cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study on the Effects of Initial Conditions on Liquefaction of Saturated and Unsaturated Sand

AbstractSoil liquefaction is one of the most common geohazards that is often the root cause of damage and disruption to the civil infrastructure systems. It has been tacitly considered to only occur in loose saturated sand or low-plasticity silts. A series of strain-controlled cyclic loading tests on saturated and unsaturated Nevada sand has been conducted to reveal the fact that not only saturated soils, but also unsaturated soils, can be liquefied when certain test conditions are satisfied. In this laboratory study, different initial conditions of soil specimens are tested. These conditions include the following: relative density (30 and 70%), effective confining stress (50 and 200 kPa), and degree of saturation (90, 95, and 100%). All specimens, except the one with 70% relative density, 200 kPa confining stress, and 90% degree of saturation, reach liquefaction at the end of the tests. Although it is well established that liquefaction resistance increases with relative density and confining stress and d...
Locus of Lesion in Impaired Pantomime Recognition

This study was concerned with the relationship between intrahemispheric locus of lesion and defective pantomime recognition in a population of left hemisphere damaged aphasics. Defects in pantomime recognition appeared to result from lesions in basal ganglia and areas 40, 39, 37 and 22. At the same time, however, a significant minority of aphasics with lesions in these various loci did not show defects in pantomime recognition.
FREE RADICAL CHLORINATIONS IN HALOGENATED SOLVENTS : ARE THERE ANY SOLVENTS WHICH ARE TRULY NONCOMPLEXING?

The free radical chlorination of alkanes was examined in several solvents. The results of these experiments suggest that Cl• forms complexes with halogenated solvents and that these complexes exhib...
Iodination of ovotransferrin and its iron complex. Extent of involvement of tyrosine phenolic groups in the iron binding

Abstract Short-time iodination of metal-free ovotransferrin indicated that the tyrosine groups involved in the iron-binding activity are indistinguishable from other structural tyrosines. Modification of a minimum of 14 tyrosine residues per molecule of protein was required to achieve a complete loss of metal-binding activity. In contrast, a maximum modification of 10 tyrosine residues in iron-ovotransferrin complex could be produced with no loss of iron-binding activity. The difference in the extent of modification of tyrosines, therefore, indicated the involvement of four tyrosines in the binding of two atoms of iron. A minimal modification of histidine residues was also found, which was limited to one residue per molecule of both ovotransferrin and its iron complex. The possible participation of two tryptophan residues in the iron-binding activity is also suggested in the present study.
Update of the Clinical Impact and Issues Surrounding Dofetilide (Tikosyn) Therapy

Dofetilide (Tikosyn) is an oral anti-arrhythmic medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999 for the management of persistent atrial fibrillation and flutter. A cautionary statement describing the side effect profile, including life-threatening arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities as well as monitoring strategies, accompanied the drug’s approval. The dofetilide package insert contains a black box warning that addresses the special requirements for initiation of the drug and prescribing and dispensing privileges. 1 As part of the warning, the FDA required that a distribution and education program for prescribers be developed to minimize the risk of potentially life-threatening arrhythmia as a condition for approval of dofetilide in the United States. In response, Pfizer developed a risk-management program that: 1) restricts dofetilide initiation to hospitalized patients, 2) places restrictions on outpatient dispensing, 3) requires prescribing physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners complete an educational program on dofetilide, and 4) directs that healthcare institutions establish detailed dosing and monitoring recommendations for the drug. Additional information on this program can be found at www.tikosyn.com. Dofetilide is available only to hospitals and prescribers who have received appropriate dofetilide dosing and treatment initiation education. Retail pharmacies must be enrolled in the TIPS’ (Tikosyn in Pharmacy System) program in order to stock and dispense dofetilide. The black box warning also states that healthcare facilities should provide continuous electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring, creatinine clearance calculation, and have cardiac resuscitation capability during the first 3 days of initiation and re-initiation of dofetilide. Indications Dofetilide is indicated for the conversion to and maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Dofetilide should be used only in highly symptomatic patients (eg, palpitations, chest pain, dyspnea, fatigue, lightheadedness, syncope, and heart failure exacerbation) because of the risk of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias associated with its administration. Adequate ventricular rate control can be achieved by using such agents as � -blockers (eg, esmolol or metroprolol), calcium channel blockers (such as diltiazem or verapamil), or digoxin. Management of atrial fibrillation
Ethical Issues in Prisoner Treatment, Offender Therapy, and Community Reentry: International Perspectives and Policy Considerations

When mental health, criminal justice, and social welfare practitioners endeavor to evaluate, treat, and reintegrate offenders, these systems-based professionals often encounter ethical dilemmas req...
Coordination Chemistry and Properties of Unusually π-Basic Molybdenum Fragments

A series of complexes of the form TpMo(NO)(L)(η2-Lπ) were synthesized, where Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate, L = 1-methylimidazole or ammonia, and Lπ is an alkene, alkyne, ketone, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, or aromatic heterocycle. The thermal stability of the dihapto-coordinated aromatic complexes is indicative of a strong π back-bonding interaction similar to that found in the heavy metal analogues [Os(NH3)5(η2-arene)]2+, TpRe(CO)(L)(η2-arene), and TpW(NO)(L)(η2-arene). Several synthetic routes to these molybdenum complexes are outlined.
Chronic atrial fibrillation and stroke in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome. Relevance of clinical characteristics and pacing modalities.

