cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An analytic satellite theory using gravity and a dynamic atmosphere

An analytical solution is given for the motion of an artifical Earth satellite under the combined influences of gravity and atmospheric drag. The gravitational effects of the zonal harmonicsJ2,J3, andJ4 are included, and the drag effects of any arbitrary dynamic atmosphere are included. By a dynamic atmosphere, we mean any of the modern empirical models which use various observed solar and geophysical parameters as inputs to produce a dynamically varying atmosphere model. The subtleties of using such an atmosphere model with an analytic theory are explored, and real world data is used to determine the optimum implementation. Performance is measured by predictions against real world satellites. As a point of reference, predictions against a special perturbations model are also given.
A novel SWIR detector with an ultra-high internal gain and negligible excess noise

Short wave infrared (SWIR) imaging systems have several advantages due to the spectral content of the nightglow and better discrimination against camouflage. Achieving single photon detection sensitivity can significantly improve the image quality of these systems. However, the internal noise of the detector and readout circuits are significant barriers to achieve this goal. One can prove that the noise limitations of the readout can be alleviated, if the detector exhibits sufficiently high internal gain. Unfortunately, the existing detectors with internal gain have a very high noise as well. Here we present the recent results from our novel FOcalized Carrier aUgmented Sensor (FOCUS). It utilizes very high charge compression into a nano-injector, and subsequent carrier injection to achieve high quantum efficiency and high sensitivity at short infrared at room temperature. We obtain internal gain values exceeding several thousand at bias values of less than 1 volt. The current responsivity at 1.55 µm is more than 1500 A/W, and the noise equivalent power (NEP) is less that 0.5 x10 -15 W/Hz ½ at room temperature. These are significantly better than the performance of the existing room temperature devices with internal gain. Also, unlike avalanche-based photodiodes, the measured excess noise factor for our device is near unity, even at very high gain values. The stable gain of the device combined with the low operating voltage are unique advantages of this technology for high-performance SWIR imaging arrays.
The effects of social anxiety and social skills on academic performance

This 2-year longitudinal study examined whether social anxiety, social skills, and other academic variables affect college grade point average (GPA) and academic persistence. First-year students (n=253) provided baseline data. Those who reported emotional control (e.g. hiding emotions) were less likely to persist. For GPA over the first 2 years of college, predictors included social skills, institutional commitment, academic and social adjustment, high school class rank, quantitative aptitude scores, gender, and ethnicity. Emotional control became a significant predictor of lower GPA by the third semester. Those with higher college adjustment scores, higher class ranks, higher quantitative aptitude scores, and female gender were more likely to earn higher GPAs. Social anxiety did not emerge as a significant predictor of college persistence or GPA.
Hormonal Control of Neutrophil Lysosomal Enzyme Release: Effect of Epinephrine on Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate

Human neutrophilic leukocytes release neutral protease and β-glucuronidase during cell contact with, and phagocytosis of, zymosan particles treated with rheumatoid arthritic serum. Release of lysosomal enzymes is inhibited by epinephrine and adenosine 39,59-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), but not by phenylephrine or adenosine 59-monophosphate. Inhibition of enzyme release by epinephrine may be mediated by cyclic AMP because the cyclic AMP in the neutrophils is increased by epinephrine treatment at the time when enzyme release is reduced.
Highways and Regional Realignment in an Economic Frontier: The Case of Hungary

A U.S. geographer analyzes the relationship between Hungarian highway accessibility and regional development from the demise of Communism to macro-economic stability of the late 1990s. Nodal accessibility is correlated with economic variables using early and late transition-era data. Transportation facilities, particularly controlled-access highways, are key components of European Union (EU) expansion strategy; therefore the EU provides much of the infrastructure financing in central and eastern European countries. The study analyzes compatibility of the EU's international agenda with goals of national growth and regional development in countries on the economic frontier of post-industrial Europe. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L91, O18, R40. 4 figures, 5 tables, 64 references.
Cooperative service delivery: the dynamics of public sector-private sector-civil society collaboration

Cooperative service delivery—the utilization by the public sector of civil society and/or the private sector for the delivery of public goods and services—is a growing phenomenon. In this article, the author examines three important aspects of these emerging relationships. These include the reason for this growing phenomenon; the forms which these relationships take; and the structural arrangements necessary to ensure the effectiveness of such efforts. It is noted that while philosophical and managerial beliefs are frequently cited reasons for such developments, political factors are equally important. The various approaches which government takes in the delivering of public goods and services are reviewed and it is seen that all of them lend themselves to cooperative initiatives. A number of necessary preconditions for effective cooperative service delivery are specified.
Presynaptic muscarinic facilitation of parasympathetic neurotransmission after sympathectomy in the rat choroid.

