cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-cost adjustable mirror mount

Complex optical systems commonly employ adjustable optical mounts for alignment purposes. The design of a low-cost adjustable mirror mount that provides simple tilt and height adjustments is described. This mirror mount employs conventional machining and standard off-the-shelf hardware and is, therefore, very suitable for low-cost rapid prototyping applications. A diamond-machined metal mirror is directly assembled to the mount with three screws and two precision dowel pins. The adjustments are provided by three spring-loaded screws between the mount and a fixed base plate. Two set screws are used for locking purposes after the adjustments have been made.
The Practicum in TESOL

This article reports the results of a questionnaire survey of how the teaching practicum is conducted in U.S. graduate TESOL programs. Information was sought on the objectives of the practicum, the kinds of training experiences and activities employed, and how the practicum is implemented. The results are discussed with reference to key issues in the field of practice teaching in TESOL. The Directory of Professional Preparation Programs in TESOL in the United States (Frank-McNeil, 1986) lists 120 institutions that have programs leading to a master's degree. These programs typically offer a wide range of courses serving a diverse student population. Some lead to certification so that graduates may teach in public schools; other programs have a particular specialization, such as bilingual education, adult education, or teaching English overseas. Most attempt to achieve their goals through offering a balanced curriculum emphasizing both theory and practice. However, theory sometimes wins out over practice. In a survey of American MA TESOL graduates working in Japan (Richards & Hino, 1983), the most frequently studied courses in MA TESOL programs were phonology, transformational grammar, structural linguistics, second language acquisition, first language acquisition, and contrastive analysis. In the same survey respondents reported that the courses they found to be most useful in view of the professional demands made on them as practicing language teachers were practice teaching, classroom management, second language acquisition, materials writing and adaptation, method analysis, and phonology. In most MA TESOL programs, the practice teaching course, or practicum, is the major opportunity for the student teacher to acquire the practical skills and knowledge needed to function as an effective language teacher. Yet there is little research or literature in
Exogenous attentional selection of transparent superimposed surfaces modulates early event-related potentials.

Abstract Using a transparent motion paradigm, [Valdes-Sosa, M., Bobes, M. A., Rodriguez, V., & Pinilla, T. (1998). Switching attention without shifting the spotlight object-based attentional modulation of brain potentials, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 10, 137–151; Valdes-Sosa, M., Cobo, A., & Pinilla, T. (2000). Attention to object files defined by transparent motion, Journal of Experimental Psychological: Human Perception and Performance, 26, 488–505] found that when attention is endogenously directed to one surface, observers can more reliably report the direction of a brief translation of the cued than the uncued surface. Using a similar design [Reynolds, J. H., Alborzian, S., & Stoner, G. R. (2003). Exogenously cued attention triggers competitive selection of surfaces, Vision Research, 43, 59–66] found that even in the absence of an endogenous cue, the first translation acted as a potent exogenous cue that impaired the observer’s ability to discriminate a subsequent translation of the other surface. We investigated the neural basis of this exogenous cueing effect by recording visual event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by translations of the cued and uncued surfaces. Subjects were given the task of judging whether or not the first and second translations were identical in direction, and their performance was impaired when the second translation occurred on the uncued, as compared to the cued surface. The posterior C1 (75–110 ms) and N1 (160–210 ms) components of the ERP elicited by the second translation of the cued surface were larger than those elicited by translation of the uncued surface. These behavioral and ERP cueing effects were present even when the two surfaces were identical in color and thus could not be attributed to attention-related modulations of the gain of color channels. These findings provide evidence that exogenous cueing results in preferential selection of the cued surface at both early and intermediate stages of visual-cortical processing.
Mechanism from isotope effects.

Abstract Isotope effects represent perhaps one of the most versatile tools available to investigators interested in the determination of reaction mechanism, particularly in the case of the mechanistic enzymologist. Interpretation of isotope effect data is somewhat more difficult for enzyme reactions, since the chemical or isotope-dependent step(s) is(are) normally not solely rate-limiting as they are for non-enzyme-catalyzed reactions. One can, however, take advantage of rate-limitation by multiple steps in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction to obtain information on a number of aspects of mechanism. In this paper, simple theory for the application of isotope effects to reaction mechanism is developed, and applied to organic reactions and those catalyzed by enzymes. Techniques used to measure isotope effects depend somewhat on the isotope used, that is radioisotope vs. stable isotope, or hydrogen isotope vs. heavier atoms. Techniques to be discussed include competitive and noncompetitive (or internal discriminat...
USE OF THE MILLON CLINICAL MULTIAXIAL INVENTORY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

A review of recent survey data indicates that the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) ranks among the most frequently used tests by practicing clinicians. This instrument is surpassed only by the MMPI or MMPI-2 in the area of objective personality assessment.
Why Feminist Theory Matters for Feminist Practice: The Case of Rape Response