BACKGROUND The goal of the report was to study the long-term incidence and the independent predictors for chronic atrial fibrillation and stroke in 507 paced patients with sick sinus syndrome, adjusting for differences in baseline clinical variables with multivariate analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS From 1980 to 1989, we implanted 376 dual-chamber, 19 atrial, and 112 ventricular pacemakers to treat patients with sick sinus syndrome. After a maximum follow-up of 134 months (mean: 59 +/- 38 months for chronic atrial fibrillation, 65 +/- 37 months for stroke), actuarial incidence of chronic atrial fibrillation was 7% at 1 year, 16% at 5 years, and 28% at 10 years. Independent predictors for this event, from Cox9s proportional hazards model, were history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (P CONCLUSIONS Development of chronic atrial fibrillation and stroke in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome are strongly determined by clinical variables and secondarily by the pacing modality. Ventricular pacing mode predicts chronic atrial fibrillation in patients with preimplant paroxysmal atrial fibrillation but not in those without it.
Etchant for chemical thinning of InP and its application in the fabrication of InP diffused junction solar cells

A new etchant, which we have called PNP, with the composition (o-H 3 PO 4 ) u :(HNO 3 ) υ :(H 2 O 2 ) t :(H 2 O) 100-(u+υt) has been developed for thinning, after contacting, the n + and p + emitter layer of n + p and p + n InP structures made by thermal diffusion. By varying u, υ and t, reproducible etch rates of 5-110 nm min -1 have been obtained. After thinning the 2.5-4.5 μm thick p + InP layer down to 60-250 nm, specular surfaces have been obtained at up to 80 nm min -1 etch rates
Elastic analysis of a mode II fatigue crack test specimen

A mode II specimen for fatigue crack growth measurements was described by Buzzard, Gross and Srawley [1]. Subsequently Buzzard [2] published results of displacement measurements at the crack mouth and at a selected point on the crackline for this specimen. A preliminary analysis of crack mouth displacements and stress intensity factors using boundary value collocation was also given [1]. The analysis while giving qualitatively useful results could not accurately represent all boundary conditions. The present paper presents a finite element analysis of the mode II specimen which gives more accurate stress intensity factors and displacement results than previously presented. In addition, load point displacements were measured in order to allow an experimental determination of the stress intensity factors.
Fast thin‐layer inversion (Theory)

Summary Conventional analysis of seismic data for layered medium properties breaks down when the layers are thinner than the seismic wavelength. We describe a fast and accurate method to calculate the reflection response of a thin layer and then use this method to invert seismic data for the thickness and physical properties of the thin layer. A reflectivity forward model is used because it includes all the spectral effects of the thin layer interference and can be used for any elastic for fluid case. The data are prepared for the inversion by time windowing the thin layer reflection which is then transformed to the frequency rayparameter (ω�p) domain. The error function calculation for the inversion is done in the ω�p domain so that many fewer loops are used in the reflectivity calculation. By isolating the layer and doing all the calculation in the ω�p domain, the speed of the inversion calculation is increased by a factor of approximately 1000.
Determination of cefoxitin in serum and tissue

Abstract A simple, rapid and sensitive method for the clean-up and analysis of cefoxitin in serum and tissue is described. Serum (0.5 ml) and tissue (100 mg) samples after homogenization underwent high speed centrifugation. Chromatography was performed on a μBondapak C18 cartridge using a mobile phase of 0.005 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate–acetonitrile–glacial acetic acid (77.5:22:0.5, v/v/v) with a flow-rate of 2.0 ml/min. Ultraviolet detection occurred at 235 nm. The procedure produced a linear curve for the concentration range 100–5000 ng/ml. The assay produced accurate, repeatable and rapid results for both tissue and serum samples without the need for chemcial extraction.
Farm batch system and Fermi inter-process communication and synchronization toolkit

Farms Batch System (FBS) was developed as a batch process management system for off-line Run II data processing at Fermilab. FBS will manage PC farms composed of up to 250 nodes and scalable to 1000 nodes with disk capacity of up to several TB. FBS allows users to start arrays of parallel processes on multiple computers. It uses a simplified resource counting method load balancing. FBS has been successfully used for more than a year at Fermilab by fixed target experiments and will be used for collider experiment off-line data processing. Fermi Inter-Process Communication toolkit (FIPC) was designed as a supplement product for FBS that helps establish synchronization and communication between processes running in a distributed batch environment. However, FIPC is an independent package, and can be used with other batch systems, as well as in a non-batch environment. FIPC provides users with a variety of global distributed objects such as semaphores, queues and string variables. Other types of objects can be easily added to FIPC. FIPC has been running on several PC farms at Fermilab for half a year and is going to be used by CDF for off-line data processing.
The architecture of the climate network

