cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wireless capacitive pressure sensor with directional RF chip antenna for high temperature environments

This paper presents the design, fabrication and characterization of a wireless capacitive pressure sensor with directional RF chip antenna that is envisioned for the health monitoring of aircraft engines operating in harsh environments. The sensing system is characterized from room temperature (25°C) to 300°C for a pressure range from 0 to 100 psi. The wireless pressure system consists of a Clapp-type oscillator design with a capacitive MEMS pressure sensor located in the LC-tank circuit of the oscillator. Therefore, as the pressure of the aircraft engine changes, so does the output resonant frequency of the sensing system. A chip antenna is integrated to transmit the system output to a receive antenna 10 m away. The design frequency of the wireless pressure sensor is 127 MHz and a 2% increase in resonant frequency over the temperature range of 25 to 300 °C from 0 to 100 psi is observed. The phase noise is less than −30 dBc/Hz at the 1 kHz offset and decreases to less than −80 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz over the entire temperature range. The RF radiation patterns for two cuts of the wireless system have been measured and show that the system is highly directional and the MEMS pressure sensor is extremely linear from 0 to 100 psi.
Anatomy of a Good Argument

This paper is an analysis of effective brief writing in the Petitioners' Emergency Application for Stay filed with the United States Supreme Court in Frank v. Walker.
Temperature Regulation in Nestling Cactus Wrens: The Nest Environment

Thermogenesis and thermolysis require resources (energy and water, respectively) that may often be present in the environment in limiting quantities. Birds are usually thought of as being limited by food during the breeding season (Lack 1954) and we have indicated elsewhere (Ricklefs and Hainsworth 1968b) that the activities of the Cactus Wren may be restricted by lack of free water during the hot parts of the breeding season. Under these conditions, evolution of the reproductive strategy should proceed toward the most efficient utilization of food and water. The insulative properties of the nest, huddling behavior of the nestlings, and brooding behavior of the adults all act to conserve heat. Conversely, these strategies would impede the dissipation of heat in a hot climate. Huddling and brooding are responsive to changes in ambient temperature and they create few problems when conditions requiring heat conservation and heat loss arise within short periods of time. Nest construction, however, is fixed and must represent a compromise strategy in the southwestern deserts where diurnal changes in ambient temperature may exceed 200C and the hottest temperatures may be several degrees higher than normal nestling body temperatures (Ricklefs and Hainsworth 1968a). Under these conditions the location and construction of the nest may be critical to the efficiency of temperature regulation of the young. The role of the nest of the Cactus Wren in maintenance of homeothermy of nestlings is evaluated indirectly in this report through a study of the relationships between temperatures within occupied nest cavities and the surrounding air.
Research and Analysis of Value Flow Characteristic Optimization and Value Flow Experiment

In this paper,the speed regulating control principle of steam turbine and the influence of value overlapping to flow characteristic are analyzed in detail.According to the problems of value function,the determination principle of value overlapping,the determination method of scale and bias factor are given.Steps and methods of value flow experiment are proposed.The linearity of load demand-flow function is well.The load and pressure are well-controlled and there are no obvious flow inflection points.Application results in over ten power plants shows that the proposed method has good curve fitting results.It is valuable to the similar experiments.
Non-NMDA and NMDA receptors transmit area postrema input to aortic baroreceptor neurons in NTS

We sought to determine whether glutamate acting at bothN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors transmits area postrema (AP) excitatory inputs to nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) neurons i...
Planetary Waves and Their Interaction with Smaller Scales

Historically, dynamical meteorologists have grown comfortable with two classes of idealized dynamical systems. On the one hand, our understanding of baroclinic instability has evolved by studying the linear and nonlinear development of eddies on the scale of the deformation radius in simple larger-scale environments. On the other hand, there has been a continuing interest in planetary wave theory, aimed at understanding the climatological stationary waves, and a growing interest in the distinctive low-frequency variability observed on these larger scales. The realization that planetary scales have a potentially intricate dynamics of their own has encouraged the use of models in which instability on smaller scales is absent, so that this planetary dynamics can be isolated.
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and complex nephronophtisis medullary cystic disease

Reseach during the past decade has led to the discovery that defects in some proteins that localize to primary cilia or the basal body are the main contributors to renal cyst development. Autosomal recessive polycystic disease and nephronophthisis-medullary cystic kidney disease are named ciliopathies. The cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that is found on most mammalian cells. Cilia-mediated hypothesis has evolved into the concept of cystogenesis, cilia bend by fluid initiate a calcium influx that prevents cyst formation. Cilia might sense stimuli in the cell enviroment and control cell polarity and mitosis. A new set of pathogenic mechanisms in renal cystic disease defined new therapeutic targets, control of intracellular calcium, inhibition of cAMP and down regulation cannonical Wnt signaling.
Do Water Bears Climb Trees Too