Rape crisis centers, which provide supportive services to survivors of sexual assault, are commonly lauded as one of the most successful and lasting transformations achieved by second-wave feminism (Bevacqua 2000; Martin 2005; Schmitt and Martin 2007). But the advocates who work in these centers overwhelmingly reject the use of the word “feminist” to describe themselves or the work of their agencies (Campbell, Baker, and Mazurak 1998; Corrigan 2013; Maier 2008). Here, I describe this puzzling disconnect between feminist consciousness and feminist practice and offer a theory of why the incorporation of feminist analysis could enrich the provision of services on the ground.
On the molecular mechanism of amyloid fibrillogenesis

Amyloid fibrils are known to form out of partially unfolded human lysozyme through self‐assembly of its disordered sequences into a cross‐β structure. A new molecular mechanism for this process is proposed based on analogies with the mesophase and microsegregation behaviour of copolymers composed of rigid and flexible blocks. According to the model, α‐helical sequences play an essential role on the stabilization of fibrils. The model ought to apply to globular–fibrillar transformations occurring for other proteins and conformational incompatibility might play a role on the stability of native tertiary structures.
Regulation of metaraminol efflux from rat heart and salivary gland

Abstract 1. The turnover rate of noradrenaline (NA) in heart and submaxillary salivary gland was studied in rats exposed to 4° C or maintained at room temperature (22° C). Cold exposure increased the turnover of the NA store in heart but not in salivary gland. 2. In another series of experiments the decline of metaraminol (M) from heart and submaxillary salivary gland was studied in rats exposed to 4° C or maintained at room temperature. Cold exposure accelerated the efflux of M from heart, but not from salivary gland. It is concluded that the accelerated decline of M from heart is the consequence of selective activation of the sympathetic nerves that innervate the heart. 3. The turnover of NA was studied in rat heart after the administration of M (100 μg/kg intravenously) or its precursor α-methyl-meta-tyrosine (200 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Turnover remained essentially normal after these drugs. 4. The administration of desipramine (DMI, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) 1 hr after M (100 μg/kg intravenously) induced a rapid sustained efflux of M from heart and salivary gland. The results of this study suggest that the slow decline of M from heart is the result of the great affinity of the amine retrieval mechanism in sympathetic nerve endings for M. DMI inhibits the retrieval mechanism, thus accelerating the efflux of M.
Frequency domain and finite difference modeling of ventilated concrete slabs and comparison with field measurements: Part 2. Application

Abstract This paper is the second of two papers that present techniques and guidelines for frequency response (FR) and lumped-parameter finite difference (LPFD) approaches for the thermal modeling of building-integrated thermal energy storage (BITES) systems. To assist the thermal analysis and control of active BITES systems, development of FR and LPFD models are presented in this two-part paper. Modeling methodology and techniques are presented in paper Part 1 using ventilated concrete slabs (VCS) for demonstration. In this part, the methodology is applied to two types of VCS. The modeling results from different FR and explicit LPFD models with different time steps and discretization schemes are presented. The results are compared to each other, and with field-measured data from a solar demonstration house with a VCS. Simulation results show that time step of half an hour for FR models results in less than 3% error in thermal performance. For LPFD models, discretization with Biot number smaller than 0.5 can reduce error to about 5%.
Rotifer genetics: integration of classic and modern techniques

Rotifer genetics has a long but sporadic history. There have been 4 major periods of research activity: (1) determining the environmental control of sexuality with inferences regarding genetics — early 1900’s; (2) exploring the relationship between chromosome numbers and the rotifer life cycle — 1920’s; (3) physiological and developmental genetics — 1960’s; and (4) theoretical and experimental population genetics late 1970’s. With newly developed molecular techniques, in conjunction with more traditional approaches,integration of these fields is beginning. Examples include investigation of gene expression involved in sexual reproduction by isolating glycoproteins responsible for mate recognition. Improvement of techniques for chromosome analysis has made it possible to verify haploidy in males and led to the discovery of polyploidy. The role of specialized proteins in the stress response is being elaborated with an accompanying search for the genetic elements which control them. Most recently the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to amplify ribosomal genes, and is a first step in using DNA sequences to define evolutionary relationships among the Rotifera.
Sjögren's syndrome: mechanisms of pathogenesis involve interaction of immune and neurosecretory systems.

