fretting contact

An analytical approach for treating problems involving oscillatory heat source is presented. The transient temperature profile involving circular, rectangular, and parabolic heat sources undergoing oscillatory motion on a semi-infinite body is determined by integrating the instantaneous solution for a point heat source throughout the area where the heat source acts with an assumption that the body takes all the heat. An efficient algorithm for solving the governing equations is developed. The results of a series simulations are presented, covering a wide range of operating parameters including a new dimensionless frequency ω= ωl 2 /4α and the dimensionless oscillation amplitude A=A/l, whose product can be interpreted as the Peclet number involving oscillatory heat source, Pe=ωĀ. Application of the present method to fretting contact is presented. The predicted temperature is in good agreement with published literature. Furthermore, analytical expressions for predicting the maximum surface temperature for different heat sources are provided by a surface-fitting method based on an extensive number of simulations.
Dynamical Simulation of the Simplest Hydrides

Abstract In agreement with recent results of Gell-Mann and Hartle, we approximate electron motions in ground state Li 7 H 1 and Li 7 H 2 , using an energy conserving numerical method for the solution of Newton's equations and a novel assumption about the interaction of the bonding electrons. Initial calculations for the first excited state of Li 7 H 1 are also discussed.
Laser-assisted machining of an austenitic stainless steel: P550:

AbstractHigh-nitrogen, nickel-free stainless steels have much higher yield strength than typical stainless steels, and their high corrosion resistance and high strength makes them especially attrac...
Effect of therapeutic exercise for hip osteoarthritis pain: Results of a meta‐analysis

Objective Recommendations for lower extremity osteoarthritis (OA) and exercise have been primarily based on knee studies. To provide more targeted recommendations for the hip, we gathered evidence for the efficacy of exercise for hip OA from randomized controlled trials.
Measuring the naturalness of synthetic speech

Even the highest quality synthetic speech generated by rule sounds unlike human speech. As the intelligibility of rule-based synthetic speech improves, and the number of applications for synthetic speech increases, the naturalness of synthetic speech will become an important factor in determining its use. In order to improve this aspect of the quality of synthetic speech it is necessary to have diagnostic tests that can measure naturalness. Currently, all of the available metrics for evaluating the acceptability of synthetic speech do not distinguish sufficiently between measuring overall acceptability (including naturalness) and simply measuring the ability of listeners to extract intelligible information from the signal. In this paper we propose a new methodology for measuring the naturalness of particular aspects of synthesized speech, independent of the intelligibility of the speech. Although naturalness is a multidimensional, subjective quality of speech, this methodology makes it possible to assess the separate contributions of prosodic, segmental, and source characteristics of the utterance. In two experiments, listeners reliably differentiated the naturalness of speech produced by two male talkers and two text-to-speech systems. Furthermore, they reliably differentiated between the two text-to-speech systems. The results of these experiments demonstrate that perception of naturalness is affected by information contained within the smallest part of speech, the glottal pulse, and by information contained within the prosodic structure of a syllable. These results show that this new methodology does provide a solid basis for measuring and diagnosing the naturalness of synthetic speech.
Activity of two novel anthracene-9,10-diones against human leukemia cells containing intercalator-sensitive or -resistant forms of topoisomerase II.

Abstract We have examined the activities of two novel azaanthracene-9,10-diones (aza), 1-aza and 2-aza, in HL-60 human leukemia cell lines containing type II topoisomerases with different sensitivities to inhibition by other intercalating agents. The sensitive line, HL-60, was sensitive to 2-aza but not to 1-aza, whereas the resistant HL-60/AMSA was sensitive to neither agent. Measurements of 1- and 2-aza-induced, topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cross-linking in the cells revealed patterns of resistance and sensitivity that paralleled the results in the cytotoxicity assays. However, measurements of drug-induced topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cross-linking using purified HL-60 and HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II indicated that both agents could stabilize a covalent complex between DNA and the HL-60 enzyme. HL-60/AMSA topoisomerase II resisted stabilization by either agent. This suggests that the resistance of HL-60 cells to 1-aza is not due to the inability of this drug to inhibit topoisomerase II but rather to another, undefined mechanism.
Site-directed mutagenesis studies of human serum albumin define tryptophan at amino acid position 214 as the principal site for nitrosation

The patterns of nitric oxide (NO) release from nitrosated bovine serum albumin (BSA), human serum albumin (HSA) and a number of recombinant HSA mutants were compared. All albumin species were nitrosat
Interaction between two interfacial circular ring dislocations

