cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IDENTITY IN A VIRTUAL WORLD: THE COEVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY, WORK, AND LIFECYCLE

This article draws on personal experiences of remote work that is facilitated by virtual or on-line communication and collaboration technologies. This personal story illustrates how technology, work, and lifecycle coevolve and how the integration of work, family, and friends into the new, virtual workspaces can open up new conceptualizations of personal identity. An identity that is discretely bounded and that is dependent on physical surroundings can give way to one that more closely aligns with the lived experiences of mobile work and life. If we think of identity as multiple, as open to possibility, and as flexibly responsive to multiple cultures and contexts, we can alter our ideas about work and its relationship to our lives in ways that more closely align with today's hybridized, dematerialized and decontextualized world.
Web Portals: Evidence and Analysis of Media Concentration

Although the Web has grown to several billion pages over the past few years, just a few of the Web sites get most of the visits. Such sites, called portals, attract visitors and advertisers and provide a lot of valuable content at no charge to the visitors. The portals attract a disproportionate amount of the Internet advertising dollars and have the ability to influence the success of new electronic commerce ventures. Using monthly audience data, we examine relative market shares of Web sites in search engines, travel, financial, news, and other categories. We find clear evidence of increasing disparity in page views, with the top Web sites getting an increasing share of the market. Using economic modeling, we show that this disparity is a result of a development externality that exists in this industry: the sites that have more viewers get more revenues; this in turn allows them to develop more content and attract an even greater number of viewers.
Industrial applications of the one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma

Summary form only given. Over the past six years, we have developed at the UTK Plasma Sciences Laboratory a proprietary (to the UT Research Corporation) and patented technology for generating a one atmosphere uniform glow discharge plasma (OAUGDP), and also for industrial plasma processing applications of this discharge. A OAUGDP in air efficiently generates plasma active species, including ozone and atomic oxygen, without the requirement of a vacuum system or batch processing. The OAUGDP operates in a frequency band determined by the ion trapping mechanism provided that, for air, the electric field is above about 8.5 kV/cm. For proper values of gap distance, RF driving frequency, and rms voltage, the OAUGDP produces a uniform plasma without avalanches, streamers, or filamentary microdischarges. In the OAUGDP, the plasma characteristics, including the electron energy and density, are functions of time. This time dependence has been studied experimentally and by computer modeling for an atmospheric helium plasma.
On the odd-DFT and its applications to DCT/IDCT computation

In this correspondence, efficient algorithms are presented for simultaneous calculation of the odd discrete Fourier transform (odd-DFT) and the real DFT. These algorithms are used to derive a new algorithm to calculate the discrete cosine transform (DCT) that is computationally equivalent to the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based algorithm for DCT calculation . In addition, odd-DFT properties are exploited to develop a novel algorithm for an inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) calculation that outperforms previous FFT-based solutions for IDCT calculation
Near-Infrared-Resonant Gold/Gold Sulfide Nanoparticles as a Photothermal Cancer Therapeutic Agent

The development and optimization of near-infrared (nIR) absorbing nanoparticles for use as photothermal cancer therapeutic agents has been ongoing. We have previously reported on larger layered gold / silica nanoshells (~140 nm) for combined therapy and imaging applications. This work exploits the properties of smaller gold / gold sulfide (GGS) nIR absorbing nanoparticles (~35–55 nm) that provide higher absorption (98% absorption & 2% scattering for GGS versus 70% absorption & 30% scattering for gold/silica nanoshells) as well as potentially better tumor penetration. In this work we demonstrate ability to ablate tumor cells in vitro, and efficacy for photothermal cancer therapy, where in an in vivo model we show significantly increased long-term, tumor-free survival. Further, enhanced circulation and bio-distribution is observed in vivo. This class of nIR absorbing nanoparticles has potential to improve upon photothermal tumor ablation for cancer therapy.
Morphological Evolution in the San Francisco Bight

HANES, D.M. AND BARNARD, P.L., 2007. Morphological Evolution in the San Francisco Bight. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 50 (Proceedings of the 9th International Coastal Symposium), 469 – 473. Gold Coast, Australia, ISSN 0749.0208 San Francisco Bight, located near the coast of San Francisco, USA, is an extremely dynamic tidal inlet environment subject to large waves and strong currents. Wave heights coming from the Pacific Ocean commonly exceed 5 m during winter storms. During peak flow tidal currents approach 3 m/s at the Golden Gate, a 1 km wide entrance that connects San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Flow structure in this region varies markedly spatially and temporally due to the complex interaction by wind, waves and tidal currents. A multibeam sonar survey was recently completed that mapped in high resolution, for the first time, the bottom morphology in the region of the ebb tidal delta. This data set includes a giant sand wave field covering an area of approximately 4 square kilometres. The new survey enables the calculation of seabed change that has occurred in the past 50 years, since the last comprehensive survey of the area was completed. This comparison indicates an average erosion of 60 centimetres which equates to a total volume change of approximately 9.2 x 10 7 m 3 . Morphologic change also indicates that flood channels have filled and that the entire ebb delta is contracting radially.
A Swarm Intelligence Based Algorithm for Proteomic Pattern Detection of Ovarian Cancer

