cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Particle Morphology and Flow Conditions on the Dispersion Behavior of Fumed Silica in Silicone Polymers

The dispersion behavior of agglomerates of several grades of fumed silica in poly(dimethyl siloxane) liquids has been studied as a function of particle morphology and applied flow conditions. The effects of primary particle size and aggregate density and structure on cohesivity were probed through tensile and shear strength tests on particle compacts. These cohesivity tests indicated that the shear strength of particle compacts was two orders of magnitude higher than the tensile strength at the same overall packing density. Experiments carried out in both steady and time-varying simple-shear flows indicate that dispersion occurs through tensile failure. In the steady-shear experiments,enhanced dispersion was obtained at higher levels of applied stress and, at comparable levels of applied stress, dispersion was found to proceed faster at higher shear rates. Experiments conducted in time-varying flows further corroborated the results obtained in tensile cohesivity tests. Experiments in which the mean and maximum stresses in the time-varying flows were matched to the stresses produced in steady shear flows highlight the influence of flow dynamics on dispersion behavior.
Biocompatibility and Conductometric Property of Sol-Gel Derived ZnO/PVP Nanocomposite Biosensor Film

Nanocrystalline ZnO and ZnO/PVP nanocomposite films have been prepared by the sol-gel dip-coating technique from zinc acetate precursor on silicon wafer and Pyrex glass substrates. The films were characterized using atomic force microscopy for morphology, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for chemical analysis. Thermally untreated and annealed films were studied in order to analyze the influence of temperature on the formation and properties of the films. The films have a uniform void-free surface and the grain size increases with the annealing temperature. The cell viability assays indicate that the growth rate of BPH cells incubated in the presence of ZnO was significantly reduced (35% of the control) compared to that of untreated controls, indicating antibacterial activity of ZnO as a result of the generation of hydrogen peroxide. The sensor characteristic of ZnO/PVP nanocomposite was also demonstrated by measuring the change in conductivity upon exposure to superoxide anion radical.
On nonuniform sampling expansions using entire interpolating functions, and on the stability of Bessel-type sampling expansions

The author has extended the work of N. Levinson (1940) to derive nonuniform sampling expansions that are stable in the sense of K. Yao and J.B. Thomas (IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory, vol.CT-14, p.404-8, 1967) and reduce to Bessel-type sampling expansions for a particular choice of the sampling sequence. >
Pathogenic hantaviruses selectively inhibit beta3 integrin directed endothelial cell migration.

Hantaviruses cause two diseases of man, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Pathogenic and non-pathogenic hantaviruses use β3 and β1 integrins, respectively, to enter endothelial cells. β3 integrins were recently reported to bind receptors that regulate vascular permeability suggesting that hantavirus β3 integrin interactions may regulate endothelial cell function and contribute to viral pathogenesis. In this study we investigated the ability of pathogenic and non-pathogenic hantaviruses to regulate β3 and β1 integrin directed endothelial cell functions. We found that pathogenic NY-1, SNV, HTN, SEO and PUU viruses blocked endothelial cell migration on β3, but not β1, integrin ligands. Migration is similarly inhibited by antibodies to β3 integrins which selectively block vitronectin directed endothelial cell migration. As a result, the ability of endothelial cells to migrate on integrin ligands was selectively inhibited by only pathogenic hantaviruses. Infection by NY-1 virus inhibited endothelial cell migration as early as 24–48 h post-infection. In contrast, non-pathogenic PH and TUL viruses had no effect on the ability of endothelial cells to migrate on either β3 or β1 integrin ligands from 1 to 5 days post-infection. These findings indicate that only hantaviruses which use β3 integrins, and are associated with HPS and HFRS diseases, functionally dysregulate endothelial cell migration. These findings further demonstrate that hantaviruses regulate only β3 integrin directed endothelial cell functions and have no effect on β1 integrin functions. Since β3 integrins are linked to changes in vascular permeability and the maintenance of vascular integrity, these findings suggest a means by which hantavirus usage and regulation of β3 integrins may contribute to hantavirus pathogenesis.
Modification of the metabolism and toxicity of styrene and styrene oxide in hepatic cytochrome P450 reductase deficient mice and CYP2F2 deficient mice