The effect of sympathectomy on parasympathetic regulation of ocular perfusion was investigated. Uveal blood flow through the vortex veins was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during electrical stimulation of the superior salivatory nucleus, which activates ocular parasympathetic nerves, in adult rats with intact innervation and 2 days or 6 weeks after excision of the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. In all groups, parasympathetic stimulation produced comparable increases in flux, which were abolished by the selective neuronal nitric-oxide synthetase inhibitor, 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole. Atropine had no effect in control and acutely sympathectomized rats but abolished the flux increase in four of six chronically sympathectomized animals, and 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) imidazole eliminated the residual response. The muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol did not affect basal flow in control or sympathectomized rats. However, bethanechol enhanced parasympathetically mediated vasodilation, but only in rats studied at 6 weeks after sympathectomy, a finding consistent with the appearance of muscarinic prejunctional facilitation of nitrergic transmission. In chronically sympathectomized rats, the M2 and M4 receptor antagonists methoctramine and tropicamide did not affect choroidal flow during parasympathetic activation. However, pirenzepine increased flux, implying the presence of M1inhibitory autoreceptors on these nerves. Parasympathetically mediated increased flux was partially blocked by the M3 antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy- N -methylpiperdine, and the remaining vasodilation was blocked by atropine. We conclude that parasympathetic prejunctional facilitatory M3 and probably M5 receptors adopt a crucial role after chronic sympathectomy in maintaining nitrergic vasodilatory ocular neurotransmission in the face of down-regulated nitric oxide transmitter mechanisms.
Unusual presentation of angiomyomatous hamartoma in an eight-month-old infant: case report and literature review

Background Evaluation of palpable neck masses may be a diagnostic problem in pediatric patients, with differential diagnosis including congenital, inflammatory, tumoral and traumatic lesions. Ultrasonography is usually a satisfactory method to make a correct pre-operative evaluation of neck masses, although diagnosis is often challenging for the surgeon and the radiologist and sometimes only possible after a histopathological examination of the resected lesion.
Alternatives of lead bearing solder alloys

Proposed legislation and regulation dealing with the use of lead in commercial products are the main driving forces in the search for lead-free solder replacements in printed circuit board assembly. Research into potential replacements for the use of lead-tin solder in surface mount applications has prompted examination of alternative interconnect materials which not only include lead-free solder alloys but also address the use of nonmetallic-based attachment systems. The author discusses the available free-lead substitutes with emphasis on performance considerations and current processing changes that might be warranted due to the use of alternative interconnected materials. The choice of a joining material will necessitate consideration and optimization of the entire assembly process, its individual constituents, and the resulting performance. A significant development effort will be required for joining material substitution to present assembly practices and successful implementation into electronic product manufacturing. >
Comparative Development of Eimeria tenella in Primary Chick Kidney Cell Cultures Derived from Coccidia-Resistant and -Susceptible Chickens

Abstract A sixfold difference in resistance to coccidia (Eimeria tenella) infection between a resistant and a susceptible line of Auburn White Leghorn chickens, derived by selective breeding, has been reported. The purpose of the following study was to determine whether the resistance or susceptibility phenomenon in the Auburn lines could be manifested in a homogeneous group of isolated host kidney cells that support E. tenella development in vitro but not normally in vivo. Propagation of the parasite in host cells in vitro eliminates humoral and cellular elements of immunity, and allows the study of host genetic influences at the cellular level. Differences in parasite development were examined between the two lines of cells in vitro after 48 and 96 h of incubation; time periods that reflect initial infection of the host cells by the parasite and the subsequent asexual development. Quantification of differences by liquid scintillation counting was based on parasite-specific incorporation of pyrimidines, specifically [3 H]-uracil. The results supported previous findings that overall E. tenella development was significantly greater in the host cells from the susceptible line than in the cells from the resistant cultures at both time periods.
Psyllids as Vectors of Emerging Bacterial Diseases of Annual Crops

Abstract. Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are important pests of agricultural crops worldwide. These insects may cause damage to plants by direct feeding and/or vectoring plant pathogens. Psyllid-transmitted bacterial diseases are increasingly becoming important in perennial and annual crops. Several reports have shown that the fastidious bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter’, vectored by at least four psyllid species, is associated with newly-emerging and economically important diseases of crops, including Huanglongbing or citrus greening disease in Citrus spp. and zebra chip in potatoes, Solanum tuberosum L. Huanglongbing is vectored by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kumayama, and the African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, whereas zebra chip is vectored by the potato/tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Sulc Recently, ‘Ca. Liberibacter’ has been associated for the first time with the carrot psyllid, Trioza apicalis Forster, and carrot, Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus, plants a...
SAFETY EFFECTS OF THE CONVERSION OF RURAL TWO-LANE TO FOUR-LANE ROADWAYS BASED ON CROSS-SECTIONAL MODELS

