cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMPETITION, COOPERATION, AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC RENTS: A SYNCRETIC MODEL

In this article, the notion of syncretic rent-seeking behavior is proposed to explain how firms generate economic rents through competition and cooperation. Previously, competition and cooperation have been viewed largely as opposite ends of a single continuum. By conceptualizing competition and cooperation as distinct but interrelated dimensions, we develop a four-cell typology of rent-seeking strategic behaviors. Propositions linking syncretic rent-seeking behavior, organizational competencies, and business performance are offered to guide future theory development and research efforts.
Increased expression and cellular localization of spermine oxidase in ulcerative colitis and relationship to disease activity

Background Polyamines are important in cell growth and wound repair, but have also been implicated in inflammation-induced carcinogenesis. Polyamine metabolism includes back-conversion of spermine to spermidine by the enzyme spermine oxidase (SMO), which produces hydrogen peroxide that causes oxidative stress. In ulcerative colitis (UC), levels of spermine are decreased compared to spermidine. Therefore, we sought to determine if SMO is involved in UC.
Electroweak string configurations with baryon number.

In the context of electroweak strings, the baryon number anomaly equation may be reinterpreted as a conservation law for baryon number minus helicity. Since the helicity is a sum of the link and twist numbers, linked or twisted loops of electroweak string carry baryon number. We evaluate the change in the baryon number obtained by delinking loops of electroweak [ital Z] string and show that twisted electroweak string segments may be regarded as extended sphalerons. We also suggest an alternative scenario for electroweak baryogenesis.
Anaphylactoid reaction to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used in mobilization of peripheral blood stem cell

Anaphylactoid reaction to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor used in mobilization of peripheral blood stem cell
GC/MS ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS FROM ANCIENT HEARTH RESIDUES AT THE SWAN POINT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE*

Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is used to analyse soil residues from hearth sites in Swan Point, Alaska. An experimental hearth is also prepared by burning animal bones to study the characteristics of bone fires and the lipid residues that they leave embedded in soil. Hearth soil samples are derivatized with HCI in methanol to convert bound and unbound fatty acids into methyl esters. Concentrations of saturated fatty acid methyl esters in the samples are determined and their ratios analysed. The fatty acid patterns found in ancient campfires are consistent with burning bones of large ruminants as well as monogastric herbivores.
Synchrotron X-ray techniques for fluid dynamics

X-ray diagnostics have the potential for making quantitative measurements in many flowfields where optical diagnostics are challenging, especially multiphase flows. In the past, many such measurements have been taken with laboratory-scale X-ray sources. This review describes the measurements that are possible with synchrotron X-ray sources, which can provide high-flux, tunable, monochromatic X-ray beams that cannot be created with laboratory sources. The relevant properties of X-rays and their interactions with matter are described. The types and capabilities of various X-ray optics and sources are discussed. Finally, four major X-ray diagnostics are described in detail. X-ray radiography provides quantitative measurements of density in variable-density flows. X-ray phase-contrast imaging is used to visualize multiphase flows with high spatial and temporal resolution. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy shows significant promise to study mixing in single-phase and multiphase flows. Small-angle X-ray scattering is a powerful technique to examine small-scale particles in flows.
Role of intermediate states in low-velocity friction between amorphous surfaces

Simulated sliding between an oxidized silicon tip and surface over six decades of velocity using accelerated molecular dynamics (MD) reproduces the experimental velocity dependences of the friction. Unlike in the crystalline case, as increasing forces are applied to the amorphous tip, intermediate states arise. These intermediate states serve as critical transition pathways. The emergence of such states leads to the emergence of a plateau in sliding velocity at lower sliding speeds and higher temperatures. A simple theory based on these observations successfully describes both the experimental and simulated data.
Low-power integration of on-chip nanophotonic interconnect for high-performance optoelectrical IC

In this manuscript we study the potentials of nanophotonics on-chip integration and propose a set of automation methodologies to construct low power on-chip interconnect with flexible geometry shapes. We show that with such techniques, a systematic design aid environment can be developed to generate optimized integration configurations meanwhile honoring complex sets of photonic device constraints. Due to their unique characteristics, not only do these techniques benefit the optimization of on-chip photonic networks, but also they can be efficiently applied to build low-power high-throughput application specific ICs with opto-electrical interconnection.
The Impact of Institutionalization, Politicization and Mobilization on the Direct Participation of Citizens Experiencing Poverty

