cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of palifermin (keratinocyte growth factor-1) in the amelioration of oral mucositis

Purpose: Oral mucositis is a significant toxicity of cytotoxic chemo- and radiation-therapy used to treat cancer. Palifermin is the first pharmaceutical/biological agent approved for the intervention of oral mucositis. The major objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence supporting the use of palifermin.
II. Structure and specificity of the interaction between the FHA2 domain of rad53 and phosphotyrosyl peptides

Abstract The forkhead-associated (FHA) domain is a protein module found in many proteins involved in cell signaling in response to DNA damage. It has been suggested to bind to pThr sites of its target protein. Recently we have determined the first structure of an FHA domain, FHA2 from the yeast protein Rad53, and demonstrated that FHA2 binds to a pTyr-containing peptide 826EDI(pY)YLD832 from Rad9, with a moderate affinity (Kd ca. 100 μM). We now report the solution structure of the complex of FHA2 bound with this pTyr peptide. The structure shows that the phosphate group of pTyr interacts directly with three arginine residues (605, 617, and 620), and that the leucine residue at the +2 position from the pTyr interacts with a hydrophobic surface on FHA2. The sequence specificity of FHA2 was determined by screening a combinatorial pTyr library. The results clearly show that FHA2 recognizes specific sequences C-terminal to pTyr with the following consensus: XX(pY)N1N2N3, where N1 = Leu, Met, Phe, or Ile, N2 = Tyr, Phe, Leu, or Met, and N3 = Phe, Leu, or Met. Two of the selected peptides, GF(pY)LYFIR and DV(pY)FYMIR, bind FHA2 with Kd values of 1.1 and 5.0 μM, respectively. The results, along with other recent reports, demonstrate that the FHA domain is a new class of phosphoprotein-binding domain, capable of binding both pTyr and pThr sequences.
President's page: the future of cardiology starts with mentors.

![Figure][1] Forty years ago in San Francisco, my mentor Dr. Jeremy Swan took over as president of the American College of Cardiology (ACC). Serving as ACC president, is in itself an amazing honor, but to assume the same role in the same city as the one person who started me on my journey
NF‐κB pathway protects cochlear hair cells from aminoglycoside‐induced ototoxicity

Cell death in outer hair cells of the mammalian inner ear induced by aminoglycoside antibiotics is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and can be prevented by antioxidants. The current study investigates the role of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway in cell death or survival in adult CBA mice. Kanamycin (700 mg/kg subcutaneously, twice per day) progressively destroys hair cells but after 7 days of treatment auditory function and morphology are not yet affected significantly, permitting investigations of early events in drug-induced cell death. Immunostaining for 4-hydroxynonenal, indicative of lipid peroxidation, was elevated in the cochlea, but there was no effect on nitrotyrosine, a marker for peroxynitrite. NF-kappaB was increased at 3 hr, 3 days, and 7 days of treatment, with p50 and p65 proteins as its most abundant subunits. Immunoreactivity for p50 was present in nuclei of inner hair cells and supporting cells that survive the drug treatment. In contrast, nuclei of outer hair cells were devoid of label. Concomitant injections of antioxidants, however, such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid or salicylate (which prevent cell death induced by kanamycin), promoted the translocation of NF-kappaB into the nuclei of outer hair cells. In addition, kanamycin treatment decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of the inhibitory IkappaBalpha protein, leading to increased IkappaBalpha levels in the cochlea; the effect was reversed by cotreatment with antioxidants. These results suggest that changes in the redox state of the cochlea stimulate the activation of NF-kappaB and that this activation is cell protective.
Enhanced metastasis formation by combined hyperthermia and hyperglycemia in rats bearing Walker 256 carcinosarcoma

Hyperglycemia has been shown to decrease tumor pH and blood flow rates, consequently this could increase the sensitivity of tumor to hyperthermia. Combined waterbath hyperthermia (43°C/2 h) and hyperglycemia (6 g/kg, i.p.) was investigated on survival of rats bearing a metastasizing form of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. Hyperthermia alone increased the survival rate of animals from 19% to 42%. Hyperglycemia promoted more uniform tumor heating in the foot. However, combined hyperthermia and hyperglycemia led to a significant decrease in the survival rate of animals (10%; P < 0.001), and most rats died with widespread metastasis in lymph nodes, lungs and kidneys. These findings do not support the postulate that hyperglycemia leads to sensitization of tumor destruction by hyperthermia.
Porcelain surface characterization and staining in the office

Chairside custom staining and characterization of porcelain can influence significantly the quality of porcelain restorations and dentist-patient relationships. Technical guidelines have been presented to assist the dentist.
Reply to “quantum tunneling times: A crucial test for the causal program?”