As congestion on two-lane rural roads increases, there is increasing interest in conversion to a four-lane undivided or four-lane divided facility within the same corridor. There is a surprising lack of research aimed at precisely estimating the safety benefits of these conversions. This lack is due in large part to the difficulty of conducting such research, because the best answer would result from analysis of a large sample of converted locations covering many different before-and-after configurations. The authors have attempted to estimate the benefits of such conversions by developing cross-sectional models producing crash rates for typical sections of two- and four-lane roadways in four different states. Predicted crash reductions for conversion from most typical two- to four-lane divided sections ranged from 40 to 60 percent. The reduction due to conversion to a four-lane undivided configuration is much less well defined, ranging from no effect to perhaps a 20 percent reduction. Continuing research...
Acetylene measurement in flames by chirp-based quantum cascade laser spectrometry

We have designed and characterized a mid-IR spectrometer built around a pulsed distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser using the characteristic frequency down-chirp to scan through the spectral region 6.5 cm−1 spectral region. The behavior of this chirp is extensively measured. The accuracy and detection limits of the system as an absorption spectrometer are demonstrated first by measuring spectra of acetylene through a single pass 16 cm absorption cell in real time at low concentrations and atmospheric pressure. The smallest detectable peak is measured to be ~1.5×10−4 absorbance units, yielding a minimum detectable concentration length product of 2.4 parts per million meter at standard temperature and pressure. This system is then used to detect acetylene within an ethylene-air opposed flow flame. Measurements of acetylene content as a function of height above the fuel source are presented, as well as measurements of acetylene produced in fuel breakdown as a function of preinjection fuel temperature.
Open science: Policy implications for the evolving phenomenon of user-led scientific innovation

From contributions of astronomy data and DNA sequences to disease treatment research, scientific activity by non-scientists is a real and emergent phenomenon, and raising policy questions. This involvement in science can be understood as an issue of access to publications, code, and data that facilitates public engagement in the research process, thus appropriate policy to support the associated welfare enhancing benefits is essential. Current legal barriers to citizen participation can be alleviated by scientists' use of the "Reproducible Research Standard," thus making the literature, data, and code associated with scientific results accessible. The enterprise of science is undergoing deep and fundamental changes, particularly in how scientists obtain results and share their work: the promise of open research dissemination held by the Internet is gradually being fulfilled by scientists. Contributions to science from beyond the ivory tower are forcing a rethinking of traditional models of knowledge generation, evaluation, and communication. The notion of a scientific "peer" is blurred with the advent of lay contributions to science raising questions regarding the concepts of peer-review and recognition. New collaborative models are emerging around both open scientific software and the generation of scientific discoveries that bear a similarity to open innovation models in other settings. Public engagement in science can be understood as an issue of access to knowledge for public involvement in the research process, facilitated by appropriate policy to support the welfare enhancing benefits deriving from citizen-science.
Elements of Nephron Function Important in Urolithiasis

The assessment of the elements of nephron function important in urolithiasis can be approached from two aspects. The first is to emphasize those elements of nephron function which most clearly correlate with the chemical composition of urinary stones. The resulting priority from this approach is illustrated in figure 1. From the listing, it is clear that calcium oxalate is most important in consideration of urolithiasis. On the other hand, a review of the pertinent research indicates that our fund of knowledge does not parallel the relevance to urolithiasis, and indeed, relatively little is known about the renal handling of oxalate. To illustrate the neglect of oxalate metabolism in renal physiology, it is noteworthy that the Handbook of Renal Physiology does not even list oxalate in the index. This may be due, at least in part, to the difficulties in measurement of oxalate. In this review, particular emphasis will be placed on the renal handling of calcium, phosphate, magnesium and uric acid with reference to oxalate where possible.
Metallic nickel nano- and fine particles induce JB6 cell apoptosis through a caspase-8/AIF mediated cytochrome c-independent pathway

Background: Carcinogenicity of nickel compounds has been well documented. However, the carcinogenic effect of metallic nickel is still unclear. The present study investigates metallic nickel nano- and fine particle-induced apoptosis and the signal pathways involved in this process in JB6 cells. The data obtained from this study will be of benefit for elucidating the pathological and carcinogenic potential of metallic nickel particles. Results: Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, we found that metallic nickel nanoparticles exhibited higher cytotoxicity than fine particles. Both metallic nickel nano- and fine particles induced JB6 cell apoptosis. Metallic nickel nanoparticles produced higher apoptotic induction than fine particles. Western-blot analysis showed an activation of proapoptotic factors including Fas (CD95), Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), caspase-8, death receptor 3 (DR3) and BID in apoptotic cells induced by metallic nickel particles. Immunoprecipitation (IP) western blot analysis demonstrated the formation of the Fas-related death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in the apoptotic process. Furthermore, lamin A and beta-actin were cleaved. Moreover, we found that apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was up-regulated and released from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Interestingly, although an up-regulation of cytochrome c was detected in the mitochondria of metallic nickel particle-treated cells, no cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm was found. In addition, activation of antiapoptotic factors including phospho-Akt (protein kinase B) and Bcl-2 was detected. Further studies demonstrated that metallic nickel particles caused no significant changes in the mitochondrial membrane permeability after 24 h treatment. Conclusion: In this study, metallic nickel nanoparticles caused higher cytotoxicity and apoptotic induction than fine particles in JB6 cells. Apoptotic cell death induced by metallic nickel particles in JB6 cells is through a caspase8/AIF mediated cytochrome c-independent pathway. Lamin A and beta-actin are involved in the process of apoptosis. Activation of Akt and Bcl-2 may play an important role in preventing cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm and may also be important in the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel particles. In addition, the results may be useful as an important reference when comparing the toxicities of different nickel compounds.
Image segmentation through energy minimization based subspace fusion

We present an image segmentation technique that fuses contributions from multiple feature subspaces using an energy minimization approach. For each subspace, we compute a per-pixel quality measure and perform a partitioning through the standard normalized cut algorithm. To fuse the subspaces into a final segmentation, we compute a subspace label for every pixel. The labeling is computed through the graph-cut energy minimization framework proposed by Boycov, Y., et al. (2001). Finally, we combine the initial subspace segmentation with the subspace labels obtained from the energy minimization to yield the final segmentation. We have implemented the algorithm and provide results for both synthetic and real images.
Relationship between hydrocarbon measurements and toxicity to a chironomid, fish larva and daphnid for oils and oil spill chemical treatments in laboratory freshwater marsh microcosms.

This research investigated the extent to which various common hydrocarbon measures can be used to predict toxicity to freshwater aquatic organisms due to fouling by oil. Actual toxicity results, on laboratory freshwater marsh microcosms using two watercolumn species and a benthic species, were described earlier. The hydrocarbon measures used were TPHg, TPHFID, TPHMS, TTAH (sum of 41 target aromatic hydrocarbons), principal components of 41 TAHs, and each individual TAH. In general, toxicity was more closely related to TPHMS levels than to TPHFID and (especially) TPHg levels. The strongest relationships were found for TTAH levels and for the principal components of the TAHs. Regressions of toxicity on many individual TAHs were also strong, with a single group of compounds explaining as much as 59% of the variation in survival. While the various regressions were highly significant statistically and at times able to accurately predict broad differences in toxicity, the high variation in survival at a specific hydrocarbon concentration indicates that these hydrocarbon measures can not substitute for actual toxicity determinations in accurately ranking the toxicity of samples from oiled freshwater marshes. # 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Small‐scale waves encountered during AASE

Variability on scales of 200 km or less in the lower stratosphere is examined using potential temperature data collected during the AASE campaign. Enhanced variability is found over regions containing topography presumably due to gravity waves. The effect of gravity wave critical levels on topographically induced variability is examined. A significant reduction in variability is found when a critical level is present.
Short-range transcriptional repressors mediate both quenching and direct repression within complex loci in Drosophila.

The early Drosophila embryo provides a unique system for the analysis of transcriptional repression since a broad spectrum of repressors are distributed in spatially distinct patterns. Kruppel (Kr) and snail (sna), two zinc finger repressors, are essential for segmentation and for the establishment of the mesoderm/neuroectoderm boundary, respectively. Both repressors were examined in the context of synthetic gene complexes containing modular promoters and divergently transcribed reporter genes. These studies indicate that Kr and sna function as short-range repressors, which can mediate either quenching or direct repression of the transcription complex, depending on the location of repressor sites. When located within an upstream enhancer, the repressor locally quenches nearby activators and permits other enhancers to interact with the transcription complex (enhancer autonomy). In contrast, when bound to promoter-proximal regions the repressor functions in a dominant fashion and blocks multiple enhancers. Local quenching and dominant repression require close linkage (<100 bp) of the repressor with either upstream activators or the transcription complex. These studies establish short-range repression as a flexible form of gene regulation and suggest that the key distinction among repressors is their range of action.
A study of 5- to 6-year-old children's peer dynamics and dialectical learning in a computer-based technology-rich classroom environment

