cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Established Graft-Versus-Host Disease by PG490-88.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication following hematopoietic cell transplantation. While prophylaxis of GVHD has improved, treatment for GVHD remains unsatisfactory. PG490–88, a semi-synthetic derivative of a novel compound purified from a Chinese herb, is very effective in prevention of both acute and chronic GVHD. In this study, we tested whether PG490–88 is effective in treating established GVHD. The study was performed in a clinically relevant MHC-matched and minor mismatched model (B10.D2 to BALB/c). BALB/c (H2 d , Mls-2 a , Mls-3 a ) mice were lethally irradiated (8.5 Gy) and transplanted with 1x10 7 bone marrow cells and 1x10 8 spleen cells obtained from B10D.2 (H2 d , Mls-2 b , Mls-3 b ) mice. PG490–88 was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily at a dose of 0.0535 mg/kg/day starting on day +15 post transplantation when the clinical signs of GVHD were first observed. Therefore, all animals in both vehicle control and PG490–88-treated groups developed GVHD before the treatment was started. After treatment, there was no difference in the severity of clinical GVHD between the treated and the control groups. However, PG490–88-treated mice survived significantly longer than the mice in the vehicle control group (Figure, median survival time: 50 vs. 65 days, P
From Remote to Embodied Sensing: New Perspectives for Virtual Museums and Archaeological Landscape Communication

Digital technologies can have a revolutionary impact in the cultural heritage domain, not only in documentation and representation but also in communication and in the emerging field of digital ecosystems. Virtual environments allow the users to learn from experience, joining sensorimotor and interpretative faculties, perceiving, acting and adapting to changing circumstances, even if in contexts that are no longer (or not yet) materially accessible today. The challenge consists in the breadth of the field and the need to bring together an exceptional spectrum of disciplines, from cognitive science and psychology to history, archaeology, art, geography, computer sciences. Despite the exciting perspectives opened in education and in terms of social and economic growth, research in the domain of Virtual Museums has not reached a sufficient level of maturity, such as Cinema or Game sectors. There is still a disconnection between the research, that develops tools with little interest in their wide application, and the industry, that builds ten-year plans addressing the market. Virtual museums, the main focus of this contribution, have reached an important advancement but still today much of the research aims at technological innovation rather than at genuine culture transmission. Given the need of enhancing the emotional and cognitive impact of virtual museums, some criteria and good practices will be discussed, dealing with engaging storytelling, embodiment, novel solutions in the interaction design and in the integration of media. The theoretical discussion will be exemplified through concrete case studies, among which the Tiber Valley Virtual Museum, to give more evidence and a better clarification.
Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and/or armodafinil on insomnia in cancer survivors.

9531 Background: Insomnia is an underreported distressing side effect of cancer and its treatment, which can persist for months after treatment affecting the course of cancer survival. It exacerbates fatigue and results in reduced quality of life (QOL), allowing for the possibility that treatment of insomnia may improve associated symptoms and QOL. Although CBT-I is considered the nonpharmacologic treatment of choice for insomnia in the general population, it often results in short-term daytime sleepiness. The present study examines whether CBT-I in combination with a wakefulness promoting agent, armodafinil (A), results in greater overall reduction in insomnia in cancer survivors. Methods: Primary analyses examine if one or more of the intervention conditions (i.e., CBT-I, A, or both), when compared to placebo (P) group, reduce insomnia in cancer patients following completion of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. We report on 88 cancer survivors (mean age 56, 88% female, breast cancer 68%) randomized to o...
Roles of Affect and Imagination in Reading and Responding to Literature: Perspectives and Possibilities for English Classrooms

In this essay, we argue that to engage in critical readings of literary texts, in ways that are also ethical and compassionate, requires readers to enter emotionally and imaginatively into the complex, textual worlds of others as they are portrayed in stories. In this regard, we discuss both past and recent work of scholars whose insights we believe are useful for rethinking and deepening what it means to read and respond to creative narratives with “one’s heart as well as with one’s mind.” Given the popularity in recent years of teaching literary theory, and embracing the power of “critical” reading in English classrooms, the value of personal and emotional ways of reading has been increasingly understated. We thus call for the kind of engaged humanities reform we believe is ultimately crucial to democratic forms of community rooted in a general concern for the value of the lives of others.
Relations of Inhibition and Emotion-Related Parenting to Young Children's Prosocial and Vicariously Induced Distress Behavior

Children's prosocial behavior and personal distress are likely affected by children's temperament as well as parenting quality. In this study, we examined bidirectional relations from age 30 to 42 months between children's (N = 218) prosocial or self-focused (presumably distressed) reactions to a relative stranger's distress and both supportive emotion-related maternal reactions to children's emotions and children's shyness/inhibition. When controlling for 30-month prosocial behavior and personal distress behavior, maternal supportive (emotion-focused and problem-focused) reactions were positively related to prosocial behavior and marginally negatively related to children's personal distress behaviors and shyness/inhibition at 42 months. Thirty-month personal distress behavior predicted greater shyness/inhibition at 42 months, and 30-month shyness/inhibition was negatively related to prosocial behavior at 30 months.
The DEKA hand: A multifunction prosthetic terminal device-patterns of grip usage at home.

