cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MULTICENTRE STUDY OF PIROXICAM VERSUS NAPROXEN IN JUVENILE CHRONIC ARTHRITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROBLEM AREAS IN CLINICAL TRIALS OF NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN CHILDHOOD

Clinical trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are necessary in juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) but pose certain problems highlighted and discussed in this study, including recruitment, the assessment of efficacy, and the heterogeneity of the disease. In a multicentre 8-week double-blind cross-over study using the double-dummy technique, piroxicam was compared with naproxen in 47 children with seronegative JCA aged 5-16 years. No significant difference between the two treatments was found in either the clinical variables measured or the parent/patient and physician preference at the end of the study. Side-effect profiles of the two drugs were similar, mainly gastrointestinal disturbances. Piroxicam may be a useful alternative NSAID in JCA, particularly in view of its once-daily dosage.
Bilateral percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation in dual conduits from the subpulmonary ventricle to the pulmonary arteries

Percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) of bovine valves mounted in a stent (Melody®, Medtronic) has become a well-established therapy in patients with significant dysfunction of conduits between the right ventricle and the pulmonary arteries. Increasing experience with this technique has allowed to extend the limits of application. We report PPVI in a 32-year-old patient who was referred with heart failure due to complex congenital heart disease including atrial situs inversus, double discordance …
High time-resolution photodetectors for PET applications

This paper describes recent developments aiming at the improvement of the time resolution of photodetectors used in positron emission tomography (PET). Promising photodetector candidates for future PET-time-of-flight (TOF) applications are also discussed.
History of Emergency Ultrasound

commemoration such as this one, describing the history and progress of theuse of diagnostic ultrasound for a specific clinical area, in this case emergencyultrasonography, is a difficult one. This is true because emergency ultrasonog-raphy, like any other commemorated clinical area, owes its information andtechniques to the early pioneers of the entire field of diagnostic ultrasound. It was theirwork that allowed clinicians, scientists, and early sonographic imagers to imagine andthen to actually image many areas within the human body.
Success and Discounted Salaries: The Case of Major League Baseball

Professional athletes often cite the desire to be employed by more successful teams. If playing for more a more successful team increases the utility of individual athletes, then they should be willing to accept a negative compensating wage differential for the team-specific amenity of success. However, more successful teams earn more revenue and place a greater value on any given player, allowing them to outbid other teams. This demand-side effect will have a tend to increase salaries of players employed by more successful teams. The purpose of this paper is to test whether or not players trade off salary in order to be employed by more successful teams, holding constant the team's demand. The evidence suggests that such a compensating wage differential does exist in Major League Baseball.
Shallow Ditch Safety in Anisotropic Clay

The potential collapse of temporary unsupported shallow vertical cuts in soil poses an extremely hazardous condition during the construction process. The conventional method of analyzing the safety of slopes is done by assuming the failure surface to be the arc of a circle. More recently, Ellis presented a stability analysis of shallow ditch cuts in homogeneous soil assuming the failure surface to be a cycloidal arc. In the preceding analysis, the tensile strength of soil and the shear stresses on the vertical planes due to horizontal compressive stresses of the trial section were neglected. The factor of safety of the cut was defined as the minimum value of the ratio of the available shear strength to the mobilized shear strength along any point of the critical failure surface. Essentially, the purpose of this paper is to extend the stability analysis of temporary shallow vertical cuts conducted by Ellis to anisotropic clay and to determine the effect of clay anisotropy on the factor of safety of the cut. In this study, the assumptions used will be similar to those of Ellis, and the failure surface will be taken as a cycloidal arc.
The Legacy of Dictatorship for Democratic Parties in Latin America

When dictators seize power, they face a choice about how to deal with the pre-existing political parties. Some simply repress all parties, some ally themselves with one of the traditional parties and use it to help organize their rule, and others repress pre-existing parties but create a new party to support themselves. This study examines how these decisions affect the subsequent development of party systems after redemocratization. Looking at the experience of Latin America, a region that has experienced its share of dictatorships, we show that dictators who allied with traditional parties or repressed existing ones have contributed to very stable party systems. By contrast, dictators who repressed the old parties but created a new one destabilized their countries’ party systems for some time after the return of democracy.
Household Food Security and Food Sovereignty: Framing the Future of Hunger and Agriculture