The aim of the study was to explore characteristics of 5- to 6-year-old kindergartners' peer dynamics during a seven week learning experience in a computer-based technology-rich classroom in the US. The children (9 boys and 9 girls) were placed in pairs by the classroom teacher, based on her perception of the their friendships. Measures of each child's computer proficiency were obtained at the beginning and conclusion of the experience, using a 20-item instrument called the individualized computer proficiency checklist (ICPC), developed for this study. Overall, the children showed an average gain of 38.5% on their ICPC scores. Paired children who differed in computer proficiencies but shared similar interests worked very well, exemplifying Vygotsky's dialectical constructivist perspective on peer teaching and learning characteristics. Their conversations displayed self-confidence, multiple perspective-taking skills, and reflective self-assessment. The pairs demonstrating limited computer proficiency frequently engaged in serial turn taking and nonpurposeful clicking on the computer screen. The study concludes with pedagogical implications for teachers.
Phased array antennas with phasers and true time delay phase shifters

Error sources within phased array controllers and architectures are considered. Analytical expressions are given for the individual effects and for the composite effect. Bandwidth and quantization are addressed for time-steered, phase-steered and combination phased array structures. >
Effect of Soft Agglomerates on CMP Slurry Performance

Abstract The stability of the polishing slurries under extreme environments of pH, ionic strength, pressure, and temperature is required for their optimal performance in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) operations. Agglomeration of the abrasive particles during polishing due to fluctuations in local particle or salt concentration under dynamic processing conditions may alter the slurry performance. It is known that the presence of hard and larger size particles in the CMP slurries increases the defect density and surface roughness of the polished wafers. However, the consequences of particle agglomeration or in other words “soft” agglomerate formation (even those transient in nature) on the polishing performance are not known. In this study, silica CMP performance was evaluated with partially dispersed slurries and it was observed that even the soft agglomerates adversely impacted the surface quality of the polished wafers, indicating that optimal slurry performance requires development of robust dispersion schemes.
Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma stage IV with subsequent histologic transformation to an aggressive lymphoma: A case report

Extranodal marginal B-cell lymphoma of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue is a rare entity accounting for less than 1% of all lymphomas. We report a case of a low-grade bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma stage IV with transformation to an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma. A 59-year-old African-American man was incidentally found to have a bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma involving the bilateral lower lobes of his lungs. In addition, bone marrow involvement was discovered. His course was indolent with only some mild respiratory symptoms. He received single agent treatment with rituximab. No evidence of progression was seen at the end of receiving this regimen. Two years after treatment our patient presented with B symptoms. Imaging now showed significant increase in the size of the lung masses with cavitation of the right lower lobe mass. A repeat transbronchial biopsy suggested transformation to an aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. This case illustrates a rare bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma stage IV with histologic transformation to an aggressive lymphoma. In addition, this rare case of transformation presented as a cavitary lesion.
On the Deformation Term in the Quasigeostrophic Omega Equation

Abstract It is a common diagnostic, synoptic practice to consider the Trenberth–Sutcliffe approximation to the quasigeostrophic (QG) omega equation, which relates upward vertical motion to regions of cyclonic vorticity advection by the thermal wind. Use of this approximate form of the QG omega equation requires the neglect of the so-called deformation term, which is often described as important only in frontal regions. Here, an alternative expression for the deformation term is derived that clearly illustrates its relationship to the mathematical forcing function in the Q-vector form of the QG omega equation. The magnitude of the deformation term in the middle troposphere is traced throughout the life cycle of a typical midlatitude cyclone. It is found that this term is generally small at midlevels in the early stages of the cyclone life cycle. As the cyclone approaches and passes its mature stage, however, the deformation term exerts a comparable, locally predominant influence on the total QG forcing for...
Abstract 3734: Presurgical fMRI and Morbidity Outcomes in Patients with Vascular Lesions

Background fMRI is being increasingly used as an adjunct imaging technique for preoperative planning for patients with various brain lesions. The proximity of the lesion to eloquent cortex is a maj...
NSM + LDOCE: A Non-Circular Dictionary of English

This paper describes an approach used to test the expressive power of the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) and its tiny set of semantic primitives. A small dictionary was created, using NSM to paraphrase definitions for each word in the controlled defining vocabulary of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE). Student participants performed several headword-identification tasks to evaluate the quality of these definitions. The resulting 2000-word dictionary is non-circular, and by extension provides non-circular definitions for all the words in the LDOCE.
Stimulus-Elicited Connectivity Influences Resting-State Connectivity Years Later in Human Development: A Prospective Study.