Because Bohm’s Interpretation models particles with continuous trajectories, a natural property to attribute to a Bohmian particle is atunneling time, the time it takes for a particle to pass through a barrier. We also attribute a property-a different property-named ‘tunneling time’ to Copenhagen systems, systems that do not have particles with continuous trajectories. Cushing presents a discussion of the possibility of measuring Bohmian particle tunneling time; however, as becomes clear when considering the differences between properties named ‘tunneling time,’ he incorrectly argues that if such a measurement were possible, the measurement might constitute an empirical test between the Copenhagen interpretation and Bohm’s interpretation.
Kinetic analysis of a reactive model enediyne

A model framework related to the calcheamicin family of enediyne toxins was evaluated in its reactivity toward cycloaromatization through the arene 1,4-diyl intermediates and hydrogen atom abstractions. The keto version 9 is relatively unreactive, with t1/2 = 1.5 h at 60°C. The product from hydride reduction of the ketone, alcohol 13b, is much more reactive, with t1/2=50 min at 0°C. In both cases, the rate of rearrangement is independent of the hydrogen atom donor, consistent with a rate-determining first step (cyclization). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective conversion of an ethylene to an ethylidene ligand in reactions of a hydrido(ethylene) complex of tantalum with iodofluorocarbons. Molecular structure of [Ta(η5−C5H5)2(η1−CHCH3)I]

Abstract Reactions of [TaCp2(C2H4)H] (3) with perfluoro-n-butyl iodide or perfluorobenzyl iodide cleanly yield the iodo(ethylene) complex [TaCp2(C2H4)I] (4) together with the hydrofluorocarbons CF3CF2CF2CF2H and C6F5CF2H, respectively. In sharp contrast, reactions of 3 with perfluoro-iso-propyl iodide or pentafluorophenyl iodide cleanly afford the isomeric iodo(ethylidene) complex [TaCp2(CHCH3)I] (5). No interconversion of 4 and 5 is observed under these reaction conditions, indicating that each is formed under conditions of kinetic control. The structure of 5 has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Similar results to give much more thermally sensitive products are observed for the niobium analogues. Possible mechanisms for these highly selective reactions are discussed.
Trends and structural shifts in health tourism: Evidence from seasonal time-series data on health-related travel spending by Canada during 1970–2010

Abstract There has been a growing interest in better understanding the trends and determinants of health tourism activities. While much of the expanding literature on health tourism offers theoretical or qualitative discussion, empirical evidences has been lacking. This study employs Canada's outbound health tourism activities as an example to examine the trends in health tourism and its association with changing domestic health care market characteristics. A time-series model that accounts for potential structural changes in the trend is employed to analyze the quarterly health-related travel spending series reported in the Balance of Payments Statistics (BOPS) during 1970–2010 (n = 156). We identified a structural shift point which marks the start of an accelerated growth of health tourism and a flattened seasonality in such activities. We found that the health tourism activities of Canadian consumers increase when the private investment in medical facilities declines or when the private MPI increases during the years following the structural-change. We discussed the possible linkage of the structural shift to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which went into effect in January, 1995.
Controversies in family planning: first trimester uterine evacuation for the anticoagulated patient.

Controversies in family planning: first trimester uterine evacuation for the anticoagulated patient Sara Pentlicky⁎, Tabetha Harken, Courtney A. Schreiber Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA Received 8 September 2011; accepted 20 September 2011
Thermal Decomposition of Energetic Materials 41. Fast thermolysis of cyclic and acyclic ethanediammonium dinitrate salts and their oxonium nitrate double salts, and the crystal structure of piperazinium dinitrate

Fast thermolysis/FTIR spectroscopy of [H3NCH2CH2NH3]-(NO3)2 (EDD), [H2N(CH2CH2)2NH2](NO3)2 (PIPDN), and [HN(CH2CH2)3NH](NO3)2(DABCOD) and new oxonium nitrate (H3O+NO−3) double salts of PIPDN and DABCOD is described. EDD initially yields HNO3 and then small molecule decomposition products from redox reactions when heated at ≥ 100°C (dcc.). PIPDN initially yields HNO3, but then generates a significant amount of N,N′-dinitrosopiperazine along with small molecule fragments. DABCOD produces no HNO3(g), but instead gives CH2O, N,N′-dinitrosopiperazine and small molecule products. These patterns are entirely consistent with the behavior observed for primary, secondary and teritary ammonium mononitrate salts in our previous work. The presence of nitrosamines strongly increases the health hazard of the matcrials upon heating. No nitramines were detected as thermolysis products. Thermolysis of the oxonium nitrate double salts liberates HNO3 and H2O at a relatively low temperature (≥ 60 °C). Above this temperature, the thenmolysis proceeds in the same way as that of pure PIPDN and DABCOD. The crystal structure of PIPDN is described.
Low-temperature metastable states in thermal desorption of cyclic ethers

Abstract Three cyclic ethers, two dioxanes and one trioxane, exhibit unusual, low-temperature desorption states from Ru(001). For all three compounds, the peak temperature, 150–170 K, is significantly lower than that of the true multilayer state. As a function of increasing exposure, the low-temperature state always populates before the true multilayer, and disappears again as the multilayer state grows to dominance. For all three compounds, the coverage-exposure relationship is consistent with the idea that the multilayer forms by a nucleation process. For two of the three ethers, variation of heating rate indicates that the low-temperature state can undergo activated conversion to the multilayer, and so is truly metastable. These data suggest that such low-temperature states, previously observed for benzene on several metal surfaces, may exist for a variety of adsorbates. The fundamental origin of these states, however, remains unknown.
Accumulation rates of Recent sediments in Puget Sound, Washington☆