Microinvertebrates are those animals on the edge of invisibility, generally requiring a microscope to see. They include mites, rotifers, nematodes, and tardigrades and form an unseen part of the food web. These animals eat smaller organisms (bacteria, algae, and protozoans,) and are eaten by larger ones (mites, insect larva, insects, or each other). In turn, they are consumed by the animals that graze on their habitat of moss and lichen. But their habitat is threatened by logging, burning, air pollution, and global warming. Edge effect and forest islands are increasing, as are average temperatures. It is clear that the underlying habitat for microinvertebrates (moss, lichen, and algae on trees) must also be declining and changing and the formula for the survival of these invisible components of the canopy ecosystem is being altered. It is unclear if the microinvertebrates can or will be able to change as the paradigm for their survival shifts. If not, they might be the weak link in the productivity of forest ecosystems.
Assessment of High-Stakes Testing, Hopeful Thinking, and Goal Orientation among Baccalaureate Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High-stakes didactic testing assesses competency. Exams are stressful, and decreasing anxiety may enhance learning. Academic progression and graduation rates may result when higher levels of hopeful thinking (the belief in one's ability to achieve desired goals), and certain achievement goal orientation (why one desires to succeed) are present. METHODS This non-experimental study engaged undergraduate nursing students via surveys to examined relationships among hopeful thinking, goal orientation, and scores on standardized high-stakes examination of students. RESULTS Regression analyses (N = 151) indicated that hopeful thinking was significantly related to higher exam scores, and that performance-avoidance goal scores were significantly related to lower scores. CONCLUSION The positive relationship between hopeful thinking and exam scores suggests the need to consider supporting hopeful thinking in nursing education. Additional research may explicate the relationship between performance-avoidance and scores on high-stakes exams.
Binding of GABRA1 Cytoplasmic Peptide to Phosphatidylserine Unilamellar Vesicles

The focus of our study, the gated chloride channel known as the GABA (type A) receptor, is well known for neuronal inhibition and is a prime target for pharmacological intervention. Its extracellular ligand-binding domain and the four transmembrane helices (TM1-4) are highly-conserved and well-characterized. The human receptor has recently been crystallized, but only after the large Intracellular Loop Domain (ILD), which connects TM3 and TM4, was engineered out of the protein. The ILD topology remains unknown, and it is our purpose to map this structure. Our computational approach proposed that the regions adjacent to TM3 and TM4 exhibit a pattern of lysines that should promote interaction with acidic phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS). In the present study we prepared unilamellar vesicles (ULVs) consisting of dioleyl-PS: with and without the N-linked dansyl group (5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl). The dansyl-phospholipid label was less than 20% of total phospholipid and was set as a fluorescent marker of peptide binding. We incubated a custom peptide (GABRA1: residues 335 to 364) with PS-enriched ULVs. Fluorescence emission spectra (ex: 332nm, em: 425-600nm) were obtained and analyzed for changes in intensity and spectral shifts. We observed a salient change in the spectra of the PS-dansyl moiety in the presence of the peptide. While the fluorescence intensity remained constant, there was a blue shift with peptide. These observations showed that micromolar concentrations of peptide interacted with PS-enriched ULVs. Our findings suggest that this type of peptide to lipid interaction may contribute to the receptor's function in anesthesia and brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's, offering an innovational point of medical intervention.
The rugose coral Tabulophyllum traversensis from the Oñate Formation (Middle Devonian) of the Mud Springs Mountains, New Mexico

The Onate Formation of Middle Devonian (Givetian) age is exposed in the Mud Springs Mountains of New Mexico, where it is represented by an unusually shaly and extremely fossiliferous facies. Tabulophyllum traversensis (Winchell) found here is the only rugose coral species known thus far from Middle Devonian rocks of New Mexico and is of special interest as evidence of migration between the area of the Onate occurrence and those in the Cedar Valley Limestone in Iowa and the Traverse Group of Michigan. The occurrence is also of interest because of the association of the Onate coral with the receptaculitid Sphaerospongia sp. cf. S. tessellata (also known from Canada, Australia, and New York). The corals apparently utilized receptaculitids as a solid substrate for post-larval growth and developed an extremely broad flat base, fixed to the upper surface of Sphaerospongia.
Bohr: Success and Ambiguity in a Period of Transition

With the advent of Bohr’s papers, a new period started in the development of atomic physics. Because of the important role of the quantum, the theoretical structure is often called quantum theory. Here the two terms are used as denoting more or less the same set of ideas. Bohr’s ideas, general approach, and underlying philosophy dominated atomic physics to an unprecedented extent in the period from 1916 to 1925. This coincides exactly with the period Kramers spent in Copenhagen, so apart from the initial phase from 1913 to 1916, Kramers was directly involved in the formulation, elucidation, and application of quantum theory.
Traceability and on-site calibration of the NRC-MSS depolarization current measurements