Abstract We consider climate as a network of many dynamical systems and apply ideas from graph theory to a global data set to study its collective behavior. We find that the network has properties of ‘small-world’ networks (Nature 393 (1999) 440). A detailed investigation of the coupling architecture of this network reveals that the overall dynamics emerge from the interaction of two interweaved subnetworks. One subnetwork operates in the tropics and the other at higher latitudes with the equatorial one acting as an agent that establishes links between the two hemispheres. Both subsystems are ‘small-world’ networks, but there are distinct differences between the two subsystems. The tropical one is an almost fully connected network, whereas the mid-latitude one is more like a scale-free network characterized by dominant super nodes, and multifractal properties. This unique architecture may lead to new insights not only about the dynamics of the climate system but of other spatially extended complex systems with a large number of degrees of freedom.
TCP Westwood with adaptive bandwidth estimation to improve efficiency/friendliness tradeoffs

In this paper, we propose an extension of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Westwood allowing the management of the Efficiency/Friendliness-to-NewReno tradeoffs. We show that the extended TCP Westwood is able to achieve higher total link utilization, yet at the same time maintain friendliness. TCP Westwood (for short, TCPW) implements a novel window congestion control algorithm based on eligible rate estimation (RE). The performance of TCPW has been promising, exceeding that of TCP NewReno in 'large leaky pipes'; i.e. network paths with high bandwidth-delay product and non-negligible random error rate. Consider the situation where TCPW and TCP NewReno connections coexist and share common bottlenecks. Friendliness in this shared environment is paramount. Under certain conditions TCP NewReno may experience some performance degradation since TCPW 'learns' more about connection performance and thus can take better advantage of available bandwidth. To manage the efficiency/friendliness tradeoffs, we propose to combine the original TCPW Bandwidth Estimation (BE) strategy with a new RE strategy. One finds that BE provides significantly higher utilization, but may, under certain conditions, overestimates a connection fair share. RE, on the other hand, tends to be closer to the achieved rate of a connection, but it may underestimate the connection fair share. The question is: which estimate-RE or BE-yields better throughput/friendliness tradeoffs? Our studies show that RE works best when packet loss is mostly due to congestion. If, on the other hand, packet loss is mostly due to link errors, BE gives better performance. To achieve the 'best of all worlds', we introduce a method we call Combined Rate and Bandwidth estimation (CRB.) A connection first infers the predominant cause of packet loss (buffer congestion or random error) and then uses the more appropriate estimation method. Simulation shows that the adaptive CRB provides a very effective compromise between efficiency and friendliness.
Validation and reduction of FACT/GOG‐Ntx subscale for platinum/paclitaxel‐induced neurologic symptoms: a gynecologic oncology group study

The FACT/GOG (Gynecologic Oncology Group) Neurotoxicity (Ntx) subscale for assessing platinum/paclitaxel-induced neurologic symptoms was evaluated. The 11-item questionnaire was administered to patients with advanced endometrial cancer treated with doxorubicin/cisplatin (AP) or doxorubicin/cisplatin/paclitaxel (TAP) prior to 1-7 cycles of treatment in GOG 177. The subscale was evaluated in 134 patients in the TAP group for internal reliability, construct validity, criteria validity, sensitivity to treatment differences, and change over time. Cronbach coefficients for internal consistency prior to cycles 1-7 were 0.85, 0.80, 0.84, 0.82, 0.82, 0.85, and 0.84, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.81 for the Ntx score prior to cycle 3. The TAP arm Ntx scores increased significantly from 3.67 at baseline to 8.13 prior to cycle 7; these were higher than the AP arm Ntx scores, which increased from 3.54 at baseline to 4.72 prior to cycle 7. The four sensory items accounted for 80% of treatment differences and 63% of longitudinal changes in the observed subscale score. The 11-item Ntx subscale reliably and validly assesses platinum/paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. A reduced four-item version is an efficient alternative in measuring this toxicity in clinical trials without compromising its performance.
Work in progress — Interactive signal-processing labs and simulations on iOS devices

Handheld devices are increasingly finding more applications in STEM education. In this paper, we present the design of an interactive signal processing simulation software operating on both the iPhone OS (iOS) and Android platforms. This object-oriented application is called i-JDSP and is conceptually based on the award-winning Java-DSP (J-DSP) simulation environment. The i-JDSP app offers a user-friendly visual programming interface and provides users with a compelling multi-touch programming experience. It supports basic signal processing simulation functions such as the FFT, filtering, frequency response, pole-zero plots, and sound recording and playback. Initial assessments have been promising and we believe that this new attractive smartphone interface will make signal processing education among undergraduate students more appealing.
Violence against women: is psychology part of the problem or the solution? A content analysis of psychological research from 1990 through 1999