Abstract Sixteen profiles of unsupported 210Pb activity from long cores along the axis of the Main Basin of Puget Sound show that bottom sediments are accumulating at rates of 0.26 ± 0.03 to 1.20 ± 0.16 g cm−2 yr−1. These rates and seven others published earlier suggest that highest accumulation occurs nearly midway along the length of this tidal-current-dominated basin. Bioturbated surface layers of cores are as deep as 40 cm, but biologic mixing rates are poorly determined. Individual 210Pb accumulation rates along the axis of the Main Basin range from approximately one to five times greater than the predicted areal-average accumulation rate based on estimates of recent sediment input from adjoining rivers and shorelines.
The direct effects of chlorofluoromethanes on the atmospheric surface temperature

The two most widely used chlorofluoromethanes (CFCl3 and CF2Cl2) uniformly distributed at a constant mixing ratio have been added to our version of the Manabe-Wetherald radiative convective model (which includes globally averaged values for solar radiation, carbon dioxide, water, water clouds, airborne particles and the reflectivity of the earth's surface) to calculate the steady state surface temperature change. Our calculations indicate an essentially linear increase of 0.15 K/ppbv of total CFM with particles included and 0.19 K/ppbv without particles. The amount of CFM now in the atmosphere is estimated to have caused a 0.05 K increase in the earth's surface temperature.
Indoor Thermal Comfort: The Behavioral Component

This is a study of how indoor temperature settings have changed over time in the United States based on data from the Energy Information Administration’s, Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). It is shown that Americans have moderately raised indoor temperature settings during the heating season over the past thirty years. It is also shown that most Americans keep their homes relatively cool in the summertime and are generally averse to implementing temperature setbacks. It is revealed that occupants in lower-income homes tend to set their thermostats higher in winter than other income groups, but that the most intense cooling tends to take place in both low-income and high-income homes. As expected, renters tend to heat and cool more intensively than homeowners. Getting Americans to change their temperature settings in order to save energy is not easy even though it comes with the promise of financial savings. The use of programmable thermostats thus far has proved unsuccessful. Greater utilization of social marketing to achieve energy savings is suggested, as well as a renewed effort on the part of electricity suppliers to work more closely with homeowners as part of the rollout of the “smart grid”.
Spirituality, Religion, and Substance Coping as Regulators of Emotions and Meaning Making: Different Effects on Pain and Joy

This study addresses whether aspects of spirituality and religion predict psychological and emotional well-being in a general population over and above personality and coping through the use of drugs or alcohol. Results are consistent with self-control theory and positive psychology approaches.
Phase-locked states and abrupt shifts in Pacific climate indices

Abstract Douglass has shown that ENSO index a N i n o 3.4 contains segments phase locked to subharmonics of the annual solar cycle and also that a set of indices including a N i n o 3.4 shows abrupt shifts between these phase-locked states. Here, four additional Pacific indices are studied. These five indices show that the Pacific climate system alternates between two regimes: (1) Solar cycle (SOL), (2) Teleconnections (TEL). During SOL each index shows two components that are phase locked to the solar cycle. The first is at the annual cycle, while the second is at a subharmonic of the annual cycle. During TEL abrupt climate shifts occur.
The Multilateral Initiative on Malaria: looking back and looking ahead

The Multilateral Initiative on Malaria (MIM) started in 1997 with the aim of giving African scientists an equal voice with Northern scientists in making decisions about malaria research in Africa. Is there a need for MIM today with the large increase in funding for malaria research from governments and foundations? I conclude that MIM is still needed today to support African scientists' investigator-initiated research and training.
Spatial Competence of Elderly Hunters

An investigation of 338 reports of lost deer hunters revealed that the incidence of lost hunters over age 65 was significantly lower, compared to younger hunters, than would be predicted by their numbers. Those elderly hunters who did become lost traveled as far and were just as likely to reorient themselves without assistance as were younger hunters. Moreover, lost elderly hunters, as well as other outdoor enthusiasts of advanced age, traveled much farther than the distance covered by cognitively impaired wanderers from supervised care. The latter findings were discussed as having practical significance for the safety of the elderly person who becomes the subject of a land search. Generally, the results were interpreted as encouraging for elderly individuals wishing to continue participation in outdoor recreational activities in forested areas. That is, despite apparent decrements in spatial perception and memory, the older outdoor enthusiast may develop compensatory skills useful for wayfinding under di...
Internal dihedral symmetry of α-amylase and α-mannosidase

Abstract Three-dimensional structure analyses of two polysaccharide degrading enzymes, α-amylase and α-mannosidase, though not yet complete, reveal that both enzymes are structural tandem duplicates and that the two similar domains within each are related by a dyad axis of symmetry.
Estrogenic responses to xenobiotics in channel catfish (Ictalwus punctatus)