Abstract The interaction energy and force expressions for a Somigliana ring dislocation in a homogeneous material, i.e. a circular loop with the Burgers vector in the radial direction, have been derived. The analysis has been extended to the interface Somigliana ring dislocation and the interface circular prismatic loop for a bimaterial fiber-matrix case. The results for the homogeneous case are given in closed forms. For the interface dislocation, the behavior of the interaction energy and force is examined by considering different combinations of material elastic constants. The results presented here are applicable to models for the modes of failure in composites with partially debonded fibers.
Characterizing Contact Friction Between DNA and a Chemically Modified Nanopore Surface

Nanopore based DNA sequencing can be potentially high-throughput and low-cost. Essential to this approach is the ability to control the electrically driven motion of a DNA molecule that transits a solid-state nanopore. One dominant factor affecting DNA translocation is contact friction between DNA and a pore surface. Nanopores after being drilled by a transmission electron microscope usually exhibit different surface properties, such as surface charge density and surface roughness, resulting in different friction on DNA. Even for the same pore, translocation (dwell) times for same DNA molecules can vary dramatically due to the irregular occurrence of contact friction. It has been experimentally demonstrated that a self-assemble monolayer (SAM) can be coated on a nanopore surface, providing a method to reduce the contact friction between DNA and the pore surface. Using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we characterized interactions between DNA and different SAM-coated pore surfaces. When DNA was in a hydrophilic SAM-coated pore, an intermittent stick-slip motion occurred because of the contact friction and resulted in a wide distribution of translocation velocity of DNA. However, in a hydrophobic SAM-coated pore, DNA was rarely stuck on the coated surface and the translocation velocity was nearly constant. Therefore, by coating a proper SAM on a pore surface, it is possible to achieve controlled motion of DNA and improve the resolution of DNA sequencing.
Linkage relationships among the malic enzyme, hexokinase-1, and red loci on the X chromosome of Tribolium confusum

Linkage data for the sex-linked malic enzyme (Me) and hexokinase-1 (Hk-1) loci in the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, were obtained from a three-point experiment involving the red locus. The order of the three loci was determined to be red-Hk-1-Me, with map distances of 12.4±1.8 for red to Hk-1 and 7.0±1.3 for Hk-1 to Me.
Translation Alignment: Actor‐Network Theory, Resistance, and the Power Dynamics of Alliance in New Caledonia

: This study of resistance to multinational mining in New Caledonia expands actor-network theory's concept of translation by exploring ways that power dynamics affect alliances and the translations that both support and challenge them. Examining relationships among an indigenous protest group, environmentalist grassroots organizations, a human rights lawyer, the mining company, and the provincial government, I argue that power often requires alliances, mediated by compatible translations. However, if alliances are to succeed, at least temporarily, these translations must be made compatible through a process of translation alignment. Ironically, this alignment inevitably alters at least one of the translations, diminishing the power of the actor-network that articulated it to achieve its original goals. This paper's findings also enhance radical geographical understandings of capitalism's infrastructure, as uneven development increasingly relies upon—yet finds it increasingly difficult to achieve—the alignment of local communities’ translations with those of the agents of industry.
A bioluminescent cytotoxicity assay for assessment of membrane integrity using a proteolytic biomarker

Measurement of cell membrane integrity has been widely used to assess chemical cytotoxity. Several assays are available for determining cell membrane integrity including differential labeling techniques using neutral red and trypan blue dyes or fluorescent compounds such as propidium iodide. Other common methods for assessing cytotoxicity are enzymatic "release" assays which measure the extra-cellular activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenylate kinase (AK), or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in culture medium. However, all these assays suffer from several practical limitations, including multiple reagent additions, scalability, low sensitivity, poor linearity, or requisite washes and medium exchanges. We have developed a new cytotoxicity assay which measures the activity of released intracellular proteases as a result of cell membrane impairment. It allows for a homogenous, one-step addition assay with a luminescent readout. We have optimized and miniaturized this assay into a 1536-well format, and validated it by screening a library of known compounds from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) using HEK 293 and human renal mesangial cells by quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS). Several known and novel membrane disrupters were identified from the library, which indicates that the assay is robust and suitable for large scale library screening. This cytotoxicity assay, combined with the qHTS platform, allowed us to quickly and efficiently evaluate compound toxicities related to cell membrane integrity.
Error analysis and adaptivity in three-dimensional linear elasticity by the usual and hypersingular boundary contour method