Although biopsies of salivary and lacrimal glands from patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) have focal lymphocytic infiltrates and partial destruction of glandular secretory units (acinar and ductal structures), the degree of dryness is beyond that expected for the level of glandular destruction. The failure to exhibit adequate secretory function is not due simply to the destruction of neural innervation to the residual glandular elements or the absence of receptors for acetylcholine on the glandular cells. It is likely that release of cytokines by lymphocytes and glandular cells (especially interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha), autoantibodies and metalloproteinases lead to decreased release of neurotransmitters and decreased response of the residual glandular cells to available neurotransmitters. The ability to modulate immune response and stimulate residual glandular elements provides new therapeutic opportunities for Sjogren's patients.
The behavioral phenotype of FMR1 mutations

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the behavioral phenotype of FMR1 mutations, including fragile X syndrome (FXS) in order to better understand the clinical involvement of individuals affected by mutations in this gene. FXS is associated with a wide range of intellectual and behavioral problems, some relatively mild and others quite severe. FXS is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and one of the most prevalent genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder. Learning difficulties, attentional problems, anxiety, aggressive behavior, stereotypies, and mood disorders are also frequent in FXS. Recent studies of children and adults have identified associations between FMR1 premutation and many of the same disorders. We examine the neurobehavioral phenotypes of FXS and FMR1 premutation as they manifest across the lifespan of the individual. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CHANGES IN SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROID HORMONES AND THYROID HORMONE‐BINDING PROTEINS DURING EARLY INFANCY Studies in Healthy Fullterm, Small‐for‐gestational Age and Preterm Infants Aged 7 to 240 Days

Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), prealbumin (TBPA) and albumin (Alb) were determined in 492 blood samples from 127 fullterm (FT), 91 small-for-gestational age (SGA) and 88 preterm (PT) healthy infants aged 7 to 240 days. Serum T4 decreased about 20% during the first month of life. In infants aged 7--49 days, serum T4 concentrations were significantly lower in SGA than in FT infants, and even lower values were found in PT infants. Serum T3 increased 50--70% reaching maximal values by 50--79 days of life. Serum T3 levels were higher in FT than in SGA infants throughout the observation period. In PT infants serum T3 increased from low values to levels which exceeded those of SGA and FT infants by 120--240 days of life. Serum TSH level did not change with age and was less than or equal to 5 mU/l in all infants. Serum TBG values were high compared to normal adult values and did not change significantly with age. Comparable serum TBG values were found in FT, SGA and PT infants. Serum TBPA increased with age. Serum TBPA increased gradually in FT infants. In SGA infants serum TBPA increased from low values to levels which by 120--240 days of life exceeded those of PT and FT infants. In PT infants a decrease in serum TBPA appeared before the rise commenced. Serum Alb increased gradually in FT, SGA and PT infants during the observation period. Serum Alb in PT infants aged 30--119 days was lower than those in FT infants with similar ages. These physiological changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and hormone-binding proteins during early infancy should be considered when interpreting thyroid function tests in infants with various maturity.
Optimal control in molecular-level gene manipulation

The sequential information stored in DNA determines the appearance and inheritance of different life forms and individuals. Precision control of DNA sequences at the molecular level is crucial to maintain the fidelity of genes and to ensure the accuracy of gene expression. In this paper, we propose state-space control models at the molecular level by converting character-based DNA sequences into state vectors and incorporating on/off controls for mutagens into DNA replication systems in different scales. Subsequently, we compute the optimal control sequence for minimizing the risk of applying mutagens and the off-trajectory penalty using dynamic programming algorithm. By the brute force method and simulation results, we conclude that the global optimum can always be achieved within a finite number of steps of deterministic DNA replication systems. The upper limit of steps to reach the global optimum depends on the length of the DNA sequence.
Tropical Storm Formation in a Baroclinic Environment

Abstract An analysis is presented of the large-scale conditions associated with the initial development of Tropical Storm Diana (September 1984) in a baroclinic environment. Ordinary extratropical wave cyclogenesis began along an old frontal boundary east of Florida after 0000 UTC 7 September and culminated in tropical cyclogenesis 48 h later. Water-vapor satellite imagery showed that the initial cyclogenesis and incipient tropical storm formation was nearly indistinguishable from a classical midlatitude development. Cyclogenesis occurred in three stages. A large-scale cold trough and associated frontal system crossed the Atlantic coast, while a small potential vorticity maximum aloft fractured off the main trough and stalled over central Florida in the first stage. As the main trough sheared off eastward, cyclogenesis began along the southwestern end of the stalled frontal zone east of Florida. Anticyclogenesis to the north in the wake of the shearing trough allowed a surge of cooler and drier air to flo...
The epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic features of hemorrhagic colitis.

INTRODUCTION 383 EPIDEMIOILOGY 384 Outbreak Investigations 384 Surveillance Studies 385 Host Factors, Modes of Transmission, and Reservoir 387 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ........ 388 Natural History... 388 Laboratory Tests. . . ......... . . ...... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 389 Pathology 389 Complications 390 Management ......... ........ . ....... .. . . ...... 391 Differential Diagnosis .... ........ .... 391 MICROBIOLOGy 393 Growth and Survival Characteristics of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 393 Biochemical Features of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 393 Pathogenesis 393 CONCLUSIONS 401
The acute-phase response and associated lipoprotein abnormalities accompanying lymphoma