This paper describes the on-site calibration method of the NRC-MSS on-site depolarization current measurements, developed for condition assessment of medium voltage underground XLPE cables in the electric power distribution network. In this paper, a diagnostic-based and traceable calibration method that is more pertained to the health index of the cable-under-test and faster to conduct on-site is proposed. Preliminary measurements show an accuracy of better than 1% can be obtained, which is acceptable for such an application.
Utilization of The Mirror Interview to Explore the Influences of Parents and Objectification on the Body and Disordered Eating Behaviors

In the present study, The Mirror Interview is utilized to explore the impact of self objectification, culture, and parent representations on body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. The Mirror Interview, Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, and Eating Attitudes Test-26 were administered to undergraduate women (N = 100). Participants were randomly assigned to be asked questions regarding their feelings about their bodies and the influence of their parents while sitting face-to-face with the interviewer (without-mirror-group) or while looking at their own reflections in a full-length mirror (with-mirror-group). Significant differences were found on Mirror Interview codes between with- and without-mirror-groups across a range of categories. Parent representations as measured by The Mirror Interview in the with-mirror-group significantly contributed to the amount of disordered eating variance explained by a hierarchic regression model, even after accounting for age, BMI, and body shame. Parent representations did not significantly contribute to the disordered eating variance explained by the model in the without-mirror-group. The findings demonstrate the significant impact of parent representations on disordered eating behaviors, and indicate that looking at one’s reflection during The Mirror Interview is an integral part of the task.
Properties of Extrusion Processed Corn and Corn Coproducts

As the world population continues to grow, the demand for human food and animal feed grows exponentially. Aquaculture is the food sector which has been growing at the greatest rate for several years. Because of the expense of fishmeal in aquaculture fees, an inexpensive protein source could be corn-based proteins. Although many studies have focused on the effects of extruding corn-based blends along with other supplement ingredients, few studies have focused on the extrusion of individual corn-based ingredients. This study examined physical effects of extrusion on distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) and corn. Specific objectives included determining moisture content, water activity, color, unit density, durability, water stability, floatability, and bulk density for each corn-based extrudate. Blends were prepared with three levels of moisture (15, 25, and 35% db), and extrusion conditions included three screw speeds (50, 75, and 100 rpm) and three barrel temperatures (100, 125, and 150 ° C). Results showed that as the moisture content increased, the water activity increased in the raw ingredients, and the moisture content of the extrudates increased. As the screw speed increased, the bulk density decreased in the extrudates, and the mass flow rate increased. As the temperature increased, the floatability of the extrudates increased, while the bulk density decreased. The amount of protein and starch content in the corn products affected the physical quality of the pellets, which is important in aquaculture feed development.
World Trade Center (WTC) dust exposure in mice is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and epigenetic changes in the lung.

Exposure to World Trade Center (WTC) dust has been linked to respiratory disease in humans. In the present studies we developed a rodent model of WTC dust exposure to analyze lung oxidative stress and inflammation, with the goal of elucidating potential epigenetic mechanisms underlying these responses. Exposure of mice to WTC dust (20 μg, i.t.) was associated with upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 within 3 days, a response which persisted for at least 21 days. Whereas matrix metalloproteinase was upregulated 7 days post-WTC dust exposure, IL-6RA1 was increased at 21 days; conversely, expression of mannose receptor, a scavenger receptor important in particle clearance, decreased. After WTC dust exposure, increases in methylation of histone H3 lysine K4 at 3 days, lysine K27 at 7 days and lysine K36, were observed in the lung, along with hypermethylation of Line-1 element at 21 days. Alterations in pulmonary mechanics were also observed following WTC dust exposure. Thus, 3 days post-exposure, lung resistance and tissue damping were decreased. In contrast at 21 days, lung resistance, central airway resistance, tissue damping and tissue elastance were increased. These data demonstrate that WTC dust-induced inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with epigenetic modifications in the lung and altered pulmonary mechanics. These changes may contribute to the development of WTC dust pathologies.
Language Development in Children With Cleft Palate With or Without Cleft Lip Adopted From Non–English-Speaking Countries

