cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design Education in the Post‐Digital Age By John Maeda

Recently, the Museum of Art and Design (MAD) in New York City put on an exhibition called Materializing the Postdigital. It showcased the original and beautiful clothes and sculptures that can now be designed and created using 3D printing and other digital making technologies. The most powerful message of the exhibition was the title itself because it highlighted, for the first time, the fact that we have finally incorporated a new generation of making technologies and can finally get back to the heart and soul of design—the making itself. Which is why John Maeda's “Design Education in the Post-Digital Age” is so important. For 20 years, a generation really, designers, entrepreneurs, business managers and professors have been busy struggling with the new technologies of making. It has been a tense and difficult time, particularly in education, where change comes slowly. Maeda aptly highlights these struggles in academia and how the rise of new digital design technologies has led to conflict between older and younger designers and between older professors and younger students. He also states boldly what so many have said quietly, which is that the obsession with digital technology has often led to a segregation of creativity from technology. Or, for those who reject digital technology entirely, it has led to a stifling of creativity. Maeda's message is singularly clear. Let's get on with integrating technology into our process so we can return to our true goals as artists and innovators creating the new and building a better future for people. The growing integration of design with high-tech startups shows us what can be accomplished.
A Shift in the Wind: The Siting of Wind Power Projects on Public Lands in the Obama Era

Wind energy production in the United States skyrocketed in the first decade of the twenty-first century. Capacity for wind-generated electricity in the United States increased by a factor of fourteen—from just under 2500 megawatts (MW) at the turn of the millennium to over 35,000 MW at the beginning of 2010. The United States propelled past Germany as the world’s leading wind-harnessing nation in 2008, and more capacity was added in this country from wind energy in 2009 than from any other source except natural gas. American wind turbines currently supply enough electricity to meet the demands of roughly eight to eleven million American households. As the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) touts, “[w]ind energy is no longer a boutique energy source. It is
Hormonal control of a developing neuromuscular system. II. Sensitive periods for the androgen-induced masculinization of the rat spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus

The spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB) and its target muscles are reduced or absent in normal female rats (Breedlove, S. M., and A. P. Arnold (1980) Science 210: 564–566). We now report that prenatal treatment of females with testosterone propionate (TP) significantly increases the number of SNB neurons found in adulthood. Dihydrotesterone propionate (DHTP) treatment just after but not before birth also masculinizes the number of SNB neurons in females. SNB soma size is significantly masculinized, i.e., enlarged, by administration of androgen prenatally or as late as 7 to 11 days after birth, even though this late postnatal treatment has no effect on the number of SNB cells. Following TP treatment in adulthood, the androgenized females did not display the postural correlates of male copulatory behavior more often than did control females. From these results we infer the following. (1) Androgens act both before and after birth to influence the sexually dimorphic development of the SNB system. (2) There are different sensitive periods for the masculinization of SNB neuronal number and neuronal size, indicating that these two dimorphic characteristics of the SNB are masculinized by somewhat independent mechanisms. (3) TP and DHTP may act via separate mechanisms to alter the number of SNB neurons. (4) Aromatized metabolites of testosterone are not necessary for masculinization of the SNB system. (5) Virilization of the SNB system does not ensure the masculinization of the traditionally defined measures of male copulatory behavior in rodents.
Pilot Randomized Trial Of A Cross‐Diagnosis Collaborative Care Program For Patients With Mood Disorders

Objectives Chronic care models improved outcomes for persons with mental disorders but to date have primarily been tested for single diagnoses (e.g. unipolar depression). We report findings from a pilot multisite randomized controlled trial of a cross-diagnosis care model for patients with mood disorders. Methods Patients (N = 60) seen in one of four primary care or mental health clinics affiliated with the National Network of Depression Centers were randomized to receive a mood disorder care model, Life Goals Collaborative Care (LGCC, N = 29) or usual care (N = 31). LGCC consisted of five group self-management sessions focused on mood symptom coping and health behavior change strategies followed by monthly patient and provider care management contacts for up to 6 months. Outcomes at 3 and 6 months included mood symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire—PHQ-9, Internal State Scale—well-being, Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale) and health-related quality of life. Results Of the 60 enrolled, the mean age was 46.2 (SD = 13.2), 73.3% were female, 16.7% were non-white, and 36.8% had a bipolar disorder diagnosis. LGCC was associated with greater likelihood of depressive symptom remission in 6 months (respectively, 50% versus 19% had a PHQ-9 score ≤9 and 50% reduction in PHQ-9 score, P = .04) and improved well-being (β = 2.66, P ≤ .01, Cohen's D = 0.43). Conclusions LGCC may improve outcomes for patients regardless of mood diagnosis, potentially providing a feasible and generalizable chronic care model for routine practice settings.
QueryLens: Beyond ID-Based Information Access

This paper discusses how ID-based information access, i.e., information access that utilizes IDs of physical entities, can be enhanced to function in a dynamic and social environment, where users can participate in the process of designing and extending the information space. QueryLens is a system that accumulates queries, connects them to a relevant physical object, allows a user to share and modify them, and uses them to capture answers.
Primary Production and the Global Epidemic of Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea: A Linkage?