Lipoprotein abnormalities seen in patients with inflammatory diseases are thought to develop secondary to circulating cytokines and the accompanying acute-phase response. Patient's with lymphoma may develop similar lipoprotein abnormalities but the mechanism is unclear. We report a patient with B-cell lymphoma who presented with an HDL cholesterol level of 3 mg dl-1, an ApoA level of 17.4 mg dl-1, elevated triglyceride level (272 mg dl-1) and an elevated ApoB level of 156 mg dl-1. Density gradient analysis of the patient's lipoproteins demonstrated a virtual absence of an identifiable HDL particle. Serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein were also elevated. All of the lipoprotein abnormalities resolved with chemotherapy and resolution of the acute-phase response. The acute-phase response may be associated with striking lipoprotein abnormalities in a subset of patients with lymphoma. Lymphoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL cholesterol.
Interaction of metal ions with polynucleotides and related compounds. X. Studies on the reaction of silver(I) with the nucleosides and polynucleotides, and the effect of silver(I) on the zinc(II) degradation of polynucleotides†

Potentiometric titration curves of the silver(I) complexes of cytidine, adenosine, and uridine show little uptake of base below pH 7, unlike the curve for silver(I)-guanosine, which shows extensive base uptake at neutral pH. This observation is correlated with spectrophotometric data showing little difference between the silver complex spectra of adenosine, cytidine, and uridine and the spectra of uncomplexed nucleosides, except at high pH, but showing a great difference between the silver complex spectra of guanosine and inosine and the corresponding uncomplexed nucleosides even at pH 6. Similar comparisons of the silver complexes of poly A, poly C, poly I, and poly U, both by potentiometric titration and by spectrophotometry, show that poly I behaves like guanosine and inosine as expected, differing from poly A and poly C. However, poly U behaves like poly I and thus does not resemble uridine in its complexing behavior. There is thus a dichotomy between poly A and poly C on the one hand in silver complexing phenomena, compared with poly U and poly I on the other. When silver(I) is added to systems containing zinc(II) and various polynucleotides, the same dichotomy is noted. Silver(I) inhibits the degradation by zinc(II) of all four polynucleotides, but the degradation of poly I and poly U is prevented virtually completely. Silver(I) alone has no degradative effect on RNA and inhibits, the zinc(II) degradation of RNA. Polynucleotide complexes in which silver(I) and zinc(II) are simultaneously bound to different positions on the macromolecules are postulated as intermediates in the inhibited degradation reactions.
The essentials of strategic change management.

Organizations today face major, discontinuous change that makes strategic management more difficult and more complex than ever. To succeed in this environment, companies need to look at the technical, political, and cultural systems operative within their organizations.
Undergraduate Engineering Students’ Beliefs, Coping Strategies, and Academic Performance: An Evaluation of Theoretical Models

Research has identified factors associated with academic success by evaluating relations among psychological and academic variables, although few studies have examined theoretical models to understand the complex links. This study used structural equation modeling to investigate whether the relation between test anxiety and final course grades was mediated by personal control, self-efficacy, goal orientation, coping strategies, and self-regulation. Participants were 297 undergraduate students taking an algebra course designed for engineering students. Results indicated that the proposed theoretical model was supported by the data, although a modified model produced a better fit. Other competing models were also tested. Collectively, analyses revealed that the psychological variables played important roles in predicting students’ grades, as all the structural coefficients and R 2 statistics were statistically and practically significant. Findings suggest value in the development and testing of additional m...
Phase Behavior and Modeling of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide−Organic Acid Mixtures

Pressure-composition isotherms are obtained for binary mixtures of carbon dioxide with formic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, and caprylic acid at temperatures of 35.0-120.0 °C and pressures up to 250 bar. The accuracy of the experimental apparatus was tested by comparing the measured phase equilibrium data of the carbon dioxide-acetic acid system at 40.0 and 60.0 °C with those of Laugier et al. These six carbon dioxide-polar solute systems exhibit type I phase behavior, which is characterized by an uninterrupted critical mixture curve that has a maximum in pressure. In each system, the mixture critical point increases as the temperatures increases, and also the mixture critical pressure increases as the molecular weight increases. On the contrary, the carbon dioxide-formic acid system shows a higher mixture critical pressure compared with those of the other systems. The experimental data are modeled using both the statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) and the Peng-Robinson (P-R) equation of state. The SAFT equation of state reasonably models the pressure-composition isotherms for these six systems only if two temperature-independent mixture parameters are used for each system. The P-R equation of state calculated the phase behavior with one or two temperature-independent mixture parameters.
Blacks, Whites, and the New Prejudice: Does Aversive Racism Impact Employee Assessment?

This research examined how Black and White raters view Black and White employees in terms of salary, training, race, and perceptual characteristics. These characteristics were measured in a primarily Black university with a sample of 283 Black students and in a primarily White university with a sample of 258 White students. Aversive racism was used to explain the lower ratings of Black women in the White sample. Blacks’ stronger rating of other Blacks was explained by relational demography, which argues that strengdi in numbers is evidenced by more positive feelings of minorities toward those of their own groups. Results are discussed with regard to changes that must occur in order for organizations to be more inclusive of Blacks and women.
The amputee war casualty in a military hospital: observations on psychological management.