Background:Research is needed to understand how upper limb prosthesis users take advantage of multiple grip options.Objectives:To quantify usage of DEKA hand grip patterns during home use and compa...
First Report of Barley virus G in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial bio-based economic crop used for forage, phytoremediation, as an ornamental, and as a model biomass crop with significant cellulosic biofuel potential. In May 2016, mosaic-like leaf patterns of light and dark green areas were observed on a ‘Purple Breeze’ switchgrass clone imported into the USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program facilities from the Netherlands. Symptomatic leaf tissue was collected and total RNA was extracted from pooled leaves using an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). The cDNA library was constructed from ribosomal RNA-depleted extract using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA with Ribo-Zero Plant Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on an Illumina NextSeq 500 platform, resulting in 112,000,212 single-end reads, 74 bp in length on average, after adapter trimming. Reads were de novo assembled with CLC Genomics Workbench 10.1 (CLC Bio, Qiagen), of which 275,198 mapped to Barley virus G (...
Psoriasis and Depression: A Comprehensive Review for Clinicians:

Psoriasis has various systemic comorbidities including psychiatric disorders. Due to limited experience of dermatologists, psychiatric comorbidities are often not adequately addressed or treated. R...
John Lisman 1944–2017

On 20 October 2017, John Lisman passed away at the age of 73. Neuroscience lost a great luminary.
Pb 2 BO 3 I: A Borate Iodide with the Largest Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) Response in the KBe 2 BO 3 F 2 (KBBF) Family of Nonlinear Optical (NLO) Materials

Borate halides are an ideal materials class from which to design high-performance nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. Currently, borate fluorides, chlorides, and bromides are extensively investigated while borate iodide materials discovery remains rare because of the perceived synthetic challenges. We report a new borate iodide, Pb2 BO3 I, synthesized by a straightforward hydrothermal method. The Pb2 BO3 I chemical formula conceals that the compound exhibits a structure similar to the well-established KBe2 BO3 F2 (KBBF), which we show supports the highest second-harmonic generation (SHG) at 1064 nm in the KBBF family, 10 × KH2 PO4 (KDP), arising from the inclusion of Pb2+ and I- and the crystal chemistry. Our work shows that KBBF-related compounds can be synthesized incorporating iodide and exhibit superior NLO responses.
A Tale of Two Compadres: Teaching International Trade and Development Across Cultures

The world is flat. Globalization and technology have opened pathways into other countries and cultures, and those of us who teach law in this environment must be able to take advantage of those openings. A few years ago, I was asked to teach International Trade and Development Law in Guatemala. Although I had taught the course numerous times at my home institution in California, designing and implementing the course for a Guatemalan audience would require some re-framing. International trade law is, by definition, consistent across borders thus the core legal concepts do not change whether I am teaching in Guatemala or California. But to be effective, a trade course taught in Guatemala would have to take that country's unique social, economic and cultural history into consideration. I am a storyteller, thus I began my inquiry in Guatemala by exploring its rich storytelling tradition. Almost immediately, I came across a teaching story that provided a frame for my musings. In A Tale of Two Compadres, a poor man asks his rich neighbor to teach him how to become economically successful. But the rich compadre was the jealous and envious sort, so he advised the poor man to kill his bull and sell its “package” abroad. Thinking this was real advice, the poor man obeyed. Through a strange and unexpected twist of fate, the poor compadre becomes a rich man. And so the rich compadre goes to his formerly poor compatriot seeking his advice on how to become wealthy. The (formerly) poor man offers up the same advice the rich compadre had once given him. But the rich man was not so lucky. He proved to be an unworthy teacher, and thus he was destined to live out the rest of his days in poverty.In designing my course for a Guatemalan audience, I sought to be a worthy teacher. This essay explores the lessons I learned teaching the course as part of a unique program designed by Pacific McGeorge Law School (my home institution). While some of those lessons are particular to that experience and do not easily translate (pun intended!), much of what my bilingual and bicultural students taught me has a great deal to tell us about how to effectively teach trade concepts to students across cultures and around the world.
Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Acute lung injury (ALI) and its most severe manifestation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome of inflammation of the lung triggered by both direct (e.g. pneumonia) and indirect (e.g. sepsis) inciting events that result in the loss of the capillary-alveolar integrity. As a consequence, patients suffer from high-permeability, non-hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Compensatory mechanisms regulating lung fluid flux are overcome and interstitial and alveolar edema develops leading to reduced lung compliance and alveolar collapse. These physiologic derangements cause ventilation and perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch and consequently intrapulmonary shunting leads to hypoxemia that is the hallmark of ALI/ARDS. The incidence of ALI/ARDS places it among the most burdensome health care challenges in pediatrics. A complex interaction of cellular components, cytokine and chemokine mediators, and adhesion molecules of the immune system orchestrate the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS. The mainstay of therapy is institution of positive pressure mechanical ventilation that requires careful attention to minimizing distending pressures responsible for ventilator-induced exacerbation of injury as well as optimal recruitment strategies to avoid repetitive opening and closing of lung units. Avoidance of fluid overload following adequate fluid resuscitation appears to be of benefit, while additional therapies such as prone positioning, corticosteroids, inhaled nitric oxide and high frequency oscillatory ventilation may improve arterial oxygenation, though none have been systematically proven to improve overall clinical outcomes in limited pediatric studies. Novel approaches to identifying new therapeutic targets for attenuating the pathophysiology of ALI/ARDS are discussed.
“How Bad Do We Look?”: A Field Experiment on Reputational Incentives andCorrupt Transactions

