cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bacteriology and Weight Loss of Pork Carcasses Treated with a Sodium Hypochlorite Solution1

One hundred thirty-two pork carcasses were used with 36 of these receiving a wash with tap water and 96 receiving a wash with tap water plus 200 ppm of sodium hypochlorite. The first trial involved 16 carcasses measured for total aerobic psychrotrophs. A reduction (P<.05) in the bacterial level was found on those carcasses sprayed for 10 min with a 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution. Three additional trials involved 116 carcasses that were measured for degree of shrinkage after a 24 h chill. Shrinkage was reduced (P<.01) from a high of 2.46% for the controls to slight increases in weight for those treated for 30 min. Generally there was a linear relationship with reduction of shrinkage and length of spraying with a 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution.
Computational analysis of drug addiction epidemiology by integrating molecular mapping and social media signals

Drug abuse is amongst the most significant factors impacting the health of Americans. The dynamic nature of this problem is characterized by a number of issues including the continual penetration of novel chemical entities into the abuse-dependency cycle, recognition of dependency elicited by entities, such as opioids, that were hitherto considered to be harmless, the multistage nature of the addiction process in an individual, and finally the spread to ever-different sections of the populace. The interplay of these factors makes early identification of emerging substance use trends, studying the epidemiology, and designing effective interventions especially complex. This research seeks to ameliorate this complexity by integrating two methodological directions: molecular maps that help contextualize the chemical etiology of addiction and creation of dynamic models of addiction through extraction, modeling and analysis of human-factors related information from a relatively new source, namely, social media.
Implementing Genome-Driven Oncology

Early successes in identifying and targeting individual oncogenic drivers, together with the increasing feasibility of sequencing tumor genomes, have brought forth the promise of genome-driven oncology care. As we expand the breadth and depth of genomic analyses, the biological and clinical complexity of its implementation will be unparalleled. Challenges include target credentialing and validation, implementing drug combinations, clinical trial designs, targeting tumor heterogeneity, and deploying technologies beyond DNA sequencing, among others. We review how contemporary approaches are tackling these challenges and will ultimately serve as an engine for biological discovery and increase our insight into cancer and its treatment.
Infection of hysterectomized mice with Chlamydia muridarum and Chlamydia trachomatis

ABSTRACT We studied infection and immunity of hysterectomized mice infected with Chlamydia muridarum and Chlamydia trachomatis to determine if there were differences between these species in their ability to infect vaginal squamous epithelial cells in vivo independently of proximal upper genital tract tissues. We found that C. muridarum readily colonized and infected vaginal squamous epithelial cells, whereas C. trachomatis did not. Primary infection of the vaginal epithelium with C. muridarum produced infections of a duration longer than that reported for normal mice. Infection resulted in an inflammatory response in the vagina characterized by neutrophils and infiltrating submucosal plasma cells consisting primarily of T cells. Despite the delayed clearance, rechallenged C. muridarum-infected mice were highly immune. Mice vaginally infected with C. muridarum produced serum and vaginal wash antibodies and an antigen-specific gamma interferon-dominated Th1-biased T cell response. By comparison, mice vaginally infected with C. trachomatis exhibited transient low-burden infections, produced no detectable tissue inflammatory response, and failed to seroconvert. We discuss how these marked differences in the biology of vaginal infection between these otherwise genetically similar species are possibly linked to pathogen-specific virulence genes and how they may influence pathology and immunity in the upper genital tract.
Sulfur-Rich Caves of Southern Tabasco, Mexico

Sulfur-rich karst springs that drain middle to Late Cretaceous carbonates in southern Tabasco, Mexico, contain elevated total dissolved solids with high chloride and either high sulfide or sulfate. The mostly meteoric waters circulate along intermediate-depth flow paths, interacting with Jurassic evaporites and then mixing with shallow-circulating rainwater to produce brackish, sulfur- and NaCl-rich spring waters. Several caves, notably Cueva de Villa Luz and Cueva de Luna Azufre near Tapijulapa, are developing from these waters. Both are fed by small, warm subterranean springs that release hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide at the water–air interface. These gases combine with water vapor in the air and moisture on cave walls to form acidic solutions, which enlarge the cave passages. Speleogenesis is aided by abundant chemoautotrophic microbes that facilitate oxidation and the production of acid solutions. Cave walls and ceilings display several distinctive colonies of these microbes, notably filamentous bundles (snottites) and biovermiculations. The organisms also reside in unusual mineral deposits, including sulfur folia, sulfur crusts, and gypsum paste. Pore fluids in these deposits and growths have very low pH despite their proximity to limestone walls. Speleogenesis appears to follow a three-step process: (1) an early sulfide-rich phreatic phase; (2) a sulfide-rich, vadose–phreatic phase of chemical alteration and mechanical stoping; and (3) a tertiary sulfide-depleted phase of epigenic speleogenesis. The second phase of development dominates speleogenesis in Cuevas de Villa Luz and Luna Azufre.
County-level climate change information to support decision-making on working lands

