cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Text based similarity metrics and deltas for semantic web graphs

Recognizing that two Semantic Web documents or graphs are similar and characterizing their differences is useful in many tasks, including retrieval, updating, version control and knowledge base editing. We describe several text-based similarity metrics that characterize the relation between Semantic Web graphs and evaluate these metrics for three specific cases of similarity: similarity in classes and properties, similarity disregarding differences in base-URIs, and versioning relationship. We apply these techniques for a specific use case - generating a delta between versions of a Semantic Web graph. We have evaluated our system on several tasks using a collection of graphs from the archive of the Swoogle Semantic Web search engine.
Pharmaceutical patenting and the transformation of American medical ethics

The attitudes of physicians and drug manufacturers in the US toward patenting pharmaceuticals changed dramatically from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth. Formerly, physicians and reputable manufacturers argued that pharmaceutical patents prioritized profit over the advancement of medical science. Reputable manufactures refused to patent their goods and most physicians shunned patented products. However, moving into the early twentieth century, physicians and drug manufacturers grew increasingly comfortable with the idea of pharmaceutical patents. In 1912, for example, the American Medical Association dropped the prohibition on physicians holding medical patents. Shifts in wider patenting cultures therefore transformed the ethical sensibilities of physicians.
Science Signaling Podcast for 9 May 2017: Trafficking of BK channel subunits in arterial myocytes.

Abstract This Podcast features a conversation with Jonathan Jaggar, senior author of a Research Article that appears in the 9 May 2017 issue of Science Signaling , about trafficking of big potassium (BK) channel subunits in arterial myocytes. Depolarization of the arterial myocyte membrane causes a rise in intracellular calcium that stimulates the cell to contract, which leads to vasoconstriction. Membrane depolarization also activates BK channels, which allow potassium to flow out of the cell, thus repolarizing the membrane and promoting vasodilation. Leo et al . found that a critical aspect of this negative feedback mechanism was the trafficking of the regulatory β1 BK channel subunit to the plasma membrane. Membrane depolarization caused the β1 subunit to translocate to the plasma membrane, where it associated with the pore-forming α subunit to increase the calcium sensitivity of the channel. These findings identify trafficking of regulatory subunits as a mode of regulation for multisubunit ion channels. Listen to Podcast
Latin@s in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) at the Intersections

ABSTRACTAs the United States population approaches a minority majority, the need to address educational inequities is intensified, especially for Latin@ students who are among the fastest growing ethnic minority group across the United States and at four-year colleges and universities. Concerns for educational equity also demand broadening participation of domestic under-represented groups in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Informed by student-level data from six large, public, doctoral-granting, research-intensive universities located in the Midwest and Mid-Atlantic regions, we examine differences in STEM degree attainment among Latin@s at the intersections of race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. The results support the need to target STEM intervention efforts to Latin@s by gender.
Sicherstellung der Qualität bei der POCT-Diagnostik durch Risikomanagement

Das Qualitatsmanagement der POCT-Diagnostik muss mit einem Fehlerrisikomanagement einhergehen. Dieses Kapitel erlautert haufige Fehlerquellen bei der POCT-Diagnostik sowie die Rolle der Qualitatskontrolle im Sinne der Kontrolle analytischer Fehler. Daruber betont das Kapitel, dass Risikomanagement zum Gesamtprozess der Qualitatssicherung gehort. Dabei bieten individualisierte Qualitatskontrollplane (IQCP) die Moglichkeit, in multidisziplinaren Teams die Schwachen und Grenzen des diagnostischen Prozesses beim POCT besser zu verstehen. Ein IQCP kann Fehler verhindern, Kosten sparen, die Effizienz der Mitarbeiter erhohen und die Patientenversorgung mit POCT verbessern.
Work Zone Safety Performance

Work zone temporary traffic control strategies generally affect both traffic safety and operations. However, there is a substantial gap in the knowledge base with respect to the safety impacts of various work zone characteristics. The Highway Safety Manual provides crash modification functions that account for the effects of project length and duration on crash frequency as compared with normal road operations. However, these methods do not allow for explicit comparisons of expected safety performance among different work or closure types. This research examined the safety impacts of various temporary traffic control strategies on freeways, including shoulder closures, lane closures, and lane shifts. Data were collected for the periods during which these treatments were in effect and during similar nonconstruction periods from the preceding year. Safety performance functions were estimated that account for segment length, duration, traffic volume, and closure type. Random parameter count data models were ...
Rapid Transonic Flutter Analysis for Aircraft Conceptual Design Applications

