cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Post-transfer outcomes in cultured bovine embryos supplemented with epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor 2, and insulin-like growth factor 1

Abstract This work examined the downstream fetal and placental outcomes of introducing a cocktail of uterine-derived growth factors during bovine embryo culture. Abattoir-derived bovine oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro. On day 4 post-fertilization, ≥ 8-cell embryos were harvested, pooled and exposed to an embryokine mix, termed EFI, which contained recombinant human epidermal growth factor (10 ng/ml), bovine fibroblast growth factor-2 (10 ng/ml) and human insulin-like growth factor 1 (50 ng/ml) or to a carrier-only control treatment (CON). On day 7, individual, transfer-quality embryos were transferred to recipients. Timed ovulation was completed in mature, non-suckled commercial beef cows. Cows either were artificial inseminated (AI) or received an embryo (ET) on day 7 post-estrus (n = 23–31 cows/treatment over 4 replicate studies). The percentage of grade 1 and 2 morulae and blastocysts was greater (P
Neuroprotection Comparison of Rosmarinic Acid and Carnosic Acid in Primary Cultures of Cerebellar Granule Neurons

Neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease, are characterized by the progressive loss of neurons in specific regions of the brain and/or spinal cord. Neuronal cell loss typically occurs by either apoptotic or necrotic mechanisms. Oxidative stress and nitrosative stress, along with excitotoxicity and caspase activation, have all been implicated as major underlying causes of neuronal cell death. Diverse nutraceuticals (bioactive compounds found in common foods) have been shown to have neuroprotective effects in a variety of in vitro and in vivo disease models. In the current study, we compared the neuroprotective effects of two polyphenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid, which are both found at substantial concentrations in the herb rosemary. The capacity of these compounds to rescue primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) from a variety of stressors was investigated. Both polyphenols significantly reduced CGN death induced by the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (nitrosative stress). Rosmarinic acid uniquely protected CGNs from glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, while only carnosic acid rescued CGNs from caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by removal of depolarizing extracellular potassium (5K apoptotic condition). Finally, we found that carnosic acid protects CGNs from 5K-induced apoptosis by activating a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pro-survival pathway. The shared and unique neuroprotective effects of these two compounds against diverse modes of neuronal cell death suggest that future preclinical studies should explore the potential complementary effects of these rosemary polyphenols on neurodegenerative disease progression.
§4.10 Unfair Prejudice, Confusion, Delay, Collateral

This article addresses the exclusion of evidence under FRE 403 for unfair prejudice and the other grounds of exclusion listed in the rule such as confusion, delay, misleading the jury, and being cumulative.
Economic disparities in Appalachia linked to risk factors for long-term health for estrogen positive breast cancer patients.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States and mortality from cancer is more common among individuals in the Appalachian region compared to the rest of the country. We examined how risk factors for long-term health outcomes for Estrogen positive breast cancer patients differed by county economic status in southern Appalachia. Methods Data was collected through retrospective data mining of patient medical files (N = 238). Using the self-reported zipcode, patients were classified into county economic status. At-risk and distressed designations were also rural counties. Bi-variate statistical analyses were used to evaluate how demographic, behavioral, health risk factors differed across economic statuses. Results For demographic factors, fewer single individuals lived in at-risk counties and older individuals lived in distressed counties. For health behaviors, more individuals in transitional counties report drinking alcohol but more individuals in distressed counties reported adhering to medication. For morbidity, more individuals in distressed counties reported having diabetes or a circulatory disease. Conclusions Many risk factors differed across county economic statuses. Therefore, doctors must consider the patient's context as a risk factor not just their individual characteristics. Patients from economically distressed counties may be at higher risk for treatment complications due to a larger proportion of co-morbidities and older age. Because many risk factors (eg, previous cancer, BMI) are similarly proportioned across Appalachian economic statuses, ER+ breast cancer patients in Appalachia may be at a similarly high risk for health complications compared to the rest of the country.
Inhibition of neogenin promotes neuronal survival and improved behavior recovery after spinal cord injury.

Abstract Following spinal cord trauma, axonal regeneration in the mammalian spinal cord does not occur and functional recovery may be further impeded by retrograde neuronal death. By contrast, lampreys recover after spinal cord injury (SCI) and axons re-connected to their targets in spinal cord. However, the identified reticulospinal (RS) neurons located in the lamprey brain differ in their regenerative capacities – some are good regenerators, and others are bad regenerators – despite the fact that they have analogous projection pathways. Previously, we reported that axonal guidance receptor Neogenin involved in regulation of axonal regeneration after SCI and downregulation of Neogenin synthesis by morpholino oligonucleotides (MO) enhanced the regeneration of RS neurons. Incidentally, the bad regenerating RS neurons often undergo a late retrograde apoptosis after SCI. Here we report that, after SCI, expression of RGMa mRNA was upregulated around the transection site, while its receptor Neogenin continued to be synthesized almost inclusively in the “bad-regenerating” RS neurons. Inhibition of Neogenin by MO prohibited activation of caspases and improved the survival of RS neurons at 10 weeks after SCI. These data provide new evidence in vivo that Neogenin is involved in retrograde neuronal death and failure of axonal regeneration after SCI.
Ceftaroline-Associated Neutropenia: Case Series and Literature Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