There is general consensus that phytoplankton growth in the sea is often nutrient-limited, and that the uptake of nutrients such as N, P and Si follows a stoichiometric proportionality ╌ the Redfield Ratio. Nutrient addition tends to relax, at least temporarily, nutrient-limitation; numerous nutrient enrichment experiments have demonstrated this. Nutrient limitation may produce two different effects: biomass limitation (a community level effect) or physiological limitation (a cellular level effect). In biomass limitation, the response to nutrient enrichment tends to follow a yield-dose relationship, i.e. increased biomass accompanies increased nutrient availability. Biomass limitation appears to be the primary manifestation of nutrient limitation in the sea. Physiological limitation rarely has been established in situ, although species successional changes provide indirect evidence for its occurrence. A species exhibiting reduced physiological vigour and growth rate induced by nutrient limitation may be out-competed and replaced by species better adapted to prevailing nutrient conditions. The successful species will then become progressively biomass-limited by nutrient availability.
Bulgakov's Account of Creation: Neglected Aspects, Critics and Contemporary Relevance

The article focuses on a central, yet neglected dimension of the ‘Sophia Debate’ in twentieth-century Russian Orthodox theology: Bulgakov's panentheistic account of creation and its critique by Nikolai Lossky. Bulgakov understood the doctrine of creation to be negatively defined as creatio ex nihilo and positively defined as creatio ex Deo. Bulgakov's sophiology seeks to relate God and the world through the intermediate concept of Sophia, balancing an account of God's being in the world with an account of the world's eternal foundation in God. Lossky objected that Bulgakov's account underemphasizes novelty, contingency and the free character of creation. Lossky's objections notwithstanding, Bulgakov's version of panentheism – especially its trinitarian, antinomian and kenotic dimensions – finds significant points of contact with contemporary accounts of creation.
Magmatic processes that produced lunar fire fountains

Reanalysis of the Apollo 15 A, B, and C green glass beads from slide 15426,72, led to the discovery of patchy, highly vesicular glass rims adhering to beads. These rims are high in S and Ni and low in MgO, but otherwise compositionally similar to the green glasses. We find that these rims represent a unique melt composition that places constraints on lunar magmatic processes. Combining the compositional data for the vesicular glass rims with new minor element data for the green glass beads leads us to hypothesize that the vesicular rim fluid originated near the green glass source, at about 2.2 GPa. These findings support the theory of a heterogeneous lunar mantle, and suggest that sulfur did not drive the eruption from depth, but that degassing volatiles into the vacuum did drive the final fire fountain eruption.
Contact lenses, disinfectants, and Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Publisher Summary The chapter introduces Acanthamoeba Keratitis as a small filose, free-living amoeba with a cyst stage with ostioles. Acanthamoeba species are voracious predators of various Gram-negative bacteria, cyanobacteria, and fungi. Species are cannibalistic or pathogenic and grows in axenic enrichment culture and on defined media. The chapter discusses its taxonomy and various strains and culture conditions. The chapter also discusses the infectious nature of the amoeba. Acanthamoeba species cause the disease of the central nervous system which occurs primarily among the immunosuppressed or chronically ill, particularly AIDS patients. Acanthamoeba keratitis occurs most commonly among healthy normal individuals and seems associated with the minor trauma to the eye that accompanies contact lens wear. Failure to comply with proper hygienic procedures for cleaning and disinfecting lenses appears to be the major factor in most contact-lens-related eye infections. Species of Acanthamoeba dwell in damp soils and upper zones of mud in rivers and lakes and in anthropogenic water reservoirs. Cysts and trophozoites are carried by humans and distributed by wind, water, and animals. Species of Acanthamoeba readily colonize surface biofilms in swimming pools, hot tubs, heating-, ventilation-, and air-conditioning systems, and domestic water taps and eye-wash stations. The chapter also discusses disinfecting methods such as isopropyl alcohol cleaning system an “O 2 conditioner” which can kill both cysts and trophozoites within 30 minutes of exposure. Various reports indicate that trophozoites adhere preferentially over cysts to contact lenses and that various species and strains differentially adhere to the four Food and Drug administration (FDA) hydrogel lens groups. Both cysts and trophozoites show greater adherence to the higher-water-content lenses. Fastidious cleaning and disinfection of contact lenses, with particular care in lens storage, are necessary in the control of Acanthamoeba keratitis .
3D voxel construction based on epipolar geometry