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether language skills differed between children with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate (CP±CL) who were adopted into an English-speaking home...
Diabetes, hyperglycemia, and age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the association among hyperglycemia, diabetes status, and age-related maculopathy in a population-based study of people between the ages of 43 and 86 years who lived in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin between 1988 and 1990. . Methods: Age-related maculopathy was determined from stereoscopic fundus photographs. Results: In the nondiabetic group (n=4291), no relationship was found between glycosylated hemoglobin and any signs of age-related maculopathy. Diabetes status was not associated with early age-related maculopathy. People 75 years of age or older with diabetes (n=85) had a higher frequency of exudative macular degeneration (9.4%) than those without (4.7%) but had similar frequencies of pure geographic atrophy (3.8% for those with diabetes and 3.4% for those without diabetes). The relative risk of exudative macular degeneration in men with diabetes who were 75 years of age or older compared with those who did not have diabetes was 10.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4, 43.7); for females it was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.4, 3.0). Conclusion: These data suggest that diabetes is not related to early age-related maculopathy or geographic atrophy. The relationship of exudative macular degeneration to diabetes in older men, but not women, may be a result of chance. Further longitudinal study of this observation is needed.
Segment Combining and Patching for Short Packet Forward Error Control Coding

Modern networks are popular with a large number of short packets generated by many light weight, low power devices. We propose a new approach, segment combining and patching (SCP), for forward error control coding suitable for short packets, where the encoder logically divides a full packet into a number of partially overlapped subpackets based on a Finite Projective Plane of order m, and transmits the full packet n times. Upon receiving all n replicas of a full packet, the decoder generates an additional combined packet using Maximum Ratio Combining. By selecting non-faulty subpackets through Cyclic Redundancy Checks, both inter-cluster and intra-cluster patching are then performed on the n + 1 clusters of subpackets until no new non-faulty subpackets are generated. Simulation results in both AWGN and block fading channels demonstrate that the SCP is an effective approach for forward error control coding for short packet communication in embedded networks, sensor networks, and so on. Lastly, we provide a theory of SCP to show how it works.
High-Frequency Variability in the Circulation and Hydrography of the Denmark Strait Overflow from a High-Resolution Numerical Model

AbstractInitial results are presented from a yearlong, high-resolution (~2 km) numerical simulation covering the east Greenland shelf and the Iceland and Irminger Seas. The model hydrography and circulation in the vicinity of Denmark Strait show good agreement with available observational datasets. This study focuses on the variability of the Denmark Strait overflow (DSO) by detecting and characterizing boluses and pulses, which are the two dominant mesoscale features in the strait. The authors estimate that the yearly mean southward volume flux of the DSO is about 30% greater in the presence of boluses and pulses. On average, boluses (pulses) are 57.1 (27.5) h long, occur every 3.2 (5.5) days, and are more frequent during the summer (winter). Boluses (pulses) increase (decrease) the overflow cross-sectional area, and temperatures around the overflow interface are colder (warmer) by about 2.6°C (1.8°C). The lateral extent of the boluses is much greater than that of the pulses. In both cases the along-stra...
Towards an all-vanadium redox flow battery with higher theoretical volumetric capacities by utilizing the VO2+/V3+ couple

Abstract An all-vanadium redox flow battery with V(IV) as the sole parent active species is developed by accessing the VO2+/V3+ redox couple. These batteries, referred to as V4RBs, possess a higher theoretical volumetric capacity than traditional VRBs. Copper ions were identified as an effective additive to boost the battery performance.
Does it matter ‘who governs?’ Governance networks, local economic development policies, and the Great Recession

ABSTRACTThis study purports to examine whether governance networks influence cities’ use of local economic development policies, specifically business incentives, and if the role of networks changed during the Great Recession. Using American cities that responded to the International City/County Management Association’s Economic Development Survey in 2004 and 2009, hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to identify groups of cities with similar network membership patterns. The results of negative binomial regression models indicate that before the recession, the total number of actors participating in the network played a larger role in the total number of incentives provided by cities as well as the use of tax incentives. This changed in 2009 when network type emerged as the important governance-based determinant of the same variables. The results also suggest that traditional theories of economic development do not hold during times of economic and fail to explain the use of planning and labour ince...
The Illegitimacy of Protective Jurisdiction over Foreign Affairs

Lawsuits filed in U.S. courts frequently antagonize foreign nations. For example, a sizeable mass tort suit filed against a corporation that is vital to a foreign state's economy is likely to capture the government's attention; in some instances, the lawsuit might compel the foreign government to raise the issue directly with the United States through diplomatic channels. As a result, the suit has potential ramifications for the United States' relations with that nation. Some courts have held that these speculative U.S. foreign relations interests are sufficient to support federal question jurisdiction over cases that are otherwise based on state law.2 In this Comment, I explore whether jurisdiction in such cases can be squared with the statutory and constitutional limits of federal question jurisdiction. The courts that have allowed federal question jurisdiction based on a case's possible impact on U.S. foreign affairs have rested their holdings on the federal common law of foreign relations. In Banco Nacional de Cuba v Sabbatino,3 the Supreme Court recognized that some aspects of the United States' foreign affairs are governed exclu4 sively by federal law. While Sabbatino left many unanswered ques-
Cross-cultural adjustment: A theoretical perspective on social support☆