Farmers, ranchers, and forest landowners across the USA make weather- and climate-related management decisions at varying temporal and spatial scales, often with input from local experts like crop consultants and cooperative extension (CE) personnel. In order to provide additional guidance to such longer-term planning efforts, we developed a tool that shows statistically downscaled climate projections of temperature and precipitation consolidated to the county level for the contiguous US. Using the county as a fundamental mapping unit encourages the use of this information within existing institutional structures like CE and other U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs. A “quick-look” metric based on the spatial variability of climate within each county aids in the interpretation of county-level information. For instance, relatively higher spatial variability within a county indicates that more localized information should be used to support stakeholder planning. Changes in annual precipitation show a latitudinal dipole where increases are projected for much of the northern US while declines are projected for counties across the southern US. Seasonal shifts in county-level precipitation are projected nationwide with declines most evident in summer months in most regions. Changes in the spatial variability of annual precipitation for most counties were less than 10 mm, indicating fairly spatially homogenous midcentury precipitation changes at the county level. Annual and seasonal midcentury temperatures are projected to increase across the USA, with relatively low change in the spatial variability (<0.3 °C) of temperature across most counties. The utility of these data is shown for forage and almond applications, both indicating a potential decline in production in some future years, to illustrate use of county-level seasonal projections in adaptation planning and decision-making.
DataSketch: A Tool to Turn Student Sketches into Data-Driven Visualizations

Highly visual, interactive, data-driven displays are a ubiquitous part of life. We see them on industrial interfaces, at museums, and on daily news websites. Although they are popular and visually appealing, data visualizations require specific skills and knowledge to be understood. Most K-12 curricula in the U. S. only expose learners to conventional representations such as line graphs or tables rather than more complex visualizations of this sort. This paper describes DataSketch: a tool designed to allow young learners to develop data visualization literacy by creating their own data-driven digital ink visualizations. Informed by theory and empirical research in the learning sciences, I argue that leveraging a sketch-based paradigm offers a powerful way to develop youths’ data visualization literacy by leveraging the familiarity and flexibility of drawing as an expressive medium.
Drug Hypersensitivity due to Azathioprine with Elevated Procalcitonin

We present a case of azathioprine hypersensitivity presenting as sepsis with elevated procalcitonin in a 68-year-old man with myasthenia gravis. The patient presented with fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and headache. He developed numerous 1 cm erythematous papules over his upper torso. Infectious workup including bacteriological tests and microbial cultures was negative and a skin biopsy was performed which revealed suppurative folliculitis with eosinophils, consistent with drug hypersensitivity. Notably, acute phase reactants including C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were elevated upon presentation, likely secondary to drug hypersensitivity.
Factors affecting the use of multifocal electroretinography to monitor function in a primate model of glaucoma

While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) undoubtedly plays a crucial role in many glaucoma patients, vascular dysregulation and chronic regional ischemia are also thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of glaucoma. In an effort to critically evaluate hypotheses involving vascular abnormalities in glaucoma, Cioffi, Van Buskirk and co-workers have developed a model of optic neuropathy based on chronic regional ischemia. The multifocal electroretinogram (MERG) has previously been used to assess function in non-human primates with experimental glaucoma induced by high-IOP. In this study, the MERG was used to monitor function in macaque monkeys with experimental glaucoma induced by chronic anterior optic nerve ischemia. Initial recordings from experimental eyes, which were later documented histologically to have moderate axon loss, revealed little difference from recordings of control eyes. This suggested that many of the signal components in the macaque MERG, which are known (from other studies) to be eliminated by intravitreal injections of NMDA/TTX or by high-IOP experimental glaucoma, may also be affected by the choice of anesthetic agents and MERG recording parameters. Subsequent experiments were performed to specifically evaluate the effects of bipolar versus monopolar signal derivation, anesthetic agents, MERG stimulus design and spatial scale. The results demonstrate that successful measurement of inner retinal and optic nerve head MERG components, especially those which have been shown by other investigators to originate with ganglion cell spiking activity, will depend critically upon the choice of anesthetic agents and recording parameters. One of the most important parameters seems to be use of a monopolar signal derivation, with the contralateral cornea serving as the reference position.
A Hindcast of Winds, Waves, Water Levels, and Currents During Hurricane Gloria

Measurements of waves, water levels, currents, and winds at a nearshore site on the east coast of the United States coincided with the passage of Hurricane Gloria in September 1985. These measurements are described and compared to numerical model results of winds, waves, and wave induced setup and longshore current at the site. The model hindcasts reproduce the measured wind and wave height at three locations and the wave setup and longshore current at five gages close to shore. The wave setup component is found to be a relatively small percentage (approximately 10 percent) of the total mean water level anomaly due to the storm nearshore. This is attributed to an upper limit on wave energy nearshore, controlled by the depth, which in turn results in limitation on the gradient of wave energy and hence, wave setup and wave induced longshore current.
Sharpened and Focused No Free Lunch and Complexity Theory

