cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A possible pole problem in the formula for klystron gap fields

It is noted that a pole may be encountered, in rare cases, in a previously published solution for the fields in a klystron gap. Formulas are given which allow the critical combinations of parameters to be identified. It is found that the region of inaccuracy surrounding the pole is so small that a 1-percent change in the field shaping parameter is sufficient to avoid it, with negligible error resulting.
Identification of Proton-Coupled High-Affinity Human Intestinal Folate Transporter Mutated in Human Hereditary Familial Folate Malabsorption

The human folate transporter of the small intestine has been identified and characterized. It functions optimally at the low pH (6.0-6.2) characteristic of the microenvironment of the duodenal brush border membrane, where dietary folates are mainly absorbed. The transporter, named PCFT/HCP1, is a protein of approximately 50 kDa and functions as a reversible, electrogenic, proton-coupled high-affinity folate transporter (PCFT). It shows high specificity for folates and anti-folates. This protein was previously identified as an intestinal heme carrier protein HCP1. Patients suffering from hereditary familial folate malabsorption were found to be homozygous for a mutation of the PCFT/HCP1 gene due to loss of a particular exon coding for 28 amino acids.
Prophylactic Indomethacin Reduces Grades III and IV Intraventricular Hemorrhages when Compared to Early Indomethacin Treatment of a Patent Ductus Arteriosus

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative risk of severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) between two very early indomethacin treatment strategies. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of infants <29 weeks gestation and <1350 g who received either indomethacin prophylaxis or very early echocardiography with indomethacin treatment only if the ductus arteriosus was patent. RESULTS: A total of one hundred and two infants received prophylactic indomethacin (pINDO). Echochardiography was performed on 158 infants, of whom 117 received indomethacin. Infants receiving pINDO had lower gestational age, but similar birth weight, gender, race, antenatal steroid exposure, delivery mode, Apgar scores, and need for resuscitation as infants evaluated by echocardiography. Grades III to IV IVH was observed less frequently in infants who received pINDO (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.77, p=0.014). Frequency of side effects and recurrent patent ductus arteriosus did not differ between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: pINDO reduces severe IVH when compared to an early echocardiography strategy.
Exposure to Both Radiation and Chemotherapy Increases the Risk of Barrett’s and Multilayered Epithelium

The relationship between radiation and/or chemotherapy and the development of Barrett’s and/or multilayered epithelium has not been investigated before. We ascertained a group of patients exposed to radiation and/or chemotherapy and an unexposed group to compare the prevalence rates of Barrett’s epithelium and multilayered epithelium at the time of endoscopy in these two groups. Barrett’s epithelium was found in ten of the 19 (53%) exposed patients, compared to eight of 38 (21%) unexposed subjects (P = 0.02). Six of 19 (32%) exposed patients had multilayered epithelium, compared to four of 38 (11%) unexposed subjects (P = 0.06). Twelve of the 19 exposed patients (63%) had either Barrett’s or multilayered epithelium, in contrast to ten of 38 (26%) unexposed subjects (P = 0.01). Those with exposure to both chemotherapy and radiation had a significant increase in the risk for Barrett’s and/or multilayered epithelium (P = 0.003). This study suggests a relationship between exposure to a combination of radiation and chemotherapy and the development of Barrett’s and/or multilayered epithelium.
Film Cooling With Injection Through Holes: Adiabatic Wall Temperatures Downstream of a Circular Hole

Experiments to determine film cooling with air injection through holes into turbulent air boundary layer on flat plate
Analytic Reviews : Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy:

The physiological effects of hyperbaric oxygen extend beyond the elevation of oxygen concentration in body tissues, and clinical data is available to support its use in more than gas bubble diseases. Hyperbaric medicine is discussed within the context of its recognized mecha nisms of action. The experimental data and clinical ex perience for hyperbaric oxygen therapy are reviewed for the following conditions: clostridial myonecrosis, necrotizing soft-tissue infections, chronic refractory os teomyelitis, radiation necrosis, refractory cutaneous ul cerations, compromised skin grafts and flaps, crush in jury and acute peripheral ischemia, carbon monoxide poisoning, arterial gas embolism, decompression sick ness, and thermal burns. Risks associated with hyper baric oxygen therapy are discussed, and cost analysis data are noted for specific conditions.
The variational theory of the plane motion of the extensible elastica

Abstract From a variational formulation, equations of motion and constitutive relations are derived for an extensible elastica executing a plane motion. The conditions which cause the separation of the action density into kinetic and potential energies are investigated, and some problems are solved.
Exploring Practical Knowledge: A Case Study of an Experienced Senior Tennis Performer