Abstract Two related topics are addressed in this article. The first part of the article proves that, for a certain admissible class of problems in linear elasticity, the hypersingular boundary contour method (HBCM) can be collocated at all boundary points on the surface of a three-dimensional (3-D) body, including those on boundary contours, edges and corners, because the HBCM-shape-functions satisfy, a priori, all the smoothness requirements for collocation at these points. In contrast, the hypersingular boundary element method needs, in general, relaxation of some of these smoothness requirements for its shape functions, even for collocation at regular points that lie on the boundaries of boundary elements. A hypersingular residual, obtained from the standard and hypersingular boundary integral equations (HBIEs), has been recently proposed as a local error estimator for a boundary element, for the boundary integral equation. The second part in the present article is concerned with a definition of an analogous local error estimator for the boundary contour method, for 3-D linear elasticity. This error estimator is then used to drive an h-adaptive meshing procedure. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate adaptive meshing for selected example problems.
Walking the Walk: Integrating Lessons from Multiple Perspectives in the Development of an Accounting Ethics Course

ABSTRACT: The post‐Enron era shares an important similarity with previous time periods following high‐profile ethical lapses: post‐Enron, there have been clear calls for educators to increase ethic...
Effects of phytohaemagglutinin, wheat-germ agglutinin, and concanavalin-A on the physical state of sialic acid and membrane proteins in human erythrocyte ghosts: a spin label study.

Abstract Parallel experiments employing sialic acid- and protein specific spin labels have been performed to monitor the effects on the physical state of this carbohydrate and membrane proteins of human erythrocytes induced by the binding of three lectins, Phaseolus vulgaris phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Concanavalin-A (Con-A). PHA and WGA, both of which are known to bind at different sites on the principal sialoglycoprotein of human erythrocytes, glycophorin, had markedly different effects: compared to control values, PHA decreased the apparent correlation time of the sialic acid specific spin probe by 10% while this parameter was decreased by 33% by WGA. The protein specific spin label also monitored differential effects of these lectins: the relevant electron spin resonance parameter (the W/S ratio) was reduced 33% by PHA and increased by WGA over 17% from that of control values. Con-A, which is known to bind to the principal transmembrane protein, Band 3, had no effect on sialic acid or membrane proteins as assessed by the two spin labels employed. These results suggest that (1) the effects of binding of these different lectins, two of which bind to the same cell surface receptor, can be discriminated by use of spin labeling methods; (2) binding events occuring at the cell surface have distinct and pronounced effects on the physical state of proteins within the membrane; (3) the different results with PHA and WGA both of which bind to glycophorin are indicative of multiple and complex interactions of this glycoprotein with the membrane proteins in the erythrocyte; and (4) that the spin labelling technique has the potential to investigate the relationships between cell-surface binding events to membrane structural-functional interactions.
Distribution of Prohormone Convertase-6 Expression in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Effects of a Fasting-Refeeding Regimen and a High-Fat Diet on Ileal Prohormone Convertase-6 Expression

Proforms of gastrointestinal peptide hormones and neuropeptides are processed, in part, by prohormone convertases (PCs) to mature, biologically active peptides. The purpose of this study was to characterize the mRNA levels of PC-6 isoforms, PC-6A and PC-6B, in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of the rat, and to investigate the effects of a fasting and refeeding regimen, and a high-fat diet on ileal PC-6A expression. PC-6A mRNA is expressed throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract with the highest levels in the small intestine. Multiple-sized transcripts are present. PC-6B mRNA is expressed in the antrum and fundus of the stomach, in the small intestine, and colon. Ileal PC-6A mRNA expression increases significantly with fasting and then declines with refeeding toward control levels. Increased dietary fat increases PC-6A mRNA levels in the ileum. Since PC-6 is found throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, it is likely that PC-6 participates in the processing of proforms of gastrointestinal peptides. The two isoforms of PC-6 have different patterns of distribution in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, suggesting that they process proforms of different gut peptides.
Longitudinal stress responses to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in a New York metropolitan college sample

Stress responses to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks were investigated in a New York City metropolitan (NYC Metro) college sample 2 days, 1, 2, 3 and 8 months post-trauma. Stress responses from a Midwestern College sample were also assessed 2 days after the attack. Results revealed substantial stress responses in both groups 2 days post-trauma. Only small, but significant, differences between the NYC Metro group and the Midwestern group were found, with the NYC group reporting slightly higher stress scores on the Impact of Event Scale (Horowitz, Wilner, and Alvarez, 1979). The stress responses in the NYC Metro group decreased significantly over time, however, means 3 and 8 months post-trauma suggest that some individuals continued to experience considerable stress responses.
Selenium toxicity: a case of selenosis caused by a nutritional supplement.

