cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Studies of Hispanic Caregivers of Persons With Dementia: Reconciliation of Self:

An interpretive phenomenology perspective is used to explore the lived experience of two Hispanic caregivers and the phenomenon of mastery. The analysis showed how theses caregivers derive meaning of their experience through a process of reconciliation of self between the roles of parental caretaker, respectful daughter, and caregiver. This reconciliation of self is a form of mastery, and the process of reconciliation is grounded in cultural values of intergenerational reciprocity and familism. Nurses have the unique opportunity to support a caregiver in his or her interaction with the person with dementia. The implications for practice include the need for nurses to acknowledge, validate, and support caregiver's experience of reconciling self as a form of health promotion.
Reliability and validity analysis for questionnaire of self-report health status.

[Objective]To evaluate the reliability and validity of self-report health status questionnaire based on World Health Survey(WHS ) questionnaire and Children Health Questionnaire(CHQ ).[Methods]A sample composed of 80 Shanghai permanent resident families owning at least one child aged 5-15 years old was randomly sampled from a residential area of more than 400 families near the suburb of Shanghai.A questionnaire was established based on WHS questionnaire with additional content about health status scale adapted from Children Health Questionnaire-Parents 28.Respondents finished health status self-report according to guidance from investigators.Retest correlation coefficient and Cronbachαcoefficient were used to evaluate the reliability.One-way ANOVA between general health status and score for health status scaling was used to evaluate differential validity.Factor analysis of principal component was used to evaluate the validity.[Results]Retest correlation coefficients for scores of all dimensions were more than 0.5.Cronbachαcoefficient for most of dimensions were over 0.6.Score for the group of self-reported prevalence or unhealthy status was significantly higher than that of not reported prevalence or unhealthy status(P0.00). Items for adult health status project showed 8 factors of bigger loading and those for child health status project showed 5 factors of bigger loading,which were in accordance with the design of the questionnaire to some extent.[Conlusion]The questionnaire may be applied to comprehensively evaluate the health of population aged over 5 years.
Vita e pensieri di Antonio Gramsci, 1926–1937

This book is an account of Antonio Gramsci’s life from his arrest in October 1926 to his death in April 1937. It is based primarily on the voluminous correspondence exchanged between Gramsci and se...
Effectively Adapting the Sport Management Curricula: Harnessing Internal and External Resources to Address Industry-Specific Needs.

Academic programs must constantly evolve in order to ensure that students are best prepared for success in internships and subsequent postcollegiate endeavors within the dynamic, rapidly changing s...
Increased Divorce Rates among Separated Persons as a Factor in Divorce Since 1940

Again it must be admitted that certain aspects of the romantic complex are open to such charges, but the more central aspects of the romantic complex emphasize parenthood as the fulfillment of marriage provided the children can be raised in an atmosphere of freedom and individualism, and also can contribute to the growth of the parents. It is this point of view that must be contrasted with the statement that "children are more important to nature" which is a crude version of survival ethics. In passing it might also be remarked that from a societal point of view it is a good thing that the romantic complex emphasizes the desire for children. If the "prosaic ordinary individual" conformed completely to his role of status seeker we would have no children instead of the declining birthrate we have now. Thus the family sociologist emerges from his attack against the romantic complex as a confirmed anti-individualist and as one who places a crude conception of institutional function over the achieving of the values of freedom and personality growth. The main difference then between the companionship school which has launched this attack and older institutional theories of the family is that the former recognize the impossibility, at least at the present time, of dictating to the individual what he must do in regard to marriage. Elliott and Merrill, for example, state that "Even if it were possible, no one would advocate a change to the strict European marriage of convenience'"; and Burgess points out that the family sociologist and marriage educator must work alongside of youth in the study of the family rather than dictating to young people.25 The solution, therefore, from the point of view of the modern marriage educator is to awaken youth to the dangers of romanticism, and individualism, and to the desirability of conforming, being conventional, selecting one's mate with due regard for status and class, and following one's parents' suggestions. The net result of this type of training is not quite the same as that which might be derived from the older type of institutional theory, for if the latter's compulsory solution were possible we would end up with a stable society and family, albeit not a free society or family, whereas the prosaic man of the modern family sociologist is asked to conform to norms which will not only prevent the growth of his personality, but which will render the middle-class family unstable far more than do even the excesses of the romantic comDlex.
Abstract IA05: Breaking immune privilege in pancreatic cancer

Disabling the function of immune checkpoint molecules can unlock T cell immunity against cancer, yet despite remarkable clinical success with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that block PD-1 or CTLA-4, resistance remains common and essentially unexplained. Certain tumors, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), are fully refractory to these antibodies. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of PDA in which spontaneous immunity is minimal, we found that PD-L1 is prominent in the tumor microenvironment, a phenotype confirmed in patients. Tumor T cells express PD-1 as prominently as in classical models of chronic infection, but treatment with PD-1 mAb, with or without CTLA-4 mAb, fails in well-established tumors, recapitulating clinical results. Two “vaccine strategies” can be used to induce T cell immunity and reverse resistance of PDA to PD-1 and CTLA-4. These approaches include hypofractionated radiation or chemotherapy in conjunction with a CD40 agonisitc antibody. Data suggest that in non immunogenic tumors, manifesting as immune privilege in PDA, baseline refractoriness to checkpoint inhibitors may be rescued by the priming of a T cell response. Citation Format: Robert H. Vonderheide. Breaking immune privilege in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Role of the sympathetic nervous system in painful nerve injury.