Previous critiques of traditional psychology portrayed a discipline that examines social problems from an exceptionalistic perspective and decontextualizes the subjects of its inquiries. We analysed 10 years of psychological research on domestic violence, sexual assault, and sexual harassment to determine whether this criticism applied to violence against women research. Specifically, we examined the purpose, level of analysis, sample, and context of 1396 PsychLit abstracts. We found that almost half reported an examination of causal factors. Only one quarter reported intervention studies. Most studies focused at the individual level of analysis and few included contextual factors. Investigators explored questions about domestic violence most frequently among samples of victims and perpetrators drawn from clinical settings. Sexual assault and sexual harassment researchers depended on victims and perpetrators to a lesser extent, but tended to rely upon convenience samples from college settings. Representative community samples were used in only 9% of studies. These findings support the view that psychological research on violence against women suffers from a heavy emphasis on exceptionalism at the expense of a universalistic perspective, the latter of which we contend is critical to advancing the field and reducing a major threat to women's health and wellbeing. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conserved Secondary Structures in Aspergillus

Background Recent evidence suggests that the number and variety of functional RNAs (ncRNAs as well as cis-acting RNA elements within mRNAs ) is much higher than previously thought; thus, the ability to computationally predict and analyze RNAs has taken on new importance. We have computationally studied the secondary structures in an alignment of six Aspergillus genomes. Little is known about the RNAs present in this set of fungi, and this diverse set of genomes has an optimal level of sequence conservation for observing the correlated evolution of base-pairs seen in RNAs. Methodology/Principal Findings We report the results of a whole-genome search for evolutionarily conserved secondary structures, as well as the results of clustering these predicted secondary structures by structural similarity. We find a total of 7450 predicted secondary structures, including a new predicted ∼60 bp long hairpin motif found primarily inside introns. We find no evidence for microRNAs. Different types of genomic regions are over-represented in different classes of predicted secondary structures. Exons contain the longest motifs (primarily long, branched hairpins), 5′ UTRs primarily contain groupings of short hairpins located near the start codon, and 3′ UTRs contain very little secondary structure compared to other regions. There is a large concentration of short hairpins just inside the boundaries of exons. The density of predicted intronic RNAs increases with the length of introns, and the density of predicted secondary structures within mRNA coding regions increases with the number of introns in a gene. Conclusions/Sigificance There are many conserved, high-confidence RNAs of unknown function in these Aspergillus genomes, as well as interesting spatial distributions of predicted secondary structures. This study increases our knowledge of secondary structure in these aspergillus organisms.
Oxalate exposure provokes HSP 70 response in LLC-PK1 cells, a line of renal epithelial cells: protective role of HSP 70 against oxalate toxicity.

We investigated the effects of oxalate on immediate early genes (IEGs) and stress protein HSP 70, commonly induced genes in response to a variety of stresses. LLC-PK1 cells were exposed to oxalate. Gene transcription and translation were monitored by Northern and Western blot analysis. RNA and DNA synthesis were assessed by [3H]-uridine and [3H]-thymidine incorporation, respectively. Oxalate exposure selectively increased the levels of mRNA encoding IEGs c-myc and c-jun as well as stress protein HSP 70. While expression of c-myc and c-jun was rapid (within 15 min to 2 h) and transient, HSP 70 expression was delayed (∼8 h) and stable. Furthermore, oxalate exposure resulted in delayed induction of generalized transcription by 18 h and reinitiation of the DNA synthesis by 24 h of oxalate exposure. Moreover, we show that prior induction of HSP 70 by mild hypertonic exposure protected the cells from oxalate toxicity. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to demonstrate rapid IEG response and delayed heat-shock response to oxalate toxicity and protective role of HSP 70 against oxalate toxicity to renal epithelial cells. Oxalate, a metabolic end product, induces IEGs c-myc and c-jun and a delayed HSP 70 expression; While IEG expression may regulate additional genetic responses to oxalate, increased HSP 70 expression would serve an early protective role during oxalate stress.
Echoand Phonocardiographic Studies in Patients with Lillehei-Kaster Aortic Valve Prostheses

Simultaneous echoand phonocardiographic studies were performed in 17 patients with normally functioning Lillehei-Kaster (LK) tilting disc prosthesis in the aortic position. The LK aortic valve prosthesis was well recorded by echocardiography with a disc excursion of 14 to 25mm and very fast opening and closing velocities, too rapid for quantitative assessment. On phonocardiography the opening click of the prosthesis was only rarely observed (2 out of 17 cases), while the closing sound was consistently present in all patients, occurring within 5msec of the point of complete closure of aortic disc prosthesis by echocardiography.Systolic time intervals (STI) measured by combined echoand phonocardiography were similar to the predicted values in 15 patients who had no evidence of residual cardiac dysfunction. In the remaining 2 patients, one or more components of the STI differed by more than 2 standard deviations from the predicted values, and in these there were associated findings to explain the discrepancies.This study illustrates the echoand phonocardiographic features of the normally functioning LK aortic valve prosthesis. In addition, precise measurements of the isometric contraction and relaxation periods as well as standard systolic time intervals are possible with these techni-ques.
Organizational Simulation for Model Based Systems Engineering