This tutorial reviews basic concepts in complexity theory, as well as various No Free Lunch results and how these results relate to computational complexity. The tutorial explains basic concepts in an informal fashion that illuminates key concepts. “No Free Lunch” theorems for search can be summarized by the following result:
Regulation of the Sodium Pump by Fatty Acids and Acylglycerols

Several years ago we noted that some common laboratory detergents, at low concentrations that do not solubilize the purified membrane-bound Na+/K+-ATPase, lower the apparent Km of ATP without affecting maximal velocity (4). Because this seemed to be a nonspecific effect of these amphiphiles, at the time we suggested the possibility that some endogenous amphiphiles may regulate the pump by allowing it to operate at full capacity when ATP is in short supply (4). Our subsequent studies on the interactions of the enzyme with fatty acids and their CoA esters established that these endogenous amphiphiles do indeed activate the pump when ATP is suboptimal, clarified the mechanism of this activation, and showed that there was some measure of specificity in these interactions (5–8). More recently, it occurred to us that receptor-linked regulation of the pump in some tissues may be related to direct interaction of Na+/K+-ATPase with the products of receptor-linked hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids, and we showed that monoacylglycerol (MAG), but not inositoltrisphosphateand diacylglycerol (DAG), also activates the pump when ATP is not optimal (1). Here, we present further observations on the specificities of the effects of these hydrophobic ligands on Na+/K+-ATPase.
Guilt by Association: Paradigm for Detection of Silent Aortic Aneurysms

Abstract The vast majority of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) grow without any symptoms, making detection before rupture or dissection extremely challenging. TAAs that have been diagnosed early are typically detected in patients with an existing connective tissue disorder or noted as an incidental finding on a scan done for another purpose. However, this may not be the case for much longer. Eight clinical markers have been discovered that can indicate the presence of a silent TAA intracranial aneurysms, aortic arch abnormalities, abdominal aortic aneurysms, bicuspid aortic valve, renal cysts, a positive thumb–palm test, family history of aortic disease, and giant cell arteritis. Many of these conditions are thought to share similar genetics or pathophysiology to TAA development. These clinical findings, variants, and diseases have an increased incidence in patients with thoracic aortic disease. If clinicians discover one or more of these markers in a patient, proper investigation could lead to early detection and repair of a TAA, reducing the high morbidity and mortality associated with TAAs.
Erratum: This Article Corrects: "Systemwide Clinical Ultrasound Program Development: An Expert Consensus Model".

Author(s): Strony, Robert; Marin, Jennifer R.; Bailitz, John; Dean, Anthony J.; Blaivas, Mike; Tayal, Vivek; Raio, Chris; Liu, Rachel; Woods, Aimee; Zwank, Michael; Fields, Matthew; Abo, Alyssa; Wu, Stan; Kang, Tarina; Liu, Teresa; Leo, Megan; Smalley, Courtney; Chiricolo, Jerry; Chilstrom, Mikaela; Lewiss, Resa E. | Abstract: Clinical ultrasound (CUS) is integral to the practice of an increasing number of medical specialties. Guidelines are needed to ensure effective CUS utilization across health systems. Such guidelines should address all aspects of CUS within a hospital or health system. These include leadership, training, competency, credentialing, quality assurance and improvement, documentation, archiving, workflow, equipment, and infrastructure issues relating to communication and information technology. To meet this need, a group of CUS subject matter experts, who have been involved in institution- and/or systemwide clinical ultrasound (SWCUS) program development convened. THe purpose of this paper was to create a model for SWCUS development and implementation.
Ability of IR and NMR Spectral Data to Distinguish between a Tetrel Bond and a Hydrogen Bond

The placement of a nucleophile X along the R-CH3 axis of a methyl group can be described as either a trifurcated H bond or as a tetrel bond between C and X. Quantum calculations of the vibrational and NMR spectral features of a number of systems are used to provide a framework by which to distinguish between the presence of a tetrel or H bond. Both cationic and neutral methyl-containing Lewis acids (SMe3+, NMe4+, SMe2) are paired with both neutral and anionic Lewis bases (NH3, OH2, OCHNH2, OCH3–, OH–, HCOO–). As the base is moved away from the R-CH3 axis of the Lewis acid (tetrel bond) toward a position along a CH axis (CH···X H bond), the methyl stretching frequencies shift to the red, and the bending modes shift to the blue. This modification in the geometry also causes the methyl C atom NMR chemical shielding to increase, while the methyl H atom is progressively deshielded. These changes are of sufficiently large magnitude that they should provide a means to distinguish these two bonding situations fro...
Correlation of nanoparticle size distribution features to spatiotemporal flame luminosity in gasoline direct injection engines