This article attempts to alleviate confusion in the nomenclature of the various painful nerve disorders by disposing of obsolete terminology and highlighting the clinical similarities of the various pain states. The clinical conditions are defined, and their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.
Can Dark Matter Halos Change Shape? Examining the Adams Instability in Triaxial Systems

A recently discovered instability causes non-spherical orbits within dark matter halos to exponentially diverge into more spherical orbits. The instability was studied in limited regimes within the Adams et al. (2007) work. This project has replicated and extend the ideas to a static potential system that is accurate to all distances away from the potential’s center as well as found an easy visualization for the arising instability. A better understanding of dark matters’ behavior will help explain dark matters’ halo structure and mass distribution that surround galaxies.
Interpretation of Pipe Networks by Magnetic Sensing

The imaging and sizing of buried pipes in soil or steel rods in concrete has wide utility. The accurate detection of embedded reinforcement is useful to enforce the correct placement of steel in new concrete, and is even more important in assessing as-built structures. Rebar mapping is essential in post-construction operations such as coring and anchor emplacement in nuclear power plants. Pipe mapping is invaluable to the excavation and repair of utility distribution systems.
Clinical Therapy with Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Respiratory Diseases

Publisher Summary Many insights into the mechanisms of action of nitric oxide (NO) have been rapidly applied to treat patients. The reported applications of inhaled NO in the laboratory and in adult patients with primary pulmonary hypertension have led to hundreds of studies to determine the clinical applicability of inhaled NO. In selected groups of severely ill and hypoxic children and adults, inhaled NO improves arterial oxygenation and selectively reduces pulmonary arterial hypertension. This chapter reviews the diverse clinical applications for inhaled NO therapy. NO inhalation therapy, in combination with conventional or high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, can significantly improve arterial oxygenation and reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, an expensive and invasive support procedure in newborn patients with hypoxic respiratory failure. However, it remains uncertain whether NO inhalation improves survival rates in adults with severe acute lung injury. New applications have been discovered. Studies indicate that inhaled NO may decrease ischemia-reperfusion injury and may be useful to treat thrombotic disorders.
A Helping Hand: Soft Orthosis with Integrated Optical Strain Sensors and EMG Control

Human fingers and hands are frequently injured because they are delicate, complex, and used constantly. More than 3 million people in the United States suffer from hand or forearm disabilities [1], and, worldwide, hand injuries account for one-third of all work injuries [2]. Due to the importance of hands and the prevalence of hand issues, there is an increasing effort toward developing hand orthotics. These efforts have resulted in active hand orthoses that have been used for rehabilitation training and restoring partial hand function [3]. To ensure safety and to reduce control complexity, some orthoses use mechanical compliances [4], [5] such as underactuated linkages [6] or low-stiffness materials and structures (e.g., rubbers and flexible wires) [7], [8]-[11]. The orthoses made of elastomeric materials tend to be more comfortable, perhaps because their low elastic modulus (10 kPa l G' l 1 MPa) [12] is similar to that of human skin (~100 kPa) [13].
An Improved Two-Port Transmission Line Permittivity and Permeability Determination Method With Shorted Sample

A modified measurement technique and nonlinear least-squares solution method is introduced for determining complex permittivity and permeability in transmission lines. In addition to a two-port S-parameter measurement, a one-port measurement of the shorted sample is employed. For low-loss samples, material property determination using the traditional method can be plagued by resonances when the sample thickness is an integer multiple of the guided half-wavelength in the sample medium. The introduction of the shorted reflectivity measurement reduces the large uncertainties inherent in the resonance effect, and increases the likelihood of determining the correct zero in the fitting of the material properties. The short-circuited sample $S_{11}$ measurement has an increased magnitude compared with the standard two-port measurement, which greatly reduces the uncertainty of this term. The resulting complex permeability and permittivity values obtained with this method are smoother improved solutions, and have lower uncertainty. Results are presented comparing the traditional Nicolson–Ross–Weir solution and National Institute of Standards and Technology iterative method with the proposed technique for a cast epoxy and a ferrite-loaded microwave absorber sample in WR42 waveguide. We also investigate finite element simulated S-parameters of a fictional material and compare the derived material parameters obtained with the proposed method to the “true” permittivity and permeability values.
Age differences in the use of serving size information on food labels: numeracy or attention?