Abstract Organizations creating complex systems often have hierarchical team networks; this structure affects system performance because some teams have greater influence over dimensions of parts produced by other teams. Dimensional interdependencies among components produce ripple-effects; examples include load paths and thermal flows. Simulating such phenomena requires finite element and computational fluid dynamics models. Characteristics, like weight, cost, and reliability can be calculated for parts and summed to accumulate or roll-up the values at subsystem and system levels. This paper describes multi-agent models and simulations of an organization developing a complex system. One model determined that NetLogo can generate a hierarchical model of thousands of highly interconnected teams. A second model accumulates weights and reliabilities of components with some accretion at each level of integration and generates a system level weight and reliability. A simulation generates part dimensions based on team interaction. A second simulation uses a finite element model to demonstrate temperature gradients of parts and agents moving through the structure to transfer heat among the parts. Simulating physical characteristics in an organizational simulation enables an analyst to demonstrate how different organizational structures affect the system performance. NetLogo proved to be a powerful development environment for organizational and system simulations.
The K-matrix parametrization of the 12C(α, γ)16O cross section☆

Abstract The experimental data on the El part of the 12 C(α, γ) 16 O cross section and the l = 1 phase shift of 12 C(α, α) 12 C are analyzed in terms of a two-channel, two-level approximation of a modified K -matrix. The latter allows a unitary parametrization, avoids computing Coulomb wave functions and does not require introducing channel radii; at low energies, it differs very little from the conventional K -matrix. Simple results are obtained which allow the extrapolation of the 12 C(α, γ) 16 O cross section to lower energies of astrophysical interest ( E α (c.m.) ≈ 300 keV). Our results are compared with those of other parametrizations and suggestions are made to improve the uncertainties resulting from the best data presently available.
β, γ-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds

Abstract It has been shown recently that β-oxycyclopropyl carbinols are transformed readily into β, γ-unsaturated keto systems on mild acid treatment.1 The following description of the α, α-dialkylation of an aldehyde and of a ring enlargement process illustrates further the great usefulness of the β-oxycyclopropylcarbinyl unit in organochemical synthesis.
Increasing on-task behavior during mathematics independent seat-work in students with emotional disturbance by interspersing additional brief problems

Alternating treatments designs were used to compare on-task levels in 4 students diagnosed as emotionally disturbed while working on control and experimental independent seat-work mathematics assignments. Control and experimental assignments were similar except experimental assignments contained additional briefer mathematics problems interspersed following every third problem. Results showed greater on-task levels while working on experimental assignments across 3 of the 4 students. Discussion focuses on problem completion being a conditioned reinforcer and applying this theory to prevent and remedy academic and social-behavior problems in students with behavior disorders. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Propaganda and Adult Education

The issue of whether or not adult educators should condone so called propagandistic materials, as were used in the literacy campaigns of Nicaragua, is a complex one. The issue is part of a larger one: the interfacing of propaganda, politics, and education. There are many aspects to this interfacing which confront the adult educator. The following article begins with an explication of propaganda, highlighting related issues which confront the adult educator. From there, the article looks at the specific example of Nicaragua and at literacy education in general. This is followed by some suggestions for practice.
Interrelationships between behavior and pharmacology as factors determining the effects of nicotine.

Abstract Behavioral consequences play an important role in determining subsequent behavior. The specific effects a particular consequent event will have, however, depend on many factors. Under certain conditions, the same event can produce diametrically opposite effects on behavior. Nicotine and electric shock are events which can function either as reinforcers capable of maintaining behavior, or as pubishers which can suppress behavior. The reinforcing or punishing properties of consequent events depend on the prior experience of the organis, and on the conditions existing at the time those events occur. The study of these pivotal events, and of those factors which contribute to their dual behavioral effects, has provided important information for developing a better understanding of general processes governing behavior. Further, the results of these studies have clarified the role of both behavioral and environmental factors in the initiation and maintenance of drug-taking behavior.
A NEW MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY DEMONSTRATES THAT MUC4, THE INTRAMEMBRANE LIGAND FOR ErbB2/HER2/Neu, IS OVEREXPRESSED IN MULTIPLE CARCINOMAS

INTRODUCTION. MUC4, a membrane mucin, is expressed in multiple epithelia. Several studies have suggested that MUC4 gene is overexpressed in human carcinomas[1]. Human MUC4 was originally cloned and sequenced from airway cDNA library[2]. Most of the functional studies of MUC4 have been done with the rat homologue (SMC). Muc4 is a heterodimeric bifunctional glycoprotein and encoded on a single gene. It consists of a highly O-glycosylated glycoprotein, ascites sialoglycoprotein-1 (ASGP-1), which is tightly, but noncovalently linked to an Nglycosylated integral membrane glycoprotein ASGP-2[3]. Mucin ASGP-1 is proposed to have a protective role in epithelia. The transmembrane subunit ASGP-2 has two EGF-like domains, one of which acts as an intramembrane ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2/HER2/neu, which has been strongly implicated in cancer progression[4]. The MUC4 gene is expressed in numerous normal tissues including stomach, ovary, salivary gland, uterus, prostate, and thymus, thyroid, mammary, esophagus, small intestine, testis, and placenta. It is also found in secreted fluid, such as tears, milk, and saliva[5,6].
Photochemotherapy of psoriasis: effects on bacteria and surface lipids in uninvolved skin.