Abstract. This article seeks to evaluate how democratic and deliberative the direct participation of citizens experiencing poverty is in the definition and implementation of public policies that affect them. A comparison of Belgian and Quebec processes involving persons in situation of poverty indicates that the procedural dimensions of participation (franchise, quality and accountability) are clearly strengthened by institutionalized processes and weakened when processes become politicized. However, the authenticity of the process (a dimension tied to outcomes) remains largely independent from the nature of these processes and depends instead on the mobilization of social actors and especially of anti-poverty organizations.Resume. Cette article evalue dans quelle mesure la participation directe des citoyens en situation de pauvrete a l'elaboration et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques les concernant est democratique et deliberative. Une comparaison des processus belges et quebecois de participation des personnes en situation de pauvrete demontre que les dimensions procedurales de la participation (franchise, qualite et garantie) sont clairement renforcees par l'institutionnalisation, tandis qu'elles sont affaiblies par la politisation des processus. Par ailleurs, l'authenticite du processus (une dimension liee aux resultats) reste largement independante de la nature des mecanismes et depend plutot de la mobilisation des acteurs sociaux et particulierement de celle des organisations de lutte contre la pauvrete.
Counselors' Values Profile: Implications for Counseling Ethnic Minority Clients

The authors review the empirical literature on counselors' values, describe values salient to the 4 largest ethnic minority groups in the United States, identify similarities and differences between counselors' values and those of the minority groups, and discuss implications for counseling ethnically different clients. Understanding counselors' values can lead to an examination of how these values may affect the counseling process, particularly when clients are from ethnic minority groups that may espouse differing cultural values.
Microstructure of annealed low-temperature-grown GaAs layers

The crystal structure and orientation of As precipitates in annealed low-temperature GaAs (LT-GaAs) layers have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Three types of As precipitates were identified in layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy at substrate temperatures from 180° to 210° C. In the monocrystalline LT-GaAs layers small “pseudocubic” As precipitates (2–3 nm diameter) coherent with the GaAs lattice were observed. These precipitates lose their coherency when a certain critical size is exceeded. Precipitates of similar sizes are occasionally found for which a TEM lattice image cannot be obtained. These precipitates are believed to be amorphous. Larger As precipitates with a hexagonal structure (>4 nm diameter) were also found in the layers. These hexagonal As precipitates were observed to be largest near structural defects. The effect of these precipitates on the structure and on the electronic properties of the host GaAs is discussed.
Lorazepam as an adjunct to opioid analgesics in the treatment of burn pain

Benzodiazepines are commonly used to supplement opioid analgesics in treating procedural pain during the treatment of major burn injuries. To date, no study has investigated whether benzodiazepines actually have an analgesic or anxiolytic effect in such circumstances. Seventy-nine patients admitted to a major regional burn center were randomly assigned to groups that received 1 mg of lorazepam or a placebo in addition to their standard opioid analgesics. A strong analgesic effect of lorazepam was not observed when treatment groups were compared independent of their baseline pain ratings. However when patients who had high baseline pain were compared, lorazepam resulted in a significant reduction in pain ratings (adjusted post-treatment VAS mean score = 54.28; adjusted control VAS mean score = 69.06). Trait anxiety did not predict those patients who had an analgesic effect with lorazepam, but state anxiety did prove to be a covariate with visual analogue score decreases in pain reports.
Role of tissue oxygen saturation monitoring in diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limbs

Abstract Study objective We determine the utility of tissue oxygen saturation monitoring in diagnosing necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremities. Methods We prospectively studied patients who met the criteria of soft tissue infection throughout the lower extremities by tissue oxygen saturation monitoring (with near-infrared spectroscopy) over the middle third of possible involved areas. Cases with evidence of chronic venous stasis, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and systemic hypoxia were excluded. Biceps and contralateral unaffected leg areas were measured as references. The tissue oxygen saturation reading for each area was compared with those finally diagnosed as necrotizing fasciitis and those with only simple soft tissue infection. The tissue oxygen saturation reading was presented as mean±SD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine a cutoff value of tissue oxygen saturation reading for early diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. Results Two hundred thirty-four consecutive patients were enrolled. Nineteen patients (group N) were confirmed to have necrotizing fasciitis, whereas the remaining 215 patients (group C) had only cellulitis. The tissue oxygen saturation reading measured over the biceps muscle was 86%±11% in group N and 85%±12% in group C. In group N, the leg with necrotizing fasciitis had a tissue oxygen saturation reading of 52%±18% throughout the involved site, whereas the tissue oxygen saturation reading measured in the comparative values found in group C was 84%±7% (difference 95% confidence interval [CI] 22% to 29%). After fasciotomy, the tissue oxygen saturation reading of the leg with necrotizing fasciitis returned to 82%±17% (95% CI 23% to 28% compared with prefasciotomy value) in group N. At the cutoff value of a tissue oxygen saturation reading less than 70% (area under the curve 0.883; 95% CI 0.817 to 0.949) defined by ROC curve, the test revealed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 82% to 100%), a specificity of 97% (95% CI 94% to 99%), and an accuracy of 97% (95% CI 95% to 99%). Conclusion The low tissue oxygen saturation reading values measured by near-infrared spectroscopy throughout the involved areas of the lower extremities are of value in identifying necrotizing fasciitis. This method may offer a reliable noninvasive method of assessing lower extremities at risk for necrotizing fasciitis, at least for a selected patient population.
The ethologic model of phonetic development: II. The closant curve