Can group-level reputational incentives–which affect how work colleagues perceive their personal behavior and each others’ behavior–reduce transactional corruption during public service provision? ...
5-Hydroxymethyluracil in Cellular DNA is Repaired and Sensitizes Cells to Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthesis

5-Hydroxymethyluracil (HmUra) can be formed in DNA from thymidine by the action of ionizing radiation or by activated leukocytes (1–7). HmUra can be removed from DNA in vitro through the action of HmUra-DNA glycosylase (8,9) The repairability of HmUra suggests that it is deleterious to cells but the nature of its effects on cell function are uncertain. HmUra can also be introduced into cellular DNA as a result of the incorporation of the nucleoside, 5-hydroxymethy1–2’-deoxyuridine (HmdUrd) (10–12). HmUrd has been reported to be toxic to cells in culture and to animals (11,13,14) but the mechanism of this toxicity is unknown.
Contradiction, Utopia, and Public Administration

In 1964, in the midst of a dominant political-economic system providing an unprecedented standard of living, Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man challenged the status quo. Marcuse argued there ex...
Foreign body sensation: A rare case of dysphagia lusoria in a healthy female.

Abstract Dysphagia lusoria is a rare disease due to an aberrant right subclavian artery that passes posteriorly between the esophagus and the spine. David Bayford coined the term itself meaning "freak or jest of nature" in 1761 describing a case in which the patient had long term dysphagia that eventually led to death. Most cases of dysphagia are due to an aberrant right subclavian artery running posterior to and causing esophageal compression, but only 20-40% of aberrant arteries actually lead to trachea-esophageal symptoms, including dysphagia. The majority of patients with an aberrant right subclavian artery are asymptomatic. Treatment for dysphagia lusoria varies depending on the severity of the symptoms. Dietary modifications are recommended in patients with mild to moderate symptoms while vascular reconstruction is necessary for patients with severe symptoms. We present a 44-year-old female who was diagnosed with dysphagia lusoria due to a right-sided aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) with aneurysmal dilation. Right aortic arch with ALSA is an uncommon arch anomaly, and only occurs in about 0.05% of the population. Prior case reports of dysphagia lusoria differ in that they did not report patients with an uncommon presentation of dysphagia lusoria with aneurysmal dilatation nor was the patient diagnosed in the emergency department.
Parametric effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on multitasking performance.

Abstract Background We have previously demonstrated that transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can generate positive effects on multitasking performance and associated neurophysiological measures when it is applied with anti-phase theta band stimulation across bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) and a short (1-min) inter-session interval (ISI). However, it is unclear how altering the phase of stimulation and the duration of the ISI might impact positive tACS effects. Here, we investigated the role of tACS parameters in engendering performance improvements by manipulating these two stimulation parameters (i.e. phase and ISI) in two experiments. Methods Repetitive sessions of bilateral PFC theta-tACS were applied with in-phase stimulation + 1-min ISI (experiment 1) and anti-phase stimulation + 5-min ISI (experiment 2) while participants were engaged in a multitasking challenge accompanied by electroencephalography (EEG) data collection. Results Compared to the control group, in-phase stimulation + 1-min ISI showed an enhancement of multitasking performance coupled with a modulation of posterior alpha (8–12 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) activities. However, repetitive sessions of anti-phase tACS + 5-min ISI did not generate significant enhancement in multitasking performance, nor changes in neural oscillatory activities compared to the control group. Conclusion The results revealed that the previous reported positive tACS effects on multitasking performance are not affected by manipulating the phase of current polarity. Yet, changing the ISI of the stimulation protocol eliminated the previous observed performance improvements. Taken together, these results stress the importance of stimulation protocol for generating positive tACS effects on cognitive function and neural oscillations.
Dynamical structures in a low-thrust, multi-body model with applications to trajectory design