This study presents a new approach for the rapid transonic flutter analysis of large-aspect-ratio wings via a combination of time-linearized two-dimensional unsteady indicial functions and a databa...
A Brief, Distance-Based Intervention Can Increase Intentions to Follow Evidence-Based Guidelines in Cancer Screening

Although research findings are increasingly accessible to the public, people may choose to rely on anecdotal over evidence-based information when making important decisions. Thus, a key challenge f...
The Characteristic Variety

In this chapter we will define the characteristic variety Θ associated to a differential ideal (satisfying one non-essential restriction). This variety plays at least as important a role in the theory of differential systems as that played by the usual characteristic variety in classical RD.E. theory. We shall give a number of examples of characteristic varieties, discuss some of their elementary properties, and shall state a number of remarkable theorems concerning characteristic varieties of involutive differential systems. The proofs of most of the results rely on certain commutative algebra properties of involutive tableaux and will be given in Chapter VIII.
Molecular modelling in drug design

The concept that organic molecules may be regarded as collections of generally spherical atoms, connected to one another by rod-like bonds is well-established and has, for many years, provided the basis upon which chemists visualise structures, in either two or three dimensions. Fabrication of atoms and bonds from wood, metal or plastic has been done increasingly since 1950; an important property of such physical models is that they can be made to be dimensionally accurate. Thus the well-known Dreiding models [1], designed by Andre Dreiding are constructed from stainless steel and preserve bond lengths and bond angles, while reducing all atoms to points with zero atomic radius. The CPK models [2] on the other hand, generally built with a plastic material, have atoms of the correct radius and also preserve bond lengths and bond angles. Both of these, and other types of models are used commonly by chemists who are concerned with the overall shape of molecules, a property that is clearly important in determining their behaviour.
Behavioral and Psychiatric Comorbidities of TBI

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with a variety of behavioral ­consequences, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, aggression, and impulse control and overlaps with many of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress and post-traumatic stress disorder. There are many challenges to researchers and clinicians, including heterogeneity of the injury, distinguishing premorbid characteristics from the consequences of the TBI, lack of specificity in diagnostic criteria, and the absence of systematic therapeutic trials. In this chapter, we present an overview of the literature on psychiatric and behavioral consequences of TBI, highlighting those studies that investigate the incidence of these conditions, contribution of premorbid functioning to subsequent symptoms, and characteristics of mild TBI ­(frequently referred to as concussion) that provide clues to distinguishing it from other psychiatric comorbidities. Our analysis of the available literature suggests that in some, but not all cases, TBI may diminish inhibitory control over certain behaviors while in others, there may be an exacerbation of clinical expression of psychiatric symptoms. Treatment needs to consider whether there is a unique sensitivity to adverse events in patients who have suffered a TBI and prospective trials should be encouraged.
Anger and Compassion on the Picket Line: Ethnography and Emotion in the Study of Westboro Baptist Church

Feminist ethnographic methods stress the role of empathy for research subjects and researchers’ willingness for their work to be useful to their subjects. When the research subjects are “unloved groups,” though—people whose actions or beliefs are hateful or harmful—some ethnographers argue that such empathy and empowerment is misplaced or leads to uncritical scholarship. In this reflection on the author’s ethnographic study of Westboro Baptist Church, a small Kansas-based congregation infamous for preaching its anti-gay theology at funerals, including the funerals of fallen servicemen and -women, she questions the usefulness of denying an emotional connection with “hatemongers.” Instead, she argues for compassion for both the victims and, more challengingly, the perpetrators of hate in order to protect researchers from the threat of desensitization.
VIDEODISC: A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR HUMAN FACTORS

Designing computer systems to be useful tools for the general human population can be a difficult task. New technologies and innovations will surely provide assistance to this effort. One such recent development-videodisc technology-is discussed in terms of its potential human factors impact on two computer system application areas: Computer Assisted Instruction and Database Query Language.
Neuro-cutaneous Syndromes

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding epidermal nevus syndrome (ENS)? A. This syndrome is a manifestation of a heterogeneous group of disorders that share in common the presence of epidermal nevi B. Hemimegalencephaly may occur ipsilateral to a facial nevus C. The epidermal nevi in this disorder may undergo malignant transformation D. There is increased risk of astrocytoma and other tumors in patients with ENS E. Lisch nodules are a feature of ENS
Evaluation of Midpoint Runway Marking for General Aviation Airports

The aviation industry continues to experience landing overruns at general aviation airports due in part to pilots touching down beyond the midpoint of the available runway. In some landing overruns...
Impact of an Atoms-First Approach on Student Outcomes in a Two-Semester General Chemistry Course