The ratio of closants-to-vocants (C: V), a phonetic diversity estimator proposed by the ethologic model of phonetic development, was examined to test the 'closant curve' hypothesis (Bauer, 1988). The closant curve reflects a regular increase in the ratio of consonants (closants) to vowels (vocants) in early vocal and speech productions of young children. C:V ratios were plotted for seven children's monthly vocalizations covering the period of 8 to 25 months of life. The results revealed a closant curve developmental function, reflecting a systematic increase in closant use according to chronological age. The hypothesis was further tested and validated in the vocalizations of a cross-sectional sample of 21 children. The findings support the closant curve hypothesis and the application of an ethologic model to evaluate early phonetic development.
ProteinShader: illustrative rendering of macromolecules

Cartoon-style illustrative renderings of proteins can help clarify structural features that are obscured by space filling or balls and sticks style models, and recent advances in programmable graphics cards offer many new opportunities for improving illustrative renderings. The ProteinShader program, a new tool for macromolecular visualization, uses information from Protein Data Bank files to produce illustrative renderings of proteins that approximate what an artist might create by hand using pen and ink. A combination of Hermite and spherical linear interpolation is used to draw smooth, gradually rotating three-dimensional tubes and ribbons with a repeating pattern of texture coordinates, which allows the application of texture mapping, real-time halftoning, and smooth edge lines. This free platform-independent open-source program is written primarily in Java, but also makes extensive use of the OpenGL Shading Language to modify the graphics pipeline. By programming to the graphics processor unit, ProteinShader is able to produce high quality images and illustrative rendering effects in real-time. The main feature that distinguishes ProteinShader from other free molecular visualization tools is its use of texture mapping techniques that allow two-dimensional images to be mapped onto the curved three-dimensional surfaces of ribbons and tubes with minimum distortion of the images.
Uniqueness of System Response Time for Transient Condensing Flows

The unique characteristics under consideration in this paper are encountered in condensing flows, and have to do with a system's response time for various degrees of outlet flow quality. Specifically, the system response time for condensing flows appears to increase monotonically with decreasing outlet flow quality, reaching a maximum for systems having an outlet flow quality of between 10 and 20%. The system response time then decreases for outlet flow qualities that are less than that value. These unique characteristics are predicted theoretically by system mean void fraction model. The purpose of this paper is to develop analytically the characteristics, explain the physics of the phenomena responsible, and discuss the experimental verification efforts that have thus far been carried out.
Very low density lipoproteins: Surface-volume changes during metabolism*

Removal of triglycerides from the hydrophobic interior of very low density lipoproteins causes a decrease in volume which must be accompanied by a reduction in hydrophilic surface. Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase may be responsible for this surface area reduction.
Cytokinin inhibition of respiration by cells and mitochondria of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill.

Cells of a soybean tissue strain, suspended in an aerated liquid medium, caused disappearance of p-coumaric acid from the medium and oxidation of guaiacol, benzidine, pyrogallol, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine and L-epinephrine. Both the disappearance and the oxidations were inhibited by 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at a concentration of 0.5 mM. BAP at other concentrations either promoted or inhibited oxidation of epinephrine in precisely the pattern reported earlier for the disappearance of coumarate; therefore, the disappearance of coumarate probably involves its oxidation. The effectiveness of other cytokinins in inhibiting the oxidation was studied.
Molecular mechanics study of ion binding by a cyclic pentapeptide

We have used energy minimization and harmonic analysis to study the structural and thermodynamic changes which occur upon the binding of lithium ions to the cyclic pentapeptide, cyclo-(Gly-L-Pro-Gly-D-Ala-L-Pro) (GPGAP). A number of theoretically stable vacuum configurations of uncomplexed GPGAP were found, one of which is very close to the crystal conformation determined by X-ray diffraction. Stable complexes with lithium were found where the ion binds to the carbonyl oxygen atoms of three residues. Detailed conformational information is presented for both the uncomplexed and the complexed peptide, along with an analysis of the atomic interactions which stabilize the various peptide conformations.
RFI Reduction by Control of Antenna Sidelobes

This paper describes measurements and theoretical developments on the far sidelobe or backlobe region of three basic antenna types:the horn antenna, the parabolic reflector antenna and the Luneberg lens antenna. The application is for RFI reduction with emphasis on the use of radar absorber materials. A technique for design of nulls in the Fresnel Zone of an aperture antenna is described and numerical examples represented. This technique has potential RFI application.
Intelligence and Semantic Differential Discriminability