Abstract Whether it be information, referrals, emotional support, or tangible assistance, the social landscape of human assistance is critical to the process of cross-cultural adaptation. The burgeoning literature on social support has already demonstrated the importance of informal ties in coping with personal crisis, life transitions, and daily stress. Theories of uncertainty reduction, social comparison, and perceived control have been used to explain how types of messages and sources of support function for recipients and providers. This paper extends this work to explaining support during sojourners' pre-departure and initial entry, including a selected overview of assistance found among a range of social relationships. Special attention is given to social support in non-intimate, “fringe” relationships (e.g., shopkeepers, bartenders, hairdressers, etc.). Dysfunctional effects and restraints of support are presented, particularly when recipients and providers are facing similar threatening and uncertain conditions. Implications of this perspective for practitioners include suggestions for recruitment practices, program development, and cross-cultural training. Future research needs to examine support systems over time, group-level analysis (e.g., family system), and assistance provided by non-intimate, transient encounters.
Storytelling Among Israeli and Palestinian Children in the Era of Mobile Innovation

Existing literature in educational technology and media has tended to overlook the larger role educational institutions play as socializing forces, which instill children with national identities and values. Recognizing the important role schools play in forming children’s characters and perspectives on social problems, this article advocates a research agenda that focuses on how educational technologies serve as tools to combat larger social issues such as peace, health, and poverty through innovative approaches to traditional curricula and schooling. Focusing specifically on the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict, this article specifies a model for global, mobile stories that strive to develop cross-border awareness and promote a sense of global identity. This study presents findings from the collection of 185 stories from Palestinian youth, and suggests avenues for future research at the intersection of education, technology, and innovative approaches to solving social problems.
Use of pregabalin for preemptive analgesia in an enhanced recovery after surgery program.

265Background: A key component of any Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program is standardized multimodal analgesia to minimize opioid use. Our program utilizes acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and gabapentanoids perioperatively. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate pregabalin use after surgery and impact on total morphine equivalent daily dose (MEDD). Methods: Data was collected retrospectively on consecutive ERAS patients who underwent open gynecologic surgery from 3/4/2016 through 2/22/2018. We excluded any patient identified as a chronic opioid user. Standard preoperative medications included 300 mg tramadol ER, 75 mg pregabalin, and 400 mg celecoxib per institutional guidelines. Standard postoperative pain regimen included scheduled oral acetaminophen, ibuprofen and pregabalin unless contraindicated with rescue oral oxycodone and IV hydromorphone as needed. Pregabalin was ordered 75 mg twice daily for 4 doses. Recommended exceptions to pregabalin included hypersensit...
Polyamine catabolism and oxidative damage

Polyamines (PAs) are indispensable polycations ubiquitous to all living cells. Among their many critical functions, PAs contribute to the oxidative balance of the cell. Beginning with studies by the Tabor laboratory in bacteria and yeast, the requirement for PAs as protectors against oxygen radical–mediated damage has been well established in many organisms, including mammals. However, PAs also serve as substrates for oxidation reactions that produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both intra- and extracellularly. As intracellular concentrations of PAs can reach millimolar concentrations, the H2O2 amounts produced through their catabolism, coupled with a reduction in protective PAs, are sufficient to cause the oxidative damage associated with many pathologies, including cancer. Thus, the maintenance of intracellular polyamine homeostasis may ultimately contribute to the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis. Again, pioneering studies by Tabor and colleagues led the way in first identifying spermine oxidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. They also first purified the extracellular bovine serum amine oxidase and elucidated the products of its oxidation of primary amine groups of PAs when included in culture medium. These investigations formed the foundation for many polyamine-related studies and experimental procedures still performed today. This Minireview will summarize key innovative studies regarding PAs and oxidative damage, starting with those from the Tabor laboratory and including the most recent advances, with a focus on mammalian systems.
A Comparison of Satisfaction With Life and the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended After Traumatic Brain Injury: An Analysis of the TRACK-TBI Pilot Study