Styrene causes toxicity in both the lung and the liver. The study of the relationship of this toxicity to the metabolism of styrene has been aided by the use of knockout mice for both bioactivation and detoxification pathways. It has been hypothesized that CYP2E1 is primarily responsible for styrene bioactivation in mouse liver and CYP2F2 in mouse lung. Two knockout strains were used in the current studies. Mice deficient in hepatic cytochrome P450 reductase had much less hepatic metabolism of styrene to styrene oxide. Styrene (600 mg/kg, i.p.) caused significant hepatotoxicity, as determined by serum sorbitol dehydrogenase and glutathione levels, in the wild-type but not in the knockout mice. It caused lung toxicity, as determined by protein levels, cell number, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bronchioalveolar lavage fluid of wild-type mice, but this effect was less in the knockout mice. In CYP2F2 knockout mice there was only a small decrease in the hepatic metabolism of styrene but a very large decrease in pulmonary metabolism. As expected the CYP2F2 knockout and wild-type mice were equally susceptible to styrene-induced hepatotoxicity, but the knockout mice were less susceptible to styrene-induced pneumotoxicity. Although the results are inconsistent with the simple hypothesis that styrene pneumotoxicity is due to the bioactivation of styrene to styrene oxide by CYYP2F2, they demonstrate the importance of both liver and lung in the metabolism of styrene, but additional pharmacokinetic studies are needed to help clarify the relationship between target organ metabolism and susceptibility.
An Examination of SOFC Anode Functional Layers Based on Ceria in YSZ

The properties of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) anode functional layers prepared by impregnation of ceria and catalytic metals into porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) have been examined for operation at 973 K. By varying the thickness of the functional layer, the conductivity of the ceria-YSZ composite was determined to be only 0.015-0.02 S/cm. The initial performance of anodes made with ceria loadings of 40 or 60 wt % were similar but the anodes with lower loadings lost conductivity above 1073 K due to sintering of the ceria. The addition of dopant levels of catalytic metals was found to be critical. The addition of 1 wt % Pd or Ni decreased the anode impedances in humidified H 2 dramatically, while the improvement with 5 wt % Cu was significant but more modest. Pd doping also decreased the anode impedance in dry CH 4 much more than did Cu doping; however, addition of either Pd or Cu led to similar improvements for operation in n-butane. Based on these results, suggestions are made for ways to improve SOFC anode functional layers.
The Profile of An Election, 2004: Outcomes and Fundamentals

In the wake of the 2004 election, Democrats are weighing their strategies and considering whether to refashion themselves after the victors. If the election is seen as a sweeping rejection of Democratic prospects and values, some have advised the Democrats to reshape their fundamental beliefs. A careful look at underlying economic and political fundamentals reveals a historically small swing toward the incumbent. Based on exit polls and historical data, the major conclusion I draw is that the election was surprisingly unfavorable to incumbent Republican President Bush. His was the smallest non-recession incumbent victory since World War I. Moreover, a look at different economic and demographic groups reveals some surprising swings.
Molecular insights into NF2/Merlin tumor suppressor function

The FERM domain protein Merlin, encoded by the NF2 tumor suppressor gene, regulates cell proliferation in response to adhesive signaling. The growth inhibitory function of Merlin is induced by intercellular adhesion and inactivated by joint integrin/receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Merlin contributes to the formation of cell junctions in polarized tissues, activates anti-mitogenic signaling at tight-junctions, and inhibits oncogenic gene expression. Thus, inactivation of Merlin causes uncontrolled mitogenic signaling and tumorigenesis. Merlin's predominant tumor suppressive functions are attributable to its control of oncogenic gene expression through regulation of Hippo signaling. Notably, Merlin translocates to the nucleus where it directly inhibits the CRL4(DCAF1) E3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby suppressing inhibition of the Lats kinases. A dichotomy in NF2 function has emerged whereby Merlin acts at the cell cortex to organize cell junctions and propagate anti-mitogenic signaling, whereas it inhibits oncogenic gene expression through the inhibition of CRL4(DCAF1) and activation of Hippo signaling. The biochemical events underlying Merlin's normal function and tumor suppressive activity will be discussed in this Review, with emphasis on recent discoveries that have greatly influenced our understanding of Merlin biology.
Mean squared prediction error in the spatial linear model with estimated covariance parameters

The problem considered is that of predicting the value of a linear functional of a random field when the parameter vector θ of the covariance function (or generalized covariance function) is unknown. The customary predictor when θ is unknown, which we call the EBLUP, is obtained by substituting an estimator Ĝj for θ in the expression for the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP). Similarly, the customary estimator of the mean squared prediction error (MSPE) of the EBLUP is obtained by substituting Ĝj for θ in the expression f for the BLUP's MSPE; we call this the EMSPE. In this article, the appropriateness of the EMSPE as an estimator of the EBLUP's MSPE is examined, and alternative estimators of the EBLUP's MSPE for use when the EMSPE is inappropriate are suggested. Several illustrative examples show that the performance of the EMSPE depends on the strength of spatial correlation; the EMSPE is at its best when the spatial correlation is strong.
Prolactin and growth hormone secretion in chemically induced and genetically obese mice.