S~rnzmary.-240 Ss, subdivided by sex, intelligence (high and low) and grade level (fourth, eig:ith and twelfth), rated 1 0 Rorschach cards on each of 1 5 semantic differentiai scales. Each S s responses were summarized by h e entropy statistic, H, as a measure of discriminabilicy. Discriminabiliry increased as a function of intelligence and of grade level, but not of sex, and there were no significant interacticns. However, further analysis showed that the relationship between intellizence and discriminabilicy only prevailed in Grades 4 and 8. Contradictions in the research literature can be resolved with some attention to sample size, age of Ss, stimulus condition, and response measures.
Integrative and excisive recombination by bacteriophage λ: Evidence for an excision-specific recombination protein

Abstract The nature of the site-specific recombination used by bacteriophage λ to integrate into and excise from the host chromosome has been studied. The specificity of these integrative and excisive recombination events was analyzed through measurements of lytic recombination between phage DNA molecules which contain the structural determinants appropriate to the two types of recombination. The results of these experiments show that an active int protein is required for both integrative and excisive recombination, but an active xis protein is probably essential only for the latter event. One type of site-specific recombination was ineffective even if active int and xis proteins were present: λgal with a phage presumed to carry the host recognition region.
Pediatric Anophthalmic Sockets and Orbital Implants: Outcomes with Polymer-Coated Implants

Purpose To compare wrapped and polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implants in children undergoing primary enucleation with no adjuvant therapies. Design Retrospective, interventional cohort study. Participants All children undergoing primary enucleation without adjuvant therapies between 1999 and 2009 at a tertiary pediatric cancer hospital. Methods Review and analysis of patient records. Main Outcome Measures Implant exposure, extrusion and migration, socket contracture, and formation of pyogenic granuloma. Results Sixty consecutive patients undergoing primary enucleation with no adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation with follow-up of at least 12 months were included. Retinoblastoma was the diagnosis in 59 eyes (98.3%). Median follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 1.0−9.3 years). Two implant sizes were used: 20 mm in 47 patients (78.3%) and 18 mm in 13 patients (21.7%). Overall, 52 patients (86.7%) had an event-free recovery. Polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implants (43/60, 71.7%), when compared with wrapped ones (17/60, 28.3%), had a trend toward greater event-free recovery (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3−7.7) and lower exposure rate (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 0.4−10.5). Conclusions The use of polymer-coated hydroxyapatite implants is associated with favorable outcomes in the pediatric population. Despite observed complications, long-term implant retention is possible in most children. Financial Disclosure(s) The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Intermediate to long-term follow-up indicates low risk of recurrence after Double HIT endoscopic treatment for primary vesico-ureteral reflux

Abstract Purpose Follow-up of patients undergoing dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection for vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is controversial. The purpose of our study was to test the hypothesis that patients undergoing the double hydrodistention‒implantation technique (Double HIT) have a higher clinical and radiographic success rate. Materials and methods Patients undergoing Double HIT endoscopic injection for VUR were prospectively identified. Patients underwent an ultrasound at 6 weeks to assess the implants, and, if visible, prophylactic antibiotics were discontinued and patients were scheduled for a 1-year voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). Radiographic success was defined as a negative VCUG and clinical success as no febrile urinary tract infections at 1 year. Results A total of 54 patients underwent endoscopic injection for VUR. Twenty-five (51%) were compliant with the 1 year follow-up; 18 non-compliant patients were contacted and their clinical status assessed. Thirty patients eventually completed the 1-year VCUG at a mean of 12.2 months (range 10–20). Among the 60% of patients with 1-year radiographic follow-up, 2 had persistent VUR for a radiologic success rate of 93%. All radiographic failures were infection-free. Of the 80% (43/54) of patients with available clinical data, 3 (7%) had afebrile UTI for a clinical success rate of 93%. Conclusions The Double HIT leads to a 93% clinical and 93% radiographic intermediate/long-term success rate. With this technique, better outcomes were achieved with fewer recurrences than previously reported. These favorable results challenge the need for postoperative VCUG in asymptomatic patients after the Double HIT.
The Nurse Theorists: 21st Century Updates—Martha E. Rogers

This edited transcript of an interview with Rogerian scholars Elizabeth Ann Manhart Barrett, Violet M. Malinski, and John R. Phillips presents their thoughts about the contributions of Martha E. Rogers’ science of unitary human beings to the current state of the discipline of nursing and the emergence of the unitary perspective in nursing and other sciences, as well as the implications of the science of unitary human beings for nursing research, education, administration, and practice.
Mechanized Certification of Secure Hardware Designs

We develop a framework for mechanized certification of secure hardware systems built out of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components purchased from untrusted vendors. Certification requires a guarantee that the fabricated system satisfies the requisite safety and security properties. Our framework facilitates this by (1) providing an unambiguous description of the requirements specification in a formal, computational logic, (2) a formalized hardware description language (HDL) to describe the implementation, and (3) mechanical tools and techniques for providing a certification of correctness and security. We illustrate the use of the framework in certifying the correctness and security properties of the net list implementation of a voting machine using the ACL2 theorem prover.
The Buddhist Monkhood, the Law, and the State in Colonial Sri Lanka