In this paper, we propose an approach for construction of a projective 3D voxel space based on epipolar geometry obtained with weak calibration. This concept of voxel space defines the epipolar lines following to the coordinate axis. In the field of computer vision, it is common to reconstruct 3D geometry data based on camera calibration data and disparities of matching points in each image. In the case that the goal of the system is generating the images from another point of view, complete 3D geometry reconstruction is not presently required. However, detecting the consistent matching points in several pairs of images without complete 3D geometry information is difficult. This paper describes the concept of projective 3D voxel, which makes it possible to handle 3D geometric data without complete 3D geometry information.
The Challenge of Australian Tax Policy

A SERIES OF ARTICLES published in the last few years in the Australian magazine, Progress, by A. R. Hutchinson of Melbourne, focuses attention upon studies made by the Land Values Research Group, of which Mr. Hutchinson is Director of Research. The conclusions to which these studies seem to point are almost precisely those which the very few professional economists seriously interested in the taxation of land values would have expected. Nevertheless, to the majority of American economists, these conclusions and the supporting data may come as a surprise. It might be well if such economists would seek to familiarize themselves with the data. In large part, Mr. Hutchinson's articles have been republished in a thirty-two page booklet entitled "Public Charges upon Land Values"' and in two folders entitled, respectively, "Housing the Nation" and "Rating Land Values in Practice-Results in Greater Melbourne." These reports will be dealt with here as a unit. Hutchinson classifies the Australian states into two groups based on the proportionate burden of taxes on land values. The first group of states consists of Queensland, New South Wales, and Western Australia. In all of these, local real estate taxes are, in general, levied on land values only. Land-value taxes in Queensland take for the public, he estimates, more than half (54.5 per cent) of the annual rental value of the land; in New South Wales nearly a third; in Western Australia about a sixth. (In Western Australia, though the rural areas tax mainly land values, the municipalities tax land and improvements equally. Besides local taxes there are, in most of the states, state land taxes; but these taxes Hutchinson considers relatively unimportant because in several of the states they are paid only by lands above a certain value and because they raise so much less revenue than do the local taxes.) 1 Melbourne (Published for the Land Values Research Group by the Henry George Foundation of Australia), 1945.
The Effect of Demineralized Bone Matrix-Calcium Sulfate with Vancomycin on Calcaneal Fracture Healing and Infection Rates: A Prospective Study:

Background: Displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures may have a central cancellous bone defect area. We hypothesized that human demineralized bone matrix (DBM) calcium sulfate (CaSO4) might act...
Low load for disruptive mutations in autism genes and their biased transmission

We previously computed that genes with de novo (DN) likely gene-disruptive (LGD) mutations in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have high vulnerability: disruptive mutations in many of these genes, the vulnerable autism genes, will have a high likelihood of resulting in ASD. Because individuals with ASD have lower fecundity, such mutations in autism genes would be under strong negative selection pressure. An immediate prediction is that these genes will have a lower LGD load than typical genes in the human gene pool. We confirm this hypothesis in an explicit test by measuring the load of disruptive mutations in whole-exome sequence databases from two cohorts. We use information about mutational load to show that lower and higher intelligence quotients (IQ) affected individuals can be distinguished by the mutational load in their respective gene targets, as well as to help prioritize gene targets by their likelihood of being autism genes. Moreover, we demonstrate that transmission of rare disruptions in genes with a lower LGD load occurs more often to affected offspring; we show transmission originates most often from the mother, and transmission of such variants is seen more often in offspring with lower IQ. A surprising proportion of transmission of these rare events comes from genes expressed in the embryonic brain that show sharply reduced expression shortly after birth.
Binding Energy of a Neutron Gas

The energy of a neutron gas is determined as a function of density using the methods of Brueckner and Gammel. The system is unbound at all densities. The change in energy from a superconducting type of level inversion is estimated and shown to be negligible.
The control of strawberry-seed beetle (Harpalus rufipes Deg.); with observations on the damage it causes and that by linnets (Carduelis cannabina cannabina (L.))

SUMMARY In a laboratory trial, the previous diet of strawberry-seed beetles influenced their choice of food. The beetles generally preferred crushed oats to chicken pellets or bran though they fed more often on ripe strawberries than on the other foods. Baits of crushed oats containing malathion and fenitrothion (each at 0·15% active ingredient) and 0·1% a.i. of aldrin were eaten when strawberries were also available. In field trials, beetle mortality ranged from about 30% in small enclosed plots to about 90% in large field plots. Malathion bait remained effective for 5–7 days under wet conditions and 10–12 days under dry. Fenitrothion and aldrin baits were effective for 2–3 weeks. Observations made after using fenitrothion baits suggest that they are not a danger to wild life. In a survey of forty-seven commercial crops linnet damage was found in thirty-five crops and seed-beetle damage in three crops. Linnet damage was most severe in unstrawed maiden crops.
Freeze-fracture studies of the structure of rod outer segment membranes: New observations regarding the distribution of particle-free patches and the location of the fracture planes in conventionally prepared retinas