A key challenge in low-thrust trajectory design is generating preliminary solutions that simultaneously detail the evolution of the spacecraft position and velocity vectors, as well as the thrust history. To address this difficulty, dynamical structures within a combined low-thrust circular restricted 3-body problem (CR3BP-LT) are explored as candidate solutions to seed initial low-thrust trajectory designs. Furthermore, insights from dynamical systems theory are leveraged to inform the design process. In the combined model, the addition of a low-thrust force modifies the locations and stability of the equilibria, resulting in flow configurations that differ from the natural behavior in the CR3BP. Families of periodic solutions in the vicinity of the equilibria supply novel geometries that may be employed in initial designs. Additionally, the application of simplifying assumptions yields a conservative, autonomous system with properties that supply useful insights. “Forbidden regions” at fixed energy levels bound low-thrust motion in such a simplified system, and analytical equations are available to guide the navigation through energy space. Periodic orbits and their associated manifolds also possess useful properties and act similarly to separatrices in the simplified regime. These structures and insights are employed to design transit and capture trajectories in the Earth-Moon CR3BP-LT.
Keeping threat at arm’s length: counter-revolutionary interventions by third-party states in support of governments

ABSTRACTDuring the 1970s the military juntas in South America engaged in a cross-national campaign of repression, code-named Operation Condor, targeted against leftist militant groups inspired to a...
General Results of Incompressible Flow About a Body

The fundamental solutions described in Sects. 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 serve as the foundation for calculating more sophisticated incompressible flows. This is because the governing equations for the potentials—Laplace’s equation, or strictly speaking, Poisson’s equation—are linear, and therefore admit superposition of the elemental solutions. We have already made use of this in the previous chapter in our construction of flows induced by distributions of singularities in a surface (the vortex sheet, and single- and double-layer potentials).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances

We describe how and why Magnetic Resource Imaging (MRI) came to complement – and partially replace -- computed tomography (CT) imaging of soft tissue. Specifically we chronicle: 1) the development of foundational techniques and prototypes (through the 1970s); 2) how U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the new device was secured (in the early 1980s); 3) post-approval commercial adoptions (in the late 1980s); and 4) growth in adoptions and MRI use --- after setbacks (in the 1990s).
The Research on High Voltage Electronic Switch

Nowdays HVDC technology is developing very fast. As the core component of HVDC technology, high-voltage DC circuit breaker has got much attention. High-voltage DC circuit breaker consists of series of semiconductors. In this paper, Researches of transient voltage imbalance mechanism of connected MOSFETS is done The effects of parasitic parameters on the switching characteristics of the MOSFET is analyzed. The dynamic and static voltage imbalance mechanism from two aspects is analyzed. The theoretical basis for the design of the high-voltage DC circuit breaker and the design of equalizing circuits is proposed. A high frequency carrier isolation driver strategy is proposed and a pulse control circuit, drive circuit is designed which implements to provides a controlled drive signal to connected-MOSFETS. In the end, a DC circuit breaker is designed, and the feasibility of the design is verified by the analysis of the experimental waveforms.
A freshman seminar on problem solving and algorithmic thinking

Puzzles and games are the basis for a freshman seminar designed to develop mathematical and computational problem solving skills. Students spend class time in small groups actively engaged in solving challenging puzzles or playing a game with a mathematical theme. Topics include planning and sequential movement, probability, logic, positional number systems, elementary number theory, enumeration, proofs without words, algorithms, recursion, and graphs.
Reducing uncertainty in geologic CO2 sequestration risk assessment by assimilating monitoring data

Abstract Geologic CO2 sequestration sites usually have large uncertainty in geological properties, such as uncertainty in permeability and porosity fields. Geological uncertainty leads to significant uncertainty in predicted risk metrics such as CO2 plume extent, CO2/brine leakage rates through wellbores, and impacts to drinking water quality in groundwater aquifers due to CO2/brine leakage, all of which will impact the approach for post injection site care (PISC). Pre-injection risk assessment can be used to quantify the amount of uncertainty in different predicted risk metrics. However, it cannot account for the potential value of monitoring data (e.g., CO2 saturation and pressure measurements) acquired during the operation of CO2 storage. In this study, we demonstrate how uncertainty in predicted risks can be reduced by performing monitoring data assimilation. An ensemble of geological reservoir models, constrained by direct measurements (such as permeability estimates from exploratory wells), are generated by geostatistical conditional simulation. As the monitoring data from the storage site become available, they are assimilated into models using a recently developed data assimilation method, ES-MDA with geometric inflation factors (ES-MDA-GEO). The reservoir models, calibrated through multiple data assimilation iterations, are used to predict future risks and reduction in their uncertainties. The proposed approach for the quantification of uncertainty reduction in risk assessment is demonstrated with two examples: a generalized 3D synthetic case and a synthetic field case based on the Rock Springs Uplift site in southwestern Wyoming.
Ciceronian international society

This article explores what Cicero as a political thinker can offer to the study of international relations. Although previous readings of Cicero have emphasized his Stoic influences and his natural...
Comparative quantification of primary mitral regurgitation by computer modeling and simulated echocardiography.