Globally, agriculture is both threatened by and contributing to the converging, interlinked problems of hunger, malnutrition, climate change, resource competition, and the degradation of natural resources critical to food production, including the health and resilience of agroecosystems. Sustainable solutions to hunger will maximize the multifunctional potential of agriculture to address a multi-faceted crisis. Realizing this potential depends on the resolution of a political struggle over contrasting food system models, rooted in contrary visions of what it means to resolve hunger. This paper analyzes the logics and claims embedded in the “food frames” employed by the World Bank and peasant organization Via Campesina to define their respective visions of food security and the food system best suited to achieve it. This analysis reveals that these frames express dramatically different conceptions of the causes of hunger, the roles of corporations and peasant producers, and the social functions of agriculture. I argue that these conceptual foundations are directly related both to the food system models the organizations propose, and to the relative ability of each model to address the related problems of hunger, the empowerment of food producers, and environmental crisis. These foundations also express themselves in different futures for the social role of agriculture, and the lives of its participants: choosing a path for resolving hunger is a political act.
Abstract 3184: Diagnostic value of Annexin A1 as a marker for myoepithelial cells in normal breast glands but is lost in malignant breast glands

Introduction: Annexin AI belongs to the annexin family of Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins. Annexin I has been of interest for use as a potential target for anticancer drugs. Upon induction by modified NSAIDS and other potent anti-inflammatory drugs, annexin I inhibits the NF-κB signal transduction pathway, which is exploited by cancerous cells to proliferate and avoid apoptosis. ANXA1 inhibits the activation of NF-κB by binding to the p65 subunit. Methods: We used immunohistochemistry stain of Annexin A1 monoclonal antibody to study its expression in 100 cases of breast tissue, 50 cases of normal tissue vs. 50 cases of malignant tissue, using tissue micro array (TMA). Results: Our analysis show a decreased expression of Annexin A1 in malignant tissues compared to non-malignant tissues. Annexin A1 stains myoepithelial cells in 95 % of normal glands, but it is absent in 90 % of the periphery malignant glands. This is most likely due to the absence of the myoepithelial cells. Conclusion: We conclude that Annexin A1 has diagnostic value in breast pathology by staining myoepithelial cells of normal gland in addition to its characteristic in staining of normal ductal cells at different intensity. Annexin A1 could be used as a biomarker for myoepithelial cells in surgical pathology practice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3184. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3184
Response of thymus and other human lymphoid tissues to PHA, PWM and genetically dissimilar lymphoid cells.

SummaryWhen human thymus, tonsil and appendix cells were exposed in vitro to PHA, PWM or allogeneic lymphoid cells for 2 to 3 days, blast cells were observed. Studies suggest that in mixed lymphoid cultures, the blast cells may have originated from both donors. Infrequently, in cultures containing transformed cells, an absence of H3-thymidine incorporation was observed by radioautography.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Gold Nanobelts

Gold nanobelts were synthesized by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with ascorbic acid in the presence of the surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecylsulfate. The resulting structures have rectangular cross sectional dimensions that are tens of nanometers and lengths that are tens to hundreds of micrometers. We find that the nanobelt yield and resulting structures are very sensitive to temperature which is likely due to the transition of the surfactant solution from wormlike micelles to spherical micelles. The nanobelt crystal structure contains a mixture of face centered cubic and hexagonally close packed lattice phases that can be isolated and examined individually due to the unique nanobelt size and shape.
Latino U.S. State Legislators in the 1990s: Majority-Minority Districts, Minority Incorporation, and Institutional Position

The creation of racial/ethnic majority-minority districts lies at the heart of debates regarding the utility of descriptive representation for minority policy advocacy. The general puzzle that emerges from these debates, however, rests on the possibility that by electing representatives who are policy outsiders, minority interests would exert little influence in the policy decisions of median-dominated institutions. The authors present a model that shows how majority-minority districts can act to (1) increase the likelihood of electing minority representatives who are unique policy advocates and (2) concurrently increase the level of institutional status of descriptive representatives. The empirical analysis employs a novel data set of observations on political, sociodemographic, roll-call and institutional position, covering twenty U.S. states in the late 1990s and over 2,600 state legislative seats to show how majority-minority districts produce policy outsiders as well as institutional insiders.
Commensuration and Discommensuration in the Ag-Mg Alloys

Commensuration and discommensuration characteristics of the long period superlattice in the Ag-Mg alloys near Ag3Mg with short modulation periods (M ≃ 2) are investigated. When quenched from 650°C, the modulation periods M of these alloys is found to take theoretical values determined by the size of the Fermi surface, while upon further annealing at low temperatures, alloys assume the commensurate structure M=2, except for those alloys with theoretical M values substantially different from 2. These alloys approach the periodic discommensuration structures of the type or its variants whose average periods M are closest to the theoretical incommensurate values. This behavior leads to the conclusion that the formation of the long period superlattice in these alloys is basically due to the CDW formation and that the commensuration and the discommensuration characteristics are determined by the free energy of the modulation boundaries.
Prediction of Railroad Track Foundation Defects Using Wavelets

This paper presents a novel technique that utilizes wavelet analysis to identify and predict the defects in railroad foundations and rails to prevent derailment or other damages. The proposed defect detection algorithm eliminates the use of wheel and/or track monitoring systems, which are expensive and time inefficient. The algorithm has been validated for the rail crack prediction using only vertical accelerometer signal which accurately detects impending rail breakage while distinguishing the signal generated by special track components such as rail joins and switches. Since the algorithm is flexible, further development can be tailored to detect significantly different rail defects such as track shift and other rail foundation defects. The algorithm is further improved by incorporating SIMPACK dynamic simulation to assist classification of the acceleration signatures. The actual data was then compared to simulation in order to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.© 2013 ASME
Cognition situation of new narcotic and AIDS knowledge among middle school students in Handan City.

[Objective]To understand the awareness degrees of middle school students towards elementary knowledge of new narcotic and AIDS,so as to carry out targeted research,and better protect middle school students against new narcotic and AIDS-related behavior. [Methods]Cluster sampling method was adopted to select 1 004 students from different types of schools in cities and counties for questionnaire survey. [Results]The knowledge obtaining level of male students was slightly higher than that of female students,with different gender characteristic on specific knowledge.Students of different majors focused on the different kinds of knowledge.They were lack of the knowledge about AIDS transmission route and non-transmission route to a certain extent. [Conclusion]Health education courses of new narcotic and AIDS prevention in school,the popularization of knowledge about sex and new drugs can be effectively prevented are the most fundamental and effective ways to ensure the healthy growth of young students,and avoid harm from drugs and AIDS.
Correcting bias from the standard linear adjustment of weaning weight to an age-constant basis for beef calves.

Standard linear adjustment of weaning weight to a constant age has been shown to introduce bias in the adjusted weight due to nonlinear growth from birth to weaning of beef calves. Ten years of field records from the five strains of Beefbooster Cattle Alberta Ltd. seed stock herds were used to investigate the use of correction factors to adjust standard 180-d weight (WT180) for this bias. Statistical analyses were performed within strain and followed three steps: 1) the full data set was split into an estimation set (ES) and a validation set (VS), 2) WT180 from the ES was used to develop estimates of correction factors using a model including herd (H), year (YR), age of dam (DA), sex of calf (S), all two and three-way interactions, and any significant linear and quadratic covariates of calf age at weaning deviated from 180 d (DEVCA) and interactions between DEVCA and DA, S or DA x S, and 3) significant DEVCA coefficients were used to correct WT180 from the VS, then WT180 and the corrected weight (WTCOR) from the VS were analyzed with the same model as in Step 2 and significance of DEVCA terms were compared. Two types of data splitting were used. Adjusted R2 was calculated to describe the proportion of total variation of DEVCA terms explained for WT180 from the ES. The DEVCA terms explained .08 to 1.54% of the total variation for the five strains. Linear and quadratic correction factors were both positive and negative. Bias in WT180 from the ES within 180 +/- 35 d of age ranged from 2.8 to 21.7 kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Application of MINDO to Adsorption and Catalysis

The development and application of a semiempirical method, MINDO/SR, is described. The resulting calculations provide information about relative energies of adsorption and reaction paths for molecules on transition metal surfaces. Only fragments of this information are available from experimental data or ab initio calculations. MINDO/SR is parameterized to give bond energies and lengths in agreement with experimental values for transition metals and explicitly includes electron-electron repulsion terms and filling of orbitals by symmetry. The results give considerable insight into the interaction of hydrogen, CO, etc. with Ni and Fe. Along with many specific results about relative energetics of adsorption on particular surface sites, a shift in the energy of the d band, which has been experimentally observed, has been found to be due to charge transfer and does not indicate direct d orbital contribution to the adsorption bond energy. Using diatomic energies the effect of one adsorbate on another is explicitly detailed to reveal, for example, that adsorbed H reduces the adsorption strength of coadsorbed CO but the H adsorption strength is not affected by the CO. The nature of catalysis is probed by potential energy surface calculations for one reaction proceeding by three different mechanisms which include a non-catalysed, homogeneously catalysed, and a heterogeneously catalysed path.
Optimal mean-square performance controller synthesis for MIMO networked systems with unreliable communication

This paper addresses optimal mean-square performance output feedback controller synthesis for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) linear systems subject to exogenous noise as well as communication dropouts on both the actuators and sensors. We are able to design optimal mean-square performance controllers for such systems convexly under certain information processing constraints on the controller which include a one step delayed acknowledgment from the actuator receiver available at the controller. Moreover, the synthesis result is achieved via a separation analogous to the classical ℋ2 synthesis results.
Detecting misinformation in online social networks before it is too late