The advanced protein profiling technologies can simultaneously resolve and analyze multiple proteins. Evaluating multiple proteins will be essential to establish signature proteomic patterns that distinguish cancer from non-cancer. It is desirable to have complex and intelligent analytical tools to detect the changes in protein expression and their correlation to diseases conditions. This paper proposed a swarming-agent based intelligence algorithm using a hybrid ant colony optimization/particle swarm optimization (ACO/PSO) algorithm to identify the diagnostic proteomic patterns of biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed system has high predictive accuracy and better diagnostic performance.
Runway imaging from an approaching aircraft using synthetic aperture radar

We consider high-resolution radar imaging of an airport runway and environs from an approaching aircraft. Such a radar could provide successful imaging in all-weather conditions. We show the feasibility of using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) to achieve high-resolution reflectivity imagery of a runway region. A formula is given specifying the data collection time required to achieve a desired cross-range resolution. Traditional polar-format processing is inaccurate for this scenario because the required plane-wave assumption is violated. We explore two alternative approaches to SAR image formation based on the exact form of the range function: a general SAR inversion algorithm and the w-k algorithm. We present simulation results for these algorithms, based on realistic SAR parameters.
"Patch on demand" saves even more time? [network security]

Zero-day attacks are those for which users receive no prior warning and thus have no preventive measures in place. We integrate the vulnerability discovery, patch generation, and patch application cycles into a system that automatically detects a new attack, analyzes its modus operandi, determines the best software patch, and applies it at the desired level of granularity LAN, enterprise, or Internet-wide. We develop a vaccination system that automatically generates patches to protect an application's source code.
How many SNPs are enough

Since the days of allozyme analysis, we have been enamored with the idea that if we just had enough polymorphic mendelian loci, we could gauge the inbreeding level of individuals by measuring heterozygosity and simultaneously measure the degree of genetic relatedness between pairs of individuals. Given Mendel’s Laws, we have always known that we would need numerous independently segregating loci to achieve any reasonable degree of accuracy. Santure et al. (2010, this issue) use a 771 marker SNP panel to assess heterozygosity levels and to assess pairwise relatedness, and compare both with theoretical expectations obtained from a carefully recorded pedigree of a zebra finch breeding colony, as a function of increasing numbers of SNP markers. They also compare the SNP results with those from a 20-locus microsatellite panel, showing that adding SNPs to a fairly large microsatellite panel improves accuracy, but given an existing panel of 125 SNPs, little is to be gained by adding microsatellites. They show that the accuracy available for estimating individual levels of inbreeding is somewhat limited. They also show that the average pairwise relatedness measures bracket pedigree relationship very nicely, but the variances for individual pairs remain substantial, even with a very large panel.
The services for children and adolescents-parent interview: development and performance characteristics.

ABSTRACT Objective: To date, no instrument has been developed that captures children's services use across primary care, specialty mental health, and other settings, including setting, treatment type, provider discipline, and length and intensity of specific interventions over varying follow-up periods. The authors developed a highly structured services assessment measure [Services for Children and Adolescents–Parent Interview (SCAPI)] for use in the National Institute of Mental Health Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA). Method: After successfully piloting and refining the SCAPI during initial phases of the MTA, the authors used this measure at 24 months post-randomization to ascertain the previous 6 months of services use for all participating (516 of 579) MTA children and families and 285 age- and gender-matched classroom control children. Results: Findings revealed meaningful, face-valid differences between MTA and control children in levels and types of services used during the previous 6-month period. Services use data reported by parents was substantially in accord with data independently gathered by the research data center. Site variations were found in the level and use of several specific services, such as individual child psychotherapy (sites ranged from 0% to 6.8% among classroom controls compared with 9.7% to 46.1% among MTA participants) and special education services (0% to 14.6% among classroom controls, 27.5% to 34.8% among MTA participants), consistent with differences reported in other studies. Conclusions: These data support the descriptive validity of SCAPI-ascertained services use data and indicate that the SCAPI can provide investigators and policymakers a valid means of assessing services type, intensity, onset and offset, provider type, and content.
Perspectives: Technical considerations in performing radial procedures