Ceftaroline is increasingly prescribed for "off-label" indications involving longer durations and higher doses. There have been postmarketing case reports of neutropenia among patients who have received extended durations of ceftaroline, but limited published data currently exist on its incidence and risk factors. We review a total of 37 published cases of ceftaroline-associated neutropenia including cases (n = 4) identified in our health care system. The median time from ceftaroline initiation to development of neutropenia (range) was 25 (8-125) days, with a median duration of neutropenia (range) of 4 (1-16) days. Agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] nadir < 100 cells/mm3) developed in 49% of cases (n = 18), and there was an ANC nadir of 0 in 27% (n = 10). The overall incidence of neutropenia among cases receiving ceftaroline for ≥7-14 days (range) was 12% (7%-18% per individual study), higher than for comparator antibiotics in the literature. Risk factors for ceftaroline-associated neutropenia varied among studies and remain poorly defined.
A review of computational toys and kits for young children

Abstract This paper presents a review of computational toys and kits that enable young children (ages 7 years old and under) to explore computational ideas and practices. We collected 30 computational kits, including 13 physical kits, 8 virtual kits, and 9 hybrid kits, and performed a qualitative analysis of these kits. We examined the kits across four different perspectives: how they are designed, how they support children to explore computational concepts and practices, how they enable children to engage in a range of projects and activities, and how they enable children to explore other domains of knowledge. Based on the analysis, we present design suggestions and opportunities to expand the possibilities in what computational ideas and other domains of knowledge children can explore, how children can engage in computing, and what kinds of projects children can make. While many kits enable the exploration of some computational concepts and practices, we see opportunities to expand how these concepts can be supported, as well as the new concepts and domains children could explore. We also see possibilities to include new modes of expression such as body motion or new media such as light and sound. Finally, we see possibilities for whom designers can better support, such as more explicit roles for adult caregivers and expanding possibilities for children from underrepresented groups in computing. This qualitative study reveals the commonalities across existing kits and highlights ways for designers and researchers to expand the possibilities for children to create, explore, and play with computing.
Perspectives of individuals with multiple sclerosis on discontinuation of disease-modifying therapies:

Background:Therapeutic research in multiple sclerosis (MS) has focused on the development of treatments with little investigation regarding the possibility of discontinuation of disease-modifying t...
Reversal of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain and cognitive dysfunction via genetic and tomivosertib targeting of MNK

Neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury presents with severe spontaneous pain and a variety of comorbidities, including deficits in higher executive functions. None of these clinical problems are adequately treated with current analgesics. Targeting of the mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase (MNK1/2) and its phosphorylation target, the mRNA cap binding protein eIF4E, attenuates many types of nociceptive plasticity induced by inflammatory mediators and chemotherapeutic drugs but inhibiting this pathway does not alter nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia. We used genetic manipulations and pharmacology to inhibit MNK-eIF4E activity in animals with spared nerve injury, a model of peripheral nerve injury (PNI)-induced neuropathic pain. We assessed the presence of spontaneous pain using conditioned place preference. We also tested performance in a medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)-dependent rule-shifting task. WT neuropathic animals showed signs of spontaneous pain and were significantly impaired in the rule-shifting task while genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the MNK-eIF4E signaling axis protected against and reversed spontaneous pain and PNI-mediated cognitive impairment. Additionally, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of MNK-eIF4E signaling completely blocked and reversed maladaptive shortening in the length of axon initial segments (AIS) in the mPFC of PNI mice. Surprisingly, these striking positive outcomes on neuropathic pain occurred in the absence of any effect on mechanical allodynia, a standard test for neuropathic pain efficacy. Our results illustrate new testing paradigms for determining preclinical neuropathic pain efficacy and point to the MNK inhibitor tomivosertib (eFT508) as an important drug candidate for neuropathic pain treatment.
Producing Better Mileage: Advancing the Design and Usefulness of Hybrid Vehicles for Social Business Ventures

Since 2008 approximately half of the states in the U.S. have enacted one or more statutes for the formation of hybrid forms of business organization. The “hybrid” nature of such organizations refers to ground rules in the enabling statutes that blend aspects of traditional for-profit ventures (such as private investors) with characteristics normally associated with traditional non-profit entities (such as charitable or other social benefit purposes). Emerging right along with these forms are numerous questions from across a spectrum of the theoretical and academic to the practical, legal, and regulatory.
Subcutaneous fat necrosis, a rare but serious side effect of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and whole-body hypothermia

Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and risk factors in infants with subcutaneous fat necrosis (SFN) following therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods A case-control study was performed by a retrospective chart review of infants with moderate or severe HIE admitted to a level IV regional perinatal center and who underwent whole-body cooling. Results A total of 14 (8.1%) of 171 infants with moderate or severe HIE who underwent whole-body cooling developed SFN during hospitalization. There were more females [71% (10/14)] and large-for-gestational age (LGA) infants [28% (4/14)] in the SFN group vs. 36% females (57/157) and 8% LGA infants (13/157) in the group without SFN (P-values of 0.009 and 0.015, respectively). The mean lowest platelet count was lower 108 ± 55 109/L vs. 146 ± 62 109/L and the mean highest calcium level was higher 11.3 ± 2.5 vs. 10.6 ± 0.8 mg/dL in infants with SFN vs. infants without SFN, respectively (P-values of 0.0078 and 0.006, respectively). Distribution of skin lesions followed distinctive patterns representing the areas with direct contact with the cooling blanket. One infant developed severe, life-threatening hypercalcemia that required aggressive management, including diuretics, corticosteroids and bisphosphonates. Conclusion Although SFN is a rare complication of therapeutic hypothermia, it can be a life-threatening condition if complicated by severe hypercalcemia. Infants who undergo therapeutic hypothermia for HIE need regular skin examinations to evaluate for SFN. If SFN is identified, monitoring of serum calcium levels to prevent life-threatening hypercalcemia is recommended.
High Real-World Medication Adherence and Durable Clinical Benefit in Medicare Patients Treated with 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

Purpose:Although clinical trials demonstrate 5-alpha reductase inhibitors are efficacious treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia, they have low reported medication adherence outside of clinica...
A ribosomal frameshifting error during translation of the argl mRNA of Escherichla coli

Using fusions between the Escherichia coli genes argI and lacZ, it has been demonstrated that ribosomal frameshifting occurs at a frequency of between 3% and 16% within the argl mRNA, soon after the initiation codon. The frameshift involves a phenylalanyl-tRNA shifting into the + 1 frame at the sequence UUU-U/C. The shift does not occur if the in-frame phenylalanine codon UUU is replaced by UUC. The level of frameshifting is higher in dense cultures and is not dependent on phenylalanine starvation. In the wild-type argI gene this frameshifting event would be an error, leading to a truncated, non-functional protein. Therefore, it is unlike the numerous examples of required frameshifting events that have been described in other genes.
A vertebrate model to reveal neural substrates underlying the transitions between conscious and unconscious states

The field of neuropharmacology has not yet achieved a full understanding of how the brain transitions between states of consciousness and drug-induced unconsciousness, or anesthesia. Many small molecules are used to alter human consciousness, but the repertoire of underlying molecular targets, and thereby the genes, are incompletely understood. Here we describe a robust larval zebrafish model of anesthetic action, from sedation to general anesthesia. We use loss of movement under three different conditions, spontaneous movement, electrical stimulation or a tap, as a surrogate for sedation and general anesthesia, respectively. Using these behavioral patterns, we find that larval zebrafish respond to inhalational and IV anesthetics at concentrations similar to mammals. Additionally, known sedative drugs cause loss of spontaneous larval movement but not to the tap response. This robust, highly tractable vertebrate model can be used in the detection of genes and neural substrates involved in the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness.
Reactivity of Judgments of Learning in a Levels-of-Processing Paradigm

Abstract. Recent studies have shown that judgments of learning (JOLs) are reactive measures in paired-associate learning paradigms. However, evidence is scarce concerning whether JOLs are reactive ...
Pockels effect in low-temperature rhombohedral BaTi O 3

We report a first principles analysis of the linear electro-optic (EO) or Pockels effect in rhombohedral $\mathrm{BaTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (BTO), the lowest temperature phase of this ferroelectric perovskite. Si-integrated BTO is a promising material for EO modulators in Si photonics, with applications in optical quantum computing. This requires a fundamental understanding of the Pockels effect in BTO at low temperature. Through density functional perturbation theory, we explore the origins of a strong Pockels response by examination of the components that make up the ionic contribution to the EO tensor. We identify the phonon modes dominating the EO response and establish their relation to the electronic structure and optical properties of the material.
Book Review: Growing Up with Goldstein, Freud, and Solnit

