cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An ultrastructural study of the mechanisms of platelet-endotoxin interaction.

Electron microscopy has confirmed previous studies and has provided much new information on the mechanism of endotoxin-platelet interaction. The Boivin lipopolysaccharide preparation is particulate, and on electron microscope examination appears as a three-layered structure, morphologically similar to bacterial cell wall. In vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated that these endotoxin particles adhere to platelets. In some species, particularly the rabbit, this is associated with loss of platelet contents, due to lysosomal and cell membrane lysis, resulting in platelet sphering and apparent cell death. Serial observation of degranulating platelets and metabolic studies indicate that although some platelet engulfment of endotoxin occurs, degranulation is not dependent upon phagocytosis. Several observations suggest that these endotoxin effects are mediated through immune mechanisms: (1) Inactivation of complement in the suspending plasma by heating to 56°C, anticoagulation with EDTA, a reaction temperature of 5°C, ammonium hydroxide incubation, and adsorption with either zymosan or washed antigen-antibody complexes, inhibits both endotoxin adherence and platelet degranulation. (2) The reaction requires a plasma cofactor, possibly antibody, which can be adsorbed out by endotoxin. (3) Endotoxin adheres selectively to nonprimate platelets and primate red cells, a pattern conforming to immune adherence, a phenomenon requiring antigen, antibody, and complement. It is suggested that endotoxin-induced platelet damage is dependent upon the intimate contact provided by immune adherence. We have not established whether degranulation is an endotoxin or complement effect. The species variation in susceptibility to endotoxin also merits further investigation.
Perioperative and long-term operative outcomes after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: microvascular decompression vs percutaneous balloon ablation

Numerous medical and surgical therapies have been utilized to treat the symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). This retrospective study compares patients undergoing either microvascular decompression or balloon ablation of the trigeminal ganglion and determines which produces the best long-term outcomes. A 10-year retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD) or percutaneous balloon ablation (BA) surgery for TN. Demographic data, intraoperative variables, length of hospitalization and symptom improvement were assessed along with complications and recurrences of symptoms after surgery. Appropriate statistical comparisons were utilized to assess differences between the two surgical techniques. MVD patients were younger but were otherwise similar to BA patients. Intraoperatively, twice as many BA patients developed bradycardia compared to MVD patients. 75% of BA patients with bradycardia had an improvement of symptoms. Hospital stay was shorter in BA patients but overall improvement of symptoms was better with MVD. Postoperative complication rates were similar (21% vs 26%) between the BA and MVD groups. MVD produced better overall outcomes compared to BA and may be the procedure of choice for surgery to treat TN.
Characterizing indoor wireless channels via ray tracing combined with stochastic modeling

We investigate the reliability of radio channel simulators in predicting channel responses throughout a well-specified environment. Indoor environments for which the geometric layout and material properties of surfaces are known lend themselves to such site-specific simulation. We assess the performance of this approach by comparing its predictions with measurements in a specific static environment. The good agreement on path loss, Ricean K-factor and RMS delay spread, over the set of paths measured and simulated, suggests that a well-designed radio simulator can be used reliably to predict system behavior. Typically, wireless channel models obtained through this or similar techniques do not capture the temporal variability in the channel response due to people movement in the environment. We treat the time-varying part of the channel response using stochastic processes. Using channel sounding experiments for several typical office scenarios, we show that autoregressive processes can be used to model the time-varying tap gains for several different motion scenarios.
Effect of Antibiotics on Turkey Herpesvirus Vaccine

Abstract In this study it was found that chlortetracycline, erythromycin phosphate and oxytetracycline hydrochloride have a deleterious effect on the turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine. Dihydrostreptomycin sulfate, neomycin sulfate, potassium penicillin G, spectinomycin dihydrochloride pentahydrate and tylosin tartrate were found to be compatible with the HVT vaccine; however, these antibiotics should be used with caution. With the exception of tylosin tartrate, no attempt was made to determine the efficacy of any of the antibiotics. No beneficial results were obtained when the tylosin tartrate-HVT vaccine was injected into one-day-old chicks from parent flocks with Mycoplasma synoviae because of the small number of birds with air sac lesions. Also it did not appear that there were any added benefits as a result of injecting chicks with tylosin tartrate at one day of age. The authors do not endorse the use of any of these antibiotics with HVT vaccine and strongly suggest that no antibiotics or other vaccines be mixed with the HVT vaccine.
An Introduction to Fasting, Starvation, and Food Limitation