Author(s): Miller, Lisa M Soederberg; Applegate, Elizabeth; Beckett, Laurel A; Wilson, Machelle D; Gibson, Tanja N | Abstract: ObjectiveThe ability to use serving size information on food labels is important for managing age-related chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. Past research suggests that older adults are at risk for failing to accurately use this portion of the food label due to numeracy skills. However, the extent to which older adults pay attention to serving size information on packages is unclear. We compared the effects of numeracy and attention on age differences in accurate use of serving size information while individuals evaluated product healthfulness.DesignAccuracy and attention were assessed across two tasks in which participants compared nutrition labels of two products to determine which was more healthful if they were to consume the entire package. Participants' eye movements were monitored as a measure of attention while they compared two products presented side-by-side on a computer screen. Numeracy as well as food label habits and nutrition knowledge were assessed using questionnaires.SettingSacramento area, California, USA, 2013-2014.SubjectsStratified sample of 358 adults, aged 20-78 years.ResultsAccuracy declined with age among those older adults who paid less attention to serving size information. Although numeracy, nutrition knowledge and self-reported food label use supported accuracy, these factors did not influence age differences in accuracy.ConclusionsThe data suggest that older adults are less accurate than younger adults in their use of serving size information. Age differences appear to be more related to lack of attention to serving size information than to numeracy skills.
Lateral Structure Formation in Polyelectrolyte Brushes Induced by Multivalent Ions

We provide a theoretical model for the collapse of polyelectrolyte brushes in the presence of multivalent ions, focusing on the formation of lateral inhomogeneties in the collapsed state. Polyelectrolyte brushes are important in a variety of applications, including stabilizing colloidal particles and lubricating surfaces. Many uses rely on the extension of the densely grafted polymer chains from the surface in the extended brush morphology. In the presence of multivalent ions, brushes are significantly shorter than in monovalent ionic solutions, which greatly affects their properties. We base our theoretical analysis on an analogous collapse of polyelectrolyte brushes in a poor solvent, providing an energy balance representation for pinned micelles and cylindrical bundles. The equilibrium brush heights predicted for these structures are of a similar magnitude to those measured experimentally. The formation of lateral structures can open new avenues for stimuli-responsive applications that rely on nanoscal...
P-Y Approach for Laterally Loaded Piles in Frozen Silt

AbstractFrozen soils, including seasonally frozen soils and perennially frozen ground, or permafrost, exist extensively in Alaska and other cold regions. During past earthquakes, extensive damages ...
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Lysate Loaded Dendritic Cells Exhibit Significant Phagocytic Function and Elicit Antigen-Specific Immune Response.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent of the professional antigen presenting cells (APC) and have the unique ability to stimulate naive T cells and initiate and regulate immune responses. We have studied human DCs loaded with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) specific lysate and evaluated the in vitro function in the induction of anti-leukemia cytotoxic responses. Methods. DCs were generated from CD14 + selected monocytes using the MACS system (Miltenyi) and cultured with GM-CSF, and IL-4 (R&D Systems) for 6 days, loaded with AML specific lysate, and matured in the presence of IL1-b, TNF-a, IL-6, and PGE-2 (ITIP). Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ITIP-matured DCs showed upregulation of CD80 (80%), CD83 (80 to 90%), and CCR7 (20–40%) molecules. Characterization of Phagocytosis. DC phagocytic function was assessed by assaying the uptake of FITC-dextran beads or with FITC labeled AML lysate. Day 6 immature DCs were incubated with 0.1 mg/ml FITC-dextran beads or FITC labeled lysate at 37° C for one hour. Cells were analyzed by flow cytometry for the uptake of beads or AML lysate. Approximately 90 % of the immature DCs were positive for the FITC labeled beads or FITC labeled after one hour of incubation. Allogeneic Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction. To ensure that the loading of antigen onto DCs does not change their immuno-stimulatory function, the control and antigen loaded DCs were tested for their capacity to stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic T cells. In all the DC T cells ratio tested, range from 1:10, 1:25. 1:50, 1:100, there is no difference in the capacity in this allo-MLR assay in comparison to unloaded DCs. Characterization of Th-1 Response. To generate leukemia specific CTL responses, autologous T lymphocytes were stimulated with antigen (AML lysate) loaded DCs at a DC: lymphocyte ratio of 1:10. Cells were restimulated twice, 9 days apart, in the presence of IL-2 (10 units/ml). At the end of the third stimulation, intracellular IFN-g secretion of CD8 + T cells was assessed by CFC. 5% to 19% of CD8 + T cells were positive for IFN-g, demonstrating that AML lysate loaded DCs can be effective in promoting a Th-1 type immune response. Killing of Leukemia antigen loaded DC targets by specific CTL We analyzed whether AML specific lysate-loaded DCs were capable of stimulating CTLs from PBMCs that specifically recognize and lyse leukemia specific targets. We have found that T cells primed by both AML lysate loaded and AML mRNA loaded DCs are equally effective in recognizing and lysing AML lysate loaded DC targets. In a standard 5 hour 51 Cr release assay, there was 20% killing of target at an E:T ratio of 50:1. CTL killing was significantly lower in a control assay, which utilized unloaded DCs as a target (p Conclusion . We have demonstrated in this study that the CTL killing generated by in vitro cultured and AML lysate loaded DC is antigen specific. Determination of specificity is important prior to the use of AML lysate loaded DCs in a future clinical trial for AML-specific therapy.
A Review of Technology-Assisted Interventions for Diabetes Prevention