Although there are many articles extolling the potential benefits of radial procedures, there are fewer reviews that deal with the ‘nitty gritty’ technical aspects needed to perform the procedures. What catheterization lab equipment is needed to convert from femoral procedures and are there technical tricks that can facilitate coronary arteriography in radial procedures? This article discusses some of these considerations. Any catheterization suite that performs femoral procedures can perform radial studies. The most important piece of equipment is a wide arm board to support the patient's arm and provide an adequate platform between the arm and the patient's body to rest the angiographer's equipment. Typically, the patient's arm is placed close to the body. Most procedures utilize the right radial artery, but the left can be used based on the patient's anatomy (particularly for tortuosity of the right subclavian artery) and the type of procedure performed, e.g. need to cannulate the left internal thoracic artery. Before either wrist is fully prepared for the radial procedure, it is critical to perform a modified Allen's test with pulse oximetry to confirm that there is adequate ulnar collateral circulation in the circumstance that the patient develops radial artery occlusion. Radial artery occlusion is a rare complication (3–6%)1 and is very well tolerated if there is adequate collateral circulation. However, if there is not adequate collateral circulation, a radial artery occlusion could lead to severe ischaemia. The modified Allen's with pulse oximetry and plethysmography is the authors' method of choice as it is more objective. The ulnar artery and its runoff directly supply the 4th and 5th digit and half of the 3rd digit. However, through collaterals it would supply blood to the first and second digit. Therefore, it is important to place the pulse oximeter on the thumb or second digit. An …
IVHS protection at light rail grade crossings

Many light rail grade crossings are located at the intersection of two streets. Rail movements through these complex intersections are typically protected by conventional traffic signals. There is considerable evidence to suggest that drivers do not fully understand their responsibilities at these crossings. When this misunderstanding results in an accident it can cost the transit operator and society millions of dollars (e.g., pain and suffering, lawsuits, and traveler delay). Unfortunately, such factors as budget constraints and space limitations preclude conventional grade crossing protection at many of these intersections. The study of the accident rates at various light rail crossings suggest that an intelligent collision avoidance system could reduce the frequency and severity of accidents. To date, research has quantified the costs of light rail grade crossing accidents and identified the causal events leading up to a collision. Furthermore, the authors have outlined a possible intelligent system to detect and respond to hazardous drivers. The intelligent system accomplishes three tasks: automobile detection, hazard prediction and a graduated response that depends on the hazard level. If such a system proves to be cost effective it would find wide application on the growing number of light rail systems in the USA and abroad. It could also be generalized to conventional railroad operations. >
Measuring slum severity in Mumbai and Kolkata: A household-based approach

Abstract Slums pose a significant challenge for urban planning and policy as they provide shelter to a third of urban residents. UN-Habitat reports that, in 2001, approximately 924 million people lived in slums or informal settlements across the world ( UN-Habitat, 2003 ). However, varying definitions of what constitutes a slum result in different slum population estimates. Most definitions treat a slum as a community of several households, rarely recognizing that housing conditions differ for each individual household within the area. Moreover, definitions of slums usually take a dichotomous approach whereby a place is either a slum or not. Little attempt is made to go beyond this slum/non-slum dichotomy. This paper moves beyond the traditional ways of defining a slum by proposing a new household level enumeration of slums and developing Slum Severity Index (SSI), which measures the level of deprivation on a continuous scale based on the UN-Habitat's slum definition. We apply this new approach of analyzing slums to a household survey dataset to estimate the total number of slum households in Mumbai and Kolkata, two megacities in India. To contrast our approach, we compare these estimates with the Census of India's. The comparison highlights stark differences in the two estimates and the slum/non-slum household classifications. The estimates by the Census are considerably smaller than those based on the UN-Habitat definition in both cities. By applying the SSI, we also demonstrate intra-urban variability in housing conditions within our study cities. The analysis highlights differences in slum profiles measured in terms of both housing deprivation levels and housing deprivation types in both cities. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of the household level analysis of slums in drawing implications for designing and implementing slum policies.
Catalytic generation of nitric oxide from S-nitrosothiols using immobilized organoselenium species

Novel nitric oxide (NO) generating polymeric materials possessing immobilized organoselenium species are described. These materials mimic the capability of small organoselenium molecules as well as a known selenium-containing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), by catalytically decomposing S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) into NO and the corresponding free thiol. Model polymeric materials, e.g., cellulose filter paper and polyethylenimine, are modified with an appropriate diselenide species covalently linked to the polymeric structures. Such organoselenium (RSe)-derivatized polymers are shown to generate NO from RSNO species in the presence of an appropriate thiol reducing agent (e.g., glutathione). The likely involvement of both immobilized selenol/selenolate and diselenide species for NO production is suggested via a catalytic pathway, as deduced in separate homogeneous solution phase experiments using non-immobilized forms of small organodiselenide species. Preliminary experiments with the new RSe-polymers clearly demonstrate the ability of such materials to generate NO from RSNO species even after the contact with fresh animal plasma. It is anticipated that such NO generation from endogenous S-nitrosothiols in blood could render RSe-containing polymeric materials more thromboresistant when in contact with flowing blood, owing to NO's ability to inhibit platelet adhesion and activation.
Revisiting Reliability: The Misuse of Cronbach's Alpha in Political Science