Thomas Malthus (An Essay on The Principle of Population, 1798) famously summarized the grim hysteresis between food limitation and the growth of human populations two decades before the word ‘Biology’ was ever used in the English language (Marston Bates’ The Forest and the Sea: a Look at the Economy of Nature and the Nature of Man, 1960). Over the subsequent two centuries biologists have documented the prevalence of food limitation in all types of animals confirming that humans are not particularly unique in this regard. Food limitation and its most dramatic outcome—death from starvation—are not new phenomena and date back to the dawn of heterotrophy. In fact a growing body of evidence suggests that deaths from starvation contributed to some of the greatest mass extinctions in Earth’s history. Despite both the antiquity and ubiquity of food limitation certain lineages of animals were apparently able to persist. Comparative physiologists are now charged with exploring the various adaptations that enable different types of animals to survive and often flourish in the face of food limitation.
Comparison of 22-oxacalcitriol and 1,25(OH)2D3 on bone metabolism in young X-linked hypophosphatemic male mice.

Using a mouse model (Hyp) of human hypophosphatemic vitamin D-resistant rickets [X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH)], we compared the effects of 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (OCT) and 1,25-dihydrox...
Chronic Idiopathic Hyperphosphatasia Associated with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

Chronic idiopathic hyperphtsphitasia is a rare disease of childhtod characterized by generalized cortical thickening of the long bones and skull, resulting in marked bone deformities, and by a sustained elevated serum alkaline phosphatase value. The roentgenographc and pathological findings in this disease were indistinguishable from adult Paget's disease of bone. The associated pseudoxanthoma elasticum in the presented case may reflect a common underlying defect in these two diseases.
Commentary on Thomas and Epstein: “Bone Marrow Transplantation in Acute Leukemia”

See related article by Thomas and Epstein, [Cancer Res 1965;25:1521–4][1] . Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary [timeline][2]. Fifty years ago, Dr. E.D. Thomas and Dr. R.B. Epstein published the intellectual and scientific basis for the use of high-dose cytotoxic therapy, specifically
Food-grade Dye Injection: A Novel Alerting Mechanism for Consumers Warning of Drinking Water Contamination

In the event of contamination of a water distribution system, effective actions must be taken by the utility operators to protect public health. Food-grade dye injection is a public notification means that discourages people from consuming potentially contaminated water. This article investigates applicability of this response action and demonstrates its performance on a realistic water distribution system. The emergency response is formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem for the minimization of risks to life with minimum false public warning and execution cost. Dye injection locations, loading, and timing are treated as optimization decision variables and sensitivity analyses are performed on number of injection locations, response delay, and contamination event characteristics. The results of this study indicate the proposed modeling framework will be useful for the management of contamination events for diverse types of contaminant agents. Moreover, it does not cause interruption of firefighting and unintended damages to the system.
Flow Control Research and Applications at the AFRL's Air Vehicles Directorate

This paper summarizes many of the Air Vehicles Directorate’s activities in flow control. Recent and current projects are reviewed, and an attempt is made to forecast future activities and air vehicle applications for flow control. Our ultimate objective is to identify and develop flow control sub-systems that can effectively and efficiently improve the performance of air vehicle systems. These schemes must not only buy their way onto the aircraft by improving performance, but must do so in an uncomplicated, maintainable, and dependable manner. While this emphasis on matchmaking between methods, devices, and applications will be maintained, research in promising higher risk methods of flow control is often warranted, given that they may provide revolutionary performance improvements for future air vehicles. There are several hubs of flow control activity in the Air Vehicles Directorate, and this paper attempts to capture the essence of the research and development pursuits in each of these groups. The projects described are being accomplished through a combination of in-house, contracted, and cooperative efforts, with team members from the airframers, small businesses, and academia.
A STOCHASTIC SIMULATION STUDY ON SPECIATION BY SEXUAL SELECTION.

A two-locus multi-allele sexual isolation model incorporating mutation and genetic drift which was first proposed by Nei et al. (1983) is studied here. One locus controls the male mating character, and the other controls female receptivity. All females are assumed to have equal mating success. Therefore, the frequencies of female receptivity alleles are changed by mutation, drift, and hitchhiking with male character alleles. Without hitchhiking, development of sexual isolation between allopatric populations proceeds faster in smaller populations, as expected. The hitchhiking effect, by triggering the mutual reinforcement of mating behavior of both sexes (or the runaway process, Fisher [1958]), speeds up the evolution of sexual isolation significantly. For populations with 2Nv ≤ 0.2 (N = population size, ν = mutation rate), the rates of divergence all approach the maximum possible rate. Sympatric sexual isolation develops quite frequently if two favorable conditions are met: 1) There is no selection on female phenotype (except in some limited cases), and 2) The population size is large enough to carry several female receptivity alleles. Because of stochastic factors, these alleles may lead to the formation of two discrete groups of females, each group receptive to males of different mating characters. The formation of sympatric sexually-isolated groups is also aided significantly, at the incipient stage, by the runaway process.
‘Best love’: Female impersonation in the Great War:

For decades, scholarship on the Great War (World War I) noted moments of cross-dressing as mere entertainment, one of the strange absurdities that the war produced without any consideration of the gendered and sexual components of such displays. More recently, scholars have focused on the homoerotics of men performing for other men. In contrast, this article suggests that female impersonation during the Great War allowed for the existence of pleasures resistant to categorization. It argues that female impersonation allowed for a rich cultural lexicon based on ambiguity. By using postcards, letters, and descriptions published during the war and shortly after, the author shows that female impersonation allowed men – as both impersonators and audience – to experience a pleasurable dissociation in an environment defined by passivity and alienation.
Application of Analytics to Big Data in Healthcare

In the current age of smart phones and wearable devices, vast amounts of patient health data files forming Big Data are being placed into large databases where they can be accessed by multiple users including doctors, caregivers and patients. The estimated spending on healthcare in 2015 in the U.S. is around $3.2 trillion, which triggers the question of improvement of patient care while containing the costs. The objective of the present study is to review a few applications of analytics of Big Data in the healthcare field and the associated outcomes. Big Data is generally characterized by the volume, velocity, variety and veracity of complex data. Many hospitals have applied analytics to big data from various sources including patient health records to achieve overall improvement in healthcare. Operationally, most of the pertinent data of patients are made available on demand so doctors can see how other treatments have worked globally and apply relevant results to facilitate better decision making and interventions. Making proper use of big data analytics in healthcare can lead to improvement in care delivery coupled with significant cost savings. Concurrent challenges to be addressed include accessibility, privacy, security, usability, implementation costs, transportability, interoperability, and standardization. In conclusion, employing efficient and streamlined analytics to big data will contribute to quick and accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment, reduced costs and improved overall healthcare quality.
Climate adaptation in cities: What trees are suitable for urban heat management?

Abstract Vegetative enhancement in the form of tree planting has been found to be a highly effective strategy for cooling urban environments, yet as cities continue to warm, the suitability of urban environments for some tree species is changing with shifting hardiness zones. Trees are assigned to hardiness zones, which are based on the average annual minimum temperature that a species can thrive. In recent decades, human induced global warming has shifted the location of hardiness zones across the United States. Our study examines the historical range of ∼200 common US tree species and how climate change-induced shifts in hardiness zones are affecting historical tree ranges in 20 highly populated metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) with high rates of urban heat island growth over time. MSAs are areas with at least one urban area of 50,000 or more people and adjoining territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core. We found 6 of the 20 MSAs lost tree species, with the Atlanta (13.51%) and Washington DC (3.61%) MSAs suffering the greatest losses. If historical rates of hardiness zone migration continue, a simple projection exhibits >6% average tree species loss across all MSAs in the study. As hardiness zones continue to migrate northward with climate change, heat island mitigation and other environmental management strategies employing green infrastructure must identify tree species that are likely to remain well adapted to urban climates many years into the future.
Exposure of Human Neutrophils to Exogenous Nucleotides Causes Elevation in Intracellular Calcium, Transmembrane Calcium Fluxes, and an Alteration of a Cytosolic Factor Resulting in Enhanced Superoxide Production in Response to FMLP and Arachidonic Acid

Exposure of human neutrophils to micromolar concentrations of both hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable purine nucleotides caused the generation of transient rises in intracellular calcium (Ca2+), Ca2+ fluxes across the membrane, and primed the cells for enhanced production of superoxide (O2-) when subsequently exposed to agonists such as FMLP and arachidonic acid. The neutrophils were most sensitive to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ATP-gamma-S, which produced Ca2+ transients and enhanced O2- production at concentrations as low as 1 to 5 mumol/L, with a doubling of O2- generation at 25 to 50 mumol/L. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), guanosine triphosphate (GTP), and 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) required approximately 10-fold higher concentrations to cause similar effects. Adenosine did not cause Ca2+ fluxes or a Ca2+ transient and was inhibitory of O2- production. There was a strong correlation between a nucleotide's ability to generate a Ca2+ response and its ability to enhance O2- generation. Nitrogen cavitation and subcellular fractionation of the neutrophils after a brief exposure to ATP, ATP-gamma-S, and AMP-PNP revealed that the enhanced O2- generating capacity was stable and detectable in a cell-free assay system. By combining variously treated cytosolic and membrane fractions, it was found that the enhanced O2- production was attributable to a modification of a component(s) of the cytosol.
Vegetation canopy cover effects on sediment erosion processes in the Upper Colorado River Basin Mancos Shale formation, Price, Utah, USA