While online social networks provide access to a massive information source, they also enable wide dissemination of false or inaccurate content. Undesirable results caused by misinformation propagation make its timely detection very imperative. An important question is how many monitors are required to detect all misinformation cascades at their early stage. To answer this question, we define a Time Constrained Misinformation Detection (TCMD) problem. As we have proved, there is no polynomial time (1 − e) ln n-approximation for the TCMD problem. The large number of independent misinformation cascades and heterogeneous delays make misinformation detection more challenging. Our approach includes stochastic programming and an O(ln(1 + n)) approximation algorithm for one-hop detection. This approach can provide a lower bound on the number of required monitors for general detection. Furthermore, we propose a network-compression based solution, whose effectiveness is validated by extensive experimental results.
New "21st Century Cures" Legislation: Speed and Ease vs Science.

The 21st Century Cures Act was signed into law in December 2016. Praised by its advocates as a means of speeding drug development, the act covers several areas, but the provisions related to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will be among the most problematic and potentially important. An earlier version was passed with a wide margin by the House of Representatives in July 2015; it contained sweeping measures to permit manufacturers to submit less rigorous data to the FDA for approval of drugs and devices, and it recommended annual increases to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) budget of approximately 3% per year for 3 years as well as approximately $8.75 billion over 5 years in additional support.1 Further progress on the bill stalled for about a year until it was taken up again in the congressional session after the recent election.
Complete Genome Sequences of Legionella pneumophila subsp. fraseri Strains Detroit-1 and Dallas 1E

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequences of two of the earliest known strains of Legionella pneumophila subsp. fraseri. Detroit-1 is serogroup 1 and was isolated from a lung biopsy specimen in 1977. Dallas 1E is serogroup 5 and was isolated in 1978 from a cooling tower.
Two new species of Foa (Apogonidae) from the Pacific Plate, with redescriptions of Foa brachygramma and Foa fo

Species of the Indo-Pacific apogonid fish genus Foa known from the Pacific Plate are reviewed. The type species of Foa, F. brachygramma, is redescribed including information on the distribution of lateralis canal pores and free neuromasts on the head, body and caudal fin. This species, formerly ascribed as having a wide Indo-Pacific distribution, is restricted to the Hawaiian Islands. Foa fo, type locality Philippines, with an apparent Indo-Pacific distribution (but not the Hawaiian Islands), has 12–15 gill rakers (14–16 for F. brachygramma), and four or five irregular dark bars and whitish spots on the head and body (F. brachygramma has dark edging on the scales and lacks whitish spots). A lectotype from the Philippines is selected for Foa fo. Foa leisi is described as a new species from French Polynesia, olivaceous with three faint brown bars on body, one under each dorsal fin and on anterior on caudal peduncle; head and anterior body with dark-edged whitish spots. Foa nivosa is described as new species from Palau, Marshall Islands and Fiji, pale yellowish tan with numerous red-edged whitish spots, smaller on head. The axial skeletons are compared for Foa brachygramma, F. fo, F. hyalina, F. leisi, and F. nivosa. Foa madagascariensis and its synonym Apogonichthys zuluensis are not treated here, but Petit’s species is recognized as valid. The following characters can be used to identify species: color patterns, pored lateral-line scales as they vary with standard length, number of gill rakers and rudiments, mandibular pore and certain free neuromast patterns.
Increased harvest of anadromous hatchery steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), through return timing manipulation

Harvest hatchery programmes serve to augment fisheries but should also minimise impacts to wild populations. In an experiment to increase harvest in an anadromous hatchery steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), terminal river fishery, a new hatchery strain, was created using selective breeding of early arriving adults to the river. First-generation progeny of the new early arriving strain were reared and released over 4 years concurrent with releases of the standard hatchery strain. This study compares adult return timing, terminal harvest and straying behaviour of progeny of the early arriving and standard hatchery strains. The new strain migrated towards the terminal river fishery earlier, they were harvested earlier in the eight-month fishing season and their overall harvest was 17% greater, but 7.7% of the new strain strayed to other rivers compared to 5.0% of the standard strain. Selective breeding to match adult return timing with fishing effort may help bolster harvest, but a paired release evaluation, such as was conducted in this study, would be prudent before switching all hatchery production to a selectively bred strain.
Surrendering authorial agency and practicing transindividualism in Tumblr's role-play communities

The writer who engages in acts of online role-play or make-believe is often thought to promote him or herself as an individual agent. However, when members of Tumblr's role-play communities engage in play, they create scenes together that prompt surrender of authorial agency. In doing so, they engage in transindividual work, which allows them to work across, among, and between other entities until the boundaries of the self become porous rather than fixed.
RISE: An Automated Framework for Real-Time Intelligent Video Surveillance on FPGA