Background: Selenium is a nonmetal element that serves vital roles in normal physiologic function. Substantial toxicity can occur with excessive selenium consumption. In March 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it had received reports of adverse reactions to over-the-counter liquid nutritional supplements marketed as Total Body Formula and Total Body Mega Formula (distributed by Total Body Essential Nutrition, Atlanta, Georgia) (1). A voluntary recall of these products was implemented. In May 2008, the FDA found substantially elevated selenium levels and modestly elevated chromium levels in the products (2).
Tetraspanin CD151 Is a Negative Regulator of FcεRI-Mediated Mast Cell Activation

Mast cells are critical in the pathogenesis of allergic disease due to the release of preformed and newly synthesized mediators, yet the mechanisms controlling mast cell activation are not well understood. Members of the tetraspanin family are recently emerging as modulators of FceRI-mediated mast cell activation; however, mechanistic understanding of their function is currently lacking. The tetraspanin CD151 is a poorly understood member of this family and is specifically induced on mouse and human mast cells upon FceRI aggregation but its functional effects are unknown. In this study, we show that CD151 deficiency significantly exacerbates the IgE-mediated late phase inflammation in a murine model of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Ex vivo, FceRI stimulation of bone marrow-derived mast cells from CD151(-/-) mice resulted in significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α compared with wild-type controls. However, FceRI-induced mast cell degranulation was unaffected. At the molecular signaling level, CD151 selectively regulated IgE-induced activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K, associated with cytokine production, but had no effect on the phospholipase Cγ1 signaling, associated with degranulation. Collectively, our data indicate that CD151 exerts negative regulation over IgE-induced late phase responses and cytokine production in mast cells.
POSSIBLE INVOLVEMENT OF NADPH OXIDASE AND JNK IN HOMOCYSTEINE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS

Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, although the mechanism leading to vascular dysfunction is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on oxi-dative stress and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were challenged for 24 h with Hcy (10 microM-3 mM) in the presence of various stress signaling inhibitors, including the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibitor apocynin (100 microM), the p38 mito-gen-activated protein kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2.5 microM), the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor U0126 (2.5 microM), the stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor JNK inhibitor II (10 microM), and antioxidants alpha-tocopherol (5 microg/mL) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC, 2 mM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using 5-(6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Apoptosis was evaluated by 4',6'-diamidino-2'-phenylindoladihydrochloride staining, annexin-V phosphatidyl- serine/propidium iodide, and caspase-3 assay. NADPH oxidase and SAPK/JNK signal were evaluated with immunoblotting. Hcy significantly enhanced ROS generation and apoptosis after 24-h incubation. Apocynin prevented Hcy-induced ROS generation but only partially restored Hcy-induced apoptosis. JNK inhibitor II, alpha-tocopherol, and NAC partially reduced Hcy-induced apoptosis, although SB203580 and U0126 had no effect. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed upregulation of NADPH oxidase and SAPK/JNK signaling. Collectively, our results suggested that Hcy may induce oxidative stress and apopto-sis through an NADPH oxidase and/or JNK-dependent mechanism(s).
Integrated Microwave Photonic Filter on a Hybrid Silicon Platform

A hybrid silicon photonic integrated filter is proposed and demonstrated with a novel structure. This filter incorporates a ring resonator in one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer making it possible to obtain a programmable filter response. The optical filter consists of a 5-mm-long delay loop made of low-loss silicon waveguides with integrated thermal modulators resulting in a 0.164-nm free spectral range with absolute phase tunability and gain elements that allow for the tuning of the filter factor. The microwave response of this integrated filter is measured and display tunability of 20 GHz.
Deficiency in the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling pathway confers susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury in mice.

Hyperoxia generates an oxidative stress in the mouse lung, which activates the major stress-inducible kinase pathways, including c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). We examined the effect of Jnk1 gene...
Optimal Oblivious Path Selection on the Mesh

In the oblivious path selection problem, each packet in the network independently chooses a path, which is an important property if the routing algorithm is to be independent of the traffic distribution. The quality of the paths is determined by the congestion, C, the maximum number of paths crossing an edge, and the dilation, D, the maximum path length. So far, the oblivious algorithms studied in the literature have focused on minimizing the congestion while ignoring the dilation. An open problem is to give algorithms for networks in which C and D can be controlled simultaneously. Here, we solve this problem for the d-dimensional mesh. We present an oblivious algorithm for which C and D are both within O(d2) of the optimal. The algorithm uses randomization and we show that the number of random bits required per packet is within O(d) of the minimum number of random bits required by any algorithm that obtains the same congestion. For a fixed d, our algorithm is asymptotically optimal.
Impact of scaling behavior on tropical cyclone intensities