As the recent exchange in Psychometrika illustrates (Green, 2009; Sijtsma, 2009), 60 years after the original paper (Cronbach, 1951) the psychometric community is still trying to instruct readers on how to meaningfully interpret and report Cronbach's alpha. Most psychometricians know that alpha is not the most sophisticated measure of a scale's internal consistency ( Borsboom, 2006; Bentler, 2009). However, it remains the most often cited measure of reliability. More disturbingly, most use a "large enough" coefficient alpha to illustrate something that is not mathematically warranted (unidimensionality or trait strength). Given the slippage between advanced psychometric methods and those who use reliability analysis in applied research, this paper sets out to illustrate a new way to think about Cronbach's alpha and to show how the size, and therefore "statistical significance," of alpha is largely a function of the number of items in the analysis and the number of subjects taking the test. Through Monte Carlo simulation, this paper simplifies interpretations of alpha by clearly deriving the limits of its usefulness, illustrating its sensitivity to sample and scale sizes, and providing users and students of reliability analysis with an additional measure to make alpha comparable across different scales and samples.
A Symmetry Theorem in the Positron Theory

In the positron theory considerable interest attaches to the consideration of processes in which the occurrence of electrons and positrons is transitory only, such as the scattering of light by a Coulomb field (Delbr\"uck), and the scattering of light by light (Euler and Kockel). Calculations of such effects can frequently be simplified on account of cancellations brought about by the distribution's symmetry between electrons and positrons. An abstract proof is here presented for the theorem which predicts the appearance of such cancellations in the general case. Certain modifications are found to be required when interactions other than the usual electric forces are introduced.
Abstract WMP108: Stroke Prevention by Screening Seniors for the Silent Carotid Artery Disease, Atrial Fibrillation, and Hypertension that are the Immediate Causes of Stroke

Background— Stroke is the leading cause of disability and health care expenditures in the United States. Carotid artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension; are the immediate primary cau...
Study of \(\kappa (D)\) for \(D = \{2, 3, x, y\}\)

Let D be a set of positive integers. The kappa value of D, denoted by \(\kappa (D)\), is the parameter involved in the so called “lonely runner conjecture.” Let x, y be positive integers, we investigate the kappa values for the family of sets \(D =\{2, 3, x, y\}\). For a fixed positive integer \(x > 3\), the exact values of \(\kappa (D)\) are determined for \(y=x+i\), \(1 \le i \le 6\). These results lead to some asymptotic behavior of \(\kappa (D)\) for \(D=\{2, 3, x, y\}\).
DISRUPTIVE SELECTION ON HABITAT PREFERENCE AND THE EVOLUTION OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION: A SIMULATION STUDY.

There has been a wide diversity of theoretical work on the genetic mechanisms that promote speciation under sympatric (non-allopatric) conditions (see Thoday and Gibson, 1970; Bush, 1975; Endler, 1977; White, 1978; Futuyma and Mayer, 1980; Templeton, 1981 for review). The conclusion from this work is that sympatric speciation is genetically possible but it is not clear whether or not it has played a major role in the generation of species under natural conditions. Assessing the evolutionary importance of sympatric speciation awaits the identification of those environmental circumstances that are most likely to promote the process. Here I suggest that environmental conditions which produce disruptive selection on habitat preference represent a special case in which sympatric speciation is particularly likely to occur. By habitat preference I mean any tendency of an organism to become non-randomly associated with a particular spatial and/ or temporal part of an environment.
Extractable Insulin Measured by Immuno-Chemical Assay Effect of Tolbutamide

SummaryThe new method for immunochemical assay of extractable insulin from the pancreas described in this report is based on the change in binding of insulin-I131 to insulin antibodies in the presence of varying quantities of unlabeled insulin. The method was used to study changes in extractable pancreatic insulin after administration of tolbutamide to normal mice. Although tolbutamide caused a sharp decline in blood sugar within 2 hours of administration, a consistent decrease of insulin in the pancreas was not observed.
Modulation of the microbiota-gut-brain axis by probiotics in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease

Anxiety, depression, and altered memory are associated with intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Understanding the link between these behavioral changes and IBD is impor...
Associated and Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension in Children