The psychological tasks facing the amputee war casualty change according to the phases of rehabilitation from wound healing through ambulation and the transition to civilian life. Psychiatric exper...
Statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) in clinical CT systems: experimental assessment of noise performance.

Purpose: To reduce radiation dose in CT imaging, the statistical model based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) method has been introduced for clinical use. Based on the principle of MBIR and its nonlinear nature, the noise performance of MBIR is expected to be different from that of the well-understood filtered backprojection (FBP) reconstruction method. The purpose of this work is to experimentally assess the unique noise characteristics of MBIR using a state-of-the-art clinical CT system. Methods: Three physical phantoms, including a water cylinder and two pediatric head phantoms, were scanned in axial scanning mode using a 64-slice CT scanner (Discovery CT750 HD, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) at seven different mAs levels (5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 300). At each mAs level, each phantom was repeatedly scanned 50 times to generate an image ensemble for noise analysis. Both the FBP method with a standard kernel and the MBIR method (Veo®, GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) were used for CT image reconstruction. Three-dimensional (3D) noise power spectrum (NPS), two-dimensional (2D) NPS, and zero-dimensional NPS (noise variance) were assessed both globally and locally. Noise magnitude, noise spatial correlation, noise spatial uniformity and their dose dependence were examined for the two reconstruction methods. Results: (1) At each dose level and at each frequency, the magnitude of the NPS of MBIR was smaller than that of FBP. (2) While the shape of the NPS of FBP was dose-independent, the shape of the NPS of MBIR was strongly dose-dependent; lower dose lead to a “redder” NPS with a lower mean frequency value. (3) The noise standard deviation (σ) of MBIR and dose were found to be related through a power law of σ ∝ (dose)−β with the component β ≈ 0.25, which violated the classical σ ∝ (dose)−0.5 power law in FBP. (4) With MBIR, noise reduction was most prominent for thin image slices. (5) MBIR lead to better noise spatial uniformity when compared with FBP. (6) A composite image generated from two MBIR images acquired at two different dose levels (D1 and D2) demonstrated lower noise than that of an image acquired at a dose level of D1+D2. Conclusions: The noise characteristics of the MBIR method are significantly different from those of the FBP method. The well known tradeoff relationship between CT image noise and radiation dose has been modified by MBIR to establish a more gradual dependence of noise on dose. Additionally, some other CT noise properties that had been well understood based on the linear system theory have also been altered by MBIR. Clinical CT scan protocols that had been optimized based on the classical CT noise properties need to be carefully re-evaluated for systems equipped with MBIR in order to maximize the method's potential clinical benefits in dose reduction and/or in CT image quality improvement.
Single Photon Turnstile Device

A single photon turnstile device utilizes simultaneous Coulomb blockade for electrons and holes in a mesoscopic double barrier p-n junction [1].
TH-E-217BCD-03: Image Contrast Dependent Spatial Resolution Differences for Varying Levels of ASiR™ Implementation

Purpose: Introduce MTF calculation technique for contrast dependent spatial resolution measurements of ASiR™ using the first module of the ACR CT phantom. Compare three approaches to account for spatially variant MTF for CT.Methods: Each material insert within module one of the ACR phantom was imaged with a pixel pitch of 0.188. An MTF methodology described by Boone was used to validate the use of the ACR phantom. To account for spatially variant MTF of CT, three MTF calculation methodologies were investigated: an ensemble of edge response functions (ERFs) were aligned and averaged to produce one MTF;MTF curves were calculated for each ERF and averaged into one; and a cumulative distribution function was created by integrating a 300 bin histogram for one MTF calculation. Three reconstruction filters were investigated: standard, bone, and lung.Results: ACR phantom and Boone methodology MTF curves agreed to within 12%. Three methodologies investigated to account for spatially variant CT agreed to within 1%; histogram methodology was susceptible to number of bins used to form the histogram, and was not reliable. High‐contrast resolution improved by 10% when 100% ASiR™ was compared to 0% ASiR™; this trend agreed with previous reports and with Boone methodology calculations. Lung and bone reconstruction filters measured increased spatial resolution with increased levels of ASiR™: 10% and 17% for 0 and 100% ASiR™, respectively. Intermediary contrast resolution measured at acrylic‐water and at polyethylene‐water interfaces did not change with increasing ASiR™ reconstruction. Conclusions: ACR phantom MTF calculations agreed with the Boone methodology. Of the three methodologies investigated to account for spatially variant MTF in CT, method three varied depending on sampling interval. MTF values for high‐contrast objects were found to improve between 10–17% with 100% ASiR™ reconstruction. ASiR™ did not affect intermediary contrast object spatial resolution.
Use of a Lunar Outpost for Developing Space Settlement Technologies