SUMMARY The effect of PUVA therapy for psoriasis on the microbial flora and on levels and composition of skin surface lipid has been studied in ten patients. Samples were obtained from clinically uninvolved skin from the back and the forearm. There was no consistent significant change in the viable counts of aerobic cocci or anaerobic coryneforms during therapy. A transient rise in Staphylococcus aureus counts was thought to be due to the use of emollients rather than to an effect of PUVA. Genetic changes in the microorganisms were not sought. There was an increase in the amount of total lipid (both casual levels and replacement sums) during therapy. An increase of free fatty acids at the expense of triglycerides did not reach statistical significance. The influence of PUVA on the skin flora seems to be less in vivo than anticipated from in vitro studies.
Hermitian-Einstein metrics and jumping lines for Sp( n+1)-homogeneous bundles over 2 n+1

Stable holomorphic vector bundles over complex projective space ℙn have been studied from both the differential-geometric and the algebraic-geometric points of view.On the differential-geometric side, the stability of E -→ ℙn can be characterized by the existence of a unique hermitian–Einstein metric on E, i.e. a metric whose curvature matrix has trace-free part orthogonal to the Fubini–Study Kahler form of ℙn (see [6], [7], and [13]). Very little is known about this metric in general and the only explicit examples are the metrics on the tangent bundle of ℙn and the nullcorrelation bundle (see [9] and [10]).
Integrated and active antennas for system applications

Many integrated and active antennas have been developed at Texas A&M University. The applications of using these active antennas for communications, sensors, RFIDs, and spatial power combining applications are emerging. This paper discusses these applications.
Axon guidance: stretching gradients to the limit

Neuronal growth cones, the sensory-motile structures at the tips of developing axons, navigate to their targets over distances that can be many times greater than their diameter. They may accomplish this impressive task by following spatial gradients of axon guidance molecules in their environment (Bonhoeffer & Gierer, 1984; Tessier-Lavigne & Placzek, 1991; Baier & Bonhoeffer, 1994). We calculate the optimal shape of a gradient and the distance over which it can be detected by a growth cone for two competing mechanistic models of axon guidance. The results are surprisingly simple: Regardless of the mechanism, the maximum distance is about 1 cm. Since gradients and growth cones have coevolved, we suggest that the shape of the gradient in situ will predict the mechanism of gradient detection. In addition, we show that the experimentally determined dissociation constants for receptor-ligand complexes implicated in axon guidance are about optimal with respect to maximizing guidance distance. The relevance of these results to the retinotectal system is discussed.
COMPARISON OF LONG-PERIOD SURFACE WAVE AMPLITUDE AND PHASE ANOMALIES FOR TWO MODELS OF GLOBAL LATERAL HETEROGENEITY

Surface wave raytracing calculations for periods of 150 to 250 s were performed using the two models of global phase velocity heterogeneity produced by Harvard and CIT, pro- viding a comparison of predicted amplitude and phase anomalies. Theoretical R3/R. and G3/G. amplitude asymmetries resulting from focussing and defocussing have similar azimuthal distribu- tions of the more pronounced anomalies for the two structures. The azimuthal patterns of long-period Rayleigh and Love wave phase anomalies about a given source region also resemble one another for the two models. Travel time errors as large as 12 s are accumulated for 200 s period Rarrivals by neglecting the raypath deviations from great circles. Such errors may be significant when inverting for earth structure or when applying corrections for lateral heterogeneity in source studies.
Describing Spirituality at the End of Life

Spirituality is salient to persons nearing the end of life (EOL). Unfortunately, researchers have not been able to agree on a universal definition of spirituality reducing the effectiveness of spiritual research. To advance spiritual knowledge and build an evidence base, researchers must develop creative ways to describe spirituality as it cannot be explicitly defined. A literature review was conducted to determine the common attributes that comprise the essence of spirituality, thereby creating a common ground on which to base spiritual research. Forty original research articles (2002 to 2012) focusing on EOL and including spiritual definitions/descriptions were reviewed. Analysis identified five attributes that most commonly described the essence of spirituality, including meaning, beliefs, connecting, self-transcendence, and value.
Upscaling of evapotranspiration fluxes from instantaneous to daytime scales for thermal remote sensing applications