Abstract The purpose of the study was to explore sport-related practical knowledge through the perceptions and experiences of a senior adult competitive tennis performer. Practical knowledge was defined as goal oriented, experiential knowledge developed within particular physical activity settings. Data were collected through formal interviews and participant observation and analyzed through narrative inquiry and conventional coding techniques. The data suggest that the tennis environment was perceived in terms of the opportunities afforded by that environment. Specifically, the participant's practical knowledge centered on performance capabilities and strategic planning that revealed opponent limitations. This knowledge appeared to be developed and expressed within the relationships among individual capabilities, the task, and the situated context of game play.
Corticosterone increases serotonin type-3 receptor mRNA in rat pheochromocytoma-12 cells

Abstract Serotonin type-3 (5-HT3) receptors are cation permeable membrane receptors which are involved in modulation of calcium entry in neuronal cells. Along with other ion-channels such as the N -methyl- d -aspartate receptor, it appears to be a target for the actions of ethanol and has been the focus of considerable work in this regard. Since in animals, ethanol exposure results in elevations of corticosteroids in both acute and chronic conditions, we studied the effects of both ethanol and corticosteroid exposure on 5-HT3 gene expression in an in situ pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cell model. We found that ethanol exposure alone (80 mM×4 days) did not significantly alter target gene expression. Corticosterone (CORT) (50, 150, and 300 ng/ml) resulted in significant increases in 5-HT3 expression which were attenuated by mifeprestone (50 ng/ml). Ethanol in combination with CORT did not significantly alter the increase in 5- HT3 mRNA seen with CORT alone. We conclude that in PC12 cells, exposure to CORT at physiologically relevant concentrations increases 5-HT3 gene expression.
GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY MOUSE CELLS (NCTC CLONE 929) UNDER CONDITIONS OF DEFINED NUTRITION.

Clone 929 mouse cells were grown in a nutrient medium deficient in bicarbonate. The cells were exposed to specifically labeled 14C glucose and some of the radioactive products of metabolism were identified and measured. The cells metabolize initially one-fifth to one-quarter of the consumed glucose by the pentose pathway. They utilize the remainder of the sugar principally by the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. Lactic acid and alanine are discharged into the medium in relatively large amounts. Further oxidation of some of the glycolytic products proceeds by the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle, from which glutamic acid is formed and accumulates. When the nutrient medium is deficient in the amino acids of close proximity to the Krebs cycle the 14C-glucose is metabolized in such a way that radioactive carbon dioxide and lactic acid accumulate more extensively and the amino acids less extensively than they do in the complete medium.
An Adduct Between Tetraammine(1,10‐phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) and Dibenzo‐42‐crown‐14

The crystal structure of the adduct dibenzo-42-crown-14 (OC-6-22)-tetraammine(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N')-ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluorophosphate) dichloromethane solvate, [Ru(C 12 H 8 N 2 )(NH 3 ) 4 ] (PF 6 ) 2 .C 36 H 56 O 14 .CH 2 Cl 2 , is reported. The guest Ru complex is located deep within the U-shaped cavity formed by folding of the flexible crown host. The ammine ligands of the Ru complex participate in an extensive network of hydrogen bonds with the ether O atoms of the crown. Weak π stacking appears to occur between the aromatic rings of the phenanthroline ligand and the benzene groups of the crown ether.
Optical absorption spectra of gold nano-clusters in potassium borosilicate glass

Optical absorption spectra for gold particles grown in two different potassium borosilicate glasses at 600 °C were measured. In the more viscous glass, only extremely small particles formed by nucleation of gold atoms in the glass. In the less viscous glass, the particles nucleated and grew to larger sizes, forming a plasmon absorption band. Particles sizes were calculated from the optical absorption spectra, and the diffusion coefficient of gold in the glass was also calculated. A transmission electron micrograph (TEM) showed a distribution of particle sizes resulting from both nucleation and growth of the particles. The influence of this size distribution on kinetics of growth and the optical absorption spectra was discussed.
Investigation of the disparity between New York City and national prevalence of nonspecific psychological distress among Hispanics.

INTRODUCTION In New York City, the age-adjusted prevalence of nonspecific psychological distress (NPD) among Hispanics is twice that of non-Hispanic whites; nationally, there is little Hispanic-white disparity. We aimed to explain the pattern of disparity in New York City. METHODS Data came from the 2006 National Health Interview Survey and 2006 Community Health Survey in New York City. Respondents with scores higher than 12 on the K6, a brief scale used to screen for mental health disorders, were defined as having NPD. Multivariate analyses controlled for Hispanic ancestry, socioeconomic status (education, employment, and income), nativity, language of interview, and health characteristics. RESULTS In New York City, the disparity between Hispanics and whites was fully explained after accounting for the disproportionate concentration of low socioeconomic status among Hispanics (odds ratio for NPD, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.60-1.11). These factors also partially accounted for differences between Hispanics in New York City and the United States, but the prevalence of NPD overall in New York City remained elevated relative to the United States. CONCLUSION Elevated NPD prevalence among New York City Hispanics was primarily attributable to large disparities in socioeconomic status; differences between New York City and the United States remained but were not specific to Hispanics. Interventions in New York City aimed at addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health may overlap with those addressing socioeconomic inequalities. Further study into the higher overall prevalence of NPD in New York City will be necessary to inform the design and targeting of interventions.
The Center for Medical Education and Innovation at Riverside.