Although the functional architecture of the brain is indexed by resting-state connectivity networks, little is currently known about the mechanisms through which these networks assemble into stable mature patterns. The current study posits and tests the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state networks are gradually shaped by recurring stimulus-elicited connectivity across development by examining how both stimulus-elicited and resting-state functional connections of the human brain emerge over development at the systems level. Using a sequential design following 4- to 18-year-olds over a 2 year period, we examined the predictive associations between stimulus-elicited and resting-state connectivity in amygdala-cortical circuitry as an exemplar case (given this network9s protracted development across these ages). Age-related changes in amygdala functional connectivity converged on the same regions of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and inferior frontal gyrus when elicited by emotional stimuli and when measured at rest. Consistent with the long-term phasic molding hypothesis, prospective analyses for both connections showed that the magnitude of an individual9s stimulus-elicited connectivity unidirectionally predicted resting-state functional connectivity 2 years later. For the amygdala-mPFC connection, only stimulus-elicited connectivity during childhood and the transition to adolescence shaped future resting-state connectivity, consistent with a sensitive period ending with adolescence for the amygdala-mPFC circuit. Together, these findings suggest that resting-state functional architecture may arise from phasic patterns of functional connectivity elicited by environmental stimuli over the course of development on the order of years. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT A fundamental issue in understanding the ontogeny of brain function is how resting-state (intrinsic) functional networks emerge and relate to stimulus-elicited functional connectivity. Here, we posit and test the long-term phasic molding hypothesis that resting-state network development is influenced by recurring stimulus-elicited connectivity through prospective examination of the developing human amygdala-cortical functional connections. Our results provide critical insight into how early environmental events sculpt functional network architecture across development and highlight childhood as a potential developmental period of heightened malleability for the amygdala-medial prefrontal cortex circuit. These findings have implications for how both positive and adverse experiences influence the developing brain and motivate future investigations of whether this molding mechanism reflects a general phenomenon of brain development.
Characteristic Experiment for Charged Dust Layer of the Electric-bag Compound Dust Collector

A serial of experiments have been done in the paper to reveal the relation between the electric field voltage and the dust layer voltage with fly ash and alumina powder.The results show that the dust layer voltage increases in the beginning stage,and then decreases as the electric field voltage increases at the same dust load for both fly ash and alumina powder.However,under the same electric field voltage,the charged voltage value of the dust layer of alumina powder is lower than that of fly ash.The results contribute to the analyse on the mechanism of EBCDC.
Wang Family's Politics of Langya before and after the Period of ZhongZong and XianZong in Eastern Jin Dynasty

It was the most powerful and prosperous period of Wang Family's Politics of Langya before and after the period of ZhongZong and XianZong in Eastern Jin Dynasty. Besides the long term political cooperation and the special matrimonial relation between Sima Rui, the monarch of Langya, and Wang Family's Politics Wang Dao helped Sima Rui cross the Changjiang River and found Eastern Jin Dynasty on the south of the Changjiang River after the "Riot of the Eight Monarchs". So the close private friendliness and the political relation of "Sima Rui and Wang Family ruling the country together" are confirmed further. But because of the riot of Wang Dun and the unusual power and treatment royal court and other nobilities were unsatisfied and suspicious on Wang Family's Politics. Because of these it was an unavoidable problem to Wang Family's Politics at that time that there were contradictions and fights between other nobilities and Wang Family's Politics. And in fact the contradictions and fights were an important reason that caused Wang Family's Politics to decline gradually after Cheng Emperor of Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Plasma fluphenazine levels and clinical response in newly admitted schizophrenic patients.