The high prevalence of prediabetes and success of the diabetes prevention program (DPP) has led to increasing efforts to provide readily accessible, cost-effective DPP interventions to the general public. Technology-assisted DPP interventions are of particular interest since they may be easier to widely distribute and sustain as compared to traditional in-person DPP. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of currently available technology-assisted DPP interventions. This review focuses on studies that have examined the use of mobile phone text messaging, smartphone/web-based apps, and telehealth programs to help prevent or delay the onset of incident type 2 diabetes. While there is variability in the results of studies focused on technology-assisted DPP and weight loss interventions, there is evidence to suggest that these programs have been associated with clinically meaningful weight loss and can be cost-effective. Patients who are at risk for diabetes can be offered technology-assisted DPP and weight loss interventions to lower their risk of incident diabetes. Further research should determine what specific combination of intervention features would be most successful.
Ultra-bright and maybe ludicrously magnetic

The discovery of a prominent spectral absorption line in X-rays in an ultra-luminous X-ray source is perhaps indicative of the presence of very intense magnetic fields and hints to a magnetar as its power source.
El león y las aves: Isaías 31:4-5 a la luz de nuevas inscripciones neo-asirias

Este articulo estudia los motivos literarios del leon y las aves que aparecen en Isaias 31:4–5, que aparecen asociados al accionar de Yahve durante el sitio de Jerusalen por Senaquerib. Divergiendo de anteriores interpretaciones, se relacionaran estos motivos con la fraseologia tipica presente en las inscripciones reales neo-asirias
Lower Socioeconomic Status is Associated with Delayed Access to Care for Infantile Hemangioma, a Cohort Study

ABSTRACT Background Early specialist evaluation during rapid proliferative growth of complicated infantile hemangiomas (IH) is crucial. Health disparities and barriers of access-to-care for children with IH have not been examined. Objective Investigate whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with age at subspecialist presentation for IH evaluation. Method Retrospective cohort study of 804 children presenting to a large academic hospital. Primary outcome was age at initial presentation. Covariates included demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, and clinical characteristics. Medicaid or Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) were proxies for lower SES. Analysis of covariance, χ2 tests, and generalized ordered logistic regressions were performed. Results Children with lower SES had higher odds of presenting after 3 months of age (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.31-3.38). In the subset that qualified for institutional care management program (ICMP), no risk factors were associated with delayed presentation. Limitations Use of insurance and economic distress as proxies for SES; exclusion of uninsured children may underestimate racioethnic effects; single academic center study limiting generalizability. Conclusions Children with IH and lower SES were more likely to present later to specialists, but those enrolled in an ICMP did not, suggesting that integrated ICMPs may mitigate disparities and delayed access-to-care for IH among lower SES populations.
Body-Guided Communications: A Low-power, Highly-Confined Primitive to Track and Secure Every Touch

The growing number of devices we interact with require a convenient yet secure solution for user identification, authorization and authentication. Current approaches are cumbersome, susceptible to eavesdropping and relay attacks, or energy inefficient. In this paper, we propose a body-guided communication mechanism to secure every touch when users interact with a variety of devices and objects. The method is implemented in a hardware token worn on user's body, for example in the form of a wristband, which interacts with a receiver embedded inside the touched device through a body-guided channel established when the user touches the device. Experiments show low-power (uJ/bit) operation while achieving superior resilience to attacks, with the received signal at the intended receiver through the body channel being at least 20dB higher than that of an adversary in cm range.
Cracks as Limits of Eshelby Inclusions

As limiting behaviors of Eshelby ellipsoidal inclusions with transformation strain, crack solutions can be obtained both in statics and dynamics (for self-similarly expanding ones). Here is presented the detailed analysis of the static tension and shear cracks, as distributions of vertical centers of eigenstrains and centers of antisymmetric shear, respectively, inside the ellipse being flattened to a crack, so that the singular external field is obtained by the analysis, while the interior is zero. It is shown that a distribution of eigenstrains that produces a symmetric center of shear cannot produce a crack. A possible model for a Barenblatt type crack is proposed by the superposition of two elliptical inclusions by adjusting their small axis and strengths of eigenstrains so that the singularity cancels at the tip.
Questionable Company: Representing Ethnicity at the Mughal Court

This paper was prompted by the discovery of three dozen portrait drawings by an anonymous Indian artist in Old Delhi’s Chandni Chowk market. Some portraits, drawn in black pen and ink on paper and ...
Health-Informed Policy Gradients for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning.