Experiments were performed to determine PRL and GH concentrations in mice rendered obese by chemical means and to compare these concentrations with those of mice obese as a result of genetic mutation. Basal levels of serum PRL and GH were generally lower in gold thioglucose (GTG) and bipiperidyl mustard (BPM)-treated obese mice compared with lean controls. In the pituitary gland, the hormonal changes varied from lower or unchanged levels of PRL and GH shortly after drug injection to very high concentrations of PRL (but not of GH) a year later. However, when the mice were challenged with perphenazine, a drug that causes prompt release of PRL, GTG and BPM-obese mice released 2-5 times as much PRL as did lean controls, suggesting an impairment in the hypo-thalamic control of PRL secretion in GTG/BPM-obese mice. Basal levels of PRL and GH in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice of both sexes were also lower than those in their lean relatives (?/+). This was true for both serum and pituitary concentrations of the tw...
Educational programmes for shiftworkers, their families, and prospective shiftworkers

The concept of educational programmes for shiftworkers has good face validity, but research verification is not evident in the literature. Efforts to date to provide users with extensive information are commendable, but they do not appear to be adequate for the education of shiftworkers. In some cases, this information may impede, distract, or mislead users. As a response to these deficits, seven principles are proposed to guide the designing of educational programmes for shiftworkers. These principles focus on the process of designing programmes, rather than on the specific behavioural techniques or variables to be used. Together, these principles form a process theory. This theory requires validity testing, and can serve as a useful guide for the design of shiftworker educational programmes.
A Rare Case of β-hCG Production by a Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura

Background Solitary fibrous tumors are rare tumors of mesenchymal origins, most commonly seen arising from the pleural lining of the lungs. These are generally benign tumors, which in rare cases have been identified to be associated with multiple para-neoplastic syndromes. Case report This is a case of a solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura in a 49 year old female which was found to be associated with elevated levels of serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin β-hCG). Due to the lack of plausible causes for elevated β-hCG in the patient, immune-histochemical staining of the tumor specimen for β-hCG was obtained. This confirmed the patient's solitary fibrous tumor as the source of the β-hCG. The patient was also found to have a possible paraneoplastic syndrome with irregular menstruation and hot flushes from the secreted β-hCG. Conclusions This is the first reported case of solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura producing {b-hCG. Multiple types of lung tumors have been associated with production of β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Production of β-hCG by these tumors has been associated with a poor prognosis. In this case, we find an aggressive form of solitary fibrous tumor associated with production of β-hCG and associated paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to the β-hCG. Further study is required to identify the frequency of this phenomenon and the implications of β-hCG production in the prognosis of the solitary fibrous tumors.
Protective shield: a thematic analysis of the experience of having an adult sibling with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the adult well sibling's experience of having grown up with a sibling who has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Using existential-phenomenological interview procedures, 14 participants were asked what it was like to have a chronically ill sibling. Analysis of participants' experiences was done using a hermeneutical approach. The thematic description of the experience of having lived with a chronically ill sibling with IDDM was divided into two interdependent and interrelated periods, the past and the present. The metaphor of a protective shield woven around the diabetic sibling by his or her family was taken from the words of a participant, and is seen by participants as occurring in the past and the present. The themes of the past provide the background for the themes of the present. Many of the themes of the past are moved forward to the present, but, because of the passage of time, are described differently by participants. Results of this stu...
Electronic-band oscillator strengths for the α- and γ-bands of TiO

Abstract Phillips' revisions of his earlier assignments for the spectroscopic constants of TiO change the f-number estimates derived from our experimental measurements. Using new relative opacity calculations by Collins and Fay, we present revised electronic oscillator strengths using our previously-published absolute intensity measurements performed behind reflected shock waves. For the γ-bands, the f-numbers lie between 0·31 and 0·61; the corresponding range of values for the α-bands is 0·12−0·22.
Selective elimination of proliferating cells in human diploid cell cultures by treatment with BrdU, 33258 Hoechst and visible light

Abstract We have attempted to obtain pure populations of postmitotic cells from cultures of human diploid fibroblasts by the selective elimination of replicating cells. The selective system consists of treating cultures with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) followed by exposure to the fluorescent dye 33258 Hoechst and irradiation with visible light. The percentage of survivors after the combined treatment was observed to be inversely proportional to the pretreatment [ 3 H] thymidine labeling index of the culture. The posttreatment labeling indices, determined on the basis of the number of cells plated prior to the initiation of treatment, was higher in late passage cultures. Even after prolonged exposure to 5-BrdU (10 days), a small fraction of cells in early passage human fibroblastlike cultures was capable of incorporating [ 3 H] thymidine. In contrast, actively replicating cells could be completely eliminated from HeLa cultures in this selective system. Studies with [ 3 H] BrdU indicated that the cells incorporating this analog are preferentially killed. These observations suggest that human diploid cell cultures contain a subpopulation of very slowly cycling or transiently noncycling cells.
Culture, Society, and Embedded Religion in Antiquity