Particle size distribution measured by mobility instruments is a common diagnostic used to characterize ultrafine and nanoparticle emissions in engine exhaust; however, some features of particle si...
Retinoblastoma: Focal Therapy: Laser Treatment and Cryotherapy

In the management of intraocular retinoblastoma, the term “focal therapy” or “consolidation” refers to local treatment modalities such as laser, cryotherapy and brachytherapy. They can be used as primary treatment for small tumors or in conjunction with intravenous chemotherapy for larger tumors (i.e., chemoreduction followed by consolidation). Focal therapies have the inherent advantage of eradicating focal areas of tumor formation in the retina without any risk of regional or systemic side effects. In this chapter, general guidelines on the use of focal therapies are provided to assist an ophthalmic surgeon who is relatively new to the treatment of retinoblastoma. This chapter might also be of help to those ophthalmologists who would like to compare their current approach with principles and techniques used by other surgeons.
Ligand-Free Estrogen Receptor α (ESR1) as Master Regulator for the Expression of CYP3A4 and Other Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in the Human Liver

Cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform (CYP3A4) transcription is controlled by hepatic transcription factors (TFs), but how TFs dynamically interact remains uncertain. We hypothesize that several TFs form a regulatory network with nonlinear, dynamic, and hierarchical interactions. To resolve complex interactions, we have applied a computational approach for estimating Sobol's sensitivity indices (SSI) under generalized linear models to existing liver RNA expression microarray data (GSE9588) and RNA-seq data from genotype-tissue expression (GTEx), generating robust importance ranking of TF effects and interactions. The SSI-based analysis identified TFs and interacting TF pairs, triplets, and quadruplets involved in CYP3A4 expression. In addition to known CYP3A4 TFs, estrogen receptor α (ESR1) emerges as key TF with the strongest main effect and as the most frequently included TF interacting partner. Model predictions were validated using small interfering RNA (siRNA)/short hairpin RNA (shRNA) gene knockdown and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated transcriptional activation of ESR1 in biliary epithelial Huh7 cells and human hepatocytes in the absence of estrogen. Moreover, ESR1 and known CYP3A4 TFs mutually regulate each other. Detectable in both male and female hepatocytes without added estrogen, the results demonstrate a role for unliganded ESR1 in CYP3A4 expression consistent with unliganded ESR1 signaling reported in other cell types. Added estrogen further enhances ESR1 effects. We propose a hierarchical regulatory network for CYP3A4 expression directed by ESR1 through self-regulation, cross regulation, and TF-TF interactions. We also demonstrate that ESR1 regulates the expression of other P450 enzymes, suggesting broad influence of ESR1 on xenobiotics metabolism in human liver. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying role of ESR1 in P450 regulation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study focuses on identifying key transcription factors and regulatory networks for CYP3A4, the main drug metabolizing enzymes in liver. We applied a new computational approach (Sobol's sensitivity analysis) to existing hepatic gene expression data to determine the role of transcription factors in regulating CYP3A4 expression, and used molecular genetics methods (siRNA/shRNA gene knockdown and CRISPR-mediated transcriptional activation) to test these interactions in life cells. This approach reveals a robust network of TFs, including their putative interactions and the relative impact of each interaction. We find that ESR1 serves as a key transcription factor function in regulating CYP3A4, and it appears to be acting at least in part in a ligand-free fashion.
Simultaneous quantification of free fatty acids and acylcarnitines in plasma samples using dansylhydrazine labeling and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Free fatty acid (FFA) and acylcarnitine (AcCar) are key elements of energy metabolism. Dysregulated levels of FFA and AcCar are associated with genetic defects and other metabolic disorders. Due to differences in the physicochemical properties of these two classes of compounds, it is challenging to quantify FFA and AcCar in human plasma using a single method. In this work, we developed a chemical isotope labeling (CIL)–based liquid chromatography–multiple reaction monitoring (LC-MRM) method to simultaneously quantify FFA and AcCar. Dansylhydrazine (DnsHz) was used to label the carboxylic acid moiety on FFA and AcCar. This resulted in the formation of a permanently charged ammonium ion for facile ionization in positive ionization mode and higher hydrophobicity for enhanced retention of short-chain analogs on reversed-phase LC columns and enabled absolute quantification by using heavy labeled DnsHz analogs as internal standards. Labeling conditions including the concentration and freshness of cross-linker, reaction time, and temperature were optimized. This method can successfully quantify all short-, medium- and long-chain FFAs and AcCars with greatly enhanced sensitivity. Using this method, 25 FFAs and 13 AcCars can be absolutely quantified and validated in human plasma samples within 12 min. Simultaneous quantification of FFA and AcCar enabled by this CIL-based LC-MRM method facilitates the investigation of fatty acid metabolism and has potential in clinical applications.
Performance Anomaly and Change Point Detection For Large-Scale System Management