Seventy-two newly readmitted, drug-free men with the diagnosis of schizophrenia by DSM-III were assigned randomly to receive fluphenazine hydrochloride at 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg daily for 4 weeks. Fluphenazine (FLU), fluphenazine sulfoxide, 7-hydroxyfluphenazine, and fluphenazine N-oxide were measured by highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays. Data were analyzed by logistic regression using the Clinical Global Impressions Disabling Side Effects and Global Improvement as the outcome measures. Disabling side effects were defined as "side effects that significantly interfered with patient's functioning" or "side effects that outweigh therapeutic effects" (National Institute of Mental Health 1985, p. 839). Higher plasma FLU levels (up to 4.23 ng/mL) were significantly (p = .015) associated with a higher rate of global improvement. However, close to 90 percent of these acute patients had disabling side effects at a plasma FLU level of 2.7 ng/mL. At least in the patient's view, these disabling side effects negated or compromised the improvement in psychosis. Fluphenazine N-oxide may be a toxic metabolite in that it was more powerfully associated with side effects than was the parent FLU.
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland: Use of Biochemical Parameters in Detection and Surgical Management of the Tumor

Medullary carcinoma comprises 5 to 10 per cent of thyroid cancers and is of interest because of a number of distinctive properties including a familial form. Total thyroidectomy is mandatory once surgery is decided upon.
A quantum leap in cancer vaccines

Vaccination, namely the controlled activation of antigen-specific immune cells, is a first and critical step toward engendering protective immunity against cancer. A large number of vaccination strategies developed to date, from simple to complex, have shown but limited efficacy. In a recent article
A SELECTIVE PLATING AGAR FOR DIRECT ENUMERATION OF SALMONELLA IN ARTIFICIALLY CONTAMINATED DAIRY PRODUCTS1

A selective plating medium was developed that allows direct enumeration of salmonellae in dairy products such as nonfat dry milk, and Cheddar and cottage cheese. The agar medium developed was a modification of the Lysine-Iron-Cystine broth of Hargrove et al., 1971. Strains of species of the genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Shigella, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus were easily differentiated from salmonellae by colony color and color of surrounding area or absence of growth. The antibiotic, novobiocin, used as a selective agent, inhibited growth of some Proteus, Shigella, and Escherichia; however the antibiotic was most effective against Bacillus, without having any observable effect on salmonellae. The medium was sufficiently sensitive and selective to permit detection of as few as 1–2 salmonellae per gram of product in the presence of naturally occurring bacteria and should be of considerable value in following the Salmonella content of artificially contaminated foods during processing a...
Analysis of optical OFDM based wireless LAN

In this paper, we present an optical OFDM based wireless LAN. The baseband OFDM transmitted signal is fully carried over a radio frequency signal. The directly modulated laser (DML) is used in the system as an optical laser source. Identical photonic antennas are used at the transmitter and the receiver. The simulations were carried out for different SMF and MMF lengths, and the wireless distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas is in a range of 40 dB up to 80 dB. Furthermore, the system performance results are obtained regarding EIPR, SNR, and BER. The results show that this integrated optical wireless link is very robust for carrying OFDM based wireless LAN signals. Moreover, using an active antenna in the system helps increasing the coverage service for more than 30 meters when an SMF of 80 km length is used.
A new rat-compatible robotic framework for spatial navigation behavioral experiments.

Abstract Background Understanding the neural substrate of information encoding and processing requires a precise control of the animal’s behavior. Most of what has been learned from the rodent navigational system results from relatively simple tasks in which the movements of the animal is controlled by corridors or walkways, passive movements, treadmills or virtual reality environments. While a lot has been and continues to be learned from these types of experiments, recent evidence has shown that such artificial constraints may have significant consequences on the functioning of the neural circuits of spatial navigation. New methods We present a novel and alternative approach for effectively controlling the precise direction and speed of movement of the animal in an ethologically realistic environment, using a small robot (Sphero). Results We describe the robotic framework and demonstrate its use in replicating pre-programmed or rat-recorded paths. We show that the robot can control the movement of a rat in order to produce specific trajectories and speeds. We demonstrate that the robot can be used to aid the rat in learning a spatial memory task in a large and complex environment. We show that dorsal hippocampal CA1 place cells do not remap when the rat is following the robot. Comparison with existing method(s): Our framework only involves positive motivation and has been tested together with wireless electrophysiology in large and complex environments. Conclusions Our robotic framework can be used to design novel tasks and experiments in which electrophysiological recordings would be largely devoid of maze or task-dependent artifacts.
Belimumab for the Treatment of Early Diffuse Systemic Sclerosis: Results of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Trial.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of treatment with belimumab in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) treated with background mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
Visual Attention to Suffering After Compassion Training Is Associated With Decreased Amygdala Responses