The Center for Medical Education and Innovation (CME I) is a state-of-the-art simulation center for the education of medical students, residents, practicing physicians, nurses, and allied health care providers. It was developed through the Department of Medical Education at Riverside Methodist Hospital using funds from the Medical Education Foundation and opened in June 2005. Since then, it has trained thousands of health care professionals.
The stored energy of copper deformed at 24°C☆

Abstract An investigation was made of the effect of grain size on the stored energy of polycrystalline copper using a liquid-gas calorimeter operating at 24°C. At a strain of 0.3, an increase in grain size by a factor of ten decreases the stored energy about 1 cal/mole. A comparison with earlier results indicates the effect of strain rate on the stored energy to be small. It is believed that recovery prior to recrystallization will release about half the stored energy, and this would explain some of the disagreement in the published literature. It is shown that a reasonable fraction, initially a third, of the flow stress is required for the creation of the dislocations which remain after deformation.
Neural network noniterative learning and identification of static features and their dynamic variations in very similar patterns

When a 2D binary image, e.g., the edge-detected boundary of a feature E1 (e.g., the left eye) in a digital image IM1 (e.g., the digital facial picture of a person P1), is allowed to vary between two extreme boundary curves C11 and C12 (e.g., C11 is the boundary curve of the left eye of P1 when he is wearing a serious facial expression, and C12 is that of P1 when he is wearing a beamingly smile expression), we can then select the center of mass (CM) points of the curves and obtain two radial functions to represent these two curves: R11 = f11(theta), R12=f12(theta) where R11, R12, are the radial coordinates of C11, C12 at angle theta with the (polar) coordinates centered at the CM point. Similarly, for a similar IM2 (of a person P2), we can obtain similar boundary curves R21=f21(theta), and R22=f22(theta) (for the left eye of P2 in the two extreme facial expressions). If we sample the analog data R11, R12, R21, R22 at 36 different theta angles with 10-degree increments between adjacent angles, then we will obtain 4 ANALOG vectors of 36-dimensions each. The mapping of the extreme boundaries R11, R12 to +1 (for identifying P1) and R21, R22 to -1 (for identifying P2) can then be used as the learning map required in the design of a neural network for carrying out this task of a precision, automatic identification of two very similar patterns. This paper reports the theory and the experiment of a novel, non-iterative, neural network that will learn this extreme-boundary mapping derived from any two VERY SIMILAR patterns. It will learn not only the static features of each pattern, but also the dynamic variation ranges of the features in each pattern. After the learning, it will then AUTOMATICALLY identify any UNTRAINED pattern (which is ANY gradual change between the two extremes boundaries) as belonging to IM1 or IM2. The neural network DOES NOT have to learn any of these gradual changes one by one.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Coal combustion in boilers: A mature technology facing new constraints

Three techniques are being used currently for combustion of coal in boilers: stoker firing, pulverized-coal combustion, and cyclone furnaces. Combustion characteristics of these techniques are discussed from the viewpoint of the impact of modern-day demands on combustion of coal. Constraints imposed by three demands are singled out: adaptation of state-of-the-art techniques to major changes in coal quality; environmental protection requirements; and the need to develop modifications of existing techniques allowing rapid increased utilization of coal. Specifically, the discussion is about: (i) Implications of the requirement to hold the emissions of three major pollutants—SOx, NOx, and flyash—within prescribed U.S. standards. (ii) Effects of increased and decreased ash content, respectively, on combustion characteristics. (iii) Combustion of coal/oil dispersions, allowing coal to be burned in boilers designed for combustion of oil. An attempt is made at identifying gaps in the technical knowledge of the existing technologies, and some research needs are suggested. In addition, a brief mention is made of the ways in which two new (developing) technologies—fluidized-bed combustion and coal-fired magnetohydrodynamic generators—are expected to deal with modern-day constraints.
European starling nestling response to chlorpyrifos exposure in a corn agroecosystem