Four upscaling methods for estimating daytime actual evapotranspiration (ET) from single time-of-day snapshots, as commonly retrieved using remote sensing, were compared. These methods assume self-preservation of the ratio between ET and a given reference variable over the daytime hours. The analysis was performed using eddy covariance data collected at 12 AmeriFlux towers, sampling a fairly wide range in climatic and land cover conditions. The choice of energy budget closure method significantly impacted performance using different scaling methodologies. Therefore, a statistical evaluation approach was adopted to better account for the inherent uncertainty in ET fluxes using eddy covariance technique. Overall, this approach suggested that at-surface solar radiation was the most robust reference variable amongst those tested, due to high accuracy of upscaled fluxes and absence of systematic biases. Top-of-atmosphere irradiance was also tested and proved to be reliable under near clear-sky conditions, but tended to overestimate the observed daytime ET during cloudy days. Use of reference ET as a scaling flux yielded higher bias than the solar radiation method, although resulting errors showed similar lack of seasonal dependence. Finally, the commonly used evaporative fraction method yielded satisfactory results only in summer months, July and August, and tended to underestimate the observations in the fall/winter seasons from November to January at the flux sites studied. In general, the proposed methodology clearly showed the added value of an intercomparison of different upscaling methods under scenarios that account for the uncertainty in eddy covariance flux measurements due to closure errors.
Influence of geography and climate on patterns of cell size and body size in the lizard Anolis carolinensis

Geographic patterns in body size are often associated with latitude, elevation, or environmental and climatic variables. This study investigated patterns of body size and cell size of the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis, and potential associations with geography or climatic variables. Lizards were sampled from 19 populations across the native range, and body size, red blood cell size and size and number of muscle cells were measured. Climatic data from local weather stations and latitude and longitude were entered into model selection with Akaike's information criterion to explain patterns in cell and body sizes. Climatic variables did not drive any major patterns in cell size or body size; rather, latitude and longitude were the best predictors of cell and body size. In general, smaller body and cell sizes in Florida anoles drove geographic patterns in A. carolinensis. Small size in Florida may be attributable to the geological history of the peninsular state or the unique ecological factors in this area, including a recently introduced congener. In contrast to previous studies, we found that A. carolinensis does not follow Bergmann's rule when the influence of Florida is excluded. Rather, the opposite pattern of larger lizards in southern populations is evident in the absence of Florida populations, and mirrors the general pattern in squamates. Muscle cell size was negatively related to latitude and red blood cell size showed no latitudinal trend outside of Florida. Different patterns in the sizes of the 2 cell types confirm the importance of examining multiple cell types when studying geographic variation in cell size.
Multi-Resolution Spin-Images

Johnson and Heberts spin-images have been applied to the registration of range images and object recognition with much success because they are rotation, scale, and pose invariant. In this paper we address two issues concerning spin-images, namely: (1) comparing uncompressed spinimages across large datasets is costly, and (2) a method to select the appropriate bin size and image width for spinimages is not clearly defined. Our solution to these issues is a multi-resolution method that generates a pyramid of spin-images by successively decreasing the spin-image size by powers of two. To efficiently correlate surface points, we compare spin-images in a low-to-high resolution manner. Once multi-resolution spin-images are generated for a given object, we have found that the different resolutions can also be used to compare objects that have differing or non-uniform point densities. To select the appropriate bin sizes for comparing such objects, we use the ratio of the average edge lengths of the objects. We also show preliminary results of using the pyramid to converge on the appropriate image width by traversing the pyramid in a low-to-high resolution manner looking for the highest resolution at which the fewest number of highly correlated points are found to match a given feature point.
Cyberinfrastructure: Empowering a "Third Way" in Biomedical Research

Biomedicine has experienced explosive growth, fueled in parts by the substantial increase of government support, continued development of the biotechnology industry, and the increasing adoption of molecular-based medicine. At its core, it is composed of fiercely independent, innovative, entrepreneurial individuals, organizations, and institutions. The field has developed unprecedented capacity to characterize biologic systems at their most fundamental levels with the use of tools and technologies almost unimaginable a generation ago. Biomedicine is at the precipice of unlocking the very essence of biologic life and enabling a new generation of medicine. Development and deployment of cyberinfrastructure may prove to be on the critical path to obtaining these goals.
Gender processes in school functioning and the mediating role of cognitive self-regulation

abstract Article history:Received 25 March 2013Received in revised form 17 February 2014Accepted 24 February 2014Available online xxxxKeywords:Self-regulationGenderSocial developmentAttentionAcademic achievementSchool functioning The catalysts for genderdiscrepanciesacross developmental outcomes are widely debated. Thisstudy examinescognitiveself-regulation(CSR)asamechanismforunderstandinggenderdifferencesinscholasticperformance—bothsubjectiveschoolfunctioningandobjectivestandardizedachievement.UtilizinganationalsamplefromtheNICHD SECCYD (n = 1364), not only does CSR (i.e., attention and executive function) in 3rd grade mediate therelation between early mother–child interactions (at 54 months) and scholastic outcomes (in 5th grade), but italso predicts gender discrepancies favoring girls in grades, work persistence and socio-emotional development.Additional exploratory evidence suggests quality mother–child interactions may be more meaningful for girls'CSR; however, for boys, CSR is more predictive of school functioning. Both school functioning and standardizedachievement were utilized in this study and highlight that gender differences in development and learning arenuanced and not readily discernible across all measures of scholastic performance. Implications for futureresearch, intervention, and practice are discussed.© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Regulation under disturbances with multiple harmonics of unknown frequency