High intracranial pressure in a youngster is good reason for serious concern even when there are no other signs of tumor. The nontumorous conditions that may be etiologic make up a large and diverse group, ranging from drugs to endocrine dysfunction to venous obstruction. Making the diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension is, of necessity, a long process of elimination.
An Improvement of Receiver of MC-CDMA Communication System

MC-CDMA system can sustain multimedia operation of wireless communication,so it has a blueprint in future development.But,the performance of this system is influenced by one user multi-code interference and multi-user interference.In order to solve this problem,this paper introduces a MMSE-SIC receiver to improve MC-CDMA system in multiplex transmission.
Security analysis for the spanning pipelines located in Dong-Fang 1-1 Gas Field

Submarine pipelines are major instruments for transporting oil and gas.A finite element model was established for the spanning pipelines near a seabed.The variations of pipeline deformation with current ve-locity was calculated according to the measurement data of Dong-Fang 1-1 Gas Field.The security assess-ments was analyzed.The dangerous segments of a spanning pipeline were pinpointed.This result will guide the company in preventive measures for dangerous spanning pipelines.
The effects of epicardiectomy on the performance of the acutely ischemic left ventricle.

Summary The effects of epicardiectomy on left ventricular function were assessed in dogs in which the left anterior descending coronary artery was temporarily occluded. Epicardiectomy significantly improved the performance of the acutely ischemic left ventricle as determined by ventricular function curves, length-tension curves, and force velocity relations. A significant increase in dp/dt max. and a lessened tendency for ventricular fibrillation also followed epicardiectomy. Diastolic left ventricular compliance was not altered. Improved ventricular performance was observed when there was no opportunity for blood to enter the myocardium from the left ventricular lumen, suggesting that this mechanism is not responsible for the functional improvement which occurred.
Transepithelial phosphate transport in rabbit proximal tubular cells adapted to phosphate deprivation.

Both renal and nonrenal cells in culture adapt to deprivation of Pi by increasing Na-dependent Pi uptake. We studied whether this change in uptake is reflected in an increased renal transepithelial...
Part II Moments

This section consists of three chapters. Each chapter includes two to four individual case studies drawn from the empirical data collected in the Moments project. The case studies are categorized around three main themes that emerged from the collected moments, Relationships, Change, and Death. In a unique moment to moment format, the author responds to each selected moment using interpretive methods usually limited to literary texts. The source of the interpretation ranges across the social and physical sciences and humanities, including the work of Paul Ricouer, John Bowlby, Martin Buber, Brian Massumi, Roland Barthes, and Luce Irigary.
A microneedle biosensor for minimally-invasive transdermal detection of nerve agents

A microneedle electrochemical biosensor for the minimally invasive detection of organophosphate (OP) chemical agents is described. The new sensor relies on the coupling of the effective biocatalytic action of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) with a hollow-microneedle modified carbon-paste array electrode transducer, and involves rapid square-wave voltammetric (SWV) measurements of the p-nitrophenol product of the OPH enzymatic reaction in the presence of the OP substrate. The scanning-potential SWV transduction mode offers an additional dimension of selectivity compared to common fixed-potential OPH-amperometric biosensors. The microneedle device offers a highly linear response for methyl paraoxon (MPOx) over the range of 20-180 μM, high selectivity in the presence of excess co-existing ascorbic acid and uric acid and a high stability sensor upon exposure to the interstitial fluid (ISF). The OPH microneedle sensor was successfully tested ex vivo using mice skin samples exposed to MPOx, demonstrating its promise for minimally-invasive monitoring of OP agents and pesticides and as a wearable sensor for detecting toxic compounds, in general.
Can I Stop Phototherapy for This Baby

* Abbreviation: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) consensus-based guidelines for the initiation of phototherapy1,2 have been universally adopted in the United States and even applied in other countries,3,4 whereas several countries have developed their own phototherapy guidelines.5–8 Substantially less guidance, however, has been provided on when to stop birth hospitalization phototherapy to avoid retreatment. In fact, the AAP Subcommittee on Hyperbilirubinemia has acknowledged that there is no standard for discontinuation.2 Evidence-based answers to this common clinical question are now provided by Chang et al9 in this issue of Pediatrics . From 105 808 neonates born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation at 1 of 17 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals between 2012 and 2014, Chang et al9 identified a cohort of 7048 newborns treated with phototherapy. The objective of the study was to identify predictors of “rebound,” defined as a return to treatment threshold levels within … Address correspondence to Ian M. Paul, MD, MSc, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, HS83, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033. E-mail: ipaul{at}psu.edu
Better to Give than to Receive: An Uncommon Commons in Synthetic Biology

