cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence of Public Celebrations and Feasting: Politics and Agency in Late Eighteenth-Early Nineteenth Century New York

Feasting is an important component in celebrations. Food and drink improve spirits and add a welcoming touch to events. At the end of the Revolutionary parades and feasts common throughout the year in cities and towns throughout the United States. The founding fathers struggled to keep the nation afloat and to unite an already heterogeneous population. By sponsoring public celebrations competing political factions won favor with the citizenry. Archaeological remains of celebrations are rarely identified. However, the Assay Site excavations in 1984 uncovered two large wooden box features containing unusually high concentrations of artifacts, and floral and faunal remains. One of the box contents was assigned to Cortland Van Buren, a Sachem of the Tammany Society and wealthy grocer. It is suggested that the faunal remains represent not only the remains of public feasts but also the Tammany Society’s political involvement in sponsoring celebrations through Van Buren.
Wet Air Oxidation

Wet Air Oxidation is a process for oxidizing materials in a dilute aqueous matrix. The usual temperature range, 150° to 320°C, requires high pressure to maintain a liquid phase. It has been applied industrially to de-toxify dilute streams of organic (and oxidizable inorganic) materials in water. High destruction efficiencies (99+%) have been demonstrated on a wide range of materials. The oxidation proceeds in a series of steps however, and some small residual species are resistant to further oxidation, eg. acetic acid. The liquid product usually shows a substantial residual chemical oxygen demand as a result, eg 25% or more of the original. A bio-treatment is usually provided for final clean-up.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Religious Congregation-based Social Service Delivery Efforts

The current study utilizes Swidler's (1986) cultural toolkit theory to explain racial/ethnic differences in American religious congregations' provision of social service programs. This study suggests that black Americans' reliance upon structural tools to assess poverty contributes to their congregations being more heavily involved than majority white congregations in the provision of social services that attempt to make a longer-term impact on community life (i.e. academic tutoring and job training). In contrast, white Americans' greater reliance upon individualistic tools to understand poverty arguably contributes to their congregations being more heavily involved in the provision of programs that have a shorter-term impact on community life (i.e. food, thrift, and shelter). While majority Latino congregations are less likely than are black congregations to provide longer-term impacting programs only, majority Asian congregations tend to be less heavily involved in the provision of both longer and shorter term impacting programs.
Accounting for the Gap: A Firm Study Manipulating Organizational Accountability in Pay Decisions

Organizational accountability has become an increasingly central strategy discussed in the literature for addressing workplace inequality. According to the accountability mechanism formulated and e...
Using Curriculum-Based Measurement to Predict Student Performance on an Eighth-Grade State Reading Assessment:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between scores on two common curriculum-based measures (CBMs), oral reading fluency (ORF) and maze, and scores on the previous statewid...
Up, down, or sideways: emplacement of magmatic Fe–Ni–Cu–PGE sulfide melts in large igneous provinces

The preferential localization of Fe–Ni–Cu–PGE sulfides within the horizontal components of dike–sill–lava flow complexes in large igneous provinces (LIPs) indicates that they were fluid dynamic tra...
The Analysis of Blood Lipids by Chromatography and Infrared Spectrophotometry

The great interest in the “blood lipids in recent years particularly in relationship to a number of disease states has stimulated the development of new methods for the analysis of these compounds. Many of the older procedures did not resolve many of the blood lipid components but measured only groups or classes in toto. This is particularly true for phospholipids in whole blood, plasma, and erythrocytes. It is obvious now that there are specific changes occurring within the specific lipid classes which may well go undetected by older methods of analysis (1–3). This presentation will describe methods which have been developed for analyzing most if not all of the individual species of lipids present in blood, both in the formed elements and plasma. These procedures involve Sephadex column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography coupled with infrared spectrophotometry and gas-liquid chromatography.
Assessing Neuroprotective Agents for Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease, currently incurable, which presents one of the largest unmet needs in medicine. AD is histologically characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ), evident as senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau. However, the levels of diffusible extracellular Aβ, a neuropeptide largely present in oligomeric form, rise by orders of magnitude many years before evident pathology and subsequent AD diagnosis. The long delay in neurotoxicity and synaptic dysfunction triggered by Aβ and driven by abnormal tau indicates the presence of inherent neuroprotective systems in brain. Here, we propose that strategic approaches for the identification and implementation of neuroprotective agents could provide novel therapeutics for this devastating disease.
KINETIC AND REDOX PROPERTIES OF FLAVOPROTEINS IN MITOCHONDRIA