[1] Theory suggests tropical cyclone maximum potential intensity increases with increasing ocean temperature. However, most tropical cyclones fail to achieve this maximum intensity. Instead, empirical studies suggest that tropical cyclone intensities are uniformly distributed between this maximum potential intensity and an intensity that marks the transition between tropical storm and hurricane scaling regimes. Here it is shown that this transition shifts significantly on interannual to interdecadal time scales in both the North Atlantic and Western North Pacific basins. The intensity at which this transition occurs effectively determines the fraction of tropical cyclones entering the hurricane scaling regime, and as such, strongly impacts the fraction of tropical cyclones that become intense. The increase in the fraction of intense tropical cyclones in recent decades results primarily from a shift in this scaling transition toward weaker winds rather than an increase in the maximum potential intensity directly attributable to rising sea surface temperatures. This scaling transition is shown to vary with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical cyclone main development regions relative to tropical mean SST anomalies, in contrast to the maximum potential intensity which varies with the SST itself.
The evolution of a rat model of chronic spontaneous limbic seizures

The evolution of untreated partial epilepsy is unknown. This study uses a newly developed model of chronic limbic epilepsy to determine whether seizures inexorably worsen in duration, frequency and behavioral accompaniment. The seizures begin following an episode of limbic status epilepticus induced by continuous electrical stimulation of the hippocampus, and they persist for more than a year (longest duration followed). We monitored 10 rats continuously with combined EEG and closed circuit television for 24 weeks following the first recorded spontaneous seizure. Seizure duration, behavioral accompaniment and frequency all intensified during the early stages, but the last 12-16 weeks of the study were characterized by a plateau for all measures. The results showed significant increases that occurred over the first 12 weeks only (P < 0.01 for duration and behavioral accompaniment, P < 0.05 for seizure frequency). These findings suggest that untreated epilepsy will undergo an early maturation process, but that once the seizures mature they remain stable over a prolonged period. It was also noted that 67% (P < 0.00001) of the seizures occurred during the day, suggesting that the sleep-wake cycle has a strong influence on the occurrence of seizures in this model of limbic epilepsy.
Computing Equilibria in Bimatrix Games by Parallel Support Enumeration

We consider the problem of computing all Nash equilibria in bimatrix games (i.e., nonzero-sum two-player noncooperative games). Computing all Nash equilibria for large bimatrix games using single-processor computers is not feasible due to the exponential time required by the existing algorithms. We consider the use of parallel computing which allows us to solve larger games. We design and implement a parallel algorithm for computing all Nash Equilibria in bimatrix games. The algorithm computes all Nash equilibria by searching all possible supports of mixed strategies. We perform experiments on a cluster computing system to evaluate the performance of the parallel algorithm.
Social likeability, conformity, and body talk: Does fat talk have a normative rival in female body image conversations?

Fat talk, dialogues among women involving negative body-focused discussions, was studied as a function of conformity and social likeability through the use of four vignettes depicting young women in conversation. Using a 2 (body presentation style of the group: negative or positive) × 2 (body presentation style of the target, Jenny: negative or positive) factorial design, 215 college women (92.1% non-Hispanic Caucasian) read one of four vignettes in a classroom setting and made ratings on a social likeability scale. Participants’ personal ratings of Jenny's likeability were higher when she spoke positively about her body, whereas they expected the other group members in the vignette to like Jenny more when she conformed to the group's body presentation style. This study is the first to support two competing norms for women's body image—the existing norm to fat talk versus a newly documented norm that some women like others who express body acceptance.
'Footprinting' proteins on DNA with peroxonitrous acid.

Theperoxonitrite anion(ONOO-) isa stable species inalkaline solution thatquickly generates a strong oxidant atneutral pH.Aconvenient procedure forthe preparation ofONOOK hasbeendeveloped basedon theprocedure ofKeith &Powell [(1969) J.Chem.Soc. A,90],whichwhenaddedtoa sampleofduplex DNA buffered atneutral pH rapidly generates a strong oxidant capable ofnonspecifically cleaving theDNA present. Weshowthat this solution containing ONOOK can beusedtohydroxyl radical footprint thebinding thecl-repressor (cl) ofphage X withtheright operator, OR.Inaddition, we showthattheindividual-site binding isotherms determined byquantitative DNase 1,Fe-EDTAandONOOKfootprinting areidentical within experimental error.Theidentical isotherms obtained withthethreedifferent reagents withgreatly differing sampling timesindicates thatthesampling timeofthe footprinting probeneednotbeshortrelative tothe kinetic dissociation constants that govern protein-DNA interactions.
Evidence for the Bifunctional Nature of Mitochondrial Phosphatidylserine Decarboxylase: Role in Pdr3-Dependent Retrograde Regulation of PDR5 Expression