We begin by presenting a short overview of the classical Statistical Process Control based Anomaly Detection techniques and tools including Multivariate Adaptive Statistical Filtering, Statistical Exception Detection System, Exception Value meta-metric based Change Point Detection, control chart, business driven massive prediction and methods of using them to manage large-scale systems (with real examples of applying that to large financial companies) such as on-prem servers fleet, or massive clouds. Then we will turn to the presentation of modern techniques of anomaly and normality detection, such as deep learning and entropy-based anomalous pattern detections (also successfully tested against a large amount of real performance data of a large bank).
The process of infection with bacteriophage φX174. XXVI. Transfer of the parental DNA of bacteriophage φX174 into progeny bacteriophage particles

The experiments described in this paper show the following: (1) Parental DNA of bacteriophage φX174 appears as an intact molecule in a newly synthesized protein coat among the progeny phage particles. (2) This transferred parental DNA has to pass through a double-stranded state, the parental replicative form DNA, before it is released into progeny particles. (3) Cytoplasmic parental replicative form DNA rather than the membrane-associated parental replicative form DNA is the precursor for the transferred DNA. (4) Single-stranded φX DNA free of coat protein can be detected in the host cell when the infection has been started in the absence of DNA synthesis. Normally, the parental single-stranded virus DNA is rapidly converted to a double-stranded replicative form DNA. (5) The super-infection exclusion phenomenon in φX-infected cells is probably based on alterations in the host cell surface.
Attraction–repulsion taxis mechanisms in a predator–prey model

We consider a predator–prey model where the predator population favors the prey through biased diffusion toward the prey density, while the prey population employs a chemical repulsive mechanism. This leads to a quasilinear parabolic system. We first establish the global existence of positive solutions. Thereafter we show the existence of nontrivial steady state solutions via bifurcation theory, then we discuss the stability of these branch solutions. Through numerical simulation we analyze the nature of patterns formed and interpret results in terms of the survival and distribution of the two populations.
Teleneurology during the COVID-19 pandemic: A step forward in modernizing medical care.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic mandated rapid transition from face-to-face encounters to teleneurology visits. While teleneurology is regularly used in acute stroke care, its application in other branches of neurology was limited. Here we review how the recent pandemic has created a paradigm shift in caring for patients with chronic neurological disorders and how academic institutions have responded to the present need. Method Literature review was performed to examine the recent changes in health policies. Number of outpatient visits and televisits in the Department of Neurology was reviewed from Yale University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine to examine the road to transition to televisit. Results The federal government and the insurance providers extended their supports during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several rules and regulations regarding teleneurology were revised and relaxed to address the current need. New technologies for video conferencing were incorporated. The transition to televisits went smoothly in both the institutions and number of face-to-face encounters decreased dramatically along with a rapid rise in televisits within 2 weeks of the declaration of national emergency. Conclusion and relevance The need for “social distancing” during the COVID-19 pandemic has created a major surge in the number of teleneurology visits, which will probably continue for the next few months. It may have initiated a more permanent transition to virtual technology incorporated medical care.
The carboxyl-terminus of RAN translated GGGGCC nucleotide repeat expansions modulates toxicity in models of ALS/FTD

An intronic hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 causes familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This repeat is thought to elicit toxicity through RNA mediated protein sequestration and repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of dipeptide repeat proteins (DPRs). We generated a series of transgenic Drosophila models expressing GGGGCC (G4C2) repeats either inside of an artificial intron within a GFP reporter or within the 5-prime UTR of GFP placed in different downstream reading frames. Expression of 484 intronic repeats elicited minimal alterations in eye morphology, viability, longevity, or larval crawling but did trigger RNA foci formation, consistent with prior reports. In contrast, insertion of repeats into the 5-prime UTR elicited differential toxicity that was dependent on the reading frame of GFP relative to the repeat. Greater toxicity correlated with a short and unstructured carboxyl terminus in the glycine-arginine (GR) RAN protein reading frame. This change in C-terminal sequence triggered nuclear accumulation of all three RAN DPRs. A similar differential toxicity and dependence on the GR carboxyl terminus was observed when repeats were expressed in rodent neurons. The presence of the native carboxyl-termini across all three reading frames was partly protective. Taken together, these findings suggest that carboxyl terminal sequences outside of the repeat region may alter the behavior and toxicity of dipeptide repeat proteins derived from GGGGCC repeats.
Red Mud: Fundamentals and New Avenues for Utilization

Red mud is generated at a rate of up to 175.5 million tons per year. The global stockpile of red mud is near 4 billion tons. This material is hazardous with pH values from 11 to 13. Reduction of th...
戒色者的意义世界与主体建构——对一个网络社群的社会学研究 (Meaning World and Subjective Construction of an Anti-Masturbation Community: A Sociological Investigation)