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on kinetic and redox properties of flavoproteins in mitochondria. New technical developments have recently been introduced in study of the flavoprotein components of the respiratory chain. Characteristically, the absorption bands of the flavoproteins overlap and obviously, approaches similar to those which have been so effective in observations of the cytochromes are less effective with the flavoproteins. Employing fluorescence signals, the lowest potential component is obtained from which absorbancy signals are not detectable. The higher potential flavoprotein is identified as the flavoprotein of succinic dehydrogenase. Except for a similar positive movement in the redox potential of both flavoproteins, it is apparent that they are retained in a nonfluorescent form in fragmented membranes and the purified NADH and succinate–cytochrome c reductase.
Under Control: Compositionally Correct Closure Conversion with Mutable State

Compositional compiler verification aims to ensure correct compilation of components, not just whole programs. Perconti and Ahmed [2014] propose a methodology for compositional compiler correctness that supports linking with code of arbitrary provenance. In particular, they allow compiled components to be linked with code whose functionality cannot even be expressed in the compiler's own source language. The essence of their approach is to define a multi-language system that formalizes interoperability between the source and target languages so that compiler correctness can be stated as contextual equivalence in the multi-language. They illustrate this methodology on a two-pass type-preserving compiler for a polymorphic language with recursive types.We show how to extend this multi-language compiler-verification approach to a source language with ML-style mutable references. We present the first compositional correctness proof of typed closure conversion for a language with mutable state. More importantly, we show we can extend our target language with first-class control (call/cc) yielding a compiler correctness theorem that allows components compiled from the source language (without call/cc) to be linked with target-language components (with call/cc) whose extensional behavior cannot be expressed in the source. A nontrivial technical contribution is the design of the multi-language logical relation used to carry out the proof of compiler correctness. This is semantically challenging due to the mix of parametric polymorphism and mutable state in both interoperating languages.We use a blue font to typeset our source language and a bold red to typeset the target. The paper will be much easier to read if viewed/printed in color.
Efficient gHMC Reconstruction of Contaminant Release History

We present a generalized hybrid Monte Carlo (gHMC) method for fast, statistically optimal reconstruction of release histories of reactive contaminants. The approach is applicable to large-scale, strongly nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties and data corrupted by measurement errors. The use of discrete adjoint equations facilitates numerical implementation of gHMC, without putting any restrictions on the degree of nonlinearity of advection-dispersion-reaction equations that are used to describe contaminant transport in the subsurface. To demonstrate the salient features of the proposed algorithm, we identify the spatial extent of a distributed source of contamination from concentration measurements of a reactive solute.
Quantum null energy condition, entanglement wedge nesting, and quantum focusing

We study the consequences of entanglement wedge nesting for conformal field theories (CFTs) with holographic duals. The CFT is formulated on an arbitrary curved background, and we include the effects of curvature-squared couplings in the bulk. In this setup we find necessary and sufficient conditions for entanglement wedge nesting to imply the quantum null energy condition in $d\ensuremath{\le}5$, extending its earlier holographic proofs. We also show that the quantum focusing conjecture yields the quantum null energy condition as its nongravitational limit under these same conditions.
Maternal Race/Ethnicity, Hypertension, and Risk for Stroke During Delivery Admission.

Background Racial disparities contribute to maternal morbidity in the United States. Hypertension is associated with poor maternal outcomes, including stroke. Disparities in hypertension might cont...
Effect analysis of diazepam combined with phenobarbital in the treatment of febrile convulsions in children

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of diazepam combined with phenobarbital in the treatment of febrile convulsions in children. Methods From January 2015 to July 2017, 100 children with febrile convulsions in the Women's and Children's Hospital of Ningbo were selected and divided into two groups by random number table, with 50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with diazepam, while the observation group was treated with diazepam combined with phenobarbital.The clinical efficacy, anticonvulsive time, myocardial enzyme index, hypersensitive C-reactive protein and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results (1)The total clinical effective rate of the observation group(98%) was higher than that of the control group(χ2=4.891, P<0.05), and the time of stopping convulsion[(20.92±4.49)min] was shorter than that of the control group(t=5.443, P<0.05). (2)After treatment, the creatine kinase isoenzymes[(25.93±12.76)U/L], phosphocreatinase[(189.47±7.35)U/L], hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase[(276.73±12.85)U/L], lactate dehydrogenase[(305.94±13.27)U/L], hypersensitive C-reactive protein[(5.04±1.65)ng/L] in the observation group were lower than those in the control group(t=4.961, 5.333, 5.901, 6.160, 5.354, all P<0.05). (3)During the treatment period, no obvious adverse reactions occurred in both two groups. Conclusion The combination of diazepam and phenobarbital can effectively arrest febrile convulsions in children, improve the clinical efficacy, protect myocardial cells, it has fewer adverse reactions, it is safe and reliable. Key words: Hospitals, pediatric; Seizures, febrile; Isoenzymes; C-reactive protein; Treatment outcome; Diazepam; Phenobarbital
Intraperitoneal vancomycin for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis in children: Evaluation of loading dose guidelines.