Abstract This study investigated erosion processes on the highly erosive, saline soils of the Mancos Shale formation in the Price-San Rafael River Basin in Utah, USA. Rainfall simulations were performed at two sites using a Walnut Gulch rainfall simulator with a variety of slope angles and rainfall intensities. The Rangeland Hydrology Erosion Model (RHEM) was calibrated to provide unbiased estimates of discharge and sediment load in runoff at each site. RHEM simulated the inter-plot variability best at the site with higher slope angles, vegetation cover, and sediment loads. The calibrated surface erosion parameters in RHEM (Kss, Kω) were substantially greater than any published in prior studies from non-saline environments. The spatial distribution of vegetation canopy cover was quantified using photogrammetric modeling and landscape pattern metrics. As the patches of vegetation became more contiguous and the tortuosity of the bare soil area increased, RHEM over-predicted sediment output, suggesting that vegetation-driven spatial heterogeneity influenced erosion in a way that is not captured by the model.
Mental engagement during cognitive and psychomotor tasks: Effects of task type, processing demands, and practice

Measures of heart rate variability (HRV) are hypothesized to provide indices of mental engagement (ME). HRV and perceived workload were measured to determine whether ME is moderated by task type, processing demands, and practice. Twenty four (22±3yrs.) participants were assigned to groups that performed either two executive-processing (EF) tasks or two non-executive processing (NEF) tasks. Across 3 sessions, participants practiced a cognitive computer-based cognitive task and a psychomotor task. HR was recorded for 5-min epochs before and during each task; workload ratings were recorded following each task. ANOVAs revealed that participants' HRV decreased when performing cognitive and psychomotor tasks; the decline was greater, however, for NEF tasks. Over sessions, HRV increased during EF but not NEF tasks; workload scores lessened during EF but not NEF tasks. ME was intensified when participants learned novel cognitive and psychomotor tasks; however, the intensity level depended on the task, and its maintenance was altered with practice.
Aban-donner: The Maternal in Le jour où je n’étais pas là

Laurie Corbin reads Helene Cixous’s Le jour ou je n’etais pas la as a deeply personal reflection on what is a fiercely contested concept in many societies: the responsibility of the mother. In her analysis, Corbin discusses the mother–child relationship as emblematic of how human responsibility to others may be figured by the concepts of abandoning and giving. She notes that this text not only continues Cixous’s work on le don, a concept central to her views on femininity since her early essays, but also participates in a discourse on the maternal shaped over the course of the twentieth century by such diverse thinkers as Sigmund Freud, Melanie Klein, Simone de Beauvoir, and Luce Irigaray.
Treatment Using Landscape Drip Dispersal

Drip dispersal of wastewater into shallow soil beneath the landscape surface is an adaptation of drip irrigation, a high efficiency watering technique used to support plant growth. Landscape drip dispersal can be used for wastewater treatment while also achieving beneficial recovery of water and nutrients for irrigation purposes. This chapter presents the principles and processes involved in drip dispersal and considerations important for design and implementation of a landscape drip dispersal unit within a decentralized system.
Quick eviction of virtual machines through proactive live snapshots

Cloud computing platforms routinely use virtualization to improve service availability, resiliency, and flexibility. Live migration of Virtual Machines (VM) is a key technique to quickly migrate workloads in response to events such as impending failure or load changes. Despite extensive research, state-of-the-art live migration approaches take a long time to migrate a VM (in the order of tens of seconds for moderately sized VMs) which in turn negatively impacts the application performance during migration. We present Quick Eviction, a new approach to significantly speed up the eviction of a VM from the source host with low impact on VM's performance during migration. Our approach can also improve the effectiveness of VM resilience tools that back up a VM's state in anticipation of system failures. The insight behind Quick Eviction is that the majority of time to evict a VM during migration is due to the transfer of memory contents over the network, sometimes repeatedly. Before migration, Quick Eviction regularly snapshots the VM's memory to a destination or a failover node. During the actual migration, Quick Eviction has to transfer only a small amount of dirtied memory resulting in a very short time to completely evict the VM out of the source. The key challenge is to dynamically adapt the snapshot intervals so as to have minimal impact on application performance during migration. We show that our implementation of Quick Eviction in the KVM/QEMU platform reduces the eviction time of a VM by significant factors for both idle and write-intensive VMs compared to traditional pre-copy algorithm, while maintaining low overheads on application performance and network.
Cross-study analysis of factors affecting algae cultivation in recycled medium for biofuel production