In a continuing study by electron microscopy of rod outer segment membranes in replicas from freeze-fractured retinas of various species, new findings have been obtained which bear upon the process of disk membrane assembly. According to current models, disk membranes at the base of the rod outer segment are formed simply by the expansion of either the plasma membrane of the outer segment through an in-folding, or of the plasma membrane of the connecting cilium through paired out-foldings. In both Bufo marinus and northern Rana pipiens we have found particle-free patches in newly formed disks, but not in the outer segment plasma membrane. This structural distinction in the rod outer segments of these species between the densely particulate plasma membrane and forming disks at the base suggests that chemical modification of some elements within the forming disk and plasma membranes may accompany their dynamic interplay during outer segment growth. We also present an experiment supporting the bilayer-splitting hypothesis for the predominant location of the fracture planes in the exceptionally protein-rich membranes of outer segments after conventional fixation and cryoprotection.
Search for high-energy tau-neutrino interactions

Kinematic selection criteria are developed for separating tau-neutrino charged-current interactions from a large background of muon- and electron-neutrino interactions. The criteria are designed to detect the three-prong decay mode of the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ lepton and rely on the three-particle combination's transverse momentum being anticorrelated with the tr\'ansverse momentum of the other visible particles and being correlated with the missing transverse momentum. The criteria are applied to a sample of events from an exposure of the Fermilab 15-ft bubble chamber to the quadrupole triplet neutrino beam. The average event energies for this beam are 90 GeV for neutrino and 60 GeV for antineutrino events. The $14 \ensuremath{\tau}$ candidates selected agree with the calculated background of 14.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.2. An upper limit on the probability of muon neutrinos oscillating into tau neutrinos of 0.053 is obtained.
Role of Collective Interactions in Self‐Assembly of Charged Particles at Liquid Interfaces

Charged nano-colloidal particles self-assemble and display ordered arrays or other structures at liquid interfaces. We used Monte Carlo (MC) simulations to examine the effect of long-range repulsive collective inter-particle interactions on structural transitions from liquid-like to crystallike. We used the asymptotic pair interaction potential proposed by Hurd (J. Phys. A. Math Gen 18, L1055 (1985)), which includes both the screened Coulombic contribution and the dipole-dipole interaction. The effects of the collective inter-particle interactions on the interfacial 2-D colloid structure formation were quantified by the radial distribution function and the potential of the mean force. The MC simulations agreed with the experimentally observed particle structural transitions at both the air-water and oil-water interfaces. The effects of the particle charge and interfacial coverage on the 2-D structure formation were analyzed. The significance of the results lies in their potential applications in inducing 2-D structural transitions in interfacial colloids to form ordered structures; this controls the emulsion and foam stability, and aids in the fabrication of patterned materials with desirable properties.
Single-Source Precursors to Titanium Nitride Thin Films

The syntheses of the first single-source precursors to gold-colored titanium nitride films are reported. The precursors have the empirical formula [TiCl2(NHR)2(NH2R)0–2] and [TiCl4(NH3)2] and are obtained upon treatment of titanium tetrachloride with alkylamines or ammonia in nonpolar organic solvents. Both precursors sublime without decomposition between 80-120 °C and 0.01–0.1 mmHg. Deposition of titanium nitride films on glass and silicon substrates was achieved using either precursor at substrate temperatures of 475–600 °C. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, resistivity measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular, low levels of carbon and chlorine contaminants were observed in the films.
The role of evolution in the invasion process.

Biological invasions occur when organisms are transported and become established in a new range in which they persist, proliferate, and spread (1). The negative consequences of invasions include loss of native biological diversity and community structure (and in extreme cases, the extinction of native species) (2); modification of ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and productivity patterns; alteration of disturbance regimes, especially the frequency of wildfires (3); reduced agricultural productivity; human health concerns; and enormous economic costs (1, 4). Consequently, invasive species are now considered to be one of the leading contributors to global change (5) and thus have been the focus of an extensive amount of ecological and ecosystem-level research. Much of this research has focused on answering a series of questions associated with predicting invasions: Which species will become invasive? Which life-history traits contribute to invasiveness? Which communities are susceptible to invasion? What will be the ecological and ecosystem-level consequences of invasion? Unfortunately, answers to these questions remain elusive (1). It is surprising to note, however, that little research has focused on the evolutionary aspects of biological invasions and addressed how evolutionary mechanisms may contribute to the success of an invasion (2, 6, 7). In contrast, the research of Lavergne and Molofsky (8) reported in this issue of PNAS examines the factors that contribute to range expansion and the invasiveness of Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canarygrass) in North America and provides powerful insights into the role of evolution in the invasion process. The invasion process can be viewed as a series of steps that are initiated when propagules of a species (seeds, eggs, larvae, vegetative material, mature individuals, etc.) are sampled in their native range and transported to a new area (1, 4). These immigrants probably experience high mortality rates while in transit, and … †E-mail: snovak{at}boisestate.edu
Beyond race: Towards a whole-genome perspective on human populations and genetic variation