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between satisfaction with life (SWL) and functional outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot study (TRACK-TBI Pilot) enrolled patients at 3 US Level I trauma centers within 24 hours of TBI. DESIGN Patients were grouped by outcome measure concordance (good-recovery/good-satisfaction, impaired-recovery/impaired-satisfaction) and discordance (good-recovery/impaired-satisfaction, impaired-recovery/good-satisfaction). Logistic regression was utilized to determine predictors of discordance. MAIN MEASURES Functional outcome: Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE); SWL: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS Of the 586 enrolled subjects, 298 had completed both outcome measures at 6-month follow-up; the correlation between GOSE and SWLS was 0.380. Patients with impaired-recovery (GOSE < 7)/impaired-satisfaction (SWLS < 20) were more likely to have mild TBI (83% vs 62%, P = .012), baseline depression (42% vs 15%, P < .0001), and 6-month depression (59% vs 21%, P < .0001) when compared with patients with impaired-recovery/good-satisfaction. Patients with good-recovery/impaired-satisfaction were more likely to have baseline depression (31% vs 13%, P < .0001) and 6-month depression (33% vs 6%, P < .0001) compared with good-recovery/good-satisfaction. CONCLUSION Correlation between SWL and functional outcome was not strong, and depression may modulate the association. Future research should account for functional, mental health, and patient-centered outcomes when assessing TBI recovery.
Easy listening? An analysis of infidelity in top pop, hip-hop, and country song lyrics over 25 years:

Although it has been established that sexual content is common in popular music, the extent to which this content references cheating behaviors is unclear. Given the prevalence of infidelity among ...
An Activity Model to Demonstrate Countercurrent Exchange

Countercurrent exchange for the efficient movement of molecules across biological membranes is one of the most intriguing of the physiological adaptive mechanisms. At least one example of a countercurrent exchange mechanism was found in each of six college-designated textbooks examined. Although these textbooks are used in many advanced high school classes, the mechanism was presented in only one of 11 high school textbooks inspected (BSCS 1990). The most commonly presented example is the counter flow of the blood and water in fish gills (Audesirk & Audesirk 1996; BSCS 1990; Campbell 1996; Gould & Keeton 1996; Purves et al. 1995; Raven & Johnson 1996; Solomon et al. 1996). Heat exchange between arterial and venous blood to conserve heat as blood flows into the extremities of animals in a cold environment is the next most common example (Campbell 1996; Gould & Keeton 1996; Purves et al. 1995; Raven & Johnson 1996). The countercurrent multiplier system in the loop of Henle in the kidney was utilized by three of the authors (Campbell 1996; Purves et al. 1995; Raven & Johnson 1996). Counter flow of air and blood in the air sacs of birds is also cited in three texts (BSCS 1990; Gould & Keeton 1996; Raven & Johnson 1996). Only Gould & Keeton (1996) present countercurrent flow of air and blood in the nasal passages as a mechanism for cooling and moistening the air to prevent damage to lung tissue in hot arid environments and to remove heat from the blood traveling to the brain in panting animals. These authors also discuss the countercurrent exchange
Association of preoperative biliary drainage technique with postoperative outcomes among patients with resectable hepatobiliary malignancy.

Abstract Background Endoscopic biliary stenting (EBS) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) are two techniques used for preoperative biliary drainage prior to hepatobiliary resection. The objectives of this study were to determine predictors of the drainage technique selection and to evaluate the association between drainage technique and postoperative outcomes. Methods Using ACS NSQIP data (2014–2017), patients who underwent preoperative biliary drainage prior to hepatobiliary resection for malignancy were identified. Separate multivariable-adjusted, propensity score (PS) adjusted, and PS matched logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between drainage technique and postoperative outcomes. Results Of 527 patients identified, 431 (81.8%) received EBS and 96 (18.2%) received PTBD. Patients who underwent PTBD had more preoperative co-morbidities, including higher ASA class, recent weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia (all p Conclusion Patients undergoing hepatobiliary resection selected for PTBD had significantly more preoperative co-morbidities and nutritional deficits. Compared to EBS, PTBD was associated with significantly higher odds of postoperative morbidity and mortality.
Toward Rate Estimation for Transient Surveys. I. Assessing Transient Detectability and Volume Sensitivity for iPTF

Author(s): Chatterjee, D; Nugent, PE; Brady, PR; Cannella, C; Kaplan, DL; Kasliwal, MM | Abstract: The past couple of decades have seen an emergence of transient detection facilities in various avenues of timedomain astronomy that have provided us with a rich data set of transients. The rates of these transients have implications in star formation, progenitor models, evolution channels, and cosmology measurements. The crucial component of any rate calculation is the detectability and spacetime volume sensitivity of a survey to a particular transient type as a function of many intrinsic and extrinsic parameters. Fully sampling that multidimensional parameter space is challenging. Instead, we present a scheme to assess the detectability of transients using supervised machine learning. The data product is a classifier that determines the detection likelihood of sources resulting from an image subtraction pipeline associated with time-domain survey telescopes, taking into consideration the intrinsic properties of the transients and the observing conditions. We apply our method to assess the spacetime volume sensitivity of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF) and obtain the result, VTnIa = (2.93 ± 0.21) × 10-2 Gpc yr3 . With rate estimates in the literature, this volume sensitivity gives a count of 680-1160 SNe Ia detectable by iPTF, which is consistent with the archival data. With a view toward wider applicability of this technique we do a preliminary computation for long-duration type IIp supernovae (SNe IIp) and find TnIIp = (7.80 ± 0.76) × 10-4 Gpc yr3 . This classifier can be used for computationally fast spacetime volume sensitivity calculation of any generic transient type using their light-curve properties. Hence, it can be used as a tool to facilitate calculation of transient rates in a range of time-domain surveys, given suitable training sets.
Drafting Interpretation of Seismic Data through Virtual Reality with Hyperknowledge Base Systems