Abstract Several environmentally relevant contaminants are characterized as xenoestrogens by virtue of their ability to induce responses similar to 17β-estradiol (E2). There is concern that exposure to these xenoestrogens may result in endocrine and, thus, reproductive disruption. The objective of the present research was to determine whether xenobiotics known to elicit estrogenic responses in mammals were estrogenic in channel catfish, and if these compounds were capable of altering normal physiological response to E2. Sexually immature catfish were exposed by intraperitoneal injection to E2, suspected xenoestrogens or combination doses of E2 and xenoestrogen. Appearance of vitellogenin (Vg) in serum was used as the bioindicator of estrogenicity; Vg was measured by ELISA 7 days after injection. The ED50 of E2 for the appearance of Vg in blood, 0.6 mg/kg, was used as the positive control. Synthetic estrogens, ethinylestradiol, mestranol and DES were effective in inducing Vg; the antiestrogen tamoxifen inhibited response to E2 when given in a combination dose. Treatment by both methoxychlor and p-nonylphenol resulted in Vg appearance in serum; the doses required were 300 times that of E2, and the vitellogenic response was less when compared to the E2-induced response. In addition, a combination dose of methoxychlor with E2 decreased the magnitude of the response to E2. Other mammalian xenoestrogens, o,p′-DDT, chlordecone, lindane and β-HCH, were not able to produce a vitellogenic response in this study.
e-SELFQUAL: A scale for measuring online self-service quality

Abstract The measurement of online self-service quality has become increasingly crucial as firms deliver an expanding array of services through their Web sites. Substantial research examines online services using salient scales primarily developed for personnel-orchestrated, face-to-face services; several recently developed scales that target online services focus on important information and/or system characteristics but do not consider e-retailers' fundamental roles holistically. The reported research synthesizes relevant previous research and proposes a conceptual framework to examine the quality of online self-services in e-retailing. The proposed framework then guides a scale development effort that includes a series of pilot and validation studies. The resulting scale, e-SELFQUAL, provides a means for examining the relationships between online service quality and customer satisfaction, as well as loyalty in e-retailing. This study has several important implications for research and business practice.
Stability of global entanglement in thermal states of spin chains

We investigate the entanglement properties of a one-dimensional chain of qubits coupled via nearest-neighbor spin-spin interactions. The entanglement measure used is the -concurrence, which is distinct from other measures on spin chains such as bipartite entanglement in that it can quantify ``global'' entanglement across the spin chain. Specifically, it computes the overlap of a quantum state with its time-reversed state. As such, this measure is well suited to study ground states of spin-chain Hamiltonians that are intrinsically time-reversal-symmetric. We study the robustness of -concurrence of ground states when the interaction is subject to a time-reversal antisymmetric magnetic field perturbation. The -concurrence in the ground state of the isotropic model is computed and it is shown that there is a critical magnetic field strength at which the entanglement experiences a jump discontinuity from the maximum value to zero. The -concurrence for thermal mixed states is derived and a threshold temperature is computed below which the system has nonzero entanglement.
Properties of cell nuclei isolated from various regions of rat brain: divergent characteristics of cerebellar cell nuclei.

— Cell nuclei were isolated in yields ranging from 38 to 61 per cent from six anatomically defined brain regions of the albino rat. To provide basic information for further studies of altered genomic activity in brain cell nuclei, various properties of these isolated nuclei were measured, including counts of their number, estimates of the distribution of sizes, amounts of RNA, DNA and protein, and endogenous RNA polymerase activity. DNA content per nucleus approximated the accepted value of 6 pg per diploid set of chromosomes. Distributions of nuclear size showed a sensitivity to the concentration of divalent cation, with a shift toward larger nuclear diameters as the Mg concentration was reduced. Cell nuclei from hippocampus, hypothalamus-preoptic region, cerebral cortex, amygdala and midbrain plus brainstem were generally similar in yield, distribution of size, and RNA, DNA and protein content. Cell nuclei from cerebellum differed from those of other brain regions, in all of these parameters. The cerebellum contained a high content of DNA and had an enormous number (8 × 108 per g wet wt.) of cell nuclei of predominantly very small size and characterized by lower ratios of RNA, histones and non-histone protein to DNA and lower endogenous activity of RNA polymerase than nuclei from other brain structures. These properties correlated well with properties of cerebellar tissue, namely, high content of small granule neurons and low ratio of RNA to DNA, and suggest that the small cerebellar nuclei may have relatively inactive genomes. The relationship of ‘large’ and ‘small’ cell nuclei to cell types in the brain is discussed.
Nonlinear dynamics of a 2D feedback system with photorefractive gain

Abstract We introduce a liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) based nonlinear optical system having a two-wave mixing photorefractive amplifier in a two-dimensional (2D) diffractive feedback loop. Experimental results demonstrate evidence of suppression of the influence of phase distortions caused both by the gain medium and by input beam (signal and pump) wavefront aberrations. When system feedback field intensity was increased we observed the formation of hexagonal transverse patterns. An increase in total intensity inside the photorefractive media resulted in the appearance of self-induced traveling waves.
THE DETERMINANTS OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG CANADIAN AND AMERICAN CORRECTIONAL OFFICERS