European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nestlings were used as a surrogate to study the effect of chlorpyrifos application to a corn agroecosystem on songbird reproduction. Chlorpyrifos was applied in a T‐band at 1.3 kg AI/ha, and residues were measured in soil, earthworms, ground‐dwelling insects, and diet items collected from the crop of starling nestlings. Chlorpyrifos levels in soil peaked at 34.2 μg/g, 4 days post‐application, and dissipated to trace levels by 64 days post‐application. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos in earthworms and ground‐dwelling insects reached 0.9 and 0.7 ug/g, respectively. Starling nestling diet items included invertebrates from eight orders with chlorpyrifos concentrations ranging from trace levels to 10.6 μg/g in earthworms. Nestling brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity and body mass measurements were taken at 3, 8, and 13 days post‐hatch (DPH). Adult starling fecundity was also measured. Body mass differences between treatment and reference site nestlings at 3 and 13...
NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE CATTLE EGRET ARDEOLA IBIS AT ROKUPR, SIERRA LEONE

SUMMARY The Cattle Egret is a dry season visitor to Rokupr in Sierra Leone during the bird's non-breeding season. There are no cattle in the area to attract the herons and they obtain nearly all their food from small isolated areas of vegetable gardens which are associated with all the villages. The number of herons associated with each garden is closely correlated with the area of that garden and is about two birds per acre. The daily life of the birds is discussed, in particular the pre-roosting assemblies and the flight to roost, and it is shown that each flock leaves for the roost at the same time each day, about 30–35 min. before dusk. Observations made at a particular roost showed that all the Cattle Egrets reached the roost before dusk and from these observations, combined with those made on the feeding grounds, it is concluded that the number of Cattle Egrets using the roost is determined by the number and area of the feeding grounds that lie within 30–35 minutes flying time (about 12 miles) of the roost. Other species using the roost are briefly discussed.
Soil random roughness and depression storage on coffee farms of varying shade levels

Water availability in rainfed coffee agroecosystems is an important factor in determining the production success of the crop. In this study, an estimate of soil water capture and storage was conducted in order to understand the differences of soil water availability among coffee farms or various management intensities, distinguished here by differences in shade cover level. Measurements of effective soil depression storage, leaf litter and soil moisture were taken in each of the sites. These measurements were taken to better understand how different shade coffee systems may gain or lose opportunities to keep water within the system due to contributions of shade. Three sites of varying shade were chosen in the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico. The medium (30�50% cover) shade site was found to be more effective for precipitation capture when compared to the low (10�30% cover) shade site because of a larger value of effective depression storage (t-test, p = 0.05) due to increased soil roughness. This conclusion was supported by significantly higher soil moisture measurements in the medium shade site when compared to the low shade site in the dry season (repeated measure GLM, p = 0.001). The high shade (60�80% cover) site was found to have a greater slope than the other two sites, yielding smaller effective storage capacities; yet the high shade site was able to retain 15% of the available rainfall during the dry season through surface storage, possibly because of greater leaf litter and other shade contributions. Farmers may consider the use of shade trees within coffee farms as a practical method toward preserving water within the agroecosystem
Lifetimes of polypropylene films under combined high electric fields and thermal stresses

The lifetimes of polypropylene films under high AC and DC field stresses were determined at 23, 70, and 90 degrees C. A two-parameter Weibull distribution was used in the evaluation of the data, with the shape and scale parameters estimated using graphical and maximum-likelihood methods. For DC aging, the results indicate that a power-law type of relation may hold true, with the parameters changing with temperature. However, for AC aging more anomalous results were obtained. These anomalies were more noticeable in the intermediate voltage region where the 23 degrees C lifecurve fell below the lifecurves at the other two temperatures. This is possibly due to the partial discharges which are mainly responsible for the breakdown in this range of voltage and the progressive impregnation of the dielectric films with transformer oil. >
Gas-phase decomposition kinetics in a wall-less environment using a counterflow jet reactor : Design and feasibility studies

Design simulations of and experiments in a new reactor used for studying homogeneous decomposition kinetics in a wall-less environment are presented. The idea is based on the use of two counterflowing jets with one jet being heated and the other kept cool. The heated jet contains pure carrier gas while the cool one contains the reactant diluted in the carrier gas. Under appropriate operating conditions, decomposition of the reactant takes place near the stagnation point where the two jets collide. Since the reactions occur in the gas phase and away from hot walls, purely homogeneous kinetics can be obtained. Computer simulations of the transport phenomena and chemical kinetics underlying the thermal decomposition of monoethylarsine (MEA) were used to study the structure of the flow, the size, and location of the reaction zone and to identify optimal reactor shapes and operating conditions. An experimental system was constructed and used to study the thermal decomposition of MEA and tert-butylarsine (TBA), which are safer alternatives to arsine for metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of compound semiconductors. The concentration of reactants and products was monitored by in situ capillary-sampled mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatographic analysis of the total effluent stream. The reactor modelmore » was used to fit the activation energies of the overall decomposition reactions. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed reactor.« less
The significance of personality disorders in the chronic pain population