The type of polar lunar outpost being considered in the NASA Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) can effectively support the development of technologies that will not only significantly enhance lunar exploration, but also enable long term crewed space missions, including space settlement. The critical technologies are: artificial gravity, radiation protection, Closed Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) and In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). These enhance lunar exploration by extending the time an astronaut can remain on the moon and reducing the need for supplies from Earth, and they seem required for space settlement. A polar lunar outpost provides a location to perform the research and testing required to develop these technologies, as well as to determine if there are viable countermeasures that can reduce the need for Earth-surface-equivalent gravity and radiation protection on long human space missions. The types of spinning space vehicles or stations envisioned to provide artificial gravity can be implemented and tested on the lunar surface, where they can create any level of effective gravity above the ~1/6 Earth gravity that naturally exists on the lunar surface. Likewise, varying degrees of radiation protection can provide a natural radiation environment on the lunar surface less than or equal to ~1/2 that of open space at 1 AU. Lunar ISRU has the potential of providing most of the material needed for radiation protection, the centrifuge that provides artificial gravity; and the atmosphere, water and soil for a CELSS. Lunar ISRU both saves the cost of transporting these materials from Earth and helps define the requirements for ISRU on other planetary bodies. Biosphere II provides a reference point for estimating what is required for an initial habitat with a CELSS. Previous studies provide initial estimates of what would be required to provide such a lunar habitat with the gravity and radiation environment of the Earth s surface. While much preparatory work can be accomplished with existing capabilities such as the ISS, the full implementation of a lunar habitat with an Earth-like environment will require the development of a lunar mission architecture that goes beyond VSE concepts. The proven knowledge of how to build such a lunar habitat can then be applied to various approaches for space settlement.
Alimentary leptin receptors are most abundant in the gallbladder

Abstract Introduction: We have demonstrated that leptin deficiency and leptin resistance are associated with abnormal motility in the gallbladder. In addition, we have shown that serum glucose and insulin are inversely correlated with biliary motility and that administration of leptin to deficient mice normalizes gallbladder function. Thus, leptin administration may be therapeutic for biliary dyskinesia. However, no data are available on biliary leptin receptor levels. Therefore, we hypothesized that leptin receptors would be abundant in the gallbladder. Methods: 11 week old female lean control (C57Bl/6J, n = 12), leptin-deficient obese/diabetic (Lepob, n = 8), leptin-resistant obese/diabetic (Lepdb, n = 8) and non-obese, diabetic (NOD/LtJ, n = 8) mice were fasted overnight. The next day alimentary tissues including stomach, duodenum/jejunum, ileum, colon, gallbladder, liver and spleen were removed, and leptin receptor (Ob-Rb, long form) protein levels were determined by ELISA. Data were analyzed by Two-way and One-way ANOVA and by Student-Newman-Keuls for pair-wise multiple comparisons. Results: Leptin receptors were similarly abundant in the gallbladder of each strain (p ∗ . C57BI/6J Lepob Lepdb NOD Leptin receptors 22.6 ± 4.9 23.8 ± 3.5 24.6 ± 4.0 35.5 ± 8.3 ∗ ∗ p Conclusions: These data suggest that leptin receptors 1) are found most commonly in the gallbladder and 2) are increased in the gallbladder of non-obese diabetic mice. We conclude that alimentary leptin receptors are most abundant in the gallbladder and that leptin provides a link among obesity, diabetes, and gallstone formation.
Studies on the phosphorylation of thymidine and thymidylate by the developing chick embryo

Abstract Thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21) and thymidylate (TMP) kinase (EC 2.7.4.9) activities were followed in the developing chick embryo. During the period from 3 to 15 days in the whole embryo, thymidine kinase activity was low and relatively constant, averaging about 3 mμmoles of thymidine phosphorylated per mg protein per h. Little activity was detected in embryonic liver. Thymidylate kinase activity was maximal at 3–4 days at 100 mμmoles TMP phosphorylated per mg protein per h. It declined to about this level at 12 days and average about 20 in embryonic liver from 16 to 10 days. Examination of TMP kinase, dCMP deaminase and dGMP kinase in the early embryo indicated activities of 18, 2060 and 263 mμmoles product per mg protein per h for the three enzymes, respectively, at 2 days and by 4 days these values had increased to 102, 3930 and 690, respectively. It was suggested, therefore, that the synthesis of TDP is rate limiting for DNA synthesis in the chick embryo, and that the pathway from thymidine to TMP is not important for the chick during embryonic development.
Management of the Elderly Person After Myocardial Infarction