Neither the unremitting imposition of alien ways nor the faithful preservation of local ones, colonialism proceeds by the melding of imperial practices with indigenous social forms, creating new arrangements that look like old ones. Moreover, colonialism is an intersubjective, interpractical relationship; as a growing number of historical and anthropological studies have shown, the natives are unlikely to be passive receivers of imposed forms. However difficult their circumstances, the colonized busily construe and misconstrue the colonizers and their social practices, manipulating both to their own advantage. What follows is a “working misunderstanding.”
The Dark Side of Forgiveness: The Tendency to Forgive Predicts Continued Psychological and Physical Aggression in Marriage:

Despite a burgeoning literature that documents numerous positive implications of forgiveness, scholars know very little about the potential negative implications of forgiveness. In particular, the tendency to express forgiveness may lead offenders to feel free to offend again by removing unwanted consequences for their behavior (e.g., anger, criticism, rejection, loneliness) that would otherwise discourage reoffending. Consistent with this possibility, the current longitudinal study of newlywed couples revealed a positive association between spouses' reports of their tendencies to express forgiveness to their partners and those partners' reports of psychological and physical aggression. Specifically, although spouses who reported being relatively more forgiving experienced psychological and physical aggression that remained stable over the first 4 years of marriage, spouses who reported being relatively less forgiving experienced declines in both forms of aggression over time. These findings join just a few others in demonstrating that forgiveness is not a panacea.
Magnus forces on spinning supersonic cones. II - Inviscid flow

The numerical solution of steady, three-dimensional, inviscid, supersonic flows is applied to the calculation of Magnus forces on spinning cones at angle of attack. The Magnus force is made up of several contributions. The contribution of the asymmetrical boundary-layer displacement-thickness interaction with the inviscid flowfield is considered here. Three-dimensional, laminar boundary-layer solutions for the spinning cone were obtained by methods described in Part I of this paper. The displacement-thickness contribution to the Magnus force is calculated by solving the complete inviscid flowfield over body shapes obtained by adding the three-dimensional displacement thickness to the cone radius. The gasdynamic equations are solved by applying MacCormack's second-order shock-capturing finite-difference technique. Special precautions had to be taken, in both finitedifferencing and in applying the surface boundary conditions, to maintain enough significant digits in the pressure calculation, since the Magnus force is as small as one part in 300 of the normal force for some cases considered. The displacement-thickness contribution to the Magnus force, along with three other contributions described in Part I of this paper, are summarized here in Part II. The considerable cancellation effect observed among the four contributions shows that all of the components must be included if accurate predictions of the Magnus force are to be obtained.
Neutral and ionic complexes of C60 with metal dibenzyldithiocarbamates. Reversible dimerization of C60*- in ionic multicomponent complex [Cr(I)(C6H6)2*+].(C60*-).0.5[Pd(dbdtc)2].

New molecular complexes of C 6 0 with metal(II) dibenzyldithiocarbamates, M(dbdtc) 2 .C 6 0 .0.5(C 6 H 5 Cl), where M = Cu", Ni", Pd", and Pt" (1-4) and an ionic multicomponent complex [Cr I (C6H6) 2 . + ].(C 6 0 . - ).0.5[Pd(dbdtc) 2 ] (5) (Cr-(C 6 H 6 ) 2 : bis(benzene)chromium) were obtained. According to IR, UV-visible-NIR, and EPR spectra, 1-4 involve neutral components, whereas 5 comprises neutral Pd(dbdtc) 2 and C 6 0 . - and Cr I (C 6 H 6 ) 2 . + radical ions. The crystal structure of 5 at 90 K reveals strongly puckered fullerene layers alternating with those composed of Pd(dbdtc) 2 . The Cr I (C 6 H 6 ) 2 . + radical cations are arranged between the layers. Fullerene radical anions form pairs within the layer with an interfullerene C...C contact of 3.092(2) A, indicating their monomeric state at 90 K. This contact is essentially shorter than the sum of van der Waals radii of two carbon atoms, and consequently, C 6 0 . - can dimerize. According to SQUID and EPR, single-bonded diamagnetic (C 6 0 - ) 2 dimers form in 5 below 150-130 K on slow cooling and dissociate above 150-170 K on heating. The hysteresis was estimated to be 20 K. For the (C 6 0 - ) 2 dimers in 5, the dissociation temperature is the lowest among those for ionic complexes of C 6 0 (160-250 K). Fast cooling of the crystals within 10 min from room temperature down to 100 K shifts dimerization temperatures to lower than 60 K. This shift is responsible for the retention of a monomeric phase of 5 at 90 K in the X-ray diffraction experiment.
Banking Intelligence: Application of data warehouse in bank operations