W eisberg and Keefe provide an excellent review of literature that supports their contention that a concerted focus on personality disorders (POs) may lead to important advances in the ability to more heuristically understand and effectively manage patients with chronic pain (CP). Research has clearly revealed the high prevalence of POs in CP patients. I also want to amplify their clinically appropriate caution that diagnoses of PO should be pursued only when "it will provide structure and s.ubstance to the treatment plan." Indeed, the inappropnate use and overuse of PO diagnoses can lead to a detrimental "labeling" effect that can stigmatize a patient within a treatment facility, as well as permanently "follow" that patient after treatment in a case file. This is a potential hazard of which any ethical mentalhealth professional needs to be acutely aware whenever making psychological diagnoses of patients. Appropriate psychological-personality assessment conducted in order to help guide a treatment program is appropriate; routine use of it when not essential for treatment is inappropriate. In this Commentary, I would like to highlight some of the important issues in personality assessment not discussed by Weisberg and Keefe.Moreover, I propose the potentially greater importance and utility of a more dimensional trait approach to personality assessment rather than following currently available categorical approaches to POs.
Andragogy, Adult Expectations, and International Programs.

An adult returning to the college classroom in order to continue his or her education displays a certain amount of courage and sense of adventure. It is a hard decision to put oneself on the l ine with traditional 20 year-old students whose full-time jobs have always been learning. Yet increasing numbers of adults, for varied reasons, are enrolling in college programs. These individuals bring with them experiences very different from those of traditional students, and often very different expectations of what is to be gained from the learning situation (Cross, 1 982). This paper discusses these differences in relation to developing, presenting, and evaluating international programs for the nontraditional student. Since andragogy, still an unfamiliar word or concept to many people in higher education, is a central theme in this paper, perhaps it is beneficial to offer a brief working definition. The experiences, responsibilities, and expectations of adults taking a college course create an environment for learning unlike that in traditional college classes. Taking full advantage of this unique blend of circumstances to enhance the overall learning experience is the essence of andragogy. In order to tap this "added resource" the instructor must become a facilitator. Sharing information and ideas replaces the lecture format, and dialogue and coaching reinforce individual interests in the subject. According to Knowles,
Carbon: An old but new material revisited

Three areas of our past research are considered: carbon formation from catalyzed CO decomposition over iron and from liquid phase coking of hydrocarbons, the role of carbon active sites in the CO2 reaction and hydrocarbon CVD processes, and production and properties of carbon molecular sieves. In each case, the importance of rate processes has been emphasized. Where possible, an attempt has been made to integrate our research findings with those of other investigators.
Microfabricated Left-handed Transmission Line Operating at 50 GHz

We report a mushroom-type left-handed transmission line constructed using a microfabrication method, which also yields new opportunities to reduce the structure dimensions, and consequently, increase the operating frequency. Comprehensive characterization using both S-parameter measurement and full wave electromagnetic simulation shows a wide left-handed pass band between 37 and 60 GHz.
Toward an AIDS Vaccine

A quarter century of scientific discovery has been applied to developing an AIDS vaccine, yet this goal remains elusive. Specific characteristics of the virus, including the extreme genetic variability in circulating viral isolates worldwide, biological properties of HIV that impede immune attack, and a high mutation rate that allows for rapid escape from adaptive immune responses, render this a huge challenge. However, evidence of protection against AIDS viruses in animal models and control of HIV in humans under certain circumstances, together with scientific advances in understanding disease pathogenesis, provide a strong rationale and objective paths to continue the pursuit of an effective AIDS vaccine to stem the global epidemic.
Chromosomal localization of the human gene for brain Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV.

Abstract Cloned cDNAs have been identified as corresponding to a new brain Ca 2+ calmodulin -dependent protein kinase. On the basis of structural and immunological features, we refer to this new kinase as CaM Kinase IV. Two cDNA clones were used to identify CaM Kinase IV: The downstream clone, λICM-1, contains the sequence encoding the calmodulin-binding site and the second clone, λICM-2, encodes a partial amino acid sequence similar to the catalytic domain of several known protein kinases. Within the calmodulin-binding site a stretch of 8 amino acids (and 9 of 10) is identical to the corresponding site in the subunits of CaM Kinase II. Southern blot analysis shows the CaM Kinase IV gene is single copy in the mouse and human genomes. Synteny analysis of Southern blot data of DNA from hamster-human hybrid cells shows that the gene is present in human chromosome 5. Hybridization of cDNA probes to metaphase spreads of human chromosomes indicates that the gene is most likely located within the region of bands q21 to q23 of chromosome 5.
The effect of modeling and selective attention on pain tolerance