After the concepts of “society,” “culture,” and the “embeddedness of religion” have been reviewed from the standpoint of the social sciences, religion's place in antiquity is considered in relationship to the Judean temple, ecclesia and synagogue, and the controverted terms “Jew” and “Christian.” The meaning of religion, and the role it plays in human affairs, is argued to be fundamentally dependent upon its location in society or culture
Phosphate efflux in single barnacle muscle fibers

Abstract 1. 1. A study has been made of [32P] efflux from single muscle fibers of the barnacle Balanus nubilus. 2. 2. The efflux curve is a composite of three components, with t 1 2 of 3.7,10 and 131 min. A steady state value is reached within 60–70 min after loading of the fiber with [32P]-PO4. 3. 3. External application of ouabain or iodocetate is ineffective. 4. 4. Internal application of cAMP-protein kinase catalytic subunit is also ineffective. 5. 5. External application of caffeine stimulates the efflux of [32P] rather mildly. 6. 6. The provisional conclusion is that very little of the injected [32p] is available for extrusion following its equilibration internally.
Nonclassically Secreted Regulators of Angiogenesis

Many secreted polypeptide regulators of angiogenesis are devoid of signal peptides. These proteins are released through nonclassical pathways independent of endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. In most cases, the nonclassical protein export is induced by stress. It usually serves to stimulate repair or inflammation in damaged tissues. We review the secreted signal peptide-less regulators of angiogenesis and discuss the mechanisms and biological significance of their unconventional export.
The existence of optimal contracts in the principal-agent model

Abstract In the following paper, we treat, in a general setting, the problem of existence of optimal contracts in the principal-agent model, and we give several examples of contract sets containing optimal contracts.
Color-Mood Associations in Young Children

(1965). Color-Mood Associations in Young Children. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 29-32.
The Relationship of Self-Restraint and Distress to Coping Among Spouses Caring for Persons With Alzheimer's Disease:

This study investigated the relationship between two basic dimensions of social-emotional adjustment: distress and self-restraint, as identified by Weinberger and Schwartz (1990), and the use of four coping strategies by spouse caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. Care givers were most frequently categorized as oversocialized (high distress, high self-restraint) and repressive (low distress, high self-restraint) according to Weinberger and Schwartz's (1990) social-emotional adjustment typology. A higher proportion of males than females were under- socialized (low distress, low self-restraint) and reactive (high distress, low self-restraint), whereas a higher proportion of females than males were oversocialized (high distress, high self-restraint). High distress caregivers were more likely to use the emotion-focused coping strategy of wishfulness, whereas low distress caregivers were more likely to use acceptance and the problem-focused strategy of instrumental coping. Although there were gender...
Plasmon dynamics in a metal nanoslit

We present an analytical study of the dynamic interplay among surface plasmon polarization charges, electromagnetic fields, and energy flow in the metal/dielectric interface and metal nanoslit structure. Particular attention is given to the regime where the energy flow in the metal side is significant compared to that in the dielectric side. The study reveals that a vortex-like circulation of energy is an intrinsic feature of surface plasmon propagation supported by a metal/dielectric interface, and, in general, a vortex can form when the permittivity and permeability values of the materials involved satisfy the following condition: {(epsivm /epsivd ) -1} or {(epsivm /epsivd ) > -1 and (mum /mud ) < -1}.
An evaluation of digitally derived K-indices.

The method used for estimating the daily regular variation of the magnetic field and the computation of digital K values are discussed. Test magnetograms, synthesized from digital one-minute values for a wide range of magnetic conditions, are shown with regular variation curves superimposed on their respective component traces. Comparisons of K-indices computed from digital one minute values with K-indices handscaled from magnetograms were made using data from five U. S. Geological Survey magnetic observatories. The test magnetograms and normal magnetograms were examined to identify possible sources of difference in the two methods. The results indicate that the number of differences attributed to bias in the digital method may not be significantly different than the number of subjective differences by the handscaling method.
A graduate/undergraduate computer graphics course and laboratory

This paper contains a syllabus and a description of a graduate/undergraduate level course in computer graphics offered by the Electrical Engineering Department at Auburn University. The course is designed to acquaint the student with the fundamental hardware and software components of real-time computer graphics systems. Topics covered include characteristics and features of hardware components, general-purpose graphics software, display files, two and three-dimensional transformations, clipping and windowing, perspective, hidden-line elimination and shading. Interactive graphics and a survey of applications will also be included.Classroom lectures and presentations are supplemented by laboratory demonstrations and student projects. Laboratory facilities will be described in the paper. Available equipment includes a DEC GT42 Graphics System, Tektronix 4012, 4013, and 4014 Graphics Terminals, and a Tektronix 4631 Hardcopy Unit. All of the above units are supported by a DEC PDP 11/40 under the RSTS/E System. A graphics utility package common to both the refreshed and stored graphics terminals is being developed.
Titrimetric microdetermination of sulfur in biological materials.