The renewed emphasis on population-specific genetic variation, exemplified most prominently by the International HapMap Project, is complicated by a longstanding, uncritical reliance on existing population categories in genetic research. Race and other pre-existing population definitions (ethnicity, religion, language, nationality, culture and so on) tend to be contentious concepts that have polarized discussions about the ethics and science of research into population-specific human genetic variation. By contrast, a broader consideration of the multiple historical sources of genetic variation provides a whole-genome perspective on the ways i n which existing population definitions do, and do not, account for how genetic variation is distributed among individuals. Although genetics will continue to rely on analytical tools that make use of particular population histories, it is important to interpret findings in a broader genomic context.
The global rare-earth cycle

Abstract The global cycle of rare earths involves a series of complex interactive processes. This dynamic system includes atmospheric phenomena, geologic activity, physical and chemical weathering, hydrologic cycles, and the contributions of mankind. Mankind's effect began with the separation of the first rare earth, 200 years ago. Since that time, demand for the rare earths has continued to increase. Global changes over the past two centuries have been minimal, but measurable. The future effect of increased demand on the global system is not known. On a global scale, a defined base for observation and measurement is necessary to compare and effectively respond to future changes in the system, both natural and those influenced by human activity. The beginning of mankind's effect on the global rare-earth cycle began 200 years ago. Although rare-earth bearing minerals were collected prior to 1794, none were identified as containing a new “rare” and different “earth” (historical term for oxide) until Swedish Lieutenant Karl Axel Arrhenius collected and examined the mineral ytterbite (later renamed gadolinite) in 1787. Separation of the first impure oxide in 1794 by Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin marked mankind's entry into the dynamics of the global cycle as rare earths were extracted from nature and offered to science and industry.
IMPLICATIONS OF LEARNING AND DOING: ON THE MICRO-FOUNDATIONS OF TRADE, INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

In discussing the Mill–Bastable doctrine, where under provisos, infant-industry protection may be justifiable to encourage entry against a first mover that lacks inherent advantage, Kemp (1960) noted that if infant-industry protection can block the competition from the foreign first mover, entry by domestic rivals may still inhibit the potential second mover who lacks experience and acquired skill, and asked whether better alternatives exist. Later studies raised more doubts; no provision is made for infant-industry protection under WTO-GATT. This study calls to attention that in fact globalization has brought a better alternative. As explained in Tung and Wan (2011), as first movers, Americans invented the hard disk drive, and then in pilot plants, Singaporean workers gained the production experience to impart that acquired skill into operational menus for mass production by Thais, with their inherent advantage of abundant labor.
A Financial Reporting Model for Dependent Market Economies

This paper attempts to assess the extent to which the conventional income statement fulfils the information needs of the investor in developing countries. Evidence of imperfections in the market in these countries is examined, and it is demonstrated that the conventional income measure does not necessarily permit an assessment of the economic efficiency of enterprises in developing countries. An alternative measure based on the dichotomization of reported income into income due io protection and income at world prices is presented and defended as a suitable model for financial reporting in these countries.
Wound healing: Development of the basic concepts

Abstract Since the literature dealing with wound healing from ancient times to the end of the 18th century is entirely clinical, the subject in all of the older accounts is bound up inextricably with wound management. The number of such accounts is understandably large. Whether presented ready-made or produced on an elective basis, wounds have always been the stock in trade and the favorite literary subject of surgeons, and every practitioner of the chirurgical arts is forced to come to grips with the problems associated with them. Wounds figure prominently in the oldest of the surgical treatises, the Edwin Smith Papyrus (c 1600 B.C.E.) where, in contrast to the fuzziness associated with ordinary disease descriptions in Egyptian documents, accounts of injuries and their management leap across the millenia to the mind of the modern reader with startling clarity. 1
Growth of nanostructured CuO thin films via microplasma-assisted, reactive chemical vapor deposition at high pressures

Abstract A variety of nanostructured CuO thin films composed of vertically-aligned wires, needles, leaves, trees, and fans were grown using DC microplasma jets at high pressure (∼10 Torr) under oxidizing conditions. A directed flux of active Cu species (atoms, metastables, etc.) for growth was created through dissociation of an organometallic Cu precursor in the hollow-cathode region of a flow-stabilized microplasma, followed by entrainment of species in the expanding, supersonic gas jet. Phase-pure CuO films were spray-deposited onto Si and ITO using both static and raster-scanned jet configurations with growth rates as high as several nm/s. The effects of background gas atmosphere, precursor flux, deposition time, substrate scanning speed, and substrate temperature on CuO film morphology and growth rate are discussed.
Developmentally appropriate practices in Asian Indian early childhood classrooms

The goal of the present study is to explore the use of developmentally appropriate practices in Asian Indian early childhood classrooms. This information is critical for all early childhood educators and teacher educators because the society we live in is fast becoming extremely diverse and our classrooms are becoming a cauldron of various cultures, languages, personalities and views on education. Twenty‐one early childhood classrooms were observed in a southern metropolitan city in south India. The trained researchers filled out the Rating Scale to Assess the Use of Developmentally Appropriate Practices in Early Childhood Classrooms to evaluate the use of developmentally appropriate practices in the classrooms. The observations are in the categories of creating a caring community of learners, teaching to enhance development and learning, constructing appropriate curriculum, assessing children’s learning and development, and reciprocal relationships with parents and families. Preliminary descriptive analy...
Auditory brainstem responses to tone bursts in normally hearing subjects.