Background:Current pediatric International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines for initial treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis suggest either monotherapy with cefepi...
People of Color in Community College Stem Majors and Access in Closing the Acheivement Gap

Closing the Achievement Gap has been an increasingly important topic as it relates to gender and unrepresented minorities. Underrepresented minorities and women have had fewer advantages than their white counterparts and men, respectively. This paper is to evaluate the steps that have led to unmet access to educational achievement by genders and underrepresented groups and community colleges. A discussion of the state of achievement will be addressed followed by STEM access and will close with solutions.
Effects of stepwise changes in dissolved carbon dioxide concentrations on metabolic activity in Chlorella for spaceflight applications.

Abstract This paper assesses the impacts to the growth rate, health, oxygen production, and carbon dioxide fixation and nitrogen assimilation of Chlorella vulgaris while sparging the culture with various influent concentrations of carbon dioxide. Selected concentrations reflect a cabin environment with one crew member (0.12% v/v) and four crew members (0.45% v/v). Stepwise, sustained changes in influent carbon dioxide concentration on day four of the eight-day experiments simulated a dynamic crew size, reflective of a planetary surface mission. Control experiments used constant influent concentrations across eight days. Significant changes in growth rate (0.12%-to-0.45%: 57% increase; 0.45%-to-0.12%: 59% reduction) suggest a positive correlation between metabolic activity of C. vulgaris and environmental carbon dioxide concentration. Statistical tests illustrate that algae are more sensitive to reductions in influent carbon dioxide. No specific correlation of the nitrogen assimilation rate to influent carbon dioxide, suggesting a nitrogen-limited or irradiance-limited system. Photosynthetic yield results (0.59–0.72) indicate that the culture was minimally stressed in all tested conditions. This paper compares these results to findings of published, steady-state experiments conducted under similar carbon dioxide environments. The findings presented here imply that a sufficient volume of C. vulgaris, with nutrient supplementation or biomass harvesting, could support the respiratory requirements of a long duration human mission with a dynamic cabin environment and these data can be used in future dynamic models.
Oxidative Three-Component Carboamination of Vinylarenes with Alkylboronic Acids

The three-component carboamination of alkenes is of significant interest due to the ease by which functionalized amines can be produced from readily available chemical building blocks. Previously, ...
On the Portfolio Choice of Crypto Asset Class: Why the Millennials Own Crypto?

We utilize a unique data from the recent wave of Survey of Consumer Finance 2019 to analyze the portfolio choice of a new and raising asset class: cryptocurrency. Namely, who owns crypto and why? We first analyze how key households’ demographic (age, gender, race, etc.) and household’s traits/preferences (time horizon, financial literacy, optimism, etc.) influence crypto ownership. We find that crypto owners are more of college white male; financially literate; social; pessimistic and employ high research when investing. Moreover, the saving motive for crypto owners is more to protect against emergency and less of retirement motives. We then turn to study the relationship between crypto asset class with other asset classes (stock equity, bonds, home and business), and find that only direct holding of stocks increase the propensity to own crypto, while other asset classes negatively influence the likelihood to own crypto. Focusing in this subgroup of direct stockholders, we draw inference on their portfolio properties that impact crypto ownership, and find that these investors consider crypto asset class to be a part of their portfolio diversity. The paper has a theoretical theme to analyze the generational gap, as greater fraction of millennials own crypto. The model provides some insight as showing that since millennials exhibit shorter time horizon than other generation, they more likely to invest in speculative assets (crypto), whereas other generations with greater time horizon, invest more in productive asset.
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), viral load and clinical outcomes;lessons learned one year into the pandemic: A systematic review

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), viral load and clinical outcomes; lessons learned one year into the pandemic: A systematic review
Development of a rheology-based mixture aging model for asphalt material cracking performance evaluation

Aging has a significant effect on the performance of asphalt material. Reliable modelling of the change of asphalt mixture properties over time is crucial to evaluating and predicting the performance of the designed pavement. The objective of this study is to develop an aging model to accurately predict the cracking performance of asphalt mixtures over the pavement service life, as well as evaluate the aging susceptibility of mixtures over time. In this study, nine loose mixtures were conditioned in an oven at 95 °C for multiple durations to simulate different field aging times. The climatic aging index (CAI) developed by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 09-54 project was utilized to calculate the appropriate field aging durations corresponding to the different laboratory aging conditions. Complex modulus tests (E*) were conducted to measure the rheological properties of the conditioned mixtures and further construct the dynamic modulus and phase angle mastercurves. The mixture Glover–Rowe (G–Rm) parameter, incorporating both stiffness and relaxation capacity, was selected and used as the Aging Index Property to model the changes in mixture cracking properties with aging. The results of this study indicate that the developed mixture aging model can effectively capture the two aging reaction periods (fast and constant) of asphalt materials. The developed model can not only be used to evaluate the change of cracking properties over pavement service life, but also detect the aging susceptibility of asphalt mixtures.
Issues in Collecting Post‐Soviet Crime Fiction in Academic Libraries