The “Atoms-First” approach has received considerable attention in the chemical education community over the past few years as an alternative to the standard reaction-based two-semester General Chemistry curriculum. The Atoms-First model emphasizes the electronic structure of the atom as a means to explain and rationalize chemical reactions and stoichiometry, which are then covered at the end of the first semester. The current study analyzes the results of switching from a traditional reaction-based curriculum to an Atoms-First approach in a two-semester General Chemistry course with regards to student performance on standardized American Chemical Society (ACS) exams. The study evaluated roughly 600 students over three years of classes, and found that the outcomes were generally favorable for topics related to atomic and molecular structure. A comparison of the two approaches and suggestions for implementation of the Atoms-First approach are also included.
Transform Your Computer Science Course with Specifications Grading

As proposed by Linda B. Nilson in Specifications Grading: Restoring Rigor, Motivating Students, and Saving Faculty Time, specifications grading is an assessment construct that relies on pass/fail grading of assignments and assessments, the structuring of course content into modules linked to learning outcomes, and the bundling of assignments and assessments within those modules. One of the intentions of this type of course grading construct is to more closely align assessment with student attainment of intended learning outcomes. While there has been very visible work in incorporating specifications grading in some academic areas (e.g. in mathematics), examples of the use of specifications grading in computer science courses are less common. The goal of this workshop is to introduce the concepts of specifications grading, explain how to apply these concepts to a wide range of computing courses, and have the participants apply these concepts to one of their current or upcoming computer science courses. Each participant should leave the workshop with at least one revised course syllabus or assignment that incorporates specifications grading. A laptop computer is recommended, but not required. Access to handouts will be provided.
Class A GPCR oligomerization: reasons of controversy

Abstract G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise the most studied family of transmembrane proteins. Upon activation by endogenous ligands or agonists, this family of plasma membrane proteins generates intracellular signals with crucial roles in physiology and disease. Over the past 40 years, the number of studies reporting dimerization/oligomerization of GPCRs with relevant pharmacological properties has increased, adding a new dimension to rational drug discovery. Among the GPCR families, the class C GPCRs are well-known dimeric receptors, whereas the concept of homomerization and heteromerization among class A GPCRs is still a matter of intense controversy. Although initial and more recent studies support the monomeric model for class A GPCRs, we have now an extensive amount of data challenging this hypothesis that require special attention. In this chapter, we will discuss the questions underlying this debate with special focus on the pros and cons of the new techniques aiming at the study of the physical interactions of GPCRs.
Critical Steps for Engaging Hispanics in Cancer Research: Building Capacity to Enhance Participation in Biospecimen Donation with Hispanic Communities

There is a widespread recognition that health disparities impact Hispanics collectively; however, much less is known about the disease risk and outcomes with respect to the heterogeneity of Hispanic subgroups. Community-engaged approaches and strategies to research are essential for reaching these at-risk populations and building trust among community and research partners who serve and care for Hispanics. These methods are not only useful for engaging diverse populations but also useful in elucidating and differentiating nuances within and among Hispanic subgroup characteristics and their perspectives regarding participation in biomedical research. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the use of participatory research methods in studying, developing, and implementing culturally sensitive cancer prevention interventions and strategies among diverse racial/ethnic minority populations. Much of the previous work in this area has addressed program adaptation or cultural tailoring of existing cancer educational programs and materials. However, the adoption of community engaged research approaches in translational or transdisciplinary research are less understood and may have the potential to improve inclusion and representation of Hispanics in biomedical research studies and to shed light on how to create conditions for health and health equity. This chapter describes novel applications of community-based approaches to biobanking and biospecimen research areas to highlight (1) three critical steps for engaging Hispanic communities in cancer research, (2) best practices and scientifically based strategies and considerations for enhancing community engagement in research, and (3) lessons learned.
Forecasting Conflict in the Balkans using Hidden Markov Models

This study uses hidden Markov models (HMM) to forecast conflict in the former Yugoslavia for the period January 1991 through January 1999. The political and military events reported in the lead sentences of Reuters news service stories were coded into the World Events Interaction Survey (WEIS) event data scheme. The forecasting scheme involved randomly selecting eight 100-event “templates” taken at a 1-, 3- or 6-month forecasting lag for highconflict and low-conflict weeks. A separate HMM is developed for the highconflict-week sequences and the low-conflict-week sequences. Forecasting is done by determining whether a sequence of observed events fit the high-conflict or low-conflict model with higher probability. Models were selected to maximize the difference between correct and incorrect predictions, evaluated by week. Three weighting schemes were used: unweighted (U), penalize false positives (P) and penalize false negatives (N). There is a relatively high level of convergence in the estimates—the best and worst models of a given type vary in accuracy by only about 15 % to 20 %. In full-sample tests, the U and P models produce an overall accuracy of around 80 %. However, these models correctly forecast only about 25 % of the high-conflict weeks, although about 60 % of the cases where a high-conflict week has been forecast turn out to have high conflict. In contrast, the N model has an overall accuracy of only about 50% in full-sample tests, but it correctly forecasts high-conflict weeks with 88% accuracy in the 3- and 6month horizon and 92 % accuracy in the 1-month horizon. The models are remarkably insensitive to the length of the forecasting horizon—the drop-off in accuracy at longer forecasting horizons is very small, typically around 2 % to 4 %. Some experiments with simplified models indicate that it is possible to use models with substantially fewer parameters without markedly decreas
A bid denied: the U.S. application to host the 1986 World Cup