Seismic data are sources of information used by geophysics and geologist to infer the lithology of a region and look for evidence of possible hydrocarbon deposits. The interpretation of this data is critical for natural resources exploration in the business of industries like oil&gas. However, the essence of the data is volumetric, and the interpretation is challenging and time-consuming even for skilled domain specialists. In this work, we present a virtual reality system to explore seismic data assisted by a knowledge base and AI services. We focus on the aspect of visualizing and creating 3D annotations that are artifacts that highlight regions of interest that will characterize structures of the seismic data. A hybrid knowledge base (Hyperknowledge base), which support multimodal data, plays the role to integrate all those annotations from user to AI services and vice-versa. Hence, users shall use the system for decision making in immersive environments that preserve the volumetric perspective of the data for a better understanding of them.
A Systematic Review of Section 1983 Lawsuits Filed by Texas Inmates

Despite considerable change in inmate rights over the past several decades, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers know little about the current state of prisoner litigation. The purpose of t...
A Long-Term Evaluation of Adaptive Interface Design for Mobile Transit Information

Personalization of user experience has a long history of success in the HCI community. More recently the community has focused on adaptive user interfaces, supported by machine learning, that reduce interaction efforts and improves user experience by collapsing transactions and pre-filtering results. However, generally, these more recent results have only been demonstrated in the laboratory environment. In this paper, we share the case of a deployed mobile transit app that adapts based on users’ previous usage. We examine the impact of adaptation, both good and bad, and user abandonment rates. We conducted an 18-month assessment where 2,616 participants (with and without vision impairments) were recruited and participated in an A/B study. Finally, we draw some insights on some unusual effects that appear over the long term.
Characterization of smoldering multiple myeloma: A population-based cohort study.

e20028Background: There is increasing interest in characterizing Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (SMM) due to the availability of novel therapies shown to delay symptomatic progression to Multiple Myel...
Differential responses of adult Calliphora vicina to dry bloodstains on porous versus non-porous surface materials

Abstract Necrophagous flies are presumed to feed on wet and dried blood at crime scenes, but no empirical information exists detailing fly interactions with dried bloodstains. In the present study, the foraging behavior of adult Calliphora vicina was characterized during interactions with dried bloodstains formed on a variety of porous, and non-porous materials that are commonly encountered in a household. Continuous digital recording and image analysis were used to monitor fly interactions with dried bloodstains and to determine mechanisms of stain modification. Flies displayed differential responses to bloodstains based on the porosity and topography of the surface material. For instance, blood that was not tightly adhered to the materials was flaked or dislodged by fly activity and was not consumed by the flies. On other non-porous surfaces, most stains were consumed following moistening by regurgitation. Feeding activity on such bloodstains frequently yielded partial, perimeter and skeletal stains. In contrast, adult flies rarely mechanically altered dried blood on porous fabrics and there was no evidence of modification due to feeding. Feeding avoidance behavior was observed due to tactile inhibition with blood dried on rough, uneven surfaces like cotton and denim.
Chapter 24. Quantitated Structure-Activity Relationships

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on quantitated structure-activity relationships (SARs). An increasing number of persons are beginning to apply quantitated SARs as an aid in the study of factors influencing drug effect and as a guide for the design of new drug agents. Pioneering studies have indicated the potential utility of these approaches and efforts are currently being made to refine the present methods and to extend their practical utility. Three basic methods in current use are: (1) Linear free-energy and related mathematical models; (2) Polarizability models; and (3) Quantum chemical models. These methods differ in the level of theoretical sophistication needed to obtain working relationship, but all rely heavily on the use of multiple regression techniques in relating observed biological activities to a given mathematical model. The most direct connection between an intuitive interpretation of a given set of SARs and its mathematical counterpart is the use of the additive statistical model. By inspection of a table of SARs, it can often be concluded that the incorporation of certain groups, which seem to enhance a biological effect into a single compound might lead to a more active agent.
Deconstructing the Concept of ‘Incidental’ L2 Vocabulary Learning