Abstract Current high costs of commercial-scale algal biofuel production prevent the widespread use of this renewable fuel source. One cost-saving approach is the reuse of algae cultivation water after biomass harvesting, which reduces water pumping and treatment costs. However, dissolved compounds, cell debris, and microorganisms remaining in the water could affect subsequent algae generations. Previous studies demonstrate a variety of effects of recycled medium on algae growth, yet their results have not been collectively analyzed. Here we integrate data across 86 studies to determine the relative importance of different factors influencing algae growth in recycled medium. We found that algae taxa can have the greatest influence, while the harvesting method is less influential on growth outcomes. This meta-analysis identifies favorable taxa and thus provides a tool for algae cultivation decision-making when medium reuse is an important driver. Results can also aid in estimating relative algae yield and growth rates for technoeconomic assessments that incorporate water recycling.
Polvo en la tierra: la poesía temprana de Susana March

The first poetry production of the Barcelonian writer Susana March (1915-1990) who belonged to the 36’ Generation is hereby studied. Her most abundant poetry production belongs to the 1938- 1953 period. Economical poverty problems torced her and her husband Ricardo Fernandez de la Reguera to produce a comercial type literatura. Her poem collections: Rutas, Poemas de la Plaza Real and La pasion desvelada are analysed.
Prevention and Management of OHSS

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is one of the most frequent and life-threatening complications of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). OHSS is characterized by increased capillary permeability and resulting fluid shifts into the abdominal cavity that is in large part mediated by the overexpression of vascular endothelial factor (VEGF) in the overstimulated ovary.
Counterbalanced Comparison of the BSID-II and Bayley-III at Eighteen to Twenty-two Months Corrected Age.

ABSTRACT:Objective:To evaluate differences in developmental assessments using the current version of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley-III) as compared to the older BSID-II. Previous studies suggest that average scores on the Bayley-III may be significantly higher than scores on the pr
Design and optimization of a strong PUF exploiting sneak paths in resistive cross-point array

In this paper, we propose a novel design of strong Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) leveraging the sneak paths in the resistive cross-point (X-point) array for device authentication. The entanglement of the sneak paths in the X-point array greatly enhances the entropy of the physical system, thereby increasing the space of challenge-response pairs (CRPs). “Digital” resistance distribution in X-point array is employed to eliminate the undesired collision or diffuseness when “analog” resistance distribution is used. The X-point PUF's characteristics are evaluated on the 128×128 cross-point arrays by SPICE simulation. The simulation results show that the on-state resistance (Ron) activity affects the PUF's performance and 4% is shown as an optimized design in terms of large reference current (Iref) tolerance range. In addition, the X-point PUF presents no correlation between challenges and responses, showing improved security.
The Tension between Psychology and Theology: The Etymological Roots:

The author asserts that one source of the tension between psychology and Christian theology lies in the historical anthropological debates concerning the relationship between spirit and soul. The a...
Correction to: Modification of Potato Steroidal Glycoalkaloids with Silencing RNA Constructs

Due to a production error Figure 3 was incorrect. The correct version of Fig. 3 is presented below.
Risk Avoidance Strategies after Sexual Assault: A Dyadic Study of Survivors and Informal Support Providers

Interview data from 45 matched pairs of survivors disclosing sexual assaults and their primary informal support provider (friend, family, significant other) were used to explore survivor-support provider perspectives on self-protective behaviors survivors and those close to them take to protect themselves from future assaults. Strategies for reducing risk taken by survivors included behavioral changes, security measures, self-defense strategies, avoiding alcohol/drugs, and protecting others. Support providers play critical roles by encouraging survivors to pursue risk avoidance strategies, and employing these strategies themselves. Counseling and prevention implications are drawn in the context of risks facing survivors trying to avoid further sexual victimization.
Gerontological Clinical Psychology

Gerontological clinical psychology, also referred to as clinical geropsychology, is the field that focuses on the psychological assessment and treatment of older adults. Adults who might merit such attention include those with psychopathology or whose quality of life is negatively influenced by psychosocial factors. Given the increasing population of older adults and the complex life experiences and changing demographics of the population, it is important for mental health professionals to be prepared to assess and treat older clients. In order to have proficiency for clinical work with older adults, areas of competence in relation to aging have been defined that include research and theory, changes in cognitive function, social/psychological aspects, biological aspects, psychopathology, problems in daily living, sociocultural and socioeconomic factors, assessment, treatment, prevention and crisis intervention services, consultation, interface with other disciplines, and special ethical issues in providing services to the aged.
Functions defined by integrals

The solutions of problems in differential equations, especially those which arise in physics and engineering, are frequently given in terms of integrals. Most often either the integrand of the integral representing the solution is unbounded or the domain of integration is an unbounded set. In this chapter we develop rules for deciding when it is possible to interchange the processes of differentiation and integration—commonly known as differentiation under the integral sign. When the integrand becomes infinite at one or more points or when the interval of integration is infinite, a study of the convergence of the integral is needed in order to determine whether or not the differentiation process is allowable. We establish the required theorems for bounded functions and domains in this section and treat the unbounded case in Sections 11.2 and 11.3.
Cystometry: III. Cystometers