This paper proposes RISE, an automated Reconfigurable framework for real-time background subtraction applied to Intelligent video SurveillancE. RISE is devised with a new streaming-based methodology that adaptively learns/updates a corresponding dictionary matrix from background pixels as new video frames are captured over time. This dictionary is used to highlight the foreground information in each video frame. A key characteristic of RISE is that it adaptively adjusts its dictionary for diverse lighting conditions and varying camera distances by continuously updating the corresponding dictionary. We evaluate RISE on natural-scene vehicle images of different backgrounds and ambient illuminations. To facilitate automation, we provide an accompanying API that can be used to deploy RISE on FPGA-based system-on-chip platforms. We prototype RISE for end-to-end deployment of three widely-adopted image processing tasks used in intelligent transportation systems: License Plate Recognition (LPR), image denoising/reconstruction, and principal component analysis. Our evaluations demonstrate up to 87-fold higher throughput per energy unit compared to the prior-art software solution executed on ARM Cortex-A15 embedded platform.
Ocean observatories initiative coastal surface mooring technology

The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is directed to operate and maintain arrays of moored and mobile assets in six locations around the globe. These locations include two coastal arrays off of the east and west coasts of the United States and four global arrays in the Southern Ocean, Argentine Basin, Irminger Sea, and North Pacific. These arrays are currently operational, supplying oceanographic data to the scientific community in near real time. The moorings deployed at these arrays include a number of technological innovations in the field, resulting in some of the most complex mooring systems in use. There are several different classes of moorings in use by the OOI project. This paper will detail the primary systems of the Coastal Surface Moorings (CSMs) deployed off the east coast of the United States at the OOI Pioneer Array. The innovative systems designed into a CSM include networking and telemetry, power storage and generation, and electromechanical systems that span the distance from the seafloor to the surface. The mooring configuration includes a surface buoy with instrumentation at the air-sea interface, telemetry systems mounted over 4.5 meters above the sea surface, and power generation systems. A Near Surface Instrument Frame (NSIF) with instrumentation is located 5 meters below the surface. A MultiFunction Node (MFN) with instrumentation, communication, power distribution, and a recoverable anchor assembly is located on the sea floor. There are currently nine single board computers (SBCs), with room for expansion, distributed throughout various locations on the mooring. Several areas of technology had to be developed in order to implement this capability. The SBCs had to be networked together, creating a need for high speed connections, both to shore, and to the sea floor. The number of sensors and computers, and the use of high speed telemetry, translates to a significantly higher hotel power load than a typical offshore moored system. This power requirement led to the development of a power system with enough reserve storage and power generation to maintain operation over 6-month deployments.
Desirability, availability, credit assignment, category learning, and attention: Cognitive-emotional and working memory dynamics of orbitofrontal, ventrolateral, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices.

Background:The prefrontal cortices play an essential role in cognitive-emotional and working memory processes through interactions with multiple brain regions.Methods:This article further develops ...
Is there np pairing in N = Z nuclei?

The binding energies of even-even and odd-odd N=Z nuclei are compared. After correcting for the symmetry energy we find that the lowest T=1 state in odd-odd N=Z nuclei is as bound as the ground state in the neighboring even-even nucleus, thus providing evidence for isovector np pairing. However, T=0 states in odd-odd N=Z nuclei are several MeV less bound than the even-even ground states. We associate this difference with the T=1 pair gap and conclude from the analysis of binding energy differences and blocking arguments that there is no evidence for an isoscalar (deuteronlike) pair condensate in N=Z nuclei. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
The World Demand for Fractional Horsepower Direct-Current Motors

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the worldwide demand for and pricing of fractional horsepower direct-current motors. I refer to this type of motor as a micro-motor in this chapter. Micro-motors have numerous applications in automobiles for power mirrors, door locks, and air-conditioning dampers, as well as applications in children’s toys and in small appliances such as blow dryers, hair clippers, and shavers. These motors operate on direct current at fractions of a horsepower. Typically, single piece motors sell for about thirty-five to seventy-five cents, with an average of over 30 million pieces sold per year.
A General Model of Cortical Histogenesis: Studies in the Developing Cerebral Wall of the Mouse

The cerebral neocortex is formed of large populations of neurons, divisible into multiple classes in terms of their shapes and their patterns of connectivity and interaction with other neurons (Jones, 1984a). Neocortical neurons are arrayed in a series of five lamina, VI -II, deep to the overlying molecular layer I. Each of these is dominated by a principal class of neurons: polymorphic neurons in layer VI, large pyramidal neurons in layer V, granular neurons in layer IV and medium and small pyramidal neurons in layers III and II, respectively. The patterns of distribution of neuronal somata and axons within these laminae vary regionally throughout the entire neocortex (Jones, 1984a,b). These variations in pattern have served as criteria for multiple architectonic subdivisions or parcellations of the neocortex. Certain of these systems of parcellation, in particular that of Brodmann (1909) for which there is close homology across mammalian species, is reliably correlated with the underlying functional organization of the cerebrum (Zilles, 1990).
Semiconductor Interfaces and Their Implications to VLSI Device Reliability