This article draws attention to a segment of the Russian literary market that is underrepresented in American research library collections, namely light popular fiction and particularly the titles that belong to the detektiv genre. The results of an informal survey of scholars and bibliographers are presented and collection patterns are briefly discussed. Following an exposition of the available collection development tools for Russian light fiction, the article concludes with a call for greater emphasis on collecting these materials in North American research libraries.
Simulation-based estimation of the capacity of full-surface channels

The channel capacity of a full-surface communication channel, i.e. a noisy two-dimensional ISI channel, is computed as a function of the entropy rate. Using a Shannon-McMillan-Breimann theorem, the problem is further reduced to the computation of the probability associated with the output. This density function is estimated by using the outputs of a greedy algorithm which performs sub-ML demodulation on received data
Ethics and teaching information assurance

Has the US become an ethically challenged nation? If so, what does that mean for information assurance (IA) educators? The annual Computer Security Institute (CSI)-Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Computer Crime Survey, typically a barometer of computer crime in the US, presents alarming statistics about rising digital crime rates over our public networks. The survey, which gathered voluntary responses firm US corporations and government agencies, reports that computer crime incidents are reaching epidemic proportions. The erosion of teaching and practicing ethics, coupled with the widespread belief that the Internet provides unbreakable anonymity for users, is a recipe for disaster. The paper discusses ethics in an IA curriculum and IA educational recommendations.
Observation of Microorganisms in Soil and Other Natural Habitats

Abstract A procedure is described for visually observing and following the activities and interactions of bacteria, actinomyctes, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and plant roots in masses of soil. Specific microscope components and objectives are used, and the numerical apertures are adjusted such that light diffraction colors are produced to allow differentiation of the various biological entities and their habitat materials. Strains or other alterations in the organisms and their habitat are not employed, and time-lapse photography can be used to follow the activities of soil microorganisms and plant roots. As a result of the use of this technique, it is apparent that in situ indigenous soil microorganisms differ from similar organisms grown in the laboratory, but that, under the proper conditions, the state of the organism in either habitat can be altered to match that which occurs in the contrasting habitat.
The formation of chemical synapses between cell-cultured neuronal somata

The study of the development and plasticity of chemical synaptic connections is frequently restricted by the lack of access to the synaptic terminals. This can, in part, be overcome by plating neurons into cell culture where all regions of a neuron are made experimentally accessible. However, the small size of synaptic terminals still makes direct experimental manipulation difficult. In this study we have found in the absence of neurite extension, directly contacting cell somata (diameter 50-100 mumol) will form chemical synapses. Identified neurons B5 and B19 of Helisoma were plated into culture under conditions that promote adhesion between cell pairs. Under these conditions, neurite outgrowth was absent, but action potentials in B5 evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in B19 that were reversed in sign by the injection of chloride ions and were blocked by tubocurare (10(-5) M), reduced extracellular Ca2+, and Cd2+ ions. Such synapses exhibited classical properties of chemical synapses, including the spontaneous release of neurotransmitter. Since somatic synapses represent an appropriate model of synaptic transmission, this system was utilized to study the role of mutual neuronal contact in the development of transmitter release capabilities. Future pre- and postsynaptic somata were cultured separately for 3 d, the period required for the development of synaptic transmission under conditions of maintained contact. Then, neurons were made to contact and intracellular recordings taken within 0 to 4 hours. Postsynaptic potentials were detected as early as 10 sec following contact. Thus, qualitatively the development of transmitter release capabilities does not require maintained contact.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Weighted information flow

Information flow is a software metric designed to quantify the complexity of programs. A modification of information flow, weighted information flow assigns different values to the several types of program flows. Weighted information flow reduces the determination of information flows to a simple classification and, subsequently, of program complexity to simple counting.
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B IN SELECTED ALASKAN ESKIMO VILLAGES

Sera collected in 1973-1975 from 3053 residents of 12 selected Alaskan Eskimo villages were tested for evidence of hepatitis B virus infection. Overall, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in 6.4% of those tested. Evidence of hepatitis B infection (positive for HBsAg or antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs] varied considerably by village, from 4.6% to 69.9%, and increased with advancing age. The proportion with HBsAg was significantly higher in those under the age of 13 years, and the male/female ratio varied from 0.9 to 1.5 to 1.5 in the prepubertal, postpubertal-premenopausal, and postmenopausal age groups, respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in HBsAg-positive persons decreased with advancing age, and conversely, the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B e antigen (anti-HBe) increased with age. Hepatitis B infection was found to be sporadically distributed, with great village-to-village variation and further variation by household within most villages. The high HBsAg and HBeAg seropositivity observed in children suggests that children are both more recently infected with hepatitis B and are more involved in hepatitis B transmission in these villages.
Iterative design of a semi-autonomous social telepresence robot research platform: a chronology