Cystometers may employ either fluid (water) or gas (air or carbon dioxide) as the distending medium. The operation of air and carbon dioxide cystometers is described, and a comparison is given of the various systems currently in use.
Welcome to Country and the Role of Traditional Music in Modern Indigenous Culture in Australia

Important public occasions in contemporary Australia—from the opening of Parliamentary sessions to the installation of new a new university chancellor—routinely include a performance of Indigenous ceremony, often including music, dance, and body decoration, known as “Welcome to Country.” This chapter analyses such ceremonies as ritual from a performance studies perspective, arguing for the importance of sound and movement to their success in producing positive affective results. It also describes and evaluates objections to the use of these events in the public sphere—from white and Indigenous perspectives—in relation to the history of Indigenous cultural survival and the colonial enterprise in Australia. Ultimately, I argue that the ceremony is most significant for the ways its performative quality and the controversies surrounding it offer lessons for Indigenous and non-Indigenous interaction in increasingly multicultural music education in Australia and around the world.
Is it Really Helping? A Review of Women’s “Self-Help” Literature

In this article, we review recent popular literature about women in leadership at work. We focus on popular literature because of its extensive and diverse audience, and approach it as an indication of the status of women in the workplace: what is faced and how it is handled. In our review of the most frequently purchased books about women and leadership, we argue that these works’ general message is as follows: women face difficulty getting ahead in their careers, women require advice about how to be successful leaders in their workplaces, and that advice instructs women that if they aspire to get ahead or even just stay afloat in systems that, for the most part, are still dominated by men and built on hegemonic values, then women employees must change aspects of themselves. We argue that this focus on individual women changing their behavior and appearance in the workplace fails to challenge systems issues that contribute to women’s experiences as leaders in work. We conclude by inviting scholars to shift these conversations from how women should change to how everyone, including women, should work together to change workplace norms.
Prevalence of Optimal Metabolic Health in American Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2016.

Abstract Background: Several guidelines for cardiometabolic risk factor identification and management have been released in recent years, but there are no estimates of current prevalence of metabol...
Mechanistic and Structural Insights into Cysteine-Mediated Inhibition of Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Isoform 2.

Cancer cells regulate key enzymes in the glycolytic pathway to control the glycolytic flux, which is necessary for their growth and proliferation. One of the enzymes is pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 2 (PKM2), which is allosterically regulated by various small molecules. Using detailed biochemical and kinetic studies, we demonstrate that cysteine inhibits wild-type (wt) PKM2 by shifting from an active tetramer to a mixture of a tetramer and a less active dimer/monomer equilibrium and that the inhibition is dependent on cysteine concentration. The cysteine-mediated PKM2 inhibition is reversed by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, an allosteric activator of PKM2. Furthermore, kinetic studies using two dimeric PKM2 variants, S437Y PKM2 and G415R PKM2, show that the reversal is caused by the tetramerization of wtPKM2. The crystal structure of the wtPKM2-Cys complex was determined at 2.25 A, which showed that cysteine is held to the amino acid binding site via its main chain groups, similar to that observed for phenylalanine, alanine, serine, and tryptophan. Notably, ligand binding studies using fluorescence and isothermal titration calorimetry show that the presence of phosphoenolpyruvate alters the binding affinities of amino acids for wtPKM2 and vice versa, thereby unravelling the existence of a functionally bidirectional coupling between the amino acid binding site and the active site of wtPKM2.
Infidelity’s Dark Night

The notion of patience is, however, inseparable from the virtue of trust which every proficient lover must learn to cultivate. This chapter constitutes a commentary on the metaphor of the “lilies” which can be read as hinting to the other women that the man cannot help noticing and desiring. Yet, accompanying this reference is the woman’s three-fold faithful affirmation: “My lover is mine and I am his.” This statement occurs twice accompanying the reference to lilies, but the third time the lilies are gone: The man seems to have committed. What made the difference? What happened for the man to commit? The key, I argue, lies in the formulation of the woman, “My lover is mine and I am his.” Therein lies her secret! This whole chapter constitutes, as such, a meditation on trust and its power to inspire love and commitment.
What causes different coronal curve patterns in idiopathic scoliosis