Multidrug resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is sensitive to the mitochondrial genome status of cells. Cells that lose their organellar genome ([rho(0)] cells) dramatically induce transcription of multiple or pleiotropic drug resistance genes via increased expression of a zinc cluster-containing transcription factor designated Pdr3. A major Pdr3 target gene is the ATP-binding cassette transporter-encoding gene PDR5. Pdr5 has been demonstrated to act as a phospholipid floppase catalyzing the net outward movement of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Since the mitochondrially localized Psd1 enzyme provides a major route of PE biosynthesis, we evaluated the potential linkage between Psd1 function and PDR5 regulation. Overproduction of Psd1 in wild-type ([rho(+)]) cells was found to induce PDR5 transcription and drug resistance in a Pdr3-dependent manner. Loss of the PSD1 gene from [rho(0)] cells prevented the normal activation of PDR5 expression. Surprisingly, expression of a catalytically inactive form of Psd1 still supported PDR5 transcriptional activation, suggesting that PE levels were not the signal triggering PDR5 induction. Expression of green fluorescent protein fusions mapped the region required to induce PDR5 expression to the noncatalytic amino-terminal portion of Psd1. Psd1 is a novel bifunctional protein required both for PE biosynthesis and regulation of multidrug resistance.
Empires, Frontiers, Filibusters, and Pioneers: The Transnational World of John Sutter

This article reassesses John Sutter's role in borderlands history as a destabilizing influence in Mexican California and model for filibusters of the 1850s. Nominally a Mexican citizen, his national loyalties were slippery. In effect, Sutter was an independent filibuster before 1846; californios and the Mexican government regarded him as such. After 1848 his contributions to the American settlement and conquest of California (suitably sanitized and mythologized) made him a pioneer hero who had shown filibusters what might be done in Latin America with a small army and a lot of swagger. Sutter approved and supported Central American filibusters in the 1850s; at least one of his sons fought with filibusters. One of the most colorful characters in the history of the American West, Sutter had eccentricities and personal failings that make him easy to parody. This article shows him in a more serious light. His actions in California had lasting importance there and repercussions elsewhere in Latin America.
Evaluation of Postceliotomy Peritoneal Drain Fluid Volume, Cytology, and Blood-to-Peritoneal Fluid Lactate and Glucose Differences in Normal Dogs

Objective: To describe peritoneal drain fluid volume, fluid cytology, and blood-to-peritoneal fluid lactate and glucose concentration differences after exploratory celiotomy in normal dogs. Study Design: Prospective study. Animals: Healthy Beagle dogs (n=10). Methods: After exploratory celiotomy, a peritoneal drain was placed, and peritoneal fluid was recorded every 6 hours for 7 days. Fluid was submitted for cytologic examination, and fluid and blood glucose and lactate concentrations were recorded every 12 hours. On day 7, drains were removed and drain tips submitted for aerobic bacterial culture. Results: Mean peritoneal fluid volume decreased from 2.8 mL/kg/day (day 1) to 0.6 mL/kg/day (day 7). All dogs had degenerate neutrophils in peritoneal fluid throughout the 7 days. Four dogs developed contaminated drains. Blood-to-peritoneal glucose concentration differences>20 mg/dL occurred after day 4. By day 7, 5 of 7 dogs with patent drains had blood-to-peritoneal lactate concentration differences<−2 mmol/L. Conclusion: After day 4, blood-to-peritoneal glucose concentration differences were consistent with septic effusion based on previously reported values used to diagnose septic peritonitis in dogs. Blood-to-peritoneal lactate concentration differences varied but after day 4, >70% of dogs had differences consistent with septic peritonitis each day. Postoperative blood-to-peritoneal fluid glucose and lactate difference may not be reliable indicators of septic peritonitis when evaluating abdominal fluid collected with closed suction drains.
Critical Thinking Sources and Information for Community College Educators.

This chapter contains relevant information and resources about critical thinking for community college faculty, staff, and administrators who endeavor to implement new or strengthen existing critical thinking capabilities on their campus
Post‐Assembly Stabilization of Rationally Designed DNA Crystals

This manuscript reports an effort to stabilize self-assembled DNA crystals. Owing to their weak inter-unit cohesion, self-assembled DNA crystals are fragile, which limits the potential applications of such crystals. To overcome this problem, another molecule was introduced, which binds to the cohesive sites and stabilizes the inter-unit interactions. The extra interactions greatly improve the stability of the DNA crystals. The original DNA crystals are only stable in solutions of high ionic strength (e.g., ≥1.2 M (NH4)2SO4); in contrast, the stabilized crystals can be stable at ionic strengths as low as that of a 0.02 M solution of (NH4)2SO4. The current strategy is expected to represent a general approach for increasing the stability of self-assembled DNA nanostructures for potential applications, for example, as structural scaffolds and molecular sieves.
Rat virus (RV) infection in fetal and pregnant hamsters.