Chinese Abstract: 适度自慰的无害性早已从“生物科学”的层面得以证实。但近年来，反自慰（“戒色”）的话语却在国内巨大影响，追随者已达百万。对此，中文文献对此缺少关注，而西方的相关研究在其历史和宗教的背景下的讨论，亦无法解释中国“戒色”社群中的个体化、世俗化导向。本文通过对多名“戒色”实践者的深度访谈及其所在网络社群的话语分析，探讨该社群如何在当下社会语境下挪用传统、宗教、国族等元素对“性”及“自慰”的话语进行主体建构；个体又是如何反思性地重塑自我认同及生活轨迹，进而践行另类的意义世界的。 English Abstract: The harmlessness of moderate masturbation has long been confirmed from the perspective of “biological science”. However, in recent years, the discourse of "anti-masturbation" have been greatly affected in China, and its followers have reached more than one million. However, current literature lacks attention to this very strange issue. Through in-depth interviews with several “anti-masturbation” practitioners and discourse analysis of the online community, this paper explores how the community uses traditional, religious, nationalism and other elements to frame the issue of masturbation and the social relations associated with it. The discourse of masturbation carries out the subject construction. While practitioners reflexively reshapes their self-identity and life trajectory, and then practices the alternative meaning world.
Betting on Hydrogen: Japan’s Green Industrial Policy for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

The Japanese government in 2014 unexpectedly announced plans to shift to a “Hydrogen Society” by 2050. Widespread use of hydrogen fuel cells could be an important energy storage medium that allows for the large-scale expansion of renewable energy, as well as helping to decarbonize transportation and residential sectors. While Japan’s business-government efforts on hydrogen fuel cells began in the early 1990s, the 3/11 crisis and the subsequent promotion of renewables propelled this approach to the forefront. It remains unclear whether the global fuel cell industry can overcome the many technological and market obstacles that remain, but recent developments have been encouraging. If the global industry is to succeed quickly enough to help alleviate the climate crisis, governments worldwide will need to play an active, encouraging role, though green industrial policy. Other governments, including in Europe, Korea, and China, have joined Japan in these efforts.
A Primary Care Telehealth Pilot Program to Improve Access: Associations with Patients' Health Care Utilization and Costs.

Background: The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) piloted an innovative video telehealth program called Virtual Integrated Multisite Patient Aligned Care Teams (V-IMPACT) in fiscal year (FY) 201...
AutoPCD: Learning-Augmented Indoor Point Cloud Completion

3D Point Cloud (PCD) is an efficient machine representation for surrounding environments and has been used in many applications. But a fast reconstruction of complete PCD for large environments remains a challenge. We propose AutoPCD, a machine-learning model that reconstructs complete PCDs, under sensor occlusion and poor lighting conditions. AutoPCD splits the PCD into multiple parts, approximates them by several 3D planes, and independently learns the plane features for reconstruction. We have experimentally evaluated AutoPCD in a large indoor hallway environment.
Neural networks in design and manufacturing

The roles of artificial neural networks in design and manufacturing a computer-based adaptive associative memory in support of design epsodal associative memory approach for sequencing interactive feature in process planning a self-organizing neural network for clustering part family integrated, cost-based job-shop control using artificial neural networks a neural network approach to lot sizing in closed job-shops N-Queen and crossbar switch scheduling problems multiprocessor scheduling by mean field algorithm material handling based on neural networks injection molding process control based on neural networks hierachical neural network design for stochastic process change detection and multiple step predication integration of sensors via neural networks for tool condition monitoring a supervised learning approach to cutting tool wear monitoring.
Aristophanes and the Poetics of Competition

Acknowledgments Dedication Abbreviations Proagon 1. From Thamyris to Aristophanes: the competitive poetics of the comic parabasis 2. The competitive partnership of Aristophanes and Dikaiopolis in Acharnians 3. Aristophanes' poetic tropaion: competitive didaskalia and contest records in Knights 4. Intertextual biography in the rivalry of Cratinus and Aristophanes 5. Aristophanes' Clouds-palinode 6. Dionysos and dionysia in Frogs Bibliography.
Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls. XI. Formation of the isoglutamine amide group in the cell walls of Staphylococcus aureus.

The lipid intermediates in peptidoglycan synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus, N-acetylmuramyl(-pentapeptide)-P-P-lipid and N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl(-pentapeptide)-P-P-lipid, act as acceptors of ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction in which the α-carboxyl group of glutamic acid is amidated. Procedures have been developed for the separation of the amide and the amide-free forms of the lipid intermediates, and it has been shown that the amide-free lipid intermediate can substitute for the uridine nucleotide substrates in the amidation reaction. Some properties of the reaction are reported.
The Fate of An Idea Whose Time Has Come: Antidiscrimination Law in the Second Decade after Brown v. Board of Education.