Abstract A sulfur assay procedure is described involving oxygen-flask combustion followed by volumetric titration of sulfate in the range from 0.8 to 3.2 μeq. Pyrophosphoric acid derived from combustion of phosphorus compounds was shown to be a major source of error, and conditions effecting complete hydrolysis of this product to orthophosphoric acid were established. Other interfering substances were either removed or rendered innocuous. Results were dependable within 1.8% for sulfur in purified sulfur compounds and were not appreciably less dependable for either simple mixtures with high phosphorus and nitrogen levels or complex mixtures containing as little as 0.33% sulfur together with sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorine at levels characteristic of mixed biological materials. Sulfur exeretion measured in urine and feces for a rat maintained within 0.8% at constant weight over a 25-day period agreed with measured sulfur intake with a discrepaney of less than 3.6%.
Human dermal stem cells differentiate into functional epidermal melanocytes

Melanocytes sustain a lifelong proliferative potential, but a stem cell reservoir in glabrous skin has not yet been found. Here, we show that multipotent dermal stem cells isolated from human foreskins lacking hair follicles are able to home to the epidermis to differentiate into melanocytes. These dermal stem cells, grown as three-dimensional spheres, displayed a capacity for self-renewal and expressed NGFRp75, nestin and OCT4, but not melanocyte markers. In addition, cells derived from single-cell clones were able to differentiate into multiple lineages including melanocytes. In a three-dimensional skin equivalent model, sphere-forming cells differentiated into HMB45-positive melanocytes, which migrated from the dermis to the epidermis and aligned singly among the basal layer keratinocytes in a similar fashion to pigmented melanocytes isolated from the epidermis. The dermal stem cells were negative for E-cadherin and N-cadherin, whereas they acquired E-cadherin expression and lost NGFRp75 expression upon contact with epidermal keratinocytes. These results demonstrate that stem cells in the dermis of human skin with neural-crest-like characteristics can become mature epidermal melanocytes. This finding could significantly change our understanding of the etiological factors in melanocyte transformation and pigmentation disorders; specifically, that early epigenetic or genetic alterations leading to transformation may take place in the dermis rather than in the epidermis.
SU‐FF‐J‐31: Breath‐Hold Cone‐Beam CT for Patient Setup in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Lung Tumors

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using breath‐hold cone‐beam CT(CBCT) on the treatment table to set up patients for stereotactic body radiation therapy(SBRT) for lungtumors.Method and Materials: After observing the motion of the patient's lungtumor by fluoroscopy, each patient was taught to hold his or her breath for 35 to 45 seconds. If negligible motion was observed during breath‐hold fluoroscopy, a planning CT was obtained during a single breath‐hold with a CT‐simulator. This breath‐hold planning CT was used to design a radiation treatment plan with 7–9 static, noncoplanar beams in accordance with a Radiation TherapyOncology Group SBRT protocol. A CBCT acquired on the treatment table in three breath‐holds was used to set up each patient. A single breath‐hold was used for the acquisition of each kilovoltage radiograph and portal image and the delivery of each treatment beam. Results: The CBCT setup technique was found to be more reliable than using orthogonal kilovoltage radiographs on the treatment table because the tumor could always be seen in the CBCTimages, but not always in the radiographs. For some patients, registering the setup image with the planning CT using only bony anatomy, the only practical method with orthogonal radiographs, would make the setup inaccurate. The time required for CBCT setup was acceptable. Conclusion: For setting up SBRTtreatments of lungtumors, a breath‐hold CBCT on the treatment table is feasible and more reliable than using orthogonal radiographs. For some patients, the CBCT setup is more accurate because the tumor can always be seen in the CBCTimages and registering images with bony anatomy alone may not place the isocenter in the center of the tumor.
Exploring sources of catalysis in the basic elimination of 5-nitrobenzisoxazole

Abstract A C-shaped, bifunctional host with a highly preorganized cleft was used as a host system to investigate the sources of catalysis in the base-promoted conversion of 5-nitrobenzisoxazole to 2-cyano-5-nitrophenolate. Kinetic studies with compounds that partly conserve structural elements of the host suggest that π-stacking interactions and solvation effects mainly contribute to the observed rate acceleration of the host compared to the acetate promoted reaction.
The Arsenic Content of Eggs From Hens Fed Arsanilic Acid

Abstract Bird, Groschke and Rubin (1949), Morehouse (1949), and Stokstad and Jukes (1950) observed growth stimulation of chicks from feeding certain arsonic acid compounds, especially 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid. Another organic arsenic compound, arsanilic acid, has also been used as a growth stimulant for chicks (Bird, 1952). Although arsanilic acid has not been recommended for laying hens, it might be fed to them. What effect would arsanilic acid have on laying hens? To answer this question an experiment was conducted at Michigan State College in which general well being and production of hens, and fertility, hatchability, and arsenic content of the eggs were studied. Data on the arsenic content of the eggs are presented in this note. The other results are published elsewhere (Libby, Groschke, Evans and Bandemer, 1953). Three groups of 20 Rhode Island Red pullets and one male each were fed an all-mash basal breeder diet (Libby et al., 1953), except …
Structural studies on a glycoprotein isolated from alveoli of patients with alveolar proteinosis