Elderly persons after myocardial infarction should have their modifiable coronary artery risk factors intensively treated. Hypertension should be treated with beta blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. The blood pressure should be reduced to or = 130/80 mmHg in persons with diabetes or renal insufficiency. The serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol should be reduced to <100 mg/dl with statins if necessary. Aspirin or clopidogrel, beta blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors should be given indefinitely unless contraindications exist to the use of these drugs. Long-acting nitrates are effective antianginal and antiischemic drugs. There are no Class I indications for the use of calcium channel blockers after myocardial infarction. Postinfarction patients should not receive Class I antiarrhythmic drugs, sotalol, or amiodarone. An automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator should be implanted in postinfarction patients at very high risk for sudden cardiac death. Hormonal therapy should not be used in postmenopausal women after myocardial infarction. The two indications for coronary revascularization are prolongation of life and relief of unacceptable symptoms despite optimal medical management.
Therapeutic Effect of Acupuncture for Chronic Pain

The purpose of this report concerned with the activities of the acupuncture clinic at UAB during the past 2 years and 3 months, is to objectively assess the role of acupuncture in the treatment of various pain disorders for which conventional pain relieving methods had failed to yield satisfactory results. In carefully analyzing the data provided by the patients through completed questionnaires, an attempt was made to look at the results obtained as unbiased as possible and to determine whether it is justified to continue the acupuncture activities at UAB or terminate them. From the data presented it appears that acupuncture helped in more than 50 percent of the patients by either completely or partially controlling the suffering from painful disorders. Patients helped by acupuncture received 8.55 treatments on the average, while patients not helped by acupuncture only recieved 4.75 treatments. There is little difference between the male and female patients as to the response to acupuncture. However, we noticed that the younger the patient and the shorter the duration of their problems, the better the response. Patients who had not had surgery to treat the pain syndrome responded better than those who had previous surgery. Patients with backache who had previously had laminectomy showed better response to acupuncture than the patients who had spinal fusion. It appears that good general health plays an important role in favorably responding to acupuncture treatment. It is apparent from this survey that acupuncture may be a valuable extension of a conventional pain clinic and an alternative in patients who are desperate in their desire to get relief from pain which they failed to obtain from other methods.
History of Kansas Glacial Geology

The glacial features of northeastern Kansas have been investigated scientifically for more than a century; out of this study has come the concept of the "Kansan glaciation," which is recognized as an important stage of continental glaciation during the Pleistocene Epoch. The past glaciation of the American Plains and its implication for river-system development were recognized early by Louis Agassiz in 1868. Evidence for multiple glacial advances was discovered soon after, and T. C. Chamberlin in 1896 designated five glacial periods, of which the Kansan glaciation was next to oldest. The first detailed studies of glacial features in Kansas were carried out by J. E. Todd mostly in the second decade of this century. He emphasized reconstruction of stream and lake drainage developed peripherally to the ice sheet, and he can be regarded as the "father of Kansas glacial geology." The work of Todd was followed closely by that of W. H. Schoewe in the 1920-40's. Schoewe mapped the glacial limit as presently accep...
Avulsion fracture of the foramen magnum treated with occiput-to-c1 fusion: technical case report.

Objective and importance A 31-year-old woman presented with an avulsion fracture of the foramen magnum via bilateral occipital condyles with extension through the inferior aspect of the clivus. Clinical presentation The patient had no neurological deficits and was initially immobilized in a halo brace. Intervention To preserve rotational motion at C1-C2, we performed an occiput-to-C1 fusion with bilateral C1 lateral mass screws attached with rods to occipital keel screws. Postoperatively, the patient remained neurologically intact. Three-month follow-up imaging revealed no abnormal motion. Follow-up computed tomographic scan showed an intact construct and bony fusion. Conclusion This rare injury, a bony variant of occipitoatlantal dislocation, was successfully treated with a unique occiput-to-C1 fusion.
Adsorption effects in square-wave voltammetry of totally irreversible redox reactions

Abstract The influence of reactant adsorption on square-wave voltammograms of totally irreversible redox reactions is analyzed theoretically. Characteristics of the response ip, Ep and ΔEp/2 are expressed by the equations 6, 7 and 8, respectively. SW voltammograms of berberine are compared with theoretical predictions and the transfer coefficient α = 0.32 and the maximum surface concentration Γs = (8.2 ±0.4)·10−11 mol cm−2 are determined.
Fabrication of refractive microlenses in semiconductors by mask shape transfer in reactive ion etching

Abstract Refractive microlenses are formed in semiconductor materials by transfer of a lens-like shape of reflowed erodable polyimide mask into the substrate by reactive ion etching. Simultaneous monitoring of the etch rates of the mask material and the semiconductor results in precise control of the lens radius of curvature. We demonstrate wafer-scale integration of GaAs microlenses with vertical-cavity laser diodes and InP microlenses with InGaAs photodetectors. These integrated components can be used directly in optical systems without additional external optics.
Test sophistication: An important consideration in judging the standardized test performance of black students