Along with the development of information technology, business intelligence plays an important role in the bank operation process. Bank Intelligence is a method of storing and presenting key bank business data so that anyone in the bank can quickly and easily ask questions of accurate and timely data. In a bank network, hundreds of millions of customer data records are generated daily. The growing competition and increased speed of business changes has dramatically shown the need for bank intelligence. In this paper, we propose an data warehouse based bank intelligence framework and implementation. Specifically, we introduce the application of data warehouse in the analysis of bank customer data and bank branch data. This paper also summarizes experiences and results of applying this this solution into real-world applications. Our results has revealed the simplicity and power of OLAP-based solutions to scalable bank intelligence.
Surgical repair of anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery

OBJECTIVES: Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA) is a rare congenital heart defect that has been associated with myocardial ischaemia and sudden death. There is an ongoing controversy over the indications for surgical intervention and the efficacy of that treatment compared with the natural history. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the medium-term results of surgical repair of AAOCA. METHODS: Seventy-six patients underwent surgical repair of AAOCA at our institution from 1999 to 2013. There were 55 males and 21 females, and the median age at surgery was 15 years. Forty-seven (62%) of the 76 patients had an anomalous right coronary artery, 27 had an anomalous left coronary and 2 had an eccentric single coronary ostia. Forty-one patients had preoperative symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. RESULTS: Surgical repair was accomplished by unroofing of an intramural coronary in 55, reimplantation in 7 and pulmonary artery translocation in 14. There has been no early or late mortality, with a median duration of follow-up of 6 years. One patient presented with severe myocardial ischaemia and subsequently underwent heart transplantation a year following AAOCA surgery. The remaining patients have all remained free of cardiac symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study demonstrate two major principles. First, surgical repair of AAOCA is quite safe in centres that take care of a significant number of patients with this entity. Secondly, the surgery is highly effective in eliminating symptoms of myocardial ischaemia. The growing amount of data on postoperative patients suggests that surgical repair can prevent the adverse events seen in the untreated ‘natural’ history. Based on these observations, it is our current recommendation that all teenagers identified with AAOCA should undergo surgical repair.
Interleukin (IL)-15 and IL-7 jointly regulate homeostatic proliferation of memory phenotype CD8+ cells but are not required for memory phenotype CD4+ cells.

The overall size and composition of the pool of naive and memory T cells are tightly regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. Recent work has shown that homeostasis of naive T cells is controlled by two factors, self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide ligands and a cytokine, interleukin (IL)-7. In particular, contact with these two factors is required for naive CD4+ and CD8+ cells to undergo “homeostatic” proliferation, i.e., proliferation induced as a consequence of severe T cell depletion. In contrast to naive T cells, the factors that drive memory T cells to undergo homeostatic proliferation are poorly understood. To address this issue, purified memory phenotype CD4+ and CD8+ cells from normal mice were adoptively transferred into various gene-knockout mice rendered T cell–deficient by sublethal irradiation. Three findings are reported. First, unlike naive T cells, homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells is largely MHC independent. Second, memory CD8+ cells can utilize either IL-7 or IL-15 to undergo homeostatic proliferation; however, in the absence of both IL-7 and IL-15, homeostatic proliferation fails to occur. Third, unlike memory CD8+ cells, homeostatic proliferation of memory CD4+ cells is independent of IL-7 and IL-15 (also IL-4). Thus, the homeostatic proliferation mechanisms that control memory CD8+ cells and memory CD4+ cells are quite distinct.
Implementation of neural networks on massive memory organizations

Simulations of artificial neural networks (ANNs) on serial machines have proved to be too slow to be of practical significance. It was realized that parallel machines would have to be used to exploit the inherent parallelism in these models. The SIMD architecture presented has n PEs and n/sup 2/ memory modules arranged in an n*n array. This massive memory is used to store the weights of the neural network being simulated. It is shown how networks with sparse connectivity among neurons can be simulated in O((n+e)/sup 1/2/) time, where n is the number of neurons and e the number of interconnections in the network. Preprocessing is carried out on the connection matrix of the sparse network, resulting in data movement that has an optimal asymptotic time complexity and a small constant factor. >
Engineering the Monomer Composition of Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have received considerable interest as renewable-resource-based, biodegradable, and biocompatible plastics with a wide range of potential applications. We have engineered the synthesis of PHA polymers composed of monomers ranging from 4 to 14 carbon atoms in either the cytosol or the peroxisome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by harnessing intermediates of fatty acid metabolism. Cytosolic PHA production was supported by establishing in the cytosol critical beta-oxidation chemistries which are found natively in peroxisomes. This platform was utilized to supply medium-chain (C6 to C14) PHA precursors from both fatty acid degradation and synthesis to a cytosolically expressed medium-chain-length (mcl) polymerase from Pseudomonas oleovorans. Synthesis of short-chain-length PHAs (scl-PHAs) was established in the peroxisome of a wild-type yeast strain by targeting the Ralstonia eutropha scl polymerase to the peroxisome. This strain, harboring a peroxisomally targeted scl-PHA synthase, accumulated PHA up to approximately 7% of its cell dry weight. These results indicate (i) that S. cerevisiae expressing a cytosolic mcl-PHA polymerase or a peroxisomal scl-PHA synthase can use the 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A intermediates from fatty acid metabolism to synthesize PHAs and (ii) that fatty acid degradation is also possible in the cytosol as beta-oxidation might not be confined only to the peroxisomes. Polymers of even-numbered, odd-numbered, or a combination of even- and odd-numbered monomers can be controlled by feeding the appropriate substrates. This ability should permit the rational design and synthesis of polymers with desired material properties.
The influence of wing-wake interactions on the production of aerodynamic forces in flapping flight