On 20 May 1983, the FIFA Executive Committee convened at the Sheraton Hotel in Stockholm, Sweden. The last item on its agenda was to determine a host country for the 1986 World Cup. Following prese...
An experimental investigation of energy transfer in optically pumped fir lasers

We conducted a time-resolved double resonance study of 13CH 3 F to explore the rotational and vibrational energy transfer processes in this optically pumped far infrared (OPFIR) laser. The use of a Q-switched CO 2 laser and sensitive, tunable millimeter and submillimeter (mm/submm) techniques allowed us to probe not only the gain profile of the laser transition, but also many other states that are collisionally coupled and play important roles in the energy transfer process (1,2).
Beyond the Core Suture: A New Approach to Tendon Repair.

Despite significant improvements in zone II flexor tendon repair over the last 2 decades, function-limiting complications persist. This article describes 2 novel repair techniques utilizing flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) autografts to buttress the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) repair site without the use of core sutures. The hypothesis being that the reclaimed FDS tendon autograft will redistribute tensile forces away from the FDP repair site, increasing overall strength and resistance to gapping in Zone II flexor tendon injuries compared with the current clinical techniques. Methods Two novel FDP repair methods utilizing portions of FDS have been described: (1) asymmetric repair (AR), and (2) circumferential repair. Ultimate tensile strength and cyclical testing were used to compare novel techniques to current clinical standard repairs: 2-strand (2-St), 4-strand (4-St), and 6-strand (6-St) methods. All repairs were performed in cadaveric sheep tendons (n = 10/group), by a single surgeon. Results AR and circumferential repair techniques demonstrated comparable ultimate tensile strength to 6-St repairs, with all 3 of these techniques able to tolerate significantly stronger loads than the 2-St and 4-St repairs (P < 0.0001). Cyclical testing demonstrated that AR and circumferential repair were able to withstand a significantly higher total cumulative force (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0064, respectively) than the 6-St, while only AR tolerated a significantly greater force to 2-mm gap formation (P = 0.042) than the 6-St repair. Conclusion Incorporating FDS as an autologous graft for FDP repair provides at least a comparable ultimate tensile strength and a significantly greater cumulative force to failure and 2-mm gap formation than a traditional 6-St repair.
A Fast Response DC-DC Converter with Programmable Ripple for Combined Distributed Computation and Communication

DC-DC converters with low EMI and fast dynamic voltage scaling capability can significantly benefit the distributed computing and sensing devices in the Internet of things (IoT). However, the classic power converters have to tradeoff between fast transient response and small current ripple. We overcome this limitation by utilizing a programmable saturating inductor. In this paper, we investigate a ripple-programming architecture with compact volume, maximum power consumption of 1% of the power stage, and a ripple settling time below 1ms. The architecture includes a low-cost load estimation method with an error below 8% over the entire load range. We implement this ripple-programming architecture on a 1 MHz constant on-time buck converter prototype with a peak power of 30W. The inductor ripple can be effectively reduced by 40%.
Mepivacaine vs Bupivacaine Spinal Anesthesia in Total Hip Arthroplasty at an Ambulatory Surgery Center.

Abstract Background Mepivacaine spinal anesthetic may facilitate more rapid postoperative recovery in joint arthroplasty than bupivacaine. This study compared recovery, pain, and complications between the 2 anesthetics in anterior-approach total hip arthroplasty (THA) at a free-standing ambulatory surgery center (ASC). Methods This retrospective cohort study of 282 consecutive patients with mean age 55.7 ± 8.8 years and body mass index 30.6 ± 5.3 who underwent THA at an ASC from November 2018 to July 2020 compares mepivacaine (n = 141) vs bupivacaine (n = 141) spinal anesthesia, a transition made in March 2019. The main outcomes were length of stay in the postoperative unit (post acute care unit) prior to same-day discharge (SDD), time to controlled void, and ambulation. Secondarily, postoperative pain scores (0-10) with morphine equivalents were required and any postoperative complications were compared. Results Mepivacaine decreased mean post acute care unit stay (4.0 vs 5.7 hours, P Conclusion Mepivacaine spinal anesthesia for anterior-approach THA safely facilitated more rapid SDD from the ASC through decreased times to controlled void and ambulation with only minor increase in pain when compared to bupivacaine. Level of Evidence Level III – Retrospective comparative cohort study.
Adventures in bidirectional programming