Abstract It is a commonly accepted fact that working‐class Blacks and other economically “disadvantaged” minorities do not do as well on standardized tests as middle‐class Whites. Aside from construct validity and other delimiting factors such as cultural and linguistic bias, poor test‐taking ability should also be an important consideration in judging the value of a standardized test result. Since standardized reading tests, despite a growing body of research to the contrary, remain in wide use for purposes of student and program evaluation, reading specialists and content area specialists should teach for test‐taking competence. Future research should also attempt to examine the part played by test‐wiseness in the mean differences in standardized test performance between certain subsets of the population (Black students, rural students, etc.) and the population at large.
Activists as interpretive communities: rituals of consumption and interaction in an alternative media audience:

This multiple-method study bridges what John D.H. Downing has called a ‘distinctly disturbing gulf’ between our knowledge of social actors and theories about alternative media by considering the symbolic uses of news in an activist audience and by extending theories of news reading as a ritual act through which social bonds are produced. Because people often read news in private or diffuse situations, reading must be represented to other community members through discourse in order to communicate those information sources – and hence social ideals – they have in common. In interviews, activists downplayed consumption of corporate media, but diaries confirmed that they used a wide range of both alternative and mainstream sources. I propose that this interpretive community achieved its identity in part by rejecting mainstream media, so that performing the role of ‘alternative reader’ served as a marker of individual taste and group belonging.
Coupled Rocking and Translating Vibrations of a Buried Foundation

The plane strain model of a rigid building foundation embedded below the surface of an elastic half space is treated. The foundation is assumed to be vibrating freely with arbitrary transient time-dependences U(t) and V(t) in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, and to be rocking about its mass center with magnitude Ω(t). The total restraining reactions exerted upon the foundation by the surrounding medium are determined exactly during the initial time period for a P-wave to traverse the foundation base width. Thereafter the results become approximate. In this manner the coupled equations of motion for free vibrations of the foundation are obtained. A numerical example presents the impulse response matrix for U, V, and Ω. Peak responses are found to occur during the early time period where the results are exact.
Diagnostics of Mechanical Faults of Loudspeakers Using Principal Component Analysis and Fisher’s Discriminant Analysis

This study illustrates a novel model based FDI method for the common mechanical faults arising during the manufacture of loudspeakers. To overcome the drawbacks of the conventional signal based approaches, the Bayesian classification of impulse responses based on a model based fault symptom database is proposed. The loudspeaker model is estimated via IRES and ARMA techniques. The fault symptom database is constructed with a novel nonlinear loudspeaker model. The performances of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Fisher’s Discriminant Analysis (FDA) are compared. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. It is also shown that the FDA based classifier performs better than PCA in terms of the accuracy and consistency of the healthy baseline estimation. However, the fault isolation is difficult due to the similarities of fault signatures.© 2011 ASME
Prediction of the spiral nerve in Dupuytren's contracture

Spiral displacement of the digital nerve occurs because of contracture of diseased fascia. In 90% of cases, this spiral course of the nerve can be predicted preoperatively by the presence of a mass of soft pulpy compressible skin overlying the displaced nerve.
Cicadapeptins I and II: new Aib-containing peptides from the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps heteropoda.

Fermentation extracts of Cordyceps heteropoda (ARSEF #1880), an entomopathogenic fungus isolated from an Australian cicada, yielded a known antifungal compound, myriocin, and a complex microheterogeneous family of novel nonribosomal peptides, each containing two residues of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib). Structure elucidation of two major components of the peptide mixture, cicadapeptins I and II (1 and 2), was accomplished by amino acid analysis and various MS, 1-D NMR, and 2-D NMR experiments. Both compounds are acylated at the N-terminus by n-decanoic acid and amidated at the C-terminus by 1,2-diamino-4-methylpentane. The amino acid sequence of cicadapeptin I is N-terminus-Hyp-Hyp-Val-Aib-Gln-Aib-Leu-C-terminus. Ile substitutes for Leu in cicadapeptin II. To our knowledge, this is the first report from fungi of consecutive Hyp or Pro residues in a nonribosomal linear peptide. ROESY data indicated that the cicadapeptins adopt a helical conformation. Cicadapeptins I and II displayed antibacterial activity ...
Diagnosis and radioablation treatment of toxic multinodular goiter in a hemodialysis patient

Abstract Toxic multinodular goiter is rare in hemodialysis patients. In addition, establishing the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in the elderly patient with renal failure is difficult because abnormal thyroid function tests can erroneously be attributed to euthyroid sick syndrome. Treatment of hyperthyroidism in dialysis patients by radioiodine ablation involves careful calculation of 131I dose, determination of interval between 131I administration and its removal by hemodialysis, and minimization of radiation hazards during dialytic removal of 131I. We described the clinical presentation of an elderly dialysis patient with toxic multinodular goiter and discussed our diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The patient's recovery after 131I ablation was complete and uneventful. (Am J Kidney Dis 1998 Apr;31(4):698-700)