Our research focuses on how a telepresence robot operator, the people with the robot, and the robot itself collaborate so that the operator reaches his/her intended destination. Our research requires higher levels of autonomous navigation so that the robot can, for example, go to a specified destination and follow a person. However, commercial telepresence robots are primarily teleoperated, and only a few provide assisted navigation around obstacles. Our system must include sensors and processing to enable these capabilities. We present the chronology of our iterative design for augmenting two VGo Communications’ VGo robots, Hugo and Margo, over a period of 3 years. We detail the requirements and design constraints encountered while developing our telepresence robot platforms.
Epilepsy, Language, and Behavior: Clinical Models in Childhood:

The complex relationship between epilepsy, language, and behavior is not well understood. Neurologic disorders such as Landau-Kleffner syndrome, electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep, infantile spasms, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, autism, and developmental language disorders are useful clinical models in the investigation of this complex relationship. These disorders are reviewed in terms of their contribution to our present knowledge of the relationship between epilepsy, language, and behavior. Present management issues and directions for future research are discussed. (J Child Neurol 1994; 9:95-102).
Electrochemical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic evidence for differences in the binding sites of alkanethiolate monolayers chemisorbed at gold

Abstract Voltammetric data for the reductive desorption of alkanethiolate monolayers from gold electrodes reveal the presence of different adsorbate binding sites. This conclusion is based on a series of characterizations of monolayers formed from butanethiol and octanethiol at annealed mica-supported gold (Au/mica) and at gold supported by both chromium-primed silicon (Au/Si) and glass (Au/glass). At Au/mica, a single wave is observed for the desorption induced by a linear voltage scan. The voltammetry at Au/Si and Au/glass is, however, comparatively more complex, as reflected by the presence of at least one additional desorption wave. Results from structural characterizations (IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies and electrochemical capacitance measurements) of the monolayers formed at each type of substrate and from morphological assessments (X-ray diffraction, underpotential metal deposition, and scanning tunneling microscopy) of the underlying substrates reveal that the differences in the voltammetry originate from differences in the microscopic roughnesses of the two types of substrates. Importantly, the morphological data indicate that the bulk of the gold films on all three supports has a pronounced (111) crystallinity, that the surface at Au/Mica is strongly (111) terraced, but that the surfaces at Au/Si and Au/glass have a much higher density of steps. The voltammetry at Au/mica, therefore, represents desorption from sites at Au(111) terraces. On the contrary, the voltammetry at Au/glass or Au/Si reflects desorption from both terrace and step sites with the adsorbates at step sites bound by as much as 25 kJ mol −1 more strongly than at terrace sites. The implications of our findings for descriptions of the nucleation and growth of these systems are discussed.
Resilient adolescent adjustment among girls: buffers of childhood peer rejection and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Examined a risk-resilience model of peer rejection and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a 5-year longitudinal study of 209 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse girls aged 6–13 at baseline and 11–18 at follow-up. Risk factors were childhood ADHD diagnosis and peer rejection; hypothesized protective factors were childhood measures of self-perceived scholastic competence, engagement in goal-directed play when alone, and popularity with adults. Adolescent criterion measures were multi-informant composites of externalizing and internalizing behavior plus indicators of academic achievement, eating pathology, and substance use. ADHD and peer rejection predicted risk for all criterion measures except for substance use, which was predicted by ADHD only. ADHD and peer rejection predicted lower adolescent academic achievement controlling for childhood achievement, but they did not predict adolescent externalizing and internalizing behavior after controlling for baseline levels of these constructs. Regarding buffers, self-perceived scholastic competence in childhood (with control of academic achievement) predicted resilient adolescent functioning. Contrary to hypothesis, goal-directed play in childhood was associated with poor adolescent outcomes. Buffers were not found to have differential effectiveness among girls with ADHD relative to comparison girls.
A kinetic ballooning/interchange instability in the magnetotail

[1] Three-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations are used to investigate the stability properties of a plasma sheet equilibrium with a minimum in the magnetic normal (Bz) component. Such a configuration is found to be unstable to a ballooning/interchange type mode that is localized tailward of the Bz minimum. The mode has a relatively short dawn-dusk wavelength of the order of the ion Larmor radius in the Bz field (∼2000 km) and a phase velocity in the direction of the ion diamagnetic drift with a magnitude about one-fifth of the drift speed. The real frequency is about 60% of the midplane ion cyclotron frequency. The dominant mode polarization is δϕ and δB∥. A linear kinetic analysis including bounce and drift resonance interactions for the electrons and an orbit average over the flux tube volume for the Boltzmann term in the ion density perturbation produces agreement with the simulation mode properties and permits identification of the mode as the low-frequency extension of the lower hybrid drift instability in straight magnetic geometry. In its nonlinear evolution, the mode develops Rayleigh-Taylor fingers that extend across the Bz minimum and into the near-Earth dipole region. These fingers transport magnetic flux earthward, and the flux is redistributed by electron Hall currents that flow around the fingers. This mode is likely to contribute to the nearly continuous presence of turbulence in the center of the plasma sheet.
Foliate and granule-secreting cells in the ejaculatory duct (simplex) of the mediterranean flour moth