This paper proposes a definition of system health in the context of multiple agents optimizing a joint reward function. We use this definition as a credit assignment term in a policy gradient algorithm to distinguish the contributions of individual agents to the global reward. The health-informed credit assignment is then extended to a multi-agent variant of the proximal policy optimization algorithm and demonstrated on particle and multiwalker robot environments that have characteristics such as system health, risk-taking, semi-expendable agents, continuous action spaces, and partial observability. We show significant improvement in learning performance compared to policy gradient methods that do not perform multi-agent credit assignment.
An Approximation Method for Time-Dependent Problems in High Energy Density Thermal Radiative Transfer

We analyze a computational method for solving multidimensional thermal radiative transfer (TRT) problems based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE) with approximate time evolution operator. The...
Unique microRNA alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas arising either spontaneously or due to chronic exposure to Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in B6C3F1/N mice

Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is used in traditional Chinese medicine as a herbal supplement for improving memory. Exposure of B6C3F1/N mice to GBE in a 2-year National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay resulted in a dose-dependent increase in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). To identify key microRNAs that modulate GBE-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we compared the global miRNA expression profiles in GBE-exposed HCC (GBE-HCC) and spontaneous HCC (SPNT-HCC) with age-matched vehicle control normal livers (CNTL) from B6C3F1/N mice. The number of differentially altered miRNAs in GBE-HCC and SPNT-HCC was 74 (52 up and 22 down) and 33 (15 up and 18 down), respectively. Among the uniquely differentially altered miRNAs in GBE-HCC, miR-31 and one of its predicted targets, Cdk1 were selected for functional validation. A potential miRNA response element (MRE) in the 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTR) of Cdk1 mRNA was revealed by in silico analysis and confirmed by luciferase assays. In mouse hepatoma cell line HEPA-1 cells, we demonstrated an inverse correlation between miR-31 and CDK1 protein levels, but no change in Cdk1 mRNA levels, suggesting a post-transcriptional effect. Additionally, a set of miRNAs (miRs-411, 300, 127, 134, 409-3p, and 433-3p) that were altered in the GBE-HCCs were also altered in non-tumor liver samples from the 90-day GBE-exposed group compared to the vehicle control group, suggesting that some of these miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for GBE exposure or hepatocellular carcinogenesis. These data increase our understanding of miRNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of GBE-mediated hepatocellular carcinogenesis in B6C3F1/N mice.
Early Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in U.S. Children

Background: COVID-19 restrictions such as closure of schools and parks, and the cancellation of youth sports and activity classes around the U.S may prevent children from achieving recommended levels of physical activity. Method: Parents of U.S. children (ages 5-13) completed an online survey between April 25-May 16, 2020 assessing their child’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB), perceived changes in PA and SB, and locations for PA. Results: Children (N = 211) were 53% female and 13% Hispanic. Parents of older vs. younger children perceived greater decreases in PA and greater increases in SB from the pre- (Feb 2020) to -early-COVID-19 (April-May 2020) periods. Children were more likely to perform PA at home or on neighborhood streets during the early- vs pre-COVID-19 periods. Conclusion: Short-term changes in PA and SB in reaction to COVID-19 may become permanently entrenched, leading to increased risk of obesity and diabetes in children.
Power Losses and Magnetic Flux Analysis of Vector Controlled Induction Motor with Stator Turn-to-Turn Fault

This study investigates the influence of the stator’s turn-to-turn faults (TTFs) on the various components of power losses and air gap’s magnetic flux density harmonics in direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor (IM). Various items of power losses, including stator’s copper loss, rotor copper loss, iron losses as well as the air gap magnetic flux density, are analyzed. The objective is to define the most sensitive components to the TTF to diagnose the fault speedily and accurately at its embryonic stage. The analysis is achieved via the interactive coupled simulation between the physics-based models of a 1hp IM built in the finite element (FE) environment, and the voltage source inverter (VSI) model and DTC routine programmed in simulation environment. Simulation reinforced by experimental results depicted the effectiveness of the components as mentioned earlier for fault diagnosis (FD) if compared to the conventional techniques.
Enhanced Energy Management System with Corrective Transmission Switching Strategy

The flexibility in transmission networks is not fully utilized in existing energy management systems (EMSs). Corrective transmission switching (CTS) is proposed in this two-part paper to enable EMS to take advantage of the flexibility in transmission systems in a practical way. This paper proposes two EMS procedures: 1) Procedure- A connects real-time security-constrained economic dispatch (RT SCED) with real-time contingency analysis (RTCA), which is consistent with industrial practice; 2) Procedure-B, an enhanced version of Procedure-A, includes CTS in EMS with the proposed concept of branch pseudo limit used in RT SCED. Part-I of this paper presents the methodology while Part-II includes detailed results analysis. It is demonstrated that Procedure-A can effectively eliminate the base case overloads and the potential post-contingency overloads identified by RTCA and Procedure-B can achieve significant congestion cost reduction with consideration of CTS in RT SCED. Numerical simulations also illustrate that integrating CTS into RT SCED would improve social welfare.
"One size does not fit all" and other lessons learned from grants for implementation of the AHRQ medication assisted treatment for opioid use disorder in rural primary care.