Auditory brainstem responses were recorded from 20 normally hearing subjects using tone-burst stimuli that were gated with cosine-squared functions. Clear responses were observed over a wide range ...
Effects of Dielectrophoresis on Growth, Viability and Immuno-reactivity of Listeria monocytogenes.

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has been regarded as a useful tool for manipulating biological cells prior to the detection of cells. Since DEP uses high AC electrical fields, it is important to examine whether these electrical fields in any way damage cells or affect their characteristics in subsequent analytical procedures. In this study, we investigated the effects of DEP manipulation on the characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes cells, including the immuno-reactivity to several Listeria- specific antibodies, the cell growth profile in liquid medium, and the cell viability on selective agar plates. It was found that a 1-h DEP treatment increased the cell immuno-reactivity to the commercial Listeria species-specific polyclonal antibodies (from KPL) by ~31.8% and to the C11E9 monoclonal antibodies by ~82.9%, whereas no significant changes were observed with either anti-InlB or anti-ActA antibodies. A 1-h DEP treatment did not cause any change in the growth profile of Listeria in the low conductive growth medium (LCGM); however, prolonged treatments (4 h or greater) caused significant delays in cell growth. The results of plating methods showed that a 4-h DEP treatment (5 MHz, 20 Vpp) reduced the viable cell numbers by 56.8–89.7 %. These results indicated that DEP manipulation may or may not affect the final detection signal in immuno-based detection depending on the type of antigen-antibody reaction involved. However, prolonged DEP treatment for manipulating bacterial cells could produce negative effects on the cell detection by growth-based methods. Careful selection of DEP operation conditions could avoid or minimize negative effects on subsequent cell detection performance.
Effect of P 2 O 5 on optical parameters of (25−x) CaO–xP 2 O 5 –B 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –ZnO sol–gel glasses: a theoretical assessment

The present investigation is an attempt to address the effect of P2O5 on the optical properties, cross link density (nc) as well as theoretical parameters like Poisson’s ratio and bulk modulus for (25−x)%CaO−x%P2O5–60%SiO2–5%B2O3–10%ZnO (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) novel sol–gel glasses. The optical basicity, oxide polarisability, direct/indirect band gaps and theoretical elastic constants have been calculated for all the glasses. In addition to this, the cross-link density, average force stretching constant and number of network bonds per unit volume (nb) have been calculated. The values of optical basicity and polarisabilty have allowed the same trend for all these glasses. The cross-link density decreases when the P2O5 content increases from 5 to 20 %.
Search ware: for online access by novice users

The Searchware package aids personal computer users in formulating search strategies for online databases. Novice users can fill out a simplified screen‐displayed worksheet and the package will produce search commands, syntax and search logic. It handles user errors with ease, comes with clear instructions, and is offered by a helpful vendor.
Free radical production by antibiotic-killed bacteria in the guinea pig middle ear.

Objectives: Oxygen free radicals are implicated in the pathogenesis of otitis media. Recent investigations with animal models have demonstrated that free radical-mediated damage of the middle ear mucosa, measured as lipid hydroperoxide, occurs when the middle ear cavity is inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of antibiotics on free radical-mediated damage in pneumococcal acute otitis media. Study Design: Animal model of acute otitis media. Methods: Seventy-eight guinea pigs underwent bilateral middle ear inoculation with 100 μl of 1) sterile saline as a control, 2) 50 μg/mL amoxicillin, 3) 10 7 colony forming units (CFU)/mL Streptococcus pneumoniae killed with 50 μg/mL amoxicillin, or 4) 10 7 CFU/mL S pneumoniae. Animals were killed on postoperative day 1 or 5, and the middle ear mucosa was examined for lipid peroxidation as evidence of free radical damage. Results: Mucosal lipid hydroperoxide was significantly elevated compared with control subjects on day 1 in both the antibiotic-killed S pneumoniae group and the S pneumoniae-infected group. On day 5, the S pneumoniae-infected mucosa had significantly higher lipid hydroperoxide levels compared with the antibiotic-killed group and the control subjects. Histological studies confirmed mucosal edema and the presence of inflammatory cells in the infected groups. Conclusions: Antibiotic-killed bacteria seem to produce free radical-mediated damage to the middle ear mucosa in the early phase of acute otitis media. The clinical implication of this study is that free radical damage to the middle ear mucosa may occur in otitis media despite appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Sudden death during ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring.