Conclusions1. RV injected into pregnant hamsters during early stages of gestation has a predilection for tissues associated with the gravid uterus and embryo, reaching significantly higher titers in 4 days as compared to control tissues, then decreasing as maternal antibody levels begin to rise. 2. Direct intraembryonic injection of RV into fetal hamsters on the 12th or 13th day of gestation produces fetal death at, or soon after, parturition. 3. Following intravenous injection, RV causes no apparent ill-effect on either the maternal or embryonic tissues.
The Scope of Our Affective Influences: When and How Naturally Occurring Positive, Negative, and Neutral Affects Alter Judgment

To determine how naturally arising affect alters judgment, we examined whether (a) affective states exert a specific, rather than a general, influence on valenced-specific judgments; (b) neutral affect is associated with increased neutral judgments, independent of positive, negative, and ambivalent affects, and whether neutral judgments are associated with behavioral disengagement; and (c) the informational value of naturally arising states may be difficult to alter via salience and relevance manipulations. The results support several conclusions: (a) Affective states exerted a judgment-specific effect-positive affect was most strongly associated with positive judgments, negative affect with negative judgments, and neutral affect with neutral judgments. (b) Neutral affect influenced judgments, taking into account positive, negative, and ambivalent affects; and neutral judgments predicted behavioral disengagement. (c) With the exception of negative affect, naturally arising affective states typically influenced judgments regardless of their salience and relevance.
Cidadania Europeia e Propriedade Intelectual - Os Estados e as Pessoas (European Citizenship and Intellectual Property - The States and the Persons)

Portuguese Abstract: O artigo aborda a relacao entre cidadania europeia e propriedade intelectual. Trata do efeito da regra de nao-discriminacao no principio do tratamento nacional e de algumas relacoes entre direitos fundamentais e a proteccao da propriedade intelectual.English Abstract: This article deals with some aspects of the relationship between European Citizenship and Intellectual Property. It approaches the effect of the European non-discrimination rule on the international rule of national treatment and the impact of fundamental rights on Intellectual Property protection.
The Role of PPARγ in Pulmonary Vascular Disease

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Thiazolidinediones, pharmacological ligands for PPARγ, are currently used in the management of type 2 diabetes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is expressed in the lung and pulmonary vasculature, and its expression is reduced in the vascular lesions of patients with pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, thiazolidinedione PPARγ ligands reduced pulmonary hypertension and vascular remodeling in several experimental models of pulmonary hypertension. This report reviews current evidence that PPARγ may represent a novel therapeutic target in pulmonary hypertension and examines studies that have begun to elucidate mechanisms that underlie these potential therapeutic effects.
First aid and nursing of pneumothorax induced by mechanical ventilation on neonates

Objective To explore the measures of first aid and nursing of pneumothorax on neonates induced by mechanical ventilation.Method The first aid and nursing of pneumothorax induced by mechanical ventilation in 7 cases of neonates from 2001 to 2005 were reviewed and summarized.The key points of the first aid and nursing included judgment of pneumothorax,preparation of first-aid medicine and equipment,cooperation of thoracic puncture and drainage operation post-operation nursing,and management of respiratory tract,etc.Results 5 patients were cured,1 dead,and 1 discharged by her parents' demandment.Conclusion The key points of prevention and treatment of pneumothorax are identifying the high risk factors of pneumothorax on neonates induced by mechanical ventilation,early judgment,emergency first medical care.
99Tc(VII) Retardation, Reduction, and Redox Rate Scaling in Naturally Reduced Sediments

An experimental and modeling study was conducted to investigate pertechnetate (Tc(VII)O4(-)) retardation, reduction, and rate scaling in three sediments from Ringold formation at U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford site, where (99)Tc is a major contaminant in groundwater. Tc(VII) was reduced in all the sediments in both batch reactors and diffusion columns, with a faster rate in a sediment containing a higher concentration of HCl-extractable Fe(II). Tc(VII) migration in the diffusion columns was reductively retarded with retardation degrees correlated with Tc(VII) reduction rates. The reduction rates were faster in the diffusion columns than those in the batch reactors, apparently influenced by the spatial distribution of redox-reactive minerals along transport paths that supplied Tc(VII). X-ray computed tomography and autoradiography were performed to identify the spatial locations of Tc(VII) reduction and transport paths in the sediments, and results generally confirmed the newly found behavior of reaction rate changes from batch to column. The results from this study implied that Tc(VII) migration can be reductively retarded at Hanford site with a retardation degree dependent on reactive Fe(II) content and its distribution in sediments. This study also demonstrated that an effective reaction rate may be faster in transport systems than that in well-mixed reactors.
The Prevention of Breast Cancer by Subcutaneous Mastectomy