Explaining how the authors’ prior conclusions and their newer work fit together, this review highlights the emphasis on parental autonomy and family integrity in Before the Best Interests of the Child (1979) by Joseph Goldstein, Anna Freud, & Albert J. Solnit. After critiquing several details, the review commends the book for clarifying in a straightforward and accessible way the order in which the analysis must proceed, with family integrity dominating the early stages of intervention (invocation and adjudication), before any consideration of the child’s best interests, which should take place only at the dispositional stage.
Cosmological consequences of the existence of the unit gravitational charge(\hbar c/4G)^{\tfrac{1}{2}}

The assumption that the Universe, just before the «big bang», consisted primarily of unitons (particles of mass\((\hbar c/4G)^{\tfrac{1}{2}} \)) leads to a simple picture of the big bang as the consequence of the gravitational collapse of triplets of unitons to form nucleons. If one assumes that the energy thus released caused the expansion of the Universe from some initial radiusR0 to its present size, one obtaines simple equations forR0 and the total numberN of nucleons in the Universe in terms of the basic constantsℏ,c andG. Using the known numerical values of these constants, one obtainsN=81/2·1079 andR0=5.7·1012 cm. This model of the big bang also accounts for the large excess of photons over nucleons as a consequence of the creation of particle-antiparticle showers very shortly after the big bang. Stray unitons that never coalesced to form nucleons can explain many of the puzzling features of the Universe.
Metabolic Interlock THE ROLE OF THE SUBORDINATE TYPE OF ENZYME IN THE REGULATION OF A COMPLEX PATHWAY

Abstract The activity of chorismate mutase plays a strategic role in mediating the flow of chorismate between the synthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine on the one hand, and of tryptophan and a number of aromatic vitamins on the other hand. A gene specifying chorismate mutase in strain 23 of Bacillus subtilis was introduced into the genetic background of strain 168 by deoxyribonucleate transformation. The newly introduced chorismate mutase has a specific activity which is 10 times greater than that of strain 168. This hybrid strain was used to study the effect of the altered activity of chorismate mutase upon the routing of common pathway precursors into the divergent terminal branches of the aromatic amino acid pathway of biosynthesis. 1. Compared to strain 168, the hybrid strain (carrying chorismate mutase-H) was more resistant to growth inhibition by low concentrations of d-tyrosine and less resistant to growth inhibition by low concentrations of 5-methyltryptophan. The hybrid strain was resistant to a weak inhibition of growth which may occur in derivatives of strain 168 in the presence of the combination of tryptophan and tyrosine. The hybrid strain also possesses an increased capacity for incorporation of exogenous shikimate. 2. Chorismate mutase was product-inhibited by prephenate, a finding which we suggest is physiologically significant—a part of the pattern of sequential feedback inhibition which regulates the aromatic pathway in B. subtilis. 3. The considerable ability of the hybrid strain to adjust to the unbalancing influence of chorismate mutase-H is attributed to the compensatory capabilities of allosteric and repressive controls existing in the pathway. Accordingly, when these regulatory controls in the terminal branches of the pathway were lost by mutation, the full potential of an alteration in level of chorismate mutase to unbalance the flow of common precursors to the terminal branches of the pathway was unmasked. The dependence of the aromatic pathway in B. subtilis upon the regulatory enzymes in its terminal branches for the appropriate function of chorismate mutase leads us to describe this chorismate mutase as an example of a subordinate enzyme. 4. Hybrid strains of B. subtilis are widely distributed, often inadvertently. The properties of hybrid strains explain a number of findings in the literature.
Perceptual Grouping and Attention During Cortical Form and Motion Processing

This article summarizes three examples of how the cerebral cortex achieves analog coherence and complementary fusion in its processing of visual information. Analog coherence refers to the need to reconcile two processing capabilities that often seem to be at odds. The brain needs analog sensitivity to distributed visual data to measure the relative importance of different combinations of features. It needs coherent processing of analog data to actively select the correct data grouping while suppressing less active groupings, yet coherent processing tends to be binary processing. This article suggests how the visual cortex balances both tendencies to achieve their best properties in examples of form and motion grouping. The article also suggests how the complementary strengths of form and motion processing are merged through form-motion interactions.
A genetic algorithm for file and task placement in a distributed system

We explore the distributed file and task placement problem, which is intractable. We also discuss genetic algorithms and how they have been used successfully to solve combinatorial problems. Our experimental results show the GA to be far superior to the greedy heuristic in obtaining optimal and near optimal file and task placements for the problem with various data sets. >
Imaging Teleseismic P to S Scattered Waves Using the Kirchhoff Integral