ABSTRACT In an effort to determine which factors lead to job satisfaction among correctional officers cross-culturally, questionnaires were sent to 1550 correctional officers working in four American and five Canadian correctional facilities. Usable questionnaires were received from 229 American and 339 Canadian officers. Utilizing three stepwise multiple regression models it was determined that the prison system in which an officer was employed was not a predictor of job satisfaction, while the determinants of job satisfaction were similar for each of the nationality groups. Five variables were found to predict job satisfaction scores for the American officers and five variables were found to predict job satisfaction scores for the Canadian officers. Three variables appeared as significant predictors of job satisfaction for both nationality groups. These were work stress, quality of working relationships with other officers, and length of service.
Assessing technology portfolios for contract competition: An analytic hierarchy process approach

Abstract Firms engaged in high-technology government and commercial contracts allocate discretionary funds to R&D projects to enhance the quality of prototype design. We propose a method for targeting enhancements which appeal to clients while also providing technological advantage vis-a-vis other firms competing for the same contracts. R&D projects can be scored on their contribution to contract selection criteria and compared in the context of a technology portfolio, a matrix that reveals the relative merits of the engineering proposals and potential technology niches. Knowledge on clients, competitors and priorities regarding selection criteria is often judgmental and fragmented within the firm. Meaningful translation of various experts' comparisons into a hierarchical, internally consistent scoring scheme is achieved with Saaty's analytic hierarchy process. Carefully specified technical benchmarks, used to scale quality and cost data, are also instrumental for soliciting judgmental knowledge. Implementation of the technology portfolio assessment is illustrated with a practical example drawn from defense contracting.
Use of phenobarbital for the prevention of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage: A controlled trial

1570 USE OF PHENOBARBITAL FOR THE PREVENTION OF NEONATAL INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE: A CONTROLLED TRIAL
Membrane Insertion Potential of Synthetic Cell Penetrating Peptides

Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) have been established as excellent candidates for mediating drug delivery into cells. When designing synthetic CPPs for drug delivery applications, it is important to understand their ability to penetrate the cell membrane. In this paper, anionic or zwitterionic phospholipid monolayers at the air-water interface are used as model cell membranes to monitor the membrane insertion potential of synthetic CPPs. The insertion potential of CPPs having different cationic and hydrophobic amino acids were recorded using a Langmuir monolayer approach that records peptide adsorption to model membranes. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize alterations in phospholipid packing due to peptide insertion. All CPPs had the highest penetration potential in the presence of anionic phospholipids. In addition, two of three amphiphilic CPPs inserted into zwitterionic phospholipids, but none of the hydrophilic CPPs did. All the CPPs studied induced disruptions in phospholipid packing and domain morphology, which were most pronounced for amphiphilic CPPs. Overall, small changes to amino acids and peptide sequences resulted in dramatically different insertion potentials and membrane reorganization. Designers of synthetic CPPs for efficient intracellular drug delivery should consider small nuances in CPP electrostatic and hydrophobic properties.
Theorizing sex/gender in early modern Japan: Kitamura Kigin's Maidenflowers and Wild Azaleas

(1998). Theorizing sex/gender in early modern Japan: Kitamura Kigin's Maidenflowers and Wild Azaleas. Japanese Studies: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 247-263.
Biochemical effects of formocresol on bovine pulp tissue.

Abstract Calf pulp tissue was treated with full-strength formocresol, diluted formocresol, or saline for 4 hours. After washing and homogenization, the water extractable supernates were analyzed for total amino acid, carbohydrate, and hydroxyproline content. Additional samples were tested against trypsin, pepsin, collagenase, and hyaluronidase. Other tissue samples treated with 1 5 , 1 10 , and 1 25 dilutions of formocresol were subjected to trypsin and collagenase. The control tissue gave 50 per cent more extractable material, which contained over 300 per cent more total amino acids and hydroxyproline but only slightly more carbohydrate than the treated tissue. Formocresol treatment produced an 80 to 90 per cent reduction in reactivity to trypsin, pepsin, and collagenase but little change from hyaluronidase action. The increase in reactivity of the tissue to enzyme hydrolysis paralleled the increase in dilution of formocresol. These results indicate a profound effect on the protein fraction of pulp exposed to full-strength formocresol.
Kinetic analysis of acetylation-dependent Pb1 bromodomain–histone interactions

Abstract Stopped-flow fluorescence anisotropy was used to determine the kinetic parameters that define acetylation-dependent bromodomain–histone interactions. Bromodomains are acetyllysine binding motifs found in many chromatin associated proteins. Individual bromodomains were derived from the polybromo-1 protein, which is a subunit of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex that has six tandem bromodomains in the amino-terminal region. The average k on and k off values for the formation of high-affinity complexes are 275 M − 1 s − 1 and 0.41 × 10 − 3 s − 1 , respectively. The average k on and k off values for the formation of low-affinity complexes are 119 M − 1 s − 1 and 1.42 × 10 − 3 s − 1 , respectively. Analysis of the on- and off-rates yields acetylation site-dependent equilibrium dissociation constants averaging 1.4 and 12.9 μM for high- and low-affinity complexes, respectively. This work represents the first examination of kinetic mechanisms of acetylation-dependent bromodomain–histone interactions.
PARTICIPATION IN LIFELONG LEARNING INSTITUTES: WHAT TURNS MEMBERS ON?