Abstract A major glycoprotein (36 000 molecular weight) has been isolated from lung lavage of patients with alveolar proteinosis and found to contain five residues of hydroxyproline, fifty residues of glycine, three residues of methionine, 3 mol of sialic acid, 4.4 mol of mannose, 4.0 mol of galactose, 6.0 mol of glucosamine, and 1 mol of fucose. Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) treatment of the glycoprotein resulted, as expected, in four peptides of apparent molecular weights of 18 000, 12 000, 5000 and 1000, respectively. The chemical compositions of the CNBr peptides indicate the presence of hydroxyproline and high amounts of glycine in all but one of the peptides; two of the four CNBr peptides contain carbohydrate. Gel filtration, acrylamide gel electrophoresis and end-group analyses of the native glycoprotein and its CNBr peptides indicate that the peptides are homogeneous. End-group analyses of the CNBr cleavage products assign the 18 000 molecular weight peptide to the NH2- terminal portion and the 1000 molecular weight peptide to the COOH-terminal portion of the native glycoprotein molecule. Pronase digestion of the 36 000 molecular weight glycoprotein, followed by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography, resulted in two fractions. One fraction was acidic and contained all the carbohydrate, a high content of aspartic acid and no hydroxyproline. The other fraction was basic and contained 8.4% hydroxyproline, 14% proline, 28% glycine and no carbohydrate, suggesting the presence of collagen-like sequence in the peptide chain. Paper electrophoresis of the basic fraction demonstrated two components, the amino acid compositions of which are identical to those of collagen. Partial amino-terminal sequence analysis of one of the CNBr peptides (18 000 molecular weight) indicated the presence of -Gly-Pro-HyP-Gly-sequence in the peptide chain, which confirms our suggestion that collagen-like regions are present in the native glycoprotein molecule. Limited acid hydrolysis of the acidic fraction and subsequent fractionation of the acid hydrolysate using Dowex column yielded a fraction which produced brown colour with ninhydrin reagent. Paper chromatography of this fraction demonstrated a large component which also stained brown with ninhydrin reagent. After acid hydrolysis, this component was found to consist of equal amounts of aspartic acid and glucosamine, indicating that the N- acetylglucosamine of the oligosaccharides is linked to the asparagine residue of the peptide. No serine or threonine linkages are present.
Determinants of cycloxygenase (COX)-2 specific inhibitor utilization in a managed care population

Purpose: Background: COX-2 specific inhibitors (C) are potentially prescribed to individuals at higherisk for adverse gastrointestinal (GI) outcomes, which produces channeling bias (CB) in nonrandomized observational studies. Purpose: To assess the potential for CB by identifying factors that predispose physicians to prescribe C as opposed to conventional NSAIDs (N) within a typical managed care plan.
Redundant proofs of non-interference in Levin-Gries CSP program proofs

The proof system for Hoare's CSP language proposed by Levin and Gries requires that non-interference be proven for each assertion used in the proof of a process. In the worst case, the effort required to provide such proofs could be enormous. The need for these proofs has been identified as a significant weakness of the system. In this paper, we show that most of the proofs of non-interference required are unnecessary. This suggest that proving non-interference in the Levin-Gries system may be far less burdensome than had previously been assumed.
The University of California, Davis, collaborative model for biotechnology education and training

UC Davis and its partners are addressing the need for innovation and entrepreneurship in graduate education and training. This paper will showcase the Designated Emphasis in Biotechnology graduate education program, cross-disciplinary partnerships and technology brokering. These interactions can bring diverse groups of individuals together to translate ideas into real world applications. The creation of intellectual and human capital at universities must be linked to financial capital and social capital. This can be accomplished by creating dense social networks. PhD programs in science and engineering must be transformed in order to stay relevant in the 21 st century. UC Davis has been addressing these issues for close to 20 years and is now seeing significant outcomes.
Identification of the structural gene for F-pilin.

Mutants in 12 cistrons of the sex factor F are deficient in transfer (Tra−) and nine of these fail to produce the hair-like appendages, F-pili, which are obligatory for both conjugation and male-specific phage infection. As a first step in providing a detailed characterization of the molecular basis of conjugation we have examined the number of radioactively labeled [125I]tyrosine peptides obtainable from purified pili produced by serine and tyrosine suppressed tra amber mutants. This has permitted the identification of traA as the structural gene for F-pilin, the protein subunit comprising F-pili.
Atmospheric Wet Deposition of Total Phosphorus in New Jersey.