We used two-dimensional digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to visualize flow patterns around the flapping wing of a dynamically scaled robot for a series of reciprocating strokes starting from rest. The base of the wing was equipped with strain gauges so that the pattern of fluid motion could be directly compared with the time history of force production. The results show that the development and shedding of vortices throughout each stroke are highly stereotyped and influence force generation in subsequent strokes. When a wing starts from rest, it generates a transient force as the leading edge vortex (LEV) grows. This early peak, previously attributed to added-mass acceleration, is not amenable to quasi-steady models but corresponds well to calculations based on the time derivative of the first moment of vorticity within a sectional slice of fluid. Forces decay to a stable level as the LEV reaches a constant size and remains attached throughout most of the stroke. The LEV grows as the wing supinates prior to stroke reversal, accompanied by an increase in total force. At stroke reversal, both the LEV and a rotational starting vortex (RSV) are shed into the wake, forming a counter-rotating pair that directs a jet of fluid towards the underside of the wing at the start of the next stroke. We isolated the aerodynamic influence of the wake by subtracting forces and flow fields generated in the first stroke, when the wake is just developing, from those produced during the fourth stroke, when the pattern of both the forces and wake dynamics has reached a limit cycle. This technique identified two effects of the wake on force production by the wing: an early augmentation followed by a small attenuation. The later decrease in force is consistent with the influence of a decreased aerodynamic angle of attack on translational forces caused by downwash within the wake and is well explained by a quasi-steady model. The early effect of the wake is not well approximated by a quasi-steady model, even when the magnitude and orientation of the instantaneous velocity field are taken into account. Thus, the wake capture force represents a truly unsteady phenomenon dependent on temporal changes in the distribution and magnitude of vorticity during stroke reversal.
Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 isoforms in vitro by zafirlukast.

Zafirlukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist used to treat allergic and exercise-induced asthma. This in vitro study used human liver microsomes to evaluate the inhibitory activity of zafirlukast versus six human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. Zafirlukast (0-250 microM) was co-incubated with fixed concentrations of index substrates. Zafirlukast inhibited the hydroxylation of tolbutamide (CYP2C9; mean IC(50)=7.0 microM), triazolam (CYP3A; IC(50)=20.9 microM) and S-mephenytoin (CYP2C19; IC(50)=32.7 microM), and was a less potent inhibitor of phenacetin O-deethylation (CYP1A2; IC(50)=56 microM) and dextromethorphan O-demethylation (CYP2D6; IC(50)=116 microM). Zafirlukast produced negligible inhibition of CYP2E1. In vitro inhibition of CYP2C9 by zafirlukast is consistent with clinical studies showing impaired clearance of S-warfarin and enhanced anti-thrombotic effects, although the in vitro IC(50) value is higher than the usual range of clinically relevant plasma concentrations. Zafirlukast deserves further clinical study as an inhibitor of other CYP2C9 substrates such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, tolbutamide, phenytoin and mestranol. Clinically important inhibition by zafirlukast of other CYP isoforms is not established.
Initial behavioural responses of Aphis gossypii to defined deposits of bifenthrin on chrysanthemum

Abstract Uniformly sized droplets (60–160 μm in-flight diameter) of bifenthrin were applied to the abaxial surface of portions of chrysanthemum leaves. Adult Aphis gossypii were exposed to the freshly dried deposits and their activity during the next 20 min was video-taped using a camera placed beneath the treated area. On unsprayed or water-sprayed control leaves very little movement was recorded (mean distance walked ∼0·5 cm aphid−1) but aphids walked >2·0 cm during the exposure period in response to particular combinations of droplet size, droplet density and concentration of active ingredient (a.i.). Records of distance walked described the data satisfactorily, in most cases, when regression analysis was performed to show the effect of changing droplet density at each drop size and concentration combination. However, the description was improved when the number of aphids that moved during the experimental period, and the number that walked or dropped off the treated area, were also used to derive an irritancy index. Using this index, it was established that the irritancy was not dose dependent as a 50-fold range in quantity of a.i. cm−2 elicited the same response when presented to the aphids in deposits of different quality. However, there was some evidence for a minimum effective dose at the lowest concentration. The implications of these data are discussed in relation to the dose transfer process and the longer-term effects of sub-lethal behavioural responses.
Reproductive assessment of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) following a four-week fluoxetine (SSRI) exposure