ABSTRACT Research among rank and file members of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute in Portland, Maine was conducted to investigate the perceived benefits of participation in a peer-governed and taught elder learning program. Interviews were conducted with 45 long-term members of the program by 6 focus groups. Benefits were reported in 4 categories: intellectual stimulation, experiencing a nurturing and supportive community, enhancing self-esteem, and having opportunities for spiritual renewal. Implications of the multidimensionality of older learners and the outcomes they seek from participation in lifelong-learning institutes are explored. The older adult, simply by virtue of time-spent-in-living, is the most complex of all individuals. Mary Alice Wolf
Earthquake Surface Slip-Length Data is Fit by Constant Stress Drop and is Useful for Seismic Hazard Analysis

Abstract We present a new method to use directly observable surface‐slip measurements in seismic hazard estimates. We present measures of scaling‐relation fits to slip‐length data. These fits show sublinear scaling, a slowing in the rate of slip increase for the longest ruptures, so that L scaling—scaling with the length of the rupture—does not hold out to very large aspect ratio events. We find the best fitting for a constant stress‐drop model, followed next by a square root of length model. The constant stress‐drop model, newly introduced here, provides a geometrical explanation for a long‐standing puzzle of why slip only begins to saturate at large aspect ratios. The good fit of the constant stress‐drop model to the slip‐length data lends further support to the observations of constant stress‐drop scaling across the whole range of magnitudes of earthquakes, from small to great earthquakes. The good fit of the constant stress‐drop model is also reflected by the low variability about the mean, with an average of less than a factor‐of‐2 variability in stress drop about the mean observed. Converting magnitude‐area scaling into implied slip‐length scaling, we determine qualitative consistency in the functional forms, but a quantitative difference of, on average, ∼30% more slip estimated from magnitude area compared with slip length. Online Material: Tables of magnitude‐length‐width, magnitude‐area, and surface slip‐length relations.
Using guinea pigs in studies relevant to asthma and COPD

The guinea pig has been the most commonly used small animal species in preclinical studies related to asthma and COPD. The primary advantages of the guinea pig are the similar potencies and efficacies of agonists and antagonists in human and guinea pig airways and the many similarities in physiological processes, especially airway autonomic control and the response to allergen. The primary disadvantages to using guinea pigs are the lack of transgenic methods, limited numbers of guinea pig strains for comparative studies and a prominent axon reflex that is unlikely to be present in human airways. These attributes and various models developed in guinea pigs are discussed.
Reelin Signaling Facilitates Maturation of CA1 Glutamatergic Synapses

Reelin signaling through the low-density lipoprotein receptor family members, apoliproprotein E receptor 2 (apoER2) and very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR), plays a pivotal role in dictat...
119 CYTOCHROME c OXIDASE IN THE DEVELOPING HUMAN HEART. CORRELATION WITH MITOCHONDRIAL ULTRASTRUCTURE

119 CYTOCHROME c OXIDASE IN THE DEVELOPING HUMAN HEART. CORRELATION WITH MITOCHONDRIAL ULTRASTRUCTURE
Effect of acute cocaine use on vasospasm and outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Background Although acute cocaine use has been correlated with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, its effect on vasospasm and outcome is controversial. We investigated the effect of acute cocaine use on response to vasospasm treatment and neurologic outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods Data from 600 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to the University of Illinois Medical Center in Chicago between June 2002 and July 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who were positive for cocaine on urine toxicology or admitted to cocaine use within 72 hours of admission were compared with control patients with no history of cocaine use. Patients with unknown or remote history were excluded. Results Of the 600 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, 27 (5%) were excluded. Thirty-one patients (5%) acutely used cocaine before admission. Cocaine users were younger than control (45.1 vs 54.1; P ≤.0003), and were more likely to smoke tobacco, drink alcohol, and have renal dysfunction. There was no significant difference in Hunt-Hess or Fisher grade. In univariate and multivariate analyses, there was no difference in unfavorable short-term outcome (modified Rankin scale >3), incidence of symptomatic or radiologic vasospasm, stroke, or death. The number of interventional procedures for the treatment of vasospasm did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions There is no significant difference in incidence of symptomatic vasospasm or neurologic outcome between cocaine users and nonusers. The severity of the vasospasm and the response to treatment, as indicated by the number of vasospasm interventions, did not differ between the two groups.
Acute and Chronic Seizures in Patients Older Than 60 Years

As the number of older adults continues to increase, the population at risk for neurologic illnesses also rises. Acute and chronic seizures are commonly seen in adults older than 60 years; however, no consensus exists on the best way to diagnose and treat seizures and epilepsy in this age group. Several new medical and surgical therapies are now available for all epilepsy patients, some of which may be especially helpful for older patients. This article reviews the current literature on the diagnosis and management of seizures in older adults. Unique aspects of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and medical and surgical treatments of acute and chronic seizures in patients older than 60 years are discussed.
Interference and Outage in Doubly Poisson Cognitive Networks

We consider a cognitive radio network with two types of users: primary users (PUs) and cognitive users (CUs), whose locations follow two independent Poisson point processes. The cognitive users follow the policy that a cognitive transmitter is active only when it is outside the primary user exclusion regions. Due to the interaction between the primary users and the cognitive users through exclusion regions, an exact calculation of the interference and the outage probability seems unfeasible. Instead, we derive bounds for the interference (in the form of Laplace transform) and the outage probability. Two network models, the bipolar and the nearest-neighbor model, are considered. KeywordsCognitive Radio, Cognitive Network, Interference Modeling, Poisson Point Process, Poisson Cluster Process, Stochastic Geometry.
Quantum Statistics of Three Interacting Boson Field Modes

The quantum theory of the stimulated Raman and Brillouin effects, the parametric amplifier, and the frequency converter is developed, starting with a simple Hamiltonian for a system of three coupled field modes. The intense incident beam is treated classically. The evolution in time of the statistical properties of the quantized Stokes and anti-Stokes waves are analyzed by means of appropriate time-dependent phasespace distributions under various assumptions for the initial fields. Expansions of the field variables in terms of complete sets of orthogonal operators are discussed. Several regimes of operation are considered. It is shown that an initially coherent state develops, in general, into a superposition of a coherent state and a chaotic state. The amplitudes of the coherent components follow the same equations of motion as the mode operators. The chaotic components stem from the amplification of the vacuum fluctuations.
Is the management of epidural analgesia associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to quantify the association of cesarean delivery with epidural analgesia management, specifically with the timing of epidural catheter placement in relation to labor, the type of epidural analgesia, and the use of bolus dosing. Study Design: A retrospective cohort design was used to investigate 1561 consecutive nulliparous parturients whose labor occurred between November 1, 1996, and June 30, 1997, at Northwestern Memorial Hospital and who were delivered of term, singleton neonates in a cephalic presentation. The relationship between the management of epidural analgesia and the risk for cesarean delivery was determined with stepwise logistic regression to control for potential confounding variables. Results: There was a significantly increased risk of cesarean delivery associated with decrements in cervical effacement ( P = .001), cervical dilatation ( P = .001), and fetal station ( P = .001) at the time of epidural catheter placement. An increasing number of epidural boluses during the first stage of labor was also associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery ( P = .001). After we controlled for maternal age, maternal body mass index, gestational age, infant birth weight, induction of labor, use of magnesium sulfate, and presence of chorioamnionitis, the adjusted odds of cesarean delivery associated with fetal station (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-1.7) and epidural boluses (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-1.8) during the first stage of labor remained significant. Conclusion: The management of epidural analgesia during labor was associated with the potential for increased risk of cesarean delivery. This risk increased with higher stations of the fetal head at the time of epidural catheter placement and with more frequent epidural boluses of local anesthetic during the first stage of labor. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1058-62.)
Factors That Affect College Students’ Perceptions of Rape: What Is the Role of Gender and Other Situational Factors?

Prior research has shown that various situational factors and behaviors can affect one’s perception of whether a rape has occurred. Moreover, some hold false beliefs about rape. This can also affect one’s perception of ambiguous situations. This study included the administration of a survey to 584 college students; the survey examined the prevalence of rape myths and responses to vignettes of potential rape scenarios. It was found that although the majority of this sample did not support rape myths, male students were significantly more likely than female students to support rape myths. Furthermore, approximately 20% of students did support one subscale of the rape myth scale: He didn’t mean to [commit rape]. The results also revealed an interaction effect between the observer’s sex and the victim’s sex, suggesting a complex gender relationship.
Cervical spondylomyelopathy in Great Danes: A magnetic resonance imaging morphometric study