The development of high quality portable broadband seismographs and subsequent deployment of large numbers of these instruments in temporary target-oriented arrays or in fixed geometry and mobile arrays as planned for the USArray component of Earthscope presents a number of imaging opportunities using scattered waves. Such imaging, analogous to pre- and post-stack depth migration imaging developed for petroleum exploration [e.g., Biondi and Bevc, 2005, this volume], offers structural seismologists interested in crust and upper mantle structures the opportunity to develop impedance-like images of high resolution relative to regional or global tomograms. In this paper we describe one such means of imaging with scattered P to S-waves making using of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, discuss its strengths, limitations, and aspects of the required array geometry, present synthetics tests to demonstrate the utility of the algorithm and to explore some of the issues associated with scattered wave imaging, and apply the imaging system to several datasets. One dataset is from a cratonic region, the Kaapvaal craton, in which we have clearly imaged the 410-km and 660-km discontinuities, and have some energy arriving at the 520-km discontinuity, as well as at the expected depth of the base of the craton. The second dataset is from a Cenozoic orogenic belt, the southern Rocky Mountains, where we identify the crust-mantle boundary, and a Proterozoic subduction slab in the uppermost mantle that can be interpreted as the southern edge of the Wyoming craton. Speaking broadly, the migrated images provide relatively high quality images of the structures expected from the classical seismic Earth models: the Moho and the transition zone discontinuities. In addition the images show details of smaller scale features that are either unidentified, or are poorly resolved in tomograms made from the same datasets. Converted wave imaging and traveltime tomography complement one another: The tomograms provide the laterally variable velocity structures needed for image focusing. The converted wave images provide higher resolution images of both lateral and vertical impedance changes, removing some of the smearing inherent in tomographic methods.
Learning deterministic finite automata from interleaved strings

Workflows are an important knowledge representation used to understand and automate processes in diverse task domains. Past work has explored the problem of learning workflows from traces of processing. In this paper, we are concerned with learning workflows from interleaved traces captured during the concurrent processing of multiple task instances. We first present an abstraction of the problem of recovering workflows from interleaved example traces in terms of grammar induction.We then describe a two-stage approach to reasoning about the problem, highlighting some negative results that demonstrate the need to work with a restricted class of languages. Finally, we give an example of a restricted language class called terminated languages for which an accepting deterministic finite automaton (DFA) can be recovered in the limit from interleaved strings, and make remarks about the applicability of the two-stage approach to terminated languages.
Restenosis, the Achilles' heel of coronary angioplasty

Coronary angioplasty is widely performed for the management of symptomatic coronary artery disease. With improvements in technique, operator experience, and tools, more complex lesions are being treated. Unfortunately, luminal renarrowing continues to limit the long-term success of the procedure, resulting in the need for repeat revascularization in approximately 30% of patients within 6 months. As the pathophysiologic process of restenosis is better defined, various pharmacologic and mechanical interventions have been tried to attenuate the process. Some agents are antithrombotics, antiplatelets, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, lipid-lowering drugs, and calcium channel blockers. Improvement has been noted with the newer glycoprotein IIb- and IIIa-blocking agents, mechanical stents, and radioactive materials. Whether these new compounds will withstand the test of time is unknown.
Adrenocorticotropin and glucocorticoid concentrations in fetal and maternal plasma of rabbit does continuously infused with cortisol from day 21 to day 24 of gestation

Previous studies have suggested that suppression of fetal rabbit adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion results in impaired development of ACTH-specific adenylate cyclase activity. In order to test this hypothesis we measured fetal and maternal plasma ACTH, cortisol, and corticosterone concentrations in control does and does infused with 0.3 mg of cortisol/hour at 21 to 24 days of gestation. This cortisol infusion regimen significantly depressed maternal and fetal plasma ACTH and corticosterone concentrations but did not change fetal serum cortisol concentrations. These findings further support the hypothesis that fetal ACTH plays a role in the normal development of the adenylate cyclase catalytic portion of the ACTH receptor complex and adrenal differentiation during this critical period of fetal life.
Conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem sobre o risco ocupacional de infeccao pelo HIV

The essay is about the presentation and discussion of results of a study developed with 73 nursing professionals in a hospital in Santa Catarina’s west region, with the objective of identifying knowledge, attitude and behavior of these professional towards the occupational risk of contamination by HIV. The research, of a quantitative genre, was developed from April to October, 2002, and the data was collected through a form containing open and closed questions. After retrieval, the data was organized in tables and considered following the reviewed literature. It can be observed a majority of female professional, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age and with less than 10 years of professional work. 88% of sampled professionals know that they are in a risk intesity that varies from moderate to maximum and present themselves as aware to the risk of being contaminated by the HIV virus; 96% recognize the procedure of vein puncturing as the most risky. More than 80% showed knowledge of the precaution standard-measures and of the procedures in caso of exposition to biological material. It was verified that 40% of the population had already physical contact, without protection, with blood and 68% got hurt with puncturing-cutting material, which allows the presumption that, although with the proper knowledge, not all of the them make use of the protective measures. Through the research results it can be verified that most interviewees had enough information to protect themselves, however, a portion of them was still exposing themselves to risky situations.
Unexcitable zones as a source of spiral waves initiation and cardiac arrhythmias