In this paper, we address the regulation problem for a linear plant driven by a neutrally stable exosystem. It is assumed that the plant is subjected to an exogenous disturbance, and that this signal is formed of known harmonics of a sinusoidal reference signal whose frequency is unknown. Such an exosystem is motivated by the case where the system possesses an input nonlinearity like hysteresis. We propose an adaptive servocompensator requiring estimation of only the primary frequency. Using two-time-scale analysis, we establish the semi-global convergence of the parameter error to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero, when the adaptation gain is small enough and when the disturbance is sufficiently small comparing to the reference signal. The proposed control scheme involves far fewer adaptation variables than existing methods, and its performance is verified in both simulation and experiments conducted on a nanopositioning stage.
The Application of Referent Cognitions Theory to Legal-Claiming by Terminated Workers: The Role of Organizational Justice and Anger

This research utilizes referent cognitions theory (RCT, Folger, 1993) to investigate the filing of discrimination legal-claims by terminated workers. Specifically, three questions are investigated: (1) whether procedural, distributive, and interactional justice interact to predict discrimination legal-claiming; (2) whether state anger (a reaction to a situation) partially mediates the relationship between the three-way interaction of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice, and legal-claiming; and (3) whether trait anger (a dispositional trait) moderates the relationship between this three-way justice interaction and legal-claiming. Five hundred eighty-three terminated employees were surveyed at unemployment insurance offices on the east coast. The results support predictions that a three-way justice interaction predicts legal-claiming, that state anger is a partial mediator of this relationship, and that trait anger moderates the relationship between the three-way justice interaction and lega...
Developmental changes in embryonic and extra-embryonic insulin-like growth factor-I tissue concentrations in the turkey embryo

The ontogeny of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue concentrations were determined in the developing turkey embryo. At 2-d intervals, starting on Day 6 of incubation, individual tissues (n = 8 for each stage of incubation) were removed, weighed, pulverized, and extracted in 1 M acetic acid for IGF-I determination. Amniotic and allantoic fluid were collected starting on Day 8, serum on Day 12, and analyzed for IGF-I levels. Serum IGF-I levels were the lowest on Days 12 and 28 of incubation (5.9 and 9.5 ng/mL), respectively, and the highest on Day 20 (16.2 ng/mL). Allantoic and amniotic fluid IGF-I concentrations were essentially unchanged during incubation. Extra-embryonic tissue IGF-I levels increased in both the yolk sac and chorioallantoic membranes as incubation advanced with concentrations being 8- to 10-fold greater in the chorioallantois. Embryo tissue IGF-I concentrations varied greatly with regard to tissue and stage of development. Brain IGF-I levels were the highest on Day 8 and lowest on Day 26 (423 vs 35 pg/mg protein, respectively). Tissue IGF-I pattern in the heart mirrored that of brain. Liver IGF-I was low (< 40 pg/mg protein) from Day 10 to 20 and undetectable on Days 22 to 28. Muscle IGF-I levels were similar in the final days of development to those observed in early incubation. Bone IGF-I levels were highest in mid-incubation and lowest on Day 26. Peptide levels in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) tract and gizzard were dissimilar in that IGF-I was elevated in the GI tract in early incubation and declined with advancing incubation, whereas gizzard IGF-I levels peaked in late incubation. It is apparent that tissue synthesis of IGF-I is differentially regulated within a given tissue and stage of incubation during embryogenesis in the turkey embryo.
Occurrence of pantothenyl cysteine in natural materials.

SummaryA bioautographic technic has been described for the detection of PA conjugates in natural materials. 0.2 γ of PA, PA-cysteine and CoA can be detected. The occurrence of PA-cysteine in beef liver is indicated by this method.
Noninvasive quantitation of left ventricular wall thickening using cine magnetic resonance imaging with myocardial tagging.

Abstract In conclusion, cine gradient-echo MRI with myocardial tagging, using the apical long-axis and 4- and 2-chamber views, can quantify segmental wall motion with excellent reproducibility in follow-up studies. The combination of these 3 apical views permits rapid, complete assessment of all myocardial segments in a manner comparable to the standard segments used in echocardiography. This quantitative technique will offer substantial advantages in pharmacologic stress MRI studies performed for the detection of coronary artery disease or the assessment of contractile reserve during dobutamine infusion, as well as in studies of ventricular remodeling and its relation to left ventricular function.