Morphometric investigations comparing normal and affected animals increase our understanding of spinal diseases in dogs. The aim of this study was to generate morphometric data for osseous-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM) in Great Danes (GDs). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric features of the cervical vertebral column of GDs with and without clinical signs of CSM were characterized and compared. Thirty client-owned GDs were prospectively enrolled, including 15 clinically normal and 15 CSM-affected GDs. All dogs underwent MRI of the cervical to thoracic vertebral column (C2-C3 through T1-T2). Areas of the cranial and caudal articular processes, and the height, width and areas of the vertebral canal and spinal cord were determined. Middle foraminal heights were measured. Intervertebral disc width was measured before and after traction. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement were calculated. CSM-affected GDs had larger areas of the caudal articular processes from C2-C3 through T1-T2. In CSM-affected GDs, the vertebral canal and spinal cord areas were significantly smaller at C5-C6 and C6-C7, the vertebral canal width was significantly narrower at C6-C7 and C7-T1, and the spinal cord width was significantly narrower at C5-C6 and C6-C7. Middle foraminal height was smaller in CSM-affected GDs from C3-C4 through C7-T1. Neutral intervertebral disc widths were smaller in CSM-affected GDs. It was concluded that the cervical vertebral canal dimensions are significantly different between normal and CSM-affected GDs. Absolute vertebral canal stenosis and severe foraminal stenosis involving the cervical vertebrae distinguish CSM-affected from clinically normal GDs. These findings are relevant to the pathogenesis of osseous-associated CSM and should be taken into consideration when performing imaging studies and planning surgery.
Fractionation of anti-p-azobenzenearsonate antibody by means of immunoadsorbents

Abstract Anti-Rp antibody can be separated into a number of fractions by adsorption on a specific immunoadsorbent followed by stepwise elution with increasing concentrations of benzenearsonate over the range of 10−6-10−1 M . Under a given set of conditions, this method of fractionation yields an elution pattern that is distinctive for a given sample of antibody. Upon refractionation each fraction yields a different elution pattern reflecting the concentration of hapten which eluted the fraction previously. There is a very wide heterogeneity in relative binding constants of antibody for immunoadsorbents and hapten since some antibody requires 105 times as concentrated hapten for elution than other antibody. As the hapten concentration is increased, the binding constants of eluted antibodies for p-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenearsonate and p-iodobenzenearsonate decrease; but the constants for the former decreases much more rapidly. These results are interpreted as indicating that the heterogeneity observed is due to variations in structure of the combining sites.
Impaired α-Interferon Signaling in Transitional Cell Carcinoma Lack of p48 Expression in 5637 Cells

The limited success of IFN-alpha therapy for clinical treatment of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has prompted us to investigate the responsiveness of TCC lines to IFN-alpha. The response to IFN-alpha in terms of 561 gene induction, an IFN-stimulated response element-containing IFN-alpha/beta-inducible gene, and IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) formation was normal in primary human urothelial cells. We tested the antiproliferative effects of IFN-alpha in three TCC lines as a measure of IFN-alpha responsiveness, and variable patterns of growth inhibition were observed in three TCC lines. More than 90% growth inhibition was noted in TCCSUP cells, whereas only 40% and 10% inhibition by IFN-alpha was observed in 5637 and HT1197 cells, respectively. IFN-alpha treatment formed extremely low levels of ISGF3 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays in these later two relatively insensitive cells. In addition, expression of the 561 gene was significantly reduced in these two TCC lines by Northern blots. We have further identified a low expression level of Tyk2 in HT1197 cells compared with two other TCCs. This suggests that an extremely low ISGF3 level after IFN-alpha treatment may be due to low Tyk2 expression or other unidentified defects. In 5637 cells, p48 protein expression was undetectable. This undetectable p48 expression is not due to a deletion in the coding region because the correct size protein is detected following IFN-gamma treatment. Consequently, the ISGF3 complex formation and 561 gene induction were restored by IFN-gamma pretreatment plus IFN-alpha treatment. Introduction of p48 expressing plasmid into 5637 cells was sufficient to form the ISGF3 complex by IFN-alpha treatment, suggesting the defect lies in the expression of p48 protein in 5637 cells. Detailed mechanistic understanding of the action of IFNs in bladder cancer cell lines may explain the abrogated therapeutic response of IFN-alpha in the clinical treatment of TCCs.
Three conformers observed and characterized in 1-hexyne

The microwave spectrum of 1-hexyne (n-butyl acetylene) reveals the presence of three conformers that have been carefully characterized. 1-Hexyne can be viewed as propane with terminal ethynyl and methyl substituents. These substituents can be arranged in anti–anti (AA), anti–gauche (AG), gauche–anti (GA), gauche–gauche (GG cis), and gauche–gauche′ (GG trans) conformations. The first three conformers are those observed experimentally and their rotational constants have been determined. The GG conformers, in both cis and trans arrangements have not been positively identified to date. We have determined the structural parameters and energies of all five possible conformations through ab initio quantum mechanical calculations at the HF, MP2, and B3LYP levels of theory. The calculated energies of these five conformers are very close, and a change in the relative stability of these conformers is found at different levels of theory. We find that inclusion of electron correlation effects is critical to our understanding of the energy ordering of these conformers. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
INTEREST RATE CHANGES AND COMMON STOCK RETURNS OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: REVISITED

In this paper the interest rate sensitivity of common stock returns of financial firms is re-examined. Considered here are (1) current, anticipated, and unanticipated changes in interest rates; (2) depository and nondepository firms; and (3) three different-maturity interest rate indices. Results lend strong support for a negative effect of both current and unanticipated interest rate changes. Although some exceptions are observed, stock returns of most subsectors of both financial and nonfinancial firms are not sensitive to anticipated interest rate changes. The findings of this study are robust to the choice of a particular model of interest rate expectations.