The initiation of a 2-D spiral wave rotation around a periodic lattice of unexcitable zones (obstacles) is studied numerically by the finite-difference method. The lattice consists of thin asymmetrical filaments formed by unexcitable (diseased) portions of heart tissue. A spiral-like wave rotation originates from the incident wavefront break which occurred at the obstacles. The conditions are found when a rotation frequency of the broken wavefront fragments is several times greater than the frequency of a normal heart rhythm. >
Doing Less Before It’s Done Unto You: Reshaping Workflows for Efficiency Before the Wolf Is at the Door

This article is not so much about “what we can stop doing” as it is an example of how planning, change management, and clear priorities can mitigate the impact of budget cuts. With budget disasters already upon us, this might seem an exercise in closing the barn door after the horse’s position has been eliminated. Yet, let’s face it: what we are going through now is not the last economic “downturn” we will experience in our careers. Somebody once defined insanity as doing the same thing over and over and expecting the results to change; this article will suggest some . . .
Temporal lobectomy for epilepsy in a three year old: a twenty year followup

Abstract Few series have analyzed the results of temporal lobectomy in the pediatric age group. In this paper, we present a child who underwent successful temporal lobectomy for medically intractable complex partial seizures at the age of three. A twenty year followup is provided. This case is significant because of the young age at which the surgery was performed, the long term followup which was obtained, and the successful result. Followup included multiple clinic visits, electroencephalograms (EEG), and psychological testing. The patient is currently seizure free and functioning well in society.
Structural modeling of information coordination abilities: An evaluation and extension of the Yee, Hunt, and Pellegrino model

Abstract The intention of this research was to extend the Yee, Hunt, and Pellegrino (1991) model of information coordination and provide further evidence for the contribution of such abilities to individual differences in multitask performance. Three experiments investigated information coordination abilities using confirmatory factor analysis. Across all three experiments evidence was provided in support of both across-domain (Experiments 1 and 2) and within-domain (Experiment 3) coordination abilities. In addition, it was discovered that (a) the contribution of a coordination ability to coordination task performance decreased with practice on such tasks, (b) the relative contribution of a coordination ability to coordination task performance was dependent upon the complexity of the coordination situation, and (c) coordination abilities were uncorrelated with other cognitive ability constructs. Results from all three experiments are discussed in the context of Baddeley's (1986) working memory model, especially with respect to the functioning of the central executive. Arguments are made that coordination tasks provide useful vehicles for future research exploring such working memory models.
Talcott Parsons and National socialism : The case of the ten mysterious missing letters

This essay is a response to questions raised by my review of a book by Uta Gerhardt called Talcott Parsons on National Socialism.In short, I found many issues unresolved in the Cold War years from 1946 to 1954 at Harvard University, especially the role of Talcott Parons and Clyde Kluckhohn in allegedly bringing Nazi collaborators to the United States. I have tried to address these controversial issues in this response.
Phonoscopy--a valuable tool for otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists in the management of dysphonic patients.

Objectives To describe the phonoscopic evaluation, present a rationale for its use, and demonstrate its use in identifying laryngeal and vocal pathology. Study Design Retrospective review. Methods One hundred consecutive cases of new patients referred to our voice clinic team were reviewed. Findings on laryngeal examination as reported by the referring otolaryngologist were compared with our findings on “phonoscopic” examination. The phonoscopic examination combines the traditional voice evaluation performed by speech-language pathologists with endoscopy, which is relatively new to the voice clinician, to visualize the larynx during a broad sample of phonatory tasks. Patients with spasmodic dysphonia or tremor were excluded from the study. Results In 26 cases of the 100 reviewed, our observations were consistent with those of the referring otolaryngologist. In 32 cases, we agreed with the referral diagnosis, but found additional factor(s) related to pathology. In 42 cases, our findings differed from those of the referring physician. Conclusions Results support our contention that phonoscopic evaluation can be of value to both the otolaryngologist and speech-language pathologist. It is particularly recommended in those patients whose dysphonia is unexplained following diagnostic laryngeal examination by the otolaryngologist, in cases in which voice use is a suspected factor in the pathology, and when voice therapy is a recommended treatment for a dysphonic patient.
CdTe quantum dot in tunable hydrogel nanocrystals

Optical emission from CdTe quantum dots (QDs) embedded in poly-N-isopropylacrylamide hydrogel nanocrystallites can be enhanced over 100% using thermal and electrical stimulus. Relative distance amongst QDs was modified tuning the hydrogel facilitating resonant energy transfer.
The effect of turbulence parameters and support position on the heat transfer from spheres