Most programs get used in just one direction, from input to output. But sometimes, having computed an output, we need to be able to update this output and then “calculate backwards” to find a correspondingly updated input. The problem of writing such bidirectional transformations—often called lenses—arises in applications across a multitude of domains and has been attacked from many perspectives [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, etc.]. See [13] for a detailed survey.
Accounting Valuation and Current Cost Disclosures: The Case of Mexico

This study investigates the relation between the market value of publicly traded Mexican firms and their disclosures of accounting information adjusted for changing prices. The volatile hyperinflationary environment in Mexico provides an ideal setting for investigating the value relevance of inflation accounting disclosures. Specifically, I investigate the only accounting information that is required in the body of the financial statements: general price level-adjusted and current cost disclosures. Extending the work of Edwards and Bell (1961) and Ohlson (1995), I estimate a valuation model that relates inflation accounting disclosures to firm value. The results indicate that general price level-adjusted and current cost disclosures explain a significant portion of the cross-sectional variation in the market value of Mexican firms. Further, the explanatory power of holding gains is robust to inflation rates that vary from 130% to 20%. These results suggest that current cost and constant peso disclosures are relevant for determining firm value over a wide range of inflation rates.
Commutation of Large D-C Motors and Generators [includes discussion]

This paper presents a method of analysis of commutation phenomena and application of the method to calculate the voltage appearing from bar-to-bar on the commutator during commutation. This is the voltage absorbed by the brush contact and which is zero for uniform contact voltage over the contact area of the brushes. The voltage is calculated as a function of time for a 2,250-horsepower 250 rpm 600-volt motor and curves are shown and compared with curves obtained by oscillograph tests. Oscillograph curves were obtained by connecting slip rings to each of a group of commutator bars and recording voltage from ring-to-ring under various conditions of load. Abrupt pulsations of voltage under the brushes appear in the calculated and test results. It is shown that perfect commutation in the sense of complete compensation of reactance voltage is associated with pulses of brush contact voltage so that nonuniform, pulsing contact voltage is a normal condition. Calculations of the type presented constitute new criteria for successful commutation.
Solar System Observations with JWST

The James Webb Space Telescope will enable a wealth of new scientific investigations in the near- and mid- infrared, with sensitivity and spatial-spectral resolution greatly surpassing its predecessors. In this paper, we focus upon Solar System science facilitated by JWST, discussing the most current information available concerning JWST instrument properties and observing techniques relevant to planetary science. We also present numerous example observing scenarios for a wide variety of Solar System targets to illustrate the potential of JWST science to the Solar System community. This paper updates and supersedes the Solar System white paper published by the JWST Project in 2010 (Lunine et al., 2010). It is based both on that paper and on a workshop held at the annual meeting of the Division for Planetary Sciences in Reno, NV in 2012.
Projection with a Minimal System of Inequalities

Projection of a polyhedron involves the use of a cone whose extreme rays induce the inequalities defining the projection. These inequalities need not be facet defining. We introduce a transformation that produces a cone whose extreme rays induce facets of the projection.
Killing With Kindness: Fatal Flaws in the $5.7 Billion Universal Service Funding Mission and What Should be Done to Narrow the Digital Divide

Annually the FCC requires consumers to pay over $5.7 billion dollars to subsidize service by local exchange carriers operating in high cost areas, and the rates paid by residents in rural areas and Indian reservations, the poor, schools, libraries, rural hospitals and clinics. Despite this significant sum, the universal service mission remains unsolved even though new technologies and strategies could make parts of the task achievable. On the other hand, the scope of the universal service mission has become more extensive and costly as Congress identified new beneficiaries in the Telecommunications Act of 1996, including some broadband applications such as the transmission of ex-rays from a rural clinic to experts located in major urban hospitals and the installation of internal wiring in schools and libraries. Additionally the stakes have risen as a Digital Divide separates people with cheap and plentiful broadband access and those without. The FCC and its state public utility counterparts must balance the wants, needs and desires of numerous stakeholders including ones with significant political clout. Historically the universal service mission has served such ulterior motives as preserving the Bell System monopoly, transferring funds from urban to rural carriers, subsidizing service even for consumers quite able to afford the full price and making it possible for regulators to showcase extraordinarily cheap local calling rates. Now that small and large volume consumers alike have readily available ways to evade some universal service funding burdens, the FCC and state regulators cannot ignore the inefficiencies and inequities in the system. Technological innovations such as Voice Over the Internet Protocol and marketing strategies that attempt to make calling card long distance an enhanced, information service show that carriers and consumers alike have resorted to self help. Because universal service funding largely relies on long distance telephone service minutes of use, carriers and consumers have devised ways to exempt such traffic thereby increasing the burden on others. Universal service funding avoidance, coupled with an increasing financial burden makes the existing regime unsustainable. This paper will examine the flaws, defects and political accommodations existing in the current universal service funding process with an eye toward proposing a new workable system. The paper will propose a system that spreads the financial burden among all users of networks that offer services that access the public switched telephone network. Additionally the paper will identify ways to make funds work better, including equipment grants that have much lower recurring costs than annual switched service discounts. Lastly the paper will address what compromises and tradeoffs that Congress must impose on incumbent universal service beneficiaries, such as local exchange carriers.
Rates of Victimization of Violence Committed by Relatives With Psychiatric Disorders

Persons with psychiatric disorders are at an increased risk of committing violence, with approximately half of all violence being perpetrated against family members. However, family violence perpetrated by persons with psychiatric disorders is a highly under-researched area, so much so that it is impossible to even approximately estimate the extent of the problem. This article presents the results of a national online survey of 573 adults with an adult relative with psychiatric disorders. Nearly half (47%) of all respondents reported being the victim of violence committed by their relative with psychiatric disorders since the onset of their relative's illness, and 22% reported being the victim of such violence in the past 6 months. Being the victim of minor versus serious violence was examined. The results of this study, in combination with sparse research previously conducted, suggest that 20% to 35% of persons with high levels of contact with a relative with psychiatric disorders have been the victim of violence committed by their relative with psychiatric disorders in the past 6 to 12 months, and that at least 40% have been the victim of said violence since the onset of their relative's illness. In the present study, no statistically significant differences were detected in rates of victimization based on the relationship type of the respondent to their relative with psychiatric disorders. It is imperative that further research be conducted that may inform the development of policies and interventions aiming to prevent family violence perpetrated by persons with psychiatric disorders.
Computer program for storage and retrieval of the nucleic acid structures

Abstract The availability of a large number of tRNA sequences has created a need for computer programs to store the data. A program written in FORTRAN laguange allows one to store tRNA sequences and to retrieve information. The data are stored in such a way that it allows a direct comparison of various tRNA sequences. Moreover, the program draws the ‘cloverleaf’ structure of any stored tRNA sequence and also provides the characteristics of minor, modified nucleosides and major references. Additions and corrections to the program and stored data can be made easily and an individual does not need computer programming skills to use the program.
Incisional endometriosis: an underappreciated diagnosis in general surgery.

Abstract Background: Incisional endometriosis is a described clinical entity in the gynecologic literature, but it is not well recognized among general surgeons; only 32 cases have been reported in the general surgery literature. The preoperative diagnosis is often mistaken for a suture granuloma, lipoma, abscess, cyst, or incisional hernia. Study Design: We performed a retrospective review of 10 cases of incisional endometriosis at our institution to determine which, if any, clinical factors would suggest the diagnosis preoperatively. All general surgery patients who had the diagnosis of endometriosis in their pathology specimens from January 1990 to December 1998 were reviewed. Results: All 10 patients had previous cesarean sections through either a Pfannenstiel (n = 8) or a lower midline (n = 2) incision. Ages ranged from 27 to 41 years (mean 33.4 years). The most common presenting symptom was a slow-growing, painful lump in the lateral aspect of the Pfannenstiel incision. Two of the patients had a change in symptoms with their menstrual cycle. The duration of symptoms ranged from 2 months to 3 years. All patients underwent surgical excision. The size of the excised endometriomas ranged from 1.5 cm to 4.8 cm (mean 3.1 cm). Conclusions: Incisional endometriosis may be more common than previously recognized. In all cases it was found to occur in women with a history of cesarean section. Most patients presented with a painful, slow-growing lump at the lateral edge of their incision. Cyclic changes in pain and size of the mass with menses was elicited in only two of these patients, but this may be from a lack of awareness and questioning on the part of the physician. If the diagnosis is made preoperatively, additional diagnostic studies may be avoided. An awareness of this disease process on the part of general surgeons is necessary to guide preoperative evaluation and therapy appropriately.
Type-II interband cascade lasers emitting at wavelengths beyond 5.1 [micro sign]m