Compassion meditation training is hypothesized to increase the motivational salience of cues of suffering, while also enhancing equanimous attention and decreasing emotional reactivity to suffering. However, it is currently unknown how compassion meditation impacts visual attention to suffering, and how this impacts neural activation in regions associated with motivational salience as well as aversive responses, such as the amygdala. Healthy adults were randomized to 2 weeks of compassion or reappraisal training. We measured BOLD fMRI responses before and after training while participants actively engaged in their assigned training to images depicting human suffering or non-suffering. Eye-tracking data were recorded concurrently, and we computed looking time for socially and emotionally evocative areas of the images, and calculated visual preference for suffering vs. non-suffering. Increases in visual preference for suffering due to compassion training were associated with decreases in the amygdala, a brain region involved in negative valence, arousal, and physiological responses typical of fear and anxiety states. This pattern was specifically in the compassion group, and was not found in the reappraisal group. In addition, compassion training-related increases in visual preference for suffering were also associated with decreases in regions sensitive to valence and empathic distress, spanning the anterior insula and orbitofrontal cortex (while the reappraisal group showed the opposite effect). Examining visual attention alone demonstrated that engaging in compassion in general (across both time points) resulted in visual attention preference for suffering compared to engaging in reappraisal. Collectively, these findings suggest that compassion meditation may cultivate visual preference for suffering while attenuating neural responses in regions typically associated with aversive processing of negative stimuli, which may cultivate a more equanimous and nonreactive form of attention to stimuli of suffering.
Ozone Toxicity — Is there more than one Mechanism of Action?

The hypothesis that ozone injury to green leaves is determined by a Single mode of action is examined. Chemical, genetic, histological and physiological lines of evidence are considered.
Policy influence on 30 years of radical prostatectomies.

5072Background: The prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) test was originally approved by the FDA in 1986 to monitor progression of prostate cancer in previously diagnosed males. In 1994, the test in con...
Core Concepts in Classical Psychoanalysis: Clinical, Research Evidence and Conceptual Critiques

In Core Concepts in Classical Psychoanalysis, alongside its companion piece Core Concepts in Contemporary Psychoanalysis, Morris N. Eagle asks: of the core concepts and formulations of psychoanalytic theory, which ones should be retained, which should be modified and in what ways, and which should be discarded? The key concepts and issues explored in this book include: Unconscious processes and research on them - what evidence is there for a dynamic unconscious? Is there a universal Oedipus complex? The importance of inner conflict. The concept of defense. Unlike other previous discussions of these concepts, this book systematically evaluates them in the light of conceptual critique as well as recent research based evidence and empirical data. Written with Eagle’s piercing clarity of voice, Core Concepts in Classical Psychoanalysis challenges previously unquestioned psychoanalytic assumptions and will appeal to psychoanalysts, psychoanalytic psychotherapists, and anyone interested in integrating core psychoanalytic concepts, research, and theory with other disciplines including psychiatry, psychology, and social work.
Sensing and Modeling Heat Transfer Between a Recording Head and Medium for Clearance Setting in HAMR

A thermistor-based proximity sensor enables identification of head-disk contact in a hard disk drive, allowing the setting of head-disk clearance. This sensor also provides thermal information, permitting validation of computational models used to design recording heads. We describe here a set of models, and a related set of experiments to probe thermal and mechanical characteristics at the head-disk interface. Example results are shown, leading to the conclusion that models with diffusive-ballistic equations are capable of simulating heat transfer through the gas bearing.
Lessons Learned Regarding Missing Clinical Stage in the National Cancer Database

The National Cancer Database (NCDB) is a valuable resource for studying national cancer treatment patterns. However, data abstraction rules from 2004 to 2007 resulted in missing clinical stage for a high percentage of cases. We investigated how this missingness can bias results in breast cancer studies including patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The impact of missing clinical stage on the estimated percentage of breast cancers treated with NAC versus adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) was examined from 2004 to 2013. Trends in NAC use were presented, excluding those cases with missing clinical stage, and compared with trends after multiple imputation, performed using the chained equations approach with predictive mean matching. Clinical stage was missing for 56% of cases in 2004–2007, versus 12% in 2008–2013, and was missing more than twice as often for AC patients versus NAC patients (31% vs. 12% overall), with the largest difference occurring in 2004–2007 (60% vs. 27% missing). Because stage was more frequently missing in AC patients, excluding those missing clinical stage introduced bias when considering NAC versus AC trends. With multiple imputation, significant increases in NAC use were identified between 2004 and 2013 for each stage: use for stage I was 2% in 2004 and 5% in 2013, use for stage II was 11% in 2004 and 24% in 2013, use for stage III was 34% in 2004 and 46% in 2013, in contrast to an analysis excluding those missing stage, which suggested little or no increase within any stage. NCDB data abstraction rules from 2004 to 2007 resulted in missing clinical stage for > 50% of breast cancers, which may introduce substantial bias. Multiple imputation or exclusion of the years 2004–2007 should be considered to mitigate the problem of missing clinical stage in NCDB.