The epithelium of the first segment of the unpaired ejaculatory duct (simplex) of the Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller), is composed of two types of cells. One type is a typical secretory cell that releases large numbers of granules into the lumen. The other type of cell (foliate cell) forms elongate apical projections that are composed mostly of membranes. The membranes are typically fused in pairs (along their outer surfaces) and form complex multilayered whorls. During copulation the apical projections are split off to become a part of the ejaculate and eventually form a major part of the wall of the male's spermatophore. The apical projections of the foliate cells and the supply of secretion from the other type of cell are renewed after copulation.
The text as a participant in instruction

Texts are generally perceived as providing the curriculum. As such, they are viewed as objects that school boards, teachers, students, parents, etc., use and make decisions about. Rarely are they seen as dynamic forces that can change and grow in concert with their readers. Taking the latter view, this article explores the dynamic, interactive relationship between texts and their teacherand student-readers, and suggests instructional and educational implications resulting from these interactions.
Stretch forming and fracture of strongly textured Ti alloy sheets

The influence of plastic anisotropy and R -value on the stretch forming and fracture behavior of strongly textured Ti-6A1-4V and Ti-5Al-2.5Sn sheets has been examined utilizing sheet specimens with a wide range of R -values but with similar work hardening and strain-rate sensitivity characteristics. The results indicate that a high R -value and difficult through-thickness slip enhance the forming limit as well as fracture strains when the minor strain in the plane of the sheet is negative, this effect being most pronounced at uniaxial tension. At plane strain, the R -value has little or no influence on the limit or fracture strain. A direct determination of the effect of R -value on the biaxial stretch forming characteristics of Ti-6-4 sheet is precluded by the intervention of fracture prior to localized necking when the minor strain is positive. The influence of plastic anisotropy on both the localized necking and the fracture behavior can be generally understood in terms of the difficulty of attaining critical thickness strains as through-thickness slip becomes more difficult.
Students’ Research Experiences During Consulting Projects: Three Themes Emerging from Case Studies

Student consulting projects, an advanced form of problem-based learning, allow students to apply the skills developed in their classes on behalf of client organizations. A review of selected case studies in business education and other management education literature shows that research is an integral part of this consulting process. More than that, the process of conducting research on behalf of a client exposes students to concepts of self-management, relationship management, and data management. With expert skills in conducting research and in developing information literacy instruction plans, librarians can lend structure to the unstructured research process in order to support the students as they evolve into self-managed, lifelong learners.
The Differentiation of Touch Receptor Neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Case Study of Genetic and Molecular Analysis

A set of six touch receptor neurons in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans allows the animal to respond to a gentle touch stimulus. Since the removal of these cells results in the specific loss of this touch sensitivity, behavioral mutants with this touchinsensitive phenotype can be used to identify and study genes that are required for the development and function of the touch cells. Using our experience with the touch cells as an example, I describe here some of the genetic and molecular approaches that can be used to study neuronal differentiation.
The Effects of Phosphorus-Doped Passivation Glass on the Corrosion of Aluminum

The corrosion rate of aluminum metallization under bias was measured as a function of the phosphorus content of the CVD passivation glass under different temperature and humidity conditions. The electrolytic corrosion was the most intense at the negative electrode and the corrosion product was aluminum hydroxide Changing the phosphorus concentration from 2 to 10 wt. pct. increased the corrosion rate by a factor of 25. Increasing the relative humidity at 85°C from 85 to 100% caused the corrosion gate to increase by two orders of magnitude. A 30°C rise in temperature resulted in five times the corrosion rate. A model to account for the observed corrosion has been proposed.
Ask a UT system librarian: A multi-campus chat initiative supporting students at a distance

SUMMARY University of Texas System libraries initiated a chat reference program to support distance learners enrolled at University of Texas component institutions, including the UT Telecampus Digital Library. Librarians at several geographically distant campuses staffed the collaborative chat reference service. Librarians assisted students at other UT System campuses, in effect becoming “distance librarians” who must have thorough knowledge of both their own library resources and the resources available at other campus libraries. Librarians at The University of Texas at San Antonio share their experiences with this collaborative chat reference service.
Assessment of supercritical fluid extraction use in whole sediment toxicity identification evaluations

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure CO(2) was assessed as a confirmatory tool in phase III of whole sediment toxicity identification evaluations (TIEs). The SFE procedure was assessed on two reference sediments and three contaminated sediments by using a combination of toxicological and chemical measurements to quantify effectiveness. Sediment toxicity pre- and post-SFE treatment was quantified with a marine amphipod (Ampelisca abdita) and mysid (Americamysis bahia), and nonionic organic contaminants (NOCs) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in sediments, overlying waters, and interstitial waters. In general, use of SFE with the reference sediments was successful, with survival averaging 91% in post-SFE treatments. Substantial toxicity reductions and contaminant removal from sediments and water samples generated from extracted sediments of up to 99% in two of the contaminated sediments demonstrated SFE effectiveness. Furthermore, toxicological responses for these SFE-treated sediments showed comparable results to those from the same sediments treated with the powdered coconut charcoal addition manipulation. These data demonstrated the utility of SFE in phase III of a whole sediment TIE. Conversely, in one of the contaminated sediments, the SFE treatments had no effect on sediment toxicity, whereas sediment concentrations of PCBs and PAHs were reduced. We propose that, for some sediments, the SFE treatment may result in the release of otherwise nonbioavailable cationic metals that subsequently cause toxicity to test organisms. Overall, SFE treatment was found to be effective for reducing the toxicity and concentrations of NOCs in some contaminated sediments. However, these studies suggest that SFE treatment may enhance toxicity with some sediments, indicating that care must be taken when applying SFE and interpreting the results.
A self-consistent superatom of bosonic Rb atoms

It is shown that an ensemble of an arbitrary number of ground state bosonic Rb atoms has stable bound stationary quantum states. The nonlinear Hartree self-consistent field equation is solved for the bound eigenstates of such systems of 10, 100, and 1000 atoms. They have interesting similarities to and differences from electron wave functions in atoms.
THE COUNTER-ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE LOW-LIFE OF LITERATURE IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY FRANCE

Lecture des oeuvres contre-revolutionnaires et anti-philosophiques de R. Darnton, N. J. L. Gilbert, C. Palissot, E. C. Freron, A. Sabatier, J. M. Clement...
A galactomannan from Crotalaria medicaginea seeds.

Abstract A polysaccharide isolated from the seeds of Crotalaria medicaginea is composed of d -galactose and d - mannose in the molar ratio of 10:31. Structural studies were performed by methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, chromic oxide oxidation, mild hydrolysis with dilute oxalic acid and 13 C NMR analysis of the polymer.
GOMPHONEIS MESTA (BACILLARIOPHYTA). II. MORPHOLOGY OF THE INITIAL FRUSTULES AND PERIZONIUM ULTRASTRUCTURE WITH SOME INFERENCES ABOUT DIATOM EVOLUTION1

The morphology of initial frustules of Gomphoneis mesta Passy-Tolar & Lowe was studied with light and scanning electron microscopy The structure of the raphe, central nodule, stigma, striae, and apical pore field in post-auxospore generations was described. Discovery of internal chambers and an axial plate in very early stages of the life cycle of G. mesta reveals a possible evolutionary connection with the Herculeana group (sensu Kociolek and Stoermer 1989) and suggests that the loss of axial plates is a secondary event. Polarization of the characters “stigma number” and “outline of the internal stigmal opening” is proposed. A perizonium, composed of transverse and longitudinal bands, is reported for the first time in the genus Gomphoneis.
Antenatal olfactory learning influences infant feeding

The aim is to know whether antenatal olfactory learning have a greater effect than postnatal olfactory learning on infant feeding even in the absence of triggering signals. We evaluated the sucking behavior of infants completely separated from their mothers for 10-14 days since birth. The 12 infants admitted to Chiba Children's Hospital were studied at 10-14 days of age. Oral feeding was initiated at 4-7 days of age. The sucking and expression pressures, frequency, and sucking efficiency were measured during bottle-feeding with exposure to odors of mother's milk, formula, and water. The mother's milk odor elicited more frequent sucking with higher expression pressure than did formula or water. In conclusion, the odor preferences acquired independently from postnatal experience may have a greater effect than postnatal olfactory learning on sucking activity.
Quaternary ammonium O, O'-dialkylphosphorodithioate surfactants and their reactions with 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide, a mustard simulant

Abstract Single- and double-chain quaternary ammonium O,O′-dialkylphosphorodithioate surfactants 1–3 were synthesized: 1, hexadecyltrimethylammonium O,O′-diethylphosphorodithioate; 2a, didodecyldimethylammonium O,O′-dimethylphosphorodithioate; 2b, didodecyldimethylammonium O,O′-diethylphosphorodithioate; 3, didodecyldimethylammonium O,O′-didodecylphosphorodithioate. Surfactant 1 was characterized by Krafft temperature and critical micelle concentration measurements, and its aqueous aggregates were characterized by dynamic laser light scattering and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Compounds 2 and 3 are largely insoluble in H2O, even at temperatures >23 °C. The reaction of micellar 1 with 4 (2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide), a simulant for the chemical warfare agent mustard [bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide], gave 10 [S-[2-(phenylthio)ethyl] O,O′-diethylphosphorodithioate] in a pH 9.0 borate buffer at 23 °C. The conversion of 4 into 10 corresponds to the decontamination of 4.
Faithfulness and perception in loanword adaptation: A case study from Hawaiian