The import of Brown v. Board of Education' is not confined to school segregation. Its more general significance stems from its relationship to the idea that racial discrimination is wrong and should be outlawed. Although the idea had been advanced and debated before 1954, Brown gave it a special prominence and a special legitimacy. In a sense, it set the idea loose. The idea became the organizing principle of a civil rights movement. By early 1964, at the end of the first decade following Brown, the movement had gained considerable momentum, and its ultimate victory seemed assured. Congress had before it a civil rights bill that seemed more momentous than other post-Brown civil rights laws (the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960 being limited to voting discrimination). Public interest in the bill was unusually high due to a series of tumultuous events-the sit-ins, the March on Washington in August, 1963, and the assassination of President Kennedy, who had been identified with the civil rights movement and was the original sponsor of the legislation. The bill received the support of President Johnson and the Northern Democrats. But passage of the bill still required Republican votes to offset the opposition of southern Democrats. Then, on May 19, 1964, Senator Everett McKinley Dirksen, the Republican leader from Illinois, announced that he too was throwing his support behind the bill that he had long resisted. In his typically dramatic fashion, he borrowed a line from Victor Hugo: "No army is stronger than an idea whose time has come."2 This announcement made enactment of the bill a virtual certainty, and on July 2, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 became law. That occasion marked the end of one era-the idea set loose in Brown a decade earlier had indeed arrived-and the beginning of anotherthe one that is the focus of this essay. My concern is with this second post-Brown decade-more particularly, with the changes that the period
Making Grid Computing Real for High Performance and Enterprise Computing

Grid computing, whether used in enterprise or research/academia deployments, is the next wave of distributed computing based on open standards and using commercial-off-the-shelf building blocks. In the emerging world of the virtual Internet, grids will provide instant global access to innovative services that deliver the power of the entire Internet to mobile users anywhere, any time, via any device, online or offline. This presentation will focus on how the industry is coming together to make Grid computing the future of distributed computing, removing barriers to unbounded, unlimited interactions over the network.
Thalamic amnesia: clinical and experimental aspects.

Publisher Summary One of the most interesting and important aspects of human behavior involves learning and memory. There is no question that clinical disorders of memory not only provide syndromes that are of significant theoretical interest, but also constitute, in some patients, a source of marked disability. The alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome, for example, constitutes a clinical problem of significant magnitude. In this regard, information about the neural basis for memory, derived from clinical or experimental observations, is of considerable importance. It is the purpose of this chapter to summarize the available evidence concerning one particular type of memory disorder that has a discrete neuro-anatomical substrate—that is, thalamic amnesia. Recognition of this syndrome is of obvious clinical importance because it can occur as a result of disorders—for example, neoplasm, infarction, hemorrhage—that require prompt and accurate diagnosis and treatment. This disorder also, however, has theoretical importance in pointing toward some of the central nervous system (CNS) structures that are required for intact memory function in mammals. Previous studies on the effects of focal lesions on memory have suggested the involvement of a number of structures. These include the hippocampus, temporal lobe, temporal stem, fornix, and cerebellar nuclei. There is evidence implicating each of these areas in memory function within the mammalian brain. This chapter discusses another nuclear area, the mediodorsal thalamus, which may play a role in memory and describes the amnestic deficits that may occur as a result of relatively discrete lesions of this diencephalic region.
A predictive full chip dynamic ESD simulation and analysis tool for analog and mixed-signal ICs

We present a successfully implemented dynamic ESD simulation, verification and analysis tool, DynEsdChecker, that can simulate the ESD event on the layout containing RC extractions, can generate full chip ESD verification results, can provide user with guidelines on how to revise the design to meet the ESD design target.
Nondiscriminatory Assessment: Considerations for Gifted Education:

Nondiscriminatory assessment practices have been proposed as a model of assessment for individuals of diverse cultures who are suspected as having a disability. This paper presents the use of nondiscrimina-tory assessment practices in evaluating students of diverse cultures who may be identified as gifted. Principles and guidelines for nondiscriminatory ways of assessing students of diverse cultures who may be gifted are presented. Implications for putting nondiscriminatory assessment procedures into practice are provided.
Case studies on process sequence design in cold forming of engine valve slider and self-locking nuts

Abstract Two cases on process sequence design are presented. One describes the procedure for manufacturing an engine valve slider, and the other for self-locking nut manufacturing. They are based on experts' experience. All operations required to produce final products, from raw material are shown, and general considerations and rules for forming sequence design are explained. For engine valve sliders several upsetting processes are used preforming operations and the final product is obtained by combined forward and backward extrusion. In manufacturing of self-locking nuts special features involved in design are shown in turning the workpiece upside down during the process sequence and producing intentionally a minor crack for the final operation of piercing. In addition, both macro structure and micro structure analysis for major deformation processes are shown.
Connectionist Sentence Processing in Perspective