The emerging scientific field of synthetic biology offers an array of technical and scientific approaches new to the biological sciences. In addition, the community of scientists leading synthetic biology tends to agree on an ethos of openness and collaboration that marks a departure from the previous proprietary norm predominant in biology. While traditional biologists have long relied upon the patent system to protect and foster commercialization of their inventions, the synthetic biology community has tended to promote the very different ethos of open innovation and has created knowledge commons governance institutions to support that ethos. In fact, many in the field suspect patents of chilling research and believe that patenting ought to be avoided. Instead, many synthetic biologists prefer to contribute the new strands of DNA that they create to a commons, whose contents are available to all. This chapter first provides some background on the field of synthetic biology. It next describes some of the institutions that synthetic biologists have put in place to create and maintain a synthetic biology commons. It then shares the first empirical evidence from synthetic biology that in the synthetic biology commons, giving behavior is overwhelmingly more frequent than taking behavior. In other words, instead of being dominated by free riders, the synthetic biology knowledge commons appears to offer free rides.
Cyclooxygenase enzyme activity does not impair respiratory motor plasticity after one night of intermittent hypoxia.

Abstract Although inflammation is prevalent in many clinical disorders challenging breathing, we are only beginning to understand the impact of inflammation on neural mechanisms of respiratory control. We recently demonstrated one form of respiratory motor plasticity is extremely sensitive to even mild inflammation induced by a single night (8 h) of intermittent hypoxia (IH-1), mimicking aspects of obstructive sleep apnea. Specifically, phrenic long-term facilitation (pLTF) following moderate acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) is abolished by IH-1, but restored by high doses of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ketoprofen. Since a major target of ketoprofen is cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, we tested the involvement of COX in IH-1 suppression of pLTF using the selective COX inhibitor NS-398. Systemic COX inhibition (3 mg/kg, i.p., 3 h before AIH) had no effect on pLTF in normoxia treated rats (76 ± 40% change from baseline, n = 6), and did not restore pLTF in IH-1 treated rats (–9 ± 7% baseline, n = 6). Similarly, spinal COX inhibition (27 mM, 12 μl, i.t.) had no effect on pLTF in normoxic rats (76 ± 34% baseline, n = 7), and did not significantly restore pLTF after IH-1 (37 ± 18% baseline, n = 7). COX-2 protein is expressed in identified phrenic motor neurons of both normoxia and IH-1 exposed rats, but immunolabeling was minimal in surrounding microglia; IH-1 had no discernable effect on COX-2 immunoreactivity. We conclude that the inflammatory impairment of pLTF by IH-1 is independent of COX enzyme activity or upregulated COX-2 expression.
General Principles of Preoperative Planning

In fracture surgery, preoperative planning is a critical component of management as it optimizes the patient outcome, the efficiency and operative performance of the surgeon, and the educational experience of everybody involved in the planning process. Preoperative planning starts with analysis of fracture, extremity, and patient characteristics in order to understand the current problem and determine the management goals. Potential solutions are evaluated, the optimal course of action is decided upon, and a step by step individualized management plan is developed and implemented.
Multicolour lineage tracing reveals clonal dynamics of squamous carcinoma evolution from initiation to metastasis

Tumour cells are subjected to evolutionary selection pressures during progression from initiation to metastasis. We analysed the clonal evolution of squamous skin carcinomas induced by DMBA/TPA treatment using the K5CreER-Confetti mouse and stage-specific lineage tracing. We show that benign tumours are polyclonal, but only one population contains the Hras driver mutation. Thus, benign papillomas are monoclonal in origin but recruit neighbouring epithelial cells during growth. Papillomas that never progress to malignancy retain several distinct clones, whereas progression to carcinoma is associated with a clonal sweep. Newly generated clones within carcinomas demonstrate intratumoural invasion and clonal intermixing, often giving rise to metastases containing two or more distinct clones derived from the matched primary tumour. These data demonstrate that late-stage tumour progression and dissemination are governed by evolutionary selection pressures that operate at a multicellular level and, therefore, differ from the clonal events that drive initiation and the benign-malignant transition.
A docência na Educação Superior e a constituição da professoralidade

This paper presents considerations that resulted from a study case research that was focused on continuing education of university professors currently working at a community university. The research is based on the conception of the institution of professorality as a continuous process to be considered along the personal and professional development of professors. This concept states that continuing education has to be nurtured considering the context, the knowledge, the training demands as well as the protagonism of those for whom it is intended. It indicates the opening of spaces, time and mechanisms that enable professors to outsource their needs, expectations as well as to share knowledge and pedagogical practices. It points to self-training processes and hetero-formation as methodologies to allow the consolidation of collaborative learning communities.
How to explore a patient with a chronic axonal polyneuropathy

Chronic axonal polyneuropathies are very frequently encountered by physicians. It is important to take a systematic approach when evaluating these patients. In this chapter we present such an approach. We present the diagnostic recommendations based on previously published evidence-based reviews and guidelines.
Warm Season Land Surface — Climate Interactions in the United States Midwest from Mesoscale Observations