Abstract Measurements are reported which show the influence of the turbulence intensity, the scale of turbulence, and the position of the support, on the average heat transfer from spheres to an air stream. The Reynolds number range was from about 3·6 × 10 3 to 5·2 × 10 4 . The turbulence intensity and the scale of turbulence distributions downstream from three grids, behind which the heat-transfer measurements were later made, were measured for velocities from 4·6 to 18·3 m/s. The heat-transfer measurements showed that the average Nusselt number increased with the turbulence intensity, and with the ratio of the sphere diameter to the scale of turbulence for values up to at least five. Nusselt numbers, obtained using a crossflow support, were found to be about 10 per cent higher than those obtained using a rear support. Equations relating the average Nusselt number to the Reynolds number, for a low-turbulence free stream, are given.
Origin of InI emission in laser studies of the crossed beam reaction In+I2

Abstract When a beam of In is cross fired at a beam of I 2 and the intersection is irradiated by various cw laser sources, InI emission is observed. The origin of this emission is shown to be laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) from the ground state indium monoiodide product of the reaction In + I 2 → InI + I, rather than laser-induced chemiluminescence (LIC) through the excitation of the I 2 reagent in the reaction In + I 2 ‡ → InI* + I. An upper bound on the cross section for the later process is estimated to be ⩽2.5 × 10 −16 cm 2 . The LIF excitation spectrum reveals a strong inversion in the InI vibrational population distribution, with the fraction of the total excess energy of reaction in vibration exceeding 0.5. Preliminary results for the Tl + I 2 reaction system show the same LIF m
Kinetics of catalyzed acid/acid and acid/aldehyde condensation reactions to non-symmetric ketones

Abstract The kinetics and mechanism of acid and aldehyde condensations to produce non-symmetric ketones with CeO2-based catalysts were studied using a combination of conventional and pulse microreactor tests. The effects of oxygen and water on the reactions were also studied. Supported CeO2 catalysts effectively catalyze the ketonization of acids at essentially complete conversion for extended periods, at weight hourly space velocities of 4–5. The optimal temperature range is 400–430 °C, depending on feed. Time on stream and number of regeneration cycles improved catalyst performance. Selectivities are improved by promotion with small amounts of potassium. The acid/acid reaction to a typical methylketone proceeds roughly three times faster than the acid/aldehyde reaction, while the aldehyde/aldehyde initial reaction rate to desired methylketones is much slower; multiple aldol condensations predominate. When using acid/aldehyde feeds, water enhances ketone production, probably by supplying oxygen to the catalyst surface. While O2 can fulfill a similar role, it also promotes combustion. Substitution of D2O and CD3COOH for water and acetic acid, respectively, led to kinetic isotope effects between 1.4 and 6.7, which is in the expected range for carboxylate decompositions. Experiments at low conversion using CD3COOH and either cyclopropanecarboxylic acid or its aldehyde showed that acetone and methylcyclopropylketone are formed preferentially as five D- and two D-atom isotopomers, respectively, for both acid/acid and acid/aldehyde feeds. This suggests the formation of a surface ketene intermediate, preferentially from acetic acid, which attacks a surface carboxylate to form the ketone, eliminating CO2. The same conclusions could be drawn from 13 C distributions in experiments using labeled acetic acid.
A remark on equivariant poincaré duality

Abstract When G=S1 or S2, the periodic equivariant cohomology measures the failure of the Poincare duality isomorphism between equivariant homology and cohomology.
Pd-Mediated Activation of Molecular Oxygen: Pd(0) versus Direct Insertion

In developing environmentally benign chemistries, it is most important to use dioxygen directly in lieu of toxic and/or corrosive stoichiometric oxidants. Unfortunately, for many processes such direct oxidations have not yet become practical. To help develop such processes, we elucidate here the mechanism for the reaction of molecular oxygen with toluene-solvated palladium−hydride complex using quantum mechanics (B3LYP/LACVP** with the PBF polarizable continuum solvent model) for Pd^(II-)((−)sparteine)(H)(Cl) in the presence of base, specifically focusing on the pathways proceeding through Pd^0. The lowest barrier Pd^0 pathway proceeds through a rate-determining base-assisted deprotonation of the palladium, followed by the association of molecular oxygen and the subsequent loss of chloride, forming the corresponding η^2-peroxo−palladium complex. We also examine the spin transition and the completion of the reaction to form PdCl_2 and H_2O_2. Together with our previously published Pd−H/O_2 direct insertion mechanism, these reports provide a complete mapping of the possible pathways for reoxidation of palladium hydride with molecular oxygen. For this particular system, we conclude that direct insertion is preferred (ΔΔH⧧ = 6.2 kcal/mol, ΔΔG⧧ = 7.5 kcal/mol) and trace this preference to the bidentate character of sparteine and the lack of π-accepting ligands. Suggestions are included for how this preference can be switched.
A novel gate assist circuit for cross talk mitigation of SiC power devices in a phase-leg configuration