Wet deposition of total phosphorus has been measured as part of the New Jersey Atmospheric Deposition Network (NJADN). Precipitation samples were collected in 1999—2001, using automated wet-only precipitation collectors at four sites in New Jersey, representing different land-use regimes. Total phosphorus volume-weighted mean concentrations (VWM) and the wet depositional fluxes were estimated on seasonal and annual timescales. VWM concentrations (± standard error) of total phosphorus ranged from 4.1 ± 0.80 to 15 ± 8.8 μg L-1 at all sites and were of similar magnitude across the region. The wet deposition flux estimates ranged from 3.9 to 14 mg m-2 y-1. VWM concentrations and fluxes were similar to those measured at other locations in the eastern United States.
Diffusion measurements with fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy: Water diffusion in polypropylene*

The diffusion of pure liquid water into a commercial polypropylene (PP) film at 278-348 K was studied with Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy. Abnormal diffusion behavior was indicated by a significant deviation between the experimental data and a Fickian diffusion model with the conventional saturated boundary condition applied at the water/PP interface. This deviation was observed at all the temperatures studied. With a modified boundary condition that took into account a mass-transfer resistance at the water/PP interface, the Fickian model was able to represent the experimental data satisfactorily. The average water diffusion coefficient varied between 1.41 and 7.64 × 10 9 cm 2 /s, with an activation energy of diffusion of about 19.3 kJ/mol. The interfacial mass-transfer resistance was represented by an exponential model with an empirical relaxation parameter. The relaxation parameter β increased as the temperature increased and reached an apparent plateau. The infrared spectrum indicated a positive chemical shift of 18 cm -1 for the less strongly hydrogen-bonded component of the broad hydroxyl stretching band with respect to pure liquid water, indicating that hydrogen-bonding interactions were weakened or broken when water molecules diffused into the PP matrix.
Restriction map of bacteriophage SP02: ordering the SacI fragments and identification of the DNA termini.

Abstract The six Sac I endonuclease sites present in SP02 DNA were located relative to the Bgl I, Bgl II, Eco RI, Sal I, Sma I, and Xba I sites. The heat-labile junction between fragments Sac I-A and Sac I-E was identified as the point at which the SP02 genome circularizes.
Gender Differences in Diabetes Attitudes and Adherence

This study focused on three questions: Is there a difference in men's and women's diabetes attitudes? Do health professionals give different recommendations to men and women? Is there a difference between men and women in care adherence? A total of 1201 patients with diabetes were surveyed; 65% of these patients were women. Differences in diabetes attitudes (three of seven attitudes) were most evident between men and women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). No differences were found in the attitudes of men and women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) using insulin, and only one attitude was different for patients with NIDDM not using insulin. Few differences were observed in the recommendations given by health professionals to men and women. Gender differences in adherence to the components of self-care also were minimal. These findings may indicate that there are many similarities in the reactions of men and women who have been diagnosed with diabetes.
The influence of thyroid hormones on normal rat-liver mitochondria III. Thyroxine-induced swelling in pretreated mitochondria

Abstract 1. 1. Thyroxine caused swelling in rat-liver mitochondria which had been pretreated with deionized H2O and then added to sucrose, phosphate-buffered media. The resulting structural changes were observed in short-term incubations and were enhanced markedly by the addition of adenosine 5′-diphosphate. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate also permitted thyroxine-induced swelling, but the latent period prior to this swelling was greater than when adenosine 5′-diphosphate was used. 2. 2. In the presence of adenosine 5′-diphosphate the swelling was correlated with a loss of respiratory control, although it occurred after the initial stimulation of the rate of O2 uptake by thyroxine. With adenosine 5′-triphosphate the swelling accompanied thyroxine-stimulated adenosine-5′-triphosphatase activity. The data support the concept that both adenosine-5′-triphosphatase activity and mitochondrial swelling are released by the breakdown of high-energy intermediates.
What's in a Surname? The Effects of Surname Initials on Academic Success

We present evidence that a variety of proxies for success in the U.S. economics labor market (tenure at highly ranked schools, fellowship in the Econometric Society, and to a lesser extent, Nobel Prize and Clark Medal winnings) are correlated with surname initials, favoring economists with surname initials earlier in the alphabet. These patterns persist even when controlling for country of origin, ethnicity, and religion. We suspect that these effects are related to the existing norm in economics prescribing alphabetical ordering of authors’ credits. Indeed, there is no significant correlation between surname initials and tenure at departments of psychology, where authors are credited roughly according to their intellectual contribution. The economics market participants seem to react to this phenomenon. Analyzing publications in the top economics journals since 1980, we note two consistent patterns: authors participating in projects with more than three authors have significantly earlier surname initials, and authors writing papers in which the order of credits is non-alphabetical have significantly higher surname initials.
Communication strategies for mentoring in software development projects

As with professionals in all engineering disciplines, software developers new to a project must be given the implicit and explicit knowledge they need to be productive, in an effective and appropriate way, due to fluid team dynamics, geographical distribution, and other factors. As part of a broader study of communication in software development, we focus here on communication strategies for mentoring. We explore some examples of mentoring-oriented communication, in an educational setting and in an open-source consortium of academics and professionals. Through further study, we plan to draw out recurring patterns of communication between mentors and proteges.
Growing up in the hospital.