Abstract The present study assessed the separate and combined effects of selective attention and modeling on college student's tolerance for pain as measured by a cold pressor test (duration of keeping the hand in ice water). There were four treatment groups: selective attention (A), modeling (M), selective attention and modeling combined (AM), and selective attention plus modeling with cognitions (AMC). In addition, there were three control groups: no treatment (C), experimenter demand (D), and expectancy (E). Using pre-test to post-test difference scores, the four treatment conditions generally produced more pain tolerance than the control conditions, with the possible exception of the E group. The AMC group resulted in the greatest increase in pain tolerance but it was not significantly greater than the M group. There were no differences between the seven groups in their ratings of discomfort following the cold pressor test.
Powers live: a global interactive opera simulcast

The live global interactive simulcast of the final February 2014 performance of Death and the Powers in Dallas, Texas made innovative use of satellite broadcast and Internet technologies to expand the boundaries of second-screen experiences and interactivity during a live remote performance. In the opera, the character of Simon Powers uploads his mind, memories, and emotions into The System, represented onstage through reactive robotic, visual, and sonic elements. Remote audiences, via simulcast, were treated as part of The System alongside Powers and the robots. Audiences had an omniscient view of the action of the opera, as presented through surround sound and augmented, multi-camera video. Multimedia content delivered to mobile devices, through the Powers Live app, privileged remote audiences with perspectives from within The System. Mobile devices also allowed audiences to influence The System by affecting the illumination of the Winspear Opera House's Moody Foundation Chandelier.
Chlorpromazine and lithium interaction: a biochemical and histological study.

Abstract Biochemical and histological studies on the effect of separate and combined administration of LiCl and of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on female C 57 BL 6J mice were performed. Mice were divided into 4 groups. One group was given an intraperitoneal injection daily of CPZ HCl, 5 mg/kg for 4 days followed by 4 more days of a daily dosage of 10 mg/kg. A second group was maintained on 0.4% ( w v ) LiCl solution as the sole drinking fluid for 8 consecutive days and a third group received the same LiCl solution but with daily CPZ injection as the initial group for 8 days. The fourth group served as saline-controls. Hepatic liver alcohol dehydrogenase was induced by combined drug treatment from respective controls. The Li-treatment inhibited mitochondrial liver aldehyde dehydrogenase, and coadministration of CPZ with LiCl antagonized this effect. Mice treated with CPZ showed corneal cellularity and mitotic figure appearance without inflammation. The LiCl treated mice displayed variations in base corneal cell size, shape and pigmentation with aggregation of the nuclei, and the presence of mitotic activity without inflammation. Mice receiving combined drug treatment showed similar corneal alterations, but mitotic figures were found above base cell layer suggesting an enhanced corneal toxicity. The results suggest a drug-drug interaction phenomenon which may explain some of their adverse reaction when given concurrently.
Water-coupled carbon dioxide microchannel gas cooler for heat pump water heaters: Part I - Experiments

Abstract An experimental and analytical study on the performance of a compact, microchannel water- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas cooler was conducted. The gas cooler design under investigation used an array of serpentine refrigerant microchannel tubes wrapped around water passages containing offset strip fins, resulting in a generally counterflow configuration between the two fluids. Part I of this two-part paper addresses the experimental aspects. Data were obtained using an experimental heat pump facility at varying inlet conditions for three gas coolers of the same design, but different sizes. Measured heating capacity for the three gas coolers ranged from 1.5 to 6.5 kW. The results of this study are used in the companion paper (Part II) to develop a predictive heat exchanger model to optimize gas cooler design over a wide range of operating conditions, eliminating the need for expensive prototype development and testing.
Design sensitivity analysis of mechanical systems in frequency domain

A procedure for determining the sensitivity functions of mechanical systems in the frequency domain by use of a vector-matrix approach is presented. Two examples, one for a ground vehicle passive front suspension, and the second for a vehicle active suspension, illustrate the practical applications of parametric sensitivity analysis for redesign and modification of mechanical systems. The sensitivity functions depend on the frequency of the system's oscillations. They can be easily related to the system's frequency characteristics which describe the dynamic properties of the system.
Myths and Realities of the 80-Hour Work Week

Background Myths are so ingrained into cultural traditions that emotion frequently overshadows a rational evaluation of the facts. The reduction in resident work hours has resulted in the formation of several myths. The purpose of this review is to examine the published data on resident work hours to separate out myth from reality. Methods An electronic database was searched for publications related to resident training, work-hours, continuity of care, sleep deprivation, quality of life, patient safety, clinical/operative experience, faculty work hours, and surgical education. Results Sleep deprivation has been shown to be harmful, and residents played a role in advocating for work-hour limits. Surgical residents have seen a less dramatic improvement in quality of life compared with other disciplines. Work-hour reductions have decreased participation in clinic but have not resulted in a significant decline in clinical or operative exposure. Limiting resident work hours will unlikely result in a decrease health-care cost. Reduction in resident work hours has not resulted in an improvement or deterioration in patient outcome. Reduction of work hours has not increased faculty work hours nor made surgery a more attractive career choice. Conclusions Despite strongly held opinions, resident work-hour reduction has resulted in little significant change in lifestyle, clinical exposure, patient well-being, faculty work hours, or medical student recruitment.
Care of the Undocumented Immigrant in the United States With ESRD