The occurrence of environmental pharmaceutical products has recently received considerable attention, but impacts on the aquatic environment are largely unknown. Fluoxetine is a widely prescribed antidepressant and acts physiologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). To determine its potential to disrupt teleost reproductive function, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to fluoxetine at aqueous nominal concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5 μg/L for 4 weeks. The last 14 days of this exposure included a reproductive assessment in which no significant changes were observed in egg production, rate of fertilization and spawning, or hatching success of fertilized eggs. A low incidence (1.97–2.53%; 4.02–5.16-fold greater than controls) of developmental abnormalities was observed in offspring from all fluoxetine treatments. Adult gonadal somatic index, hepatic vitellogenin, and ex vivo gonadal steroidogenesis were also unaffected. Circulating plasma estradiol levels in females were significantly increased by 0.1 and 0.5 μg/L treatments. Our study provides novel information on fish biochemical, physiological, and reproduction responses to environmentally realistic fluoxetine concentrations.
Doing cognitive neuroscience: A third way

The “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches have been thought to exhaust the possibilities for doing cognitive neuroscience. We argue that neither approach is likely to succeed in providing a theory that enables us to understand how cognition is achieved in biological creatures like ourselves. We consider a promising third way of doing cognitive neuroscience, what might be called the “neural dynamic systems” approach, that construes cognitive neuroscience as an autonomous explanatory endeavor, aiming to characterize in its own terms the states and processes responsible for brain-based cognition. We sketch the basic motivation for the approach, describe a particular version of the approach, so-called ‘Dynamic Causal Modeling’ (DCM), and consider a concrete example of DCM. This third way, we argue, has the potential to avoid the problems that afflict the other two approaches.
Bioinformatics and Management Science: Some Common Tools and Techniques

In April of 2003,Science (2003) andNature (2003) published special issues marking two significant achievements in the history of science: the 50th anniversary of discovering the double helical structure of the DNA, and the completion of the Human Genome Project. The first discovery led to a new age in genetics, and the second event marked the beginning of a new era that uses the genome in medicine. The international efforts to determine the human DNA sequence and assess its ethical, legal, and social implications started in 1990. Since then, the data from the project has been available in public databases for researchers and scientists around the world. The vast increase in biological data led to increasing interest in computational biology and an emerging multidisciplinary research area known as bioinformatics. Most people working in this area have mathematics, biology, biochemistry, or computer science backgrounds and have learned about the field by using tools from another discipline to answer questions in biology. The current challenge is to utilize the genome data to its full extent and to develop tools that improve our understanding of biological pathways and accelerate drug discovery. Many of the algorithms needed to solve these problems have management science and operations research aspects. This paper introduces some of the fundamental problems in bioinformatics to an operations research audience and demonstrates the application of management science tools in their formulation and solution.
DIFFERENTIAL ASSESSMENTS OF “BLINDISMS”

“Blindisms” refers to repetitive or bizarre behaviors occurring in the blind population. Often seen as inevitable, their etiology and psychological significance has received little attention. A longitudinal study of infants blind from birth offers examples of adaptive, transitory, and pathologically fixated “blindisms” with etiology comparable to related behaviors in sighted children.
Binding of Thyroid Hormone by Human Erythrocyte Cytosol Proteins

Gel filtration (G-100, 0.01 M Tris, pH 7.4) of post-100,000 x g supernatant from lysate of washed human erythrocytes (RBC) revealed 3 fractions (R-1, R-2, R-3) which bound labeled T3 and T4. Major peak R-2 emerged with the mehoglobin fraction (A560 nm) and binding by this fraction was partially dissociable; the dissociable site bound D-T4, but not tetraidothyroacetic acid or reverse T3. Non-dissociable binding characterized peaks R-1 and R-3. R-1, R-2, and R-3 were pronase-digestible and R-1 binding was acid-unstable (pH 6.8 vs. 7.4). Evidence developed herein and elsewhere indicates that hemoglobin, itself, accounts for the binding within fraction R-2. Intact RBCs maintained for 72 hr at 4C in buffer enriched with T3 or T4 showed progressive incorporation with time of iodothyronines into the hemoglobin fraction.
Laundering the Proceeds of Public Sector Corruption

While much has been written about how anti-money laundering laws might be used to prevent or uncover official corruption there has been little empirical analysis of actual cases. Such an examination suggests that there are a number of recurring patterns of corruption that do not involve cash. These patterns suggest ways in which financial institutions might better detect the laundering of official corruption.