The present review explores the meaning of the term ‘incidental’ in light of how incidental learning is framed, conceptualized, and operationalized in second language (L2) vocabulary research. Three interpretations of incidental vocabulary learning that seem to appear recurrently in the literature are presented and discussed along with examples of empirical studies. These interpretations are labeled as: (1) learner-oriented, (2) method-oriented, and (3) pedagogyoriented definitions. Significant constructs and theories in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) that motivate these interpretations are also considered. The paper concludes with a brief summary of current views on incidental learning and suggestions for future research.
Reality Television and Arab Politics: The “New Middle East”? Reality Television and the “Independence Intifada”

At 12:56:26 p.m. , on February 14, 2005, a massive explosion resounded throughout Beirut. At first, many Beirutis assumed from experience that Israeli air-force jets had crossed the sound barrier in a mock raid over the Lebanese capital. Others in the city felt the ground shaking and thought that it was an actual Israeli air bombing. Then people saw black smoke billowing from the seaside road alongside the famous St. George Hotel, a prewar hangout for socialites, spies, and intellectuals. Minutes earlier, Rafiq al-Hariri, Lebanon's erstwhile prime minister and a towering personality in postwar Lebanese politics, had left the Lebanese Parliament building located at Place de l'Etoile, driving his own car wedged within his security convoy to his mansion in the Quraytem neighborhood of Beirut. Out of three possible itineraries, Hariri's security detail selected the route that was likely to have the least traffic at that hour of the day, which passed by the St. George. As it rode past the hotel, a white Mitsubishi van cut through the convoy and exploded, killing al-Hariri and twenty one others. Al-Hariri had spent the morning participating in legislative debate over a controversial electoral law that was engineered by Syrian military intelligence to favor pro-Syrian candidates in the 2000 elections. Discussions of the law were heating up ahead of the 2005 parliamentary elections on which Hariri pinned his hopes to regain the prime minister's seat.
Preparing for Global Women’s Health Work

Interest in global maternal health has steadily increased over the past decade. Medical schools are offering courses on this subject, residencies are incorporating international elective rotations into their practices, and retiring practitioners are opting to spend a year or two in low-resource settings. Although interest is growing, sometimes wellmeaning health practitioners are not entirely prepared for their new experience. Prior to departure, a multistep process is necessary to prepare physicians for living and practicing overseas.
Carbon monoxide-binding pigments of Mycobacterium phlei and Escherichia coli.

Spectrophotometric studies with particles from Mycobacterium phlei have indicated the presence of two carbon monoxide-binding pigments; cytochrome a3 and a second pigment identified as cytochrome o. This identification was made by a comparison of the spectra from M. phlei with that of Escherichia coli, which is known to contain the CO-binding cytochromes, a1, a2, and o. Further identification of cytochrome was o made possible by lipase treatment of the M. phlei particles which released all of the cytochrome o into the supernatant fraction while releasing only small amounts of cytochromes b, c, and a + a3. With this supernatant fraction, the CO-cytochrome o peaks absorbed at 416, 538, and 567 mµ. In the intact particle, the 416 mµ CO-binding peak of cytochrome o was observed whether reduced by succinate, NADH, or malate-FAD which utilize the entire respiratory pathway or by ascorbate-N, N, N′, N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylene diamine which utilizes a segment of the respiratory chain between cytochrome c and oxygen.
Vacinação contra o rotavírus nos cuidados de saúde primários

Aim: To determine the coverage of anti-rotavirus immunization in the Family Health Unit of S. Joao do Porto and to test the association of immunization with clinical outcomes (number of episodes of acute gastroenteritis, their duration, and days of work lost by the parents). Type of study: Cross-sectional Setting: Family Health Unit S. Joao do Porto Population: Children aged between 6 months and 5 years old Methods: Parents of 500 children, randomly selected from the list of patients of the Health Unit, were contacted by telephone for this survey. The chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Mantel-Cox test were used for univariate analysis of the association between the predictor and outcome variables. Multivariate analysis was performed using a logistic regression model. Significance was set at the of 0.05 level. Results: Immunization coverage by rotavirus vaccine in this population was 55.1% (95%CI: 48.8-61.4%). Entry into kindergarten before 6 months of age was associated with higher vaccination coverage (p=0.015). The median age for entry to kindergarten was lower in the vaccinated group (11 vs 24 months, p=0.007). After adjusting for gender, age, low birth weight, prematurity, comorbidity, breastfeeding for over 3 months, and attending kindergarten before 6 months of age, the odds ratio for the efficacy of the vaccine was estimated to be 0.933 (95%CI: 0.539-1.613). Conclusions: Over half of this population received rotavirus immunization. This study did not find evidence of clinical efficacy of the vaccine, neither in terms of number of episodes of diarrhea, their duration, nor in work days lost by caregivers. These findings raise questions about the value of rotavirus vaccine.