Type-II interband cascade lasers have been demonstrated at emission wavelengths longer than 5.1 /spl mu/m at temperatures up to 163 K and 240 K in continuous wave and pulsed modes, respectively. The emission wavelengths are the longest attained among III-V interband diode lasers. The threshold current density is as low as 36 A/cm/sup 2/ at 80 K.
Using Grammar Rule Clusters for Semantic Relation Classification

Automatically-derived grammars, such as the split-and-merge model, have proven helpful in parsing (Petrov et al., 2006). As such grammars are refined, latent information is recovered which may be usable for linguistic tasks besides parsing. In this paper, we present and examine a new method of semantic relation classification: using automatically-derived grammar rule clusters as a robust knowledge source for semantic relation classification. We examine performance of this feature group on the SemEval 2010 Relation Classification corpus, and find that it improves performance over both more coarse-grained and more fine-grained syntactic and collocational features in semantic relation classification.
Exploring Young Children’s Use of Illustrations in a Picturebook

Using analysis of oral reading and eye movements, this study examined how third grade children used visual information as they orally read either the original or the adapted version of a picturebook. Eye tracking was examined to identify when and why students focused on images as well as what they looked at in the images. Results document children’s deliberate use of images and point to the important role of images in text processing. The content of images, availability and placement of text and images on a page, and children’s personal strategies affected the use of images.
Diode laser measurements of air and nitrogen broadening in the ν2 bands of HDO, H216O, and H218O

Abstract Pressure-broadening coefficients for several rotation-vibration lines in the ν 2 bands of HDO, H 2 16 O, and H 2 18 O have been determined from laboratory spectra recorded in the 1260- to 1360-cm −1 region with a tunable diode laser spectrometer system. Air and nitrogen were used as the broadening gases and, for all the measured transitions, the nitrogen-broadened half-widths were found to be consistently larger than the corresponding air-broadened half-widths by about 12%. The results have been compared to previously published values when appropriate.
Beta-particle and gamma-ray angular distributions from 186Re, 188Re and 194Ir polarized in iron at low temperatures

Abstract Nuclei of 186Re, 188Re and 194Ir have been polarized in iron at low temperatures. The angular distributions of electrons from the first-forbidden β-decays were observed as functions of particle energy, using Li drifted germanium detectors. The anisotropies of the γ-rays which de-excite the 2+ levels in the daughter nuclei were also measured. The information obtained is sufficient to permit an analysis for the nuclear matrix elements and possibly to use as a test of the conserved vector current hypothesis, but no detailed analysis has as yet been made. The β- particle angular distributions of the Re cases were in general agreement with previous results, but the experimental accuracy was greatly improved.
Immunocytochemical localization of choline acetyltransferase-like immunoreactivity in the guinea pig cochlea.

Abstract The immunocytochemical localization of the enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) was examined in the guinea pig organ of Corti to determine if both lateral and medial systems of efferents would show immunoreactive labeling for this specific enzyme marker of cholinergic neurons. Cochleae were also examined after lesion of efferents to determine if ChAT-like immunoreactivity is confined to efferents. ChAT-like immunoreactivity was seen in the inner spiral bundle, tunnel spiral bundle and by the bases of inner hair cells corresponding to the lateral system of efferents. ChAT-like immunoreactivity was also seen in crossing fibers and puncta at the bases and by the nuclei of outer hair cells corresponding to the medial system of efferents. With the use of video enhanced contrast microscopy more than 9 ChAT-like immunoreactive puncta at the bases of outer hair cells could be resolved. In cochleae examined 6 weels after ipsilateral lesion of efferents, no ChAT-like immunoreactivity was observed. These results add strong evidence that acetylcholine is a transmitter of both the medial and lateral systems of efferents.
The Bush Administration's health care proposal: the proper establishment of a consumer-driven health care regime.

In his State of the Union address on January 31, 2006, President George W. Bush asserted: “for all Americans, we must confront the rising cost of care, strengthen the doctor-patient relationship, and help people afford the insurance coverage they need.” Soon thereafter, the White House National Economic Council released a summary of President Bush's plans for health care reform. The Bush plan argues that increased consumer control over health care purchasing decisions will go a long way to solving America's health care woes. By making patients more value-conscious consumers, the Bush Administration hopes to reduce costs, improve quality and increase competition within the health care sector. The problem of rising health care costs is not new. In fact, President Bush's statement could have come from any American President in the last fifty years.
Accelerated identification of transformed cell clones expressing receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase

Protocols and techniques are described for the transfection of DNA into eucaryotic cells. Both transient and stable transfection protocols are described. The modifications of the methodology to obtain and analyze stable transfected clones are designed to accelerate the isolation of clones and as a consequence reduce the effort and cost involved in carrying several cell lines simultaneously. Plating the transfected cells for selection in 96-well microtitration plates facilitates the expansion of the clones and minimizes mixing of cells derived from different ones. An in situ assay for binding and adenylyl cyclase activity reduces the number of cells needed for preliminary identification of cell lines expressing receptors that either stimulate or inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
Role of physician in preserving verbal evidence of child abuse

The medical profession has assumed a leadership role in the effort to understand and reduce maltreatment of children, and the physician is the professional with primary responsibility for the diagnosis, treatment, and reporting of physical and sexual abuse. Although physicians are increasingly sophisticated in their ability to detect and respond to abuse, one important aspect of the problem that has received scant attention in the literature involves the physician's role in eliciting and documenting statements from child victims in such a way that the statements will be admissible in evidence in subsequent legal proceedings. The purpose of this article is to acquaint the physician with the vital role he or she plays in the preservation of verbal evidence of physical and sexual abuse. From the legal point of view, child abuse is often extremely difficult to prove. ~ Physical evidence of abuse, especially sexual abuse, may be lacking or equivocal. ~ In addition, the victim is usually the only eyewitness to abuse; therefore the prosecutor's ability to establish the identity of the offender may turn on the child's competence to take the witness stand and testify? Although there is no minimum age below which children are automatically disqualified as witnesses, many victims aged 4 years and younger are unable to testify. 4 Most older children possess the psychologic competence to give evidence, but they may be intimidated into silence or they may recant, denying earlier descriptions of abuse or the abuser? The inability of so many children to serve as effective witnesses undermines the ability of the state to protect them through the legal
A lethal mutation (cab) affecting heart function in the mouse.

A new autosomal recessive gene (cab, ‘cardiac abnormality’), which affects heart differentiation appeared spontaneously in our mouse colony. The affected homozygotes die approximately half a day prior to birth or at term, with the myocardium exhibiting vacuolation and large areas of mesenchyme-like cells. A significant finding in mutant foetuses is the lack of histochemically detectable glycogen.
N(e,e'γ) and the N-Δ transition quadrupole moment

Abstract The N(e, e'γ) reaction is investigated to find the N-Δ transition quadrupole moment. The cross section is expressed in terms of N-Δ transition form factors, and it shows a typical dipole radiation pattern if the quadrupole moment vanishes. Given a finite transition quadrupole moment, the dipole radiation pattern rotates. In the laboratory frame, the radiation is peaked in the forward direction due to the Δ-motion. Measurement in the out-of-scattering plane is suggested to find the quadrupole moment. The exchange diagram contribution to the cross section is calculated to be at most 3% if we use the isobar model for the Δ-propagator.
Distribution of cytophilic and anti-macrophage antibody on the macrophage surface.

The binding of cytophilic antibody to the macrophage surface results in patterns of distribution similar to those obtained when specific anti-macrophage antibody is used. These patterns are (a) diffuse circumferential binding at 4d``C, and (b) capping at 37d``C. The non-random distribution of the cytophilic antibody suggests that it binds to certain well-defined sites on the macrophage membrane.
The impact of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment

Abstract Correctional staff are the heart and soul of any correctional facility. While there was a significant body of research on the impact of the work environment on correctional staff, this study sought to expand that knowledge by examining the effects of distributive and procedural justice on correctional staff job stress, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. Multivariate models were estimated. Both forms of organizational justice had negative effects on job stress and organizational commitment; however, only procedural justice, but not distributive justice, had a significant impact on job satisfaction.
Corrosion of aluminum electrodes in aqueous slurries for lithium-ion batteries

Current manufacturing methods for lithium ion batteries use a non-aqueous solvent for producing slurries of cathode active materials and applying them to the aluminum current collectors. Transition to a water-based process may be desirable to reduce volatile organic compound emissions and costs, and increase processing efficiency. This transition may lead to additional complexities such as corrosion that could impact the performance of cells in service. The current work shows that the use of aqueous-based slurries for manufacturing lithium ion batteries can lead to general and pitting corrosion of the aluminum alloy foils used as current collectors with contact times as short as 100 s. Pitting corrosion initiates due to localized galvanic cells between cathodic intermetallic particles present in the aluminum alloy and the locally anodic aluminum matrix. The extent of pitting and amount of general corrosion product formed differs when using slurries of different active material compositions and increases with slurries of higher inherent pH. The presence of the intermetallic particles in the aluminum alloy is expected based on the chemical composition of the material. While elimination of the intermetallics from the aluminum is possible by increasing the purity of the material, it is unlikely that this mitigation strategy would be implemented due to economic considerations.