The emphasis in the connectionist sentence-processing literature on distributed representation and emergence of grammar from such systems can easily obscure the often close relations between connectionist and symbolist systems. This paper argues that the Simple Recurrent Network (SRN) models proposed by Jordan (1989) and Elman (1990) are more directly related to stochastic Part-of-Speech (POS) Taggers than to parsers or grammars as such, while auto-associative memory models of the kind pioneered by Longuet–Higgins, Willshaw, Pollack and others may be useful for grammar induction from a network-based conceptual structure as well as for structure-building. These observations suggest some interesting new directions for specifically connectionist sentence processing research, including more efficient representations for finite state machines, and acquisition devices based on a distinctively connectionist basis for grounded symbolist conceptual structure.
Seismic response analysis of structure–equipment systems with non‐classical damping effects

A method is presented to obtain the exact complex-valued eigenproperties of a classically damped structure and equipment system. The non-classically damped character of the combined system as well as the effect of dynamic interaction between primary structure and equipment are properly included in the calculation of these eigenproperties. It is necessary only to know the classical modal properties of the structure and, of course, the equipment characteristics. The eigenvalues are obtained as the solution of a non-linear equation which can be easily solved by the Newton–Raphson algorithm. Once the eigenvalues are known, the corresponding eigenvectors are obtained from simple closed-form expressions. The method can be used equally effectively with light as well as heavy equipment. Numerical results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method are presented. A procedure which utilizes the complex-valued eigenproperties is developed for calculating the floor response spectra directly from the ground spectra. Numerical results of floor response spectra obtained from this procedure are presented. The floor spectra calculated by this approach include the structure–equipment interaction effect.
Differences in Teamwork between Post-Secondary Classrooms and the Workplace.

This article compares the factors that affect groups of students working to complete assigned class projects and people working together in the workplace. Similar factors characterize successful teamwork whereever it occurs, just as similar factors characterize unsuccessful efforts. Highlighted here are differences between post‐secondary classrooms and workplace teams. The main purpose is for college and university instructors to recognize these differences and alter their expectations of teamwork by students accordingly.
Phase resetting of the respiratory oscillator by carotid sinus nerve stimulation in cats

1. Stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve causes an increase in inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neural activities. If central respiratory oscillation is generated by an attractor-cycle process, an increase in its activity can be caused by a centrifugal perturbation of state. We evaluated this hypothesis by comparing the respiratory oscillator's phase responses to carotid sinus nerve stimulations in cats to the phase responses of an attractor-cycle oscillator, the Bonhoeffer-van der Pol (BvP) equations, subjected to centrifugal perturbations. 2. We recorded phrenic activity in seven anaesthetized, vagotomized, glomectomized, paralysed and servo-ventilated cats. Carotid sinus nerve (CSN) stimulation with 0.5-0.8 s electrical pulse trains increased the immediate cycle period and delayed the onset of breaths after stimulation in a highly predictable manner, with the exception that strong stimuli (25 Hz, 0.25-0.90 V) caused unpredictable responses when given at the I-E or the E-I transitions. The resetting plots exhibited focal gaps corresponding to these unpredictable responses, and the size of the gaps increased with increases in the strength of CSN stimulation. Type 0 resetting was not achieved despite the large perturbations in rhythm induced by CSN stimulation. 3. Centrifugal perturbations of the BvP oscillator resulted in phase responses which were similar to those found in the animal experiments. The BvP cycle had two critical phases at which phase resetting was highly irregular and neighbouring state trajectories were highly divergent. The resetting plots had focal gaps that increased in size with increases in the strength of perturbation. The gaps did not represent true discontinuity because at higher computational resolution the resetting plots appeared to be steep but smooth portions of topological Type 1 resetting curves. 4. These studies support the concept that brief carotid sinus nerve stimulations cause a transient outward displacement of the central respiratory state away from its attractor cycle, in contrast to the unidirectional displacements that accompany midbrain reticular or superior laryngeal nerve stimulations. The findings define particular geometrical relationships between oscillatory state trajectories of the rhythm generator and perturbed state trajectories induced by inputs to the oscillator. These relationships provide a framework for developing and testing the validity of neural models of the respiratory oscillator.
Effect of Soot Particles on Corona Discharge

A study has been made on the corona charging of soot particles in diesel engine exhaust for the purpose of collection and removal of these particles. Continuous operation was achieved by a specially designed corona charger in which the insulator surfaces were kept clean by a protective film of cleaning gas. This measure prevents shorting of high voltage caused by the soot deposited on the surface of the insulators. The system makes possible a basic study of the effect of soot particles on the corona discharge, the space charge effect, and the electrical conductivity of the gas-particle mixture through experimental measurements and numerical computation.