We evaluate the accuracy of common echocardiography techniques for the quantification of primary mitral regurgitations using computer modeling. The hemielliptic proximal isovelocity surface area (P...
Slit-Lamp Pars Plana Needle Hyaloidotomy-Zonulotomy-Iridotomy for the Treatment of Spontaneous Malignant Glaucoma

An 88-year-old woman with a history of recent complicated pacemaker insertion presented with acute-onset malignant glaucoma recalcitrant to conservative medical therapy. Surgical intervention was discussed; however, given her complex cardiac history and recent postoperative state, the risk of anesthesia-related systemic adverse events was deemed unacceptably high. As such, a slit-lamp procedure was recommended to break the attack of malignant glaucoma. Here within, we report a novel technique of breaking an attack of malignant glaucoma by needling the anterior hyaloid face at the slit lamp. With this technique, a 25-G needle was entered through the pars plana and was advanced through the anterior hyaloid face, zonules, and peripheral iridotomy to create a unicameral eye and successfully break the malignant closure attack.
Addressing racism and disparities in the biomedical sciences.

Bias and racism in the biomedical community thwart scientific advancement, reduce the pipeline of diverse clinicians and scientists, and contribute to racial and ethnic health disparities. We advocate for proactive antiracism approaches to eliminate barriers impacting people of colour, promote equity and achieve a more effective biomedical community.
Distributed Incentive-Based Secured Traffic Monitoring in VANETs

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) allow vehicles to share traffic-related events such as congestion to improve the driver’s safety and comfort. However, due to the untrusted vehicular network environment, determining the credibility of broadcast messages becomes crucial and challenging. In this paper, we propose an incentive-based distributed trust management system with a secure event detection model employing the Byzantine fault-tolerant Paxos algorithm and game theory. The novelty of the proposed model lies in its ability to validate the accuracy of the broadcast information when the malicious vehicles form the majority compared to non-malicious vehicles within the ROI, unlike the state-of-the-art models. The proposed system’s feasibility and effectiveness have been validated using the VENTOS, SUMO, and Omnet++ simulators by comprehensively addressing all possible use-case scenarios, and under the influence of at least one non-malicious vehicle at each RSU.
The Fiction: A Modernist View of America

This chapter focuses on Kristeva’s fiction, especially the most recent, The Enchanted Clock, as her preferred medium for a resistance to forms of orthodox American thinking. In her fiction as in her essays, she consistently raises the question of the psyche’s power to resist the onslaught of factors outside of the subject, especially economic and consumerist, and the pragmatic thinking on which they are based. Her most recent novel, one of whose principal characters is arguably an astronomical clock, enables her to explore notions of time, especially the teleology underlying the hard sciences, and American pragmatism. The early separation from the Mother and the threat of abjection, fundamental to her theory of subjectivity, provide the context for her critique of the American model of liberalism, and, I am arguing, have engaged writers in the United States in the study of her writing.
Semi-Resistive Approach for Tightly Coupled Dipole Array Bandwidth Enhancement

A new approach to enhance the bandwidth of Tightly Coupled Dipole Arrays (TCDA) is presented. The new design achieves the integration of a semi-resistive Frequency Selective Surface network (FSS) composed of a non-resistive low-pass FSS and two resistive band-stop FSSs. The integration of this FSS network within a dual-polarized Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) led to an increased impedance bandwidth of 28:1 from 0.20GHz to 5.6GHz. Notably, the use of an FSS superstrate allowed for scanning down to 60° at VSWR $12 \times 12$ array prototype was fabricated and tested to verify the bandwidth and gain of a finite array. The simulated radiation efficiency was demonstrated to be 83%, on average, across the band.
Tree establishment and growth drive treeline advance and change treeline form on Pikes Peak (Colorado) in response to recent anthropogenic warming.