Abstract Background Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of the spinal column in otherwise healthy adolescents. The underlying mechanisms associated with the spinal deformity development have been explored which delineated the role of the sagittal curvature of the spine. The patterns of the spinal deformity vary between the AIS patients as shown in several classification systems. It remains to further investigate how variations in sagittal profiles result in different coronal plane deformities in AIS and how these deformation patterns are intrinsically different. Methods A total of 71 Lenke 1 and 52 Lenke 5 AIS patients were included retrospectively. The 3D models of the spine were generated from biplanar radiographs to calculate the clinical spinal parameters, vertebral axial rotations, and the 3D centerline of the spinal curvature. A classification based on the centerlines’ axial plane projection was developed. The 3D curvature of the centerline was calculated at each point. A 2D elastic rod finite element model (FEM) of the sagittal spinal curvature for each axial subtype was developed to calculate the 3D deformity of the spine under gravity and axial torsion. Differences in the axial clusters’ clinical parameters, curvature of the spine, and the deformation patterns of the FEM were compared. The characteristics of the sagittal curvature of these axial clusters were determined. Results Lenke1 was divided into two axial groups (I and II) whereas the Lenke 5 cohort all had the same axial projection pattern (loop shape). T5-T12 kyphosis was significantly different between Lenke1-Group I and the other two groups, p=0.04. The vertebral rotation in both Lenke1-Group I and Lenke 5 had only one maximum value and the FEM deformed in a loop shaped whereas Lenke1-group II showed two maximum values for vertebral rotation and the FEM of the centerline deformed in a lemniscate shape. The ratio of the spinal arc lengths above and below the sagittal inflection points for Lenke1-Groups I and II and Lenke 5 were 0.52, 1.16, and 3.24, respectively. Conclusion Variations in the axial plane projection of the curve were observed within Lenke types. Lenke 1- Group I and Lenke 5 showed similar 3D curve characteristics suggesting one 3D curve whereas Lenke1-Group II, with two 3D curves, behaved differently. The length of the spinal arcs above and below the sagittal inflection point related to the patterns of axial deformity.
Bird Feeders Increase Connection to Nature in Parents But Not in Their Children

Given connection to nature is positively correlated with proenvironmental behavior, strategies to facilitate human-nature interactions are necessary to mitigate the anthropogenic effects of urbaniz...
Comparison of macro and micro observational methods for measuring marital social support

This study examined die predictive utility of two observational measurement methods for examining marital social support. Eighty-two married couples completed self-report measures, and 10 minute videotaped supportive interactions. The interactions were designed to elicit discussion of cunent problems that were outside the couple's marital relationship. The first method of measurement was a macro-observational method—the Iowa Family Interaction Rating Scales (IFIRS: Melby et al., 1993), based on global ratings of the couples' interactions that fit descriptions of listener responsiveness, warmth, and hostility. The second method was a micro-observational method—the Social Support Behavior Code (SSBC: Suhr, 1990; Cutrona & Suhr, 1992,1994), based on fixquency counts of six types of social support. These six types were; emotional support, esteem support, information support tangible support, anentiveness, and negative behaviors. The dependent variables were; post-interaction mood, spousal supportiveness, and satisfaction with the interaction, and these relationships were examined using multiple hierarchical regressions. Most impoitandy, the miCTO codes of negative behaviors and tangible support predicted these outcome variables for wives. In addition, the micro code infonnational support successfully predicted husbands' evaluations of their wives' supportiveness and husbands' satisfaction with the interaction. However, when predicting husbands' post-interaction mood, the macro code of warmth was the only significant predictor. Therefore, to die extent that ratings of brief n<»i-conflict interactions predict evaluations of spousal supportiveness, the micro codes explained somewhat more of the variance dian the macro codes.
Linearization of Recurrent-Neural-Network- Based Models for Predictive Control of Nano-Positioning Systems Using Data-Driven Koopman Operators