It is the author’s contention that fibrocystic disease is a frequent precursor of breast cancer and bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy should be performed prophylactically. The breast may be reconstructed, immediately or in future, using a breast prosthesis.
SU 2 as a classical invariance group

The two-dimensional classical harmonic oscillator and Kepler systems possess integrals of the motion generating the algebra ofSU2. It is shown by explicit classical construction that the only two-dimensional classical system described by a HamiltonianH=T+V which is invariant underSU2 is the isotropic harmonic oscillator. The group for the Kepler system is then necessarilyO2. The meaning of this in terms of the particle orbits is discussed.
Photo bleaching in Sm2+ selectively doped epitaxial CaF2 films

Abstract We present a study on the bleaching properties of Sm 2+ doped epitaxial CaF 2 films. Previously, the Sm 2+ emission in these films has been found to bleach partially under optical excitation. For a detailed investigation of the bleaching mechanism, single crystal CaF 2 films were grown on Si(111) surfaces by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and were selectively doped with Sm 2+ ions at various distances from the semiconductor/insulator interface. A correlation between the bleaching rate and the distance from the insulator-semiconductor interface could not been found. In addition, we find that the bleaching rate depends linearly on the intensity of the optical excitation and that the shape of the emission line is not altered during the bleaching process. Our results are discussed in the framework of photoionization due to excited-state absorption, tunneling of excited electrons into the semiconductor substrate, and the role of lattice defects.
Strober: fast and accurate sample-based energy simulation for arbitrary RTL

This paper presents a sample-based energy simulation methodology that enables fast and accurate estimations of performance and average power for arbitrary RTL designs. Our approach uses an FPGA to simultaneously simulate the performance of an RTL design and to collect samples containing exact RTL state snapshots. Each snapshot is then replayed in gate-level simulation, resulting in a workload-specific average power estimate with confidence intervals. For arbitrary RTL and workloads, our methodology guarantees a minimum of four-orders-of-magnitude speedup over commercial CAD gate-level simulation tools and gives average energy estimates guaranteed to be within 5% of the true average energy with 99% confidence. We believe our open-source sample-based energy simulation tool Strober can not only rapidly provide ground truth for more abstract power models, but can enable productive design-space exploration early in the RTL design process.
Case 3: Chest Pain and Syncope in an 11-year-old Boy.

1. Shelley N. Hancock, MD* 2. Veronica Armijo-Garcia, MD* 1. *UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX. An 11-year-old previously healthy boy is hit in the chest while playing tag with friends and develops acute chest pain and dyspnea, followed by a brief syncopal episode. He is brought to a rural emergency department by his parents with no intervention on scene and subsequently transferred to a pediatric trauma center for suspected cardiac contusion. Review of systems indicates that he has been in good health and is physically active. The only finding of note on his past medical history is seasonal allergies and an episode of pharyngitis 1.5 years ago that was sufficiently severe to require administration of intramuscular antibiotics. There is no family history of cardiac diseases or sudden death. Physical examination shows a well-developed boy in respiratory distress with mild petechiae isolated to his chest. His temperature is 37.4°C (99.3°F), heart rate is 140 beats per minute, respiratory rate is 40 breaths per minute, blood pressure is 117/55 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation is 85% on nonrebreather mask. He is intubated for work of breathing and hypoxia. Cardiac examination reveals normal heart sounds and no murmur. He has normal radial pulses but faint pedal pulses with delayed capillary refill. There is no hepatomegaly. Breath sounds are coarse bilaterally. The remainder of the physical examination findings are normal. Arterial blood gas studies show:
Consumer Health Information Services and Programs: Best Practices, edited by M. Sandra Wood

Does your library do a good job of meeting consumer health information needs? Do you see a health problem in your community but wonder how to solve it? M. Sandra Wood’s new book, Consumer Health In...
Biological control of human disease vectors: a perspective on challenges and opportunities

Chemical insecticides are the mainstay of contemporary control of human disease vectors. However, the spread of insecticide resistance and the emergence of new disease threats are creating an urgent need for alternative tools. This perspective paper explores whether biological control might be able to make a greater contribution to vector control in the future, and highlights some of the challenges in taking a technology from initial concept through to operational use. The aim is to stimulate a dialogue within biocontrol and vector control communities, in order to make sure that biological control tools can realize their full potential.
24–71 GHz PCB array for 5G/ISM

Millimeter-wave 5G mobile architectures need to consolidate disparate frequency bands into a single, multifunctional array. Existing arrays are either narrow-band, prohibitively expensive or cannot be scaled to these frequencies. In this paper, we present the first ultra-wideband millimeter-wave array to operate across six 5G and ISM bands spanning 24–71 GHz. Importantly, the array is realized using low-cost PCB. The paper presents the design and optimized layout, and discusses fabrication and measurements.