Abstract Although a relation between ambulatory myocardial ischemia and sudden cardiac death has been postulated, previous reports suggest that this may be an uncommon occurrence. 1–7 This suggestion, however, is based on observations of a limited number of deaths 3–7 and data from living patients with chronic stable angina. 1,2 In the latter patients ventricular arrhythmias related to transient ischemia occur infrequently. But these studies are biased because they are conducted in patients who are survivors. Previous suggestions are also biased by the fact that sudden death occurs rarely during ischemia induced in the exercise laboratory. Therefore, the contribution of ambulatory ischemia to cardiac sudden death is open to question. An examination of the relatively few patients undergoing diagnostic ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring would not be expected to provide adequate data, because the occurrence of cardiac death is relatively infrequent. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relation between sudden cardiac death and ischemia detected by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring by examining recordings of patients who died suddenly while wearing a long-term ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder.
Identification and quantification of flavonoids of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens) by LC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis

LC-DAD-ESI/MS was used to identify 23 flavonoids in the extract of Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.), a spice and herb, used in the USA and Mexico. The identification of luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, phloridzin, taxifolin, eriodictyol, scutellarein, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, pinocembrin and galangin was confirmed by direct comparison with standards. Identification of 6-hydroxyluteolin, two 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-glycosides, three pentahydroxyflavanone hexosides, scutellarein 7-O- hexoside, 3-hydroxyphloretin hexoside, and three other flavones, was made by detailed analysis of their UV and mass spectral data. The identification of the flavonoid glycosides was further confirmed through detection of their aglycones following hydrolysis of the samples. The concentration of the identified flavonoids in three samples was also estimated. This is the first report of detection of over 20 flavonoids, including chalcones, in this plant material.
Glimm's method applied to underwater explosions

Abstract The Random Choice Method, conceived by Glimm, and developed by Chorin, for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations, is applied to calculate the disturbance produced by a spherical underwater explosion. Results are compared with earlier calculations, under similar conditions, using the Method of Characteristics. Good qualitative agreement with earlier results is observed.
Sonographic measurements of transition zone of prostate in men with and without benign prostatc hyperplasia

Modern transrectal ultrasonography is a reliable means of visualizing the transition zone within the prostate gland. We measured the transverse, longitudinal, and anterior diameters and calculated the volume of the prostate and the transition zone in 400 patients. Ninety-seven patients with neither clinical nor sonographic evidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were compared with 108 patients with sonographically apparent BPH. The mean size of the transition zone was 6.14 +/- 3.2 g in the normal group and 24.81 +/- 14.4 g in the BPH group. The size of the transition zone increased significantly in relation to increased age of the patient. Ultrasonography allows accurate measurement of the transition zone and would be useful for documenting changes in the extent of BPH in response to therapy.
Organometallic molecule-support interactions. Highly active organozirconium hydrogenation catalysts and the formation of cationic species on alumina surfaces

Hydrogenation du propene sur des catalyseurs complexes organo-zirconium ((C 5 H 5 ) 2 Zr(CH 3 ) 2 , [(CH 3 ) 5 C 5 ] 2 Zr(CH 3 ) 2 et [(CH 3 ) 5 C 5 ]Zr(CH 3 ) 3 ) sur supports d'alumine deshydroxyle ou partiellement deshydroxyle
CRT-136 Anti-coagulant Therapy During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Network Meta-analysis Of Randomized Trials

Choosing the right anti-coagulant (AC) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the right patient that balances the bleeding risk with ischemic efficacy is an ongoing challenge. We did a network meta-analysis to compare the currently used ACs for PCI. We searched PubMed, The Cochrane
Experimental Investigation on the Role of Entrapped Air on Solitary Wave Forces on a Coastal Bridge Deck

Recent devastations caused by tsunami and hurricanes and the inevitability of future hurricanes making landfall have focused attention on the need to assess the vulnerability of coastal structures, and bridges in particular. Findings from a series of experiments conducted on an 1:35 scale bridge model with girders under a solitary-wave flow are presented here. Side panels are added to the bridge model to trap air pockets between the girders. A range of elevations is considered, including cases where the bottom of the deck is just above the water surface and girders are submerged, to where girders are fully elevated above the water surface. Wave parameters tested include four water depths and five wave amplitudes. A qualitative comparison is made between results for forces on the trapped-air model and results from the same set of wave parameters on a model where the side panels are removed and air is allowed to escape. Results show effects of water particle velocity, buoyancy, air compression and sloshing all have effects on both horizontal forces in the direction of wave propagation and vertical uplift forces. In particular, in the case where air is trapped between girders and cannot escape, uplift forces are considerably larger when bridge elevation is such that the girders are fully elevated above the still water level or are slightly submerged.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Heterogeneity of 5S RNA in Fungal Ribosomes