As VLSI technology approaches the era of giga-bit or billion transistors on a chip with below 0.2 μm minimum geometry, the roles of semiconductor interfaces on device performance, especially reliability, would dramatically change from what they used to be. This paper covers the past and present status of MOSVLSI reliability physics and practice in accordance with the understanding of silicon interface phenomena, and discusses the future trends of technology and interface related reliability issues
Rapid Disaster Data Dissemination and Vulnerability Assessment through Synthesis of a Web-Based Extreme Event Viewer and Deep Learning

Infrastructure vulnerability has drawn significant attention in recent years, partly because of the occurrence of low-probability and high-consequence disruptive events such as 2017 hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria, 2011 Tuscaloosa and Joplin tornadoes, and 2015 Gorkha, Nepal, and 2017 Central Mexico earthquakes. Civil infrastructure systems support social welfare, thus viability and sustained operation is critical. A variety of frameworks, models, and tools exist for advancing infrastructure vulnerability research. Nevertheless, providing accurate vulnerability measurement remains challenging. This paper presents a state-of-the-art data collection and information extraction methodology to document infrastructure at high granularity to assess preevent vulnerability and postevent damage in the face of disasters. The methods establish a baseline of preevent infrastructure functionality that can be used to measure impacts and temporal recovery following a disaster. The Extreme Events Web Viewer (EEWV) presented as part of the methodology is a GIS-based web repository storing spatial and temporal data describing communities before and after disasters and facilitating data analysis techniques. This web platform can store multiple geolocated data formats including photographs and 360° videos. A tool for automated extraction of photography from 360° video data at locations of interest specified in the EEWV was created to streamline data utility. The extracted imagery provides a manageable data set to efficiently document characteristics of the built and natural environment. The methodology was tested to locate buildings vulnerable to flood and storm surge on Dauphin Island, Alabama. Approximately 1,950 buildings were passively documented with vehicle-mounted 360° video. Extracted building images were used to train a deep learning neural network to predict whether a building was elevated or nonelevated. The model was validated, and methods for iterative neural network training are described. The methodology, from rapidly collecting large passive datasets, storing the data in an open repository, extracting manageable datasets, and obtaining information from data through deep learning, will facilitate vulnerability and postdisaster analyses as well as longitudinal recovery measurement.
Polymerase-δ-interacting protein 2 activates the RhoGEF epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Polymerase-δ-interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) controls a wide variety of cellular functions and vascular pathologies. To mediate these effects, Poldip2 interacts with numerous proteins and generates...
Inhibition of USP7 activity selectively eliminates senescent cells in part via restoration of p53 activity

The accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) is a causal factor of various age-related diseases as well as some of the side effects of chemotherapy. Pharmacological elimination of SnCs (senolysis) has the potential to be developed into novel therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases and pathological conditions. Here we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7) is a novel target for senolysis because inhibition of USP7 with an inhibitor or genetic depletion of USP7 by RNA interference induces apoptosis selectively in SnCs. The senolytic activity of USP7 inhibitors is likely attributable in part to the promotion of the human homolog of mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) ubiquitination and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This degradation increases the levels of p53, which in turn induces the pro-apoptotic proteins PUMA, NOXA, and FAS and inhibits the interaction of BCL-XL and BAK to selectively induce apoptosis in SnCs. Further, we show that treatment with a USP7 inhibitor can effectively eliminate SnCs and suppress the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) induced by doxorubicin in mice. These findings suggest that small molecule USP7 inhibitors are novel senolytics that can be exploited to reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicities and treat age-related diseases.
Descriptive Overview of Primary Cleft Palate Surgeries in the Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Objective:To increase access to high-quality and multiregional databases in global epidemiology of cleft surgeries through partnership with an NGO.Design:The study retrospectively analyzes 34 801 p...
8 – Cathepsin D

Publisher Summary This chapter elaborates the structural chemistry and the biological aspects of cathepsin D. It is an endopeptidase with a pH optima between pH 3.5 and 5.0, dependent on the substrate and assay conditions. Cathepsin D is derived from a precursor that is highly related in amino acid sequence to other aspartic proteinases. Depending on the species, the precursor undergoes at least two and as many as five distinct proteolytic cleavages to generate the forms isolated from tissues and cells. Thus, the enzyme is heterogeneous with regard to molecular weight and pI. The human cathepsin D precursor comprises 412 amino acids and has been termed ‘preprocathepsin D.’ Preprocathepsin D has 410 residues in mouse, 407 in rat and 398 in chicken. The precursor contains an N-terminal secretion signal peptide, which is 20 residues in human and which is cleaved during translocation across the membrane to generate an inactive procathepsin D (392 residues in human). The most common assay uses denatured hemoglobin as a substrate and measures activity by the release of peptides soluble in trichloroacetic acid.
El Tahuantinsuyo: El espacio político y el cuerpo útil en las obras de Martín de Murúa y de Guamán Poma de Ayala