The United States Midwest over the last two decades has experienced marked warm season climate anomalies, including droughts and major floods. While the development of these extreme events can usually be traced to anomalies in atmospheric circulation, and may include teleconnections, studies based on model simulations have shown that land surface forcing may be partly responsible for the persistence of these climate anomalies. This study evaluates the presence and strength of long-term land surface-climate interactions in the U.S. Midwest. We do this via an analysis of the cross-seasonal (spring and summer) associations between temperature and moisture (Palmer Drought Severity Index-PDSI, Crop Moisture-Z Index, and precipitation) anomalies. Direct and lag correlations for the 1895–1995 and 1948–1995 periods show that warm and dry summers tend to follow warm spring seasons. These results imply that springtime precipitation anomalies may help to determine the temperature regime of the following summer, possibly via the moisture content of the upper soil. We also show that broad land cover types tend to modulate summer climate anomalies in the U. S. Midwest.
Building Understanding Across the Walls in a Flat World - A Case Study of Cross-Cultural leadership Training for Chinese Executives

This paper attempts to partially answer the question of how leadership matters in a Flat World (Friedman, 2006) based upon the experiences of a comprehensive six-month American cultural immersion program at Millersville University in Pennsylvania begun in 1996. The paper examines the social context and its inherent variability for comparing leadership across cultures by using an assimilation framework of analysis. Are American attributes of leadership transferable between broader societies and how will leadership in that context matter? The Flat World defines a new platform of globalization that provides a collaborative interface for civilization. What is the interplay between individual and political ideological socialization and the ability to redefine such for leaders who learn leadership attributes in one culture but practice in another culture? It demonstrates the lens through which these highly educated Chinese view, interpret and analyze the American Experience juxtaposed with their personal ideological constraints. It also presents a good model which suggests that business schools can do much more than educate business leaders by incorporating collaborative efforts to achieve world peace, a recent AACSB International objective. (News Release, March 22, 2006). The paper develops as many questions about cross-cultural leadership as it does answers in examining how cross-cultural leadership matters but in so doing offers several heuristic devices for the further exploration of cross-cultural leadership frameworks.
The Common Law Prohibition on Party Testimony and the Development of Tort Liability

For two and a half centuries of accident law's history, between about 1600 and 1850, neither the plaintiff nor the defendant in a tort suit could testify in that suit. In fact, during this period the parties could not testify in any civil suit, and the defendant could not testify in a criminal case. These prohibitions were features of a broader common law rule providing that any potential witness who had an "interest" in the outcome of a case was not competent to testify in it. It was not until statutes abolishing this evidentiary prohibition were enacted in England in the 1840s, and in the United States between the late 1840s and the 1890s, that the parties were permitted to testify in tort (and other) suits. This Essay addresses the influence of the prohibition against party testimony on the development of tort liability prior to the middle of the 19th century.
A New Number-Phase Uncertainty Principle

Consider a single mode of the radiation field—with annihilation operator âIN— that is in state |ψ IN 〉. Suppose this mode undergoes an unknown, non-random, c- number phase shift Ф to yield a phase-shifted mode, â ≡ âINeiФ, in state |ψ〉 ≡ exp(iФâ† INâ IN ). Within this construct—shown in Fig. 1—the fundamental quantum limits on optical-phase measurement can be addressed by means of quantum estimation theory, i.e., if we can choose both the input state, |ψ IN 〉, and the quantum measurement that we make on output mode, â, what is the best performance we can obtain in estimating the value of Ф from the outcome of this quantum measurement? We have treated1,2 this quantum estimation problem using the maximum-likelihood (ML) performance criterion.
Developmental Changes in EEG Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a leading genetic cause of autism and intellectual disabilities. Sensory-processing deficits are common in humans with FXS and an animal model, the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, manifesting in the auditory system as debilitating hypersensitivity and abnormal electroencephalographic (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP) phenotypes. FXS is a neurodevelopmental disorder, but how EEG/ERP phenotypes change during development is unclear. Therefore, we characterized baseline and stimulus-evoked EEG in auditory and frontal cortex of developing (postnatal day (P) 21 and P30) and adult (P60) wildtype (WT) and Fmr1 KO mice with the FVB genetic background. We found that baseline gamma-band power and N1 amplitude of auditory ERP were increased in frontal cortex of Fmr1 KO mice during development and in adults. Baseline gamma power was increased in auditory cortex at P30. Genotype differences in stimulus-evoked gamma power were present in both cortical regions, but the direction and strength of the changes were age-dependent. These findings suggest that cortical deficits are present during early development and may contribute to sensory-processing deficits in FXS, which in turn may lead to anxiety and delayed language. Developmental changes in EEG measures indicate that observations at a single time-point during development are not reflective of FXS disease progression and highlight the need to identify developmental trajectories and optimal windows for treatment.
A primer for system dynamics modeling and simulation