Purpose: This article summarizes lessons learned from five AHRQ grants to implement Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) in rural primary care practices. Methods: Lessons learned were extracte...
Food, Our Common Ground: A Photovoice Study

Research shows that factors like campus food environment, food accessibility, and acculturation may shape students’ eating patterns and influence their physical and emotional well-being. Although research has investigated factors that contribute to student food choices, few, if any, prior studies have examined this topic from the perspective of graduate students’ own experiences. By utilizing Photovoice methodology, the current study aims to fill the research gap as well as supplement the current literature, providing insights from graduate students’ everyday realities and feedback from policymakers. Three overlapping themes emerged across all images: 1) unhealthiness becomes the norm, 2) the convenience of food influences decisions, and 3) healthy food consumption a symbol of cultural identity. The feedback from university policymakers in relation to identified themes revealed two key issues. First, the information about dining options on campus is not visibly present anywhere on campus. Second, much of dining services is designed with undergraduate students in mind. The findings of this study suggested that universities should provide a better environment to promote healthy food consumption, improve students’ awareness of healthy options, make healthy options convenient enough to consume, limit students’ access to unhealthy food, and consider the needs of international students.
Sensitive Biosensing Using Plasmonic Enhancement of Fluorescence by Rapid Thermal Annealed Silver Nanostructures

Although immunofluorescence assays have been used for decades, they are not traditionally capable of quantifying biomarkers at ng/ml levels. Plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence using metallic surface nanostructures has exhibited potential in amplifying the fluorescence signal, which could reduce limits of detection and increase sensitivity. However, current methods for fabricating metallic nanostructures, such as e-beam nanolithography, colloidal lithography, and colloidal self-assembly, require complicated processes and have various drawbacks. In this work, we describe a nanostructure fabrication process we have developed based on the dewetting of thin silver films by rapid thermal annealing, which is suitable for large areas. The nanostructures were then coated with a thin silica film to protect them and also to control the distance between the metallic surface and fluorophores, an important parameter when tuning metal enhancement of fluorescence. Antibody-antigen immunoassays utilizing immunoglobulin G were applied to evaluate the fluorescence enhancement from these nanostructures. A nearly 19-fold increase in the fluorescence intensity was achieved with an optimized structure. Calibration of the resulting plasmonically enhanced immunofluorescence sensor showed that it is nearly 13 times more sensitive than the non-enhanced version and was capable of quantification of a biomarker at ~ 1 ng/ml levels. A model nanostructure was constructed for which finite difference time domain simulations were in good agreement with experimental results, allowing for optimization of process conditions for the further generation of nanostructures.
Spinor relativity

The pure-geometrical part of the paper makes various contributions to the theory of metric and connection in spinspace. The physical part gives a unified field theory, which aims to include the matter field, obtained by putting a simple (Einsteinian) condition on the curvature of the spin connection used. Of the resulting theory we mention in particular that it generalizes the author's Conformal Relativity, that it admits the conformal group as physical group, and that the theory of matter so obtained is of Dirac form.
Materials for positive electrodes in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries

Positive electrode materials in a lithium-ion battery play an important role in determining capacity, rate performance, cost, and safety. In this chapter, the structure, chemistry, thermodynamics, phase transition theory, and stability of three metal oxide positive materials (layered, spinel, and olivine oxides) are discussed in detail. In addition, typical experimental methods for evaluating electrochemical performance of the electrode materials, understanding lithium intercalation kinetics and thermodynamics, and modeling are introduced.
THE DEFINITIONAL SCOPE OF AN INTRINSIC UTILITARIAN FUNCTION UNDER THE 1976 COPYRIGHT ACT: ONE MAN'S USE IS ANOTHER MAN'S ART