Recent studies have shown that the nonlinear dynamics of nano-positioning systems (e.g., piezo-electric actuators (PEAs)) can be accurately captured by recurrent neural networks (RNNs). One direct application of this technique is PEA system control for precision positioning: linearize the nonlinear RNN model and then apply model predictive control (MPC). However, due to the linearization approach commonly used (e.g., Taylor series), the control bandwidth and the control performance are quite limited as the obtained linear system is only guaranteed to be accurate within small neighborhood of the linearization point. To address this issue, we propose a Koopman operator-based approach for linearization and then use the obtained linear parameter-varying model for predictive control. This linearization scheme can significantly decrease the overall approximation error within the MPC prediction horizon, and thus, lead to improved tracking performance. The proposed approach was validated through two applications-trajectory tracking of PEA, and deformation control of polymers during atomic force microscope nano-indentation.
Trauma in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Autism, Intellectual Disability, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Current evidence indicates that having a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, increases the odds that a child will be exposed to maltreatment and other adverse events. Early trauma such as physical neglect or exposure to violence during early developmental periods may lead to the development of NDD symptoms. Recent longitudinal twin studies suggest NDD and child maltreatment run together in families as a set of genetic traits, hence the importance of routine screening of co-occurring trauma and NDD. The diagnostic complexities of co-occurring trauma-related symptoms and NDD are explored. This is a new and as-yet understudied area with a history of methodological inadequacies, including errors in classification and overreliance on convenience samples without comparison groups of typically developing children. Assessment is complicated by diagnostic overshadowing bias and gaps in the availability of measures to assess traumatic experience in children with developmental and language delays. There is a particular need for self-report measures that are engaging and comprehensible for children with varying language and cognitive capacities. Web-based electronic assessment tools and their application to this population of children are discussed. Current evidence-based trauma treatment models are briefly reviewed with an emphasis on the adaptation of Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy for use with children who have autism and other NDDs.
Survival Outcomes of De Novo vs Inverted Papilloma-Associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance Overall, the prognosis of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is poor. This malignancy can arise de novo or from inverted papillomas, but it is unclear whether survival differences between the 2 pathologies exist. Objective To assess for survival differences between patients with sinonasal de novo SCC (dnSCC) and those with inverted papilloma–associated SCC (IPSCC). Data Sources A search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 23, 2020, with cross-referencing of retrieved studies, was performed. Additional data were requested from authors. Study Selection Inclusion and exclusion criteria were designed to capture studies with survival outcomes of adults with sinonasal SCC who underwent regular treatment. Clinical trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and case series with more than 10 adults aged 18 years or older with sinonasal SCC were included. Exclusion criteria were studies on non-SCC sinonasal neoplasms, studies without histopathologic diagnoses, non-English language articles, nonhuman animal studies, and abstract-only articles. Two blinded investigators (J.J.L., A.M.P., T.W.E., or N.S.W.) screened each abstract and full text, and a third investigator (J.J.L. or P.P.) adjudicated discrepancies. Of 729 unique citations, 26 studies of 1194 total patients were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines were followed. The Methodological Index for Nonrandomized Studies (MINORS) criteria were used to assess study quality. Two blinded investigators (J.J.L., A.M.P., T.W.E., or N.S.W.) independently extracted data from each study. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was overall survival, and secondary outcomes were disease-free and disease-specific survival. Before data collection, it was hypothesized that the dnSCC cohort would have worse survival outcomes than the IPSCC cohort. Results One study of patients with dnSCC, 12 studies of patients with IPSCC, and 5 studies with both cohorts were included in the meta-analysis of overall survival. The pooled 5-year overall survival rate for 255 patients with dnSCC was 56% (95% CI, 41%-71%;I2 = 83.8%) and for 475 patients with IPSCC was 65% (95% CI, 56%-73%;I2 = 75.7%). Five comparative studies of both cohorts totaling 240 patients with dnSCC and 155 patients with IPSCC were included in another meta-analysis. The pooled overall survival hazard ratio was 1.87 (95% CI, 1.24-2.84;I2 = 0%). Conclusions and Relevance This systematic review and meta-analysis found that patients with dnSCC had almost a 2-fold increased risk of mortality compared with those with IPSCC. Large, multicenter studies are necessary to validate these findings before considering treatment alterations such as de-escalation based on histopathology.
Evaluation of Serum Tumor Markers Variation Followingthe Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients withDifferentiated Thyroid Cancer

is known for a long time that exposure to ionizing radiation is harmful to biological tissues and it can cause irreversible tissue...
DeepSZ: identification of Sunyaev–Zel’dovich galaxy clusters using deep learning

Galaxy clusters identified from the Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SZ) effect are a key ingredient in multi-wavelength cluster-based cosmology. We present a comparison between two methods of cluster identification: the standard Matched Filter (MF) method in SZ cluster finding and a method using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We further implement and show results for a `combined' identifier. We apply the methods to simulated millimeter maps for several observing frequencies for an SPT-3G-like survey. There are some key differences between the methods. The MF method requires image pre-processing to remove point sources and a model for the noise, while the CNN method requires very little pre-processing of images. Additionally, the CNN requires tuning of hyperparameters in the model and takes as input, cutout images of the sky. Specifically, we use the CNN to classify whether or not an 8 arcmin $\times$ 8 arcmin cutout of the sky contains a cluster. We compare differences in purity and completeness. The MF signal-to-noise ratio depends on both mass and redshift. Our CNN, trained for a given mass threshold, captures a different set of clusters than the MF, some of which have SNR below the MF detection threshold. However, the CNN tends to mis-classify cutouts whose clusters are located near the edge of the cutout, which can be mitigated with staggered cutouts. We leverage the complementarity of the two methods, combining the scores from each method for identification. The purity and completeness of the MF alone are both 0.61, assuming a standard detection threshold. The purity and completeness of the CNN alone are 0.59 and 0.61. The combined classification method yields 0.60 and 0.77, a significant increase for completeness with a modest decrease in purity. We advocate for combined methods that increase the confidence of many lower signal-to-noise clusters.