In real-world systems, change and complex interactions are the norm. As a result, stakeholders face challenges and problems when they try to complete tasks and accomplish important activities in these systems. Linear and traditional analytic approaches fall short in helping us to understand problematic behavior in complex systems and in changing such behavior; they provide faulty and misguided recommendations. The system dynamics approach is based on feedback and control theory, and is well suited for tackling dynamic phenomena. This paper discusses the use and applications of system dynamics modeling, general lessons related to how and when to use this approach, and relevant tools.
Early Outcomes with the Use of ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Combined Heart and Lung Transplant

Purpose There is limited evidence to support the use of ExtraCorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to combined heart-lung transplantation (HLT). This may become an important tool to get patients transplanted considering the new heart status allocation system. We sought to evaluate the outcomes with the use of ECMO as a bridge to HLT in the United States. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1039 adult HLT in the UNOS database between 1987 and 2018. We divided the patients’ population in three groups based on the use of mechanical support before HLT: ECMO bridge (38/1039), mechanical ventilation (MV) only (41/1039) and no support (960/1039). Survival curves were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by Cox proportional hazards model . Predictors of in-hospital mortality were analysed by logistic regression . Results Demographics by group are depicted in Figure 1. Thirty days and 1-year mortality for the ECMO, MV and no support group were 50%, 34%, 16% and 50%, 55.5%, 31%, respectively (p acute rejection and airway dehiscence between the three groups (p=0.5 and p=0.6, respectively). Conclusion The use of ECMO as a bridge strategy to combined HLT is associated with high early mortality. These results should be weighted at the time of candidacy to transplant and may negatively affect organ allocation in combined HLT.
Endometrial cancer with cervical extension in an obese patient: options for surgery versus combined chemoradiotherapy and extra-fascial hysterectomy.

A 52-year-old G perimenopausal woman presented with vaginal discharge, in the form of copious amounts of yellow, watery, bloody discharge. As per evaluation performed at an outside institution, the patient was referred to a urologist, for suspected vesicovaginal fistula. Cystoscopy was negative;
Significance of Emotional Intelligence in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Study on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in Financial and Educational Services Sector

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the cognitive ability of a computer or machine to think and learn. It is imperative to evaluate the extent to which the Artificial Intelligence (AI) can integrate Emotional Intelligence (EI) which is being posited as a facilitator of enhancing millennial engagement. This study is undertaken with two objectives: 1) exploring the extent of use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial services and 2) examining AI‟s role in enhancing a student‟s experience in learning activities. The methodology of the study is mainly exploratory. The study brings forth certain significant implications of the future of skill development and the ethical issues that require deliberation for purposes of legislation and drafting of public protection policies.
Salmonella enterica colonization and fitness in pre-harvest cantaloupe production.

Abstract Cantaloupes have emerged as significant vehicles of widespread foodborne illness outbreaks caused by bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of Salmonella colonization and internalization in cantaloupes by relevant routes of contamination. Cantaloupe plants (Cucumis melo ‘reticulatus’) from two cultivars ‘Athena’ (Eastern) and ‘Primo’ (Western) were grown from commercial seed. Plants were maintained in the NCSU BSL-3P phytotron greenhouse. Salmonella enterica (a cocktail of cantaloupe-associated outbreak serovars Javiana, Newport, Panama, Poona and Typhimurium) contamination was introduced via blossoms or soil at ca. 4.4 log10 CFU/blossom or 8.4 log10 CFU/root zone, respectively. Cantaloupes were analyzed for Salmonella by enrichment in accordance with modified FDA-BAM methods. Five randomly chosen colonies from each Salmonella-positive sample were typed using the Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer following multiplex PCR. Data were analyzed for prevalence of contamination and serovar predominance in fruit, stems and soil. Of the total cantaloupe fruit harvested from Salmonella-inoculated blossoms (n = 63), 89% (56/63) were externally contaminated and 73% (46/63) had Salmonella internalized into the fruit. Serovar Panama was the most commonly isolated from the surface of fruit while S. Panama and S. Poona were the most prevalent inside the fruit. When soil was inoculated with Salmonella at one day post-transplant, 13% (8/60) of the plants were shown to translocate the organism to the lower stem (ca. 4 cm) by 7 days post-inoculation (dpi). We observed Salmonella persistence in the soil up to 60 dpi with S. Newport being the predominant serovar at 10 and 20 dpi. These data demonstrate that contaminated soil and blossoms can lead to Salmonella internalization into the plant or fruit at a relatively high frequency.