* At the time of publication, this article was being considered in the Nathan Burkan Memorial Writing Competition. 1. 17 V.S.c. §§ 101-1101 (1996). 2. Id. § 101. "Pictorial, graphic, and sculptural works" include two-dimensional and three­ dimensional works of fine, graphic, and applied art, photographs, prints and art reproductions, maps, globes, charts, diagrams, models, and technical draw­ ings, including architectural plans. Such works shall include works of artistic craftsmanship insofar as their form but not their mechanical or utilitarian as­ pects are concerned . . . . Id. 3. See id. § 102(a)(5). 4. See id. § 101 ("A 'useful article' is an article having an intrinsic utilitarian func­ tion that is not merely to portray the appearance of the article or to convey information. An article that is normally a part of a useful article is considered a 'useful article.' "). 5. See id. [T]he design of a useful article, as defined in this section, shall be considered a pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work only if, and only to the extent that, such design incorporates pictorial, graphic, or sculptural features that can be identi­ fied separately from, and are capable of existing independently of, the utilita­ rian aspects of the article. Id.; see also OddzOn Prod., Inc. v. Oman, 924 F.2d 346, 349 (D.C. Cir. 1991) ("Congress excluded the design of useful articles from the realm of copyright ...."). 6. For an examination on the issue of separability, see Raymond M. Polakovic, Comment, Should the Bauhaus Be in the Copyright Doghouse? Rethinking Conceptual Separability, 64 V. COLO. L. REv. 871 (1993). See also Ralph S. Brown, Design Protec­ tion: An Overview, 34 VCLA L. REv. 1341 (1987); Robert C. Denicola, Applied Art and Industrial Design: A Suggested Approach to Copyright in Useful Articles, 67 MINN.
Negative refraction in arrays of identical dielectric resonators

The opportunity to engineer negative refraction in arrays of identical dielectric resonators (DRs) has been demonstrated. Coupling between DRs and periodicity of arrays are considered as the reasons that cause unexpected for homogenized metamaterials negativity of the refractive indices of the structures. Full-wave simulations by using the CST Microwave Studio have been employed for obtaining the scattering parameter spectra, which were further used for retrieving array refractive indices. Manipulating coupling and dispersion effects has been provided by changing the lattice parameters of the arrays. Negative refraction has been verified in numerical experiments with prism-shaped array samples.
GPS Orbit/Clock Estimation Based on Smoothed Pseudorange Data from a Ten-Station Global Network

In August of 1987, the Naval Surface Warfare Center began computing precise GPS ephemeris and clock estimates using smoothed pseudorange data from a global ten-station network. This network consists of the five U.S. Air Force monitor stations and the five tracking sites deployed by the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA). Generation of the precise ephemeris and clock estimates was transitioned to DMA in July 1989 for the Block I satellites and in January 1990 for the Block II satellites. All estimates have been generated using a multisatellite Kalifian filter/ smoother software system that can process up to seven satellites simultaneously. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the processing procedures originally adopted, the improvements made over the years, and the results obtained through the end of 1990. This will include a discussion of the accuracy of the Earth orientation parameters derived from GPS.
Reshaping the Common Good in Times of Public Health Emergencies: Validating Medical Triage

Public health ethics require individuals who are inherently at risk for transmitting communicable disease to be subjected, oftentimes, to isolation, quarantine, or compulsory vaccination - all undertaken, as such, to protect the common good and thereby secure the public-at-law for exposure to the spread of an infectious disease. This article tests the extent to which public health emergencies necessitate a reinterpretation or reshaping of the common good and proceeds to analyze the extent to which the medical principle of triage is a relevant construct for allocating scarce medical resources during contemporary public health emergencies. The article proceeds to test the efficacy or codification of this construct by applying it to The National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza. The efforts to advance law reform in dealing with public health emergencies and bioterrorism through the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act and the Turning Point Medical State Public Health Act are analyzed. The conclusion drawn from the analysis is that national emergencies force disequilibrium in the system of liberties and constitutional rights which, in turn, have the effect of placing public safety concerns above what, heretofore, were seen as unassailable fundamental values of autonomy and privacy. Pragmatic courts and pragmatic social orders, then, must respond accordingly to these changed circumstances by recalibrating what has been a point of balance or equilibrium by restricting previously validated civil liberties in favor of safety and maintenance of the common good.
Stereoisomeric specificity and soil gas disequilibria: implications for martian life detection.

Variations in the atmospheric composition of soil samples were monitored by mass spectrometry after the addition of mixtures of D- and L-carbohydrates and/or amino acids. The changes in concentrations of CO2 in these experiments were found to be related to the stereoisomeric configurations of the compounds with which the soil samples were enriched. The potential of this relationship provides a comparatively simple approach for detecting life in extraterrestrial soils.
Predicting all-cause mortality from basic physiology in the Framingham Heart Study.

Using longitudinal data from a cohort of 1349 participants in the Framingham Heart Study, we show that as early as 28-38 years of age, almost 10% of variation in future lifespan can be predicted from simple clinical parameters. Specifically, we found diastolic and systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, weight, and body mass index (BMI) to be relevant to lifespan. These and similar parameters have been well-characterized as risk factors in the relatively narrow context of cardiovascular disease and mortality in middle to old age. In contrast, we demonstrate here that such measures can be used to predict all-cause mortality from mid-adulthood onward. Further, we find that different clinical measurements are predictive of lifespan in different age regimes. Specifically, blood pressure and BMI are predictive of all-cause mortality from ages 35 to 60, while blood glucose is predictive from ages 57 to 73. Moreover, we find that several of these parameters are best considered as measures of a rate of 'damage accrual', such that total historical exposure, rather than current measurement values, is the most relevant risk factor (as with pack-years of cigarette smoking). In short, we show that simple physiological measurements have broader lifespan-predictive value than indicated by previous work and that incorporating information from multiple time points can significantly increase that predictive capacity. In general, our results apply equally to both men and women, although some differences exist.
Sterile neutrino dark matter in warped extra dimensions