MAJOR ADVANCES IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY, SUCH as chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and immunotherapy, have increased survival rates and changed the lives of ill children and their families. One consequence of these advances in medical care has been that many children have experienced multiple, intensive, long-term hospitalizations. Despite pressures from insurers to shorten lengths of stay, children with serious chronic conditions can spend much of their childhood in a hospital. In 2000, approximately 2 million children and adolescents were hospitalized for pediatric illness. It also has been estimated that “childhood disability” accounts for 5 million hospital days each year. These illnesses can range from relatively common pediatric diagnoses such as sickle cell disease, severe asthma, and cystic fibrosis, to rare conditions such as immunodeficiencies, cancer, and unusual genetic syndromes. Prolonged hospitalizations, though necessary for adequate medical care, change the physical and emotional environment, disciplinary context, schooling, family life, and neurobiology of the chronically ill child. Thoughtful and integrated multidisciplinary care is more important today than ever before. Physicians and hospital staff should realize that many children with chronic conditions are growing up in the hospital and that these hospital experiences can profoundly affect their cognitive, emotional, social, and sexual developmental trajectories. With this understanding, the hospital environment and clinical approach must be modified to optimize development. An important goal for these children and adolescents is to normalize hospital life as much as possible. Parents rooming in with infants and children, the creation of Child Life programs in hospitals, and universal pain assessment are examples of changes in the hospital environment that take into account developmental considerations. Parents, initially focused on life-threatening physical concerns, often later express deep gratitude for these interventions and are eager for additional support of their child’s psychosocial development. Although such initiatives have been valuable contributions to the environment of care, additional practices should be adopted to help these children. The focus of this Commentary is limited to the impact of frequent or prolonged hospitalization on medically ill children since so little is known about children’s experiences during transitions between inpatient and outpatient settings.
On the Maxwell-Dirac equations with zero magnetic field and their solution in two space dimensions

Abstract Under the assumption of a vanishing magnetic field (curl A = 0), a transformation of variables is exhibited which uncouples the Maxwell-Dirac equations. It is then shown that the Cauchy problem in two space dimensions has a unique solution for C ∞ data with compact support.
Imaginary potential in resonating-group calculations for the α + α system

Abstract Resonating-group calculations have been quite successful in describing the α + α system below the reaction threshold of 17.36 MeV (c.m.). In order to extend these calculations to energies above this threshold, a local, phenomenological, imaginary potential is introduced into the usual resonating-group formulation; the purpose being to account approximately for the influence of reactions on the elastic scattering. It is found that a simple, surface-peaked, imaginary potential with a strength which varies smoothly with energy is quite adequate to reproduce the imaginary parts of the experimentally determined α + α phase shifts from 25 to 60 MeV (c.m.). The introduction of such a potential is found to cause only a small change in the calculated real parts of the α + α phase shifts. The agreement of these calculated real phases with those determined from experiment is better below the reaction threshold than above it. A discussion is given of α + α effective potentials, and the influence of the imaginary potential on the real, effective potential is investigated.
Collagen distribution in the rat demonstrated by a specific anti-collagen antiserum†

A specific anti-collagen antiserum was prepared in rabbits using as antigen a rat tail collagen preparation free of serum protein reactants. This antiserum reacted with several forms of isolated collagen and with rat urine, but not with rat serum. It was coupled to fluorescein and used to label sites of collagen in frozen and dried cryostat sections of rat tissues. The indirect method, with uncoupled serum, was also used routinely. Tubular and glomerular basement membranes, Bowman's capsule, basement membrane of skin and lung, reticular fibers of spleen and the connective tissue framework of muscle were strongly stained, as was also new bone on trabecular borders and around osteocytes. The supporting fibers of normal hyaline cartilage, calcified bone, most tendons and the deeper fibers of skin were less stained or unstained under identical conditions and are presumably masked or blocked in situ. Cytoplasm or cytoplasmic processes in some fibroblasts of skin and tendon, cytoplasm of osteocytes and some cartilage cells in elastic cartilage were stained. Reaction and masking in fibers are presumably related to the modes of collagen linkage both within the fiber and externally with the ground substance matrix. Activity could be elicited in tendon by a brief heating at 60°C sufficiently to abolish the collagen birefringence. These collagen linkages are believed to be of importance in determining its behavior in overall processes of tissue disaggregation.