Neurospora crassa has at least seven types of 5S RNA genes (alpha, beta, gamma, epsilon, delta, zeta, and eta) with different coding regions. A high resolution gel electrophoresis system was developed to separate minor 5S RNA's from the major 5S RNA (alpha). A study of several Neurospora crassa strains, four other species in the genus Neurospora, members of two closely related genera, and three distantly related genera demonstrated that 5S RNA heterogeneity is common among fungi. In addition, different 5S RNA's are present in Neurospora ribosomes. The finding that fungal ribosomes are structurally heterogeneous suggests that ribosomes may be functionally heterogeneous as well.
Effects of temperature and ionic strength on the stabilities of the first and second fluoride complexes of yttrium and the rare earth elements

(A1) Ln 3 2F ↔ LnF2 F2 (A2) have been determined by an ion exchange method in dilute solutions as a function of temperature (5 to 45°C). The concentrations of the YREEs were measured using ICP- mass spectrometry. The values of log 1 and log 2 at 25.0°C are in good agreement with the work of Schijf and Byrne (1999). The effect of temperature on the stability constants has been used to determine the enthalpies of formation of LnF 2 and LnF2 . Average values of H1 9.6 0.4 kJ/mol and H2 20.7 1.1 kJ/mol were found for the enthalpies. Our results are in reasonable agreement with literature values of H1 (Paul et al., 1961; Baisden et al., 1987; Grant et al., 1988). The measurements from Luo and Byrne (2000, 2001) for the formation of LnF 2 as a function of ionic strength in NaCl and NaClO4 have been fitted to the Pitzer equations. These results have been used to examine the effect of ionic strength on the activity coefficients of the LnF 2 ions in NaCl and NaClO4 solutions. At low ionic strengths the activity coefficients of LnF 2 for the YREEs are independent of atomic number. Since the values of H1 do not appear to be a strong function of ionic strength, these results can be used to estimate the stability constants for the formation of LnF 2 complexes from 0 to 50°C and I 0t o
School-aged children's phonological production of derived English words.

Purpose Little is known about the phonological aspects of derivational processes. Neutral suffixes (e.g., -ness) that do not change stress and rhythmic or nonneutral suffixes (e.g., -ity) that alte...
Optical Fiber Probe Using Tunable Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Combustion Measurements

A tunable laser absorption probe for remote, spatially-defined measurements of species concentration has been developed for application in combustion research. In order to demonstrate the performance of a first generation absorption probe, the non-uniform distribution of Na atoms in a laboratory flat flame has been measured.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quantitative description of the geomagnetic field during the Matuyama-Brunhes polarity transition

Abstract A model of the reversing geodynamo based on the assumptions (1) that reversals start in a localized region of the core and (2) that upon its onset this reversed region extends, or “floods”, both north-south and east-west until the entire core is affected, has recently been shown to provide a generally successful simulation of existing paleomagnetic records of the Matuyama-Brunhes transition (Hoffman, 1979). In this paper the modelled solution is analyzed so as to reveal the behavior of the dominant Gauss coefficients during the transition. At the time of total axial dipole decay the controlling components are found to be a zonal octupole ( g 3 0 ) and a non-axisymmetric quadrupole ( g 2 1 , h 2 1 ). Given the distribution of sites corresponding to the available records of the Matuyama-Brunhes, the existence of a significant zonal quadrupole field component cannot be ruled out; however, the role of any equatorial dipole component can be neglected. Due to the presence of a significant low-order non-axisymmetric term in the analyzed transition field, the predicted minimum intensity experienced during the Matuyama-Brunhes is found to be dependent on both site latitude and longitude. In particular, over a mid-northern circle of latitude, the predicted minimum intensity is found to vary by more than a factor of three, averaging about 10% of the full polarity field strength. Although not a unique solution, the applicability of the findings from this analysis is not tied to the phenomenological model from which they were derived. More specifically, whether the above two-component non-dipole transitional field arises from assumed configurational changes of the reversing geodynamo (as is the case for the flooding model) or, alternatively, is considered to be a stationary (non-reversing) portion of the field during axial dipole decay and regeneration, has little effect on either the calculated path locality of the virtual geomagnetic pole or the minimum intensity experienced at a given site. These two possible situations, in principle, should be distinguishable given the future attainment of detailed paleomagnetic data corresponding to back-to-back (R → N and N → R) polarity transitions.
Preparation of Discrete Oligoethers: Synthesis of Pentabutylene Glycol and Hexapropylene Glycol by Two Complementary Methods

Two experimentally facile methods for the preparation of discrete oligoethers are reported. The first involves an iterative sequence of oxidation, acetal formation, and reductive ring opening for the synthesis of penta-1,4-butylene glycol. The second method is also iterative, comprising phase-transfer etherification and end-group deprotection to form hexa-1,3-propylene glycol. These methods offer significantly improved yields and purification protocols over previously reported syntheses.