The growth of the undocumented immigrant population in the United States has been explosive. The absence of a uniform policy regarding health care for this population has created a unique problem for nephrologists. How should provision of care for undocumented immigrants with end-stage renal disease be delivered and compensated? This problem is exacerbated by the multiple complex laws that govern delivery of and payment for care, as well as that state regulations vary widely and are not easily understood. Furthermore, the ethical and moral commitments of providers to ensure adequate and appropriate care for any patient whose life is at stake, irrespective of his or her immigration status, place nephrologists in a difficult position. This review focuses on the scope of this problem, relevant case law and legislation, current care and payment models, the response of nephrology groups, and ethical dilemmas inherent in caring for this vulnerable population. Recommendations for further study, including convening of a consensus conference, are discussed.
Large-scale pose-invariant face recognition using cellular simultaneous recurrent network

In this work, we propose a novel technique for face recognition with +/-90° pose variations in image sequences using a cellular simultaneous recurrent network (CSRN). We formulate the recognition problem with such large-pose variations as an implicit temporal prediction task for CSRN. We exploit a face extraction algorithm based on the scale-space method and facial structural knowledge as a preprocessing step. Further, to reduce computational cost, we obtain eigenfaces for a set of image sequences for each person and use these reduced pattern vectors as the input to CSRN. CSRN learns how to associate each face class/person in the training phase. A modified distance metric between successive frames of test and training output pattern vectors indicate either a match or mismatch between the two corresponding face classes. We extensively evaluate our CSRN-based face recognition technique using the publicly available VidTIMIT Audio-Video face dataset. Our simulation shows that for this dataset with large-scale pose variations, we can obtain an overall 77% face recognition rate.
An Upper Bound for the Turán Number t3(n, 4)

Let tr(n, r+1) denote the smallest integer m such that every r-uniform hypergraph on n vertices with m+1 edges must contain a complete graph on r+1 vertices. In this paper, we prove thatlimn?∞t3(n, 4)(n3)?3+1712=0.593592?.
Methylation status of intracellular dengue type 2 40 S RNA.

Abstract We have examined the methylation status of the dengue-2 flavivirus intracellular 40 S RNA. This RNA was found to contain a single type I cap per molecule of the form m7G(5′)ppp(5')Amp. Less than one molecule in five contained adenine base methylation either in the cap or internally. The Vero host cell poly A+ RNA was found to contain both types I and II caps as well as internal Ns-methyladenine. Possible implications of the differences between dengue virus methylation and that of the host RNA and other mRNAs are discussed.
School Counselors as Accountability Leaders: Another Call for Action.

This article discusses the vital leadership role that school counselors have in reaching the profession's accountability standards. According to the school counseling program evaluation literature, this leadership responsibility is explained as it relates to four major evaluation areas commonly associated with comprehensive school counseling programs: program audit, results-based assessment, personnel review, and needs assessment. Sample implementation strategies and instrumentation practices are reviewed as well as recommendations for the future direction of accountability leadership research and best practice.
High resolution spectral analysis of the Jovian decametric radiation. II - The band-like emissions

Analysis of the bandlike Jovian decametric emission is presented. A model for the active region that accounts for the observed radiation characteristics is described using the measured parameters of the bandlike emission and a model of the Jovian magnetic field. The active region is characterized not only by the fact that an upward-flowing electron stream is caused to radiate in this region, but the stream itself is broken into radiating electron bunches within the active region. Observed undulations of the emission band on the time-frequency plane are interpreted as motions of the active region along a flux tube. The instantaneous location of the active region along the flux tube shows a dependence on the density of the stream entering the active region. The mechanism responsible for density modulation of the stream appears to be common to both the bandlike and simple-S-burst emission types.
Effect of temperature-dependent band shifts on semiconductor transport properties

Abstract A model of a coupled electron-lattice system is utilized as a basis for studying the effect of temperature-dependent shifts of carrier energy levels on the single-band dc conductivity and thermoelectric power formulae. The resulting expressions are not in accord with those which have been previously hypothesized and utilized in analysis of transport data.
PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION (POD) OF A CLASS OF VIBROIMPACT OSCILLATIONS