In this study I make a comparison between the General Peruvian History (1590, 1614) by Martin Murua, and the New Chronicle and Good Government (1615) by Guaman Poma de Ayala. This comparison is based on textual and visual analysis of the construction of the body and space. Murua tries to create a history according to the traditional Western idea, thus he aims to inform Spain about Peru. In Murua, the mitmas and the chasquis are bodies that served as military tools to keep the space of the Tahuantinsuyo in order. It reveals that the mitmas and the chasquis are strategies that provide mobility and expandability to the Inca State. While Guaman Poma de Ayala builds the Tahuantinsuyo, the mitmas and the chasquis aiming to show the ability of the Andean peoples to govern themselves by means of advanced military and communicationsystems, Guaman Poma makes use of these aspects as an example of their resistance to the colonial government. Murua, however, illustrates that these systems are kept, but at the service of the Spanish rule. In this study I start from the theory of Lefebvre, who emphasizes that the bodies set up various social practices that transform this space (27-41). Grosz also illustrates that the body functions as a place of social, political, cultural and geographical registration (23). Therefore, the space and the body are shaped in accordance with an established ideology, where the political, social and work colonial relationships show the constitution of an order.
Characterization of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Identifies M0 Macrophage-Enriched Cluster as a Poor Prognostic Factor in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

PURPOSEHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a poor prognosis and a high recurrence rate. The tumor immune microenvironment in HCC has been characterized as shifted toward immunosuppre...
The Blockchain Art Simulation (BARTS) and Experiential Exercises

This paper introduces the online Blockchain ART Simulation (BARTS) and a set of experiential online exercises that illustrate hashing concepts for validating blockchain transactions. Our premise is that understanding the role of secure hashing algorithms in the mining process is the primary conceptual impediment for students to gain an accurate picture of the validation process for blockchain transactions. The BARTS simulation helps develop the conceptual foundation for understanding hashing concepts, and it also leads to understanding blockchain-related concepts. In addition to assisting in understating blockchain concepts, the BARTS simulation and the accompanying exercises are useful in understanding and applying hashing concepts related to password verification, verifying software signatures, digital content signature verification, and averting man-in-the-middle threats.
Measuring stocks of community wealth and their association with food systems efforts in rural and urban places

Abstract Sustainable community development relies on cumulative investments in a broad range of capital assets, yet little research sets forth comprehensive measures of their stocks or the relationships of capital assets to community outcomes. Building off conceptual frameworks for wealth creation, we develop a comprehensive set of indicators associated with stocks of community-based wealth at the county level. Including such indicators when evaluating community outcomes addresses a missing-variables problem of prior efforts and allows one to control for and quantify the importance of community capital assets in concert with traditional modeling efforts. To illustrate their use, we evaluate the association between the percentage of farms selling through direct-to-consumer channels and community capital stocks for both metro and nonmetro counties, capturing direct and indirect spillovers. Our results demonstrate clear differences in the association of capital stocks and the percentage of farms’ direct-to-consumer channel adoption across counties classified as metro and nonmetro (and their adjacency to metro counties), suggesting that the success of food system interventions, policies, and strategies for local economic development may hinge on the preexisting levels of community capitals and/or the need for planners to develop them further.
Why Has Europe Grown More Slowly than the U.S.? The Impact of the Twin Financial Crises

We focus on the first 20 years of the Euro, from 1999 to 2019, and we split this period into two approximate decades to examine the performance of three benchmarks: the real GDP quarterly growth, the annualized real per capita GDP changes and unemployment. These illustrate that the under performance of Europe is more evident during the second decade. Searching for causes we find that the Global Financial Crisis was an exogenous shock to the EU but its impact was large in both the U.S. and the EU. One major reason is that the U.S. responded quickly and aggressively both fiscally and via an unconventional monetary policy. The Euro area was constrained by a European Central Bank that focused on price stability and fiscal policy was not much of an option. The second shock of the Sovereign Debt Crisis was endogenous to the Euro area and it, more than the Global Financial Crisis revealed the original weaknesses and fragility of the European monetary union. This financial fragility quickly translated into declines in aggregate demand and economic under performance.
SVJAM: Joint Analysis of Structural Variants Using Linked Read Sequencing Data