In this paper, I present a study of non-lexicalized adaptations of English words into the Hawaiian language, based on data elicited from two Hawaiian–English bilingual speakers. Hawaiian has a small, uniquely structured phoneme inventory and strict phonotactic constraints. When borrowing words from English, Hawaiians are faced with a number of sounds and sound combinations which are not present in their language. Speakers must make the choice to either delete or adapt illicit consonants, and either insert vowels or delete consonants to repair phonotactic violations. I will discuss the loanword data with reference to three models of sound adaptation: Steriade's (2001) P-map approach to input–output pairing in non-loan phonology, Best's (1994, 1995, et seq.) Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and Paradis's (1988, et seq.) Theory of Constraints and Repair Strategies (TCRS). All three approaches suggest that segmental mappings will be based on a judgment of closeness or similarity of some sort, but they differ on whether similarity is determined on perceptual, articulatory or phonological grounds. I will show that none of these models alone are sufficient to account for the English–Hawaiian adaptations I discuss. As an alternative analysis, I model the observed featural adaptation strategies using a system of OT constraints which draws and expands upon the notion of articulatory similarity from PAM and perceptual similarity from the P-map. I provide explicit perceptual and articulatory similarity judgments to motivate the OT constraints.
Fasting serum-triglycerides concentration and distribution of subcutaneous fat.

Abstract Among a group of twenty-eight men aged 35-54 a highly significant correlation was found between fasting serum-triglyceride and the ratio of subscapular skinfold thickness to triceps skinfold. This relation was not attributable to a common correlation with obesity or glucose intolerance. In a similarly selected group of twenty-one men aged 55 and over there was no significant correlation between serum-triglycerides and the skinfold ratio. The hypothesis is advanced that in the younger men the correlation is due to a hormonal factor.
Spatial big data for eco-routing services: computational challenges and accomplishments

The size, variety, and update rate of spatial datasets are increasingly exceeding the capacity of commonly used spatial computing technologies to learn, manage, and process the data with reasonable effort. We refer to these datasets as Spatial Big Data (SBD). Examples of emerging SBD datasets include temporally detailed (TD) roadmaps that provide speeds every minute for every road-segment, GPS track data from cell-phones, and engine measurements of fuel consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, etc. Harnessing SBD has a transformative potential. For example, a 2011 McKinsey Global Institute report estimates savings of "about $600 billion annually by 2020" in terms of fuel and time saved by helping vehicles avoid congestion and reduce idling at red lights or left turns. In this paper, we discuss the challenges posed by SBD for a next generation of routing services and we present our work towards addressing these challenges.
Interleukin-10 receptor signaling through STAT-3 regulates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in response to stress.

PURPOSE Interleukin (IL)-10 has recently been shown to promote survival of neurons and glia. The purpose of this report is to investigate whether IL-10 has any role in protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from death under conditions in which growth factors are removed, or in which oxidative stress is present. Signal transduction pathways that activate IL-10 signaling in RGCs were studied in both stress conditions. METHODS Effects of various interleukins on the viability of the RGC cell line was determined, and apoptotic cells were quantified. Immunoblot analysis was preformed to identify the IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) and phosphorylated or nonphosphorylated Akt and STAT-3 proteins in RGC extracts. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the rat retinal sections to identify native IL-10R. RESULTS Apoptosis of RGCs in the absence of growth factors with or without dexamethasone (1 microM) occurred in 68.5% +/- 3.4% and 53.4% +/- 2.6% of cells, respectively, after 96 hours. Addition of IL-10 at a concentration of 50 ng/mL significantly reduced the apoptotic population of RGCs to 28.2% +/- 2.3% in the absence of growth factors with dexamethasone and to 31% +/- 2.7% in the absence of growth factors alone. RGCs as well as native retina expressed functional IL-10R as determined by immunoblot analysis and by the ability of IL-10 to phosphorylate Stat-3. However, IL-10 failed to phosphorylate Akt in these cells. CONCLUSIONS IL-10 caused a 59% and 42% reduction in the apoptotic population of serum-deprived cells with and without dexamethasone treatment, respectively. These observations establish that activation of IL-10R promotes survival of RGCs and this survival-promoting activity is due to IL-10 signaling through the Stat-3 pathway, which inhibits the cell death and not through the Akt cell survival pathway.