Abstract This study employs the method of proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), also known as the Karhunen–Loeve (K–L) method, to extract dominant coherent structures (modes that approximate the system behavior) from time-series data. These mode shapes can be used in a Galerkin reconstruction process to obtain lower dimensional models for the structural systems under consideration. The mode shapes and the energies obtained by this process can also be used to predict certain kinds of periodic or non-periodic non-linear motions. The K–L method has been applied successfully to fluid dynamical, thermal processes and signal processing. However, only a handful of works exist in the area of vibration analysis and structural mechanics. An extensive K–L analysis is performed numerically for two vibroimpacting systems: a beam and a rotor. Lower dimensional models are created and used to study non-linear energy transmission from low to higher K–L modes. Extensive reconstructions are also performed to prove the efficacy of the K–L method to provide accurate low-dimensional dynamical models. In addition, experimental investigations are presented for the case of the overhung impacting rotor and qualitative comparisons with the theoretical analysis are presented.
Phototoxicity and photocarcinogenesis: comparative effects of anthracene and 8-methoxypsoralen in the skin of mice.

Abstract Erythema was produced in the skin of hairless mutant mice by a single exposure to a solar simulator ( λ > 290 nm). Topical pretreatment of the mice with either anthracene or 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) intensified the reaction more than did pretreatment with the vehicle (methanol) alone. Skin tumours were produced in hairless mice during several months of daily topical treatment followed by exposure to the solar stimulator. Compared with the vehicle-treated group, the 8-MOP group developed more tumours and had a shorter tumour latent period. Tumour production in the anthracene group was not significantly different from that of the vehicle-treated group. Under the conditions of this test, enhanced photocarcinogenesis is not a necessary consequence of prolonged contact with the phototoxic agent anthracene.
7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mutation in the Tk gene of Tk(+/-) mice: automated scoring of lymphocyte clones using a fluorescent viability indicator.

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) is a rodent carcinogen and a potent in vivo mutagen for the X-linked hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) gene of rats and for the lacl transgene of Big Blue mice and rats. Although DMBA is also a powerful clastogen, molecular analysis of these DMBA-induced hprt and lacl mutations indicates that most are single base-pair (bp) substitutions and 1- to 3-bp frameshifts. In the present study, we evaluated the types of mutations induced by DMBA in the autosomal thymidine kinase (Tk) gene of Tk +/- mice. Male and female 5-to 6-week-old animals were injected i.p. with DMBA at a dose of 30 mg/kg. Five weeks after the treatment, hprt and Tk mutant frequencies were determined using a limiting dilution clonal assay in 96-well plates. We established conditions for the automated identification of wells containing expanded lymphocyte clones using the fluorescent indicator alamarBlue. This procedure allowed the unbiased identification of viable clones and calculation of mutant frequencies. In male mice, DMBA treatment increased the frequency of hprt mutants from 1.8 ± 1.1 to 34 ± 9 × 10 6 , and Tk mutants from 33 ± 12 to 78 ± 26 × 10 6 ; treated female mice had a significant but lower increase in hprt mutant frequency than did males. Molecular analysis of DMBA-induced Tk mutants revealed that at least 75% had the entire wild-type Tk allele missing. The results indicate that the predominant types of DMBA-induced mutation detected by the autosomal Tk gene are different from those detected by the X-linked hprt gene. The Tk gene mainly detects loss of heterozygosity mutation, whereas the majority of mutations previously found in the hprt gene were point mutations. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 36:283-291, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Definition of the human N-myc promoter region during development in a transgenic mouse model

The N-myc oncogene directs organogenesis, and gene amplification is associated with aggressive forms of neuroblastoma, a common malignant tumor in children. N-myc is expressed in fetal epithelium, and expression decreases markedly postnatally. To localize sequences responsible for directing expression, we have analyzed the human N-myc promoter. We noted previously that N-myc promoter regions 5' to exon 1 directed reporter gene expression in all cell lines, including those without detectable N-myc transcripts. However, when promoter constructs included 3' exon 1 and the 5' portion of intron 1, reporter activity was detected only when there was expression of the endogenous gene. To determine the role of this "tissue-specific region" in directing expression during development, we generated transgenic mice carrying N-myc promoter lacZ minigenes that contained 5' N-myc promoter elements alone or the promoter linked to the 3' exon 1/5' intron 1 tissue-specific region. Animals lacking the tissue-specific exon 1/intron 1 region showed beta-galactosidase expression in the CNS, but expression was not observed in other organs in which endogenously derived N-myc transcripts were seen. Within the CNS, transgene expression was seen mainly in the olfactory system and was not observed in other areas in which expression of the murine gene has been noted. In contrast, no transgene expression was observed in any of the animals carrying the tissue-specific exon 1/intron 1 region. Thus, sequences that direct expression within the olfactory system were contained within our 5' promoter transgene, whereas sequences that guide the ubiquitous expression of N-myc during organogenesis lie outside the regions studied here. Finally, the exon 1/intron 1 region seems to act in a dominant fashion to repress expression in the CNS from the immediate 5' N-myc promoter.