Linked-read whole genome sequencing methods, such as the 10x Chromium, attach a unique molecular barcode to each high molecular weight DNA molecule. The samples are then sequenced using short-read technology. During analysis, sequence reads sharing the same barcode are aligned to adjacent genomic locations. The pattern of barcode sharing between genomic regions allows the discovery of large structural variants (SVs) in the range of 1 Kb to a few Mb. Most SV calling methods for these data, such as LongRanger, analyze one sample at a time and often produces inconsistent results for the same genomic location across multiple samples. We developed a method, SVJAM, for joint calling of SVs, using data from 152 members of the BXD family of recombinant inbred strains of mice. Our method first collects candidate SV regions from single sample analysis, such as those produced by LongRanger. We then retrieve barcode overlapping data from all samples for each region. These data are organized as a high dimensional matrix. The dimension of this matrix is then reduced using principal component analysis. Samples projected onto a two dimensional space formed by the first two principal components forms two or three clusters based on their genotype, representing the reference, alternative, or heterozygotic alleles. We developed a novel distance measure for hierarchical clustering and rotating the axes to find the optimal clustering results. We also developed an algorithm to decide whether the pattern of sample distribution is best fitted with one, two, or three genotypes. For each sample, we calculate its membership score for each genotype. We compared results produced by SVJAM with LongRanger and few methods that rely on PacBio or Oxford Nanopore data. In a comparison of SVJAM with SV detected using long-read sequencing data for the DBA/2J strain, we found that our results recovered many SVs missed by LongRanger. We also found many SVs called by LongRanger were assigned with an incorrect SV type. Our algorithm also consistently identified heterozygotic regions.
Roads less travelled

My life and career can be characterized as a series of roads less travelled. I began my academic journey as a woman with family responsibilities at a time when the academy was largely dominated by men and women were expected to know their place. I pursued service-oriented scholarship in an environment that favored more basic research. I was unexpectedly thrust into the policy arena as a result of my scholarly pursuits. I became a dean when I had never aspired to this type of leadership. The following describes my journey on these roads and the lessons I learned along the way.
ECG Predictors of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure

The relatively high prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and the associated impaired quality of life particularly in older women signifies the importance of this condition and its prevention. In age groups older than 75 years approximately 60 % of all AF patients are women. AF is associated with increased risk of CVD death and in some large population studies the risk has been found to be higher in women than in men.
High acetylcholine levels set circuit dynamics for attention and encoding and low acetylcholine levels set dynamics for consolidation.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on how the different physiological effects of acetylcholine could interact to alter specific functional properties of the cortex. Computational modeling demonstrates that the combined physiological effects of acetylcholine serve to enhance the influence of afferent input on neuronal spiking activity, while reducing the influence of internal and feedback processing. Computational models also demonstrate how these network properties can be interpreted functionally as both enhancing attention to sensory stimuli and enhancing the encoding of new memories. The levels of acetylcholine in the hippocampus and neocortex change dramatically during different stages of waking and sleep. High levels of acetylcholine during active waking may set appropriate dynamics for attention to sensory input or encoding of new information. At the same time, the cholinergic suppression of excitatory feedback connections prevents interference from internal processing of previously stored information. Lower levels of acetylcholine during quiet waking and slow wave sleep may provide a release from this suppression of excitatory feedback, allowing stronger spread of activity within the hippocampus and from hippocampus to entorhinal cortex, thereby facilitating the process of consolidation of separate memory traces.
Insurgent Collective Action and Civil War in El Salvador: ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH IN THE SHADOW OF CIVIL WAR

We feel a great patience. If we forget what we have suffered, it will come again. We want to press for change, we can't forget all we've suffered. Campesina , Tenancingo, 1987 We have lived the deepest truth of the war. Cooperativist, Los Horcones, 1992 To explore why some campesinos rebelled in contested areas of El Salvador before and during the civil war, my principal research strategy was to ask participants in the insurgency why they supported it, and to ask others why they did not. For revolutionary social movements, this is not usually done; the scholarly analysis of peasant rebellions, revolutions, civil wars, and even some social movements often relies on official or elite sources. In particular, as Nancy Bermeo (1986) and Nora Kriger (1992) argue, the study of peasant insurgency often relies not on the accounts of peasants themselves but on the memoirs of elite revolutionary leaders who are usually from a different class or on macro level data. One reason of course is that peasant actors are often illiterate or semi-literate and leave few written accounts of their actions, although oral sources in the form of stories and songs may be very rich. Participant accounts, be they elite memoirs, the few biographies of peasant participants available (which were often dictated to journalists or other literate interlocutors), or other accounts based on oral histories, rarely address social science concerns of how representative the narrator is or whether alternative accounts better explain available evidence.