Treeline advance is a well-established response of treeline ecotones to climate change. However, the degree to which tree growth and establishment drives treeline movement is widely debated. We use...
A Literature Review: Evidence Base in Speech-Language Pathology for the Management of Pediatric Oral Phase Dysphagia

Purpose A review was conducted of published literature regarding management of feeding difficulties at the oral phase of feeding in children with autism spectrum disorder and/or developmental disab...
Understanding the Temporal, Regional, Demographic, and Policy Factors Influencing Counties’ Daily Traffic Volume Reductions in Response to COVID-19

This research aims to understand temporal, regional, demographic, and policy factors that influenced travel reduction within the contiguous United States during the early period of the COVID-19 pan...
A Tale of Two Inquiries: The Ministerial Exception After Hosanna-Tabor

An understandable clamor occurred following the Supreme Court’s decision in Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School v. EEOC, which solidified the ministerial exception under the First Amendment. The exception, according to the Court, affords certain religious entities significant institutional autonomy under the Religion Clauses. The decision, short on details regarding the content of the exception, led to much speculation about outcomes in future litigation. This Article is the first attempt at assessing whether the chief criticisms of the decision — its potential breadth and inherent ambiguity — have led to divergent, incoherent, and unjustifiable results. It observes that neither the warnings of the decision’s critics nor the hopes of the decision’s proponents have fully materialized. Rather, the actions of lower courts following Hosanna-Tabor are somewhat predictable; courts have reached divergent conclusions while emphasizing the same parts of the Court’s opinion, and struggled to adequately define both aspects of the exception, namely which entities may invoke it and which employees constitute ministers. This Article ultimately suggests that although the language of Hosanna-Tabor suggests a link, courts are failing to adequately comprehend the connection between those two inquires. As such, the Article proposes a workable analytical framework that links both inquiries and that is faithful to the doctrinal basis for the exception outlined by the Court. It argues that the scope of the definition of minister should correspond to the type of entity that seeks application of the exception. It suggests that who is a minister in a particular context depends on what type of ministry the entity in question engages in, and whether it can be said that the entity, as a whole, is engaging in religious activity when the employee acts. This approach differs from the approaches of many lower courts post-Hosanna-Tabor, which tend to focus on the individual activities of the employee within the institution rather than whether the employee’s activities are institutional in nature.
Lumbar epidural anaesthesia and sensory profiles in term pregnant patients.

Sensory profiles of lumbar epidural anaesthesia were studied in 57 patients during active labour. The local anaesthetics used were chloroprocaine three per cent with and without epinephrine, chloroprocaine two per cent, bupivacaine 0.25 per cent and a mixture of chloroprocaine three per cent and bupivacaine 0.5 per cent.
'Chaos, restitution and quest': one woman's journey through menopause.

Abstract Menopause, a natural stage in a woman�s reproductive life, is not an illness; yet some women experience severe enough symptoms to cause a breakdown in the body similar to illness or other major health disruptions. As part of a larger narrative analysis investigation of distress during menopause, this case study presents one woman�s transformational journey through menopause, analysed through Frank�s health and illness narratives � chaos, restitution and quest. The narratives were retranscribed using Labov�s elements of a true story and Gee�s poetic restructuring. This report of one woman�s experience of distress during the menopause transition describes a poetic chaos narrative of incessant night sweats resulting in a loss of physicality and a deep-rooted belief in self-healing; a restitution narrative of restored health that mandated the surrender to a new healing discourse, experienced simultaneously as a victory and a defeat; and a quest narrative of seeking meaning, insight and new-found values and identities
Encuentro con Terry Eagleton: la perenne urgencia del ingenio

This interview discusses Eagleton’s Why Marx Was Right (Yale University Press, 2011), his interpretations of Marx’s postulates in the light of the economic recession and state of capitalism in the fall of 2011, and other aspects of the critic’s prolific career. Issues debated include the mishaps of Western economics and politics, Postmodernism, Postcolonialism, the crisis of higher and mass education, religion and spirituality, Global Modernism and Eagleton’s former critical work and background as creative writer.
Exploiting Visualization and Direct Manipulation to Make Parallel Tools More Communicative

Parallel tools rely on graphical techniques to improve the quality of user interaction. In this paper, we explore how visualization and direct manipulation can be exploited in parallel tools, in order to improve the naturalness with which the user interacts with a prallel tool.
Modeling the Effects of Anisotropic Turbulence and Dispersive Waves on Oceanic Circulation and their Incorporation in Navy Ocean Models

Abstract : Our long-term goals are to advance the understanding and modeling capabilities of the dynamics and mixing in oceanic and atmospheric turbulent flows on small and large scales. The main emphasis is put on the development of analytical tools and their transition to practical applications useful for Navy operations. Our objectives encompass three areas: improving understanding of geophysical turbulent flows affected by anisotropy and waves using analytical tools; improving understanding of the physics of transition between 2D and 3D turbulence and the mechanisms of zonation, and improving performance of practically used ocean models by supplying them with advanced schemes for subgridscale parameterization.
Cholesterol homeostasis in the guinea pig: The importance of quantitating net tissue accumulation of cholesterol in sterol balance studies

Sterol balance measurements of whole body cholesterol synthesis were performed in guinea pigs to determine the relative quantitative importance of dietary cholesterol intake, endogenous cholesterol synthesis, fecal steroid excretion and net tissue accumulation in cholesterol homeostasis of a rapidly growing animal. Sterol inputs were from diet (33%) and endogenous synthesis (67%); sterol outputs, as fecal neutral and acidic steroids, accounted for 60% of the total input, the remainder being used for the demands of tissue growth. The data demonstrate that the measurement of total body cholesterol synthesis can be grossly underestimated in this rapidly growing animal if net tissue accumulation of cholesterol is not considered in the balance measurement.
The Vicissitudes of Common-Sense Virtue Ethics, Part II: The Heuristic Use of Common Sense

1. Ethics and Scientific Procedures In the first part of this study, I compared the ways in which Aristotle and Michael Slote utilize common sense, meaning the opinions and intuitions of the majority of people or some reference group among them. Both philosophers center their attention on human virtue and so both may be categorized in a very broad way as common-sense virtue ethicists. Aristotle uses common sense only heuristically as an aid to forming opinions of his own, which he then checks against the facts as he sees them. In contrast, Slote uses common sense probatively. When his views accord with common sense, he takes it as a confirmation and, at points, as a proof of their validity. He is thus a commonsense philosopher in a more profound sense than Aristotle. My criticisms of his views were designed to show that he is ill-advised in appealing to common sense in the way he does. Aristotle’s guarded and limited use of it is the only approach that can be justified in ethical theory. I will now sketch the way in which intuitions, whether the intuitions of all people, of a select group, or of the philosopher herself, should interplay with theoretical considerations in her development of an ethical theory. The department of ethical theory that I shall discuss will continue to be that devoted to virtue, but I shall argue that virtue as a property of persons cannot be understood without adequate concepts of the right as a property of actions, and the good as a property of goals. In developing a theory of virtue from common intuitions, Slote claims to utilize a systematic procedure exploiting an interplay between theory and intuition. He observes that this is “a methodology at least partially analogous with scientific methodology.” 1 In developing this procedure, we would expect him to improve measurably on Aristotle, since he has available a much more sophisticated form of scientific inquiry as his model. To see how far the analogy between ethics and science takes him, let me sketch a classic example
Aspects of the postcranial skeleton of the Lower Permian lungfish, Gnathorhiza

A newly discovered locality of aestivation burrow casts containing the lungfish, Gnathorhiza serrata , is reported from the early Permian Arroyo Formation of Wilbarger County, north-central Texas. Remains preserved in the burrow casts provide sections of mummified Gnathorhiza and new information about the postcranial skeleton of this fish. Scales of Gnathorhiza resemble those of the modern lungfishes such as Lepidosiren in their microanatomy. No traces of paddle-like pectoral or pelvic fins were found and paired fins of Gnathorhiza may have resembled those of Lepidosiren . The axial skeleton and median fins of Gnathorhiza seem to resemble those of Lepidosiren except that the tail area and caudal fin of Gnathorhiza were stout and strong rather than slender and tapering. Gnathorhiza , which aestivated tail-down in its burrow, may have required a stout tail for support.
Intussusception as a cause of disappearing carcinoma of the rectum.

Summary Rectal prolapse of a carcinoma of the sigmoid is described in a woman in thefirst trimester of pregnancy. The lesion was originally believed to be primary in the rectum, but after barium-enema examination and repeated sigmoidoscopies its true sigmoid source was determined. It is suggested that perineal relaxation consequent to pregnancy may have been important in causing the intussusception.
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species at the Heart of the Matter: New Therapeutic Approaches for Cardiovascular Diseases

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in a variety of age-related diseases, including multiple cardiovascular disorders. However, translation of ROS scavengers (antioxidants) into the clinic has not been successful. These antioxidants grossly reduce total levels of cellular ROS including ROS that participate in physiological signaling. In this review, we challenge the traditional antioxidant therapeutic approach that targets ROS directly with novel approaches that improve mitochondrial functions to more effectively treat cardiovascular diseases.
Design and Synthesis of [111In]DTPA−Folate for Use as a Tumor-Targeted Radiopharmaceutical

Folate-conjugated metal chelates have been proposed as potential imaging agents for cancers that overexpress folate receptors. In a previous study, folic acid was linked through its γ-carboxyl group to deferoxamine (DF), and the 67Ga-labeled complex ([67Ga]DF−folate) was examined for in vivo tumor targeting efficiency in athymic mice with a human tumor cell implant. Although superb tumor-to-background contrast was obtained, slow hepatobiliary clearance would compromise imaging of abdominal tumors such as ovarian cancer. In the present study, folic acid was conjugated to an alternative chelator, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), via an ethylenediamine spacer. The desired DTPA−folate(γ) regioisomer was synthesized by two different approaches, purified by reversed phase column chromatography, and characterized mainly by analytical HPLC, mass spectroscopy, and NMR. In cultured tumor cells, uptake of [111In]DTPA−folate(γ) was found to be specific for folate receptor-bearing cells, and the kinetics of ...
Ocean energy power take-off using oscillating paddle

This paper presents an ocean energy power take-off system using paddle like wave energy converter (WEC), magnetic gear and efficient power converter architecture. As the WEC oscillates at a low speed of about 5–25 rpm, the direct drive generator is not an efficient design. To increase the generator speed a cost effective flux focusing magnetic gear is proposed. Power converter architecture is discussed and integration of energy storage in the system to smooth the power output is elaborated. Super-capacitor is chosen as energy storage for its better oscillatory power absorbing capability than battery. WEC is emulated in hardware using motor generator set-up and energy storage integration in the system is demonstrated.
A quantitative assessment of the influence of permanent kinks on the mixing behavior of phospholipids in cholesterol-rich bilayers.

The mixing behavior of a phospholipid containing a cis-cyclopropyl moiety (1) with one that contains two myristoyl groups (3a) has been investigated in fluid bilayers via the nearest-neighbor recognition (NNR) method. In the absence of cholesterol, these lipids mix ideally. In the presence of cholesterol, they show a modest preference for homo-phospholipid association. A trans-form of 1 (i.e., 2) was found to have similar behavior, except that the influence of cholesterol in promoting homo-phospholipid association was greater. Similar results have been found in membranes in which 3a is replaced with a phospholipid bearing two palmitoyol chains (3b). In this case, the effect of the kink is approximately twice as great. The implications of these findings, with respect to the “trans-fatty acid debate”, are briefly discussed
Emg and Motor Performance Changes with Practice of a Forearm Movement by Children

The purpose of this research was to investigate changes in the control of movement, using EMG and kinematic variables, over practice by children. Children in three age groups, 7, 9, and 11 yr., performed 60 trials of an elbow-flexion movement. Correct movements consisted of a 60 degrees angular movement of the forearm in 800 msec. The analysis of biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscle EMG activity, movement displacement and timing error, and movement velocity patterns indicated changes in motor performance with practice. All age groups improved performance with practice and also exhibited a decrease in biceps EMG activity with practice. Only movement-time error and time to peak triceps muscle activity differed between the age groups. The 11-yr.-old group significantly altered the timing of the antagonistic response to stop the movement over the practice session. This change is suggested to be related to the greater information-processing ability of these children and the development of appropriate movement strategies to perform the movement task successfully. Other changes observed in the EMG data appear similar to changes observed in studies of adults.
L'angioscanner comme examen diagnostique de référence dans les lésions vasculaires pénétrantes des membres inférieurs : L'expérience d'un trauma-center de niveau I

Objectifs L'angioscanner (CTA) a ete etabli comme un examen valide pour l'evaluation des lesions vasculaires des membres. Depuis quelques annees dans notre etablissement, le CTA est devenu l'examen diagnostique de reference pour les lesions penetrantes des membres, remplacant en grande partie l'angiographie diagnostique. Le but de cette etude etait d'evaluer les resultats de cet examen d'imagerie dans un trauma-center a fort debit de niveau I. Methodes Une revue retrospective a ete conduite de tous les patients presentant un traumatisme penetrant des membres inferieurs entre 2008 et 2009. Les donnees des patients incluaient les donnees demographiques, le mecanisme des lesions, la severite des lesions, la presence de signes de lesions vasculaires, les examens radiologiques, l'intervention chirurgicale, et ses resultats. Resultats Il y avait 132 patients presentant un traumatisme penetrant des membres inferieurs. L'âge moyen des patients etait de 25 ans, avec un score moyen de severite des lesions (ISS) de 10. Les lesions etaient principalement des blessures par balle (89%). En tout, 59 patients (45%) ont subi un CTA. Un CTA des membres inferieurs etait realise dans la continuite d'un examen du thorax/ abdomen/ bassin chez 28 (47%) contre 31 patients (53%) chez qui un CTA etait realise uniquement au niveau des membres inferieurs. En tout, 34 (58%) CTAs etaient negatifs pour des lesions vasculaires, 19 (32%) etaient positifs, et six (10%) etaient indetermines. Parmi les 34 patients avec un CTA normal, aucun n'est alle en salle d'operation pour la reparation de lesions vasculaires majeures ; de meme, chez les 19 patients avec un CTA anormal, il n'y a eu aucune exploration chirurgicale negative. Un total de 28 patients (21%) ont necessite une intervention pour un membre blesse ; les procedures incluaient : des aponevrotomies, la ligature veineuse et arterielle, la reparation directe, et le pontage. Il n'y a eu aucune amputation et aucun deces. Conclusions Nos resultats soutiennent l'utilisation du CTA comme examen d'imagerie de premiere intention pour l'evaluation des lesions penetrantes des membres inferieurs. En raison de sa precision a detecter des lesions vasculaires severes, sa rentabilite, sa facilite et sa rapidite de realisation et d'interpretation, le CTA devrait supplanter l'angiographie conventionnelle dans l'evaluation initiale des patients presentant un traumatisme penetrant.