I consider a (long-lived) sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a five dimensional (5D) warped extra dimension model where the fields can live in the bulk, which is partly motivated from the absence of the absolutely stable particles in a simple Randall-Sundrum model. The dominant production of the sterile neutrino can come from the decay of the radion (the scalar field representing the brane separation) around the electroweak scale. The suppressions of the 4D parameters due to the warp factor and the small wave function overlaps in the extra dimension help alleviate the exceeding fine-tunings typical for a sterile neutrino dark matter scenario in a 4D setup.
An experimental study of interference impacts on ZigBee-based wireless communication inside buildings

ZigBee is a wireless technology developed as an open global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. This standard takes full advantages of the IEEE 802.15.4 physical radio specification and operates in unlicensed bands (e.g., 2.4 GHz) worldwide at different frequencies. As more and more companies make products that use the 2.4 GHz portion of the radio spectrum, network designers have had to deal with increased signals from collocated networks operating over the same frequency range. This paper aims to highlight the issues affecting co-existence of ZigBee systems in the presence of different interferences. We present an experimental study of ZigBee-based wireless communication over a period of time with WiFi, BlueTooth and microwave ovens. Results are presented for several different link configurations. Based on observations of the Packet Error Rate, we propose interference prediction algorithms to explore the impacts of WiFi/microwave oven on ZigBee communications.
Reduction and S-nitrosation of the neuropeptide oxytocin: Implications for its biological function

Oxytocin (OT; Cys-Tyr-Ile-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-leu-Gly), a posterior pituitary peptide hormone, is characterized by a Cys1-Cys6 disulfide bond in its stable, isolated state. This paper describes a simple, one-step method for the production of OT in its reduced, dithiol form (OT dithiol), free of reducing agent. The effects of temperature, pH, and metal-ion chelators on the autoxidation of OT dithiol were examined to establish if this form is likely to persist under biological conditions. It was found that OT dithiol has a half-life of 1.8h with respect to reformation of OT disulfide at 37 degrees C and pH 6.9 in the presence of the copper chelators, DTPA and neocuproine. S-Nitrosation of OT dithiol by acidified nitrite at pH 3.0 was examined by absorption spectroscopy and HPLC-UV-MS, which revealed that both singly and doubly S-nitrosated OT are formed. These results suggest novel chemical aspects to OT signaling, the biological implications of which are discussed here.
Expression of cyp26b1 during zebrafish early development

Abstract We have cloned the zebrafish ortholog of the mammalian cyp26b1 gene. The predicted zebrafish cyp26b1 protein shares greater than 73% identity with mammalian homologues. cDNA transfection assays showed that like human cyp26b1, zebrafish cyp26b1 is involved in limiting the activity of retinoic acid. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of embryonic RNAs suggested that no maternal cyp26b1 message is detectable. Zygotic cyp26b1 message could be detected at 75% epiboly by RT-PCR and localized to presumptive rhombomere 3 and rhombomere 4 at the early two-somite (2S) stage (10.5 hpf: hour post fertilization) by whole mount in situ hybridization. As development proceeds expression expands anteriorly to include rhombomere 2 at the 10S stage (14hpf). By 14S (16hpf) expression in the hindbrain has also expanded posteriorly and encompasses rhombomere 2 through rhombomere 6. At later stages, 24 through 48 hpf, additional expression was found in the eyes, diencephalon, midbrain–hindbrain boundary, cerebellum, pectoral fin and the pharyngeal arch primordia.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat trigeminal ganglia

The application of nicotine to the various epithelia served by the trigeminal nerve produces irritation and/or pain by activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NnAChRS) in sensory neurons. In this study the NnAChRs were identified in rat trigeminal ganglia (TG) using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. With RT-PCR the subunits of NnAChRs in rat TG were determined, and with immunocytochemistry the localization of three prominent subunits (alpha 7, alpha 4 and beta 2) were localized in intact TG neurons. The relative abundance of the alpha and beta subunits were: alpha 7 approximately alpha 3 > alpha 6 > alpha 4 approximately alpha 5 > alpha 9 > or = alpha 2, and beta 2 approximately beta 3 > beta 4. This is the first report of the alpha 9 subunit in TG. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that almost all TG neurons contained alpha 7-LI and alpha 4-LI, and that 85% had beta 2-LI. For these three subunits much of the label was internalized. Immunocytochemical studies using antibodies raised against chick alpha 8 subunits did not specifically label rat TG. These data reveal that rat TG neurons contain the entire spectrum of mammalian NnAChR subunits.