Silicon Carbide (SiC) power devices have inherent capability for fast switching. However, in a phase-leg configuration, high dv/dt will worsen the interference between the two devices during a switching transient (i.e., cross talk), leading to slower switching speed, excessive switching losses, and overstress of power devices. Unfortunately, due to intrinsic properties, such as low threshold voltage, low maximum allowable negative gate voltage, and large internal gate resistance, SiC power devices are easily affected by cross talk. This paper proposes a novel gate assist circuit using an auxiliary transistor in series with a capacitor to mitigate cross talk. Based on CMF20120D SiC MOSFETs, the experimental results show that the new gate assist circuit is capable of reducing the turn-on switching loss up to 19.3%, and suppress the negative spurious gate voltage within the maximum allowable negative gate voltage without the penalty of further decreasing the device switching speed. Moreover, in comparison to a conventional gate drive with -2 V turn-off gate voltage, this gate assist circuit without negative isolated power supply is more effective in improving the switching behavior of power devices in a phase-leg. The proposed gate assist circuit is a cost-effective solution for cross talk mitigation.
Thermoelectric Power of Tetrathiofulvalinium Tetracyanoquinodimethane

Measurements of the thermopower of the organic conductor tetrathiofulvalinium tetracyanoquinodimethane have been made in the region 10-300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At high temperatures ($Tg140\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K) the samples are metallic showing increased electron correlations as the temperature is lowered to about 56\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At this point the thermopower is zero and a discontinuity marks the transition to the insulating state.
Some visual influences on human postural equilibrium: Binocular versus monocular fixation

The importance of vision for postural equilibrium has long been known; traditionally, this visual contribution to the control of posture has been analyzed primarily in terms of optical and retinal phenomena. Recently, however, there has been some suggestion that binocular and monocular fixation of identical stimuli have differential effects. Three experiments were conducted in order to measure self-generated movement (sway during quiet standing) of the body’s center of gravity while field structure, ankle proprioception, and binocular/monocular fixation were varied. Field structure was varied from total darkness, to the presence of single and multiple LEDs in the dark, to full field structure (i.e., the richness of the feedback information was varied). Ankle proprioception was varied by changing foot position from side-by-side to heel-to-toe positions. Results indicate that (1) ankle-joint input is a significant factor in reducing sway, (2) binocular fixation attenuates sway relative to monocular fixation, under otherwise identical visual conditions, and (3) this difference persists in total darkness. Taken together, the data indicate that the visual influence on postural equilibrium results from a complex synergy that receives multimodal in-puts. A simple optical/retinal explanation is not sufficient.
Lunar and terrestrial impact crater spherules.

Comparisons between the chemistry of impact debris, especially spherical droplets of impact-formed material, are made for lunar samples and for soil samples taken from terrestrial impact sites. Differences are assigned to differences in the chemistry of impacting bodies and in the surface rocks, and to the influence of the atmosphere in the terrestrial cases.
On the tearing mode in quasi‐neutral sheets

For a quasi-neutral current sheet with a finite normal magnetic component the tearing mode is stabilized by the adiabatic motion of the magnetized electrons. If the current sheet is not absolutely quiescent but contains electromagnetic wave turbulence (or collisions) which pitch angle scatters the mirror-trapped electrons, the tearing mode is destabilized with a growth rate proportional to the pitch angle diffusion coefficient. For observed turbulence levels in the earth's plasma sheet the tearing growth time could be 5 min.
Improving Library Resource Discovery: Exploring the Possibilities of VuFind and Web-Scale Discovery

Like many libraries, the Bridge Consortium (the shared library of Carleton College and St. Olaf College) had outgrown the existing catalog and needed to find an improved search interface for collections. Seeking something that would work with the existing Innovative Interfaces Inc.'s Millennium integrated library system, researchers explored everything from catalog enhancements provided by Innovative Interfaces to a completely separate, Web-scale discovery tool. For the past year, they worked to implement VuFind as a catalog overlay, continually customizing and enhancing it based on user feedback. At the same time, they continued to research a broader solution and recommended a discovery tool to their consortium leadership group that they believe will redefine student research at their colleges and give new shape and direction to their consortium. By thinking of discovery as more than a product and staggering their implementation, they were better able to meet their consortium's needs. This article detail...
DNA modification by methyltransferases

Enzymatic methylation of DNA plays important roles in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Structural study of the HhaI DNA methyltransferase has provided considerable insight into the chemistry of C5-cytosine methylation. The DNA-protein complex reveals a substrate cytosine flipped out of the double helix during the reaction, and a novel two-loop DNA-binding motif used for both sequence recognition and flipping the base. Structural comparison of HhaI C5-cytosine methyltransferase, TaqI N6-adenine methyltransferase, and catechol O-methyltransferase reveals a common catalytic domain structure, which might be universal among S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases.